Forest statistics for the glaciated region of Ohio

Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

FOREST SURVEY RELEASE NO. 16
|, 7622 SEPTEMBER _1954
Cer7e
bop. ©

FOREST STATISTICS FOR

THE GLACIATED REGION

CENTRAL STATES
FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

COLUMBUS, OHIO W. G. MCGINNIES, DIRECTOR

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE oot FOREST SERVICE

FOREWORD

This is the first of two preliminary reports on forest areas
and timber volumes in Ohio. It is a product of the Forest Survey
of the Central States, an activity of the Central States Forest
Experiment Station and a part of the nationwide survey of forest
resources being made by the Forest Service, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

Field work for the survey in the Glaciated Region of Ohio
was done during the period August 1951 to January 1953.

Forest Survey reports are the result of a group effort.
From initial planning to final compilation the following people
have made contributions to this forest inventory report.
General Supervision

R. K. Winters, R. N. Cunningham, J. T. Morgan
Photo Interpretation

K. E. Moessner, F. D. Freeland, C. E. Jensen

Field Inventory

M. E. Becker, K. Lb. QUigley, P. L. Thornton, R, A. Whitmore,
W. Bw. Metcalf, R.A. Harmon, HB. F.: Younesblood, cd. D.esurron

Statistical Computations
C. E. Jensen, L. F. Compton, M. K. Peirsol
Report

0. Ki. Hotehi son

Signif
Tables
Forest

CONTENTS

icant facts

survey methods

Accuracy of data
Explanation of terms

Number

10

LIST OF TABLES

Page
Title Northeastern Western

Ohio Region Ohio Region

Forest and nonforest area by county

Commercial forest area by ownership
class

Commercial forest area by type and
stand-size class

Sawtimber volume by species and
stand-size class

Sawtimber volume by species and
tree-diameter class

Hardwood sawtimber volume by species
group and log grade

Total cubic volume of sound material
by species and class of material

Cubic volume of growing stock by
Species and stand-size class

Cubic volume of growing stock by
stand-size class and tree-diameter
class

Average volume per acre by stand-size
class

7

10

itil

12

its)

14

15

16

18

18

ig)

20

Zl

22

24

OSHOCTON

GUERNSEY | BELMONT

EAST-CENTRAL

AREAS COVERED PERCENT

IN THIS REPORT FOREST
o=19

Z20—39

EX 40 —59

Frontispiece.--Forest survey regions in Ohio.

as we

FOREST STATISTICS FOR Wey OM
ea |

| bd

THE GLACIATED REGION | || |
OF OHIO! | at prey
if Ts T; tH
x je aa
( +! i fo ; i]

In this report forest-area and timber-volume statistics for
Western and Northeastern Ohio (frontispiece) are shown separately.
Regional boundaries were established in order to group counties
having similar forest, soil, and economic conditions. The two
forest regions include most of the areas commonly known as the
Ohio Corn Belt and the Dairy Region.

Western Ohio includes a large share of the State's level-to-
rolling, glaciated land. Farming and manufacturing are the main
activities here. Forests are largely confined to the "back forties"
and the banks of streams--places that are too rough or too wet to
farm or that the owner has not gotten around to clearing. Woodland
grazing, destructive to the forest, is common practice. Although
markets exist for high-quality logs, a certain amount of mature
timber is kept from the market because it is in small lots or
because of the owner's indifference or his desire to keep the trees.

Northeastern Ohio's topography becomes rougher from west to
east, culminztiing in the Alleghany foothills. Tree species here
are more typical of northern hardwood forests, and the stands often
occur in deep gorges and on swampy uplands. The forests of this
area are best known as a source of maple syrup and "car blocking."
Maple products are a traditional and lucrative sideline on many
farms. Management favors the larger trees, the best sap producers,
at the expense of younger growing stock, with the result that many
stands will not be perpetuated. The steel mills of the Mahoning
Valley provide a ready market for “car blocking,’ short timbers
used to hold heavy steel pieces on railroad cars. This market
makes cutting pole-sized and poorly formed trees profitable; such
trees would not ordinarily be cut as sawlogs elsewhere in the
State.

SIGNIFICANT FACTS

The total land area of Western and Northeastern Ohio is 18
million acres with 12 percent (2.2 million acres) of it forested. 1/
By counties, the amount of forest ranges from 4 to 41 percent. The
most heavily forested area is in the extreme northeastern counties
where the Appalachian topography overlaps into Ohio. White pine
and hemlock are found in many of the deep gorges, giving the stands
the appearance of northern types. The counties of the Western
region are less heavily forested. The forests, more typical of
the Corn Belt, are small blocks on the poorer land or stringers
along streams.

Ninety-eight percent of the commercial forest land is
privately owned (fig. 1). State, county, and municipal ownerships
account for most of the remainder. In addition to the commercial
forest land, there are about 37,000 acres of noncommercial (re-
served) forest land in public ownership. Many of the reserved
forests are in municipal parks and watersheds. All of the forest
area, including reserved areas, is capable of growing commercial
timber. Throughout the Glaciated Region, farmers own 78 percent
of the commercial forest land, but in the Northeastern area more
than one-third of the forest land is owned by industries and
other private, non-farm concerns.

Figure 1.--Forest-land
ownership.

State, Co.
& Municpal

by For definition of forest land see page 2é.

Three forest types--oak-hickory, elm-ash-cottonwood, and
maple-beech--occur on 97 percent of the forest area. Most of the
maple-beech type is in the Northeastern section where the maple
trees are tapped for sap. The elm-ash-cottonwood type, with elm
dominating, is the most common type in the Glaciated Region. Be-
cause elm isn't a choice lumber tree, logging favors the accumula-
tion of elm in many stands. The choice species are cut leaving
the elm to dominate the stands. In the Northeastern area sugar
maple is favored in many stands; other trees are cut as needed but
the “sugar bush" is saved. Some stands eventually become filled
with over-mature sugar maple trees that are of little value for
lumber.

