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Field Museum
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Natural History
GENERAL GUIDE
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CHICAGO, U. S. A.
THE FIELD MUSEUM LIBRARY
OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF FIELD MUSEUM
In addition to this General Guide to the collections, Field Mu-
seum of Natural History has a series of special guides covering in
detail certain sections of the exhibits. These special guides are more
than mere direction books — they include much interesting, instructive
and entertaining material on the subjects with which they deal. A
price list of these appears on page 56.
A Handbook of Field Museum of Natural History, containing a
comprehensive survey of the activities of the institution, with data on
its history, organization, expeditions, endowments, etc., is available
at 25 cents.
The Museum also publishes four series of Leaflets on scientific
subjects, written in popular style. Thirty-three such leaflets have
been published in the Anthropological Series; twenty-two in the
Botanical Series; fourteen in the Geological Series; and fifteen on
zoological subjects.
A Design Series is available, which is of particular value to those
interested in design work, arts, and handicrafts.
A list of the Leaflets and the Design Series, with prices, begins
on page 51 of this Guide.
Scientific Publications of the Museum, of a more technical
nature and primarily intended for distribution among other museums,
libraries, and institutions of learning, are also obtainable by
individuals. Lists and prices may be had on application.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2016
https://archive.org/details/generalguidefield1938
Photograph by Henry Fuermann and Sons, Chicago
Field Museum of Natural History
Founded by Marshall Field, 1893
GENERAL GUIDE
NINETEENTH EDITION
!»srui
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
1938-39
BEQUESTS
Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in
securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take
the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the
giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the
following form is suggested:
FORM OF BEQUEST
I do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural
History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois,
, £ .
Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field
Museum of Natural History to an amount not in excess of 15
per cent of the taxpayer’s net income are allowable as deductions
in computing net income for federal income tax purposes.
Endowments may be made to the Museum with the provision
that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime.
These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in amount,
and may reduce federal income taxes.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
OFFICERS
Stanley Field, President
Albert A. Sprague, First Vice-President
James Simpson, Second Vice-President
Albert W. Harris, Third Vice-President
Clifford C. Gregg, Director and Secretary
Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Sewell L. Avery
Leopold E. Block
William J. Chalmers
Albert B. Dick, Jr.
Joseph N. Field
Marshall Field
Stanley Field
Albert W. Harris
Samuel Insull, Jr.
Charles A. McCulloch
William H. Mitchell
George A. Richardson
Theodore Roosevelt
Fred W. Sargent
James Simpson
Solomon A. Smith
Albert A. Sprague
Silas H. Strawn
John P. Wilson
LIST OF STAFF
DIRECTOR
Clifford C. Gregg
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator
Henry Field, Curator , Physical Anthropology
Albert B. Lewis, Curator, Melanesian Ethnology
Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator, African Ethnology
C. Martin Wilbur, Curator, Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology
Edna Horn Mandel, Associate, Chinese Collections
Bichard A. Martin, Curator, Near Eastern Archaeology
A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate, American Archaeology
T. George Allen, Research Associate, Egyptian Archaeology
Tokumatsu Ito, Ceramic Restorer
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. Dahlgren, Chief Curator
Paul C. Standley, Curator, Herbarium
J. Francis Macbride, Associate Curator, Herbarium
Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator, Herbarium
Llewelyn Williams, Curator, Economic Botany
Francis Drouet, Curator, Cryptogams
Samuel J. Record, Research Associate, Wood Technology
A. C. Noe, Research Associate, Paleobotany
E. E. Sherff, Research Associate, Systematic Botany
Emil Sella, Assistant, Laboratory
Milton Copulos, Assistant, Laboratory
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
Henry W. Nichols, Chief Curator
Elmer S. Riggs, Curator, Paleontology
Bryan Patterson, Assistant Curator, Paleontology
James H. Quinn, Assistant, Paleontology
Paul McGrew, Assistant, Paleontology
Sharat K. Roy, Curator, Geology
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
Wilfred H. Osgood, Chief Curator
Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator, Mammals
Rudyerd Boulton, Curator, Birds
C. E. Hellmayr, Associate Curator, Birds
Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator, Birds
H. B. Conover, Research Associate, Birds
Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds
R. Magoon Barnes, Curator, Birds' Eggs
Karl P. Schmidt, Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles
Alfred C. Weed, Curator, Fishes
William J. Gerhard, Curator, Insects
Emil Liljeblad, Assistant Curator, Insects
Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates
Edmond N. Gueret, Curator, Anatomy and Osteology
D. Dwight Davis, Assistant Curator, Anatomy and Osteology
TAXIDERMISTS
Julius Friesser
L. L. Pray
W. E. Eigsti
C. J. Albrecht
Leon L. Walters
John W. Moyer
ASSISTANT TAXIDERMISTS
Edgar G. Laybourne
Frank C. Wonder
Frank H. Letl, Preparator of Accessories
DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION
John R. Millar, Curator
A. B. Wolcott, Assistant Curator
THE LIBRARY
Emily M. Wilcoxson, Librarian
Mary W. Baker, Associate Librarian
REGISTRAR AUDITOR
Henry F. Ditzel Benjamin Bridge
bookkeeper
A. L. Stebbins
RECORDER— IN CHARGE OF PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
Elsie H. Thomas
THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION
FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES
Loren P. Woods
PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL
H. B. Harte
Paul G. Dallwig, the Layman Lecturer
DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS
Pearle Bilinske, in charge
DIVISION OF PRINTING
Dewey S. Dill, in charge
EDITORS AND PROOFREADERS
Lillian A. Ross David Gustafson
DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION
C. H. Carpenter, Photographer Carl F. Gronemann, Illustrator
A. A. Miller, Collotyper
Clarence B. Mitchell, Research Associate, Photography
STAFF ARTIST
Arthur G. Rueckert
SUPERINTENDENT OF MAINTENANCE
John E. Glynn
CHIEF ENGINEER
W. H. Corning
William E. Lake, Assistant Engineer
ACTING PURCHASING AGENT
Robert E. Bruce
Margaret M. Cornell, Chief
Miriam Wood
Marie B. Pabst
Leota G. Thomas
Elizabeth Hambleton
6
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
SUBJECT INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Floor Plans Shown on Pages 9, 10, and 11
SUBJECT HALL PAGE
Africa — Ethnology D, E 22,23
Africa — Mammals 22 42
Ainu — Ethnology L 25
Alkalies 37 33
America — Large Mammal Groups 16 39
Amphibians 18 40
Andaman Islands — Ethnology L 25
Asiatic Mammals 17 40
Australia — Ethnology A1 20
Birds — Habitat Groups 20 41
Systematic Collection 21 42
Burma — Ethnology L 25
Central America — Archaeology and Ethnology 8 17
Ceylon — Ethnology L 25
China — Archaeology 24 19
Ethnology 32 19
Jade 30 19
Clays 36 32
Coal 36 32
Crystals 34 29
Diamonds 36,31 32, 44
Domestic Animals, Sculptures of 12 39
Egypt — Archaeology J 24
Textiles J 24
Eskimo — Ethnology 10 18
Etruria — Archaeology 2 15
Europe — Archaeology C 22
Fibers 28 28
Fishes 18 40
Flowers, Reproductions of 29 28
Food Products 25 25
Fossils 38 34
Gems and Jewels 31 44
Greece — Archaeology 2 15
Herbarium Third Floor 29
Historical Geology 38 34
India — Ethnology L 25
Indian Tribes — California 6 16
Great Plains 5 16
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
7
SUBJECT HALL PAGE
Indian Tribes ( continued )
Mexico and Central America 8 17
Nomadic, of Arizona and New Mexico 6 16
Northwest Coast and Salish 10 18
Plateau and Woodland 4 16
Sedentary, of Arizona and New Mexico 7 17
South America 9 18
Southwestern United States 7 17
Italy — Archaeology 2 15
Jewelry 31 44
Korea — Ethnology L 25
Madagascar — Ethnology E 23
Malaysia — Ethnology G 24
Mammals — African 22 42
American, Habitat Groups 16 39
Asiatic, Habitat Groups 17 40
Domestic — British ( sculptures ) 12 39
Horned and Hoofed 13 39
Marine N 44
Systematic Collection 15 39
Maps — Relief 35 30
Marbles 37 33
Marine Invertebrates — Fossil 38 34
Recent 18 40
Mayas — Archaeology 8 17
Melanesia — Ethnology A 20
Meteorites 34 29
Mexico — Archaeology and Ethnology 8 17
Micronesia — Ethnology F 23
Minerals — Systematic Collection 34 29
New Guinea — Ethnology A 20
New Zealand — Ethnology F 23
Nicobar Islands — Ethnology L 25
North America — Archaeology 7, B 17,20
Ores of Precious and Base Metals 37 33
Oriental Theatrical Masks and Costumes 32 19
Pagoda Models from China South Gallery 19
Paleontology 38 34
Palms 25 25
Peru — Archaeology 9 18
Petroleum 36 32
Pewter 23 19
Philippine Islands — Ethnology H 24
8
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
SUBJECT HALL PAGE
Physical Anthropology 3 15
Physical Geology 35 30
Plant Products 25, 28 25, 28
Plants 29 28
Polynesia — Ethnology F 23
Races of Mankind ( sculptures ) 3 15
Reptiles 18 40
Rocks — Systematic Collection 35 30
Sands 36 32
Siam — Ethnology L 25
Siberia — Ethnology L 25
Skeletons — Fossil 38 34
Recent 19 41
South America — Archaeology and Ethnology 9 18
South Pacific — Ethnology A 20
Stone Age C 22
Tibet — Ethnology 32 19
Trees — North American 26 28
Woods — Foreign 27 28
North American 26 28
General exhibits and important recent additions
are to be found in Stanley Field Hall 14
Preface 13
The N. W. Harris Public School Extension 45
The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for
Public School and Children’s Lectures 46
The Library 46
General Museum Information 46
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
9
PLAN OF FIRST OR MAIN FLOOR
Key to Floor Plan
HALL
NUMBER
Selected exhibits from each Department — Stanley Field Hall
2 — Archaeology of Etruria, Italy, and Greece — Edward E. and
Emma B. Ayer Hall and alcoves
3 — Races of Mankind — Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall
4 — Ethnology of Indian Tribes of the Woodland and Southeastern
Areas — James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Hall
5 — Ethnology of the Indian Tribes of the Great Plains — Mary D.
Sturges Hall
6 — Ethnology of the Indian Tribes of California and Nomadic
Tribes of Arizona and New Mexico
7 — Archaeology and Ethnology of Southwestern United States
8 — Archaeology and Ethnology of Mexico and Central America
9 — Archaeology and Ethnology of South America
10 — Ethnology of Eskimo and Indian Tribes of the Northwest Coast
of America
12 — Sculptures of Champion Domestic Animals of Great Britain
13 — Horned and Hoofed Mammals — George M. Pullman Hall
1 5 — Mammals — Systematic
16 — American Mammals — Habitat Groups — Richard T. Crane, Jr.,
Hall
17 — Asiatic Mammals — Habitat Groups — William V. Kelley Hall
18 — Marine Invertebrates, Fishes, Reptiles, and Amphibians —
Albert W. Harris Hall
1 9 — Osteology — Skeletons
20 — Birds — Habitat Groups
2 1 — Birds — Systematic
22 — African Mammals — Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall
10
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR
NUMBER
23 — Pewter — Edward E. Ayer Collection
24 — Archaeology of China — George T. and Frances Gaylord Smith
Hall
25 — Palms — Food Plants
26 — North American Woods — Charles F. Millspaugh Hall
27 — Foreign Woods
28 — Plant Raw Materials and Products
29 — Plant Life
30 — Chinese Jade
31 — Gems and Jewels — H. N. Higinbotham Hall
32 — Ethnology of China and Tibet; Chinese and Tibetan Theatrical
Masks and Costumes
34 — Systematic Minerals, Crystals, and Meteorites
35 — Relief Maps, Systematic Rocks, and Physical Geology — Clarence
Buckingham Hall
36 — Petroleum, Coal, Clays, and Sands
37 — Ores of Precious and Base Metals, Marbles, and Alkalies —
Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall
38 — Historical Geology — Ernest R. Graham Hall
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
11
PLAN OF GROUND FLOOR
Key to Floor Plan
HALL
NUMBER
A — Melanesia, South Pacific — Joseph N. Field Hall
A1 — Ethnology of Australia
B — North American Archaeology
C — Stone Age of the Old World
D — Ethnology of West and Central Africa
E — Ethnology of North, East, and South Africa, and Madagascar
F — Ethnology of Polynesia and Micronesia
G — Ethnology of Malaysia
H — Ethnology of Philippine Islands
J — Archaeology of Egypt
L — Ethnology of Korea, Siberia, India, Burma, Siam, Ceylon,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the Ainu
N — Marine Mammal Habitat Groups
The James Simpson Theatre, the Lecture Hall, the Cafeteria and
unch rooms, and the lavatories are located on this floor.
The central exhibition hall of Field Museum, dedicated to the institution’s President, Mr. Stanley Field
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
13
BRIEF GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
Preface
Field Museum of Natural History was established in 1893. The
founding of an institution of this importance and character was made
possible by the late Marshall Field, who, in addition to his original
gift of $1,000,000, made other gifts of approximately $430,000 during
his life, and bequeathed on his death in January, 1906, a further sum
of $8,000,000, of which $4,000,000 was allotted toward the erection
of the present building, located in Grant Park, and $4,000,000 toward
endowment.
The Museum is incorporated under state law, and its active
control rests in the Board of Trustees, with President, Secretary
and Treasurer. The executive of the Museum is the Director, under
whom there are five Chief Curators of Departments, and many
divisional Curators, Associate Curators, Assistant Curators, Re-
search Associates, preparators, taxidermists, artists, librarians, di-
vision chiefs, etc., and their assistants.
The Museum building is 706 feet long, 438 feet wide, 104 feet
high, and, with the terrace and grounds surrounding it, occupies an
area of about eleven acres. The central hall, Stanley Field Hall,
is 299 feet long, 68 feet wide, and 75 feet high. The rest of the building
is divided into four floors. Of these, the main and second, and a
portion of the ground floor, are devoted to exhibition purposes, the
total exhibition space comprising approximately 550,000 square feet.
The remaining space serves as working quarters for the administra-
tive and scientific staffs and the maintenance force. The exterior,
which is of white Georgia marble, is treated in monumental manner
based on Greek architecture of the Ionic order. The principal fronts are
divided into a large pedimented central pavilion, with two long wings
terminated by a smaller pavilion at each end. A notable feature is
the terrace, which is sixty feet wide, and completely surrounds the
building at a height of six feet above the surrounding level.
In this structure, the architects, D. H. Burnham and Company
and Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, have given to Chicago
and the nation a masterpiece of monumental building possessing
distinction and dignity appropriate to its purpose and origin.
