(Hij? i.f. l^iUliitbrarg
Norttf CUaroUna S-tate CfloUpg?
fD5
105:389
This book must not be
taken from the Library
building.
GENERAL HISTORY
DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS,
COMPRISING COMPLETE
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS;
TOGETHER WITH THE
CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES;
THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND
USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY;
THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS
ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS,
AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINNvEAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS,
AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED:
THE WHOLE
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM.
BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S.
IN FOUR VOLUMES.
Vol. IV.— COROLLIFLOR^.
LONDON:
PlilNTED FOU J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON ; JliFFERV
AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.;
HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON.
MDCCCXXXVIII.
LONDON :
GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS
ST. John's square.
INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME,
COMPRISING THF.
SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES.
In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters; the synonymes in Italics; the names of Classes,
Sub-classes and Orders in large capitals ; and the names of Sub -orders and Tribes in small capitals.
Acerates, 143
Achetaria, 536
Achras, 33
Achras, 29, 30. XWX<
Achyrospermum, fiijfi, y.'iV
Aciiios, 782
Acnistus, 4GI
Acokanthera, 485, 4fi(i
Acopa, 1C7
Acosta, 37
Acrocephaius, i'llZt
Acynos, 768
Adenosma, 53!l
Adenum, 80
Aderno-tree, Hi
jEgiceras, 8
iCoiCERE.E, 7
jEginetia, 635
.5;gochloa, 246
yEolIanthus, 685
/Ethiopis, 722. 72!)
jEschynanthus, 656, 657
Afzelia, 558
Agalmyla, 657
Aganosma, 77
Agassizia, 532
Agathotes, 177- 178
Ageratum, 596
Ahouai, 97
Aikinia, 665
Ajuga, 870-873
Ajuga, 822. 836. 863
Ajl'goide;e, 860
Alafia, 105
Aldea, 396
Alectoroloplms, 612. 618, 619.
624
Alectra, 635
Alkekengi, 449
Alkekengi, 448, 449- 457
Allamanda, 102, 103
ALLAM.1NDIE.E, 102
Alloplectus. 654, 655
Alonsoa, 513
Alapecuros, 823
Alstonia, 86, 87
Alstonia, 1
ALSTONIE.E, 86
Alyxia, 96, 97
Alvxie.1, 96
Amaracus, 764
Amara, 409
Ambellania, 102
Amblatum, 635
Amblatum. 633, 634
Ambleia, 832
Amethystea, 860-861
Amphicome, 665
Amphilophium, 226
Amsinckia, 373, 374
Adenema, 201
Anabata, 166
Anagalloides, 551
Ananlherix, 145
Anarrhinum, 531, 532
Artasser, 166
Aiiassera, 165
Anchusa, 339-343
Anchusa, 309. 314. 324-327-
336-338. 345, 346, 348,
349. 351. 359
ANCHUSE.E, 339
Andersoitia, 16f;
Andrewsia, 184
Androcera, 438
Angelonia, 609
Angelonia, 609
Anguillarta, 12, 13. 17-19
Aniseia, 295
Anisochilus, 685
Anisodus, 457
Anisomeles, 821, 822
Atiisomeles, 836
Anonymos, 87. 169. 171- 303.
326
Anoplon, 633, 634
ANTHOCERCE.E, 478
Anthocercis, 478
Anthocleista, 68
Anthyllis, 300
Antikrhine-e, 514
Antirrhinum, 514-517
Antirrhinum, 517-532. 534.
548. 555
Antonia, 664
Antura, 104
Aphyllon, 628
Aphanochilus, 713, 714
APOCYNE^E. 69
Apocynum, 80-82
Apocynum, 72, 73. 78. 80. 83.
85. 127. 143. 154. 156.
158. 162
Apple of Sodom, 433
Aquariia, 425
Arapabaca, 170
Aragoa, 237
ARAGOACEjE, 236
Araujia, 148, 149
Archangel, 817-819
Arckimenes, 550. 645. 653
Ardisia, 13-20. 23
Ardisia,9, 10. 13. 21
Ardisiacees, 7
Ardisie^e, 8
Arduina, 104
Argania, 27, 28
Arghel, 154
Arguzia, 369
Argylia, 229
Argyreia, 254-257
Argyreia, 253, 254. 263
Argyreia;, 253
Arnebia, 322
Artenema, 549, 550
Asarina, 515. 638
ASCLEPIADE^, 106
Asclepias, 139-142
Asclepias, 81. 124-127. 129-
133.135-138. 143-147.149.
151-157- 160, 161
AsclepiejE, 139
Ash, 53-56
Ash, Common, 53, 54
Ash, Flowering, 56, 57
Ash, Manna, 56, 57
Asperugo, 357
^sperugo, 337. 341
Aspidosperma, 103
Astephanus, 158
Asterias, 184
Astianthus, 228
Athrurophyllum, 10
Atropa, 455-457
Atropa, 418. 451, 452. 455.
457. 461. 479
Aubergene, 432
Audibertia, 757
Audibertia, 720
Azima, 105
B.
Bacula, 34
Badula, 12
Bceobotrys, 22
Balfouria, 84
Ballota, 843, 844
Ballota, 702, 703. 821. 822.
846
A 2
Balm, 780-784
Balm, Basil, 782
Balm, Common, 783
Balm, Field, 781
Balm of Gilead, 815
Balm, Mountain, 781
Barthesia, 12
Bartonia, 184
Bartsia, 612
Bartsia, 561. 581. 613-615
Bastard Balm, 815
Basil, 670-674
Basil, Least, 670, 671
Basil, Sweet, 67O 674
Basil, Wild, 782, 783
Basilicum, 670. 672
Bassia, 35, 36
Bassovia, 417
Bastard Jasmine, 481-485
Batata, 400
Batatas, 260-262
Batschia, 325, 326. 372
Bean-trefoil, 167
Beaumontia, 77
Becabunga, 576
Beech Drops, 634
Bell Pepper, 446
Belladonna, 456, 457
Belladonna, 456. 461
Bellardia, 612
Bellinia, 451, 452
Belostemma, 130
Benzoin, 6
Bergamint, 718
Beringeria, 843, 844
Besleria, 651, 652
Besleria, 533. 653 656. 661
Besleriej;, 651
Bessera, 319
Betonica, 804. 823, 824. 831-
833
Betony, 823, 821
Beurreria, 389, 390
Beyrichia, 535
Bignonia, 216-222
Bigmmia. 87. 222-226. 228-
231. 657
BIGNONIACE.*:, 214
Bignonits, 214
Bigsonie.e, 216
Bindweed, 283-294
Bindweed, Common, 296
Bird Pepper, 447
Bitter-Sweet, 409
Blacksloniu, 198
Blackwellia, 214
Bladder-Nut, African, 42
Bladhia, \^
Blattaria, 496
Blephilia, 759, 760
Blinkworthia, 257
Boea, 608
Bcea, 608
Bog-bean, 167
Bolivaria, 58
Bonamia, 300
Bonarota, 58t>
Bonnaya, 537, 53«
Bonnaya, 549, 550
Bonplandia, 247
Borage, 309
B0R.\GE.€, 309
BORAGINE.E, 306
Boraginoides, 309. 31 1
Borago, 309
Borugo, 309. 31 1
Borckhaitsenia, 616
Boschniakia, 634
Bothriospermum, 348
Boucerosia, 123
Bovea, 539
Box-Thorn, 457-461
Brachycoris, 539
Brachylepis, 161
Brachystelma, 124, 125
Brachystemum, 763
Bramia, 546
Bramia, 546
Breweria, 299, 300
Brook-lime, 576
Broom-Rape, 628-631
Brotera, 703
Browallia, 477, 478
Browallia, 582
Brunella, 790
Brunfelsia, 476
Brugmansia, 474, 475
Buchnera, 583-585
Buchnera, 582, 583. 585. 588,
589. 591, 592. 645
BIICHNERE.E, 582
Buck-bean, I67. 168
Buddlea, 596 601
Biiddlea, 6^7
BUDDLlEiE, 596
Bugle, 870-873
Bugle, Common. 871
Bughsoides, 321, 324
105389
IV
INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME.
Bugloss, 338-343
BUGLOSSE^, 339
Buglossmn, 338, 339. 340.
342. 368
Bugula, 791. 870-873
Bullv-tree. 33
Bum'elia, 29-31
Biniieiia, 11. 14.
Bungea, 613
Burgsdorffia, 840
Bystropogon, 761, 762
Bysiropogon, 702, 703. 710.
780
C.
Caballeria, 10, 11
Caconapea, 547
Cahan Lagueii, 204
Caimito, 33
Cainito, 31
Calabash-tree, 232
Calamintha, 771. 779 782.
784. 809
Calamint, 784
Calampelis, 231, 232
Calabura, 3.83
Calathian Violet, 193-195
Calhoa, 259
Calceolaria, 602-608
Calceolaria, 608
C'ALCEOL.'lRIE.E, 601
Caldasia, 247
Callopisma, 197
Calonyction, 263, 264
Calorhabdos, 580
Calosacme, 659, GCO
Calosanthes, 229
Calotropis, 146, 147
Calpicarpum, 100
Calves-snout, 516
Culycabolos, 299
CutydermoSf 457
Calystegia, 296, 297
Calystegia, 295. 297
Calytriplex, 545
Cameraria, 92
Cameraria, 80. 86
Caviettia, 82
Campanistnim, 827
Campsis, 230
Campuleia, 583
Canala, 372
Caniram, 65
Catmychum, 124
Canopholis, 634
Canscora, 198, 199
Cantua, 248, 249
Cantua, 244-248. 486
Capparis, 104
Capraria, 642
Capraria, 543. 545. 548. 551.
616,617. 642
Capsicum, 444-447
Caralluma, 122, 123
Caralluma, 123
Carandas, 104
Caeandieje, 103
Caranga, 544
Cardiaca, 819-821. 830
Cargillia, 43
Carissa, 104, 105
Carissa, 78
Carmona, 391
Carpodinus, 101
Cartoffei, 400
Caruncularia, 122
Cassida, 791. 793. 795. 797
Castilleja, 614-616
Catalpa, 230
Ca/an«, 806, 807. 810
Catharamlius, 95
Cat-mint, 803-811
Cat-mint, Common, 807
Cat Thyme, 867
Cavanillea, 40, 41
Celsia, 498, 499
Celsia, 513
Centaurella, 183, 184
Ceutuurium, 199. 204
Centaury, 204
Centranthera, 562
Centronia, 663
Ceratithera, 789
Ccranthus, 52
Cerbera, 97
Cerbera, 98, 99, 100
Cercocoma, 83
Cerdava, 381
Cedronella, 815, 816
Cerinthe, 320, 321
Cerinthe, 314. 316
Cerinthoides, 317
Ceropegia, 109-112
Ceropegia, 153. 158
CestrinevE, 480. 486
Oestrum, 480-485
Cestrum, 461. 485, 486
Cheetoslachys, 710
Chailurus, 821
Chaixia, 498
Chamepclema, 809
CImmadrys, 867, 868
Chamtcpi'thys, 873
Chasmonia, 856
Cheilyctis, 759
Cheiranthus, 590
CHELONE;E, 636
Chelone, 640, 641
Chcloiie, 6.36-640. 664
Chenostoma, 589-591
Cherry-pepper, 446
Chilli-pepper, 444-447
Chilocarpus, 101
Chilodia, 798
Chilopsis, 228
Chionanthus, 50
Cftlonanllius, 50. 52, 53
Chirata, 659, 600
C/urata, 178
Chirayta, 178
Chirita, 657
Chironia, 202, 203
Chironia, 199. 203-207. 212,
213
Chironix, 202
Chlora, 198
Chlora, 207
Chondrospermum, 50
Chonemorpha, 76
Choripetalum, 21
Chotekia, 713
Chrysophyllum, 31, 32
ChrtisophyUum, 10, 11. 28-31
Cladostyles, 302
Clandcslinay 634
Clary, 728-730
Clary, Common, 728
Clary, Green -topped, 727
Clary, Purple-topped, 727
Clary, Red-topped, 727
Clavija, 25
Clearing Nut, 65
Clethra, 5
Cterodendrum, 863
Clhmpodiiim, 612 686. 696.
762. 782-784. 845. 849
Clown's Ail-Heal, 827
Cimhmlis, 193
Ciponima, 2
Cistanthe, 633
Cobffia, 236
COBEACE^, 236
Codon, 251, 252
Codonanthus, 166
Cudoiiophora, 650
Coilantha, 184- 18G
Coleus, 682-685
Coleus, 678
Coldenia, 365
Colebrookia, 715
CoUinsia, 555, 556
Collinsonia 773, 774
Collomia, 246, 247
Colly r is, 133-135
Colquhounia, 857
Colsmannia, 313
Columellia, 58
COLUMELLIE^E, 57
Columnea,-6.'j2, 653
Columnea, 541-543. 550. 645.
Comfrey, 312, 313
Conchophyllum, 134, 135
Conobea, 535. 552
Conobea, 541. 555
Cononiorpha, 8
Conopharyngia, 94, 95
Coiiostylus, 8
Conradia, 650, 651
Conrudia, 560
Conradie;e, 650
CONVOLVULACE*, 252
CONVOLVULE^, 258
Comolvuloides, 262, 263
Convolvulus, 283-294
Convolvulus, 253-283. 295-
303. 30G
Ccrdia, 375-387
Cordia, 371. 387, 388. 390,
391
Carims, 379
COROLLjEFLORvE, 1
Cortesia, 390, 391
Coryanthus, 759
Corynocarpus, 23
Cosmostigma, 132
Couma, 102
Coutoubea, 201
CoutoubEjE, 200
Cow-wheat, 626, 627
Crabowskia, 480
Crafurdia, 200
Craniolaria, 235
Craiiiolaria, 650
Craniospermuni, 327
Craniotome, 836
Crattcogonu-m, 626
Crescentia, 232
Crescentia, 233
Crescentie.^, 232
Cressa, 300
Crista gain, 618, 619
Cryphia, 798
Cryptostegia, 164
Cryptostomum, 37
Crytolepis, 82
Cudicia, 80
Cujete, 232
Cullumia, 207
j Cunila, 774, 775
Cunila, 775, 776. 779- 786.
801
Cuscuta, 303-305
j CuscuTE.ii, 303
I Curania, 544
Curare, 66
Curtitt, 202
Cyatltospermuvi, 67
Cybanthera, 540
Cybianthus, 8, 9
) Cymaria, 873, 874
Cymbalaria, 518-520
Cymbaria, 627
Cymbarie^e, 627
Cychnium, 586
Cyclostegia, 714
Cynanchum, 150-155
Cynanclmm, 124. 130-132. 137,
138. 148,149. 156-159. 162
Cynoctonum, 97. 171
Cynoglosse*, 348
Cynoglossoides, 309. 311
Cynoglossum, 352. 357
Cynoglossum, 310, 311. 347-
349.351, 352
Cyrilla, 543. 645
Cyrtandra, 660-662
Cyriandra, 657. 663
CVRTANDRACEiE, 656
Cyrtandracere, 643
Cyrtandre^, 660
Cyrtophyllum, 66
D.
Da:inia, 156
Dalbergaria, 655
Dalea, 478
Uartus, 486
Dasy Stephana, 186, 187. 194
Date Plum, 38-41
Date Plum, Virginian, 39
Datura, 472-474
Datura, 475
DATUREiE, 472
Dead Nettle, 819
Deadly Nightshade, Common,
456, 457
Deadly Nightshade, 455-457
Decalepis, 162
Deianira, 197
Delostoma, 228
Dentaria, 634
Dentidia, 682
Demidofia, 303
Desfontainia, 213, 214
DESFONTAINIE.E, 213
Dethardingia, 299
Diapensia, 239
Diderota, 99
Didymocarpe;e, 658
Didymocarpus, 658, 659
Didymocarpus, 658-660
Dicaryimi, 67
Dicerandra, 789
Diceros, 546, 547
Diceros, 550
Dichondra, 302, 303
Dichondre.'e, 302
Dichroma, 665
DicJidanthera, 42, 43
Diclamnus, 764
Digitalis, 504-506
Digitalis, 506, 507. 563. 640
Ditietus, 298
Diospyros, 38-41
Diospyros, 41, 42
Diplanthera, 617
Diplolepis, 149
Diplonema, 42
Diplophyllum, 579
Disandra, 641, 642
Dischidia, 133, 134
Dischidia, 135
Dissolena, 99
Dittany of Amorgos, 764
Dittany of Crete, 764
Ditassa, 155, 156
Dodartia, 542
Dodartia, 532 •
Dodder, 303-306
Dodder, Great, 303
373
345.
Dodder, Lesser, 303
Dogs' Bane, 81
Dombeya, 231
Dopatrium, 536
Dorycmum, 285, 286
Dragon's Head, 811-815'
Dracocephalum, 811-815
Dracocephalmi, 808, 809. 81.i
816. 835
Drymonia, 653
Duboisia, 479
Dufourea, 299
Duhamelia, 1 1
Dulcamara, 409
Dunalia, 486
Duperreya, 298
Duvalia, 121, 122
Dydymocarpete, 643
Dysophylla, 712, 713
E.
EBENACE^, 37
Ebenus, 41
Ebeno:iylon, 43
Ebony, 38-41. 43
Eccremocarpus, 231
Eccremocarpus, 332
Echinospermum, 348-351
Echiochilon, 335, 336
Echioides, 336-338. 343.
348
Echites, 72-75
Eckites, 70-80. 82-86.
104. 161
EcHITIEiE, 72
Echium, 327-335
Echium, 326
Egg-Plant, 432-434
Ehretia, 388, 389
Ehretia, 254. 371. 389-
480
Ehretiace^, 387
Elatine, 518-520
Elephas, 619
EUisia, 394
Ellobum, 549
Elsholtzia, 713, 714
Elslwltzia, 674. 681. 711.
Embelia, 20, 21
Embryopteris, 41
Emericia, 79
Emmenantlie, 397
Eiidotriche, 186
Etidraclnum, 257, 258
Enicostema, 200
Empedoclea, 837
Enslenia, 143
Eusleida, 141
Epifagus, 634
Epiphegus, 634
Episcia, 655, 656
Epithema, 665
Erimitalia, 392
EremitaliejE, 392
Eremostachys, 855
Eresia, 26
Erianthera, 817
Ericala, 188. 193
Ericoila, 188
Erinus, 596
Eriims, 541. 584. 586.
592. 596
Eriope, 707, 708
Eriopetalum, 123
Eriophyton, 855
Eriostovmm, 825
EripUia, 651
Ervsibe, 392
Erythrasa, 203-206
INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME.
Er,,thra-a, 1!)7. 211
F.scobedia, 5C1
Eslerhaxia, SCO
Esterbazyn, bb^
Euchroma, G15, C16
Eudoxia, 202
Euosina, 105
Euphrasia, 609-61 1
Eujihrusia, 558. 582. 611, 612
EuPHR.tSIE^, 609
Euphorbia, 15G
Euploca, 365
Euryl!i.ilia, 186- 108
Eustegia. 158
Eusioma, 210, 211
Evolvuhis, 300-302
Eutoca, .395
Evolvulus, 266. 283
EXACIF.E, 21 1
Exacom, 212, 213
Exacum, IG5. 196-200, 201,
202. 204. 20G. 211-213
Exarrhena, 348
Exogonium, 2(i'4
Exogoiiiitm, 258
Exolliostemon, 82
Eyebriglit, 609-612
Fabiana, 487
Fabrkia, 708
Fagifea, 68, 69
Fagraa, 102
Falkia, 303
Felwort, 175, 17G
Fenzlia, 244
Ferdinandusa, 227
Ferreola, 43
Fever-Plant, 671
Fieldia, 663
Figwort, 507-513
Finlaysonia, 102, 163
Fischeria, 125
Flax-Weed, 524
Flemingia, 199
Fontanesia, 51
Forget me not, 344
Forsferonia, 79
Forsythia, 51
Foxglove, 504-506
Foxglove, Common, 5f
Franciscea, 476, 477
FRANCISCE.E, 47G
Frasera, 179
Fraxiniex, 53
Fraxinus, 53-5G
Frauiniis, 56, 57
Fredericia, 227
Frevlinia, 617
Fringe Tree, 50
Gaertnera, 166
Gatarips, 103
Gateobdoton, 818-819
Galeopsis, 822, 823
Galeopsis, 67«. 826 831
Galimcta Wood, 29
Galvesia, 532
Gardneria, 66, 67
Gardoquia, 784-786
Gardoquia, 477
Gastromeria, 5(i2
GELSEMIE.E, 87
Gelsemium, 87
Gelseminnm, 87
Geniosporum, 674, 675
Geniosporuvi, 783
Geniostonia, 165
Gentian, 180-183
Gentian-root, 184
Gentian, Yellow, 184
Gentiana, 180-183
Gentiana, 175. 178-206. 211-
213
GENTIANE^, 173
Gentianella, 179
Gentiaiiella, 190
Gentianie.e, 175
Geochorda, 581
Gerardia, 556
Gerardia, 477. 557, 558. 560-
562. 585
Gerardii!.e, 556
Gerascanthus, 380
Germander, 862-870
Germander, Common,
Germander, Water, 866
Germanea, 677, C78, 679. 682.
Gesneria, 645-648
Gesneria, 645. 650, 651. G54
GESNERIACE*, 643
Gilia, 244, 245
Gilia, 246
Ghchoma, 806. 809, 810. 829,
830
Glechon, 787, 788
Glossanthus, 664
Glossanlhiis, 665
Glossostylis, 561
Gloxinia, 648, 649
Gloxinie.e, 645
Ghjcipicros, 409
Glyphospermum, 195
Goatweed, 642
Gomara, 618
Gomphocarpus, 143, 144
Gomphocarpus, 143. 145. 149
Gomphostenima, 857, 858
Goniostemma, 160, 161
GONOLOBE*, 136
Goiiolobium, 137
Gonolobus, 136-138
Gonolobtts, 15,3
Gonostemon, 117
Gotho/reda, 147
Gramviica, 304
Gratiola, 534, 5.35
Gruiiula, 536-538. 542-545
547-549. 551. 665
GRATIOLE.E, 534
Great Goosegrass, 357
Greek Valerian, 238, 239
Gromnell, 321-325
Ground Ivy, 809, 810
Ground Ivy, Common, 809
810
Ground Pine, 872, 873
Ground Pine, Common, 873
Guinea Pepper, 445
Gumteolis, 563
Gurua, 163
Gvmnandra, 581
Gymnantliera, 164
Gymnema, 135, 136
Gymiiema, 124. 129
Gynopogon, 96
H.
Hffimadictyon, «3
Halenia, I76, 177
Halesia, 6, 7
H.'iLESlACEjE, 6
Hag Taper, 489
Halgania, 365
Halleria, 617
Hallerie.e, 6I7
Hancornia, 102
Harrisoiiia, 134
Hasfmaia, 856, 857
Hasseltia, 86
Hebe, 570
Hebcrdcnia, 19
Hebenaster, 40
Hedeoma, 775, 776
Hedeoma, 768. 776
Hedge Hyssop, 534, 535
Hedge Nettle, 824. 826-835
Hediunda, 483
Hedyotls, 537
Helia, 202
Heliotrope, 357-364
HELIOTROPE.E, 357
Heliotropium, 357-364
Heliotropium, 364. 369. 396.
762
Hemiandra, 800, 801
Hemianthus, 538
Hemidesmus, 161
Hemigenia, 801
Hemimeris, 008
Hemimeris, 513
Hemiphragma, 555
Ilemistoma, 846
Hemitomus, 513
Hemp-Nettle, 822, 823
Henbane, 471, 472
Henbane, Common, 471
Henbit, Great, 818
Henclwlia, 537. 550
Herpestis, 544-.'>40
Herpeslis, 536. 541. 545, 546.
550. 582
Hesiodia, 840
Heterantha, 551
Heterostemma, 132
Hevlygia, 79
Hippion, 198
Hippion, 179, 180. 182, 183.
186-192
Hippoceniauria, 205
Hippocentaurium, 204
Hoitzia, 240-248
Holarrhena, 78
Holmskioldia, 856
Holmshioldia, 857
liolorcgvun, 235
Holostemma, 149
Homolostyles, 130
Honeywort, 320, 321
Hopea, 2. 199
Horehound, 841-843
Horehound, Stinking, 843,
844
Horminum, 7Cl
Hormwum, 722. 727-729. 733.
749. 754-756. 836
Hornemannla, 542. 548
Horse-weed, 773
Hoslundia, 677
Hostea, 139
Hotlonia, 543
Hound's Tongue, 352-357
Hound's Tongue, Common,
355
Hova, 125-128
Ho'ya, 128 130. 1.32-134
H0YACE.E, 125
Huernia, 112, 113
Hugelia, 243
Humbertia, 257. 258
Hunteria, 105
Hutchinia, 123
Hybanthera, 159
Hydranthelium, 552
Hydrolea, 249, 250
Hydrolea, 250, 251
Hvdrolia, 250
HVDROLlACEyE, 249
Hvdrophyllum, 393,394
Hydrophyllum, 394. 396
HYDROPHYLLE^, 393
Ilydrvpityon, 543
Hydrotriche, 538
Jiydrofrida, 545
Hymenocrater, 856
Hyobanche, 635
Hyocyamus, 471, 472
Hyocyamus, 470
Hypocyrta, 652
Hyptis, 686-707
Ilyplis, 714. 734
Hyssop, 773
Hyssopus, 773
Ilyssopus, 680. 714. 802, 803
leacorea, 13. 19, 20
Ichnocarpus, 78
Ignatia, 65
Ignatiana, 65
hmbricaria, 35
Incarvillea, 230
Jncarvillea, 216. 225. 656,
657. 665
Indian Hemp, 81
Indian Pink, 171
Indigo, Sumatra, 131
Inocarpus, 34
Ipecacuanha, Bastard, 140
[phisia, 144
Ipomcea, 265-283
Ipmmca, 253-265. 295. 297
Ipomopsis, 244, 245
Irlbachia, 210
Ironwood, 28, 29
Ironwort, 837-840
Isanthera, 499, 500
Isanthus, 715
Isaura, HI
Isodon, 681
Isonema, 78
Isoplexis, 506, 507
Ijcora, 481
J.
Jaborosa, 461, 462
Jacaranda, 225, 226
Jacarnnda, 219-221
Jacob's Ladder, 238
Jacqueniontia, 283
Jacquinia, 24, 25
Jalap, 271, 272
Jalapa, 271
Jasmine, 59-64
Jasmine, Carolina, 87
Jasmine, Common, 63
Jasminum, 59-64
Jasminum, 481
JASMINEACE^, 58
Jasmine it, 58
./asmitiioides, 457- 484, 485
Jerusalem Sage, 852
Jessamine, Carolina, 87
Jews' Apple, 432
Josephinia. 235
Joveliana, 608
JuavuUoa, 476
Jutigia, 722
Justicia, 657
Kanahia, 149
Keithia, 788, 789
Kibatalia, 86
Klugia, 653, 654
Koellia, 763
Kopsia, 100
Kopsia, 631
KorsiE*, 100
Kuhlia, 663
Labatia, 36, 37
Labatia, 37
LABIATE, 665
Labordia, 166
Lachnostoma, 148
Lactaria, 100
Lafuentea, 616
Lagochilus, 819, 820
Lagopsis, 841
Lagotis, 581
Lamarkia, 487
Lamium, 816-819
Lamittni, 816
Lamourouxia, 613, 614
Landolphia, 102
Lantana, 383. 601
Lalhreea, 634
Lathrcea, 033. 635
Lasiocorys, 845
Lasiostoma, 66
Laureria, 487
Laurus, 6
Lavandula, 708 710
Lavandula, 685 803
Lavender, 708-7 10
Lavender, French, 709 •
Lavender, True, 709
Lehmannia, 467
Leiphaimos, 200
Leonia, 26
Leoiiia, 722
Leonotis, 850
LeonHrus, 820, 821
Leoiiurus, 841, 849,850
Lepechinia, 836
Lepistemon, 265
Leposma, 163, 164
Leptadenia, 124
Leptandra, 579
Leptocallis, 260
Leptosiphon, 243, 244
Leptostemma, 134
Lesser Centaury, 204-2U0
Lettsomia, 253-257
Leucas, 845-850
Leticas, 845
Leucocarpus, 554
Leuconotis, 105
Leucosceptnim, 862
Leucophyllum, 534
Leucospora, 642
Lignum Colubriniim, 65, 66
Ligustrum, 44, 45
Ligustrum, 50
Lilac, 51
Lilac, 51
Litacetc, 43
Lilaceum, 51
Lindenbergia, 539
Limnanthemum, 168
Limnophila, 542, 543
Limosella, 552
Limosella, 536
Linanthus, 243
Linaria, 517-531
Linaria, 532. 534
Lindernia, 551
Lindernia, 542. 544, 54.1
Linkla, 213
Linociera, 52, 53
VI
INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME.
Lion's Ear, 850
LisiANTHE.i;, 207
Lisianthus, 207 209
Lisiavthus, 87. 1!)7. 201, 202
210,211
Liia, 199, 200
Lithospermum, 321-32.')
LilJwipcrmmn. 317 319 ^•^C,.
358. 360. 363. 365. 373
I.ITHOSrERME;*;, 321
Lobelia, 596
Lobostcmon, 338
Lodh, 3
Lodhia, 3
Loeselia, 247, 248
Logania, 164, 165
LOGANIACE/E, 164
Loganieo', 164
Lonchostoma, 306
Lonicera, 171
Lophanthus, 802, 803
J.oplmnllms, 803
Lophospennum, 53.3
Lophosperviuvi, 562
Lotos, European, 38
Lousewort, 619 620
Love Apple, 443, 444
Loxonia, 66.3
Loxopbyllum, 547
LoxoTiE.E, 664
Loxotis, 664
Luban, 6
Lucuma, 33, 34
Litiniiitzera, 672- 674-G76.
681. 756
Lungwort, 317, 318
Lutroltvlis, 391
Lychnidea. 24G 592
Lyciuni, 457-461
Lyciiim, 104. 461. 480
Lycopersicum, 443, 444
Lycopersicum. 400 411
Lycopsis, 338, 339
Lycopsis, 336 339. 341. 343
Lycopus, 720-722
Lycopus, 775 ^
Lyncea, 562
Lyonsia, 80
Lyperia, 591-,'i93
Lysionotis, 657
M.
Maba, 43
Macbridea, 816
Macrantliera, 560
iMacronieria, 326
Macroscepis, 148
Macrostema, 259
Mad Apple, 432
Madwort, Gcrni:\n, 357
MjESE/E, 21
Ma-sa, 21, 22
Majana, 712
Mala, 411,432
Mamniee-Sapola, 33, .34
Mamniee-Sapota, Common,. 33.
Mandrake, 454, 455
Mandragora, 454, 455
Mangaiho, 102
Manghas, 98
MmgliUn, 10 12
Manulea, 593 !J9fi
Mamdea, 557. 587 0%^
Maripa, 254
Marjoram, 764-7'i(<
Marjoram, Bastard, 765
Marjoram, Pot, 766, 767
Marjoram Sweet or Knotted,
766
Marjoram, Wild, 7G5
Marjoram, Winter Sweet, 76^
Marjorana, 766, 767
Murkea, 487
Marmoritis, 811
Marsdenia, 130-132
Marsh-trefoil, 167
Marsypianthus, 686
Marrubiastram, 837- 840. 844
Marrubium, 840-843
Marrubium. 682. 822 846
Marum, 728. 766, 767
Martynia, 234, 235
Marttjiiia, 235. 649
Martyniaceee, 233
Masus, 542
Matelea, 139
Matourea, 547
Mattia, 310
.Maurandya, 632, 533
Mayenne, 432
Mayepea, 52
Mecardonia, 646
Medeola, 25
Melampyrum, 626, 62/
MelampyracecEf 618
Melanzana, 432
Melasma, 562
Melia, 546
Melissa, 780-784
Melissa, 715. 756. 761. 7/1.
775. 780. 786
Melissinex, 775
Melittis, 815
Melittis, 816
Melodinie.1;, 101
Melodinus, 101
Melongena, 432
Melongena, 408. 432
Melongene, 432
Memecylon, 12
Menodora, 58
Mentba, 716-720
Mentha, 674. 711-715. 762.
779, 780
Menthoide,!;, 711
MENYANTHACE.?:, 167
Menyanthes, 167, 168
Menyanthes, 168, 169
Meriandra, 722
Mertensia, 318-320 372
Mesona, 675
Messerscbmidtia, 370-372
Messerschmidtia, 325, 361)
Metaplexis, 155
Metaplexis, 153
Metastelma, 158
Meyenia, 486
Microcale, 213
Microcarpsea, 536
Microcarpaa, 537. 643
Microcorys, 802
Microloma, 158
Microloma, 136. 157
Micromeria, 771i 772
Micromeria, 776-780
Microstemma, 124
.Millingtonia, 229
.Mimulus, 552-554
Mimulus, 555. 618
Mimusops, 34, 35
Mimusops, 35
Mina, 259
Mint, 716-720
Mint, Water, 718, 71:)
Mint, Wild, 719
Mitraria, 653
Mitrasacme. 172, 173
Mitreola, 171
Mitsa, 683
Mo^ofium, 59-62
Molduvica. 808, 813
Moltkia, .326, 327
Mottkia, 338
Molucca, 856
Molucca B.ilm, 856
Molucella, 856
Molucella, 820. 841. 844, 845,
855
Monarda, 758, 759
Motmrda, 759, 760. 822
MoNABDE,«, 722
Monardella, 763, 764
Monetia, 105
Monkey-flower, 552-554
Movniera, 545
Movodynamis, 166
Montabea, 37
Montira, 536
Moorcroftia, 259
Morelle, 411,412
Morelosia, 391, 392
Morenoa, 259, 260
Klorgania, 543, 544
Morgama, 538. 544. 548, 549
Moscharia, 873
Moschosma, 675
Mosla, 775
Motber-wort, 820. 821
Moth Mullien, 497
Mouroucoa, 306
Mouse-ear, 343-348
Mudor Plant, 146
Mullien, 489-498
Mullien, Common, 489
Murex, 235, 236
Miitabea, 37
Mycania, 498
Myosotis, 343-348. 372, 373
Myosotis, 323. 340, 341. 348-
351
Myrmecia, 197
Myrsine, 9-12. 23
Mi/rsine, 12. 19. 21
MYRSINEACE.E, 7
Myrsincre, 7
Myxa, 379
Myxopyrum, 50
Nama, 250
Nama, 249
Nuvarrctia, 247
Navicularia, 837
Nrfflea, 499
liiematanthus, 654
Nemesia, 533. 534
Nemia, 595, 596
Nemophila, 394, 395
Nemophila, 393
Nepeta, 803-811
Nepeta, 678. 687. 701. 703.
763. 771. 780. 803. 812.
822. 836. 847
NepetejE, 802
Nerium, 84
Nerium, 80. 82, 83. 85, 86.
90. 105 132. 164
Netouxia, 454
Neudorfia, 479
Neuropeltis, 298, 299
Nicandra, 457
Nicatidra, 67. 457
Nicotiana, 462-467
Nicotiaiia, 251. 4«7, 468
N1C0TI.INE.E, 462
Nierembergia, 468, 469
Nierembergiat 468
Nightshade, 409-442
Nightshade Tree, 411
Nightshade, woody, 409
Nil, 262
Nigrina, 562
Nisberry Bully-tree, 33
Nolana, 479, 480
Nolanie;e, 479
Nonea, 336-338. 372
Noronhia, 49
Nortenia, 650
Notelaea, 51, 52
N0TEL.EIE.E, 51
Notochaete, 854, 855
Nux Vomica, 65
Nyctanthes, 64
Nyctaiitlies, 59, 60, 61, 6i:
Nycteriutn, 438, 439
Nyclerinia, 586, 587
Nycterisition, 31
Nympha-a, 168
Nymphoides, 168
Obesia, 121
Obesia, 113
Obolaria, 635
ObolariE/E, 635
Ochrosia, 99
OCVMOIDE.E, 670
Ocymoideee, 670
Ocymum, 670-674
Ocymum, 674-683. 715. 756
Odollam, 98
Odontites, 611, 612
Oily Grain, 234
Oil-seed, 234
Oldevlandia, 637
Olea, 46-49
Olea, 49. 62
Oleander, 84
OLIE.E, 44
OLEINjE, 43
Olive, 46-49
Olive, Common, 46, 47
Omphalocarpum, 35
Omphalodes, 351, 352
Omphalodes, 310
Oncinus, 26
Oncoma, 228
Oncostemurti, 13
Onosma, 313-317
Onosma, 317. 327 .336
Onosmodium, 317
Ophelia, 178, 179
Ophiospermtp, 7
Ophiorhiza, 171
Ophioxylon, 99, 100
Ophioxylon, ^',i 598
Opilia, 24
Opsantha, 186
Orbea, 119-121
Orchipeda, 93
Orelia, 103
Origanum, 764 766
Origanum, 711. 719. 762-764.
766, 767
Ornus, 56, 67
Orobanche, 628 631
Orobanche, 682 631 635
OROBANCHE/K, 627
OROBANCH1E.E, 628
Orontium, 516. 527
Orthocarpus, 616
Orthophl'Rami.1;, 109
Orthosiphon, 676, 677
Orthostemon, 198
Oscampia, 336, 337
Osmanlhus, 48
Oswega Tea, 758
Osyris, 524. 627
Otaria, 144
Othanthera, 124
Otaheite Chesnut, 34
Otostegia, 845
Ourisia, 664, 665
Orvala, 816
Oxera, 228
Oxypetalum, 147, 148
Oxystelma, 144
O-rysteljiia, 145
Oyster Plant, 320
Pachyderina, 49, 60
Pachypodium, 77
Pacouria, 102
Psderota, 580
Pa-derola, 536, 537. 580. 608
Ptederotoides, 665
Pagamea, 166
Painted Cup, 615, 616
Paliava, 649
Palladia, 214
Palquin, 597
Palura, 3
Pandacqui, 90
Papas, 400
Panzeria, 821
Papirin, 261
Paralea, 42
Parentucellia, li'2'J
Parilium, 64
Parnassia, I76
Parqui, 484
Parsonsia, 79
Passerina, 306
Patagonula, 387
Patagonica, 387
Pavonia, 381
Pectinaria, 122
PEDALINE^, 233
Pedalium, 235, 236
Pedicularis, 619 626
Pedicularis, 613
Peltanthera, 444
Peltodon, 686
Pennyroyal, 720
Pentaraphitt, 650
Pentasacme, 159
Pentatropis, 145
Pentstemon, 636-640
Peplidium, 536, 537
Peplidium, 536
Peppermint, 718
Pergularia, 132, 133
Pergularia, 79. 130. 13 J. 145.
156. 162
Perilla, 715
Perilla, 711. 713. 714
Perilomia, 797, 7liH
Peripea, 584
Periphragmos, 486
Periphragmos, 248, 249
Periploca, 163
Periploca, 79- 135. 144, l.'.l,
163. 158-162
PERIPLOCEiE, 161
Periwinkle, 95
Perlarius, 486
Personater, 600
Peninca, 95
Petesioides, 8
Petunia, 467, 468
Pbacelia, 396, 397
Phacelia, 394, 395
Pharbitis, 262, 263
INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME.
Phelipsea, G31-633
Phelipcca, (V.Vi, 034
Phelline, 37
Philibertia, 157
Phillyrea, 45, 40
PhiUyrm, 49
PMeboanlhe, 872
Phlomidopsis, 850. 853, 854
Phlomis, 850-854
Plilomis, 833. 844 850. 855
PUIomoides, 850. 853, 854
Phlox, 240-243
Phlox, 246-248
Phtheirospermuni. 501
Pliyllantliera, 103
Phvllopodium, 588
Phvllostegia, 858 859
Physalis, 447-451
Phi/salis, 451, 452. 456, 457
Phi/sahules, 448. 450
Piiysklium, 009
Physiaiithus, 149
Ph'ysocalyx, 501,562
Physocalyx, 502
Physoclaina, 470
Physostegia, 815, 810
Phvsostelma, 128
Ph'ytoxys, 835, 830
Piaranthus, 113, 114
Picolia, 351, 352. 35G
Picrophlseus, 06
Picrorhiza, 581
Pikria, 017
Pink-root, 171
Piperella, 776, 777- 779
Piptoclaina, 304
Pishamin, 39
Pishamin, Sweet, 101
Pittoiiia, 306. 368. 371. 390
Pladera, 199
Plagiobotrys, 373
Planlaghiella, 552
Platostoma, 675
Platunium, 856
Platycarpuni, 228, 229
Platystenima, 004
Plectaneia, 87
Plectranthtis, 677-Gf!2
Plectranthui, 072. 674-070.
082-085
Pleurogyna, 188
Plumiera, 93, 94
Plumiera, 05
Pneumonanthe, 193-195
Pneumonanthe, 184-l!i6
Podanlhes, 117, 118
Podantlies, 121
Podostigma, 145, UG
Pogogyne, 789
Pogostemon, 711, 712
Poison Nut, 05
POLEMONlACEiE, ':37
Polemonium, 238, 239
Polemonium, 244. 306 394,
395
PoUum, 868, 809
PofficA/n, 311. 818, 819
Poly, 809, 870
i'olv, Uw.irf, Mount.iin, 869
Poly, Mountain, 809
Polycarena, 588
Polymeria, 295, 290
Polyotus, 143
Porana, 298
Portlandiu. 475
Potalia, 67, 08
POTALl.ACE.E, 67
Potaliem, 67
Potatoe, 400-400
Potaloe, Spanish, 200
Potatoe, Sweet, 2G0
Pouteria, 37
Pr.isie.t., 857
Prasium, 860
Prasiim, 815, 816. 824. 858,
859
Prepusa, 197, 198.
Preslrea, 365
Preslea, 715
Prestonia, 83
Prevostea, 299
Privet, 45
Prolwscidea, 234
Prost.^nthere.e, 798
Prostanthera, 798, 800
Prostanthera, 798. 802
Prunella, 790
Prunella, 675. 791
Psfiuio-Capsicum, 410, 411.
429
Pseudodiclamniis, 843, 844
Psychotria, 92
Pterostelma, 128
Pterostigma, 538, 539
Puccoon, 326
Pulegium, 715. 720
Pulmonaria, 317, 318
Pulmonaria, 318-320
Purga, 271
Purshia, 317
Pychnanthemum, 762, 763
Pychnantheniuni, 764
Pychnostachys, 6i}6
Pyrgus, 14
Pyxidanthera, 239
Pyxidaria, 551
Quamodit, 258-200
Ramondia, 498
Ranaria, 547
Rapanea, 10
Raphistemma, 1 45
Rauwolfia, 98, 99
Rauwolfu. 90. 99, 100
Razumovia, 563
Reichelia, 249. 200
Reinwardtia, 299
Rejoua, 92
Rencalniia, 168
Retzia, 386
Jielzia, 284
RETZIACE^, 306
Rhabdia, .TOl
Rhammis, 28. 389
Rhamphicarpa, 585. 586
RHINANTHACE.E. 018
Rhinanthus, 018. 619
Rhinanthus, 557. 561. Oil
013.019
Rhizophora, 8
Rhodochiton, 533
Rhynchoglossnni,018
Rhynchoteclmni, 063
Rhyzosperntvm, 51
Ribes, 20
Rlbesioides, 20
Rindera, 311
Rindera, 310
RlNDERE.I, 309
Rivea, 253. 254
Rizoa. 785
Rocherorlia^B^ 393
Rochelia, 351^\
Rochi'lia, 347-35P
Raemeria, 10. 23. 31
RomanzotTia, 643
Roslinia, 203
Rosmarinus, 757, 758
Rosmarbnts, 8.35
Rosemary, 757, 7-58
Rouhamon, 06
Royena, 42
Royena, 42
Roylea, 845
Ruellia, 537
Russelia, 513, 514
Ruyschiana, 813, 814
Rytidophyllum, 650
Sabbatia, 206, 207
Sabbatia, 201. 213. 776. 777
Sage, 722-756
Sage, Common, 723
Sage, Wild, 732
Sagina, 184
Sagonea, 249, 250
Sairanthus, 467
Salpiglossis, 469
iSalplglossis, 468
Salvia, 722-750
Salvia, 722
Samara, 9-12.20
Sambac, 59
Sapodillo-iree, ,33
Sapola, 33
SAPOTACE.*:. 20
Sapota-tree, 33
Sapotete, 20
Saracha, 451, 452
Saracha, 418
Sarcolobus, 130
Sarcostemma, 156, 157
Sarcostemma. 149
Saimienta, G51
Satureia, 771, 772
Satureia, 704. 770. 774. 777-
781. 811
SATUREINE.T, 761
Saussurea, 803
Savoty, 771, 772
Savory, Summer, 771
Savory, Winter, 771
Saxifiaga, 643
Scabrita, 64
Scammonv, 289
Sclarea, 722. 726. 728 732.
752
Scoparia, 642, 643
Scopolia, 470
Scopolina, 470
Scordium, 866
Scorodonia, 802. 804 1107
Scorpion-Grass, 343-3Ji't
Scheheria. 009
Schizanthus, 409, 470
Schollia, 126
Schraderia, 722. 726
Schrebera, 231
Schubertia, 148
Schubleria, 201
Schultesia, 190
Schwalbea, 010
Schweyckherla, 108
Scleroxylon, 10
Scroftilaria, 507
Scrophularia, 507-513
Scrophularia, 513. 502
SCROPIIULARIE.E, 504
SCR0PHI)LAR1NE.E, 000
Scutellaria, 791 797
Sailellaria, 680. 783 864
SCUTELLARINE.E, 789
Sebasa, 211,212
Sebo'a, 197. 212, 213
Sebestena, ,375
Scbestena, 379, 380
Secamone, 159
Secamone«, 159
Selago, 592 595
Selatium, 196
Self-heal, 790
Sepislan, 378. 379 '
Serpyllum, 708
Serrattiln, 544
Sersalisia, 27
Sesamum, 234
Scsanmm, 50(*
Sessea, 487
Sessea, 481
Seymeria, 560
Si'ymeria, 556
Shea-tree, 30
Shepherd's-club, 489
Shutereia, 297
Sibouraiia, 22
Sibthorpia, 641
Sibthorpia, 302 041, 042
SIBTHORPIACE/E, 641
Sickiiigia, 229
Sideritis, 836-840
5/(?er/«s, 823-825 831 835
Sideroxylon, 28, 29
Sideroxylo7!, 10-12. 27-31
Slnmugia, 649. 051
Siphonostegia. 013
Siphotoxis, 857
Skinneria, 297, -'J'S
Skullcap, 791-7!'7
Slipperwort, 6l>2 6('8
Smitkia, 258
Snakewood, 106
Snap-Dragon, 514 517
Snap-Dragon, Coi:uiioii, 516
Snow-drop- tree, 6, 7
Solandra, 475, 470
SOLANACE^, 397
Solaiiece, 397
SOLANE.E, 400
Solanum, 400 442
Solatium, 443, 444. 451. 453,
454. 450. 487, '188
Solenanthus, 311
Solenostemoii, 682, 08.3
Sopubia, 557, 558
Spanish Elm, 380
Spathodea, 222, 223
Spatlwdea, 210. 227. 229
Spearmint, 717, 718
Speedwell, 563-5/9
Speedwell, Officinal, 570
Sperliimia, 128
SphaceTe, 835, 830
Sphserotheca, 546
Sphenandra, 589
Spica, 710
Spica, 710
Spigelia, 170, 171
SPIGELIACE^, 169
Squammaria, 034
STAtHYDE.E, 815
Stachvs, 823-835
Slacliiis, 704. 802. 821, 822
830. 847
Stapelia, 114-117
Slapelia, 112-123. 120, 126
Stapelie.e, 109
Star Apple, 31, 32
Starbia, 501
Stauranthera. 665
Stemodia, 539 542
Stemodia, 535. 539
Stenarrhena, 722. 730
Stenogyne, 8,59. 860
Stenolobiuni, 227, 228
Stephanolis, 1 1 1
Steripha, 302
Sleris, 249
Sleiidelia, 26
St. Ignatius's Bean, 65
Sloechas, 709
Slmchelina, 612
Siomotechiuin, 313
Storax, 4-6
Storax, Officinal, 4
Stramonium, 473
Stramonium, 472-475
Streptocarpus, 658
Streptocaulon, 101
Streptocuuloii, 161, 162
Striga, 582
Strobila, 327
Strophanthus, 84, 85
STRYCHNACE.E, 04
Strychnea', 64
Strychnos, 64 66
Slrychnodetulros, 411
Stylaiidra, 146
Styracece, 3
STYRACINE.C, 3
Styrax, 4 6
Sulzeria, 166
Swallow-wort, 139-142
Swartzia, 475
Swertia, 175, 176
Swertia, 169. 176 179. 184.
188. 207
Symphyte^, 312
Symphytum, 312, 313
Symphytum, 310
Symholanthus, 210
SYMPLOCINE.E,
Symplocos, 1-3
Synandra, 816
Svringa, 51
Syri„ga. 51
SYRtNGE.E, 51
Tabacus. 402. 467
Tabernsemontana, 87 92
Taberntpmoniana, 92, 93
Taber.n.emontane.1, 87
Tachia, 197
Tanacium, 233
Tanevcittm, 233
Tanghinia, 97, 98
Tapina, 654
Taratoufli, 400
Tecoma, 223-225
Teedia, 610
Teedie*, 616
Teganiuin, 479
Tetradenia, 711
Tetragonanthus, I 76
Tetrahit, 822, 823. 832
Tetrahilum, 831
Tetrapilus, 49
Tetrorrhiza, 191
Teucrium, 861-870
Teucrium, SIO. 871 «73
Thenardia, 80
Tkeuardia, 72
Theophrasta, 26
TheopUrasta, 25, 26
THEOPHRASTE.E, 24
Thevetia, 97
Thonnia, 245
Thorn-Apple, 472-474
Thorn-Apple, Cunin.on, 473
Thouinia, 62, 53. 257, 25S
vm
INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME.
Thurnhaiisera, 201
Thylacantha, 609
Thymbia, 789
Thymbra. 769, 770. 816
Thyme, 7C7-77I
Thyme, Basil, 782
Thyme, Garden, 767
Thyme, Lemon, 768
Thyme, Maslich, 767
Thyme, Mother of, 768, 709
Thyme, Wild, 768, 769
Thymus, 767-771
Thymus, 674. 720. 756. 760.
763. 772. 770-784. 806
Tiaridium, 364, 365
Tiiitis, 5
Tiquilia, 365
Tittmannia, 537. 548, 549.
551
Toad-Flax, 517 531
Toad- Flax, Common, 524
Tobacco, 462-467
Tobacco, Common, 462-404
Tobacco, English, 465
Tobacco, Orinoko, 464
Tobacco, Shiraz, 466
Tomato, 443, 444
Toothwort, 634, 635
Torenia, 550, 551
Torenia, 548-550
Tourneforlia, 365-369
Tournefoilia, 361. 370 372
Tourretia, 231
TOURRETIE*, 231
Toxocarpus, 160
Tozzia, 635, 636
Tracbystemon, 309
Traorigmmm, 772
Treveraniu, 645
Trichodesma, 311
Trichosfore.(E, 650
Trichospuruni, 656, 657
Trichostema, 861
Trichostnna, 715
Tridentea, 118
Trifoliiim, 167
Triguera, 480
Triphysaria, 627
Tripinna, 233
Tripinnaria, 233
Tripinnaria, 233
Triplosperma, 134
Tripterospermum, 200
Trilicum, 626
Trixago, 612. 830
Tromotriche, 119
Tromsdorffia. 656
Trongum, 432
Trumpet-flower, 216-222
Tullia, 762
Tupeicavi, 642
Turnsole, 357-364
Turnsole, Peruvian, 357
Turpethum, 208
Tylophora, 128 130
Tylophora, 136
Tyrba^n, 19
Ulostonia, 196
Utricla, 836
Uliuia, 58
Urceola, 92
Urceotaria, 651
Urostelma, 145
Usteria, 166
listeria, 533
Utania, 663
Uvedalia, 555
V.
Vahea, 92
ralerimia, 238
Vallaris, 78, 79
Vallesia, 100
Vandellia, 547-549
yandellia, 547 549
Varronia, 382-387
Venus Navel-wort, 351, 352
Venus Navel-wort, Common,
352
VERBASCIN^, 488
Verbascum, 488-498
Verbascum, 480. 498, 499
Veronica, 563-579
I'eronica, 546. 479-481
reronicasti-iini, 579
Veronice.e, 563
Vestia, 486
Villarsia, 168, 169
Vinca, 95
Finca, 74. 95
Vinceioxicum , 137
Viper's Bugloss, 327-336
Viper's Bugloss, Common, 332
Virgularia, 557. 560, 561
Voacanga, 92
Vohiria, 199, 200
P'oyria, 199
Vrolikia, 551
Wald&chmidia, 168
Wallceria, 479
Wallenia, 8
IVallenia, 8, 9
Water Betony, 510
Water Horehonnd, 720-722
Water Leaf, 393, 394
Wax Tree, 45
Weigellia, 8
Wensca, 711
Westringia, 801, 802
White Bully-tree, 29
VVhitia, 662. 663
Whilleya, 457
Wigandia, 251
Wightia, 230
Wild Flax, 524
Willughbeia, 101, 102
milughbeia, 68, 102
Wilsonia, 302
Winter Cherry, 411. 448 451
Witheringia, 452-454
Wood Sage, 865
Worm Grass, 170, 171
Worm Grass, Common, 171
Woundwort, 825, 826
Wrightia, 85, 86
WRIGHTIE.E, 85
Wulfenia, 580
Wulfenia, 580. 664
Xenopoma, 780
Xuarezia, 642
Xysmalobium, 146
Yellow Rattle, 618,619
Yellow-wort, 198
Zeyheria, 227
Zietenia, 834
Ziziphora, 700, 761
Zixiphora, 768. ni-TlT- 811
Zornia, 813, 814
Zwmgera, 479
Zygis, 780
r
THE
GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY.
Sub-class III,
COROLL^FLO^R.E (from corolla, am\Jlos, a flower.) Co-
rolla monopetalous, or the petals combined into the form of a
hypogynous corolla, which is not attached to the calyx. To
this sub-class are to be referred all orders which have a mono-
petalous corolla, with the stamens inserted into it, and a superior
ovarium ; but those orders with a monopetalous corolla, having
the stamens inserted into it and the inferior ovarium, as Ruhid,-
cece, Erlcacece, Eiiacridece, Campamdacece, Lobel'tdcece, Caprifo-
liacece, Loranthaceoe, &c. are still retained in the sub-class
Calycijldrce.
Order CXL. SYMPLOCI'NE^ (this order only contains
the genus Sijmplucos). D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 144. — Guaia-
canae, part 2. Juss. gen. 157.
Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft (f. 1 . a.). Corolla monopetalous,
rotate (f. 1. c), with a 5 (f. 1. c.) -10-parted spreading limb ;
when 8 or 10, 4 or 5 of which are interior and smaller : imbricate
in aestivation. Stamens very numei'ous, inserted in the tube of
the corolla, disposed in 3 or 4 series or rows ; filaments cuspi-
date at the apex, polyadelphous at the base ; anthers erect,
roundish-elliptic, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovarium
half inferior, 3-5-celled; ovula 4 in each cell, fixed to inner
parietes of the cells at various heights, the 2 superior ones pe-
ritropous, and the 2 inferior ones pendulous. Style 1 ; stigma
3-5-lobed. Drupe rather fleshy, crowned by the calyx, contain-
ing a 3-5-celled nut ; cells 1-seeded ; seeds bony. Embryo in-
verted and furnished with albumen, having a superior radicle.
Trees with alternate branches. Leaves alternate, entire, or
serrulated, exstipulate, turning yellow on drying. Flowers axil-
lary, sessile, or peduncidate, almost solitary, conglomerate, or
somewhat racemose, white or scarlet, furnished with imbricating
bracteas at the base (f. 1 . b.), sometimes fragrant. The leaves
of most of the species are astringent ; those of Symplocos tinc-
toria are used in America, under the name of Srveetleaf, for
dyeing yellow ; and the bark of S. racemosa is used with mun-
geet for dyeing red in the East Indies, under the name of
Lohd.
VOL. IV.
I. SY'MPLOCOS ((Tu/n7rXoiv»), «^?np/o/:e, a connection ; in re-
ference to the stamens being combined at the base). Lin. gen.
677. Jacq. amer. 166. Swartz, prod. 109. obs. t. 7. f. 1. Juss.
gen. 157. L'Herit. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 174. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 256. D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 144. —
Ciponima, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 226. Cav. diss. 7. p. 370. t. 217.
Alstonia, Mut. in Lin. suppl. p. 264. — Hopea, Lin. but not of
Roxb.
LiN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Character the same
as that of the order.
Sect. I. Alstonia (named in memory of Charles Alston,
Professor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh). Corolla
8-10-parted ; segments disposed in a double row. Stamens dis-
posed in 3 or 4 series. Drupe half inferior, 3-5-celled ; cells 1-
seeded. — Species natives of South America.
1 S. Alstonia (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 17C.) glabrous in
every part ; leaves roundish-elliptic or oblong, obtuse, rounded
at the base, obsoletely crenated at the apex, coriaceous, shining;
flowers by threes or fours, sessile. Tj . S. Native of New
Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota and Popayan. Humb. et
Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 181. t. 51. Alstonia theaeformis, Lin.
suppl. p. 264. Habit of Thea Bohea. Leaves pale green and
shining above, and pale beneath, and are employed as tea on
account of their slight astringency. Corollas white, 8-10-cleft.
Drupe 3-celled.
Alston's Symplocos. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
2 S. ce'rnua (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 188. t. 53.)
branches glabrous ; leaves oblong, bluntish, running into the
petioles at the base, serrulated at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous
and shining above, pilose on the nerves beneath ; flowers soli-
tary, on short pedicels, drooping. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in
woods, near the town of Jaen de Bracamoros. Leaves 9.\ inches
long. Corolla 10-1 1-parted, white. Ovarium 3-celled.
Droojmig-fiovieveA Symplocos. Tree 30 feet.
3 S. cocciNEA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 185. t. 52.)
branches hispid from pili ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated,
rounded at the base, obsoletely crenulated, membranous, gla-
brous, shining, pilose on the middle nerve ; flowers solitary,
almost sessile. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, near Xalapa and
elsewhere. Corolla rose-coloured or purplish, silky outside,
10-1 1-parted, an inch in diameter when expanded. Drupe 5-
celled. Stamens disposed in 4 series.
Scarlet Symplocos. Tree tall.
4 S. serrulata (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 190.
t. 54.) branchlets clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves obovate-
B
D. H. HILL LIBRARY
North Carolina State College
SYMPLOCINEiE. I. Symplocos.
oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, remotely denticulated,
membranous, glabrous above, but clothed with adpressed pili
beneath ; peduncles short, usually 3-flowered. Tj . S. Native
of New Granada, in woods near Popayan. Leaves 3^ to 4i
inches long. Corolla white, 6-9-parted, clothed with adpressed
hairs outside. Stamens disposed in 3-4 series.
Serrulated-\ca.-ved Symplocos. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
5 S. rufe'scens (Humb.etBonpl. pi. a;quin. 1. p. 192. t. 55.)
branchlets clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves obovate-oblong,
much acuminated, rounded at the base, almost quite entire,
membranous, glabrous above, and clothed with rusty hairs be-
neath, the middle nerve hairy ; peduncles very short, 2-5-
flowered. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes about
Quindiu. Leaves obsoletely and remotely denticulated, 7 inches
long and 2| broad. Corolla white, silky outside, 5-C-parted (ex
Kunth), 7-8-parted (ex BonpL). Ovarium 3-5-celled (ex
Kunth). Drupe 4-celled (ex Bonpl.).
Rvfescenl Symplocos. Tree 50 to 60 feet.
6 S. toment6s.\ (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aquin. 1. p. 195.)
branchlets clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves obovate-oblong,
acuminated, rounded at the base, denticulated, rather coriaceous,
glabrous and shining above, but clothed with rusty tomentum
beneath ; peduncles short, 4-7-flowered. Ij . S. Native of
New Granada, near Ibague. Flowers sessile. Corolla 10-
parted. Ovarium 5-celled.
Tomentose Symplocos. Tree.
7 S. nu'da (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin, l.p. 195.) branchlets
glabrous ; leaves oblong, acutish, cuneated at the base, re-
motely serrulated at the apex, glabrous above, but rather pilose
beneath; peduncles short, 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of New
Granada, in woods, near Loxa. Leaves 2|^ to 3 inches long.
Drupe oblong, 3-celled, about the size of a small plum.
N aled Sym\>\ocos. Tree 12 feet.
8 S. ? LiMONCiLLo (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. asquin. 1. p. 190.)
glabrous in every part ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends,
almost quite entire, shining ; flowers racemose. T; . G. Native
of Mexico, in woods near Xalapa. Leaves a little serrulated.
Drupe glaucous, containing a 3-4-celled nut (ex Bonpl.).
Limoncillo Symplocos. Tree tall.
9 S. muckona'ta (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 196.)
glabrous in every part ; leaves oblong, mucronate, denticulated,
coriaceous; peduncles 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Mexico,
in the woods of Xalapa. Peduncles solitary. Flowers pale red,
ex Schlecht.
Miicronate-\ea.\sA Symplocos. Tree 12 feet.
10 S. ScHiEDEANA (Schlecht. in Linnsea. 8. p. 527.) branches
glabrous, angular ; leaves large, oblong-elliptic, cuneated at the
base, and with a short abrupt acumen at the apex, quite entire,
glabrous ; flowers axillary, subspicate. Tj . G. Native of
Mexico, between Tiocelo and Jicochimalco. The branches are
furnished with an elevated, acute line on both sides, from the
decurrent bases of the petioles. Leaves 8-10 lines long.
Schiede's Symplocos. Tree.
11 S. Martinice'nsis (Lin. spec. 747.) glabrous; leaves
ovate, acute, shining above, rather coriaceous, crenulated ; pe-
duncles sub-racemose. Tj . S. Native of Martinico, in woods.
Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 175. Swartz, obs. 293. t. 7. f. 1.
Jacq. amer. 166. t, 175. f. 68. pict. 81. t. 261. f. 41. Corolla
white, 5»cleft. Drupe 5-celled.
Martinico Symplocos. Tree 25 feet.
12 S. CipoNiMA (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 175. Meyer, ess.
248.) branches villous ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, villous be-
neath ; peduncles many-flowered. f2 . S. Native of Guiana,
where it is called Ciponima. CiponimaGuianensis, Aubl. guian. 1.
p. 507. t. 226. Cav. diss. 7. p. 371. t. 217. Corolla white, 10-
parted. Drupe 5-celled, black.
Ciponima Symplocos, Shrub 7 feet.
13 S. Are'chea (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 176.) leaves ser-
rated, almost glabrous ; peduncles about 5-flowered. f^ • S.
Native of Peru, in woods, where it was collected by Dombey,
under the name of ^rec/iea. Corolla 10-parted? Drupe 5-celled.
Arechea Symplocos. Tree.
14 S. octope'tala (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1287.) leaves
ovate, short-acuminated, glabrous, bluntly serrated ; pedicels
axillary, solitary, towards the tops of the branches ; calycine
segments 5, ciliated ; limb of corolla 8-parted. fj . S. Native
of the south of Jamaica, on high mountains. Flowers white,
about the size of those of the orange. Drupe 5-celled.
Eight-pvlallcd Symplocos. Tree 20 to 36 feet.
15 S. TiNCTORiA (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 176.) leaves ob-
long or lanceolate-ovate, a little serrated, glaucous, shining ;
flowers axillary, 8-10 together; fruit containing a 3-celled
nucleus. Ij . G. Native of Carolina. Hopea tinctoria, Lin.
mant. 14. syst. ed. 1. 699. — Catesb. car. 1. t. 54. Bracteas
concave, villous. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented. Corolla 5-
parted. Stamens combined in 5 bodies. The juice, or a de-
coction of the leaves, will dye linen and silk of a bright yellow.
Dyers' Symplocos or Yellow-leaf. Clt. 1780. Tree.
16 S. ? penta'gyna (Spreng syst. 3. p. 340.) leaves opposite,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, quiie entire, glabrous ; flowers
racemose, pentagynous. (j . S. Native of Brazil. Sello.
Pentagynous Symplocos. Shrub.
Sect. H. Lodiira (the Sanscrit name of S. racemosd). Co-
rolla 5-parted. Stamens numerous, inserted without order.
Drupe containing a 3-5-celled nut, inferior. — Species natives of
Asia. Perhaps the same as Decadia, Lour, the Dicalyx, Blum.
17 S. Lo'ha (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 144.)
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrulated, glabrous ; spikes
usually twin, tomentose, longer than the petioles ; calycine seg-
ments and bracteas roundish. \ . G. Native of Nipaul, at
Narainhetty. S. subspinosa, Hamilt. mss. Leaves 3-6 inches
long, pale green, and from I5 to 2 inches broad.
Loha Symplocos. Shrub.
18 S. Sumu'ntia (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 145.) leaves elliptic, coriaceous, acuminated, slightly serru-
lated, glabrous ; spikes pilose, twice the length of the petioles ;
calycine segments and bracteoles oblong. ^ . G. Native of
Nipaul, at Narainhetty, and on Sheopore. S. floribimda. Wall,
cat. no. 4419. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and Ig to 2 inches
broad. Flowers rather large.
Sumimtia Symplocos. Fl. March. Shrub.
19 S. THEiEFoLiA (D. Dou, prod. fl. nep. p. 145.) leaves
elliptic, acuminated, serrulated ; spikes aggregate, densely pu-
bescent, equal in length to the petioles ; calycine segments and
bracteoles roundish, ciliated. I^ . G. Native of Nipaul, at
Narainhetty. S. attenuata. Wall. cat. 4426. Leaves 3 inches
long, and li-2 inches broad. Nothing but S. racemosa, Roxb.
Tea-leaved Symplocos. Fl. Nov. Shrub.
20 S. ferrugi'nea (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 542.) leaves lanceo-
late, serrulated, acuminated, parallel-veined, downy beneath ;
spikes axillary, solitary, compound, downy ; stigma 3-lobed.
Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, in the Garo country, where it
is called Foolinazur. 'Flowers yellow. Bracteas 3 to each flower,
broad-ovate, downy. Leaves 4-7 inches long, and 1-2 broad.
Rusty Symplocos. Tree.
21 S. spica'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 541.) leaves from lanceo-
late to oblong, serrated, acute ; spikes axillary, compound ;
drupe urceolate, torose ; nut 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Ij . S. Na-
tive of Silhet, where it is called Booree. Leaves 4-6 inches
long. Flowers small, yellow. Bracteas 3 to each flower, cili-
ated. The nuts are hard, about the size of a pea, and resemble
12
SYMPLOCINE^. I. SvMPLocos. STYRACINE^.
a minute fluted pitcher ; when bored they are strung like beads,
and by tlie natives put round the necks of tlieir children, to
prevent evil. The nuts only of N^ageia piUratijlva, are em-
ployed in the same manner and for the same end.
I'ar. [i; platlslachya (Wall. cat. no. 4428.) spikes compound,
downy. h . S. Native of Silhet.
^^jica/e-flowercd Symplocos. Tree or shrub.
22 S. RACEMosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 539.) leaves oblong, gla-
brous, serrulated ; racemes axillary, generally simple ; nut 3-
celled. Pj . S. Native of Burdwan and Midnapore, in Bengal.
The Sanscrit name of the tree is Savtira and Lodlira, and the
Bengalee one Lod/i. Myrtus, Retz, obs. 4. p. 26. Leaves
2-6 inches long. Flowers yellow. The bark of this tree is in
request among dyers of red in Calcutta, and is met with in the
markets of that town for a trifling price. It seems to be used
as a mordaunt only to dye with Mungcet (a species of Rubla),
in which the bark called Lodli is an ingredient. For three yards
of cloth take Lodh and the bark of Biira Hur (^Terminalia CM-
bula) of each one chatuk, or two ounces, pound them together,
and mix them with water, and steep the cloth in it ; then dry it.
Take one chatuk of alum, dissolve it in water, and boil it ; put
the cloth into this solution, and let it boil for an hour, then wash
and dry it. Then take^Z ( Morinda tincloria) one chatuk, Dhawra
flowers {Grisica tomentosa) one chatuk, Mungeet half a seer
(nearly a pound), separately mix them with lukewarm water, and
boil it. Then put in the cloth and let it boil for 40 minutes.
Aboor, the red powder used by the natives during the Hoolee
holidays, is made about Kheerpaee of the bark of this tree.
7?«cemose- flowered Symplocos. Tree 20 feet.
23 S. cauda'ta (Wall. cat. no. 4413.) leaves lanceolate, or
elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, long-acuminated, obso-
letely denticulated ; racemes simple, axillary, downy ; calyx
minute. Tj . S. Native of Silhet.
Tall-\eayeA Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
24 S. Lu'ciDA (Wall. cat. no. 4414.) leaves smooth, shining
on both surfaces, coriaceous, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate,
entire at the base, and serrated from below the middle,
acuminated ; racemes downy, branched. fj . S. Native of the
East Indies.
ShiningAeaveA Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
25 S. PYRiFOLiA (Wall. cat. no. 4415.) leaves elliptic or ob-
long, acuminated, shining, coriaceous, entire, or denticulated
towards the tops ; racemes simple, slender, glabrous, twice the
length of the petioles. I^ . S. Native of Silhet.
Pear-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
26 S. LAURiNA (Wall. cat. no. 4416.) leaves oblong or elliptic,
acuminated, denticulated, shining, smooth ; racemes simple or
branched at the base, downy. fj . S. Native of the East
Indies. Myrtus laurlna, Herb. madr. Eugenia laurina, Rottl.
herb.
Laurel-like Sym])locos. Shrub or tree.
27 S. Hamiltonia'na (Wall. cat. no. 4420.) leaves elliptic-
lanceolate or oblong, repandly denticulated ; racemes simple,
downy. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Decadia racemosa,
Hamilt. herb.
Hamilton's Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
28 S. ri'gida (Wall. cat. no. 4422.) leaves oblong, coriaceous,
stiff', quite entire, or repand, obtuse ; racemes long, downy,
simple, or branched at the base. I^ . S. Native of the Burman
empire, at Moalmeyne.
Stijf Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
29 S. polyca'rpa (Wall. cat. no. 4423.) leaves elliptical, acu-
minated, repandly denticulated ; spikes compound. Ij . S.
Native of the East Indies, at Amherst and Tavoy.
Many-fruited Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
30 S. oBTu'sA (Wall. cat. no. 4424.) leaves coriaceous, quite
entire, oblong-obovate, obtuse, tapering to the base, shining ;
spikes simple; lobes of calyx rounded, imbricate, obtuse. [^ ,S.
Native of the East Indies, on the Neelgherry mountains.
Blunt-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
31 S. RAMOsissiMA (Wall. cat. no. 4425.) leaves membranous,
elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated ; racemes
axillary and lateral, simple and compound. Jj . S. Native of
Nipaul, on Sheopore.
Much-branched Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
32 S. ADENOPHY'LLA(Wan. Cat. no. 4427.) leaves coriaceous,
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, long-acuminated, usually quite
entire; racemes compound, downy. Pj . S. Native of Penang.
Gland-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
^3 S. MOLLIS (Wall. cat. no. 4433.) branches, racemes, pe-
tioles, and nerves of leaves on the under surface clothed with
rusty hairs ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, quite entire ; spikes
compound. I? . S. Native of Penang.
Soft Symplocos. Shrub or tree.
Sect. III. Palu'ra (meaning unknown to us). Corolla 5-
parted. Stamens disposed in a triple series. Ovarium inferior.
— Species natives of Nipaul and China.
FIG. 1.
, G. Native of Nipaul, in
34 S. SiNi'cA (Ker. hot. reg.
710.) leaves elliptic-oblong, at-
tenuated at both ends, mucro-
nately serrated, downy on both
surfaces and wrinkled ; racemes
compound, terminal, and axil-
lary ; calycine segments acumin-
ated. >j.H. Native of China.
Flowers white, (fig. 1.)
Chinese Symplocos. Fl. May.
Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet.
35 S. CRATJEGOiDEs (Hamilt.
mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 145.) leaves ovate, acute, ser-
rated, villous beneath as well as
on the branches ; panicles race-
mose, terminal, villous; calycine
segments roundish, membranous.
the Great Valley, near the town of Thankot. S. paniculata,
Wall. Palura odorata, Hamilt. mss. Flowers white, fragrant.
This shrub hardly belongs to Symplocos, and has the habit of
Prunus Mahabcb.
Hawthorn-like Symplocos. Tree or shrub.
Cult. The species of Symplocos grow well in a mixture of
loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings of them strike readily in
sand, under a hand-glass ; those of the tropical kinds in heat.
Order CXLI. STYRACI'NE^ (this order only contains
the genus Stijrax). Styraceae, part. Richard, ann. du fruct.
1808. Styracinese, part. Rich, in H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 256. Guiacanse part. Juss. gen. 156.
Calyx permanent, campanulate, 5-toothed (f. 2. a.). Corolla
monopetalous, funnel-shaped; deeply 3-7-cleft, but usually 5 or
6-cleft, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 10, exserted ; filaments
monadelphous at the base, adnate to the tube of the corolla ;
anthers linear, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise inside. Ova-
rium superior, 3-celled, many-ovulate, erect. Style 1 (f 26.).
Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Drupe nearly dry, containing a
1-celled, 1-3-seeded nut. Testa of seed double; inner cob-
webbed, outer spongy. Embryo inverted, with elliptic coty-
B 2
STYRACINE^. I. Sty'rax.
ledons, and a thick superior radicle. Albumen fleshy. — Elegant
trees or shrubs, usually clothed with stellate tomentum. Leaves
entire, alternate, exstipulate. Peduncles axillary or terminal, one
or many-flowered. Flowers racemose, bracteate, white or cream-
coloured. The Styrax officinale, affords the officinal storax of
Asiatic Turkey, and S. Benzoin the fragrant resin of that name.
This order is very nearly allied to Halesiacece, but differs by the
decidedly superior ovarium, in the more deeply cleft corolla ; and
from Symplocinece in the superior ovarium, and entire or slightly
lobed calyx, and in the stamens being fewer and monadelphous.
I. STY'RAX (oTi/pas, sli/rax, of Theophrastus and Dioscori-
des ; the name is a mere alteration of assthirak, the Arabic
name of S. officinale). Lin. gen. no. 595. Tourn. t. 369.
Juss. gen 156. Giertn. fruct. 1. p, 284. t. 59.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as
that of the order.
* A species native of Europe.
1 S. officina'le (Lin. spec. FIG. 2.
635.) leaves ovate, clothed
with hoary villi beneath, shining
and green above ; racemes sim-
ple and axillary, 5-6-flowered,
shorter than the leaves. \}. H.
Native of Italy and the Levant.
Cav. diss. 6. p. 338. t. 188. f. 2.
Woodv. med. hot. 197. t. 71.
Church et Stev. med. bot. 1.
t. 47. Andr. bot. rep. 631.
Lodd. bot. cab. 928. Plench,
icon. 341. Mill. fig. 260. Lob.
icon. 151. Leaves about 2
inches long. Flowers white.
Drupe ovate, globose.
The iS'. officinale is chiefly remarkable for producing the
very powerful and fragrant balsam called storax. It is a native
of Syria and the Levant, and is not uncommon all over Greece
and the Peloponnesus, being known by the name of XayofiriXia
in modern Greek. It is naturalized in hedges in some parts of
Italy, particularly about Tivoli. The finest tree of this species
in Britain is in the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea.
The best storax comes from Asiatic Turkey, and is obtained
in a fluid state, from incisions made in the bark of the trunk or
branches of the storax-tree. It is brought from Turkey ; but
is so adulterated that it is very rarely met with in a pure state.
Storax is bitter and pungent to the taste, and has a strong fra-
grant odour. Two sorts of balsam are found in the markets —
storax in the tear, and common storax in larger masses ; this
has been called " storax in the lump," " red storax," and the
separate tears, " storax in the tear." The former is very rarely
in separate tears, but in masses, composed of white and pale
reddish tears, or having a uniform reddisli-yellow or brownish
appearance, being unctuous to the touch, soft, like wax, and free
from visible impurities. This is the (rrvfial, KaXci/jtrjjf of the
ancient Greeks. According to Galen it was formerly brought
from Pamphylia, in iiollow canes or reeds, whence it was called
Styrax calamita. It is preferred to the common storax, in
larger masses, which are lighter, less compact than the preced-
ing, and have a large admixture of woody matter, like saw dust.
Altliough the impurities of this kind of storax render it less
valuable, it is not less useful, and when purified, its medical
qualities are no less potent. Storax should be chosen of a
reddish brown colour, rather softish, unctuous to the touch, yet
brittle and friable, and of a pleasant sweet smell. On ac-
count of its yielding a pleasant odour of Benzoic acid, vvhen
ignited, it is much used in Roman Catholic countries for in-
cense. Spirits dissolve it entirely ; it consists principally of resin,
with a small portion of Benzoic acid. The directions of the
London Pharmacopoeia for purifying storax are : —
" Dissolve Balsam of storax in rectified spirit and strain it ;
then distil off the spirit by a gentle heat until the balsam acquires
a proper consistence." It may not be improper here to observe,
that the storax of the Pharmacopoeia ought not to be con-
founded with the storax of commerce, which is a liquid balsam,
said to be obtained from Liquiddmbcr slyraciflua.
Storax is stimulating and expectorant, and was formerly pre-
scribed for asthma and chronic affections of the windpipe; for
amenorrhcea, &-c. It is so far discarded from practice as hardly
ever to be used, and is justly designated by Dr. Thomson, as
a useless article in the list of Materia Medica.
Officinal Storax. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
* * Sjjecies natives of North America.
2 S. GRANDiFOLiuM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 75.) leaves broad,
obovate, acuminated, green above, but clothed with hoary to-
mentum beneath; lower peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, fj . H.
Native of South Carolina. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1016. Wats. dend.
brit. t. 129. S. officinale, Walt. fl. car. 140. S. grandiflo-
rum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p 41. Flowers white.
Great- leaved Storax. Fl. Jul. Cult. 1765. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
3 S. LjEviga'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 75. Willd. spec. 2. p.
624.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous on both
surfaces, toothed; peduncles axillary, solitary or twin, 1 -flowered.
^ . H. Native of South Carolina and Virginia, in swamps.
Lodd. bot. cab. 960. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 40. S. octandrum,
Lher. stirp. nov. 2. t. 17. S. glcibrum, Cav. diss. 6. p. 340. t.
188. f. 1. S. loeVe, Walt. fl. car. 140. S. Americanum, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 82. Stamens from 6 to 10.
Smooth-leaved Storax. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1765. Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
4 S. pulverule'ntum (Michx. fl. amer. bor. I. p. 41. Wats,
dendr. brit. 41.) leaves almost sessile ovate or obovate, obtuse;
clothed with powdery tomentum beneath ; flowers axillary and
nearly terminal by threes on short pedicels. ^ . H. Native of
Virginia and Carolina, in woods. S. Isevigitum, Curt. bot.
mag. 921.
Powdery Storax. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1794. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * * Species natives of South America.
5 S. toment6sum (Hunib. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 72.
t. 101. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 264.) leaves oblong or
ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with' white to-
mentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple, 5-8-flowers. (; . S.
Native of Quito near Malacates. Pedicles, peduncles, and rachi,
clothed with whitish or rusty tomentum, and the calyx with white
tomentum. Flowers white. Leaves 3^ to 4^ inches long.
Tomentose Storax. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
6 S. flo'ridum (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 54. t. 134.) leaves ob-
long-elliptic, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above, but clothed
beneath with greenish-hoary down ; racemes axillary, simple,
erectly spreading ; calyx clothed with rusty tomentum. ^ . G.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, among bushes in
mountainous places. Corollas yellowish-white.
Flowery Storax. Tree 10 feet.
7 S. FERRUoiNEUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 55. t. 135.) leaves oblong-
ovate, acute, rather attenuated at the base, glabrous above, but
greenish-grey beneath, and dotted from tufts of rusty tomentum;
racemes axillary, very short, few flowered ; peduncles and calyxes
clothed with hoary yellow tomentum. Ij . G. Native of Brazil,
STYRACINE^. I. Stvrax.
in the province of Minas Geraes, about Villa Rica. Corollas
yellowish- white.
Rusty Storax. Shrub 5 feet.
8 S. CAMPORUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 56. t. 135.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated, somewhat attenuated at the base, shining and glabrous
above, and clothed with greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; ra-
cemes axillary, few-flowered; peduncles and calyxes clothed
with hoary yellow tomentum. f; . S. Native of Brazil. Co-
rollas yellowish-white.
Field Storax. Shrub 5 feet.
9 S. crymophy'llum (Pohl. 1. c. p. 57. t. 137.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; racemes
axillary, very short, about 4-flowered, and are, as well as the
calyxes, clothed with white or greenish tomentum. Ij • S.
Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro, among bushes, about Agoacin.
Corollas yellowish- white.
Ice-leaved Storax. Shrub.
10 S. PARViFOLiuM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 53. t. 133.) leaves oblong-
ovate, or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, glabrous above, and clothed
with greenish canescent tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary,
compound ; calyx clothed with yellowish down girding the pe-
ricarp to the middle. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Minas Geraes. Corollas white.
Small-leaved Storax. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
US. ACUMiNA^TUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 58. t. 138.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, glabrous, clothed with greenish hoary tomentum
beneath ; racemes axillary, simple ; calyx girding the fruit to
the fourth part of its length, and is, as well as the peduncles,
clothed with yellowish tomentum. f; . S. Native of Rio Ja-
neiro, among bushes, about Marambaia. Corollas greenish-white.
Acuminated Storax. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
12 S. chrysa'sterum (Pohl. 1. c. p. 59. t. 139.) leaves
oblong, acute, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with
greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple,
many-flowered ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with white to-
mentum. h . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz,
among bushes, by the edges of rivers and fields.
Golden-starred Storax. Tree 10 feet.
13 S. LATiFOLiUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 60. t. 140.) Icavcs large, oval-
ventricose, acute, glabrous above, clothed with rusty tomentum
beneath ; racemes axillary and terminal, compound ; calyxes and
peduncles clothed with rusty tomentum. tj . G. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in shady mountain-
woods. Corollas yellowish-white, downy.
Broad-leaved Storax. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
14 S. macrophy'llum (Pohl. 1. c. p. 61. t. 141.) leaves
large, oblong-ovate, acute, rather cordate at the base, glabrous
above, clothed with greenish-white tomentum beneath : with
reddish-brown villous veins ; racemes axillary, short, few-
flowered ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with reddish brown
villi. I; S. Native of Rio Janeiro, among bushes about Pillar.
Corolla yellowish-white.
Long-leaved Storax. Tree.
15 S. a'lbum (Mart, in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 284. Pohl. 1. c.
p. 62.) leaves oblong-ovate, acute, glabrous above, but clothed
with white tomentum beneath, as well as stellate rusty tomen-
tum on the veins and nerves ; calyxes and branches clothed with
rusty villi. Tj . G. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish.
White Storax. Shrub.
16 S. reticula'tum (Mart. reis. bras, ex Linnaea. 5. p. 41.)
leaves ovate or obovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, but
clothed with white tomentum beneath, and reticulated with pa-
rallel veins and cross nerves ; calyxes clothed with white to-
mentum, about equal to the corolla in length. Tj , S. Native
of Brazil. Leaves at length repand.
Reticulated Storax. Shrub.
17 S. au'reum (Mart. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, beset with stel-
late tufts of tomentum above, but at length shining, clothed
with golden yellow tomentum beneath, as well as the branchlets
and calyxes, which are a little shorter than the corolla. »j . G.
Native of Brazil.
Golden-leaved Storax. Shrub or tree.
18 S. TiNiFOLiuM ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, hoary
beneath ; racemes panicled, terminal, tomentose. Tj . S. Native
of Jamaica. Clethra tinifolia, Swartz. prod. 74. Tinus occi-
dentalis. Lin. spec. 530. Volkameria, P. Browne, jam.
214. t. 21. f 1. Sloan, jam. 2. p. 86. t. 198. f. 2. Leaves
dark green above. Fruit containing a sweet mealy pulp and
a hard stone. Sloane calls it the bastard Locust tree.
Tinus-leaved Storax. Shrub 10 to 12 feet,
* * * * ^ species native of Africa.
19 S. Gdinee'nse ; glabrous, leaves oblong, entire, ending
in an obtuse acumen, on short petioles; peduncles many-
flowered, corymbose, axillary; calyx nearly entire or a little
toothed. Pj . S. Native of Guinea in the island of St. Thomas.
Flowers very fragrant, white ; anthers combined into a tube.
Stigma large ovate. Corolla of 4 and 5 petals.
Guinea Storax. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
***** Species natives of Asia.
20 S. agre'ste ; leaves ovate, acuminated, a little serrated ;
glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered, almost terminal ; calyx
5-toothed. I; . H. Native of Cochin China, among bushes.
Cyrta agrestis. Lour. coch. 278. Tube of corolla equal to the
calyx in length. Drupe oblong, curved, containing a furrowed
nut. Flowers white.
Field Storax. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
21 S. viLLOsUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 671.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated, acutish at the base, unequal sided, rather villous be-
neath ; racemes simple, shorter than the leaves ; flowers with
6, rarely with 5 stamens. Tj . S. Native of Java, in woods, on
Mount Salak.
Villous Storax. Fl. Oct. Shrub.
22 S. Java'nicum (Blum, bijdr. p. 671.) leaves oblong acute,
rounded at the base, glabrous, rather tomentose on the rib be-
neath ; racemes crowded, many-flowered, much shorter than the
petioles ; flowers hexandrous. H . S. Native of Java on the
Parang mountains, in the province of Tjanjor ; and in woods on
Mount Burangrang.
Java Storax. Fl. Aug. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
23 S. virga'tum (Wall. cat. no. 4400.) branches downy;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, denticulated ; calyx and co-
rolla downy outside. tj . S. Native of Silhet. Calyx obso-
letely 5-toothed. Segments of corolla lanceolate.
Twiggy Storax. Shrub.
24 S. Porteria'num (Wall. cat. no. 4401.) branches, calyxes,
corollas, petioles and young leaves, downy ; leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, almost quite entire. Tj . S. Native of Penang.
Calyx entire. Corolla 6-parted, with elliptic-lanceolate acute
segments.
Porter's Storax. Shrub.
25 S. FiNLAYS0NiA'NUM(_Wall. Cat. no. 4403.) downy like the
last ; leaves elliptic-acuminated, quite entire, canescent beneath.
Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers fasciculated, ter-
minal racemose. Leaves, green above. Calyx obsoletely 5-
toothed. Corolla 5-6 cleft.
Finlaysons Storax. Shrub.
26 S. serrula^tum (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 415.) leaves oblong
acuminated, serrulated, glabrous, racemes terminal, simple, vil-
lous ; branches pubescent at top, as well as the young leaves
beneath. J; . S. Native of Chittagong. Cyrta, Ham. mss.
6
STYRACINE^. I. Styrax. HALESIACE.E. I. Halesia.
Koom-jameva is the Bengaleese name of the tree. Leaves 3
inches long. Corolla 6-cleft. Drupe 1-4-seeded.
Serrulated-leaved storax. Shrub.
27 S. Benzoin (Dryand. in trans, roy. see. 77. p. 307. t. 12.
Woodv. med. but. p. 200. t. 72.) leaves ovate-oblong, acumi-
nated, glabrous above, but clothed with leprous tomentum be-
neath, as well as the calyxes ; racemes compound almost the
length of the leaves; flowers with 7-9-10-staniens. f; . S.
Native of Sumatra and Java. Church. & Stev. med. bot. 3.
1. 112. Blum, bijdr. p. 671. Plench, icon. t. 342. Benjiii, Garc. in
Cius. exot. p. 155. Arbor. Benzoini, Grim, in ephem. acad. nat.
cur. dec. 2. aim. 1. p. 370, f. 31. Benzoin, Radermacher, in act.
Soc. liatav. 3. p. 44. Laurus Benzoin Houtt. in act. harlem. vol.
21. p. 2(J5. t. 7. Benjamin or Benzoin, Marsden, Sumatra, p. 123.
Luban is the Bengalese name of the resin. Leaves a hand long.
Corolla white, downy outside ; segments linear. — Though Gar-
cias, Grim and Sylvias were acquainted with the real tree from
which Benzoin is collected, their descriptions are so imperfect
that succeeding botanists have fallt n into many errors concern-
ing it ; and it is remarkable that, although this drug was always
imported from the East Indies, most of the later writers on the
Materia Medica have conceived it to be collected from a species
of Laurus, native of Virginia, to which, from this erroneous
supposition, they have given the trivial name Benzoin. Linnaeus
Mant. p. 297., seems to think that the drug is furnislied by the
Croton Bentxbe, and afterwards, in the Supplementum Plantarum,
p. 434, he describes the same plant again under the name of
Terminalia Benzoin. Jacquin, who was informed that this shrub
was called by the French, Bienjoint, may have occasioned the
mistake, from the similar sound of the word. Mr. Dryander,
however, in the year 1787, clearly proved it to be a species of
Styrax. The tree is deemed in Sumatra to be of sufficient age
in 6 years, or when the trunk is about 7 or 8 inches in dia-
meter, to afford the Benzoin. The bark is then cut through
longitudinally or somewhat obliquely, at the origin of the prin-
cipal lower branches, from which the drug exudes in a liquid
state, and by exposure to the sun and air soon concretes, when it
is scraped off. The trees are not found to sustain the effects
of these annual incisions longer than 10 or 12 years. The
quantity each tree yields never exceeds 3 pounds. The Benzoin
which issues first from the wounded bark is the purest, being soft,
extremely fragrant, and very white ; that which is less esteemed
is of a brownish colour, very hard, and mixed witii various impu-
rities. In Arabia, Persia, and other parts of the East, the coarser
sort is consumed in fumigating and perfuming temples, and
in destroying insects. The Benzoin which we find here in the
shops is in large brittle masses, composed partly of white, partly
of yellowish or light brown ; that which is clearest and contains
the most white matter, is accounted the best. This resin has
very little taste, impressing on the palate only a slight sweet-
ness ; its smell, especially when rubbed or heated, is extremely
fragrant and agreeable. It totally dissolves in rectified spirit,
the impurities excepted, into a deep yellow-red liquor, and in
this state discovers a degree of warmth and pungency as well as
sweetness. It imparts, by digestion, to water also, a consider-
able share of its fragrance, and a slight pungency ; the filtered
liquor, gently exhaled, leaves not a resinous or mucilaginous
extract, but a crystalline matter, seemingly of a saline nature,
amounting to one-tenth of an eighth of the weight of Benzoin.
Exposed to the fire in proper vessels, it yields a quantity of
white saline concrete, called Flores Benzoes, of an acidulous taste,
and grateful odour, soluble in rectified spirit, and in water by
the assistance of heat.
As the trees which afford Storax and Benzoin, are species of
the same genus, their products are very similar in their ex-
ternal appearance, and not widely different in their sensible
qualities ; it is therefore reasonable to suppose that they are ana-
logous in their medicinal effects. Benzoin, however, though
rarely employed in a simple state, has been frequently pre-
scribed as a pectoral, and is recommended for inveterate
coughs, asthmas, obstructions of the lungs, and all phthisical
complaints, unattended by much fever ; it has also been used
as a cosmetic, and in the way of fumigation for the resolution
of indolent tumours. Dr. Cullen classes benzoin with the sti-
mulants, and says that ihejlores benzoes, which is the only pre-
paration employed, are manifestly a saline substance, of an acid
kind, of considerable acrimony and stimulant power ; and
although it has been recommended as a pectoral, he found it
heating and hurtful in asthmatic cases in a dose of half a drachm.
In the Pharmacopoeias the flowers are directed in the tinctura
opii camphorala, and it is ordered in substance in the tinctura
benzoes conqwsita.
Benzoin Storax. Tree.
Cult. The hardy species of Storax are proper plants for
shrubberies, being very handsome when in flower. A light soil
suits them best. The best way of increasing them is by layers
put down in the autumn or spring. The stove and greenhouse
species will grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ;
and will be easily propagated by cuttings planted in sand, under
a hand-glass ; those of the tropical species in heat.
Order CLXII. HALESIA'CEjE (this order only contains
the genus Haletia, or Snow-drop trees). D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. dec. 1828. Symplocinese, part, of authors. Guaia-
c^nse, part. Juss. 156.
Calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, ventricosely
campanulate, with a 4-lobed, erect border. Stamens 12-16 ;
filaments combined into a tube at the base, and adnate to the
corolla ; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise.
Ovarium inferior. Style 1 ; stigma simple. Drupe dry, corticate,
oblong, with 2-4-winged angles, terminated by the permanent
style : containing a 2-4-celled putaraen, which is acute at both
ends; cells 1 -seeded ; seeds attached to the bottom of the cells ;
testa of seeds simple, very thin. Embryo length of albumen,
with linear-oblong cotyledons ; and a long, linear, compressed
inferior radicle. Albumen fleshy. — Trees with alternate, serrated
leaves ; and lateral fascicles of pedicellate, drooping, white
flowers. This order comeS nearest to Symplocinece, from which
it differs in the inferior ovarium, in the fruit being a hard, dry,
winged nut, and in the corolla being more decidedly monopetalous.
I. HALE' SI A (so named by Ellis in honour of the learned
and venerable Stephen Hales, D.D. F.R.S., author of Veget-
able Staticks in 1722). Ellis in Lin. gen. no. 596. Geertn.
fruct. 1. p. 160. t. 32. Juss. gen. 156.
Lin. syst. Dodecandria, Monogynia. Character the same
as the order.
1 H. tetra'ptera (Lin. spec. 636. Ellis in phil. trans,
vol. 51. p. 931. t. 22. f. A.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
sharply serrated ; petioles glandular ; fruit with 4 wings. \} . H.
Native of South Carolina, along the banks of rivers. Curt. bot.
mag. 910. Lodd. bot. cab. 1173. Cav. diss. 6. p. 338. t. 186.
Lam. ill. 404. Leaves acuminated, with the middle depressed.
Flowers pure white, 9-10 in a fascicle, drooping, resembling
those of the snow-drop. The wood is hard and veined ; the
bark is of a darkish colour, with many irregular fissures.
Four'winged-ivvMeA Halesia, or Common Snow-drop Tree.
Fl. April, May. Clt. 1756. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
2 H. PARviFLOKA (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 2. p. 40.) leaves
MYRSINEACE^.
ovate-oblong, acute, nearly entire ; flowers octandrous ; fruit
clavate, sliglitly 4-winged. h . H. Native of Florida. Ker.
bot. rcg. t. 952. Leaves downy, glaucous beneath. Racemes
panicled. Flowers white, drooping. Calycine teeth ovate.
.S'm«//;^OH'ert>rf Snow-drop-lree. Fl. May. CIt. 1802. Tree
10 feet.
3 H. DiPTERA (Lin. spec. G36.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated ;
petioles smooth and even ; pedicels elongated ; fruit with 2 large
opposite wings and 2 obsolete ones. T; . H. Native of Georgia
and Carolina, in shady places on the banks of rivers. Cav.
diss. 6. p. ,'338. t. 187. Lodd. bot. cab. 1172. Flowers oc-
tandrous. Leaves much larger than those of either of the pre-
ceding species.
Tn>o-n'inged-{rmted Snow-drop-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt.
1758. Tree 10 feet.
Cult. The species of Snow-drop-tree are well fitted for
shrublieries and lawns, on account of the profusion of early snow-
drop-like blossoms which they bear. They will grow in any
common soil, and are to be increased by slips of the root and
by seeds.
Order CXLIIL MYRSINEA^CE^E (this order contains
plants agreeing with Myrsine in important characters). Myr-
sineae, R. Br. prod. p. 533. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p.
100. ArdisiacesB, Juss. ann. mus. 15. p. 349. Ophiospermse,
Vent. eels. p. 86. Sapotae, part. Juss. gen. p. 168.
Calyx permanent, 4-5-lobed (f. 3. a. f. 4. a.). Corolla ga-
mopetalous (f. 4. h. f. 5. h.), rarely polypetalous, regular ;
lobes or petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx. Sta-
mens equal in number to the lobes of the corolla, inserted in
its base (f. 4. 6.), and opposite the lobes, free from each other or
combined. Pollen ovoid-globose, smooth. Ovarium free or adhe-
rent, 1 -celled; ovula immersed in the central placenta. Style 1.
Drupe or berry 1 or many-seeded. Albumen horny, conforming to
the seed, or deficient. Cotyledons short. Plumule inconspicuous
or very short. — ^Trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. Leaves alternate,
rarely almost opposite or subverticillate, simple, entire, or
toothed. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, or sessile, with inde-
finite centripetal floration. All the parts are more or less fur-
nished with resinous matter, which appears in dots. The hairs
are simple or stellate, usually rising from cells, generally very
short ; on the peduncles, calyxes, and lower surface of the leaves
they are most frequent ; in most of the species the situation
form, and number are variable.
The plants contained in this order are mostly inhabitants of
the warmer regions of Asia and America, but never beyond the
39th degree of latitude. The order is intermediate between
SapotecE and PrlmulacecB. Sapotcce differs from it in the whorl
of stamens being alternate with the lobes of the corolla ; and
from Primulacece in the fruit being indehiscent, and in habit.
The MyrshiecB have more or less a disposition to produce a
resinous substance, which appears as dots in different parts of
the plant, chiefly on the leaves, flowers, and berries. It may be
seen also in the hard wood of Myrsine and /Eg'iceras ; these
dots are dark or light brown, reddish, orange, or yellow ; they
vary in size, shape, and position in different species. Alphonse
de Candolle supposes the styptic taste of the fruit of Embelia
Ribes to depend very much upon the quantity, and some pecu-
liar quality, of this resinous substance.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
jEgice're^. Flowers pentamerous. Filaments connate at the
base. Ovarium superior, many-seeded. Stigma simple. Drupe
long, cylindrical, follicular, 1-seeded, Albumen none. Embryo
erect.
1 jEgi'ceras. Characters the same as the tribe.
Tribe IL
AKDisiE'iE. Calyx and corolla 4-5-lobcd (f. 3. a. b. f. 4. «. b.
f. 5. a. b.). Stamens usually free. Ovarium superior, many-
seeded. Drupe or berry globose, 1-seeded. Albumen horny.
Embryo transverse.
2 Walle'nia. Calyx and corolla tubular, 4-lobed ; filaments
connate at the base ; anthers ovoid. Stigma dot-formed.
3 Weige'ltia, Calyx and corolla 4-parted. Filaments free ;
anthers ovoid. Style short.
4 Conomorpha. Calyx and corolla 4»cleft, funnel-shaped ;
filaments free, inserted in the upper part of the corolla ; anthers
ovate-triangular. Stigma simple.
5 Cybia'nthus. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft, rotate ; filaments
very short ; anthers oblong, opening by 2 pores at top. Stigma
sessile, sub-capitate.
6 My'rsine. Calyx and corolla 4-6-lobed (f. 3. a. <Z.). Fila-
ments short, free. Stigma fringed, lobed, or simple (f. 3. h.).
7 Ba'dula. Calyx 5-lobed (f 4. «.). Corolla 5-cleft (f 4.
b.). Stigma thick, capitate, or obscurely lobed (f. 4. c).
8 Oncoste'mum. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft. Stamens com-
bined into a mass, or into a 5-toothed tube. Stigma funnel-
shaped, nearly entire, or denticulated.
9 Ardi'sia. Caly.x and corolla 5-cleft (f. 5. a. b.). Fila-
ments free ; anthers triangular, free, or combined. Stigma
simple, subulate, or dot-formed.
10 Embe'lia, Caly.x and corolla 5-parted. Filaments free ;
anthers ovoid. Stigma capitate.
1 1 Choripe'talum. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla 4-petalled.
Stamens combined, and with the petals at the base. Style fili-
form.
Tribe III.
Mjs^SEJB. Calyx 5-lohed. Corolla 5-lobed, induplicate in
aestivation. Stamens 5, free. Ovarium adherent, half inferior,
many-ovulate. Style short ; stigma obscurely 3-5-lobed. Seeds
numerous, small, angular, fixed to (he central placenta. Embryo
transverse.
12 M^'sA. Character the same as that of the tribe.
f A genus doubtful whether belonging to the present order.
13 Corynoca'rpus. Calyx of 5 concave sepals. Corolla of
5 roundish petals. Stamens 5, from the claws of the petals.
Drupe clavate, containing a 1-seeded nut.
Tribe I.
jEGICFRE^ (this tribe contains only the genus /Egkeras).
Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 100. Calyx 5-parted ; seg-
ments obliquely imbricated. Corolla 5-cleft. Filaments con-
nate at the base ; anthers free, sagittate, having the cells burst-
MYRSINEACEiE. I. ^giceras. II. Wallenia. III. Weigeltia. IV. Conomorpha. V. Cybianthus.
iiig lengthwise. Ovarium superior, many-seeded. Stigma
simple. Drupe long, cylindrical, follicular, 1 -seeded. Albu-
men none. Embryo erect. Habit of the genera of Sapotece.
I. iEGrCERAS (from aiE, aiyoc, ail aigos, a goat, and cfpac,
keras, a horn ; form of fruit). Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 216. t. 46.
Keen. ann. bot. 1. p. 129. R. Br. prod. p. 53i.
LiN. sYST. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Character the same as
that of the tribe. — Small trees, natives of the sea-shore, among
mangroves.
1 /E. fra'grans (Keen, in ann. bot. 1. p. 129. with a figure.
Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 84. t. 21.) leaves obovate, repand, veiny ;
umbels pedunculate, axillary, and terminal ; fruit cylindrical,
subulate, a little arched. ^ . G. Native of New Holland, Mo-
luccas, Java, Burman empire, Penang, Delta of Ganges, and Ma-
labar, by the sea side, amongst mangroves. M. majus, Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 216. t. 46. M. obovatum, Blum, bijdr. p. 693.
jE. floridum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 512. Rhizophora
corniculata, Lin. spec. 635. — Rumph. amb. 3. t. 117. A stout
milky shrub. Superior surface of leaves covered with saline
excrescence. Flowers white, fragrant, in terminal umbels.
Fragrant .fl^giceras. Clt. ? Tree small.
2 ]E. fe'rreum (Blum, bijdr. p. 693.) leaves small, spatulate,
with subrecurved margins, almost veinless ; umbels axillary and
terminal ; fruit cylindrical, subulate, arched. Ij . S. Native
of the east shore of Java, where it is called Kalcnnigon. Man-
gium ferreum, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 79.
Iron jEgiceras. Fl. year. Shrub.
Cult. The species of this genus grow well in a mixture of
sand, loam, and peat ; and ripened cuttings will strike root in
sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
Tribe II.
ARDISIE'.351 (this tribe contains shrubs agreeing with the
genus Ardlsia in important characters). Alph. D. C. in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 101. Calyx 4-5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous.
Stamens usually free ; cells of anthers bursting lengthwise or at
the apex. Ovarium superior, many-seeded. Drupe or berry
globose, 1 -seeded. Albumen horny. Embryo transverse.
II. WALLE'NIA (so named in memory of Matthew Wallen,
a native of Ireland, many years resident in Jamaica, who culti-
vated both indigenous and exotic plants there, at considerable
expense, and much assisted Patrick Browne in his Natural His-
tory of Jamaica). Swartz. prod. 1. p. 31. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
248. Sehreb. gen. no. 1722. p. 789,
LiN. SYST. Tt'lrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx and corolla tu-
bular, 4-lobed at the apex. Stamens inserted in the base ot the
corolla ; filaments combined at the base, free at top and ex-
serted ; anthers ovoid, much shorter than the filaments, dehiscing
lengthwise. Style short ; stigma dot-formed. — Small trees.
Leaves alternate, nearly opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oblong, more
or less obtuse, entire, coriaceous, glabrous. Panicles terminal,
naked, many-flowered ; pedicels forming umbcllets at the tops
of the peduncles. Lobes of calyx and corolla obtuse, imbricate
in aestivation.
1 W. laurifolia (Swartz. prod. p. 31. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 248.
t. 6.) calyx and corolla covered with glandular dots. fj . S.
Native of Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Cuba. Petesioides lauri-
folium, Jacq. amer. 17. — Sloane, jam. 2. p. 234. t. 145. f. 5.
Flowers yellow. Berries scarlet. Glandular dots orange-
coloured. Jacquin describes the leaves as 6 inches long, and
greasy ; and the flowers as white.
Laurel-leaved Wallenia. Tree 10 to 14 feet.