Fifty-six percent (1.2 million acres) of the commercial
forest area bears 1,500 board-feet or more per acre and is classi-
fied es sawtimber (fig. 2). Of this, 916,000 acres support large
sawtimber i.e., more than half the volume is in trees 15.0 inches
or larger. Poletimber stands occupy 31 percent of the forest area,
seedling and sapling stands ll percent. The remainder is nonstocked.

Figure 2.--Forest area by
stand-size class.

Nonstocked

In the Glaciated Region, sawtimber totals 7.1 billion board-
feet. About 77 percent (fig. 3) of this volume is in stands classed
as large sawtimber. About 17 percent is in small sawtimber stands,
and only about 6 percent is scattered in the other stand-sizZe
classes. Many stands are dominated by elm, which makes up about
20 percent of the board-foot volume; all oaks combined account for
only 28 percent of the volume. Maple and beech account for another
20 percent of the volume and the remaining 32 percent is scattered
among many species.

j Le
j __sowtimber_ ee : :
j oe gy Figure 3.--Sawtimber volume

by stand-size class.

Ly Zi

ey

LS ee
Z Le

Although 71 percent of the board-foot volume is in trees 15
inches d.b.h. and larger, little of this volume is in high-quality
logs. Only 23 percent of the volume (fig. 4) is in grade l and 2
logs, which provide the clear material demanded by many wood-using
industries. Many practices contribute to the low quality of the
timber. In many cutting operations, only the better trees are
taken and the low-quality trees remain to produce the next crop.
Pastureland is in great demand in this region and many stands are
grazed so heavily that they are noticeably damaged. Little demand
for timber in some areas or no interest in the timber on the part
of the owner has resulted in decadent stands.

Figure 4.--Hardwood sawtimber
volume by log grade.

The sawtimber stands average 5,400 board-feet per acre;
those that are classed as large sawtimber average 6,000 board-feet
per acre. This average volume is high for the Central States but
the quality and species composition of the stands could be greatly
improved. Immediate improvement calls for cutting that will remove
Overmature and other poor-risk trees and culls. While the car-
blocking market encourages clear cutting, thereby greatly delaying
the time when the stands can be cut again, this market does provide

an outlet for low-quality trees that otherwise might not be
harvested.

The total growing-stock volume in the Glaciated Region is
1,737 million cubic feet. The average volume per acre, 792 cubic
feet, could be more than doubled by intensive management. Seventy-
three percent of the growing-stock volume is in sawtimber trees and
27 percent is in poletimber trees.

In addition to the growing stock, the Glaciated Region has
632 million cubic feet of sound wood in cull trees and in the limbs
of merchantable sawtimber trees. This is an average of 288 cubic
feet or about 4 2 cords per forest acre, but the amount of such
wood available in sawtimber stands is much greater.

jor38 eq heel
2oi- bisey, N00) 8 ae
ps8), ahaa dota

sien a
Lov, &
A Pt —
Ys TA,
~ — e
Foo HiAa
+
one
]
oe} ee
BTS o ro 5) 8
d, ms
>
* i
= ws
THSY
a "
:
=
Gee
ae A
aft .
HIves
.

3 fe Ty as hiner a9 ae
Seo. | apes Ee eee
st el 3 oa Pe ie § wes an die ee,
4
igen’ Way ai ee gary 8 hs ayn

|
Spee fea Seabee vootatyaiwety odd to aa

: " " i aah “
bor saubacrieds | SedeTer dst tae rok SSq2 aude! ie 9 coca
- se9euth Meudbetlebasta (4hetet $enbtods pales sands

ad. UINOR: abate 4 ote + oa
ea
Pw tai ee Seed Mia Ae

Oi wee aie ae, suit ‘sfost Sidue
ro ee ae area: 8 wd Be Live oh oH 1g: “pte. we
ok hh eer
-ase1} ‘rodatielog mb et sel
. is ’ i y as i wy aaa
ee aL 7
Lperonto wit ragotryntwhrg sit oF met sibbe: ot ; ai
conus ify af hoow } bauee XO Sout akaue > aod LE )
yok x9 ty ee TS P 1% & e727 ay Os so2e- 7 vim s Te AP "ah tsaanndbe

j 7 ; pve : 4 ba

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 1.--Forest and nonforest area by county, 1952

9 Total

County > land areaL/; Forest area : Nonforest area

Thousand Thousand Percent Thousand Percent

acres acres
Ashland 268 Bl
Ashtabula 452 19
Columbiana 342 78
Cuyahoga 292 55
Erie 169 23
Geauga 260 107
Huron 318 47
Lake 148 46
Lorain 317 48
Mahoning 268 53
Medina 271 44
Portage 323 76
Richland 318 55
Stark 367 47
Summit 264 49
Trumbull 397 91
Wayne 353 39

All counties 5,127 1,028

1/ Source: Area of the U. S.

1950.

acres
19 217 81
26 333 74
23 264 77
19 237 81
14 146 86
41 153 59
15 271 85
31 102 69
15 269 85
20 215 80
16 227 84
24 247 76
17 263 83
13 320 87
19 215 81
23 306 77
11 314 89
20 4,099 80

U. S. Bureau of the Census,

Table 3.--Commercial forest area by forest type and

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 2.--Commercial forest area by ownership class, 1952

Ownership class

Public:
State
County & municipal

Total public
Private:

Farm
Industrial & other

Total private

All ownerships

Commercial forest area

Thousand Percent

acres

ED, ee

11 Baal

23 PHS

613 esa

368 36.6

981 97.7

1,004 100.0

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

(In thousands of acres)

stand-size class,

1952

: : Large > Small > Pole- : Seedling:Nonstocked
Forest type : Total sawtimber: sawtimber: timber:& sapling: and other
: stands stands : stands: stands areas
Percent
Oak-pine 8 0.8 a == == a ==
Oak-hickory 360 35.8 94 42 132 82 10
Oak-gum 46 4.6 9 10 21 6 aS
Elm-ash-
cottonyood 326 32.9 94 Tfal 138 23 ==
Maple-beech 264 26.3 144 30 54 36 ==
All types 1,004 100.0 345 153 345 151 10
Percent 100.0 34.4 15.2 34.4 15.0 10)

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 4.--Sawtimber volume on commercial forest area by species
and stand=-size class, 1952
(In million board-feet)