The main hall, which is dedicated to Stanley Field, President of
the institution, contains four statues, designed by Henry Hering,
which symbolize the aims and purposes of the Museum. The figures
flanking the north archway represent Natural Science and the Dis-
semination of Knowledge, while those at the south archway typify
Research and Record.
Certain halls in the Museum are named in honor of some of
the persons who have made notable contributions or rendered valuable
service to the institution.
14
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
STANLEY FIELD HALL
Occupying the Nave of the Building
The exhibits in Stanley Field Hall, into which the main entrance
opens, are selected from each Department of the Museum. They
are intended to illustrate the activities of the Museum as a whole
and to serve as an introduction to the systematic collections assembled
in the exhibition halls. Some of the exhibits in this hall are changed
from time to time to show new acquisitions or the results of recent
expeditions. The exhibits shown at the date of publication of this
Guide, as listed below, are typical of the contents of the hall.
In the center of the hall are two African elephants mounted in
fighting attitude.
Toward the south end of the hall three bronze groups, the work
of the late Carl E. Akeley, illustrate lion spearing by native Africans.
Case 1. Prehistoric American gold ornaments from Colombia
and Ecuador, South America.
Case 2. Ancient Roman bronze bathtub, from Boscoreale,
Italy.
Case 3. Prehistoric races of man, illustrated by restorations of
the Pithecanthropus erectus, the Neanderthal man of La Chapelle-
aux-Saints, and the Cro-Magnon man.
Case 4. Embroideries, chiefly women’s dresses, from western
India.
Case 5. Marine fauna. Various types of beautiful and charac-
teristic marine animals, such as sponges, precious corals, sea-urchins,
and shells.
Case 6. Su-Lin, famous giant panda, formerly of the Chicago
Zoological Society’s park at Brookfield, mounted as she appeared in
life, is on temporary exhibition in Stanley Field Hall. In the near
future this exhibit will be transferred to the systematic collection of
mammals in Hall 15, where it will be shown in a case containing the
principal related animals.
Case 7. Selected examples of Chinese art, represented by ancient
ceramics, bronze, the figure of a zebu in cast solid silver, four clay
figures of women engaged in a polo match, and a gilt bronze figurine
of a recumbent rhinoceros.
Case 8. Gold and silver jewelry, India.
Case 9. Resins. This case, together with two others in Hall 28,
Department of Botany, contains one of the finest collections of resins
known.
Case 10. An iron meteorite, weighing 3,275 pounds. It is
remarkable for its large size and symmetrical form. It was found
in 1908 near Tonopah, Nevada.
Case 11. Antiquities of the early Sumerian period (about 3500
B.c.) excavated from the ancient city of Kish, Mesopotamia. A copper
rushlight, copper implements and vessels, bowls of alabaster and
other stones, necklaces, and shell beads.
Case 12. A scepter of good luck carved from sandalwood; two
lacquered cabinet doors painted with scenes in gold lacquer; and a
cut velvet table cover, China.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
15
Case 13. Varieties of quartz. The remarkable range of color
and form of this mineral is illustrated.
Case 14. A group of epiphytic and parasitic plants growing
about a termite nest built at the tip of a branch from a tree in the trop-
ics. From Demerara River, British Guiana. The group was reproduced
from nature in the Plant Reproduction Laboratories of the Museum.
Case 15. Passenger pigeons in a characteristic and natural
setting. These birds, once common, are now extinct.
Case 16. Textiles of India (scarfs for women).
Case 17. Recent and ancient allied plants and animals. They
are shown in both modern and fossil forms. Types known as “im-
mortal/’ “persistent,” “dwindled,” etc., are illustrated.
Case 18. A single crystal of beryl weighing a thousand pounds.
Case 19. Bower bird. Male and female of this peculiar bird
from New Guinea, with the characteristically decorated “bower” or
nuptial playground built by the male.
Case 20. Ancient Peruvian textiles.
Case 21. Wood and foliage of the three principal species of
mahogany.
Case 22. The history of the horse family, showing the evolution
of the horse from a four-toed to a one-toed animal.
Cases 23 and 24. In these cases in the south corners of the hall
are displayed feather masks from New Guinea on life-size figures.
Examples of exhibition cases used by the N. W. Harris Public
School Extension of Field Museum of Natural History are displayed
at the south end of the hall.
A bronze standard bearing the names of twenty-four persons,
each of whom has given $100,000 or more to the Museum, is placed
at the north end of the hall.
Publications of the Museum, and other books for both adults and
children, as well as photographs, post cards and ornamental objects
are on sale at The Book Shop near the north or main entrance.
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
First Floor: — Halls 2-10
Second Floor: — Halls 23, 24, 30, 31, and 32
Ground Floor: — Halls A-H, J, and L
First Floor
Hall 2: Edward E. and Emma B. Ayer Hall. Archaeology
of Etruria, Italy, and Greece. — The main section of this hall is
occupied by exhibits of Etruscan, Greek, and Roman antiquities in
stone, bronze, iron, pottery, and glass. Three Etruscan painted
sarcophagi from about 500 B.C., and a number of fresco paintings from
Boscoreale, a village north of Pompeii, of the first century a.d. are
especially noteworthy.
Hall 3: Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall. Races of Man-
kind.— The exhibits in this hall illustrate the principal types found
among the various races of mankind, emphasizing the essential
16
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
physical characteristics of each. The main racial types are repre-
sented in an extensive series of life-size bronze and stone statues,
busts and heads by Malvina Hoffman, distinguished sculptor.
The center of the hall is occupied by a group of three bronze
statues, in heroic size, of a white, a yellow, and a black man, sym-
bolizing the unity of the races of mankind as a single, well-defined
species. The figures representing racial variations which occur
within the three basic divisions are arranged around this central
triad, those of peoples from each continent being grouped together.
Types of the peoples of Africa, Europe, Asia, America and
Oceania are represented in bronze and stone. At the east end of the
hall are large colored transparencies further representing some of the
types of races shown by the sculptures; an analytic exhibit of skulls,
skeletons, models of brains, color charts of skin and eyes, and casts of
hands and feet; and other exhibits pertaining to physical anthropology.
Hall 4: James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Hall.
Tribes of the Woodland and Southeastern Areas. — In the south-
west corner of this hall is a case of representative material from pres-
ent-day tribes of the southeastern United States. The remainder of
the southwest quarter is devoted to collections from the Iroquois,
Ojibwa, and eastern Algonquian tribes. The culture of the peoples
of the Rocky Mountain Plateau is shown in the southeast quarter
with collections of costumes and woven bags. The life of the Wood-
land tribes is illustrated in the northern part of the hall and includes
the culture and religious practices of the Potawatomi, a central
Algonquian tribe which formerly inhabited the Chicago region and
is connected with its early history. In the center aisle are miniature
groups illustrating the summer and winter life of the Sauk and Fox.
An exhibit of rare Naskapi material from Labrador occupies the
northeast quarter of the hall.
Hall 5: Mary D. Sturges Hall. Indian Tribes of the Great
Plains. — The life of these tribes centered about the horse and the
buffalo. The exhibits begin with a life-size group showing a Crow
woman and horse with full trappings. The southern half of the hall
is devoted to clothing and adornments of the Cheyenne, Arapaho,
and Crow. Their principal religious observances are typified by
exhibits of the paraphernalia of the Arapaho men's societies and by
a Sun Dance Altar. In the northern half of the hall is illustrated
the life of the Blackfoot, Ute, Bannock, Kutenai, Kiowa, Wichita,
Arikara, Osage, and Dakota. The exhibits of Dakota bead and
porcupine-quill work are especially noteworthy. Ceremonial objects
of the Pawnee are shown in the northeast quarter, and the principal
rites of the tribe are illustrated by miniature groups representing the
Thunder Ceremony, Morning Star Sacrifice, Medicine-Men’s Cere-
mony, and Purification of the Sacred Bundles.
Hall 6: Indian Tribes of California and Nomadic Tribes of
Arizona and New Mexico. — In the west end of the hall are exhibits
devoted to the California tribes, which are adequately represented
by exhibits of ordinary and ceremonial costume, dance skirts and
aprons, ornaments, implements, weapons, baskets, and games. Life-
size figures of tw’o Pomo medicine-men, one conjuring seed, another
holding a ceremony over the deceased, stand near the west entrance
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
17
of the hall. Representative collections of Navaho blankets, including
some rare types, and of Navaho silver work, are on view in the south-
east section of the hall. On the northeast side are displayed a com-
plete set of masks used by the Navaho Indians in the Night Chant
Ceremony; basketry, household objects, games, and ceremonial
paraphernalia of the Pima and Papago Indians of Arizona; as well
as clothing, war, ceremonial and hunting equipment, and basketry
of the Apache Indians of Arizona and New Mexico.
Hall 7: Archaeology and Ethnology of Southwestern United
States ( Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico). — The west half
of this hall is devoted to the culture of the Hopi of Arizona. At the
west entrance is a life-size group showing the interior and exterior
of a Hopi house. On the southwest side are shown modern Hopi pot-
tery and textiles, a life-size figure of a bride, and two full-size reproduc-
tions of altars. On the northwest side are three more Hopi altars, as
well as baskets, boomerangs, a life-size figure of a boomerang thrower,
dolls (katcinas), and ceremonial masks. In the center of the hall are
two life-size figures of katcina dancers in costume. On the northeast
side are exhibited shields, textiles, painted buffalo robes, and pottery
of the modern Rio Grande tribes (New Mexico); and reproductions
of the pueblos of Acoma, Hano, Taos, and Walpi. On the south-
east side is shown archaeological material illustrating the develop-
ment of culture in the Southwest from earliest times (Basket Maker,
estimated at about 1000 B.c. to a.d. 100) through several phases
of Pueblo prehistory down to historic times. Particular attention
is directed to the exhibits of rare Basket Maker and Cliff Dweller
material, to the pottery recovered by Museum expeditions, and to
the exhibit which explains the method of dating ruins in the South-
west by means of tree rings. Included in this hall is the Stanley
McCormick Collection.
Hall 8: Mexico and Central America. — In this hall are shown
collections from Mexico and Central America, both archaeological
and ethnological. The material is arranged, as far as possible, in
geographical order. The north side of the hall is occupied by exhibits
illustrating the archaeology of Mexico, including a model of the
Pyramid of Quetzelcoatl. Especial attention is directed to the
very fine smaller stone work attributed to the Toltecs and Aztecs
(Case 4). The Toltecs were a highly civilized people, who preceded
the Aztecs and built up an empire rivaling the mighty empire of the
Incas. In the southeast corner of the hall is shown a Zapotec collec-
tion from Oaxaca, southwest Mexico. The Zapotec culture supplies
a link with the Maya civilization of Guatemala, British Honduras,
and adjacent areas. The Mayas achieved the highest level of culture
reached in the New World. Objects illustrating their civilization
are exhibited in Cases 12 to 17. The casts displayed in the center
of the hall were made from Maya monuments extant in Guatemala,
Yucatan, and Honduras. In the center of this hall also are models
of a large palace building of Mitla, Mexico, and of a pyramid at
Uaxactun, Guatemala.
Farther on are shown collections from the areas lying between
the ancient home of the Mayas and Panama. The southwest corner
of the hall is occupied by collections illustrating the everyday life of
18
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
the present Indians of the whole Middle American region. In many
cases these peoples are the lineal descendants of the tribes represented
in the archaeological section. Despite more than four centuries of
religious and political oppression, much of the old culture still remains,
notably in wearing apparel. Large photographs of famous Maya
monuments and buildings are shown on the pilasters.
Hall 9: South America. — In this hall are represented the
Indians of South America of the past and present. Exhibits repre-
senting the various modern tribes of South American Indians occupy
the northwest section of the hall. Among the important collections
are those from the Chaco Indians; the Jivaro tribe in the forests
of eastern Ecuador, represented by four examples of artificially
shrunken human heads; and a large collection illustrating the culture
of the northwest Amazon, Orinoco Basin, and Guiana tribes. Among
the most interesting exhibits are those showing the preparation of
food from the poisonous mandioca tuber, and the sacred trumpets
used in initiation rites. The remainder of the north side of the hall
is devoted to South American archaeology, and illustrates the high
culture of the inhabitants of the west coast of South America in
pre-Columbian days. The archaeology of Colombia is very well
illustrated by fine collections of gold, pottery, and shell and stone
work. There are several cases of artistic pottery dating from pre-
Inca times, dug up in the Chimu district on the Peruvian coast.
The southeast section of the hall is also devoted to Peruvian culture,
both as it was developed in the highlands and as it was on the coast.
This collection includes a number of so-called mummies, which in
fact are desiccated bodies, and reconstructions of the graves in which
they were found; also, beautiful pottery from the Nazca Valley
in southern Peru. The southwest section of the hall is given to a
representation of the little-known Diaguite culture which flourished
in early times in northwestern Argentina, and the adjacent cultures
of pre-Hispanic Chile.
Hall 10: Eskimo and Tribes of the Northwest Coast of
America. — Eskimo culture is illustrated in its wide geographical
range, which extends along the shores of America from Labrador to
northeastern Siberia. The dependence of the Eskimo on hunting
and fishing is made clear by means of four life-size groups, located
in the center aisle, showing an Eskimo hunter in his kayak, the chase
and capture of seal, preparation of skins, and winter fishing through
a hole in the ice. On the southeast side of the hall are located the
Eskimo collections. The remainder of the hall illustrates the life,
religion, art, and industries of the tribes of the Northwest Coast and
related interior groups. A single case (No. 35), illustrating the life of
the northern Athapascans of the Yukon Valley, deserves special men-
tion, because of the excellence of the garments and the decoration in
porcupine-quill work. The interior Salish tribes are represented in
the southeast corner of this hall by ceremonial objects and a life-
size group showing their home life and industries. In the bays
separating Hall 10 from the transverse halls and against the south
and northwest walls of the hall proper are erected totem poles and
grave posts from the Northwest Coast tribes.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
19
Second Floor
Hall 23: Edward E. Ayer Pewter Collection. — This room
contains several hundred objects of pewter of European, Chinese,
and Japanese origin, covering all periods in which pewter was made.
Hall 24: George T. and Frances Gaylord Smith Hall, East
Gallery. Archaeology of China. — The object of this hall is to
illustrate the development of Chinese civilization in all its varied
phases from its beginnings in the neolithic period (about 2000 B.c.)
down to the latter part of the eighteenth century. There are two
main divisions: the ancient, original culture of China prior to the
intrusion of Buddhism, shown in the south half of the hall, and the
culture of Buddhistic China, as influenced and modified by religious
and artistic currents coming from India from the third century a.d.
onward, in the northeast section of the hall. In each division the
principle of arrangement is chronological. The collection is particu-
larly strong in Han pottery, cast iron, mortuary clay figures, Sung
pottery and porcelain, and Buddhistic and Taoist sculpture, much
of it provincial. Two large bronze drums, a cast-iron bell, and a
temple censer are shown on bases in the open. A lacquered imperial
screen with elaborately carved dragons is exhibited at the north end
of the hall.