2 W. angula'ta (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. t. 30.) peduncles
thicker ; calyx and corolla without glandular dots. Tj . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies ? Cultivated in the gardens of the Mau-
ritius, and in those of Vienna.
Angular Wallenia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
Cull. See Ardlsia, p. 20. for culture and propagtion.
III. WEIGE'LTIA (named after M. Weigelt, who first col-
lected the plant). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 102.
LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monog/jnia. Calyx and corolla 4-
parted. Stamens 4, inserted in the base of the corolla ; fila-
ments free, filiform, shorter than the lobes of the corolla ; anthers
ovoid, much shorter than the filaments, horizontal ; having the
cells dehiscing lengthwise. Style acuminated, 3 times shorter
than the stamens. This genus differs from Wallenia in the in-
florescence ; in the calyx and corolla being deeply divided ; in
the filaments being free, &c.
1 W. myria'nthos (Alph. D. C. 1. c). fj . S. Native about
Surinam. Wallenia myrianthos, Rchb. in Weigelt. pi. exsic.
sur. Branches glabrous. Leaves obovate, more or less acute,
glabrous, 3-5 inches long, beset with red pellucid dots when
examined by a lens. Peduncles numerous, alternate in the axils
of the leaves, rather velvety. Bracteas alternate, oblong. Co-
rolla white, dotted with red.
Myriadjlowered Weigeltia. Tree small.
Cult. See Ardlsia, p. 20. for culture and propagation.
IV. CONOMO'RPHA (from xw>"), chone, a funnel, and
jjLopipr), morphe, form ; in reference to the shape of the corolla).
Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 102. — Wallenia spec. Mart,
nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 89. — Conostylus, Pohl. in litt. to D.C.
LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx and corolla 4-
cleft, funnel-shaped. Stamens 4, one half shorter than the co-
rolla ; filaments inserted in the upper part of the tube of the
corolla, very short, free ; anthers erect, ovate-triangular, in-
closed, fixed by the base ; having the cells dehiscing length-
wise. Ovarium conical in the abortive flowers, and nearly glo-
bose in the fertile flowers. Style short ; stigma simple. Drupe
1-seeded. — Small, American trees. Leaves alternate, entire,
full of dots, coriaceous, varying in size on the same branch.
Racemes axillary ; pedicels alternate, short, in the axils of the
bracteas. Flowers probably polygamous, the ovarium not
always being perfect.
1 C. OBLONGiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 103.) Icaves oblong;
peduncles shorter than the petioles. H . S. Native of Brazil.
Conostylus oblongifolius, Pohl. ined. Branches slender, gla-
brous. Leaves oblong or obovate, 3-4 inches long, 12-15 lines
broad, obtuse, or acute, beset with blackish dots. Peduncles
many-flowered. Bracteas ovate, obtuse. Lobes of calyx and
corolla ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla whitish, funnel-sliaped.
Oblong-lcavcd Conomorpha. Tree small.
2 C. LAxiFLORA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate or oblong,
bluntish, cuneated towards the base ; racemes nearly equal,
length of leaves, pendulous ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, acumin-
ated ; calycine segments triangular, a little ciliated ; corolla
campanulate, having the lobes reflexed at the apex. Ij . S.
Native on the banks of the river Amazon. Wallenia laxiflora,
Mart. nov. gen. 3. p. 89. Flowers white?
Loose-Jlomered Conomorpha. Tree small.
Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20., for culture and propagation.
V. CYBIA'NTHUS (from KvjioQ, kyhos, a square, and avOoc,
anthos, flower ; square form of corollas). Mart. nov. gen. 3. p.
87. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 103.
LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia, Calyx deeply 4-cleft.
Corolla 4-cleft, rotate, flat, making the circumference nearly
square : having the lobes as well as the calyx marked with dots
and immersed glandular lines. Stamens 4 ; filaments very short ;
anthers nearly sessile, oblong, erect, opening by 2 pores at the
apex. Ovarium superior, minute (abortive ?), depressedly glo-
MYRSINEACE^. V. Cybianthus. VI. Myrsine.
bose. Stigma sessile, sub-capitate. Ovula erect, jirobably
numerous. Drupe 1 -seeded. ? — Small trees, natives of Brazil.
Leaves scattered, but approximate towards the extremities of
the branches, petiolate, beset with gland-like tubercles. Flowers
small, unibracteate, disposed in axillary erectish or drooping
racemes. Lobes of corolla, but particularly those of the calyx,
fringed with hairs.
1 C. PENDULiNUS (Mart. nov. gen. bras, 3. p. 87. t. 230.)
leaves oblong, acute at both ends, glabrous ; petioles pilose at
the base ; racemes loose, pendulous, about equal in length to the
leaves, downy ; calycine segments acute. 1; . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro. Flowers white.
Drooping Cybianthus. Tree.
2 C. cuNEiFOLius (Mart. 1. c. p. 88.) leaves broad-lanceo-
late, acute, tapering much to the base, glabrous ; petioles pilose ;
racemes spreading, downy, 3 times shorter than the leaves ;
calvcine segments bluntish, ^. S. Native of Brazil, near
Sebastionople. Flowers white.
Wedge-leaved Cybianthus. Tree.
3 C. PRiNciPis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 104) leaves
lanceolate, attenuate at tiie apex and bluntish ; panicles axillary
and terminal, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles spreading, an-
gular ; flowers somewhat fascicled at the apex ; segments of
corolla oblong, reflexed. t; . S. Native of Brazil, at the river
Uheos, where it was collected by Prince Ntuweid. Wallenia
angustifolia, Nees. et Mart, beitr. zur. fl. bras, in nov. act. bonn.
11. p. 87. Flowers white.
Prince Neuweid's Cybianthus. Tree.
4 C. HuMBOLDTii (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nate, undulately ciliated, glabrous, shining above ; panicles ter-
minal, simple ; flowers disposed in fascicular umbels ; segments
of corolla oblong, obtuse, revolute. fj . S. Native of New
Granada, on the Andes, about Quindiu, at the altitude of about
1 200 hexapods. Flowers pedicellate, 3-5 in a fascicle. Berries
red. Ardisia tetrandra, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 243. Habit of Ardisia crenata.
Humboldt's Cybianthus. Tree 15-20 feet.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20.
VL MY'RSINE (fivpawr], myrsine, the Greek name of
Myrrh). Lin. gen. ed. 1. p. 54. no. 269. Juss. gen. 152.
Gajrtn. fruct. t. 59. R. Br. prod. p. 5'iS. Alph. D. C. in Lin.
trans 17. p. 104. — Rapanea, Aubl.guian. 1. p. 121. — Caballeria,
Ruiz, et Pav. prod. fl. per. p. 141. — Manglilla, Juss. gen. 152.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. — Athrurophy'Uum, Lour. coch. 148. —
Sideroxylon, Scleroxylon, Samara, Rcemeria, Chrysophyllum,
species of authors.
LiN. sYST. Tetra-Hexandria Monogynia, or Polygamia
Dioecia. Calyx and corolla 4-5-6-lobed (f. 3. a. d.) ; lobes of
corolla imbricate in aestivation. Stamens equal in number to
the lobes of the corolla, free ; filaments very short, inserted in
the tube of the corolla ; anthers usually almost sessile, erect,
acute : having the cells dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium with an
indefinite number of ovula, 4-5, ex R. Br. Style short, usually
caducous ; stigma fringed, or lobed, or simple. Drupe, or
berry, pea- formed, 1 -seeded. — Trees, or small shrubs, with
alternate leaves. F"lowers polygamous or hermaphrodite, sessile,
or on very sliort pedicels, in fascicles ; fascicles axillary, more or
less covered by imbricate, obtuse, permanent bracteas. This is
a very polymorphous genus, distinguished by its peculiar inflo-
rescence readier than by any other character.
* Stigma fringed or lobed.
1 M. Urvillei (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 105.) gla-
brous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, entire, full of pellucid dots ; flowers
almost sessile, fascicled, pentandrous, polygamous ; lobes of
VOL. IV.
calyx small, tooth-formed ; anthers sessile, ovoid. I^ . G.
Native of New Zealand, in Tasman's Bay, and Cook's Strait.
Leaves 1-2 inches long, obtuse, and somewhat emarginate, mem-
branous, covered with yellow dots. Bracteas a little ciliated.
Corolla 5-parted ; glabrous, hardly a line long. Berry ovoid.
D' Urville's Myrsine. Shrub.
2 M. Africa'na (Lin. spec. 285) glabrous; leaves elliptic,
serrated, acute, dotted ; flowers axillary, by threes, pentandrous,
polygamous ; segments of corolla ciliated ; corolla full of testa-
ceous dots ; calycine segments obovate. fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. M. glabra, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 282. —
Comm. hort 1. p. 123. t. 164. — Pluk. phyt. t. 80. f. 5. — Breyn.
cent. 9. t. 5. Flowers on short pedicels, pale. Berries blue,
dotted. Stigma panicled.
Far. /3, retiisa (Alph. D. C. FIG. 3.
in Lin. trans. 17. p. 105.) leaves
obovate, obtuse, cmarginately
toothletted at top. (j . G. Na-
tive of the Azores. M. retiisa,
Ait. hort. kew. l.p. 271. Vent,
eels. t. 86. — M. scabra, Gasrtn.
fruct. 1 . p. 1 82. Berries size
of red currants, rugged from
small tubercles, with a straw-
coloured rind. Cultivated since
1788, and flowers in June. jp»
(f-3.). '^f
African Mvrsine. Fl. Mar. "j
May. Clt. 1691. Shrub 3-6
feet.
3 M. bif/Cria (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 296.) branches
and petioles villous; leaves small, lanceolate, cuspidately serrated,
cuneated and entire at the base, glabrous, dotted ; flowers almost
sessile, tetrandrous, polygamous, in axillary fascicles ; calycine
segments lanceolate, ciliated ; filaments very short ; anthers
large, exserted. f; . G. Native of Nipau), from Hetounra to
the valley, and on the surrounding mountains. It is also a
native of Kamaon and Shreenagur. A large shrub, w ith hardly
any defined stem. Leaves bifarious, coriaceous. Flowers
white, tinged with pink, 5 or 6 in a .ascicle, besprinkled vvitii
copious brown elevated dots. Stigma warted. Drupe round,
and about the size of a coriander seed.
i?(/arwM4-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822.
Tree 20 feet.
4 M. suBSPiNosA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 147.) leaves lanceo-
late, acuminated, stiff, glabrous, spinulosely serrated ; flower-
dioecious, tetrandrous, in sessile axillary umbellate downy
fascicles, tj . G. Native of Nepaul, at Narainhetty, where it
is called Mina Bocoshi by the natives. Samara subspinosa,
Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don. 1. c.
Subspinose-\ea.veA Myrsine. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
5 M. se'ssius (D. Don, 1. c. p. 146.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated, glabrous, shining, denticulated at the apex ; flowers
hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, in sessile umbellate axillary fasci-
cles ; stigma 2-lobed. fj . G. Native of Nipaul, in woods, at
Narainhetty. Samikra sessilis, Hamilt. mss.
Sessile-dowereA Myrsine. Fl. Oct. Shrub.
6 M. semiserra'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 293. tent.
fl. nep. 1. p. 34, with a figure) leaves dense, linear, or linear lan-
ceolate, sharply serrulated from the middle to the apex ; flowers
tetrandrous and pentandrous, polygamous, pedicellate, 6-12 in a
fascicle ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; stigma uni-
lateral, fringed, 3-lobed. Pj . G. Native throughout Nipaul,
where it is called, in Newar language, Bilsee, Beresse, and Afl/(-
katha. A branchy tree. Branches dotted. Leaves besprinkled
with reddish resinous dots, coriaceous, from 3 to 5 inches long.
C
10
MYRSINEACEjE. VI. MvRsiNE.
Corolla pale pink. Drupe size of a pea, round, smooth and
shining ; flesh soft and pulpy. The wood of this tree is of a
chocolate colour, radiated, compact, and heavy ; it is much es-
teemed by the hill people for various carpenter's work. They
eat the ripe fruit.
7/a//-sc)Ta;fc/-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822.
Tree ."JO-iO feet.
7 M. varia'bilis (R. Br. prod. p. 532. Sieb.pl. exsic. nov.
holl. no. 262.) leaves obovate, oblong, entire, or toothed ; flowers
in umbellate sessile fascicles ; pedicels glabrous ; flowers tetran-
drous and pentandrous, polygamous ; anthers sessile. ^ . G.
Native of New South Wales.
Fariable Myrsine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
8 M. iiRCEOLATA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-oblong,
quite entire ; flowers in axillary sessile umbels ; pedicels gla-
brous ; flowers tetrandrous, polygamous ; corolla of the male
flowers urceolate ; stamens inclosed. Ij . G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
i/rceo/a/e-flowered Myrsine. Shrub.
9 M. CRAssiFOLiA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, coriaceous,
entire ; flowers axillary, aggregate, almost sessile. I? . G.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; and of Norfolk
Island. Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 48. Bauer, ill. ins.
norf t. 124. Leaves 2 or 21 inches long.
Thick-leaved Myrsine. Shrub.
10 M. exce'lsa (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 147) leaves lan-
ceolate, acute, quite entire, glabrous, attenuated at the base ;
flowers dioecious, pentandrous ; umbels sessile, glomerate, woolly ;
lobes of stigma oblong. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul, in woods.-
Tall Myrsine. Tree 30-40 feet.
11 M. CAPiTELLA^TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 295.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, coriaceous ; flowers pen-
tandrous, polygamous, sessile: in beads, from the axils of the
fallen leaves, in which case they appear lateral ; calycine teeth
ovate-acute ; anthers oblong, large. H . G. Native of Nipaul,
where it is called, in the Newar language, BhoolluBilloo. Branches
angular. Leaves 5-7 inches long, copiously dotted. Flowers
greenish, with copious resinous elevated brown dots ; estivation
valvate. Calyx urceolate. Corolla with lanceolate-recurved
segments and short tube. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Drupes like
those of ^L semiserrata, but smaller.
Var. ft, paivifblia (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 106)
leaves smaller ; heads few-flowered. T; . G. Native of Silhet.
M. lanceolata. Wall. cat. no. 2297. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
Flowers scattered.
Small-hcadcd Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822. Tree
30-10 feet.
12 M. LuciDA (Wall. cat. no. 2298.) leaves lanceolate, quite
entire, glabrous, with dotted margins ; flowers lateral, in fascicles,
pentandrous, polygamous 1 calycine lobes ovate, acute, a little
ciliated. fj . G. Native of the Burman Empire, on Mount
Taong Dong. Branches brown. Leaves 4-5 inches long,
acuminated or bluntish, coriaceous. Berries globose, deep
purple.
ShiningAeaxeA. Myrsine. Tree small.
13 M. Porteria'na (Wall. cat. no. 6525. Alph. D. C. in
Lin. trans. 17. p. 106.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acute at
both ends, entire ; flowers sessile, glomerate, few, pentandrous,
polygamous ? ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, ciliated. Ij . G.
Native of Penang. Branches with white dots, leafy at top.
Leaves 1^ to 2 inches long, beset with depressed dots beneath.
Porter's Myrsine. Tree small.
14 M. Wighiia\va (Wall. cat. no. 2300. Alph. D. C. 1. c.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire, scabrous from
dots; flowers few, sessile, pentandrous, polygamous ? ; calycine
lobes ovate, acute, ciliated, h . G. Native of the East Indies.
Branches inflated at the origin of the leaves and flowers. Leaves
approximate at the tops of the branches, 2-3 inches long, some-
times obtuse, coriaceous, beset with elevated dots.
Wight's Myrsine. Tree.
15 M. linea'ris (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 709.) leaves linear,
quite entire, flat, shining, crowded at the tops of the branches ;
flowers pentandrous, in fascicles. ^ . G. Native of Cochin
China, in woods. M. athrurophy'llum, R. Br. Athrurophy'llum
lineare. Lour. coch. p. 148. Flowers small, whitish red.
iHit'«r-leaved Myrsine. Tree tall.
16 M. MiTis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 663.) glabrous; leaves ob-
long, acute at both ends ; flowers lateral, sessile, aggregate,
pentandrous ; lobes of calyx roundish, obtuse ; corolla rotate,
with oblong, obtuse, concave segments; stigma sessile. ^ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sideroxylon mite, Lin. syst.
p. 193. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 249. Scleroxylon mite, Willd. spec.
1. p. 1089. Sideroxylon mas inerme. Mill. fig. t. 299. Manglilla
Milleriana, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophyllum Millerianum,
Lam. ill. no. 2477. In Miller's figure the peduncles are
lateral and axillary, cymose.
il/iW Myrsine. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1692. Shrub 6 -feet.
17 M. melanophle'os (R. Br. prod. p. 533.) glabrous;
leaves elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, bluntish ; flowers axillary,
aggregate, on short angular pedicels, pentandrous. 't • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sideroxylon melanophleum,
Lin. mant. p. 48. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 89. t. 71.— Burra. afr.
238. t. 84. f. 2.— Comm. hort. 1. p. 195. t. 109. Manglilla
melanophleos, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophyllum melano-
phleum. Lam. diet. Scleroxylon melanophleum, Willd. enum. 1.
p. 249. Rcemeria melanophl^a, Thunb. nov. gen. in Rcem.
arch. 2. B. p. 1. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Black-jmper Uyxsme. Fl. ?. Clt. 1783. Shrub,
18 M. Sama'ra (R. Br. 1. c. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
511) leaves elliptic ; flowers pentandrous, in small corymbs.
Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Samara pentandra.
Ait. hort. kevv. 1. p. 160. Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. Flowers
small. Branches leafy at top.
^'cTJHara Myrsine. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1770. Shrub.
19 M. ave'nis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 107.) leaves
lanceolate, bluntish at the apex, narrowed at the base, quite
entire, coriaceous, glabrous, nearly veinless ; flowers in axillary
and lateral fascicles ; calycine teeth acute. ^; . S. Native of
Java, on the top of Mount Burangrang. Ardisia avenis, Blume,
bijdr. t. 691.
Veinless Myrsine. Tree 20 feet.
20 M. Madagascarie'nsis (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong,
obtuse, entire, glabrous, coriaceous, thick, beset with black dots
beneath ; flowers in fascicles, pentandrous, polygamous. ? caly-
cine lobes ovate, a little ciliated ; berries globose, pedicellate.
Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves 2-4 inches long, emar-
ginate, attenuated into the petioles. Pedicels three lines long.
Madagascar Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
21 M. Rapa'nea (R. Br. prod. 533. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 509.) glabrous; leaves obovate, entire, fidl of ex-
cavated dots on both surfaces : flowers pentandrous, male
and hermaphrodite, in axillary and lateral fascicles ; corolla
white ; calycine segments ovate, acute. ^ . .S. Native
of French Guiana, Island of Trinidad ; and about Bahia, in
Brazil. Rapanea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 121. t. 46.
Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 262. Lam. ill. t. 121, f. 1. Samara pen-
tandra, Swartz, descr. 262. but not of Ait. Samara floribiinda,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. Caballeria coriacea, Meyer, esseq. p.
118. Berries globose, violaceous, size of a grain of pepper.
Flowers white. Leaves 4-5 inches long.
Rapanea Myrsine. Shrub 5-Q feet.
22 M. coria'cea (R. Br. prod. p. 533. Ra:m. et Schultes,
MYRSINEACEiE. VI. Myrsine.
11
syst. 4. p. 509.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, coriaceous ;
flowers pentanilrous, liermaphrodite, ? sessile, in axillary fascicles.
y^ . S. Native of Jamaica, Cuba, and Porto Rico. Samara
coriicea, Swartz, prod. 33. descr. 2(31. Willd. spec. 1. p.
665.
C'or(nceo!;i-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Nov. Feb. Clt. 1770. Tree.
23 JM. Florida'na (Alpli. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 107.)
glabrous ; leaves oval-oblong, entire, coriaceous, dotted beneath ;
fascicles few-flowered, but numerous ; flowers pentandrous ;
calyx 5-parted. f; . G. Native of Florida. Sideroxylon
punctatum, Lam. ill. no. 2'160. ? Bumelia punctata, Roem. et
Scbultes, syst. 4. p. 498. ? Branches beset with ovate white
warts. Leaves 2-3 inches long, obtuse or acutish, shining above,
dotted. Berries globose, spotted. Allied to M. Manglilla,
but the leaves are more oblong, and on shorter petioles ; and
to M. cor'tacea, from which it differs in the larger leaves, which
are never emarginate ; oval-oblong, not cuneate-oblong, &c.
Florida Myrsine. Shrub.
24 M. jNIanglilla (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 509. ex R.
Br. prod. 533.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, obtuse, white beneath;
fascicles axillary and lateral, on short pedicels ; calycine seg-
ments ovate. I; . G. Native of Peru, about Lima. Sider-
oxylon Manglillo, Lam. diet. 1. p. 245. Manglilla, Juss. gen.
151. JNIanglilla Peruviana, Gmel, syst. p. 398. Scleroxylon
Manglillo, Willd. mag. 3. p. 59. Duhamelia Manglillo, Uombey.
Caballeria oblonga, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. 1. p. 280.
Manglilla Jussieui, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophy'Uum
Manglilla, Lam. ill. 2. p. A5. Bumelia Manglilla, Willd. spec.
2. p. 1087.
Manglilla Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
25 M. Trinitatis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 108.)
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glabrous, entire, dotted be-
neath ; fascicles few-flowered ; flowers small, pedicellate, pen-
tandrous. Tj . S. Native of Trinidad. M. coriacea, Sieb. pi.
exsic. trin. no. 50. and 302. Extremities of the branches rusty,
and rather velvety. Leaves 1-2 inches long, paler and dotted
beneath. Calycine lobes small, lanceolate. This species differs
from M. coriacea in the acute leaves and smaller glabrous
flowers.
Trinidad Myrsine. Tree or shrub.
26 M. sALiciFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, entire ;
petioles pilose ; fascicles many-flowered ; flowers pentandrous ;
calycine lobes ciliated ; berries globose, marked with oblong
spots. f; . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Bumelia salicifolia,
Bert. ined. in herb. Balb. Branches dotted, velvety at top.
Leaves 1|- to 2 inches long, firm, paler and dotted beneath.
Calycine segments ovate-oblong, marked with yellow oblong
spots. Style short, obtuse. Very nearly allied to M. Trinitatis.
Willow-leaved Myrsine. Tree or shrub.
27 M. Berte~rii (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 109.) branches pube-
rulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish, entire, glabrous above,
puberulous beneath and on the petioles ; flowers nearly sessile,
rather velvety, pentandrous ; lobes of calyx and corolla obtuse.
^7 . S. Native of Hispaniola. Sideroxylon Mastichodendron,
Balb. in herb. D. C. Branches and petioles as if they were
covered with powder. Leaves 2 inches long, narrowed into the
petioles. Flowers 4-5 in each fascicle. Berry globose, gla-
brous, terminated by the trimcate style. This species conies
very near M. salicifolia, but the leaves are a little smaller, less
acute, and are downy beneath, as well as the branches, petioles,
and flowers.
Bertero's Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
28 M. FERRLGiNEA (Sprcng. syst. 1. p. C64) leaves lanceo-
late, acute, quite entire, coriaceous, rather pilose ; flowers in
fascicles, on short pedicels, hermaphrodite, pentandrous ; lobes
of calyx and corolla acute; stigma 2-lobed. fj . G. Native
of Peru, in mountain groves. Caballeria ferruginea, Ruiz, et
Pav. syst. 1. p. 210. Branches rather pilose. Leaves 2i
inches long, rusty and dotted beneath : having the petioles, and
central nerve rufous and velvety. Calyx snioothish. Berry
spotted much.
Rusty Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
29 M. rufe'scens (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 109.)
branches and nerves of leaves dotted with rufescent velvety
down ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire, on long petioles ;
flowers tetrandrous ; stigma 2-lobed, thickisli. Tj . S. Native
of Brazil, in the woods of Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro. Branches
twiggy. Leaves 2-3 inches long, pale and dotted beneath.
Flowers in i"ascicles at the base of the branches. Berry globose,
full of elongated marks.
Rufescent Myrsine. Shrub.
30 M. LATiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. G64.) leaves oblong,
quite entire, dotted on both surfaces ; flowers numerous, pentan-
drous, conglomerate. ^ . G. Native of Peru, in the woods of
Muna and Pillao. Caballeria latifolia, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 1. p.
279.
Broad-leaved Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
31 M. pellu'cida (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong,
dotted ; dots pellucid, roundish on the upper surface, but linear
on the under: flowers pentandrous, aggregate. Tj . G. Native
of Peru, on the mountains, in woods. Caballeria pelliicida,
Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c.
Pellucid-AotteCi Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
32 M, denta'ta (Spreng. 1. c ) branches dependent ; leaves
crovfded, ovate and cordate, upper ones dentated ; flowers race-
mose, pentandrous ; style long ; stigma depressed. >2 . G.
Native of Peru, on the mountains. Caballeria dentata, Ruiz, et
Pav. 1. c.p. 281.
yoo^/i-leaved Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
33 M. VENOsissiMA (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
quite entire, full of pellucid dots ; flowers aggregate, pentan-
drous. It • G. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Caballeria
venosissima, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 282.
Very veiny-\ea.vei\ Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
34 M. depe'ndens (Spreng. 1. c.) branches dependent, vel-
vety ; leaves crowded, broad-elliptic, retuse or mucronulated,
entire, ciliated, shining above, full of dots beneath ; flowers
axillary, solitary or twin, on short pedicels, tetrandrous ; calycine
segments ovate, acute ; lobes of corolla oblong, twice as long as
the calyx. Ij . G. Native of Peru, on the higher mountains ;
and on Silla de Caraccas. Caballeria dependens, Ruiz et Pav.
syst. I. p. 281. Caballeria myrtifolia, Deless. herb, ex Ruiz, et
Pav. Myrsine ciliJita, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 248. t.
245. Leaves 4-6 lines long. Stigma capitate. Berry ovate-
globose, spotted with black.
Hanging-hxanched Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
35 M. Popaye'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
249.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, bluntish, quite entire,
revolute at the base, glabrous and shining above, but clothed
with fine down or hairs beneath ; umbels or fascicles axillary,
sessile ; flowers on short pedicels, pentandrous ; calycine lobes
ovate-acute, a little ciliated ; stigma pentagonal, f; . G. Native
of New Granada, near Popayan, in mountainous places. Sa-
mara myricoides, Room, et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 294. ex Kunth.
in Linnaea. 1830. p. 367. Branches downy, clothed with rusty
tomentum while young ; segments of corolla marked with black
lines, oblong, acute. Flowers white. Anthers yellow.
Popayan Myrsine. Tree 20 feet.
36 M. MYRICOIDES (Schlecht. in Linnsea, 8. p. 525.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into the petioles, with revolute
edges, smoothish and shining above, but paler beneath, and
clothed with soft down ; nerves prominent beneath, and are, as
12
MYRSINEACE^. VI. Myrsine. VII. Badula.
well as the petioles, young branches, and buds, beset with more
dense rusty down ; flowers aggregate on short pedicels. Tj . G.
Native of Mexico, at Jalapa. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and S-10
lines broad. Fruit small, globose, bluntly mucronate, seated on
the 5-cleft stellate calyx, marked with lines, brownish. Calycine
segments slightly ciliated. Stigma pentagonal.
Myrica-Uke Myrsine. Fl. March, May. Shrub.
* * Stigma simple.
37 M. ARDisioiDES (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
249.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, cuneated at the base,
quite entire, membranous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, sessile,
few-flowered ; pedicels glabrous ; flowers pentandrous ; calycine
segments roundish-ovate, obtuse, dotted with glands. \ . G.
Native of Peru. Branches glabrous, brown. Leaves 4-3 lines
long. Fascicles 6-7-flowered. Corolla white ?, with revolute,
ovate, obtuse segments, which are full of glandular dots. Berries
dry, depressedly globose.
Ardiaia-Uke Myrsine. Tree small.
38 M. PENDULiFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, icon. fl. max. ined.
Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 110.) glabrous; leaves ovate,
bluntish, entire, narrowed into the petioles ; umbels axillary, pen-
dulous, one-half shorter than the petioles ; flowers pentandrous ;
teeth of calyx ovate, acute, small; lobes of corolla ovate, acute,
3 times as large as the calyx ; anthers lanceolate, sessile, inserted
in the middle of the lobes of the corolla, and shorter than them ;
style acute, inclosed ; berry globose. Tj . G. Native of Mexico.
Leaves an inch long. Flowers either solitary, or 2-5 in a fascicle.
Corolla pale red.
Pendidous-Jiowered Myrsine. Tree or shrub.
39 M. Canarie'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 663.) leaves oval-
oblong, bluntish, almost sessile, large, glabrous, coriaceous,
entire ; flowers axillary, in fascicles, sessile ; calyx .5-6-toothed ;
corolla 5-6-cleft : having the lobes linear-lanceolate; stamens
inclosed, inserted in the middle of the corolla; anthers acute;
style inclosed, acuminated. Ij . G. Native of TeneriflPe.
Scleroxylon Canariense, Willd. mag. berol. nat. freund. 3. p. 52.
!Manglilla Canariensis, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 505.
Branches spotted with white. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 2-4
broad. Flowers 3-8 in a fascicle. Lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse,
a little ciliated. Berry globose. There are varieties of this
having the leaves more or less full of pellucid dots, which are
either round or oblong. Flowers whitish.
f'o wo-)/ Island Myrsine. FL? Clt. 1820. Tree 30-40 feet.
40 M. pachysa'ndra (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2, p. 297. cat.
no. 2284.) branches velvety ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated,
entire, dotted, glabrous above, rather pilose beneath, having the
lateral nerves arched ; flowers fascicled, pedicellate, hermaphro-
dite, pentandrous; calycine lobes ovate, ciliated ; corolline lobes
reflexed ; anthers large, triangular, connate at the time of
flowering ; style acuminated. f; . S. Native of Penang and
Singapore. This is an anomalous species : the dots on the
leaves and flowers are more like those of Ardisia than Myrsine ;
but the inflorescence is that of Myrsine, The alabastrum is
spirally twisted, and the aestivation imbricate. Perhaps a new
genus.
Thick-anlhered Myrsine. Tree small.
-j~ Species unknown, or very doubtful.
41 M. sca'bra (Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 282.) Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as M. Africana,
var. /3, retusa.
Scabrous Myrsine. Shrub 3-6 feet.
42 M. hJETA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 112) leaves
ovate, obtuse, or lanceolate-elliptic, even on both sides ; flowers
fascicled, pedicellate, hardly longer than the petioles. ^ . S.
Native of the West Indies. Samara lae'ta, Lin. mant. 199. syst.
159. Swartz, prod. 151. Memfecylon umbellatum, Lin. fl.
zeyl. no. 469. Burm. ind. 87. fl. zeyl. 76. t. 31. Branches
purplish. Flowers numerous, yellow.
/o!//m/ Myrsine. Shrub 6-10 feet.
43 M. MYRTiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) Icaves elliptic, acute ;
flowers white. I^ . G. Native of South America. Samara
myrtifolia. Room, et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 220. This plant
is entirely unknown to Kunth, see Linnsea, 1830. p. 376. It
is perhaps the same as M. dejiendens, which is inarked Caballeria
myrtifolia in Deless. herb.
Myrtle-leaved Myrsine. Shriib or tree.
44 M. SALiGNA (Alph, D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
bluntish, narrowed at the base, clothed with rufous tomentum on
the middle nerve beneath, as well as the petioles and branches ;
flowers pentandrous. Tj . G. Native of South America.
Samara saligna, Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, mant. 3. p.
220. This species is also unknown to Kunth. see Linnsea. 1830,
p. 367. Flowers sometimes tetrandrous and hexandrous.
Willowy Myrsine. Shrub or tree.
Cult. The species of this genus grow well in any light rich
soil, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings, not too
ripe, root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass
placed over them : those of the tropical species require a little
heat.
VII. BA'DULA (a name used by Burman, in his Flora Zey-
lanica.) Juss. gen. 420, exclusive of the syn. Burm. zeyl. Alph.
D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 1 12. Barthesia, Comm. in herb. mus.
par. Anguillaria species. Lam. ill. Myrsine species, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. vol. 4.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 4. a.).
Corolla 5-cleft (f. 4. 6.). Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla ;
anthers almost sessile, acute, free, 2-celled (f. 4. d.); cells burst-
ing by a longitudinal chink. Style shorter than the stamens ;
stigma thick, capitate or obscurely-lobed (f. 4. c). Berry glo-
bose.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, dotted. In-
florescence like that of Ardisia, that is, the pedicels are ap-
proximate or umbellate at the extremities of the peduncles. The
species are all natives of the Mauritius or Bourbon.
1 B. wicra'ntiia (Al])h. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 112.)
peduncles velvety ; leaves broad-oblong, obtuse, glabrous ;
panicles terminal, pyramidal, many-flowered, longer than the
leaves ; flowers small, velvety ; alabastra globose. Ij . S.
Native of the Island of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Leaves 1 i-
to 2 inches long, dotted. Lobes of calyx small, acute ; those of
the corolla ovate, obtuse. Stigma obtuse.
SmaU-fowcred Badula. Shrub or tree.
2 B. Bartiie'sia (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 113.) leaves lanceo-
late, acutish, tapering a long way at the base, glabrous, thin,
dotted ; peduncles racemose, many-flowered, rather shorter
than the leaves ; calycine lobes obtuse, ciliated ; anthers acute;
stigma capitate, obscurely-lobed. I; . S. Native of the Mauri-
tius. Barthesia, Comm. in herb. mus. par. Badula, Juss. gen.
p. 240. Anguillaria Barthesia, Lam. ill. no. 2742. Myrsine
Barthesia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 507. Bark of branches
yellow. Leaves half a foot long, besprinkled with reddish dots.
Corolla white.
Barthesia Badula. Shrub or tree.
3 B. insula'ris (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate,
obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
alternate ; calyx 5-parted ; alabastra ovate ; stigma obtuse.
Tj . S. Native of the Isle of Bourbon or the Mauritius.
Branches rusty. Leaves 1-3 inches long. Lobes of calyx acute,
ciliated a little.
Island Badula. Shrub or tree.
MYRSINEACEiE. VII. Badula. VIII. Oncostemum. IX. Ardisia.
13
4 B. Siebe'rii (Alph. D. C. 1. c. t. 5.) leaves obovate,
obtuse, petiolate, full of pellucid
(lots, glabrous ; peduncles axil- FIG. 4.
lary, 4 times sliorter than the
leaves, 4-8-flowered ; alabastra
obtuse ; calycine lobes ovate,
acute, a little ciliated ; anthers
cuspidate. h . S. Native of
the Mauritius. Ardisia lati-
folia, Sieb. fl. maur. 11. p. 53,
but not of Roera. et Schultes.
Leaves 3-4 inches long, full of
pellucid dots, approximate at
the tops of the branches.
Peduncles velvety. Corolla
white, dotted ; lobes obtuse.
Stigma peltate, or somewhat 2-
lobed. (f. 4.)
Sieber's Badula. Shrub or
tree.
5 B. ovALiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 114.) glabrous; leaves
ovate, acute at both ends, membranous, full of black dots ; pe-
duncles 3 times shorter than the leaves ; alabastra ovoid, full of
dots; anthers nearly sessile; style short, obtuse. ^ . S. Na-
tive of the Mauritius. Leaves 3-6 inches long. Peduncles
dotted like the flowers. Calycine segments simple, acute.
Lobes of corolla ovate, acute.
Oval-leaved Badula. Shrub or tree.
6 B. cra'ssa (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; branches thick ;
leaves elliptic, or oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles shorter
than the leaves ; ])edicels alternate, short. Ij . S. Native of
the Isle of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Leaves 3-5 inches
long, full of pellucid dots. Lobes of calyx obtuse. Berry
globose.
T/HcA-branched Badula. Shrub or tree.
7 B. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acute
at both ends, nearly entire, dotted, glabrous ; peduncles velvety.
Stiff, rather longer than the leaves. I; . S. Native of Bourbon,
in the more elevated places. Branches rusty. Leaves 12-15
lines long, shining above, sometimes irregularly toothed on one
side, towards the apex. Calyx rather pilose : with acute lobes.
Berry globose. Stigma obtuse.
Narrow-leaved Badula. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20.
VIII. ONCOSTBMUM (from oyicoc, onkos, a mass; and
anifnov, sleiHon, a stamen ; the stamens are combined into an
egg-formed mass in the first species). Adr. Juss. ann. mus.
19. p. 136. t. 11. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 115.
Lin. syst. Penthidr'ia Moiwgynia. Calyx and corolla 5 cleft.
Stamens combined into an ovoid or cylindrical mass, which is
joined to the tube of the corolla at the base : or is 5-toothed at
the apex. Ovarium superior. Style simple. — Stigma funnel-
shaped, nearly entire, or denticidated, &c. Shrubs, natives of
Madagascar, with the habit of ^/ /(/win and Badula.
1 O. Commersonia'nlm (Andr. Juss. 1. c. t. 11.) leaves lanceo-
late or oblong-obovate, and bluntly acuminated ; peduncles and
pedicels quite glabrous; calyx 5-cleft ; stamens conferruminated
into an egg formed mass. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar.
Co7nnier son's Oncostemum. Shrub or tree.
2 O. Capeliera'num (Juss. 1. c. p. 137.) leaves lanceolate,
or oblong-obovate, and bluntly acuminated ; peduncles and
pedicels hairy, as well as the calyxes ; calyx 5-parted ; stamens
combined into a 5-toothed tube. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar.
Capelier's Oncostemum. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20, for culture and propagation.
IX. ARDI'SIA (from apcuc, ardis, a point, in reference to the
acute, spear-pointed anthers.) Swartz, prod. p. 48. Schreb.
gen. no. 1735. R. Br. prod. p. 533. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 268.
Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116. Anguillaria, Gsertn. fruct.
1. p. 372. t. 77. Schreb. gen. p. 823. no. 345. Bladhia, Thunb.
fl. jap. p. 7. Py'rgus, Lour. coch. p. 120.
Lin. syst. Pentdiidria, Monogyyiia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 5. a.)
Corolla 5-cleft (f. 5.6.); lobes imbricate in aestivation. Sta-
mens 5, with free filaments ; anthers free, rarely combined, equal
to the filaments in length, or longer, erect, triangular, acute or
acuminated, 2-celled ; cells dehiscing by a longitudinal chink.
Ovarium globose. Style filiform, permanent, longer than the
stamens. Stigma simple, subulate, or dot-formed. Ovula 5,
ex R. Br. or more. Berry globose. — Trees shrubs and sub-
shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite, or 3 in a
whorl, dotted. Flowers more or less panicled. Panicles some-
times many-flowered at the extremities of the branches, and
longer than the leaves ; sometimes few flowered, and in the
axils of the leaves ; pedicels rather umbellate at the tops of
the peduncles. Flowers larger than those of Mijrsine, always
hermaphrodite, white or rose-coloured, and often dotted.
Sect. I. Ardisi^e ve'r.je (this section contains the legitimate
species of the genus.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.
Anthers free, longer than the filaments. Style subulate, longer
than the stamens. Bracteas much shorter than the pedicels.
§ I. Leaves entire, glabrous.
1 A. acumina'ta (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1062) leaves oblong,
acuminated, attenuated at the base ; panicles terminal and axil-
lary, many-flowered ; lobes of calyx small, acute, dotted. I7 . S.
Native of Guiana, in cultivated fields. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1678.
Icacorea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. suppl. 1. t. 368. Corolla
nearly white.
Acmimated-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1803.
Shrub 6-8 feet.
2 A. tinifolia (Swartz, prod. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 468.)
leaves elliptic, nerved ; panicle terminal ; calycine segments
subulate. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. —
Sloane, jam. 2. p. 98. t. 105. Leaves dark green, 4 inches
long, and 2 broad. Corollas pale red, revolute.
Tinus-leaved Ardisia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20-30 ft.
3 A. LAUiuFuLiA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes
simple, axillary, and terminal. (7 . S. Native of the Antilles.
A. latifolia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 514. Anguillaria
laurifolia. Lam. ill. 2. p. 109. no. 2741. Very nearly allied to
A. coriacea, except in the shape of the leaves and the dis-
position of the flowers.
Laurel-leaved Ardisia. Tree.
4 A. macula'ta (Poiteau, in herb. D. C. ex Alph. D. C. in
Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous; pa-
nicle terminal, branched, many-flowered, pyramidal ; calycine
lobes oval, obtuse, large ; berry spotted. ?2 • ^- Native of
Hispaniola. A. Domingensis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 803. ? Leaves 2 to 2| inches long.
.S'po(/et/-berried Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
5 A. cestrifolia (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 212.)
branches rather angular ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate-oblong,
acuminated, cuneated at the base, quite entire, dotless ; panicles
axillary and terminal, sessile, crowded, glabrous ; flowers pedi-
cellate, racemose, 4-5-androus. h . S. Native of the Andes,
about Quindiu. Calycine segments ovate, bluntish. Segments
of the corolla oblong, acute.
Cestrum-lcaved Ardisia. Shrub.
6 A. Capollina (Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined. ex Alph.
14
MYRSINEACE^. IX. Ardisia.
D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both
ends, shining ; panicle terminal, compound, longer than the
leaves ; peduncles alternate ; pedicels vmibellate ; lobes of co-
rolla ovate, acute, reflexed, 4 times as long as the calyx, fj . S.
Native of Mexico, where it is called C'apolim. Bracteas cadu-
cous. Berry globose, wine-coloured. Flowers of a pale rose-
colour.
Capollhi Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
7 A. REvoLu^TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 246.)
glabrous ; leaves rather membranous, oblong, obtuse, cuneated
at the base and revolute ; panicles terminal, simple ; pedicels
fasciculate or umbellate ; lobes of calyx obtuse, full of glandular
dots ; berry nearly globose. h • S. Native of Mexico, on
the western declivities of the mountains near La Venta de
Moxonera, in oak woods ; and in woods near Jalapa. Leaves
same colour on both surfaces, fidl of glandular dots, 4^ inches
long. Flowers white. Berries dry, about the size of a pepper-
corn, wrinkled, gjandidar.
Revolute-leaved Ardisia. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
8 A. compre'ssa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 245.)
glabrous ; branches compressed ; leaves obovate-oblong, short-
acuminated, nearly quite entire ; panicles terminal, sub-race-
mose ; pedicels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx roundish-
ovate, obtuse ; lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse, revolute,
glandular. P; . S. Native of New Andalusia, in temperate
places, near the monastery of Caripe. Branches pendulous.
Leaves membranous, full of pellucid dots, palest beneath, 5-6
inches long. Corolla white. Berry dry, smooth.
Compressed-hranehed Ardisia. Tree 15 feet.
9 A. durifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 214.)
branches terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, and
somewhat retuse, running into the petioles at the base, revolute
on the edges, quite entire, beset with scaly dots beneatli, as well
as the panicles ; flowers racemose. J; • S* Native on the
Andes, about Quindiu. Flowers white. Calyx calyptrate be-
fore expansion, divided into 2-4 unequal segments. Corolla
pentapetalous ; petals oblong, revolute, valvate in estivation.
Hard-leaved Ardisia. Tree 20 feet.
10 A. micra'ntha (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 3. p. 246.) glabrous ;
leaves oblong, acute ; panicles terminal and lateral, simple,
crowded : with short branches; pedicels in umbellate fascicles;
lobes of calyx and corolla elliptic, obtuse. T^ • S. Native of
South America, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Te-
neriffe. Bumelia nncrantlia, Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 805. Branches brown, beset with linear purple dots.
Leaves and flowers full of glandular dots, 5-6 inches long. Co-
rolla small, white. Stigma truncate.
Small-Jloivered Ardisia. Tree.
11 A. Orinoce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 244) leaves
oblong, acute; panicles terminal and lateral, almost simple ; pedi-
cels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, with
diaphanous margins ; lobes of corolla ovate-roundish, obtuse,
reflexed. Pj . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco,
between the falls of Ature and the town of St. Borja. Branches
brownish. Leaves rather membranous, paler beneath, li inch
long. Corolla white, full of glandular dots. Very like A,
coriacea.
Orinoco Ardisia. Fl. May. Tree.
1 2 A. PROPiNQUA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 213.)
branches nearly terete, warted ; petioles and leaves glabrous ;
leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, quite entire, membra-
nous, full of glandular dots ; racemes terminal, solitary, always
simple, glabrous ; fruit pedicellate. 1; . S. Native of South
America, near the banks of the Orinoco.
Allied Ardisia. Siirub.
ISA. FERRUGiNEA (H. B. ct Kunth, 1. c. 3. p. 244.) branches,
petioles, and panicles clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves
oblong, acuminated, glabrous and shining above, and clothed
with fuscescent down beneath ; panicles terminal, almost simple;
pedicels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute.
^2 . S. Native along with the preceding. Leaves narrowed at
the base, membranous, full of glandular dots, 4^ inches long.
Berry glabrous. Habit of ^. crenata.
Rusty Ardisia. Shrub.
14 A. THYRsiFLORA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148.) leaves
lanceolate ; panicles thyrsoid, terminal ; segments of corolla
roundish-ovate, acute ; anthers almost sessile. ^ . S. Native
of Nipaul.
Thyrse-Jlowered Ardisia. CIt. 1824. Shrub.
15 A. purpu'rea (Blum, bijdr. p. 684.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle
terminal, pyramidal ; pedicels subumbellate ; calycine segments
rounded. h . S. Native of Java and Nusse-Kambanga, in
mountain woods, where it is called Kilampani.
Purple Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub.
16 A. mucrona'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 685.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, mucronately awned at the apex, quite
entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, short ; pedicels
umbellate; calycine segments rounded. Tj . S. Native of Java,
in the province of Krawang, near Tjiradjas, in mountain woods.
Mucronate-\ea\ed Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
17 A. sanguinole'nta (Blume, 1. c. but not of Wall.) leaves
oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, quite entire, coriaceous,
glabrous ; panicle terminal, divaricate ; pedicels umbellate ; ca-
lycine teeth acute. >2 • S- Native of Java, in shady places
on the Parang mountains. Nearly allied to A. speciosa, Bl. but
the flowers are much smaller.
Bloody-flowered Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
18 A. RoTHii (Alph. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 117.) leaves ob-
long, obtuse, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, quite entire ;
raceme terminal, pyramidal ; peduncles alternate, compressed,
umbelliferous ; stem arboreous. Ij . S. Native of the East
Lidies. A. pyramidalis. Roth. nov. spec. p. 123. exclusive of
the syn. of Cav. This species diflfers from A. pyramidalis, Cav.
in the leaves being quite entire.
Roth's Ardisia. Shrub 5 feet.
19 A. Py'rgus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 518. ex R. Br.
prod. 533.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, on
short petioles ; racemes ovate-oblong, terminal ; segments of
corolla lanceolate. Ij . G. Native of Cochin-china. Py'rgus
racemosa. Lour. coch. p. 121. A shrub with spreading branches.
Flowers reddish-white.
Tmver Ardisia. Shrub 5 feet.
20 A. lanceola'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 275. Wall. cat. no.
2292.) glabrous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, shining ; panicles ter-
minal and axillary, composed of a few simple racemes ; segments
of calyx ovate ; lobes of corolla ovate, pointed. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Pulo Penang. Leaves 6-9 inches long and 2-3 broad.
Style length of stamens.
ia«ceo/ft^-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
21 A. paniculata (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 270.) glabrous;
leaves cuneate-oblong, almost sessile, reflexed ; panicles ter-
minal, oval, composed of many alternate compound branches ;
segments of calyx and corolla ovate. Pj . S. Native of Chit-
tagong and Silhet, wliere it makes a conspicuous appearance, on
account of its large reflexed leaves, and very ample elegant
panicles of innumerable rose-coloured flowers. Ker. bot. reg.
638. Sims, bot. mag. 2364. Young shoots thick, green. Leaves
from 6-20 inches long, and from 3-5 inches broad, crowded at
theends of the branches. Berries red, smooth, size of a pea, juicy.
Pa?iic/f(/-flovvered Ardisia. Fl. year. Clt. 1818. Shrub 8 to
10 feet.
12
MYRSINEACE^E. IX. Ardisia.
15
22 A. a'nceps (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 280.) glabrous ;
branches climbing, 2-e<lged ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumin-
ated ; panicles terminal : with flattened, nearly smooth ramifica-
tions ; segments of calyx lanceolate, acute, of the corolla ovate,
acute, h . S. Native of Silhet. Branches pale grey. Leaves
5-10 inches long, coriaceous. Pedicels subumbellate. Flowers
small, pink, dotted.
7'H'0-f(/^rt'(/-branched Ardisia. Shrub cl.
23 A. complana'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 280. cat.
no. 2277.) branches terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumin-
ated glabrous ; panicles axillary and terminal : with villous, diva-
ricate, flexuous ramifications ; lobes of calyx triangular, acute,
ciliated, dotted. ^ . S. Native of Penang and about Chap-
pedong. A. polycarpa, Wall. cat. no. 2285. A rambling sub-
scandent shrub. Branches rather toraentose and rusty while
young. Leaves coriaceous, 6-8 inches long. Pedicels in um-
bellate fascicles. Flowers small, pink. Berries dark purple.
Very like A. anceps, but is readily distinguished by its terete
branches.
/^/ai/t'«c(/-peduncled Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
24 A. sca'ndens (Blum, bijdr. p. 680.) leaves oval, rounded
at the apex, acute at the base, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles
terminal, drooping ; pedicels racemose ; calycine teeth acute ;
stem climbing. \^ . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods,
where it is called Ojot Katjamhang and Kibaralalakkie.
Climbing Ardisia. Shrub cl.
25 A. Blumii (Alph. in D. C. Lin. trans. 17. p. 117.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, subrepand,
glabrous, finely dotted beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal,
short ; pedicels subumbellate ; calycine teeth roundish ; branch-
lets 2-edged. Jj . S. Nativeof the island of Nusae Kambanga,
where it is called Sikaltan. A. anceps, Blum, bijdr. p. 685.
but not of Wall.
Blume's Ardisia. Shrub cl.
26 A. floribu'nda (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 272. cat. no.
2263.) young shoots and tender leaves covered on both sides
with dense, scaly, purple, loose tomentum ; leaves crowded
towards the tops of the branches, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, very obscurely crenulated, coriaceous, shining
above and glaucous beneath ; panicles terminal, oval ; pedicels
umbellate ; calyx dotted : with ovate, acute lobes ; segments of
corolla ovate, acute. 1; . G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore,
and of Noakote. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Flowers small, red.
Bundle-flonered Ardisia. Shrub 10 feet.
27 A. MissioNis (Wall. cat. no. 6524. Alph. D. C. in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 117.) glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate; panicle
terminal, loose, length of leaves ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute.
Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves crowded at the ex-
tremity of the branches, 4-5 inches long. Peduncles axillary,
remotish, 3-6-flowered. Lobes of corolla lanceolate, acumin-
ated.
Mission Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
28 A. hu'milis (Vahl. symb. p. 40. Blum, bijdr. p. 087.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
glabrous, veined, shining ; umbels simple, axillary, pedunculate;
flowers drooping ; segments of calyx short and rounded, cilia-
ted ; lobes of corolla lanceolate, first recurved, then revolute.
l2 . S. Native of Coromandel, Nipaul, Bengal, Martaban, Cey-
lon, Sumatra, Java, Penang, &c. A. solonacea, Roxb. cor. 1.
p. 22. t. 27. Sims, bot. mag. 1677. Wall. cat. 2283. A.
littoralis, Andr. bot. rep. 630. A. doma. Wall. cat. no. 2283.
A. oler^cea. Wall. cat. 2283. G. A. umbellata, Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 273. Lodd. bot. cab. 531. Wall. cat. no. 2283. A.
nana, Wall. cat. no. 2283. L. Leaves deep green, 3-4 inches
long and about 2 broad. Peduncles solitary, bearing each a sim-
ple racemose umbel of many pretty, large, drooping, rose-coloured
flowers. Anthers united by their heads into a cone. Berry size
of a pea, shining, black, juicy. Blume says the racemes are
compound and divaricate, composed of umbels of flowers.
Var. jS ; leaves more acute, membranous, with rather pro-
minent nerves ; peduncles and pedicels elongated, few-flowered.
Pj . S. Native of the mountains of Silhet. A. solonacea. Wall,
cat. 2283. A. K.
Var. y ; flowers large ; bracteas more ample, fj . S. Native
of the Nelligherry mountains. A. grandiflora, Wall. cat. no. 2372.
Var. S ; leaves larger, shining on both surfaces. Ij . S. A.
Wightiana, Wall. cat. no. 2330.
Humble Ardisia. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1798. Shrub 4 to 8 ft.
29 A. lu^rida (Blum, bijdr. p. 687.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous;
panicles umbellately racemose, axillary ; calycine segments
rounded. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the western mountains,
and near Tjiradjas.
Lurid Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub.
30 A. neriifolia (Wall. cat. no. 2278. Alph. D. C. in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 118. t. 8.) leaves oblong, acuminated, on long
petioles, with the nerves rather distinct ; panicles loose, ter-
minal, and lateral, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedi-
cels rather velvety ; calycine segments small, acute, ciliated ;
lobes of corolla ovate, acuminated; style exserted ; anthers
cuspidate, almost sessile. Ij . S. Native of Silhet. Peduncles
sometimes elongated and cirrhose.
Var. /3, montana (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
long-acuminated ; pedicels shorter ; calycine segments broader ;
alabastra small, acuminated. Ij . S. A. neriifolia ? /?. Wall,
cat. no. 2278.
Nerium-leaved Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
31 A. ESCALLONioiDEs (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p.
393.) glabrous ; leaves cuneated-obovate, quite entire, paler
beneath, ending in a blunt acumen ; panicle terminal, formed
from dense-flowered erect racemes, pyramidal ; calycine seg-
ments elliptic, obtuse. Ij . G. Native of Mexico, in woods at
Papantla. Leaves 4 inches long, with the petioles. Flowers
white. Berries black.
Escallonia-like Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
32 A. dive'rgens (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 275. Wall. cat. no.
2269.) glabrous; branches diverging; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends, almost sessile ; peduncles rather vel-
vety, bearing a few small, alternate umbellets or corymbs. Ij . S.
Native of the Moluccas and Penang. A. punctata. Jack, ined.
ex Roxb. fl. ind. 1. c. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Corymbs ter-
minal, paniculate.
Z)i«erg-mg--branched Ardisia. Shrub.
'6S A. polyce'phala (Wall. cat. no. 2293.) glabrous ; leaves
oblong, acute, ample, unequally revolute on the margins beneath ;
peduncles numerous at the tops of the branches, compressed,
one half shorter than the leaves; flowers densely racemose;
calycine lobes obtuse; alabastra acute; style inclosed. H . S.
Native of the East Indies, on the banks of the river Atran.
Leaves 5-7 inches long, li and 2| inches broad, coriaceous.
Pedicels incurved, approximate at the tops of the peduncles.
Lobes of corolla acuminated. Berry black, striated.
Many-headed Ardisia. Shrub.
34 A. tubercula'ta (Wall. cat. no. 2274.) leaves ovate-
acuminated, coriaceous, dotted everywhere ; racemes axillary
and terminal, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves; pedimcles
rather compressed, glabrous ; calycine segments ovate-acute, a
little ciliated. Pj . S. Native of Singapore. Branches angu-
larly compressed at the apex. Leaves 2-4 inches long, nar-
rowed at the base, full of resinous dots. Pedicels umbellulate.
Flowers small.
Tubcrclcd Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
16
MYRSINEACE^. IX. Ardisia.
35 A. attenua'ta (Wall. cat. no. 2286.) glabrous ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, much dotted on the
edges ; peduncles axillary, elongated ; flowers racemose ; pedi-
cels and peduncles glabrous ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, a little
ciliated. ^ . S. Native of the Burman empire, about Tavoy.
Leaves 5-8 inches long. Pedicels thickened a little at the apex.
Berry smoothish.
Alfe7uiatcd-\eaveA Ardisia. Shrub.
36 A. ELLi'pTicA (Thunb. nov. gen. pt. 8. ups. 1795. ex
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 5 1 7.) glabrous ; branches angidar ;
leaves elhptic ; panicles lateral. ?2 . S. Native of Ceylon.
Leaves a hand long. Stem terete.
Elliplic-]ea.ved Ardisia. Tree.
37 A. oxyphy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 2291.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic, acute at both ends, much dotted on the margins ; pe-
duncles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
loosely umbellate ; calycine segments ovate, a little ciliated ;
lobes of corolla lanceolate ; style inclosed. Tj . S. Native of
Penang. Leaves 4-5 inches long, stiff, shining. Inflorescence
like that of A. hilmilis, but the flowers are smaller and less
numerous.
Skarp-leaved Ardisia. Shrub.
38 A. EUGENiyEFOLiA (Wall. Cat. no. 2276.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acute at the base, and acuminated at the apex : having
the nerves thick, and arciied near the margin ; peduncles axil-
lary, short, panicled, many-flowered, much shorter than the
leaves ; pedicels and calyx velvety ; segments of calyx a;id
corolla ovate-acute ; style exserted. Pj . S. Native of Silhet,
on the mountains. Leaves 3-G inches long, dotted.
Eugenia-leaved Ardisia. Shrub.
39 A. arbore'scens (Wall. cat. no. 2289.) glabrous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acute, coriaceous ; peduncles axillary, elon-
gated, stifl''; panicles loose, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
long; calycine lobes ovate, acute. Tj . S. Native of the Bur-
man empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Leaves 5-7 inches long.
Peduncles often compressed.
Arborescent Ardisia. Tree.
40 A. Amherstia'na (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 120.)
leaves oblong, acute ; peduncles terminal, and are, as well as the
pedicels downy ; flowers umbellate ; calycine segments ovate,
obtuse, ciliated, velvety on the back ; lobes of corolla ovate,
acute ; style inclosed. fj . S. Native of the province of Mar-
taban, near the town of Amherst. A. reflexa. Wall. cat. no.
2282. part. Branches silky at top and fulvous. Leaves 6-8
inches long. Flowers numerous.
Lady Amherst's Ardisia. Shrub.
41 A. pauciflora (Heyne, herb. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 279.
Wall. cat. no. 2270.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated ; petioles short ; peduncles lateral and
axillary, 2-3-flowered. ^ . 8. Native of the East Indies,
at Wynaad ? Young branches clothed with rusty dense scaly
tomentum. Leaves 4-5 inches long, tapering into a bluntish
sometimes retiise acumen. Flowers small.
Ferv-JJoniered Ardisia. Shrub.
42 A. TENUiFLORA (Blum. bijdr. p. 686.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, bluntish, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles divaricate,
axillary, and terminal ; pedicels racemose ; calycine teeth acute ;
stem scandent ; flowers very minute. Tj . ^. S. Native of
Java, in the provinces of Buitenzorg and Bamtam, in woods,
where it is called Kiljambang.
Far. (i; leaves rounded at the base. Jj . S. Native at the
foot of Mount Salak.
Fine-flowered Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub cl.
43 A. NUTANS (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 121.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, lined transversely, quite
entire, glabrous, dotted beneath, clothed with fuscous tomentum
while young, as well as the branchlets ; umbels simple, axillary,
and terminal, nutant ; segments of calyx acute. ^ . S. Native
of the island of Nusae Kambanga, in shady places on the banks
of rivulets. A. punctata, Blum. 1. c. p. 687. but not of Lindl.
Drooping-^ovi ere A Ardisia. Shrub.
44 A. MARGINA TA (Blum. bijdr. p. 688.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends, quite entire, glabrous, finely dotted
beneath, with parallel transverse stripes, and girded on the
margin by the approximation of veins and stripes ; umbels sub-
corymbose, axillary ; calycine teeth acute. H . S. Native of
Java, on Mount Biirangrang, in the higher woods.
l\Iarginate-\ea\eA Ardisia. Shrub.
45 A. l.eviga'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 690.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; ra-
cemes axillary and lateral, simple ; calycine segments acumin-
ated. \2 . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Gede.
Smonth Ardisia. Shrub.
46 A. obova'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 688.) leaves obovate, rounded
or obtuse at the top, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous, marked
with fine parallel stripes ; flowers subumbellately racemose, ax-
illary ; calycine segments rounded, fj . S. Native of the island
of Nusse Kambanga, on the sea shore, where it is called Lam-
panee.
Obovate-\ea.veA Ardisia. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub.
47 A. CYMOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 689.) leaves oblong, bluntish,
attenuated at the base, quite entire, transversely striated ; pe-
tioles, branchlets, and peduncles beset with rusty, leprous-
like dots ; cymes compound, axillary, and terminal, pedunculate:
pedicels umbellate ; teeth of calyx acute. Pj . S, Native of
Java, in the province of Bamtam, among bushes.
C'»/»«ose- flowered Ardisia. Fl. Aug. Shrub.
48 A. OBLONOA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 121.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, dotted ; peduncles nearly terminal,
much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate, few-flowered,
and are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous ; calycine lobes
ovate, obtuse, a little ciliated. Ij . S. Native about Tavoy. A.
attenuata. Wall. cat. no. 2286. part, see no. 35. Leaves 4-5
inches long. Pedicels often reflexed. Berry smoothish.
Oi/o!)n'-leaved Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
49 A. oxya'ntha (Wall. cat. no. 2275. Alph. D. C. I. c.)
leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, thin : flowers few,
axillary; peduncles 1 -flowered, filiform, about equal in length
to the petioles ; calycine segments lanceolate, a little ciliated ;
lobes of corolla elongated, long-acuminated, h . S. Native of
Silhet on the mountains. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Pedicels
rather velvety. This is an anomalous species.
Sharp-flowered Ardisia. Shrub.
§ 2. Leaves entire, pilose.
50 A. refle'xa (Wall. cat. no. 2282. Alph. D. C. in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 122.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous above and
downy beneath ; peduncles nearly terminal, reflexed, much
shorter than the leaves, downy ; pedicels umbellate, densely
pilose, as well as the calyxes ; calycine segments ovate, acute.
Pj . S. Native of the province of Martaban. Branches brown
and hispid at the top. Leaves 4-7 inches long ; petioles hispid.
/?e^ea:erf-peduncled Ardisia. Shrub.
51 A. GRANDiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) Icaves oblong, ample,
cuspidately acute, glabrous above and pilose beneath ; branches
and petioles hispid ; peduncles nearly terminal, puberulous, stiff,
much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate ; calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, acute, a little ciliated. ^ . S. Native about
Tavoy, in the Burman empire. A. raacrophylla. Wall. cat. no.
2290. but not of Blum. Leaves 5-9 inches long, and 3-4 broad,
having the central nerve hispid beneath, and the lateral ones
MYRSINEACE/E. IX. Ardisia,
17
pilose. Hairs on the branchlets and leaves silky and purplish.
Berries ovoid, glabrous.
Great- lea VI d Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
5^ A. macrophy'lla (Reinvvdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 691. but
not of Wail.) leaves rather large, oblong, acuminated, obtuse at
tlie base, quite entire, coriaceous, tonientose beneath, as well as
the umbels, which are subcorymbose and axillary, l^ . S. Na-
tive of Java, in the western provinces, on the mountains, where
it is called Lampanie- Badak .
Long-leaced Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
§ 3. Leaves glabrous, cremated, toothed or serrated.
53 A. SERRA^TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 233.) glabrous; leaves
lanceolate, serrated ; racemes terminal, compound, fj . S. Na-
tive of South America, near Santa Cruz. A. Cavanillesiana,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 515. Anguilltlria serrata, Cav.
icon. 6. p. 2. t. 503. Leaves 6 inches long. Panicle pyramidal.
Segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate.
Serrated-Xe&ved Ardisia. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
'54 A. pyramida'lis (Pers. 1. c. but not of Roth.) glabrous ;
leaves lanceolate-ovate ; racemes terminal, composed of umbel-
bearing compressed peduncles; segments of calyx ovate, acute,
ciliated ; corolline lobes lanceolate. I^ . S. Native near Santa
Cruz. Anguillaria pyramidalis, Cav. icon. 6. p. 1. t. 502.
Leaves nearly sessile, a little toothed, tapering into the petioles,
6 inches long. Panicles ample, pyramidal. Calyxes rufescent.
Corolla red. Drupe coriaceou?.
Pyraviidal Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 to
25 feet.
55 A. spEciosA (Blum, bijdr. p. 684.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated, rather attenuated at the base, obsoletely denticulated,
coriaceous, glabrous ; panicles terminal, divaricate ; pedicels
subumbellate ; calycine segments rounded. ^ . S. Native of
Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Kissamplak. Allied
to A. divartcata.
Shony Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
56 A. serrila'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 471.)
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, wrinkled, serrulated,
beset with rusty dots beneath ; panicles terminal ; pedicels um-
bellate ; segments of the corolla ciliated. Pj . S. Native of His-
paniola, on the banks of rivers. Plum. icon. t. 80. Branches
downy. Pedicels and calyxes coloured. Corollas deep red.
Berries blood red.
Jar. /), chrysophylla (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 515.)
panicle terminal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, golden
yellow beneath. fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Anguillaria
chrysophylla. Lam. ill. 2. p. 109. no. 2743. Flowers violaceous.
Berries red.
.Verru/o/ed-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh.
2 to 3 feet.
57 A. FULiGiNOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 692.) leaves oblong-acu-
minated, cuneated at the base, obsoletely denticulated at the
apex, glabrous in the adult state, but clothed with rusty tomen-
tum while young, as well as the branchlets ; umbels subracemose,
axillary ; calycine teeth acute. Tj . S. Native of Java, in
mountain woods. Allied to A. solanacea.
Fuliginous Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub.
58 A. glabra'ta (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated at both ends, with rather crenulated suljglandular mar-
gins, smooth on both surfaces ; umbels corymbose, terminal ;
calycine segments semi-lanceolate, obtuse, about equal to the
corolla in length. >j . S. Native of Java, in the province of
Bantam, where it is called Lampanie. Allied to the preceding.
Smooth Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
59 A. macroca'rpa (Wall, in Roxb. fl> ind. 2. p. 277.) gla-
VOL. iv.
brous ; leaves oblong, acute, tapering downwards, glandidarly
crenated, dotted ; racemes terminal, corymb-formed, almost
sessile ; segments of corolla ovate, obtuse ; berries lar^e.
Ij . S. Native of Nipaul, on inost of the hills about the great
valley. Branches greenish. Leaves approximate, coriaceous,
6-8 inches long, paler beneath, veinless. Racemes slightly
pubescent. Flowers flesh-coloured, dotted. Pedicels clavate.
Berry vermillion-coloured, as large as a gooseberry. This is
a beautiful shrub.
Large-fruited Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
60 A. membrana'cea (Wall. cat. no. 2288.) glabrous; leaves
approximate, oblong-lanceolate, aciuninated, tapering a long way
at the base, irregularly crenulated, membranous ; peduncles
axillary, 4 times shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short, approx-
imate ; alabastra obtuse ; calycine segments ovate, acute, about
equal in length to the lobes of the corolla ; style inclosed.
Tq . S. Native of Silhet, on the mountains. Branches thick,
filled with medulla. Leaves 4-5 inches long, dotted. Pedun-
cles often reflexed. Flowers small, in loose fascicles.
Membranous-leaveA Ardisia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
61 A. Wallichii (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 123.)
leaves obovate, acute, or obtuse, narrowed into the marginate
petioles, repandly crenulated ; peduncles axillary, one half shorter
than the leaves, and are, as well as the pedicels pilose ; flowers
in loose racemes; calycine segments ovate, acute, a little ciliated;
lobes of corolla ovate, acuminated ; anthers nearly sessile, blunt-
ish ; style inclosed. fj . S. Native of the Burman empire, on
the banks of the Irawaddy and the Atran. A. sanguinolenta.
Wall. cat. no. 2287. but not of Blum. A humble shrub : with
thick, hardly woody branches. Young branches and leaves full
of blood-coloured juice. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 2 broad,
thickish.
IVaUich's Ardisia. Shrub dwarf.
62 A. Japonica (Blum, bijdr. p. 690. Hornstedt, diss. nov.
pi. gen. pt. 1. p. 6-7. with a figure. Thunb. fl. jap. p. Q5. t.
IS. under Bladhia) glabrous ; leaves nearly opposite, or 3-5 in
a whorl, on short petioles, cuneate- oblong, acute, glabrous, ser-
rated; pedicels subumbellate, secund. drooping; calyx 5-toothed;
racemes simple, axillary. I^ . G. Native of Japan, on the
mountains among bushes. Sankits vulgo Jamma 'I'adsi banna,
Ktempf. amccn. 5. p. 775. Root creeping. Leaves a hand long.
Pedicels red. Corollas white.
Japan Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot.
63 A. gla'bra (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 123.) gla-
brous ; leaves nearly opposite, serrated, ovate-acuminated.
^ . G. Native of Japan. Bladhia glilbra, Thunb. fl. jap. p.
350. Lin. trans. 2. p. 331. Stem frutescent, articulated, simple.
Leaves approximate at the top of the stem, \\ inch long.
Berries red, size of small peas.
Glabrous Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot.
64 A. pu'mila (Blum, bijdr. p. 688.) stem sufFruticose, pro-
cumbent at base, rooting ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, acute, nar-
rowed into the petioles at the base, obsoletely crenulated, marked
with transverse stripes, glabrous ; flowers subumbellately race-
mose ; calyx 5-toothcd ; segments of corolla crenulate. Jj . S.
Native of Java, in shady places on Mount Salak.
Dwarf Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot.
65 A. cRispA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, with repandly crenulated
glandular edges ; cymes terminal, usually solitary, often com-
pound ; pedicels smooth, finely veined, umbellate, drooping ;
segments of calyx and corolla obtuse. Vi . G. Native of Pe-
nang, Singapore, Japan, and China. Bladhia crispa, Thunb, fl.
jap. p. 97. Banks, icon. Kampf t. 7. Ardisia elegans, Andr.
bot, rep. t. 263. A. crenita Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 276. Wall.
D
18
MYRSINEACE^. IX. Ardisia.
FIG. 5.
1%
cat. no. 2262. A. glandulosa,
Blum, bijdi-. 690. but not of
Roxb. Leaves bluntish. Ra-
cemes generally solitary, from
the extremities of the corymbi-
form lateral branchlets. Flowers
small, drooping, red. Berries
red, size of peas. (fig. 5.)
far. ft; corolla white, dotted
with red. >> . S. A. crenata,
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1950. A.
lentiginosa, Ker. bot. reg. t.
553.
Var. y ; corolla white, f; . S.
A. crenidata, Lodd. bot. cab.
Car/ed-leaved Ardisia. Fl.
July, Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
66 A. PENTAGONA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acu-
minated at both ends, obsoletely crenulated, glabrous ; umbels
simple, lateral ; calycine teeth acute ; fruit depressedly penta-
gonal. Ij . G. Native of China. A. quinquegona, Blum,
bijdr. 689.
Five-angled AxAxsia. Fl. year. Shrub.
67 A. puncta'ta (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 827.) glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, coriaceous, repandly crenated, tapering to the base ;
peduncles umbellate, terminal, and axillary ; umbels involu-
crated by deciduous bracteas ; segments of corolla 4-5, obovate,
obtuse ; flowers subcampanulate, secund. Tj . G. Native of
China. Flowers grey'sh white, beset witli dark dots : and the
pedicels with dark lines.
Dotted Ardisia. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 to 10
feet.
§ 4. Leaves pilose, crenated, toothed, or serrated.
68 A. crenula'ta (Vent, choix. t. 5.) leaves lanceolate-
ovate, tapering at both ends, repandly crenulated, pilose ; pani-
cles terminal ; pedicels umbellate. ^ . G. Native of Porto
Rico, Mexico between Tampico and Real del Monte, Antilles,
&c. A. lateriflora, Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 473.?
Anguillaria lateriflora, Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 687.? Ang. crenu-
lata, Poir. diet. 7. p. 689. Flowers of a reddish violet colour.
Berries black, size of currants. There are varieties of this with
more or less rcpand and hairy leaves.
Far. ft ; leaves coriaceous, without pellucid dots, very pilose
beneath.
Ccewu/a/ed-leaved Ardisia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1809. Sh.
3 to 6 feet.
69 A. Cuba'na (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 124.) leaves
ovate-oblong, bluntish, undulated, irlabrous above, rather pilose
beneath ; ))anicles terminal, branched, about equal witli the
leaves ; peduncles rusty ; calycine segments acute ; lobes of
corolla linear-lanceolate, spreading, velvety. tj . S. Native of
Cuba. Extreme branches and peduncles velvety. Leaves 2-3
inches long, obtuse or acutish ; hairs stellate. Flowers like those
of A. crenidata, from which species it hardly differs, unless in the
smaller, obtuse, less repand leaves.
Cuba Ardisia. Shrub.
70 A. melanosticta (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 8. p. 5'ZG.') leaves
elliptic or oblong-elliptic, tapering into the petioles at the base,
short-acuminated at the apex, glabrous above, but beset with
rusty down and black dots beneath, with erosely crenulated
membranous edges ; umbels crowded into axillary racemes,
which are shorter than the leaves ; corolla downy inside, at
length revolute, with a short tube and narrow segments, fj . G.
Native of Mexico, in woods, between San Salvador and Jalapa.
Flowers white. Anthers cordate at the base.
/?Zac/i-do/to/ Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
71 A. IcA RA (Wall. cat. no. 2264. Alph. D. C. Let. 7.
p. 125.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at the base, acute
at the apex, denticulated, rather pilose above, but glabrous and
paler beneath ; panicles branched, nearly terminal, about equal
to the leaves ; peduncles umbellate ; pedicels and flowers vel-
vety ; calycine segments subulate ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute.
h . S. Native of Bengal, about Bhatgong and Mateabo. Leaves
6 inches long. Hairs simple. Umbellets surrounded by whorls
of bracteoles.
Icara Ardisia. Shrub.
72 A. odontophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 2279. Alph. D. C.
1. c. t. 6.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, on long
petioles, sharply toothed, puberulous ; racemes axillary, much
shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short, alternate, and are, as
well as the peduncles, velvety ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, cili-
ated and downy ; corolla deeply parted : with ovate, acute lobes.
Fj . S. Native of Bengal, towards Silhet, and about Gualpara.
A. pavonina, Hamilt. herb. Branches ascending, filled with
medulla. Leaves 4-6 inches long.
Toothed-leaved Ardisia. Shrub.
73 A. MOLLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 689.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends, crenulated, dotted, rather villous be-
neath ; ixmbels axillary and terminal, simple ; calycine segments
semi-lanceolate, acute, about equal in length to the corolla.
Tj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bamtam, on the
mountains. Allied to A. glandulosa.
Soft Ardisia. Fl. Feb. Shrub.
74 A. Tavoya'na (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) extremities of branches
downy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
glabrous above, pilose and much dotted beneath, rather crenu-
lated, thin ; peduncles lateral, simple, velvety, rather shorter
than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate ; calycine segments linear-
lanceolate, acuminated, pilose outside. Ij . S. Native about
Tavoy, in the Burman empire. A. villosa. Wail. cat. no. 2280.
B. It differs from A. villosa, Roxb. in the leaves being larger
and pilose beneath, &c. Berries pilose.
Tavoy Ardisia. Shrub.
75 A. villosa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 274.) branchlets villous;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, villous beneath, crenulated ; um-
bels axillary and terminal, very villous ; calycine segments linear-
lanceolate, f; . S. Native of Penang and Singapore. Leaves
5-7 inches long, tapering to the base, copiously dotted. Berries
villous. Hairs simple, jointed. All the upper parts of the
plant are densely beset with hairs. Umbellets terminal, com-
pound.
Fillous Ardisia. Fl. Oct. Shrub.
76 A. pusiLLA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 126.) stem filiform, to-
mentose ; leaves opposite, ovate, acute, serrated, villous ; pe-
duncles few-flowered, tomentose ; flowers lateral. T? . G.
Native of Japan. Bladhia villosa, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 96. t. 19.
Least Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot.
77 A. vESTiTA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 274. cat. no.
2281.) branches densely villous and hairy; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, remotely and bluntly crenated, tapering at the base,
minutely and copiously dotted : and clothed with abundance of
long, soft, jointed hairs : umbels axillary and terminal, villous ;
segments of calyx linear-lanceolate, acute ; berries villous.
Tj . S. Native of Singapore. Leaves 5-7 inches long. All
the upper parts of the shrub are exceedingly thickly clothed
with soft hairs.
Clothed Ardisia. Shrub.
MYRSINEACE^. IX. Ardisia.
19
Sect. II. Hymena'ndua (from v/uriu, hymen, a membrane, and
avtjp ay^poc, aner andros, a male ; the antliers are membrane-
winged in the first species). A\\A\. D. C. in Lin. trans. 1 7. p. 126.
Anthers combined. Style abont equal in length to the stamens ;
stigma dot-formed. Bracteas much shorter than the pedicels.
78 A. hymena'ndra (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 2S2. cat.
no. 2266.) glabrous ; leaves obovate, acuminated, coarsely cre-
nated, tapering and entire downwards ; corymbs lateral, leafy
from large bracteas ; segments of corolla nearly linear, long ;
anthers combined, membrane-winged and tailed. y^, S. Na-
tive of Siihet, on the Juntyapoor mountains. Wall. pi. rar.
asiat. 1. t. 175. Branches marked with callous tubercles.
Leaves scattered, approximate, subverticillate by threes or fours,
6-10 inches long. Corymbs rising from the vestiges of the fallen
leaves, composed of approximate spreading umbels of large pink
Mowers. Peduncles flattened. Calycine segments lanceolate,
slightly ciliated.
Memhrane-anthercd Ardisia. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1828.
Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
7!) A. GLANDULOSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 276.) glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, having the margins coloured and glandular ; umbels
few-flowered, on long peduncles, globular, at and round the tops
of the branches ; corolline segments round and emarginate ;
anthers united. h . S. Native of Siihet, where it is called by
the natives Bun-nurukahe. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers
small, white, on short pedicels. Calyx rusty from dots.
Glandular-leaved Ardisia. Shrub.
Sect. III. Micranthe'ka (from fiikpog, micros, small, and
lit'dripa, anthera, an anther ; in allusion to the anthers being
much shorter than the filaments.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17.
p. 126. Filaments elongated ; anthers free, much shorter than
the filaments. Style subulate, not longer than the stamens.
§ 1. Style about equal in length to the stamens. Old anthers
horizontal, twisted.
80 A. coria'cea (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. I. p. 470.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong, bluntish, quite entire, coriaceous ;
panicle terminal, pyramidal, rather longer than the leaves ; caly-
cine lobes ovate, bluntish ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute, re-
flexed ; filaments almost combined, inserted in the top of the
tube of the corolla, rather longer than the anthers. f; . S.
Native of Guadaloupe and Hispaniola. Anguillaria coriacea,
Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 683. The flowers and inflorescence
agree with IVullenia. Corollas red, rather large.
C'oriflceo».s-leaved Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
81 A. Hamiltonii (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 126.)
leaves obovate, bluntish, coriaceous, veined beneath, and ob-
scurely so above, dotted on both surfaces ; panicles terminal,
rather crowded ; racemes undulated, jointed. Ij . S. Native
of St. Domingo. A. obovata, Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ p. 26.
but not of Blum. Desv. herb. ex. Hamilt. I.e. Perhaps distinct
from A. coriacea.
Hamilton s Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
82 A. exce'lsa (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 261. Chr. Smith, in
herb. D. C. et Deless. ex Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong,
bluntish, middle-sized, entire, glabrous ; peduncles axillary ;
pedicels umbellate, longer than the peduncles ; calycine seg-
ments acute, glabrous ; alabastra acute ; lobes of corolla lan-
ceolate, 3 times longer than the calyx; filaments subulate, twice
as long as the anthers. Jj . F. Native of Madeira, on the
mountains, where it is called Aderno tree. Heberdenia excelsa.
Banks. Anguillaria Bahamensis, Gtertn. fruct. 1. p. 373. t. 77.
f 1. ? My'rsine heberdenia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 508.
Icacorea Bahamensis, Lam. ill. t. 136. f. 1. Peduncles very
short, therefore it comes near to the gen\x?.Myrsine. Flowers red.
Tall Ardisia or Aderno-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1794.
Tree 20 to 40 feet.
§ 2. Style one half shorter than the stamens. Anthers erect.
83 A. Lhotskya (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 127.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong, entire, bluntish, dotted ; panicles ter-
minal and axillary, many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels umbellate; lobes of calyx acute ; corolla funnel-shaped,
with oblong lobes ; filaments length of corolla. Ij . S. Native
of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Leaves 2-3 inches long, full of
black dots. Lobes of corolla white, spotted with yellow.
Lhotsky's Ardisia. Tree.
84 A. RACEMOSA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 661.) leaves obovate-
oblong, subrevolute, coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, paral-
lelly nerved beneath, full of dots ; racemes axillary, straight.
H . S. Native of Brazil.
/?acemose-flowered Ardisia. Tree.
85 A. LEPiDOTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 247.)
branches clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves obovate-oblong,
acuminated, quite entire, glabrous, lepidotted beneath ; panicles
terminal, much branched ; flowers conglobate, almost sessile ;
segments of calyx ovate, acutish, full of glandular dots ; lobes
of corolla oblong, obtuse, reflexed ; filaments filiform, 4 times
longer than the anthers. P^ . S. Native of New Granada, be-
tween the mines of Santannaand the town of Mariquita. Branches
angular. Branches of panicle clothed with rusty tomentum.
Flowers small.
Lepidotted Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
Sect. IV. Tyrb/e'a (meaning unknown to us). Alph. D.
C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 127. Flowers loosely panicled ; pe-
duncles alternate. Bracteas large, caducous. Flowers alter-
nate, almost sessile, large.
86 A. bracteosa (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acutish,
entire, coriaceous ; bracteas ovate, acute ; lobes of calyx and
corolla ovate, acute ; anthers ovoid, horizontal, smaller than the
filaments ; style rather longer than the stamens. Pj . G. Na-
tive of Mexico. Tyrbae'a, Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined.
Branches fuscous. Leaves approximate, 3-4 inches long. Co-
rolla of a whitish rose-colour.
Bracteale Ardisia. Tree.
87 A. escule'nta (Pavon, in herb. Moricand. Alph. D. C.
1. c. p. 128.) leaves ovate-oblong, acutish, entire, coriaceous,
glabrous, dotted ; petioles margined ; panicles longer than the
leaves ; bracteas ovate, bluntish ; calycine lobes ovate, acute,
ciliated ; anthers triangular, acute, longer than the filaments ;
style subulate, inclosed. Ij . S. Native of South America.
Leaves 3-4 inches long, full of resinous black dots. Panicle
slightly velvety. Lobes of corolla obtuse, spotted. Hardly
distinct from the preceding species, nevertheless the stamens are
very different. Berries esculent.
Esculent Ardisia. Tree or shrub.
88 A. fce'tida (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 803.) leaves
oblong-obovate, acuminated, coriaceous, shining above, and
nearly veinless ; spikes panicled, terminal ; bracteas ovate, con-
cave, obvohite; calycine segments ovate; lobes of corolla revo-
lute ; anthers connivent. T^ . S. Native of South America.
Wood white and fetid. Flowers pale rose-coloured. Corolla
campanulately rotate. Style longer than the corolla.
Fetid-vi oodeA Ardisia. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
■\ Species not sufficiently knorvn.
89 A. Bahame'nsis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 128.)
fj . G. Native of the Bahamas. Heberdenia excelsa, Banks,
herb, ex Gsertn. AnguiUslria Bahamensis, Gartn. fruct. 1.
20
MYRSINEACEjE. IX. Ardisia. X. Embelia.
p. 372. t. 77. f. 1. leacorea Bahamensis, Lam. ill. t. 136. f. 1.
Perhaps the same as A. excelsa,
Bahama Ardisia. Tree.
90 A. linea'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 804. ex herb.
Willd ) leaves oblong-ovate, parallelly veined, glabrous ; panicle
terminal, divaricate. tj . S. Native of South America. Humb.
et Bonpl.
Ziweri-leaved Ardisia. Shrub.
91 A. divarica'ta (Roem. et Schultes, 1. e.) leaves lanceo-
late, tapering into the petioles ; flowers panicled ; branches of
panicle divaricate, h . S. Native ?
Dharicate-^av\\c\eA Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
92 A. ? PARviFOLiA (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate ; cymes trifid, axillary. 1^ . S. Native of Peru.
Humb. et Bonpl. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped, having the tube inflated at the apex, and the limb 5-
parted. Stamens inclosed. Style inclosed. Stigma ovate,
thickened. Drupe ovate, clammy, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded.
Small-leaved Ardisia. Shrub 6 feet.
9.1 A.? PARASITICA (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1.
p. 474.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, ovate, lined, sessile; ra-
cemes axillary, simple, fj • S. Native of Dominica, on the
trunks of trees, among the mountains. Anguillaria parasitica,
Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 687. Branches slender, brittle, tetrago-
nal. Leaves quite entire, paler beneath, with blackish veins.
Pedicels short, bracteate at the base. Calyx coloured : with
ovate, acute lobes. Corolla whitish purple, subrotate, dotted
inside. Filaments short; anthers ovate, emarglnate, diverging.
Style length of stamens. Stigma obtuse. Drupe globose,
dotted.
Parasilical Ardisia. Shrub par.
94 A. ? argu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 247.)
branches and under side of leaves covered with small, rusty
scales ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, sharply toothed ; panicles
lateral, much branched ; flowers pedicellate, rather racemose.
Ij . S. Native of the province of Popayan, on the burning
mount Puiace, near El Primer Pajonal. Leaves 5-6 inches
long. Panicle beset with rusty scales. Calyx 5-parted, having
the segments dotted with glands in the middle. Stamens 5-6,
opposite the lobes of the corolla. Filaments short ; anthers
oblong-lanceolate. Ovarium ovate-conical, glabrous. Style
filiform ; stigma obtuse. Perhaps a distinct genus, although it
has the habit and dotting of Ardisia.
Sharp-tooth leaved Ardisia. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
95 A. ovaVa (Thunb. nov. gen. pt. 8. ups. 1795. ex Roem.
et Schultes, syst. p. 517.) leaves ovate; stem compressed, fur-
rowed. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. Stem simple, a
span high, glabrous : bearing 2-3 petiolate, coriaceous, entire,
glabrous leaves, with reflexed margins, a hand long. Flowers
panicled.
Ovale-]enved Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. Almost all the species are handsome, and of easy
culture. Any light rich soil answers them well, or a mixture of
loam, peat, and sand. Cuttings, either of the branches or root,
strike freely in a pot of sand, in heat. When propagated by
pieces of the root, the pieces should be planted so as their
tops may be above the mould, and they siiould not, like cuttings
of the branches, be placed under a hand-glass, as they are very
apt to rot.
X. EMBE'LIA (the Ceylonese name of one species). Burm.
fl. ind. t. 23. Juss. gen p. 427. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 285.
Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 129.^Ribesioides, Lin. fl. zeyl.
no. 403.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla 5-parted; lobes rather valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5,
about equal to the lobes of the corolla in length. Anthers
ovoid, much shorter than the filaments, which are free, hori-
zontal at the time the flowers are open. Ovarium superior, 1-
ovulate (ex Wall.). Style shorter than the stamens; stigma
capitellate. Berry globose, 1 -seeded. — Usually climbing shrubs,
natives of Asia ; petioles sometimes denticulated. Racemes
axillary or terminal, simple or branched. Flowers small. Ala-
bastra obtuse. Peduncles and pedicels alternate, usually pilose
or velvety.
* Panicles or racemes terminal.
1. E. RiBES (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 285. Wall. cat. no. 2304.)
scandent ; tender shoots and peduncles hoary ; leaves oblong,
entire, glabrous ; panicles terminal, hoary. \ . ^. S. Native of
Silhet, Ceylon, Penang, Singapore, Golgipori, &c. Ribesioides,
Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 403. Riljes, Burm. prod. 62. t. 23. A large
climber. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers numerous, very
small, of a greenish yellow colour. Lobes of calyx concave.
Berries size of black pepper, succulent, black. The natives in
the vicinity of Silhet, where the plants grow abundantly, gather
the berries, and when dry sell them to the small traders in black
pepper, who fraudulently mi.N them with that spice, which they so
resemble as to render it almost impossible to distinguish them, by
sight, or by any other means, as they are withal somewhat spicy.
The vernacular name of the shrub is Baberung.
Currant Embelia. Shrub cl.
2 E. cane'scens (Jack, ex Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 292.
Wall. cat. no. 2311.) branches villous; leaves ovate-oblong, acu-
minated, retuse at the base, villous beneath ; petioles with
curled glandular margins ; panicle terminal, consisting of very
long hairy branches ; petals villous. Ij . v_, S. Native of
Penang, where it is called A ssum-Oalan, in the Malay language.
Leaves membranous, with revolute edges. Lobes of corolla
lanceolate. Flowers white. Very like E. rihes.
Canescenl Embelia. Shrub cl.
* * Racemes axillary.
3 E. FERRUGiNEA (Wall. Cat. no. 2310. Alph. D. C. 1. c.)
young branches and peduncles tomentose, rusty ; leaves ovate-
roundish, entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, and dotted with
rusty stellate hairs beneath. '? • ,^ S. Native of the Burman
Empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddy. Leaves 5 inches long,
velvety on the nerves above ; petioles pilose, not winged. Berry
blackish.
Rusty Embelia. Shrub cl.
4 E. viLLosA (Wall, in Roxb fl. ind. 2. p. 289. cat. no. 2313.)
climbing or rambling ; branches villous, and with numerous
callous dots ; leaves oval, or roundish-oval, short-acuminated,
acute at the base, villous beneath ; racemes simple, axillary,
fascicled, long, slender, and villous. ^2 • w S. Native about
Rajmahul and Tavoy. Leaves ciliated, 4-5 inches long, glabrous
above. Flowers small, whitish, very numerous. It comes very
near E. robiisia, but differs from it in hairiness, and in the long
fascicled slender racemes. There are varieties of this species with
broadly obovate-roundish, very pilose leaves ; or ovate-acute,
small, smoothish leaves.
Villous Embelia. Shrub cl.
5 E. picTA (Wall. cat. no. 2302.) branches and peduncles vel-
vety and rnsty; leaves oval, smoothish, remotely denticulated;
racemes axillary, simple, longer than the leaves ; calyx and co-
rolla velvety. '; • v^ S. Native of the East Indies, in Gonga-
chara and Goalpara. Samara picta, Hamilt. herb. Branches
pilose, and spotted with white. Leaves 3-5 inches long, and 2-3
broad, glabrous above, remotely marked with black dots be-
neath. Flowers as in E. villosa.
Pai7ited-hr&nched Embelia. Shrub cl.
MYRSINEACEiE. X. Embelia. XI. Choripetalum. XII. M^sa.
21
6 E. floribu'nda (Wall, in Roxb. fl. incl. 2. p. 291. cat. no.
2305. A.) climbing, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, finely-acuminated, with straight margins ; panicles
axillary, of many long slender racemes. Ij . ^_,. G. Native of
Nipaul, on Chundragiri, Sheopore, and at Thankote. A beautiful
climber. Branches scabrous from dots. Leaves 5-G inches
long, with entire revolute edges ; dark green above, and pale
underneath. Flowers fragrant, dense, yellowish green.
Far.l^ ; macrophijlla (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves longer. Ij . ^
S. Native of Siliiet. E. floribunda. Wall. cat. no. 2305. B.
Bundle -Jlonercd Embelia. Shrub cl.
7 E. VEsTiTA (Roxb. H. ind. '2. p. 288.) villous, scandent,
very much branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated, sub-
serrated ; racemes axillary. Tr^ . y_,. S. Native of Silhet. The
shrub is uncommonly well-furnished with branches and foliage.
The flowers are particularly small and delicate, collected into
little, oblong, subsessile, axillary racemes.
Clothed Embelia. Siirub cl.
8 E. nu'tans (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 290. cat. no. 2303.)
shrub nutant, at length pendulous, with very slender dense
branches ; leaves somewhat bifarious, approximate, lanceolate,
acuminated, smooth and shining, waved ; racemes numerous,
short, 2-3 together, in axillary fascicles. I^ • S. Native of
Silhet. Bark of branches dotted, while young downy. Leaves
rather coriaceous, entire, pale, and minutely dotted beneath.
Flowers small, white, verging to greenish, with a disagreeable
smell. This is a very elegant shrub ; its dense branches and
pendulous habit render it a desirable ornament in tropical
gardens.
Droojjing Embelia. Shrub 5-6 feet,
9 E. ROBu'sTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 287.) rambling; leaves,
smooth, from oblong to ovate ; racemes axillary and terminal,
solitary. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Rajmahul
hills. Young branches, and under surfaces of leaves downy,
the tender parts clothed with rust-coloured jointed and glandular
tomentum. The leaves and flowers are beset with dots, which
are elevated on the latter. Flowers greenish white. Calyx
villous.
Robust EmheVm. Clt. 1823. Shrub rambling.
10 E. PAKViFLORA (Wall. Cat. no. 2307. Alph. D. C. 1. c.)
leaves bifarious, small, spproximate, ovate, acute, obtuse at the
base, entire, glabrous, shining ; racemes axillary, shorter than
the leaves; flowers small, densely umbellulate ; peduncles velvety.
f^.S. Native of Silhet.
far. ji, major (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute at both
ends, larger, a little toothed. Ij . S.
Sviall-flowered Embelia. Shrub.
11 E. urophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 2309. Alph. D. C. 1. c.
131.) quite glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, entire, coriaceous, shining ; peduncles simple, elon-
gated, about equal in length to the leaves; pedicels very short.
I^ . S. Native of Singapore. Leaves 2-3 inches long, cuspi-
date. Flowers small.
Tail-leaved Embelia. Shrub.
■j- Doubtful species.
12 E. Tsje'riam-Cottam (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate or
elliptic, quite entire, thiekish, evergreen, paler beneath ; racemes
small, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of corolla roundish.
T; . S. Native of Malabar. Tsjeriam-Cottam, Rheed. mal. 5.
p. 21. t. 11. Basal, No. 2. Lam. diet. 1. p. 381. Ardisia ;
Tsjeriam-Cottam, Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 518, Racemes
solitary or twin. Flowers greenish-brown. Stigma globose.
Berry round, reddish, rather acid.
Tsjeriam-Cottam Embelia. Shrub or tree.
13 E.? Basa'al (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, quite
entire, aggregate, terminal ; racemes small, lateral, shorter than
the leaves ; segments of corolla acute. Ij . S. Native of
Malabar and Cochinchina. Ardisia? Basaal, Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 517. Basiial, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 23. t. 12. Lam. diet.
1. p. 381. Leaves glabrous, dark green. Flowers small,
numerous, white, sweet-scented. Berries small.
Basaal Embelia. Tree middle-sized.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. The
climbing species answer well for training up the rafters in stoves.
XT. CHORIPETALUM (from x^p'c, c/ioW«, separately; and
TTiToKoi', peialon, a petal ; the petals are separate, not joined
together as in other genera of the order.) Alph. D. C. in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 131. Myrsines diibia). Wall.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria Monogptia. Calyx 4-cleft, Corolla
4-petalled ; petals falling off separately. Stamens 4, opposite
the petals, and combined with them at the base. Anthers shorter
than the filaments. Style filiform, shorter than the petals.
Ovarium superior, perhaps sometimes abortive, therefore the
flowers are sometimes polygamous. Drupe globose, 1 -seeded.
— Woody plants, natives of Asia. Leaves alternate, entire, gla-
brous, ovate at the base, and narrowed a long way into the
petioles. Flowers racemose ; peduncles axillary ; bracteas per-
mr,nent, alternate, small ; the inflorescence is therefore that of
Embelia. This genus, having the corolla composed of separate
petals, verges towards Rliamncacece.
1 C. auranti'acum (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 131.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate ; peduncles spike-formed, simple, 3 times shorter than
the leaves ; petals lanceolate ; filaments longer than the petals.
Ij . S. Native of the Indian peninsida. Myrsine aurantiaca,
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 300. cat. no. 2299. Flowers yel-
lowish. A large rambling shrub.
Orange-like Choripetalum. Shrub rambling.
2 C. undula'tum (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 132.) branches full of
elevated callous protuberances ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute
at both ends, a little undulated, thin, full of pellucid dots ;
peduncles 3 times shorter than the leaves ; petals lanceolate,
acute, glandularly ciliated. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, on
Sheopore. Myrsine undulata. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 299.
A large climbing shrub. Flowers small, scentless, yellowish-
white.
Undulated-]ea.\ed Choripetalum. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20.
Tribe III.
Ma:'sE.s: (this tribe only contains the genus Mcesa) Alph. D. C.
in Lin. trans. 17. p. 132. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed, in-
duplicate in aestivation. Stamens 5, free, inserted in the base of
the corolla, inclosed. Anthers ovoid-cordate, equal in length to
the filaments. Ovarium adherent, half-inferior, many-ovulate.
Style short ; stigma 3-5 lobed. Seeds small, numerous, angular,
fixed to the central placenta Embryo transverse. — Shrubs or
trees, natives of Asia and Africa. Leaves alternate, sometimes
full of pellucid dots, variable on the same specimen. Racemes
usually axillary, simple, or branched, many-flowered ; flowers
alternate, on short pedicels ; bracteas 2, almost opposite, near
the base of the calyx.
XII. MjE'SA (maas, the Arabic name of one of the species.)
Forsk. desc. p. 66. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 133.
Baeobotrys, Forst. nov. gen. t. 1 1. Blum, bijdr. 864. Sibouratia,
Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. p. 12.
Lin. syst. Penthidria Monogijnia. Character the same as
that of the tribe. This genus joins the present order to Primu-
lacece, through Sanihlus.
MYRSINEACE^. XII. Mesa.
Panicles or racemes terminal.
1 M. paniculVta (Wall. cat. no. 2320. Alpli. D. C. in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 133.) quite glabrous; leaves broad elliptic, acute
at both ends, large, toothed ; racemes axillary and terminal,
elongated slender. f^ . S. Native about Tavoy, in the
Burman Empire. Leaves 6 inches long, and 3 broad, mem-
branous, shining, a little dotted. Flowers approximate. Stigma
3-lobed.
Panicled-Rowered Msesa. Shrub.
2 M. MuscosA (Blum, bijdr. p. 8G6. under Baeobotrys) leaves
ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, rather repand, glabrous on both
surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; panicles axillary, fastigiate.
h^ . G. Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains.
Mossy Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub.
S M. virga'ta (Blum, bijdr. SG4, under Baobotrys) leaves
ovate-oblong, much acuminated, glandularly denticulated above
the base, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets ;
racemes compound, twiggy, axillary. I^ . S. Native of Java,
in mountain woods.
Far. (3 ; leaves quite entire. Ij . S. On the top of Mount
Gede.
Twiggy MsEsa. Fl. year. Shrub.
4 M. LATiFOLiA (Blum, bijdr. p. 806, under Bteobotrys)
leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, glandularly denticu-
lated above the base, and are, as well as the branchlets, gla-
brous ; racemes axillary, simple. Ij . S. Native of Java, on
the top of Mount Gede.
Broad-leaved Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub.
* * Racemes usually lateral.
5 M. ovVta (Wall. cat. no. 2324. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 133.
t. 4.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rather cordate, entire,
shining on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, elongated, slender,
rather longer than the leaves. fj . S. Native of Penang.
Branches not dotted. Leaves 2-3 inches long, membranous.
Flowers not numerous. Hardly distinct from M. ramentacea.
Oi)ft(e-leaved Massa. Shrub.
(i M. RAMENTACEA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 231.) glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, entire, smooth ; panicles terminal, axil-
lary, and lateral, ramentaceous. Tj . S. Native of Silliet,
where it is called Mulmooriya; and of the Burman Empire,
about Rangoon, Moalmyne, and Tavoy. Baeobotrys lilcida,
Wall. cat. no. 2323. Leaves 2-6 inches long. Panicles nume-
rous, small, crowded with small abortive rusty ramentaceous
branchlets. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Berries small,
white, succulent. Stigma 2-3-lobed.
Ramentaceous Maesa. Shrub.
7 M. MissioNis (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 134.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, entire ; racemes shorter than the leaves.
f^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Baeobotrys ? missionis.
Wall. cat. no. 6523. Intermediate between M. ramentacea and
M. nemoralis. Leaves 1-3 inches long, acutish at the base, a
little toothed.
Mission Msesa. Shrub.
8 M. nemora'lis (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-
oblong, repandly tooihed ; racemes axillary, short and crowded.
Ij . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Mulmooriya.
Baeobotrys nemoralis, Forst. nov. gen. p. 22. Vahl. symb. p.
19?. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 232. Mart, choix. de pi. mun. p. 6.
t. 6. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Racemes twice the length of the
petioles. Flowers small, white. Stigma 3-lobed.
Grove Maisa. Fl. March, May. "CIt. 1830. Shrub.
9 M. Buj'mii ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, glandularly serrulated from the middle to the apex, and
are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; racemes axillary, simple
12
and compound, shorter than the leaves, f; . S. Native of Java,
in mountain woods, where it is called Kipiit hurriet. Bseobotrys
lanceolata, Blum, bijdr. 865.
Var. a ; leaves oval, acutish at both ends. Jj . S. Native of
Java, in the province of Cheribon, and among bushes at Tjiradjas.
Var. ft ; leaves rounded at the base ; racemes compound.
T^ . S. Java, in woods on Mount Salak.
Blume's Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub.
10 M. rNDicA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves from
ovate to lanceolate, coarsely serrated ; racemes axillary and ter-
minal: tlie terminal ones most generally compound. f^ • Gr.
Native of Chittagong and Nipaul. Hook, bot. mag. 2052.
Baeobotrys I'ndica, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 230. Bseob. lanceolata,
Vahl. symb. 1. p. 19. t. 6. Mas'sa Chisea, D. Don. prod. fl.
nep. p. Ii8 ?. Mse'sa Forsk. fl. segypt. arab. p. 22. t. 11.
Leaves 3-6 inches long, pretty smooth. Racemes usually
aggregate. Flowers numerous, pure white. Stigma lobed.
The berries, which are white, are eaten by the Parbuteeyas, or
hill people of Nipaul.
Indian Uxs,a. Fl. Nov. CIt. 1817. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
11 M. lanceola'ta; glabrous; leaves lanceolate, quite entire,
acuminated ; racemes twin, many-flowered. Pj . G. Native of
Nipaul. Bseobotrys lanceolata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148.
Leaves 3 inches long. Racemes sometimes by threes, or trifid
or bifid from the base.
LanceolateAeaveA Msesa. Slirub.
12 M. dubia (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 235.) almost
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated ; panicles
axillary, racemose, equal in length to the leaves. F; . S. Native
of the East Indies, at Wynaad and Coorg. Branches hardly
pubescent, dotted. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Panicles composed
of long slender racemes. Flowers very small.
Doubtful Maesa. Shrub.
13 M'. arge'ntea (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 233.) young
branches villous, old ones downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
sharply toothed, downy, of a silvery white colour beneath ;
racemes axillary, short, t; . G. Native of Nipaul, on Chundra-
giri. Branches subscandent. Leaves 6-8 inches long. Racemes
downy : having a few alternate branches at the base, giving it
the appearance of being fascicled. Flowers dense, white,
noddinij. Berries smooth white.
Silvery 'Msesa.. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Shrub 5 to 6
feet.
14 M. macropiiy'lla (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 234. cat.
no. 2325,) arboreous, densely villous ; leaves ovate, subcordate,
very soft, obtuse or acute, strongly toothed ; panicles axillary
and terminid. ^i . G. Native of Nipaul, at Hetounra, and on
Chundragiri, Naokote, foot of Sheopore, and on hills called
Chiriaghaut. Bseobotrys tomentosa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
148.? Young branches ferruginous. Leaves 6 to 12 inches
long. Flowers white, smaller than those of the preceding, as
also the berries.
Long-leaved Maesa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1818. Tree 10
feet.
15 M. MOLLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 865, under Bceobotrys,) leaves
elliptic, oblong, acute, almost entire, soft beneath, as well as the
branchlets; racemes axillary, simple. fj . S. Native of Java,
on the mountains.
Soft Maisa. Fl. year. Shrub.
16 M. mollIssima (Blum, bijdr. p. 866, under Bceobotrys)
leaves oblong, acute, almost quite entire, clothed with silky down
above, but very soft beneath, as well as the branchlets ; racemes
compound, axillary. Jj.S. Native of Java, on the mountains.
I ery soft Maesa. Fl. year. Shrub.
Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20, for culture and propagation.
MYRSINEACE^. XIII. Corynocarpus.
23
XIII. CORYNOCA'RPUS (from icopvyr,,coryne, a duh; and
vapjroc, /iarpos, a fruit, in reference to the shape of the fruit.)
Forster, gen. t. 16. Sclireb. gen. y91-. Juss. 2S8.