; : Large : Small : Pole- : Seedling
Species ; Total : sawtimber: sawtimber: timber: & saplin
> stands : stands : stands: ceeacu
Percent

Pine 11 0.4 11 2 aS aS
Other softwoods 47 1.6 36 10 1 ==
White oak 198 6.9 169 24 3 2
Other white oaks 60 Pho dl 32 19 8 1
Black oak 113 4.0 91 13 9 5
Northern red oak 194 6.8 133 44 14 3
Scarlet oak 22 8 18 3 i --
Other red oaks 86 3.0 49 18 18 at
Hickory 98 3.4 64 21 12 1
Ash 191 6.7 131 49 ae! 2S
American elm 465 16.3 294 117 40 14
Slippery elm 93 3.2 57 23 ILS i
Cottonwood 27 5@) 10 16 1 ==
Yellow-poplar 125 4.4 69 42 10 4
Sugar maple 336 IIb ots} 310 16 7 3
Soft maple 190 6.6 134 42 14 ==
Sycamore 68 2.4 47 18 2 i
Beech 291 10.2 254 32 5 ==
Black walnut 23 ots} 17 rs) 1 ——
Post species2 18 6 a7 1 -- --
Other hardwoods 202 Cea 138 40 21 3

All species 2,858 100.0 2,081 553 191 33

Percent 100.0 UBat33 19.4 6.7 Ig aL

ay Includes the volume on nonstocked and other areas.
2/ See page 32 for species list.

*SSVTO TOJOWLIP YOUT-OT 394} FO 4eeF-prv0Og UOTTTTW Z SApnToUT /t

(on |

6°GL 8ST ‘IL

(SS)

0°OOT

quooteg

96T T9T est L9Z Tc LUE ISP Lov COP 8S8‘c setoeds [ly
-- c c 8T TI Be CP Be 8S 20% spoompiey 19410
-- -- -- -- Z Zz Ib 7 € 8ST Setoeds 4S0q
-- -- -- 9 -- il G js P EZ ynuTem yoetg”
y reid Te SP 9€ LY 8P LG (A 16% yooog
-- P TI 9 8 Se 8 oL 9 89 aroweohS
6 ST L al oe fat o£ O€ 9€ O6T etdew 4Fo¢S
P LZ €% SE OL os 6E fof oP 9eE etTdew resng
-- -- MAL Ta 9T Go PT Le CT Gol Ie{Tdod-moT Tax
-- -- v € -- SG Z 8 € LZ POOMUOI4OD
G Ot € Z vI 91 A 6T Di €6 wte Azeddttg
eS 92 he stg os 9€ PL 08 (As) GOD WTS UvdoTIOUY
-- S OT 61 GT TZ GE TS Te T6T usy
-- -- -- OT L 6 LT 9% (aire 86 AXOYOTH
-- -- c Zz Yd CT 9T (Ad be 98 syeo pei 138410
-- T -- 8 Zz S Zz -- P Zo YBO JOTIVOS
ep MA OT at TI 9T 82 9% 6% V6T yevo pet usoyiION
ST 02 8 91 91 Zz cI 8 OT et yeo yoetgd
G -- Tele =~ ( 6 9 Cir GT 09 Sy¥eO O4TYM 128440
oS 9 9 6 14 oe Of eZ 6T 86T Yeo 84TUM
=-- -- -- -- -- c PI oI 91 /T LY SpoomyFos 19440
-- -- Tat -- -- -- -- -- -- WE aut
+82 9% ie (A 02 Cit 33 Soret. UL ret [e104 conoode

(soyout) SseTo Ja,oUeTp-seI]

(39eJ-paevoq UOTTTTu UT)

CS6L ‘SSeTO TO,JOWeSTP-901} pue satdoeds Aq Bare 1S9LTOF TETOIOWWOD UO SWNTOA TEqUTIMeS--"G OTQeL

OIHO NYALSVAHLYON

10

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 6.--Hardwood sawtimber volume by species group

and log grade, 1952

Species group ie ae * Log grade 1 Log grade 2 Log grade 3
Million Million Percent Million Percent Million Percent
board- board- board- board-
feet feet feet feet
White enka 258 24 9 19 8 71S) 83
Red bakee! 415 47 ital 18 4 350 85
Hickory 98 == =—— 3 3 95 97
Elms 558 73 13 68 v2 417 75
Yellow-poplar 125 25 20 19 15 81 65
Sugar maple 336 47 14 41 12 248 74
Other hardwoods 1,010 76 8 83 8 851 84
All hardwoods 2,800 292 10 251 9 2,257 81

iy Includes white oak, chestnut oak, and other white oaks.
2/ Includes black oak, northern red oak, and other red oaks.

ait

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 7.--Total cubic volume of sound material on commercial forest
area by species and class of material, 1952

(In million cubic feet)

: 5 Growing stock ; Other material

' : SOURS : :Sawtimber trees:Pole-: >Cull :Hardwood

ELISE 8 ooune :Total: Sawlog :Upper :tim- :Total:trees: limbs

en: :portion : stem: ber : THING Boho

Pine 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.2 oS => SS ==
Other softwoods 10.6 HORS stl 1.0 Ths Ore 0.3 ==
White oak 51.7 39.8 29.8 4.1 5.9 11.9 oth il 6 2
Other white oaks 24.2 18.9 OV6) pelo 7.4 Oe Lag 3.4
Black oak 29.6 22.8 17.4 2.4 35.0) 6.8 .4 6.4
Northern red oak 57.0 44.0 29.9 4.5 9.6 S10) 1.9 Tea
Scarlet oak 6.6 4.4 Sis 5) 6 Diet2s ad WS
Other red oaks Silo) 26.5 ULS}55) Zed 10.7 4.7 te 4.5
Hickory 50.3 43.2 15.6 7A) Zone toll 1.4 iol)
Ash 71.0 Bia) 5 dl SORE 4.2 20.8 15.9 3.4 WAS
American elm 156.6 LPNS) 53) TAGS Ibs} 40 39.8 sles 6.0 PNB) 5 8
Slippery elm 35) 5 7/ 29.0 14.4 PA5 3) Ae 8} Glad 1.4 By5 3
Cottonwood 7.4 5.9 4.4 58) 6 1.9 ad INE xe)
Yellow-poplar 32.4 24.4 MOR 1.8 3.4 8.0 Sal 7.9
Sugar maple 103.2 73.1 ay ail 6.9 i Send! 30.1 8.5 21.6
Soft maple 80.7 Siler: 29.7 4.6 22.8 23.6 10.0 13.6
Sycamore 17.9 174. 7/ 10.3 lea2) ee, Die 8 4.4
Beech 106.5 58.9 43.1 6.4 9.4 47.6 22.0 25.6
Black walnut 8.4 6.8 3.6 5 U 74.8) 1.6 .4 aw
Post species LAF 10.1 2.9 nf) 6.7 Die: 9 he
Other hardwoods 97.0 74.4 S2u2 4.9 Si/ oe) 22.6 8.3 14.3
Noncommercial 10.4 =S -- -- -- 10.4 9.6 .8
All species 1,002.4 744.1 AWN) (ajq4) Pesos) Abissas) 7/40 79s