South Gallery: Models of pagodas from all parts of China,
and selected Chinese paintings and tapestries, are exhibited in this
gallery.
North Gallery: A fine, carved lacquer screen of twelve panels,
from China, eighteenth century, occupies this gallery.
Hall 30: Chinese Jades. — This hall contains more than a
thousand examples of carved jade, arranged in nine cases in chrono-
logical order from the early archaic period (about 2000 B.c.) down to
the end of the nineteenth century. On the walls there are an em-
broidered screen of the K‘ang-hi period and an imperial tapestry.
Hall 31: H. N. Higinbotham Hall. Gems and Jewels. See
page U-
Hall 32: West Gallery. Ethnology of China and Tibet. —
Tibet is represented in the north part of the hall by exhibits of textiles,
looms, clothing (in a series of costumed figures), jewelry, saddlery,
weapons, armor, ceremonial scarfs, metal ware, and household utensils.
The Lamaist religion, a form of Buddhism introduced from India,
is illustrated by images, paintings, sculpture, musical instruments,
and other objects used in the Lama temples. A large cast-iron temple
bell is worthy of special attention. In the central portion of the hall
are shown weapons, suits of armor, imperial costumes, fans, basketry,
musical instruments, bird and cricket cages, beadwork, and printing
equipment from China. The south section of the hall is occupied
by representations of Chinese and Tibetan dramatic performances on
which a special guide entitled Oriental Theatricals has been issued.
20
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Ground Floor
Hall A: Joseph N. Field Hall. Melanesia, South Pacific. —
This hall contains ethnographical material from Melanesia and New
Guinea. . The Melanesian collection is regarded as the most compre-
hensive in this country. At the north end are the collections from
New Ireland, notable for the elaborately carved and decorated
ceremonial masks and wooden figures. Next comes the general collec-
tion from New Britain, including large masks of quite a different type.
The peculiar types of decorated spears, clubs, clothing, and ornaments
from St. Matthias are shown in one case. The Admiralty Islands
are represented by large wooden bowls, baskets, drums, carved
figures, ornamented weapons, clothing, and personal ornaments. The
central part of the hall is occupied by exhibits from New Guinea.
Here may be seen a great variety of wood-carvings, human and
animal figures, masks, shields, bowls, and large wooden drums.
Interesting types of ornamental designs can be seen on pottery,
string bags, spears, and many other objects. Next comes material
from the Solomons, New Caledonia, and the New Hebrides. Of
special interest are the inlaid work in shell from the Solomons, the
New Caledonian stone clubs, and the ancestral skulls from the New
Hebrides. In the southwest corner of the hall are two cases of material
from the little known Rennell, Bellona, and Santa Cruz Islands. In
most of the cases photographs are shown illustrating the use of many
of the objects exhibited. A general popular description of Melanesia
and the life of its native inhabitants may be found in the guide entitled
Ethnology of Melanesia, published by the Museum and on sale at the
north entrance.
Hall Al: Australia. — Five cases in this hall contain material
selected to illustrate the primary divisions of the simple culture of
Australian aborigines. These tribes are still in a stone age state of
development, with no agriculture, no domestic animals except the
dog, and no musical instruments. Their spear heads of stone are
exceptionally well worked, and spear points made from fragments of
glass obtained from Europeans are delicately flaked. Many devices
credited with magical powers are displayed. Varieties of boomerangs,
shields, clubs, and spear-throwers are regionally classified in the
exhibit.
Hall B: North American Archaeology ( excepting . that of the
Southwest). — It is customary to divide North America into twelve
archaeological culture areas. This classification has been made on
the basis of similarity of traits; for example, pottery, weaving, stone
and copper artifacts, burials, and houses. These culture areas are
represented as far as possible in geographical order. . There are
exhibits of artifacts from the North and South Atlantic regions, eastern
Canada, and the Iroquoian areas, as well as from the lower and
middle Mississippi regions including Arkansas, Ohio, Illinois, and
Indiana. The richest culture of prehistoric North America is repre-
sented by a collection from the Hopewell Mounds of Ohio, charac-
terized by a high development of art in sculpture and design. In
conjunction with this is shown a miniature model of the Serpent
Mound. At the west end of the hall is a full-size reproduction of an
Indian mound containing an exposed burial. A group of three life-
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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
size figures of Indians illustrates the manufacture of stone implements.
At the west entrance of the hall is a special case which shows some of
the important types of archaeological objects found in North America
and the distribution of each type or group.
Hall G: Stone Age of the Old World. — The exhibits in this
hall are arranged in chronological sequence to illustrate the main
stages of man’s cultural and physical development from approximately
a million years ago down to the dawn of history, principally in western
and central Europe. On the south side of the hall are diorama
groups most of which contain life-size restorations of early types of
man. The scenes in these, with the exception of Group No. 1, repre-
sent actual prehistoric sites.
The groups are as follows: (1) Chellean scene, northern France;
(2) Neanderthal family at Devil’s Tower rock shelter, Gibraltar;
(3) cave of Gargas, Haute-Garonne, illustrating the dawn of art
in the Aurignacian period; (4) sculptured frieze of Le Roc, Charente,
illustrating the art of the Solutrean period; (5) bison of clay at Tuc
d’Audoubert, illustrating the art of the Magdalenian period; (6)
original Magdalenian skeleton, Cap Blanc, France; (7) rock shelter
'of Cap Blanc, Dordogne, showing frieze of animals and Magdalenian
sculptures in high relief; (8) Mas d’Azil boar hunting scene; (9)
neolithic sun-worship, Carnac, Brittany; (10) Swiss Lake Dwellers.
Human remains, artifacts, and remains of contemporary animals are
shown in fifteen cases so arranged that the culture of each period may
be studied opposite the diorama characterizing the same period.
Of special importance among the collections in this hall is the
original Cap Blanc skeleton of a Magdalenian girl. Likewise treasured
for their rarity are fragments of human remains from the Neanderthal
and Azilian periods, as well as additional Magdalenian material.
Noteworthy also are the La Souquette Middle Aurignacian necklaces
and the type collections from Tarte and Solutre. While European
material dominates the type collection in general, representative
examples from Asia and Africa are shown for purposes of comparative
study. On the north wall are shown drawings depicting recon-
structed scenes of paleolithic times. A large photograph of the
Predmost mammoth pit is worthy of note.
At the entrance to the west end of this hall is an exhibit called
The Ancestry of Man, designed to show the relation between mankind
and other primates, and particularly the inter-relationships of various
extinct and living races of the human family.
Hall D: West and Central Africa. — The exhibits in this hall
are arranged in geographical order, beginning with the Cameroon
region of west Africa and extending through the Congo area and Angola
(Portuguese West Africa). The section illustrated in greatest detail
is that of Cameroon, on the north side of the hall, where skill in wood-
carving, bronze casting, and beadwork attain a standard unsurpassed
in any other part of Africa. The finest examples of the woodworker’s
craft are displayed in the large wall case at the west end of the hall.
This exhibit includes a series of door posts and window frames, along
with such objects of household use as wooden beds and stools. In the
center of the hall are three life-size figures of Cameroon medicine-men.
These symbolize the main current of African thought, for they repre-
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
23
sent witch-doctors engaged in magical ceremonies which are deemed
necessary to cure the sick, to make it rain, and to appease the ghosts
of ancestors. An excellent collection of bronzes as well as wood and
ivory carvings from the west African city Benin, testifies to the
high development of Negro art. Along the south side of the hall are
exhibits representing warfare, handicrafts, and domestic articles
of Congo Negroes and similar objects from Angola. Numerous
photographs in the cases illustrate the way in which the objects
exhibited were made and used in the country of their origin. Other
pictures have been selected for the purpose of giving an accurate
impression of the many physical types represented by the races of
Africa. A guide entitled Ethnology of Africa , published by the Mu-
seum, is on sale at the north entrance.
Hall E: Madagascar; East, South, and North Africa. — The
east half of this hall is occupied by a collection from Madagascar.
The natives of Madagascar are of mixed Asiatic and African origin,
and the exhibit forms a link between the African exhibits and the
Polynesian and Malayan exhibits shown in the adjoining halls to
the south. This is the only Madagascar collection of importance
in the United States, and is believed to be the most complete in
existence. It includes implements and utensils of all sorts, weapons,
jewelry, wood-carvings, ornamental iron work, textiles, and paintings.
Much of the work has considerable artistic merit. The jewelry,
wood-carvings, and textiles are of especial interest. The textiles are
woven from silk obtained from both wild and domestic silkworms,
cotton, hemp, raffia, banana fiber, and the inner bark of trees. There
is on exhibition a unique collection of raffia cloths decorated with
elaborate designs made by the warp-dyeing process.
The west end of the hall is occupied by collections from east,
south, and north Africa. Several distinct cultures are represented,
including those of Bushman hunters, camel keepers of Abyssinia,
and the warlike, pastoral Masai. Two cases displaying objects from
north Africa are placed midway in the hall. The rugs and clothing
of the Kabyle are excellent examples of weaving and dyeing, while
the jewelry of these tribes makes an attractive exhibit. One of the
two cases containing objects from north Africa is devoted principally
to a display of objects used by the camel-keeping Tuareg of the Sahara.
Hall F: Polynesia and Micronesia. — This hall contains col-
lections from Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, the Cook Islands, Hawaii, New
Zealand, and the Society and Marquesas Islands in Polynesia, and
from the Gilbert, Caroline, and Marshall groups and various outlying
islands in Micronesia. Of especial interest are the fine collections
of painted bark-cloths and weapons from Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
Noteworthy are carved ceremonial paddles and adzes from the Cook
Islands. The New Zealand material illustrates well the culture of
the ancient Maori. Jade implements and feather robes are prominent
features of this exhibit which is regarded as the best in the United
States. The eastern end of the hall is occupied by a complete Maori
council house from New Zealand, the only one in America and
one of six in existence. This structure is sixty feet long and
fourteen feet high. The front and all the wooden parts in the interior
are covered with carvings and paintings in the best style of ancient
24
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Maori art. Among the objects from Micronesia the armor and tooth-
edged weapons of the Gilbert Islanders and the curious weapons and
implements from Matty Island are of especial interest. A tapa
mosquito curtain from Fiji fills an entire case in the center aisle.
A guide entitled Ethnology of Polynesia and Micronesia , published by
the Museum, is for sale at the north entrance.
Hall G: Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago. — In the
west section of this hall are illustrated the cultures of the island of
Sumatra, chiefly represented by the Batak and Menangkabau (on the
north side of the hall), the ethnology of Nias, a small island off the
west coast of Sumatra, and of the Semang, Sakai, and Malay of the
Malay Peninsula (on the south side of the hall). Exhibits from the
Menangkabau are continued in the east portion of the hall, which in
addition is devoted to the cultures of Java, Madura, Borneo, and
Formosa. The entire process of making batik-cloth is illustrated and
supported by many fine examples of batik fabrics. Puppets, masks,
actors’ head-dresses, actors’ costumes, and the musical instruments
of an orchestra such as accompanies performances, testify to the high
development of dramatic art in Java. There are four notable ancient
stone sculptures from Java, and a remarkable collection illustrative of
the life of the Dyaks of Dutch Borneo. The center of the hall is occu-
pied by a miniature model of a Menangkabau village, a life-size figure
of a Semang pygmy shown in the act of making fire, and a life-size
figure of a Dyak hunter. Life-size figures of a Menangkabau bride
and groom form a striking exhibit. Attention should especially be
called to the numerous fine wood-carvings and textiles in this hall.
The Arthur B. Jones Collection is included in the hall.
Hall H : Philippine Islands. — The collections in this hall (includ-
the Robert F. Cummings Collection) are so arranged as to emphasize
the outstanding characteristics of the principal pagan groups through-
out the archipelago. Comprehensive exhibits illustrate the economic
and ceremonial life of the Tinguian. A miniature village of this
people stands on the south side in about the center of the hall, while
a life-size group pictures their most noteworthy industry — the forging
of head-axes and spear-points. The Igorot are represented by two
groups — one, a miniature village illustrating the daily life and activi-
ties of the people; the other, a life-size group showing the making of
pottery. Suits of armor, and cannon and other weapons from the
Moro are worthy of particular attention. At the east end of the
hall is a group consisting of six life-size figures representing Bagobo
weavers engaged in preparing and weaving Manila hemp.
Hall J : Archaeology of Egypt. — Human mummies and coffins
ranging in date from the tenth dynasty to the Roman period (i.e.
from about 2300 B.c. to a.d. 200) are assembled in built-in cases
along the north wall of this hall. X-ray photographs of some of the
mummies are shown in a case near-by. Painted linen shrouds from
Late Egyptian mummies occupy the ends of the north wall cases.
The backs of these cases are covered with textiles, large hangings,
and parts of decorated garments of the Coptic period. Other Coptic
garments and ornamental tapestries and embroideries occupy a built-
in case on the south wall. East of them are mounted manuscripts on
papyrus. Another case on the south wall contains a group of stelae.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
25
On the east wail and the wall north of the west stairway are displayed
tomb-sculptures and paintings. This exhibit includes a statue of the
goddess Sekhmet. Two complete tomb chapels of the Old Kingdom
have been erected in the northwest corner. There also stand three
late sarcophagi of red granite, black granite, and marble, respectively.
The largest case in the hall, under the west stairway, contains a
wooden boat almost four thousand years old, found buried beside the
pyramid of King Sesostris III at Dahshur. A prehistoric Egyptian
body, buried long before mummification was practised, is shown in
a burial pit, surrounded by pottery. Other exhibits are devoted to
statuettes in stone, bronze and wood, ushebtis, offering-tables, tomb
and memorial tablets, alabaster and other stone vases, pottery,
faience and glass, jewelry, toilet articles, charms, beads, tools, weapons,
wooden furniture, and mummified animals. All the foregoing are
original objects. Reproductions shown include only the famous
Rosetta Stone, the elegant papyrus of Ani, and certain important
tomb and temple sculptures the originals of which are still in Egypt.
Hall L: Korea, Siberia, India, Burma, Siam, Ceylon,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the Ainu. — Ethnological
collections from both the primitive and advanced cultures of north-
eastern and southeastern Asia are shown in this hall. The west end
contains the clothing, household objects, weapons and tools of the
primitive peoples of eastern Siberia, of the Ainu of Japan, and of
the Koreans. Near the northwest door of the hall are two large
Siamese shadow figures, mounted on glass and illuminated from
behind to show them as they appear to the spectator at a Siamese
shadow play. Extensive collections from India, including musical
instruments, weapons, textiles, clothing, ornamental brasses, archi-
tectural wood carving, and a model of the famous Taj Mahal fill
the eastern half of the hall. Particularly notable is the inset case in
the center of the east wall exhibiting Indian sculpture of the first
century of our era and later. Exhibits from Ceylon, Burma, and
Siam, of which the most interesting are perhaps the carved wooden
masks, and the models of boats and carts, are along the north wall.