Lin. syst. Penti'indria Monngynici- Calyx of 5 concave se-
pals. Corolla of 5 roundish petals, narrowed at the base: alter-
nating with as many petal-formed scales, which are furnished
each with a gland inside at the base. Stamens 5, rising from
the claws of the petals, subulate ; anthers oblong ; style one,
short ; stigma obtuse. Drupe terbinately clavate, containing a
single 1 -seeded nut. — A shrub, with alternate, stalked, obovate,
wedge-shaped, sub-emarginate, quite entire, glabrous leaves ;
and terminal, large, sessile panicles of white flowers.
1 C. l.eviga'ta (Forst. 1. c. Lin. syst. 24-2.) Fj . G. Native
of New Zealand.
Smooth Corynocarpus. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Tree. 20 feet.
Cull- For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20.
•j- Shrubs belonging to the Myrsineacece, but doubtful to which of
the genera they appertain.
* Natives of Asia.
1 Embe'lia? lucida (Wall. cat. no. 2315. Alph. D. C. 1. c.
p. 131.) branches grey; leaves oval, alternate, 2-4 inches long,
acute at both ends, coriaceous, entire, with revolute hardly dotted
edges, having the lateral nerves arched near the margin ; pedun-
cles spike-formed, axillary, solitary or twin, 4 times shorter
than the leaves, velvety: covered with ovate-acute, imbricating
bracteas their whole length ; ovarium sessile, ovoid, in the axils
of the bracteas, terminated by a 2-5 lobed stigma, h . S.
Native of Singapore. From the ovarium, stigma, and bracteas
about the base of the peduncles, it agrees with Myrsine ; but
from the flowers being alternate on secund peduncles, it agrees
with Embelia.
Shining Embelia. Shrub.
2 Embe'lia? coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 2.314. Alph. D. C.
1. c.) branches blackish, striated ; leaves lanceolate, acute, half
a foot long, entire, glabrous, coriaceous, glaucescent beneath,
having the lateral nerves hardly evident, besprinkled with small
dots on both surfaces ; panicle terminal, elongated, loose, length
of leaves; peduncles and pedicels pilose; calyx glabrous; berries
round, dotted, glabrous ; style shorter than the berry ; stigma
capitate. Ij . S. Native of Penang. Leaves and inflorescence
those of Ardisia, but the stigma is capitellate.
Coriaccous-XeaveA Embelia. Shrub.
3 Myksine? umbeila'ta (Wall. cat. no. 2312. Alph. D. C.
1. c. p. 135.) branches glabrous ; leaves 2-3 inches long, oblong,
obtuse, glabrous, a little denticulated, with revolute margins,
thickish. slightly dotted ; flowers axillary, on a common short
peduncle: covered by ovate, acute, concave, rather ciliated, short
bracteas ; pedicels umbellate, filiform, 4-6 in number ; calyx 5-
partcd. It . S. Native of Singapore. Inflorescence that of
Myrsine.
Umbellulale-fio'wereA Myrsine. Shrub.
4 ArdIsia? spicVta (Wall. cat. no. 2273. Alph. D. C. 1. c.)
glabrous ; leaves on long petioles : petioles 3 inches long, dilated
and marginated, sheathing at the base for the space of one inch :
limb ovate, acute at both ends, 3-4 inches long, ]i to 2i inches
broad, repandly crenulated, coriaceous, full of pellucid dots,
having the nervation very singular for the order : the lateral
nerves are numerous, parallel, and very distinct, even to near the
margin, with smaller, hardly perspicuous, transverse nerves;
peduncles axillary, 1-3 inches long, and are, as well as the
pedicels and flowers, rather downy : bearing lateral, many-
flowered, or 1 -flowered, alternate branchlets ; pedicels usually
umbellate at the tops of the branchlets, 2 lines long; bracteas
subulate, caducous ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, with slender, subulate,
erectly incurved lobes ; corolla and stamens unknown ; ovarium
superior, ovoid, terminated by the filiform style, which is the
length of the calyx; berries globose, thick, 1 -seeded, as in
Ardisia. V^ . S. Native of Singapore. The inflorescence is
that of Choripelalum, The petioles, being dilated at the base,
are very like those of Alisma, and it will therefore form a new
genus.
6^)!ca<e-flowered Ardisia. Shrub or tree.
5 Ardisia denticula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 691.) leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends, bluntish at the apex, denticulated at
top, glabrous; umbels sub-corymbose, rarely solitary, terminal
or axillary ; calycine segments obtuse ; flowers for the most
part tetrandrous. 1^ • S. Native of Java, on the Seribu moun-
tains, and about Rompien.
Denliculated-\ea.\eA Ardisia. Fl. March. Shrub.
6. M^'sa tetra'ndra (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 233.) leaves alter-
nate, oblong, entire ; racemes axillary ; flowers tetrandrous.
h . S. Nativeof the Moluccas.
Tetrandrous Maesa. Shrub.
* * Natives of Africa, and probably belonging to the genus
Bddula.
7 ArdIsia microthy'lla (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 804,
ex Pet. Th. in. herb. Willd.) leaves obovate, acutish, quite
entire; peduncles axillary, 1-flovvered. I7 . S. Native of
Madagascar.
Small-leaved Ardisia. Shrub.
8 Ardisia floribu'nda (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c.) panicles
axillary, divaricate ; leaves elliptic-obovate, quite entire, f; . S.
Native of Madagascar.
Bundle-flowered Ardisia. Shrub.
9 Ardisia pyrifolia (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c.) peduncles
racemose, terminal ; leaves obovate, coriaceous, quite entire.
Ij . S. Native of Madagascar.
Pear-leaved Ardisia. Shrub.
10 Ardisia erythroxyloides (Rcem. et Schultes, I. c.)
flowers lateral, subspicatc at the tops of the branches ; leaves
lanceolate-obovate, coriaceous. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar.
Erythroxylon-like Ardisia. Shrub.
* • * Natives of America.
11 My'rsine? spica'ta (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
250.) leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, quite entire,
glabrous, glaucous, pruinose and shining above ; spikes axillary,
about equal in length to the petioles ; flowers sessile ; corollas
4-5-parted. I7 . S. Native of the province of New Guiana,
in inundated places on the banks of the river Atabapo. Leaves
coriaceous, '6-S\ inches long. Segments of calyx ovate-acute,
full of glandular dots. Corolla yellowish, with bluntish revolute
segments, full of glandular dots. Stamens, with very short gla-
brous filaments : and erect, lanceolate, and tetragonal anthers,
which dehisce lengthwise inside. Style filiform ; stigma sini])le.
Ovarium ovate, glabrous. Perhaps a species of Weigeltia; but,
nevertheless, it differs in the form and size of the anthers. In-
florescence not that of Myrsine.
Spicate-fiovicxeA Myrsine. Shrub 8 to 12 feet.
12 Ardisia Brazilie'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. CG2.) leaves
lanceolate-oblong, tapering to both ends, membranous, entire ;
panicles lateral ; peduncles umbelliferous. \j . S. Native of
Brazil.
Brazilian Ardisia. Shrub.
* * * * Native country doubtful.
13 Ardisia multiflora (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 804.
ex herb. Willd.) flowers racemose ; leaves oblong, attenuated
24
THEOPHRASTEiE. I. Jacquinia.
at both ends, with slender parallel veins. Ij . S. Native coun-
try unknown.
Muny-Jlorvered Ardisia. Shrub.
f f Plants referred to the order Myrsineacece, which ought to be
excluded.
1 Ardisia turbace'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 243.) From the description given of the fruit and seeds, in
tiie above work, this plant belongs to the order Sapbtece.
2 B.e6botrvs acumina'ta (Wall. cat. no. 2321.) From the
corolla being polypetalous, and the stamens alternating with the
petals, it probably belongs to the order Rhamneacece, but certainly
not to Myrsineacece.
3 Embe'lia? ramosa (Wall. cat. no. 6522.) leaves without
dots. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, inserted in the lobes of the
perigone, and opposite them. Stigma discoid, toothed. Probably
belonging to the order Urticece.
4 Ardisia acerosa (Gaertn.) is Cyathodes acerosa, R. Br.
5 J^GicERAs MINUS (Gaertn.) is Connaris santaloides, Vahl. ex
Kcenig.
6 My'rsine? the;Ef6lia (Wall. cat. no. 6391.) does not be-
long to the order, as the stamens alternate with the lobes of the
corolla.
•f- f f Genera referred to Myrsinece.
1 OriLiA (Ro.xb.) is very like Groutia, Perrot. et Guill. fl.
seneg. 1. p. 100. t. 22, which belongs to the order Olacinea,
according to the authors.
2 Sama'ra (Lin. but not of Swartz) the Cornus Zeylanica,
Burm. zeyl. t. 76, belongs to the order Rhdnmece.
Order CXLIV. THEOPHRA'STE^ (so called from the
plants of the order agreeing with Theophnista in important cha-
racters.) Bartl. D. Don, mss. — Myrsinese part of authors.
Calyx 5-parted, imbricate, sessile, permanent. Corolla mono-
petalous, 5-lobed ; the lobes imbricate in aestivation, and having
squamaeform appendages alternating with them. Stamens 5,
opposite the lobes of the corolla ; anthers turned outwardly, bilo-
cular ; the cells parallel, opening lengthwise ; pollen farinaceous.
Ovarium free, superior 1 -celled; the ovula erect, usually indefinite,
inserted into a central placenta. Stigma simple, undivided.
Berry crustaceous, 1-celled, valveless ; 1 or many-seeded; filled
by the fleshy placenta. Seeds with a hollow umbilicus ; the
testa simple, thin, and cartilaginous. Albumen copious, horny.
Embryo erect, with foliaceous cotyledons : and a cylindrical
radicle, which is opposite the hylum. — Non-lactescent, small,
evergreen trees or shrubs, natives of equinoxial America ; with
usually simple stems, bearing leaves at their tops. Leaves alter-
nate, callous, and often toothed on the edges, reticulately veined ;
the primary veins transverse ; petioles callous at the base.
Flowers terminal or lateral, racemose.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Jacquinia. Corolla campanulate ; the appendages distinct
and petaioid. Stamens free. Berry 1 -seeded. — Leaves entire,
with inconspicuous veins.
2 Clavija. Corolla salver-shaped ; the appendages fleshy
and adnate. Stamens monadelphous. Berry 2 or many-seeded.
— Leaves veiny ; the margin entire or toothed.
3 Theopiira'sta. Corolla campanulate ; the appendages
combined into an angularly-lobed, fleshy, arched ring. Stamens
free. Berry many-seeded. — Leaves toothed, veiny.
4 Oncinus. Corolla funnel-shaped, fleshy ; segments all
hooked ; the appendages combined into a 5-cleft ring. Stamens
free. Berry many seeded. — Leaves entire, opposite.
5 Leonia. Corolla rotately sub-cam^>anulate ; the appen-
dages combined with the filaments into a cup-shaped tube.
Berry many-seeded, seeds fixed to parietal placentas — .Leaves
entire.
I. JACQUI'NIA (so named by Linnaeus, in honour of Nicholas
Joseph de Jacquin, Professor of Botany at Vienna, born at
Leyden in 1727, author of many splendid works). Lin. gen.
no. 254. Jacq. amer. 23. Juss. gen. 151. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 250.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Segments of calyx
obtuse. Corolla campanulate ; segments of corolla are, as well
as the distinct appendages in the throat, obtuse. Stamens
5, inserted in the base of the tube of the corolla ; anthers
ovate. Ovarium containing many ovula. Style short ; stigma
obtuse. Berry globose, 1-6-seeded. — Branched shrubs and
small trees. Leaves scattered, obtuse, or verticillate, quite
entire, crowded at the tops of the branches, with revolute
edges. Flowers terminal, racemose, or solitary.
1 J. arborea (Vahl, eclog. p. 26. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 250.) leaves opposite, or almost 4 in a whorl, obo-
vate-obiong, obtuse, unarmed, glabrous ; flowers racemose.
fj . S. Native of the S[)anish Main, about Cumana ; and the
island of Montserrat. At Cumana it is called Barbasco.
Branches somewhat dichotomous, the lower ones 4 together.
Leaves about 1^ inch long, and 6-7 lines broad. Corolla white.
Calycine segments ciliated. Lobes of crown or a])pendages
scale-formed. Berries red, 1 -seeded.
Tree Jacquinia. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1829. Tree 20 feet.
2 J. armilla'ris (Jacq. amer. 53. t. 39. pict. t. 3G. Lin.
spec. 272.) leaves wedge-shaped, obtuse, unarmed, alternate;
flowers racemose. Ij . S. Native of Soutii America, and the
West Indies, on calcareous rocks by the coast; Jamaica, Cu-
ra^oa, Martinico, Carthagena, &c. — Loefl. itin. 244. t. 277. —
Sloan, jam. 2. p. 89. t. 190. f. 2. Branches nodose at the rami-
fications, 4-5 in a whorl. Leaves oblong-obovate, sometimes
emarginate, but always with a little stiff mucrone. Flowers small,
white, with the scent of jasmine. Berry of a reddish orange
colour, cont:iining 4 seeds, or thereabouts.
ZJrace/ei Jacquinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
3 J. Caraca'sana (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 251.)
leaves scattered, lanceolate-oblong, glabrous, terminating in a
spiny point, fj . S. Native on the Caraccas shore, between the
port of La Gnayra and Cabo Blanco, in dry places. Leaves
cuneated at the base, \\ inch long, and 5 lines broad. Berry
edible, 4-6 seeded. Seeds imbedded in sweet fleshy pulp.
CVnocco.s Jacquinia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
4 J. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth. I.e. t. 244.) leaves scattered ;
upper ones sub-verticillate, obovate-oblong, rounded at the
apex, and terminating in a spine, downy beneath; flowers race-
mose. J^ . S. Native of South America, in the province of
Bracamoros, on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tome-
penda. J. niucronata, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 802. Branches sub-verticillate. Leaves 18-20 lines long,
and 7-8 lines broad. F'lowers probably white. This species
differs from J. macrucarpa, Cav. in the leaves being obovate-
oblong, and downy beneath.
/)o?i'n(/-leaved Jacquinia. Shrub 4-5 feet.
THEOPHRASTE^. I. Jacquinia. II. Clavija.
25
5 J. Berte'rii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 608.) leaves scattered, siib-
spatulate, aeutish, coriaceous, quite jrlabrous ; corymbs terminal,
few-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Hispaniola.
Berlero's Jacquinia. Shrub.
6 J. macroca'rpa (Cav. icon. 5. p. 55. t. 483.) leaves lanceo-
late or lanceolate-obovate, inucronate, glabrous ; flowers race-
mose. I; . S. Native of Mexico, by the sea sliore, not far
from Panama, Acapulco, &c. Bark violaceous. Leaves 2-3
inches long. Flowers orange-coloured. IJerry orange-coloured,
cherry-shaped.
Long-fruited Jacquinia. Fl. May, Sept.
C to s'feet.
Clt. 1825. Shrub
FIG. G.
Native of South
Medeola aculekta,
f. 119. Branches
Leaves 5-8 in a whorl, an inch long. Flowers
Fl. ? Clt. 1729. Shrub 2 to
7 J. AURANTi^cA (Ait. hort.
kew. 2d ed. vol. 2. p. 6.) leaves
obovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
ending in a pungent point, gla-
brous ; flowers racemose. J? .
S. Native of the Sandwich
Islands. Sims, bot. mag.
IG39. Branches sub-verticil-
late. Flowers orange-coloured,
(f. 6.)
Orange - coloured flowered
Jacquinia. Fl. April, Sept.
Clt. 179f;. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
S J. RUsciFOHA (Jacq. amer.
54. ed. pict. t. 57.) leaves lan-
ceolate, verticillate, glabrous,
ending in a spiny taper point;
peduncles 1 -flowered, drooping. Ij . S.
America, and of Cuba, in mountain-woods.
Lin. spec. 339.— Dill. elth. p. 148. t. 123
dichotomou
white.
Ruscus-leaved Jacquinia.
3 feet.
9 J. ferrugInea (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 668.) leaves alternate,
linear, straight, cuspidate, rather coriaceous, rusty beneath,
veiny ; peduncles sub-racemose, axillary, few-flowered. Tj . S.
Native of Hispaniola.
RustijAeaveA Jacquinia. Shrub.
10 J. linea'ris (Jacq. amer. 54. t. 40. f 1. ed. pict. t. 58.)
leaves linear, acuminated, pungent, whitish beneath, usually
twisted, with revolute edges ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, pen-
dulous. I; . S. Native of St. Domingo, on the sea-shore ;
and of the Cayman islands, on the shore, within reach of the tide,
where we have seen it in great profusion. Habit of Andromeda
pol'ifolia. Flowers red. Segments of corolla reflexed.
Z/near-leaved Jacquinia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub
1 foot.
11 J. ? VENOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 47.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
veiny, rather membranous. T2 • S. Native of the West
Indies. Swartz has omitted this plant in Flora Indiae Occiden-
talis. It is probably the Pychotria megalasperma, Vahl. and not
a species of the present genus.
Veiny Jacquinia. Shrub.
Call. Jacquinia is a genus of very pretty shrubs, when in
blossom, and are, therefore, very desirable in every collection of
stove plants. A mixture of sand and peat is a good soil for
them; and if they were watered occasionally with salted water,
they would probably grow and flower more freely. Cuttings
will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
II. CLAVrJA (named by Ruiz and Pavon, after J. Clavijo
Faxardo, a Spanish naturalist) Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 1. p.
VOL. IV.
284. gen. t. 30. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. jan. 1831. —
Theophrasta species of authors.
Lin. syst. Monadeiphia, Pentdndria. Segments of calyx
nearly orbicular, concave, finely and erosely serrulated. Corolla
rotate ; segments fleshy, witli finely crenulated margins. Crown
of the throat 10-lobed; lobes obtuse, fleshy. Filaments com-
bined into a pyramidal tube ; anthers trigonal, combined into a
starry disk, with the cells hardly drawn out at the base, at
length 4-lobed behind. Style attenuated ; stigma small, trun-
cate. Berry globose, crustaceous, 1 -celled, usually many-seeded,
rarely 1-2-seeded. Tiie rest as in Theophrasta. — Shrubs with
simple, unbranched stems: furnished with a tuft of long, spiny-
toothed leaves at top, somewhat in the manner of palm trees.
Leaves alternate, crowded so as to appear verticillate, spreading,
oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately-veined, with
spiny-toothed or quite entire edges ; petioles callous at the
base. Flowers terminal, racemose, white or orange-coloured ;
they are hermaphrodite, but never dioecious, as said by the
authors of Flora: Peruviance.
§ 1 . Leaves with quite entire edges.
1 C. macroca'rpa (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. et chil. 1. p.
284. gen. t. 30.) leaves spatulate-oblong, acute, stiff, dotted
beneath; petioles hardly an inch long; racemes very long, pendu-
lous, glabrous, h . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Cuchero
and Muna, where it is commonly called Lucuma de Monte.
Leaves 1 to 1-j foot long, with cartilaginous, sub-reflexed edges.
Racemes from a span to 1 foot long. Flowers larger than other
species of the genus. Berry size of a crab-apple.
Large-fruited C\slv\]?l. Clt. 1816. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
2 C. longifolia (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. etchil. 1. p. 284.)
leaves spatulate-lanceolate, acuminate, rather membranous ;
petioles 3 inches long ; racemes erect, downy. Pj • S- Native
of Peru, in Pati and Macora. C. lancifblia, Desf. in nouv. ann.
mus. 1. p. 402. t. 14. Leaves 1^ to 2 feet long, and a hand in
breadth. Berry size of a cherry.
Long-leaved Clavija. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub 8 feet.
3 C. spatulaVa (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 285.) leaves ob-
long-spatulate, obtuse ; petioles \\ inch long ; racemes erect,
smoothish. ^. S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Pozuzo
and Muna. Leaves rather membranous, a foot or more long,
and 5 inches broad. Racemes 3-4 inches long. Berry size of a
cherry.
Spatulate-\es.\e(\. Clavija. Shrub 6 feet.
4 C. pe'ndula (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 285. D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. Jan. 1831.) leaves lanceolate; racemes long, pendu-
lous. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Pozuzo.
Z)roo/j/Hg--racemed Clavija. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
§. 2. Leaves with spiny-toothed edges,
5 C. orna'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves long-lanceolate, acute,
spiny-toothed ; petioles a nail in length ; racemes drooping ;
berries usually 2-seeded. t^ • S- Native of Caraccas, in woods.
Theophrasta longifolia, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 136. hort. schoenbr. I. t.
116. Leaves H foot long, acute at the base. Racemes 3 to 4
inches long. Flowers orange-coloured. Berry size of a small
cherry.
Ornamental Clavija. Clt. 1828. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
6 C. undula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves cuneate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, spiny-toothed ; petioleshalf an inch long. Ij.S. Native
of Guayaquil. Clavija, spec. nov. Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Leaves hardly a foot long, acute at the base, with the margins
sinulately toothed and undulated. Flowers not seen.
Undulated-leaved Clavija. Shrub.
Cult. Shrubs very like Theophrasta in habit, which see, p. 26.
for culture and propagation.
E
D. H. HILL LIBRARY
North Carolina State College
26
THEOPHRASTEiE. III. Theophrasta. IV. Oncinus. V. Leonia.— SAPOTACE^.
III. THEOPHRA'STA (so named from Tlieoplirastus, the
fatherof natural history.) Juss. gen. Lin. spec. Lindl. colh t. 26.
Lin. syst. Pentdndr'ia, Monogi/nia. Calyx campanulate,
cartilaginous ; segments elliptic-oblong, with erosely-toothed
edges. Corolla campanulate, with a short tube, a dilated penta-
gonal throat, and a spreading limb ; throat girded by an elevated,
angularly-lobed, fleshy, arched ring. Stamens 5, combined with
the tube of the corolla ; anthers furnished with a beak-formed,
obtuse appendage. Style attenuated ; stignna capitate. Berry
spherical, crustaceous, many-seeded, bursting irregularly; seeds
half immersed in the placenta. — This is a small tree, with a
simple, unbranched stem : furnished with a tuft of long, evergreen
leaves at top, somewhat in the manner of a palm tree. Leaves
alternate, crowded so as to appear somewhat verticillate, almost
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, stiflT, glabrous, pale green,
a foot or a foot and a half long, with undulated, dentately
spinose margins, usually truncate at the base and apex, paler
beneath, very smooth, with a very thick midrib : having the
veins hardly evident, except in the dried state. Flowers
terminal, racemose ; racemes nunjerous, many-flowered, hidden
among the leaves, very short, hardly 2 inches long. Corolla
white. Berry size a crab apple, yellowish.
1 T. JussiEu'i (Lind. coll. t. 26.) Ij . S. Native of St. Do-
mingo, on the mountains. Th. Americana, Lin. spec. 1. p. 212.?
Swartz, obs. p. 58. Th. Henrici, Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p.
Er^sia foliis aquifolii longissimis. Plum. gen. p. 8. t. 28. icon.
t. 126.?
Jussieu' s TheoT^hrasta. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Tree 10 feet.
Cult. A small tree, handsome on account of its long, holly-
like leaves. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand, answers it
well ; and cuttings, having the leaves remaining on entire, will
take root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
IV. ONCTNUS (from oycivoe, onkinos, a hook ; in reference to
the segments of the corolla being hooked.) Lour. coch. p. 123.
Lin. syst. Pentandria,Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-notched.
Corolla funnel-shaped, fleshy ; limb 5-paned : segments obtuse,
all hooked to one side, emarginate ; crown 5-cleft, in the
mouth of the tube. Filaments fixed to the middle of the tube,
anthers simple. Ovarium globose. Style short. Stigma acute.
Berry globose, large, shining, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds
small, roundish, nestling in the pulp. — A clinnbing shrub. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, entire, glabrous, shining, opposite. 1 Flowers
while, in long, racemose, terminal corymbs. Berry red, edible,
sweet, and somewhat astringent.
1 O. Cochinchine'nsis (Lour. 1. c). fj . G. Native of
Coehinchina. Theophrasta Cochinchinensis, Spreng. syst. 1 .
p. G71.
Cochin-china Oncinus. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Theophn'tsta above for culture and propagation.
V. LEO'NIA (named after Don Francisco Leon, a great
promoter of the sciences, who by his munificence assisted in
bringing out some volumes of the Flora Peruviana.) Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. et chil. 2. p. 69. t. 222. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2.
p. 86. t. 200. f. 4. in letterpress. Steudelia, Mart. 1. c. in tab.
168 and 169.
Lin. s\st. Pcntandria, Monogijnia. Calyx small, 5-lobed,
deciduous, with scarious edges. Corolla rotately sub-campanu-
late. Stamens 5, combined into a pentagonal, cup-shaped tube,
inclosing the pistil. Anthers didymous, 2-celled. Berry corti-
cate, 1-celled. Seeds many, oblong, attached to parietal placen-
tas, (ex Mart. 1. c.) nestling in the pulp. — Trees with alternate,
coriaceous leaves, on short petioles, entire, full of pellucid dots,
glabrous. Flowers cream coloured, full of glandular dots, dis-
posed in axillary racemes or cymes.
12
1 L. racem6sa (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 86. t. 168, and t.
200. f. 4. under Steudelia, in tab.) leaves oblong, ending in a
short, acute point ; flowers disposed in drooping, compound,
aggregate racemes. >j . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of
the Amazon, at Serpa ; and of Peru. L. glycicarpa, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per et chil. 2. p. 69. t. 222. Corolla yellow, with obo-
vate, concave segments. Seeds obovate.
Racemose-Row creA Leonia. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
2 L. CYMOSA (Mart. 1. c. 2. p. 88. t. 169. under Steudelia,
in tab.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; cymes of
flowers bifid, erect. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Rio Negro, at Ega, in woods. Seeds oblong.
Cymose- flowered Leonia. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
Cult. For culture and projiagation see Theophrasta above.
Order CXLV. SAPOTA^CE^E. Sapotse, Juss. gen.
p. 151. R. Br. prod. p. 528.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx divided, regular, permanent.
Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular : having the segments
equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, rarely double or
triple that number, deciduous. Stamens epipetalous, definite,
distinct ; fertile ones equal in number to the segments of the
calyx, rarely more, and opposite them, but alternating with the
segments of the corolla ; sterile ones equal in number to the
fertile ones, and alternating with them, sometimes wanting. An-
thers usually behind. Ovarium many-celled; cells 1-seeded.
Ovula erect. Style 1 ; stigma undivided, sometimes lobed.
Berry many-celled, or only 1-celled from abortion. Seeds
nucumentaceous, sometimes combined into a many-celled puta-
men ; testa bony, shining, with the front more or less scraped
away, and opaque. Embryo erect, white, large, usually inclos-
ed in fleshy albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous in those seeds fur-
nished with albumen, and fleshy in those without, sometimes
connate ; with a short straight or a little inclined radicle, looking
towards the hilum, and an inconspicuous plumule. — Exotic trees
or shrubs, the greater part natives within the tropics, most of
which are milky. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, quite entire,
coriaceous. Inflorescence axillary.
This order is more nearly allied to Ebenaceee than to any
other, but differs from it in the species being milky, in the wood
being soft, in the stamens being definite, in the flowers being
hermaphrodite, in the style being undivided, in the cells of the
ovarium being always 1-seeded, in the ovula being erect, in the
testa of the seeds being bony, and in many other characters.
The plants contained in this order are chiefly valuable for their
fruit, which in many cases contribute richly to the dessert.
MimHsojJs Elengi, Imbricaria, Commcrsbnii, and Argania Sidc-
roxylon are all of this description ; the star-apples of the West
Indies, the produce of several species of Chrysophijllum, and par-
ticularly of C. Cainito, are esteemed delicious ; and the medlars,
lucumas, and sapotillas of equinoxial America, all the fruit of
different kinds of A chras are among the most valuable pro-
ductions of the Western world. The seeds of all the order are
oily ; those of A'chras sapbta are accounted diuretic and ape-
rient. Their oil is not fluid, but so concrete as to have the
appearance and consistence of butter, whence the name of butter-
tree has been applied to different species, both in India and
SAPOTACEjE. I. Sersalisia. II. Argania.
27
Africa. The most famous of this description are the Indian
I\fava, maliva, or Madlntca, the Bassia butyracea, and the
African S/ica-tree, Bassia Pdrltii ; the seeds of the former
are so oleaginous, that a single tree has been known to produce
three quintals of oil ; the dried flowers of the same tree are
mixed by some Indians with their food, and a kind of spirit is
distilled from them by others. The juice of all the sapotas is
milky, but not acrid and poisonous, like that of most other
lactescent orders, but, on the contrary, yielding a wholesome
beverage or food. According to Mr. R. Brown, the bark of
sonic species of ^V/(i«s and Lmc«ot« is so astringent and febri-
fugal as to be substituted for quinquina or Peruvian bark.
Sy7)ops'!s of the genera.
1 Sersalisia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens
10, 5 fertile and 5 sterile. Stigma undivided. Ovarium 5-
celled. Berry 1-5-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, crustaceous.
2 Arga'nia. Calyx 10-parted, disposed in a double series.
Corolla 5-cleft; segments sub-emarginate. Stamens 10, 5 fer-
tile, and 5 sterile, petal-like. Drupe containing a 2-S-celled nut,
some of the cells usually above, marked by as many furrows as
there are cells.
3 SiDERoxYLON. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft, with a
denticulated lobe at the base of each segment. Stamens 5,
alternating with the 5 teeth or sterile stamens. Berry 5-celled ;
cells 1 -seeded, not all fertile ; seeds exalbuminous, bony.
4 Bume'lia. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 10, 5
fertile, alternating with 5 membranous sterile ones. Ovarium
5-celled. Berry 1 -seeded. Seeds albuminous.
5 Nyctertsition. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5,
fertile, without any sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled ; cells 1-
seeded. Stigma obtuse. Seeds bony, albuminous.
6 Chrysopiiy'llum. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens
5, fertile, and no sterile ones. Stigma obsoletely 10-lobed.
Berry 10-celled. Seeds bony and albuminous.
7 A'cHRAs. Calyx 6-parted. Corolla 6-cleft. Stamens 12,
6 sterile and 6 fertile. Ovarium 12-G-celled, 12-6-seeded.
Seeds albuminous, bony.
8 Lucu'ma. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5
fertile, and 5 sterile, scale-like. Ovarium 10-5-celled. Berry
1-10-seeded. Seeds bony, exalbuminous.
9 Inoca'rpus. Calyx 2-cleft. Corolla 5-cleft, long and li-
near. Stamens 10, inserted in a double row. Stigma concave,
sessile. Drupe compressed, ovate, incurved at top, containing
a fibry reticulated nut. Embryo exalbuminous.
10 MiMu'sops. Calyx 8-6-parted, in a twin order. Corolla
with a double row of segments. Stamens 6-8 fertile (f. 7. a.),
and 6-8 sterile (f. 7. a.). Ovarium 6-8-celled. Berry few-
seeded from abortion. Seeds albuminous, nucumentaceous.
11 Imbrica'ria. Calyx 8-parted. Corolla with a triple
series of trifid segments. Stamens 8 sterile and 8 fertile. Ova-
rium 8-celled, 8-seeded. Berry few-celled from abortion. Seeds
albuminous, nucumentaceous.
12 Omphaloca'rpum. Calyx many-parted, covered by 11-12
concave scales. Corolla 6-7-cleft; segments alternating with
as many fringed scales. Stamens 30-40, disposed in unequal
series. Fruit solid, woody, umbilicate, many-celled, many-
seeded.
13 Ba'ssia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla 8-parted. Stamens
16, disposed in a double row. Berry 6-8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded.
Seeds without albumen, somewhat trigonal, bony.
14 Laba'tia. Calyx 4-parted, the 2 outer segments the
largest. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 8, 4 sterile and scale-formed,
and 4 fertile ones inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Berry
hard, roughish, 4-celled, rarely 2-celled 4-seeded. Seeds exal-
buminous.?
15 Poute'ria. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 8, 4
sterile and bristle-formed, and 4 fertile. Capsule ovate, hispid,
4-valved ; each valve containing an arillate almond-formed seed.
16 Phelline. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted. Sta-
mens 4, fertile. Capsule 4-celled ; cells corky, dehiscing inside.
Seeds solitary.
+ A genus hardly knoivn.
17 Monta'bea. Calyx tubular, with 5 unequal segments.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with unequal segments. Nectary mono-
phyllous, or stamens 5-8 combined, fixed to the superior part
of the tube of the corolla, 5-toothed at top, with an anther
between each of the teeth, which are probably abortive stamens.
Stigma globose, obtuse. Berry 3-5-celled, 3-5-seeded. Seeds
arillate, umbilicate on one side.
I. SERSALI'SIA (named in memory of John Baptist Ser-
salis, a Neapolitan ecclesiastic, much praised by Fabius Co-
lumna). R. Br. prod. p. 529. — Sideroxylon species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and scale-
formed, and the other 5 fertile and bearing anthers, alternatinCT
with the scale-formed sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled. Stigma
undivided. Berry 1-5-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, with a
crustaceous testa, and longitudinal hilum. — Shrubs, with obovate
leaves, and axillary, white flowers. The flowers are almost
those of Sideroxylon, and the fruit almost that of Bumelia.
1 S. SERicEA (R. Br. prod. p. 530.) leaves ovate or obovate,
obtuse, tomentose beneath as well as the peduncles and calyxes ;
corollas villous outside, having the tube exceeding the calyx;
sterile filaments lanceolate ; style filiform, villous at the base.
^2 . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Sideroxy-
lon sericeum. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 262.
6'i%-leaved Sersalisia. Clt. 1772. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
2 S. obova'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, a little attenuated
at the base, rather silky beneath ; calyxes smoothish ; corolla
5-parted, glabrous : with orbicular segments, which much ex-
ceed the lanceolate, sterile filaments ; stigma sessile, round.
h . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
06o!)n/e-leaved Sersalisia. Shrub.
Cull. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for
the species of Sersalisia; and cuttings strike root freely in sand,
with a hand-glass over them.
II. ARGA'NIA {Argan is the aboriginal name of the tree).
Roem. et Schultes, syst. XLVI. Sideroxylon spinosum, Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-IO-cleft;
leaflets, or rather scales, roundish, concave, disposed in a double
E 2
28
SAPOTACE>E. III. SlDEROXYLON.
series. Corolla cup-shaped, 5-parted, witli ovate-lanceolate,
sub-emarginate segments ; having 5 petal-like, linear-subulate
segments, adhering to the base of the corolla, and alternating
with its segments. Stamens 5, filiform, length of corolla, and
adnate to its base; anthers incumbent, ovate, keeled on the
back. Ovarium conical, hairy. Style glabrous ; length of
stamens ; stigma simple. Drupe ovate, terminated by the
style, 2-3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds hard, smooth, having
a longitudinal furrow inside. — A small evergreen tree.
1 A. SlDEROXYLON (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 502.).
^2 - H. Native of the southern parts of the kingdom of Mo-
rocco; abundant in woods situated in the southern provinces,
between the rivers Tansif and Sur. Sideroxylon spinosum,
Lin. spec. p. 279. exclusive of the syn. of Rhtede, mal. Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 14. Dry. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 225.
Correa, in ann. mus. 8. p. 393. Elseodendron A'rgan, Retz.
obs. 6. p. 26. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1148. exclusive of the syn.
Rhamnus pentaphyllus, Jacq. and Boccone. Schousb. mar.
p. 89. Rhamnus Siculus, Lin. syst. 3. p. 227. exclusive of the
synonymes. — Conim. hort. amst. 1. p. 161. t. 83. An ever-
green tree of iniddle size, with a bushy head. Branches ter-
minated by strong spines. Leaves lanceolate, entire, bluntish,
glabrous, paler beneath ; the lower ones in fascicles. Flowers
lateral and axillary, scattered, crowded, sessile. Corolla green-
ish-yellow. Fruit dotted with white, size of a plum, full of
white, milky juice.
/ron-wood Argania. Fl. July. Clt. 1711. Tr. 15 to 20 ft.
Cult. The tree will grow against a south wall, but will
require the protection of a mat in severe weather in winter.
It is to be propagated by cuttings in sand, imder a hand-glass.
III. SIDERO'XYLON (from aicripoQ, sidcros, iron, and
l,v\ox', xylon, wood ; from the hardness of the wood). Dill,
elth. p. 357. t. 265. f. 344. Lin. gen. no. 264. Juss. gen.
151. Gsertn. fruct. 3. p. 123. t. 202. Lam. ill. t. 120. Vent,
choix. t. 22.
LiN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla 5-cleft, with roundish, concave seginents ; having a
lobe in each recess. Stamens 5 (in one species 10), length of
corolla, alternating with the teeth inside the corolline seginents,
which are probably sterile stamens ; anthers oblong. Style
length of stamens. Stigma obtuse. Berry 5-celled, 5-seeded,
but some of the cells are usually abortive. Albumen subcartila-
ginous. Embryo obliquely ascending. — Evergreen trees, with
axillary and lateral fascicles of flowers.
* Shrubs unarmed.
1 S. ine'rme (Lin. in Dill. hort. eltli. 357. t. 205. f. 344.)
spec. p. 278.) leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, glabrous; flowers in
lateral and axillary fascicles. It . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 250. Mill. ill. t. 299. S. A'rgan,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 245. ill. no. 2455. t. 120. f.l, Roemeria inermis,
Thunb. in Roem. arch. 2. p. 2. Leaves coriaceous, shinintr,
3 inches long, attenuated at the base. Flowers small, with a
green calyx and white petals and stamens. Sterile filaments lan-
ceolate, acuminated, usually cut.
Unarmed Iron-wood. Fl. July. Clt. 1692. Sh. 5 to 6 ft.
2 S. ciNEREUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 244. exclusive of the syno-
nymes) leaves obovate, flat, reticulated with veins beneath ;
flowers axillary, 1-4 in a fascicle. Tj . S. Native of the Isle
of France. — Burm. afr. t. 84. f 2. Branches rufescent. Leaves
coriaceous, glabrous, dotted beneath. Flowers small, white.
Gcfy-barked Iron- wood. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
3 S. NiTiDUM (Blum, bijdr. 675.) leaves oblong, attenuated
at both ends, shining ; flowers crowded into axillary racemes.
Ij . S. Native of Java, in the province of Buitenzorg, in woods
on Mount Sulin, where it is called Njalu.
Shining Iron-wood. Tree 80 feet.
4 S.? RUGosuM (Roein. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 501.) leaves
oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers in axillary fascicles ;
fruit wrinkled, acuminated. Ij • S. Native of Jamaica, on the
higher mountains. Chrysophyllum rugosum, Swartz, prod. p.
49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 484. Willd. berl. mag. 3. p. 60. Leaves
large, paler beneath. Corolla 10-clefl, 5 of the segments obtuse
and 5 very short. Fruit size of a filbert, yellowish brown.
Seeds ovate-oblong, compressed.
Jl'rinklcd-truhed Iron-wood. Tree.
5 S. ? Cantonie'nse (Lour. coch. p. 122.) leaves palmate,
glabrous, on long petioles ; peduncles solitary, axillary, many-
flowered. ^2 • Gf. Native of China, in the suburbs of Canton.
Shrub climbing. Calyx a small, lanceolate, deciduous spathe.
Corolla 5-cleft. Nectarium acutely 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Stigma
obtuse. Berry roundish, 4-celled, 1-seeded. Root a large
round tube, tapering at the base. This is certainly not a Side-
roxylon, nor does it appear to belong to the order.
Canton Iron-wood. Shrub cl.
6 S. ? ATRoviRENs (Willd. cuum. suppl. p. 11.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acute, smooth, pale beneath, approximate ; flowers
small, racemose, axillary, fj . G. Native ? An erect, branched
shrub, with greyish white branches ; petioles blackish, brown.
Flowers white. Perhaps the same as S. atrovirens. Lam., or
probably S. nigricans, Dum. Conrs.
Dark-green Iron-wood. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
7 S. Guadalupe'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 666.) unarmed;
leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, coriaceous, quite glabrous, pa-
rallelly veined beneath ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, axillary.
ij . S. Native of Guadaloupe.
Guadaloupe Iron-wood. Tree or shrub.
8 S. tojientosum (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 28. t. 28.) leaves oblong,
undulated, downy; flowers in axillary fascicles; berry 1-5-
seeded. I; . S. Native of the East Indies, on the tops of
mountains. Bark ash-coloured. Leaves smooth in the adult
state, but clothed with rust-coloined down while young, 3-5
inches long. Flowers small, dull white. Berry ovate, size of
an olive. Segments of corolla acutish. S. Wightianum, Wall,
no. 4154. appears to be only a more glabrous variety of S.
tomenlosum.
Tomentose Iron-wood. Clt. 1818. Tree 8 to 10 feet.
9 S. GRANDisoLiDM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 348.) leaves
obovate-elliptic, obtuse or acuminated, tapering downwards,
smooth, crowded at the tops of the branches ; flowers globular,
in numerous axillary and lateral, crowded fascicles ; segments
of corolla obtuse; ovarium densely bearded. Ij . S. Native
ofSilhet. Branches angular. Leaves 6-1 2 inches long. Flowers
small, pea-green. Stigma truncate. S. regiuni. Wall. cat. no.
415. (a native of Pegu) does not appear to differ from this.
Great-leaved Iron-wood. Tree large.
10 S. Wallichia'num ; branches, petioles, and midrib of
leaves clothed with rusty villi while young ; leaves large, ellip-
tic-oblong, or oblong-obovate, acuminated, on short petioles,
crowded at the tops of the branches. I; . S. Native of Penang.
S. rugosum. Wall. cat. no. 4158. but not of Roem. et Schultes.
Wallich's Iron-wood. 1 ree.
lis. nervosum (Wall, cat, no. 4159.) branches, petioles,
and midrib of young leaves, calyxes, and pedicels clothed with
rusty villi ; flowers rather large, in crowded, close, axillary and
lateral fascicles ; leaves large, oblong, with a short acumen, on
short thick petioles, rusty beneath. I^ . S. Native of the
Burmese empire, at Trogle, on the banks of the Saluen river.
Nerved Iron-wood. Tree.
SAPOTACEiE. IV. Bumelia.
29
• * Armed shrubs.
12 S. ARMARIUM (Roth. nov. spec. p. G7.) prickles axillary,
about equal in length to the petioles ; leaves elliptic, tapering to
both ends, downy beneatli, tomentose while j'oung ; pedicels
axillary and lateral, crowded. Ij . S. Native of the East In-
dies. Very like <S. tomcntbsum in the leaves and flowers. The
flowers are scattered without order.
Armed Iron-wood. Tree.
13 S.? deca'ndkum (Lin. mant. p. 48. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1091. bcrol. mag. p. 55.) spinose ; leaves elliptic, deciduous,
glabrous; flowers in axillary fascicles; stamens 10, fertile,
length of nectary. (j . S. Native of South America. Spines
axillary, solitary. Corolla funnel-shaped, with concave seg-
ments. Segments of nectary or abortive stamens serrated.
Anthers sagittate. Berry black, 3-5-celled.
Decandrous Iron-wood. Tree.
Cult- For culture and propagation see Scrsalisia, p. 27.
IV. BUMEXIA (from iiovjxiKui, houmelia, the Greek name
for the common ash). Swartz, prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1.
p. 493. Schreb. gen. 1736. — A'cliras species, Lin. Poir. — Si-
deroxylon species. Lam. and others. — Chrysophyllum species,
Aubl. and others.
LiK. SYST. Pentdndr'ia, Monogijnla. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla with a short tube, and a 5-parted limb, furnished with 2
scales at the base of each segment. Stamens 5, inserted in the
tube of the corolla, and opposite its segments, having as many
membranous scales or sterile filaments alternating with them.
Ovarium 5-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Stigma simple. Drupe
oval, 1 -seeded. Seed albuminous. — Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves
scattered, entire, permanent. Peduncles axillary and lateral,
1-flovvered, usually crowded in fascicles. Flowers whitish.
* Unarmed shrubs or trees.
1 B. NIGRA (Swartz, prod. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 487.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, with undulated margins ; branchlets
twiggy ; flowers 4-6 in a fascicle. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica,
in mountain woods. A'chras nigra, Poir. suppl. 6. p. 532. —
A'chras, Browne, jam. 'p. 201. Sideroxylon nigrum, Gsertn.
fil. carp. 1. fasc. 3. p. 123.? Bark blackish. Leaves crowded
at the tops of the branches, dark green, drooping. Segments of
corolla and calyx ovate, concave, white. Sterile filaments lan-
ceolate undulated. Drupe glabrous, roundish.
iS/'acA- Bumelia. Clt. 1806. Tree 30 feet.
2 B. PALLIDA (Swartz, prod. p. 40. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 489.)
leaves elliptic, obtuse ; pedicels crowded, lateral ; branches erect.
Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, in fields. A\hras j)allida, Poir. suppl.
6. p. 533. Sideroxylon pallidum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 668. Very
nearly allied to B. nigra, from which it differs in the smaller
stature, whitish bark, and stiffer branches. Two of the caly-
cine segments are larger than the other three. Corolla yellow-
ish white, divided even to the base ; segments without any scales
at the base. Scales or sterile filaments trifid at the apex.
Pale Bumelia. Tree small.
3 B. RETu'sA (Swartz, prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 490.)
leaves cuneate-ovate, retuse, stiflT; flowers in axillary fascicles.
(^ . S. Native of the west of Jamaica, on the mountains.
Ga2rtn. fil. carp. 3. p. 126. t. 202. f. 3. A'chras retusa, Poir.
suppl. 6. p. 533. — Browne, jam. 201. no. 7. Leaves alternate
and opposite, shining above, white beneath, and full of black
dots. Calyx white, roughish. Sterile filaments lanceolate, un-
dulated. Drupe ovate, ^rovine ca\\s xh\s. Bastard BuUij-trce.
7?e<H4e-leaved Bumelia. Tree dwarf.
4 B. FreTiDissiMA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1086.) leaves lanceolate-
oblong, sub-emarginate ; flowers in axillary fascicles. h . S.
Native of St. Domingo, on the mountains. Sideroxylon fceti-
dissimum, Lin. mnnt. p. 49. Jacq. amer. p. 55. Sideroxylon
oppositifolium. Mill. diet. no. 2. ? Tree not lactescent. Leaves
shining, nearly opposite. Flowers white, fetid. Calycine seg-
ments roundish, obtuse, concave. Corolla rotate, with ovate,
flat segments. Sterile filaments serrated. Drupe roundish,
depressed at top.
Very fel'id-^owercA Bumelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Tree 12 feet.
5 B. PAuciFLORA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 493.) leaves
lanceolate-oblong, alternate, obtuse ; flowers spreading, axil-
lary, 3-4 in a fascicle. fj . S. Native of St. Domingo, in
woods on the mountains. Sideroxylon pauciflorum, Jacq. amer.
p. 55. Segments of corolla concave at top. Flowers white,
less fetid than the preceding, to which it is very nearly allied.
Few-Jiowercd Bumelia. Tree 20 feet.
6 B. mastichode'ndron (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves
lanceolate, acute, and obtuse ; flowers in axillary fascicles, fj . S.
Native of St. Domingo, and the Bahamas. Sideroxylon masti-
chodendron. Lam. ill. no. 2456. t. 120. f. 2. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 253.
t. 17. f. 5. Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 125. t. 202. — Catesb. car. 2.
t. 75. Branches long, flexible. Leaves shining above and
paler beneath. Flowers yellowish. Corolla rotate, with ovate,
obtuse, concave segments. Sterile filaments subulate. Drupe
yellow, ovate, obtuse.
Mastich-tree Bumelia. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
7 B. salicifolia (Swartz, prod. p. 50. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 491.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers in axillary and
lateral fascicles. tj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1085. exclusive of Masticiiodendron, Jacq.
Sideroxylon salicifolium. Lam. ill. 2458. ? Gaertn. fil. carp. 3.
p. 124. A'chras salicifolia, Lin. spec. 470. — Browne, jam. 201.
t. 17. f. 4.— Sloane, hist. 2. p. 98. t. 206. f. 2. The tree is
called in Jamaica Gallmeta-n'ood, or from the bark IV/iite Bully-
tree. Leaves shining. Calyx clothed with rusty down. Corollas
white. Fruit small, oblong, often 2-seeded.
lVillo7V-leaved BumeVta. Cll. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
8 B. monta'na (Swartz, prod. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 493.)
leaves oblong, obtuse ; flowers solitary, or 3 or 4 in a fascicle.
P; . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, on the higher mountains.
A'chras montcina, Poir. suppl. 6. p. 533. Branches a little
warted. Calycine segments 5-8, concave, roimdish. Corolla
having the tube ventricose at the base ; and the segments of the
limb undulated. Scales or sterile filaments acute, connivent.
Mountain Bumelia. Tree.
9 B. NERVOSA (Vahl, eclog. p. 28. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1087.)
leaves elliptic, of a different colour beneath ; flowers tomentose,
disposed in lateral and axillary fascicles. T; . S. Native of
Cayenne and Guiana. Chrysophyllum Cainito, Aubl. guian. 1.
p. 234. Chrysophj'llum macrophyllum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 44.
Tops of branches rather angular, and clothed with rusty to-
mentum. Leaves acute at the base, and bluntish at the apex,
4-5 inches long, shining above, but of a rufescent glaucous
colour beneath, hardly downy. Petioles clothed witii rusty
tomentum. Calycine segments ovate, acute, length of corolla.
Sterile filaments subulate. Ovarium tomentose.
iVm'f (/-leaved Bumelia. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
10 B. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Swartz, prod. 50. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 495.)
leaves nearly orbicular or elliptic, rounded at the apex, acute at
the base, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; flowers m axillary and
lateral fascicles. ij . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains
among bushes; and in the province of Bracamoros, on the banks
of the Amazon, at the confluence of the Chincapin. B. obtusi-
folia, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802.
A'chras rotundifolia, Poir. ency. 6. p. 534. Leaves palest
beneath. Calyxes clothed with silky down : having ovate, ob-
30
SAPOTACE/E. IV. Bumelia.
tuse concave segments. Corolla white, also clotlied with silky
down, having roundish-ovate segments, with 2 subulate scales at
the base of each segment. Drupe roundish-ovate, glabrous.
The plant of Humboldt does not differ from that of Swartz,
unless that the calyx and branchlets of the former are downy.
Round-leaved Bumelia. Clt. ? Tree 20 feet.
11 B. cunea'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 496.) leaves cu-
neate-obovate, glabrous ; flowers in lateral and axillary fascicles
towards the tops of the branches. T^ • S. Native of Jamaica,
and other west Indian islands, among bushes on the mountains.
Sideroxylon obovatum. Lam. ill. no. 2464. Gajrtn. fil. carp,
cent. 1. p. 125. A'chras cuneifolia, Poir. ency. 6. p. 534.
Leaves sometimes as if they were in fascicles, and rather emar-
ginate at the apex. Calycine segments roundish, concave.
Corolla small, with acuminated segments, hardly longer than the
calyx ; inner scales small, acute.
Cunea/e-leaved Bumelia. Clt. 18;;3. Tree.
* * Armed shrubs or trees.
12 B. CELASTRINA (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p.
212.) spiny; leaves obovate-oblong, rounded" at the apex, cu-
neated at the base, quite entire, rather coriaceous, glaucous-
green. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, on the western declivities
of mountains. Leaves in fascicles of 2-6. Calycine segments
4, roundish elliptic. Peduncles solitary or twin, rising from
the fascicles of leaves.
Cclaslrus-lihe Bumelia. Shrub.
13 B. BUXiFOLiA (Willd. herb, ex Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 802. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 212.) spiny
erect ; leaves elliptic, rounded' at the apex and cuneated at
the base, or obovate, quite entire, somewhat coriaceous, gla-
brous, shining, clothed with silky down beneath while young.
>> . S. Native of the Spanish Main, near Cumana, where it
is called Pejoui by the inhabitants. Leaves 1^ inch long.
Calycine segments roundish-elliptic, somewhat concave. Corolla
hemispherically campanulate, 5-6-parted. Flowers umbellately
crowded, small, white.
Box-leaved Bumelia. Tree 40 feet.
14 B. LYCioiDES (Gjertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 127. t. 120. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 237.) spiny ; leaves broad-lanceolate, bluntish, taper-
ing to the base, glabrous ; flowers in axillary fascicles. 1; . S.
Native of Carohna, in shady woods. Sideroxylon lycioides,
Duham. arb. 2. p. 260. t. 68. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1090. Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 12. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 155.
Sider. IseVe, Walt. fl. corol. p. 1 00. Lycioides, Lin. hort. cliff,
p. 488. Spines subulate. Leaves 2 inches long, deciduous, a
little silky while young. Flowers greenish white. Segments of
corolla trifid? perhaps from the 2 scales inside each segment.
^'oa:</i077i-/!7fe Bumelia. Fl. Aug. Cit. 1758. Sh. 8 to 10 ft.
15 B. fe'rox (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 6. p. 392.)
nearly glabrous in every part, with strong flexuous branches
and spreading spinescent branchlets ; leaves coriaceous, glau-
cescent, on short petioles, cuneated, obtuse, spatulate-lanceolate,
elliptic and obovate ; flowers aggregate, axillary, calycine seg-
ments ovate-obtuse, unequal. Tj . G. Native of Mexico.
Leaves 1-2 inches long. Pedicels 1 -flowered. Segments of
corolla a little Ioniser than the calyx, erosely cremdatcd. Sta-
mens equal in length to the corolla ; sterile ones spatulate,
lanceolate, with dentately jagged edges. Ovarium 5-celled.
Flowers white.
Fierce Bumelia. Shrub or tree.
16 B. reclina'ta (Vent, choix. t. 22. Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 155.) spiny, bushy, diffusely reclinate ; leaves small,
obovate, quite smooth ; flowers in axillary fascicles. Tj . H.
Native of Georgia, on the banks of rivers. Sideroxylon recli-
natum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 122. Young branches
terminated by a long spine. Leaves alternate or in fascicles.
Flowers small, white. Corolla and scales serrated. Sterile fila-
ments subulate, entire. Drupe ovate.
TJfc/wa/c-branched Bumelia. Fl.Jan. Clt. 1806. Sh. 3to4ft.
17 B. te'nax (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1085. enum. p. 248.) leaves
obovate-lanceolate, of a rusty silvery colour beneath, silky ;
flowers in axillary fascicles. Tj . H. Native of Carolina, in
dry situations. B. chrysophylloides, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 155. Sideroxylon tenax, Lin. mant. p. 48. Jacq. coll. 2.
p. 252. Lam. diet. J. p. 245. Siderox. chrysophylloides,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 123. Chrysophyllum Caroliniense,
.lacq. obs. 3. p. 3. t. 54. Chrys. glabrum, Juss. Siderox.
sericeum, Walt. fl. car. p. 100. Branches very tough. Bark
white. Leaves deciduous. Calycine and corolline segments
ovate, obtuse. Segments of nectary trifid. Stamens length of
corolla. Drupe oval. Flowers white.
Towg/j-branched Bumelia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1765. Tr. 20 ft.
18 B. lanuginosa (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 155.) rather
spinose ; branchlets spreading, downy ; leaves oval-lanceolate,
glabrous above and woolly beneath, but not silky ; flowers in
axillary fascicles. Jj . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, in
humid situations among bushes. Sideroxylon lanuginosum,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 123. Siderox. lenax, Walt. fl. car.
p. 100. Very nearly allied to B. tenax, but differs in the
leaves being woolly beneath, not silky, often obtuse.
/Foo//?/-leaved Bumelia. Clt. 1806. Tree small.
19 B. PENTAGONA (Swartz, i)rod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 494.)
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, shining ; flowers in axillary and
lateral fascicles ; drupe pentagonal. Vj . S. Native of St.
Domingo, on the mountains. Sideroxylon pauciflorum, Lam.
ill. 2459. as is seen by Poir. suppl. 1. p. 415. no. 12. A'chras
pentagona, Poir. ency. 6. p. 533. Branches warted, cinereous.
Segments of the calyx roundish, villous. Corolla white, hardly
the length of the tube of the calyx : having the segments ovate,
concave. Sterile filaments lanceolate. Drupe ovate, glabrous.
Penlagonal-trmteiX Bumelia. Tree 20 feet.
20 B. OBLONGiFOLiA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1, p. 135.) spiny;
leaves smooth, oblong, obtuse, deciduous ; flowers conglomerate,
nearly sessile, very numerous ; scales or sterile filaments
trifid. ^2 ■ H. Native of North America, on the Mississippi,
near the lead mines of St. Louis ; it is also abundant as far
down the river as Natches. Tree, with numerous twisted
branches. Calycine segments ovate, concave. Drupe purple.
Wood fetid.
Oblong-leaved Bumelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Tree
18 to 20 feet.
21 B. sTRiGOSA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 665.) somewhat spinose;
leaves oblong, obtuse, shining above, but pale and clothed with
adpressed bristles beneath. fj . S. Native country unknown.
Sideroxylon strigosum, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 11. Flowers
whitish.
^iWg^o^e Bumelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 ft.
22 B. crenula'ta (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 665.) leaves oblong-
lanciolate, attenuated at the base, quite glabrous on both sur-
faces, crenulately serrated ; branches glabrous, subspinose ;
peduncles 1-flowered, usually solitaiy. fj . S. Native of
Porto Rico.
Cr-eHi(/o(f(/-leaved Bumelia. Shrub or tree.
\ Species not sufficiently knotvn.
23 B. ? multiflora (Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 498.)
spiny ; leaves obovate-cuneated, obtuse, glabrous, coriaceous ;
peduncles divided, fasciculate, lateral. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Sideroxylon multiflorum. Lam. ill. no.
2465. Poir. suppl. I. p. 44C. no. 16. Habit, flowers, and
fruit unknown.
SAPOTACE^E. V. Nycterisition. VI. Ciirysopiiyllum.
31
Mamj-Jlowered Bumelia. Tree or sliriib.
24 B.? PUNCTATA (Room, et Scliultc's, 1. c.) unarmed ; leaves
oblong-oval, bluntish, glabrous, clotted beneath ; flowers lateral,
almost sessile. fj . H. Native of Carolina. Sideroxylon
punctatum, Lam. ill. no. 24G0. Poir. suppl. l.p. 446. Drupes
roundish, size of a pepper-corn, 1 -seeded. The rest unknown.
Z)o/^erf-leaved Bumelia. Tree or shrub.
25 B. ? arge'ntea (Roem, et Scliultes, syst. 4. p. 499.)
unarmed ; leaves ovate, retuse, tomentose ; flowers pedunculate,
racemose. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Side-
roxylon argenteum, Thunb, prod. p. 36. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1090. Roemeria argentea, Thuub. in Roem. arch. 2. p. 1. —
Burm. dec. pi. afr. t. 95. f. 1. Leaves ovate-oblong, emar-
ginately cleft, clothed with white tomentuni, especially beneath.
Perhaps a species of Badula.
Silvery Bumelia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
26 B. ? Lu'ciDA (Roem. et Scliultes, I.e.) unarmed; leaves
ovate-oblong, quite glabrous, shining above ; flowers in axillary
fascicles. Fj • S- Native of America. Sideroxylon liicidum,
Sol. in Lam. diet. 1. p. 246. no. 2. Siderox. nitidum. Lam. ill.
p. 42. no. 2457. Leaves coriaceous, 2 inches long. Flowers
small, white.
iS7(t«i;/g-leaved Bumelia. Tree or shrub.
27 B. ? Auzu'ba (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) unarmed; leaves
oblong, attenuated at both ends, shining, veiny ; pedicels axil-
lary, 1 -flowered, alternate; fruit ovate, yellow, fleshy, full of a
clammy juice, containing a nut very like an olive. Pj . S. Na-
tive of St. Domingo, where it is called Acomat. Sideroxylon
Auzuba, Plum. mss. vol. 5. p. 124.
Auxuba Bumelia. Tree.
28 B. ? cuNEiFOLiA (Rudge, pi. guian. 1. p. 30. t. 47.) leaves
cuneate-lanceolate, nerved, acuminated, quite glabrous, except
the nerves, which are pubescent ; flowers in axillary and lateral
fascicles ; anthers ovate, cuneated. fj . S. Native of Guiana.
Branches clothed with rusty down. Flowers small. Calycine
segments tomentose. Segments of corolla obtuse. Stamens
shorter than the corolla, sessile, obtuse.
Wedge-leaved Bumelia. Tree tall.
Cult. The hardy species of this genus thrive very well in a
sheltered situation, or against a wall where they can be covered
with a mat in severe frost ; and cuttings of them, planted in
sand under a hand-glass, strike root readily. For the culture
and propagation of the stove and greenhouse species, see Sersa-
lisia, p. 27.
\. NYCTERISI'TION (from i uk.T£pic, nyctcris, a bat, and
iriTiot', silion, food ; flowers). Ruiz et Pav. gen. fl. per. et
chil. p. 300. t. 5. fl. 2. t. 187. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
araer. 3. p. 238. — Chrysophyllum species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndrla, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla with a short tube, and a 5-parted lin;b, without any scales
inside the segments. Stamens 5, inserted in the top of the tube
of the corolla and opposite to its segments. Ovarium 5-celled ;
cells 1-ovulate. Style short ; stigma obtuse, slightly 5-tootiied.
Fruit fleshy, 5-celled, 5-seeded. Seeds albuminous, bony. Em-
bryo erect. — Trees with the habit of Bumelia. Leaves scattered,
entire. Flowers disposed in axillary, umbellate fascicles ; pedi-
cels 1-flowered. This sjenus hardly differs from Chrysophijllum,
unless in the 5-celled ovarium, and in the almost entire stigma.
1 N. arge'nteum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 238.
t. 244.) branchlets downy ; leaves elliptic-oldong, pale green
and shining above and silvery beneath. I7 . S. Native of New
Granada, near Jaen de Bracamoras. Chrysophyllum Grana-
tense, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 667. Buds silky. Leaves acute or
obtuse, a little cuneated at the base. Flowers 6-9 together,
about the size of those of the Alaternus. Ovarium hairy.
Silvery Nycterisition. Tree.
2 N. ferrugIneum (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 47. t. 187.)
leaves oblong-ovate, with an emarginate acumen, shining above,
but clothed with silky rusty down beneath, as well as the calyxes
and branchlets. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in woods at Cuchero
Chincao and Pillao. Chrysophyllum ferrugineum, Spreng. syst.
1, p. 666. Corollas whitish yellow, clothed with rusty down.
/("jis/?/ Nycterisition. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 feet.
3 N. lanceola'tum (Blum, bijdr. 676.) branchlets clothed
with rusty tomentum ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obliquely at-
tenuated at the base, tomentose on the midrib beneath. Ij . S.
Native of Java, in woods on the mountains, where it is called
Kilakkatang.
Lanceolale-leaved Nycterisition. Tree 60 to 80 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysophyllum, p. 33.
VL CHRYSOPHYLLUM (from xP«"TOf, chrysos, gold, and
<l>vWov, phyllon, leaf; the leaves of most of the species are
clothed with yellow silky down beneath). Lin. gen. 263.
Schreb. gen. S55. Juss. gen. 152. — Cainito, Plum. 9. Jacq.
amer. 51.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla campanulately rotate, with a 5-parted spreading limb.
Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla and opposite its
segments, without any scales inside the segments. Ovarium
10-celled; cells 1-ovulate. Stigma almost sessile, somewhat
peltately depressed, obsoletely 10-lobed. Fruit globose, 1-10-
celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; endocarp bony, brittle. Seeds albu-
minous.— Lactescent trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire.
Flowers disposed in axillary umbellate fascicles.
* Leaves clothed with silky, silvery, or golden tomentum beneath.
1 C. Cainito (Lin. spec. 278. Jacq. amer. p. 51. t. 37. f. 1.
ed. pict. p. 30. t. 51.) leaves oblong, acute at the base and apex,
quite glabrous above, but silky and rusty beneath. I^ . S. Na-
tive of the West Indian islands, and almost throughout South
America within the tropics. Cainito, Laet, amer. 390. Plum.
gen. 10. t. 69. Sideroxylon Pacurero, Loefl. itin. p. 204. A
tall tree with a large head. Branches clothed with silky rusty
down. Leaves 3^^ to 4 inches long. Flowers small, whitish.
Fruit large, rather depressed, rose-coloured, mixed with green
and yellow, having the skin smooth and glabrous : the flesh soft,
clammy, sweet, and insipid. The Americans are very fond of
it, but it is seldom eaten by Europeans.
Var. /3, Jamaicense (Jacq. amer. 1. c. t. 52. pict. t. 31.) fruit
purple, sub-ovate. V\ . S. Native of Jamaica. — Brown, jam.
171. t. 14. f. 2. — Sloane, hist. 3. p. 170. t. 229. Fruit with a
green or purple rind ; the pulp also purple, and rather better
flavoured than the species. It is called Star Apple in Jamaica.
J'ar. y, cceruleum (Jacq. amer. 1. c. t. 37. pict. t. 52.) fruit
blue, globose. (7 . S. Native of Martinico. Both pulp and
rind of the fruit entirely blue, of the same taste as the latter.
Var: S, microphyllum (Jacq. amer. pict. p. 31. t. 53.) leaves
smaller. T? . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havanna. The
tree scarcely grows above 10 feet high, and the leaves do not
exceed 14- inch long.
Cainito, or Common Star Apple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1737.
Tree 30 to 50 feet.
2 C. aqua'ticum (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 236.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base, quite glabrous
and shining above, but clothed with rusty silky down beneath.
ij . S. Native of the Missions of the Orinoco, in inundated
places on the banks of the river Atabapo, betwixt San Fernando
and Javita. Branches angular, silky, brown. Leaves 3-4
inches long. Flowers and fruit unknown.
32
SAPOTACE/E. VI, Chrysophyllum.
Aquatic Star Apple. Tree.
3 C. MONOPYRE^NUM (Swartz. prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1.
p. 480.) leaves oval or oblong, short-acuminated, clothed
with golden-silky tonientum beneath; fruit ovate, ] -seeded.
f; . S. Native of Jamaica, Martinico, St. Domingo, &c.
among bushes. Hook. bot. mag. 3303. C. oliviforme, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 552. no. 2. C. Cainlto, Mill. diet. no. 1. C. Cainito,
/3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1083 — Burm. amer. t. 69. Branchlets
flexible, clothed with rusty tomentum. CoroUine segments
ovate-acute. Fruit bluish, obtuse. Wood resembling that of
box. Bark rufescent, dotted with white. Style crowned by
5 rufous stigmas. Called Damson plum by Browne.
One-seeded Star Apple. FL? Clt. 1812. Tr. 20 to 30 ft.
4 C. acumina'tum (Lam. ill. no. 2469. Poir. diet, suppl. 2.
p. 15, but not of Wall.) leaves ovate, acuminate, with parallel
stripes: pale, shining, and tomentose beneath. Tj . S. Native
of Cayenne and St. Domingo. Branches terete. Leaves
clothed with rusty, shining tomentum beneath, Calycine seg-
ments ovate, concave.
Acuminated-\ea.\e(}i Star Apple. Tree.
5 C. BicoLOR (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 15.) leaves ovate, rather
acuminated, clothed with golden and silvery silky down beneath,
but glabrous and shining above; fruit pear-shaped. I;. S.
Native of Porto Rico. Very nearly allied to C. acuminatum, but
the branches are more flexuous ; the lea' es have one half silvery
and the other golden yellow beneath. Fruit size of a small nut,
pulpy.
Two-coloured-\eaveA Star Apple. Tree.
6 C. ANGUSTiFOLiUM (Lam. ill. 2. p. 44. no. 2470.) leaves
lanceolate, shining, with parallel stripes, clothed with rusty
silky down beneath ; fruit olive-formed. I^ . S. Native of St.
Domingo. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 16. Allied to C. monopyrenum ;
but the leaves resemble those of Olive or Privet, and are, there-
fore, much smaller. Fruit usually 2-seeded, irregular at the base.
Nairoiv-leavcd Star A])p\e. Clt. 1819. Tree 20 feet.
7 C. arge'nteum (Jacq. amer. p, 53. t. 38. f. 1. ed. pict. p.
31, t. 54.) leaves ovate-oblong, falcately acuminated, glabrous
and shining above, but clothed with silky silvery down beneath ;
fruit round. Ij . S. Native of Martinico. Fruit of a dirty
purplish blue colour, size of an ordinary plum: containing a soft,
bluish, edible pulp.
.S'(7i'fr7/-leaved Star Apple. Fl.? Clt. 1758. Tree 20 feet.
8 C. microca'rpum (Swartz. prod. 1. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
482.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous above, and downy beneath ;
fruit oblong, oblique, 1 -seeded. I; . S. Native of Hispaniola,
on the banks of rivers. Distinguished from C. glahrum, in the
higher stature, in the leaves being downy and paler beneath.
Corolla with a white tube, silky outside : with concave, obtuse
segments. Fruit size of a gooseberry, fixed obliquely to the
pedicel, of a very sweet, delicious taste.
Small-fruited Star Apple. Tree.
9 C. macrophy'llum (G. Don, in hort. trans. 5. p. 458.
Loud. hort. brit. p. 69.) leaves large, oblong-lanceolate, clothed
with rusty silky down beneath, Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone.
Leaves long and large. Fruit large.
Long-leaoed Star Apple. Clt. 1824. Tree 50 to 60 feet.
10 C. obova'tum (G. Don, in hort. trans. 5. p. 458,) leaves
obovate, tapering to the base, and acuminated at the apex, shining
and green above, but clothed with silvery silky white tomentum
beneath. I? , S. Native of Sierra Leone. A small branchy tree.
Obovate-XeaveA Star Apple. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
lie. a'i.bidum ; leaves elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, acumi-
nated, shining above, but clothed with white down beneath ; fruit
roundish-ovate, pointed, 5-seeded. Jj . S. Native of the
African island of St. Thomas. Flowers whitish. Perhaps a
species of Nycler'is'Uion.
WhileAeaveA Star Apple. Tree 50 to 60 feet.
12 C. HuMBOLDTl.'i'NUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 813.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, acute, attenuated at the base, shining
above, and clothed with rusty silky down beneath, h . S. Native
of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. C. acuminatum, Willd.
herb. This species is unknown to Kunth.
HumhoklCs Star Apple. Tree.
13 C. obtusa'tum (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schidtes, 1. c.)
leaves lanceolate, nerveless, acuminated, clothed with rusty
silky down beneath. Pj . S, Native of South America, on the
banks of the river Atabapo. Humb. et Bonp. Unknown to
Kunth. Perhaps C. aqiiaticum, Kunth.
B/unlish-\ea\ed Star Apple. Tree.
* * Leaves glabrous on both surfaces.
14 C. MicHiNO (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 236.)
leaves obovate, bluntish, acute at the base, quite glabrous, and
of the same colour on both surfaces, Tj . S. Native of the pro-
vince of Bracamoras, near Cavico and Matara, where it is called
Michino by the natives. Branches terete, glabrous, fuscescent.
Leaves ajiproximate, 2-3 inches long. Fruit yellow outside,
whitish and clammy inside; very grateful, edible.
Michino Star Apple. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
15 C. ? RUGosuM (Swartz. prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 484).
leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces ; fruit
nearly globose, wrinkled, acuminated. ^ . S. Native of the
west of Jamaica, on the mountains. Leaves large, obtuse, un-
dulated, paler beneath. Calyx and pedicels rusty. Corolla
with a very short tube : and ovate, obtuse segments, furnished
with 5 small secondary ones, between the others. Fruit size of
a nut, yellowish brown ; containing many oblong, compressed
seeds. This is certainly not a species of Chrysophi'/llum, from
the corollas being furnished with scales inside, as in Bumelia,
of which probably it is a species. It differs from other species
of this genus, in the leaves, flowers, and fruit.
Wrinkled-irywteA Star Apple. Tree.
16 C? MAc6ucou(Aubl. guian. 1, p. 233. t. 92.) leaves gla-
brous on both surfaces, ovate-oblong, acuminated ; fi uit pear-
shaped, yellow, glabrous, and smooth. Ij . S. Native of
Guiana. Lara. diet. l.p. 552. C. pyriforme, Willd. spec. 1. p.
1084. Bark greyish yellow. Wood hard, white. Leaves pale
green. Fruit by twos or fours, the whole length of the branches ;
having a fleshy, yellowish, thick rind, covering a nut, which is
much excavated on one side, edible. Perhaps this, with Bume-
lia nervosa, and C. rugosum, will form the genus named Vilella-
ria by Ga2rtn.
Macoucou Star Apple. Tree 30 feet.
17 C. poMiFORME (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 667.) leaves
oblong, attenuated at both ends, and quite glabrous on both
surfaces, opaque, finely and parallelly veined, coriaceous ; pedi-
cels very short, sub-aggregate ; iruit apple-shaped. Ij . S.
Native of Jamaica.
Apple-formed-fruhed Star Apple. Tree.
18 C. SEssiLiFLORUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 16.) leaves coria-
ceous, glabrous on both surfaces, obovate : with distant, alternate
nerves; flowers sessile, fasciculate. h . S. Native of Cayenne.
Form and size of the leaves that of Bumelia nervosa. Leaves
shining above, and pale beneath. Flowers downy outside,
sessile, and pedicellate.
Sessile-flowered Star Apple. Tree.
19 C. gla'brum (Jacq, amer. p. 53. t. 38. f 2. ed. pict. p. 31.
t. 55. Lin. spec. 278.) leaves ovate-oblong, quite glabrous on
both surfaces ; fruit elliptic and smooth. t^ . S. Native of
Martinico. Mill. diet. no. 2. Leaves hardly 2 inches long.
Fruit blue, form and size of a small olive, seldom eaten except
bv children.
SAPOTACE^E. VI. Ciirysophyllum. VII. Aciiras. VIII. Lucuma.
33
Jar. /3 ,• paucijlbrum (Lam. ill. no. 2 173.) leaves ovate, acu-
minated, almost glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers few together.
G/ai/oHi- Star Apple. Clt. 1823. Tree 15 feet.
20 C. KoxBURGHii ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous
on both surfaces ; fruit globose, 5-seeded. Ij . S. Native of
Silhet, where it is called F(7«^ac«. C. acuminatum, Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 3-t6, but not of Lam. Leaves with parallel veins, 3-4 inches
long. Pedicels recurved. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit size of a small
crab, yellow when ripe, smooth, and is greedily eaten by the na-
tives of Silhet, although insipid ; the pulp is tolerably firm, but
excessively clammy, adhering to the lips or knife with great
tenacity.
Roxburgh's Star Apple. Tree middle-sized.
21 C. NiTiDUM (Meyer, esseq. p. 116.) leaves oval, drawn out
at the apex, obtuse and emarginate, glabrous on both surfaces,
shining above. Ij . S. Native of the continent of America,
about Essequibo, in woods. Branches terete, clothed with
rusty, adpressed, silky tomentum, when young. Leaves 3
inches long. Calyx tomentose, with roundish segments. Corolla
downy : with ovate, obtuse, rather concave segments. Ovarium
villous. Stigma crowned by 5 tubercles, full of liquid.
<S7«/H'«jO--leaved Star Apple. Tree.
Cull. The species of Star Apple are grown in hot-houses,
only for the sake of their beautiful foliage, which are either
clothed with golden yellow, or silvery, silky, glossy down,
beneath ; for they cannot be grown for their fruit in this country,
as they never bear until they attain to large trees. A mixture of
sandy loam and peat is a good soil for them ; and cuttings taken
from ripened wood strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in
a strong moist heat.
VII. A'CHRAS {a-)0)ac, achras, the Greek name of the wild
pear.) Lin. gen. no. 438. Schreb. no. 5.38. Jacq. amer. p.
56. Juss. p, 152. R. Br. prod. p. 530. H. B. et Kunth. nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 239. — Sapota, Plum. 4. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 104.
Lin. syst. Penl/indria, Monogynia. Calyx G rarely .5-
parted. Corolla 6-cleft. Stamens 12, 6 of which are sterile
and scale-formed, alternating with the other 6, which are fertile.
Ovarium 12-6-celled. Style filiform; stigma obtuse. Fruit
12-6 seeded. Seeds or nuts compressed, bony, scraped length-
wise in front, albuminous. — Lactescent trees; with scattered,
coriaceous, quite entire leaves; and axillary, I -flowered pedun-
cles. Fruit large, edible.
1 A, Sapota (Lin. spec. 470.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, veinless, glabrous ; flowers solitary, hexandrous ; pedun-
cles and calyxes clothed with fine tomentum ; calyx G-parted.
1} . S. Native of South America, on the main land, within the
tropics. About Cumana it is called Nispero. Jacq. amer. p. 57.
t. 41. ed. pict. t. 41. Sapota A'chras, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 103. t.
104. Mill. diet. no. 1. A'chras, Browne, jam. p. 200. t. 19. Loef.
itin. p. 186. Plenck, icon. 277. Leaves 3-4 inches long.
Flowers white, scentless. Bark of tree full of cracks. Fruit
elliptic or globose, bigger than a quince, covered with a thick,
brown, scabrous rind, which, when the fruit is ripe, becomes
tough and yellowish ; the flesh is yellow, it smells well, and the
taste is agreeable to many.
lar. ft ; zapotilla (Browne and Jacq. 1. c.) fruit roundish.
J; . S. Native of Jamaica, and many parts of South America.
Sloane, hist. 2. p. 171. t. 230. p. 172. t. 169. f. 2.— Catesb. car.
2. t. 87. Fruit about the size of an apple, when ripe of a deli-
cious mellow flavour. The kernels of the seeds are bitter, and
may be used occasionally in strengthening emulsions. Called
Sapodillo tree, or small Sapota.
Common Sajmta Tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1731. Tree 10 to 50 feet.
2 A. sEssiLiFLORA (Poir. ency. 6. p. 531.) leaves c\meate-
oblong, obtuse and emarginate, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers
almost sessile, solitary. V^ . S. Native of the Mauritius-
Calyx rather downy.
Sess'dc-Jlon'cred Sapota Tree. Tree.
3 A. uosta'ta (Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 49.) leaves
obovate-elliptic, bluntish, ribbed ; pedicels and calyxes pilose ;
flowers pentandrous ; sterile filaments linear, subulate; fruit 1-
4-seeded. Vj . G. Native of Norfolk Island. Bauer, ill. pi. ins.
norf. t. 161. Fruit about the size of a walnut.
Ribbed-\ca\eA Sapota. Shrub or tree.
4 A. austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 530.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
glabrous as well as the calyxes and peduncles ; sterile filaments
linear-subulate; ovarium 6-celled. Jj . G. Native of New South
Wales. Calyx, as well as corolla, often 5-cleft.
-SoM^/fera Sapota Tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1827. Tree 20 feet ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysuplujllum, above.
VIII. LUCU'MA (the name of one of the species in Peru.)
Juss. gen. p. 152. Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 129. H. B. et Kunth.
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 239. — A'chras species, Lin, Jacq.
LiN. sYST. Pentdndria Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and scale-formed :
the other 5 fertile, alternating with sterile ones. Ovarium
10-5-celled. Fruit 1-10-seeded; nuts or seeds bony, marked
by a large umbilical areola, without albumen. — Lactescent trees,
with scattered quite entire coriaceous leaves; and 1-flowered
axillary or lateral peduncles, which are either solitary or 2-3 in
a fascicle.
1 L. mammosa (Gaertn. fil. fruct. 3. p. 129.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate, and oblong, cuspidate, glabrous ; flowers solitary.
^2 . S. Native of South America, in many places within the
tropics ; and of many of the West India Islands, where it is also
cultivated. A'chras mammosa, Lin. spec. 1. p. 469. A'chras
Sapota major, Jacq. amer. 5G. t. 182. f. 19. ed. pict. p. 32. t.
59. Sapota mammosa, Mill. diet. no. 2. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 104.
About Javita it is called Johoinco. — Sloane, jam. 2. p. 124. t.
218.— Plukn. aim. p. 39. t. 268. f. 2. A tall tree, with a
spreading head. Leaves 1-2 feet long, shining. Flowers
small, whitish. Sterile filaments subulate. The Mammee Sa-
pota, or American Marmalade, is a large oval or top-shaped
fruit, covered with a brownish, rough skin, under which is a soft
pulp, of a russet colour, very luscious, which is called natural
marmalade, from its likeness to marmalade of quinces. In the
West Indies, and parts of the main land of South America, the
tree is commonly planted in gardens for its fruit. There is a
variety of this tree called by P. Browne, the Bully tree, or
Nisberry Bully tree, because it generally grows the tallest of all
the trees in the woods ; its fruit is small, and the wood is
esteemed one of the best timbers in Jamaica.
Common or Tealcd Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1739. Tree 50
to 100 feet.
2 L. Caimito (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 701.) leaves
obovate-lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous ; flowers aggregate, te-
trandrous ; calyx glabrous ; fruit oval, 1 -seeded. >• . S.
Native of Peru, on the Andes. A'chras Caimito, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 18. t. 240. A lofty tree, with a frondose head. Fruit
softer, with a better flavour than the preceding ; pulp soft,
yellow. Corolla ovate-tubular, yellowish. Calyx 4-parted,
fulvous. The fruit is called Caimitos, and the tree Caimito,
in Peru. The wood is yellow, and used for various useful
purposes.
Caimito Mammee Sapota. Tree 50 to 100 feet.
3 L. Bonpla'ndii (Humb. mss. ex H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 240.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the
base, papery : having the nerves and veins, as well as the petioles
and calyxes, downy. Pj . S. Native of Cuba, cultivated about
the Havanna. Branchlets pilosely tomentose. Leaves 8-9 inches
F
34
SAPOTACE.'E. VIII. Lucuma. IX. Inocarpus. X. Mimusops.
long, and 2-3 broad. Calyx 9-12 parted; segments ovate, im-
bricate, pilose outside. Sterile stamens scale-formed, acumi-
nated. Fruit ovate, 4-6 inches long.
Bonpland's Mammee Sapota. CIt. 1822. Tree 60 feet.
4 L. Campeciiianum (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves oblong,
somewhat acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, gla-
brous, shining ; flowers 3 in a fascicle ; calyxes and peduncles
clothed with fine, canescent tomentum. T; . S. Native of
Mexico, about Campeche. Leaves 8-9 inches long, paler
beneath. Segments of corolla and calyx obtuse. Sterile sta-
mens scale-formed, oblong-lanceolate. Ovarium ovate, globose,
having 5 cells; cells 1-ovulate. Habit of Chrysophy'llum
macrophy'llum. Lam.
Campec/iy Mammee Sapota. Tree.
5 L. sALiciFOLiuM (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 241.) leaves lan-
ceolate, a little acuminated, narrowed at the base, membranous,
glabrous, shining ; flowers twin ; calyxes and peduncles clothed
with fine tomentum. T; . S. Native of Mexico, where it is
called Sapote-borocho. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 1 mch
broad, paler beneath. Sterile stamens lanceolate-linear, longer
than the fertile ones. Ovarium ovate, hairy.
«^(7/oH'-/ea!,W Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1823. Tree.
6 L. Tema're {H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, sub-
acuminated, narrowed at the base, undulated, membranous,
glabrous. ^ . S. Native about the Orinoco, in woods, where it
fs called Temare. Leaves 6-7 inches long, paler beneath.
Fruit ovate, fleshy, clammy, 3-seeded. Very like the preceding
species.
Teniarc Mammee Sapota. Tree.
7 L. obovVtum (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves obovate-elliptic,
rounded at the apex, acute at the base, rather membranous,
glabrous ; flowers solitary, or 2-3 together ; calyxes and pedun-
cles clothed with fine rusty down. V^ . S. Native of Peru, near
the town of Loxa, in the temperate regions, where it is called
Lucuma. A'chras Lucuma, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 17. t. 239.
Pers. syn. l.p. i>35. Tree with a globose head. Leaves 4
inches long. Flowers about the size of those of A'chras Sapdta.
Segments of calyx and corolla greenish, roundish obtuse. Sterile
stamens linear, a little ciliated. Fruit depressedly globose,
green, glabrous, yellow and clammy inside, crowned by a scaly
ring, 1-5 seeded, but usually 3-seeded. The wood is compact
and wliite, and used for various economical purposes.
06oya<e-leaved Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 to 40
feet.
t A doubtful species.
8 L. serpenta'ria (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p, 242.) leaves obo-
vate-oblong, or oblong, rounded at the apex, acute at the base,
coriaceous, quite glabrous, shining above. Pj . S. Native of
Cuba, near Regla, where it is called Sapolc de Coulevra, A
lactescent tree, with glabrous, hoary branches. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Fruit depressedly globose, edible, 5-seeded.
Serpent Mammee Sapota. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysopluj limn, p. 33.
IX. INOCA'RPUS (from <e ivoq, is inos, a fibre, and Kapnoc,
karpos, a fruit ; the nut is full of fibres.) Forst. gen. t. 33. Schreb.
gen. no. 751. Thuub. nov. gen. 45. Juss. gen. 152. Gaertn.
fruct. 3. t. 199 and 200. f. 1. Blum, bijdr. 551.
LiN. SYST. Decundria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, bifid, de-
ciduous. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-6-cleft; segments long, linear.
Stamens 10-12, disposed in two rows; filaments very short,
adnate to the corolla inside ; anthers didymous, dehiscing at
the sides. Ovarium oblong, villous, containing one pendulous
ovulum. Style none ; stigma concave. Drupe large, a little
compressed, ovate, incurved at top, containing a l-seeded nut,
7
which is covered with reticulated fibres. Albumen none. — A
tree, with long, alternate, veiny, quite entire leaves ; and axillary,
spicate racemes of flowers.
1 I. edu'lis (Forst. fl. austr. no. 197. pi. escul. 50. no. 18.
Lin. syst. 408. suppl. 239.) leaves oblong, sub-cordate at the
base ; racemes axillary, hairy ; flowers small, bracteate. fj . S.
Native of the Society and Friendly Islands, and New Hebrides,
in the South Seas ; also of Amboyna and Java. Lam. ill. t. 362.
— Rumph. anib. 1. t. 65. Forster describes this as a lofty tree,
with brown, chinky bark. Leaves sub-distich, ovate-oblong,
hardly cordate, blunt and retuse, seldom acute, a span long, and
on young trees a foot. Flowers pale yellow. In Otaheite this
tree is called Hi, and the fruit Ratla. In Mallicollo the name
of the tree is Nias ; and in Tanna, Emmer. In Cook's last
voyage, 1. p. 393, the nuts are called Eisi. The kernel of
these, which is kidney-sha])ed, and about an inch in diameter, is
eaten roasted by the inhabitants of the Society and Friendly
Islands, the New Hebrides, New Guinea, the Molluccas, &:c. It
is sweetish, but less pleasant than the chestnut, harder, and less
farinaceous. The bark is astringent, and is used in dysentery.
In New Guinea they smear the heads of their arrows with the
expressed resinous juice.
jErfifc/e Otaheite-chestnut. Clt. 1793. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
Cult. See Chrysophyllum, p. 33, for culture and propagation.
X. MIMU'SOPS (from /ji/jw, mimo, an ape; and o^ic, opsis, a
face ; so named on account of the form of the corolla.) Lin. gen.
no. 478. Gasrtn. fruct. t. 42. Juss. gen. 152. R. Br. prod. p. 530.
Lin. syst. Octdndria Monogynia. Calyx 8-6-parted ; seg-
ments disposed in a twin order. Corolla with a double row of
segments (f. 7. e.) ; outer row containing from 6 to 16 in number,
which are either entire or divided ; the inner row containing 6-8
entire segments. Antheriferous stamens 6-8, opposite the
inner segments of the corolla, alternating with as many sterile
ones (f. 7. a.) Ovarium 6-8-celled. Berry one or few-seeded,
from abortion. Seeds nucumentaceous, albuminous. — Trees
with alternate, quite entire, glabrous, coriaceous leaves ; and
axillary fascicles of 1-flowered pedicels. Flowers small, white.
Fruit edible. Old bark of trees chinky.
1 M. parvifolia (R. Br. prod. 531.) leaves oval, acuminated,
glabrous on both surfaces; peduncles 1-3 together, exceeding the
petioles a little, which are tomentose. I7 . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. Very like M. Elengi, whose
peduncles are more numerous, and shorter than the petioles,
which are glabrous.
Small-leaved Mimusops. Clt. 1824. Tree.
2 M. acumina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 672.) leaves oval, acumi-
nated, rather unequal at the base. Tj . S. Native of Java, on
the Seribu mountains, where it is called Genkot.
Acummated-\ea\ed Mimusops. Tree SO to 120 feet.
3 M. Ele'ngi (Lin. spec. 497.) rrp 7
leaves oval-lanceolate, or oblong,
acuminated, glabrous ; pedicels
many together, shorter than the
petioles, which are glabrous.
Ij . S. Native of the East
Indies, where it is much planted
on account of its fragrant
flowers, which come out chiefly
in the hot season. Gsertn. fruct.
1. p. 198. t. 42. Roxb. cor. 1.
p. 15. t. 14. Lam. ill. t. 300.
Bacula, Roxb. asiat. res. 4. p.
273.— Rumph. amb. 2. p. 189.
t. 63. Elengi, Rheed. mal. 1. p.
34. t. 20.— Plukn. aim. 203.
SAPOTACEiE. X. Mimusops. XI. Imbricauia. XII. Omphalocarpum. XIII. Bassia.
35
— Breyn. cent. 20. t. 8. — Burm. zeyl. 27. Flowers middle-sized,
drooping, white. Segments of corolla lanceolate, and a little
torn at their tips. Berry ovate, with a slight groove on one
side, dotted, yellow when ripe. Elengi is the Malabar name of
the tree ; Bukul is the Bengalese name ; ISIuhari is the Hindos-
tance name ; Pagadoo of the Telingas.
Elengi Mimusops. CIt. 179C. Tree 15 feet.
4 M. Kau'ki (Lin. spec. 4-97.) leaves obovate, very blunt,
silvery or hoary beneath, hardly 3 times as long as the petioles,
crowded at the ends of the branches ; flowers fascicled, hexan-
drous. V; . S. Native of the East Indies and New Holland,
within the tropic. Benectaria, Forst. descrip. p. 82. — Rumph.
amb. 3. t. 19. t. 8. Fruit oval, drooping, edible.
Kauhi Mimusops. Clt. 179C. Tree 30 feet.
5 M. OBTusiFOLiA (Lam. diet. 4. p. 186. Blum, bijdr. 675.)
leaves oval-oblong, obtuse and emarginate, attenuated a little
at the base, coriaceous, with revoUite edges. T^ . S. Native
of Java, in gardens, where it is called Kainbang Tanjong ; and
of the Mauritius. Branches thick, like those of a species of
Acliras, Leaves crowded at the tops of the branches.
Blunt-leaved Mimusops. Tree.
6 JNI. hexa'ndra (Koxb. cor. 1. p. 10. t. 16.) leaves obovate,
deeply emarginate, green and shining on both surfaces ; pedicels
1-6 together, nearly as long as the petioles, which are smooth.
Jj . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars. Leaves
3-5 inches long, and 1 to 2 broad. Calyx 6-parted. Corolla
having the inner row of segments 6, and the outer 12. Antheri-
ferous stamens 6. Berry size and shape of an olive, yellow.
The wood of this species being remarkably heavy, is much used
by the washermen to beetle their cloth on.
Hexandrous ^\\m\\%o\)s,. Clt. 1804. Tree 20 foot.
7 M. Balota (Gael tn. fil. fruct. vol. 3. ex Blum. bijJr. 673.)
leaves obovate, sub-eraarginate. Tj. S. Java, in gardens.
Balota Mimusops. Fl. July. Tree 30 feet.
8 M. disse'cta (R. Br. prod. p. 530.) leaves obovate, bluntly
emarginate, glabrous ; peduncles crowded, length of petioles,
which are glabrous. 1^ . S. Native of the island of Tonga-
tabu. A'chras dissecta, Forst. pi. escul. no. 13. fl. aust. 155.
Lin. syst. 342. Flowers white. Fruit about the size of an
olive, edible. Hardly distinct from M. hexdndra, Roxb. Ova-
rium 6-celled. Flowers 8-cleft.
Dissected-RowereA Mimusops. Clt. 1 804. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
9 M. Manilka^ra ; leaves obovate, obtuse, glabrous, on pe-
tioles an inch long ; pedicels crowded, length of petioles ; flowers
6-cleft. h . S. Native of Malabar and the Philippine islands.
Manilkara, Rheed. mal. 4. p. 53. t. 25. Flowers white, about
half an inch in diameter. This tree is cultivated in Malabar for
the fruit, which is of the form and size of an olive, succulent,
the pulp of a sweetish acid flavour, containing only 1 or 2 seeds.
The leaves are used for cataplasms to tumours, being bruised
and boiled with the root of Curcuma and the leaves of ginger.
It is supposed to be a native of the Philippine Islands, where it
is called i\IanUkara and Mand-gale. It probably also grows
in China, for the Dutch call it Chineesche Irruxjen.
Man'd-kara Mimusops. Tree.
10 M. Lu'ciDA (Wall. cat. no. 4147.) leaves glabrous, rusty
beneath, dark green and shining above, elliptic-lanceolate, with
an obtuse acumen ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ; calyx having
the 4 outer segments roundish and imbricate, shorter than the
4 inner ones ; style exserted. Ij . S. Native of Penang.
Shinhig-\eei\eA Mimusops. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysoplujllum, p. 33.
XI. IMBRICA'RIA (from imbrico, to cover with tiles; from
the wood being used ibr roofing houses). Commers. Juss. gen.
p. 152. Lam. ill. t. 300, R. Br. prod. 531.
Lin. syst. Octdndr'ia, Monogijnia. Calyx 8-parted, cori-
aceous : the segments disposed in a twin order. Corolla having
the segments disposed in 3 rows, those in the middle row op-
posite those of the outer row, all trifid, 8 in each row.? Sta-
mens 16, 8 antheriferous : and 8 sterile, filiform, inflexed, altern-
ating with the fertile ones. Fruit large, globular, 8-celled,
8-seeded, many of the cells as well as seeds becoming abortive.
Seeds irregularly crested towards tiie umbilicus. — Trees, natives
of the Isle of Bourbon and the Mauritius ; with entire, glabrous,
coriaceous leaves ; and axillary fascicles of white, pedicellate
flowers.
1 I. CoMMERsoNii ; leaves broad, obovate, rusty beneath,
scattered, coriaceous, emarginate at apex, pale green and shining
above ; pedicels thick, angular, aggregate. ^i . S. Native of
the Mauritius and Java, in gardens, Mimusops Imbricaria,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 326. Blum, bijdr. 675.
Conimersons Imbricaria. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysophyllmn, p. 33.
XII. OMPHALOCA'RPUM (o/j^nXor, omphalos, a navel, and
napTrof, karpos, a fruit ; the fruit is depressed and hollowed at
the apex). Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 6. t. 5-6.
LiN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx many-parted,
squarrose ; scales 11-12, imbricated, obtuse, villous outside.
Corolla with a short tube : having the segments disposed in 2
rows, 6-7 in each row, those of the outer row equal, ovate : those
of the inner row fringed and alternating with those in the outer
row. Stamens 30-40, disposed in unequal series. Style simple,
filiform ; stigma simple, sub-capitate, scabrous. Fruit large,
solid, woody, roundish, umbilicate about the style, many-celled ;
cells 1 -seeded. — A tall tree, with lanceolate, shining leaves, and
sessile, aggregate, or solitary pink flowers rising from the trunk.
1 O. proce'rim (Beauv. 1. c-). h . S. Native of western
Africa, in the kingdom of Warree, at Bucnopozo, behind the
kingdom of Galbar.
Tall Omphalocarpum. Tree very large.
Cull. See Ckrysophyllum, p. 33. for culture and propagation.
XIII. BA'SSIA (named by Konig in honour of Ferdinand
Bassi, Curator of the botanic garden at Bologna). Keen, in
Lin. gen. ed. Reich, no. 645. Schreb. 105. Juss. gen. 152.
Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 104. t. 104. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Dodecdndria Monogifnia. Calyx 4-5-parted,
coriaceous. Corolla carapanulate, with an 8-patted limb; tube
inflated, ovate, fleshy. Stamens 16, disposed in 2 rows ; fila-
ments subulate, combined at the base ; anthers linear, sagittate,
villous outside. Ovarium ovate, 6-S-celled. Style subulate ;
stigma acute. Fruit fleshy, 5-8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds
oblong, somewhat trigonal, exalbuminous. — Lactescent trees,
with quite entire, smooth, coriaceous leaves ; and axillary, soli-
tary, or aggregate flowers.
1 B. longif6lia (Lin. syst. p. 44. mant. pp. 555. and SPi'i.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, sinooth ; pedicels axillary, drooping,
crowded round the ends of the branchlets ; stamens 16-20,
within the gibbous tube of the corolla. >j . S. Native
of Malabar, Coromandel, and Ceylon ; in the former place it is
called IlUpe, and in the latter Mielc. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 104.
Lam. ill. t. 398. A lofty tree, with recurved branches, which
are clothed with grey down. Leaves approximate at the tops
of the branches, 6 inches long, deciduous. Peduncles at length
elongated and drooping, crowded round the ends of the young
shoots. Seeds smooth, shining yellow. This tree is called by
the Tamuls Illiepi or Illcepie. The oil pressed from the fruit
is used for lamps ; it is the principal ingredient in makmg
country soap. It is to the common people a substitute in place
of ghee and cocoa-nut oil in their curries and other dishes.
F 2
36
SAPOTACE.E. XIII. Bassia. XIV. Labatia.
They make cakes of it, and many of the poor get their liveli-
hood by selling these sweet oil cakes. The cake, left after the
oil is expressed, is used for washing the head, and is carried as
a small article of trade to those countries where these trees are
not to be found. The flowers, which fall in May, are gathered
by the common people, dried in the sun, roasted, and eaten
as food. They are also bruised and boiled to a jelly, and made
into small balls, which they sell, or exchange for fish, rice, &c.
The leaves are boiled with water, and given as a medicine in
several diseases. The milk of the green fruit, and of the tender
bark is given also as a medicine. The bark is a cure for the
itch. The wood is as hard and as durable as teak, but not
so easily worked, nor is it procurable of such a length. Squir-
rels, lizards, country dons, and jack.als eat the flowers, and the
report is that the latter are apt to grow mad by too much feed-
ing on them.
Long-leaved Cassia. Clt. 1811. Tree 40 feet.
2 B. SERicEA (Blum, bijdr. 671'.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, clothed with silky down beneath ; peduncles axil-
lary, crowded, 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles. Tj . S.
Native of Java, in woods, in the province of Tjanjor, on the
mountains of Parang. Perhaps suflnciently distinct from B.
longijblia .
SUIcy Bassia. Fl. July. Tree 40 to 50.
3 B. LATiFOMA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 20. t. 19.) leaves oblong
or elliptic ; pedicels drooping, terminal ; stamens 20-30, within
the gibbous tube of the corolla, on short filaments. tj . S.
Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Bengal and the
Circars. Madhnca is the Sanscrit name, see asiat. res.
vol. 2. p. 301. and 4. p. 280. Lpte is the Telinga name;
Ma/iva, Muhooa, and Muhoola of the Bengalese. Corolla thick
and fleshy, with a more than 8-lobed limb ; lobes cordate.
Leaves smooth above and whitish beneath, 4-8 inches long and
2-4 broad. Limb of corolla 7-14-parted. Berry I-4-seeded.
The wood is hard, very strong, and proper for naves of wheel
carriages. The flowers are eaten raw by the natives of the
mountainous parts of the Circars, and by jackals. An ardent
spirit is distilled from them by the hill peo|)le, which is strong
and intoxicating. The seeds yield a large quantity of oil by
expression, which is used only by the poorer people to burn.
On the apices of the flowers, before they open, there is fre-
quently a drop of whitish, soft, tasteless resin to be found.
Broad-leaved Baasia. Clt. 1799. Tree 40 feet.
4 B. obova'ta (Forst. prod. no. 200.) leaves obovate ; pedi-
cels aggregate, terminal. Tj . S. Native of the Isle of Tanna.
06ot)n(e-leaved Bassia. Tree.
5 B. cunea'ta (Blum, bijdr. 675.) leaves cuneate-oblong,
bluntish, glabrous; peduncles subumbellale, axillary, 1-flowered,
about equal in length to the petioles. Ij . S. Native of Java,
on mounts Salak and Gede. Very nearly allied to B. oho-
vata.
Cuneated-\ea\eA Bassia, Fl. Aug. Tree 60 to 80 feet.
6 B. Pa'rkii ; leaves obovate, coriaceous. Tj . S. Native
of Africa, in the kingdom of Bambara. This is the Shea tree
mentioned by Mungo Park in his travels ; of which he says, " the
people were every where employed in collecting the fruit of the
Shea trees, from which they prepare a vegetable butter. These
trees," he says, " grow in abundance all over this part of Bambara.
It is not cultivated by the natives, but grows wild in the woods,
and in clearing woodlands for cultivation every tree is cut
down but the Shea. The butter is obtained from the kernel
of the fruit, first dried in the sun; and is prepared by boiling
the kernel in water, which has somewhat the appearance of a
Spanish olive. The kernel is enveloped in a sweet pulp, under
a thin green rind, and the butter produced from it, besides the
advantage of its keeping the whole year round without salt,
is whiter, firmer, and, to my palate, of a better flavour than the
best butter I ever tasted, made of cows' milk. The growth and
preparation of this commodity appears to me to be one of the
first objects of the natives in this and the neighbouring states,
as it constitutes the main article of inland commerce. The
butter serves also for every domestic purpose in which oil would
otherwise be used ; the demand for it is therefore great. iS7(ea
Toulon literally means, in the language of the Africans, tree-
butter."— Park, trav. p. 26. pp. 202, 203.
Park's Bassia. African Butter Tree, or Shea Tree. Tree
30 to 40 feet.
7 B. butyra'cea (Roxb. asiat. res. 8. p. 477. fl. ind. p. 527.
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 146.) leaves obovate, tomentose be-
neath ; pedicels aggregate, and are as well as the calyxes
woolly ; anthers glabrous, subulate at the apex. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Nipaul, at Narainhetty ; and on the Almora hills. Leaves
a span long and 4-5 inches broad, coriaceous, obovate, or
obovate-oblong. Drupe oval. Corolla thin, 8-cleft. Stamen.s
30-40, on longish filaments. B. hutyracea is called Fulnah
or Phulwarah in Almorah. It produces a pure vegetable
butter. The kernels of the fruit are bruised into the consis-
tence of cream, which is then put into a cloth bag, with a
moderate weight laid upon it, and left to stand till the oil or
fat is expressed, which becomes immediately of the consistence
of hogs'-lard, and is of a delicate white colour. Its uses in
medicine are much esteemed in rheumatism and contractions
of the limbs. It is also used by the natives of rank per-
fumed as an unction. The pulp of the fruit is eaten by some.
Buttery Bassia. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
8 B. ? DU^BiA (Gcertn. fruct. 2. t. 105.). T^ . S. Native of
the East Indies. — Rumph. amb. 3. t. 184.? Seeds large, half-
moon shaped, shiny, bony, of a dark chestnut colour, except
the rugged, pale, almost white, umbilical area. It is not said
whether the seeds are albuminous or exalbuminous, in which
case the genus to which this tree belongs is very doubtful.
Doubtful Bassia. Tree.
9 B. viLLosA (Wall. cat. no. 4165.) leaves broad-oblong-
obovate, obtuse, villous beneath, glabrous and green above ;
pedicels aggregate, and are, as well as the flowers, villous.
Vl . S. Native on the Taong Dong mountains, near Ava.
Villous Bassia. Tree.
10 B.? polya'ntha (Wall. cat. no. 4166.) glabrous; leaves
coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-obovate, acutish, rusty
beneath ; pedicels aggregate, rusty, and are, as well as the
calyxes downy ; petals entire. I^ . S. Native of Silhet.
Many-flowered Bassia. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see C'hrysoj)lujllmn, p. 33.
XIV. LABATIA (so named after J. Baptiste Labat, a Do-
minican friar, a great writer and traveller ; author of Voyage
aux Antilles, Paris. 1721 and 1743. 12mo. ; Haye, 1724. 4to. ;
Voyages en Espagne et en Italic, Paris, 1730. &'c.). Svvartz,
prod. p. 32. (exclusive of Pouteria, Aubl.) fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 264.
Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 70.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, the 2
outer segments the largest. Corolla tubularly urceolate, 4-
cleft, furnished with as many scales (abortive stamens), in the
incisures between the lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in the bottom
of the corolla. Anthers ovate. Berry hard, roughish, 4-celled,
rarely 2-celled. Seeds with a thick crustaceous testa, attached
to parietal placentas. — Evergreen trees. Leaves sub-alternate,
crowded towards the tops of the branches, quite entire, firm,
exstipulate, furnished with shining pili, which are attached by
their middle. Flowers small, axillary, aggregate, on short pedi-
cels. Fruit brownish.