1/ Sound bole volume only.
2/ Limbs of both merchantable and cull hardwood trees of sawtimber
size, to a minimum diameter of 4.0 inches inside bark.

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 8.--Cubic volume of growing stock on commercial forest
area by species and stand-size class, 1952

(In million cubic feet)

3 > Large > small : Pole- :Seedling

Species : Total > sawtimber: sawtimber: timber:& saplin

= : stands : stands : stands: eee eee)

Percent

Pine ib ats} OR 1.8 == == ==
Other softwoods 10.3 1.4 Uo 2.0 0.4 BS
White oak 39.8 Bo) 290 6.8 Bo dl 0.4
Other white oaks 18.9 2.6 tG52 oak 4.6 0
Black oak BPR oe Sig dl I) T/ 4.8 7 G2 pil
Northern red oak 44.0 5) oS) 26.3 OT 65 45)
Scarlet oak 4.4 6 3.4 6 .4 SS
Other red oaks 26.5 3.6 10.8 6.5 8.9 58)
Hickory 43.2 sts} INS35 7 9.0 14.4 iho i
Ash 5S), J! 7.4 30.1 io &) Oe 2 ==
American elm oS 16.8 63.6 S2}98) 25.6 23
Slippery elm 29.0 3.9 14.4 8.4 6.2 ==
Cottonwood 3.9 sf Ls 7 Boll 5 tf =>
Yellow-poplar 24.4 Boe 12.4 8.3 2.9 8
Sugar maple Usio dl 9.8 59.9 6.7 Bo Woe
Soft maple Sil! et 30.1 6S ORG sal
Sycamore WA 7/ 57 oe) So oO 32
Beech 58.9 ia) 47.2 8.2 SG dl .4
Black walnut 6.8 9 33,9) 2.0 9 =>
Post species Oa 1.4 6.2 58! Bo 503}
Other hardwoods 74.4 10.0 315)6@ 15.4 aL oP Zhe
All species 744.1 100.0 433.6 168.8 130.2 IL Ge)
Percent 100.0 58.3 PNP 7) W/o) LoS)

L/ Includes the volume on nonstocked and other areas.

13

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 9.--Cubic volume of growing stock on commercial forest area
by stand-size class and tree-diameter class, 1952

(In million cubic feet)

Tree-diameter: Stand-size class Sesh :
class : Large >: Small Snes Seedling +1, 5505 Percent
(inches) : sawtimber: sawtimber: :& sapling=: :
6 15.0 Vy tf 31.0 6 60.3 Sil:
8 25.0 24.3 34.9 Boul Sis UA e/
10 310)5 7/ 29.0 29S .8 89.8 ibe IE
i S156 1/ Stes) a IL Gii 90.8 eh
14 42.5 SOns c/o 1.0 86.9 TST
16 60.8 14.6 4.2 8 80.4 10.8
18 48.2 153 3.9 == 59S 8.0
20 49.7 2.4 LSS .6 54.5 (hss
22 41.4 eS IL gt! 3 44.8 6.0
24 28.6 eS a2, == 30.1 4.0
26 24.9 =— ed, == 26.6 3.6
28+ Se{Ojeal iS: Se 1.6 S58! 4.5
Total 433.6 168.8 130.2 ISS) 744.1 100.0

iy) Includes volume on nonstocked and other areas.

14

NORTHEASTERN OHIO

Table 10.--Average volume per acre by stand-size class,

Stand-size class

Large sawtimber stands
Small sawtimber stands
Poletimber stands

Seedling and sapling stands2/

All classes

1/ Growing stock only.
ay; Includes the volume on

Average volume per acre

Board-feet

6 ,032
3,614
594

205

2,847

nonstocked and other areas.

1,256.

1,103.

1952

Cubic feets/

8

3

15

WESTERN OHIO

Table 1.--Forest and nonforest area by county, 1952

5 Total ;

County > land areal/ Forest area Nonforest area

Thousand Thousand Percent Thousand Percent

acres acres acres
Allen 262 24 9 238 91
Auglaize 256 ZN) 10 231 90
Brown 314 49 16 265 84
Butler 301 26 9 275 91
Champaign 277 29 9 252 On
Clark 257 21 8 236 92
Clermont 293 59 20 234 80
Clinton 264 23 9 241 91
Crawford 259 26 10 233 90
Darke 387 25 6 362 94
Defiance 262 31 2 231 88
Delaware 294 26 9 268 91
Fairfield 323 43 13 280 87
Fayette 260 10 4 250 96
Franklin 344 18 5 326 95
Fulton 260 23 9 AEST 91
Greene 266 21 8 245 92
Hamilton 265 53 20 212 80
Hancock 341 25 7 316 93
Hardin 299 24 8 275 92
Henry 266 iL¢/ 6 249 94
Knox 335 48 14 287 86
Licking 439 64 1115) 337/15) 85
Logan 295 26 9 269 91
Lucas 220 26 12 194 88

16

WESTERN OHIO

Table 1.--Forest and nonforest area by county, 1952 (cont.)