There also are two alcoves containing collections from the primitive
tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal.
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
Second Floor: — Halls 25-29
Hall 25: Food Plants. — The south side of this hall is occupied
by food products of vegetable origin: the small grains and corn with
their products, breads and alimentary pastes, starches, sugars, edible
oils and fats, leguminous seeds, nuts, spices, and beverages.
The principal grains such as wheat, rice, and rye, are exhibited,
and, in more detail, heads of the chief wheats and barleys of the
United States with the United States government grain standards.
The exhibit includes the primitive cultivated grains, einkorn, emmer
and spelt; also samples of ancient barley and wheat from Mesopotamia
reputed to be 5,000 years old, and of wheat from the pyramids of
Egypt. A miniature mill illustrates the modern process of flour-
26
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
making, and various samples show the steps in manufacture and
the characteristics of the chief commercial grades of flour. The
five main types of corn are shown; also ancient corn from the Mound
Builders, Cliff Dwellers, and Peruvian burials. Products manu-
factured from various small grains, and a detailed exhibit of those
from corn kernels, are displayed, the latter with material illustrating
the steps in their manufacture.
Cane and beet sugar, in an exhibit illustrating various steps in
manufacture, are shown together with various forms of sugar from
native markets of many countries. Edible vegetable oils, domestic
and foreign, are displayed with the seeds or fruits from which they
are obtained. The chief commercial starches of the world are shown
in conjunction with their respective plant sources. Leguminous
seeds from various countries give an idea of the many varieties that
are used for food. Exhibits of spices and nuts furnish an interesting
study in plant geography. Common beverages, it is demonstrated,
are of vegetable origin, and fall into two main groups. One group in-
cludes coffee, tea, cacao, mate, cola, guarana, etc., with mildly
stimulating properties due to caffeine, theine or similar alkaloid.
The other group comprises fermented beverages in use in all parts
of the world, such as palm wine, piwarri, awa, and pulque, as well
as the more familiar* cider, grape wines, etc., with their distilled
derivatives. A large variety of tea and coffee is shown together
with an exhibit of the New York Coffee Exchange standard of grading.
Enlarged photographs portray the principal steps in the production
of these commodities. In proximity to the collections of coffee and
tea samples are dioramas showing on a small scale a modern coffee
plantation and a tea plantation. In a separate floor case there is
a natural size reproduction of a tea bush in flower and fruit. In a
case near the east end of the hall are shown the principal vegetable
foods of New World origin. The chief edible fruits are generally
omitted from the special food plant display, being well represented
throughout the botanical exhibits in the adjoining Hall 29.
Palms. — The north side of Hall 25 is devoted to palms and their
economic products. The collection includes palm material from al-
most all tropical parts of the world. It contains many unusual and
interesting specimens, such as the so-called double coconut of the
Seychelles Islands, which has the largest seed in the plant kingdom.
There are also numerous entire bunches of fruit among which those of
the South American Mauritia and Attalea palms are notable for their
size. Most impressive of all for its large size is the fruit cluster of a
raffia palm which occupies a separate case. A case is given to the
display of the enormous leaf stems of the larger palms in which the
entire length of a leaf may be as much as forty feet. A spiny palm
from Surinam and a Nipa palm from the East Indies also occupy
separate cases. In the northeast section of the hall is shown the
flowering and fruiting top of a coconut palm.
Palms furnish many of the necessaries of life in the tropics, yielding
edible fruits such as dates and coconuts, edible oils, sago, sugar, and
drinks, fermented and unfermented. The stems are used in the con-
struction of dwellings, the leaves for thatching, basket-making, hats,
mats, etc., and the fibers for making ropes and textiles.
the Medicine Bow range of southeastern Wyoming.
28
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Hall 26: Charles F. Millspaugh Hall. North American
Woods. — The exhibits in this hall represent the principal trees and
woods of North America. They are arranged in the order of their
botanical relationship, beginning with the conifers which are at the
northwest end of the hall. Each exhibit includes a part of the trunk
of a tree, a transverse or cross section of a trunk, and one or more
boards representative of the typical grain and appearance of the
wood. Generally there are a quarter-sawed board and a flat-grained
one. These specimens are supplemented by photographs of the
living tree under summer and winter conditions, and in some cases
of a branch in fruit or flower; a map to indicate the area of distribu-
tion; and a descriptive label summarizing the principal characteristics
of the tree, and properties and uses of the wood.
Hall 27: Foreign Woods. — In the east half of this hall are shown
a collection of woods of the Old World. Those of India, Africa and
Australia are on the south side, and European and Japanese woods
are on the north. The west half of the hall contains West Indian,
Mexican, and Central and South American woods. This collection
is still incomplete, but contains most of the foreign woods now
imported into the United States. Of the new exhibits the most
noteworthy are those of Parana pine and embuia, the principal
commercial woods of the Amazon valley, and a display of the various
species of American and African mahogany.
Hall 28: Plant Raw Materials and Products. — On one side
of this hall are displayed fiber plants such as cotton, hemp, flax,
jute, manila hemp, sisal hemp, and their products. On the other
side are shown varnish resins, lacquers, and lac, wood distillation
products, resin and turpentining methods, cellulose and paper pulp,
cork, tanning materials, dyestuffs, rubber, gums, waxes, perfume and
flavoring oils, paint and soap oils, tobacco, and crude drugs.
Where possible a specimen or a photograph of the fiber plant,
or the part of the plant that yields the raw material for fiber-making,
is shown in connection with material illustrating stages in the prepara-
tion of the fiber and its products. Basketry, broom and hat making
materials are shown in the same manner.
The display of resins is unusually fine. Wood distillation,
although an old industry, has very recently made distinct improve-
ments in methods and the number and value of its products. These
are shown in detail.
Vegetable dies and tanning agents, oils, waxes, and rubber are of
interest because of their industrial application. The exhibit of rubber
includes many of the principal varieties of crude material, but is still
incomplete.
In the center of the hall are reproductions of a long-staple
cotton plant, and of a tobacco plant in flower.
Hall 29: Hall of Plant Life. — The exhibits in this hall are
planned to furnish a general view of the entire range of plant life,
including various extinct groups, and at the same time to show as
many as possible of the most important useful plants of the world.
Beginning at the northeast corner of the hall, the lowest order of
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
29
plants, the bacteria, are followed by algae, fungi, mosses, and other
flowerless plants; next are conifers; and finally the flowering plants,
which occupy the greater part of the hall. One of the most noteworthy
of the exhibits is a trunk of the curious cannon-ball tree of northern
South America, with showy flowers and large spherical fruits, at
the south end of the hall. Other interesting plants represented
are pepper, breadfruit, the giant waterlily known as Victoria regia,
pitcher-plants, citrus fruits, poison ivy, ragweed, mango, cacao,
passion flowers, anatto, cacti, mangrove, Brazil nuts, souari nuts,
chicle, coffee, banana, pineapple, vanilla and other orchids, etc.
In their respective places among the various plant families represented
are found also some of the common wild flowers of the United States.
At the north end of the hall is a large group illustrating the alpine
vegetation of the northern Rocky Mountains. New exhibits are being
added continually.
Since plants cannot be so preserved as to retain their natural
appearance, most of the exhibits in this hall are produced in the
laboratories of the Museum. Plants collected in the field serve as
models for these accurate reproductions, which are made by skillful
employment of materials such as glass, celluloid, wax, etc.
On the west wall is a series of mural paintings, illustrating inter-
esting and remarkable plant forms from various parts of the world
and portraying the native habitat of many plants represented in the
botanical exhibits.
Third Floor
The Herbarium. — In rooms over Hall 25 are installed the
large study collections, consisting of a herbarium of the plants of
Illinois, the famous Harper collection of fleshy fungi, and a general
herbarium, including the University of Chicago collection. In all,
more than 940,000 specimens are available. The herbarium is
especially rich in plants of tropical America.
Wood Collection. — A classified collection of named woods,
mainly tropical American, including more than 12,000 specimens,
is located on the third floor.
On application to the Director of the Museum, these third floor
reference collections are made accessible to persons particularly
interested.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
Second Floor: — Halls 31, and 34-38
Hall 31: Gems and Jewels. See page kk-
Hall 34: Minerals, Crystals, and Meteorites. — The east half
of the hall is occupied by the systematic collection of minerals. In
this collection the specimens are grouped according to their chemical
composition. Beginning at the east end of the hall, the minerals
which are native elements are shown first, then follow mineral sul-
phides, haloids, oxides, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, etc., in
order. The series ends with the hydrocarbons. Large specimens
are for the most part installed in separate cases among which are
dispersed pyramidal cases used for smaller specimens. Five large
30
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
specimens of unusual merit — a geode, a fluorite, two tall selenites,
and what is probably the largest known lapis lazuli — are prominently
displayed in four individual small cases. Minerals such as realgar
and proustite, which fade or change color on exposure to light, are
covered by boxes which can be raised for examination of the speci-
mens by pressing a button situated just below the sash.
Since quartz and calcite are among the most abundant of minerals,
five cases are devoted to quartz and its varieties and three to calcite.
A single case at the east end of the hall contains specimens illustrating
a number of the characteristic features of agate. The various species
of mica occupy a single case. At the end of the series is shown a large
collection of pseudomorphic minerals. There is also an exhibit of
radiographs made by a number of different species of radioactive
minerals. The William J. Chalmers Crystal Collection follows. This
collection illustrates, by means of carefully selected mineral specimens,
the systems according to which minerals crystallize, and the varying
development of crystal form in each system. Many types of twin
crystals and other crystal groupings are illustrated, as well as various
features of crystal growth, such as zone structure, inclusions and
phantoms. Many of the crystals are of gem quality and would have
been cut for gems but for their preservation in this collection. The
series of tourmalines is especially remarkable for the variety of colors
and forms shown. A case of amber and one of ornamental minerals
supplement the mineral collection.
Following these, twenty cases are devoted to the exhibition of
one of the largest collections of meteorites in the world — in fact, the
largest, as regards the number of falls represented. More than two-
thirds of all known meteorite falls are represented by specimens in
this collection. Some of the specimens are in the form of polished
or etched slabs, which display the interior structure of meteorites,
while others are unbroken and show how the meteorites appeared
when picked up immediately after their fall. The larger examples
are installed in individual cases. The specimen of greatest size thus
shown is an iron meteorite weighing 3,336 pounds. The exhibit also
contains two of the largest known individual stone meteorites, one
being the largest ever seen to fall, and the other the largest ever found.
Meteorites, aggregating more than a ton in weight, from the famous
locality at Canyon Diablo, Arizona, are shown. They include one
weighing 1,013 pounds. Etched faces on many of the specimens of
iron meteorites illustrate the peculiar figures which distinguish these
meteorites from terrestrial iron.
Hall 35: Clarence Buckingham Hall. Physical Geology,
Rocks. — The collections at the east end of the hall illustrate various
phases of physical geology. These include specimens showing wear
or erosion of rock by ice, wind and water, a great variety of forms of
concretions, and specimens illustrating such important groups as
volcanic products, dendrites, tufas, veins and vein structures, faults,
folds, joint and cave formations. Contorted and ropy lava surfaces
from Hawaii, from the Mount Taylor volcanic region in New Mexico,
from Vesuvius, and from other well-known volcanoes, and also vol-
canic bombs from France and New Zealand, are conspicuous among
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
31
the volcanic specimens. There are also shown many examples of
such frequently mentioned substances as volcanic ash, lapilli and tuffs.
The internal structure of the earth is illustrated by a model,
and another model shows the forms assumed by intrusions of rock
from the depths into rock nearer the earth’s surface.
In one case are exhibited many dendrite specimens, which are
branching, moss-like forms deposited by water seeping through cracks
in rocks. These are objects of unusual delicacy and beauty. In
another case are specimens of ripple-marked sandstone of unusual
size and perfection. These display large surfaces ripple-marked by
wave action in a long distant past, exactly as the sands of lake and
sea shores of the present day are scored.
Cave products occupy one case. While these consist largely of
lime stalactites and stalagmites, other cave products such as floor
deposits and gypsum rosettes, are also represented. Caves of an
unusual type in Utah, containing huge transparent gypsum crystals
instead of the usual carbonate of lime stalactites, are represented by
a number of crystals which have been so installed as to reproduce the
appearance of a cave. Artificial lighting of the exhibit serves to bring
out the transparency of the crystals. A large fulgurite or “lightning
tube” more than eight feet long, which was formed when lightning
struck into an Indiana sand dune, occupies a case by itself. In an
adjoining case, smaller fulgurites from other localities show the effects
of lightning on both sand and rock.
Other cases contain specimens illustrating glacial markings,
rock weathering and concretions. Two large rock slabs, displayed on
bases, show, in unusual perfection, the effects of glacial planing and
grooving of rock.
A large specimen of lodestone, weighing 400 pounds, has unusual
magnetic power which is illustrated by attached metallic objects.
A model of the Natural Bridge of Virginia is shown. Besides
being a faithful reproduction of the bridge, with the associated
scenery, the model illustrates a number of details of rock structure
which occur on too large a scale to be shown by specimens.
The western half of the hall is occupied by a large rock collection
consisting of specimens of uniform size of the important rock types.
Dominating the west end of the hall is a model, nineteen feet in
diameter, of the visible hemisphere of the moon. It is much the
largest and most elaborate representation of the moon’s surface ever
made. The characteristic volcanoes, plains, mountain ranges and
other features of the moon are shown in their true positions and
relative extent. In order to make the relief more distinct, the vertical
scale of the model has been made about three times greater than the
horizontal.
The walls of two corridors connecting Clarence Buckingham
Hall with adjacent halls are occupied by a collection of relief maps,
which show the topography of selected portions of the earth’s surface.
Some of these are representations of well-known scenic areas. Others
illustrate the topography of states and other political divisions. Of
special geological interest are the relief maps of the region about
Chicago, which show the distribution of land and water in this district
during a number of stages following the glacial period.
32
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
In one of the corridors is a case of fluorescent minerals, illuminat-
ed alternately by ordinary light and ultra-violet light. It thus dem-
onstrates the brilliant colors some minerals assume when illuminated
by ultra-violet light.
Hall 36: Petroleum, Goal, Clays, and Sands. — The east end
of this hall is occupied by petroleum exhibits, beginning with oil
sands of the American oil fields, followed by crude petroleums grouped
geographically.