1 L. macroca'rton (Mart, nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 71. t. 160.)
SAPOTACE^. XV. PouTERiA. XVI. Piielline. XVIT. Montabea. EBENACEiE.
37
leaves oblong lanceolate ; flowers on sliort pedicels : berry large,
roughish from powder. 1; . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Rio Negro, on the shady banks, in humid places, of
the river Japura. Corolla white, hardly higher than the calyx.
Leaves a span long.
Large -fruited Labatia. Tree 50 feet.
2 L. sEssiLiFLORA (Swartz, prod. p. 23. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
261-.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acimiinated, silvery, but of a
golden silky colour in the young state ; flowers small, sessile,
usually solitary, in the axils of the leaves on the older branches,
fj . S. Native of Hispaniola. Flowers white.
Scssile-Jiowered Labatia. Shrub 8 feet.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Chrysophy'llum, p. ^3.
XV. POUTERIA (called in Guiana Pourama-Pouteri by
the Caribs). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 86. t. 33. — Labatia species,
Swartz.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynta. Calyx 4-parted. Co-
rolla inserted in the bottom of the calyx, tubularly ventricose,
4-cleft, furnished with a bristle (abortive stamens) in each of
the incisures between the lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in the
bottom of tiie corolla. Stigma 4-cleft. Capsule ovate, hispid,
4-valved, each valve containing an almond-formed arillate seed.
— A tree, furnished with tufts of leaves at the tops of the
branches. Flowers aggregate, axillary, pedicellate, usually 1-3
together.
1 P. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c). V^ . S. Native of Guiana,
in forests by the river Sinemari. Labatia Guianensis, Swartz.
Bark wrinkled. Wood hard, compact, whitish. Leaves alter-
nate, glabrous, ovate-oblong, firm, ending in a blunt point ; the
largest 8 inches long and 3 wide. Corollas greenish,
Guiana Pouteria. Fl. Nov. Tree 40 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysophy'llum, p. 33.
XVI. PHELLFNE {(ptWunj, from 0fX\oc, phellos, cork;
because of the cells of the capsule being corky). Labill. sert.
cal. 35. t. 38.
LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogyiiia. Calyx sinall, 4-toothed,
permanent. Corolla subrotate, 4-parted. Stamens 4, inserted in
the bottom of the corolla. Style short. Stigma 4-toothed. Cap-
sule 4-celled : cells corky, dehiscing inside. Seeds solitary. —
A shrub, with linear-lanceolate, sub-spatulate, alternate leaves,
which are crowded at the tops of the branches, acuminated, a
little toothed, glabrous, glaucous beneath, and with thickish
reflexed edges. This genus is nearly allied to Pouteria, Aubl.
and Labatia, Swartz.
1 P. coMosA (Labill. 1. c). Ij . G. Native of New Cale-
donia.
TuftedAeaveA Phelline. Shrub 8 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Sersalisia, p. 27.
XVII. MONTA^BEA (Aimont-Abou is the Guiana name of
the first species) Aubl. guian. 2. p. 680. t. 274. — Mutabea,
Gmel. — Cryptostomum, Willd. — Ac6sta, Ruiz et Pav. gen. pi.
per. et chil. p. 1. t. 1.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogyiiia. Calyx tubular, ventri-
cose at the base : witii 5 unequal obtuse segments. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a very short tube, fixed to the mouth
of the calyx; segments 5, unequal, oblong, obtuse, mucro-
nulate. Nectary monophyllous, closing the corolla, or sta-
mens 5, combined into 1 filament, fixed to the superior part of
the tube of the corolla, 5-toothed, incurved at top, with an
anther on each of the teeth, Stigma globose, obtuse. Berry 3-
5-celled, 3-5-seeded. Seeds involved in pulp, arillate, umbilicate,
on one side. — Sarmentose shrubs, with alternate, entire leaves ;
and short, few-flowered, axillary peduncles. Flowers small, white.
1 M. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian, 2. p. 680. t. 274.) branches
sarmentose, unarmed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ;
peduncles short, 4-5-flowered ; anthers 5. Tj . S. Native of
Guiana and Cayenne, in fields. Mutabea Guianensis, Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 1009. Cryptostomum laurifolium, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1061. Stems sarmentose, twisted. Leaves 4 inches long
and 14 broad. Flowers small, white, smelling like those of
Lilac. Berry yellow, 3-celled, 3-seeded.
Guiana Montabea. Shrub 6 feet, rambling.
2 M. Aco'sT^E (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 527.) branches sar-
mentose, prickly ; prickles recurved ; leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, glabrous ; anthers 8, combined ; fruit 5-celled, 5-seeded.
T? . S. Native of Peru, in groves, at Cuchero and Chincao.
Acosta aculeata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 5. t. 6. Spikes
crowded. Flowers white. Fruit yellow, size of an apple.
Seeds fulvous. From the similitude of the fruit to that of
jfchras Caimito, it is called Caimito de Monte, and is edible,
and grateful to the taste.
Acosta s Montabea. Fl. May. Shrub sarmentose.
Cult. See Chrysophy'llum, p. 33, for culture and propagation.
Order CXLVI. EBENA'CE.S; (so called from containing
the Diospyrus Ebenum, the true Ebony.) Vent. tabl. 443.
R. Br. prod. p. 524. Guaiacanse, part I. p. 155. Ebenaceae,
Tribe Diosp^rese, D. C. et Dub. fl. fr. 320.
Flowers polygamous or dioecious, rarely hermaphrodite.
Calyx 3-6 parted, nearly equal, permanent. Corolla mo-
nopetalous, hypogynous, regular, rather coriaceous, for the
most part downy outside, and glabrous inside, deciduous ;
limb 3-6-parted, imbricate in jestivation. Stamens definite,
epipetalous or hypogynous ; filaments double the number
of the segments of the corolla, sometimes 4 times that num-
ber ; sometimes equal in number to the segments, and alternat-
ing with them ; in hermaphrodite flowers the filaments are
simple ; in polygamous and dioecious ones, they are double,
having both the segments bearing anthers, the inner segment
usually shorter than the outer one ; anthers fixed by the base,
lanceolate, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise, sometimes bearded ;
pollen smooth, globose. Ovarium sessile, many-celled, not
girded by a disk ; cells 1-2 seeded ; ovula hanging from the top
of the cells. Style divided, rarely simple ; stigmas bifid or
trifid. Berry globose or oval, usually few-seeded, by abortion :
having the bark or rind sometimes separating. Testa of seed
membranous ; proper membrane obsolete. Albumen conform-
ing to the seed, cartilaginous, white. Embryo slender, rather
oblique, straight, white, usually longer than half the length of the
albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous, rather veiny, lying on each
other, sometimes a little separate ; radicle terete, middle-sized
or long, tending to the umbilicus ; plumule inconspicuous.
— Non-lactescent trees and shrubs, with wood heavy as the
Ebony. Leaves alternate, ex-stipulate, quite entire, coria-
ceous, broadish, having the petioles obsoletely articulated to the
branches. Inflorescence axillary ; peduncles solitary, those
bearing the male flowers divided, and those bearing the female
flowers usually simple and 1 -flowered, all minutely bracteate.
This order is nearly allied to Oleince, with which it agrees in
the interior structure and placentation of the seeds ; but it differs
in the leaves being alternate, in the inflorescence being always
axillary, and in the flowers being unisexual, and in the sta-
38
EBENACEiE. I. Diospyros.
mens being double, &c., while the flowers of Olmics are her-
maphrodite, and the stamens simple.
Some of the order are hardy trees or shrubs, with deciduous
leaves and white flowers, natives of woods, mountains, and banks
of streams, in North America, Europe, and New Holland.
Others are tropical evergreens. Of the latter, many of the
Diospijri produce edible fruit ; as, for example, the Mahola of
the Piiilippine Islands, which is as large as a peach ; and the
Kdki of Japan, which resembles an apricot. All these fruits are
remarkable for their extreme austerity before maturity, and the
necessity of letting them decay like the medlars before they are
fit for the table. These are also distinguished for the excessive
hardness of their wood, and for the black colour it sometimes
acquires when old, as the Ebony. The bark of Diospyros
Virginmna is used in North America in intermittent fevers.
S'jnopsis of the genera.
1 DiosPY^ROS. Flowers polygamous. Calyx deeply 4-cleft,
sometimes 3-6 cleft. Corolla urceolate, with the same number
of divisions as in the calyx. Stamens in the male flowers, twice
the number of the segments of the corolla.
2 Embryopteuis. All as in Diospyros, except in the stamens
of the male flowers being 4 times the number of the segments of
the corolla.
3 Para LEA. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla thick, with a short tube
and a 4-cleft limb. Stamens in the male flowers 4 times the
number of the segments of the corolla, with simple filaments ; in
the hermaphrodite flowers about 8, and the ovarium 8-celled, 8-
seeded.
4 Roye'na. This genus differs from Diosjyyros in the flowers
being hermaphrodite, and usually 5-cleft, in the filaments being
simple, and in the ovarium being 4-6-8-celled.
5 Diplone'ma. Flowers polygamous ; stamens in the male
flowers 4 times the number of the segments of the corolla ; fila-
ments double ; anthers bearded. Ovarium 4-6-celled.
6 Diclidanthe'ra. Flowers hermaphrodite, pentamerous. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; anthers sessde, 2-valved from the base,
probably double. Berry 5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; some of the
cells abortive.
7 Cargillia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx semi-4-cleft. Co-
rolla with a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 8 ; filaments double. Ova-
rium 4-celled.
8 Ma'ba. Flowers dioecious. Calyx semi-trifid. Corolla
urceolate, 3-cleft. Stamens 3-6 ; filaments simple, or the alter-
nate ones are twin. Ovarium 3-celled.
I. DIOSPY'ROS (from Iioq, dios, divine ; and irupoc, J'y'os,
wheat ; divine wheat ; called by Pliny Granum Jovis, or Jupiter's
Wheat.) Lin. gen. no. 1161. Juss. gen. 156. Gaertn. fruct.
2. p. 478. t. 179. R. Br. prod. p. 525.— Ebenus, Comm —
Guaiacana, Tourn. 371.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioccia. Flowers polyijamous. Ca-
lyx deeply 4-cleft, sometimes 3 or 6-cleft. Corolla urceolate,
4-cleft, sometimes 3 or 6-cleft. Male flowers having the sta-
mens inserted by pairs into the base of the corolla, twice the
number of its segments, with double or twin filaments, and the
rudiment of a pistil. Hermaphrodite flowers, having fewer and
sterile .stamens. Ovarium 8-12-celled; cells 1 -seedbed. Berry
globose, with a spreading calyx, which is at length reflexed.
Albumen horny. Trees and shrubs. Flowers white, or pale
yellow.
* Leaves downy beneath.
1 D. LOTOS (Lin. spec. 1510.) leaves oblong, acuminate,
downy beneath ; leaf-buds hairy inside. 1? . H. Native of the
southern parts of Caucasus, woods of Hyrcania, and the whole
coast of the Caspian, Italy, and Mauritania. Willd. spec. 4. p.
407. Mill. icon. t. 116. Pall, fl.ross. 1 . p. 20. t. 58.— Wangh.
amer. 84. t. 28. f. 58. Ger. emac. 1495. f. 1.— Park, theatr.
1523. f. 3. Flowers small, reddish white. Fruit size of a
cherry, yellow when ripe, sweet with astringency ; it is recom-
mended as a cure for diarrhoea.
European Lotos, or Common Date Plum. Fl. Jidy. Clt.
1596. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
2 D. pube'scens (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 265.) leaves
oblong, acute, downy beneath ; petioles long; fruit few-seeded.
Ij . H. Native of North America, in the lower counties of Vir-
ginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Though Michx. in his abr. for.
makes this as only a variety of D. Virginiana ; Pursh con-
siders it a distinct species, not only on account of the diflPerence
in the structure of the fruit, but in the shape and downiness of
the leaves.
£)ojray-leaved Date Plum. Fl. April. Clt. 1812. Tree 20
to 30 feet.
3 D. Orixe'nsis (Klein, ex Willd. 1. c.) leaves oblong, obtuse
at the base, acutish at the apex, glabrous above, and clothed
with fine soft down beneath. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Orixa Date Plum. Tree.
4 D. TOMENTosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 532.) dioecious ; all
the tender parts downy ; leaves opposite and alternate, oval,
entire ; male peduncles 3-flowered : calyx and corolla gibbous,
4-toothed : stamens 12; female flowers having the calyx and
corolla 5-parted ; berry 5-seeded. h . S. Native of the nor-
thern parts of Bengal ; and is the Ebony of that country.
Kakindoo is the Sanscrit name ; and Kyou is the Bengalese
name. Leaves deciduous. Male flowers whitish. Styles 2.
Berry size of a pigeon's egg, yellow when ripe, and filled with
a soft edible pulp.
Tomentose Date Plum. Tree tall.
5 D. hirsu'ta (Lin. syst. 918. suppl. 440.) branches and
underside of leaves villous ; leaves elliptic, obtuse ; flowers
aggregate, sessile. Pj . S. Native of Ceylon. Hardly dis-
tinct from Royena.
Hairy Date Plum. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
6 D. CHLOROXYLON (Iloxb. cor. 1. p. 38. t. 49.) spiny; leaves
oval, villous beneath, h^ . S. Native of the East Indies, on the
coast of Coromandel, among the Circars. Branches furnished
with strong spines. Male flowers with about 12 stamens, and
16 anthers ; and the hermaphrodite ones vvith 8 single filaments.
Styles 4. Berry 2-3-seeded. The tree is called Nella-woolimera
by the Telingas.
Green-wooded Daie VXum. Clt. 1822. Tree.
7 D. coRDiFOLiA (Roxb. 1. c. t. 50.) spiuy ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, cordate, downy beneath. Tj. S. Native of the East
Indies, every where. Spines strong, usually branched. Male
flowers with 8 double filaments ; hermaphrodite flowers with
12 single filaments. Styles 4. Berry 8-seeded. Tumala is
the Sanscrit name of the tree ; Kok-wooUmera is the Telinga
name ; and Bun Gauh the Bengalese name.
Heart-leaved Date VXum. Clt. 1794. Tiee.
8 D. salkifolia (Willd. spec. 4. p. 407.) leaves lanceolate, ob-
tuse, acute at the base, downy beneath, hoary while young.
fj . S. Native of South America.
Willow-leaved Date Plum. Tree.
9 D. deca'ndra (Lour. coch. p. 227.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
EBENACE^E. I. Diospybos.
39
late, woolly ; flowers quadrifid or quinquefid. '; . G. Native
of Cochin China. Fhiweis white. IJerry large, nearly globular,
umbilicate, pulpy, yellowish when ripe. The fruit has an auste-
rity mixed with its sweetness, with a disagreeable smell ; it is,
however, eaten and sold in the markets, in the northern provinces
of Cochin China. The wood, when of sufficient age, is excellent
for cabinet and all elegant work, being of a compact, fine, regular
grain, heavy, very white, veined with black, and sometimes
black at the heart.
Decandrous Date Plum. Tree 30 to 10 feet.
10 D. ruBE'scENs (Pers. ench. 2. p. 625.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, downy beneath, as well as the branches. T; . S, Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. D. hirsuta, Pers. The leaves of
this, and D. lycioides, are small and sub-fasciculate, and there-
fore have not the habit of the other species. They are closely
allied to Roijena.
Downy Date Plum. Tree.
11 D. RUGULOsA (R. Br. prod. p. 526.) leaves elliptic-acumi-
nated, tomentose beneath, and a little wrinkled, simple and
bluntish at the base ; flowers quadrifid. Tj . S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Wrinkled Da.xe V\\xm. Clt. 1823. Tree.
12 D. psiDioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 254.)
leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, acute at the base,
glabrous and shining above, clothed with fine down beneath ;
flowers trifid. '- . S. Native of Peru, near Guayaquil, on the
shores of the Pacific Ocean. Leaves 4 inches long. Fruit
solitary, at first yellow, then red, edible, with an ungrateful
smell, and an insipid taste, 6-celled ; an inch in diameter.
Gtuiva-likc Date Plum. Tree 12 to 20 feet.
13 D. Acapulce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate, acute, cuneated at the base, hairy on both surfaces,
but more particularly beneath ; flowers trifid. T3 . S. Native
of New Spain, near Acapulco. D. salicifolia, Willd. spec. 4. p.
1112? Leaves canescent beneath, 2^ inches long. Berry soli-
tary, size of tlie preceding, nearly globose.
Acapulco Date Plum. Tree 12 to 20 feet.
14 D. conduplica'ta (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, conduplicate, smoothish above,
but downy beneath, especially on the nerves and veins ; flowers
trifid. T; . S. Native of Peru, near Guayaquil. Leaves 4 to
4| inches long, paler beneath. Peduncles 3-flovvered. Corolla
greenish, clothed with silky hairs. Stamens 5-8, unequal.
Condui)licate-\ea.vedi Date Plum. Tree 12 to 20 feet.
15 D. macrophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. p. 670.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, and sometimes sub-
cordate, coriaceous, glabrous, tomentose on the midrib beneath,
as well as on the branchlets ; racemes axillary, rarely supra-
axillary, few-flowered ; lower female flowers almost solitary, 5-
cleft. \i . S. Native of Java, on the Seribu and Parang
mountains. Sec, called Kitjallung by the natives.
Long-leaved Date Plum. Fl. Feb. Tree 60 feet.
16 D. piLosiu'scuLA (Wall. cat. no. 4132.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base, pilose on the mid-rib
and margins while young ; pedicels lateral, solitary ; calyx
pilose : segments 4, lanceolate, acuminated ; young branches
villous. fj . S. Native of Silhet.
Rather Hairy Date Plum. Shrub or tree.
* * Leaves glabrous.
17 D. oETusiFOLiA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1112. H. B. et Kunth.
1. c. t. 247.) leaves oblong, obtuse, acute and revolute at the
base, glabrous, shining above ; flowers quinquefid. ^j . G.
Native of Mexico, near Cuernavaca, where it is called Sapole
A^eg'ro, by the natives. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Stamens 10-12.
Fruit depressedly globose, 3-4 inches in diameter, black, edible.
Obtuse-leaved Date Plum. Tree tall.
18 D. serra'ta (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
143.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ; petioles
short, and are, as well as the branchlets, villous ; pedicels lateral,
aggregate, drooping, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy ;
stigmas 3, long, acute ; flowers quinquefid. ^ . G. Native of
Nipaul, at Narainhetty, where it is called, by the Newar people,
yela7ig. Termstrce'mia bifaria, Hamilt. mss. Leaves 2-4
inches long. Ovarium 6-celled. Berry 3-celled, many-seeded.
Perhaps a distinct genus.
Serrated-leaved Date Plum. Tree large.
19 D. cerasifolia (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 144.) leaves
elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; petioles short, and are, as well as
the branchlets, downy ; pedicels lateral, drooping, aggregate,
and are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; stigmas 3, acute ; flowers
quinquefid. ? Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty.
D. fccminea, Hamilt. mss. This species agrees in character
with the preceding, and will probably, with it, constitute a new
genus.
Cherry-leaved Date Plum. Tree.
20 D. frute'scens (Blum, bijdr. p. 668.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, acutish at the base, glabrous, shining ; fascicles of
flowers crowded, axillary and lateral ; flowers quadrifid.
H . S. Native of Java, on the banks of the river Tjisedanie,
near Rompien, in the province of Buitenzorg.
Far. /3 ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated ; ultimate
branches downy. h . S. Native of the Island of Nusae Kam-
banga, where it is called Tallak.
Shrubby Date Plum. Fl. May, Nov. Shrub.
21 D. Virginia'na (Lin. spec. 1510.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, glabrous, shining above, and paler beneath, re-
ticulatcly veined ; petioles short, and curved, and are, as well
as the branchlets, downy ; leaf-buds glabrous ; flowers quadri-
fid, rarely quinquefid. fj . H. Native of Virginia, Carolina,
and Pennsylvania, in woods ; or from New York to Louisiana.
Mill. fig. 126. Wats, dendr. brit. 146.— Park. par. 570. t. 569.
f. 6. Guajacana, Catesb. car. 2. t. 76. — Pluk. aim. 244. f. 5.
Flowers pale yellow. Fruit form and size of a date, or common
plum, golden yellow when ripe. It is austere when fresh,
like the medlar ; but when mellowed by the frost, it is then
very sweet and glutinous, with very little austerity. In North
America it makes a palatable liquor with malt ; there is also
a spirit distilled from it. The wood is very hard, but brittle and
white : it is very good for joiners' tools, such as planes, &c., but
it soon rots if exposed to the weather. It is known in North
America by the name of Pishamin or Presimon.
Virginian Date Plum. Fl. July. Clt. 1829. Tree 20 feet.
22 D. Loureiria'na ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth, with
oblique prominent ribs ; flowers solitary, terminating, quin-
quefid, rarely quadrifid. 1^ . G. Native of Cochinchina.
Diospyros Lotos, Lour coch. p. 226. Flowers pale. Fruit
downy, half an inch in diameter, round, 8-seeded, with very little
pulp.
Loureiro's Date Plum. Shrub 6 feet.
23 D. DiGYNA (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 35. t. 313.) leaves ob-
long, acute at both ends, glabrous ; flowers digynous, drooping ;
corolla much longer than the calyx. fj . S. Native of the
Celebes. Flowers white, quinquefid.
Digynous-WowereA Date Plum. Tree 20 feet.
24 D. CAULiFLORA (Blum. bijdr. p. 668.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous ; male flowers
axillary ; hermaphrodite ones digynous, crowded into lateral
fascicles ; flowers semi-quadrifid. h . S. Native of Java, on
calcareous mountains, where it is called Prellek. Nearly allied
to D. digyna.
Stem-Jhwered Date Plum. Fl. June, July. Shrub.
40
EBENACE^. I. Diosp-i-ROs.
25 D. sylva'tica (Roxb. cor. 1 p. 37. t. 47.) leaves oblong
or oval, acute at both ends, glabrous ; female flowers trigynous,
erect ; corolla of hermaphrodite flowers about equal in length to
the calyx; berry S-seeded. I; . S. Native of the East Indies,
among the Circars. Corolla whitish. Male flowers with about
18 single anthered filaments. Tella-goda is theTelinga name of
the tree.
Wood Date Plum. Clt. 1812. Tree.
26 D. reticula'ta (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1112.) leaves ovate or
elliptic, obtuse; rounded at the base, glabrous and shining on
both surfaces, coriaceous, finely reticulated beneath ; calyxes
villous. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius.
Rctkulated-\ea.\e& Date Plum. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet.
27 D. ebena'ster (Retz. obs. 5. p. 33.) leaves bifarious,
oval-oblong, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces ; leaf-buds gla-
brous ; flowers quadrifid. f; . S. Native of the East Indies, in
woods, about Calcutta, Amboina, &:c. D. Ebenum, Lin. suppl.
440. Hebenaster, Humph, amb. 3. p. 13. t. 6. Berry yellow
when ripe. The wood of this tree is compact, iiard, and heavy,
whitish next the bark, but towards the middle very black, this
blackness gradually tinges the whole body in the same manner
as resin of fir. Tliis is said to be the true Ebony, but there is no
doubt but the Ebony of commerce is the wood of several species.
Ebony-Wke Date Plum, or Common Ebony. Clt. 1772.
Tree 40 feet.
28 D. OBLONGA (Wall. cat. no. 4124.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, glabrous, on short petioles, acuminated ; flowers axillary,
aggregate; calyx 5-cleft, villous inside. tj . S. Native of
Penang. D. frondosa, and D. nervosa. Wall. cat. no. 4125 and
4126, hardly appear to be more than varieties of this species.
06/o?(jO'-leaved Date Plum. Shrub.
29 D. Sapota (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 535.) leaves bifarious,
oblong, entire, obtuse, polished; filaments 8-10, in both male
and hermaphrodite flowers ; berry globular, with a few irregular
shaped seeds. \i . S. Native of the jNIauritius. Sapotte-nigra,
Sonn. voy. nov. guin. p. 45. t. 14, 15, and 16. Berry size of a
large orange. Introduced by the late Hyder Ally, into his
garden at Seringapatam.
Sapota Date Plum. Tree.
30 D. RAMiFLORA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 535.) leaves lanceolate,
glossy ; hermaphrodite and male flowers in fascicles from the
large woody branches; calyx and corolla from 5- to 6-parted;
style 5-6-cleft ; berry containing from 10 to 20 seeds. Ij . S.
Native of the eastern frontier of Bengal, where it is called Oori-
Gaub, also Goolul. It supplies the natives with a strong, hard
wood. Leaves 6-10 inches long. Filaments 10-12 in the female
flowers, but the males are still unknown. It is probably a
species of Embryopteris.
Branc/i-Jluwered Date Plum. Tree large.
31 D. MELANOXYLON (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 36. t. 46.) leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, acute at the base, and obtuse at tlie apex, nearly
opposite, coriaceous, finely veined, glabrous, but villous when
young, as well as the branches ; flowers 5-cleft. T7 . S. Native
of the East Indies, Java, where it is called Tremble Kibatasma, and
Kiklor. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft ; male peduncles 3-6-flowered.
Styles 3-4 ; male flowers with about 12 anthers ; and female flowers
decandrous. This is one of the species which produces Ebony ;
it is called Tumballi by the Tamuls, Tinduo by the Hindoos, and
Tiimida by the Telingas ; but several other sjjecies also produce
Ebony, as D. tomcntosus, D. cbmum, and D. cbenaslcr, &c. It
is only the centre of large trees that is black and valuable,
which part is more or less in quantity according to the age of the
tree. Tlie outside of the wood is soft and white, which time
and insects soon destroy, leaving the black untouched. The
ripe fruit is eaten by the natives ; it lias an astringent taste, and
is not very palatable. The bark is also astringent ; powdered
and mixed with pepper, it is given for dysentery by the native
doctors.
Black-wooded TiAie VXum. Clt. 1817. Tree.
32 D. LANCE^EFOLiA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 537.) leaves bifarious,
lanceolate, polished ; flowers sessile ; male ones crowded in heads ;
filaments 16, simple. 1^ . .S. Native of Silhet, where it is called
Goolul, and where it furnishes the natives with a durable timber,
for the construction of their habitations. Stigma 8-cleft.
Flowers quadrifid and quinquefid.
Lance-leaved Date Plum. Tree large.
33 D. ebe'num (Retz. obs. 3. p. 5. t. 31.) leaves bifarious,
ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; leaf-buds
hairy ; male flowers sub-racemose, with about 20 anthers ; her-
maphrodite flowers octandrous, solitary ; stigma 4-cleft. Pj . S.
Native of Ceylon, in woods. D. glaberrima, Rothb. in nov. act.
hafn. 2. p. 540. t. 5. Hebenaster, Rumph.amb. 3. p. 13. t. 6.?
E60H!/ Date Plum. Clt. 1792. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
34 D. MARiTiMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 669.) leaves oblong, obtuse,
acutish at the base, and furnished with 2 depressed glands at the
base beneath, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; flowers axillary,
sessile, male ones crowded, hermaphrodite ones almost solitary ;
flowers obliquely 4-5-cleft. T? . S. Native of Java, on the
south shore.
Sea-side Date Plum. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub.
35 D. monta'na (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 37. t. 48.) leaves ovate-
oblong, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, glabrous; male
flowers with 8 double filaments ; berry 8-seeded. 1; . S.
Native of the East Indies, among the Circars, where it is called
Yerra-goda by the Telingas. Female flowers witii about 4 ste-
rile stamens.
7l/oMn/«m Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Tree.
36 D. mabola (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41. Lindl. bot. reg. 1 139.)
leaves oblong, acute at both ends, deep green above, silky beneath,
as well as the branchlets ; fascicles of flowers disposed in ra-
cemes ; stamens 12, in the male flowers. Tj . S. Native of the
Philippine Islands. Cavanillea Philippensis, Desr. in Lam. diet.
3. p. 663. t. 454. Wood black, very compact. Corollas sweet-
scented, pale yellow, silky outside. The fruit called Mabola
is brown, with a pink-coloared, fleshy rind, about the size of a
quince : its flavour is said to be agreeable, the pulp is firm and
white. The tree is cultivated in the Isle of France, for its fruit.
7V/a6o/a Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Tree 8-10 feet.
37 D.obova'ta (Jacq. schccnbr. 3. p. 34. t. 312.) leaves mem-
branous, obovate, obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers
quadrifid, octandrous; berries 4-seeded. Pj . S. Native of
Jamaica and St. Domingo. D. tetrasperma, Swartz. prod. 62.
fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 678. Corolla orange-coloured.
Oftoi-n^e-leaved Date Plum. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
38 D. undula^ta (Wall. cat. no. 4136.) leaves glabrous,
shining, deep green, oblong, acuminated, on short petioles ;
flowers axillary, sessile, solitary ; calyx villous, 4-lobed ; fruit
globular. T^ . S. Native of the Burman empire, at Amherst.
Leaves 6-10 inches long.
Undulated-leaved Date Plum. Shrub or tree.
39 D. amce'na (Wall. cat. no. 4139.) leaves lanceolate, or
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; flowers lateral and axil-
lary, sessile, solitary, clothed with rusty down ; calyx propped by
scales. [7 . S. Nativeof the East Indies. Leaves 7-9 inches long.
Pleasant Date Plum. Shrub or tree.
40 D. EHRETioiDEs (Wall. Cat. no. 4137) leaves glabrous,
oblong-roundish or oblong, rusty beneath ; peduncles lateral
and axillary, trichotomous, downy : lateral branches 3-flowered,
the middle one 1-flowered. I7 . S. Native of the Burmese Em-
pire at Moahneyne. Leaves S-10 inches long, and 4-6 broad.
Ehrctia-like Date Plum. Shrub or tree.
41 D. sTRiiTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 539.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
EBENACE>^. I. DiosPYROS. II. Embryopteris.
41
late ; male peduncles 3-6-flo\vere(l ; male flowers with 16 stamina,
on a convex receptacle. fj.S. Native of Tipperah. A tall, slender
tree, with a straight trunk, as in firs. The female tree is unknown.
Straight Date Plum. Tree tall.
42 D. bractea'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 5.39.) leaves oblong,
acute; style 4-cIeft ; berry 8-seeded. I; . S. Native of Dooab.
The male tree has not been found.
Bracteate-RoweTed Date Plum. Tree.
43 D.loba'ta (Lour, cochin, p. 227.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
glabrous on both surfaces; peduncles 1 -flowered; berries 8-
lobed ; flowers quadrifid. T^ . G. Native of Cochinchina.
Leaves small. Corolla white, with a 't-cornered tube. Stigma
(ieejily 4-cleft. Berry pale yellow, about an inch in diameter,
having a sweetish austere pulp, without any smell.
Zo6«/-fruited Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 feet.
44 D. DENsiFLoRA (Wall. Cat. no. 4140.) leaves oblong, gla-
brous, coriaceous ; peduncles branched, or in clusters, many-
flowered ; fruit globose. h . S. Native of Moalmyne and
Martaban. Leaves 5-8 inches long, and 4-5 broad.
Dense-flowered Date Plum. Shrub.
45 D. LYCioiDES (Desf. in ann. mus. cah. 36. p. 448.)
leaves small, lanceolate, flat, obtuse, glabrous, smooth, subfasci-
cled. (^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
hermaphrodite. Hardly distinct from Royena.
Lyciiim-like DeitePhim. Clt. 1806. Shrub.
46 D. VACciNoiDEs (Lindl. ex Hook. exot. fl. 139.) leaves
ovate, obtuse, shining above, villous beneath, and on the edges ;
flowers solitary, axillary, quadrifid, tetrandrous ; fruit ovate,
3-celled, 3-seeded ; calycine segments ovate, subulate, pilose,
with coloured edges ; corolla sub-campanulate, with ovate,
undulated segments. h . G. Native of China, Penang, and
.Singapore. Lodd. bot. cab. 1549. Perhaps a species of Maba,
with quadrifid flowers. Stigma quite simple. Corolla white.
A small evergreen shrub.
Whortle-berry-lilce Date Plum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 2-3 feet.
47 C. heterophy'lla (Wall. cat. 4138.) leaves variable in
size and shape, roundish or oblong-obovate, emarginate, smaller
than in most other species : calycine lobes obtuse, reflexed.
y . S. Native of Ava. Allied to the preceding.
Fariable- leaved Date Plum. Shrub.
f Species hardly known.
48 D. melanida (Poir. ency. 4. p. 431. Pers. ench. 2. p.
625.) leaves ovate, petiolate ; berries sub-globose, depressed,
10-celled ; calyx pentagonal, with a reflexed mouth. ^ . S.
Native of the Isle of France. Eb^nus melanida, Commers.
Black-wooded Date Plum. Tree.
49 D. leucome'las (Poir. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, sub-
cordate; calyx 6-toothed, girding the berry one half of its
length, which is 2-celled. t^ . S. Native of the Isle of France.
IVhite and Black-wooded Date Plum. Tree.
50 D. NODOSA (Poir. 1. c ) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ;
flowers quinquefid ; fruit globose, solitary. Tj . S. Native of
the Isle of France.
Knotted Date Plum. Tree.
51 D. chrysophy'llos (Poir. 1. c. p. 433.) leaves oblong,
shining and rufescent beneath ; flowers solitary, quinquefid ; caly.x
liairy ; fruit pear-formed. I; . S. Native of the Isle of France.
Golden-leaved Date Plum. Tree.
52 D. angula'ta (Poir, 1. c. p. 436.) leaves ovate, obtuse,
coriaceous ; flowers quinquefid ; fruit angular, fj . S. Native
of the Isle of France.
Angular-hnited Date Plum. Tree.
53 D. EDtj'Lis (Lodd. cat. p. 9. 1830.) nothing is known of
this plant but the name.
VOL. IV.
Edible-fruited Date Plum. Tree.
Cult. The hardy species of Diospyros grow to large shrubs
in this country, tlierefore they should be planted in the back of
shrubberies ; they are easily increased both by layers and seeds.
The greenhouse and stove species require the same treatment as
other stove and greenhouse shrubs ; a mixture of loam, sand,
and peat, is the best soil for them ; and they are readily increased
by ripened cuttings, in sand under a hand-glass ; those of the
stove species should be placed in a moist heat.
II. EMBRYO'PTERIS {ijxftpvov, embryon, an embryo, and
Trrepv^, pteryx, a wing ; in reference to the embryo being winged.)
Gajrtn. fruct. 1. p. 145. t. 29. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 49. t. 70.
— Cavanillea, Lam. — Diospy'ros species of authors.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioecia. This genus differs alone
from Diospyros, in the stamens of the male flowers being 4 or
6 times the number of the segments of the corolla. — Trees with
entire leaves ; male peduncles 3-4-flovvered, and the female ones
1 -flowered.
1 E. GELATiNiFERA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 49. t. 70. Willd.
spec. 4. p. 836.) leaves lanceolate; stamens 16-20 in the male
flowers, and 1-4 in the female flowers; flowers quadrifid;
styles 4 ; berry 8-seeded. fj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Embry. peregrina, Gtertn. fruct. 1. p. 145, t. 29. Cavanillea
Philippensis, Lam. diet. 3. p. 636. See Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 418.
Diospyros Embryopteris, Pers. ench. 2. p. 624. Ker. bot. reg.
t. 499. D. glutinosa. Keen. A middle-sized tree, with long
leaves. Flowers whitish. Stigma cruciate, sessile. The fruit is
eaten by the natives when ripe, but cannot be said to be palatable,
on account of its strong astringency. Sir W. Jones says the tree
is generally known in Bengal by the name of Gauh ; and that the
Sanscrit name is Tindooka ; and that the astringent, viscid juice
of the fruit is used all over that country for paying the bottoms of
boats. The unripe fruit contains a very large proportion of
tannin. The infusion is employed to steep fishing nets in, to
make them more durable, and probably adds to their strength.
The wood is but of indiflerent quality, and not much used.
67«e-6eflnng Embryopteris. FI.Jul. Clt. 1818. Tr. 25 ft.
2 E. DISCOLOR ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at
the base, of a silky glaucous colour beneath, and downy ;
flowers quadrifid ; stamens 24. tj . S. Native of the Philip-
pine Islands. Diospyros discolor, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1108.
Stigma sessile. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding.
Branches and corolla villous. Leaves almost a foot long.
Berry 4-6-seeded.
rri'O-co/oMjerf-leaved Embryopteris. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
3 E. RACEMOSA ; leaves from oblong to lanceolate, obtuse,
glossy ; both male and female flowers in axillary comose
racemes, the former with 20-30 stamens, the latter with 12-16;
stigma 4-cleft ; berry round, smooth, 4-seeded. fj . S. Native
of Silhet, where it is called Goolul, and where the fruit is eaten
by the natives. Diospyros racemosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 536.
7?acemose-flowered Date Plum. Tree small.
4 E. Loureiria'na ; leaves broad-lanceolate ; flowers quadri-
fid ; stamens 20 ; berries pea-shaped, 8-seeded. Vj . G. Native
of Cochinchina. Diospyros dodecandra. Lour. coch. p. 228.
Corolla white, with a sub-globose tube. Berry pale, with a
sweetish, astringent, edible, but pleasant pulp. The wood is
like that of the false Ebony, Diospyros Ebenaster, but has not
the black veins. The trees are much used as supports to the
Black Pepper plants.
Loiireiro's Embryopteris. Tree large.
5 Ka'ki (Lin. syst. 918. Thunb. jap. 157. Lour. coch.
226. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 527.) leaves bifarious, ovate-elliptic,
acuminated, elliptic-oblong, or obovate, cordate at the base,
G
42
EBENACEiE. III. Paralea. IV. Royena. V. Diplonema. VI. Diclidanthera.
downy on both surfaces ; branches tomentose ; male pedinicles
usually 3- flowered ; male flowers with about 20 stamens, and
female 8 ; flowers quadrifid ; style 4-cleft ; stigmas bifid.
Ij . G. Native of China, Cochinchina, and Japan ; and is also
cultivated in those countries, as also in Bengal. D. Cliinensis,
Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 110. and act. soc. batav. 9. p. 167.
Kouis or Kaki, Keempf. anioen. t. 106. Fruit globose, S-
celled, size of a small orange, yellow when ripe, abounding in
yellow, fleshy, edible pidp ; it is tolerably pleasant, but by no
means equal to a good apple ; eaten plentifully occasions diar-
rhoea. They are preserved in the same manner as the fig, by
sprinkling meal or sugar over them. There is a variety of this
species with an ovate fruit.
ifa^i Embryopteris. Clt. 1789. Tree 12 to 20 feet.
Cult. See Diospijros, p. 41., for culture and propagation.
III. PARA'LEA {Parala is the Caribbean name of the tree).
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 576. t. 231. R. Br. prod. p. 526.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioec'ia. Flowers polygamous. Ca-
lyx 4-toothed ; teeth acute. Corolla fleshy, with a short te-
tragonal tube, and a 4-parted limb ; segments acute. Stamens
1 S, inserted within the tube of the corolla at its base ; anthers
small, roundish. Ovarium wanting in the male flowers, but in
place of it there is a villous, rufous corpuscle. Fruit and seeds
unknown. — A tall tree, with a branched top. Leaves alternate,
quite entire, glabrous, but tomentose along the margins. Flowers
disposed in axillary fascicles : vvith villous rufescent scales.
1 P. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. c). Ij . S. Native of
Guiana. Branches downy. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute. Flowers
sweet-scented. Corolla fulvous.
Guiana Paralea. Tree tall.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dios'pyros, p. 41.
IV. ROYE'NA (named by Linnaeus in honour of Adrian
Van Royen. He and his son David were successively profes-
sors of botany at Leyden). Lin. gen. no. 555. Gaertn. fruct. 2.
p. 80. t. 94. Juss. gen. 156. R. Br. prod. p. 526.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Calyx S-cleft. Corolla with a 5-parted revolute limb. Stamens
10, length of the tube of the corolla; filaments simple; an-
thers oblong, acute. Ovarium usually 4 -celled, but sometimes
6-8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Berry fleshy. Seeds triangular
or plano-convex. — Shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope,
with entire leaves ; and axillary or lateral, solitary or aggregate,
1 -flowered pedicels. Flowers white.
1 R. Lu ciDA (Lin. spec. 568.) leaves ovate, roughish, shining
above. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam.
ill. t. 370. f 1,— Herm. par. 232. t. 232.— Comm. hort. 1.
p. 187. t. 96.— Pluk. phyt. t. 63. f. 4. and t. 317. f. 5. Berry
globular, red above and pale below, containing a firm, whitish
flesh, almost like that of an apple.
it(cifMeaved African Bladder-nut. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1690. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
2 R. viLLosA (Lin. spec. 568. Thunb. prod. 83.) leaves
cordate-oblong, tomentose beneath ; branches villous. Ij . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. scabra, Burm. prod. 13.
Villous African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
3 C. gla'bra (Lin. spec. 568. Thunb. prod. 80.) leaves lan-
ceolate, glabrous. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
—Comm. hort. 1. p. 125. t. 65.— Plukn. phyt. t. 321. f. 4.
Fruit roundish, purple.
Glabrous African Bladder-nut. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1731. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
4 R. pa'llens (Willd. spec. 2. p. 632.) leaves oblong-obo-
vate, obtuse, glabrous, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Pa/e African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
5 R. cunea'ta (Lam. diet. 6. p. 322.) leaves somewhat obo-
vate-oblong, downy, nerveless ; branches villous, h . G. Na-
tive of the East Indies, ? but probably of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers solitary. Calyx white. Corolla purple. R.
pubescens, Willd. enum. p. 457. Ker. bot. reg. 500. Flowers
whitish green.
Cuneatcd-haved African Bladder-nut. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1752. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
6 R. hirsuta (Lin. spec. 568.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
villous. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam.
ill. t. 370. f. 2. Jacq. coll. suppl. 110. t. 13. f. 1.— Lin. hort.
cliflT. 163. — Boerh. lugdb. 2. p. 235. Leaves an inch long.
Flowers of a worn out dirty purple colour.
Hairy African Bladder-nut. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752.
Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
7 R. angustifolia (Willd. spec. 2. p. 633.) leaves lanceolate,
acute at both ends, rather pilose beneath. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope.
Narrow-lcavcd African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1789. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
8 R. LATiFOLiA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 23.). This species
has not yet flowered in the gardens ; consequently nothing more
is known of the plant than the name.
Broad-leaved African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1816. Siirub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. The species thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and
sand ; and slips, taken from ripened wood, strike root readily
in sand, under a hand-glass.
V. DIPLONE'MA (from h-rrXoos, diploos, double, and yr)ixa,
nema, a filament ; filaments double). Royena polyandra of
authors.
LiN. SYST. Polygamia, Dioecia. This genus differs from
Royena in the flowers being polygamous, in the stamens of the
male flowers being 4 times the number of the segments of the
corolla, in the filaments being double, and in the anthers being
bearded. Ovarium 4-6-celled. — Shrubs with entire leaves and
axillary 1 -flowered pedicels.
1 D. ELLipTicA ; leaves elliptic, glabrous ; flowers quinque-
fid. ? Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Royena
polyandra, Lin. suppl. 240.
ElUptic-]eaved Diplonema. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
2 D. AMBiGUA ; leaves obovate, rather villous, coriaceous ;
corolla 6-7-cleft, with obtuse segments. Jj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Royena ambigua. Vent. malm. t. 17.
Flowers yellowish, vvith reflexed segments. Branchlets hairy.
Ambiguous Diplonema. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Royena, above.
VI. DICLIDANTHE^RA (from ?<a<f, diklis, double doors,
and arOripa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the anthers
dehiscing by two valves). Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 139.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monogijnia. Flowers hermaphro-
dite. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 5-cleft
limb. Anthers 5, sessile in the throat, 2-valved from the base.
Ovarium sub-5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Stigma capitate, de-
pressed. Berry 5-seeded or 2-3-seeded from abortion. — Small
shrubs or trees, with hard wood, and elongated, often pendulous
branches ; with scattered, petiolate, quite entire, thickish leaves ;
racemose, bracteate flowers ; and cream or milk-coloured co-
12
EBENACEiE. VII. Cargillia. VIII. Maba. OLEIN^E.
43
roUas, which become purplish on drying. Calyx sub-globose
at the base ; seiiments bluntish. Corolla not widened at the
throat, but naked ; with narrow, bluntish, imbricate segments.
1 D. PENDULIFLORA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 140. t. 196.)
branches pendulous ; petioles biglandular ; leaves oblong, gla-
brous ; calyxes smoothish, 3 times shorter than the corolla,
which is villous inside ; calycine segments linear. 'j . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, along the river
Solimoes. Habit of Celastrus scdndens.
Pendultms-Jlowered Diclidanthera. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
2 D. LAURiFOLiA (Mart. 1. c. p. 141. t. 197.) branches loose ;
petioles glandless, downy ; leaves oblong, downy along the
middle nerve ; calyxes downy, twice shorter than the corolla,
which is glabrous ; calycine segments oblong. Vi . S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, near Sebastianople.
Laiiiel-lcavcd Diclidanthera. Shrub 5 feet.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Dio'^pijros, p. 41.
VII. CARGI'LLIA (named in memory of James Cargill,
M. D., of Aberdeen, who lived in the time of Caspar Bauhin,
and who described, for the first time, some marine Algae in his
Theatrum Botanicum, particularly the Fiicus esculentus, F. pal-
matus, F. digilaliis, and U'lva patdnia). R. Br. prod. p. 526.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioecia. Flowers polygamous. Ca-
lyx semi-quadrifid. Corolla with a 4-cleft limb. Male flowers
having the stamens inserted in the base of the corolla, but some-
times also hypogynous, double the number of the segments of
the corolla ; filaments double. Hermaphrodite or female flowers
having fewer stamens than the male, and these barren. Ova-
rium 4-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Berry globose, girded by the
adpressed cup-shaped calyx at bottom. — Evergreen trees, with
entire, glabrous leaves : and axillary, 1-flowered pedicels.
1 C. L.^'xA (R. Br. prod. 526.) leaves oblong, a little undu"
lated, glabrous, almost of the same colour on both surfaces ;
calyxes of the male flowers 4-toothed, one half shorter than the
tube of the corolla ; style 3-4-parted ; branchlets loose. P; . G.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Zoose-branched Cargillia. Clt. 1827. 'J'ree.
2 C. austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 527.) leaves oblong, gla-
brous, obtuse at the apex, acute at the base, pale beneath ;
calyx in the male flower 4-cleft, equal in length to the tube of
the corolla; style undivided. H. G. Native of New South
Wales. Hook. bot. mag. 3274. Corolla white.
,S'o«</ier« Cargillia. Clt. 1816. Tree 15 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rnyhui, p. 42.
VIII. MA'BA (the vernacular name of M. elliptica in Ton-
gatabu). Forst. gen. t. 16. Juss. in ann. mus. 5. p. 418.
Juss. gen. 418. — Ferreola, Kcenig. and Roxb.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Trmndria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
semi-trifid. Corolla urceolate, trifid. Male flowers with hy-
pogynous stamens, double in number to the segments of the
corolla, rarely equal that number : with simple and double fila-
ments alternating with each other. Female flowers without any
stamens. Ovarium 3-celled ; cells 2 -seeded. Berry oval,
rarely globose, girded by the cup-shaped calyx at the base. —
Shrubs or trees with entire leaves: and axillary, 1-flowered
pedicels.
1 M. ELLIPTICA (Forst. gen. p. 122. t. 16. fl. austr. 366.)
leaves elliptic, glabrous ; flowers triandrous, by threes. 1^ . S.
Native of the Friendly Islands. Lam. ill. t. 803. Young leaves
and branches villous. Calyxes downy.
ElUptlc-\eaveA Maba. Shrub.
.2 M. LAURiNA (R. Br. prod. p. 517.) leaves oval-oblong,
veiny, bluntish at the base, shining, and are, as well as the
branclies, glabrous ; male and female flowers solitary ; alternate
filaments double. Ij . S. Native of New Holland, within the
trojiic.
Laurel-like Maha.. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
3 M. obova'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, rather retuse,
opaque and glabrous in the adult state : but the young ones,
petioles, and branches are downy ; calyxes downy ; alternate
filaments double ; berries sessile, solitary, oval. ^ . S. Na-
tive of New Holland, within the tropic.
Ofiounfe-leaved Maba. Shrub.
4 M. BuxiFOLiA (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 418. Pers. ench. 2.
p. 606.) leaves obovate, glabrous in the adidl state ; calyxes
downy ; flowers solitary or aggregate, hexandrous ; filaments
all simple. I^ . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains.
Ferreola buxif61ia,Roxb. cor. 1. p. S5. t. 45. Flowers yellowish.
Box-leaved Maba. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
5 M. hu'milis (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval-obovate, rather re-
tuse, attenuated at the base, glabrous, as well as the branchlets,
even in the young state ; berries solitary, oval, about equal
to half the length of the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes,
glabrous, fj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Humble Maba. Shrub.
6 M. gemina'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval or obovate, mar-
ginate, rather veiny, somewhat attenuated at the base, quite
glabrous, even in the young state, as well as the branchlets ;
berries oval, twin, 4-5 times shorter than the leaves, and are,
as well as the calyxes, clothed with fine down. tj . S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic.
ZVii/n-berried Maba. Shrub.
7 M. iiTTOREA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, rather re-
tuse, attenuated at the base, shining ; branchlets glabrous ;
berries solitary, oval-oblong, 4 times longer than the calyx,
which is obsoletely lobed, and 4 to 5 times shorter than the
leaves. ^ . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on
the shore.
Shore Maba. Shrub.
8 M. reticula'ta (R. Br. 1. c. p. 528.) leaves obovate or
oval, retuse, reticulately veined, with sub-recurved edges, gla-
brous in the adult state, as well as the branchlets ; alternate
filaments double ; berry depressedly globose. ^ . S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic.
RelicidaiedAeaved Maba. Shrub.
9 M. compa'cta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate and oval, rather
retuse, compact, reticulated, flat, and are, as well as the branches,
glabrous ; berries depressedly globose ; calyx of the fruit ob-
soletely lobed, reflexed, silky inside. ^ . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Compact Maba. Shrub.
10 M. ? Ebenoxvlon ; leaves small, lanceolate, hard, flat,
glabrous as well as the branches ; peduncles terminal, many-
flowered ; berry ovate, acutish ; calyx wanting, and nectarium
stellate (ex Lour.). Jj . S. Native of Cochinchina, in vast
woods. Ebenoxylon, Lour. coch. p. 613. Caju-arang.
Rumph. amb. 3. p. 1. t. 1. Wood hard, heavy, with a black
heart, and is the ebony of Cochin-china. Berry reddish yellow
(ex Lour.), small, 1 -celled, 3-seeded. Flowers triandrous.
Ebony-mood Maba. Tree large.
Cult. See Royena, p. 42. for culture and propagation.
Order CXLVII. 0LE"IN^ (so called on account of its
containing plants agreeing with OHea in important characters.)
Hoffln. et Link, fl. port. p. 1806. R. Br. prod. p. 522. Jas-
minea;, part. Juss. gen. p. 104. Lilkese, Vent. tabl. 1. p. 306.
Flowers hermaphrodite, sometimes dioecious. Calyx 1-
leaved, divided, permanent. Corolla hypogynous, monopetalous,
44
OLEIN^. I. LiGUSTRUM.
4-cleft (f. 8. b., f. 9. a.); sometimes 4-petalled : petals connected
by pairs to the middle of the filaments, rather valvate in aestiva-
tion ; sometimes wanting. Stamens 2, alternating with the seg-
ments or petals of the corolla. Anthers 2-celled ; cells dehiscing
lengthwise. Ovarium simple, girded by no glandular disk, 2-
celled; cells 2-seeded. Ovula pendulous, collateral. Style
simple, or wanting; stigma bifid, or undivided. Fruit drupa-
ceous, baccate, or capsular, often 1 -seeded by abortion. Seeds
with dense copious albumen. Embryo middle-sized, longitudinal,
straight. Cotyledons foliaceous, half free ; radicle superior ;
plumule inconspicuous. — Trees and shrubs. Leaves opposite,
simple, rarely pinnate. Flowers racemose or panicled, terminal
or axillary, with opposite unibracteate pedicels.
The bark of the ash is so bitter, as to be highly celebrated
as a febrifuge, and is even compared with quinquina for effect.
The sweet purgative called manna is a discharge from the bark
of several species of O'rniis and Fraxinus. The sweetness of
this substance is not due to the presence of sugar, but to a
distinct principle called mannite. Olive oil is expressed from
the pericarp of Olea Europcea.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Olie'.e. Corolla short, monopetalous, campamdale or urceolate,
i-cleft. Stamens 2, with short filaments, and erect anthers.
Fruit drupaceous.
1 LiGu'sTRUM. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube exceed-
ing the calyx. Stamens inclosed. Style very short ; stigma
bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous nuts.
2 Phyli.y'rea. Corolla short, campanidate. Stamens a
little exserted. Stigma thickish. Berry globose, having one of
the cells usually abortive.
3 O'lea. Calyx tubular, 4-toothed. Segments of corolla
ovate. Stamens a little exserted. Style very short ; stigma
bifid, with emarginate segments. Drupe 2-celled, one of the
cells abortive ; nut oblong.
4 NoRONHiA. Corolla globular, thick, deeply 4-parted. An-
thers lying in the substance of the corolla. Style wanting.
Drupe containing a two-celled putamen ; one of the cells abor-
tive. Albumen none?.
5 Pachyde'rma. Corolla globose, coriaceous, with a semi-
4-cleft border. Stamens inserted above the base of the corolla.
Ovarium 2-celled. Stigma almost sessile, obtuse. Berry only
1 -seeded. Albumen fleshy.
6 Myxopy'rum. Corolla globose, coriaceous, plicate inside,
with a 4-cleft border. Stamens inserted in the middle of the
tube, with very short filaments. Ovarium 2-celled. Drupe 1-2-
celled, containing 1-4 angular 1-seeded nuts.
7 Chiona'nthus. Calyx 4-parted. Segments of corolla elon-
gated, linear. Stamens inclosed. Style short ; stigma trifid.
Drupe containing a striated, 1-seeded nut.
8 Chondrospe'rmum, Calyx 4-toothed. Segments of co-
rolla linear, clavate, vertical ; throat closed by the anthers. Style
short ; stigma trifid. Fruit 2-celled, 1 seeded.
Tribe II.
SyringejE. Corolla funnel-shaped, or campanulate, 4-5-
parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled.
9 Syringa. Calyx tubular, short, 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with an elongated tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens
inclosed. Style filiform ; stigma thickish, bifid. Capsule ob-
long, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves contrary to the dissepiment.
Seeds solitary, compressed ; with membranous margins.
10 Forsy'thia. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla sub-campanulate,
4-cleft. Stamens equal in length to the calyx, as well as the
style ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular.
11. Fontane'sia. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla of 2 petals.
Stamens elongated, and stigma bifid. Capsule papery, indehis-
cent ; cells 1-seeded.
Tribe III.
Notel;e'i/e. Calyx ^-parted, or i-cleft. Corolla of 4 petals.
Stamens 2. Fruit drupaceous.
12 Notel/e'a. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals ovate, connected by
pairs to the filaments at the base. Drupe containing a single
chartaceous 1-seeded putamen.
13 Linocie'ba. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals linear, connected
by pairs to the filaments at the base. Drupe 2-celled.
Tribe IV.
Fraxinie'-e. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4:-parted, or
wanting. Corolla of 4 petals, i-parted, or wanting. Stamens
2, short ; anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile,
bifid. Fruit 2-celled, covipressed, winged at the top, usually \-
seeded.
14 Fra'xinus. Flowers polygamous. Petals wanting. Sa-
mara 1 -celled.
15 O'rnus. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx
4-parted. Petals 4, Samara 2-celled.
Tribe I.
OLIE'jE. Calyx 4-toothed or 4-cleft. Corolla short, mono-
petalous, campanulate, urceolate, or funnel-shaped. Stamens 2,
with short filaments and erect anthers. Fruit drupaceous.
I. LIGU'STRUM (said to be from ligo, to tie, in reference
to its flexible branches.) Tourn. inst. t. 367. Lin. gen. no. 9.
Schreb. gen. no. 23. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 72. t. 92. Juss.
gen. p. 106. Lam. ill. 1. t. 7.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx short, tubular,
4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with the tube exceeding the
calyx, and the limb 4-parted. Stamens_2, with short filaments,
inserted into the tube of the corolla. Style very short ; stigma
obtuse, bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous 1-seeded
nuts. Albumen hardish. Embryo inverted. — Shrubs with op-
posite leaves ; and terminal, compound, thyrsoid racemes of
white flowers.
1 L. vulga're (Trag. hist. 1005. Lin. spec. 1. p. 10.) leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous ; racemes compound, coarctate.
Tj . H. Native of Europe, in hedges and woods ; common in
many parts of Britain. Smith, engl. hot. 764. Curt. lond. t.
300. CEd. fl. dan. 1141. Smidth, Eest. baumz. 3. t. 147.
OLEIN^. I. LiGusTRUM. II. Phillyrea.
45
Lam. ill. 1. t. 7. Bull. herb. t. 295. Mill. fig. Ifi2. L. Ger-
manicum, Bauh. hist. 475. The flowers are sweet scented,
white at first, but soon changing to a reddish brown. Berries
dark purple, almost black.
The common privet, in old English authors, is also called
Prim, Print, Primprint, from its regular appearance when clipped.
In German, Dutch, Danish, and Swedish, it is called Ligiisier ;
in French, Troene ; in Italian, Ligustro ; in Spanish, Alhena ;
in Portuguese, Alfena.
In point of utility and ornament, few shrubs exceed the
privet. Its chief use is to form such hedges as are required in
divided gardens, for shelter or ornament; and for this purpose
the Italian or Evergreen Privet is usually preferred. It bears
clipping well, and is not liable to be disfigured by insects ; and
having only fibrous roots, it robs the ground less than almost
any other shrub. It is one of the few plants tliat will tlirive in
the smoke of London ; it also grows well under the drip of
trees. The wood is hard, and fit for timber. From the pulp of
the berries a rose-coloured pigment may be prepared. With
the addition of alum they dye wool and silk of a good durable
green ; for this purpose they must be gathered as soon as they
are ripe ; they continue on the shrub till spring, and in times of
scarcity are eaten by different sorts of birds, particularly the
bulfinch. The following varieties are in the gardens.
Var. a, leucocarpum. The white-berried Privet.
Var. y, xanthocdrpum. The yellow-berried Privet.
Var. S, sempervlrens. L, Italicum, Mill. The Italian or
Evergreen Privet.
Var. £, variegatuin. The variegated leaved Privet. The
leaves are edged with white or yellow.
Var. I, anguslifdluim. The narrow-leaved Privet.
Common Privet. Fl. June, July. Britain. Shrub 6-10
feet.
2 L. Sine'nse (Lour. coch. 19.) leaves lanceolate, tomentose ;
racemes coarctate. Jj . H. Native of China, near Canton.
Vahl, enum. 1. p. 35. Branches diffuse. Flowers white.
Calyx cup- shaped. Berries very small, brown.
Chinese Privet. Shrub 6-8 feet.
3 L. J.APONicuM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 17. t. 1.) leaves oblong-
ovate, somewhat acuminated, glabrous ; racemes compound ;
peduncles and pedicels spreading, fj . H. Native of Japan.
Vahl, enum. 1. p. 35. L. latifolium, Vitm. summ. 1. p. 21.
Lin. syst. 56. Branches wrinkled, glabrous. Calyx tubular,
truncate. Flowers white. Leaves grooved along the middle
above, with a corresponding raised line beneath.
Japan Privet. Shrub 6-8 feet.
4 L. spica'tum (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 107.)
leaves elliptic, acute, hairy beneath, as well as the branchlets ;
flowers crowded, almost sessile, spicate, disposed in a thyrse,
having the axis very hairy ; bracteas minute. Ij . H. Native
of Nipaul, on the mountains. Hook. hot. mag. 2921. L.
Nepalense, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 161. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p.
17. t. 231. L. lanceol^tum, herb. Lamb. Flowers white. L.
veslUum, Wall, appears to be nothing but a variety of this
species ; the thyrse is more crowded, more densely hairy, as
well as the young leaves, branchlets, &c.
Spicate-&o\yexeA Privet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
6-8 feet.
5 L. pube'scens (Wall. cat. no. 1 742. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 44.)
leaves lanceolate, acutish, rather glabrous ; branches without
dots, downy at tops ; berries oblong, pruinose, panicled. h^ •
H. Native of the Burmese Empire, on Mount Taong Dong.
Downy Privet. Shrub.
6 L. bracteola'tum (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 107.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous as well as the branches ;
flowers disposed in bracteate panicles ; peduncles very hairy ;
bracteoles linear lanceolate. fj . H. Native of Nipaul. L.
Japonicum, Hamilt. mss. Phillyrea bracteolata. Herb. Lamb.
The L. Japonicum, Thunb. differs from this, in the leaves being
ovate and bluntish, in the flowers being pedicellate, and in the
peduncles and pedicels being glabrous.
Bracteolate-iloweted Privet. Shrub.
7 L. Lu'ciDUM (Ait. liort. kew. 1. p. 19.) leaves ovate-oblon",
acuminated, shining above ; panicles thyrsoid, spreading much.
fj . H. Native of China. Sims, bot. mag. 2565. Leaves broad.
Flowers white. This tree affords a kind of waxy matter.
Shining Privet, or Wax Tree. Fl. Sept, Oct. Clt. 1794.
Tree 10 to 20 feet.
Cult, All species of Privet are of easy culture, and will grow
in any kind of soil. Cuttings root without difficulty. L.
lilcidum requires some protection in severe weather.
II. PHILLY'REA (from ^vXKov, phyllon, a leaf; shrubs
leafy.) Dioscor. Tourn. inst. 367. Lin. gen. no. 19. Vaill.
acad. sc. p. 197. t. 13. f. 35-37. Juss. gen. 106. Gsertn. fr.
2. p. 11. t. 92. Vent, tabl, 2. p. 313. Lara. ill. 1. t. 8.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, tubular,
4-toothed, permanent. Corolla short, campanulate, rotate, 4-cleft,
deciduous. Stamens a little exserted ; with short filaments.
Style simple ; stigma thickish. Drupe globose, containing a 2-
celled nut ; one of the cells usually abortive. Seed solitary
in each cell. Albumen rather farinaceous or fleshy. — Evergreen
shrubs and trees. Leaves opposite. Racemes axillary. Flowers
greenish-white. Drupes black, globose.
1 P. ANGusTiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 10. Vahl, enum. 1. p.
36.) leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire. I^ . H. Native of
Italy and Spain. Lam. ill. t. 8. f. 3. P. obliqua, Tenore, syll.
p. 9. P. media, Tenore. fl. nap. 3. p. 6. Branches beset
with elevated dots. Leaves obsoletely veined.
Var. a, lanceoluta (Ait.hort. kew. ] . p. 11.) leaves lanceolate ;
branches erect. fj . H. P. no. iv. Clus. hist. 1. p. 52.
Var. jo. rosmarinifolia (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves lan-
ceolate-subulate, elongated ; branches straight, tj . H. P. no.
V. Clus. hist. 1. p. 52. Rosemary-leaved Phillyrea.
Var. y, hrachiata (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, shorter than in the other varieties ; branches divari-
cate. Ij . H. Dwarf Phillyrea.
Narrow-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597.
Shrub 8-10 feet.
2 P. me'dia (Lin. spec. p. 10.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire,
or a little serrated in the middle, triple-nerved, veiny. f; . H.
Native of the south of Europe. Kerner, t. 774. P. latifolia,
var. £, media, Lapeyr. pi. pyr. p. 4. P. ligustrifolia. Mill. diet,
no. 4. P. Iffi'vis, Tenore, syll. p. 9. P. latifolia, var. a, ligustri-
folia. Poll. pi. ver. 1 . p. 7.
Var (i, virgdta (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves lanceolate,
branches erect. Tj . H.
Var. 7, huxijblia (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oval-oblong,
bluntish. 'm, . H.
Intermediate or Lance-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June.
Clt. 1597. Siirub 10-15 feet.
3 P. LIGUSTRIFOLIA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, sub - serrated in the middle, obsoletely-veined ;
branches erect. ^ . H. Native of the south of Europe, as of
Spain and the south of France. P. virgata, Willd. enum. 1. p.
12. P. media var. a, Willd. spec. 1. p. 42. Phillyrea, iii. Clus.
hist. p. 52. — Lob. icon. 2. p. 131. Very like P. pendula, Ait.
Privet-leaved PhWlyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. Shrub
10-15 feet.
4 P. pe'ndula (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, obsoletely serrated at the apex, veiny ; branches
46
OLEINiE. II. Phillyrea. III. Olea.
drooping. ^ . H. Native of the south of Europe. P. media,
y, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43.
Drooping Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub
10-15 feet.
5 P. OLE^FOLiA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, almost quite entire, obtuse, narrowed at the base,
veiny. Ij . H. Native of the south of Europe. P. m^dia, c,
Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11. P. racemosa, Link, jahrb. 1. p. 160.
— Plukn. t. .310. f. 5. Branches erectish.
0&e-/eni'e<i Phillyrea. F). May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub
10-15 feet.
6 P. L^'vis (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
almost entire, veiny, bluntish. fj . H. Native of the south of
Europe, and north of Africa. P. latifolia, var. a, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 43.— Lob. icon. 132. f 2.— Duh. arb. t. 125. P. latifolia.
Mill. diet. no. 1. Leaves an inch or more long, a little narrowed
at tlie base, blunt, with a small mucrone at the apex.
Smooth Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 10
to 20 feet.
7 P. LATIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 10.) leaves ovate, rounded at the
base, serrated, veiny. T? . H. Native of the south of Europe.
Smith, tl. gra?c. t. 2. P. latifolia, /3. serrata. Poll. fl. ver. 1. p.
7. P. latilolia, ji. Ten. fl. nap. 3. p. 6. P. spinosa, Ten. syll.
p. 9. no. 2. P. latifolia, ft, spinosa, Seg. ver. 2. p. 273. Young
leaves subcordate at the base.
Broad-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Tree
23 to 30 feet.
8 P. oBLiauA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) leaves lanceolate-
oblong, serrated, acute at both ends, veiny, bent obliquely.
tj . H. Native of the south of Europe. P. latifolia, y, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 43. P. coriacea, Link, jahrb. 1. p. 155. Phillyrea,
ii. Clus. hist. 1. c. Leaves like those of Myrica.
OW(y!(e-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub
10 to 20 feet.
9 P. SPINOSA (Mill. diet. no. 3. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.)
leaves ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, acute, sharply and
cuspidately serrated, glabrous, flat, veiny. I^ . H. Native of
the south of Europe. P. ilicifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 13. P.
latifolia, ft, spinosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43. P. latifolia, longi-
lolia, Lhik. jahrb. 1. p. 54. Phillyrea, i. Clus. hist. 51.— Pluk.
phyt. t. 310. f. 4.
Spiny or Holly-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597.
Shrub 10 to 20 feet.
10 P. STRicTA (Bertol. fl. ital. p. 43.) leaves all flat, elliptic;
superior ones bluntly serrated ; extreme branches twiggy ;
racemes dense-flowered, drooping ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; drupe obtuse, umbilicate. fj . H. Native of Bononia.
P. latifolia, Maur. cat. 13. p. 36. P. latifolia. Ten. H. nap. 3.
p. 6. syll. p. 9. no. 1.
Straight Phillyrea. Shrub.
Cult. The species of this genus were cultivated very early
in our gardens ; these were formerly either planted against
walls, to which they were trained, to cover them ; or, if
they were placed as standards, their branches were clipped into
various forms, like other evergreen trees of that day; but they
are now used to form clumps in parks, to plant round the borders
of woods, or to stand singly on lawns, where they have a very
fine effect in winter, when other trees are destitute of leaves.
They are generally increased by layering down branches in
autumn.
III. O'LEA {eXnta, elaia, the olive, which is itself, from
Xftoc, leios, smooth. Olea is commonly used for the tree ;
Oliva for the fruit ; and Oleum for the oil of the fruit ; but this
is not constant.) Tourn. iuit. t. 370. Lin. gen. no. 20.
Vaill. mem, par. 1722. Juss. gen. 105. Gajrtn. fruct. 1. t.
93. Lam. ill. 1. t. 8. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 312. and 4. p. 101. t.
9. f. 1.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, tubular,
4- toothed, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short
tube, and 4 ovate segments, deciduous. Stamens 2, a little ex-
serted. Style short ; stigma bifid, with emarginate or entire
segments. Drupe containing a 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded, oblong
nut ; one of the cells often abortive. Albumen fleshy. — Ever-
green trees, with opposite leaves ; and axillary and terminal
panicles of small white flowers.
1 O. olea'ster (HoflTmansegg, fl. port. 1. p. 387.) leaves ob-
long, mucronate, quite entire, hoary beneath while young ;
branches spinescent. It . F. Native of Portugal, in the vicinity
of Lisbon, and other parts of that kingdom ; south of France,
Spain, and Italy. O. Europae'a, var. u, Lin. spec. 1. p. 11. Vahl.
enum. 1. p. 44. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grasc. 1. t. 3. Stev. and
Church, med. hot. 1. t. 15. O. EuropEe'a communis. Ait. hort.
kew. 1. p. 13. Lin. hort. cliflf. 4. O. sylvestris. Mill, dict.no. 3.
— Blackiv'. icon. t. 213. Branches rather quadrangular, hoary.
Leaves green above, and with a few scattered scales beneath.
The leaves are shorter and stiffer than the cultivated olive ; and
the fruit small, and of no value.
mid (Hive. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
2 O. SATivA (HofFmansegg. fl. port. 1. p. 388.) leaves lanceo-
late, mucronate, quite entire, hoary beneath ; branches angular,
but not spinescent. Ij . H. Native of the south of Europe.
O. Europffi'a, Lin. spec. 1. p. 11. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 39. Brot.
fl. lus. 1. p. 10. All. pedem. 1. p. 121. no. 449. Wulf. in
Roem. arch. 3. p. 311. Woodv. med. hot. p. 369. t. 136.
Plenck, icon. t. 11. O. EuropK'a longifblia, Lodd. bot. cab. 456.
O. lancifolia, Moench. O. polymorpha, Risso. Leaves long-lan-
ceolate, green above ; and hoary from small scales beneath.
The cultivated olive is said to have come originally from Asia,
and grows abundantly about Aleppo and Lebanon. It is natu-
ralized in different parts of the south of France, Spain, and Italy ;
and is found in hedges and woods. The var. longifblia is
that chiefly cultivated in the south of France and Italy ; var.
latifolia is chiefly cultivated in Spain ; its fruit is near twice the
size of the common Olive of Provence or Italy, but the oil is so
rank of flavour as to be too strong for most English palates.
The oil, and fruit in a pickled state, are chiefly from Languedoc.
Leghorn, and Naples, to England ; the best oil is from Leghorn,
and the best pickles from Genoa and Marseilles. The tree is
branchy, and of so great longevity, that some plantations in
Italy, as at Terne, are supposed to have existed from the time
of Pliny. It delights in schistous, calcareous steeps, and
does not thrive in elevated situations, or at a distance from the
sea. The best oil is produced from fruit grown in calcareous
soils. Olive oil may be said to form the cream and butter of
Spain and Italy ; and the tree has been celebrated in all ages, as
the bounteous gift of heaven, and as the emblem of peace and
plenty. In Gibbon's Decline and Fall, chap. i. he quotes Pliny
for the following fact. The Olive, in the W^estern World,
followed the progress of peace, of which it was considered as
the symbol. Two centuries after the formation of Rome, both
Italy and Africa were strangers to that useful plant ; it was
naturalized in those countries, and at length carried into the
heart of Spain and Gaul. Its usefulness, the little culture it
requires, and the otherwise barren situations which it renders
productive, quickly spread it over the western face of the
Appenines. The suckers are removed from the parent tree at
all seasons, but is best done in spring and autumn, when the
grounds are ploughed, and sometimes if the trees are thinly
scattered, sown with corn and lupines, otherwise the earth is
merely loosened round the roots, and, in some cases, manure is
then laid round them. The young Olive plant bears at 2 years
OLEINiE. III. Olea.
47
old ; in G years it begins to repay tlie expense of cultivation,
even if the ground is not otherwise cropped ; alter that period,
in good years, the produce is the surest source of wealth to the
farmer, as the tree rivals the oak in longevity ; so that the
common proverb here is, that if you want to leave a lasting
inheritance to your children, plant an Olive. There is an
old Olive tree near Gerecomio, which last year yielded 240
English quarts of oil ; yet its trunk is quite hollow, and its empty
shell seems to have barely enough hold in tlie ground to secure
it against mountain storms. Maria Grahams Three Months
near Rome, p. 4!). The culture of the Olive abroad may be
said to resemble that of grass orchards in Britain. It is pro-
pagated by suckers, large cuttings, or truncheons, planted in
trenches, four feet deep, into which it is still the custom to
deposit stones for encouraging moisture about the roots, as
described by Virgil (Georg. ii. 34C.) It is also propagated by
chips of the root, in the following manner. An old tree is cut
down, and the stock is cut into pieces of nearly the size and
shape of a mushroom, and which, from that circumstance, are
called novoli. Care is taken that each novolo shall have a
small portion of bark. After being dipped in manure, the
novoli are planted thick in a bed, and covered with earth to the
depth of three inches ; they soon throw up shoots, and are trans-
planted at the end of one year, and in three more are fit to be
finally removed to the Olive plantation. With protection
against frost, it may be maintained against a wall in the latitude
of London. In Devonshire some trees have stood many winters
as standards, though without ripening their fruit.
Olive oil is drawn from the Olives in Provence and Italy,
by presses or mills. The fruit is gathered, when at the utmost
maturity, in November, when it begins to redden. They are
put under the mill as soon as gathered ; and care is taken that
the mill-stones are set at such a distance, that they do not crush
the nut of the olives. The pulp covering the stone, and con-
taining the oil in its cells, being thus prepared, is put into bags
made of rushes, and moderately pressed ; and thus is obtained, in
considerable quantity, a greenish, semi-transparent oil, which,
from its superior excellence, is called Virgin oil. The marc
remaining after the first pressure is broken to pieces, is mois-
tened with water, and returned to the press, upon which there
flows out a mixture of oil and water, which spontaneously sepa-
rates from the rest. This oil, tiiough inferior to the former, is
of good quality, and fit for tlie table. The marc is again
broken to pieces, soaked in water, and fermented in large cis-
terns, and is again submitted to the press, by which is obtained a
third oil, that is valuable to the soap-boiler and other manufac-
turers. The Spanish Olives, instead of being gathered, are
beaten down, so that the ripe and unripe ones are mixed ; and
to these are added such as have fallen of themselves, and are,
therefore, more or less decayed. All these are thrown together
in a heap, and soon ferment. The olives in this state are ground
and pressed, and thus is produced, with little trouble, a large
quantity of oil, of a rank and disagreeable flavour. It is possible
that the Spaniards derive the process from the Moors. We
find the same method described in Jackson's History of Morocco.
The best oil comes from Provence ; but that which we have in
this country is generally from Lucca and Florence. When
recently drawn, virgin oil has a bland, almost mucilaginous
taste, with a slight, but agreeable flavour ; it freezes at about
.30 or 38° Fahr., and this disposition to freeze, renders it im-
proper for lamps. The oil is sometimes adulterated with the oil
of poppy-seed, and soon becomes rancid.
Pickled Olives are prepared from unripe fruit, by repeatedly
steeping them in water, to which quicklime, or any alkaline
substance, is sometimes added, to shorten the operation. After-
wards they are soaked in pure water, and then taken out and
bottled in salt and water, with or without an aromatic. They
are eaten abroad as a whet before, and during the principal
meals, and in this country chiefly as a dessert. They are sup-
posed to excite appetite, and promote digestion. The finest
kind of the prepared fruit is called by the merchants Picholini,
after one Picholino, an Italian, who first discovered the art of
pickling Olives.
Medical properties and uses. — The medicinal properties of
olive oil are those of a demulcent, emollient, and laxative. In
catarrh, and other pulmonary affections, it has been used as a
demulcent, in the form of an emulsion ; but the oil of almonds is
more generally employed. It is occasionally recommended to
be internally administered for worms, and to lubricate and
sheath the mucous membrane of the stomach from the action
of acid poisons. Olive oil enters into the composition of
plasters, liniments, cerates, ointments, and enemas. It is applied
externally to prevent the contagious influence of the plague.
Var. ft, longifblia (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves linear-
lanceolate, flat, silvery beneath. \i . F. Native of the south
of Europe. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 456. O. Gallica, Mill. diet,
no. 1. The inhabitants of the south of France chiefly cultivate
this variety, from which they make the best oil. The young
fruit is also most esteemed when pickled. Of this there are
several sub-varieties. The long-leaved European Olive.
Far. y, ferruginea (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves lanceo-
late, acute at both ends, shining and rusty beneath ; panicles
lateral. I2 . F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope and the
Mauritius. Perhaps a distinct species.
Var. (1, latifblia (Ait, hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves oblong,
flat, hoary beneath. Tj . F. Native of the south of Europe.
O. Hispanica, Mill. diet. no. 2. O. sativa, Bauh. pin. 472. —
Blackw. t. 199. O'lea, Dodon. pempt. 821. This variety is
chiefly cultivated in Spain. The fruit is almost twice the size
of the Provence olive, or Var. ft, longifblia, but of a strong
rank flavour ; and the oil is too strong for most English palates.
Var. £, ohltqua (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves oblong, bent
obliquely, pale beneath. I;; . F. Native of the south of
Europe.
Var. '(, huxifblia (Ait. 1. c.) leaves oblong-ovate ; branches
spreading, divaricate. Pj . F. Native of the south of Europe.
Var. T], Cajetana (Pentagn. istit. 2. p. 19.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate ; flowers racemose. I-; . F. Native of the south of
Europe.
* The following are the varieties of olive cultivated in Spain,
and described in Herrera agricult. gen. 1818. p. 351. hy Don
Roxas C'lemente y Rubio.
Var. 1. ovcita (Clem. 1. c.)leaves small; fruit small, obovate.
Var. 2. ovalis (Clem. 1. c.) leaves small ; fruit oval, small,
very black. Ol. Eur. ovata, Gouan.
Var. 3. tenax {Clem. \. c.) leaves narrow, hardly silvery on
the back ; fruit tough.
Var. 4. argcniea (Clem. 1. c.) leaves middle-sized, silvery
beneath, but green and shining above ; fruit globose, middle-
sized, very black. O. Europ. praj'cox. Gouan.
Var. 5. Jrolensis (Clem. 1. c.) leaves obtuse, narrow, less
intensely green and shining above, and narrower than in
no. 8. Fruit rounder, black, mottled with white and violaceous
marks.
Var. 6. pomiformis (Clem. 1. c.) fruit globose, larger than any
other variety, very black. Leaves broader and smoother than
in no. 9. O. Europ. sphas'rica, Gouan.
Var. 7. regalis (Clem. 1. c.) branches less vertical than in
no. 9. ; leaves larger, having the nerves more prominent. Fruit
form of a filbert, black, more globose than in no. 9. Ol.
Europ. Hispanica, Roz.
48
OLEINiE. III. Olea.
Far. 8. Hispalensls (Clem. 1. c.) wood lei5s hard and more
white than in no. 1., and the leaves are more lucid beneath, and
broader, and the branches are longer and more erect. Fruit
of a dark violet colour, cherry shajjed. O. Europaj'arfegia, Roz.
Far. 9. maxima (Clem. 1. c.) trunk and branches as in no. 7.
Leaves larger than any of the other varieties, not very green,
but with manifest veins. Fruit large, acuminated. O. Europ.
amygdallna, Gouan.
Var. 10, ceratocarpa (Clem. 1. c.) fruit more or less arched,
sometimes semicircular, an inch and more long, but never thick.
O. Europ. odor^ta, Gouan.
Var. 11, rostrata (Clem. 1. c.) branches and leaves as in no. 9.
Fruit not much acuminated, nor very black ; long and middling
thick.
Var. 12, empeltre (Arias) trunk dwarf, with smooth bark.
Leaves pale green, rather broad.
Var. 13, AeriffjrM;;; (Arias.) dwarf, with pendulous branches.
Cultivated Olive. Fl. Jii. Aug. Cit. 1570. Tr. 20 to 30 ft.
2 O. la'ncea (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 40. Lam. ill. 1. p. 29.)
leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, of the same
colour on both surfaces ; racemes panicled, terminal. h . S.
Native of the Isle of France. Branches dotted. Drupe ob-
long, acute. Blum., in his bijdr. p. 682., says the leaves have
depressed glands in the axils of the veins beneath. O. exas-
perata, Willd. enura. suppl. hardly differs from this, unless in
the leaves being less acute and a little larger.
ZaHce-ieaved Olive. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Tr. 20 ft.
3 O. America'na (Lin. syst. 57. mant. 24. Vahl. enum. 1.
p. 41.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate; thyrse rather compound, axil-
lary, narrow; bracteas ovate, permanent, connate. fj . H.
Native of Carolina, Florida, &c. Michx. hist. arb. amer. 3.
t. 6. — Catesb. car. 1. t. 61. Branches rather tetragonal. Leaves
4 inches long, rather coriaceous, shining. Flowers by threes,
almost sessile. Fruit purple, globose, containing an edible nut.
Corolline segments rcvolute. Perhaps a distinct genus.
American OYwe. Fl. June. Clt. 1758. Tree.
4 O. Cape'nsis (Lin. spec. 11. Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 39.)
leaves oblong ; flowers disposed in racemose, terminal panicles.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. hot. reg.
613. O. bvixifolia, Mill. diet. Branches rather tetragonal,
from decurrent lines. Leaves coriaceous, dense, and rigid, de-
cussate, always paler beneath. Corollas white. Drupe rather
wrinkled, size of a pea.
Var. /3, coriacea (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves ovate-
oblong, stiff, flat; petioles red. I^ . G. — Dill. hort. elth. 193.
t. 160. f. 194.— Burm. afr. p. 234. t. 81. f. 2.
Var. y, undulata (Ait. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, waved ; petioles
green. Jj . G. O. undulata, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. t. 2.
Lodd. hot. cab. 379. O. laurif olia, Lam. ill. 1. p. 29.— Burm.
afr. 233. t. 81. f. 1.
C(j;)e Olive. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1730. Tree tall.
5 O. exce'lsa (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 14. ed. 2. 1. p. 22.)
leaves elliptic, acute ; bracteas perfoliate : lower ones cup-shaped
and permanent, superior ones large, foliaceous, and deciduous.
I7 . F. Native of Madeira. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 3. enum. 1.
p. 42. O. exasperata, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 252. Branches
rough from small tubercles. Leaves 2-3 inches long and \\
broad, sometimes 3 in a whorl, paler beneath. Panicles tri-
chotomous, many-flowered. Flowers rather large. Drupe oval,
size of a pea, purplish brown.
Tall OWve. Fl. May. Clt. 1784. Tree.
6 O. ape'tala (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 3. but not of Andr. End-
licher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 56.) racemes axillary, shorter than
the leaves. h.G. Native of Norfolk Island. " Bauer, ill. pi.
ins. norf. t. 172.
Apetalous Olive. Shrub.
7 O. fra^grans (Thunb. fl. FIG. 8.
jap. p. 18. t. 2.) leaves elliptic-
lanceolate, a little serrated ;
pedicels 1 -flowered, axillary, and
lateral, aggregate from scaly
buds. (j.G. Native of Japan,
China, and Cochinchina. Vahl,
enum. 1. p. 43. Sims. hot.
mag. t. 1552. Osmanthus fr^-
grans. Lour. coch. p 29. Moksei,
Kaempf amcen.5.p.844. Quaifa,
Osb. itin. engl. ed. 2. p. 14.
Branches and branchlets tricho-
tomous. Leaves 2 inches long,
acuminated, shining above and
pale beneath. This tree is cul-
tivated much in China, Cochin-
china, and Japan in the gardens, for the sake of its sweet-
scented flowers, which are said to be put into teas to give them
flavour. Flowers yellowish or almost white, (f. 8.)
Fragrant OWve. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1771. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
8 O. panicula'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 528.) leaves lanceolate-
elliptic, acuminated, quite entire ; ultimate peduncles of the pa-
nicle 3-flowered. ^ . G. Native of New South Wales ; and of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Panic/ffZ-flowered Olive. Fh July. Clt. 1825. Tree 10 ft.
9 O. Heynea'na (Wall. cat. no. 2823.) leaves broad, oblong,
acuminated, attenuated at the base, repandly toothed ; peduncles
lateral and axillary, solitary, trichotomous, each fork or branch
bearing almost sessile flowers at the apex ; fruit oblong. Tj . G.
Native of the East Indies.
Heijne's Olive. Shrub or tree.
10 O. compa'cta (Wall. cat. no. 2819.) leaves elliptic, acu-
minated, glabrous, quite entire ; panicle thyrsoid, terminal, gla-
brous ; flowers crowded. fj . G. Native of Kamaon and
Sirniore. Tube of corolla hardly longer than the calyx.
Perhaps a species of Ligustrum.
Compact Olive. Shrub or tree.
11 O. ? GRANDiFLORA (Wall. Cat. no. 2820.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, quite entire, glabrous ; branchlets warted ; panicles
thyrsoid, terminal, downy ; corolla funnel-shaped. ^ . G. Na-
tive of Nipaul. Phillyrea grandiflora, Wall. herb. Perhaps
a species of Ligustrum.
Great-Jlon'ered Olive. Tree.
12 O. sALiciFotiA (Wall. cat. no. 2821.) glabrous, leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated, quite entire, rather glaucous ; panicles axil-
lary and terminal. \ . G. Native of Silhet, on the mountains.
Var. ft; leaves broader, obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, some-
times furnished with 1 or 2 teeth on each side. 'j . S. Native
along with the species.
fl illow-leaved Olive. Shrub or tree.
13 O. Likdle'i (Wall. cat. no. 6305.) glabrous; branches
warted ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; panicles
thyrsoid, terminal, downy. Ip . G. Native of Silhet. Calyx
small, obsoletely toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a longish
tube.
Lindley's Olive. Shrub.
14 O. attenua'ta (Wall. cat. no. 2839.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate-oblong, entire, acuminated, or obovate, coriaceous, pale
beneath ; panicles terminal, divaricate ; corolla spreading, 4-
petalled ; fruit oblong. Pj . G. Native of the Burman empire,
on the banks of the river Martaban.
Altenuated-haved Olive. Shrub or tree.
15 O. clava'ta ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, smooth;
branches drooping; panicles terminal. ^. G. Native of
China. Phillyrea paniculata, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 100. O.
OLEINyE. III. Olea. IV. NoRONHiA. V. Paciiyderma.
49
Roxburgliiana, Spreng. I. p. 34, but not of Roem. et Schultes.
Leaves glaucous beneath. Drupe obliquely obovate, size of a
French bean, containing a solitary nut and the rudiment of
another. Stigma entire, clavate. Corolla funnel-shaped, small,
white. Very like a species of Liguslrum.
C/rti'a/e-stigmaed Olive. Tree 20 feet.
16 O. cuspida'ta (Wall. cat. no. 2817.) glabrous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, cuspidate at the
apex, rusty beneath ; panicles terminal and axillary. 5j . G.
Native of Kamaon.
Cusjiidale Olive. Shrub or tree.
17 O. MARiTiMA (Wall. cat. no. 2813.) glabrous; leaves
ovate, acuminated, coriaceous, sometimes repandly toothed ;
panicles terminal, thyrsoid. h . S. Native of Singapore and
Malacca.
Sea-side Olive. Shrub or tree.
18 O. ROBu'sTA (Wall. cat. no. 2822.) leaves ovate-oblong,
entire, acuminated, glabrous; panicles terminal, large and
spreading, villous. \2 ■ ^- Native of Silhet, where it is called
Bhooee-moora by the natives, whom it furnishes with very hard
durable wood. Philly'rea robusta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 101.
Young roots dotted with whitish specks. Panicle villous.
.Stigma emarginate. Berries subcylindrical.
Robust OWve. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Tree large.
19 O. GLANDULiFEEA (Wall. Cat. uo. 2811.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic-oblong, long-acuminated, entire ; panicles terminal and
axillary. I^ • G. Native of Nipaul and Kamaon, &c.
Gland-bearing Olive. Shrub or tree.
20 O. ? PAUciFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 2812.) leaves broad-
elliptic, rounded at both ends, or attenuated at the base, rather
rusty beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal : having the outer
divisions of the panicle 2-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Penang.
Leaves sometimes attenuated at both ends, and acuminated.
Few-Jiowered Olive, Tree.
21 O. acumina'ta (Wall. eat. no. 2809.) glabrous: leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, attenuated at both
ends; fascicles of flowers axillary; pedicels 1-flowered, rising
from scaly buds ; petals narrow. J; . S. Native of Sirmore,
Penang, Nipaul, Silhet, &c. Fruit oblong. Perhaps a species
of NotelcE'a.
Aciiiiiinated-\ea\ed Olive. Tree 20 feet.
22 O. microca'ri'a (Vahl, enum. I. p. 43.) leaves elliptic,
acuminated, serrated ; racemes terminal. fj . G. Native of
Cochin-china. Philly'rea I'ndica, Lour. coeh. p. 19. O. rigida,
Hort. eels. A middle-sized, much-branched tree, with spread-
ing, twisted branches. Leaves small, glabrous, reflexed. Drupe
small, round, black.
Sma/l-fruiled Olive. Shrub or tree.
23 O. Roxburghia'na (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 77.)
leaves oblong, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles axillary and extra
axillary ; bracteas deciduous ; lobes of stigma divaricate, h . G.
Native of the Circar mountains. O. paniculata, Roxb. fl. ind. 1.
p. 104. but not of R. Br. Leaves waved. Segments of corolla
oblong, concave : with sharp, incurved points. Leaves 5 inches
long and 2 broad.
Roxburgir s OWve. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Tree small.
24 O. Dioic.\ (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. lOo.) leaves oblong, ser-
rated ; panicles axillary ; flowers dioecious. I7 . G. Native
of Silhet and Cbittagong ; in the former country it is called
Atta-jam. Tetrapilus brachiatus. Lour. coch. p. 611.? Leaves
tapering to both ends, smooth, 4-8 inches long, and 2-4 broad.
Female flowers without a corolla. Drupe, in size and colour,
much like a common sloe. This olive grows to a pretty large
tree, the timber of which is reckoned excellent, and put to
many uses by the natives.
Dioecious Olive. Fl. Mar. Clt. 1818. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
VOL. IV.
25 O. Wightia'na (Wall. cat. no. 2815.) leaves elliptic, atte-
nuated at both ends, acuminated at the apex, distantly toothed
from below the middle, glabrous ; panicles terminal and axillary,
divaricate, glabrous. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. O.
dioica, var. Wight, herb. Leaves broad, very like those of
O. dioica.
Wight's Olive. Tree or shrub.
26 O. VERRUCOSA (Link. enum. 1. p. 33.) branchlets warted;
leaves lanceolate, white beneath; fruit nearly globose. T^.G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. O. Europse'a, Thunb.
prod. p. 2. fl. cap. 1. p. 37. O. sativa, var.n, verrucosa, Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 69. O. Africana, Mill. diet. — Burm. afr.
p. 237. t. 83. f. 2. Branches somewhat tetragonal at the top.
Leaves obtuse, with an acumen, entire, greyish beneath. Panicle
ternately compound. Bracteas opposite, deciduous. Drupe
size of a pea, hardly fleshy.
frnj-W-branched Olive. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1814. Tree
40 feet.
Cult. Most of the species of olive are admired for the fra-
grance of their flowers in our greenhouses. The soil best suited
to them is a mixture of peat and loam. Ripened cuttings strike
root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, those of the stove spe-
cies in heat. They may also be increased by grafting on the
common privet. 0. oleaster and O. sat'iva will endure our
winters against a south wall.
IV. NORONHIA (in honour of C. Noronha, a traveller in
Madagascar, Isle of France, &c.). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 7.
Poir. in nouv. diet, des sc. nat. Bojer, in Hook. bot. misc.
2. p. 167. — O'lea species, Vahl.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogijnia. Calyx small, 4-cleft,
Corolla globular, thick, deeply 4-cleft. Anthers 2, at the bottom
of the tube of the corolla, and lying in its substance. Ovarium
small, conical, 2-celled, 4-seeded. Style none. Drupe oblong
or roundish, containing a 2-celled nut ; testa solid. Seed soli-
tary, with a superior radicle ? and thick cotyledons, without
albumen. — Small trees, with opposite leaves and axillary ra-
cemes of flowers.
1 N. ce'rnua ; glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, very
blunt, sometimes emarginate ; racemes simple, axillary, solitary,
twin or tern ; flowers drooping. Pj . S. Native of the Mauri-
tius. Olea cernua, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 3. O. obtusifolia. Lam.
ill. 1. p. 28. Branches marked with elevated dots. Leaves
with reflexed edges. Bracteas ovate, solitary at the base of
the pedicels, and twin under each calyx. Flowers twice the size
of those of the common olive.
Drooping-'AovieteA Noronhia. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet.
2 N. emakgina'ta (Poir. 1. c. Hook. 1. c. t. 88.) leaves
obovate, emarginate; racemes axillary. F? . S. Native of
Madagascar. N. chartacea, Stadm. mss. N. Binia, Pet. Th.
gen. med. no. 7. OMea emarginata, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 42.
Lam. diet. 4. p. 545. ill. t. 8. f. 2. Branches glabrous. Leaves
2-4 inches long, glabrous, shining. It is grown in the gardens
of the Mauritius, under the name of Ponai des hides. Fruit size
of a walnut, edible. There appear to be two species confused
under this name, one with coriaceous emarginate leaves, and ter-
minal panicled racemes of flowers ; and another with chartaceoiis
emarginate leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers.
EmarginateAeaMeUt Noronhia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1825.
Tree 20 feet.
Cult. See Olea, above, for culture and propagation.
V. PACHYDE'RMA (from vaxvc, pachys, thick, and ("itp^o,
derma, a skin ; berries). Blum, bijdr. p. 682.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogijnia. Calyx obsoletcly 4-
toothed. Corolla globose, coriaceous, with a half 4-cleft border.
Stamens 2, very short, inserted above the base of the corolla.
H
50
OLEIN^. VI. Myxopyrum. VII. Chionanthus. VIII. Chondrospermum.
Ovarium 2-celled ; cells biovulate. Stigma almost sessile,
obtuse. Berry nearly dry, 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Em-
bryo inverted — This genus is nearly allied to Glea, but it
differs from that genus in the globose corolla, undivided stigma,
and baccate fruit. — A tree with opposite leaves, and terminal
panicles of flowers.
1 P. Java'nicum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, acutish at the base, quite entire, glabrous, rather veiny,
on short petioles ; panicles terminal, brachiate, length of leaves.
V} . S. Native of Java, in woods on mount Salak, where it is
called Patjar-gunung.
Java Pachyderma. Tree.
Cult. See O'lea, p. 49. for culture and propagation.
VI. MYXOPY^RUM (from {xvla, myxa, mucus, and -Kvprji',
pyren, a r\vi\.\ nuts covered with mucilage). Blum, bijdr. p. 683.
Lin. syst. Dihidria, Monogynia. Calyx small, qiiadrifid.
Corolla globose, coriaceous, plicate inside ; livnb quadrifid. Sta-
mens 2, inclosed; filaments very short, inserted in the middle
of the tube. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Stigma
thick, sessile, angular at the side, and bicuspidate at the apex.
Drupe coriaceous, 1-2-celled, containing 1-4 angular, 1-seeded
nuts, which are covered with mucilage. Albumen horny.
Embryo erect. — A climbing shrub, with tetragonal branches ;
opposite elliptic-oblong, 3-nerved, glabrous leaves, which are
sometimes serrated at the apex ; and axillary and lateral pani-
cles of flowers. Nearly allied to Noronhia.
1 M. NERVOSUM (Blum. 1. c). >j . ^. S. Native of Java,
in calcareous places near Kuripan, and at the foot of mount
Salak.
NervedAeoMeA Myxopyrum. Shrub cl.
Cult. See O'lea, p. 49. for culture and propagation.
VII. CHIONA'NTHUS (from x'wv, chion, snow, and ayQoQ,
ayithos, a flower ; in reference to the snow white flowers of the
species). Lin. gen. no. 21. Juss. gen. 105. Gsertn. fruct. 1.
t. 39. Lam. ill. t. 9. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-parted,
or 4-toothed. Corolla with a short tube and a 4-parted limb ;
segments of the limb long and linear. Style hardly any ; stigma
2-lobed. Anthers almost sessile. Drupe baccate, containing a
striated nut. Seeds albuminous. — Trees, having the branch-
lets compressed at top. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Ra-
cemes simple or compound, terminal or axillary. Flowers snow
white. This genus differs principally in the figure of the seg-
ments of the corolla from 0 lea.
1 C. ViKGiNicA (Lin. spec. p. 11.) racemes terminal; pe-
duncles 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; leaves lanceolate, gla-
brous. I;. H. Native of North America. Lodd. hot. cab.
1204. Duh. arb. 1. p. 165. t. 63.— Catesb. car. 1. t. 68.
Leaves resembling those of a laurel ; the flowers come out in
May, hanging in long bunches, from whence the inhabitants call
it Snow-drop-tree ; and from the corolla being cut into narrow
segments they also give it the name of Fr'mge-lree. Drupe
purplish.
Var. a, lalifolia ; leaves ovate-elliptic, having the nerves
downy beneath. T2 • H. Native of Carolina. — Catesb. car.
t. 69. — Kern. t. 607. Leaves oval-lanceolate, coriaceous, gla-
brous; panicles dense ; drupes oval. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
P- ^- .
Far. /3; angustifolja (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 23.)
leaves lanceolate, glabrous. ^ . H. Ch. trifida, Ma?nch.
Var. y, marUima (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 8.) leaves obo-
vate-lanceolate, membranous, pubescent ; panicles very loose ;
drupes elliptic, t^ . H. Native of North America, by the sea-
side.
Virginian Fringe-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1796. Tree
10 to 30 feet.
2 C. axilla'ris (R. Br. prod. p. 523.) spikes axillary, very
short ; leaves oblong-elliptic, acute. Tj . G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. Flowers white.
^a;; Wary-flowered Fringe-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
3 C. incrassa'ta (Swartz, prod. 13. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 24.;
branches of panicle decussate or fastigiate ; flowers pedicellate ;
corollas tetragonal, with erect, thickened segments ; leaves ob-
long. I? . G. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains.
Leaves rather coriaceous, with a short, obtuse acumen. Ulti-
mate peduncles 3-flowered. Corollas white, with terete, sub-
clavate segments.
Thickened Fringe-tree. Tree tall.
4 C. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233.)
panicles terminal, short, trifid : with 3-flowered peduncles ;
corollas red, with linear segments ; leaves elliptic-oblong, blunt-
ish, coriaceous, clothed with soft down beneath. H . G. Na-
tive of New Granada, near Gonzanama, Llanos de Trigo-
Baniba, and Salto del Frayle, where it is called Aruiw by the
natives. Panicles rising before the leaves, downy, corymb-
formed.
Downy Fringe-tree. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. The Ch. Virginicus is a fine large ornamental shrub.
It thrives best in a moist light loamy soil. It is generally in-
creased by seed received from America; by layering it is diffi-
cult, if the soil be not moist. By grafting or budding it on the
common ash it succeeds very well. The greenhouse kinds
grow freely in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and ripened
cuttings of them will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in a
little heat.
VIII. CHONDROSPE'RMUM (from xo'-^poc. chondros, a
lump, and (nrepi-ia, sperma, a seed ; form of seed). Wall. cat.
2837. and 2838. — Chionanthus species. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1.
p. 108.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 4-
toothed ; teeth lanceolate, acute, with purple edges. Corolla
funnel-shaped, rather fleshy, having a large obscurely 4 sided
tube, which is longer than the calyx ; and a 4-parted spread-
ing limb, which is longer than the tube ; segments linear-
clavate, blunt, vertical, and thickened at their apexes ; throat
closed by the anthers. Stamens 2, inserted above the base of
the tube ; antliers fleshy, with 2 marginal cells ; situated between
the 2 opposite fissures of the border, hardly elevated above the
tube. Ovarium ovate, 2-celled. Ovulum solitary, inserted by
its base 1 — A rambling evergreen shrub, with ash-coloured,
separating bark ; large, opposite, 3-nerved leaves; and axillary
and terminal, brachiate panicles of small, greenish yellow flowers.
1 C. sMiLAciFOLiuM (Wall. Cat. no. 2837.). t^ • w- ^- Native
of the forests of Chittagong, where it is called Chunalata ; also
of the Burmese empire, on mount Taong Dong, if C. coriaceum.
Wall. cat. no. 2838. be the same. Chionanthus smilacifolia.
Wall. fl. ind. 1. p. 108. Ligustrum laurifolium, Roxb. hort.
beng. p. 32. Branches and peduncles 4-sided. Leaves 5-7 inches
long, and 3 broad, 3-nerved, coriaceous, pale beneath, undulated,
and bullated between the principal nerves ; nerves and veins
much elevated beneath, and uniting a little above the base.
Flowers small, almost scentless. The erect position of the
ovula seems to indicate its belonging to the order Jasminece.
The aestivation of the corolla is valvate.
Sinilax-leaved Chondrospermum. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'lea, p. 49.
OLEIN^. IX. Syringa. X. Forsytiha. XI. Fontanesia. XII. Notel;ea.
51
Tribe III.
SYRI'NGEjE. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate, 4-
parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled.
IX. SYRINGA (ffi/piys, sijrinx, a pipe ; the branches are
long and straight, and are filled with medulla ; hence the old
name of the lilac, pipe-tree. LinntBus places it among poetical
names. The story of the njmph Syrinx in Ovid is well known.
The English name of the genus is from lilac or lilag, the Persian
word for a flower). Lin. gen. no. 22. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 49.
Lilac, Tourn. inst. t. 372. Juss. gen. p. 105. Lila, Flieder.
LiN. SYST, Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-toothed. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-parted limb. Stamens 2, inclosed.
Stigma bifid. Capsule ovate, compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved,
2-seeded ; valves navicular, with a narrow dissepiment in the
middle. — Shrubs with simple leaves ; and thyrsoid terminal
panicles of flowers, which are oppositely branched. Flowers
purple or white.
1 S. vulga'ris (Lin. spec. 11.) leaves ovate-cordate, acumin-
ated. Tj . H. Native of Persia, and of Hungary, in chalky
])recipices in the Cverna valley, and mount Domoglet, as well
as the whole group of rocks along the Danube. Lam. ill. t. 7.
Schmidt, oestr. baum. t. 77. Duhara. arb. 2. t. 138. Schkuhr,
handb. 1. t. 2. Lilac vulgaris, Gasrtn. Leaves glabrous, shin-
ing, broad. The common lilac, now so plentiful in every plant-
ation, was a great rarity in the year 1597.
far. CI, ccerulea. The common blue lilac. — Ger. emac. 1399.
f. 2. — -Clus. hist. 1. p. 5(5.— Besl. eyst. t. 1. f. 2. — Park. par.
407. t. 409. f. 4. theat. 1467. f. 1.
Var. /3, violcicca. The common purple lilac. Curt. bot. mag.
183. Mill. fig. t. 163.
far. y, lilba. The common white lilac.
Common Lilac. Fl. May. Clt. 1590. Siirub 8 to 10 feet.
2 S. Emodi (Wall. cat. no. 2831.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
glaucous beneath, attenuated at the base, and acuminated at the
apex. fj . H. Native of Kamaon, towards the Himalaya.
Branches warted. Thyrse terminal, panicled. Capsules almost
cylindrical. Bud scales permanent at the base of the year's
slioots. Flowers apparently purple.
Emodi Lilac. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. ?
3 S. Josik.e"a (Jacq. in bot. zeit. 1831. t. 67. Rchb. pl.crit.
no. 10 19. t. 780.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, ciliated,
wrinkled, glabrous, on short petioles, white beneath. Ij . H.
Native of Transylvania. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3278. Lindl. bot.
reg. 1733. Flowers purple.
Josikas Lilac. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1832. Sli. 6 to 8 ft.
4 S. Chine'nsis (Willd. spec. 1. p. 48. berl. baum. 498.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate. I7 . H. Native of China. S. diabia,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 9. Lilaceum Rothamagense, Renault, fl. de
Torn. p. 100. S. media, Dum.
Cours. 1. p. 709. Flowers
purple. An intermediate plant
l)etween S. vulgare and <S'. Per-
sica. Ill Belgium there is a hy-
brid between this and .S'. vnl-
gare, called Lilac de Merli,
which is probably S. Rothama-
gensis, Turp. et Poit. fl. de Par.