County

Madison
Marion
Mercer
Miami
Montgomery

Morrow
Ottawa
Paulding
Pickaway
Preble

Putnam
Sandusky
Seneca
Shelby
Union

Van Wert

Warren
Williams

All counties

it Source:

Total

land real)

Thousand

Forest area :

Thousand Percent

Nonforest area

Thousand Percent

12,950

1,202

Area of the U. S. 1950.

acres
6 280 94
5 245 95
9 266 91
6 245 94
7 278 93
14 224 86
11 150 89
7 247 93
4 311 96
9 249 91
6 291 94
8 241 92
10 319 90
10 236 90
6 260 94
A 244 93
13 226 87
10 241 90
5 376 95
8 238 92
9 11,748 91

U. S. Bureau of the Census.

WESTERN OHIO

Table 2.--Commercial forest area by ownership class, 1952

Ownership class ; Commercial forest area
Thousand Percent
acres
Public:
State 6 OFS
County & municipal 4 53
Total public 10 0.8
Private:
Farm iLy- Lao) 93.4
Industrial & other 69 Doe:
Total private 1 AS) 99.2
All ownerships Ih jaltss2) 100.0

A

WESTERN OHIO

Table 3.--Commercial forest area by forest type and stand-size class, 1952
(In thousands of acres)

8 Large 5 teu) IL 3 > Pole- : Seedling:Nonstocked

Forest type : Total : sawtimber: sawtimber: timber:& sapling: and other
stands : stands : stands: stands : areas

Percent
Oak-pine 5 0.4 == == 5 == ==
Oak-hickory 480 40.4 248 UU 1S 26 16
Oak-gum aL 9 -- 6 5 => ==
Elm-ash-

cottonwood 578 48.6 232 ies 206 65 iS
Maple-beech IS) ©) 7 91 al 8 5 ==
All types 1,189 100.0 Syr/il 166 337 96 19
Percent 100.0 48.0 14.0 28.3 Sa 6

WESTERN OHIO

Table 4.--Sawtimber volume on commercial forest area by species and
stand-size class, 1952

(In million board-feet)

Large : Small >Pole- :Seedling
Species Total :sawtimber :sawtimber :timber & sapling
: stands stands :Sstands : crane
Percent

Softwoods 1 (2/) (2/) it == —_
White oak 404 9.5 356 32 16 S=
Chestnut oak 23 210 2 20 1 =
Other white oaks 230 5.4 216 14 (2/) (2/)
Black oak 118 74,633 93 7 8 ==
Northern red oak 332 7.8 293 34 4 1
Scarlet oak B7/ ibe 3 43 13 iu ==
Other red oaks IWSi7/ 3.2 68 66 3 =
Hickory 382 9.0 310 52 20 ==
White ash 299 Tha) 204 84 8 3
Black ash 31 mall 23 i) 3 =
American elim pall 67 572 102 34 3
Slippery elm eZ ZAG 87 20 5 =
Cottonwood 87 2 Ib 78 2 4 3
Yellow-poplar 52 vores 26 Ie 7 ==
Sugar maple. 296 7.0 XT 29 10 ==
Soft maple 220 5.2 199 20 1 ==
Sycamore 203 4.8 178 15 7 3
Beech 179 4.2 172 7 == >=
Black walnut 86 PAO) 53 20 13 ==
Post species 5 oil iL 1 3 ==
Other hardwoods 295 6.9 183 69 40 3

All species 4,260 100.0 3,414 642 188 16

Percent 100.0 80.1 WS) 1 4.4 4

ay Includes the volume on nonstocked and other areas.
2/ Less than 0.5 mil!ion board-feet or 0.05 percent.

19

‘quooaed go*o ueyy ssoq /T

8°% 6° 2, op T°6 9'Gls ONC © Shel <987T = @ IT (/t) 0°00T yusd1e8g
ELT LTT 602 LoE 68E 9€S LES 68S 1Z9 80S T 09% ‘hr setoeds TIV
-- At OT €% ve Se Iv ree) v9 6% spoompsey 19440
== == as a rate sim oar = \t v fe sotoseds 4sog
- -- T -- € € 8T ‘A €% 9T 98 qynuytem your”
- -- -~ ei Se Zp Te 6% 9T Il 6LI yooog
8 8 Le nes 82 ST Wel LZ 8T €02 arowBohs
eT OT 8T J) 6T 9£ ee Ge €% 8T 022 etdew yfos
6 eit 0S Te 09 OV 8% IS Ze 962% etTdeu sedng
- -- -- LI 2; -- 8 z jet L ZS teTdod-moT Tax
- S G 9 oS ST ST Weyl S € L8 POOMU0} 3409
-- ~~ 8 € L Wit 9€ 02 02 SE aia ute Aroddttg
EZ 6T vP 19 GL PL 66 POT L6 OL yen. uyTo UBoTIOWY
- -- -- a =. td 7 € 8 S L Te yse xorg
at € i PT LZ Te LE Lv efei 19 66z yse o4TUM
8 -- 9T L GP 9S Sg 86 18 ZBE ALOYOTH
- -- -- (3 ol 61 eT 92 LZ 02 LET syeo port 19440
- € S € € yt a PT S L LS Yeo YOTARIOS
2S 6 8P al 1S) TS Ze 6% oS (Ate cee yewo pot usoyyION
- 9 (ait 0S ST ei All ST OT vet SII yeo yout”
IZ v OT 9% 6T LE 6T 4 02 ST 0€% SYVO 24TYM 19430
- -- -~ -- -- -- G ob; ), v ES yeo ynuysayO
id ee 92 GP LE 9€ os Se ee ete vOv yeo O4TUM
ne He == = = = 5 25 =e 2S com il Ti SpOOM4FOS
Ofna Bess) SOC Spc Gol (So Se eS eo OT et 1 OT PLP RISTS SjOr ene: ahnaade

(SOYyoUT) SSBTO TO OWeTpP-deL] : :

(J00J-pavoq UoTTTTU UT)

ZG6L ‘SSeTO 19}OWeTpP-9013 pue satoads Aq evore JSOTOF TVTOTOWWOD UO OWNTOA TOquTyMeSg--"sG OTQey

OIHO NYaLsaM

20

WESTERN OHIO

Table 6.--Hardwood sawtimber volume by species group

and log grade, 1952

Total =:

Species group pi 2 WM a Log grade 1 : Log grade 2 Log grade 3
Million Million Million Million
board- board- Percent board- Percent board- Percent
feet feet feet feet
White seieetll! 657 150 23 47 i 460 70
Red oaks2 644 76 1D 28 4 540 84
Hickory 382 30 8 66 W7/ 286 75
Elms 823 180 22 95 11 548 67
Yellow-poplar 52 == == 15 29 37 Tat
Sugar maple 296 41 14 29 10 226 76
Other hardwoods 1,405 160 ial 132 10 1,113 79
All hardwoods 4,259 637 tS 412 10 8} 5 ALO) 715

al Includes white oak, chestnut oak, and other white oaks.
2/ Includes black oak, northern red oak, and other red oaks.