A model illustrates the underground features of an oil field and
the machinery by which the wells are drilled and the oil brought to
the surface. There is also a model of the original Rockefeller oil
refinery at Cleveland. The great variety of uses of paraffin in the
manufacture of familiar objects of everyday utility is illustrated by
many specimens. The uses shown range from waterproofed clothes-
pins and shotgun shells to flowers for women’s hats, chewing gum
and candles. With the familiar products of paraffin are shown other
less well-known products and uses. The ozocerites or native paraffins,
which have properties somewhat different from those of paraffin
extracted from petroleum, are included in this collection. Another
collection illustrates the uses of petroleum jelly, petrolatum, and
vaseline in numerous medicinal and toilet preparations. A case in
the center aisle covers, in synoptic form, by numerous specimens,
the entire field of petroleum products. Each kind of use is repre-
sented by a single specimen accompanied by a photograph, and these
uses are so numerous that the collection fills a large case. While
many of the products, such as gasoline, and lubricating and illuminat-
ing oils, are well known, there are numerous others, such as the fly
repellants used by dairymen, which are less familiar.
Numerous varieties of coal, including specimens from many of
the important coal fields of the world, are shown in a series of cases
near the center of the hall. A vertical section of a coal seam five
feet thick represents the coal as it lies in the mine before it is mined.
A stump of a tree which was growing at the time coal was formed
illustrates the vegetable origin of coal. The origin of coal and the
relation of the several kinds to each other are shown in a synoptic
collection. With the coal collection there is a small model of a coal
mine. A case contains many substances obtained as by-products
from coal during the manufacture of illuminating gas in the processes
employed by the gas company of London, England. Although this
case can hold only a few of the thousands of such by-products, their
diversity and brilliant colors make them well worthy of attention.
An adjoining case contains a less highly colored but interesting
collection of the more important coal by-products obtained in this
country. In this case also is a synoptic collection of the kinds of
mineral fuel, showing the relations of these fuels to each other.
Adjoining the coal collection are cases containing oil shales,
asphalts and specimens illustrating the important uses of asphalt.
A case in the center aisle contains diamonds, specimens of the
rocks in which diamonds are found, and minerals associated with them.
Two cases illustrate the occurrence and uses of peat. They
demonstrate that peat may be used for many purposes besides fuel.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
33
In a near-by case a model of a lake in which peat is forming illustrates
the subject in great detail. The subject is further illustrated by a
collection of the products of a single bog which shows the transition
from rushes and reeds at the surface, through beds of peat of varying
aspects, to the most completely formed peat at the bottom of the bog.
A collection of graphite contains, besides specimens of graphite
from many localities, numerous specimens illustrating the use of
this material. Of general interest is a group of specimens showing
all stages in the manufacture of the common lead pencil. Sulphur
from many parts of the world is shown in another case which also
contains specimens of the minerals which are exploited for magnesia.
The west end of the hall is occupied by exhibits of clays, soils,
sands and other earthy materials. One case is devoted to specimens
which show how soil is formed, of what it is composed, the plant foods
it contains and the nature of the several kinds of soils, such as loams
and marls, which are ordinarily recognized by farmers. Four and a
half cases contain a collection of soils arranged according to kind
with specimens selected to show the spread in color, texture and other
visible features in soils of each kind.
In the large clay collection the clays are arranged according to
kind. As most clays are used in the form of brick, tile, pottery and
other burned wares, there appears with most of the specimens a
little brick burned from the specimen itself. Specimens in one case
illustrate changes in the appearance of burned clay wares produced
by changes in the conditions under which they are fired, and show
the effect on the burned wares of the more important minerals often
found in clay. The manufacture of common brick is illustrated by
a large model of a brick yard which shows all stages of manufacture
from digging the clay to loading the finished brick on cars. There
are also shown collections of other clay-like and earthy minerals of
industrial importance. These include fuller’s earths, bentonites, talcs
and mineral pigments. A collection filling three cases illustrates the
uses of silica. It includes ornamental and gem varieties, well-known
substances such as common plastering and building sands, and such
comparatively little-known things as a flask for chemical use blown
from pure, melted quartz. The manufacture of Portland cement is
illustrated by a large and elaborate model of a modern plant. All
details of the work are represented from mining limestone and clay
to the storage of the finished cement. The manufacture is further
illustrated by a case containing examples of the minerals of which
cement is made, of the mixtures, and of partly finished cement in
all stages of its manufacture. The materials added to cement to
make concrete are also shown. A collection occupying half a case
illustrates, in synoptic form, the mineral substances which have been
used in a large way for structural cements from remote antiquity
to the present time. This collection includes such diverse materials
as the clay used as cement by primitive peoples and the special
alumina cements just coming into use. A model of a large Minnesota
iron mine stands against the west wall.
Hall 37: Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall. Ores, Marbles, and
Alkalies. — The east half of the hall is occupied by a collection of
ores of the precious and base metals. The ores of each metal are
34
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
grouped separately, except the gold, silver and lead ores, which are
shown together. Under each group the specimens are arranged in
geographical order according to country, state and mining district.
In a case against the east wall, examples of those minerals which are
frequently mistaken for gold are shown, and with them, for com-
parison, gold from a variety of occurrences. Interspersed with the
groups of ores are models which illustrate methods of mining and
treating ores of the more important metals. Among these a model
of a gold mine shows ordinary methods of mining vein ores. Treat-
ment of gold ore for extracting the gold is illustrated by two models,
one of a stamp mill, the other of a simple form of cyanide plant.
A model of a lead blast-furnace illustrates one common method of
extracting lead and silver from the ore. A model of an iron blast-
furnace and its accessories, partly in section, illustrates the funda-
mental process in the metallurgy of iron. With this model are shown
models of two furnaces which illustrate the simple methods of iron
smelting used in earlier times or by primitive peoples. One of the
usual treatments for separating ore of any kind from admixed rock
is shown by a model of a jig. With many of the lesser known metals,
and some others, are placed small collections which illustrate the
utilization of these substances. The uses of the rare metals are
especially illustrated in this way.
As the small specimens of which most of the ore collection is
composed do not show sufficiently well the appearance of ore in mass,
several large specimens of various ores have been placed in individual
cases. Near the center of the room a collection of native coppers in
a separate case merits attention. In the west part of the hall are
fifteen cases filled with marbles and other ornamental stones from
many parts of the world. The specimens are large enough to display
to advantage the characteristic patterns of each variety. Building
stones in the form of four-inch cubes fill five cases.
Collections of industrially important non-metallic minerals
occupy the west end of the hall. These include barite, fluorite,
asbestos, mica, phosphates, grinding and polishing materials, gypsum
and borax. Included in the gypsum collection is a case which shows
in synoptic form the great variety of uses of this mineral. At the
end of this hall are placed soda and potash collections, including a
large group of the Stassfurt potash salts and examples of the newly
discovered potash minerals of Texas and New Mexico.
In the corridor connecting Halls 36 and 37 is a series of tubes
containing rare gases such as argon and helium which are found in
minute quantities in the atmosphere. When a button is pushed
these gases are excited by an electric current and glow with brilliant
colors. These tubes illustrate the source of light in neon signs.
Hall 38: Ernest R. Graham Hall. Fossil Animals and
Plants. — In this hall there are illustrated by fossils, and by life-size
and miniature restorations and paintings, the important forms of
plants and animals which lived on the earth from the earliest to
recent times.
The exhibits, as far as possible, are arranged in the order of their
geological sequence. At the south end of the hall may be seen examples
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36
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
of the oldest known fossils. Progressing northward the visitor finds
the plants and animals characteristic of the successive geological
periods. Fossils of the latest geological period will be found at the
north end of the hall. Above the cases, a series of twenty-eight mural
paintings extends entirely around the hall. These murals illus-
trate characteristic scenes and prominent plants and animals of
the geological periods. These paintings, in order, beginning with the
earliest period, represent the following: The Cooling Earth, The
Beginnings of Life, A Sea Beach of Ordovician Time, A Coral Reef of
Silurian Time, A Forest of Devonian Time, North American Reptiles
of Permian Time, African Reptiles of Triassic Time, Small Flying
Reptiles and Birds of Jurassic Time, Large Flying and Marine Rep-
tiles of Jurassic Time, Swimming Reptiles, An Armored Dinosaur, A
Plant-eating Dinosaur, Horned and Carnivorous Dinosaurs, Asiatic
Horned Dinosaurs, Duck-bill and Crested Dinosaurs, Four-toed Horses
and Primitive Hoofed Beasts, Titanotheres, Primitive Whales, Early
Camels and Suillines, Early Elephants and Rhinoceroses, Giant
Kangaroos and Wombats, New Zealand Moas, South American
Ground Sloths and Glyptodonts, Saber-tooth Tigers and Vultures,
Mastodons, Cave Bears, Mammoths and Woolly Rhinoceroses, The
Great Irish Deer.
The life of the Cambrian, the earliest period from which fossils
have been abundantly preserved, is represented by an extensive
series of trilobites, brachiopods, seaweeds and other early forms of
life. With them is shown Eozoon, a controverted fossil from a still
earlier period. The Ordovician series includes a slab containing re-
mains of the earliest fishes, a number of large fossil trilobites and
various brachiopods and cephalopods. From the Silurian Period
there are exhibited fossils of straight and coiled cephalopods, corals,
crinoids, seaweeds, and great crustaceans called Eurypterids. The
Devonian fossils shown include those of fishes, starfishes, sponges,
corals and a variety of other invertebrate animals.
Fossils of the Carboniferous Period include a number of trunks,
stumps, roots and branches of the large trees, Lepidodendron and
Sigillaria; a series of the great horsetail rushes or Calamites, and
leaves or branches of various fossil ferns. Life-size restorations of
many of these are shown in a large group at the south end of the hall,
where a reproduction of a portion of a forest of the period as it appeared
in living form, has been constructed. This is by far the most accurate
and extensive reproduction of the trees of the Coal Period ever made.
During this period reptiles became the dominant form of life, and for
the first time the earth was populated with truly land-living animals.
The Permian Period is represented by fossil leaves of conifers and
tree-ferns and by remains of fishes, amphibians and reptiles.
The Triassic Period fossils exhibited include fishes from South
Africa, tracks of reptiles from Massachusetts, and various fossil
plants and shells from Germany. There is much of interest in the
Jurassic exhibits. From Solenhofen, Bavaria, come insects and fish
beautifully preserved in fine grained lithographic limestone. In the
same case are ammonites, a kind of cephalopod which during the
Jurassic period attained enormous size and complexity of shell
ornamentation.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
37
Vertebrate fossils of the Jurassic Period include a choice series of
skulls and skeletons of fish-lizards from England and from Germany.
One of the latter shows also the outline of the body of the animal. A
beautifully preserved fossil crocodile, ten feet in length, is also shown.
Further, there are a large series of fossil fishes, mostly from Bavaria;
a few specimens of the rare flying reptiles; a comprehensive series of
fossil crustaceans, cuttlefish, crinoids, sponges and other invertebrate
animals; and fossils of the plants known as cycads.
A skeleton of the great dinosaur, Apatosaurus, of the Jurassic
Period occupies a dominating position in the center of the hall.
Parts of other dinosaurs from both North and South America are
exhibited on pedestals or occupy adjacent cases. A series of miniature
models, designed to represent these animals in life, is exhibited near-by.
The Cretaceous Period fossils exhibited include a skull of the great
horned dinosaur, Triceratops, which occupies a floor case; a lesser
skull with nest of eggs, belonging to the related Mongolian dinosaur,
Protoceratops; parts of skeletons of the swimming reptiles, Platecarpus
and Elasmosaurus; a shell of the great land tortoise, Basilemys, and a
skeleton of the slender, flying reptile, Nyctosaurus. A fossil tree trunk
from Alberta, and a series of fossil leaves from Kansas, are among the
fossil plants shown. A group of great fossil sponges, various types of
fossil mollusks, and a series of models of shells of the chalk-forming
animals illustrate the invertebrate life of the period.
With the next period, the Paleocene, the Age of Mammals begins.
A rare skeleton of an archaic order, the Amblypods from Colorado,
is exhibited in a floor case. Other specimens of new Paleocene mam-
mals, a new genus of horned crocodile ( Ceratosuchus ) and a second
skull of long-nosed crocodile are to be found in another case. In
case 80, at the north end of the hall, Barylambda and other Pantodonts
(primitive hoofed animals) and Bathyopsoides, a related form, are
exhibited. In the same case there is also an example of a horned
crocodile from the same locality as the mammals.
In the Eocene, mammals were becoming more abundant. Fossils
shown of this period include a skeleton of one of the smaller titan-
otheres, Dolichorhinus, an extensive series of skulls of other Uinta
mammals, and contemporary specimens of crocodiles and turtles.
Displayed in another case are series of skulls and jaws of South
American fossil mammals. In another upright case may be seen a
series of fossil fishes, each one encased in its matrix of stone. Various
fossil shells, insects, palms and other Eocene plants are included in
the series.
These are followed by fossils of the Oligocene Period. Most
conspicuous among them are a mounted skeleton and a series of
skulls of some of the great titanotheres — an extinct family of hoofed
mammals whose members had the general proportions of the rhinoc-
eros, but differed from that animal in the structure of skull and of
foot. The titanotheres are further illustrated by a group at the
north end of the hall, where a male, female and young are reproduced
in life size and bodily form. The Mesohippus or three-toed horse of this
period is also illustrated by a group placed at the north end of the
hall adjoining the titanotheres. Six individuals in life size are shown
in this group. A skeleton of a small saber-tooth tiger and skulls
38
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
and skeletons of a variety of extinct rhinoceroses, tapirs, wolves and
animals of less familiar names, further illustrate mammals of this
period. In one slab in a table case are remains of more than twenty
individuals of a member of the deer family known as Leptomeryx.
A number of skulls and jaws of South American fossil mammals
are to be found in the series along the west side of the hall.
Conspicuous among the exhibits of the next period, the Miocene,
is the slender skeleton of a fossil North American camel. Other
specimens include skeletons of the pig-like oreodonts, of extinct flesh-
eaters and of rodents; and skulls and legs of a great variety of extinct
rhinoceroses, horses, camels, wolves, mustelines and other less familiar
extinct species. One of these, Moropus elatus, belongs to the same
order of mammals as the horse, but it had claws. A model of an
immense pair of jaws with fossil teeth set in it, illustrates the size
of a great, extinct species of shark. A series of large, spiral fossils
designated as “Daemonelix” shows what are probably the natural
casts of an extinct plant. Trees related to the South American pine
are represented by a series of fossil cones and branches. In the
Miocene alcove of the South American series are exhibited a splendid
skeleton of the rare Astrapotherium, in recumbent position, and one
of the equally rare Homalodotherium in standing position. In an
adjoining case are skeletons of the smaller ground sloth Hapalops
and one of the cony-like Interatherium, together with a large series
of skulls of other Santa Cruz mammals. In a floor case may be
seen the skull of a baleen whale, Aglaocetus.
The remainder of the hall is devoted to fossils of the Pliocene
and Pleistocene periods. Being of more recent occurrence, these
fossils are preserved in greater variety and completeness than those
of earlier times.