Chinese Lilac. Fl. May, Ju.
Clt. 1795. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
5 S. Pe'rsica (Lin. spec.
1 1.) leaves small, lanceolate,
entire. ^i . H. Native of
Persia. Curt. bot. mag. 486.
Mill. fig. 164. f. 1. Lilac
minor, Mcench. Lilac Persica,
FIG. 9.
Lam. — Munting. t. 57. — Pluk. phyt. 227. f. 8. Flowers pur-
ple, (f. 9.)
Var. /3, alba ; leaves lanceolate, entire ; flowers white.
The White Persian Lilac.
far. y, laciniata {MM. diet. no. 3. fig. t. 164. f. 2.) leaves
jagged or pinnatifid ; flowers purple. H . H. Lin. hort.
cliff. 6. I,odd. bot. cab. 1107. Munting, t. 56. — Tourn. inst.
602. S. capitata, Gmel. itin. 3. p. 304. t. 32. f. 1.— Schmidt,
arb. 2. p. 79. The cat-leaved Persian Lilac.
Peraan Lilac. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1640. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
6 S. viLLosA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 38.) leaves oblong, acute
at both ends, villous beneath. I7 . H. Native of China, on
mountains about Pekin. Thyrse terminal. Perhaps the same
as Ligiistrum Sinense, Lour.
I'illous Lilac. Shrub.
Cult. The species of Lilac are well known elegant shrubs.
They are very proper for shrubberies, and are increased very
readily by layers, or by suckers from the root.
X. FORSY'THIA (named after William Forsyth, his Ma-
jesty's gardener at Kensington ; author of Observations on the
Diseases of Trees, with an account of a particular method of
cure. London, 1791, &c.) Vahl, enum. 1. p. 39. — Syringa
species, Thunb. — Lilac species. Lam.
Lin. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co-
rolla sub-campanulatej quadrifid. Stamens equal in length to
the calyx, with short filaments and oblong anthers. Style length
of calyx; stigma 2-lobed. — An ascending depending shrub,
with tetragonal branches : and oval, serrated, simple, or ternate
leaves. Flowers 1-2-3 together, yellow. Calycine segments
lanceolate.
1 F. suspe'nsa (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 39.). (7 . F. Native of
Japan, where it is often cultivated for the elegance of its flowers.
Syringa suspensa, Thunb. fl. jap. 19. t. 3. Lilac perpense.
Lam. diet. 3. p. 515. Rengio, Koempf. amoen. 5. p. 907.
Suspended Forsythia. Shrub hanging.
Ciill. For culture and propagation see BoUvaria, p. 58.
XI. FONTANE'SIA (named after M. Rene Louiche Des-
fontaines, author of Flora Atlantica, 2 vols. 4to. Paris. 1798-
1799, and several other works). Labill. pi. syr. dec. 1. p. 9. t. 1.
Lam. ill. 1. t. 22.
Lin. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-6 parted, per-
manent. Corolla 4-6 parted, deciduous. Stamens 2, elongated.
Stigma bifid, hooked. Capsule a 2-4-winged, 2-celled, papery,
indehiscent samara; cells 1-seeded. — An evergreen shrub, with
lanceolate leaves, and axillary racemes of whitish-yellow flowers.
Habit of Philly'rea media. This genus seems to be a connecting
link between the tribe Fraxiniece and Oliece.
1 F. PHiLLYREoiDEs (Labill. syr. dec. 1. p. 9. t. 1.). Ij • F-
Native of Syria, between Laodicea and mount Cassius, and of
Sicily. Lodd. bot. cab. 1308. Leaves acute at both ends.
P/tillyrea-like Fontanesia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub 10
to 1 4 feet.
Cult. This shrub will stand in the open air, in a sheltered
situation, such as against a south wall, with a little protection
in severe winters, although it is generally treated as a green-
house plant. It may either be increased by cuttings, under a
hand-glass, or by layering.
Tribe IV.
NOTELvET^. Calyx 4-parted or 4-cleft. Corolla of 4
petals. Stamens 2. Fruit drupaceous or capsular.
XII. NOTEL^'A (from voTOQ,notos, south, and tXaui, elaia,
an olive ; in reference to the genus being allied to O'lca, and
from its native country). Vent, choix. t. 25. R. Br. prod,
p. 527.— Rhyzospermum, Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 232. t. 224.
H 2
52
OLEIN^. XII. NoTELfiA. XIII. LiNOCIERA.
Lin. syst. Dlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-toolhed. Co-
rolla of 4 petals ; petals ovate, connected by pairs to the fila-
ments at the base. Stigma bifid. Drupe containing a charta-
ceous, 1 -seeded putamen. Albumen wrinkled. — Small evergreen
trees or shrubs, with the habit of olive. Leaves quite entire.
Flowers white, in axillary racemes.
1 N. LONGiFOLiA (Vent, choix. t. 25.) leaves lanceolate, reti-
culately veined on both surfaces, more or less downy beneath,
dotless ; calycine segments unequal ; stigma bifid. I; . G. Na-
tive of New" South Wales. O'lea apetala, Andr. bot. rep. 316.
'i'here are varieties of this shrub with lanceolate, acuminated,
and elliptic leaves, which are either smoothish beneath or clothed
with copious soft down.
Long-leaved Notelrea. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1 790. Shrub.
2 N. puncta'ta (R. Br. ])rod. p. 528.) leaves lanceolate,
attenuated at the base, veiny above, quite glabrous, but dotted
beneath and obsoletely veined. ^ . G. Native of New Hol-
land, within the tropic.
Z)o»e</-leaved Notelaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Sh.
3 N. ova"ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate, glabrous, without
dots ; calycine segments equal; stigma sessile, undivided. I; . G.
Native of New South Wales.
Ovate-\ea\eA Notelsea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
4 N. ligu'strina (Vent, choix. t. 456.) leaves narrow-lan-
ceolate, elongated, petiolate, quite glabrous, with simple margins,
dotted beneath, having the veins on both sides obsolete, f; . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Racemes length of leaves.
Pnyei-Wce Notelaea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1807. Shrub.
5 N. microca'rpa (R. Br. prod. p. 524.) leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, elongated, attenuated at the base, almost sessile, quite
glabrous, obsoletely dotted beneath, and having the veins mani-
fest above. \ . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
The drupe in this species is smaller than a pea, while in A^. li-
gustr'ma it is larger.
Small-fruited Notelsea. Shrub.
6 N. Posu'a (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 107.) leaves el-
liptic-oblong, acuminated ; pedicels axillary, drooping, glo-
merate, l-flowered ; calycine teeth equal; stigma capitate.
}}. G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. O'lea Posua, Hamilt.
mss. Oiea Buchanani, Herb. Lamb. Leaves 4-5 inches long,
and 1-1^ or 2 broad.
Posua Notelasa. Shrub.
■f A doubtful species.
7 N. RiciDA (Desf. arbr. 1. p. 120.) leaves stiff, broad-lan-
ceolate, quite entire ; racemes axillary, h^ ■ G. Native of Van
Diemen's Land, where it was collected during the expedition
of Baudin.
,ft(J-leaved Notelaea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub.
Cull. The species of this genus thrive well in a mixture of
loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings root freely under a hand-
glass, in sand.
XIII. LINOCIFRA (named by Swartz, after Geofroy Li-
nocier, a physician at Tournon, in the Vivaraes ; author of
L'Histoire des Plantes, Paris, 1584. 12mo.). Swartz in Schreb.
gen. no. 1709. p. 178. fl. ind. 1. t. 2. Gsertn. fruct. t. 215.
Thouinia, Swartz, prod. 14. — Chionanthus, spec. Jacq. Lin.
and Swartz. — Mayepea, Aubl. — Ceranthus, Schreb. gen. 1. p. 14.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogyiua. Calyx 4-toothed. Co-
rolla of 4 linear petals, mucli longer than the calyx, which are
connected by pairs to the filaments at the base. Anthers 2, elon-
gated ; filaments short. Stigma 2-cleft. Drupe 2-celled ;
cells 1 -seeded. —Evergreen trees, with entire leaves, and tricho-
tonious panicles of white or yellow flowers.
* Species natives of South America.
1 L. ligu'strina (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 49.) flowers
panicled, pedicellate ; petals reflexed ; leaves lanceolate. Tj . S.
Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 46.
Thouinia ligi'istrina, Swartz, prod. 15. Branches beset with ele-
vated dots. Leaves 2-3 inches long, shining, obtuse at top.
Petals obtuse, concave, white.
Privet-tike Linociera. Clt. 1820. Tree.
2 L. LATiFOLiA (Vahl 1. p. 46.) flowers panicled, axillary;
peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers sessile ; leaves elliptic, acumin-
ated. ^.S. Native of St. Domingo and the Antilles. Chio-
nanthus Domingensis, Lam. ill. 1. p. 30. It differs from the
preceding in the leaves being broader, firmer, and less shining
and acuminated ; in the petals being broader and thinner.
Drupe oblong, size of a pea.
Broad-leaved Linociera. Tree.
3 L. glomera'ta (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 98. t. 164.) racemes
compound ; peduncles many-flowered ; flowers sessile ; petals
linear-lanceolate, hardly broader at the base ; leaves oblong,
acuminated, glabrous above, but densely clothed with yellowish
tomentum beneath in the axils of the nerves. f2 • ^- Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in the district of
the New Mines, or Minas Novas, among bushes in dry moun-
tainous places. Flowers yellow.
Gfomern/e-flowered Linociera. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
4 L. compa'cta (R. Br. prod. p. 523. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2.
vol. 1. p. 23.) racemes compound and decompound ; peduncles
3-flowered ; flowers almost sessile ; petals attenuated, subulate.
tj . S. Native of the West Indies. Chionanthus corapacta,
Swartz, prod. p. 13. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 44. Chionanthus Cari-
bse'a, Jacq. coll, 2. p. 110. t. 6. f. 1. Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 22.
Ceranthus, Schreb. gen. 1. p. 14. Ceranthus Screberi, Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 26. — Pluk. aim. 224. f. 2. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic,
acuminated, often a hand long. Calyxes villous. Petals snow
white. Anthers acute.
Compact Linociera. Clt. 1793. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
5 L. ? tetra'ndra (R. Br. prod. p. 523.) panicles trichoto-
mous, axillary ; flowers pedicellate, tetrandrous ; petals ovate,
attenuated, subulate ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute. I^ . S.
Native of Guiana. Chionanthus tetrandra, Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 45. Mayepea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 81. t.31. Chio-
nanthus incrassata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 47. Chion. Guianensis,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 5. Calyx villous. Anthers obtuse. Petals
white, concave, terminated by a thread. Fruit size of an olive,
violaceous, 1 -seeded, bitter. The flowers exhale a grateful
scent. Perhaps a genus oi Rlidmnece.
Tetrandrous Linociera. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
* * Species natives of Asia.
6 L. dichotoma (Wall. cat. no. 2825.) racemes axillary, com-
posed of 3-flowered peduncles ; leaves large, cuneate-lanceolate,
recurved, entire, glabrous. T; . S. Native of Coromandel.
Chionanthus dichotoraus, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 107. A smooth,
dichotomous shrub. Racemes solitary, shorter than the leaves.
Flowers small, white, scentless. Calyx villous. Segments of
corolla hardly joined at the base. Drupe ovate or obovate,
purple, size of a currant. Albumen none.
Dichotomous Linociera. Shrub 7 to 10 feet.
7 L. ramiflora (Wall. cat. no. 2824.) panicles ovate, below
the leaf-bearing shoots, smooth ; leaves broad-lanceolate or
oblong, entire, acute, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Chionanthus ramiflorus, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 106. Leaves
about 6 inches long. Flowers numerous, small, yellow. Seg-
ments of the corolla lanceolate, with incurved edges. Drupe
oblong.
Branch-flowered Linociera. Fl. March, April. Tree.
OLEIN^E. XIII. LiNOCiERA. XIV. Fraxinus.
.53
8 L. MACROPHYLLA (Wall. Cat. 2S2G.) racemes compound,
a.xillary, composed of 3-J-flo\vered branches or peduncles;
leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, on long subalate petioles,
entire, glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Silhet. Leaves S- 10 inches
long, and 4-6 broad. Very like L. ram'ijibra.
Largc-leaied Linociera. Tree or shrub.
9 L. Malaba'rica (Wall. cat. no. 2828.) peduncles com-
pound, axillary, aggregate, downy as well as the calyxes, with
3-flo\vered branches ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, short-acuminated,
sometimes tapering to the base, coriaceous, glabrous. Tj . S.
Native of Malabar. Chionanthus Malabaricus, Herb. Heyne.
Malabar Linociera. Tree or shrub.
10 L. monta'na ; racemes compound, axillary, crowded, much
shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, en-
tire, glabrous. T; . S. Native of Java, in woods on the moun-
tains of Parang and Salak, where it is called Kiburlel. Chio-
nanthus montanus, Blum, bijdr. p. 681.
Mountain Linociera. Tree.
11 L. OBLONGA (Wall. cat. no. 28-1-3.) peduncles lateral and
axillary, trichotomously branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, tapering to the base, pale beneath, glabrous. I^ • S-
Native of the Burmese empire, on mount Taong Dong.
Oi/oHiT-leaved Linociera. Tree or shrub.
12 L. TERNiFLORA (Wall. Cat. no. 2845.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, glabrous : having the veins converging at
top : acumen obtuse ; peduncles racemose, branched, lateral,
and axillary : with 3-flowered branches. I7 . S. Native of the
Burmese empire, on the banks of the Saluen river.
Tern-Jlonered Linociera. Tree or shrub.
13 L. coTiNifoLiA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 47.) racemes sub-com-
pound ; peduncles 3-flovi'ered ; flowers pedicellate ; leaves vil-
lous beneath. f2 • S- Native of Ceylon. Chionanthus coti-
nifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 47. Chionanthus Zeylanica, Lam.
ill. 1. p. 30. t. 9. f. 2. Houtt. syst. 1. p. 204. t. 5. f. 1. Very
nearly allied toZ. latlfblia. Flowers reddish.
Colinus-leaied lAnocxera. Clt. 1S18. Tree.
14 L. PURPu REA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 47.) racemes axillary,
usually compound; peduncles 3-flowereil, drooping; bracteas
ovate ; petals channelled ; leaves obovate-lanceolate or elliptic,
tapering at both ends, and are, as well as the calyxes, gla-
brous. Ij . S. Native of Ceylon. Chionanthus purpurea. Lam.
Chionanthus Zeylanica, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 14. spec. 11. exclusive
of the svnonymes. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 107. Thouinia nutans,
Lin. suppl. 89. — Pluk. aim. t. 241. f. 4.— Burm. zeyl. 31.
Brancht'S covered with elevated black dots. Leaves l|-2 inches
long, a little attenuated at the base, with a short acute acumen.
Petals shorter tlianin the rest, purplish.
Pf/ryj/c-flowered Linociera. Tree.
15 L. ? FLAVicANS (Willem. herb. maur. p. 3. Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 47.) panicles axillary ; petals ovate ; leaves obovate, retuse.
V^ . S. Native of the Mauritius. Thouinia flavicans, Willeraet.
Pedicels thickened at top, furnished with 2 minute bracteas at
the forks. Calycine segments triangular. Corolla coriaceous,
yellow. Petals erect, concave.
Te^/ojfi«/i-flowered Linociera. Shrub.
Cult. See Notclcea for culture and propagation, p. 52.
Tribe V.
FRAXINIE'jE. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-parted, or
wanting. Corolla of 4 petals, 4-parted, or wanting. Stamens
2, short ; anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile,
bifid. Fruit a 2-celled, compressed samara, winged at the top,
usually 1 -seeded.
XIV. FRAXINUS (from (ppaaaw, phrasso, to hedge or en-
close ; the ash was formerly used for forming hedges). Tourn. inst.
343. Lin.gen.no. 1160. Mich. gen. 107. Juss. gen. 105.
Schkuhr, handb. t. 375. Lam. ill. t. 858. Gaertn. fruct. 1. 1. 49.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx
none, or 4-parted or 4-toothed. Corolla none. Stamens 2, in
the male flowers. Anthers sessile or on short filaments, dehiscing
outwardly. Female flowers the same, except that tiiey have
no stamens. Stigma bifid. Fruit or samara 2-cellcd, com-
pressed, winged at top; cells 1-seeded. — Trees with opposite,
unequally pinnate, rarely simple leaves ; and lateral racemes of
greenish-yellow flowers.
* Floners naked.
1 F. exce'lsior (Lin. spec. p. 1509.) leaflets almost sessile,
lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, cuneated at the base ;
flowers naked ; samara obliquely emarginate at the apex. f; .
H. Native of Europe. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1099. Fl. dan.
969. Smith, engl. bot. 1092. Svensk, bot. 175. F. apetala.
Lam. fl. fr. Lam. ill. 858. f. 1. F. rostrata, Guss. pi. rar. p.
374. — Blackw. t. 328. — Dodon, penph. 771. — Lob. icon. 2. t.
107. f. 2. F. ornus. Scop. earn. no. 1249. F. apetala. Lam. fl.
fr. F. erosa, Pers. F. crispa, Bosc. The leaves have generally
5 pairs of leaflets, from 4 to 6. The flowers are produced in
loose spikes, from the sides of the branches. There are not only
female flowers, and hermaphrodite ones, but also male ones.
The Ash, in German and Dutch, is called E.iche or Asche ; in
Danish and Swedish, Ask; in French, Le Frene ; in Italian,
Frassino ; in Spanish, i^re«?iO ; in Portuguese, freia'o ; in Rus-
sian, Jas, Jascn, or Jassen. The English name is from the
Saxon lEsa. Ray says it has its name from the colour of the
bark. Its usual time of flowering is March and April; of leafing,
from April 22d to May 15th. The timber of the asli is next in
value to the oak, and in some places equal to it : it is hard and
tough, and of excellent use to the coachmaker, wheelwright,
and cartwright, for ploughs, axle-trees, fellies, harrows, and
many other implements of husbandry ; for ladders, oars,
blocks for pulleys, &c. Anciently it was in great request for
spears. Being not apt to split and scale, it is excellent
for tenons and mortises ; also for the cooper, turner, and
thatcher. Nothing is like it for palisade-hedges, hop-yards,
poles and spars, handles and stocks for tools, &c. When
curiously veined, the cabinet-makers use it, and call it green
Ebony. Of all timber it is the sweetest fuel. If a wood
of ash-trees be managed well, it will turn greatly to the ad-
vantage of its owner ; the underwood will be fit to cut every
seven or eight years for hoops, or every 14 years for iiop-
poles, &c. and still there will be a stock preserved for tim-
ber. The best season for felling the ash is from November to
February ; but, for lopping pollards, the spring is preferable for
all soft woods. The ashes of the wood afford a very good potash.
The bark is used for tanning cat-skin and nets. In the north of
Lancashire they lop the ash, to feed the cattle, in autumn, when
the grass is upon the decline. The leaves have been gathered to
mix with tea. An infusion of them is an aperient; and a decoc-
tion of 2 drachms of the bark, or 6 of the leaves, has been used
in the cure of agues. If cows eat the leaves or shoots, the
butter from their milk is said to be rank ; but this is doubtful,
for there is no taste in ash-leaves to countenance the assertion,
and this is the next tree, after the elm, which the Romans
recommended for fodder. The ash is, however, a very im-
proper tree for hedge rows, and the borders of arable land ; the
drip of it is very unfavourable to all other vegetable productions;
it exhausts the soil much, and the roots spread widely near the
surface, so that it injures the hedge, and impoverishes the
crop sown near it.
Though the ash be a handsome tree, it should not by any
means be planted for protection or ornament, because the leaves
54
OLEIN/E. XIV. FuAxiNus.
come out late, and fall early. The fertile trees also generally
exhaust themselves so much in bearing keys or fruit, that their
foliage is scanty, and their appearance unsightly. The trees,
however, which bear male flowers only, have a full and verdant
foliage, and make a handsome figure, though late in the season.
It is well calculated for standards and clumps, in large parks and
plantations, and for groves and woods. It will grow in very
barren soils, and in the bleakest and most exposed situations.
It is so hardy as to endure the sea winds, and may therefore be
planted on the coast, where few trees will prosper. If planted
by ditch sides, or in low, boggy meadows, the roots act as under-
drains, and render the ground about them firm and hard ; the
timber, however, is in this case of little value. It was natural
that our remote ancestors, when the island was overrun with
wood, should value trees rather for their fruit than their timber ;
it is no wonder, then, that by the laws of Howel Dda, the price of
an oak or a beech should be 120 pence, while the ash, because
it furnished no food for swine, was valued only at fourpence.
The Edda or Woden, however, holds the ash in the highest
veneration ; and man is descrilied as being formed from it.
Hesiod, in like manner, deduces his brazen race of men from the
ash ; and in his Theogony has nymphs of the name of MeXiai
It is probably owing to the remains of Gothic veneration for this
tree, that the country people, in the south-east part of the king-
dom, split young ashes, and pass their distempered children
through the chasm, in hopes of a cure. They have also a
superstitious custom of boring a hole in an ash, and fastening in
a shrew mouse ; a few strokes with a branch of this tree is
then accounted a sovereign remedy against cramps and lameness
in cattle, which are ignorantly supposed to proceed from this
harmless animal. In many parts of the highlands of Scotland, at
the birth of a child, the nurse or midwife puts one end of a green
stick of this tree into the fire, and, while it is burning, receives
into a spoon the sap or juice, which oozes out at the other end,
and administers this as the first spoonful of liquor to the new-
born babe.
The facility with which the ash is propagated, and adapts
itself to any soil or situation, even the worst ; the quickness of its
growth ; and the general demand for the timber, in every part of
the country, for a variety of rural and economical purposes ;
recommend this tree very much to the planter.
The following arethemost remarkable varieties oflhe Common Ash.
Far. ft, pendula ; branches pendulous. h- H. Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 475. The Weeping Ash.
Vnr. y, aurea ; (Willd. enum. p. 1059.) branches yellow,
dotted ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, unequally serrulated, acu-
minated, cuneated at the base, glabrous. I^ . H. F. aiirea,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 604. The yellow-barked Ash.
Var. c, crispa ; leaflets dark green, curled. (j . H. F.
crispa, Bosc. F. atrovirens, Desf. arb. 1. p. 104.
Var. e, jaspidea (Willd.) bark and wood marked with veins.
Var. i, argenlea (Desf arb.) leaves variegated with white.
The silver-striped-leaved Ash.
Var. T), liilca; leaves edged with yellow. The golden-striped-
leaved Ash.
Var. ^, erosa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 60i.) leaflets erosely toothed.
Var. 1, horizontalts (Desf. Pers. 1. c.) branches horizontal.
The horizontal-branched Ash.
Var. K, verrucosa (Desf Pers. 1. c.) branches waned. The
warted-barked Ash.
Var. \, striata. The striped-barked Ash.
Var. p., furigusa. The spongy-barked Ash.
Var. V, verticill^ta. The whorled-leaved Ash.
Taller or Common Ash. Fl. March, April. Britain. Tree
SO to 80 feet.
2 F. na'na (W'illd. enum. 1068) leaflets sessile, usually 5
pairs, ovate-oblong, acute, unequally serrulated, roundly cuneated
at the base. fj . H. Native of Europe. F. excelsior, var.
nana, Hortul. Branches grey. Buds brownish, black. Leaflets
5-6 pair, li inch long, and hardly -j inch broad, glabrous.
D n'arf Ksh. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
3 F. poLEMONiiFOLiA (Poir. in Didi. ed. nov. 4. p. 66. diet,
suppl. 2. p. 671.) leaflets usually 4-5 pairs, quite glabrous,
sharply-toothed, ovate, nearly sessile ; petioles a little winged.
f; . H. Native coimtry unknown. F. nana, Desf. hort. par. et
arb. 1. p. 104. F. nana (appendiculata), Pers, ench. 2. p. 605.
F. appendiculata, Lodd. eat. A humble-branched Shrub.
Branches of a livid lead colour. Leaflets approximate, 6-7 lines
long, and 3 lines broad, acute. Common petioles winged.
Greek- J'alerian-leaved Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Sh.
4 F. HETEROPHVLLA (Vahl. cnum. 1. p. 53.) leaves simple
or ternate, dentately serrated ; samara oblong-lanceolate, an
inch long, obtuse and emarginate at the apex. h • H. Native
of Europe. In England, in woods, but rare. F. simplicifolia,
Willd. spec. 4. p. 1098. berl. baumz. p. 121. t. 3. f. 3. Smith,
engl. hot. t. 2476. F. monophy'lla, Desf arb. 1. p. 102. F.
excelsior, var. simplicifolia, Hort. F. excelsior, ft, diversifolia.
Ait. F. excelsior, e, Lam. diet. 2. p. 554. F. excelsior, ft,
heterophylla, D. C. F. integrifolia and diversifolia, Hort. Leaves
usually simple, but sometimes ternate and quinate, 3-4 inches
long, ovate, sub-cordate, or acuminate at the base and apex.
Branches dotted. Buds black. Perhaps only a variety of F.
excelsior.
Various-leaved Ash Tree. Fl. April, May. England. Tree
30 to 40 feet.
5 F. PARViFOLiA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1101.) leaflets 5-7 pairs,
sessile, roundish-ovate and oblong, atteimated at the base, quite
entire at the base, but sharply serrated at the apex, mucronate;
flowers naked. fj . H. Native of the Levant. Willd. berl.
baumz. p. 155. t. 2. f. 2. Tenor, syll, p. 9. no. 5. Branches
purplish, trigonal at the top. It differs from F. rotundifblia
in the leaflets being more copious, in the bases not being unequal,
and the buds being brow-n. The juice of this tree is the manna
of Sicily. It is called Frassino mistino, and Frassino lentisco,
in Sicily.
Small-leaved ksh-tvee. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Tree
20 to 30 feet.
6 F. TAMAKisciFOLiA (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 52.) leaflets petio-
late, oblong and lanceolate, sharply serrated : serratures mucro-
nate. fj . H. Native about Aleppo. Fr. lentiscifolia, Desf.
cat. hort. par. p. 52. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1101. F. parvifolia.
Lam. diet. 2. p. 540. F. Aleppensis, Plukn. phyt. 182. f. 4.
Branches dark purple. Buds brown. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, ex
Valil. 6-7 pairs, ex Willd. \ inch long, terminal one smaller than
the lateral ones. Flowers naked. Samara narrow, gradually
widening to the apex, and retuse.
Tamarisk-leaved Ash-tvee. Fl. May, June, Clt. 1710. Tr.
7 F. arge'ntea ; leaves with usually 3 pairs of rather coria-
ceous, ellijitic-ovate, shortly cuspidate, bluntly-toothed leaflets,
on short petiolules. H . H. Native of Corsica, in the fissures
of rocks. Fraxinus argentea, Lois. fl. gall. G97. Leaves sil-
very grey. Nearly allied to O'rnus Europee'a.
Silvery-haved Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Tree.
8 F. sa.mbucifolia (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 51.) leaflets sessile,
ovate-lanceolate, serrated, havin^f the a.'iils of the veins
villous beneath. f^ . H. Native from Canada to Carolina.
Willd. spec. 4. p. 1099. Muhl. nov. act. scrut. berol. 3. p. 393.
Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 8. Michx. fig. arb. icon. F, nigra,
Moench. F. crispa, Hort. Young branches green, beset with
black dots. Buds brown. Leaflets 3 pairs, 3-4 inches long,
acute at both ends. Flowers like those of the Common Ash.
12
OLEIN/E. XIV. Fraxinus.
55
Elder-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1800. Tree 30 feet.
9 F. SchiedeaVa (Schleclu. et Chamiss. in Linnaea. 6. p.
3!)1.) glabrous; leaves vvitli 3 pairs of sessile, lanceolate,
blimtish, quite entire leaflets, or witli a few obsolete serratures
in front ; the odd one the longest, and attenuated at the base :
all thin, shining above, and paler beneath ; rachi of leaves
channelled ; samara nearly linear, with the wing hardly dilated
in front, elliptic-oblong, obtuse at the apex, ending in an oblique
little point. ^ . H. Native of Mexico, near Hacienda de la
Laguna, in warm situations. Fag^ra di"lbia, Rcx)m. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 2S8. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Stigmas 2, thick.
Schicde's Ash-tree. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
10 F. Boscii ; leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous leaflets; leaflets
oblong, acuminate, toothed ; common petioles winged at the
base ; buds blackish ; branches cinereous. (j . H. Native
of North America. F. nana, Bosc. but not of VVilld. Flowers
naked.
Base's Ash-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Tree.
11 F. Chine'nsis (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 150.) leaflets from 3
to 7, lanceolate, serrated; panicles axillary and terminal; flowers
apetalous. Ij . H. Native of China. Branches erect. Leaves
glabrous : lateral leaflets on short petioles, and smaller than the
terminal one, which is protruded on a winged petiole. Panicles
drooping. Style long and curved.
C//wa Ash. Fl. April. Clt.? Tree 12 to 20 feet.
12 F. oxyca'rpa (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1100.) leaflets almost
sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ; flowers
naked ; samara lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, mucronate.
^2 . H. Native of Caucasus. F. oxyphylla, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p.
450. F. ornus, Pall. ind. taur. Branchlets green, with white
dots. Buds brown. Leaflets 2 to 3 pairs.
Sharp-fruited Ash-tree. Fl. May. Tree.
13 F. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Bauh. hist. 1. pt. 2. p. 177.) leaflets
sessile, lanceolate, remotely denticulated ; samara lanceolate,
entire at the apex, acute. f; . H. Native of Spain. Vahl.
enum. 1. p. 52. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1100. Branches brownish
purple. Branchlets green, dotted with white. Buds brown.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs, 1^ to 2 inches long. Peduncles below the
leaves, solitary, 2 inches long. Samara obtuse at the base.
Flowers naked. Said by some to be nearly related to jF. O'rnus ;
but by Vahl. to F. excelsior.
Narrow-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. Tree.
* * Flowers calyculate.
14 F. JUGLANDIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 543.) leaflets stalked,
elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, glaucous beneath ; branches and
petioles glabrous ; flowers calyculate. Ij . H. Native from
Canada to North Carolina. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1104. Branches
and buds greyish brown. Leaflets 2-4 pairs, 3 inches long,
membranous, glabrous, but not shining, canescent beneath,
downy in the axils of the veins. Calyx 4-toothed. Corymbs
pendulous. Samara linear.
Var. /3, subintegerrima (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 50. 1. c.) leaflets
almost quite entire. P; . H. F. juglandlfolia, ft, subserrata,
Willd. 1. c. Fr. Caroliniana, Wangenh. amer. p. 81. ex Willd.
Du Roi, ed. 2d vol. 1. p. 400. ex Vahl. Fr. Nova-A'ngliae, and
F. Caroliniana, Mill. diet. no. 5, 6. ?
Walnut-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1724. Tree 30
to 50 feet.
15 F. Carolinia'na (Lam. diet. 2. p. 543.) leaflets petiolate,
lanceolate, serrated, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ;
flowers calyculate. fj . H. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina.
Vahl. enum. 1. p. 51. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1103. F. excelsior,
Walt. fl. car. p. 254. F. serratifolia, Michx. fil. arb. p. S3.
F. lanceolata, Borkh. Branches and buds brownish. Leaflets
3 pairs, shining above. Racemes loose, \^ inch long, often twin
from the same dot ; pedicels numerous, umbellate. Calyx
small, campanulate.
Carolina Ash-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1783. Tree 30
to 50 feet.
16 F. pube'scens (Walt. fl. car. p. 254.) leaflets petiolate,
elliptic-ovate, serrated, downy or tomentose beneath, as well
as the petioles and branches ; flowers calyculate. (^ . H.
Native of North America. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 51. Willd. spec.
4. p. 1103. F. nigra, Du Roi, ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 398. F.
tomentosa, Michx. arb. t. 33. Leaflets 3-4 pairs. Racemes
rather compound. Calyx campanulate. Samara narrow-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, with a short mucrone at the apex, 2 inches long.
Stamens 2-3-4.
Var. ft, longifolia (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1103.) leaflets ovate-
lanceolate, attenuated, somewhat serrated. ^ . H. F. sub-
villosa, Bosc? F. Pennsylvanica, Marsh.
Var. y, latifolia (Willd. 1. c.) leaflets ovate, broad. 1; . H.
Var. (i, sub-pubescens (Pers. ench. 2. p. 605.) leaflets petio-
late, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy be-
neath ; common petioles glabrous. fj . H. Perhaps a distinct
species. F. subvillosa, Bosc. ?
DoH'ny Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1811. Tree 30 feet.
17 F. epiptera (Michx. 1. c. p. 256.) leaflets lanceolate-
elliptic, sub-serrated ; samara cuneated, obtuse and emarginate
at the apex, and terete at bottom, fj . H. Native from Canada
to Carolina, frequent. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 50. Willd. spec. 4.
p. 1102. F. discolor, Michx. fil. arb. t. S3. F. Canadensis,
Gasrtn. fruct. 1. p. 222. t. 49. F. lancea, Bosc. Young
branches green, covered with white dots. Bark chinky.
Leaflets opaque, downy beneath on the veins. Flowers caly-
culate. Buds brown.
Wing-topped-%eed.eA or Two-coloured Ash-tree. Fl. May.
Clt. 1823. Tree 30 feet.
18 F. quadrangula'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 255.)
leaflets almost sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, downy be-
neath ; samara blunt at both ends. Ij . H. Native of Ohio,
Kentucky, and Tennessee. Mich. abr. with a figure. Willd.
spec. 4. p. 1104. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 50. F. tetragona, Cels.ex
Dum. Cours. Branches quadrangular. Samara obtuse.
Quadrangular-hxanched Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1822.
Tree 30 to 40 feet.
19 F. platyca'rpa (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 49. Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 2. p. 256.) leaflets almost sessile, serrated on the outside,
elliptic-lanceolate ; samara elliptic-lanceolate, tj . H. Native
of Virginia and Carolina. F. Caroliniana, Catesb. car. t. 80.
Michx. arb. with a figure. Leaflets 2 inches long, and an inch
broad, having the larger veins villous beneath. Samara 2 inches
long, acute at both ends.
Broad-fruited Ash-uec. Fl. May. Clt. 1724. Tree 30 to
50 feet.
20 F. expa'nsa (Willd. berl. baumz. p. 150.) leaflets ovate-
oblong, unequally serrated, glabrous, petiolate ; branches gla-
brous ; flowers calyculate. b- H- Native of North America.
F. Caroliniana, Hort. Worlitz. Young branches green, smooth.
Buds brown. Leaflets 5 pairs, 3 inches long, acuminated, gla-
brous, but not shining.
Expanded A%\\-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 to 50 feet.
21 F. MixA (Bosc. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 96.) leaves with 5
pairs of leaflets, glabrous on both surfaces ; leaflets oblong,
almost sessile, unequally toothed. ^ . H. Native of North
America.
Mixed Ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree.
22 F. pulverule'nta (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 6 pan-s of
leaflets, tomentose beneath ; leaflets on long petioles, oblong,
acute, sinuated ; petioles powdery, fj . H. Native of North
America.
Powdery Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1S24. Tree.
56
OLEIN^. XIV. Fraxinus. XV. Oknls.
23 F. rubicu'nda (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of coria-
ceous leaflets, rather toinentose beneath ; leaflets oblong, acute,
a little toothed : having the veins and petioles reddish beneath ;
buds and branchlets grey. T? . H. Native of North America.
i?frf(/;i7(-veined Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree.
24 F. LONGiFOLiA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets,
shining above, but tomentose beneath and on the petioles ; leaf-
lets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, a little toothed ; branches
hairy. i^.H. Native of North America.
Long-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tr. 30 to 40 ft.
25 F. viRiDis (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets,
shining above, but the veins are downy beneath ; leaflets oblong,
acute, sharply and unequally serrated; branches green. ^^ , H.
Native of Nortli America.
Green Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree.
26 F. cine'rea (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous
leaflets, but the veins are rather pilose beneath ; leaflets lanceo-
late, unequally toothed; buds linear, grey, pilose, 1;. H.
Native of North America.
Grev Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree.
27 F. a'lba (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, hairy
beneath, and on the petioles ; leaflets lanceolate, unequally and
sharply toothed, acuminated ; branches grey. Jj . H. Native
of North America.
fVhite Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Tree.
28 F. Richa'rdi (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous
leaflets : but the veins are rather pilose beneath ; leaflets oblong,
acute, toothed ; branches cinereous, pilose at the base. (^ . H.
Native of North America.
Richard's Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Tree.
29 F. ova'ta (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets,
pilose beneath ; leaflets ovate, acute, equally toothed ; buds
fulvous. Tj . H. Native of North America.
Oua/e-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Tree.
30 F. nIgra (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous
leaflets ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, somewhat sinuately toothed ;
branches blackish. Tj.H. Native of North America.
Black Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Tree.
31 F. ELLipTicA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets,
pilose beneath ; leaflets oblong, mucronate, a little toothed ;
buds fulvous; branches brownish black. 1^ . H. Native of
North America.
£//(jj(ic-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Tree.
32 F. Fu'scA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets,
glabrous above, but the veins are villous beneath ; leaflets ob-
long, mucronate, unequally toothed ; branches brown. fj . H.
Native of North America.
B;ojra-branched Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Tr.
33 F. ruVa (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets, beset
with rufous jiili beneath ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, cus-
pidate, unequally toothed. Tj . H. Native of North America.
/^i(/bus-haired Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. 1'r.
34 F. pa'llida (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous
leaflets ; leaflets almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, toothed ;
branches yellow, fj . H. Native of North America.
Pa/e-barked Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt.? Tree.
25 F. acumina'ta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 542.) leaflets petiolate,
oblong, shining, quite entire, glaucous beneath ; flowers calycu-
late. P^ . H. Native, from Canada to Carolina, in woods. F.
Americana, Willd. spec. 4 p. 1102. F. concolor, Michx. fil.
arb. p. 33. icon. Leaflets 7.
Acmninated-\e&seA h.iA\. Fl. May. Clt. 1723. Tree.
36 F. TANNOSA (Vent, and Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of
leaflets, villously tomentose beneath ; leaflets petiolate, ovate,
quite entire, attenuated at both ends ; buds fulvous ; petioles
glabrous. Vj . H. Native of Carolina.
C'/d/A-leaved Ash. Fl. Mav. Clt. 1820. Tree.
37 F. TRiPTERA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 232.) leaflets obovate,
entire, tomentose beneath, oblique at the base ; samara broad,
elliptic-obovate, mostly 3-vvinged, attenuated at the base, 1 -seeded ;
seed 3-sided. T^ . H. Native of South Carolina, in oak forests.
Three-iv'mged-ixmteA Ash-tree. Tree.
Cull. Most of the species oi Fraxinus are large forest trees,
and are generally raised in quantities from seed, w hich do not
vegetate till the second spring after sowing, if kept out of the
ground all winter ; but if sown in the autumn immediately after
gathering, they vegetate in the following spring. Any of the
kinds may be increased by budding or grafting on the common
ash ; and the younger the stock on which they are grafted the
better. In grafting the species of FrajLinus, as well as other
trees which do not readily take, it is best to graft at the side,
allowing the top to remain until the scion is fixed and the wound
healed, as the top, when allowed to remain, draws up the sap
to the scion, while on the contrary, if taken off, it stagnates the
free circulation of the sap to the graft.
XV. ORNUS (Oren, Hebrew; optirr] jnXta, oreine melia,
from opoe, oros, a mountain, Greek ; Orniis, Latin ; the names for
the wild ash). Pers. ench. 1. p. 8. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 6.
Null. gen. amer. 1. p. 6. — Fraxinus species of authors.
Lin. syst. Diandrw, Monogynia, or Folygamia, Dioecia.
Flowers hermaphrodite, or of diflerent sexes. Calyx 4-parted
or 4-toothed. Corolla 4-})arted ; segments long, ligulate. Sta-
mens with long filaments. Stigma emarginate. Samara 1 -celled,
1-seeded, winged. — Trees with impari-pinnate leaves and termi-
nal or axillary panicles of flowers.
1 O. Europ^'a (Pers. ench. 1. p. 0. Sav. trat. ed. 2. t. 1.)
leaves with 3-4 pairs of lanceolate or elliptic, attenuated, ser-
rated, stalked leaflets ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shortet
than the leaves ; flowers complete or hermaphrodite. h . H.
Native of the south of Europe. Fraxinus O'rnus, Lin. spec.
1510. Smith, fl. grtec. 1. t. 4. Mill. fig. t. 1. Lam. ill. 9.
t. 858. f 2. Woodv. med. hot. 1. p. 104. t. 36. Church et
Stev. med. bot. 2. t. 53. F. O'rnus and F. paniculata, Mill, diet,
no. 3. and no. 4. F. florifera. Scop. cam. no. 1250. F. bo-
tryoides, Mor. pralud. 265. F. vulgatior, Segu. ver. 2. p. 290.
— Duham. arb. 4. — Bauh. hist. 1 . p. 177. f. 1. Young branches
purplish or livid, with yellow dots. Buds cinereous. Leaflets
entire at the base, villous or downy beneath. Flowers greenish
white. Scopoli observed hermaphrodite flowers on one tree
and female ones on the other. Mr. Miller's F. paniculata has
chiefly male flowers. Manna is obtained from this tree, as well
as from O. rotundifblia.
Manna is yielded by different trees, but principally from the
species of O'rnus, Frdxinus, and Juglans. The manna is
generally of two kinds ; not on account of the intrinsic quality
of them being diffijrent, but only because they are got in a
different manner. In order to obtain manna, those who have
the management of the woods of the Orni, in the months of
July and August, when the weather is very dry and warm,
make an oblong incision, and take off from the bark of the
tree about 3 inches in length and 2 in breadth ; they leave the
wound open, and by degrees the manna runs out, and is almost
suddenly thickened to its proper consistence, and is found ad-
hering to the bark of the trees. The manna, which is collected
in baskets, and goes under the name of Manna grassa, is put in
a dry place, because moist and wet places will soon dissolve it
again. This first kind of manna is often in large irregular
pieces of a brownish colour, and is frequently full of dust and
other imjiurities. But when the people want to have a very
fine manna, they apply to the incision of the bark thin straw,
or bits of shrubs, so that the manna, in coming out, runs upon
those bodies, and is collected in a sort of regular tubes, which
give it the name oi manna-canali, or manna in tubes ; this second
OLEINjE. XV. Ornus. COLUMELLIE^.
57
kind is more esteemed and always preferred to the other, because
it is free and clear from impurities. There is still a third kind in
Calabria, which is as white as the finest sugar, but is seldom met
witii. The two first kinds of manna undergo no preparation what-
ever before they are exported. When the summer is rainy the
manna is always scarce and bad. Manna likewise exudes spon-
taneously, and concretes into granules ; this kind is known in the
markets by the name of manna in tear. Manna is sweet, but
eaves a nauseous impression on the tongue. It is a mild ca-
thartic, for which purpose it was formerly m\ich used in practice ;
it is now seldom given alone to adults, but combined with senna,
neutral salts, and other piu'gatives, are frequently used to cover
its taste.
far. j3, latifoUa (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 445.) leaflets oval-
oblong, serrated, stalked.
European Flowering Ash or Manna Ash. Fl. May, June.
Clt. 1730. Tr. 20 to 30 feet.
2 O. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Pcrs. ench. 2. p. 605.) leaves with 3-5
pairs of roundish-ovate, bluntly serrated, almost sessile leaflets,
which are narrow at the base ; petioles channelled ; flowers
with petals, polygamous; peduncles axillary. Tj . H. Native
of Calabria and the Levant, &c. Fraxinus rotundifolia. Ait.
hort. kew. 3. p. 445. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 49. Willd. spec. 4.
p. 1105. wild baum. p. 145. t. 2. f. 1. F. mannifera.
Hort.— Pluk. aim. 182. f. 4.— Bauh. hist. 1. p. 177. f. 2.
Branches and buds brown. Leaflets rather small, glabrous.
Flowers purplish. The flowers come out in the spring before
the leaves, like the other species of the genus, as well as of
Fraxinus. The lower parts of the mountains of Calabria abound
with this, the manna-ash, which grows spontaneously and with-
out any culture, except that the woodmen cut down all the
strong stems tiiat grow above the tliickness of a man's leg.
Towards the end of July the gatherers of manna make a hori-
zontal gash, inclining upwards, in the bole of the tree. As the
liquor never oozes out the first day, another cut is given on the
second, and then the woodmen fix the stalk of a maple leaf
in the upper wound, and the end of the leaf in the lower one,
so as to form a cup to receive the gum as it distils from each
gash. TI)e season continues about a month. The men have
only 3 carlines {Is. IJrrf.) for every rotolo ; which quantity, con-
taining 33^ ounces, is sold for 24^ carlini, or somewhat more
than 10s.; if it be in tubular pieces the price rises one third.
The tubular pieces are called manna in cannoli, and these re-
gular tubes are produced by applying to the incision thin straw,
or small bits of shrub, upon which the manna runs as it oozes
out. The trees succeed best in an eastern exposure, in order
to warm the juices in the morning, and to inspissate those which
the heat has sweated out in the evening.
Round-leaved Flowering Ash or Manna Ash, Fl. April.
Clt. 1G97. Tree 16 to 20 feet.
3 O. America~na (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 9. Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 6.) leaves with 2-5 pairs of oblong or ovate-
acuminated, shining, serrated leaflets, glaucous beneath, the odd
one rather cordate ; flowers with petals, disposed in terminal
panicles. 1; . H. Native of North America, in Maryland and
Virginia, but rare. F. Americana, Lin. spec. 1510. ? Branches
brownish grey. Buds brown. Leaflets 3-5 inches long and 2
broad, paler beneath, and having the larger veins rather villous.
Samara narrow, obtuse, mucronate.
American Flowering Ash. Fl. April, Mav. Clt. 1820. Tree
30 to 40 feet.
4 O. floribu'nda (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 12.)
leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, acuminated, serrated,
glabrous, stalked leaflets, and an odd one ; panicles terminal,
compound, thyrsoid ; petals linear, clavate (ex Wall.), oval-
oblong, obtuse (ex D, Don) ; samara linear, or narrow-spatulate,
VOL. IV.
obtuse, entire. Ij . H. Native of Nipaul, where it is called
Knngii, Tahasee, and Thaup. Fraxinus floribiinda. Wall. fl.
ind. 1. p. 150. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 277. D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 106. Bark ash-coloured, dotted. Branchlets compressed.
Leaflets varying much in figure, the terminal or odd one the
largest. Flowers white.
Bundle-Jiowered Flowering Ash. Fl. April. Clt. 1822.
Tree 30 to 40 feet.
5 O. XANTHOXYLOiDES ; Icavcs pinnate ; leaflets 5, small,
oblong, tapering to the base and apex, crenated, almost sessile ;
flowers lateral, aggregate ; fruit lateral, aggregate ; samarse with
emarginate wmgs. Ij . H. Native of Sirinaghur. Fraxinus
xanthoxyloldes. Wall. cat. no. 2833.
Xanthoxylon-like Flowering Ash. Tree.
6 O. Moorcuoftia'na ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, oblong,
acuminated at both ends, glabrous, almost sessile, paler be-
neath, finely denticulated : odd one the largest ; fruit disposed
in simple, aggregate, lateral racemes ; samara with an emarginate
wing, furnished with a little point in the centre of the notch.
\. H. Native of Luddac, in the East Indies. Fraxinus
Moorcroftiana, Wall. cat. no. 2834.
Moorcrofl's Flowering Ash. Tree.
7 O. urophy'lla ; leaves pinnate, on long petioles ; leaflets
5-7, on long petiolules, membranous, ovate-oblong, long-acu-
minated, serrated ; peduncles panicled, axillary. Tj . H. Na-
tive of Silhet, on the Pundua mountains. Fraxinus urophyllus.
Wall. cat. no. 2835. Flowers much smaller than those of 0.
Jloribiinda.
Tail-leaved Flowering Ash. Tree.
8 O. stria'ta (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 256.) leaves with 7 pairs
of leaflets, villous beneath as well as the petioles ; leaflets ob-
long, petiolulate, acute, toothed ; buds green ; branches striated.
fj . H. Native of North America. Fraxinus striata, Bosc. ex
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 95.
6'<na/erf Flowering Ash. Fl. April, May. Ch. 1818. Tree
30 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus are raised from seeds, like
those of FrUxinus, and may be increased by budding or grafting
on the common ash.
Order CXLVIII. COLUMELLIF^ (this order contains
plants agreeing with Columellia in important characters). D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828.
Calyx 5 or many-parted, permanent, adnate to the ovarium.
Corolla inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx,
rotate or funnel-shaped ; limb spreading, 5-lobed ; lobes equal,
entire, convolutely imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 2, inserted
in the thickened part of the throat, opposite the angles of the
calyx ; filaments short, dilated ; pollen resinous. Ovarium in-
ferior, or half inferior, 2-celled, many-ovulate. Style declinate,
seated on a flat fleshy disk. Stigma capitate, convex at top.
Capsule 2-celled, woody, 2-valved, closely combined with the
tube of the calyx, dehiscing at top by a cross-like chink, there-
fore the valves are bifid at the apex ; dissepiment contrary to
the compression of the peduncle; cells many-seeded. Albu-
men fleshy or wanting. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite,
petiolate, entire. Flowers terminal, yellow, or white, very like
those of the species of Jasminum. Peduncles bibraeteate?
This order corresponds with Ja>,mineacece in the structure and
aestivation of its corolla, in its bilocular ovarium, and erect
ovula, and it agrees both with it and Syringa in the struc-
ture and dehiscence of its capsule. A comparison of the
I
58
COLUMELLIEJi. I. Columellia. II. Bolivaria. III. Menodora. JASMINEACEiE.
calyx and corolla of Menodora, with those species of Jasminum
wherein the number of segments are indeterminate, will display
more clearly the intimate affinity existing between these two
families. It differs, however, essentially from Jasmineacea by
having an adherent ovarium, by the presence of a perigynous
disk, by the undivided stigma, and lastly by having an inferior
capsule with polyspermous cells. The imbricate jestivation of
the corolla, and adherent ovarium, with erect ovida, the presence
of a perigynous disk, and a capsule with polyspermous cells,
are characters sufficiently numerous and important to prevent
its ever being confounded with Oleince, and to establish it
as an osculant group between that family and JasmineacecE. It
appears also to be nearly related to Halesiacece, a small group
forming the connecting link between Oleince and Ebenacece ;
this group is principally distinguished from Columelliece by the
indefinite number of its stamina, and its simple stigma.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Colume'llia. Calyx compressedly 2-edged ; with a 5-
lobed limb. Corolla rotate. Anthers convolute. Capsule
turbinate ; cells many-seeded. Albumen fleshy.
2 Boliva'ria. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
with a 5-parted limb. Capsule cartilaginous ; cells 2-seeded.
Albumen none, but the seeds are inclosed in a peculiar inte-
gument.
3 Menodora. Calyx many-parted, half inferior. Corolla
salver-shaped : with a 5-parted spreading limb. Capsule 2-
celled, many-seeded.
I. COLUME'LLIA (named in honour of L. J. M. Colu-
mella, who flourished 42 years before Christ). Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 1. p. 28. syst. p. 8. Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 388. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec.
1828. — Uluxia, Juss. gen.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx turbinately tu-
bular, compressed, 2-edged. Corolla rotate : with a 5-lobed
concave equal limb. Stamens opposite the angles of the calyx ;
filaments short, flat ; anthers convolute or replicate ; one of the
cells very narrow, continuous through all the convolutions of
the anther : containing angular, resinous pollen. Style decli-
nate, flattened. Capsule turbinate, woody, 2-celled ; cells
many-seeded. Seeds obovate, compressed, ascending : with a
basilar umbilicus. Albumen fleshy, yellowish. Embryo erect,
slender. Plumule inconspicuous. — Evergreen trees or shrubs,
natives of Peru. Flowers terminal, on short peduncles, yellow.
Peduncles bibracteate at the base.
1 C. OBLONGA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 8. f. a.
syst. 1. p. 8.) leaves oblong, veiny, toothed at top; flowers
corymbose. Pj . G. Native of Peru, in woods at Pillao. C.
arborescens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. Tree having the habit of AVH-
7nia, with deciduous bark. Branchlets clothed with silky down,
compressed between the internodes. Leaves attenuated at the
base, shining and green above, but silky and glaucous beneath,
1-2 inches long. Corymbs leafy. Calycine segments lanceo-
late, silky beneath, furnished with a horny mucrone at the apex.
Oblong-leaved Columellia. Tree 20 to 25 feet.
2 C. obovVta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 12. f. b.
syst. 1. p. 9.) tomentose ; leaves obovate, mucronulate, quite
entire, veinless ; flowers usually solitary. fj . G. Native of
Peru, on arid hills about the town of Tarma. C. frutescens,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. Shrub with the habit of a species of
Leptosptrmwn. Branchlets clothed with hoary down, which at
length becomes blackish. Leaves crowded, green and shining
above, but tomentose beneath, from j to |^ an inch long. Petioles
connate at the base, liardly distinct from the leaves. Flowers
rarely twin or tern. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse.
Obovate-]eaveA Columellia. Shrub 8 feet.
3 C. SERicEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 388.)
leaves oblong, quite entire, silky beneath ; peduncles 2-3-
flowered. Tj . G. Native of the province of Quito, in woods.
Young branches obsoletely tetragonal, clothed with silky down.
Leaves obtuse, mucronate, green and shining above, and silky
white beneath. Pedicels, bracteas, and calyxes silky.
Silky Columellia. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bolivaria, below.
II. BOLIVARIA (named after Bolivar, the liberator of
South America). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 207.
t. 4. f. 1.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped : with a 5-parted limb. Filaments capillary ; an-
thers erect, fixed by the middle, elliptic, mucronate. Style ex-
ceeding the stamens ; stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule carti-
laginous, didymous, circumcised ; cells 2-seeded. Seeds inclosed
in a peculiar integument, without albumen. — Glabrous shrubs.
Flowers pedunculate, solitary, terminal, and lateral, constituting
an incomplete, leafy panicle.
1 B. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 208.) leaves
lanceolate, quite entire. Ij . G. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Cisplatine, frequent. Flowers white or yellow, size of
those of Jasminum friiticans.
Entire-leaved Bolivaria Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 B. TRiFiDA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 209.) leaves linear,
trifid, or entire. Ij . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Cisplatine, and of Chili. Flowers yellow.
Trifid Bolivaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for
the species ; and cuttings will strike root readily in the same
kind of soil, under a hand-glass.
III. MENODO'RA (from fitxoc, menos, courage, and Cwpov,
doron, a gift ; a vegetable which gives force to animals). Humb.
et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 98. t. 110. D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. dec. 1828.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, with
a many -parted limb ; segments 10-11, subulate. Corolla with
a very short tube, a villous throat, and 5-8-parted concave
limb ; lobes ovate, acuminated. Filaments capillary ; anthers
sagittate, 2-celled, erect, mucronulate at the apex. Ovarium
emarginately 2-lobed. Style declinate, slender ; stigma trun-
cate, pruinose. Capsule 2-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence,
many-seeded. — A small, suflruticose, hairy plant, with numerous
decumbent stems ; oval-lanceolate, almost sessile, entire leaves :
and solitary, pedunculate, yellow flowers.
1 M. HELIANTHEMOIDES (Humb. et BoUpl. 1. c). Ij . G.
Native of Mexico, between Actopan and the village of Mag-
dalena. Stems tetragonal.
Sun-rose-like Menodora. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Bolivaria above.
Order CXLIX. JASMINEA^CE^. Jasmineee, R. Br.
prod. p. 520. — JasminesE, part. Juss. gen. p. 104.
Calyx monophyllous, tubular, divided or toothed (f. 11. a.),
permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, salver-
shaped (f. 11. 6.), with a 5 (f. 11. b.) -8 (f. 10. a.) -cleft limb;
segments lying over each other laterally, imbricate and twisted
in aestivation. Stamens 2, epipetalous, inclosed. Ovarium not
JASMINEACEjE. I. Jasminum.
59
girded by any disk, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; ovula erect.
Style 1 ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a didymous berry or a bipar-
tible capsule. Albumen sparing or wanting. Embryo straight,
with an inferior radicle. — Usually twining shrubs. Leaves op-
posite, simple, but often compound, either ternate or impari-
pinnate ; having the petioles in most of the species articulated.
Flowers opposite, disposed in corymbs.
This order differs sufficiently from Oleince in the situation of
the ovula, structure of the seeds, as also in the division and aesti-
vation of the corolla ; but it agrees with it in the corolla being
regular and diandrous, and in the fruit being either baccate or
capsular, but scarcely in habit. In Nyctdnthes the mature seeds
have hardly any albumen, while it is copious in the immature
seeds. Fragrance is the predominant property of the Jasmine
tribe, and has made it for ages the favourite of poets and of the
people : this fragrance arises from an oil, which can be extracted
so as to retain its perfume.
Sijnopsis of the genera.
1 Jasmi'num. Corolla 4-8-cleft (f. 11.6. f. 10. a.). Berry
didymous. Seeds without albumen.
2 Nycta'nthes. Calyx entire. Corolla 5-lobed. Capsule
bipartite. Seeds albuminous.
I. JASMTNUM (Linnaeus derives this name from la, ia, a
violet and octjutj, osme, smell ; but the scent of the flowers has
no resemblance to that of tlie violet.) Forskoel. aegyp. arab.
p. 59. says that the Arabs call it Jasmin (ysmym).) Dodon.
pempt. p. 1557. Tourn. inst. 368. Lin. gen. no. 17. Juss.
gen. 106. R. Br. prod. p. 521. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 196. t. 42.
Lam. ill. t. 7. — Mogorium, Lam.
Lin. syst. Didndrla, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-8-
toothed or 5 (f. 1 1. b.) -8 (f. 10. a.) -cleft. Corolla 5 (f. 11.6.
f. 10. a..) -S-cleft. Stigma 2-lobed or bifiJ. Berry didymous,
having one of the lobes usually abortive. Seeds without albu-
men.— Usually twining shrubs. Leaves simple or compound ;
petioles articulated. Flowers white or yellow.
* Leaves simple. Calyx cleft.
1 J. Sa'mbac (Ait. hort. kew.l. p. 8.) twining; leaves almost
sessile, membranous, from cordate to oblong, acute or obtuse,
glabrous ; calycine segments 5-9, subulate ; berries globular ;
branches, petioles, and peduncles downy. Tj . '^. S. Native of
the East Indies. Desf. ann. mus. 4. p. 20. Sims, bot. mag.
1785. Ker. bot. reg. t. 1. Mogorium, Sambae. Lam. diet. 4.
p. 210. J. gimea, Zucc. 1 Nyctanthes Sambae, Lin. spec. 1.
p. 8. — Burm. zeyl. p. 128. t. 58. f. 2. Leaves waved, and
sometimes scolloped, smooth, except while young, but there are
generally tufts of down in the axils of the veins beneath.
Flowers generally forming small trichotomous umbellets, white,
fragrant. Berries black. From this species we have the com-
mon double, and rose or great flowered, and full Moogaries
(Arabian or Tuscan jasmines.) These are always raised from
layers, even in India, and have been improved by culture. The
plant that bears the common double sort still retains its twining
habit, but it is lost in the great rose, or full-flowered sort : here
the branches are erect or spreading, but never twining. The
Nyctdnthes unduldia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 8. is probably nothing
but a variety of/. S^imhnc.
Jar. a, Single-fowered Arabian jasmine. J. undulatum,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 36. Mallica and Asphota, Asiat. res. 4. p.
245.— Rheed. mal. 6. p 97. t. 55.
J'ar. fi, Doiihle-flowered Arabian jasmine. J. Sambae, var.
flore pleno, Andr. bot. rep. 497. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 87. t. 50.
— Burm. zeyl. 128. t. 58. f. 2. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 52. t. 30.
Var. y. Great double Arabian or Tuscan jasmine. J. Sambae,
Ker. bot. reg. 497. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 89. t. 51.
Var. Z, trifolidlum ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers double.
Nyctanthes grandiflora. Lour, cocli. p. 21. Nyct. trifoli'kta,
Vahl. enum. 1. p. 26.
iSamiac or Arabian Jasmine. Fl. year. Clt. 1665. Sh. tw.
2 J. QUiNQUEFLORUM (Heyuc, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2878.)
branches, peduncles, calyxes, and petioles downy ; leaves ob-
long, sometimes short-acuminated, always mucronate ; calycine
segments 8, long-subulate; corolla almost semi-double, of many
lanceolate segments ; peduncles terminal, 3-5-flowered. tj . ,^. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Gongachora and Patna. J. san-
jilrium, Hamilt. mss. Flowers white. 'Rear\y a.\\\ed to J. Sdmbac.
Var. (i, piibescens ; leaves rounded ; plant more downy ; co-
rolla with fewer segments. Tj . ^, S. Native of the East
Indies, at Mongger. J. pubescens, Hamilt. mss. ex Wall. cat.
no. 2880.
Five-flowered Jasmine. Shrub cl.
3 J. sca'ndens (Vahl. symb. bot. 3. p. 2. enum. 1. p. 27.)
twining, glabrous; leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, entire, acu-
minated, shining ; corymbs globular, terminal, trichotomous ;
calycine segments 6-7, bristle-shaped, hairy ; segments of co-
rolla 6-8, lanceolate, very acute, almost the length of tube.
Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, particularly in Bengal,
Chittagong, and Java. Nyctanthes scandens. Rets. obs. 5.
p. 9. Mogorium scandens. Lam. diet. 4. p. 210. Peduncles
and pedicels short, villous as well as the calyxes. Flowers pure
white, delightfully fragrant.
Climbing Jasmine. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub twining.
4 J. CLA^BRUM (Horsfield ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. H. p. 31.
Blum, bijdr. p. 679.) scandent ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated,
downy on the margins and the ribs beneath, as well as the pe-
tioles and branchlets ; peduncles axillary ; calycine segments
subulate, downy. ^ • v^- S. Native of Java, about Batavia.
Corolla of 9 narrow segments. Branches terete.
Glabrous Jasmine. Shrub cl.
5 J. elonga'tum (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 28. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 37.) climbing, villous ; leaves opposite or alternate, lanceolate
or ovate-oblong ; corymbs trichotomous ; segments of corolla
8-12, linear; calyx 5-6-cleft : segments subulate. Tj . ^. S.
Native of the East Indies, in forests near the mouth of the
Hoogly, in Bengal, and of Java. Nyctanthes elongata, Lin. syst.
56. suppl. 82. Berg. act. angl. 1772. p. 290. t. 1 1. J. Roxburgh-
i^num. Wall. cat. no. 2870. Flowers pretty large, pure white,
fragrant. Pedicels clavate. Corolla having the tube much swelled
towards the mouth, and with the edges of the segments revolute.
Var. ft ; leaves all somewhat cordate at the base, smoothish
above. Tj . ^. S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, at the
foot of Mount Tjerimai, among buslies. Blum, bijdr. p. 678.
Elongated Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
C J. GLABRiu'scuLUM (Blum. bijdr. p. 679.) subscandent ;
leaves opposite, rarely alternate, ovate, acuminated, rounded at
the base, glabrous, downy on the ribs beneath, as well as the
branchlets ; cymes terminal, undivided ; calycine segments su-
bulate. Ij . ^, S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, among
bushes, in the province of Cheribon. Nearly allied to J. elon-
gdtiim.
Smoothish Jasmine. Fl. year. Shrub cl.
7 J. pube'scens (Willd. spec. 1. p. 37.) sarmentose, downy ;
leaves cordate, mucronate, tomentose beneath and on the pe-
tioles, at length naked above : the upper ones forming an invo-
lucrum round the umbel ; umbels terminal, sessile ; calyx of 0-8
plumose, filiform segments ; segments of corolla 6-9, lanceolate.
60
JASMINEACE^. I. Jasminum.
FIG. 10.
Clt. 1759. Shrub strag-
cuspidate. ^ . G. Native of
the East Indies, in Bengal and
Nipaul, but originally from China.
Vahl. symb. 1. p. 26. Nyc-
tanthes multiflora, Burm. fl. ind.
p. 5. t. 3. f. 1. Nyct. pubes-
cens, Retz, obs. 5. p. 9. J.
multifloruni, Andr. rep. 8. t.
49G. Nyct. hirsutum, Lin. spec.
p. 8. J. liirsiitum, Lin. syst.
p. 5G. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p.
117. t. 118. Ker. bot. reg. 51.
Sims. bot. mag. 1991. Mogo-
rium pubescens, Lam. diet. 4.
p. 213.— Rheed. mal. 6. p. 95.
t. 54. Flowers large, pure white,
fragrant, (f. 10.)
Domiij Jasmine. Fl. May, Aug.
gling.
8 J. LAURiFoiiuM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 91.) climbing, gla-
brous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, lucid, 3-nerved ; flowers axil-
lary and terminal, from 1-5 together, on long pedicels; calycine
segments 6-7, filiform : those of the corolla 9-12, linear, length
of tube. \ • \j-^- Native of the mountains east of Bengal.
Ker. bot. reg. t. 521. Flowers white, fragrant.
Laurel-leaved Jd^smme. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl.
9 J. puncta'tum (Hamilt. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2877.)
puberulous while young; leaves ovate -lanceolate or oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, feather-nerved, glabrous in the adult state ;
peduncles terminal, trichotomous ; calyx downy, with linear
segments; segments of the corolla 8-10, acute; bracteas subu-
late. ^ . ^. S. Native of Patna. Flowers white.
Dolled ia.sm\ne. Shrub cl.
10 J. coarcta'tum (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 91.) erect, glabrous;
leaves oblong, smooth, acute ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate,
crowded with ternate, nearly sessile flowers, bracteate ; calyx
S-cleft. h . S. Native of the East Indies, on the hills near
Chittagong. May be known from all the other simple-leaved
East Indian species by the erect habit, and by the great number
of flowers, which form the little dense corymbs.
Conrc(a<e-flovvered Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Shrub erect.
11 J. coRDiFOLiuM (Wall. Cat. no. 2858.) leaves broad,
ovate-cordate, acuminated, with 3 principal nerves, glabrous
in the adult state ; flowers terminal, corymbose ; corymbs thrice
trichotomous, downy : bracteas subulate ; calyx campanulate,
with subulate segments ; segments of corolla 8, elliptic, mucro-
nate. ^2 . ,_,• S. Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligherry
mountains. Flowers white.
Hearl-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl.
12 J. trine'rve (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 2.) climbing, polished,
glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminated, 3-nerved,
polished; flowers axillary and terminal, 1-9 together ; calycine
segments 6-7, subulate ; segments of corolla 6-8, nearly filiform,
longer than the tube. Ij . ^. S. Native of Silhet, in forests.
J. acuminatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 7. Mogorium acuminatum, Lam.
ill. p. 23. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Tube of corolla
long, widening above the middle.
Three-ner fed Jasmine. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1804. Sh. cl.
13 J. Finlaysonia'num (Wall. cat. no. 7126.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, 3-5-nerved, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 3-flow-
ered ; calycine segments long, subulate. I^ . ,_^. S. Native of
the East Indies. Plant glabrous.
Finlaysoris Jasmine. Shrub cl.
14 J. bractea'tum (Roxb. fl. ind. I. p. 92.) twining, villous;
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, villous ; flowers in bracteate fascicles
of 3, 5, or 1 1 ; calycine segments from 5-7, subulate ; segments
of corolla 5-8, oblong, with rounded acuminated tips ; stigma
entire. tj . '^. S. Native of Sumatra and Bencoolen. J. con-
gestum. Herb. Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 2874. J. Rottleriinum,
Wall. cat. no. 2865. ? Flowers numerous, pretty large, white,
fragrant, in fascicles embraced by bracteas. Berries black.
Bractealedi asm'me. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Sh. tw.
15 J. bifa'rium (Wall. cat. no. 2866.) branchlets, calyxes,
and leaves while young downy ; leaves disposed in two rows,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, mucronate, glabrous in the adult
state, on short petioles; peduncles axillary, branch-like, bearing
each a head of flowers at top, which is involucrated by 2 large
ovate leaves ; pedicels short ; teeth of calyx 6, subulate ; corolla
with a long, slender tube : and 6-8 lanceolate segments. I2 • v^- ^•
Native of Penang. J. bracteatum, Roxb. mss.
BifariousAeayeA Jasmine. Shrub cl.
16 J. amplexicau'le (Herb. Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 2875.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acute ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
3-flowered : terminal ones corymbose ; calycine segments 7, long,
subulate ; segments of corolla 7, lanceolate, acute. '^ . ^. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Goalpara.
Stein-clasp'n\g Jasmine. Shrub cl.
17 J. LATiFOLiuM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 93.) twining, smooth;
leaves cordate-oblong, pointed, smooth ; corymbs trichotomous,
diffuse; calycine segments 5-7, subulate ; segments of corolla
8-10-12, linear, cuspidate; berries kidney-shaped. Jj . '^. S.
Native of the Circar mountains. Flowers large, white, fragrant.
Broad-leaved iaamme. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub tw.
18 J. reticula'tum (Wall. cat. no. 2869.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, tapering at the base, glabrous in the adult
state ; flowers terminal, capitate, or corymbose ; young branches
and calyxes downy ; segments of calyx 5, subulate ; corolla with
a long tube, 'and 8 linear segments. (^ . ^. S. Native of the
Pundua mountains and Silhet. Nearly allied to J. arborescens
and /. lalij'oimm. Heads of flowers bracteate.
Reticulale-\ea\'ei\ Jasmine. Shrub.
19 J. areore'scens (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 94.) arborescent;
leaves opposite and 3 in a whorl, ovate, downy ; flowers nu-
merous, corymb-formed ; calycine segments 5-6, subulate, in-
curved, villous ; segments of corolla 10-12, linear, acute. Tj . S.
Native of the more elevated parts of Bengal. Nyctanthes gran-
difl^ra. Lour. coch. 21. Young shoots villous. Panicles tri-
chotomous. Flowers large, white, and very fragrant. Very
nearly allied to J. latifoliuin.
Arborescent iasmxne. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
20 J. angustifolium (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 29.) twining, po-
lished ; leaves ovate or oblong, smooth, of a shining deep green ;
flowers generally by threes ; calycine segments acute ; segments
of corolla 8-9, lanceolate ; berries single, ovate. Tj . '^. S.
Native of the Coromandel coast. J. vimineum, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 36. Nyctanthes triflora, Burm. ind. 4. t. 2. J. triflorum, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 7. Nyctanthes viminea, Retz. obs. 5. p. 9. Nyc.angus-
tif olia, Lin. spec. 8. Mogorium triflorum. Lam. ill. t. 6. — Rheed.
mal. 6. p. 93. t. 53. Flowers large, white, with a faint tinge of
red, star-shaped, having a peculiar but very pleasant fragrance.
Stigma lanceolate. This species, being constantly covered with
leaves of a bright shining deep green, sometimes as small as those
of box, renders it always beautiful, and particularly well adapted
for screening windows, covering arbours, Src. in warm climates.
Narrow-leaved iasmme. Fl. year. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw.
21 J. tubiflorum (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 96.) climbing, gla-
brous ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-oblong, smooth ; flowers from
3-5 together, on short peduncles ; calycine segments 7-8, subu-
late, one-sixth the length of the very long slender tube of the
corolla; segments of corolla 7-8, lanceolate; three times shorter
than the tube ; berries ovate. Tj . ^. S. Native of the Malay
Archipelago.
JASMINEACE^i;. I. Jasminum.
61
Tube-Jlowered Jasmine. Shrub cl.
22 J. cusPiDA lUM (Willd. act. am. N. C. berol. 4. p. 192.)
climbing, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, mucronate, on short petioles ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flow-
ered : and terminal, 3-flowered. y^ . ^. S. Native of the East
Indies. J. mucronatum and J. glaucum. Herb. madr. Leaves
stiff, almost 3-nerved. Calyx campanulate, with subulate seg-
ments. Segments of corolla 5-7, lanceolate, acute. Very
nearly allied to J, Sdmbac.
Cuspidate-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl.
23 J. Guinee'nse ; leaves simple, glabrous; flowers terminal.
y^ • ^. S. Native of Guinea, at Cape Coast, common among
bushes. Flowers white, fragrant. Calyx toothed or cleft. ?
Guinea Jasmine. Siirub cl.
24 J. TRicHOTOMUM (Heyne, ex Roth, nov, spec. p. 6.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, glabrous above, and clothed with rusty tomen-
tum beneath; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, compound, pilose;
calyx campanulate, about equal in length to the erect segments,
f; . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Calyx 6-8-cleft. Co-
rolla usually G-cleft, with linear-lanceolate segments.
Trichotomous Jasmine. Shrub tw.
25 J. UNDULATUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 27.) leaves oblong-
cordate, shining ; branches and peduncles hairy ; peduncles
usually 3-flowered ; calycine segments setaceous ; segments of
corolla 8, oblong. Tj . ^. G. Native of China. Ker. hot. reg.
436. J. Heyneanum, Wall. cat. no. 2865. Nyctanthes undu-
lata, Lin, spec. p. 8. syst. p. 56. Peduncles trichotomous, 3 or
many-flowered. Flowers white. Perhaps only /. imhescens, Lin.
Waved-\ea.\eA Jasmine. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl.
26 J. monta'num (Roth. nov. spec. p. 5.) leaves subcordate,
obtuse, glabrous ; young branches, petioles, peduncles, and
calyxes hairy ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; calyx sub-cam-
panulate : with erect, linear, obtuse segments ; segments of co-
rolla lanceolate, 8 in number, acuminated. ^ . ,^. S. Native
of the East Indies. Flowers white. Berries globose, black,
size of a pea.
Mountain Jasmine. Shrub cl.
27 J. MULTiFLORBM (Roth. nov. spcc. p. 6.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, and are, as well as the young branches, pilose ; pani-
cles lateral and terminal, elongated, corymbose, fastigiate;
calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments ; peduncles and
calyxes hairy. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Pe-
duncles naked, 3-6-flowered. Corolla 8-cleft, with lanceolate
segments.
Many-Jlowcred Jasmine. Shrub cl.
28 J. LANCEOLATUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 6. t. 7. f. a.)
erect, simple ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, nearly sessile, reflexed
at the points ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1 -flowered; co-
rolline segments oblong-obovate. fj . G. Native of Peru, in
the woods of Puzuzo. Flowers white, tinged with purple.
ZflMceo/a/e-leaved Jasmine. Shrub 2 feet.
29 J. SESsiLiFLOBUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 29.) climbing, gla-
brous, much branched; leaves oblong-ovate, acute, shining;
flowers terminal, sessile, by threes ; segments of corolla 6, lan-
ceolate, acute. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves
veiny above and veinless beneath. Flowers white.
Sessile-Jloivered Jasmine. Shrub cl.
30 J. GLAu'cuM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 30.) climbing, glabrous;
leaves lanceolate, mucronate, shining; calycine segments 5, subu-
late ; corolla 6-7-cleft ; peduncles terminal, usually 3-flowered.
1; . ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Vent. eels. t. 55.
Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 42. J. rivulare, Sal. stirp. rar. 15. t. 8.
Nyctanthes glauca, Lin. suppl. p. 82. Mogorium myrtifolium,
Lam. ill. 1. p. 23. and J. ligustrifolium. Lam. ill. 1. t. 25. — •
Comm. pi. rar. t. 5. f. 5. Panicle simple and compound, tri-
chotomous. Corollas white, larger than those of J. officinale.
Glaucous ia&mme. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub cl.
* * Leaves simple. Calyx toothed.
31 J. GLANDULosuM (Wall. Cat. no. 2849.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate, acuminated ; calyx tubular, 8-toothed ; segments of
corolla 8, lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; bracteas setaceous ;
peduncles axillary, 3-flovvered ; flowers pedicellate. ^ . ^. G.
Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Corolla white.
Glandular Jasmine. Shrub cl.
32 J. OBLONGUM (Burm. ind. 4. t. 3. f. 2.) branches simple ;
leaves oblong, mucronate, glabrous; peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered. Pj . ^. S. Native of Java. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 29.
Flowers yellow, smaller than those of /. odoratissimum. Perhaps
the same as /. simpUcifdlium.
Oblong-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl.
33 J. ACUMiNA~TUM (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) leaves ovate, acu-
minated, glabrous ; petioles 5-6 times longer than the superior
joint ; calyx campanulate, with very short teeth. ^t • w ^•
Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Lindl. hot. reg. t.
1296. Panicles terminal, trichotomous, corymbose. Flowers
white. Corolla 6-parted, with ovate segments.
Acuminate-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
34 J. mo'lle (R. Br. prod. p. 521,) leaves ovate, acute, or
acuminated, downy, very soft beneath ; peduncles terminal, tri-
chotomous ; teeth of calyx very short. 't • w' Gr. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Soft Jasmine. Shrub cl.
35 J. CRAssiFOLiUM (Blum. bijdr. p. 679.) scandent; young
branchlets beset with glandular hairs ; leaves alternate : floral
ones for the most part opposite, oval, acute, triple-nerved, shining,
of the consistence of parchment ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
crowded, 3-5-flowered; pedicels long; calyx tubular, obso-
letely 5-tootlied. t^ . ^. S. Native of the western provinces
of Java, in woods on the mountains.
Thick-leaved Jasmine. Fl. year. Shrub cl.
36 J. siMPiiciFOLiuM (Forst. prod. 3. no. 7. Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 27. Willd. spec. 1. p. 39.) shrubby, spreading, glabrous;
leaves oblong, polished ; flowers from 3 to many, terminal ;
calyx campanulate, with a 5-toothed border; segments of corolla
from 6-8, linear, acute, equalling the tube in length. Ij . S.
Native of the Friendly Islands, and the Eastern Archipelago.
Sims, hot. mag. t. 980. J. australe, Pers. ench. 1. p. 8. Flowers
terminal, from 3 to a decussate panicle, having its ramification
trifid. Bracteas small, subulate. Corollas white, fragrant.
Simple-leaved Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1808. Sh. cl.
37 J. l;e"tum (Wall. cat. no. 2859.) branches, calyxes, and
young leaves downy ; leaves ovale, acuminated, almost glabrous
in the adult state ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; bracteas
and calycine teeth subulate; calyx 7-toothed ; segments of
corolla 7, lanceolate, acute. fj . ^. S. Native of the Burman
empire, in Pantang Creek on the Irrawaddy ; and at Amherst,
on the Martaban. Flowers white.
Pleasant Jasmine. Shrub cl.
38 J. gra'cile (Andr. rep. 127. R. Br. prod. p. 521.) twin-
ing, glabrous ; leaves ovate, shining ; calyx short, campanulate,
with very short teeth. I? • >_i- CJ. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic, of New South Wales, Norfolk Island, and the
islands in the South Seas. J. geniculatum. Vent, choix, t. 8.
J. lucidum, herb. Banks, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 132. Peduncles
terminal; pedicels 3, 1-flowered. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla
white, 5-8-cleft, fragrant ; segments linear.
Slender Jasmine. Fl. year. Clt. 1791. Shrub cl.
39 J. Hamiltonii ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous, shin-
ing ; peduncles terminal, solitary, trichotomous, 3-flovvered ; ca-
lycine teeth short, subulate; limb of corolla 8-1 0-parted, with
linear, obtuse segments, fj . ^. G. Native of Upper Nipaul, at
Suembu. Mogorium dichotomum, Hamilt. mss. J. dichoto-
mum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 105. but not of Vahl.
Hamiltons Jasmine. Shrub cl. ?
62
JASMINEACEjE. I. Jasminum.
40 J. volu'bile (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 321. fragm. t.
44. f. 2.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate,
glabrous ; panicle terminal ; calyx 4-6-toothe(l ; corolla (i-8-
cleft. h^ . ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pedun-
cles many-flowered. Berries blue.
Tnining Jasmine. Shrub tw.
41 J. DEcussATUM (Wall. cat. 2860.) branches villous ; leaves
broad- ovate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, downy
on both surfaces, but especially beneath and on the nerves above;
petioles short, villous ; corymbs terminal, villous, trichotomous ;
calyx with a short tube, and subulate teeth ; segments of corolla
6-8, line;a-lanceolate, acuminated. ^2 • S. Native of the Bur-
man Empire, on the banks of the Martaban, at Amherst. Flowers
white. Divisions of calyx between teeth and segments, like
those of the following species.
Decussate-\ea\eA Jasmine. Shrub erect ?
42 J. syring«f6lium (Wall. cat. no. 2861.) glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles tricho-
tomous, axillary and terminal, corymbose ; calyx campanulate,
with 6 subulate teeth ; segments of corolla lanceolate-linear,
acute, 5-7. h • k^- S- Native of the Burman empire at Am-
herst, on the banks of the Martaban, and at Tavoy.
Lilac-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl.
43 J. DicHOTOMUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 26.) climbing, glabrous;
leaves ovate, quite glabrous ; panicles di-trichotomous ; calyx
sub-campanulate, with subulate teeth. I; . ^. S. Native of
Guinea. Corollaan inch long, white, sweet-scented. Berries blue.
Dicliolomous Jasmine. Shrub cl.
44 J. Heynea'num ; glabrous ; leaves ovate-roundish, acu-
minated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomous; calyx
obsoletely 5-toothed ; segments of corolla acute ; berries twin,
on clavate pedicels ; bracteas minute. I7 . ^. S. Native of the
East Indies. J. undulatum, Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. 7125.
but not of Vahl. Flowers white.
Heyne's Jasmine. Shrub cl.
45 J. exte'nsum (Wall. cat. no. 2862.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, mucro-
nate ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; calyx campanulate, with
at first almost obsolete teeth, but which increase in size as well
as the pedicels, as the fruit comes to maturity ; segments of
corollas oblong-lanceolate, mucronato. I^ . ^. S. Native of
the Burman empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Flowers white.
Extended Jasmine. Shrub cl.
46 J. attenua'tum (Roxb. herb. beng. ex Wall. cat. no.
2864.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, with re-
volute edges, acuminated ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
forming a loose, terminal panicle ; calyx campanulate, with short
teeth ; segments of corolla 5, lanceolate, acuminated, fj . ^. S.
Native of Silhet. Leaves 5-6 inches long and 2-3 broad. The
/. lanceolatum, Roxb. fl. ind., is a variety of this, according to
Wall. cat. 1. c. Flowers white.
AUenuated-\ea.\e.d Jasmine. Shrub cl.
* * * Leaves ternate, opposite.
47 J. auricula'tum (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 1. enum. 1. p. 30.)
leaves ternate, but those of the branchlets and flowers are sim-
ple ; lateral leaflets small; calyx angular, with 5 minute gland-
like teeth, and is, as well as the branchlets, which are terete,
downy; corolla 7-cleft. I; . '^. G. Native of the Isle of France
and Malabar. Ker. hot. reg. 264. J. trifoliatum, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 7. Mogorium trifoliatum. Lam. ill. 1. p. 24. The whole
shrub is clothed with greyish down. Panicle fastigiate ; pedun-
cles trichotomous. Calycine segments obtuse. Segments of
corolla 5-8, ovate, obtuse, oblong. Berries globular. Flowers
small, white, disposed in trichotomous corymbs. Stigma clavate.
.4«j"ic/crf-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Ju. Sept. CIt. 1790. Sh. tw.
48 J. fle'xile (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 1. onum. 1. p. .31.) climb-
ing, glabrous ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated ; racemes axil-
lary, brachiate ; calyx campanulate ; with 5-6 minute, ovate
teeth ; segments of corolla 7, shorter than the tube. ^i . ^. S.
Native of the East Indies, and the Mauritius. J. Mauritii-
num, Hort. J. Travancorense, Herb. madr. Petioles twisted.
Peduncles spreading, longer than the leaves ; partial ones 3-
flowered. Corolla with a very long tube.
i?e«<-petioled Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Sh. cL
49 J. TORTUosuM (Willd. enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 10.) twin-
ing, glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate, mucronate : odd one the
largest ; branches downy. Ij . '^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hoi)e. J. flexile, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 4. p. 46. t. 490.
Leaves glabrous, but not shining, with a few hairs on the mid-rib
beneath. Petioles downy. Corolla white, with lanceolatesegments.
Twisted Jasmine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub tw.
50 J. trifolia'tum (Telfair, mss. ex Wall. cat. no. 2890.)
branches, peduncles, petioles, and calyxes downy, as well as the
leaves, in the young state ; leaves alternate, trifoliate ; leaflets
ovate-roundish, obtuse : middle one on a longer petiole than the
rest, glabrous in the adult state ; peduncles terminal and axil-
lary, trichotomous, corymbose ; calyx 5-toothed ; segments of
corolla 7-8, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. ^ . ,_,. S. Native of
the Mauritius. Bracteas of 2 forms : upper ones subulate.
Trifoliate Jasmine. Shrub cl. ?
51 J. NocTiFLORUM (Afz. cx Sprcng. syst. 1. p. 31.) leaflets
ovate-oblong, acuminated, 3-nerved, glabrous ; peduncles by
threes, 3-flowered, terminal ; calyx denticulated. f; . ^. S.
Native of Sierra Leone.
Night-fiowering Jasmine. Shrub cl.
52 J. Azo'ricum (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 31.) leaflets ovate and
subcordate, undulated; branches terete; calyx campanulate;
segments of corolla 5, equal in length to the tube. ^J . ^* G.
Native of the Azores, and Madeira. Sims, hot. mag. 1889. Ker.
hot. reg. 89. J. trifoliatum. Mcench. Nyctanthes Azorica, Lin.
spec. 1. p. 9. — Conim. hort. 1. p. 159. t. 82. Flowers white.
^sorian Jasmine. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1724. Shrub tw.
53 J. Cape'nse (Thunb. prod. p. 2. fl. cap. 1. p. 41. Vahl,
symb. 3. p. 32.) branchlets angular, and are, as well as the
petioles and leaves glabrous ; leaflets ovate, sub-retuse, with
an acumen ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, shorter than the
leaves ; calyx tubular. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. J. angulare, Willd. spec. 1. p. 38. Branches tetra-
gonal. Leaves glabrous ; margins of petioles pilose. Panicles
terminal, trichotomous. Calyx 5-6-toothed, short ; teeth short.
Segments of corolla 6-7, much shorter than the tube.
Cape Jasmine. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 feet.
54 J. DiDYMUM (Forst. prod. no. 8. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 2.)
leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; racemes downy, axillary ; integument
of seed reticulated and cliinky. I; . G. Native of the Society
Islands. Glabrous. Leaves 2 inches long, obscurely veined.
Peduncles length of petioles. Calyx short, campanulate, with
minute teeth.
Didymous irmteA Jasmine. Shrub.
55 J. linea're (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) leaves nearly opposite,
downy ; leaflets linear, acute ; branches terete ; panicles axil-
lary, trichotomous. I; . ^. G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast.
Linear-\ea.\eA Jasmine. Shrub cl.
56 J. divarica'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) glabrous in every
part ; leaflets sub-ovate ; teeth of calyx obsolete ; integument
of seed imperforated. I; . ^. G. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic. Lindl. hot. reg. 1291.
Divaricate Jasmine. Shrub cl.
57 J. campanula'tum (Link, jahrb. 1. 3. H. p. 30. enum.
1. p. 32.) leaflets oval, acuminated, apicidated, glabrous;
calyx campanulate, glabrous, with very short segments ; panicle
close ; branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, downy.
JASMINEACEiE. I. Jasminum.
as
fj . '^. S. Native of? Leaflets unequal at the base, somewhat
repand, liaving tlie veins confluent near tlie margin.
Campanulate-calyxed Jasmine. Clt. 1822. Shrub tl.
58 J. lanceola'ria (Roxb. fl. inch 1. p. 97.) erect; leaves
ternate ; leaflets lanceolate ; corymbs terminal. Ij . F. Native
of Silhet, in the jungles and coppices.
Layiceolate Jasmine. Clt. 182G. Shrub erect.
59 J. PANicuLA^TUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 97.) erect, polished
in every part ; leaves ternate ; leaflets oval, bluntly acuminated ;
panicles terminal. Tj . G. Native of China. Lodd. hot. cab.
469. Flowers small, white, numerous.
Pfli«;V/c(i Jasmine. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
60 J. dispe'rmum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 99. pi. asiat.
rar. 3. t. 274.) scandent, glabrous ; leaves opposite, pinnate,
rarely ternate ; leaflets 5, rarely 3, ovate-oblong or ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, 3-5-nerved ; corymbs
terminal and lateral, brachiate ; calyx campanulate, with subu-
late teeth ; segments of corolla 5, oblong, lanceolate, obtuse ;
berries twin, 2-seeded. T; . ^. G. Native of Nipaul, where it
is called Goojee-soali, as well as of Kamaon and Sirmore. J. lati-
folium, Hamilt. mss. J. quinquenerve. Lamb. herb. Branches
angular. Leaves membranous ; lateral leaflets smaller. Flowers
large, fragrant, white, with opposite subulate bracteas at their
base. Pedicels short. Berries twin, 2-seeded.
Two-seeded Jasmine. Clt. 1825. Slirub cl.
* * * * Leaves ternate, alternate.
61 J. fru'ticans (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. syst. ed. 14. Vahl,
enum. 1. p. 33.) leaves alternate, ternate, and simple ; leaflets
obovate or cuneiform, obtuse ; branches angular ; calycine
segments subulate. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe,
and throughout the Levant. Curt. bot. mag. 13. t. 461.
Schmidt, cest. baumz. 3. t. 148. J. heterophyllum, Moench, —
Lob. adv. p. 389. f 390. Leaves glabrous. Peduncles ter-
minal by threes. Corolla yellow : with oblong, obtuse segments.
This ^a.swnne is often planted against walls, pales, &c. It, how-
ever answers better for shrubberies than the common jasmine.
Shrubby Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1570. Sh. 10 to 12 ft.
62 J. hu'mile (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 33.)
leaves alternate, acute, ternate and pinnate ; branches angular ;
calycine segments very short, fj . H. Native of Madeira. Ker.
bot. reg. t. 350.— Besl. eyst. 40. f. 2. — Knor. thes. 1. t. 1. —
Schmidt, asstr. baumz. t. 149. Plant glabrous. Peduncles ter-
minal, twin, or tern, 3-flowered. Corolla yellow: with oblong,
obtuse segments.
Humble or Italian Yellow
Jasmine. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt.
1656. Sh. erect, 3 to 4 feet.
63 J. ODORATissmuM (Lin.
spec. p. 10. Vahl, enum. 1. p.
33.) leaves alternate, bluntish,
ternate, and pinnate ; branches
terete ; calycine segments very
short, fj . ^. H. Native of Ma-
deira. Curt. bot. mag. 8. t.
285. — Barr. icon. t. 62. Plant
glabrous. Peduncles terminal,
by threes, 3-flowered. Corolla
yellow : with 5 oblong, obtuse
segments, (f 1 1.)
J ery sweet-scented or Indian
Yellow Jasmine. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. 1656. Shrub cl.
64 J. heterophy'llum (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 99. and 164.)
arboreous ; leaves alternate, simple, or ternate, oblong-elliptic
or broad-ovate, acuminated, waved, lucid, firm, glabrous ; pani-
12
cles terminal, trichotomous, fastigiate, corymbose, downy ; calyx
urceolate, with short, subulate teeth ; segments of the corolla
oblong, equal to the tube in length. Pj . H. Native of Nipaul,
where it is called Goojee and Javana. Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 3. t.
275. J. arboreum, Hamilt. mss. This species grows to a middle-
sized tree, with long, terete branches, which have a tendency
to become rambling. Leaves varying in size and form. Flowers
very numerous, yellow, fragrant.
Farious-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. middle-
sized.
65 J. callophy'llum (Wall. cat. no. 2889.) glabrous; leaves
alternate, trifoliate, on long petioles ; leaflets roundish-ovate,
and ovate-lanceolate, shining, acuminated and mucronate, on
long petiolules ; peduncles terminal, compound, trichotomously
branched, with almost sessile flowers in the extreme forks, some-
what racemose ; calyx slightly 5-toothed ; segments of corolla
5, acute, oblong-lanceolate. Ij . ^. S. Native of the East
Indies, on the mountains of Madura. Bracteas small, setaceous.
Flowers white.
Beautiful-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl.
***** Leaves pinnate, opposite.
66 J. OFFiciNA LE (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 34.)
leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; buds
erectish. ^ . ^. H. Native of the south of Europe, in hedges.
Curt. bot. mag. 1. t. 31. Lam. ill. t. 7. f. 1. — Bull. herb,
t. 231. — Schmidt, sestr. baumz. 3. t. 150. Plant glabrous.
Branches angular. Calycine segments 5, subulate. Corolla
white, 4-5- cleft, sweet-scented. Terminal leaflet the longest.
The common jasmine has been a favourite wall shrub from time
immemorial. Its native country, as well as the date of its intro-
duction, are unknown. Gerarde, in 1597, says it was in com-
mon use for covering arbours. There are golden and silver-
edged-leaved varieties of the common jasmine, as well as a
double-flowered variety.
Conunon Jasmine. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1548. Shrub cl.
_ 67 J. GRANDiFLORUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9.) leaves opposite,
pinnate ; leaflets bluntish, outer 3-5 confluent ; buds horizontal.
fj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 91. J.
Hispanicum, Hort. — Rheed. mal. 6. t. 52. — Merian. sur. t. 46.
— Knor. thes. 1. t. 1. Very like /. officinale, but diflfers in the
equal size of the leaflets, and in the exterior ones being confluent,
and in the flowers being larger, and rddish underneath.
Great-flowered or Catalonian Jasmine. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.
1629. Shrub cl.
68 J. au'reum (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 106.) leaves oppo-
site ; leaflets 9-11, ovate, acute, almost sessile, 3-nerved, gla-
brous ; panicles terminal and lateral, few-flowered, glabrous ;
branches 5-angled, glabrous. Fj . H. Native of Nipaul.
Flowers yellow.
Golden-^owereA Jasmine. Shrub.
69 J. bignonia'ceum (Wall. cat. no. 2886.) leaves opposite,
pinnate ; leaflets small, oblong, or oblong-obovate, or attenuated
at both ends, glabrous : odd one usually acuminated ; peduncles
aggregate, 3-flowcred, terminal ; corolla funnel-shaped, with
roundish-reniform short segments ; calyx 5-toothed. H . G.
Native of the Nellighery mountains, where it was collected by
Noton. The leaflets are sometimes binate.
Bignonia-like Jasmine. Shrub.
****** Leaves pinnate, alternate.
70 J. NERVOSUM (Lour. coch. p. 29.) scandent, glabrous ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved, shining ;
calycine segments 5-8, subulate ; segments of corolla 5-8, ob-
long, obtuse. I; . ^. H. Native of Cochinchina, in hedges.
Flowers white, scentless. Branches terete. Flowers terminal.
64
JASMINEACEiE. I. Jasminum. II. Nyctanthes. STRYCHNACE^. I. Strychnos.
Nerved -\ea\eA Jasmine. Shrub cl.
71 J. REvoLUTiiM (Ker. bot. reg. 178. Sims, bot. mag.
1731.) erect; leaves alternate, pinnate; leaflets 5-7, ovate-
lanceolate, or elliptic, glabrous, on short petiolules ; corymbs
terminal, compound ; calycine teeth very short, mucronate ;
branches angular, glabrous, f^ . F. Native of the mountainous
countries north of Hindostan, and of Nipaul, &'c. Lodd. bot.
cab. 96G. J. chrysanthemum, Roxb. fl. ind. l.p. 93. Leaves
shining. Flowers bright yellow, very fragrant. Segments of
corolla 5, obtuse. Stigma clavate.
/Jciofo/e-leaved Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812. Sh. cl.
72 J puBiGERUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 106.) leaves alter-
nate, pinnate ; leaflets 7, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated,
sessile, downy while young ; branches angular, downy ; pedun-
cles elongated, 1 -flowered, terminal, sub-corymbose, downy;
teeth of calyx short ; segments of corolla 5-6, obtuse. Ij . F.
Native of Nipaul, where it is called Chimali-sma. J. Walli-
chianum, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1409. Terminal leaflet longer
and more attenuated than the lateral ones. Flowers yellow,
smaller than those of J. revolutum, to which it is very nearly
allied.
Pubigerous Yellow Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1827. Sh. cl.
Cult. The hardy species of Jasmine are well adapted for
training against walls or trellis work ; they will grow in any com-
mon soil, and are easily increased by ripe cuttings planted under
a hand-glass. The greenhouse kinds grow freely in a mixture of
loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings are easily struck in
the same kind of soil, or in sand, under a hand-glass, in a little
heat.
II. NYCTA'NTHES (from vvl vvktoq, mix, nuctos, night;
and ai'doc, anthos, a flower; in allusion to the flowers opening
at the approach of night, and falling off at the break of day ;
hence the name arbor tristis, which is given to the species.)
Lin. gen. no. 21. Juss. 104. — Parilium, Gsertn. t. 51. — Sca-
brha, Schreb. no. 154. Gfertn. 1. t. l.'iS.
Lin. syst. D'ldndria, Mono^ynia. Calyx campanulate, slightly
5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped. Stigma capitate, glan-
dular. Capsule superior, obcordate, compressed, 2-celled, 2-
valved ; cells 1-seeded. Embryo erect, without albumen. — An
erect, spreading shrub, with opposite simple leaves, and large
terminal panicles of flowers
1. N. A'RBOR-TRlsTis(Lin. spec. p. 8. syst. 56.) ^ . S. Native
of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 399. Parilium arbor tristis,
Gajrtn. sem. 1 . p. 234. t. 51. Scabrita scabra, Lin. syst. 115. ed.
12; Geertn. fruct. 2. p. 265. t. 138. Scabrita triflora, Lin.
mant. 1. p. 37. Manga pumerum, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 35. t. 21.
Sephalica Asiat. res. 4. p. 244. Branches tetragonal. Leaves
on short petioles, cordate, acuminated, entire, or coarsely serrated,
scabrous. Inflorescence a large terminal, leafy, cross-armed
panicle, composed of small, 5-flowered, terminal umbellets.
Flowers numerous, middle sized, exquisitely fragrant, open at
sunset, and fall off at sunrise. Involucra of the umbellets 4-
leaved. Corolla with an orange-coloured tube, and a white bor-
der ; segments of the limb 6-7, twisted, triangular, or obliquely
lobed, having the outer margin scolloped. The flowers of this
tree are exquisitely fragrant, partaking of the smell of fresh
honey, and on that account the plant is much esteemed ; for
when destitute of flowers, it has but an indifTerent appearance.
The orange tubes of the flowers dye a most beautiful buflf or
orange colour, with the various shades between them, according
to the preparation and mode of conducting the operation ; but,
unfortunately, no way has yet been discovered of rendering this
elegant colour durable.
Sad-Tree. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1781. Tree 10-18 feet.
Cult. 'I'his tree grows freely in loam and peat, but seldom
produces flowers in England. Cuttings, not too ripe, root rea-
dily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
Order CL. STRYCHNA'CE^ (this order only contains
the genus Strychnos.) Strychnese.
Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a cylindrical
tube, and a 4-5-parted border ; segments narrow, imbricate in
£estivation. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments very short ; anthers sub-
sagittate or oblong. Ovarium superior, 2-celled ; ovula nume-
rous, attached to fleshy receptacles down to the middle of the
partition. Berries large, 2-celled, but in the more advanced
state only 1 cell can be detected ; covered by a hard, brittle
rind. Seeds few, or numerous, flattened, peltate, broad, nest-
ling in gelatinous pulp ; integument double. Embryo straight,
furnished with albumen, having the radicle pointing to the
hilum, centripetal ; and the cotyledons often 3-nerved.
Shrubs erect or rambling, either with or without tendrils.
Leavesopposite, 3-nerved, or triple-nerved, rarely feather-nerved.
Flowers small, white, or greenish white, disposed in terminal and
axillary pedunculate corymbs. The well-known Nux-vomica,
and the Clearing-nut of the East Indies, are species of Strychnos:
the fruit is remarkable for its bitterness, and acrid deleterious
effects, which are indicated, not only when introduced into the
stomach, but still more violently when introduced into the
system by inoculation.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Stry'chnos. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta-
mens 5, on short filaments, inserted in the top of the tube.
Berry 1-2 celled. Seeds nestling in the pulp, flat, peltate. —
Leaves 3 or triple-nerved.
2 Picrophlce'us. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped.
Stamens 5, short, inserted at the base of the corolla. Berry 2-
celled, many-seeded. Seeds variously angled. — Leaves veiny.
3 Cyrtophy'lldm. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped.
Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the upper part of the tube.
Berry 2-celled, many seeded. Seeds peltate.
4 Lasiostoma. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla with a short tube,
and a 4-cleft limb ; lobes villous. Stamens 4, exserted, inserted
in the tube. Capsule 1 -celled, ex Kunth, 2-celled, ex Meyer,
1-2-seeded. Seeds convex on one side, and flat on the other.
— Leaves triple-nerved.
5 Gakdne'ria. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla rotate, with a short
tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4, inclosed. Berry 2-
celled, 2-seeded. Seeds orbicular, compressed. — Leaves fea-
ther-nerved.
I. STRY'CHNOS (orpvxi'oc is the Greek name of Solanum,
applied to this genus by Theophrastus.) Lin. gen. no. 253.
Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 476. t. 179. Juss. gen. 149. R. Br. prod,
p. 469. Ignatia, Lour. coch.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla tubular, funnel-shaped : with a 5-parted, spreading limb,
valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the
corolla. Ovarium 2-celled, many-seeded. Style one ; stigma
capitate. Berry globose, pulpy inside, with a crustaceous rind.
Seeds fixed to a central placenta, peltate, witli copious albumen.
Embryo foliaceous, with a common radical. — Non-lactescent
STRYCHNACEiE. I. Strychnos.
65
trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually nerved. Flowers
corymbose.
* Tendrils none.
1 S. Nu'x-VoMicA (Lin. spec. 271.) leaves 3-5-iK;rved,
o\ al, shining ; berries many-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the
coast of Coromandel. Woodv. nied. hot. 2. p. 29. t. 223.
Church, et Stev. med. bot. 2. t. 52. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 8. t. 4,
Gffirtn. fruct. t. 179. f. 7. Hayne, darst. t. 17. Plenck, icon.
117. Caniram, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 67. t. 37. Blackw. t. 395.
Caniram vomiquier, Pet. Th. diet, sc, no. 1. Colubrini ligni
tertium, genus in Malabar, Bauh. pin. p. 301. The tree is
called Koochila by the Bengalese, and Miisadi by the Telingas.
Leaves smooth, shining, from 1|- to 4 inches long. Stipulas
wanting. Flowers small, greenish white, collected into terminal
corymbs. Anthers half within the tube, and half out. Berry
round, smooth, size of a pretty large apple, orange-coloured,
when ripe. The wood of this tree being hard and durable, is
used for many purposes by the natives. It is exceedingly bitter,
particularly that of the root, which is used to cure intermitting
ti;vers, and the bite of venomous snakes, when that of Naga-
Musadi, the S. coluhnna, cannot be had. The seeds are em-
ployed in the distillation of country spirits, to render them more
intoxicating. The pulp of the fruit seems perfectly innocent, as
it is greedily eaten by many sorts of birds.
Nux Vomica is one of the narcotic acrid class of poisons, and
seems to have a direct power over the spinal cord. It produces
laborious perspiration, which is followed by torpor, trembling,
coma, convulsions, and death. M. Drapiez has ascertained, by
numerous experiments, that the fruit of Feuillea cordijulia is a
powerful antidote against this, and other vegetable poisons.
For a century Nux J'omica has been known as a powerful medi-
cine, and is employed in a vast variety of diseases, with different
degrees of success. M. Majendie discovered that the plant
possessed the singular effect of strongly affecting the spinal
marrow, without affecting, except indirectly, the function of the
brain ; and it was conjectured by him, that it might be turned to
advantage in the cure of diseases. This conjecture has since
been amply confirmed. M. Majendie, ignorant of Dr. Fouquier's
published cases, succeeded in curing persons of paralysis ; and
has since given the alcaholic extract of Nux Vomica, not merely
to palsies, both partial and general, but also to various other
kinds of local and general debility. Strychnine is a preparation
of Nux J umica.
Vomit-Nut, or Poison Nut. Clt. 1788. Tree middle-sized.