21

WESTERN OHIO

Table 7.--Total cubic volume of sound material on commercial forest
area by species and class of material, 1952

(In million cubic feet)

Total Growing stock : Other material
: : 5 :Sawtimber trees:Pole-: :Cull :Hardwood
2DEELES 2 sound :Total: Sawlog :Upper :tim- :Total:trees: limbs
material i
: 2 :portion : stem : ber : oii jak 2/

Softwoods 0.3 Ons O22 == O.1 s= == ==
White oak 99.7 TPA 60.3 Oy to | 22, LS 21.4
Chestnut oak 6.3 4.7 35 7/ -6 .4 IES == as
Other white oaks 62.4 47.9 Som a8 6.9) 4S Pav il 12.4
Black oak S358) 24.7 18.1 ZAG 4.0 U2 .4 6.8
Northern red oak 85.8 63.7 3ORuE 6.9 Gd. vaegnel Sig it 19.0
Scarlet oak 14.7 10.4 Sf 2 So Aas 8 Sig
Other red oaks 41.9 sil el! 3.0 (24 VO.4 2.0 8.4
Hickory SS LOW 6 Be)5 7 Sao 39-6) 250116 BARS, 22
White ash 105.6 83.4 46.9 a0 PAE VAS NPA SV 4.4 17.8
Black ash 2S Ot 510) 8 315) 5} yal a) 2.2
American elm 224.2 166.4 109.7 18.4 Sor3—e571. 8 Take 42.1
Slippery elm 44.5 315) 52 INE, 52 Ze 15.4 8.6 UST, 6.9
Cottonwood 21.9 is) sab 13.4 SS) .8 5) ake: .8 50
Yellow-poplar 14.1 Tig Wei 7.8 29 24 3.0 (3/) 3.0
Sugar maple 94.3 63.6 44.9 6.6 eal. Be SOL RL O AG 2051
Soft maple d3)0 46.2 $3535 7/ 5.4 Cie Qian 9 Muley 16.0
Sycamore 32/16 39.4 30.2 3.6 a6) Lan 1.4 ELES
Beech 74.0 34.1 26m Ss 4.0 Sts) Paw) oe AGS 19.6
Black walnut se, 24.0 13.6 PAE 7.8 hiwie 2310 Dez
Post species Ie) 5 5 Se UL 10) 2 Tiel 6.2 3.8 2.4
Other hardwoods ILI T/ O) 81.8 46.6 tf etl Zio) JooR2 plete ZT
Noncommercial 5.4 == => == == 5.4 4.8 6
All species 1,366.9 992.8 653.9 99). 4) (2395) S74. 1 L046 oO 7 bere

ay, Sound bole volume only.

ay, Limbs of both merchantable and cull hardwood trees of sawtimber
size, to a 4-inch minimum diameter.

3/ Less than 0.05 million cubic feet or 0.05 percent.

WESTERN OHIO

Table 8.--Cubic volume of growing stock on commercial forest
area by species and stand-size class, 1952

(In million cubic feet)

2 Large > Small sPole-= = Seedling
Species : Total s;sawtimber :sawtimber :timber :& sapling
: stands : stands :stands : stands
Percent

Sof twoods 0.3 (2/) Oa 0.1 0.1 “=
White oak ilenO 7.8 62.0 8.6 6.3 od
Chestnut oak 4.7 3 50) 3.9 3 i
Other white oaks 47.9 4.8 40.3 ©) 515) 1b.) 2
Black oak 24.7 7D 515) We 3 3.9 3.4 oll
Northern red oak 63.7 6.4 51.6 7.4 4.1 6
Scarlet oak 10.4 iL dl 7.4 Diet Ao) =
Other red oaks So 357 ES niGeel 3.6 Se
Hickory 107.6 10.8 71.9 Wo U IL{S}5 al 53
White ash 83.4 8.4 45.2 26.0 11.4 .8
Black ash 9.7 if. @) 5) 2.8 +8) ae
American elm 166.4 16.8 119.8 PX ol 18.3 .6
Slippery elm 335) 8) 3.6 748) 5 3! Todt 5.4 s dt
Cottonwood Gea 1.6 14.5 50) 8 +)
Yellow-poplar iLL 5 dk Io il 4.7 4.4 2.0 Ss
Sugar maple 63.6 6.4 50.8 9.0 3.8 =>
Soft maple 46.2 4.7 40.2 Boil 9 ==
Sycamore 39.4 4.0 31.5 3.3 4.1 5)
Beech 34.1 3.4 31.6 1.4 DF ll ==
Black walnut 24.0 2.4 11.4 6.2 6.4 =o
Post species 1335.8} 1.3 8 -6 eS 6
Other hardwoods 81.8 8.2 43.4 SiS 18.9 5
All species 992.8 100.0 685.5 178.1 123.4 5.8
Percent 100.0 69.1 W758) Leo! .6

yf Includes the volume on nonstocked and other areas.
2/ Less than 0.05 cubic feet or 0.05 percent.