In the Pliocene alcove of the South American series is a mounted
skeleton of the large glyptodont Eleutherocercus ; in a floor case in the
center is a fine carapace of the related glyptodont Plohophorus. On
the opposite side of the alcove is a group comprising a skeleton of
the smaller glyptodont Eosclaerocalyptus, and an articulated skeleton
of the slender ground sloth Pronothr other ium , with landscape back-
ground modeled in low relief. On the east side of the hall are speci-
mens of the North American rhinoceros, Teleoceras , a skeleton of the
great land tortoise Testudo orthopygia, and various smaller specimens.
Among the Pleistocene fossils are to be seen complete skeletons
of the Mammoth and Mastodon, of the Irish deer, of three of the
large ground sloths of South America, including the great sloth
Megatherium, a group of two skeletons of Scelidodon, and the pampa
sloth, Scelidotherium, exhibited as a skeleton in the earth. The
mounted skeleton of a smaller ground sloth, from the mountains of
Tarija, in Bolivia, is also exhibited. In an upright case may be
seen a splendid series of skulls of ground sloths varying in size and
structure. In the middle of the hall is a skeleton of the huge armadillo-
like Glyptodon. In upright cases are skeletons of the cave bear of
Europe, of the bird Dinornis of New Zealand, and of the saber-
tooth tiger and wolf of the Los Angeles “tar-beds.”
Many less complete skeletons, skulls, teeth, tusks, and other
remains are representative of the life of other animals of this period.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
39
Among the specimens is the skull of a cave man accompanied by a
stone lamp and other utensils, all partially embedded in a stony
cave deposit. Furnishing a climax to the series and illustrating the
arrival of Man in the geological succession, there is shown a full-
size reproduction of a cave man of the Neanderthal race with mem-
bers of his family and the rock shelter in which they lived.
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
First Floor:— Halls 12, 13, and 15-22
Ground Floor: — Hall N
First Floor
Hall 12: Domestic Mammals (Sculptures by Herbert
Haseltine). — Hall 12, which opens into the south end of George M.
Pullman Hall (Hall 13), is devoted to a special exhibit of British
champion domestic animals sculptured in bronze and marble by the
noted sculptor Herbert Haseltine. The figures are done in one-
fourth natural size and all are from living subjects especially studied
and modeled by the artist. There are nineteen subjects, including
horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs, many of them internationally famous
in their time on the turf or in the paddock. The collection was pre-
sented to the Museum by Trustee Marshall Field.
Hall 13: George M. Pullman Hall. Horned and Hoofed
Mammals. — This hall, which is immediately west of Stanley Field
Hall, is devoted to horned and hoofed mammals — game animals
from all parts of the world. Included are various representatives
of the deer family, the antelopes, gazelles, wild sheep, goats, and oxen.
In a case near the center of the hall are shown some of the smaller
hoofed animals, the dik dik, musk deer, mouse deer and others. Of
special interest are: the European red deer, shown in a case near the
north end of the hall; and, in the south end, a case with a series of
American mountain sheep, and another with a fine male American
bison.
Hall 15: Mammals— Systematic. — West of the north end
of George M. Pullman Hall is Hall 15. With the exception of those
represented in Pullman Hall, it contains members of the principal
groups of mammals of the world, arranged, so far as practicable,
according to their relationships. At the east end of the hall are
certain hoofed animals related to those in Pullman Hall, such as zebras,
tapirs, llamas, and wild pigs. Beginning then with the lower forms, the
monotremes or egg-laying mammals of Australia and the pouched
mammals or marsupials, there are shown various groups, such as
rodents, edentates (sloths, anteaters, etc.), fur-bearing mammals, the
cat family, the civet family, and the dog family, terminating with the
highest mammals, the monkeys and man-like apes. On the north
side two cases contain a noteworthy series of North American cats,
and black bears and their allies.
Hall 16: Richard T. Crane, Jr., Hall. American Mammals —
Habitat Groups. — Hall 16 contains habitat groups of North Ameri-
can mammals. Flanking the entrance at the east end of the hall are
40
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
groups of Rocky Mountain goats and Stone’s mountain sheep, both
of which may also be seen from Pullman Hall. Thence eastward are
four groups of the Virginia deer showing the difference in its appear-
ance and habits in the four seasons. These are followed by groups of
the American pronghorn antelope, mule deer, Olympic elk, Alaska
moose, grizzly bear, and glacier bear. In the western half of this hall
are further American groups, including the Alaska brown bear, polar
bear, musk-ox, bison, caribou, mountain lion, and beaver. These
are followed by groups of some of the more important mammals of
South America, the guanaco, tapir, great anteater, and marsh deer.
Opposite the North American beaver group is a group of capybara
and jaguar represented in a tropical jungle.
Hall 17: William V. Kelley Hall. Asiatic Mammals —
Habitat Groups. — An extensive series of habitat groups showing
the principal large mammals of Asia and adjoining islands is in course
of preparation in this hall. Seventeen of these have been completed
out of a total of twenty-one, and another is in course of preparation.
Among them are some of the more striking results of the expeditions
conducted by Theodore and Kermit Roosevelt, sons of former Presi-
dent Theodore Roosevelt, during the James Simpson-Roosevelts
Expedition of 1925 and the William V. Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition
of 1929. In the eastern half of this hall are groups of Marco Polo’s
sheep, Asiatic ibex, Indian rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, the large antelope
known as the nilgai or blue bull, and three Indian species of deer—
the sambar, swamp deer, and axis deer.
Facing the center of the hall, on the north side, is a group of the
very rare giant panda, showing two of these animals in a setting repre-
senting bamboo and mountain forest in western China. Opposite
this, on the west, is a group of the curious, long-snouted, ant-eating
sloth bears of India. On the south side and facing the center of the
hall are shown separately the common Indian leopard crouching on a
limb of a tree, and the rarer snow leopard with two young.
In the center of the west half of the hall are two large groups of
Indian wild oxen or “buffalo.” On the south side are water buffalo,
shown in a lowland scene, and accompanied by white “cow-herons”
and several small hog deer. Opposite are the gaurs or seladangs,
magnificent animals of rich coloration and imposing stature. Adjoin-
ing these is a group of blackbuck and chinkara — common antelopes
of India. A notable group on the south side of the hall is that of the
large heavy-bodied goat-antelope known as the takin, from the
mountains of western China.
A group of orangs, showing a family party in the treetops of
Borneo, occupies a space in the northwest corner of the hall. Near-by,
on the south side of the west entrance to the hall, is another group
of apes in the treetops, showing the bizarre species from Borneo
known as the proboscis monkey.
In the alcove south of the east entrance to Hall 17 is a case
devoted to mammals of the Chicago area.
Hall 18: Albert W. Harris Hall. Marine Invertebrates,
Fishes, Reptiles, and Amphibians. — The east half of this hall is
devoted to marine invertebrates and fishes; the west half to reptiles
and amphibians.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
41
Eight cases of marine invertebrates in the east end of the hall
contain models of protozoans or single-celled animals, and a series of
sponges, millepores, sea-fans, various kinds of corals, sea-stars and
sea-urchins. Most of these specimens, however, are necessarily only
the limy or horny skeletons of the animals and therefore some of them
give no indication of their bright colors in life. But the form and
color of the soft-bodied marine creatures like jellyfish, sea-anemones
and sea-cucumbers, are well represented by glass models.
The fishes are arranged in two series, one showing representatives
of the principal orders and families of fishes, and the other showing
special collections of Atlantic and Pacific food and game fishes, and
also Chicago market fishes. In the west end of the hall is displayed
temporarily a habitat group with a sawfish, small sharks, and rays.
Two habitat groups illustrate the insect life of the Indiana dunes
and the life history of the tomato worm moth.
The collection of reptiles includes representatives of the lizards,
3nakes, turtles, and crocodiles. Of particular interest are amphibians
and reptiles reproduced in celluloid. Noteworthy among these are
an American alligator with nest and eggs, a South American anaconda
installed in a natural setting, the so-called dragon lizard of Komodo,
and a reticulated python shown coiled about its eggs.
A habitat group of American crocodiles, temporarily detached
from exhibits of other reptiles, may be seen in the alcove at the side
of the west entrance to Hall 19. These animals are reproduced in
cellulose-acetate, a material resembling celluloid.
Hall 19: Osteology — Skeletons. — This hall contains skeletons
of the principal vertebrates or backboned animals. These include
fishes, frogs and their relatives, birds, and mammals. At the right of
the east entrance are the lower forms, fishes, etc., and at the left are the
higher apes and man. Near these is an interesting case illustrating
the history of the human skull. In the center toward the west end
is the huge skeleton of a right whale. East of this is the skeleton of
an Indian elephant. Of particular interest among the bird skeletons
is an assembled skeleton of the extinct great auk.
Hall 20: Birds — Habitat Groups. — Sixteen bird groups with
painted backgrounds are shown in the east half of Hall 20. The
majority of the groups are of North American birds, conspicuous
among which are the northern loon, golden eagle, California condor,
whooping crane, wild turkey, white pelican, and ruffed grouse. There
are also groups from tropical America including the flamingo, the
jabiru stork, horned screamer, and scarlet ibis.
In the west half of the hall a series of groups is being prepared to
illustrate the natural environment or habits of interesting foreign
birds. Nine of these groups are completed. The first contains eight
emperor penguins obtained in “Little America” by the Second Byrd
Antarctic Expedition, and it portrays in an admirable manner the
frigid home of these odd-shaped birds. Opposite the penguins is a
group of sea birds shown at their nesting grounds on Laysan Island
in the mid-Pacific. Conspicuous among them are albatrosses, gannets,
and man o’war birds. Adjoining the penguins on the south is a re-
cessed series of three groups showing birds of different environments
42
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
in various parts of Africa. In one of these are represented the
typical birds of the dense, rain-forest belt on the slopes of Mount
Cameroon, Africa. In the next group the village weaver birds and
their colonial nesting places are shown in a setting depicting the banks
of the Niger in French Sudan, and in the third group are displayed
the characteristic birds found in the Kalahari desert in Africa. Five
other groups occupy the western part of the north side of the hall.
Three of these are devoted to birds of tropical America in settings
showing a wealth of tropical vegetation. In central position is a
group of the long-tailed quetzal, national bird of Guatemala and one
of the most brilliantly colored of all birds. On the right is a group
of toucans and smaller birds in a semi-arid forest. In the northwest
corner of the hall is a group of the familiar European stork, specimens
and accessories for which were presented by the Polish-American
Chamber of Commerce in Warsaw, Poland. A pair of adult storks
are shown, together with their young and a roof-top nest in a Polish
village.
Hall 21: Birds — Systematic. — A systematically arranged col-
lection of birds in this hall includes representatives of the more
important orders and families. Cases on the north side of the hall
are devoted to North American birds, and those on the south side to
birds of foreign countries. The North American series, especially, hap
undergone revision by which the birds are arranged on natural perches
or bases instead of on shelves. Installation is completed for the diving
birds, gulls, shore-birds, ducks, hawks, owls, woodpeckers, sparrows,
warblers, thrushes, wrens, etc. Species known to occur in the state
of Illinois are marked with a red star. Foreign birds occupy the
entire south side of the hall and are in process of revision. Among
them are several noteworthy cases recently reinstalled, one devoted
to ostriches and allies, others to the parrot family, the birds of paradise,
the pheasants, grouse, etc. On the north side of the east end of the
hall are two wall cases containing extinct North American birds and
birds introduced into America. In the alcove north of the entrance to
this hall is a case of albino birds and mammals.
Hall 22: Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. African Mammals
—Habitat Groups. — This, the largest hall devoted to zoology,
occupies the entire west end of the building and is divided in the
middle by the stairway leading to the west entrance of the building
and the James Simpson Theatre. North of the stairway are many
groups of African mammals — lions, koodoos, zebras, buffaloes, and
various antelopes, including a group of the diminutive antelopes
known as dik diks. In the north end, in addition to a group of
greater koodoos, are reproductions of a hippopotamus and of a white
rhinoceros. These are made in cellulose-acetate by a process origi-
nated and developed in Field Museum. More life-like results are
obtained by this method than by mounting the skins of animals of
this type.
On the south side of the stairs is a group of the rare and strik-
ingly colored antelope known as the bongo, shown in a bamboo forest.
Also noteworthy is a very fine example of the giant sable antelope
from southwest Africa, as well as the rare giraffe-like okapi. Still
AN AFRICAN WATER-HOLE
Section of a large habitat group in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall
44
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
other groups are those of hyenas, cheetahs, warthogs, white-tailed
gnus, and the curious ant-eating aardvark. Of interest also is a
group of Abyssinian dassies or coneys, small animals resembling
rodents but related to the hoofed mammals. In temporary position
in this hall is a family of gorillas next to the central west wall, and
adjacent to it is a group of the distinctly marked guereza monkeys of
Ethiopia. At the south end of the hall is a very large group showing
various large mammals gathered at a water-hole in Abyssinia. Feat-
ures of this group, which is the largest in the Museum, are five
beautiful giraffes and a black rhinoceros with young.
Ground Floor
Hall N: Marine Mammals. — This hall, devoted to habitat
groups of marine mammals, is planned to accommodate ten large
groups, of which seven have been completed. In central position
as approached from the stairway leading to the ground floor, is a
very large and imposing group of northern sea lions, including
thirteen animals, and occupying a case forty feet in width and
seventeen feet deep. The painted background shows a scene on the
coast of Washington where the animals were collected. North of this
and also on the west side of the hall is a group of Pacific walrus in
a setting of Arctic ice floes suffused by the light of the midnight sun.
The elephant seal, largest of all seals, occupies a space south of the
sea lions. An enormous bull and four other animals are shown on the
beach of Guadalupe Island off the northwest coast of Mexico.
On the north side of the hall is a group of Pacific Harbor seals
variously disposed on kelp-covered rocks. On the east side, opposite
the walrus, is a group of the peculiar cetacean known as the narwhal.
Four animals, modeled in cellulose acetate, are shown swimming about
the submerged base of an iceberg. On the south side of the hall,
to the left of the elephant seals, is another undersea group showing
a pair of manatees or sea cows. Adjoining this on the left is an
Antarctic scene of snow and ice with a large female Weddell’s seal
and her young in the foreground, and others scattered in the distance.
Specimens for the last were collected by Rear-Admiral Richard E.
Byrd’s last expedition to “Little America.”
H. N. HIGINBOTHAM HALL
Hall 31, Second Floor: Gems and Jewels. — At head of
staircase leading from the south end of Stanley Field Hall.
This hall contains a large and valuable collection of gems and
jewels. There are shown many examples of nearly every known gem,
represented by both cut and uncut specimens. Many of the specimens
are of historic interest and of high intrinsic value. Attention may be
called especially to the DeVrees engraved diamond, the Hope,
Tiffany and Crane aquamarines, the Russian topazes, the series of cut
amethysts, and the Sun God opal.