2 S. POTATORUM (Lin. spec. p. 227.) leaves opposite, from
ovate to oval, glabrous, pointed ; bark deeply cracked ; berries
1 -seeded. I; . S. Native of the East Indies, in mountains and
woods of great extent. Lin. suppl. p. 148. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 9.
t. 5. Stryclmos Tettan-cotta, Retz. obs. 2. p. 12. Gsertn.
fruct. 2. p. 477. t. 179. Caniram Titan-cotta, Pet. Th. diet,
des. sc. no. 2, The Hindoo and Bengalese name of the tree is
Nirmuke ; it is called Induga by the Telingas, and Tettan-
Kotta by the Tamuls. Tlie leaves cannot be either said to be
3-nerved or triple-nerved. Stipulas connecting. Corymbs from
the tops of the last year's shoots, round the base of the present
year's, bearing, in a ternary order, many small, greenish yellow,
fragrant flowers. Berry shining, black when ripe. The wood
of this, like that of the former, is hard and durable, and is used
for various economical purposes. The pulp of the fruit, when
ripe, is eaten by the natives, although not very agreeable to
Europeans, The ripe seeds are dried, and sold in every market,
to clear muddy water. The natives never drink clear well-
water, if they can get pond or river water, which is always more
or less impure. One of the seeds is well rubbed, for a minute or
two, round the inside of the vessel containing the water, gene-
rally an unglazed earthen one, which is then left to settle ; in a
VOL. IV.
very short time the impurities fall to the bottom, leaving the
water clear, and perfectly wholesome. These seeds are gene-
rally carried about by the more provident part of our officers
and soldiers, in time of war, to enable them to purify their
water. They are easier to be obtained than alum, and are pro-
bably less hurtful to the constitution.
Drinkers' Strychnos or Clearing Nut. Clt. 1794. Tree 15
to 20 feet.
3 S. ovALiPOLiA (Wall. cat. no. 1592.) leaves oval, tapering
to both ends, acuminated ; peduncles axillary, corymbose; fruit
size of a small cherry. H . S. Native of Penang. Leaves
with three principal nerves. S. laurina. Wall. cat. no. 1591,
a native of Tavoy, does not appear to differ much from the present
species, unless in the peduncles being branched and panicled.
Oval-leaved Strychnos. Shrub cl ?
4 S. Madagascarie'nsis (Pet. Th. ex Poir. diet. 8. p. C9f).)
leaves ovate, acute ; corolla quadrifid, with a villous throat ; fruit
very large, 1 -seeded. h . S. Native of Madagascar, about
Foul-Point. Caniram de Madagascar, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 3.
Flowers in axillary bracteate corymbs, at the tops of the branches.
Very nearly allied to S. potatorum.
Madagascar Strychnos. Clt. 1 823. Tree.
5 S. spinosa (Lam. ill. no. 2449. Poir. diet. 8. p. 697.)
branches spiny ; leaves obovate, acute or acuminated ; corolla
with a bearded throat, hardly longer than the calyx. Jj . S.
Native of Madagascar, in sand, on the shore. Caniram, Voutac.
Pet. Th. I.e. no. 4. Voutaca, Flacourt, mad. p. 121.no. 13. —
Pluk. phyt. t. 170. f 4. Leaves glabrous, 3 inches long, and 2
broad, 5-nerved. Spines (abortive tendrils) longer than the
petioles, axillary. Corymbs axillary, at the top of the branches,
with opposite peduncles. Corolla tubularly ventricose, small.
Fruit globose, many-seeded, 8 inches in diameter, at length
orange-coloured.
Spiny Strychnos. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 to 12 feet, cl.
G S. Lu'ciDA (R. Br. prod. p. 469.) leaves ovate, acutish,
coriaceous, 3-nerved ; nerves bipartite. h . G. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Shming-]eaved Strychnos. Shrub.
7 S. Igna'tii (Berg. mat. med. p. 149.) leaves ovate, acute,
glabrous ; berry pear-shaped, many-seeded ; peduncles axillary,
about 4-flowered. l^ • ^- S. Native of Cochinchina, and
the Philippine Islands. Ignatia amara, Lin. suppl. p. 149.
Gsertn. fruct. t. 179. f. 8. Ignatiana Philippinica, Lour. coch. p.
125. Caniram de St. Ignatio, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 6. Camelli,
Phil, trans. 21. t. 1. f. 46. Branches sarmentose, scandent.
Leaves a span long, veiny. Panicles small, axillary, composed
of 3-4-flowered peduncles. Flowers long, drooping, white,
with the scent of jasmine. Fruit ovate, attenuated at the neck,
size of a Bon Chretien pear. Loureiro, however, says that the
fruit is rounded, attenuated at the neck, dry. Seeds ovate,
trigonal, of a dry, very bitter substance.
St. Ignatius's Bean. Shrub cl.
* * Tendrils present.
8 S. coLUBRiNA (Lin. spec. 271.) scandent; tendrils sim-
ple ; leaves from oval to oblong, bluntly acuminated, triple-
nerved, polished ; berries many-seeded. V^ . ^. S. Native of
the coast of Coromandel, and of Silhet. Plenck, off. t. 118.
Modha Caniram, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 24. Caniram a Crochet,
Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 5. Arbor ligni Colubrini, Rumph. amb. 2. t.
37. Tendrils lateral, becoming tliick and woody. Corymbs
terminal, small, composed of 2-3 pairs of villous branches.
Stipulas none. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Leaves 3-6
inches long, and 2-3 broad. Berry often as large as an orange:
rind vellowish. The tree is called by the Bengalese Koochila-
luta, and by the Telingas Naga-Musadi. (Naga, or Tansoopaun,
K
66
STRYCHNACEiE. II. Picrophlceus. III. Cyutophyllum. IV. Lasiostoma. V. Gardneria.
in the Telinga language, means tlie Cobra de Capella, or Coluber
naga, Lin. Tansoo means dancing, amlpaun, a serpent, this sort
being famous for erecting its head, and moving it from side to
side, at tiie sound of music.) This species yields the real, or, at
least, another kind of Lignum Colubrinwn. The wood of the
sort is esteemed, by the Telinga physicians, an infallible remedy
for the bite of the Naga, as well as for that of every other
venomous snake. It is applied externally, and at the same time
given internally. It is also given in substance, for the Cure of
intermitting fevers. Roxb. mss. in fl. ind. 2. p. 265.
(Sna/le- wood, or Lignum Colubrinum. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
9 S. axillaris (Colbr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 351-355. t. 15.
Blum, bijdr. 1019.) leaves ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate ; tendrils axillary, simple, thickened, downy ; berry oval,
1 -seeded. Tj . ^. S. Native of the mountainous countries
north and east of bilhet, in Bengal, where it is called Hur-cuchUa,
or Har-citchUa ; and of the island of Nusa-Kambanga. Branches
dichotomous, downy while young. Leaves glossy, villous while
young, triple-nerved, sometimes also 3-nerved, twice as long as
the interstices. Stipulas none, except a downy axillary margin,
which connects the base of the petioles. Fascicles of flowers
crowded, round, twice as long as the petioles. Axils of the
principal nerves of the leaves, as also the petioles, downy.
//a;i7/«r?/-flowered Strychnos. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
10 S. tiEU^TE (Leschen. ann. du mus. 16. p. 480. t. 23.)
Bkim, bijdr. 1019.) leaves elliptic, short-acuminate, 3-nerved,
glabrous ; tendrils simple, thickened, opposite the solitary
leaves, f; . S. Native of Java, where it is called Tjeltek, or
Upas Tieute. Bark of stem rufescent ; wood cream-coloured,
spongy. Branches green. Leaves 3-nerved, glabrous, green.
Fruit globose, many-seeded. This tree is said to be very
poisonous, and is probably the true Upas tree of Java.
Tieute Strychnos. Shrub cl.
11 S. BiciRRiiosA (Lesch. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 267.) leaves
elliptic, cuspidately acuie, triple-nerved ; tendrils bifid, opposite
the leaves, with thickened divisions ; berry globular, 1-seeded.
Tj . ^, S. Native in forests near Koudracotta, about 20 miles
south of Tanjore. Tendrils with a pair of scale-formed bracteas
under the divisions. Glabrous in every part.
Tmo-tendriUed Strychnos. Shrub cl.
12 S. NiTiDA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate,
with 3 principal nerves, and 2 small lateral ones ; tendrils oppo-
site the leaves, bifid at apex, having the lobes clavate and curved
at top, without any small process between them, as in S.
hicirrhosa. Lesch. Tj . ,^. S. Native of the East Indies, on the
Pundua mountains. Peduncles long, corymbose at top. S.
lucida, Wall. cat. no. 1590, but not of R. Br.
Shilling-leaved Strychnos. Shrub cl.
13 S. brachia'ta (Ruiz, ct Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 30. t. 157.)
leaves ovate or oblong, acuminated, 5-nerved, glabrous ; tendrils
opposite the leaves ; berry globose, many-seeded ; stem bra-
chiate, terete; flowers corymbose, axillary and terminal, fj . ^.
S. Native of Peru, in woods. Branches pendant. Bracteas
linear, subulate, deciduous. Calyx villous. Corollas white, villous
outside. Berries large, globose, pendulous, greenish yellow.
Bracliiate-slemmed Strychnos. Shrub cl.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is a good soil for
the species of Strychnos ; and cuttings of them will strike root
in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
II. PICROPHLCE'US (from mKpoe,picros, bitter; and (pXoioe,
phloios, bark; the bark is very bitter.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1019.
LiN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, im-
bricate. Corolla with a short tube ; and a 5-parted limb, which
is imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of
the corolla, short. Style short ; stigma obtuse, emarginate.
12
Berry with a crustaceous rind, 2-celled, many-seeded ; recepta-
cles or placentas twin in each cell, fleshy, rising from the
inflexed edges of the dissepiments. Seeds minute, variously-
angled, reticulated. Albumen rather cartilaginous. — A shrub,
with bitter bark ; opposite, oblong, coriaceous, rather veiny, quite
glabrous leaves ; and terminal, dichotomous corymbs of flowers.
1 P. Javane'nsis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1020.) fj . S. Native of
Java, in the higher woods on Mount Salak.
Java Picrophlceus. Fl. April, July. Shrub.
Cult. See Strychnos, above, for culture and propagation.
III. CYRTOPHY'LLUM (from KvproQ, kyrtos, a curved ; and
(jivXXof, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the leaves of the first
species being convex on the upper side.) Reinwdt. herb, ex
Blum, bijdr. p. 1022.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Alonogynia. Flowers inferior, ac-
cording to Blum. ; but, according to Reinwdt, superior. Calyx
5-parted, imbricate, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb
5-parted. Stamens 5, exserted ; filaments inserted in the upper
part of the tube ; anthers incumbent, emarginate at the base.
Style filiform ; stigma bluntish. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded ;
receptacle fleshy, fixed to the dissepiment. — Hardly lactescent
trees ; with opposite, coriaceous, glabrous leaves ; and axillary
and terminal corymbose inflorescence.
1 C. I'EREGRiNUiM (Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1022.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, convex above, and
concave beneath. Ij . G. Native of Japan and China.
Foreign Cyrtophyllum. Fl. year. Tree.
2 C. sPEciosUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1022.) leaves broad-lanceo-
late, much acuminated, flat. Ij . S. Native of Java, in woods
on Mounts Salak and Gede, where it is called Kiminjak.
Showy Cyrtophyllum. Fl. June, Aug. Tree.
Cult. See Strychnos, above, for culture and propagation.
IV. LASIO'STOMA (from XaaioQ, lasios, woolly ; and
dTofia, stoma, a mouth ; mouth of corolla.) Schreb. gen. no.
180. Meyer, ess. p. S3. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 7.
p. 209.— Roiihamon, Aubl. guian. 1 . p. 93. t. 36. Lam. ill. t. 81.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, bibrac-
teate at the base ; segments acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube
short ; limb quadrifid : lobes acute, villous. Stamens 4, in-
serted in the tube, exserted ; anthers oblong, 2-celled. Ovarium
ovate. St^leone; stigma ovate. Capsule orbicular, 1 -celled,
ex Kunth. 2-celled, ex Meyer, 2-seeded. Seeds ovate, convex
on one side, and flat on the other. — Cirrhiferous, climbing
shrubs, full of yellowish, poisonous juice ; having the branches
opposite : and the tendrils axillary, solitary, thickened, and
spirally convolute at top. Leaves opposite, quite entire, triple-
nerved. Corymbs axillary, opposite, bracteate. Flowers small,
white. Capsules yellowish.
1 L. Cura're (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 7. p. 210.) leaves
oblong, triple-nerved; flowers corymbose, l^ . v_y. S. Native of
South America, near Esmeraldo, in the missions of the Orinoco.
Curare, or Bejuco de Mavacure, Humb. relat. hist. 2. p. 547.
Curare Lasiostoma. Shrub cl.
2 L. divarica'ta (Meyer, ess. p. 83.) leaves obovate-oblong,
triple-nerved; flowers racemosely corymbose. Ij . ^. S. Native
of tropical America.
Divaricate Lasiostoma. Shrub cl.
3 L. ciRRHosA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 134.) leaves elliptic, 3-nerved ;
corymbs sessile. tj • v^- S. Native of Guiana. Roiihamon
Guianensis, Aubl. 1. c. Lam. 1. c.
Tendrilled Lasiostoma. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Strychnos, above.
V. GARDNE'RIA (this genus is dedicated to Hon. Edward
Gardner, late resident at the court of the Rajah of Nipaul,
STRYCHNACEiE. V. Gardneria. VI. Dicaryum. POTALIACE^. I. Potalia.
67
by whose indefatigable exertions and liberality the Botanic Gar-
dens at Calcutta, as well as those of Britain, have been enriched
by many splendid additions of plants and seeds, the productions
of Nipanl.) Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 401 and 2. p. 318. D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 132. Cyathospermum, Wall. mss.
Lin. syst. Telrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, 4-5-toothed.
Corolla rotate, with a 4-5-partcd limb, and a short tube ; valvate
in ajstivation. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments very short, flat ; anthers
oblong, convex outside, flattish inside, 2-celled, closely com-
bined into a cone : having the valves membranous and involute
after dehiscence. Style subulate, straight, shorter than the sta-
mens, with a furrow on each side ; stigma acute. Ovarium
superior. Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbi-
cular ; testa simple, adhering closely to the albumen, which is
copious, white and horny, pellucid and dotted. Embryo
straight, basilar. Cotyledons ovate. — Climbing, much branched
shrubs, glabrous in every part. Leaves opposite, ex-stipulate,
elliptic, acuminated, rather coriaceous, quite entire, shining, pe-
tiolate. Peduncles axillary, opposite, trichotomous, 3-flowered,
or simple 1 -flowered, glabrous, shorter than the leaves. Flowers
white, twice the size of those of the Cynanchum v'mceldxicum.
1 G. ovVta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 400. 2. p. 318.)
leaves elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base ; peduncles tricho-
tomous, 3-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous ; seeds concave inside.
H . ^. S. Native of Silhet, in Bengal. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3.
p. 17. t. 231. Leaves pale beneath, having the nerves united by
sub-marginal arches ; petioles widening at the base, and sur-
rounding the branches, concealing in their axils a few withering
eiliee. Placenta fleshy, short, originating from tlie centre of the
dissepiment. Anthers combined.
Oi'«(e-leaved Gardneria. Shrub cl.
2 G. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 318.) leaves
narrow-lanceolate, tapering into a narrow acumen ; flowers
solitary, axillary, pentandrous ; anthers distinct, fj . ,^. S.
Native of Nipaul. Leaves 5 inches long, and 1 inch in breadth.
Petioles as in the preceding. Flowers nodding in sestivation,
tetrandrous and pentandrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry scarlet,
as large as a marrow-fat pea, but in all other respects like that
of G. ovala.
Narrow-leaved Gardneria. Shrub, cl.
3 G. gla'bra (Wall. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 132.)
leaves elliptic, acuminated, obtuse at the base ; peduncles 1-
Howered, simple : seeds flat inside. Fj . ^. S. Native of
Silhet. The flowers and seeds are larger than in G. ovdta. It
is probably the same as G. angustifilia.
Glabrous Gardneria. Shrub cl.
4 G. Wallichii (Wight, herb, ex Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p.
49. t. 281.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles
axillary, 3-flowered, or bifid, each division bearing 3 flowers ;
corollas densely villous above ; anthers 4, combined, 1^ . ^.
S. Native of the East Indies, on mountains at Salem, Wight.
Waliich's Gardneria. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Stry'chnos, p, 66.
t A genus doubtful whether belonging to the present order.
VI. DICA'RYUM (from ?tg, dis, double; and Kapvoy, karyon,
a nut ; drupe containing 2 nuts.) Herb. Willd. ex Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed, per-
manent. Corolla 5-toothed ; with a pilose throat. Stamens 5,
inserted in the throat. .Style thick, subulate ; stigma obtuse.
Drupe containing 2 2-celled, 1 -2-seeded nuts. — South Ame-
rican trees ; with opposite leaves ; and terminal, panicles, or
axillary racemes of flowers. This genus is said by D. C. to
belong to Strychnacece, but it is hardly known.
1 D. subdenta'tum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutely
toothed, shining above; racemes terminal. I7 . S. Native of
South America, at Pichincha. Humb. et Bonp. Leaves coria-
ceous, with protuberances at the base of the petioles, reticulately
veined, pale beneath.
Subdentate-\eavei] Dicaryum. Tree or shrub.
2 D. serrula'tum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, serrulated ; panicles axillary. Pj . S. Native of South
America, on Mount Quindiu. Humb. et Bonp.
Serrulated-\ea.\cd Dicaryum. Tree or shrub.
Ciclt. For culture and propagation see Stnjchnos, p. 66.
Order CLI. POTALIA'CEJi (so called in consequence of
the order agreeing with the genus Potalia in important charac-
ters.) Potali^oe, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 133.
Flowers of unequal parts. Calyx 4-5-6-parted. Corolla
tubular, with a nearly equal limb, which is from 5-12-cleft,
twisted and imbricate in jestivation. Stamens rising from the
tube of the corolla ; pollen elliptic, simple. Style continuous :
stigma simple. Berry 2-4-celled. Seeds numerous, peltate,
fixed to the placentas, which are central. Testa double. Em-
bryo heterotropus, in cartilaginous albumen — Glabrous, some-
what lactescent shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, quite entire,
joined by interpetiolar sheathing stipulas. Flowers disposed
in terminal panicled corymbs, bracteate.
This order is easily distinguished from Apocy'nece, from which
it is broke ofT, in the parts of the flowers being unequal, in the
double testa to the seed, and especially in the petioles being
joined by interpetiolar stipulas, as in Rubiacece.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Pota'lia. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 10-parted,
imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10; filaments combined by
an annuhnr membrane. Berry 2-celled.
2 Anthoclei'sta. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 12-cleft,
imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 12, combined. Berry 2-celled.
3 Fagr/e'a. Calyx 5-parted. Limb of corolla 5-6-parted.
imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5, unconnected. Berry 2-celled.
I. POTA'LIA (Guiana name of the first species). Aubl.
guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 89. —
Nicandra, Schreb. gen. no. 714.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, tur-
binate, 4-parted. Corolla tubular; limb 10-cleft ; segments
imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10, rising from the tube of
the corolla ; filaments combined by an annular membrane at
the base; anthers linear. Style short; stigma capitately pel-
tate, lobed. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded, umbonate, angular.
Seeds angular, rising from 2 basilar placentas. — Nearly simple
glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite and decussate, large, entire,
joined by an interpetiolar sheath at the base. Flowers of a
beautiful colour, disposed in terminal corymbose panicles, fur-
nished with scale-like br.icteas.
1 P. ama'ra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151.) leaves opposite,
decussate, obovate, pointed ; calyx yellow ; corolla white.
1} . S. Native of Guiana, in extensive forests. Nicandra
amara, Gmel. syst. 677. Stem simple. Leaves ]| foot long
and 5 inches broad. Berry yellow, fleshy, size of a cherry.
All parts of the plant are bitter ; the leaves and tender twigs
are used in venereal cases; and where there is suspicion of
poison, it being highly emetic in large doses.
Bitter Potalia. Shrub.
K 2
68
POTALIACE^E. II. Anthocleista. III. Fagr.ea.
2 B. REsiNiFERA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 90. t. 170.)
leaves opposite, oblong-obovate ; calyx yellow ; corolla green,
fj . S. Native of Brazil, in tlie province of Rio Negro, at
Villa Barra do Rio Negro. Stem simple. An infusion of the
leaves is rather mucilaginous, and somewhat astringent ; and
is used as a lotion to weak eyes.
Resin-hear'mg Potalia. Shrub C to 8 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Fagrcea, p. 69.
II. ANTHOCLEI'STA (from a>'9oc, anthos, a flower, and
k-Xfitrros, kleistos, shut up ; corolla shut up by the crown in the
throat). Afz. ex R. Br.
Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Monogynm. Calyx 4-parted. Co-
rolla tubular ; limb 12-cleft, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens
12, combined. Style filiform ; stigma capitate, obtusely 2-
lobed. Berry roundish or oblong, size of a cherry, 2-celled ?
4-celled. ? — Middle-sized branching trees ; with broad, oppo-
site leaves, which are combined at the base by interpetiolar
sheaths ; and terminal panicled corymbs of white flowers.
1 A. NOBTLis; leaves broad, obovate, coriaceous, almost
sessile. \ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains.
Corolla white.
Noble Anthocleista. Tree 20 feet.
2 A. MACROPHYLLA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 471.) leaves
broad-obovate, obtuse, membranous. Tj . S. Native of Sierra
Leone, on the mountains. Berry 4-celled. Leaves as large
as those of the common cabbage.
Large-leaved Anthocleista. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Fagrcea, p. 69.
III. FAGRjE'A (so named by Thunberg in honour of Jonas
Theodore Fagraeus, M. D.). Thimb. nov. gen. 34. Schreb.
gen. no. 276.
Lin. syst. Penta-Hexdndxia, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted,
imbricate. Corolla funnel-shaped : with an imbricate, 5-C-cleft
limb : tube wideniuif from the base. Stamens 5-6, inserted in
the mouth of the tube, and protruding beyond it. Style fili-
form; stigma peltately orbicular. Berry small, 2-4-celled. Seeds
angular. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite, broad, coriaceous
leaves ; with interpetiolar stipulas ; and terminal flowers. Brac-
teas opposite.
* Erect shrubs and trees.
1 F. Zeyla'nica (Lin. syst. 198. Thimb. nov. gen. 35. and
in act. holm. 1782. p. 132. t. 4') shrubby, erect; stem sub-
quadrangular ; leaves crowded, obovate-oblong, obtuse ; brac-
teas ovate, obtuse ; flowers few, terminal, umbellate. Ij . S.
Native of Ceylon. Willughbeia Zeylanica, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
672. Leaves a span long. Flowers large. Segments of co-
rolla oblique, obtuse, entire. Seeds orbiculate.
Ceylon Fagrsea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 2-4 feet.
2 F. FRA~GRANS (Roxb. fl. iud. 2. p. 32.) arboreous ; leaves
lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; corymbs axillary, decompound ;
stamens ascending ; corollas large. fj . S. Native of China,
but now cultivated in Pulo Penang. Leaves decussate, | foot
long and 1^ inch broad. Petioles enlarged at the base into a
stem-clasping ring, which, in the dried specimens, are incrusted
with a clear yellow resin. Flowers small, numerous, whitish
yellow. Corolla having a tube between campanulate and fun-
nel-shaped : and ovate-oblong divisions. Berry size of a cur-
rant, red.
Fragrant Fagraea. Tree middle-sized.
3 F. lanceola'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1021.) arboreous ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, almost veinless ;
stipulas petiolar, rounded at the apex ; peduncles terminal,
solitary, twin, or tern. Tj . S. Native of Java, in mountain
woods on the west side of the island, where it is called Kilerong ;
and of Penang. Wall. cat. no. 1599. Leaves smaller than in
most of the species.
Lanceolate-\ea.veA Fagraea. Fl. Nov. Dec. Tree.
4 F. ellIptica (Roxb. fl. ind, 2. p. 32.) leaves broad-elliptic,
on short petioles, firm ; corymbs terminal, supra-decompound ;
tube of corolla cylindrical. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Ellij)tic-\eaved Fagrsea. Tree or shrub.
5 F. obova'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 33.) arboreous ;
leaves ovate or obovate, crowded, rounded, with a short broad
point, petiolate ; peduncles terminal, 3-flowered, sub-corymbose.
Ij . S. Native of Silhet, and Singapore. Branches obscurely
4-sided. Leaves 5-6 inches long, thick. Petioles furnished
with a few glandular ciliae, connected by interpetiolar stipu-
las. Flowers white, fragrant, coriaceous, as large as those of
Pluniiera acuminata, but inuch smaller than those of F. Zey-
lanica. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse. Berry 4-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds immersed in soft pulp. Perhaps the same
as F. Zeylanica.
06oDa/e-leaved Fagraea. Tree.
6 F. Malaya na (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 91.) leaves
elliptic, rounded at both ends, with a short acumen at the apex ;
calyx 5-cleft, as in the rest ; corolla tubular, 6-cleft ; stamens 6.
^ . S. Native of the Prince of Wales's Island. Perhaps the
same as /•'. ellij)lica.
Malay Fagraea. Shrub or tree.
7 F. racemosa (Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 35.) shrubby,
erect ? ; leaves broad, oval, rounded at both ends, almost sessile ;
racemes drooping, terminal, shorter than the leaves, consisting
of opposite fascicles of sub-sessile flowers, ^ . S. Native of
Penang. Leaves 6-7 inches long, and 4-5 wide, obtuse, or
slightly pointed, united by interpetiolar stipulary processes.
Calycine segments oval, obtuse. Segments of corolla obovate,
crenulated. .Stamens at first descending, afterwards ascending.
Racemose -Aovi ere A Fagraea. Shrub.
* * A climbing shrub.
8 F. voLu BiLis (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 36.) shrubby,
climbing ; leaves ovate or obovate, petiolate ; racemes terminal,
loose, longer than the leaves, composed of remote, small ra-
cemules of pedicellate flowers. }^ . ^. S. Native of Bencoolen.
Leaves rather remote, 8-12 inches long, and 4-7 vvide at top.
Stipulas as in F. racemosa. Petioles furnished with a narrow
margin on each side, which originates from the slightly decur-
rent base of the leaf. Berries as large as gooseberries, half the
size of those of F. obovdla. Placentas oblong, broad, fleshy,
convex and notched for the reception of the seeds ; the inner
side smooth and concave, fixed longitudinally by a narrow
lamina to the sides of the thin dissepiment. Seeds angular, sca-
brous, with copious dots ; integument simple, crustaceous. Al-
bumen fleshy. Embryo cylindrical, occupying a great part of
the axis of the albumen, with exceedingly small cotyledons,
and a centrifugal radicle. This and F. racemosa may probably
form a distinct genus.
Twining Fagraea. Shrub cl.
* * * Parasitical shrubs.
9 F. auriculata (Jacq. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 34. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1020.) parasitic; leaves broad, cuneate-oblong, acute,
veiny; interpetiolar stipulas, 2-lobed, recurved ; peduncles ter-
minal, usually by threes ; corolla large. Tj . S. Native of Java,
parasitical on trees about Buitenzorg, where it is called Men-
gando-badak ; and of Singapore. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 222.
Leaves coriaceous, 6-12 inches long, and 3-4 inches broad at
top. Calycine segments roundish, obtuse, spreading. Flowers
very large.
Auricled Fagraea. Fl. year. Shrub par.
APOCYNEjE.
69
10 F. littora'lis (Blum, bijilr. 1021.) parasitic ; leaves oval,
acute at both ends, almost veinless ; stipulas petiolar, rounded
at top ; peduncles terminal, usually by threes. h . S. Native
of the island of Nusae-Kambanga. Parasitical on trees.
Sea-shore Fagrtea. Fl. Oct. Shrub parasitical.
11 F. MINOR (Herb. Reinvvdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1021.)
parasitic ; leaves oval, acute, rounded at the base, veiny ; sti-
pulas petiolar, rounded at top ; peduncles terminal, sub-corym-
bose, trifid. f} ■ S- Native of Java, upon trees on the moun-
tains, where it is called Mengando.
Smaller Fagrsea. Fl. year. Shrub par.
12 F. Blu'mii ; parasitic ; leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish,
almost veinless above ; stipulas petiolar, emarginate at the
apex ; peduncles terminal, corymbosely 3-flowered. Ij . S.
Native of Java, in mountain woods. F. obovata, Blum, bijdr.
p. 1021. but not of Wall.
Blinne's Fagraea. Fl. Feb. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of Fagraa bear large foliage, and showy
flowers, as the other genera of the order. A mixture of loam,
peat, and sand, is a good soil for them ; and cuttings strike root
readily in sand, placed in heat, with a hand-glass over them.
Order CLII. APOCY'NE^ (so named on account of its
containing plants agreeing in particular characters with Afocy-
num.) Juss. gen. p. 160. R. Br. prod. p. 465.
Calyx 5- cleft, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogy-
nous, regular, 5-lobed, imbricate in asstivation, deciduous.
Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with the segments of the
limb of the corolla ; anthers 2-celled : dehiscing lengthwise ;
jxjllen granular. Stigmas at first applied to each other. Ovaria
solitary or twin, and therefore the styles are I or 2, and but
always 1 stigma ; ovaria for the most part many seeded. Fruit
follicular, drupaceous or baccate, 1 or many-seeded, solitary or
twin. Seeds usually albuminous. Embryo foliaceous, with an
inconspicuous plumule. — Trees or shrubs usually full of acrid
milky juice. Leaves opposite, sometimes verticillate, rarely
scattered, quite entire, usually furnisiied with interpetiolar cilia
or glands. Inflorescence sub-corymbose.
All the plants contained in this order are very natural. The
structure of the anthers and stigmas easily distinguish them from
A scleinadec^, to which they are more nearly allied than to any other.
The order Strychnacete is distinguished from this in the peltate
seeds. The order is also closely allied to the Rubiacece ; but is
easily distinguished from it, in the want of interpetiolar stipulas,
and in the superior ovarium, &c.
We now turn from the contemplation of plants endued with
mild and agreeable properties, and fragrant flowers, and often
bearing food for man, to others, which are among the most dan-
gerous poisons, whose juices, though milky, are not a wholesome
and delicious beverage, like those oi Saiwtacece, but, on the con-
trary, acrid, caustic, and bitter. They are readily known by the
twisted direction of the corolla, which have been compared to
the rays of St. Catherine's wheel, whence they were called, by
Linnaeus, Conlorta.
By far the greatest part of the order consists of tropical trees
and shrubs ; a ievi Apocynums, Amsbnias, and Vincas, are
natives of the colder regions of the earth. Many are elegant
climbers, as the different species of Echiles, Melodimis, &c.
The splendid Oleander belongs to Neriitm ; the difl^erent species
of Plumiera, Cameriiria, Strophdnthus, and Carissa, are stove
plants of the greatest beauty.
The medicinal action of these plants is highly powerful. In
general the A pocy'nece are acrid, stimulating, and astringent:
these principles, when in excess, act so powerfully on the nerves
as to produce stupefaction. The root of Ophioxylon is very
bitter and purgative. The bark of Tanghinia Mdnghas is pur-
gative ; of Ech'ites antidysenterlca, and the Wrightia of the same
name, astringent and febrifugal. The leaves of the Finca are
so astringent, that they have been used successfully in tanning ;
those of Nerium Oleander are said to abound in gallic acid.
The inspissated juice of the species of Cerbera, known in Mexico
under the name of Ycotli, is a fatal poison. The fruit of Tan-
ghinia is the famous ordeal of Madagascar.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe L
Echitie's. Fruit of 2 follicles, sometimes a 2-celled capsule.
Seeds furnished rvith a tuft of hairs at the iqiper or umbilical end.
* Tube of corolla naked, not crowned, and without scales or
teeth inside.
1 EcHiTES. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering. Hypo-
gynous scales 5, distinct, rarely combined. Corolla salver-shaped,
with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender.
2 Chonemorpha. Stamens inclosed ; anthers adhering.
Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or combined. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender.
3 Aganosma. All as in Chonemorpha, except the hypogy-
nous scales, which are long and combined ; and the style thick,
not slender ; and the stigma is conical, angular at the base, and
mucronate at top, not emarginate.
4 Beaumontia. Calycine segments foliaceous. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a large, swollen, campanu-
late limb, with equal lobes. Stamens exserted ; anthers ad-
hering. Stigma bidentate. Follicles combined, large, long.
5 Pachypodium. Stamens inclosed ; anthers nearly sessile,
adhering. ? Hypogynous scales none. Corolla salver-shaped ;
with equal, obtuse segments. Follicles ovate.
6 Ichnoca'rpus. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Hypogy-
nous corpuscula 5, filiform. Corolla salver-shaped, with dimidiate
segments. Follicles slender.
7 Holarrhe'na. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Hypo-
gynous corpuscula wanting. Corolla sagittate, with equal seg-
ments. Follicles slender.
8 Isone'ma. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; filaments
simple at top. Hypogynous scales wanting. Corolla salver-
shaped ; limb 5-parted.
9 Valla'ris. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila-
ments each furnished with a fleshy gibbosity outside, at the
apex. Hypogynous scales 5, combined at the base. Corolla
salver-shaped ; limb 5-parted. Ovarium 2-celled.
10 Hely'gia. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila-
ments filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Stigma clavate. Corolla
rotate, with dimidiate segments. Follicles combined, with
adnate placentas.
70
APOCYNEiE.
1 1 Parsonsia. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila-
ments fiUfovm, inserted near the base of the tube. Hypogynous
scales 5, distinct or combined. Corolla funnel-shaped. Folli-
cles 2, distinct or cohering.
12 Lyonsia. All as in Parsonsia, except the fruit, wh^ch is
a 2-celled capsule, with parallel placentiferous dissepiments.
13 Thena'rdia. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila-
ments simple, inserted near the base of the tube. Hypogynous
scales 5, distinct. Corolla rotate, with dimidiate segments.
Follicles twin.
14 Ade'num. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering, ending
each in a pilose bristle. Hypogynous scales wanting. Corolla
salver-shaped, with equal segments. Ovaria 2, globose.
* * Tube of corolla furnished with 5 inclosed little scales, or
teeth inside.
15 Apocynum. Teeth, in the tube of the corolla, 5, small,
acute, opposite the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed.
Styles wanting. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla campanulate.
Follicles slender.
16 Cryptole'pis. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5, obtuse,
alternating with the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed.
Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla funnel-shaped. Style none.
17 Exothoste'mon. Scales in the throat of the corolla 5,
opposite the segments of the limb. Stamens exserted. Hypo-
tfynous scales 5. Style filiform. Corollas fimnel-shaped.
Follicles torulose, slender.
18 H^EMADicTYON. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5, alter-
nating with the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed. Style
filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla salver-shaped.
19 Cercocoma. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5 ?, alter-
nating with the segments of the limb. ? Stamens inclosed.
Style filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla salver-shaped.
Follicles horizontal.
* * * Throat of corolla cronmed by exserted scales, or little
tubes.
20 Prestonia. Corona double, exterior one annular, and
quite entire ; interior one of 5 scales, which alternate with the
segments of the corolla. Urceolus hypogynous.
21 Balfou'ria. Corona simple, tubular, crenulated. Hypo-
gynous scales none ; but there are 10 scales seated at the base
of the calyx, outside the corolla. Segments of corolla equal-
sided. Anthers ending in a short mucrone.
22 Ne'rium. Corona simple, of one series of divided seg-
ments. Hypogynous scales wanting. Segments of corolla
equal-sided. Anthers ending in a long awn each.
23 Stropha'nthus. Corona simple, of 10 undivided foliola.
Hypogynous scales 5. Segments of corolla tailed.
Tribe H.
Wrightie'^:. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds furnished mith a
txft of hairs at the lower end of the seed, or that end opposite the
umbilicus. Embryo with involute cotyledons.
24 Wrightia. Throat of corolla crowned. Tuft of hairs at
end of seed sessile.
25 Kibata'lia. Throat of corolla not crowned. Tuft of
hairs at end of seed stipitate. Cercocoma, Wall. ?
Tribe HI.
Alstonie'jE. Fruit of 2 follicles.
Cilia more elongated at both ends.
26 Alstonia. Corolla salver-shaped, with a
Anthers inclosed, free. Hypogynous scales none.
Seeds peltate, ciliated.
naked throat.
Tribe IV.
Gelsemie'/e. Fruit of 2 joined follicles, which are separable,
furrorved in the middle, Z-valved, Z-celled ; valves \-celled, nith
inflexed seminiferous edges, which constitute the dissepiments.
27 Gelse'mium. Corolla funnel shaped. Stigma trifid.
Capsule ovate-oblong, rather compressed. Seeds imbricate,
membranous at apex.
28 Pleotane'ia. Corolla with a short ventricose tube, and
a twisted or coaretate limb. Stigma capitate. Anthers sessile.
Capsule follicular, very long, 2-celled ; seeds compressed,
winged.
Tribe V.
Tabernemonta'n*. Fruit of 2 follicles, rarely solitary by
abortion. Seeds neither tufted nor winged, usually nestling in
the jmlp of the fruit, albuminous. Stigma annular below, and
bifd at top. Anthers free, connivent,
29 Tabernemonta'na. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens
inclosed. Glands at the base of the calyx outside the corolla.
Seeds immersed in pulp.
30 Camera RiA. Corolla between funnel and salver-shaped.
Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent, drawn out, each into a
thread. Style hardly any ; stigma obsolete. Follicles in-
flexed, emitting a lobe on each side. Seeds inserted into a
peculiar membrane.
31 Va'iiea. Corolla funnel-shaped, naked, Lam. ; urceolate,
Roxb. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the bottom of the corolla.
Ovarium girded by an entire urceolus. Follicles twin. Seeds
immersed in pulp.
32 Voaca'nga. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers sessile,
inclosed. Stigma 3-lobed, seated on an annular disk. Follicles
twin, baccate. Seeds imbedded in pulp.
33 Rejou'a. Corolla salver-shaped, naked. Stamens in-
closed; anthers free. Stigma bicuspidate. Fruit solitary, elliptic,
sub-umbilicate, indehiscent. Seeds compressed, nestling in pulp.
34 Orchipe'da. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the throat
half closed by a tumid ring. Stamens inclosed ; anthers
connivent. Ovarium girded by a hypogynous ring. Follicles
twin, fleshy, globose. Seeds wrinkled, imbedded in pulp.
Albumen fleshy.
35 Plumie'ra. Corolla fiinnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed ;
anthers connivent. Stigma clavate, emarginate. Follicles twin,
ventricose. Seeds furnished with a wing at bottom. Ovarium
girded by a hypogynous ring.
36 Conophary'ngia. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens each
rising from a scrobicle ; anthers conniving into a cone. Stigma
sub-bifid. Follicles twin, slipper-shaped. -Seeds like grape
stones, attached to a slender central column, or placenta.
APOCYNE^.
71
37 ViNCA. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers
connivent. Hypogynous scales 2. Stigma marginated below,
and ciliated above. Follicles slender. Seeds disposed in 2 rows.
38 Cathara'nthus. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens in-
closed ; anthers connivent. Hypogynous scales 2. ? Stigma
marginated below, and pilose above. Follicles slender. Seeds
disposed in 2 rows, tubercled on one side.
Tribe VI.
Alyxie'jE. Ovarium double. Fruit sub-drupaceous. Albu-
men large, ruminated as in Annonaceous plants, or fleshy. An-
thers f tee, connivent.
39 Aly'xia. Corolla salver- shaped ; throat naked. Stamens
inclosed. Stigma obtuse, usually pencilled. Drupes 2, or
solitary by abortion, containing a lialf 2-celled putamen.
40 Ce'rbera. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat 5-toothed.
Anthers inclosed, conniving. Drupes twin, dry, containing a
fibry, semi-bivalved, 1 -seeded putamen. Albumen none.
41 Tanghinia. Corolla salver-shaped; throat pentagonal.
Anthers hidden by an equal number of foliaceous scales from the
throat, and furnished with an umbilicate tubercle under each
stamen. Drupe solitary, containing a 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, fibry
nut.
42 Rauwolfia. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat bearded.
Stamens inclosed, or a little exserted ; anthers free. Hypogy-
nous ring surrounding the base of the ovarium. Drupes 2,
combined, containing a 2 celled nut, or 2 1-seeded nuts; cells
semi-bilocular.
43 Dissole'na. Corolla with a long tube, of 2 forms ; lower
part thick, pentagonal ; upper part cylindrical ; limb spreading.
Stamens inserted below the mouth of the lower part of the tube.
Stigma thick, scabrous. Drupe solitary, small, containing a
compressed, scabrous, 1 -celled, 1-seeded nut.
44 OciiRosiA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed ;
anthers free. Drupes twin or solitary, each containing a 2-
celled nut, and each cell containing 2-3 flat, wing-edged seeds.
45 Opiiioxylon. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers inclosed.
Stigma capitate. Drupes twin, or solitary by abortion, each
containing a wrinkled, 1-seeded nut.
46 Valle'sia. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat bearded. Sta-
mens inclosed. Stigma sub-clavate. Drupes clavate, twin, or
solitary, containing each a wrinkled, 1-seeded nut.
Tribe VII.
Kopsie"^. Ovarium double. Fruit drupaceous. Albumen
wanting.
47 KopsiA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat villous. Stamens
inclosed ; anthers free. Stigma oblong, downy at top. Drupes
twin or solitary, coriaceous, divided by an incomplete dissepiment
inside, 1-seeded.
48 Calpica'rpum. Calycine segments each ending in a
gland. Corolla funnel-shaped, with equal segments. Anthers
inclosed, adhering. Stigma large, 2 lobed. Drupe, or rather
capsule usually solitary, 1 -celled, sub-bivalved, urn-shaped, 1-
seeded.
Tribe VIH.
MELODiNE^E. Fruit baccate, solitary. Seeds many, compressed,
imbedded in the pidp, usually albuminous, rarely exalbuminous.
49 Melodinus. Corolla salver-shaped. Corona in the throat
of 5 bifid, or quadrifid, or undivided scales, or foliola. Stamens
inclosed. Style bipartite. Stigma conical, acute. Berry
globose, 2-celled. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, albuminous.
50 Carpodinus. Corolla salver-shaped, with reflexed seg-
ments ; throat crowned. Anthers connivent, inclosed. Style
simple ; stigma capitate. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds
flattened, imbedded in pulp, albuminous.
51 Chiloca'rpus. Corolla salver-shaped; throat not crowned. ?
Anthers inclosed. Stigma capitate. Capsule large, corticate,
1 -celled. Seeds arillate, flattened. Albumen horny.
52 Willughbe'ia. Corolla salver-shaped; throat not crowned.
Anthers inclosed, free. Stigma obtuse. Berry large, 1-celled,
or half 2-celled. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, ex-albumi-
nous, disposed in 2 rows.
53 Ambella'nia. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned.
Stigma bicuspidate at the apex, seated on a flat annular disk.
Berry 2-celled, warted. Seeds compressed, immersed in the
pulp, fixed to a slender receptable, albuminous.
54 Pacou'ria. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. ?
Anthers cuspidate, inclosed. Style and stigma as in Ambcllania.
Berry 1-celled.? Seeds angular, nestling in the pulp; albuminous.
55 Hanc6rnia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-
shaped. Stamens inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry 1-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds albuminous.
56 Landolphia. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned.
Stamens inclosed. Ovarium with 10 stripes. Stigma sub-bifid.
Berry nearly globose, compressed at top, 1-celled. Seeds
nestling in pulp, ovate, compressed.
57 Coo'ma. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens short, inclosed;
anthers sagittate. Disk hypogynous. Stigma bifid. Fruit glo-
bose, 4-5-seeded. Seeds immersed in pulp.
Tribe IX.
Allamandie'^. Fruit capsular, comiwsed of 2 joined follicles,
prickly or smooth outside. Seeds peltate, fixed to a central
placenta. Albumen none.
58 Allama'nda. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a wide, swol-
len, inflated, 5-lobed limb ; throat furnished with 5 scales,
which cover the anthers. Capsule prickly outside.
59 Aspidospe'rma. Corolla 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate ;
throat without scales. Capsules smooth, solitary or twin, obo-
vate, compressed, unequal sided.
Tribe X.
Carandie'/E. Fruit baccate, solitary or twin. Seeds peltate,
winged, naked. Albumen copious, rather horny.
60 Cakissa. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat naked. Stamens
inclosed. Stigma dilated from the base, bifid. Berry solitary,
2-celled ; cells 1 or few-seeded. — Prickly shrubs.
61 Hunte^ria. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat naked. Sta-
mens inclosed. Stigma ovate, 2-lobed. Berries twin, 1-2-
seeded. Unarmed shrubs.
APOCYNE^. I. EcHiTES.
t Genera hardly hnown.
62 Mone'tia. Corolla of 4 petals?; petals somewhat re-
flexed, alternating with the segments of the calyx. Stamens 4,
hypogynous ; anthers sagittate, incumbent. Stigma acute.
Fruit rather fleshy, pea-formed, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds
compressed or peltate. — Prickly shrubs.
63 Ala'fia. Corolla tubularly ventricose, with a 5-parted,
twisted limb ; segments plicately sinuated on one side. Anthers
acute, distinct, connivent ; filaments bound by the style, which
is filiform, and furnished with 5 appendages. Stigma inclosed,
capitate, acuminated.
64 Leuconotis. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla tubular ; limb 4-
lobed. Stamens 4, inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells bi-ovu-
late. Stigma annular, conical at top. Berry 1-3-seeded. Seeds
exalbuminous.
Tribe I.
ECHITIE"^. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs, at the
superior or umbilical extremity. Fruit of 2 follicles.
I. ECHITES (so named from fx'c, cchis, a viper ; perhaps on
account of its deleterious quality, or from its twining habit;
EXirvc, echites, is the serpent stone.) P. Browne, jam. p. 182.
R. Br. in wern. see. I. p. 59. — Echites, spec. Lin. gen. no. 299.
Jacq. amer. 29.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla salver-shaped, with a naked throat and tube; segments
of the limb unequal-sided. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate,
cohering by their middle to the stigma, having the hind lobes
without pollen. Ovaiia 2. Style 1, filiform. Hypogynous
scales 5. Fruit of 2 slender follicles. — Twining shrubs. Leaves
opposite, having tlie interpetiolar cilia glandular. Peduncles
interpetiolar, many-flowered. Flowers showy, white, yellow,
and purple.
§ 1. Flowers umhellaie or corymbose.
1 E. umbella'ta (Jacq. amer. p. 30. t. 22. ed. pict. t. 29.
Lin. spec. 307.) leaves ovate-orbicular, cuspidately mucronate;
glabrous, glandless at the base ; umbels few-flowered ; calycine
segments lanceolate. ^; . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo, Cuba,
and Jamaica, among bushes, and in hedges. Apocynum obli-
quum. Mill. diet. no. 8. — Sloane, hist. 1. p. 207. t. 131. f. 2.
— Brown, jam. p. 1 82. Leaves 2\ inches long. Literpetiolar
cilia short, subulate. Corolla silky, villous inside the tube,
large, with a white or pale yellow limb, and green tube.
t/mfte/Zaie-flowered Echites. Fl. July. CIt. 1733. Shrub tw.
2 E. OBLONGiFOLiA (Desf. herb, ex Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ.
p. 30.) leaves ovate-oblong, auriculately cordate, bluntish,
mucronate, shining above, quite glabrous on both surfaces,
somewhat parallelly nerved ; peduncles one half longer than the
leaves ; flowers large, umbellate. Tj . '^. S. Native of Guiana.
06/o)ig'-leaved Echites. Shrub Iw.
3 E. LiTTOREA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 212.)
leaves oblong, cuspidately mucronate, glabrous, glandless at the
base ; umbels 2 or 5- flowered ; calycine segments ovate-lanceo-
late. 1j . '^. S. Native of Cuba, by the sea side, near Guana-
vacoa. Branches filiform. Interpetiolar cilia subulate. Flowers
white, like those oi E. umhellata.
Sea-shorc Echites. Shrub tw.
4 E. Christopiioria'na (Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 31.)
stems fuscescent, red, with bitter bark ; leaver very bitter, turned
to one side, on short petioles, roundish ovate, acute, pale green
above, but paler beneath, with yellowish nerves ; petioles
incurvedly declinate, with axillary glands ; peduncles axillary,
interpetiolar, elongated, dichotomous, furnished with many
bracteas beneath ; pedicels crowded, 1-flowered. 1; . ^. S.
Native of St. Christopher, by the sea shore. Flowers yellow,
glabrous, having the throat marked with rufescent lines.
St. Christopher Echites. Shrub tw.
5 E. Curu'ra (Mart, ex Linnsea. 6. p. 30.) stem arboreous,
twining a little ; leaves oblong, with a short acumen, acutish at
the base, reticulately veined beneath ; racemes corymbose,
many-flowered, axillary, and terminal ; calycine segments imbri-
cate, ovate, obtuse ; throat of corolla downy : segments obovate-
roundish. fj . ^. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of Rio
Negro.
Curura Echites. Shrub tw.
6 E. sca'bra (Labill. sert. cal. p. 26, t. 31.) leaves elliptic,
somewhat undulated, acuminated ; cymes axillary and terminal ;
corollas hairy. Tj . '^. S. Native of New Caledonia. Thenardia
scabrn, Spreng. syst. addend, p. Q5. Stem pilose at top. Co-
rollas scabrous outside, from hairs. Anthers linear-sagittate.
Scabrous Echites. Shrub tw.
7 E. BiFLORA (Jacq. amer. 38. t. 21. icon. pict. t. 28. Lin.
spec. 307.) leaves oblong, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous ; pedun-
cles 2-flowered ; calycine segments small, ovate. I; . '^. S.
Native of most of the West India Islands, in salt marshes. Swartz.
obs. p. 103. — Plum. amer. 82. t. d6. Leaves attenuated at the
base, obtuse, with a small mucrone, 3 inches long. Corollas
white, but with a yellow throat ; tube narrow.
7'w'o-/oB'erecZ Echites. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Shrub tw.
8 E. nummula'ria (Burm. ind. t. 28. f 1.) leaves cordate,
acuminated ; peduncles 2-flowered, bifid in the middle. h . ^.
S. Native of the West Indies. Probably only a variety of £.
b'lfldia.
Motteii-wort-leavcd Echites. Shrub tw.
§ 2. Flowers racemose.
* Leaves oblong.
9 E. Dominge'nsis (Swartz, prod. p. 52. fl. ind. occ. 1. p
529.) leaves ovate-cordate, or ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above,
rather rusty, and somewhat downy beneatli ; peduncles 1-2-3
flowered ; calycine segments subulate, hairy. Jt • '^- S. Native
of Jamaica and Hispaniola, among bushes by the sea side,
Jacq. coll. 1. p. 73. icon. rar. 53. E. heterophylla, Gmel. syst,
1. p. 437. Stems downy. Flowers large, yellow ; throat villous
wide. Hypouynous glands yellow.
St. Domingo 'EcUies. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw
10 E. barba'ta (Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p
30.) stems weak ; branches downy ; leaves quite glabrous, obo
vate, mucronate, vaguely veined ; peduncles elongated ; flowers
panicled ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla having the tube
bearded with pili, contracted a short way at the base, and
widened above the calyx. Ij . "^t S, Native of the West Indies.
Bearded Echites. Shrub tw.
] 1 E. RE PENS (Jacq. amer. 33. t. 28. icon. pict. t. 33.) leaves
lanceolate-linear, or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles race-
mose ; calycine segments lanceolate. H . '^. S. Native of St.
Domingo, among rocks, and on the edges of woods. Stems
glabrous sarmentose, when old procumbent and rooting, and
when young erectish. Peduncles usually bifid. Flowers elegant,
red. Hypogynous glands roundish.
Creeping Echites. Shrub tw.
12 E. coNCOLOR (Desv. herb. ex. Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ.
p. 31.) stems weak; leaves thick, elliptic-lanceolate, rounded
at the base, mucronate, of the same colour on both surfaces,
almost veinless ; flowers axillary and terminal, twin ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, bluntish ; tube of corolla inflated at
top. ^ . '^. S. Native of Hispaniola. Very nearly allied to
E. ripens.
One-coloured-\eave(\ Echites. Shrub twining.
13 E. LiNEARiFOLiA (Dcsv. herb, ex Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ.
APOCYNEiE. I. EcHiTEs.
73
p. 31.) stems perennial, funicular, glabrous, lactescent ; leaves
linear, mueroiiate, on short petioles ; peduncles axillary, filiform,
bifid, shorter than the leaves ; follicles torulose, linear, fj .
^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers small, white. Nearly
allied to E. repens, in which the flowers are red.
Linear-leaved Ecliites. Shrub cl.
14 E. asperu'ginis (Swartz. prod. p. 53. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
5.31.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous beneath, and rather rough
above ; peduncles racemose. f^ . ^. S. Native of Jamaica
and Hispaniola, among bushes, in dry places. Apocynum scan-
dens, &c. Plum. ed. Burm. icon. t. 26. E. lappulacea. Lam.
diet. 2. p. 340. — Plum. spec. mss. 2. t. 70. Stem purplish, his-
pid. Follicles rough, filiform. Flowers white.
Rough Ecliites. Shrub tw.
15 E. TouosA (Jacq. amer. 33. t. 27. ed. pict. t. 34.) leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous ; peduncles sub-racemose ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate. Tj . '^. S. Native of Jamaica, in
woods, on the mountains. Swartz. obs. p. 105. Lam. ill. t.
174. f. 1. — Browne, jam. 181. t. 16. f. 2. Leaves 2 inches
long. Flowers small, yellow. Tube of corolla ventricose in the
middle, obsoletely pentagonal ; segments broad, and truncate at
top. Follicles tomentose, long, erect. E. torosa, Lam. ill. 2.
p. 339. no. 5. f. 1. which is the plant figured in Plum. ed. Burm.
t. 27 : is probably E. repens, as the flowers are said to be
white or red, and the follicles in that, as in this, are torulose.
roroie-follicled Ecliites. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1770. Shrub tw.
16 E. acumina'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 134. f. a.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate and oblong, acuminated, furnished with
5 glands at the base of each ; racemes short ; pedicels twin.
fj . '~*. S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Chincao, at Macora.
Leaves emarginate at the base, shining above. Stipulas trun-
cate, furnished with a small tooth on each side. Bracteas small,
trifid. Flowers white.
Acumlnated-\esL\eA Echitcs, Shrub tw.
* * Leaves cordate at the base.
17 E. Richa'rdii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 391.) leaves
oblong-ovate, acutely mucronate, cordate at the base ; corolla
and fruit hairy. Ij . '^. S. Native of Cayenne or Guiana.
E. hirsuta, Richard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107. but not of
Ruiz, et Pav.
Richard's Echites. Shrub tw.
18 E. hirte'lla (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 213.)
hairy ; leaves oblong, acutely mucronate, narrowed a little at the
base, cordate, and furnished with one gland, hairy ; peduncles
racemose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated. T^ . '^. S.
Native of New Granada, near Mariquita and Santanna. Inter-
petiolar cilia obsolete. Corollas yellow, hairy outside, and
dotted with silky pili inside. The specimens collected about
Santanna difter from those collected about Mariquita, in the
branches being smoothish, and in the leaves being lanceolate
and smaller, &c. This is probably a species of Prestonia, the
throat being furnished with a red ring, according to Bonpland.
Hairy Echites. Fl. June. Shrub tw.
19 E. TRiFiDA (Jacq. amer. p. 31. t. 24. H. B. et Kunth.
I. c.) leaves elliptic, short-acuminated, rounded at the base, and
furnished with 2 glands ; racemes trifid ; calycine segments
oblong, obtuse. Tj . '^. S. Native of New Spain, in woods,
near Cumana and Cumanacoa. E. cuspidata, Willd. herb, ex
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Stems glabrous, purplish.
Glands on the petioles ovate, acuminated, bifid at apex, and
rather concave. Corolla glabrous, milk-coloured ; upper part
of tube red inside.
TriJid-xAcemea Echites. Fl. Sept. Shrub tw.
20 E. GRANDiFLORA (Meyer, esseq. p. 131.) leaves obovate,
attenuated at the base, quite glabrous ; flowers corymbose ; co-
VOL. IV.
rymbs shorter than the leaves, branched ; calycine segments
roundish-ovate, 3 of which are larger than the other 2. Ij . ^.
S, Native of the Island of Arrowabisch, climbing on trees.
E. insignis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 632. Pedicels sub-bracteate.
Flowers large, reddish yellow; tube 5-angled.
Great -Jlomered Echites. Shrub tw.
21 E. rhyncospe'rma (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 43. t. 49.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers loosely
cymose ; limb of corolla longer than the tube : with falcately
obovate segments ; follicles slender, very long, parallel, pendu-
lous; seeds ending in a long beak, and a tuft of hairs at the top
of the beak. ^^ . '^. S. Native of Martaban, along the rivers
Saluen and Atran. Flowers large, sweet-scented, white ;
tube and limb red towards the throat. Corolla salver-shaped.
Perhaps a species of Kilahalia.
Beaked-seeded Echites. Shrub tw.
22 E. la'xa (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 134. f. b.)
rather villous ; leaves cordate, acute, furnished with many
glands at the base ; peduncles long, loose, racemose, few-
flowered, f; . ^. S. Native of Peru, in woods. E. glandu-
losa, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 557. Stem glabrous, angular, often
granular. Branches rather villous. Stipulas toothed. Brac-
teas small, subulate. Corollas large, yellow.
Zoose-flowered Echites. Shrub tw.
23 E. puBiFLORA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate at the
base, acuminated, glabrous above, but tomentose beneath ; ra-
cemes many-flowered ; corolla hairy outside. T; . '^. S. Native
ofMaranham, in low bushy places. Flowers large, yellow.
Dorvny-JIowered Echites. Shrub twining.
24 E. monta'na (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, cordate, roughish above from hairs, but soft andcanescent
beneath, glandular at the base; peduncles racemose; calycine
segments ovate-lanceolate, much shorter than the tube. J; . ^, S.
Native of the Andes, about Pasto, in bushy places, in the valley
of the river Guaytara. Leaves 2| inches long. Interpetiolar
cilia obsolete. Calyx hairy at the base. Corolla glabrous
outside and inside, yellow above, and white beneath. Follicles
smooth.
Mountain Echites. Fl. Dec. Shrub tw.
25 E. ripa'ria (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 214.)
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, cordate, smoothish above, but
clothed with soft, hair-like down beneath, and canescent, glan-
dular at the base; racemes usually 6-flovvered ; calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, hardly one half shorter than the tube. l^ .
'^. S. Native of New Granada, in hot places, near Teneriffe,
on the banks of the river Magdalena. Branches glabrous.
Peduncles and calyxes downy. Corollas white, glabrous inside
and outside. Very nearly allied to E. montana, from which it
chiefly diflfers in the form and size of the calyx, and in the
colour of the flowers.
Riverside Echites. Fl. May. Shrub tw.
26 E. conge'sta (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves roundish-
ovate, short-acuminated, cordate, rather pilose above, clothed
with soft down beneath, and canescent ; flowers racemose,
capitately crowded ; calycine segments lanceolate-linear. f^ .
'^. S. Native of South America, in the province of Popayan.
Branches hairy, and besprinkled with white warts. Leaves 3
to 3^ inches long, and 2 or 2^ broad. Flowers white, very like
those of Jasniinum sdmbac. Corolla glabrous, but with the
tube downy inside.
CroH'rffrf- flowered Echites. Shrub tw.
27 E. Bogote'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. I. c. p. 215. t. 243 )
leaves oblong, acuminated, obsoletely cordate, glabrous above,
but clothed with powdery down, and glaucescent beneath, fur-
nished with 2 bifid glands toward the base; racemes bifid;
calycine segments ovate-oblong, acutish. Ij . ^. S. Native of
74
APOCYNE^. I. EcHiTEs.
South America, near the town of Santa Fe de Bogota. Branches
glabrous. Leaves 2| inches long. Flowers size of those of
Vinca. Calyx smooth, furnished with 5 trifid scales inside,
towards the base. Corolla white, glabrous, hairy inside.
Bogota Echites. Shrub tw.
28 E. ciTRiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c p. 216.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, obsoletely cordate, quite glabrous, shining
above; petioles furnished with 2 glands inside; racemes bifid;
calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated. 't . ^. S. Native
of New Granada, near Santanna and Mariquita. Branches gla-
brous. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla glabrous outside.
Orange-leaved Echites. Fl. June. Shrub tw.
29 E. DicHOTOMA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 217.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, cordate, glabrous, glandless ? ; racemes
dichotomous, on long peduncles ; calycine segments ovate-
lanceolate. Pj . '^. S. Native of South America, in the pro-
vince of Bracamoros, between Jaen and the river Amazon.
Branches smoothish. Corolla blue or purple.
Z)ic/(o/omoHj-peduncled Echites. Fl. Aug. Shrub tw.
30 E. Maranhame'nsis; leaves cordate, sub-sagittate-oblong,
acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum
beneath ; racemes many-flowered ; flowers almost sessile ; co-
rollas glabrous outside. 5?. ^. S. Native of Maranham.
Flowers large, yellow. Follicles long, smooth.
Alaranham Echites. Siirub cl.
31 E. subsagitta'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19.) gla-
brous ; leaves oblong, sub-sagittate, acuminated, with the hind
lobes obtuse, ciliated, glandular at the base ; peduncles short,
racemose ; calycine segments acute. Tj . ^. S. Native of
Peru, in woods. E. subsagittata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 271. Stems
glabrous, granular, filiform, purplish. Petioles downy. Sti-
pulas form of glands.
Sagittate-\eaL\eA Echites. Shrub tw.
32 E. NiTiDA (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 19.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, subcordate at the base, glabrous, shining above ;
peduncles racemose ; calycine segments linear-obtuse. \^ .'~^. S.
Native of South America. Leaves 3-4 inches long, acute, of a
glaucous rust colour beneath. Petioles purplish. Pedicels
sometimes twin. Corolla white, with the tube swollen at top.
Anthers 8, beaked.
Shming-\e?i\eA Echites. Shrub tw.
33 E. TOMENTOSA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 44.) leaves cordate-ob-
long, acuminated, and are, as well as the stems, hairy; pedun-
cles racemose, 3-4-flowered, pilose ; calycine segments attenu-
ated, glabrous. Ij . ^. S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves 3
inches long. Corolla beset with grey hairs outside, yellow.
Tomentose Echites. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw.
§ 3. Follicles united at top.
34 E. symphyoca'rpa (Meyer, esseq. p. 132.) leaves elliptic-
oval, sub-sagittate, tomentose beneath, roughish above ; racemes
downy ; follicles joined at top ; calycine segments subulate, acu-
minated. T;. '^. S. Native of the Island of Arrowabisch, in
sandy groves. Stems glabrous, red. Tendrils simple, axillary.
Corolla glabrous, yellow outside, but variegated with red and
yellow inside. This, and E. agglutinata, may probably form a
distinct genus, from the follicles being joined at top.
Combined-fruited Echites. Shrub tw.
S5 E. agglutina'ta (Jacq. amer. 31. t. 23. ed. pict. t.
30. Lin. spec. 1671.) leaves ovate, emarginate, with a mu-
crone, glabrous ; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments small,
ovate. Ij . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo, among bushes on
the mountains, about Cape Francais. Peduncles sometimes
bifid. Flowers small, white. Tube of corolla 5-furrowed ;
segments narrow. Follicles agglutinate at the apex.
Agslutinate-io\Yic\tA Echites. Shrub tw.
36 E. ? Catesb«'i ; leaves oblong, spiny, stiff, almost vein-
less, often involute ; racemes 6-8-flowered, terminal and axil-
lary ; segments of the corolla trimcate; follicles contiguous at
the apex. Tj . '^. F. Native of Carolina. Vinca lutea, Lin.
amoen. 4. p. 307. spec. 305. — Catesb. car. 2. p. 53. t. 53. Fol-
licles 8-10 inches long. Seeds pappose. Flowers yellow,
double. ? Perhaps a species of Forsterbnia.
Cateshy's Echites. Shrub tw.
■j- Species natives of America, hardly known ; the greater
number of which probably do not belong lo the genus.
37 E. ? SYPHILITICA (Lin. suppl. 167.) leaves ovate, acute,
quite glabrous, ribbed ; peduncles axillary, divided into two
branches, and these branches again divided into 2 spikes,
which are closely beset with flowers. 1^ . S. Native of Suri-
nam. A lactescent tree. Leaves large. Corollas large, white ;
limb large, flat. Stigma of Vinca. Follicles twin, divaricate.
A decoction of the leaves is noted, in Surinam, in the cure of
svphilis. Perhaps a species of Tabernemontana.
Syphilitic Echites. Tree.
38 E. subspica'ta (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 18.) leaves ob-
long, attenuated, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous ; pedun-
cles racemose ; pedicels very short ; calycine segments lanceo-
late. Ij . '^. S. Native of South America. Shrub glabrous in
every part. Leaves 4-5 inches long, shining above, purplish on
the rib beneath. Petioles rather villous above. Bracteas
linear-lanceolate. Perhaps a species oi Parsonsia.
Subspicate-^oweved Echites. Shrub tw.
39 E. rubricau'lis (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 535.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, nerved beneath, and rather downy ; flowers lateral,
almost solitary ; stem red. '?.'"'. S. Native of Guiana.
Leaves glabrous, and almost shining above. Flowers hardly
pedunculate.
Red-stemmed YicXntes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
40 E. ovalifolia (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 535.) leaves oval, blunt
at both ends, downy beneath ; follicles very hairy ; peduncles
racemose, longer than the leaves ; branches and peduncles pilose,
f; . '~'. S. Native of St. Domingo. Branches stiff, brownish.
Leaves an inch and more long. Bracteas subulate. Follicles
slender, arched.
Oval-leaved Echites. Shrub tw.
41 E. glomera'ta (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 536.) leaves membra-
nous, ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers in axillary, nearly
globose fascicles, almost sessile ; stems scandent. Jj . ^. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers
middle-sized. Bracteas lanceolate.
Glomerate-Aovieredi Echites. Shrub cl.
42 E. ? panicula'ta (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 536.) leaves oval-
lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles lateral, spicate ; pe-
dicels cymosely umbellate. Ij . '^. S. Native of South
America. Pedicels downy. Perhaps a species of Parsonsia.
Panicled-^owereA Echites. Shrub tw.
43 E. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 537.) leaves very
narrow, acute ; flowers axillary, usually solitary ; follicles slen-
der, somewhat tomentose. T? . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo.
Habit of a species of Ceropegia. Leaves 3 inches long, hardly
petiolate, glabrous, with 3 longitudinal nerves, 2 of which are
almost marginal. Follicles 6-8 inches long.
Narrow-leaved Echites. Shrub tw.
44 E. DiFFORMis (Walt. fl. car. p. 98. Pursh. fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 178.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at the base : lower ones
linear ; flowers in fasciculate-corymbs, fj . '^. F. Native of
Lower Carolina, in woods. Leaves rather downy beneath.
Flowers small, yellowish.
Two-formed-\e?ivedi Echites. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1806. Sh. tw.
45 E. ptiNCTicuLosA (Richard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107.)
12
APOCYNE.E. I. EcHiTES.
75
branches rather scabrous from prominent dots ; leaves ovate,
witli an obtuse acumen, very veiny beneath ; corymbs com-
pound. I; . '~^. S. Native of" South America.
Dutted-hranched Echites. Siirub t\v.
46 E. RUGULosA (Ricliard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107.)
leaves ovate, acutely acuminated, sub-emarginate at the base,
wrinkled, with revolute edges : having the nerves above roughish
from minute down ; stem slender, roughish. Ij . '^. S. Native
of Cayenne.
Wrinkled Echites. Shrub tw.
47 E. GALEGiFORMis (Rudolph. ex Ledeb. pi. st. doming, no.
6.) peduncles many-flowered; leaves oblong, obtuse. Ij . '^. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Very like E. tomcntosa, but differs in
the leaves being obtuse and the flowers rose-coloured.
Galega-formcd Echites. Shrub tw.
48 E. ? SEMiDiGYNA (Berg. act. vlissing. 3. p. 383. icone.)
leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends. fj . '^. S Na-
tive of South America.? Gmel. syst. p. 436. Peduncles oppo-
sitely racemose.
Semidigynoiis Echites. Shrub tw.
■f f East Indian species, hardly known, with small flowers. The
species here enumerated wdl prohahly form a distinct genus.
49 E.? GLANDULiFERA (Wall. cat. no. 1659.) leaves oblong,
coriaceous, glabrous, tapering to the base, and acuminated at
the apex, on very short petioles ; panicles terminal and axillary,
composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers crowded, corym-
bose ; calyx and pedicels downy ; follicles narrow, torulose.
h . '^. S. Native of the Burmese empire, at Amherst. E.
monilifera. Wall. cat. 1659., a native of Singapore, hardly seems
to differ, unless in the more ovate leaves. Flowers small, white.
Gland-bearing Echites. Shrub tw.
50 E. ? micra'ntha (Wall. cat. no. 1667.) leaves oblong or
ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary and ter-
minal, divaricate, composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers
crowded, corymbose, downy. 1; . '^. S. Native of Silhet. E.
brachiata, Wall. cat. no. 16G8. is the same. Flowers very small.
Follicles probably torulose, like the last species.
Small-flowered Echites. Shrub tw,
51 E. ? Lu'ciDA (Wall. cat. no. 1670.) leaves elliptic, obtuse
at both ends, short-acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ;
panicles terminal and axillary, composed of trichotomous pe-
duncles; flowers corymbose, downy ; bracteas linear; follicles
woody, ovate, acuminated, or cultriform. H . '^. S. Native of
Penang. Flowers small. E. esculenta. Wall. cat. 1671. from
Amherst does not appear to differ from the present species, but
as there are no flowers on the specimens of that plant examined
by us, its affinity cannot be ascertained.
Shining-XeavcA. Echites. Sluub tw.
52 E. ? panicula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 17.) leaves broad-
lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; panicles axillary and terminal,
trichotomous throughout : the extreme divisions 3-flowered ;
follicles sub-clavate, few-seeded; hypogynous scales combined
into a cup-shaped 5-toothed urceolus. I7 . ,^. S. Native of
.Silhet. Leaves 8 inches long and li to 3 broad. Bracteas oval.
Flowers very small, pale yellow. Corolla with a short gibbous
tube ; and woolly, edged, falcate segments.
Paniclcd-RowereA Echites. Shrub cl.
53 E.? parviflora (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 20.) leaves lanceolate ;
panicles terminal and axillary, brachiate ; tube of corolla gib-
bous towards the base ; segments of the limb linear, falcate.
H . ^. S. Native of the northern Cirears, and Silhet. E.
macrocarpa. Wall. cat. no. 1663. Hypogynous scales combined
into an entire ring. Follicles large, ovate, acuminated. E.
polxantha. Wall. cat. no. 1664., a native of Chapedong, and
Amherst, hardly differs, except in the more coriaceous leaves.
Small-flowered Echites. Shrub tw.
54 E.? ELLiPTicA (Wall, cat.no. 1666.) leaves elliptic, or obo-
vate-elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, trichotomous, corymbose, spreading; corolla salver-
shaped, with obtuse segments. ^J ■ '"'• S. Native of Silhet.
Echites verticallis, Hamilt. mss. Very nearly allied to the
preceding.
E lliptic-]ea.ved Echites. Shrub tw.
■)- -f- -j- American species, hardly known.
55 E. mvrtifolia (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
34. p. 795.) peduncles 1-flowered ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
mucronate, shining. I; . ^. S. Native of Cuba, about the
Havanna. This is not to be confounded with Parsonsia myrti-
folia, Roem. et Schultes, vol. 5.
Myrtle-leaved Echites. Shrub tw.
56 E. gemina'ta (Willd. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutish ; pe-
duncles twin, 1-flowered. I7 . ^. S. Native of Brazil.
Tn'in-Y>edunc\eA Echites. Shrub tw.
57 E. lu'cida (Willd. 1. c.) peduncles 1-flowered, elon-
gated ; leaves elliptic-oblong, subcordate, obtuse, shining above.
^ . '^. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco.
Shining Echites. Shrub tw.
58 E. cane'scens (Willd. 1. c.) peduncles 3-flowered, axil-
lary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, tomentose beneath. Pj . '^. S.
Native of South America.
Canescent Echites. Shrub tw.
59 E. verrucosa (Willd. 1. c.) corymbs axillary; leaves ob-
long, acuminated ; branches warted. Ij . '~^. S. Native of
Brazil.
Warted Echites. Shrub tw.
60 E. HispiDA (Willd. 1. c.) racemes axillary ; corollas hispid
outside ; leaves oblong-cordate, acuminated, hispid. Ij . '^. S.
Native of Brazil.
Hispid Echites. Shrub tw.
61 E. sca'bra (Willd. I. c.) racemes axillary ; leaves oblong,
acuminated, cordate, scabrous. 1; . '^. S. Native of Brazil.
Scabrous Echites. Shrub tw.
62 E. GLAu'cA (Willd. I.e.) racemes terminal; leaves elliptic,
acuminated, glaucous beneath, 'j ■ ^- S. Native of Brazil.
Corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube thickened at top, and
with the throat hardly pervious. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous.
Perhaps a distinct genus.
Glaucous Echites. Shrub tw.
63 E. macra'ntha (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 795.) co-
rymbs axillary ; leaves oblong, acute, glabrous, shining. Ij .
'^. S. Native of Brazil. E. grandiflora, Willd. herb, but not
of others.
Large-flowered Echites. Shrub tw.
64 E. pube'scens (Willd. herb, ex RcEm. et Schultes. syst. 4.
p. 796.) flowers sub-umbellate, axillary ; leaves elliptic-ovate,
cordate, acuminated, downy beneath. ^ • ^. S. Native of
South America.
Downy Echites. .Shrub tw.
65 E. NODOSA (Willd. I. c.) racemes axillary; leaves lanceo-
late, acuminated ; branches nodose. I; . '^. S. Native of South
America.
Knotted-hranched Echites. Shrub tw.
66 E. mucrona'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 769.) leaves
lanceolate, cordate, acuminated, mucronate, downy beneath ;
racemes axillary. Ij . '^. S. Native of South America. E.
acuminata, Willd. herb.
Mucrotiate-\esived Echites. Shrub tw.
67 E. Frase'ri (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves crowded,
linear, ciliated with pili, acute ; panicle terminal, naked, fj . ^. F.
Native of Carolina.
76
APOCYNEiE. II. ClIONEMORPHA.
Eraser's Echites. Shrub tvv.
Cuit. All the true species of this genus bear large, elegant,
white or yellow flowers. They grow freely in a mixture of loam,
sand, and peat ; and cuttings strike root readily under a hand-
glass, if planted in sand.
II. CHONEMORPHA (x^*'';. (-fione, a funnel, and iiop(l»h
morpltc, form ; form of corolla). Echites species, Wall. Roth.
Roxb., &'c.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a naked throat, and a twisted limb ;
segments of corolla equal-sided ?. Stamens inclosed ; anthers
sagittate or lanceolate, adhering to the stigma. Ovarium didy-
mous. Style filiform ; stigma somewhat conical, emarginate at
apex. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or connate. Follicles
distinct, slender. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs at the
upper extremity. — Erect or twining shrubs, natives of Asia, with
opposite leaves ; and interpetiolar glandular ciliae ?. Peduncles
interpetiolar, corymbose. Flowers showy, white or yellow.
* Erect shrubs.
1 C. crista'ta ; stems erect ; leaves oval, mucronate, tomen-
tose beneath, with horizontal ribs ; corymbs axillary, dichoto-
mous, divaricate, on short peduncles. f^ • ^- Native of the
East Indies. Echites cristata, Roth. nov. spec. Bracteas mi-
nute, tooth-formed.
Crested Chonemorpha. Shrub.
2 C. DicHOTOMA ; stems erect, dichotomous ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, downy beneath, when young clothed with silky
tomentum ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous, on short peduncles,
erect. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites dichotoma.
Roth, nov. spec. Echites Heynii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 632.
Leaves a hand long, downy on the veins and nerves above. The
flowers are said to be salver-shaped, but are probably funnel-
shaped, very like those of Jasm'mum odoratlssimum , but a little
larger, with the tube downy.
Dichotomous Chonemorpha. Shrub.
3 C. GRANDiFLORA ; Stem erect ; leaves oval, acuminated,
glabrous above, and rather tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal,
by threes ; peduncles as well as the calyxes downy ; corolla
glabrous. V; . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites gran-
diflora. Roth, nov. spec, but not of Meyer. Echites macrantha,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 63^. Ribs of leaves almost horizontal,
bifid at top. Flowers showy, size of those of Oleander. Seg-
ments of corolla ovate, mucronate.
Great-Jiowered Chonemorpha. Siirub.
4 C. VESTiTA ; stem erect, downy ; leaves oval-lanceolate,
downy above and tomentose beneath ; corymbs axillary, almost
sessile, dichotomous, somewhat divaricate ; corolla downy. Pj . S.
Native of the East Indies. Echites vestita, Room, et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 394. E. tomentosa, Roth, nov. spec. Bracteas lan-
ceolate, concave. The corolla is said to be salver-shaped, but
is probably funnel-shaped, like the rest. Perhaps a species of
Aganosma.
C/o</icc/ Chonemorpha. Shrub.
5 C. antidysente'rica ; stem erect ? angular ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, with obsoletely crenulated edges, glabrous on both
surfaces ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous ; calyx and corolla
downy. T; . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites antidys-
enterica. Roth. nov. spec. Bracteas linear, downy. The corolla
is said to be salver-shaped, but is probably funnel-shaped.
Antidysenteric Chonemorpha. Shrub.
* * Twining shrubs.
6 C. reticula'ta ; stem twining, angular, roughish; leaves
oval, mucronate, glabrous on both surfaces, reticulately veined ;
corymbs axillary, peduncidate ; bracteas imbricate. Tj . '^. S.
Native of the East Indies. Echites reticulata. Roth. nov. spec.
I'ar. ft, tomentosa (Roth. \. c.) leaves tomentose on the ribs
and veins, especially beneath.
ReticiiliitedAeaved Chonemorpha. Shrub tw.
7 C. ? JMalaba'rica ; stem scandent; leaves ovate, acumin-
ated ; flowers disposed in axillary cymose racemes, villous.
^ . ^. S. Native of Malabar. Echites Malabarica, Lam. diet.
2. p. 3i3. — Pal-valli. Rheede, mal. 9. t. 12. Stem slender,
kneed. Flowers light green, reddish outside, with a whitish
neck. Follicles stiff, narrow, rather flattened.
Malabar Chonemorpha. Shrub cl.
8 C. MACROPHYLLA ; Stems twining ; leaves large, roundish,
acuminated, downy beneath ; cymes terminal. Ij . ^. S. Na-
tive of Silhet. Echites grandis. Wall. cat. no. 1658. Echites
macrophylla, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 13. Leaves from oval to
roundish, 10-12 inches long, and 7-10 broad. Flowers very
large, white. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Filaments hairy.
Follicles pendulous, about a foot long. Seeds spatulate. Em-
bryo inverted. Habit of Beaumontia grandijihra.
Large-leaved Chonemorpha. Shrub cl.
9 C. DENsiFLORA (Blum. bijdr. p. 104. under Echites^ leaves
on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; co-
rymbs axillary and terminal, fastigiate, subumbellate, many-
flowered ; corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube angular at
bottom. Pj . >^. S. Native of Java, about Kuripan, where it
is called Tjunkankan. Flowers white. Hypogynous scales
acute, distinct. Stamens inclosed.
Dense-flowered C\\or\emar\>\\d.. Fl. March. Shrub cl.
10 C. Bantame'nsis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1040. under Echites)
leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rather attenuated at the
base, glabrous, reticulately veined beneath, tomentose on the
midrib and veins beneath, as well as on the petioles and branch-
lets ; corymbs axillary and terminal, trichotomous, on long
peduncles ; corolla funnel-shaped, hairy. P; . ,_^. S. Native of
Java, among bushes, in the province of Bantam. E. ferruginea,
Horsfield, in Roem. Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Hypogynous
scales acuminated, distinct. Stamens inclosed.
£«n7rtm Chonemorpha. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl.
lie. coria'cea (Blum, bijdr. p. 1039. under Echites) leaves
lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary or terminal,
bifid or trifid ; pedicels usually 3 together ; corolla funnel-
shaped, hairy inside. I; . ,_^. S. Native of Java, in mountain
woods, where it is called Ojot-ljum-pol-kikis. Flowers small,
yellowish. Stamens inclosed. Hypogynous scales connate.
Coriaceous-XevLveA Chonemorpha. El. year. Shrub cl.
12 C. infla'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1039. under Echites) leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous,
full of parallel reticulated veins ; corymbs axillary and terminal,
bifid or trifid ; pedicels 3 together ; corolla funnel-shaped :
having the tube widened and 5-angled downwards. I^ . ^. S.
Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Tjerimai. Flowers white,
but the throat is yellow. Hypogynous scales roundish, distinct.
Nearly allied to E. reticulata, Roth., from which it differs
in the anthers being inclosed, and in the tube of the corolla
being 5-angled above.
hflated-Ronered Chonemorpha. Fl. August. Shrub cl.
13 C? coNVOLvuLoiDES ; leaves sagittately cordate, acumin-
ated, glabrous, on long petioles ; racemes terminal and axillary,
4-5-flowered, on short angular, thick peduncles ; tube of corolla
very long. fj . ^. S. Native of Africa, in the island of St.
Thomas, on the baiiks of rivers. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
a naked throat, while. Anthers conniving into a cone. Lobes
at base of leaves distant. Follicles long.
Convolvulus-like Chonemorpha. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Echites above for culture and propagation.
APOCYNEjE. III. Aganosma. IV. Beaumontia. V. Pachypodium.
77
III. AGANO'SMA (from ayai'»;c, aganes, mild, and oafir],
oime, a smell ; scent of flowers). Echites, sect. 2. Aganosma,
Blum, bijdr. p. 1040. Echites species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx large, 5-parted,
equal in length to the tube of the corolla, spreading. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with an oblique 5-parted limb, and the tube gib-
bous at the base. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering
with the stigma. Ovarium didymous, inclosed by 5 long
combined hypogynous scales. Style thick ; stigma conical,
angular at the base, mucronate at top or bidentate. Follicles
cylindrical, divaricate. Seeds large. — Showy Asiatic shrubs,
with opposite leaves and terminal corymbs of flowers. Bracteas
deciduous, at the base of the pedicels and calyxes.
1 A. CARYOPHYLLA TA ; leaves oval, acutish at both ends,
tomentose beneath as well as the branches ; corymbs terminal.
h . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites caryophyllata, Blum.
bijdr. p. 1041. — Rheed. mal. 7. t. 103. t. 55. Flowers pale
yellow, tinged with red, very sweet scented.
Clove-scented Aganosmti. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw.
2 A. Roxbu'rgiiii ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated : having
the petioles and veins red, glabrous, pale beneath and shining
above : with the principal nerves running from the base to the
apex of the leaves ; corymbs terminal ; segments of corolla tri-
angular. I^ . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, in mountainous
tracks only. Echites caryophyllata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 11.
Sims, hot. mag. 1919. but not of Blume. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 135.
Perhaps Echites costatci, Willd. is the same. Flowers large,
pure white, delightfully fragrant. Nectary tubular, 5-toothed.
Calyx and corolla hoary outside.
Roxburgh's Aganoimdi. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw.
3 A. CYMosA ; hairy ; leaves elliptic, acuminated ; cymes
terminal, shorter than the leaves ; segments of corolla oblique,
ensiform ; nectary cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Ij . S. Native of
Silhet. Echites cymosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 16. Echites con-
ferla. Wall. cat. no. 1655. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Flowers
small, dull white, fragrant. Calyx and corolla hoary outside.
C^moit'-flowered Aganosma. Shrub.
4 A. Wallichii; leaves elliptic-acuminated, shining above,
and pale beneath, glabrous ; veins parallel ; corymbs terminal ;
nectary tubular, 5-toothed. H . S. Native of the East Indies.
Echites calycina. Wall. cat. no. 1653. Calyx and corolla downy
outside. This species differs from A. Roxhurghii in the veins
of the leaves being parallel, not longitudinal, from the base to
the apex. Flowers white, fragrant.
Wallich's Aganosma. Shrub tw.
5 A. e'legans ; leaves elliptic, short-acuminaled, glabrous ;
corymbs terminal, crowded ; cah cine segments lanceolate, linear,
longer than the tube of the corolla. I; . '^. S. Native of the
East Indies. Echites elegans, Wall. cat. no. 1656. Echites
bracteata, Herb. Heyne. Flowers small, apparently purple,
being black in the dried state. Corolla downy outside, as well
as the calyxes, bracteas, and pedicels.
Elegant Aganosma. Shrub tw.
6 A. acumina'ta ; leaves from oblong to broad-lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary, longer than the leaves,
trichotomous, diffuse; segments of corolla linear, falcate, curled.
>j . '^. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Pingoree and
Bcngeree. Echites acuminata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 15. Leaves
2-4 inches long. Panicles and bracteas smooth. Flowers
large, uhite, fragrant. Calyx length of the tube of the corolla,
smooth. Nectary cup-shaped, obscurely o-toothed. Follicles
very long, slender.
Acuminatcd-\e?iveA Aganosma. Shrub cl.
7 A. marginalia ; leaves lanceolate, smooth : having the tops
of the veins forming a waved line within the margin of the leaf;
panicles terminal, lax, corymbose, at first sub-trichotomous, and
then dichotomous, glabrous; segments of corolla linear, falcate;
nectary annular. >> . ^. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called
Dood-luta. Echites margin^ta, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 16. Flowers
numerous, large, white, fragrant.
Marginate Aganosma. Shrub cl.
■f A species hardly known.
8 A. AFFiNis ; erect, tomentose ; leaves oval, mucronate ;
corymbs terminal ; segments of calyx equal in length to the
limb of the corolla. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites
caryophyllata, Roth. nov. spec. E. affinis, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 393. Leaves densely clothed with soft down above,
and grey tomentum beneath. Corolla with a glabrous tube,
which is said to be twice as long as the calyx, in the description
by Roth ; it is consequently not a true species oi Aganosma.
Allied Aganosma. Shrub erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
IV. BEAUMO'NTIA (named in compliment to the late
Mrs. Beaumont, of Bretton Hall, Yorkshire). Wall. tent. fl.
nep. p. 14. t. 7. Bot. reg. 911. Echites species, Roxb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, folia-
ceous, unequal, erect segments. Corolla with a short tube
and a large campantilate 5-lobed limb ; lobes erect, ovate,
acute ; throat destitute of scales. Stamens 5, inserted in the
throat of the tube, exserted ; anthers sagittate, beardless, co-
hering to the stigma : hind lobes without pollen ; filaments free.
Style twisted. Ovarium 2-celled, surrounded by a hypogy-
nous 5-lobed ring. Stigma oblong, with a bifid point. Follicles
2, large, combined, but at length separating. Seeds furnished
with a tuft of hairs at the umbilical end. — Large twining shrubs,
with permanent opposite leaves : having the axillary and inter-
petiolar cilia subulate and sphaceolafe. Corymbs axillary and
terminal, many-flowered. This genus agrees wtth Lyonsia on
one hand and Parsonsia on the other.
1 B. GRANDiFLORA (Wall. 1. c.)leaves broad, oblong-obovate ;
with a little point, tapering towards the base, smooth and shining
above, but rather downy beneath ; calyx downy. h . '~^. S.
Native of Chittagong and Silhet. Echites grandiflora, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 14. Corolla large, white, greenish outside near the
base, and dark throat. Young leaves and branches rusty.
Great-floneredBe&wmoxW.xn. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw.
2 B. LONGiFOLiA (Lodd. bot. cab. p. 6. for 1830.) nothing
more than the name is known of this species. Tj . ^. S. Na-
tive of the East Indies.
io«g'-/eaied Beaumontia. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation.
V. PACHYPO^DIUM (from iraxvc, pachys, thick, and ttowc
TTo^oe, poHi podos, a foot ; in reference to the thick fleshy roots).
Lindl. bot. reg. 1321. — Echites species, Thunb. and Haw.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped ; with a somewhat curved pentagonal tube ; throat
and tube scaleless ; segments of the limb obtuse, equal. Sta-
mens inserted in the middle of the tube ; anthers sagittate, sub-
sessile. Ovaria 2. Styles 2. Hypogynous scales none. Follicles
twin, ovate. — Fleshy, lactescent, spiny shrubs, with the habit
of some species of Euphorbia. Spines 2-3-lobed, iufra-petiolar.
Leaves scattered. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or ag-
gregate. Peduncles 1 -flowered.
1 P. gla'brum ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-lanceo-
late, glabrous. I^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
in arid places. Echites bispinosa, Thunb. prod. 37. nov. act.
petrop. 14. p. 505. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 69. Lin.
suppl. p. 167. Prickles connate. Leaves acute, paler beneath,
hardly an inch long. Corolla with a somewhat curved, greenish
rufescent tube, bearded with white hairs, and an inflated cam-
panulate limb, which is reddish outside, and purplish inside at
the base; segments ovate, obtuse, white.
78
APOCYNEiE. V. Pachypodium. VI. Ichnocarpus. VII. Holarrhena. VIII. Isokema. IX. Vallaris.
G/rtiroMi Pachypodium. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795. SIi. 1 ft.
2 P. tomentosum; leaves linear or lanceolate, totnentose be-
neath ; glabrous above. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, in arid places. Echiles succulenta, Thunb. prod. 37.
nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 505. t. 9. f. 2. Lin. suppl. 167.
Prickles filiform, setaceous. Leaves green above, but clothed
with fine villi beneath, about an inch long. Corollas rufescent.
Follicles ovate, acute.
rome^^oic Pachypodium. Fl.Jul. Nov. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft.
3 P. tuberosum (Lindl. hot. reg. 1321.) stem tuberous at
the base ; leaves oblong, tomentose beneath, glabrous above.
^2 • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in barren plains.
Echites tuberosa, Haw. syn. pi. succ. p. 6. ? Lodd. bot. cab.
1G76. Prickles straight, subulate. Corolla red outside, and
whitish on the upper surface of the limb, tinged with red.
Ttiberous-rooted Pachypodium. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1813.
Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. These are very pretty succulent shrubs. A mixture
of lime-rubbish, sand, and loam is the best soil for them : and
cuttings will strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass.
The plants should not get too much water, when not in a grow-
ing state.
VI. ICHNOCA'RPUS (lx^oc, ichnos, a vestige, and capTroc,
karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the slender follicles). R. Br. in
mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 62. — Apocynum frutescens, Lin.
LiN. sYST. Penlaridria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
salver-shaped ; segments of the limb dimidiate, twisted, Iiairy ;
throat and tube without any scales. Stamens inclosed ; anthers
sagittate, free from the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style 1, fili-
form ; stigma ovale, acute. Hypogynous threads 5, capitate,
alternating with the stamens. Follicles slender.- — Climbing
shrubs, with opposite leaves ; branched, terminal panicles of
small, white, inodorous flowers.
1 I. frute'scens (R. Br. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. G9.)
stem twining ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends,
glabrous ; peduncles axillary, very long, racemose ; pedicels
fascicled; follicles variable. Jj.'^. S. Native of Ceylon, Sirmore,
Silhet, Nipaul, and Kamaon. Apocynum frutescens, Lin. fl.
zeyl. 114. spec. p. 312. Pers. syn. exclusive of Quiribelia,
Lam. Lyama, Roxb. in asiat. res. 4. p. 261.^ — Burm. fl. zeyl.
p. 23. t. 12. f. 1. Echites frutescens, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 12.
Leaves variable in shape, deep green above and pale beneath.
Flowers small, purple. I. radicans. Wall. cat. hardlv appears
to be distinct. The Quiribelia Zeylanica, Lam. et Poir. diet.
6. p. 42., considered by them as Linneus's Apocynumfriitescens,
must, from the description, be widely different, and perhaps
does not belong to the same natural order.
;S'/(»-!/iij/ Ichnocarpus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. tw.
2 I. era'grans (Wall. cat. no. 1676.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, or oblong, acuminated, tapering to both ends, glabrous ;
peduncles axillary, tricliotomous, spreading ; segments of the
corolla long. I? . '^. S. Native of Nipaul. Flowers large.
Follicles long, slender, terete.
Fragrant Ichnocarpus. Shrub tw.
3 1.? Afzelii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 399.) stems
twining ; lower leaves oval, acute ; superior ones oblong or
lanceolate ; segments of corolla obtuse ; throat nearly naked.
>■ . '^. S. Native of Sierra Leone, and about the river Bascha,
and along the sea shore on the coast of Lower Guinea, in woods
and among bushes. Apocynum frutescens, Afz. rem. guin. 4.
p. 28. Shrub glabrous. Peduncles terminal, 2-flowered ;
Pedicels drooping. Corollas white, sweet-scented. Follicles
combined at the base.
AJ'zclius's Ichnocarpus. SIrub tw.
4 I. LouRtiRii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 635.) stem frutoscent,
erectish ; leaves ovate-oblong ; peduncles lateral, usually 3-
flowered. ^ • v^- S. Native of Zanzebar. Apocynum Afri-
c&num, Lour. coch. 168. Branches scandent. Leaves small,
glabrous. Flowers pale. Corolla campanulate, reflexed. Hy-
pogynous scales subulate, alternating with 5 coloured 'glands.
Stigma acute, bifid. Follicles conical.
Loureiro's Ichnocarpus. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation.
VII. HOLARRHE'NA (oXoc, olos,entue,aT\A npf>r)i, arrhen,
a male ; in reference to the entire anthers). It. Br. in wern.
soc. mem. 1. p. 62. — Carissa, spec. Vahl.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg-
ments subulate. Corolla salver-shaped, with equal-sided seg-
ments, and a scaleless throat and tube. Stamens inclosed,
inserted in the bottom of the tube ; anthers free from the stigma,
lanceolate, entire, bearing the pollen longitudinally. Ovaria
twin. Style very short ; Stigma cylindrical. Hypogynous
scales wanting. Follicles slender. — Erect glabrous shrubs.
Leaves membranous. Cymes terminal and lateral.
1 H. MiTis (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, attenuated. 1; . S.
Native of the East Indies. Carissa mitis, Vahl, symb. 3. p.
44. t. 59. Leaves 2-3 inches long, shining, purplish beneath.
Mild Holarrhena. Shrub.
2 H. ? CoDA^GA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, with oblique pa-
rallel nerves ; peduncles terminal ; segments of corolla oblong,
oblique. )j. S. Native of Malabar. Codaga-Pala, Rheed.
mal. 1. p. 85. t. 47. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Follicles
a span long.
Codaga Holarrhena. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 H. pube'scens (Wall. cat. no. 1673.) leaves ovate-oblong
or elliptic-oblong, short-acuminated, downy beneath and on the
upper surface while young, as well as the branches, peduncles,
and calyxes ; corymbs terminal. '; . S. Native of Nipaul,
Kamaon, Martaban, and Tavoy. Echites pubescens, Hamilt.
mss. Hardly distinct from Echites aniidysenterica, Roxb. ;
a native of Silhet and Nipaul, the H. aniidysenterica, Wall. cat.
no. 1672.
Downy Holarrhena. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echiles, p. 76.
VIII. ISONE'MA (from «roc, isos, equal, and i'r)fia, nema,
a filament). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 63.
Lin. syst. Pent&ndiia, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped :
limb S-parted ; throat and tube without scales. Stamens ex-
serted. Filaments inserted in the throat, simple at apex.
Anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ova-
ria twin. Style 1, filiform ; stigma thick, obtuse. Hypogynous
scales wanting. Follicles unknown. — An erect hairy shrub,
with opposite leaves. Panicles terminal, brachiate ; flowers
corymbose. Segments of calyx furnished with a double scale
inside at base. Corolla half an inch long ; with a cylindrical
tube, which is bearded inside in the middle.
1 I. Smeathma'nni (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401.)
Tj . S. Native of tropical Africa, on the west coast.
Smeathmann s Isonema. Shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
IX. VALL.VRIS (from vallo, to inclose; used for fences in
Java.) Burm. ind. p. 5 1 . R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 63.
Blum, bijdr. p. 1042. — Emericia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 401. — Pegularia species, Lin. — Peltanthera, Roth.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla salver-shaped ; with a 5-clett obtuse limb ; and a scaleless
throat and tube. Stamens exserted ; filaments inserted in the
throat, very short, furnished with a fleshy swelling outside at
the apex ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the
stigma. Ovarium 2-celled. Style filiform ; stigma ovate-
conical, furnished with a pearl-like gland on the back. Hypo-
APOCYNEiE. IX. Vallaris. X. Heylygia. XI. Parsonsia.
r9
gynous scales 5, connate at tlic base and ciliated at the apex. —
Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Peduncles interpetiolar, or
terminal. Flowers corymbose, sweet-scented. Corymbs tri-
chotomous.
1 V. Pergula'na (Burm. ind. p. 51.) leaves ovate-elliptic,
acute, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, trichotomous, downy ; seg-
ment of corolla roundish. Ij . '^. S. Native of the East Indies.
PergLilaria glabra, Lin. mant. p. 53. Willd. .spec. 1. p. 1247.
Houtt. Lin. pfl. syst. 3. p. 335. t. 20. f. 1. Echites hircosa,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 18. Flos Pergulanus, Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 51. t. 29, Emericia Pergularia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
)). 401. Flowers large, pure white, with a goatish smell. Ca-
lycine segments lanceolate, acute.
Pcrgulanay Mavis. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub tw.
2 V. laxiflora (Blum bijdr. p. 1043.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs axillary and terminal, tricho-
tomous, on long peduncles, glabrous. H . '^. S. Native of
Java, in shady mountain woods, in the province of Buitenzorg.
Loose-Jlotvercd Vallaris. Shrub tw.
3 V. DicHoTOMA (Wall. cat. no. 1G21.) leaves lanceolate-
oblong, glabrous ; racemes axillary, dichotomous ; segments of
corolla roundish ; filaments bearded and woolly. Ij . '^. S.
Native of Bengal, in forests near Calcutta. Echites dichotoma,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 19. Leaves on very short petioles, 3 inches
long. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant. Calycine segments
cordate, pointed. Follicles oblong, large, 6 inches long.
Z)ic/io<omoi«-racemed Vallaris. Shrub tw.
4 V. ? clava'ta ; dichotomous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, en-
tire, villous beneath ; panicles axillary dichotomous ; tube of
corolla clavate ; with the segments of the border falcate; anthers
linear, inclosed. t^ . '"'. S. Native of the Moluccas. Echites
clavata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 20. This comes nearest to V.
dichotoma, but differs sufficiently in the length of the tube, the
segments of the border, and the stamina, to authorize its being
considered as a distinct species. (Roxb.)
C/ffi'a7e-tubed Vallaris. Shrub tw.
■\ The seeds of the two following species being naked, they
probably belong to the genus Strophdnthus, or will form a nearly
allied genus.
5 V. ? divarica'ta ; stems nearly erect ; leaves broad-lan-
ceolate, glabrous, undulated; peduncles 2-flovvered, divaricate,
terminal. ^ . G. Native of China. Pergularia divaricata,
Lour. coch. p. 168. Periploca divaricata, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 836. Emericia divaricata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401,
Flowers yellow, suffused with red. Segments of calyx subulate.
Corolla with a thick tube, and very long subulate segments.
Scales 5, sagittate, seated in the mouili of the tube of the corolla.
Ovarium ovate, 2-lobe!l. Style filiform, length of stamens ;
stigma acute, erect, bifid. Follicles 2, oblong, many-seeded.
Seeds longish, naked. Perhaps a species of Strophdnthus, or a
new genus nearly allied to it.
Divaricate Vallaris. Shrub erectish.
6 v.? Sine'nsis ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous ; pe-
duncles many-flowered, axillary, and terminal. ^ . '^. G.
Native of China. Pergularia Sinensis, Lour. p. 168. Emeri-
cia Sinensis, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 402. Periploca Chi-
nensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 836. Corollas yellow; with long,
linear segments. Scales 5, sagittate, seated in the mouth of
the corolla. Style filiform ; stigma conical, 5-furrowed. Fol-
licles oblong, many-seeded. Seeds naked, ovate. Perhaps a
species of Strophdnthus.
China Vallaris. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
X. HEYLY'GIA (meaning not explained by the author).
Blum, bijdr. p. 1043.
LiN. SYST. Pcnldndria, Monogynia. Calyx quinquefid.
Corolla rotate, with a short, ventricose tube, and oblique seg-
ments. Stamens exserted ; filaments inserted in the tube of the
corolla, surrounding the style in a spiral manner. Anthers
sagittate, cohering to the stigma. Stigma clavate. Ovarium
didymous, girded by 5 hypogynous scales. .Seeds with a tuft
of hairs at the upper extremity. — A twining shrub ; with oppo-
site, ovate-elliptic, glabrous leaves ; and axillary, dichotomous,
corymbs of flowers.
1 H. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p, 1043.). Yi- ^. S. Native
of Java, among bushes on the mountains, where it is called Aroy
Ferrung-utang.
Java Heylygia. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation.
XI. PARSO'NSIA (named in memory of James Parsons,
M.D., author of an unfinished work, named The Microscopical
Theatre of Seeds ; and of a Dissertation on the Analogy be-
tween the Propagation of Animals and that of Vegetables).
R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. p. 64. prod. p. 465. but not of P.
Browne. Echites species, Jacq. et Swartz.
LiN. SYST. Pent/mdria, Monogynia. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
with a 5-parted recurved limb ; segments of the limb equal-
sided ; throat and tube without scales. Stamens exserted ;
filaments filiform, inserted in the middle or nigh the base of the
tube ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma :
having the hind lobes destitute of pollen. Ovaria twin or soli-
tary, 2-celled. Style 1 ; stigma dilated. Hypogynous scales 5,
distinct or connate. Follicles 2, distinct or combined. — Twining
shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers cymose or racemose ; ra-
cemes usually compound, terminal, or interpetiolar.
* Americiinae. Ovaria twin. Follicles distinct. Forstcroniu,
Meyer, ess. 133.
1 P. coRYMBOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) racemes corymbose ; stamens
elongated ; leaves oval-lanceolate, glabrous, h . '^. S. Native
of St. Domingo, in woods. Echites corymbosa, Jacq. amer. 34.
t 30. ed. pict. t. 37. Swartz, obs. p. 105. Forsteronia corym-
bosa, Meyer, ess. 134. Leaves ovate or obovate, 2 inches long.
Flowers small, red. Segments of calyx concave, connivent.
Corymbose-Rowered Parsonsia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub tw.
2 P. floribu'nda (R. Br. 1. c.) racemes compound, corym-
bose ; leaves ovate or elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; branches
erectish. 1j . ^. S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes on the
mountains. Echites floribiinda, Swartz, prod. p. 52. fl. ind.
occ. 1. p. 534. Leaves shining, stiffish. Racemes axillary.
Flowers small, white. CoroUine segments acuminated. Caly-
cine teeth acute.
Bu?idle-flotvered Parsonsia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. tw.
3 P. spica'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes racemose, dense-flowered,
axillary, short, opposite; stamens elongated; leaves nearly
ovate or oblong-acuminated, bifarious, smoothish. ^ . ^. S.
Native of Carthagena, in woods. Echites spic^ta, Jacq. amer.
34. t. 29. ed. pict. t. 36. Forsteronia spicata, Meyer, ess. 135.
Leaves i foot long. Flowers numerous, white, almost sessile.
Calycine segments ovate, concave, white. Segments of corolla
lanceolate, acute.
<S/j(ca<e-flovvered Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
* * Australdsica:. Ovarium 2-celled. Follicles cohering
lengthwise.
4 P. Forste'ri ; cymes axillary, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate,
glabrous. Tj . ^. G. Native of New Zealand. Periploca
capsularis, Forst. prod. no. 126. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1251.
Forster's Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
80
APOCYNE^. XI. Parsonsia. XII. Lyonsia. XIII. Thenardia. XIV. Adenum. XV. Apocynum.
5 P. VELUTiNA (R. Br. prod. p. 466.) cymes pedunculate,
opposite; leaves cordate, ovate, acute or acuminated, downy,
?j . '^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Echites
velutina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 034.
Velvety Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
6 P. MOLLIS (R. Br. 1. c.) cymes bifid ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, soft, downy. Tj . '^. S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic. Ecliites mollis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 634.
Soft Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
7 P. lanceola'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) cymes bifid ; leaves lanceo-
late, acuminated, glabrous. fj . '^. S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic. Echites lanceolata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 634.
Xanceo^a/e-leaved Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
§ 3. Asiatlcce. Ovarium Z-celled. Follicles cohering length-
niise? Natives of Asia.
8 P. ova'ta (Wall. cat. no. 1630.) panicle terminal, diffuse;
composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers corymbose ; leaves
on long petioles, ovate- acuminated, somewhat cordate at the
base, glabrous. I; . '^. S. Native of Silhet. Cudicia tricho-
toma, Haniilt herb.