WESTERN OHIO

Table 9.--Cubic volume of growing stock on commercial forest area

by stand-size class and tree-diameter class, 1952

(In million cubic feet)

Tree-diameter: Stand-size class > Aaa =

class ; Large > Small EPoletimber: Seedling ‘classes: creent
(inches) : sawtimber: sawtimber: :& saplingl: :

6 Loyes 9.5 26.0 6 92.9 BAe:

8 30.0 22.4 34.6 ibe dt 88.1 8.9

10 43.7 27.0 2A 3) oul! 98.7 9.9

a, 50.8 36.9 RS a LOM 22, 10.2

14 70.0 B7/ gill 8.0 .8 LA 9 EAD? /

16 81.7 Se 2 D8: .8 106.0 LOR

18 79.3 11.9 LZ == 92.9 9.3

20 80.7 Wed. 2.6 == 91.0 9.2

22 59.6 D7 .4 316 65.8 6.6

24 49.8 .7 es) == Divas B57

26 34.4 3 == == 34.7 3k

28 17.8 .6 Ie 3 == Ie) 5 Tf 2.0

30 30.6 -6 == -6 31.8 See

32 41.3 == 130 == 42.3 4.3

Total 685.5 IWS cl 123.4 Dio 992.8 100.0

ip) Includes volume on nonstocked and other areas.

24

WESTERN OHIO

Table 10.--Average volume per acre by stand-size class, 1952

Stand-size class

Board-feet
Large sawtimber stands 9,979
Small sawtimber stands 3,867
Poletimber stands 558
Seedling and sapling stands2/ 139
All classes SROs

Lys Growing stock only.
Includes the volume on nonstocked areas.

2/

Average volume per acre

Cubic Berens Ly!

1,200.5

25

FOREST SURVEY METHODS

The inventory of the forest resources of Western and North-
eastern Ohio involved an office study of aerial photographs and a
field examination of randomly selected forest and nonforest plots.

The percentage of forest land in each county was obtained by
placing a transparent template marked with uniformly spaced dots
Over aerial photographs and counting the number of dots falling
on forest and nonforest areas. The percentage of forest dots ina
county, multiplied by the total area gave a preliminary estimate of
the forest area. This was later adjusted after field examination
indicated the number of plots that had changed since the aerial
photos were taken.

A selected number of forest dots were marked on the photo-
graphs. The acre surrounding each dot was examined under stereo-
scope and was classified by stand-size class on the basis of the
height, crown width, and number of trees on the plot. Plots to be
examined in the field were then randomly drawn. In drawing,
greatest weight was given to the stand-size classes containing the
largest timber volume. In addition, nonforest plots were selected
for field examination to measure the conversion of open land to
forest since the photographs were taken.

The selected field plots were marked on the photographs.
Field crews located these points on the ground and established
1/5-acre circular plots for which species, size, quality, and
growth of trees and other data were recorded.

The following tabulation gives the number of dots and plots
examined for each region.

Western North-
Region eastern
Region
Number of photo dots counted for
forest-area determination 123 ,769 48 ,073
Number of plots stereoscopically
examined on photos 4,109 2,395
Number of forest plots field examined 632 426
Number of nonforest plots field examined 21 41

26

ACCURACY OF DATA

Statistical analysis of the commercial forest-area and
timber-volume data shows the following sampling errors2/ for each
Region:

COMMERCIAL FOREST AREA : GROWING-STOCK VOLUME
Total : Sampling error : Total : Sampling error
Thousand Million
acres Percent cubic feet Percent
Western 1,189 ft 2:.6 992.8 pes
Northeastern 1,004 CaS TAA. 1 pa 3119

These estimates of sampling error do not include errors
resulting from mistakes in measurement or judgment. All phases
of field and office work were closely supervised to keep such
errors to a minimum. Since the percentage error increases with
each subdivision of the total, small acreages or volumes may have
large errors and may therefore indicate only relative magnitudes.

Zu) At one standard deviation; that is, the chances are two
out of three that the calculated acreages and volumes do not differ
from the totals that would have been obtained by 100-percent measure-
ment by more than the errors shown in the tabulation.

Forest

Forest

28

/
EXPLANATION OF TERMS

f
/

land.--Includes (a) land which is at least 10 percent stocked
by trees of any size and capable of producing timber or other
wood products, or of exerting an influence on the climate or
on the water regime; (b) land from which the trees described
in (a) have been removed to less than 10 percent stocking and
which have not been developed for other use; (c) afforested
areas.

The minimum area that qualifies as forest land is one acre.
Strips of timber must be at least 120 feet wide to qualify.
Conversely, clearings, streams, and unimproved treeless
strips less than one acre in area or less than 120 feet in
width within forest areas are classified as forest land. Im-
proved rights-of-way such as graded roads, railroads, or
transmission lines are classified as nonforest regardless of
width.

Commercial forest land.--Forest land which is (a) producing,
or physically capable of producing, usable crops of wood
(usually sawtimber), (b) economically available now or pros-
pectively, and (c) not withdrawn from timber utilization.

Noncommercial forest land.--Forest land withdrawn from timber
utilization through statute, ordinance, or administrative
order but which otherwise qualifies as commercial forest
land.

types

Oak-pine.--Forests in which 50 percent or more of the stand
is hardwoods, usually upland oaks, but in which southern
pines make up 25-49 percent of the stand. (Common asso-
ciates include gum, hickory, and yellow-poplar.)

Oak-hickory.--Forests in which 50 percent or more of the
stand is upland oaks or hickory, singly or in combination,
except where pines comprise 25-49 percent in which case
the stand would be classified 'oak-pine.'"’ (Common associ-
ates include yellow-poplar, elm, maple, and black walnut.)

Oak-gum.--Bottom-land forests in which 50 percent or more
of the stand is tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, or oaks, singly
or in combination. (Common associates include cottonwood,
willow, ash, elm, hackberry, and maple.)

Elm-ash-cottonwood.--Forests in which 50 percent or more
of the stand is elm, ash, or cottonwood, singly or in com-
bination. (Common associates include willow, sycamore,
beech, and maple.)

Maple-beech.--Forests in which 50 percent or more of the
stand is sugar maple or beech, singly or in combination.
(Common associates include hemlock, elm, basswood, and
white pine.)

Aspen.--Forests in which 50 percent or more of the stand
is aspen or balsam poplar, singly or in combination.