In the series of diamonds there are shown, besides the engraved
diamond already mentioned, four cut stones and rough diamonds from
nearly all the important fields of the world. Emeralds are illustrated
by crystals from Colombia, Russia and Brazil. There is a fine series
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
45
of star sapphires, and both blue and yellow sapphires are represented
by large and attractive stones, the largest weighing ninety-nine and
one-half carats.
The Crane aquamarine, weighing 341 carats, and several other cut
aquamarines of exceptional quality and size, illustrate this variety of
beryl in unusual completeness and beauty. Gem topaz, both cut and
rough, is illustrated in a variety of colors. Blue, yellow, rose and color-
less stones are shown, the finest being the Crane rose topaz of ninety-
seven carats. A transparent, nearly colorless crystal of topaz from
Brazil, weighing ninety pounds, is also included in the series. Tour-
maline, zircon, garnet and peridot are other gem minerals well repre-
sented by cut and rough stones. Many cut and crystallized amethysts
from Brazil and other countries show the rich purple color and other
qualities of this stone at its best. A bowl, nine inches in diameter, cut
from one piece of rose quartz, is noteworthy for its rich color and size.
Precious opal is illustrated in a wide variety of colors from all the
important fields of the world. Besides the Sun God opal some exquisite
specimens of black opal are worthy of special notice. Pearls are
illustrated by pearl and shell from several regions, and a collection
showing range in color and size of culture pearls, with natural oriental
pearls for comparison.
Several crystal balls and various carvings of rock crystal, some of
which are of historic interest, illustrate the ornamental and other uses
of this semi-precious stone. Many other semi-precious stones are
illustrated in the collection both by cut and rough specimens. Gold
and platinum are represented by nuggets and other specimens showing
modes of occurrence of these metals in nature.
Nine cases in the hall are installed with mounted gems or with
worked forms of gold, representing the use of these materials in jewelry
among primitive and Oriental peoples in both early and later times.
Here are to be seen a number of examples of pre-Columbian gold orna-
ments from South America, of Egyptian and classical jewelry, and of
jewelry from India and Algeria. Babylonian, Roman, and Italian
cameos and intaglios are represented by many choice examples.
THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION
The N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department prepares
small portable cases containing natural history and economic exhibits,
and lends them to the schools of Chicago.
This service was made possible by the late Norman Wait Harris,
who in 1911 provided an endowment of $250,000. This endowment
has been supplemented in later years by contributions of more than
$224,000 from Mr. Albert W. Harris, son of the founder, and other
members of the family.
Approximately 1,200 cases are at present available for this
educational work. Other cases are being prepared. During the school
year two cases are sent t^ each school every two weeks. Deliveries
and collections are made by special motor trucks.
Examples of these cases are exhibited in Stanley Field Hall.
46
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE
RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC
SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES
Various educational activities for school children of Chicago are
provided by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation
for Public School and Children’s Lectures. An endowment of $500,000
was provided for this purpose in 1925 by Mrs. James Nelson Raymond.
Since that time, additional contributions totaling more than $59,000
have been made by Mrs. Raymond.
During the spring and autumn the Foundation provides series
of programs consisting of educational motion pictures, lectures,
and story hours. These programs are presented in the James Simpson
Theatre of the Museum. During the school year members of the
Raymond Foundation staff are sent to the public schools of Chicago
to give illustrated lectures. As many as 500 such lectures are given
during a year. Throughout the year, classes of children from both
elementary and high schools, and groups from community centers
and other organizations, are conducted on tours of the Museum
exhibits by Raymond Foundation lecturers. By arrangement with
the Board of Education of Chicago, a correlation of Museum exhibits
with the curriculum prescribed for the schools has been effected,
whereby children, brought to the Museum by their teachers, study
exhibits having a direct bearing on their current classroom work.
Raymond Foundation lecturers assist these groups.
THE MUSEUM LIBRARY
The Museum maintains a specialized reference Library containing
approximately 110,000 books and pamphlets on anthropology, botany,
geology, zoology and related subjects. Among these are the proceed-
ings, transactions and publications of learned societies, academies and
universities throughout the world, constituting a collection invaluable
in research work.
The ornithological section includes many rare and beautifully il-
lustrated volumes, the greater part of which were a gift from the late
Edward E. Ayer, former Trustee and first President of the Museum.
Also especially noteworthy is the Library’s large collection of
books on China, its history, language, and literature, including several
thousand volumes in the Chinese language. This collection was
bequeathed to the Museum by the late Dr. Berthold Laufer, former
Curator of Anthropology.
The Library is strictly a reference library, available for the use of
scientists, students, teachers, and others engaged in research work.
It is open weekdays from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., except Saturdays when
it closes at noon.
GENERAL MUSEUM INFORMATION
Location
Field Museum is located in Grant Park near Lake Michigan,
the main entrance facing Roosevelt Road at Field Drive. Regular
service direct to the entrance is maintained by the Jackson Boulevard
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
47
busses (No. 26) of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, with free
transfers to and from all other lines of the company. The Illinois
Central main and suburban station is only two blocks from the Mu-
seum. Surface cars of the Roosevelt Road Line have their eastern
terminus in Grant Park about a block from the Museum. Elevated
lines and interurban lines provide transportation to within a few
blocks of the Museum. There are excellent drives for automobiles,
and ample free parking space.
Hours and Rules of Admission
The Museum is open to the public every day of the year (except
Christmas and New Year’s Day) during the following hours:
November, December, January, February 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
March, April, September, October 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.
On Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays admission is free. On
other days an admission fee of 25 cents is charged to adults. No
return admission checks are issued.
Children are admitted free on all days. Students and
members of the faculty of any university, college, school or institute
are admitted free upon presentation of proper credentials.
Checking
Canes, umbrellas and parcels must be checked at the entrances.
Coats may also be checked. A fee of 5 cents is charged for this service.
Telephones
Public telephones are located west of the main (north) entrance.
Wheel Chairs
Visitors desiring the use of wheel chairs may obtain them at the
main (north) entrance. A fee of 25 cents per hour is charged for
chairs, and attendants must be furnished by the applicants. A
deposit of $1 is required on each chair.
The Book Shop
To provide a reliable source of supply for authoritative books in
the many fields of science within the scope of Field Museum, a Book
Shop is maintained at the east side of the north entrance to Stanley
Field Hall. Through The Book Shop there are available at one location
books by reputable authors on anthropological, botanical, geological,
and zoological subjects, as well as on explorations and other activities
related to the work of the Museum. Included are the products both
of Field Museum Press and of other publishers. All of the books
kept regularly in stock have been passed upon by qualified members
of the Museum’s scientific staff. There is a large selection of books for
children, as well as for adults. These include books which are amusing
as well as educational — books for reading to the youngest children,
books for reading by children of various ages, picture books, books
of drawings to be colored, attractively prepared atlases, etc. On
special orders the Museum Book Shop will obtain for purchasers
practically any book available from any publisher or dealer in the
48
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
world. Books may be purchased by mail order, but it is necessary to
require payment in advance, as the Museum does not carry accounts.
In addition to books, there are on sale miniature representations of
various animals in bronze and other materials, for use as souvenirs,
library decorations, and toys. Some of the larger figures are designed
to serve as book ends. There are also on sale illuminated globes
bearing maps of the world.
Lunch Rooms
There is a Cafeteria on the ground floor where meals and refresh-
ments may be obtained. Accommodations are provided near the
Cafeteria for school children and persons who bring their lunches.
Special Privileges
Hand cameras may be used at any time, but to make photo-
graphs requiring use of tripods or flashlights the Director’s permission
must be obtained. Likewise, for sketching requiring use of an easel,
chair, etc., the Director’s permission is necessary.
The Research Collections are not open to the public but may be
visited by students, specialists, and Members of the Museum upon
application to the Director when requests meet with the approval
of the Chief Curators.
Museum Tours and Guide Service
At 3 P.M., on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday of each week, guide-lecturers conduct tours through various
sections of the Museum. Thursday tours are general; on other
days special subjects are covered according to a schedule, copies of
which may be obtained at the north entrance or by mail on request.
Tours last an hour and may be taken, without charge, by any visitor.
The services of a guide-lecturer may also be engaged, without
charge, by clubs, conventions, classes from public, parochial and pri-
vate schools, or other parties of ten or more individuals. Written
application for this service should be made to the Director of the
Museum at least a week in advance of the intended visit.
Layman Lecture Tours on Sundays
Each Sunday afternoon at 2 o’clock, during the eight months’
period from October 1 to May 31, special lecture tours are offered
for adults. These are conducted by The Layman Lecturer, Mr.
Paul G. Dallwig, a Chicago business man and Member of the Museum,
whose deep interest in scientific subjects has led him to give his services
for this work without cost to those participating or to the institution.
He is an impressive and dramatic speaker, who conveys authentic
information about the exhibits seen on these tours. His subject is
changed each month, and information as to the current topic may
be obtained in advance from the Museum. The wide scope of his
lectures is indicated by the following typical titles: “Digging Up the
Caveman’s Past,” “Nature’s ‘March of Time,’ ” “The Parade of the
Races,” and “Gems, Jewels, and ‘Junk.’ ” It is necessary to make
reservations in advance for each Sunday tour, as the number that
can be accommodated is limited. Reservations may be made by
personal application to attendant at the North Entrance, by mail,
or by telephone (Wabash 9410).
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
49
Illustrated Lectures in the Theatre
Courses of free illustrated lectures on science and travel are given
for the public on Saturday afternoons at 2:30 o’clock during March,
April, October and November in the James Simpson Theatre on the
ground floor of the Museum. Men prominent in the fields of explora-
tion and research are engaged for these lectures. Both motion pic-
tures and colored stereopticon slides are used to illustrate them.
Other lectures, by members of the Museum’s scientific staff, are
frequently broadcast by various radio stations. Occasionally Ameri-
canization programs are presented for the foreign-born.
Field Museum has several classes of Members. Annual Members
contribute $10 annually. Associate Members pay $100 and are
exempt from dues. Sustaining Members contribute $25 annually
for six consecutive years, after which they become Associate Members
and are exempt from all further dues. Life Members give $500 and
are exempt from dues. Non-Resident Life Members pay $100, and
Non-Resident Associate Members $50; both of these classes are also
exempt from dues. The Non-Resident memberships are available
only to persons residing fifty miles or more from Chicago. Those
who give or devise to the Museum $1,000 to $100,000 are designated
as Contributors, and those who give or devise $100,000 or more
become Benefactors. Other memberships are Honorary, Patron,
Corresponding and Corporate, additions under these classifications
being made by special action of the Board of Trustees.
Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free admission to the
Museum for himself, his family and house guests, and to two reserved
seats for Museum lectures. Subscription to Field Museum News, a
monthly bulletin, is included with all memberships. The courtesies
of every museum of note in the United States and Canada are extended
to all Members of Field Museum. A Member may give his personal
card to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of which they
will be admitted to the Museum without charge. Further informa-
tion about memberships will be sent on request.
Field Museum has published forty-nine sets of post cards illus-
trating subjects represented in the exhibits of the Departments of
Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, and the N. W. Harris
Public School Extension. These cards are printed by the photo-
gravure process, and each one contains a brief text. The sets are in
special envelopes prepared for convenience in mailing, but they also
may be mailed as individual post cards if desired. They are suitable,
too, for mounting in albums, and can thus be made into a pictorial
natural history library. For children they are especially valuable.
Following are the subjects, number of cards in each set, and price:
Membership
Sets of Post Cards
Anthropology
Numbers and subjects of sets
Cards
in sets
Price
1. Archaic Bronzes, China
2. Sung Bronze Vases, China
16 $ .30
10 .20
50
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Numbers and subjects of sets
Cards
in sets
Price
3.
Bronze Figures, China
15
$ .30
4.
Ancient Pottery, China
14
.30
5.
Mortuary Clay Figures, a. Human Figures, China
10
.20
6.
Mortuary Clay Figures, b. Animal Figures, China
14
.30
7.
Buddhist Sculpture, Buddhas, China
7
.15
8.
Buddhist Sculpture, Bodhisatvas, China
14
.30
9.
Buddhist Sculpture, Monks, China
6
.10
10.
Buddhist and Taoist Sculptures, China
10
.20
11.
Imperial Costumes, China
6
.10
12.
Actors’ Costumes, China
8
.15
13.
Lama Mystery-play, Tibet
13
.30
14.
Folk Costumes, Tibet
10
.20
15.
Buddhistic Sculpture, India
14
.30
16.
Ancient Sculpture, Mexico
8
.15
17.
Ancient Pottery, Peru
15
.30
18.
Drums, Daggers, Bags, New Britain, New Guinea
11
.20
19.
Household Utensils, Admiralty Islands and New
Guinea
10
.20
20.
Human and Animal Figures, New Guinea
10
.20
21.
Ceremonial Masks, New Guinea and New Hebrides
8
.15
22.
Malagan Figures and Masks, New Ireland
10
.20
23.
Wooden Masks, New Guinea and New Britain
10
.20
24.
Prepared Human Heads, New Guinea and New
Hebrides
8
.15
25.
Alabaster Jars, Egypt
12
.25
26.
Bronzes and Ivory Carvings, Benin, West Africa
12
.25
27.
Medicine-man, Wooden Masks, etc., Cameroon
8
.15
28.
Bronzes: Races of Mankind
30
.50
29.
Man of the Stone Age
10
.20
30.
African Races: Sculptures in Hall 3
18
.35
31.
American Races: Sculptures in Hall 3
12
.25
32.
Asiatic Races: Sculptures in Hall 3
30
.50
33.
European Races: Sculptures in Hall 3
10
.20
34.
Oceanic and Australian Races: Sculptures in Hall 3
16
.30
35.
Bronzes: Races of Mankind (complete set)
80
1.50
1.
Botany
Miscellaneous Plants
12
.25
1.
Geology
Restorations of Ancient Landscapes, Plants and
Animals
14
.30
2.
Neanderthal (Mousterian) Man
10
.20
3.
The Mesohippus, a Three-toed Horse
6
.10
1.
Zoology
Apes and Monkeys
8
.15
2.
Interesting Large Rodents
7
.15
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
51
Numbers and subjects of sets
Cards
in sets
Price
3.
Marsupials, or Pouched Mammals
8
$ .15
4.
Tarantulas, Centipedes and Scorpions
10
.20
5.
Skates and Rays of American Waters
10
.20
6.
Common American Moths
10
.20
7.
Common Illinois Butterflies
20
.40
8.
North American Mammals: Habitat Groups
18
.35
9.
African Game Animals
19
.35
10.
British Champion Animals: Sculptures in Hall 12
20
.40
N. W. Harris Public School Extension
1.
Types of cases loaned to Chicago schools
7
.15
Post card sets on other subjects will be added from time to time.