Ovate-\eaved Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
9 P. spira~lis (Wall. cat. no. 1631.) glabrous; peduncles
axillary, dichotomous or trichotomous ; flowers corymbose ;
leaves coriaceous, ovate, acute. Ij . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies. Follicle ovate-lanceolate.
Spiral Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
10 P. oblonga (Wall. cat. no. 1632.) glabrous; peduncles
axillary, trichotomous ; flowers corymbose ; leaves coriaceous,
oblong, acuminated. Ij . '^. S. Native of Rangoon and Moal-
meyne.
Oblong- leaved Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
IIP. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 1041.) leaves ovate or
elliptic-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs
terminal or axillary, trichotomous ; throat of corolla naked ;
branches subsarmentose. I? . '^. S. Native of Java, in moun-
tain woods.
Java Parsonsia. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
12 P. barba'ta (Blum, bijdr. 1042.) leaves on short petioles,
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated or bluntish, gla-
brous, tomentose in the axils of the veins beneath ; corymbs
axillary or terminal, tricliotomous ; throat of corolla bearded ;
branches climbing. Tj . ^. S. Native of Java, among bushes,
at Kuripan, where it is called Tjtmkankan.
fie«j(iecZ-flowered Parsonsia. Fl. May, June. Shrub cl.
•j" A species hardly known.
13 P. myrtifolia (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 403.) leaves
ovate, acute at both ends, glabrous ; flow ers subumbcUate, much
shorter than the leaves. h ■ '^- &• Native of Madagascar.
Echites myrtifolia, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 637. Said by Poiret to
be very nearly allied to P. corymbosa. Flowers terminal. Seg-
ments of the corolla oblong, narrow.
Myrtle-leaved Parsonsia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
XII. LYO'NSIA (in memory of Israel Lyons, author of
Fasciculus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium ; and from
whom Sir Joseph Banks received his earliest instructions in
botany). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 66. prod. p. 466.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Mcnogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
funnel-shaped ; with a 5-parted recurved limb ; segments of the
limb equal-sided, valvate in a-stivation ; throat and tube with-
out scales. Stamens exserted : filaments inserted in the middle
of the tube, filiform ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle
to the stigma ; with the hind lobes destitute of pollen. Ova-
rium 2-celled. Style 1, filiform, dilated at the apex; stigma
somewhat conical. Hypogynous scales connate. Capsule cylin-
drical, 2-celled, with follicle-formed valves, and a free, parallel
dissepiment, which is seminiferous on both sides, and adnata
placentas. — Shrub twining. Leaves opposite. Cymes terminal,
trichotomous. Flowers small, with bearded limbs. Lyonsia
differs principally from Parsonsia in the fruit being a capsule.
1 L. sTRAMiNEA (R. Br. prod. p. 4(J6.). ^2 • ^- G. Native
of New South Wales, and Van Diemen's Land.
/SVrow'-coloured Lyonsia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
XIII. THENA'RDIA (named by Kunth after his friend
L. J. Thenard, who has written on the chemical physiology of
plants). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 209.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla rotate, with a very short tube, and a 5-parted limb ;
segments of the limb equal-sided ; throat naked. Stamens ex-
serted, inserted in the base of the corolla ; anthers sagittate,
adhering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2, girded by
5 hypogynous scales. Style filiform ; stigma pentagonal, ter-
minated by a clavate tubercle. — Shrubs twining. Leaves oppo-
site. Peduncles interpetiolar, somewhat trichotomously branched.
Flowers umbellately crowded on long pedicels, bracteate, with
the appearance of those of Solunum tuberosum. This genus
differs from E xothosthnon in the corolla being rotate.
1 T. floribu'nda (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 210.
t. 240.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous. Tj . '"'. S.
Native near the city of Mexico. Leaves 9,\ to 3 inches long.
Flowers greenish white.
Bundle flowered Thenardia. CIt. 1823. Shrub tw.
2 T. umbellaVa (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 636.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, tomentose beneath ; cymes terminal. Tj . ^. S.
Native of Cayenne. Apocynum umbellatum, Aubl. guian. 1.
p. 275. t. 108. Flowers purplish, on bibracteate pedicels.
Calycine segments oblong, obtuse.
Umbellate-doviereA Thenardia. Slirub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation seeEchites, p. 76.
XIV. ADENUM (Aden is the Arabic name of the tree.)
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. xxxv. and 41 1. — Nerium species,
Forsk.
Lin. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped, downy, furnished with 5 villous lines inside ;
segments of the limb roundish. Filaments short, inserted in
the upper end of the narrower part of the tube; anthers sagittate,
cohering with the stigma, ending in a pilose bristle at the apex,
length of corolla. Ovaria 2, globose. Style length of anthers;
stigma capitate, bidentate at apex, side quinquidentate. Hy-
pogynous scales none. Throat of corolla naked. — A shrub,
with a soft caudex, referrible to a bulb, of the size of a man's
head. Branches thickness of a finger, same substance as the
caudex, attenuated at top ; floriferous branches woody, and full
of cicatrices. Leaves approximate at the tops of the branches,
3 inches long, oblong, narrowed at the base, mucronate, veinless,
villously tomentose beneath, when young soft on both surfaces,
with some rigid bristles in the axils. Corymbs terminal, many-
flowered ; pedicels short, villous. Anthers yellow, with a brown
mark inside.
1 A. obe'sum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 411.) Tj . G.
Native of Arabia Felix, on Mount Melhan. Nerium obesum,
Forsk. descr. p. 205. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 45. Cameraria
obesa, Spreng. 1. p. 641.
Fat Adenium. Shrub.
Cult. See Pachypodium, p. 78., for culture and propagation.
XV. APOCYNUM (anameadoptedby Dioscorides, fromairo,
ajio, from, and kvuv kvvoc, kyon kynos,a. dog ; because it was sup-
APOCYNE/E. XV. Apocynum.
81
posed to kill dogs). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 67. —
Ap6cyniim species, Lin. and Jiiss.
Lin. syst. Pcnlandr'ia, Alonogf/nia. Calyx 5-paited. Co-
rolla campanulate; tube inclosing 5 acute teeth, which are op-
posite the segments of the limb; throat naked. Stamens in-
closed ; anthers sagittate, cohering by the middle to the stigma ;
having the hind lobes without pollen. Ovaria 2. Styles almost
wanting; stigma dilated, conical at top. Hypogynous scales 5.
Follicles slender, distinct. — Perennial erect herbs ; natives of
North America and the south of Europe. Leaves opposite,
membranous. Flowers cymose.
1 A. ANDRos.EMiFOLiujr (Lin. FIG. 12.
spec. 311. R. Br. 1. c.) leaves
ovate, glabrous ; cymes termi-
nal and lateral ; tube of corolla
twice as long as the calyx.
If.. H. Native of Virginia and
Canada. Pursh. fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 179. Lam. ill. t. 176.
f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 280.—
Bocc. sic. 35. t. 16. f. 3.—
Mor. hist. 3. p. 609. sect. 15.
t. 3. f. 16. Leaves pale be-
neath. Corollas pale red, with
darker stripes.
Androscemum-leaved Dogs'-
bane. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1688.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 A. canna'binum (Lin. spec. 311. R. Br. 1. c. p. 68.)
leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous ; cymes panicled ;
calyx equal in length to the tube of the corolla. %. H. Native
of Canada and Virginia, in fields and woods, where it is com-
monly called Indian hemp. Flowers yellowish-green, small.
The Indians prepare the stems of this plant as we do hemp, and
make fishing-nets, twine, bags, &c. of it.
Var. ft ; leaves oblong-oval, clothed with white down be-
neath ; panicles downy. %. V\. A. cannabinum, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 122. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 179. — Pluk.
aim. t. 13. f. 1.
//en!;j Dogs'-bane. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1699. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
3 A. pube'scens (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, mucro-
nate, obtuse at the base, downy on both surfaces, as well as tlie
cymes; calyx about equal in length to the corolla. 1/. H.
Native of Virginia.
Downy Dogs'-bane. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 A. HYPERiciFOLiUM (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 2.
p. 74.) leaves oblong, glabrous, mucronate, on very short pe-
tioles, obtuse and somewhat cordate at the base ; cymes shorter
than the leaves : calyx about equal in length to the tube of the
corolla. 1/ . H. Native from New York to Virginia, on the
gravelly shores of rivers. A. Sibiricum, Jacq. hort. 3. t. 66.
Flowers small, white, or reddish.
St. John' s-wort-leaved Dogs'-bane. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1758. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 A. SiBiRicuM (R. Br. 1. c. p. 68. Led. fl. alt. illust. t. 240.)
leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, obtuse
at the base ; cymes alternate, pedunculate, disposed in a ter-
minal panicle ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx ; pedicels
and calyxes clothed with powdery down. 1/ . H. Native about
Astrachan and Lotewsk, in salt marshy deserts, where it was
collected by Pallas and Ledebour. A. venetum, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 177. exclusive of the syn. of Falck and Hablitz. Asclepias
rubra, Sievers, in Pall. fl. nord. beitr. There are 2 varieties
of this species, a broader and a narrower leaved variety.
Siberian Dogs'-bane. PI. 2 feet.
6 A. Vene'tum (Lin. spec. 311. R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong-
VOL. IT.
elliptic, glabrous, mucronate, somewhat attenuated at the base ;
cymes panicled, lateral and terminal ; calyx about equal in length
to the tube of the corolla. %. H. Native of the south of
Europe, islands of the Adriatic sea, and in the sand along the
Euxine sea, &c.— Falck, itin. 2. t. 4.— Lob. icon. 372. f. 1-2.
Flowers red.
Var. /3 ; leaves narrower ; flowers white. Tourn. inst. p. 92.
Venetian Dogs'-bane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690. PI. 2 ft.
■|- Species not so well known as to be inserted in their proper
genera in the order ; they have been placed with /Apocynum by
various authors, but certainly do not projierly belong to the genus.
7 A. reticula'tum (Lin. spec. 312.) stein twining; leaves
cordate-ovate, veiny, glabrous. fj . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies. Roy. lugdb. 412. 0*lus criidum, Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 75. t. 40. f. 2. Loureiro's plant under this name is said to
have hairy stems; ovate, acuminated, shining leaves; axil-
lary umbels of small flowers, and the 5 fertile filaments altern-
ating with sterile ones. Perhaps a species of Ichnocarpus.
Reticulated leaved Apocynum. Shrub tw.
8 A. TiLi/EFOLiUM (Lani. diet. 1. p. 214.) stems twining, suf-
fruticose ; leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, on long pe-
tioles. P; . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. — Rheed. mal. 9.
t. 15. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175. f. 2.? Leaves green on both
surfaces, length of petioles. Flowers large, in axillary umbel-
formed fascicles, shorter than the leaves. Corolla campanulate,
villous inside. Perhaps a species oi DcEmia,
Tilia-leavcd Apocynum. Shrub tw.
9 A. panicula'tum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 212.) stem twining,
shrubby ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; flowers ter-
minal, and axillary, panicled. I; . '^. S. Native of Guiana, in
meadows about Sinemari. A. Acouci, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 274.
t. 107. Bark of stem white. Leaves 3 inches long. Flowers
small, white, in corymbs of 3-5 flowers ; with scaly bracteas at
the base.
Panicled-RowereA Apocynum. Shrub tw.
10 A. viNC.EFLORUM (Bumi. ind. p. 71.) stem erectish, peren-
nial; leaves ovate-oblong ; peduncles lateral, 2-flowered. tj . S.
Native of the East Indies. Asclepias Javanica angustifolia,
Garcin, herb. Stems reddish. Leaves acuminated, rusty beneath.
I'inca-Jlowcred Apocynum. PI.
11 A. Canarie'nse (Lam. diet. 1. p. 215.) shrubby; leaves
ovate, acuminated ; tops of follicles recurved. ^ . G. Native
of the Canary islands. Apocyn. arboresc. Canariense, Elseagni
facie, Tourn. p. 92.— Pluk, aim. 35. t. 260. f. 3. Flowers
small, axillary, sub-cymose. Follicles long.
Ca«rt)-?/-island Apocynum. Shrub.
12 A. coTiNiFOLiuM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 215.) leaves roundish,
obtuse, green; flowers small, corymbose, terminal, fj . S.
Native of Java. Flowers campanulate, on bibracteate tricho-
tomous peduncles, which are rather tomentose at top.
Cotinus-leaved Apocynum. Shrub.
13 A. aoglomera'tum (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 407.) stem
climbing ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, mucronate ; flowers cymose,
glomerate; corolla with a pilose throat. Tq.'^.S. Native of
St. Domingo. Leaves downy beneath and hairy ; the veins
confluent at the margins. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse,
white, membranous, ciliated.
G/omerfl/e-flowered Apocynum. Shrub cl.
14 A. juve'ntas (Lour. coch. p. 167.) stem twining; leaves
ovate, pilose ; racemes dichotomous, axillary. H . '^. S. Na-
tive of Cochinchina, in fields. Branches red, hairy. Root
large, fleshy, undivided. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Co-
rolla campanulate. Hypogynous scales 5, combined. Anthers
5, scale-formed, adhering to the base of the nectarmm ; and 5
sterile, erect filaments. Stigma sessile, concave, bifid, l-olhcles
M
82
APOCYNE^. XV. Apocynum. XVI. Cryptolepis. XVII. Exothostemon.
2. The Chinese physicians fancy the roots of this plant to
refresh the animal spirits to such a degree as by a long use of
it to endow old age with all the strength and vigour of youth.
Youthful Apocynum. Shrub tw.
15 A. sca'ndens (Mill. diet. no. 5.) leaves oblong, cordate,
stiff; flowers lateral ; stem fruticose, twining. Tj . ^. S. Na-
tive about Carthagena. A. scandens foliis citri, siliquis macu-
latis. Plum. cat. no. 2. Leaves quite glabrous. Racemes
short. Flowers green.
Climbing Apocynum Shrub tw.
16 A. NERVOSUM (Mill. diet. no. 9.) stem fruticose, scandent ;
leaves ovate, nerved ; cymes lateral ; flowers yellow, lai'ge, with
a very long tube, h . ^. S. Native of Carthagena. Leaves
mucronate. Follicles compressed, marginated on one side.
Seeds striated.
Nerted-\ea\ed Apocynum. Shrub cl.
17 A. corda'tum (Mill. diet. no. 10.) leaves oblong-cordate,
mucronate, sessile ; flowers lateral ; stems scandent. ^ • yj- S.
Native of Vera Cruz. Houst. mss. fig. pi. no. 8. t. 44. f. 5.
Flowers large, yellow. Probably a species oi E chiles.
Cordate-\ea.\e<l Apocynum. Shrub cl.
18 A. vill6sum( Mill. diet. no. II.) leaves cordate, glabrous;
flowers villous, sessile, longer than the petioles ; stem scandent.
h . ^. S. Native of Vera Cruz. Houst. mss. pi. t. 41. f. 2.
Flowers large, villous, yellow. Follicles tumid, angular. Per-
haps a species of iicZ/i^M.
Villous Apocynum. Shrub cl.
Cult. Common garden soil answers well for the species ; and
they are easily increased by suckers from the root, which in
most of the species rise in great numbers. Some of the rarer
kinds may be grown in a peat border with greater success.
XVI. CRYPTOLETIS (from KpvwTu,, hryplo, to hide, and
Xettis, lepis, a scale ; in reference to the scales in the tube of
the corolla). R. Br. in wern. mem. soc. 1. p. C9.
LiN. svsT. Pentandria, Monogynia. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
tube inclosing 5 obtuse, wedge-shaped scales, which alternate
v^ith the segments of the limb; throat naked. Stamens in-
closed, inserted in the bottom of the tube; anthers sagittate.
Ovaria 2. Style wanting ; stigma dilated, 5-sided, ending
in a conical point. Hypogynous scales 5. Follicles lanceolate,
horizontal. — Shrubs twining. Leaves opposite, of a different
colour beneath, and veiny. Corymbs interpetiolar, almost ses-
sile, very short.
1 C. Buchana'ni (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 409.) flowers
small, yellow ; leaves oblong, white and veiny beneath ; corymbs
interpetiolar, almost sessile. ^ . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies. Nerium reticulatum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 9. C.
Wightiana, Wall. cat. no. 4457. and C. reticulatum. Wall. cat.
1640. are only different states of C. Buchanani.
Buchanan's Cryptolepis. Shrub tw.
2 C. e'legans (Wall. cat. no. 1639.) leaves oblong, mucro-
nate, glaucous beneath, somewhat cordate at the base ; peduncles
terminal, panicled. Tj . S. Native of Silhet and Goalpara.
Camettia tenella, Hamilt. mss.
Elegant Cryptolepis. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Echites, p. 76, for culture and propagation.
XVII. EXOTHOSTE'MON {d<^Ow, exoiho, to protrude,
and (Trrjuto)', sicmim, a stamen ; in reference to the exserted
stamens).— Echites species, H. B. et Kunth, &c. and some
other authors.
LiN.sYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted; segments
each furnished with a scale inside at the base. Corolla funnel-
shaped ; throat clothed with silky hairs ; segments of the limb
unequal-sided, roundish on one side and acuminated or angular
on the other. Stamens exserted ; filaments short, dilated at
top, pilose inside ; anthers oblong or oblong-linear, emarginately
2-Iobed at the base, cohering with the stigma. Ovaria twin,
girded by 5 hypogynous, fleshy scales. Style filiform. Fol-
licles slender, torulose. — Twining shrubs, natives of South Ame-
rica. Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar glands at the base.
Peduncles interpetiolar, racemose. Flowers showy, white, or
yellow. This genus comes near to Parsonsia or Fostercnia,
Meyer.
1 E. bkactea'tum ; leaves elliptic, mucronately cuspidate,
cordate, downy above, but canescent from tomentum beneath ;
bracteas large, ovate, acuminated, coloured, much longer than
the calyx. \ . '^. S. Native of New Granada, near Mari-
quita, in the temperate regions of the mountains. Echites
bracteata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amor. S. p. 217. Glands
about 4, subulate, glabrous, situated at the base of the middle
nerve of each leaf. Calycine segments lanceolate ; with a
subulate point, with ovate deltoid scales inside. Corollas orange-
coloured, hairy outside.
Bracteata Exothostemon. Fl. June. Shrub tw.
2 E. MOLLissiMDM ; leaves oblong-cordate, downy above, but
canescent from short hair-like tomentum beneath ; bracteas
lanceolate-subulate, about equal in length to the calyx. T; . '^. S.
Native of New Granada, between Honda and the mine of San-
tanna. Echites mollissima, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 218. Leaves without glands at the base? Calycine seg-
ments ovate, acuminated, furnished each with an ovate, lanceolate
scale inside. Corollas yellow, hairy outside.
Very soft Exothostemon. Fl. July. Shrub tw.
3 E. macrophy'llum ; leaves somewhat obovate-elliptic, cus-
pidate, cordate, clothed with adpressed hairs above, and sub-
canescent hair-like down beneath ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate,
about equal in length to the calyx. T; . '^. S. Native of the
banks of the Orinoco, near San Borja ; and of the island of
Panunama. Echites macrophylla, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 218. Echites mollis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 795. Glands at base of leaves hardly seen.
Corollas yellow, size of those of Vinca rosea, downy outside.
Segments of calyx lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, furnished
each with a scale inside. Leaves 5 inches long and 2-^- broad.
Long-leaved Exothostemon. Fl. May. Shrub tw.
4 E. gra'cile ; leaves oblong-lanceolate : superior ones lan-
ceolate, acuminated, cordate, glabrous above and hairy beneath;
bracteas lanceolate-subulate, about equal in length to the pedi-
cels ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, furnished each with
an ovate deltoid scale inside. Tj . '^. S. Native on the banks
of the river Orinoco, in humid places, between Maypure and
Ature. Echites gracilis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 219. Leaves 2^ inches long ; with the glands at the base
hardly visible. Corollas yellow, glabrous outside.
Slender Exothostemon. Fl. May. Shrub tw.
5 E. speciosum; leaves oblong, acuminated, cordate, glabrous
above, . and hairy beneath ; bracteas linear-subulate, minute ;
calycine segments ovate, acuminated, furnished each with a scale
inside. I7 . '^. S. Native along with the preceding. Echites
speciosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 219. Corollas
yellow. Leaves 2^ inches long, furnished with glands inside at
the base.
Showy Exothostemon. Shrub tw.
6 E. Javite'nse ; leaves elliptic-oblong, short-acuminated,
rounded at the base, smoothish above and roughish beneath ;
spikes terminal, solitary ; bracteas large, oblong, acuminated,
coloured; calycine segments roundish-ovate, obtuse, furnished
each with a scale inside. Ij . '^. S. Native in the Missions of
the Orinoco, in shady places, on the banks of the river Temi,
near Javita. Echites Javitensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
APOCYNEiE. XVIII. Hxmadictvon. XIX. Ckrcocoma. XX. Prestonia.
83
amer. 3. p. 220. Leaves 4--1 ,j inches lonrv ; witli tlie glands at
the base liaidly visible. Spikes almost sessile, half a toot long.
Flowers sessile. Corolla glabrous, with a green tube and a
yellow^ limb, uith reflexed segments. This species differs par-
ticularly from the rest in the flowers being disposed in terminal
spikes, instead of interpetiolar racemes.
/ayi7« Exothostemon. Fl. June. Shrub tw.
7 E. PALUDOSUM ; leaves oblong or oblong-linear, acute at both
ends, glabrous; flowers 2-4> together, terminal, pedunculate;
calyeine segments oblong, acute. t^ . '^. S. Native of Cuba,
and other parts of America, on the sea shore. Echites paludosa,
Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 19. t. 5. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 221. Leaves 2 or 21 inches long, without any glands at the
base. Corollas white, glabrous outside.
Marsh Exothostemon. Fl. March. Shrub tw.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 7G.
XVin. H^MADl'CTYON (from a,>a, haima, blood, and
riKTvoi', dictijon, a net ; in reference to the veins and nerves of
the leaves being red). Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 71. Echites
species, Sims and Tussac.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogyn'ta. Corolla salver-shaped ;
segments reflexed, equal, dilated ; throat of the tube furnished
with 5 inclosed scales. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate,
cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style
filiform ; stigma capitate. Hypogynous glands 5, alternating
with the calyeine segments. — Twining shrubs, with opposite
leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers.
1 H. vENosuM (Lindl. I. c.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous, a little
blistered, and beautifully traversed by crimson veins ; racemes
drooping. Tj.'^. S. Native of St. Vincent. Echites niitans,
Sims, bot. mag. 2473. Echites sanguinolenta, Tussac. fl. ant.
Flowers of a yellow green colour, pale in the center.
J eincd-\ea.\e& Hcemadictyon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821.
Shrub tw.
2 H. subere'cta ; leaves rather ovate, downy beneath, mu-
cronate ; racemes many-flowered. I; . '^. S. Native of Ja-
maica and St. Domingo. Echites suberecta, Swartz, obs. 101.
Jacq. amer. 32. t. 26. icon. pict. t. 33. Andr. bot. rep. 187.
Sims, bot. mag. lOG^. Apocynum speciosissimum. Mill. diet.
Nerium sarmentosum, Browne, jam. ISO. — Sloan, jam. p. 89.
hist. 1. p. 206. t. 130. f. 2. Corollas large, with a cylindrical
tube: hairy outside, yellow. Hypogynous scales concave, obtuse.
Stems scandent, hardly twining. Calyeine segments lanceolate.
Erectish Hamadictyon. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1759. So. cl.
3 H. circina'lis ; leaves elliptic, glabrous ; racemes many-
flowered : having the peduncles articulated; teeth of calyx
acute. Ij . ^. S. Native of the Antilles, and St. Domingo.
Echites circinalis, Jacq. Swartz. prod. 52.' fl. ind. occ. 1.
p. 529. Flowers small, white, with undulated segments and
villous throat. Calyx and corolla velvety outside.
Circinal Hsemadictyon. Shrub tw.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
XIX. CERCOCO'MA (from Kipmc, leer/cos, a tail, and Kofir),
koine, a head of hair ; in reference to the stipitate tuft of hairs
at the top of the seed). Wall. cat. no. 1623.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5~toothed.
Corolla salver-shaped ; with a terete tube and a 5-lobed spread-
ing limb. Stamens inclosed. Follicles 2, divaricate, horizontal,
large, 9 inches long, acuminated, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds
lanceolate, tapering to the top, where it ends in a long, stipitate
tuft of white hairs. — Branches warted. Leaves opposite, gla-
brous, oblong, acuminated. Panicles coi-ymbose, furnished with
many opposite, ovate, acute small bracteas.
1 C. Singaporia'na (Wall. cat. no. 1623.). I7 . S. Native of
the East Indies.
Singapore Cercocoma. Shrub.
Ctdl. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
XX. PRESTO'NIA (named after Charles Preston, M. D.,
a correspondent of Ray ; and styled by him " Eruditissimus vir,
et Curiosissimus stirpium Observator." Many of his observa-
tions, chiefly on the more minute plants, occur in Ray's " Me-
thodus eniendata." Blair also mentions him as an ingenious and
expert botanist). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 69. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 221.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla salver-shaped ; throat crowned with an undivided annular
tube, and 5 scales, which alternate with the segments of the
limb. Anthers semi-exserted, sagittate, cohering by their middle
to the stigma ; with the hind lobes destitute of pollen. Ova-
ria 2. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma turbinate : with
a narrower point. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or joined.
Follicles like those of Echites. — Twining shrubs. Leaves oppo-
site. Corymbs or racemes crowded, interpetiolar. Calyx foli-
aceous : having the segments furnished each with a scale inside
at the base.
1 P. tomentosa (R. Br. 1. c. p. 70.) tomentose ; corymbs
crowded ; hypogynous scales combined into an urceolus. f; . '^.
S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, where it was collected
by Sir Joseph Banks. Flowers large, yellow.
Tomentose Prestonia. Shrub tw.
2 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. ainer. 3. p. 221.
t. 212.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, siibcordate, hairy above,
but clothed with soft canescent down beneath ; flowers race-
mose ; hypogynous scales free, h . '^. S. Native on the banks
of the river Amazon, near Tomependa, in the province of Jaen
de Bracaraoros. Flowers large, yellow : hairy, ventricose
at the base, and downy.
Soft Prestonia. Fl. Aug. Shrub tw.
3 P. glabra'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 222.)
leaves ovate-oblong, short-acuminated, cordate, glabrous ; flowers
racemose ; hypogynous scales free. I; . '^. S. Native of Quito,
near Guayaquil, on the shore of the Pacific Ocean. Corollas
yellow, size of those of Vinca rosea. Pedicels hairy.
Glabrous Prestonia. Fl. Feb. Shrub tw.
4 P. hirsu'ta ; leaves oblong-oval, acvmiinated, villous be-
neath ; flowers racemose ; hypogynous scales free, i^ • ^- ^^
Native of Peru, in forests. Echites hirsuta, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 19. t. 136. Glands one or two at the base of each
leaf. Calyeine segments acute in the flowering state, but blunt
in the fruiting state. Corollas yellow.
Hairy Prestonia. Shrub tw.
5 P. Peruvia'na (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 637.) leaves roundish,
cordate, acuminated, tomentose, glanduliferous ; peduncles race-
mose. Ij . '^. S. Native of Peru, in woods. Echites glan-
dulosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 135. Stems bearing
glands at the joints, in the recesses at the base of the leaves,
and along the petioles and stipulas. Leaves large, white be-
neath, with red or purplish veins. Pedicels reflexed. Corollas
large, yellow. Perhaps a species of Hceinadklyon.
Peruvian Prestonia. Shrub tw.
6 P. quinquangula'ris (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 637-) leaves
obovate or oblong-ovate, acuminated ; peduncles racemose,
generally 8-flowered ; calyeine segments with reflexed tops.
[^ . '^. S. Native of South America, and the West Indies.
Echites quinquangidaris, Jacq. amer. 32. t. 25. ed. pict. t. 32.
Stems scabrous. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla large, green,
with a yellowish limb : and having the throat of the tube pen-
M 2
84
APOCYNE/E. XXI. Balfouria. XXII. Nerium. XXIII. Strophanthus.
tagonal and white ; segments of limb broad and truncate at tlie
apex. Anthers length of tube. Said to be non-lactescent.
Five-angled-Roviered Prestonia. Shrub tw.
7 P. ANNULA Ris ; leaves large ; corolla furnished with a pro-
minent ring ; racemes pedunculate, bifid ; hypogynous scales
distinct. Jj . '^. S. Native of Surinam. Echites annularis,
Lin. suppl. IGG. Leaves nearly a foot long. Segments of
corolla emarginate. Stigma obtuse, girded by a ring.
Annidar-Rov/ered Prestonia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echitcs, p. 76.
XXI. BALFOU'RIA (in memory of Sir Andrew Balfour,
the founder of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden and Museum, of
wliose merits in natural history, especially in botany, an inter-
esting account is given by his friend Sir Robert Sibbald, in a
small volume entitled " iMemoria Balfouriana."). R. Br. in
mem. wern. soc. I. p. 70. prod. p. 467.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Corolla salver-sh.Tpcd,
throat crowned by a little crenulated tube ; segments of the
limb straight, equal-sided. Stamens inserted in the throat, a
little exserted : anthers sagittate, mucronate, cohering by their
middle to the stigma. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, filiform,
dilated at apex; stigma angular. Scales 10, inserted at the
base of the calyx outside the corolla : hypogynous ones none.
Follicles unknown. — A small tree, about 12 feet high. Leaves
opposite, lanceolate-linear, falcate ; furnished with interpetiolar
teeth. Cymes trifid, lateral, and terminal.
1 B. sALiGNA (R. Br. prod. 467.). Ij . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Willonnj Balfouria. Tree 12 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nerium, below.
XXII. NE'RIUM (from vr)po£, neros, hum\d; habitat of spe-
cies.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 71. Lam. ill. t. 174.
f. 1. — Nerium, species of Lin. ed Juss.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria Monogyuia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
salver-shaped; throat crowned by lacerated multifid segments ;
segments of the limb twisted, unequal-sided, tailless. Filaments
inserted into the middle of the tube. Anthers sagittate, awned,
cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2. Style 1,
filiform, dilated at top ; stigma obtuse. Hypogynous scales
wanting ; but there are toothlets at the base of the calyx, outside
the corolla. Follicles cylindrical. — Erect shrubs. Leaves 3 in
a whorl, elongated, coriaceous, with numerous parallel veins.
Flowers terminal, corymbose.
1 N. Olea'nder (Lin. spec. 805.) leaves lanceolate, 3 in a
whorl, veiny beneath ; segments of corona trifid or tricuspidate.
y^ . G. Native of the East Indies, in humid places ; but has
now become apparently wild in many places of the south of
Europe, by the sides of streams, and near the sea coast.- —
Blackw. t. 531. — Duham. arb. 2. p. 46. t. 12. — Lob. icon. t.
364. N. lauriforme, Fl. fr. 2. p. 209. Leaves 4-5 inches long,
dark green. Flowers rather large, bright red. Like Rhododen-
dron, this shrub has the name of Rose Bay, and for the same
reason ; but it is more commonly known by the officinal name,
Oleander, which is also adopted in all the European languages,
except the French, in which it is Laurose, or Laurier-Rose, that
is. Rose Ray. The Italians have adopted Nerio, or Rosa-laura,
as well as Oleandro. Oil, in which the leaves are infused, was
formerly recommended for cutaneous disorders, in preference to
mercurial preparations, for weak constitutions.
far. ft, Jlore albo ; flowers white ; leaves pale green. h .
G. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 700. — Ger. emac. 1406. f. 2. Park,
theatr. 1407. 1.
Var. y, splendens (Hort.) flowers large, showy, double, bright
red. h . G. N. latifolinm, Mill. diet. no. S. ? Herm. lugdb.
447. t. 410. Nerium grandiflorum, Hort. Par.
J'ar. a, variegatum (Hort.) leaves edged with white or yellow ;
flowers red. Vj . G. Lodd. bot. cab. 666.
Common Oleander. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub 6-
14 feet.
2 N. odorum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 297.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, 3 in a whorl, coriaceous, veiny beneath, with revolute
edges ; segments of the crown multifid, filamentose at apex.
Ij . G. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of rivers, and
by the sea side. Heyne, term. bot. t. 22. f. 1. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2032. N. odoratura, Lam. diet. 3. p. 456. — Rheed.
mal. 9. t. 2. N. I'ndicum, Mill. diet. no. 2. N. Oleander,
Lour. coch. 1 15. Leaves light green, 6-10 inches long. Flowers
pale red, with an agreeable musky scent. Bracteas lanceolate,
mucronate, permanent. Calycine segments lanceolate mucro-
nate. There is also a variety of this species with white flowers,
and another with semi-double flowers. See Ker. bot. reg. t. 74.
Sweet-scented-Rovie'ced Oleander. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683.
Shrub 6-8 feet.
3 N. flave'scens (Di Spino, jard. de St. Sebastian, 1812.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, or opposite, veined be-
neath; flowers and peduncles yellowish. Jj . G. Native country
unknown, but cultivated in Italian gardens. N. odorum, var. /J,
liueum, Targion Tazzet. obs. bot. dec. 1-2, p. 27.
Yellonnsh-^ovieveA Oleander. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
Shrub 6-10 feet.
4 N. SALiciNUM (Forsk. desc. 205. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 45.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, nerveless. F^ . G. Native
of Arabia Felix. Said to differ from A'^. Oleander, in the leaves
being obtuse, and almost veinless beneath, not with copious
parallel nerves. A large tree, with the habit of Sdlix frdgilis.
Leaves flat, shining, a span long.
Willowy Oleander. Tree.
■\ A doubtful species.
5 N. ? reticula'tum (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 797.) leaves elliptic, mucronate, reticulated, stem scan-
dent. >2 . v_,. S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps a species
of JVrightia.
Reticulated-leaved Oleander. Shrub cl.
Cult. All the species of Oleander are very showy vvlien in
blossom. They thrive well in a light rich soil ; and cuttings
strike root freely in any kind of soil, if kept moist ; or by placing
the ends of them in water. All require a good deal of heat, to
flower freely in this country.
XXIII. STROPHA'NTHUS (from arpo^oc, strophos, a
twisted thong ; and atSoc, anihos, a flower ; segments of corolla
long, narrow, and twisted.) D. C. in bull. d. soc. philom. no.
64. p. 123. t. 8. f. 1. Desf. ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27. R. Br.
in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 72. — Echites species, Lin.
LiN. SYST. PentHndria, Monogyuia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 13.
a.) Corolla funnel-shaped; throat crowned by 10 undivided
scales ; segments of the limb ending in a long tail each (f. 13. e.)
Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube ; anthers sagittate,
awned (f 13. c. rf.) or mucronate. Ovaria 2. Style 1, filiform,
dilated at the apex; stigma sub-cylindrical. Hypogynous scales
5. Follicles ovate, acuminated, many-seeded. — Sarmentose
shrubs, with opposite leaves.
^ 1 . Anthers glabrous, draivn out into a thread (f. 1 3. c.J
1 S. sarmentosus (D. C. bull, philomat. no. 64. p. 123. t. 8.
f. 1. Desf ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27.) glabrous, sarmentose ;
flowers glomerate, terminal and lateral, rising with the leaves ;
corollas sub-campanulate. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone,
APOCYNE^. XXIII. Strophanthus. XXIV. WuiGiiTrA.
85
rambling among bushes. Branches besprinkled with white
tubercles. Leaves ovate, acute. Corolla red, ending in long
tail each.
;5'ar;HeH<o«e Strophantlnis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1834. Shrub
rambling.
2 S. LAURiFOLius (D. C. 1. c. Desf. 1. c. p. 411.) erect;
leaves opposite, and 3 in a whorl ; flowers glomerate, terminal
and lateral, rising after the leaves have fallen. I7 . S. Native
of Sierra Leone, by the sea side. We have seen this species
growing by the sea side, near Cape Shilling, where it forms a
bush, about 6 or 8 feet high, covered with blossoms, before the
leaves rise. Flowers red and white. Very nearly allied to
S. sarmentusus, but the stems are erect, and the corollas less
spreading.
Laurel-leaved Strophanthus. Shrub G to 8 feet.
3 S. ncnoTOMUs (D. C. 1. c. Desf. 1. c.) branches dichoto-
mous ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute at both ends, glabrous, FIG, 13.
mucronately acuminated ; co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; tails of
segments of corolla 3 inches
long ; scales of corolla curled,
f; . S. Native of the East
Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 469. S.
terminalis, Blum. cat. hort. buitz.
p. 50. Echites caudata, Lin.
mant. 52. Burm. ind. t. 26.
Nerium caudatum, Roxb. fl.ind.
2. p. 9. Echites dichotoma,
Carey, hort. beng. p. 20. Stems
sarmentose, besprinkled with
white tubercles. Corollas yel-
lowish in this country, but are
said to be red in their native
country, (f. 13.)
rar, /3, rotundatus (Pers. ench. 1. p. 269.) leaves ovate-
roundish. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. Nerium cauda-
tum. Lam. diet. 3. p. 458.
Dichotomous Strophanthus. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 3-4 feet.
4 S. divarica'tus (Wall. cat. no. 1642.) branches and pe-
duncles dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous, pale beneath ; flowers small, with short
segments. Pj . >_,. S. Native of the East Indies.
Divaricate Strophanthus. Shrub cl.
5 S. Jackia'nus (Wall. cat. no. 1643.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, downy beneath while young ; peduncles short, axillary, di-
chotomous ; corolla campanulate, with short tails to the segments.
Tj . S. Native of Penang. Follicles very long.
Jack's Strophanthus. Shrub.
6 S. Chine'nsis ; branches erect, dichotomous ; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, few-
flowered, becoming lateral, or in the forks of the branches ;
tails of the segments of the corolla ensiform ; stamens inserted in
the base of the tube. fj . E. Native of China. Nerium Chi-
nensis. Hunter, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 9. S. divergens, Graham?
S. dichotomus, Ker. bot. reg. 469 ? Dr. Roxburgh could not
find any scales in the tube of the corolla.
Chinese Strophanthus. Shrub erect.
7 S. ? sca'ndens (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 412.) stems
scandent ; peduncles terminal, many-flowered ; leaves ovate-
oblong, a little acuminated, glabrous; tails of the segments of
the corolla long. Pj . ^. S. Native of Cocliinchina, among
bushes. Nerium scandens, Lour. coch. p. 116. Calyx tubular,
with fleshy, erect segments. Corolla funnel-shaped ; having
the lower part of the tube cylindrical, and the superior part ur-
ceolate, white ; limb red, having the segments long-linear and
repand. Corona of the tube of many acute segments ; anthers
ending in a long, thread-like tail, each. Follicles thick, obtuse,
horizontal.
Climbing Strophanthus. Shrub cl.
8 S. ALTERNiFLORUs (Spreug. syst. 1. p. 637.) scandent;
leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; alternate axils umbellife-
rous. ^.^.G. Native of China, in small islands near Canton.
Apocynum alterniflorum, Lour. coch. 168. Flowers pale. Co-
rolla campanulate, crowned by 10 scales.
A/ternate-Jlomered Utrophanthua. .Shrub cl.
§ 2. Anthers hispid, mutic.
9 S. HisPiDA (D. C. 1. c. Desf. 1. c. p. 412.) corollas funnel-
shaped : with long, acuminated segments ; anthers acute, (j . S.
Native of Sierra Leone. Shrub hispid, almost with the habit of
a Juslicia. Leaves sessile, ovate-oblong. Flowers fasciculate,
on peduncles, which are repeatedly trichotomous. Corollas red ;
having the tails of the segments 7 inches long.
Hispid Strophanthus. .Shrub.
Cult. Shrubs of easy culture. A mixture of peat, loam, and
sand, is the best soil for them ; and cuttings strike root readily
in sand, under a hand glass, in heat. The species are worth cul-
tivating for the singularity as well as beauty of their flowers.
Tribe II.
WRIGHTI&iE. Fruit of 2 follicles. Tuft of hairs at the
lower end of the seed, or at that end contrary to the umljilicus.
Embryo with involute cotyledons.
XXIV. WRI'GHTIA (named after the late William Wright,
M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. and Edinb., whose ardour in the pursuit of
botanical knowledge, even while engaged in extensive medical
practice in the island of Jamaica, has long entitled him to this
mark of distinction.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soe. 1. p. 73. —
Nerium species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla salver-shaped ; throat crowned by 10 divided scales. Sta-
mens exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat ; anthers sagittate,
cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2, cohering.
Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma narrower. Scales 5-10,
inserted at the base of the calyx, outside the corolla. Follicles
distinct or combined, with adnate placentas. — Erect shrubs, or
small trees. Leaves opposite. Corymbs almost terminal.
Flowers white. Albumen none. Cotyledons longitudinally in-
volute, white, but immersed in hot water they become rose-
coloured.
1 W. antidysente'rica (R. Br. 1. c. p. 74.) leaves obovate-
oblong, short-acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs nearly terminal ;
tube of corolla 6 times longer than the calyx ; follicles distinct.
fj . S. Native of Ceylon. Nerium antidysentericum, Lin. spec.
ed. 2d. p. 306. Lour. coch. p. 116.— Plenck. offic. t. 119.
— Burm. zeyl. 167. t. 77. Codaga Pala, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 'io. t.
47. ? Flowers white, sweet-scented, form of a species oiJasmt-
num. The wood being white, of a fine grain, is useful for the
turner, and to make cabinets, and other elegant furniture. The
bark is reputed to be a specific in dysentery, and most complaints
of the bowels, and is the Conessi bark of the Materia Medica.
Anti-dysenteric Wrlghtia. Clt. 1778. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
2 W. Zeyla'nica (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
sub-acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs terminal ; tube of corolla
4-5 times longer than the calyx ; follicles distinct, fj . S. Native
of Ceylon. Nerium Zeylanicum, Lin. amoen. acad. 4. p. 309.
Burm. zeyl. 23. t. 12. f. 2. W. divaricata. Herb. madr. Very
nearly allied to fV. antidysenterica, from which it differs, in the
fiiTure of the leaves, which are also rather smaller.
86
APOCYNEiE. XXIV. Wrightia. XXV. Kibatalia. XXVI. Alstonia.
Ceylon Wrightia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
3 W. TiNCTORiA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceol.^te, and
ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles terminal ; branches
and corymbs divaricate ; tube of corolla twice longer than the
calyx; follicles distinct, but united at the apex. Ij . S. Native
of die East Indies. Lindl. bot. reg. 933. Nerium tinctorium,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 5. Chite-ancaloo of the Telingas. Flowers
white, fragrant, when expanded an inch and a half in diameter.
Dj/erV Wrightia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 10 to
15 feet.
4 W. MOLLissiMA (Wall. pi. rar. 2, p. 39. t. 146.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, clothed with hoary villi beneath, as well as the
branchlets; corymbs erect; tube of corolla twice longer than
the calyx, downy ; follicles parallel, beset with many callous
dots, combined into a clavate cylindrical fruit. T? . S. Native
of Nipaul, on mountains, in the Great Valley; and of Kamaon.
Habit of W. tinctbria. Corolla downy outside, yellow, tinged
with red.
Very soft Wrightia. Shrub.
5 W. RoTHii ; leaves oval-lanceolate ; corymbs terminal, loose,
flaccid ; calyx and corollas downy. Ij . S. Native of the East
Indies. W. tinctoria. Roth. nov. spec. Tabernasmontana
divaricata, Roth. ? and probably Rheed. mal. 1. t. 46. and 2. t.
54.
Roth's Wrightia. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
6 W. du'bia (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 638.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, somewhat undulated ; corona in the throat of the corolla
10-cleft, alternate segments shorter and obtuse; peduncles few-
flowered in the forks of the branches. Fj . S. Native of the
East Indies. Cameraria diibia, Hook. bot. mag. t. 1616.
Lodd. bot. cab. 403. Flowers large, scarlet. Segments of co-
rolla lanceolate, acuminated, yellow beneath.
Doubljul Wrightia. Shrub or tree.
7 W. cocci'nea (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2696. Lodd. bot. cab.
894. Wall. cat. no. 1626.) leaves almost sessile, ovate-oblong;
flowers 3-4 together, terminal; corona in the throat 5-lobed;
lobes crenulated ; follicles distinct, rough ; tube of corolla short.
12 . S. Native of Silhet. Nerium coccineiun, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 2. Flowers large, dull red. Corona scarlet. A large timber
tree. Wood white, remarkably light, but firm, and much used
by turners, to make palkies, &c.
,S'car/e<-flowered Wrightia. Fl. Jime. Clt. 1812. Tree.
8 W. pube'scens (R. Br. 1. c. p. 75.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated, and are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; corymbs
erect ; tube of the corolla a little longer than the calyx ; folli-
cles cohering. Tt . S. Native of New Holland, in Arnhem's
Land, on the north coast ; and the Island of Timor, near Coepang;
as well as of Java, among bushes. Zimm. reis. xi. 2. 1812.
p. 132. with a figure. Roth. nov. spec. W. tomentosa, Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 414. Flowers white. The tube of the
corolla is described both by Blume and Roth, to be twice as long
as the calyx.
Downy Wrightia. Shrub.
9 W. tomentosa ; leaves oblong, acuminated, downy ; co-
rymbs terminal, small ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ;
corona fleshy, lacerated into obtuse segments ; follicles scabrous ;
distinct. h . S. Native of the Circars. Nerium tomentosum,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 7. — Nelam-Pala, Rheed. mal. 9. t. 3-4.
Branches downy. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers with a
white corolla, and orange-coloured corona. Follicles 8-9 inches
long, and 2 in circumference. With the yellow juice which
flows from every part of this plant when wounded, diluted with
water, pieces of cotton cloth were dyed a pretty good yellow.
Tomentose Wrightia. Tree.
10 W. ? pisciDiA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, shining ; pani-
cles terminal, bracteate, shorter than the leaves ; tube of corolla
longer than the calyx ; corona of 5 bifid, villous segments ;
follicles swollen, oblong, obtuse. (j . S. Native of Sdhet,
where it is called Echaulut. Neriuin piscidium, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 7. Seeds with broad, membranous edges, crowned. The
loark contains a quantity of fibrous matter, which the natives of
the country where the plant grows use as a substitute for hemp.
Dr. Roxburgh found, by steeping the roots in a fish-pond,
in order to accelerate the removal of the bark, and cleansing the
fibres, many, if not the whole, of the fish w'ere killed : hence the
specific name.
Fish-killing Wrightia. Shrub rambling.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Slrophdnthus, p. 85.
XXV. KIBATA'LIA (Kibatala is the name of the tree in
Java.) Hasseltia, Blum, bijdr. p. 1047, but not of H. B. et
Kunth.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent. Corolla having the tube coarctate in the middle, the
throat naked, and the limb campanulate, 5-parted, and twisted.
Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla ; anthers large,
cuspidate, callose on the back, adhering to the stigma. Ova-
rium didymous, girded by a fleshy ring. Style didymous ;
stigma clavate. Fruit of 2 elongated, distinct follicles. Seeds
furnished at the lower extremity, with a stipitate tuft of iiairs.
Embryo involute — A beautiful tree ; with opposite, oval leaves,
which are acutish at both ends, glabrous above, paler and
a little downy beneath ; and axillary fascicles of large, whitish
yellow flowers. Kibatalia is distinguished from Wrightia, in the
throat of the corolla being without scales ; and in the tuft of
hairs to the seed being furnished with a stipe.
1 K. ARBOREA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1046, under Hasseltia.) Pj . S.
Native of Java, about Tjampian, in the province of Buitenzorg,
where it is called Kibatala.
Tree Kabatalia. Fl. June. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Slrophdnthus, p. 85.
Tribe III.
ALSTONI&^. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds peltate, ciliated ;
having the cilia more elongated at both ends.
XXVI. ALSTO'NIA (in memory of Dr. Alston, the prede-
cessor of Dr. Hope, of Edinburgh.) R. Br. in mem. soc. wern.
1. p. 75. — Echites species, Lin.
LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla salver-shaped ; throat and tube without scales. Stamens
inclosed ; anthers lanceolate, bearing pollen their whole length,
and free from the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style 1, filiform,
dilated at top ; stigma somewhat conical. Hypogynous, as well
as calycine scales, wanting. Follicles terete. — Usually tall, lac-
tescent trees. Leaves verticillate or opposite, ribbed, glabrous.
Cymes terminal, panicled. Flowers usually white. Follicles
for the most part very long.
1 A. schola'ris (R. Br. 1. c. p. 76.) leaves 5-7 in a whorl,
obovate-oblong, obtuse, ribbed, and having the veins approxi-
mating the margin ; cymes on short peduncles ; limb of corolla a
little bearded ; follicles very long. Ij . S. Native of the East.
Indies and the Moluccas. Echites scholaris, Lin. mant. 53.
A. oleandrsefolia, Lodd. Nerium tinctorium, Hort. Pala,
Rheed. mal. 1. p. 81. t. 45. Lignum scholare, Rumph.amb. 2.
p. 246. t. 82. Flowers white. Segments of corolla roundish.
Far. fi ; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse ; umbels eff"use.
Jj . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak. Blum,
bijdr. 1037.
^•c/iooZ Alstonia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1803. Tree.
2 A. specta'bilis (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic-
APOCYNE^. XXVI. Alstonia. XXVII. Gelsemium. XXVIII. Plectaneia. XXIX. Tabern.emoktana.
87
oblong, somewhat acuminated, ribbed, with simple edges ; cymes
pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; limb of corolla bearded ;
follicles very long. ^ . S. Native of the islands of Timor and
Java. Flowers very nearly allied to the preceding.
Shotfi/ Alstonia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1825. Tree.
3 A. spatula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1037.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, opposite or 4 in a whorl, spatulate, rounded at the apex,
and glabrous ; flowers sub-umbellate, terminal ; throat of corolla
bearded a little ; coroUine segments obtuse, about equal in length
to the tube, (j . S. Native of Java, about Hompien, where it
is called Lamch.
Spaltilate-leaveA Alstonia. Fl. April. Shrub.
4 A. villosa (Blum, bijdr. p. 1038.) leaves almost sessile,
4 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acutish at both ends, remotely
ribbed, villous beneath ; cymes effuse, terminal. ^ . S. Native
of Java, on the calcareous mountains of Kuripan.
Villous Alstonia. Fl. Nov. Shrub.
5 A. sERicEA (Blum, bidjr. p. 1038.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, much acuminated at both ends, lined transversely,
clothed with silky down beneath ; cymes crowded, terminal ;
throat of corolla bearded; segments of corolla lanceolate, acu-
minated, 't • S. Native of Java, on the Salak mountains.
Silky Alstonia. Fl. April. Shrub or tree.
6 A. macrophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 1648.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
oblong, short-acuminated, downy beneath ; peduncles numerous,
at the tops of the branches, trichotomously corymbose at the top.
Tj . S. Native of Penang. Follicles linear, very long. A.
costata, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 1649, does not appear to differ
from A. macrophijlla, unless in the leaves being glabrous, nar-
rower, and the veins more distinct.
Large-leaved Alstonia. Tree or shrub.
7 A. cunea'ta (Wall. cat. no. 1645.) leaves obovate, retuse
at top, rusty beneath, 3 in a whorl. Ij . S. Native of Sirmore,
where it was collected by Dr. Gowan. Follicles linear. Pedun-
cles 3-flowered. ?
Cimeate-leaved Alstonia. Slirub or tree.
8 A. NERiiFOLiA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 131.) leaves 3-5
in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, feather-nerved, velvety be-
neath, cymes terminal, sessile, downy ; throat of corolla downy :
segments of the limb lanceolate, acute, twice shorter than the
tube. Pj . G. Native of Nipaul.
Neriam-leaved Alstonia. Tree or shrub.
9 A. Lu'ciDA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 131.) leaves opposite,
elliptic, acuminated, glalnous, shining, reticulated ; cymes ter-
minal, pedunculate, trichotomous ; throat of corolla bearded ;
segments of the limb oblong, obtuse, about equal in length to
the tube. T^ . G. Native of Nipaul. Echites triangularis,
Hamilt. mss.
;S'/»'«(Hn'-leaved Alstonia. Shrub or tree.
10 A. cost.Vta (R. Br. 1. c. p. 77.) leaves opposite, elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, ribbed ; cymes effuse ; segments of the
corolla beardless, lanceolate, longer than the tube; follicles very
long. I; . S. Native of the islands of Otaheite and Ulaietea,
between the ranges of the mountain, where it is called Attahe.
Flowers white.
Ribbed-\eA\eA Alstonia. Tree.
11 A. PLUMOSA (Labill. sert. cal. p. 28. t. 28.) leaves opposite,
elliptic-oblong, obtuse, ribbed, attenuated at the base ; floriferous
cymes length of leaves, but the fruit bearing ones are much
longer ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse, pilose ; follicles very
long. I^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Corolla with a ven-
tricose tube, and a pilose throat.
Feathered Alstonia. Slirub 8 feet.
12 A. venena'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated at the base ; cymes dichoto-
mous ; tube of corolla widened upwards; limb acute, beardless;
follicles attenuated at both ends, hardly equal in length to the
leaves. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white.
Poisonous Alstonia. Tree.
Cult. See Slrophdnthus, p. 85, for culture and propagation.
Tribe IV.
GELSEMIE'yE. Fruit of 2 joined follicles, which are at
length separable, 2-valved, 2-celled ; valves 1 -celled, with in-
flexed, seminiferous edges, which constitute the dissepiment.
Seeds flat, winged. This tribe seems to connect the Gentianece
with Apocijnea, through Crawjihdia.
XXVII. GELSEWIIUM (from Gelsemino, an Italian name
of the Jasmine.) Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 120. — Gelseniuuuii.
Juss. gen. 168.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogij'nia. Calyx small, 5-lobed.
Corolla large, funnel-shaped ; with a 5-cleft, almost equal limb.
Stigma trifid. Capsule ovate-oblong, rather compressed, 2-
celled, composed of 2 joined follicles, which are separable, fur-
rowed in the middle ; 2-valved ; valves keeled, with inflexed
edges, which constitute the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, flat,
imi)ricate, membranous at the apex, fixed to the edges of tiie
valves. — An evergreen, lactescent, climbing shrub. Leaves
opposite, furnished with small, axillary glands. Flowers axillary
and terminal, yellow.
1 G. NiriDUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 120.) glabrous;
leaves lanceolate, shining : fascicles axillary, few-flowered. (^ .
v^. G. Native of North America, in the vicinity of rivers, from
Virginia to Florida. Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 184. G. seni-
pervirens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 267. Bignonia sempervirens, Lin.
spec. p. 869. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 258. Anonymos sempervirens,
Walt. fl. car. p. 98. Lisianthus sempervirens. Mart. Mill. diet. no.
5. — Catesb. car. 1. p. 53. — Plukn. aim. 359. t. 112. f. 5. Flowers
sweet-scented, yellow. Called, in America, Carolina Jessamine.
Shining Gelsemium, or Carolina Jasmine. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1640. Shrub cl.
Cult. A pretty climbing shrub, of easy culture. The best
soil for it is a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings strike root
readily under a hand-glass.
XXVIII PLECTANETA (meaning unknown.) Pet. Th.
gen. mad. no. 3o. Roem. coll. p. 203.
Lin. syst. Penlandria Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft,
or 5-toothed. Corolla with a short ventrlcose tube, and a
twisted, coarctate limb. Anthers sessile, sagittate. Ovarium
solitary. Style short; stigma capitate. Capsule follicular, very
long, sub-tetragonal, 2-celled, probably composed of 2 joined
follicles ; with introflexed, semmiferous edges. Seeds com-
pressed, winged, fixed to the edges of the valves by slender
funicles. Albumen thin. Embryo straight, with flat cotyledons.
— A lactescent, twining shrub ; with opposite leaves, and small
corymbose flowers. F"ruit like that of J?/n'Ho«ia. The genus is
said to be nearly allied to Gelsemium by some, and by others
to Plumiera, but totally distinct from both.
1 P. Thoua'rsii (Roem. et Schultz, syst. 4. p. 420.) I- . '^.
S. Native of Madagascar.
Petit Thouar's Plectaneia. Shrub tw-.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Echttes, p. 76.
Tribe V.
TABERN.EMONTA^NE.'E. Fruit of 2 follicles, rarely soli-
tary by abortion. Seeds neither tufted nor winged, usually
nestling in the pulp of the fruit, usually albuminous.
XXIX. TABERNtEMONTA'NA (so named by Plumier, in
honour of James Theodore, surnamed Tal)erna;niontanus, from
Berg-Zabern, the place where he was born. He published
88
APOCYNEvE. XXIX. Tabern,emontana.
Kraeuteibucli, 1589, and Figures of Plants, 1590, in an oblong
quarto form. He was physician to the Elector Palatine, and
died in 1590.) Plum. gen. 30. Lin. gen. no. 301. Juss. 145.
R. Br. prod. p. 467. <- /-. n
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
salver- shaped; limb 5-parted ; segments unequal-sided. Sta-
mens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering to the stigma. Ova-
ria 2. Style filiform ; stigma bifid, from the dilated base.
Hypogynous glands wanting^? Follicles 2, ventricose. Seeds
immersed in pulp. — Small trees. Leaves opposite. Stipidas
interpetiolar, adnate at bottom, and loose at top. Cymes sub-
dichotomous, interpetiolar. Calyx permanent.
* Natives of New Holland.
1 T. orienta'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves lanceolate-oblong,
acuminated, glabrous, as well as the branches ; bracteas subu-
late, slowly deciduous. Tj . S. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic; and of Malabar, if Rheede's Curuta Pala, nial. 1. p.
S'J, t. 46, be the same which is T. alternifolia, Lin. in which there
is not a specimen in his herbarium. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Follicles yellow, ex Rheede.
Eastern Tabernaemontana. Shrub 6 feet.
2 T. pube'scens (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
sub-acuminated, downy beneath, as well as the branchlets ;
branches of cyme erect, and are, as well as the calyxes, pilose ;
bracteas very minute, caducous. I2 . S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic.
Down?/ Tabernsemontana. Shrub.
3 T. EBRACTEATA (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves oval or
elliptic, and are, as well as the cymes, downy ; branches and
peduncles spreading, bractless. Ij . S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic.
Bractless Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
* * Natives of South America, and the West India Islands.
4 T. ciTRiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 210.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
glabrous ; flowers in sub-umbellate, axillary fascicles, towards
the tops of the branches. fj . S. Native of Jamaica, and other
West India Islands. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1244, exclusive of the
syn. of Jacq. Lam. ill. t. 170. f. 1.— Plum. icon. t. 248. f. 2.
Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers beautiful yellow, sweet-
scented. Segments of corolla narrow, elongated, bluntish.
Teeth of calyx acute. Follicles acuminated, recurved.
CJ<ro«-/eflwerf Tabernsemontana. Clt. 1784. Tree 15 feet.
5 T. a'iba (Mill. diet. no. 2.) leaves oblong ovate, acumi-
nated, shining, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, large. Ij . S.
Native of Martinico, in woods, and the adjacent continent. T.
citrifolia, Jacq. amer. 38. Leaves 5 inches long, and \\ inch
broad. Flowers white, sweet-scented, like those of a Jasminum.
CF/H/f-flowered Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1780.
Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
6 T. laurifolia (Lin. spec. 2. p. 210.) leaves ovate or oval,
bluntish, glabrous ; flowers lateral, subumbellate. Ij . S. Na-
tive of St. Domingo, Jamaica, on the banks of rivers. Jacq.
amer. p. 39. pict. p. 25. Ker. hot. reg. 716. — Sloane, hist. 2. p.
62. 1. 186. f. 2. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 2. p. 72. Flowers
small, yellow, sweet-scented. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2
broad. Linnaeus cites under this species T. laurifoliam, flore
albo, fructu rotundiore, Amm. herb. 212, which probably belongs
to the preceding species.
Laurel-leaved Tabernsemontana. Fl. May. Clt. 1768. Shrub
5 to 10 feet.
7 T. odora'ta (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 22. Poir. diet. 7. p.
532.) leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminated, reti-
culately veined, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, and in the forks of
the branches, f; . S. Native of Guiana and Surinam. Cameraria
Tamaquarina, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 260. t. 102. Camer&ria litea,
a. Lam. diet. 1. p. 566. Pedicels bractless. Calycine segments
subulate. Segments of the corolla linear-lanceolate, ex Vahl.
Flowers corymbose, in the forks of the branches, large, yellow,
sweet-scented, ex Aubl.
Sweet-scented Tabernaemontana. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1793.
Shrub 4 feet.
8 T. echina'ta (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 263. t. 103.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, somewhat undulated, clothed with fine
white tomentum beneath ; flowers terminal, almost sessile,
10-12 in each fascicle: each flower furnished with a small, scale-
like bractea ; follicles echinated by soft tubercles. It . S. Na-
tive of Guiana. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 2 broad. Flowers
sweet-scented. Calyx white, 5-toothed. Corolla seated on a
yellow disk, with a red margin, and dotted with red ; lobes of
limb large, yellowish, undulated, acute. Follicles yellow, ovate.
Teeth of calyx small, acute. Perhaps a distinct genus.
Echinated Tabernajmontana. Shrub 4-5 feet.
9 T. fascicula'ta (Poir diet. 5. p. 531. no. 14.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, nerved, glabrous, shining above ; flowers lateral
towards the tops of the branches, axillary, numerous, in fascicles,
inclining to a short, sub-umbellate corymb ; branches opposite,
articulated, sub-dichotomous ; bracteas very short, caducous.
Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves almost lanceolate, blunt at
the apex, rufescent beneath, 2-3 inches long, with parallel nerves
confluent to the margin. Teeth of calyx short, obtuse. Corollas
small ; segments of the limb narrow, obtuse. Allied to T.
muricata.
i^a«cic/ec?-flowered Tabernsemontana. Shrub.
10 T. ripa'ria (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 228.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, with undulated margins ;
peduncles dichotomous, few-flowered ; calycine segments elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, undulated, 3 times shorter than the tube of the
corolla; segments of corolla obovate, roundish, oblique. f; . S.
Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena,
near El Peron, in shady places. Leaves membranous, glandless
at the base, 4 to 4^ inches long. Corolla yellow. Ovaria
girded by a fleshy ring.
River-side Taberna?montana. Fl. May. Tree 20 feet.
11 T. litora'lis (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic-oblong, sub -acuminated ; peduncles sub-dichotomous,
few-flowered ; calycine segments elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 4 or
5 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla
dimidiately obovate, roundish. Ij. S. Native of Mexico, near
Campeche, on the sea-shore. This species differs from T.
riparia, in the flowers being twice the size, and in the structure
of the calyx.
Shore Tabernsemontana. Tree.
12 T. heterophy'lla (Vahl. eel. amer. 2. p. 22.) leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, and somewhat cordate, sub-undulated, acu-
minated, glabrous ; peduncles in the forks and tops of the
branches, glabrous, 5-7-flowered, racemose ; bracteas minute,
twin at the base of each pedicel. T; . S. Native of Cayenne.
T. echinata, Rohr. mss. from which name the follicles are pro-
bably echinated. Leaves petiolate and sessile. Pedicels alter-
nate. Calycine segments linear lanceolate. Corolla f an inch
long, with some silky hairs in the throat ; segments of the limb
lanceolate, obtuse.
Variable-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
13 T. GRANmpLORA (Jacq. amer. 40. t. 31. ed. pict. p. 25. t.
41.) leaves oval, attenuated at both ends, acute, glabrous,
shining, unequal in size; peduncles irregular, 2- 3-flowered at
the sides of the ultimate bifurcations; calyxes unequal; stem
dichotomous. fj . S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Lin.
mant. p. 53. Lam. ill. t. 170. f. 2. Flowers white, scentless,
larger than those of other species of the genus. Calycine seg-
APOCYNE^. XXIX. Tabern^montana.
89
ments unequal, flat, white ; the outer 3 very large and cordate,
and the inner 3 oblong, narrow. Corolla twisted above the
calyx, with a very wide limb. Follicles roundish- ovate, acumi-
nated.
Grcal-flowered Tabernaemontana. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 to 8
feet.
14 T. CYMOSA (Jacq. anier. 39. t. 181. f. 14. ed. pict. p. 25.
t. 2j9. f. 10.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous; cymes
large, axillary, dense, convex. fj • ■'• Native of Carthagena,
in woods. An elegant tree, with beautiful cymes of whitish,
scentless flowers. Calycine segments oblong-lanceolate. Co-
rolla with a 5-angled, ventricose tube. Follicles reddish, oblong,
obtuse, recui ved.
C^jHOsc-flowered Tabernaemontana. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree
10 to 15 feet.
15 T. AMYGDALiFOLiA (Jacq. amer. ti9. t. 181. f. 15. ed pict.
p. 25. t. 259. f. 11.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, shining ; peduncles
few-flowered ; stamens exceeding the tube of the corolla. f; .
S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Ker. bot. reg. 338.
Flowers white, very sweit-scented. Follicles ovate or oblong,
green, shining, acuminated.
^/wo«f/-/eai)erf Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1780.
Shrub 6 feet.
16 T. DISCOLOR (Swartz, prod. p. 52. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 535.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered ;
branches terete, dichotomous ; branchlets tetragonal. ^ . S.
Native of Jamaica, among bushes. Pedicels longer than the
peduncles. Corolla cream-coloured, having the tube ventricose
in the base and middle ; segments of the limb roundish, undu-
lated. Calycine segments acute. Stigma capitate.
7'H'o-co/o»rerf Tabernaemontana. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822.
Shrub 5 to 0 feet.
17 T. NERiiFOLiA (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 21.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous ; peduncles solitary, few-
flowered, sub-racemose ; bractcas minute, linear, deciduous.
I; . S. Native of Porto Rico. Very nearly allied to T. persi-
ccefblia. Leaves 2-3 inches long, paler beneath. Calycine seg-
ments oblong, acute. Segments of corolla wedge-shaped, gla-
brous, hardly downy at the base, inside. Anthers beaked, ex-
ceeding the tube of the corolla.
0/eanrfer-/ea!)f(/ Tabernaemontana. Shrub 10 feet.
18 T. arcua'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. 2. p. 22. t. 143.) leaves
obovate-oblong, acuminated ; corymbs by threes, many-flowered,
lateral and axillary ; bracteas small, ovate, acute. \ . S. Na-
tive of Peru, in forests, at Pozuzo. Branches dichotomous.
Calyx campanulate, with acute teeth. Corolla creain-coloured,
with an inflated tube, which is globose at the base ; segments of
the limb large, ovate-ronndish. Follicles arched, acuminated,
rufescent. Seeds and pulp red.
,-^rcAe(/-follicled Tabernffimontana. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 to
40 feet.
19 T. Sana'nho (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 22. t. 141.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, shining, glabrous ; corymbs lateral
and terminal, 4-5 times divided ; bracteas roundish, cordate.
\^ . S. Native of Peru, in forests. Leaves G-8 inches long, un-
dulated. Calycine teeth obtuse. Corolla large, cream-coloured :
with a very lon^r, angularly striated tube. Follicles obovate-
roundisli, acuminated, white, size of an Apricot.
.?nnrtn//o Taberna^monlaua. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
20 T. undula'ta (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 20.) leaves lanceo-
late-elliptic, acuminated, undulated, glabrous; peduncles first
terminal, then axillary, bifid, sub-cymose. Ij . S. Native of
Trinidad. Leaves 5 inches long. Calycine segments thick.
Corolla orange-coloured, with a terete tube, widened at the top ;
segments of the limb linear, obtuse, incurved, conduplicate at
the sides ; throat glabrous. There is a hypogynous, glandular
VOL. IV.
ring, girding the ovarium. Anthers linear, very narrow, almost
sessile, inclosed. Stigma capitate, mucronate, girded by a minute
membrane at the base. Follicles reflexcd, a little incurved at
both ends, oblong-triquetrous.
U>idiilated-\caved Tabernaemontana. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1824. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
21 T. Meye'ri ; leaves oblong, ending in a linear, obtuse acu-
men, tapering into the petioles at the base, glabrous ; flowers
terminal ; ovarium not girded by any scales, nor a glandular
ring. (j . S. Native of Essequibo. T. undulata, Meyer, ess.
p. 135. Calycine segments unequal, obtuse. Corolla with a
downy throat.
Meyer's Tabernasmontana. Tree.
22 T. spEciosA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 275.) leaves large, lanceo-
late, acuminated, nerved beneath ; corymbs axillary, many-
flowered. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. In the leaves this spe-
cies is like T. macrophijlla. Leaves membranous, 8-10 inches
long, acute at the base. Calycine segments obtuse. Corolla
red, with a cylindrical tube ; segments of the limb ovate, much
shorter than the tube.
Showy Tabernaemontana. Tree or shrub.
23 T. POPULiFOLiA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves broad-
ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers small, disposed in nearly
terminal, panicled cymes ; bracteas ovate, acute, upper ones sub-
ulate, f; . S. Native of South America. Leaves 1^ to 2
inches long, acute at the base. Branches of panicle very short.
Corollas vvliite, small, hardly twice longer than the calyx, which
is short.
Poplar-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
24 T. MACRePHYLLA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves ovate,
obtuse, glabrous ; flowers cymose ; cyme trifid at bottom, sub-
umbellate, axillary : bracteas small, scale-like. Ij . S. Native
of Cayenne. T. Cestroides, Nees, in act. bonn. 11. p. 83.
Leaves 2 inches long, and 3 lines broad, bluntly acuminated, with
a small mucrone. Peduncles opposite. Corollas white, with
linear-oblong, obtuse segments, which are longer than the tube.
Calycine segments short, obtuse.
Lung-leaved I'abernsemontana. Shrub or tree.
25 T. PARVIFLORA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute, glabrous ; flowers small, terminal, cymosely um-
bellate ; bracteas scale-like, scarious. fj . S. Native of South
America. Leaves 2 inches long, deep green above, but greenish
yellow beneath. Pedicels furnished with a short, scarious scale
at the base of each.
SntaU-Jluwered Tabernaemontana. Shrub.
26 T. coria'cea (Link, herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, sjst. 4.
p. 431.) leaves glabrous, oval, obtuse, somewhat acuminated,
furnished with impressed dots beneath ; cymes dichotomous, in
the forks of the branches. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Branch-
lets bearing 2 leaves at the apex. Calycine teeth roundish,
obtuse. Corolla having the tube nearly an inch long, and the
segments obtuse.
Coriaceous-\(dd\eA Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
27 T. MULTIFLORA (Link, 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, sub-repand, glabrous ; panicles dichoiomous in the
forks of the branches. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves 3-4
inches long, and ll broad. Tube of corolla 3 times longer than
the calyx. Segments ovate, obtuse, much shorter than the tube.
Mnny-Jloncred Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
28 ']'. murica'ta (Link. I. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated,
with hullately elevated veins beneath, and impressed dots, and
with sub-repand margins ; flo vers cymose. tj . S. Native of
Brazil. Leaves a span long. Calycine teeth short, obtuse.
Corolla having the tube almost an inch long, filiform ; and ob-
long segments. Follicles muricatcd.
Murieated Tabernsmontana. Shrub or tree.
N
90
APOCYNEiE. XXIX. Tabern^moniana.
29 T. FLAvicANs (Willil. herb. e.\ Roem. et Schulles, syst. 4.
p. 797.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, bluntisli, glabrous, ta-
pering at both ends ; peduncles racemose, 3-4-flowered, scaly.
It . S. Native of Brazil. Corolla ^^ inch long.
Yellowish Tabernscmontana. Shrub or tree.
30 T. flave'scens (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated ; flowers umbellate. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves
broader, and less acuminated than those of T. Jlavlcans : having
woody, scaly buds in the axils of the leaves, from which nume-
rous 1- flowered pedicels rise.
Yellonish Tabernsemontana. Shrub or tree.
f Calyx deciduous. Styles S, distinct. The species contained
in this division mill j^^'obably form a new genus. Leaves
glandless at the base.
31 T. JASMiNOiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p
225.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, sub-acuminated ; corymbs di-
chotomous, many-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, bluntisli,
4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of co-
rolla obovate-oblong, roundish, curled, h . S. Native of New
Granada, near Turbaco, where it is called Jasminillo ; and
Cumana, where it is called Lyrio del Monte. Rauwolfia laevi-
gata, Wilkl. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 105.
Leaves membranous, 3-4 inches long. Flowers size of those
of Jasmine, white. Ovarium girded by glands.
Jasmine-like Taberucemontana. Fl. June. Tree or shrub.
32 T. UMBROSA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 22C.) glabrous;
leaves elliptic-oblong, acute; corymbs sub-dichotomous; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, acute, 5-6 times shorter than the tube
of the corolla ; segments of corolla dimidiately obovate, roundish.
fj . S. Native of New Andalusia, in sliady places, near Bor-
dones and Cumanacoa. Leaves membranous, 'Z~ inches long.
Flowers white. Ovaria girded by 5 scale-formed, parted glands.
This difltrs from the preceding in the form of the leaves and calyx.
iSViarferf Tabernajmontaiia. Fi. Sept. Tree.
3H T. PSYCHOTRioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 227.) glabrous;
leaves obovate, acute ; peduncles dichotomous, corymbosely
crowded; calycine segments lanceolate, G-7 times shorter than
the tube of the corolla, recurved at the apex ; segments of co-
rolla half obovate, curled. Ij . S. Native along with the pre-
ceding. Branchlets whitish. Leaves 3^ inches long. Flowers
white, about the size of those of Jasmlnum friiticans. Ovaria
lagenaeform.
Psychotria-like Tabernaemontana. Tree ?
34 T. tetrasta'chya (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) glabrous ;
leaves oblong, acuminated, with obsoletely repand, undulated
edges ; peduncles dichotomous, of 4 spikes ; calycine segments
somewhat orbicularly- ovate, rounded at apex, 4 or 5 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla ob-
liquely oblong. tj . S. Native of New Granada, on the banks
of the river Magdalena, between Morales and Tenerifl^e. Leaves
membranous, (j-7 inches long, and 2 or 2|^ broad. Flowers
while, about the size of those of Jasmmum officinale. Scales
many, in the bottom of the calyx. Said to be nearly allied to
T. Sananlio, Ruiz, et Pav.
foMr-ipj/rec/Tabernajniontana. Fl. April. Tree.
* * * Species natives of the African Islands.
35 T. persicari.efolia (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 139. icon. t. 320.)
leaves long, lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; pe-
duncles axillary, many-flowered, dichotomous; bracteas small,
lanceolate, acute. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, pale green, sub-undulated : with white veins.
Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla cream-coloured,
having the tube contracted in the middle, and the limb reflexed ;
segments of the limb wedge-shaped, undulated, oblique.
Persicaria-leaved Tabernxmontana. Clt. 1S19. Tree 10 ft.
30 T. Mauritia^na (Poir. diet. 7. p. 530.) leaves ovate, ob-
tuse, membranou , glabrous; flowers in a.xillary racemes ; ra-
cemes articulated, brittle, very short, drooping a little, and a
little branched ; corolla funnel-shaped. fj . S. Native of the
Mauritius, and the East Indies. Branches beset with small
white tubercles. Leaves rounded at both ends, shining above,
and paler beneath, and hardly downy, soft to the touch, 3-4
inches long, and 2,V broad. Calycine segments obtuse. Corolla
cream-coloured ; tube narrow in the middle, and inflated at both
ends ; lobes obtuse.
Mauritian Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
37 T. Telfairia'na (Wall, in hot. reg. under no. 1273.)
leaves oval, very blunt at both ends ; peduncles sub-axillary,
twice or thrice forked ; calycine segments oval, bluntish ; seg-
ments of corolla oblong, about equal in length to the tube. Ij .
S. Native of the Mauritius. Probably different from T.
Mauritidna.
Telfair s Tabernaemontana. Shrub.
38 T. obtusifolia (Poir. suppl. 5. p, 276.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, cuneated at the base, and rounded at the apex ;
flowers racemose. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves
nearly 8 inches long, and 2 broad, glabrous, thin. Corolla
tubular ; segments ovate, acute, a little recurved.
Obtuse-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
* * * * Species native of New Guinea.
39 T. Panda'cqui (Poir. diet. 7. p. 529.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, glabrous, acuminated ; corymbs axillary, sub-umbellate.
f; . S. Native of New Guinea. Pandacqui, Sunn. voy. en
guin. p. 49. t. 1 9. Leaves membranous, nearly 3 inches long,
with arched yellowish nerves. Flowers white. Calycine seg-
ments obtuse. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, and short, linear
segments. Style bifurcate at the base.
Pandacqui Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
***** Natives of Asia.
40 T. bufalina (Lour. coch. 117.) leaves lanceolate, shining;
peduncles 1 -flowered, pendulous. H . G. Native of Cochin-
china. Corolla with a long, slender, cylindrical tube, which is
ventricose at the base. Follicles rather ventricose, divaricate,
acuminated, torulose, resembling buffalos' horns. Seeds im-
bedded in red pulp.
Buffalo's Tabcrn£emontana. Shrub 5 feet.
41 T. bovIna (Lour. coch. 117.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous;
peduncles axillary, solitary, many-flowered. fj . G. Native
of Cochinchina. Branches reclinate. Flowers white. Follicles
horizontal, recurved, short, ventricose, acuminated, resembling
oxen's horns. Seeds imbedded in red pulp.
Ox's Tabernaemontana. Shrub 4 feet.
42 T. corona'ria (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d vol. 2. p.
72. Willd. enum. 1. p. 275.) leaves elliptic or oblong, bluntly
acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles from the forks of the branches
twin, 1-3-flowered ; bracteas deciduous ; calycine teeth very
short, rounded ; anthers exserted ; stigma undivid< d ; follicles
torulose. f; . S. Native of the East Indies, every where, in
gardens ; but seemingly wild, according to Wallich, in the
forestsof Lower Nipaul, about the Hetounda ; and of Singapore.
Nerium divaricatum, Lin. fl. zeyl. 109. Willd. spec. 1236.
Nerium coron'^rium. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p 297. Jacq. icon. rar.
1. t. 52. coll. 1. p. 269. no. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 406.— Burm.
fl. zeyl. 129. t. 59.— Rumph. amb. 4. p. 87. t. 39.— Rheed.
mal. 2. p. 105. t. 54, 55. Flowers pure white, very sweet-
scented, with a yellowish tube. There is a double-flowering
variety of it, see bot. mag. 1865. Tbe Nerium divaricatum,
Thunb. jap. p. 110, is very different from this, and does
APOCYNE;E. XXIX. Tabernjemontana.
91
hot belong to the present genus, nor even probably to the
order.
Garland Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1770.
Shrub 4 10 6 feet.
43 T. ? divarica'ta ; leaves ovate, undulated, shining ;
branches divaricate ; flowers croivded, terminal. ^^.G. Native
of Cochinchina. Nerium divaricatum. Lour, coch, p. 115., but
not of Lin. Flowers reddish yellow. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with a short tube, and a reflexed limb. Corona in the throat of
the tube composed of short subulate segments. Anthers con-
niving into a cone in the throat. Stigma ovate. Follicles long,
joined a little at the base, erect. Seeds pappose.
Z)!i)aric«(e-branclied Tabernaemontana. Tree small.
44 T. recu'rva (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 2. fl. ind. 1. p. 20.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, imdulated, glabrous; calycine teeth ovate;
segments of corolla convex, of two forms, crenulated ; cymes
divaricate ; flowers drooping. h . S. Native of the East
Indies. T. gratissima, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1084. Flowers
whitish-yellow, sweet-scented. Like T. coronarium.
Beciirred-ftowcred Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt.
1824. Tree small.
45 T. DENsiFLoRA (Wall, in bol. reg. t. 1273.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated, approximate, sometimes 3 in a whorl ;
cymes many-flowered, on short peduncles ; calycine segments
and bracteas linear-lanceolate, acute ; limb of corolla about
equal in length to the tube ; follicles 1 -seeded. Pj . S. Native
of the East Indies. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Dense-Jloivered Tabernaemontana. Fl. June. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
46 T. cRisPA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 20. fl. ind. 1. p. 24.)
leaves oblong, undulated ; peduncles few-flowered ; pedicels
elongated ; calyx deeply 5-parted ; segments broad-ovate, fo-
liaceous. ^^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps Curata-
Pala, Rlieed. mal.
Cwr/crf-leavcd Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
47 T. DicHOTOMA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 20. fl. ind. 1. p. 21.)
leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, .shining, with many parallel
nerves beneath ; cymes elongated, dichotomous ; calycine seg-
ments obtuse; segments of corolla oblong-falcate, about equal
in length to the tube. ^i . S. Native of Ceylon ^nd Malabar.
Flowers yellowish, delightfully fragrant.
Dichotomous Tabernaemontana. Tree 12 to 16 feet.
48 T. PAuciFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, long-acuminated, membranous, glabrous ; fascicles
of flowers twin, bifid, few-flowered, furnished with setaceous
bracteoles ; segments of corolla obliquely rounded, flat. Jj . S.
Native of Java, among bushes, about Rompien. Allied to T.
Jloribunda.
FcTv-fiowcred Tabernaemontana. Fl. year. Tree.
id T. FLORiBUNDA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves oblong,
blnntish at the apex, acute at the base, membranous, glabrous ;
corymbs twin, dichotomous, divaricate, many-flowered, bractless ;
corolline segments obtuse, sub-undulated. I7 . S. Native of
Java, on the mountains, where it is called Susu-monding. Al-
lied to T. d'waricata.
liinid/e-Jlon ( red Tahernsemontana. Fl. year. Tree.
50 T. coRYMBosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1 . p.25. Wall, in bot. reg. under
no. 1273.) leaves oblong-elliptic, bluntly acuminated, attenuated
upwards; cymes many-flowered, on long peduncles; calycine
segments ovate, acutish ; segments of corolla somewhat obovate,
and 3 times shorter than the tube, H . S. Native of Prince of
Wales Island.
Corymho.se Taberneemontana. Tree or shrub.
51 T. Heynea'na (Wall. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated ; peduncles few -flowered ; calycine segments obtuse ;
segments of corolla obovate-curled, about equal in length to the
tube. J; . S. Native of the East Indies. T. cori/mbusa and 7\
oblonga, Heyne, mss.
Heyne's Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
52 T. peduncula'ris (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
ending in a very slender acumen, transversely nerved beneath ;
peduncles filiform, very long ; pedicels sub-umbellate ; follicles
pedicellate, ovate, a little beaked. Pj . S. Native of Pulo-
Penang.
Peduncular Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
53 T. guaciliflora (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, sub-caudattly
acuminated ; peduncles axillary, very long ; flowers sub-race-
mose ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong,
and 3 times shorter than the tube, which is very slender, H .
S. Native of Martaban, in Moolmeyne ; and Amherst.
Slcndcr-Jlorvered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
54 T. cALYciNA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate ; peduncles
few-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels, sub-fasciculate; calycine
segments and bracteas at length decaying or falling ofl'', elon-
gated and linear ; lobes of corolla lanceolate, one half shorter
than the tube. fj . S. Native of Tavoy, on the coast of
Tenasserin.
Lrirge-cali/xed Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
55 T. rostra^ta (Wall. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, with a very
slender acumen ; peduncles few-flowered ; calycine segments
sub-ligulate ; tube of corolla slender, tumid, and bearing the
stamens in the middle, longer than the limb ; follicles ob-
long, bi-carinated above, and attenuately beaked. Ij. S. Native
of the East Indies, on the lime hills of Segaen.
Beaked Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
56 T. subcafita'ta (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate;
peduncles slender, with many crowded flowers at the apex ;
pedicels short ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; segments of
corolla nearly ovate, about equal in length to the tube. fj . S.
Native of the East Indies.
S'ub-capi/ate-f\o\\ered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
57 T. microca'rpa (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated ;
jieduncles few-flowered, in fascicles; follicles sessile, ovate, 1-
seeded. h . S. Native of the Burmese Empire, on the moun-
tains called Taong Dong, near Ava. This, with T. macrocarpa.
Jack., may form a distinct genus, from the follicles being 1-seeded.
Small-fruited Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
58 T. sALiciFOLiA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, at-
tenuately acuminated, with undulated edges, glaucous beneath ;
calycine segments lanceolate, acute. ^ . S. Native of the
East Indies. T. parviflora, Heyne, herb.
WtUow-lcaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
59 T. macroca'rpa (Jack, m mal. misc. 2. no. 8. p. 80.)
leaves ovate-elliptic, attentiated at the base ; corymbs terminal,
dichotomous; follicles large, nearly globose, 1-seeded. J; . S.
Native of Bencoolen.
Large-fruited Tabernaemontana. Tree large.
60 T. spii.eroca'rpa (Blum, bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves elliptic,
oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, one
smaller than the other ; corymbs twin, dichotomous, cymosely
many-flowered, bracteolate ; segments of corolla rounded, undu-
lated ; fruit apple-shaped. I7 . S. Native of J.ava, among
bushes, about Linga Jattie, in the province of Cheribon, where
it is called H anij)ru-badak .
Round-fruited Tabernaemontana. Fl. Oct. Tree.
61 T.? nervosa (Desf. hort. par. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 275.)
leaves oblong, obtuse, much nerved, tj . S. Native of the East
Indies. Flowers unknown.
A^fjiicrf-leaved Taberna;montana. Shrub or tree.
02 T. PARViiioRA (Nouv. ann. mus. 3. p. 379.) leaves ui,-
equal, lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous, on short petioles ;
N 2
92
APOCYNE^. XXX. Cameraria. XXXI. Vahea. XXXII. Voacanga. XXXIII. Rejoua.
cymes sub-dichotomous, pedunculate, many-flowered ; calycine
segments ovate, obtuse ; segments of corolla oblong, oblique ;
follicles 2-seeded, ovate, beaked, fulvous. H . S. Native of
the Island of Timor. Corolla white. Cotyledons bipartite, as
in the genus Amsynkia in the order Boraginece.
Small -flowered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree.
f The three following are doubtful species of the genus, in the
glands at the base of the calyx girding the ovarium beyond
the corolla and hi)pogynous ring.
63 T. VERRUCOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1029.) stem climbing;
branches warted ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ;
peduncles axillary, umbellately trifid at the apex. ^ . S. Na-
tive of Java, in woods, on Mount Salak.
/raWcrf-branched Tabernaemontana. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl.
64. T. polya'ntiia (Blum, bijdr. p. 1029.) climbing; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers disposed in
panicled fascicles, axillary and terminal, small, b . ^. S. Na-
tive of Java, on Mount Salak, and the Seribu mountains, where
it is called Tjunkankan.
Many-flowered Tabernasmontana. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl.
65 T. orienia'lis (Blum, bijdr. 1026.) stem sarmentose ;
leaves lanceolate, parallel- veined, glabrous; cymes compound,
axillary ; crown of the throat furrowed. Ij . S. Native of
Java, on Mount Salak, in woods ; and of the Island of Nusae-
Kambanga.
Eastern Tabernasmontana. Shrub straggling.
-f- f Doubtful species.
66 T. ? Lu^ciDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 209.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the apex, cu-
neately narrowed at the base ; corymbs dichotomous ; calyx
small, with ovate, obtuse segments. Ij.S. Native of South
America. Psychotria ? lijcida, Roem. et Sehultes, syst. 4. p.
189. Branches rather compressed. Leaves 3-3|^ inches long.
Corolla funnel-shapid, white ; segments oblong, revolute at the
apex. Berry edible, fleshy, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds oblong,
convex on one side, and flat on the other.
Shining-\ea.\iA Tabernaemontana. Tree 20 feet.
Ctdt. Shrubs and trees of easy culture ; some of them very
elegant when in flower ; and the flowers of all are fragrant.
The soil best suited for them is a mixture of loam, sand, and
peat ; and cuttings of them strike root readily in sand, under a
hand-glass, in heat.
XXX. CAMERA'RIA (so named by Plumier, from Joachim
Camerarius, a physician and botanist of Nuremberg, who pub-
lished an edition of Matthiolus in Latin and German, with
new figures and many observations). Plum. gen. 18. t. 29.,
Lin. gen. no. 300. Juss. 115. Lam. ill. 173.
LiN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, 5-tootlied,
acute. Corolla of a funnel-salver shape ; tube long, cylindrical,
ventricose at the base and ajjex ; segments of the limb une(pial-
sided. Stamens inserted at the tube ; anthers acuminated, con-
nivent, drawn out into a thread. Style hardly any ; stigmas
obsolete. Follicles 2, reflexed, horizontal, obtuse, emitting
a lobe on each side at the base. Seeds numerous, inserted
in a i)eculiar membrane. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite.
Peduncles axillary, and in the forks of the branches 1 or many-
flowered. Flowers beautiful yellow.
1 C. LATiFOLiA (Jacq. amer. p. 37 t. 182. f. 86. edit. pict.
p. 24. t. 39.) leaves ovate, acute, shining ; flowers terminal, co-
rymbose, fj . S. Native of Cuba, Jamaica, and St. Domingo.
Andr. bot. rep. t. 261. Tratt. tab. t. 715. Lam. ill. t. 173. fr2.
Plum. icon. t. 72. f. 1. An elegant tree, with forked branches.
Corollas white, with a yellow base.
Broad-leaved Camerarxa. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1733. Tr. 20 to 30 ft.
2 C. ANOusTiFOLiA (Lin. spec. p. 308.) leaves linear. I7 . S.
Native of South America. Lam. ill. t. 173. f. 3. Plum. icon.
t. 72. f. 2. Mill. diet. no. 2. Flowers and fruit as in C. lati-
folia, but smaller, as is the whole plant.
Narro7v-leaved Cameraria. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. 8 ft.
3 C. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 262.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, glabrous; flowers small, axillary, sweet-scented.
(^ . S. Native of Guiana. C. lutea ft, Lam. diet. 1. p. 573.
Guiana Cameraria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana.
XXXI. VA'HEA (meaning unknown to us). Lam. ill. t. 169.
Poir. suppl. 5. p. 409. Urce6!a, Roxb. in asiat. res. 5. p. 167.
but not of Vandelli.
LiN. sYST. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with an elongated tube, which is ventri-
cose at the base, and a S-cleft limb ; segments twisted (ex Lam.
ill. t. 169.) Corolla urceolate. Ovarium girded by a cylin-
drical entire urceolus. Stamens inserted in the bottom of the
corolla; anthers sagittate. Follicles 2, 1-celled, 2-valved.
Seeds numerous, imbedded in pulp. Roxb. asiat. res. 5. p. 167.
Spreng. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1800. 2. p. 236 — A glabrous
tree or shrub, with terete branches, opposite leaves, and terminal
cymes of flowers.
1 V. GUMMiFERA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 409.). Jj . ^. ? S.
Native of Madagascar and the East Indies. Urceola elastica,
Roxb. asiat. res. 5. p. 167. 175. ? Tabernaemontana elastica,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 639. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-obovate,
obtuse, shining, nerved, quite entire, 2 inches long. Bracteas
small, at the base of the pedicels (ex Poir.). Shrub climbing.
Leaves ovate, acuminated, ribbed. Flowers panicled. Tl)e
juice which comes from this shrub is one of those which con-
stitute India rubber or caoutchouc.
Gum-bearing Vahea. Shrub cl. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana.
XXXII. VOACA'NGA (meaning unknown to us). Pet.Th.
gen. mad. no. 32.
Lin. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx of 5 involute
segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a spreading, twisted
limb, and broad segments. Anthers sessile, sagittate, inserted
in the throat of the corolla. Ovarium didymous, seated on a
fleshy receptacle. Style short ; stigma double ; lower one pel-
tate : upper one 3-lobed ; with 2 tubercles at top. Follicles 2,
baccate, spherical, large. Seeds numerous, nestling in pulp. —
A tree, with large, opposite leaves. Flowers disposed in ter-
minal, corymbose panicles. Fruit variegated from warts.
1 V. 1 houa'rsii (Roem. et Sehultes, syst. 4. p. 439.). I^ . S.
Native of Madagascar.
Petit Thouars' Voacanga. Tree.
Cult- For culture and propagation see TabcrncEmoidana.
XXXIII. REJOU'A (named in honour of M. Rej.m, chief
physician and professor of botany and chemistry of the Marine
of FVance; author of many important memoires on the secre-
tion of vegetables). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. part. bot. p. 450.
pi. 61.
Lin. SYST. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla salver-shaped, with an elongated tube, which is inflated
beneath the middle, bearing stamens every where inside ; limb
5-parted, spreading much ; segments obliquely ovate, equal,
shorter than the tube. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short ; an-
thers cordate-sagittate, fixed by their base, free, inclosed.
Ovaria twin. Styles 2, combined ; stigma sub-clavatc, bicus-
pidate at apex. Fruit roundish-elliptic, sub-umbilicate, many-
seeded, not dehiscent ; rind membranous ; pulp dry, cellular
APOCYNE/E. XXXIV. Orchipeda. XXXV. Plumiera.
93
shining. Seeds nestlins; in the pulp, ovate, compressed, wrin-
kled, bay-coloured externally. — An unarmed tree. Leaves
opposite, oblong-laiicenlate, membranous. Panicles terminal,
pedunculate, bractcate. Flowers scattered, greenish white.
Fruit large, of a reddish orange colour, and of the shape of an
orange.
1 R. AURANTiACA (Gaud. 1. c. p. 451. t. (51.). I; . S. Native
of the Moluccas, in the island of Raddak. Tabernnemontana
auranliaca. Gaud. gen. p. .50. and 55.
Oraji^e-fruited Rejoua. Tree.
Cult. See Taberneemontatm, p. 92. for culture and propagation.
XXXIV. ORCHIPFDA (meaning unknown to us). Blume,
bijdr. p. 10J6.
LiN. SY>T. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, deci-
duous ; limb bluntly 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped : having
the throat half closed inside by a tumid ring ; tube length of
calyx, inflated in the middle ; limb spreading, 5-lobed. Sta-
mens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering to the stigma.
Ovarium didymous, girded by a ring. Style 1 ; stigma conical,
5-angled: with 2 notches at top. Drupes twin, fleshy, globose,
1 -celled, pulpy inside, dehiscing at the side. Seeds numerous,
wrinkled, convolutely 2-lobed at one side. Albumen fleshy.
Cotyledons foliaceous. — A tree, with opposite, oblong, glabrous,
leaves ; and lateral and terminal, bifid, few-flowered peduncles.
1 O. FfE'TiDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1027.). f; . S. Native of
Java, among bushes on the mountains, where it is called Hampru-
badak.
Fetid Ochipeda. Fl. year. Tree.
Cull. See Tabernnemontana, p. 92. for culture and propagation.
XXXV. PLUMIE'RA (so named by Tournefort, in honour
of Charles Plumier, of Marseilles, a Franciscan traveller in
South America, and author of several excellent works, as Plantae
Americanse, 1693, and by Burmann in 1755.; Genera, 170.'!;
Fougeres Americaines, 1705, &c.). Tourn. coral, t. 439. Ijin.
gen. 298. Juss. 45. Lam. ill. t. 173. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted,
blunt. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long, slender tube ; seg-
ments of the limb oblong, unequal-sided : throat scaleless.
Stamens inserted in the middle or base of the tube of the co-
rolla, inclosed, free ; anthers connivent. Style hardly any ;
stigma thick, emarginate ; ovaria 2, immersed in a fleshy ring.
Follicles 2, long, acuminated, ventricose, spreading or bent up-
wards. Seeds numerous, oblong, imbricated, ending in a peculiar
membrane at the base. — Trees or shrubs, with thick, fleshy
branches. Leaves alternate, forming tufts at the tops of the
branches. Peduncles terminal, corymbose. Flowers showy.
1 P. ru'bra (Jacq. amer. p. 35. pict. p. 23. Lin. hort.
cliflf. p. 76. spec. 306.) leaves obovate-oblong, acute, with flat
edges, glabrous ; peduncles elongated, trifid ; flowers crowded
in fascicles ; corollas red. h . S. Native of Jamaica, Surinam,
and the main land of South America. Curt. bot. mag. t. 279.
— Cate-sb. car. 2. t. 9'.'. — -Ehret. pict. t. 10. Trew. ehret. t. 41.
—Sloan, hist. 2. p. 61. t. 185. f. 1. and t. 186. f. 1.— Merian,
surin. t. 8.— Plukn. aim. 109. t. 207. f. 2. Peduncles downy.
Corolla red, with a pilose throat, and obliquely obovate-oblong
segments, which are rounded at the apex. The flowers are so
sweet as well as beautiful, that the women of South America
adorn themselves with them, and put them among linen to scent
it, as we do lavender. It is called by the French in the West
Indies Frangipanie ronge.
Ped-noneied Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Tree
12 to 20 feet.
2 P. ? arbore'scens ; leaves ovate-oblong, flat ; petioles
biglandular ; flowers twin, disposed in terminal spikes. V^ . S.
Native of Jamaica. — Lin. hort. cliff, p. 76. Brown, jam. p.
181. Flowers red.
Arborescent Plumiera. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
3 P. PURPUREA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 20. t. 137.) leaves
oblong-ovate, with revolute edges ; flowers terminal, cymose ;
corollas reddish purple. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in gardens.
Petioles biglandular. Corollas sweet-scented, purple, with a
yellow hairy throat, smaller than the other species. Perhaps P.
incarnala, P. carinata, and P. tricolor are only varieties of P.
purpurea, differing in the size and colour of the flowers. In
Peru the corollas are used by the women to ornament their
hair.
Purple V\\xm\erA. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20 ft.
4 P. incarna'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 138.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acute ; flowers cymose ; corollas flesh-coloured, with a
fulvous disk. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Cymes subumbellate.
/'Yt'sA-cofewred-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Tree 20 feet.
5 P. carina'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 21.) leaves oblong-
ovate, acuminated, keeled : with flat, red edges ; corollas large,
3-coloured. fj . S. Native of Peru. Very nearly allied to
P. incarnala, but differs in the edges of the leaves being usually
red. Corollas yellow, with tbe centre white outside in the mid-
dle, and reddish above. Calyx red.
A'fc/erf-leaved Plumiera. Tree 25 feet.
6 P. TRICOLOR (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 139.) leaves oblong,
acute, and acuminated: with flat, veiny edges ; flowers corym-
bose ; corollas tricoloured. H . S. Native of Peru. Leaves
with' red veins. Corolla with a red tube, a copper-coloured
throat, and the limb white, tinged with red.
7Vico/o«rerf-flowered Plumiera. Tree 30 feet.
7 P. Ke'rrii; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at both ends,
entire, with parallel veins and flat edges ; peduncles terminal,
cymose • corollas with a yellow throat, white above the yellow
part, and red round the margins of the segments. Jj . S. Na-
tive of Mexico. P. tricolor, Ker. bot. reg. 510. but not of
Ruiz et Pav.
A'cr's Plumiera. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815. Tree 15 feet.
8 P. Mille'ri ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers corymbose ;
corollas flesh-coloured. \ • S. Native of St. Christopher.
P. incarnala. Mill. diet. no. 2. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Very
nearly allied to P. rilbra, but of more humble growth, and the
leaves are thicker and more veiny. Flowers 10 or more in each
corymb.
M(//er'« Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Tree or shrub.
9 P. BicoLOR (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 140.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated : with flat edges ; flowers corymbose ; corollas cream-
coloured : with a curved tube, yellow throat, and milk white
limb. Ij . S. Native of Peru.
rn/o-co/ojo erf-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815.
Tree 25 feet.
10 P. lu'tea (Ruiz et Pav. I. c. t. 142.) leaves oblong-obo-
vate, acuminated ; flowers corymbose ; corollas yellow, varie-
gated with white. It . S. Native of Peru. Tube of corolla
curved, yellowish.
yt'//oni-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Tr.
15 feet.
11 P. a'lba (Jacq. amer. 36. t. 174. f. 12. ed. pict. t. 38.
Lin. spec. p. 307.) leaves lanceolate-oblong; with revolute
edges, acuminated ; peduncles thickened at top, corymbose ;
corollas white: with a yellow throat. tj . S. Native of the
West Indies, as of Jamaica and Martinico, and of the main land
of South America.— Plum. icon. t. 231.— Commel. hort. 2. p.
47. t. 24. Corolla with a very long, thick, incurved tube,
and obovate-oblong oblique segments. Follicles reflexed.
Flowers spicate, ambrosiacal, exciting cephalalgia, Lin. Leaves
94
APOCYNEiE. XXXV. Plumiera. XXXVl. Conopharvngia.
a toot long. Called by the Frencli in Martinico Frangipanie
blanc.
I'ar. /3 ; fra grantissima (H. B. et Kuiitli, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 2^0.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, short-acuminated, with flat
edges, glabrous except the nerve and veins, which are downy
beneath ; flowers paniculately spicate, very fragrant ; corolla
witii a white limb and yellow throat. h • ^- Native of New
Granada, and Peru, in the gardens of the Indians. Tree 40
feet high. P. bicolor, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 21. t. 141. ?
'I'ube of corolla green, and ventricose at the base ; segments of
tlie limb obovate-oblong, obtuse, equal : throat hairy.
I ar. y, inodora ; stem with very few branches, about 8 feet
high ; flowers white, scentless, large. T? . S. Native of Car-
thagena, in woods. P. inodora, Jacq. amer. p. 36. Leaves
like those of P. rubra.
«'A;<e-flovvcred Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Tr.
15 feet.
12 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 230.)
creeping or procumbent, rarely erectish ; leaves obovate, acute,
flat, glabrous above, but clothed with soft down beneath ;
corolla white. Jj . S. Native in the Missions of the Orinoco,
in the island of Panumana, in places formerly cultivated. Leaves
nienibranous, 6 inches long. Corolla with a downy tube and
funnel-shaped limb ; and ovate, acutish, equal segments. Per-
haps a variety of P. alba.
Soft Plumiera. Shrub procumbent.
13 P. OBTu'sA (Lin. spec. 307.) leaves lanceolate, petiolate,
olituse ; flowers raceniosely panicled ; corolla white. H . S.
Native of South America. P. nivea. Mill. diet. no. 7. — Catesb.
car. 2. t. 93. — Plum. icon. t. 232. Leaves like those of
Oleander.
Blunt-\ea\ed Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Tree
10 feet.
I'l P. dra'stica (Mart, reise. ex Linnsea. 5. p. 40.) leaves
on short thick petioles, obovate-oblong, short-acuminated, cu-
neated at the base while young, but rounded in the adult state,
glabrous, distantly ribbed ; panicles corymbose, glabrous, many-
flowered, shorter than the leaves, bracteate. 1^ . S. Native of
Brazil, in tlie province of Rio Negro. Corollas white.
Drastic Plumiera. Tree.
15 P. piiageda'nica (Mart, reise ex Linntea. 6. p. 30.) leaves
cuneate-oblong, short-acuminated, or rounded, glabrous on both
surfaces, shining above, and veined beneath ; flowers racemosely
corymbose, involucrated by keeled bracteas ; corolla with a
slender tube, and obliquely lanceolate segments. Fj . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro.
Pkagcdaiiic Plumiera. Tree.
16 P. puDicA (Jacq. amer. 37. ed. pict 24.) leaves oblong,
flat, veined ; limb of corolla closed, as in Achiiiiia malvaiiscus.
h . S. Native of South America, inCura^oa, where it is highly
esteemed, and is there called Dmzelle. Corolla yellowish, very
sweet-scented. The flowers succeed each other ibr two months
together, and have an odour much more agreeable than that of
any other species, or even any other flower.
CAa.s(c-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Sh. 5 ft.
17 P. akticula'ta (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 20.) leaves el-
liptic, glabrous, veiny ; spikes disposed in fascicles, articidated.
Ij . S. Native of Guiana. Leaves scattered towards the tops
of tlie branches, attenuated at both enils, but also rounded, paler
beneath. Universal peduncles twin, often terminal, glabrous,
elongated : partial ones disposed in something like fascicles,
3-8 together, simple, 3-4 inches long, flexuous, composed of
turbinatejoints half an inch long, which are dilated on the upper
margins, and furnished witli many minute teeth at the base of
each joint. Flowers alternate, sessile. This is a very doubtful
species of Plumiera, and may probably form a new genus.
12
Jiiinlcd-&f\keA Plumiera. Shrub or tree.
18 P. Africa'na (Mill. diet. no. 5.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
very long, thick, juicy ; corollas yellow. f; . S. Native of
Senegal. Trunk red. Leaves 9-10 inches long, 2 broad.
African Plumiera. Shrub or tree.
19 P. acumina'ta (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 70.) leaves
scattered, lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, flat; flowers corym-
bose, terminal, h . S. Native of Amboyna, China, and Cochin-
china. Ker. hot. reg. 114. P. acntifolia, Poir. suppl. 2.
p. 667. P. obtitsa. Lour. coch. 117. Flos, convolutus, Rumph.
amb. 6. p. 35. t. 38. Leaves with many transverse veins.
Flowers terminal, in compound, spreading upright racemes.