Tree classes

Volume

Sawtimber tree.--A live softwood (coniferous) tree at least
$.0 inches d.b.h. or live hardwood tree of commercial
species at least 11.0 inches d.b.h., with a sound butt

log at least 8 feet long, or with at least half of the
gross board-foot volume of the tree in sound material.

Poletimber tree.--A live, sound tree at least 5.0 inches
d.b.h. but less than sawtimber size that gives promise of
becoming a sawtimber tree.

Seedling and sapling trees.--Trees of commercial species
less than 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height.

Cull tree.--A live tree at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. that
does not qualify as a sawtimber or poletimber tree because
of species, poor form, limbiness, rot, or other defect.

estimates

Board-foot volume includes the sound volume of sawlogs in
sawtimber trees to a minimum top d.i.b. of 6 inches for
softwoods and 8 inches for hardwoods. Volume deductions
have been made for rot, crook, and other defects. Board-
foot volumes are shown in terms of the International 1/4-
inch log rule, which measures the approximate yeild of
green lumber cut to standard specifications.

29

Cubic-foot volume

Total volume includes the sound wood inside bark in
both sound and cull living trees 5.0 inches d.b.h.
and larger, from the stump to a minimum top diameter
of 4.0 inches inside bark. It includes the upper
stems of softwood trees and the upper stems and
limbs of hardwoods.

Growing stock includes the volume of sound wood in-
side bark in the stem portion of sawtimber and pole-
timber trees from stump to a minimum top d.i.b. of

4 inches.

Stand-size class

Large sawtimber.--Stands having a net volume of 1,500 or more
board-feet per acre in sawtimber trees, and having more than
half of this volume in trees 15.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Small sawtimber.--Stands having a net volume of 1,500 or more
board-feet per acre in sawtimber trees, and having at least
half of this volume in trees smaller than 15.0 inches d.b.h.

Poletimber.--Stands failing to meet the sawtimber-stand
specifications, but at least 10 percent stocked with pole-
timber and larger trees and with at least half the minimum
stocking in poletimber trees.

Seedlings and saplings.--Stands not qualifying as either
sawtimber or poletimber stands but having at least 150
seedlings and saplings of commercial species per acre.

Nonstocked.--Commercial forest land not qualifying for any
other class.

Hardwood log grades

30

Grade 1.--Butt logs at least 13.0 inches (uppers at least
16 inches) in diameter inside bark with five-sixths of the
surface on the three best faces clear of defect in not more
than two cuttings, (minimum length of cutting variable,

3-7 feet, depending upon log diameter and position in tree).
Minimum log length 12 feet. On the average such logs will
yield at least 65 percent No. 1 common and better lumber.

Grade 2.--Logs at least 11 inches in diameter inside bark
with two-thirds of the surface on the three best faces clear
of defect in not more than three cuttings, (minimum length
of cutting, 3 feet). Minimum log length 12 feet. On the
average such logs will yield at least 40 percent No. 1
common and better lumber.

Grade 3.--Merchantable liogs at least 8.0 inches in diameter
inside bark at the small end, 8 feet long, and 50 percent
sound which do not meet the requirements of higher grades.
On the average such logs will yield less than 25 percent
No. 1 common and better lumber or will be suitable for ties
or timbers.

31

Softwoods

Principal Tree Species

Pine includes:

"Other softwoods"

Hardwoods

Shortleaf pine

Pitch pine
Virzinia pine

Eastern white pine

includes:

Eastern redcedar
Eastern hemlock

Baldcypress

Exotic conifers (Scotch pine

Norway spruce,

White oak

Chestnut oak
"Other white oaks’
Swamp white oak
Swamp chestnut oak

Post oak
Overcup oak
Bur oak
Chinkapin oak

Black oak
Northern red oak
Scarlet oak

“Other red oaks”

etc.)

includes:

includes:

Southern red oak

Pin oak
Willow oak
Shingle oak

Hickory
White ash includes:

White ash
Green ash

1/ Source of nomenclature:

Naturalized Trees of the U. S.,
Service, Washington, D. C., 1953.

32

A. jf

Pinus echinat

P. rigida

a

P. virginiana

P. strobus

Juniperus vir

giniana

Tsuga canaden
Taxodium dist

Cuercus alba
@. prinus

bicolor
michauxii
stellata
lyrata

velutina
rubra
coccinea

IAJOJOIO|O[oIOJa 10

falcata
palustris
phellos

Q|O},O\o|9

rya spp.

Fraxinus amer

sis
ichum

macrocarpa

gil

muehlenber

imbricaria

icana
ica

F. pennsylvan

Check List of the Native and

Agriculture Handbook No.

41, Forest

Black ash includes:
Black ash
Blue ash
Slippery elm
"Other elms" includes:
American elm
Rock elm
Winged elm
Cottonwood includes:
Eastern cottonwood
Swamp cottonwood
Yellow-poplar
Sugar maple includes:
Sugar maple
Black maple
Soft maple includes:
Boxelder
Red maple
Silver maple
Sycamore
Beech
Black walnut

re " 5
"Post speciss" includes:

Black locust
Catalpa
Osage-or-nge
Red mulberry
Sassafras

"Other hardwoods’ includes all other
commercial hardwood species.

us ‘e al al
Noncommercial species

hophornbeam, hornbeam,

F. nigra
F. quadrangulata
Ulmus rubra

americana
thomasii
alata

ISsjolc

Populus deltoides
P. heterophylla
Liriodendron tulipifera

Acer saccharum
A. nigrum

negundo

rubrum

A. saccharinum
Platanus occidentalis
Fagus grandifolia
Juglans nigra

Py ey =

Robinia pseudoacacia
Catalpa spp.

Maclura pomifera
Morus rubra
Sassafras albidum

includes hawthorn, redbud,
serviceberry, and others.

33

me

‘
.

-_ z of ae 4 SHO 3
qua Wsn4 Q A
; te Sulane ofqsm |
: ; rabexee: <1)
“f ; es

ban! : |

Ps ro

TERRITORY. SERVED BY THE
CENTRAL STATES FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION
FOREST SERVICE

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

oO
MISSOURI

A

& C.S.F E.S. HEADQUARTERS

O RESEARCH CENTER

A EXPERIMENTAL FOREST