Other Post Cards and Pictures
Post cards of miscellaneous subjects selected from among the
Museum exhibits are on sale at the north or main entrance at the
rate of two for 5 cents.
Antiquities of Ancient Ireland — ten photogravures, 6" x 9". 5 cents.
Field Museum Album — contains ten cabinet views 5^" x 7" and
ten photogravure post cards. 25 cents.
A portfolio of forty-seven photogravures of mounted animals
and of sculpture representing the work of Carl E. Akeley in Field
Museum. Plates are 9" x 12", and are packed in de luxe carton. $2.
Abyssinian Birds and Mammals, from paintings by Louis Agassiz
Fuertes. 32 lithographic reproductions, 10" x 12", of birds and mam-
mals, packed in carton. $3. In de luxe cover $5.
Photographs of most of the outstanding exhibits are on sale.
These are available at $1 per print when sold for personal use only;
when purchaser intends using them for publication or reproduction
in any form the price is $2 per print. Some are copyrighted. Per-
mission to reproduce photographs must be obtained from the Director
of the Museum, and is granted only on condition that courtesy lines
giving credit to Field Museum of Natural History shall appear with
the reproductions, and upon compliance with other requirements the
Museum may make.
All of the post cards, pictures, albums, etc., may be obtained at the
information desk at the main or north entrance of the Museum.
List and Prices of Illustrated Leaflets Issued by Field Museum
Anthropology
1 — Chinese Gateway. By Berthold Laufer. 8 pages, 1
photogravure. February, 1922. ( Supply exhausted.) $ —
2 — Philippine Forge Group. By F. C. Cole. 4 pages, 1
photogravure. February, 1922. .10
3 — Japanese Collections. By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 20 pages,
6 photogravures. April, 1922.
.20
52
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
4 — New Guinea Masks. By A. B. Lewis. 12 pages, 6 photo-
gravures. June, 1922. $ .15
5 — The Thunder Ceremony of the Pawnee. By Ralph
Linton. 20 pages, 4 photogravures. October, 1922. .20
6 — The Sacrifice to the Morning Star. By Ralph Linton. 20
pages, 1 photogravure. November, 1922. .10
7 — Purification of the Sacred Bundles. By Ralph Linton.
11 pages, 1 photogravure. April, 1923. .10
8 — Annual Ceremony of the Pawnee Medicine Men. By
Ralph Linton. 20 pages, 2 photogravures. April, 1923. .10
9 — The Use of Sago in New Guinea. By A. B. Lewis. 9
pages, 4 photogravures, 3 text-figures. July, 1923. .10
10 — Use of Human Skulls and Bones in Tibet. By Berthold
Laufer. 16 pages, 1 halftone. July, 1923. .10
11 — The Japanese New Year’s Festival, Games and Pastimes.
By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 18 pages, 8 halftones. July,
1923. .15
12 — Japanese Costume. By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 26 pages,
4 photogravures. December, 1923. .20
13 — Gods and Heroes of Japan. By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 24
pages, 4 photogravures. May, 1924. .15
14 — Japanese Temples and Houses. By Helen C. Gunsaulus.
20 pages, 4 photogravures. May, 1924. .15
15 — Use of Tobacco among North American Indians. By
Ralph Linton. 27 pages, 6 photogravures. December,
1924. .20
16 — Use of Tobacco in Mexico and South America. By J.
Alden Mason. 15 pages, 6 photogravures. January,
1925. .15
17 — Use of Tobacco in New Guinea and Neighboring Regions.
By Albert B. Lewis. 10 pages, 2 photogravures. Jan-
uary, 1925. .10
18 — Tobacco and Its Use in Asia. By Berthold Laufer. 39
pages, 10 photogravures. January, 1925. .25
19 — Introduction of Tobacco into Europe. By Berthold
Laufer. 66 pages. January, 1925. .25
20 — The Japanese Sword and Its Decoration. By Helen C.
Gunsaulus. 21 pages, 4 photogravures. January, 1925. .15
21 — Ivory in China. By Berthold Laufer. 78 pages, 10 photo-
gravures, 13 text-figures. August, 1925. .60
22 — Insect Musicians and Cricket Champions of China. By
Berthold Laufer. 28 pages, 12 photogravures, 1 cover
design. July, 1927. .40
23 — Ostrich Egg-shell Cups of Mesopotamia and the Ostrich
in Ancient and Modern Times. By Berthold Laufer.
52 pages, 9 photogravures, 10 text-figures, 1 cover
design. April, 1926. .30
24 — Indian Tribes of the Chicago Region. With special
reference to the Illinois and the Potawatomi. By
William D. Strong. 36 pages, 8 photogravures.
December, 1926. .25
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
53
25 — The Civilization of the Mayas (Third Edition). By J.
Eric Thompson. 104 pages, 14 photogravures, 11 text-
figures, 1 map, 1 cover design. June, 1936. $ .60
26 — The Early History of Man. By Henry Field. 18 pages,
8 photogravures, 1 map, 1 cover design. June, 1927.
( Supply exhausted.) —
27 — The Giraffe in History and Art. By Berthold Laufer.
100 pages, 9 photogravures, 1 vignette, 23 text-figures,
1 cover design. March, 1928. .60
28 — The Field Museum-Oxford University Expedition to Kish,
Mesopotamia, 1923-1929. By Henry Field. 34 pages,
14 photogravures, 2 maps. December, 1929. .50
29 — Tobacco and Its Use in Africa. By Berthold Laufer,
Wilfrid D. Hambly, and Ralph Linton. 45 pages, 6
photogravures. January, 1930. .25
30 — The Races of Mankind. By Henry Field, with a preface
by Berthold Laufer and an introduction by Sir Arthur
Keith. 40 pages, 9 photogravures, 1 plan of hall. May,
1933. .25
31 — Prehistoric Man. Hall of the Stone Age of the Old World.
By Henry Field, with a foreword by Berthold Laufer.
44 pages, 8 photogravures, 1 map, 1 cover plate. July,
1933. .25
32 — Primitive Hunters of Australia. By Wilfrid D. Hambly.
60 pages, 12 photogravures, 1 map. February, 1936. .30
33 — Archaeology of South America. By J. Eric Thompson.
160 pages, 12 photogravures, 18 text figures. July,
1936. .75
Design Series
1 — Block Prints from India for Textiles. By A. B. Lewis.
24 plates, 2 of which are in colors, 2 text-figures. Feb-
ruary, 1924. .50
2 — Javanese Batik Designs from Metal Stamps. By A. B.
Lewis. 24 plates, 2 of which are in colors, 2 text-figures.
September, 1924. .50
3 — Chinese Baskets. By Berthold Laufer. 38 photogravures
and preface of 2 pages, in carton. December, 1925. 1.25
4 — Decorative Art of New Guinea. By A. B. Lewis. 1
photogravure, preface of 2 pages, 52 halftones. April,
1926. .75
5 — Carved and Painted Designs from New Guinea. By A. B.
Lewis. 1 photogravure, preface of 3 pages, 52 halftones.
January, 1931. 1.25
Botany
1 — Figs. By B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages, 1 photogravure.
February, 1922. .10
2 — Coco Palm. By B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages, 2 photogravures.
February, 1922. .10
3 — Wheat. By B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages, 1 photogravure.
February, 1922. .10
54
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
4 — Cacao. By B. E. Dahlgren. 14 pages, 2 photogravures,
3 text-figures. November, 1922. $ .10
5 — A Fossil Flower. By B. E. Dahlgren. 16 pages, 6 half-
tones, 4 zinc etchings. April, 1924. .10
6 — The Cannon-ball Tree. By B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages,
6 photogravures. February, 1925. .10
7 — Spring Wild Flowers. By J. Francis Macbride. 32 pages,
2 photogravures, 28 halftones. May, 1924. .25
8 — Spring and Early Summer Wild Flowers. By J. Francis
Macbride. 30 pages, 2 photogravures, 28 halftones.
June, 1924. .25
9 — Summer Wild Flowers. By J. Francis Macbride. 30
pages, 1 color plate, 2 photogravures, 28 halftones.
June, 1924. .25
10 — Autumn Flowers and Fruits. By J. Francis Macbride.
30 pages, 1 color plate, 2 photogravures, 28 halftones.
October, 1924. .25
11 — Common Trees (Second Edition). By J. Francis Macbride.
44 pages, 2 photogravures, 43 halftones. February,
1936. .25
12 — Poison Ivy. By James B. McNair. 12 pages, 6 halftones,
I cover design. April, 1926. .15
13 — Sugar and Sugar-making. By James B. McNair. 34 pages,
8 halftones, 1 cover design. October, 1927. .25
14 — Indian Corn. By James B. McNair. 34 pages, 6 half-
tones, 1 cover design. February, 1930. .25
15 — Spices and Condiments. By James B. McNair. 64 pages,
II zinc etchings. August, 1930. .25
16 — Fifty Common Plant Galls of the Chicago Area. By
Carl F. Gronemann. 30 pages, 1 colored plate, 51 zinc
etchings. September, 1930. .25
17 — Common Weeds. By Paul C. Standley. 32 pages, 27
photogravures. September, 1934. .25
18 — Common Mushrooms. By Leon L. Pray. 68 pages, 66
text figures, 1 cover design. July, 1936. .50
19 — Old-Fashioned Garden Flowers. By Donald Culross
Peattie. 32 pages, 28 text figures, 1 cover design.
November, 1936. .25
20 — House Plants. By Robert Van Tress. 36 pages, 31 text
figures, 1 cover design. April, 1937. .35
21 — Tea. By Llewelyn Williams. 30 pages, 9 photogravures,
1 cover design. July, 1937. .25
22 — Coffee. By B. E. Dahlgren. 44 pages, 14 collotypes,
1 zinc etching, 1 cover design. May 25, 1938. .25
Geology
1 — Arizona Gold Mine. By H. W. Nichols. 12 pages,
1 photogravure. May, 1922. .10
2 — Models of Blast Furnaces for Smelting Iron. By H. W.
Nichols. 12 pages, 3 photogravures. November, 1922. .10
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS
55
3 — Amber. By 0. C. Farrington. 7 pages, 3 colored photo-
gravures, 1 photogravure (monotone). July, 1920. $ .10
4 — Meteorites. By O. C. Farrington. 11 pages, 4 photo-
gravures. September, 1923. .10
5 — Soils. By H. W. Nichols. 13 pages, 6 photogravures.
April, 1925. .10
6 — The Moon. By O. C. Farrington. 13 pages, 2 photo-
gravures. October, 1925. .10
7 — Early Geological History of Chicago. By H. W. Nichols.
30 pages, 4 photogravures, 6 maps in colors, 9 text
figures. September, 1925. .25
8 — Agate — Physical Properties and Origin. By O. C. Far-
rington. Archaeology and Folk-lore. By Berthold
Laufer. 36 pages, 10 photogravures, 4 colored plates,
1 colored text figure. July, 1927. .50
9 — How Old Are Fossils? By Sharat K. Roy. 12 pages, 4
photogravures. June, 1927. .15
10 — Famous Diamonds. By O. C. Farrington. 28 pages, 4
photogravures, 1 colored plate. February, 1929. .25
11 — Neanderthal (Mousterian) Man. By O. C. Farrington
and Henry Field. 16 pages, 8 photogravures, 1 map.
October, 1929. .15
12 — Cement. By H. W. Nichols. 16 pages, 4 photogravures.
October, 1929. .15
13 — The Geological History and Evolution of the Horse. By
Elmer S. Riggs. 54 pages, 19 photogravures, 4 text
figures, 1 cover illustration. November, 1932. .40
14 — A Forest of the Coal Age. By B. E. Dahlgren. 40 pages,
2 photogravures, 20 halftones, 4 zinc etchings, 1 cover
design. October, 1933. .25
Zoology
1 — White-tailed Deer. By Wilfred H. Osgood. 12 pages, 1
photogravure. April, 1922. .10
2 — Chicago Winter Birds. By Colin C. Sanborn. 12 pages,
1 photogravure. November, 1922. .10
3 — The American Alligator. By Karl P. Schmidt. 16 pages,
2 photogravures. January, 1923. .10
4 — The Periodical Cicada. By William J. Gerhard. 14
pages, 4 photogravures. March, 1923. .10
5 — The Alligator Gar. By Alfred C. Weed. 16 pages, 3
photogravures. April, 1923. .10
6 — The Wild Turkey. By John T. Zimmer. 15 pages, 1
photogravure. March, 1924. .10
7 — The Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo. By Lieutenant-Colonel
J. H. Patterson, D.S.O. 40 pages, 6 halftones, 1 map.
October, 1925. .50
8 — Mammals of the Chicago Area. By Colin C. Sanborn.
24 pages, 3 halftones, 19 zinc etchings. January, 1926. .20
56
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
9 — Pike, Pickerel and Muskalonge. By Alfred C. Weed.
52 pages, 8 colored plates, 4 text-figures, 1 cover design.
June, 1927. $ .50
10 — The Truth about Snake Stories. By Karl P. Schmidt.
20 pages (no illustrations). January, 1929. .15
11 — The Frogs and Toads of the Chicago Area. By Karl P.
Schmidt. 16 pages, 4 photogravures, 1 colored plate.
February, 1929. .25
12 — The Salamanders of the Chicago Area. By Karl P.
Schmidt. 16 pages, 2 photogravures, 1 colored plate,
1 zinc etching, 1 cover design. October, 1930. .25
13 — Sculptures by Herbert Haseltine of Champion Domestic
Animals of Great Britain. 6 pages of text, 19 photo-
gravures (with captions opposite). June, 1934. .25
14 — Turtles of the Chicago Area. By Karl P. Schmidt. 24
pages, 2 colored plates, 10 text figures. .2&
Special Leaflet
1 — Lion Spearing. By Carl E. Akeley. 7 pages, 3 photo-
gravures. September, 1926. .15
Guides
Anthropology Guide, Part I. Oriental Theatricals. By
Berthold Laufer. 60 pages, 11 photogravures. .25
Anthropology Guide, Part II. Archaeology of North America.
By Paul S. Martin. 122 pages, 8 photogravures, 10 text
figures. .50
Anthropology Guide, Part III. Ethnology of Africa. By
Wilfrid D. Hambly. 226 pages, 42 photogravures. 1.50
Anthropology Guide, Part V. Ethnology of Melanesia. By
Albert B. Lewis. 210 pages, 64 photogravures. 1.75
Anthropology Guide, Part VI. Ethnology of Polynesia and
Micronesia. By Ralph Linton. 192 pages, 73 illustrations. .35
Botany Guide. North American Trees. By Samuel J. Record.
120 pages, 84 zinc etchings. .50
Handbooks
Handbook. General information concerning the Museum,
its history, building, exhibits, expeditions, and activi-
ties. Seventh edition. January, 1938. 73 pages,
9 halftones. .25
Flora of the Indiana Dunes. By Donald C. Peattie. May,
1930. 432 pages, 38 halftones. 2.00
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