Corolla sweet-scented, white, mixed with red outside, and yellow
inside ; tube curved ; segments obovate. Follicles rcflexed.
AcuminatcdAe&vedi Plumiera. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1790.
Tree 20 feet.
20 P. Mexica'na (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1024.) leaves elliptic-
lanceolate, acuminated ; corollas white, with a yellow throat.
'; . S. Native of Mexico. Perhaps the sarne as the following.
Vl/(;.r?'ca« Plumiera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Tree.
21 P. I/ambertia'na (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1378.) leaves ob-
long, acuminated, flat; corollas white, with a yellow throat;
sej.;ments of the limb broad-rhomboid, obtuse. I7 . S. Native
of Mexico. P. Gou^ni, D. Don, ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 68.
It difl'ers from P. Kerrii, in the flowers being inodorous, and
in being a little larger, and in the segments being broader and
rounder.
Lambert's Plumiera. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824. Tree 10
to 20 feet.
22 P. tubercula'ta (Lodd. bot. cab. 681. Hamilt. prod,
p. 26.) branches tuberculate, especially at the origin of the pe-
tioles ; leaves coriaceous, narrow-oblong, obtuse, tapering a
long way into the petioles, downy beneath ; peduncles axillary,
much shorter than the leaves, many-flowered. I- . S. Native
of St. Domingo. Flowers white, scentless.
Tiibercled-alemmeA V\\im\exa. Fl. Aug. Clt. IS12. Sh. C It.
■\ Species under the following names are in Lodd. cat. 1830.
p. 15. and p. 16., but they are prubablij synoiujvious with those
described above.
1 P. aurdnlia, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 2 P. Blandfordiana, Lodd.
cat. p. 15. 3 P. Jamaicensis, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 4 P. leucan-
tha, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 5 P. macrophylla, Lodd. cat. p. 15.
C P. Northiana, Lodd. cat. p. 16. 7 P. tenuifdlia, Lodd.
cat. p. 16.
Cult. All the species of Plumiera are very showy when in
blossom, and on that account are favourites with gardeners.
Being of a rather succulent or fleshy nature, they require but
little water when not in a free growing state. 1'he best soil for
them is a mixture of peat, loam, and sand. Large cuttings of
tliem strike readily in the same kind of mould recommended for
the plants, if kept dry.
XXXVI. CONOPHARY'NGIA (from Koroc, conos, a cone ;
and (j)apvvl, pharynx, the throat ; in reference to the anthers
being comliined into a cone, protruding from the throat of the
corolla.) Plumiera species, Lairi. diet. 2. p. 542.
I/iN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped; segments oblong, villous, convex out-
side, and concave inside, regularly twisted into a spire about
the centre, opening by a small hole; tube widening gradually to
the top. Stamens 5, in the throat of the tube, rising each from
the inside of a scrobicle ; anthers triangidar, very acute, coher-
mg at top, above the throat of the tube, in a cone which clasps
the style. Style slender, but thickened at top ; stigma sub-
bifid at the apex. Follicles twin, slipper-shaped, thick, fleshy,
APOCYNE.E. XXXVI. Conopuaryngia. XXXVII. Vinca. XXXVIII. Catu
ARANTHUS.
95
many-seeded. Seeds form of those of the grape, attached to
a slender central column. — Glabrous shrubs or trees, with oppo-
site leaves, and terminal corymbs of flowers. Juice caustic, milky.
1 C. RETu'sA ; leaves ovate-wedge-shaped, retuse ; corymbs
compound, pedimculate. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar, Isle
of France, &c. Plumiera retiasa, Lam. diet. 2. p. 542. no. 5.
Bois de lait. Leaves smooth above and nerved beneath, 6 inches
long and 3 broad ; petioles very short, stem-clasping. Scales
small, acute, under the pedicels in the corymb. Flowers form
and scent of jasmine.
Retuse-leaxed Conopharyngia. Shrub or tree.
2 C. LONGiFOLiA ; leaves oblong-narrow, Hat; corymbs pa-
nicled, nearly sessile. 1^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Plu-
miera longifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 542. Leaves a foot long, on
short, thick, stem-clasping petioles, keeled, without any manifest
nerves. Under each division of the corymbs are 2 opposite,
concave acute scales ; idterior peduncles of the corymb 3-
flovvered ; the 2 lateral flowers pedicellate and the middle one
sessile. Calycine segments concave, roundish.
Long-leaved Conopharyngia. Clt. 1819. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Plunuera, p. 94.
XXXVII. Vl'NCA (from vhico, to conquer ; because the
species subdue other plants by their creeping roots, or bind them
by their runners). Lin. gen. no. 295. Juss. 141. — Pervnica,
Tourn. t. 45.
LiN. SYST. Penl/indria, Alonogynia. Calyx .5-eleft ; seg-
ments linear or subulate, acute. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
longer than the calyx ; throat bearded ; st gments of the limb
flat, oblique, truncate at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted in the
throat, inclosed ; filaments short ; anthers ending each in a hairy
membrane at apex, which connive over the stigma; stigma
bearded, seated on a flat orbicular disk, which is grooved round
the circumference. Glands 2, alternating with tlie ovaria ; gla-
brous as well as them. Follicles 2, erect, terete, narrow, dehis-
cing lengthwise, few-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Seeds cylin-
drical, naked. — Creeping, suftVuticose, or herbaceous plants.
I/eaves smooth, shining, opposite. Flowers axillary, solitary,
alternate, pedunculate, blue, purple, and white.
1 V. MINOR (Lin. spec. 304.) stems procumbent ; leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate, glabrous ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate,
bluntish ; segments of corolla broadish at top. fj . H. Na-
tive of Europe, as of Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy,
Src. In Britain it has been found in many places, in hedges
and woods, in rather damp situations. Smith, engl. bot. t. 917.
Curt. lond. 3. t. 16. Plenck, icon. t. 113. Blackw. t. 59.
Pervinca minor. Scop. earn. no. 273. — Pervinca vulgaris, Park,
threatr. 381. f. 1. Clematis daphnoides, Dodon. penipt. 401.
F"lowering stems usually erect. Flowers void of scent. Co-
rolla blue ; with white throat, varying to purple and white, of
a smaller size than those of V. major. This species varies
much in the colour of the flowers ; they are also sometimes
double ; and the foliage is sometimes variegated, either with
white or yellow stripes.
Lesser Periwinkle. Fl. Mar. Sept. Brit. PI. creeping.
2 V. ma'jor (Lin. spec. p. 304.) stems erectish ; leaves
ovate, acute, ciliated ; calycine teeth linear-subulate, ciliated,
usually with a small tooth on each side at the base ; segments of
corolla broad, obovate. I^ . H. Native of Europe, as of France,
Spain, Italy, Switzerland, &c. With us it is more common than
V. minor, in moist woods and hedges ; but these are probably
both escapes from gardens. Smith, engl. bot. t. 514. Curt,
lond. 4. t. 19. Plenck, icon. t. 114. Vinca media, Delile. Per-
vinca major. Scop, carn.no. 274. — Garid. aix. t. 81. — Lob. icon,
t. 636. This species is larger in all its parts than the preceding.
Corollas fine purplish blue. Flowering stems erect ; barren ones
creeping. There is a variety of this with variegated leaves.
England. Sh. 2 feet.
FIG. 13.
Greater Periwinkle. Fl. Mar. Sept.
3 V. herba'cea (Waldst. et
Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. p. 8. t. 9.
Hook, bot. mag. 2002.) stems
herbaceous, procumbent, root-
ing ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
minutely ciliated on the edges
while young ; calycine segments
linear-subulate, acute, glabrous ;
segments of corolla lanceolate,
falcate. Tf. H. Native of Hun-
gary, in open, chalky, sandy
hills. Flowers purplish blue.
A most elegant plant when in
blossom.
Herbaceous Periwinkle. Fl.
June, July. Clt. 1816. PI.
creeping.
Cidl. As these plants delight to grow under the cover ot
trees and bushes, they may be made ornamental, if they are
planted in shrubberies, where they will spread and cover the
ground ; and as their leaves continue green all the year, they
will have a good effect in winter, and their elegant and delicate
flowers appearing a great part of summer will add to the variety.
They are easily increased by separating the rooted trailing
shoot-!.
XXXVIII. CATHARA'NTHUS (from KuQapog, kalharos,
pure, and arSog, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the neatness
and beauty of the flowers). — Vinca species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Motiogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg-
ments subulate. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments nearly equal
sided, obovate, mucronate ; throat bearded ; tube long, slender,
clavate at top with 5 tubercles. Stamens inclosed, conniving
over the stigma. Anthers mucronate, not membranous at top,
sessile. Stigma capitate, marginate, bearded at top, and fur-
nished with a cup-shaped membrane below, which sheaths the
upper part of the style. Hypogyiious glands 2, elongated like
the ovaria. Follicles twin, small, terete, glabrous, 2-celled,
dehiscing inside ; dissepiment double, taking its rise from the
suture, which is plaited inwards. Seeds 16-20 in each follicle,
attached longitudinally to each side of the dissepiment, small,
ovate-acuminated above, grooved and rugged from sharp tuber-
cles on one side, and smooth on the other side. Albumen fleshy.
— Small shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, evergreen, cori-
aceous. Flowers elegant, axillary, solitary, or twin.
1 C. RosEus ; downy ; branches terete ; leaves elliptic, obtuse,
mucronate ; petioles bidentate or bistipulate at the base ; flowers
axillary, solitary, or twin, sessile. h . S. Native every where
within the tropics, but probably originally from Madagascar.
Vinca rosea, Lin. spec. 305. Mill. fig. t. 186. Curt. bot.
mag. 248. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 172. t. 117. f 5. Flowers
bright crimson, or peach or rose-coloured, paler on the luider
side, with a dark purple eye. Calycine segments ciliated.
I'ar. a, roseus ; flowers rose-coloured.
Var. (3, albiis ; flowers white.
Far. y, occellatus ; flowers white, with a purple circle.
Far. S, viUdsus ; leaves villous, rounded at top, mucronate.
Vinca rbsea, Poir. diet. 5. p. 199.
/foie-coloured-flowercd Catharanthus. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt.
1726. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 C. pusiLLus; stem herbaceous, quadrangular, much branched ;
leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; furnished with
opposite stipulas at the base ; flowers twin or solitary, axillary,
pedunculate. ©. S. Native of Tranquebar. Vinca pusilla,
Lin. suppl. 166. syst. 252. Murr. comm. goett. 1772. p. 66.
t. 2. f. 1. Vinca parviflora, Retz. obs. 2. p. 14. no. 33. Ait.
96
APOCYNEyE. XXXIX. Alyxia.
hoit. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 67. Cupa veela, Rheed. mal. 9.
p. 61. t. 3.j. Flowers size and colour of those of Lithosper-
mum officinale. Follicles longer than those of C. roseus.
Zea«« Catharanthus. Fl. Aufr. Clt. 1778. PI. A to 1 foot.
Cult. C. roseus is a very elegant and delicate shrub, of easy
culture ; and is increased re.idily by cuttings or seeds. C.
pusillus, beina annual, is only to be preserved by sowing the
seeds in a pot full of light rich earth, and placing it in a
hot-bed.
Tribe V.
ALYXIE'/E (this tribe agrees with Alyxia in the fruit being
drupaceous). Ovarium double. Fruit drupaceous. Albumen
large, ruminated or fiesliy.
XXXIX. ALY'XIA (from aXvlic,, alyxis, anxiety, grief;
gloomy appearance of the shrubs.) Banks, herb, ex R. Br.
prod. p. 469. Cunningh. in bot. mag. no. 3312. Gynopogon,
Forst. char. gen. p. 36. t. 18.
Lin. syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a naked throat. Stamens inclosed. Ovaria
twin, few-seeded. Styles sub-adherent. Stigma obtuse. Drupes
2, pedicellate, one of which is usually abortive, simple, con-
taining a semibilocular 1 -seeded putamen. Seed semibipartite.
Albumen ruminated horny. Embryo erect, straight, or curved.
Small, glabrous, lactescent trees or shrubs. Leaves verticillate
or opposite, coriaceous, compact, evergreen. Flowers axillary
or terminal, sometimes spicate, small, white, and usually sweet-
scented. Habit and structure of flowers as in other Apocy-
neous plants, but differs in the albumen being ruminated, and
easily separated into lobes.
* Leaves verticillate.
1 A. ACTiNoriiv'LLUM (Cunniugh. in bot. mag. no. 3313.)
corymbs simple, axillary, pedunculate; pedicels 1-3-flowered;
calyx bractless ; leaves 4-6-8 in a whorl, petiolate, long-lan-
ceolate, glabrous, with revolute edges, glaucous beneath: with
obtuse-angled, parallel veins ; peduncles only half the length
of the leaves ; stigma oblong, membranous, beardless ; stem
arborescent. h . S. Native of New Holland, on the shore
within the tropic, as at Endeavour River and Montague Sound.
Ray-leaved Alyxia. Shrub.
2 A. spic.^'ta (R. Br. prod. 1. p. 470.) spikes axillary ;
flowers verticillate, almost sessile, unibracteate ; leaves 3 in a
whorl, oval-oblong ; petioles shorter than the peduncles : with
a simple base ; stigma sub-conical, furnished with a short
beard. I;. S. Native of New Holland, on the east coast,
within the tropic (R. Br.), Endeavour River (A. Cunningh.).
Spike-Rowered Alyxia. Shrub.
:i A. TETRAGONA (U. Br. prod. p. 470.) spikes axillary;
flowers verticillate, almost sessile, tribracteate; leaves 4 in a
whorl, oblong ; petioles longer than the peduncles: with a gib-
bous base. Tj . S. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic ; Lizard Island. A. Cunningh.
Tetragonal Alyxia. Shrub.
4 A. stella'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 4 39.) umbels
axillary, peduncul.ite, nuich shorter than the leaves; calyx
bractless ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, somewhat acuminated,
bluntish, attenuated at the base, smooth ; stigma capitate,
bearded (ex Spreng.). fj . S. Native of the' Society and
F'riendly Islands. Gynopogon stellatum, Forst.prod.no. 117.
char. gen. p. 36. t. 18. Labill. sert. cal. p. 30. t. 34. A. aro-
niatica, Reinwdt. A. Reinwardtii, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz, p. 43.
S'tarry-\eaved Alyxia. Shrub.
.'■' A. oetusifolia (R. Br. prod. p. 470.) umbels axillary,
pedimculate ; calyx bractless ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate or
obovate, very blunt. h ■ ^- Native of New South Wales, on
the south coast.
Blunt-leaved Alyxia. Shrub.
6 A. laurina (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 451. t. 62.)
peduncles terminal, usually by threes, 1-3-flowered ; calyx
bractless ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, rather coriaceous, ter-
minating in a rounded, emarginate, taper point ; stigma ciliated.
^7 . S. Native of the Moluccas. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 34. t. 20.
(ex Gaud.)
Laurel-like Alyxia. Shrub.
7 A. oi.iv.ef6rmis (Gaud, in Freyc voy. pt. bt. p. 451.) pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, 2-4-flowered ; leaves 3 in a whorl,
eliiptic-oblong, acute at both ends, membranous ; fruit olive-
formed, (j . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands.
Olice-Jormed-i'ymled Alyxia. Shrul'.
8 A. Torresia'na (Gaud, in 1. c.) pedimcles axillary, solitary,
.'.'-flowered, exceeding the petioles ; leaves 3 in a whorl, elliptic,
obtuse, sub-emarginale, running into the petioles at the base ;
fruit roundish elliptic. Ij . S. Native of the Marianne Islands.
Turres's Alyxia. Shrub.
9 A. GYNOPOGON (Ra?m. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 440.) flowers
almost sessile, axillary or terminal, solitary or twin ; leaves 4-5
in a whorl, obovate, or ovate-oblong, bluntish, attenuated at the
base, shining, veinless beneath; stigma beardless; branches
twiggy, ghibr(>us. f^ . S. Native of Norfolk Island, in shady
humid parts of woods. Wall, cat 1650. Endlicher, prod. fl.
norf. p. 58. Bauer, ill. pi. norf. t. 119. A. Forsten, Cun-
ningh. mss. 1830. Gynopogon Alyxia, Forst. prod. no. 118.
Gynopogon A\y^\a. Clt.? Shrub.
10 A. DAFUNoiDES (Cuuniiig. in bot. mag. t. 3313.) flowers
sessile, axillary, or terminal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate-
oblong, elliptic, or rhomboid, obtuse, smooth, shining, veiny
beneath ; stigma tipped by a short, pencil-like beard ; branches
straight, tomentose, scabrous. Jj . S. Native of Norfolk Island,
in dry shady woods.
Dapliiie-iike A\yx.\a. Clt. 1831. Shrub.
11 A. KUscii'OLiA (R. Br. prod, p 470.) flowers almost ses-
sile, terminal; leaves 4 or 3 in a whorl, broad-elliptic or ellip-
tic-lanceolate, acute, mueronate : the mucrone spiny ; veins
acute, angular ; the surfaces and margins rather roughish ;
stigma truncate at apex, pencilled. I^ . S. Native of the south
coast of New South Wales. Lodd. bot. cab. 1811. Cunningh.
in bot. mag. 3312. A. Richardsonii, Sweet.
I ar. ft, pugioniformis (Cunningh. mss. 1828. and 1. c.) leaves
narrow-lanceolate, mueronate. Fj . S. Native of Morton Bay.
Ruscus-leaved \\y\\a. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
* * Leaves opposite.
12 A. sulca'ta (Hook. ann. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 90.)
leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, rather membranous, shining on
both surfaces, obsoletely and parallelly veined ; peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, 3-flowered, one half shorter than the leaves ; fruit
olive-formed, furrowed longitudinally. Ij . S. Native of tl e
Sandwich Islands.
F«rrowf (/-fruited Alyxia. Shrub.
13 A. sca'ndens (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 440.) pe-
duncles axillary, 3-flowered, lonoer than the petioles ; leaves
opposite, oval, oblong-elliptic, bluntly acuminated, shining,
with parallel veins; branches climbing. fj.,^. S. Native of
the Society Islands. Gynopogon scandens, Forst. prod. no. 1 19.
Climbing Alyxia. Shrub cl.
14 A. BuxiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 470.) flowers usually twin,
interpetiolar ; leaves opposite, oval or obovate, smooth on both
surfaces, terminating in a callous point ; stigma much bearded.
'7 . S. Native of New South Wales, on the east and south
coasts ; also of the island in Bass Straits, as also in the northern
regions of Van Diemen's Land.
Box-leaved Alyxia. Shrub.
APOCYNE^. XL. Cerbera. XLI. Tangiiinia.
97
15 A. odora'ta (Wall. cal. no. 160G.) peduncles axillary,
3-flovverecl ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, obovate-elliptic,
tapering much to the base. ^ . S. Native of Cliapedong.
Sivcct-sccnted Alyxia. Shrub.
16 A. glauce'scens (Wall. cat. no. 1607.) leaves opposite,
oblong, coriaceous, shining above, glaucous beneath ; corymbs
axillarv, many-flowered; throat of corolla crowned. f; . S.
Native of the Straits of Malacca.
Glaucesccnt Alyxia. Shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92.
XL. CE'RBERA (so nained from Cerberus, on account of its
poisonous qualities). Lin. gen. no. 294. Juss. 149. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 223. Blum, bijdr. p. 1031. —
Ahoiiai, I'ourn. inst. 434. Jacq. amer. 48. Thevetia, Juss.
in ann. mus. 15. p. 346.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg-
ments permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube pilose inside
at top ; throat 5-toothed : teeth opposite the anthers ; limb 5-
cleft ; segments oblique, or unequal-sided. Anthers seated on the
top of the tube, almost sessile, inclosed, ovate, adhering to the
stigma. Ovarium didynious, girded by 5 hypogynous scales or
glands. Style filiform, didymous ; stigma discoid: having the
margin crenulated below, but convex and emarginate above.
Drupes twin, one of them usually abortive, containing a fibry
semi-bivalved, 1 -celled putamen ; cells divided into two divi-
sions by the moveable dissepiment. Seeds usually solitary. —
Lactescent trees or shrubs. Leaves scattered, quite entire.
Peduncles extra-axillary at the tops of the branches. Flowers
showy yellow or white.
1 C. Theve'tia (Jacq. amer, 48. t. 34. ed. pict. t. 47.) leaves
linear, with sub-revolute edges, almost veinless, glabrous ; pe-
duncles generally 1 -flowered ; calycine segments ovate, lanceo-
late, acute, 3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. '^ . S.
Native of New Granada, in hot places ; Mexico, Cuba, Marti-
nico, &c. Lin. spec. 303. Lam. ill. t. 170. f. 2. Hook. hot.
mag. 2309 Plum. icon. t. 18 — Pluk. aim. p. 253. t. 207. f. 3.
— Hern. mex. 443. f. 3. Axils of leaves furnished with some
subulate scales. Corollas yellow. Drupe half orbicular, trun-
cate at top, 2-celled, size of a bean ; cells bipartite.
r/ifDfi'i Cerbera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1735. Tree 12 ft.
2 C. THEVETioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
223.) leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, veiny, glabrous, with re-
volute edges: nerves and veins pilose beneath ; flowers crowded
at the tops of the branches, on short peduncles, sometimes 2
on a single peduncle ; calycine segments oblong-lanceolate,
acutish, .3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. I7 . S.
Native of New Spain, in temperate places, near the town of
Tasco. Leaves 4^ inches long. Segments of corolla dimidiately
obovate. Drupe globose, size of an apple. Corollas yellow.
Thcvetia-likeCerher!).. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Tree 12 ft.
3 C. Peruviana (Pers. ench. 1. p. 267.) leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, crowded, glabrous ; peduncles short, few-flowered.
f; . S. Native of Peru, in woods. C. Thevetia, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 27. t. 153. f. b. C. Thevetia fl, Poir. suppl. 1.
p. 261.? According to Cav. descr. p. 108. this differs from
Thevetia in the ovarium being tetragonal, not round, in the
peduncles being few-flowered, not 1 -flowered. Corollas yellow,
with wedge-shaped, oblique, truncate segments, and a villous
throat : having 5 subulate teeth, closing the tube.
Peruvian Cerbera. Tree 12 feet.
4 C. Ahou'ai (Lin. spec. 1 . p. 303.) leaves ovate, acute,
glabrous; peduncles terminal, short, 6-7-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments reflexed ; segments of corolla undulated. Ij . S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Curt. bot. mag. 737. Andr. rep. 231. Lam.
ill. 2. p. 193. t. 170. f. 1. C. Thevetia, Lin. hort. cliff", p. 75.
VOt. IV.
Ahouai, Thev. antarct. p. 66. Corollas pale yellow. The
wood is very fetid ; and the fruit is a deadly poison. The
Indians are said to put small stones into the empty nuts, string
them, and fasten them about their legs when they dance.
/^Aoi/ai Cerbera. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1739. Tree 10 to
20 feet.
5 C. ova'ta (Cav. icon. 3. p. 35. t. 270.) leaves oblong-
ovate, green above, rather downy beneath, and yellowish ; flowers
terminal, usually 5 together ; calycine segments ovate, acute,
reflexed ; segments of corolla arched. I? . S. Native of New
Spain. Corolla yellow. Fruit nearly globose, size of a walnut,
compressed, bluntly truncate.
Oort^e-leaved Cerbera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
6 C. cuNEiroLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 224.)
leaves oblong-cuneated, rounded at the apex, puberulous above
and downy beneath ; peduncles sub-dichotomous, few-flowered ;
calycine segments oblong, acute, hardly shorter than the tube of
the corolla; segments of corolla dimidiately obovate. [7. G.
Native of Mexico, on the western declivities of the mountains,
between Zumpango and Mescalo. Leaves 3 inches long, and
an inch broad at top, with some scales in their axils. Peduncles
hairy. Corollas yellow ?
JVedge-leaved Cerbera. Fl. April. Tree.
7 C. NiTiuA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 225.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with subrevolute edges,
glabrous and shining above, but hairy beneath ; flowers race-
mose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, 4 times shorter
than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla rounded.
Ij . S. Native of New Granada, at the mouth of the river
Sinu, and near Turbaco. Leaves 8-10 inches long. Corollas
white, about the size of those of V'mca rosea ; limb downy
outside. Ovaria girded by 5 combined glands. Drupes com-
bined, fleshy, S-lobed, 4-celled ? cells 1-seeded.
Shining Cerbera. Fl. March. Shrub.
-j- Doubtful sjiecies.
8 C. ALHODORA (Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 798.) leaves roundish, obtuse, roughish. fj . S. Native of
South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Garlic-scented Cerbera. Shrub or tree.
9 C. obova'ta (Willd. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-obovate, tapering
into the petioles, glabrous, parallelly veined beneath, fj . .S.
Native of?
Obovale-\eaved Cerbera. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberntjemonlana, p. 92.
XLL TANGHI'NIA {Tanghen or Tanghin is the Mada-
gascar name of T. veneneflua, the juice of which is the ordeal
water of that island). Pet. Th. gen. med. p. 10. Poir. suppl. 5.
p. 283. Bojer. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 290. t. 110.— Cerbera
species of authors. Cynoctonum, Gmel. syst. veg, 1. p. 443.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg-
ments spreading, deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped, longer
than the calyx ; with a pentagonal, dilated throat ; limb spread-
ing ; segments unequal-sided. Stamens 5, inserted into the
dilated part of the tube of the corolla ; anthers thick, heart-
sliaped, hidden by as many foliaceous acuminated inflexed la-
mellje or scales, which rise from the throat : having an umbilical
tubercle under each .-mther. Ovarium solitary, 4-lobed, girded
by a hypogynous ring. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed, inclosed in the
dome formed by the anthers. Drupe ovate, containing a fibry
nut, which is acute at both ends. Integument of seed mem-
branous. Albumen none, ex Pet. Th. ; concatenated, horny, ex
Bojer. Cotyledons flat, slender, somewhat cordate, ex Bojer ;
thick, concave, ex Pet. Th. Embryo superior, inverted.— Gla-
brous trees, with the habit of Mango. Leaves alternate, approxi-
O
98
APOCYNEiE. XLI. Tanghinia. XLII. Rauwolfia.
mate at the tops of the branches, coriaceous. Flowers disposed
in terminal corymbose panicles. Peduncles and pedicels bibrac-
teate, twice ternate. Corollas white, or pink : with a dark eye.
1 T. venene'flua (Poir. 1. c. Bojer. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-
lanceolate, approximate, coriaceous, glabrous, shining : with re-
volute, cartilaginous edges ; flowers disposed in terminal, co-
rymbose panicles. I; • S. Native of Madagascar. Cerbera
Tanghin, Hook. bot. mag. 2968. Leaves 5-8 inches long.
Corollas with a green tube, and pink or rose-coloured limb.
This is the famous ordeal tree of JIadagascar.
The custom of administering Tanghin as an ordeal, in Mada-
gascar, has become far more universal during the present reign,
than at any former period of the Huwa government. When
her present majesty, in the beginning of 1830, came to the reso-
lution of cleansing her lands from sorcerers, an ordeal was com-
manded in every town and village ; and in Tannanarivoo scarcely
any class of inhabitants escaped. On the 9th of May, 1830, in
compliance with the sovereign's mandate, a notable administra-
tion of Tanghin took place. The accused persons amounted
to about thirty, including some of the highest rank in the
kingdom. All the nobility recovered ; while the unknown ple-
beians, who, according to the common jugglery, had been com-
pelled to drink with them, died. The former jnade the usual
triumphant entry into the town, on the 17th, borne in open
palanquins, amongst the shouting, dancing, and grimaces of the
many thousands of people. In the following month, April,
about an equal number of Malagassy ladies submitted to the
same ordeal ; but all survived, and, in due course, made a grand
entry into town. The Tanghin is administered in private, as
well as in public. A subject so deeply rooted in the minds of
all the Malagassy people, from the sovereign down to the slave,
is the belief in witchcraft ; and so blindly are they led by this
belief, that a vihole nation may be considered as labouring under
a spell, as powerful as the fascination which they attribute to the
unfortunate sorcerers themselves. The fruit of the Tanghin is
the part used, and is administered by means of some liquid, as
broth, &c.
PoJson-^o)i)i?!g- Tanghinia. Fl.July. Clt. 1826. Tree 30 feet.
2 T. Ma'nghas ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering
downwards, approximate, shining ; segments of corolla ovate,
vyith an incurved, sub-retuse apex ; panicle terminal, corymbose,
f; . S. Native of Singapore, and some of the adjacent islands,
Ceylon, &c. Cerbera Manghas, Lin. fl. zeyl. 106. Gasrtn.
fruct. 2. p. 192. t. 123-124.. f. 1. Cerbera lactaria, Hamilt.
Arbor lactaria, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 243. t. 8 1 . Cerbera quaterni-
folia, Roxb. hort. beng. 19. — Burm. zeyl. p. 150. t. 70. f. 1.
Leaves dark green and sliining above, and paler beneath, with
capillary, sub-transverse nerves, which unite by means of a sub-
marginal vein. Panicle large, open, with articulated dichoto-
mous or trichotomous branches. Flowers white, by threes,
scentless. Calycine segments lanceolate. Scales in the mouth
of the corolla villous, pink-coloured. Drupe ovate-oblong,
sometimes twin. The seeds in this and the following are said to
be exalbuminous.
Mano-/w4 Tanghinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 ft.
3 T. Odollam ; leaves lanceolate, approximate, shining ;
corymbs terminal ; calycine segments linear, revolute ; seg-
ments of corolla sub-falcate. Ij . S. Native of various parts of
India, on the shores, in salt swamps. Cerbera Odollam, Gsertn.
fruct. 2. p. 193. t. 124. Cerbera Manghas, Sims, bot. mag.
1845. Odollam, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 71. t. 39. Wood remark-
ably spongy, and white. Flowers large, white, fragrant.
Stigma large and conical, 2-cleft at apex, resting in a saucer-
shaped receptacle, the circumference fluted with 10 grooves.
Orfo//«)« Tanghinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1756. Tree 20 feet.
4 T. LAURiFoLiA ; Icaves lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the
base, coriaceous, quite entire, glabrous, with dense parallel
nerves. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Cerbera lauri-
folia, Lodd. bot. cab. 989. Flowers white.
Laurel-leaved Tangh'mia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taherncemontana, p. 92.
XLII. RAUWO'LFIA (so named by Plumier, in honour of
Leonhard Rauwolf, physician at Augsburg, who travelled in
France and Italy, 1560 — 1563 ; and through Palestine and other
countries, in 1573 — 1575. His travels were published in Ger-
man, in 1582 and 1583, and were translated into English by
Nich. Staphorst, under the revision of Mr. Ray, with additions by
him, John Fred. Gronovius published a catalogue of the plants
which Rauwolf found in his travels to the East in 1775, under
the title of Flora Orientalis, Lugdb. oct. He died in 1596.)
Plum. gen. 40. Lin. gen. no. 293. Juss. gen. 148. Gsertn.
fruct. t. 52. Jacq. amer. 47. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 543.
Blum, bijdr. 1033, but not of Ruiz, et Pav.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat, a short
tube, and a twisted, 5-lobed limb ; segments unequal-sided.
Stamens 5, inclosed, or a little exserted ; anthers free, ovate-
cordate. Ovaria 2, combined, girded by a hypogynous ring ; 2-
celled, bi-ovulate. Style didymous. Stigma sub-capitate, or
peltate, emarginate. Drupe didymous, globose, containing 2
1-celled, 1-seeded nuts, or a 2-celled one; cells divided into 2
chambers. Seeds reflexedly conduplicate below, attached to
the dissepiment, which is incomplete, and is perhaps a dilated
placenta. Embryo uncinately recurved at the base, with a su-
perior radicle. Albumen fleshy, conforming to the seed. —
Lactescent shrubs, or small trees ; with verticillate leaves ; and
interpetiolar corymbs of small flowers. Petioles furnished
with subulate glands inside.
* Species natives of South America.
1 R. psYCHOTRioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
231.) leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, glabrous,
2 of which are much smaller than the other 2, having the middle
rib ciliated towards the base ; corymbs on long peduncles.
fj . S. Native of the Spanish Main, in shady places, near
Cumana. R. viridis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 805. Leaves membranous, shining above, but paler beneath,
4 or 4^ inches long. Bracteas lanceolate-linear. Corymbs
small. Corollas white, downy outside. Calycine segments
ovate, acute. Segments of corolla dimidiately oblong, obtuse.
Perhaps the same as R. nitida.
Psi/chotria-like Rauwolfia. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
2 R. TERNiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 232.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles few-flowered,
sub-corymbose. 1; . S. Native of New Spain, on the banks of
the river Magdalena, near Monpox. Hook. bot. mag. 2440. R.
ligustrina, Willd. herb.no. 5097. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
805. Leaves membranous, 2-4 inches long. Flowers like the
preceding. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate.
Three-leaved Rawoma. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub.
3 R. NiTiDA (Jacq. amer. p. 47. Lin. spec. 303.) leaves 3 and
4 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous,
shining, having the midrib rather villous beneath ; corymbs few-
flowered. Tj . S. Native of South America, and St. Domingo,
in woods. Lam. ill. t. 172. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 339. R.
viridis, Herb. Willd. R. heterophylla, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et
Schidtes, syst. 4. p. 805. — Plum. gen. 19. icon. 236. f. 1.
Leaves approximate, unequal in size, 3 inches long, and one
broad. Calycine teeth acute. Corollas white. Petals ciliated,
with thick conical pili. Fruit at first yellowish, afterwards dark
purple.
APOCYNEiE. XLII. Rauwolfia. XLTII. Dissolena. XLIV. Ociirosia. XLV. Ophioxylon.
99
Shining-lenved Rauwolfia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1752.
Tree 12 feet.
4 R. Brazilie'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 834.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, elliptic-oblong, acute, opaque, having the veins and
nerves ilowny beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, thick,
and are, as well the calyxes, silky. Ij . S. Native of Brazil.
Brazilian Rauwolfia. Shrub.
.5 R. PARViFLORA (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. S34.) leaves 3
in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, rather unequal ; peduncles 1-
flowered, capillary, axillary, shorter than the leaves. fj . S.
Native of Brazil.
Small-Jloivered Rauwolfia. Shrub.
6 R. cane'scens (Lin. syst. 250.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-
obovate, acuminated, downy ; corymbs few-flowered. ^ . S.
Native of Jamaica, and other West India Islands. R. subpubes-
cens, Lin. spec. 303. R. hirsuta, Jacq. anier. p. 47. ed. pict. p.
259. f. 17. — Plum. gen. 9. icon. 236. f. 2.— Sloane, jam. 173.
hist. 2. p. 107. t. 188. f 1.— Pluk. phyt. 266. f. 2; Branches
rather tomentose. Leaves more tomentose beneath than hairy.
Calycine segments lanceolate. Segments of corolla nearly
square, sub-emarginate. Drupes dark red. Flowers small, red.?
Cfl/iMCCTi^ Rauwolfia. Fl.June. Clt. 1739. Shrub 2 to 8 feet.
7 R. TOMENTOSA (Lin. spec. 303.) leaves 4 in a whorl, ob-
long, attenuated at both ends, tomentose ; corymbs few-flowered.
T; . S. Native on rocks and walls, of Carthagena, in South
America. Jacq. amer. 48. obs. 2. t. 35. Flowers small, white.
Calycine segments ovate. Fruit at length nearly black.
tomentose Rauwolfia. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
* * Species natives of the East Indies.
8 R. SomatraVa (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. v. p. 22. ex Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 543. Blum, bijdr. p. 1034.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl,
cnneate-oblong, or obovate, glabrous ; umbels or corymbs termi-
nal, pedunculate, few-flowered ; mouth of corolla shut by 5
fascicles of villi. Pj . S. Native of Java and Sumatra, frequent
in the neighbourhood of Bencoolen. This shrub resembles the
Manggalaut, or Tanghhiia Manghas, in habit and foliage.
Leaves 6 inches long. Flowers small, white. Segments of
corolla roundish. Stigma peltate. This species resembles It.
nltida, but is sufficiently distinguished by its inflorescence. The
wood, being light, is employed by the Sumatrans, for scabbards
to their swords, and krises.
Sumatra Rauwolfia. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
* * * A species native of Africa.
9 R. voMiToRiA (Afz. rem. guin. ex Spreng.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, oblong-lanceolate, on long petioles ; branches tetragonal ;
flowers axillary, umbellate. Tj . S. Native of Guinea.
Vomit Rauwolfia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana,ip. 92.
XLIII. DISSOLE'NA (from cic, dis, double; and rrwXnv,
solen, a tube ; the lower part of the tube of the corolla is diflPerent
from that of the upper.) Lour. coch. p. 138.
Lin. syst. Pentundria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft ;
segments subulate, erect. Corolla with a long tube of two
forms : lower part thick, pentagonal, and staminiferous ; upper
part cylindrical : limb spreading, 5-cleft. Stamens inserted be-
neath the mouth of the lower part of the tube. Style shorter
than the stamens ; stigma sub-ovate, thick, scabrous. Drupe
small, ovate, containing a compressed, scabrous, 1 -celled, 1-
seeded nut. — An upright shrub, with spreading branches. Lower
leaves opposite ; upper ones 3-4 in a whorl. Racemes sub-
divided, terminal. Corollas white. Drupes black,- glabrous.
Nearly allied to Rauwolfia or Ochrosia.
1 D. verticilla'ta (Lour. coch. p. 138.) '^ . G. Native
of China, in the province of Canton. Cerbera Chinensis, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 643.
;FAoWfrf-leaved Dissolena. Fl. ? Clt. 1812. Shrub 8 feet.
Cidt. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontdna, p. 92.
XLIV. OCHRO^SIA (from wxpoc. ochros, pale yellow ;
colour of flowers.) Juss. gen. 144. Labill. sert. cal. 25.
Cerbera species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Pentundria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed,
or 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; segments of the limb 2-
lobed, spreading, oblique. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat. An-
thers inclosed. Stigma thick, 2-lobed. Fruit twin, or solitary bv
abortion, drupaceous, each containing a 2-4-celled nut ; each cell
1-2-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, unequal, flat, with membranous
edges, albuminous 1 — Glabrous shrubs, with verticillate leaves,
4 in a whorl ; and dichotomous corymbs of flowers.
1 O. BoRBONiCA (Juss. gcu. p. 145.) leaves 4 in a whorl ;
ovate-lanceolate, shining; corymbs terminal, and in the forks of
the branches. fj . S. Native of Bourbon, Isle of France.
Ophioxylon Ochrosia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 266. Rauwolfia striata,
Poir. diet. 4. p. 85. no. 5. suppl. 4. p. 120. and p. 656. Dide-
rota amphicarpa, Comm. mss. Cerbera Borbonica, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 642. Habit of Ophioxylon serpentlnum. Stem yel-
lowish. Leaves 2-5 inches long, greenish yellow beneath.
Corymbs dense. Corolla cream-coloured. Drupes 2-celled.
LWion Ochrosia. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub.
2 O. macula'ta (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 218. icon. rar. 2. t. 321, ex-
lusive of the syn. of Forst. Dryander, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 227.)
leaves 3-4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, undulated, veiny, spotted ; corymbs terminal, and in the
forks of the branches, or axillary, h . S. Native of the Island
of Bourbon. Cerbera maculata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1223. Cerbera
undulata, Andr. rep. t. 130. The leaves only spotted in the
dried state, shining, 4 inches long. Corolla white, with a red
throat. Fruit yellow, acuminated, containing a 2-celled nut.
Spotted-leaved Ochrosia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 O. elliftica (Labill. sert. cal. p. 25. t. 30.) leaves elliptic,
3 in a whorl ; drupe 4-celled. ^ . S. Native of New Cale-
donia. An erect shrub. Leaves emarginate, coriaceous ; pe-
tioles furnished with papillaeform or lamellose resin inside.
Flowers sub-corymbose, interpetiolar and terminal. Follicles
sub-triquetrous.
EltipticAcaved Ochrosia. Shrub erect.
4 O. PARVIFLORA ; Icavcs 4 in a whorl, oblong, bluntish, pa-
rallelly-veined, flat ; cymes pedunculate, sub-axillary, branched,
divaricate. Jj . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Cerbera
parviflora, Forst. prod. no. 121. Hook, and Arn. in Beech, voy
pt. bot. p. 90. Very nearly allied to 0. maculata.
Smallflowered Ochrosia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemonlana, p. 92.
XLV. OPHTO'XYLON (from o<piQ, aphis, a serpent ; and
iv\o>', xylon, wood ; twisted root and stems.) Lin. gen. no. 142.
Juss. gen. 321. Gaertn. friict. 2. p. 129. t. 109. Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 530. Blum, bijdr. p. 1037.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, or 5-
toothed, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long tube,
which is thickened in the middle, and a 5-cleft, oblique limb.
Anthers almost sessile, inserted in the middle of the tube.
Ovarium didymous ; lobes 1-ovulate. Style filiform, inclosed;
stigma capitate. Drupe baccate, black, size of a pea, twin, or
solitary by abortion, each containing a I-seeded, wrinkled nut.
Embryo inverted, straight, nearly as long as the albumen, with
round, cordate cotyledons, and a sub-cylindrical radicle. Albu-
men conforming to the seed, greenish white. — A glabrous, twining
o 2
100
APOCYNE^. XLV. Ophioxylon. XLVI. Vallesia. XLVII. Kopsia. XLVIII. Calpicarpum.
or climbing shrub, with verticillate leaves ; and axillary, pedun-
cled fascicles of flowers.
1 O. SERPENTiNUM (Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 398.) I- . ^. S. Native
of the East Indies, in many places ; in rich soil it becomes a
climber or twiner ; but in poor soil it is a small, erect shrub.
Wendt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 53. t. 7. f. 2. Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. 3. t. 389. Sims. bot. mag. 784. O. trifoliktiim,
Gcertn. friict. 2. t. 129.? — Burm. zeyl. 141. t. 64. — Rheed.
mal. G. p. 81. t. 47. — Rumph. amb. 7. p. 29. t. IG. Leaves
3-4-5 in a whorl, cuneate-oblong, acute, waved, 4-5 inches long.
Cymes axillary, on long peduncles, erect, and sometimes droop-
ing ; pedicels and calyxes red, which, with the white corollas,
gives the cymes a pretty appearance. Dr. Wallich seems to
think the 0. trifoliaium, Gacrtn. to be a distinct species, although
he knows notliing to be compared to it. In India the root of
0. serpenlhium is employed for the cure of various disorders, by
the Telinga physicians. First, in substance, inwardly, as a
febrifuge. Secondly, in the same manner, after the bite of
poisonous animals. The juice is also expressed, and dropped
into the eye, for the same purpose. And, thirdly, it is adminis-
tered, in substance, to promote delivery in tedious cases.
Serfentine Snake-Wood. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1690. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85.
XLVI. VALLE^SIA (named by the authors of the Flora
Peruviana, after T. Vallesio, physician to Philip II. of Spain.)
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 26. t. 151. f. B. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233. t. 241.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx small, 5-parted,
permanent. Corolla salver-shaped : with a slender, elongated
tube, and a widened hairy throat ; segments oblique. Sta-
mens inclosed ; anthers ovate-sagittate, free. Ovaria two.
Style didymous ; stigma sub-clavate. Drupes 2, distinct, sub-
clavate, containing each a 1-celled, 1-seeded, fibry, striated
nut. Embryo straight, central : with oblong, obtuse, plano-
convex, fleshy cotyledons : and an inferior, thick, terete, acutish
radicle. Albumen thin, fleshy, white. — Small glabrous trees or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, without glands. Peduncles opposite
the leaves, dichotomous, many-flowered. Flowers small, white.
1 V. CHiococcoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
233.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat conduplicate ;
peduncles opposite the leaves, dichotomous. Vi . S. Native of
South America, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros, on the
banks of the river Amazon, near Tomependa, where it is called
Clinv'ir'mgana. Segments of corolla obliquely ovate, obtuse.
Corollas white.
Chiococca-like Vallesia. Fl. May. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
2 V. DicHOTOMA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 26. t. 151. f h.)
leaves ovate, acute, undulated, shining ; peduncles corymbose,
dichotomous, opposite the leaves. Ij . S. Native of Peru.
Leaves 2-5 inches long. Corolla white, with a greenish tube.
Nut oval-oblong.
Dichotomous Vallesia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub
8 to 1 0 feet.
3 V. cymbifolia (Ort. dec. p. 58.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
boat-shaped, incurved at top ; peduncles opposite the leaves,
dichotomous, corymbose, few-flowered. ^2 • S. Native of New
Spain. Rauuolfia glabra, Cav. icon. 3. p. 50. t. 297. Vallesia
dichotoma, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 656. Calycine teeth small. Co-
rolla white ; segments obliquely-ovate, acute.
Boat-leaved \a.\\es\a. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 3
to 6 feet.
4 V. puncta'ta (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 642.) leaves alternate,
petiolate, oblong-attenuated at both ends, full of pellucid dots ;
brandies and petioles granular ; fascicles of flowers pedunculate ;
corolla granular outside. Ij . S. Native of Brazil.
Dotted Vallesia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontdna, p. 92.
Tribe VII.
KOPSIE'iE. Ovarium double. Fruit drupaceous. Albu-
men wanting.
XLVII. KO'PSIA (meaning not explained by the author.)
Blum, bijdr. p. 1030.
Ltn. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed,
permanent. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube ventricose at apex ;
throat coarctate, villous ; segments of the limb spreading or
reflexed. Stamens 5, inclosed, free. Style filiform, not ex-
serted; stigma oblong, undivided, downy at top. Drupes two,
or solitary by abortion, coriaceous, divided by an incomplete
dissepiment inside, 1-seeded. Embryo inverted. Albumen
none. — Lactescent trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves ; and
lateral and terminal pedunculate, bracteate cymes of flowers.
1 K. aeborea (BluiTi. bijdr. p. 1030.) arboreous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate ; segments of corolla broad-lanceolate. tj .
S. Native of Java, in woods, on the mountains, where it is
called Kiluttmg. Flowers white.
Tree Kopsia. Fl. year. Tree.
2 K. viNC/EFLORA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1030.) shrubby; leaves
oblong-lanceolate; segments of corolla oval. 1j. S. Native of
Java, on the Salak mountains. Throat of corolla red.
Vinca-jlonered Kopsia. Fl. year. Shrub.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see TabernoBmontdna, p. 92.
XLVIII. CALPICA'RPUM (from koKitiq, calpis, an urn ;
and Kupiroc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the
fruit.) Cerbera species, Roxb. and Lam.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg-
ments lanceolate, permanent, each ending in a gland. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, swelling at the throat; throat
highly coloured and hairy, but neither furnished with teeth
nor scales. Segments of limb obovate, oblong, equal-sided.
Stamens 5, inserted round the bottom of the swelled part of the
tube ; anthers sagittate, inclosed. Ovaria twin, 2-celled ; on
the sides where they meet, there is a small subulate scale cover-
ing the fissure: cells 1 -ovulate. Ovula attached to the middle
of the partition. Stigma large, with a 2-lobed apex, hid by the
converging anthers. Drupe, or rather capsule, usually solitary,
oblique, urn-shaped, villous, with a slit down the middle, semi-
bivalved, 1-celled, opening up the inside, and along the apex ;
pulp hardly any, the whole substance being thin, and rather
fibrous. Seeds solitary, ovate-oblong ; integument simple,
white, pretty thick and .soft. Albumen none. Embryo erect,
with pale yellow cotyledons, conforming to the seed ; and an
ovate, superior radicle. — Glabrous shrulis, with dichotomous
branches ; broad, opposite, lanceolate leaves ; and terminal co-
rymbs of red flowers.
1 C. Roxbu'rghii ; leaves opposite, remote, oblong to lan-
ceolate, glabrous, acuminated ; corymbs at first terminal, but
afterwards in the forks, with sub-trichotomous, short divisions.
Tj . S. Native of Pegu. Cerbera fruticosa, Ro\b. fl. ind. 2.
p. 526. Ker. bot. reg. 391. Flowers size of those of Vincu
rosea, the mouth of a lively red, the rest of a bright pink, rather
fragrant, and extremely ornamental.
7foa:6«>-jO-/('i Calpicarpum. Fl. year. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 to 6 ft.
2 C. ? Lama'rkii ; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, rounded or
blunt at the apex ; panicles corymbose, short, in the forks of the
branches ; flowers small. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies; and
the Moluccas, if Cerbera salutaris, Lour, be the same. Lac-
taria salubris, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 255. t. 84. Cerbera oppo-
sitifblia. Lam. diet. 1. p. 62. suppl. 1. p. 262. Cerbera salu-
taris. Lour. coch. Blum, bijdr. 1033. Flowers red? Ca-
APOCYNEjE. XLIX. Melodinus. L. Cakpodinus. LI. Ciiilocarpus. LII, Willughbeia.
101
lycine segments small, connivent, ex Blume. Cymes on long
peduncles, dichotomous, many-flowered.
Lamarh's Calpicarpura. Shrub or tree.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92.
Tribe VIII.
MELODINIE^E. Fruit baccate, 2-celled, solitary. Seeds
naked, flattened, imbedded in pulp. Ovula attached to two ele-
vated receptacles, which rise from the middle of the partition.
XLIX. MELODrNUS (so named by Foster, from jur/Xor,
melon, an apple; and co'tw, d'ineo, to turn round; in reference
to the fruit being like an apple, and the stems twining.) Forst.
gen. 'i'o. Juss. gen. 148. Schreb. gen. no. 425. suppl. 23.
Labill. sert. caled. p. 29.
LiN. SYST. Pentdmlria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, im-
bricate. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments of the limb oblique,
twisted to the right : corona in the throat of 5 bifid or quadrifid
segments, alternating with the segments of the corolla. Stamens
5, inserted in the tube, inclosed, with very short filaments, and
ovate anthers. Ovarium ovate ; placentas 2, fixed to the dis-
sepiment. Style simple ; stigma dilated, conical, with a bifid
apex. Berry globose, 2-celled, pulpy inside. Seeds many,
flattened a little, wrinkled, nestling in the pulp, albuminous. —
Lactescent, erect, or climbing shrubs ; v\ith opposite leaves, and
opposite axillary cymes of flowers.
§ 1 . Segments of corona bifd or quadrijid.
1 M. PHYLLiR^oiDES (Labill. sert. cal. p. 29. t. 33.) stem
erect, cymes opposite, axillary ; leaves rhomboid, coriaceous ;
corona of 5 quadrifid segments, tj . G. Nativeof New Caledonia.
Leaves rhomboid, or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, \^ to 2 inches long.
P/i!/llirea-tike Melodinus. Shrub 6 feet.
2 ISl. Baue'ri (Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 57.) leaves
elliptic-oblong, acute, ribbed, shining ; corymbs axillary, oppo-
site, shorter than the leaves ; corona of 5 bifid segments. h .
^. G. Native of Norfolk Island. Bauer, ill. pi. ins. norf. t.
140. and t. 164. Leaves 4 inches long. Berry globose, yellow,
warted, about the size of an orange.
Bauer's Melodinus. Shrub climbing.
3 M. scA^NnENS (Forst. fl. austr. no. 125. Lin. syst. 256.)
glabrous; stem climbing ; leaves oblong-ovate ; cymes opposite,
axillary ; corona of the corolla of 5 cloven, lacerated segments.
^ . ^. S. Native of New Caledonia. Lam. ill. t. 179.
Climbing Melodinus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub cl.
^ 2. Segmetils of corona entire.
4 M. MONOGYNus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 56. Ker. bot. reg.
834.) glabrous; climbing; leaves lanceolate, shining, acumi-
nated ; panicles axillary and terminal, sub-globidar, brachiate,
crowded; corolla 5-parted ; segments sub -falcate ; scales in the
mouth of the tube, entire, ensiform ; style short ; stigma ovate,
emarginate at top. ^ . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called
Sadul. Corolla white, fragrant. Extreme divisions of panicles
3-flovvered. Berry 4 cornered, yellow, size of an orange, con-
taining edible pulp.
Monogynous Melodinus. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
5 M. EUGENiiEFOLiA (Wall. Cat. no. 1616.) petioles, branch-
lets, peduncles, and calyxes, clothed with rusty down ; leaves
elliptic, acuminated, with parallel, alternate veins, running into
an almost marginal nerve ; peduncles panicled, axillary ; brac-
teas foliaceous. Fj . S. Native of Penang. Fruit size of a
middling gooseberry. Scales in the throat of the corolla undi-
vided. Perhaps a distinct genus.
Eugenia-leaved Melodinus. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
L. CARPODTNUS (from Ka^izoc, karpos, a fruit ; and
Siviw, dineo, to turn round ; a name given to separate it from
Melodinus.) R. Br. mss.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, hairy, 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, oblicpie,
reflexed ; anthers 5, sagittate, conniving. Style 1 ; .stigma round.
Fruit orange-formed, 2-celled? many-seeded. Seeds flattened,
nestling in pulp. — Climbing, cirrhiferous shrubs ; with opposite
leaves : and twin, axillary, 1 -flowered peduncles.
1 C. du'lcis ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; tendrils
axillary ; flowers almost sessile, twin, axillary. ^ . ^. S. Na-
tive of Sierra Leone, in the neighbourhood of Freetown, where it
is called Sweet Pishamin, a name introduced by the Nova Scotia
settlers.
(SWei-fruited Carpodinus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Sh. cl.
2 C. a'cida ; fruit rounder, and much smaller. ^ . ^. S.
Native of Sierra Leone.
.<4ctrf-fruited Carpodinus. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
LI. CHILOCA'KPUS (from x'^'-''^"^' cheilos, a lip; and
KapTTog, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the fruit opening at one
side.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1025.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla salver-shaped ; tube thickened in the middle ; segments
of the limb 5, oblique. Anthers sagittate, almost sessile, in-
serted in the middle of the tube, inclosed. Stigma capitate,
inclosed among the anthers. Capsule large, corticate, 1 -celled,
filled with granular pulp inside, dehiscing at the side when ripe.
Seeds nuinerous, compressed, convolutely furrowed on one
side, wrapped in membranes which rise from the parietes of the
capsule. Albumen horny. Cotyledons foliaceous. — Climbing
shrubs, with opposite, simple leaves, and axillary cymes of
flowers. This genus is nearly allied to Willughbeia, but is
easily distinguished from that genus, in the fruit being capsular,
and in the seeds being albuminous.
1 C. suAVE^oLENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1025.) leaves oblong,
glabrous, with five parallel veins ; flowers sub-cymose, axillary ;
pedicels covered with imbricating bracteas. P; . ^. S. Native
of Java, on the mountains, where it is called Aroy Gambier ; and
Tjunkankan-lalan.
Sweet-scented Chilocarpus. Shrub cl.
2 C. denuda'tus (Blum. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, pa-
rallelly veined, glabrous ; cymes axillary, few-flowered ; pedicels
bractless. \i . ^j. ?i. Native of Java, in woods, on the Salak
inountains.
A^aAerf-pedicelled Chilocarpus. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
LII. WILLUGHBE^IA (named after Francis Willughby,
F.R.S., a friend and pupil of Ray ; author of Ornithologia,
1676; and Historia Piscium, 1678; published by Ray, after
his death, which happened in 1672, at the age of 37 years.;
Scop. Schreb. gen. no. 417. Roxb. H. ind. 2. p. 57. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1023.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla salver-shaped ; tube thickened in the middle; limb of 5
oblique segments. Stamens inclosed ; anthers ovate, fxeti.
Ovarium 2-celled. Style didymous ; stigma conical. Ovula
attached to 2 opposite, parietal placentas. Berry large, corticate,
half 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds in rows, exalbuminous, ni-
dulent. Cotyledons plano-convex. — Climbing, usually cirrhi-
ferous shrubs; with opposite, glabrous leaves; and axillary,
pedunculate cymes of flowers.
1 W. EDuYis (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 57. Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.)
climbing, cirrhiferous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acumi-
nated, with parallel veins ; peduncles cymose, axillary, shorter
than the petioles. [- . ^. S. Native of the Mauritius, Cliitta-
gong, and Silhet. Flowers pale pink. Berry very large,
globular, 1 -celled. The milky, viscid juice, which flows from
102 APOCYNEiE. LIII. Ambellania. LIV. Pacouria. LV. Hancornia. LVI, Landolphia. LVII. Couma, &c.
every part of the plant, is changed into a had kind of elastic
rubber, or caoutchouc, on exposure to the air.
Edible Willughbeia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub el.
2 W. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.) climbing, cirrliife-
rous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish at the apex, with fine
parallel veins : peduncles cymiferous, axillary, longer than the
leaves. 1^ . ^j. S. Native of Java, in woods, on the Seribu and
Salak mountains, where it is called Aroy Kihattarah.
Java Willughbeia. Fl. March, July. Shrub cl.
3 W. Cele'bica (Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.) climbing; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated, veiny ; peduncles axillary, cymi-
ferous, about equal in length to the petioles. Ij . ^. S. Native
of the Celebes.
Celebes Willughbeia. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl.
4 W. Martaba'na (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 45. t. 272.)
cirrhiferous, scandent, glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi-
nated, parallelly nerved ; berries globose, f^ . ^. S. Native of
the province of Martaban, at Amherst, and Moalmeyne. Fruit
yellow, about the size of an orange. This is very nearly allied
to W. eiUdh.
Martaban Willughbeia. Shrub cl.
5 W. coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 1020.) leaves coriaceous,
shining above, and rusty beneath, elliptic, short-acuminated,
obtuse, tendrils as in the last species. ^ . ^. S. Native of
Singapore.
Coriaceous-lcaMeA Willughbeia. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
LIII. AMBELLA'NIA. (Ambellani is the Guiana name
of the shrub.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 266. t. 104. Juss. gen. 144.
Fagrae'a species, Wilkl. Willughbeia species, Willd.
Lin. syst. Pcntandr'ia, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted ;
segments acute. Corolla tubular, with a narrow throat ; and a
.5-cleft, oblique, undulated limb. Stamens 5, inclosed ; anthers
sagittate. Style tetragonal ; stigma seated on a flat, orbicular
disc; bi-cuspidate at the apex. Berry ovate, oblong, fleshy, large,
2-celled, many-seeded, warted. Seeds broad, compressed, mu-
ricate, fixed to the slender receptacle or dissepiment. — A small,
lactescent tree. Leaves opposite. Peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, 3-4-flowered, unibracteate.
1 A. a'cida (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 206. t. 104.) leaves ovate-
oblong, glabrous, quite entire, undulated on the edges. \ . S.
Native of Guiana and Cayenne. Willoughbeia acida, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1231. Leaves 7 inches long, and 3 broad, on short,
half-embracing petioles. Flowers whitish. Berry citron-co-
loured, warted. Bracteas at the base, of each peduncle, and
each flower. The fruit, macerated in water, has a pleasant acid
flavour.
/^cirf-fruited Ambellania. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92.
LIV. PACOU'RIA (Pacouri-rana is the Guiana name of
the tree.) Aubl, guian. 1. p. 279, t. 105. Juss. gen. 148.
Willughbeia species, Willd.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogytiia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent; segments obovate, roundish, acute. Corolla with a
short tube, and a 5-cleft limb ; segments oblique, undulated.
Stamens short, inclosed ; anthers cuspidate. Style tetragonal ;
stigma as in Ambellania. Berry large, pear-shaped, fleshy, pulpy,
1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds hard, angular, nestling in the pulp.
— A lactescent shrub, with sarmentose, nodose branches. Leaves
opposite at the nodi. Racemes axillary on long peduncles,
twining by tendrils.
1 P. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, undu-
lated, glabrous, large, entire, having the nerves red and pro-
minent beneath ; petioles stem-clasping ; flowers fascicled on
the racemes, which are branched. Ij . ^. S. Native of
Guiana. Willughbeia scandens, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1231.
Flowers yellow.
Guiana Pacouria. Shrub cl. or tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
LV. HANCO'RNIA (meaning unknown to us.) Gomez
in act. acad. Oliss. 1812. p. 51. with a figure. Mart. act. bonn.
11. p. 84. Mangaibo, Pis. med. bras. p. 76.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted.
Corolla salver-shaped ; tube long, ventricose at top ; segments
of the limb ovate-acute, 3 times shorter than the tube. Stamens
inclosed, pilose ; anthers oblong, connivent. Stigma bifid, seated
on a cylindre. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded. Albumen hard,
fleshy.
1 H. spEciosA (Gomez. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, coriaceous,
bluntly cuspidate, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, usually 3-
flowered. Pj . S. Native of Brazil.
Showy Hancornia. Tree 20 feet.
2 H. pube'scens (Mart, in act. bonn. 11. p. 85.) leaves ob-
long, acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, downy ;
cymes terminal, sessile, dichotomous. T^ . S. Native of Brazil.
Downy Hancornia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92.
LVL LANDO'LPHIA (named by Beauvois, after M. Lan-
dolphe, a captain in the French navy, commander of an expediton
to Waree, who was of great assistance to Palisot de Beauvois,
during his stay in Africa.) Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 54. t. 34.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx ])ernianent ; 5-6-
cleft ; segments coriaceous, sub-imbricate. Corolla tubular, with
oblique segments, and a villous throat. Stamens 5. Ovarium 10-
striped. Style thickened at top ; stigma sub-bifid. Berry fleshy,
nearly globose, depressed at top, 1-celled. Seeds many, ovate,
compressed. — A shrub, with straight, terete branches. Leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, acute, petiolate, glabrous,
5-6 inches long. Flowers white, disposed in terminal, panicled
corymbs, with opposite branches ; and very short pedicels.
1 L. Owarie'nsis (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 54. t. 34.) Ij . S.
Native of Guinea, in the interior of the kingdom of Waree.
Waree Landolphia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92.
LVII. COUMA (Couma is the Caribbean name of the tree.)
Aubl. Guian. suppl. p. 39. t. 392.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. ? Calyx, corolla, stamens,
and pistil unknown. Berry globose, rusty, compressed at top, 3-4
or 5-celled. Seeds 3-4-5, orbicular, flat, covered with rust-
coloured pulp. — A tree, with thick bark, bushy at top ; branch-
lets trigonal, nodose. Leaves 3 in a whorl, at the nodi, stiff,
glabrous, ovate, acuminated, pale green above, but paler beneath,
on short petioles. Peduncles rising single from the nodi, short,
bearing 4-5 berries on long pedicels, which are very palatable
when ripe.
1 C. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of Guiana
and Cayenne, in woods. Leaves opposite, or 3-4 in a whorl ;
the branches always terminated by 3 leaves.
Guiana Couma. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92.
Tribe IX.
ALLAMANDIE'iE. Fruit capsular, composed of 2 joined
follicles, prickly or smooth. Seeds fixed to a central placenta,
of the figure of a buckler, surrounded by a membranous wing.
Albumen wanting.
LVIII. ALLAMA'NDA (so named after Frederick Alla-
mand, a surgeon of Holme, who went to Guiana about 1769,
and to Russia in 1776. He sent specimens and descriptions
APOCYNE/E. LVIII. Allamanda. LIX. Aspidosperma.
103
of plants to Linnteus.) Lin. mant. 146. syst. \2i)5. p. 252.
Gaertn. fiuct. 1. p. 293. t. 61. Juss. 148. Pohl, bras. 1. p. 70.
— Orelia, Aubl. giiian. t. 106. — Galirips, Allaniand.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parte(l ; seg-
ments lanceolate-oblong, acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with
a narrow tube : and a swollen, large, inflated limb, which is 5-
cleft at the apex ; furnished with 5 scales in the throat of the
tube, which cover the anthers. Anthers 5, almost sessile, con-
verging. Style 1 ; stigma capitate, contracted in the middle,
adhering to the anthers. Capsule echinated, roundish elliptic,
1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds surrounded by a mem-
branous edge, fixed to the edge of the valves. Albumen
wanting. — Lactescent shrubs or sub-shrubs, with verticillate
leaves ; terminal and interpetiolar many-flowered peduncles.
Flowers large, yellow. This genus differs from all other Apo-
cyneous plants, in the figure of the corolla. It agrees, in some
respects, with Ambellunia, Pacouria, and Melodinus.
1 A. cENOTiiERiFoLiA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 71. t. 57.) stem
straight ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acute, attenuated at the
base, pilose on the nerves beneath. I7 . S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Goyaz, in humid places, among bushes. Stem
fistular. Flowers large, yellow.
Evening Primrose-leaved Allamanda. Shrub.
2 A. ScHOTTii (Pohl, bras, 1. p. 73. t. 58.) stem erect;
leaves oblong, acuminated, 4 in a whorl, quite glabrous on both
surfaces. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the river
Parabyba. A. Braziliensis, Schott. A. cathartica, Schrad.
in Gott. anz. 1821. p. 701. no. 6. and p. 718. no. 42. Flowers
large, yellow.
Hchotl's Allamanda. Shrub 6 feet.
3 A. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 73. t. 59.) stems erect ;
leaves 4-5 in a whorl, narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated,
rather pilose. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Goyaz, in boggy places, about Meyapoute. Flowers large,
yellow.
Narrow-leaved Allamanda. Shrub.
4 A. LiNN.«'i (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 74.) stem scandent ; leaves
4 in a whorl, obovate, obtuse, acutish, with sub-undulated edges,
glabrous. (^ . ^. S. Native of the Antilles. A. cathartica,
Lin. mant. 214. suppl. 165. Schrad. in Wendl. sert. hann. fasc.
1. p. 6. t. 22. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 293. t. 61. f. 4.— Plum,
icon. p. 21. t. 29. Flowers large, yellow. The branches are
said to be downy.
ii»?itc(«'« Allamanda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1785. Shrub cl.
5 A. Auble'tii (Pohl, bras. I. p. 75.) stems scandent; leaves
4-5 in a whorl, broad-oblong, acuminated, rusty beneath. Pj .
S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne, Maranham, Surinam ; and in
the Island of Arrowabish, near Esseqnibo; and on the banks of
the Orinoco, near Carichana. A. cathartica, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 186, exclusive of the syn. of Lin. and Willd. H. B.
et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 229. Meyer, esseq. p. 129.
Curt. bot. mag. 338. Lam. ill. 303. t. 171. Orelia grandiflora,
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 271. t. 106, exclusive of the synonymes.
Echites salicifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Leaves
rather hairy beneath, especially on the nerves, as well as the young
branches. Flowers large, yellow. We have seen this species
growing wild in Maranham; but it did not appear to us to be
in any way scandent.
^M6^e/'i Allamanda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1785. Shrub cl.
6 A. verticiela'ta (Desf. tabl. de recol. ed. 2d. p. 93. Pohl,
bras. 1. p. 75. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 584.) leaves usually 6 in a
whorl, ovate-oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous. ^ . S. Native of
South America. Flowers large, yellow.
/r/iof/erf-leaved Allamanda. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of Allamanda are worth cultivating, in
every collection of stove plants, for the sake of the beauty of
12
their large, yellow flowers, and whorls of showy foliage. A
mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is tlie best soil for them ; and
cuttings strike root freely in the same kind of earth, under a
hand glass, in heat. They require a strong, moist heat to make
them flower freely.
LIX. ASPIDOSPE'RMA (from aairiQ a(nriSoQ, aspis aspidos,
a buckler ; and airtpfia, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the
shape of the seeds.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 57.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
5-parted ; segments lanceolate. Corolla 5-cleft ; segments lan-
ceolate, acute or obtuse, contorted. Stamens 5, adnate to the
tube ; which is naked beneath the throat ; the rest free. Anthers
erect, ovate, inserted above the base of the tube, filled with
globose pollen, even to the base. Ovaria twin, combined at the
base. Stigma clavate, umbonate, bearded or naked. Capsules
solitary or twin, obovate, compressed, unequal-sided. Seeds
numerous, surrounded by a membranous wing, peltate, with-
out albumen. — Trees with spreading, squarrose, or refracted
branches, covered usually with suberose or solid bark ; ovate,
quite entire, alternate, sessile, petiolate leaves, which are usually
clothed with down ; and terminal cymes of small white flowers.
Fruit usually one in each cyme.
1 A. TOMENTosuM (Mart. bras. 1. p. 58. t, 34.) bark of
branches corky ; leaves crowded at the tops of the branches
into round heads, ovate, tapering at the base, almost sessile,
tomentose ; cymes compound, densely crowded. Tj . S. Native
of Brazil, in the mine provinces, where it is called Pereiro do
Campo. Leaves ovate or obovate. Corollas white, villous
outside, and downy inside; with linear-lanceolate, acute seg-
ments, which are downy outside, and glabrous inside. Capsule
obovate, usually solitary.
Tomentose Aspidosperma. Tree 10 feet.
2 A. macroca'kpon (Mart. 1. c. p. 59.) bark of branches
solid ; leaves broad-ovate, sub-cordate, petiolate, bluntish, co-
riaceous, glabrous above, in the adult state ; cymes compound,
dense. P; . S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, be-
tween Tejuco and Serra do Gran Mogol. Bark warted, covered
with soft down while young. Leaves coriaceous, clothed with
dense white tomentum above when young, but always beneath.
Cymes tomentose. Corolla white, globose at the base ; with
lanceolate, obtuse segments, which are tomentose outside, and
glabrous inside.
Large-fruited Aspidospermum. Tree 10 feet.
3 A. refra'ctum (Mart. 1. c. p. 60.) bark solid ; branches
dichotomous, refracted ; leaves ovale, acute, downy ; cymes
simple, few-flowered. h • S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Bahia, in the woods called Catingas, between the town
of Cactete and Maracas.
Refracted-branched Aspidosperma. Tree.
4 A. BicoLOR (Mart. 1. c. p. 60.) bark solid ; branches squar-
rose ; leaves petiolate, obovate, obtuse, glabrous above, and
clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. ^ . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Pianhia, among bushes.
Z'7i'o-eo/oHr«/-Ieaved Aspidosperma. Tree or shrub.
5 A. PYRiFOLiuM (Mart. 1. c.) bark solid; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces. ^ . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Pianhia, among bushes near Geiras,
and elsewhere, on the edges of woods.
Pear-lcavcd Aspidosperma. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Allamanda, above.
Tribe X.
CARANDI&iE (this tribe contains shrubs agreeing with
Carandas in particular characters). Fruit solitary, baccate.
Seeds peltate, naked. Albumen copious, ratlier horny.
104
APOCYNE^. LX. Carissa.
LX. CARl'SSA {Krishna-pak}]hula is the Sanscrit name of
C. Cardndas, and Ooiissa is that of C. diffusa). Lin. syst.
251. Schieb. gen. 413. Juss. gen. 149. R. Br. prod.
468.
Lin. syst. Pentindria, Monogy'n'ia. Calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped; limb 5-parted ; throat naked. Sta-
mens 5, inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells few-seeded. Style
filiform ; stigma dilated from the base, bifid. Berry 2-celled ;
cells 1 or few-seeded. Seeds peltate. Embryo inverted. —
Shrubs. Leaves opposite, furnished with intrapetiolar bristles.
Peduncles axillary and terminal, many-floivered, every where
becoming sterile and spinescent. Flowers white.
* Species nal'wes of New Holland.
1 C. ova'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 4C8.) shrub spiny, erect ;
branches brachiate ; branchlets scabrous ; leaves broad-elliptic,
acute, mucronate, glabrous, with rather branched veins ; spines
straight, divaricate, 3 times shorter than the leaves. f; . S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Oi;o?e-leaved Carissa. Fl. June. Nov. Clt. 1819. Shrub.
2 C. sca'bra (R. Br. 1. c.) shrub spiny, diffuse ; leaves ovate,
mucronate, scabrous on both surfaces. fj . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Scabious Carissa. Shrub diffuse.
3 C. lanceola'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) spiny ; leaves narrow-lanceo-
late ; segments of corolla lanceolate-subulate. 1; . S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic. There are 2 varieties of
this species ; the one glabrous, with smooth branches ; and the
other having the branchlets and leaves here and there downy.
Lanceolate-leaved Carissa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh.
* * Species natives of the East Indies.
4 C. CARA'NDAs(Lin.mant. p. 52.)subarboreous; leaves ovate,
mucronate, or elliptic, obtuse, glabrous ; spines often 2-forked ;
corymbs terminal and axillary, few-flowered ; cells of fruit 4-
seeded. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in wild, woody,
dry, uncidtivated phices. Lam. ill. t. 118. f. 1. ann. mus. 8.
t. 3^. f. 2. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 55. t. 77. Lodd. bot. cab. 663.
Capparis Carandas, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 80G. Echites spinosa,
Burm. ind. p. 69. Carandas, Rumph. amb. 7. p. 57. t. 25. —
Plukn. aim. p. 235. t. 305. f. 4. Branches dichotomous. Spines
always in pairs at the divisions of the branches, and at every
other pair of leaves, often forked. Peduncles terminal, usually
twin. Flowers milky-white, jasmine-like. Berry size of a
small plum, when ripe of a shining black. The Carandas makes
exceedingly strong fences ; the number and the strength of their
thorns render them almost impassable. The fruit, just before
ripe, is employed to make tarts and preserves of various kinds,
also to pickle, and by most people reckoned superior for these
uses to every other fruit in the country, not even the mango
excepted. They are universally eaten by the natives, when
ripe, and are tolerably pleasant to the taste even of an Euro-
pean.
Carandas Carissa. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1790. Tree 15 to 20 ft.
5 C. DiFFu'sA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 524.) shrub diffuse, spiny,
with dichotomous branches ; leaves almost sessile, roundish-
ovate, cordate, mucronate, polished ; corymbs terminal, rarely
axillary, many-flowered ; cells of berry 2-seeded. h • ^- Na-
tive of the East Indies, in the Ganjan district, and from thence
northward to the mouth of the Hoogly. Spines as in Cardndas,
simple bifid or twice bifid. Mucrone of leaves recurved.
Flowers pure white. Berries black when ripe, size of a French
bean.
Diffuse Carissa. Shrub diffuse.
6 C. macrophv'lla (Wall. cat. no. 1679.) leaves ovate, acu-
minated, glabrous, shining ; spines short, hooked; flowers ter-
minal and axillary, corymbose. Ij . S. Native of the East
Indies. C. mitis, Herb. Heyne, but hardly of Vahl. Leaves
3 inches long and 1^ broad at the base.
Large-leaved Carissa. Shrub or tree.
7 C. viLLosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 525.) shrub downy, tender
parts villous ; leaves from broad-lanceolate to oblong, acute,
soft from down, particularly while young ; flowers terminal,
by threes or sevens ; cells of fruit 2-seeded. It . .S. Native
of the East Indies. C. hirsiita, Heyne ex Roth. spec. 128.
Branchlets dichotomous. Spines strong and very sharp, less
frequently compound than in the 2 preceding species. Corolla
small, white, with a curved tube, and linear-lanceolate, acute
segments. Berries round, the size of a pea, blackish purple.
Bark of the woody part of the plant spongy.
Villous Carissa. Shrub.
8 C. sALiciNA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 554.) shrub spiny; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, veiny, narrower towards the pe-
tioles ; flowers in sub-corymbose fascicles. y^ . S. Native of
the East Indies. Spines strong, straight, simple. Perhaps
only a variety of C. Carandas, with narrower leaves.
WillonujAeaveA Carissa. Shrub or small tree.
9 C. spina'rum (Lin. syst. 251. mant. 559.) shrub spiny ;
leaves ovate, acute, veiny, shining ; peduncles terminal, 4-5-
flowered ; segments of corolla lanceolate ; cells of berry 2-
seeded. fj . S. Native of the East Indies and Japan. Lam.
ill. t. 118. f. 2. Lodd. bot. cab. 162. 'I'hunb. jiip. 108.
Branches dichotomous. Spines 2 at each ramification, opposite,
the one above the branch and the other below it, red at top and
shining, as in C. Carandas. Leaves small. Teeth of calyx
subulate. Corolla white, with lanceolate-oblong segments.
Berry black, size of a pea.
Spimj Caxissa. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1809. Tree.
IOC. axilla'ris (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 52t).) shrub armed
with simple, opposite, recurved spines ; leaves oblong, on short
petioles ; corymbs pedunculate, axillary, many-flowered. Ij . S.
Native of the Moluccas. Flowers white.
Axillary-^oweveA Carissa. Shrub.
11 C. ine'rmis (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 43.) shrub without spines ;
leaves ovate, cordate, mucronate, veinless ; peduncles terminal,
tern ; calycine segments setaceous. Tj . S. Native of the East
Indies. Like C. spindrum, but differs in the leaves being 3
times the size, in tlie flowers being larger, and in tlie absence of
spines.
Unarmed Carissa. Shrul).
* * * Species natives of Africa and its islands.
12 C. Arduina (Lam. diet. 1. p. 555.) shrub spiny; leaves
cordate-ovate, mucronate, nearly sessile ; flowers terminal, co-
rymbose ; cells of berry 1 -seeded, h . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Arduina bispinosa, Lin. mant. p. 552. Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 387. Lycium cordatum, Mill. diet. no. 10. fig. p. 200.
t. 300. Spines twin, simple, but usually bifid ; in this last case
one of the clefts points downwards and the other upwards.
Leaves dark green, larger than those of box. Flowers white,
small, sweet-scented. Berry red.
Arduini's Carissa. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1760. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
13 C. edu'lis (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 22.) shrub spiny ; branches
villous at top ; leaves ovate, acute, veinless ; almost sessile ;
peduncles terminal, twin, or sometimes by threes ; calycine seg-
ments subulate, ciliated ; segments of corolla lanceolate-linear ;
cells of berry 1 -seeded. tj . S. Native of Arabia Felix, and of
Abyssinia. Antiira, Forsk. desc. p. 63. Antura Hadiensis,
Gmel. syst. veg 405. Spines strong, red at top. Berries
edible.
APOCYNE^. LX. Carissa. LXI. Hunteria. LXII. Monetia. LXIII. Alafia. LXIV. Leuconotis. 105
acuminated, deep green above and pale beneath ; peduncles
axillary, tricliotomous. Pj . S. Native of Tavoy.
£)ark-grccn-\eavcd Hunteria. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85.
Edible -berried Carissa. Shrub.
14 C. ? Xylopicron (Pet. Th. obs. pi. isl. austr. p. 24. and
p. SO.) shrub, spiny ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous,
3-5-nerved ; peduncles lateral, spiny, 1-2-flowered ; branches
forming a pyramidal cyme. H . S. Native of the Island of
Bourbon, about St. Denis. Branches bifurcate. Segments of
corolla acute. Berry middle-sized, ovate-oblong, succulent, an
inch long, attenuated at the apex, with a bipartite placenta, con-
taining 12-15 seeds.
Xylopicron or Bitter-wooded Carissa. Fl. July, Nov. Clt.
1820. Tree 20 feet.
15 C. coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 1681.) spiny ; leaves elliptic,
coriaceous, with revolute edges, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous,
shining above, fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. C. xylopicron,
Telfair, but hardly of Pet. Th. Leaves 2 or 2| inches long.
Corirtccoui-leaved Carissa. Shrub.
16 C. Madagascarie'nsis (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 80.) shrub spiny;
leaves ovate-roundish ; flowers small ; fruit round. 1; . S. Na-
tive of Madagascar. Very like C. xylopicron, but smaller in
all its parts ; and the fruit round, not oblong.
Madagascar Carissa. Tree small.
17 C. AbyssInica (R. Br. in Salt. trav. append.) this species
has not yet been described. V^ • S. Native of Abyssinia.
Abyssinian Carissa. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Strophdnthus, p. 85. for culture and propagation.
LXI. HUNTE-RIA (named by Roxburgh after William
Hunter, M. D., of the Bengal medical establishment; an emi-
nent botanist, and author of various papers m the Asiatic Re-
searches, of the History of Pegu, &'c.). Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 531.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent. Corolla funnel-shaped: having the tube gibbous at
the base, and swelled a little at the mouth ; segments oblique.
Stamens 5, with very short filaments, and ovate, inclosed anthers.
Ovarium girded by an annular fleshy ring, ovate, 2-lobed, 2-
celled ; with 2 ovula in each, attached by their base to the bottom
of the partition. Stigma ovate, 2-lobed, inclosed. Berries
twin, distinct, roundish-ovate, pulpy, 2-seeded. — Trees with
opposite, entire leaves ; and terminal, corymbose, small, white
flowers. — This genus differs from Carissa in the species being
unarmed, not thorny ; and in the berries being twin, not solitary.
1 H. corymbosa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 532.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, pointed, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, decus-
sate ; lobes of calyx ovate. fj . S. Native of the Prince of
Wales's Island. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad.
Flowers numerous, small, white.
Corymbose-i\o\\ ered Hunteria. Tree.
2 H. eugeni.ef6i.ia (W^all. cat. no. 1615.) downy in every
part; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, acuminated; panicles
terminal, trichotomous ; lobes of calyx rounded, f; . S. Na-
tive of Penang. Nerium coraca. Herb. Ham. Leaves purplish
beneath. Flowers rather large.
Eugenia-leaved Hunteria. Tree. ?
3 H. coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 1610.) leaves coriaceous, gla-
brous, shining above and pale beneath, obtuse ; racemes short,
axillary, and lateral. h . S. Native of Singapore. Flowers
small.
CoWaceo«.s-leaved Hunteria. Tree or shrub.
4 H.? FAScicuLARis (Wall. cat. no. 1612.) leaves opposite
or 3 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
pale beneath ; peduncles short, many-flowered, panicled, axil-
lary. 'r.S. Native of the Pundua mountains.
Fasc(c/«/-flowered Himteria. Shrub or tree.
5 H. ? atrovIrens (Wall. cat. no. 1614.) leaves elliptic,
VOL. IV.
"I" Genera hardly known.
LXII. MONETIA (so named by L'Heritier in honour of
his friend Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Knight of
Lamarck, of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, author of Flora
Gallica, and of the Encyclopedie Methodique Botanique, &c.).
L'Her. stirp. nov. t. 1. Azlma, Lam. ex Juss. gen. 425. Lam.
diet. 1. p. 343.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx ventricose, cam-
panulate, 3-4-cleft. Petals 4, linear, alternating with the seg-
ments of the calyx, somewhat reflexed at the apex. Stamens
4, inserted in the receptacle, alternating with the petals ; fila-
ments thickened ; anthers sagittate, incumbent. Style short ;
stigma acute. Fruit rather fleshy, pea-formed, 2-celled; cells
1-seeded. Seeds orbicular, compressed, or peltate. — Evergreen
spiny shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous. Flowers
axillary, solitary, sessile, small. According to Lamarck, Azlma
is nearly allied to Carissa, but differs in the corolla being poly-
petalous, and in the stamens being hypogynous.
1 M. tetraca'ntha ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, pun-
gent at apex ; spines stipular, 4 in a whorl. \i . S. Native of
the East Indies. M. barlerioides, Lher. stirp. t. I. Azima
tetracantha. Lam. diet. 1. p. 339. — Seb. thes. 1. t. 13. f. 1.
Branches slightly 4-cornered. Flowers axillary, few, in clusters,
of threes at the top, green.
Four-lhorned Moneua. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1758. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
2 M. diaca'ntha (Willd. spec. 1. p. 670.) spines opposite ;
leaves downy beneath, ovate, petiolate. I? . S. Native of the
East Indies. Azima diacantha. Lam. diet. 1. p. 340. — Pluk.
aim. 27. t. 133. f. 3.— Rheed. mal. 5. p. 73. t. 37.
Two-thorned Monetia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85.
LXIII. ALATIA (meaning unknown to us). Pet. Th. gen.
mad. no. 34.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-lobed.
Corolla tubular, ventricose ; with a 5-parted twisted limb ; seg-
ments plicately sinuated on one side. Anthers acute, distinct,
connivent ; filaments bound by the pistil. .Style filiform, with 5
appendages. Stigma capitate, acuminated, enclosed by the
anthers. — A weak, climbing, lactescent shrub, clothed with
numerous, terminal, purplish flowers. Leaves opposite.
1 A. Thoua'rsii (Rcem. coll. 1. p. 203. Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 436.). Tj . ^. S. Native of Madagascar.
Petit Thouars's Alafia. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76.
LXIV. LEUCONOTIS (from XevKoe, leucos, white, and ove
(OTvg, ous otos, an ear). Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 121.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co-
rolla tubular; limb 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inclosed. Ovarium
simple, 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Style short. Stigma annular
below and conical above. Berry 1-3-seeded. Seeds exalbu-
minous. Embryo inverted. — A lactescent shrub, with opposite
leaves and axillary dichotomous corymbs of yellow flowers.
1 L. a'nceps (Jack, I. c). fj . S. Native of Sumatra, where
it is called Akar-Morai by the Malays. Branches 4-sided.
Leaves oblong-acuminated, smooth, having the nerves connected
by marginal arches.
Two-edged Leuconotis. Shrub large.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85.
P
106
ASCLEPIADE^.
Order CLIII. ASCLEPIA^DEjE (this order contains plants
agreeing with A.iclepias in important characters). R. Br. in
wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 19. prod, 458. — Apocynese, part. Juss.
gen. p. 143. Adans. fam. p. 160. Contortae, part. Lin.
Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted (f. 16. a. f. 17. a.), permanent.
Corolla monopetalous (f. 16. b. f. 17. c. f. 20. b.), hypogynous,
5-lobed (f. 16. b. f. 17. b. f. 20. b.), regular, imbricate in £es-
tivation (f. 20. b.), rarely valvate, deciduous. Stamens 5, in-
serted in the bottom of the corolla, alternating with the seg-
ments of the limb ; filaments usually connected ; anthers
2-celled (f. 17. h. f. 15. d.), but sometimes almost 4-celIed
from a semi-complete dissepiment in each of the true cells ; pollen
at the bursting of the anthers coalescing in an equal number
of masses to the cells of the anthers, rarely twin or confluent
by pairs, or by fours, or solitary, fixed to the 5 processes of
the stigma. Ovaria 2. Styles 2, close together, often very
short ; stigma common to both, dilated, pentagonal : having the
angles bearing corpuscles. Follicles 2, one of which is often
abortive : having tiie placenta applied to the suture, but is at
length free. Seeds numerous, imbricate, pendulous, usually
furnished with a tuft of hairs at the umbilicus. Albumen twin.
Embryo straight, with foliaceous cotyledons, a superior radicle,
and inconspicuous plumule. — Shrubs, rarely herbs, for the most
part lactescent and climbing. Leaves entire, usually opposite,
but sometimes also alternate and verticillate, usually furnished
with intrapetiolar cilia in place of stipulas. Flowers subum-
bellate, fascicled or racemose, interpetiolar.
This differs from all other dicotyledonous orders in the pollen
of all the anthers in each flower being combined in a definite
number of masses of a waxy substance, which, at the bursting
of the anthers, are fixed to the 5 glandLdar processes of the
stigma ; in this structure it has some analogy with Orchidece, a
monocotyledonous order. It differs from Apocynece, to which
it is nearly allied, in having the stamens united into a fleshy
crown, and in the substance of the anthers.
Periploca glabra is the only instance of an Asclepiadeous
plant being a hardy shrub ; every other woody species of the
order being natives of hot countries. The genus Hhya com-
prehends fleshy-leaved, climbing, or creeping plants, with
umbels of waxen odoriferous flowers, distilling honey. Pcr-
gularia is valued for its fragrance ; Cerojiegia and other genera
for their singularity; and Asclepias for beauty and hardiness.
But the most remarkable genera of the order are StajieUa,
Duvdlia, Pectinaria, O'rbca, Tridentia, Huernia, Piarunlhus, &c.
in which the stems are fleshy and of various forms, and the
leaves supplied by small thick points or scales, and whose
flowers are not less singular for their curious organization, than
they are for their colouring and spotting, and offensive for their
odour. The root of Diplolepis vomitdrium, Asclepias curas-
sdvica, Colotrnpis prucera, and some others is employed in
diflTerent countries for ipecacuanha. An infusion of the root of
Asclepias decumbens has the singular pioperty of exciting
perspiration, whence it is successfully used in Virginia for
pleurisy.
Notwithstanding the poisonous nature of the greater number
13
of the species of this order, yet the young shoots of some are
used as an article of food ; of this nature are Perguhlrta edulis,
Oxystelma esculentum, Hemidesmus I'ndicus, and some others.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe 1.
Orthophura'moe. Asclepiadece vercB, part. R.Br, in mem.
wern. soc. 1. p. 21. Pollen masses 10, erect (f. \5.d.) or conni-
vent, smooth, fixed by pairs to the corpuscles of the stigma :
that is 5 Z-celled anthers, sej)arable into 2 parts by a longi-
tudinal furrorv.
Subtribe \. Stapelie'^. Pollen masses erect (f. 16. d.) or
connivent, lying on the stigma, fixed by the base or beneath the
middle of the side. Anthers simjile at top, that is, not terminated
by a membrane.
fj 1. Column of fructification or gynostegium inclosed. Stami-
neous corona appendiculate outside.
1 Cerope'gia. Tube of corolla ventricose from the base;
limb 5-parted, with ligular, conniving segments. Stamineous
corona double ; leaflets of the inner corona opposite the lobes
of the outer one.
2 Hue'rnia. Corolla campanulate, with a 10-cleft limb :
having the 5 accessary segments short. Corona double : outer
one 5-cleft, with bifid segments : inner one of 5 leaflets, altern-
ating with the segments of the outer one.
3 Piara'nthus. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft; corona sim-
ple, 5-leaved ; leaflets dentately crested on the back.
§ 2. Column of fructification, or gynostegium, exserted or semi-
exserted, ajipendiculate outside. Pollen masses having one of
the edges or margins p)ellucid.
4 Stape'lia. Corona double : outer one of 5 undivided
leaflets, whicli are usually toothed on the back ; leaflets of the
inner one opposite the anthers, sometimes obsolete.
5 Gonoste'mon. Corona double : outer one of 5 distinct,
canaliculate, obtuse, mucronate leaflets : of the inner one unci-
form, obtuse, opposite the anthers, sometimes obsolete.
6 Poda'nthes. Corona double : outer one 5-parted to the
middle ; the segments channel-formed, rhomboid, deeply emar-
ginate or bifid : those of the inner form of a reversed foot.
7 Tride'ntea. Corona double : outer one of 5 tridenti-
form, distinct leaflets : those of the inner corona unequally bi-
partite.
8 Tromotriche. Corona double : outer one 5-parted to the
base ; with cuneate, rhomboid, or serrated, horizontal segments ;
leaflets of the inner unequally bipartite ; inner branch longer,
recurved, clavate. Corolla smooth, not wrinkled or corrugated
as in the other genera separated from Stapelia, ciliated with
clavate trembling glands.
9 O'rbea. Corona double : outer one of 5 long, spreading,
bi-tridentate leaflets ; of the inner unequally bifid, having the
inner branch longer, incurved, and clavate at apex. Corolla
ASCLEPIADE^.
stellate, corrugated, furnished with a large, elevated orb in front
of the segments.
10 Obe\sia. Corona double; outer one undivided or 5-
lobed, short ; segments of the inner corona short, spreading.
Corolla without any orb.
11 Duva'lia. Corona double : segments of the outer one
bifid : of the inner one unequally bifid, galiately hooked. Co-
rolla having the segments bent more or less to one side.
12 Caruncula'ria. Corona double: outer one 5-parted ;
segments short, spreading, emarginate ; those of the inner co-
rona unequally bifid, globose and granulately carunculate at top,
and attenuated at the base; the granules of various forms.
13 Pectina'ria. Corona double ; both ciliately multifid, not
divided into leaflets.
14 Caralld'ma. Corona simple, 10-parted ; the 5 segments
opposite the stamens are obtuse and undivided : the outer 5 are
bipartite and acute (f. 1.5. c).
15 BoucEROsiA. Corona simple, 15-lobed; lobes disposed
in a double series, all simple : the 5 inner ones laying upon the
anthers. Corolla subeampanulate.
16 HutchInia. Corona simple, 20-lobed : the 5 inner lobes
lying upon the anthers. Corolla subeampanulate.
17 Eriope'talum. Corona simple, 15-lobed: the 5 inner
lobes lying upon the anthers. Corolla subeampanulate. Seg-
ments linear.
18 Microste'mma. Corona simple, 5-lobed; lobes altern-
ating with the anthers, sometimes there is a short tooth be-
tween each lobe. Pollen masses fixed by the middle.
19 Leptade'nia. Corona wanting. Corolla subrotate: hav-
ing the throat crowned by 5 scales. Pollen masses fixed by
the base, pellucid at top.
20 Othanthe'ra. Corona wanting. Corolla urceolate, with
a naked throat. Pollen masses as in Leptadenia.
21 Brachyste'ema. Corona simple, 5-cleft, naked on the
back. Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Corolla campa-
milate(f. 16. b.).
22 Fische'ria. Corona simple, truncate, girded by a ring
at the base. Pollen masses fixed by the middle of the side.
Corolla rotate, with curled segments.
SuBTRiBE II. Hoya'ce^. Polleu masses erect or connivent,
lying vpon the stigma, fixed by the base or by the middle of the
side. Anthers terminated by a membrane.
§ 1 . Stamineous tube appendiculate outside.
23 HoYA. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets depressed,
fleshy, drawn out into a tooth inside, which lies upon the anthers.
Corolla rotate.
24 Pteroste'lma. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets mem-
branous, with reflexed sides, each drawn out into a subulate
tooth inside. Corolla rotate.
25 Physoste'ima. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets in-
flated; filaments 10, or 5 bipartite to the base, each alter-
nate filament or leg bearing an anther. Corolla rotate.
2C Tylophora. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets depressed,
107
Pollen
fleshy, toothless inside, pressed to the gynostegium.
masses transverse or ascending. Corolla rotate.
27 Beloste'mma. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets linear-
oblong, fleshy, fixed vertically to the middle of the gynos-
tegium, spreading. Pollen masses sub-ascending. Corolla
rotate.
28 Marsde'nia. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets com-
pressed, undivided at the apex, toothless inside. Corolla rotate.
29 CosMosTiGMA. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets com-
pressed, bifid, toothless inside. Anthers ventricose. Stigma
crowned by a narrow, flexuous, repand margin. Corolla rotate.
30 Heteroste'mma. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets di-
lated, each furnished with a process inside. Pollen masses te-
tragonal, pellucid on one margin. Corolla rotate.
31 Pergula'ria. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets com-
pressed, undivided at apex, furnished each with a little segment
inside. Corolla rotate.
32 DiscHiDiA. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed,
bifid at apex, having the lobes recurved. Corolla rotate.
33 Leptoste'mma. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets cor-
date or sagittate. Corolla tubular, with a constricted throat,
closed with scales or fascicles of hairs.
34 Tripl'ospe'rma. Corona simple, 5-lobed ; lobes spread-
ing, stellate, acute, large. Corolla funnel-shaped, with conni-
vent segments. Seeds 3 rows in each follicle.
35 Harrisonia. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets undi-
vided at the apex, each furnished with a fleshy tooth or process
inside. Corolla urceolate, 5-toothed, with a naked throat.
§ 2. Stamineous tube inappendiculate outside.
36 Conchophy'elum. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at end.
Follicles smooth. Corolla urceolate, with a bearded throat.
37 Gymne'ma. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at end. Follicles
slender, smooth. Corolla urceolate ; throat crowned by scales,
but sometimes toothless.
38 Sarcolobus. Seeds naked, marginate. Follicles ventri-
cose, fleshy. Corolla subrotate, with a toothless throat.
Tribe II.
GoNOLOBEiE. AsclepiMece verce, part. R. Br. in mem. rvern.
sac. \. p. 21 . Pollen masses 10, transverse, attached by pairs to
the corpuscles of the stigma, fixed by the outer extremity (f. 17.
h.), and hiding the stigma, dehiscing transversely in respect to
the cells, that is 5 2-celled anthers, separable into 2 parts by a
transverse furrorv. Stamineous corona simple, of 1 lcaf{f. 17.
d.), lobed. Anthers naked at the ap>ex, terminated by a mem-
brane.
39 GoNoLOBUS. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at end. Follicles
usually ribbed or muricated. Stems twining.
40 Mate'lea. Seeds naked, crenated. Stem erect.
Tribe III.
Asclepie'*. Asclepiadece verce, part. R. Br. in mem. nern-
soc. l.p. 21. Pollen masses 10, smooth, 2 a]>j}crtaining to each
108
ASCLEPIADE^.
anther, fixed to the corpuscles of the stigma, by the apex or above
the middle of the side, pendulous, that is 5 anthers, separable
into 2 parts by a longitudinal furrow. Anthers terminated by
a membrane.
§ 1. Stamineous tube appendiculate. Corona simp)le, 5-leaved ;
leaflets opjiosite the anthers ; and sometimes with as many small
segments between the others in the same series.
41 Ascle'pias. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed (f. 18. e.). Leaf-
lets of corona cucullate, seated on the top of the tube of the
filaments : having a little horn-formed segment running from
the bottom of each, lying in the hollow. Follicles slender,
smooth.
42 PoLYOTUs. Corolla rotate, 5-parted, reflexed. Leaflets
of corona ovate-concave, without any appendage inside, but
auriculate at the base. Follicles slender, smooth, or villous.
43 Ensle'nia. Corolla 5-parted, erect. Corona simple, 5-
parted, petaloid, flat, truncate ; the segments ending in a bifid
thread. Stigma conical, subilamellate. Follicles slender,
smooth.
44 Gomphoca'rpus. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed. Leaflets
of corona subcucullate, furnished with a tooth on each side,
but without any appendage inside. Follicles inflated, ramen-
taceous.
45 Ota'ria. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed. Corona 5-leaved,
seated on the upper part with the tube of the filaments ; leaflets
cucullate : having a horn-formed process running from the
bottom, and biauriculate on the inside at the base. Follicles. ?
46 Oxyste'lma. Corolla rotate, not reflexed. Leaflets of
corona acute, or acuminated, toothless inside. Follicles smooth.
47 Iphisia. Corolla rotate. Leaflets of corona narrow at
top, toothless inside. Follicles smooth.
48 Penta'tropis. Corolla rotate. Leaflets of corona ver-
tically adnate to the gynostegium, averse and free at top. Pollen
masses fixed beneath the apex.
49 Raphiste'mma. Corolla campanulate. Leaflets of co-
rona elongated, compressed. Follicles ventricose. Gynoste-
gium appendiculate outside. ?
50 Ukoste'lma. Corolla campanulate. Corona 5-lobed ;
lobes obtuse. Gynostegium furnished with 5 long membranous
processes, each process furnished with a filiform appendage.
Follicles muricated.
51 Ana'ntherix. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft. Corona
5-lobed ; lobes compressed, empty inside, incurved ; furnished
with a little segment at the apex inside. Follicles muricated.
52 Xysmalobium. Corolla somewhat campanulate ; with a
ventricose tube. Gynostegium exserted. Pollen masses com-
pressed. Leaflets of corona obtuse, fleshy, alternating with 5
small denticulations. Follicles ventricose, ramentaceous.
53 Calotropis. Corolla, gynostegium, and pollen masses as
in Xysmalobium. Leaflets of corona adnate, longitudinally
averse, recurved at the base. Follicles ventricose, smooth.
54 Oxype'talum. Corolla, gynostegium, and pollen masses
as in Xysmalobium. Leaflets of corona fleshy, obtuse. Pollen
masses fixed to the curvatures of the processes, which at length
are ascending.
55 Schube'rtia. Corolla funnel-shaped, ventricose at the
base. Gynostegium exserted. 1 Leaflets of corona adnate to
the tube of the filaments, lanceolate, connivent. Follicles un-
known.
56 Lachnostoma. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped ; with a
bearded throat. Gynostegium and pollen masses as in Xysma-
lobium. Leaflets of corona lunately 2-lobed, fleshy ; lobes
linear.
57 Macrosce'pis. Calyx exceeding the corolla. Corolla
and pollen masses as in Xysmalobium. Gynostegium saucer-
shaped, hardly exceeding the tube of the corolla. Corona of
5, fleshy, roundish, rather concave scales.
58 Arau'jia. Corolla campanulately urceolate (f. 20. c.) ;
with 5 swellings at the base. Gynostegium inclosed. Leaflets
of corona saccate, naked inside. Stigma bicornute at apex.
Pollen masses fixed by the apex. ?
59 Kana'hia. Corolla campanulate. Gynostegium inclosed.
Leaflets of corona dilated from the base, subulate, simple in-
side. Pollen masses ventricose, fixed by their apexes. Stigma
mutic.
60 Diplo'lepis. Corolla urceolate. Gynostegium inclosed.
Leaflets of corona furnished each with a small, parallel segment
inside. Pollen masses ventricose, fixed beneath their apices.
§ 2. Gynostegium appendiculate. Corona simple, of one piece :
having its tube sometimes furnished with segments or keels in-
side. Corolla subrotate.
61 Holoste'mma. Corona annular, quite entire. Pollen
masses compressed.
62 Cyna'nchum. Mouth of corona 5-20-cleft, when only
5-cleft the lobes are opposite the anthers.
63 Metaple'xis. Corona 5-parted ; lobes alternating with
the anthers.
§ 3. Gynostegium appendiculate. Corona compound, in 2-3
series, each series with a distinct insertion. Throat of corolla
rvithout scales.
64 Dita'ssa. Corona double ; outer one 5-parted, with
acuminated segments ; segments of interior one shorter and
opposite those of the outer one.
65 Da;'MiA. Corona double ; outer ones 5-parted, some-
times alternating with smaller segments ; inner one longer, and
alternating with the outer one : having the segments loose or free
to the base. Follicles ramentaceous.
66 Sarcoste'mma. Corona double ; outer one cup-shaped
or annular, crenated ; inner one longer and 5-parted ; both
fleshy. Follicles slender, smooth.
67 Philibe'rtia. Corona double ; exterior one annular,
entire, fleshy, undulated ; inner one inserted on the top of the
gynostegium, of 5 entire, fleshy segments. Corolla urceolate,
sinuately 5-lobed, furnished with small teeth between the seg-
ments.
68 Euste'gia. Corona triple, each composed of 5 segments ;
outer one inserted in the throat of the corolla, and opposite its
segments ; segments of the middle one tripartite ; inner one
undivided.
ASCLEPIADEiE. I. Ceropegia.
109
§ 4. Slamineous tube or gynoslegium naked. Corona wanting.
69 Metaste'lma, Throat of corolla campanulate, crowned
by 5 teeth, which run down the tube.
70 MiCROLOMA. Throat of corolla urceolate, naked. Scales
in the tube 5, inclosed, alternating uitli as many fascicles of
hairs.
71 Aste'phanus. Throat of corolla suburceolate, naked;
tube rather hairy.
72 Pentasa'chme. Corolla rotate ; throat crowned by 5
scales. Anthers free. Pollen masses fixed above the middle.
73 Hybanthe'ra. Corolla rotate. Anthers gibbous on the
back. Stigma mutic.
Tribe IV.
Secam6ne.e. Pollen masses 20, erect, smooth, that is 4 to
each anther, which are fixed to the tops of the 5 exsulcate cor-
puscles of the stigma. Filaments connate, appendiculate outside.
Corolla rotate.
74 Secamone. Corona 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed later-
ally, fixed longitudinally by the margins, simple, averse.
75 Toxoca'rpus. Corona 5-leaved ; leaflets flattish on the
back, and furnished with a little segment.
76 Gonioste'mma. Corona tubular, 5-angled, 5-lobed, ad-
hering to the base of the gynostegium.
Tribe V.
PeriplocejE. Pollen masses 5-20, granular {each granule
composed of 4 sperules), applied singly or by fours to the dilated
free to]} of each corpuscle of the stig7na. Filaments partly or
altogether distinct. Anthers connivent.
77 Hemide'smus. Filaments combined at the base, but dis-
tinct at top, inserted in the tube. Anthers cohering, beardless.
Pollen masses applied by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma.
Corolla rotate : having 5 mutic scales inserted in the throat,
under the sinuses.
78 Bracjiy'lepis. Filaments broad, short, distinct, inserted
in the upper part of the tube. Anthers cohering, beardless.
Pollen masses applied by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma.
Corolla rotate : having 5 short, mutic segments in the throat,
under the recesses ; tube clothed with a broad, fleshy scale
inside.
79 Streptocau'lon. Filaments distinct, inserted in the
tube. Anthers cohering by the base, but free and beardless at
top. Pollen masses fixed singly to each corpuscle of the stigma.
Corolla subrotate ; throat crowned by 5 short aristate scales
under the sinuses ; anthers flexuous, erect, filiform, straight at
the apex.
80 Deca'lepis. Filaments distinct, inserted in the upper
part of the throat, along with the 5 upper scales, and com-
bined with them to the middle. Anthers cohering at the
base, but distinct at top and beardless, ending each in a sub-
dilated appendage. Pollen masses as in Strcptocaulon. Corolla
subrotate, crowned by 5 oblong-oval, flat, mutic scales, in the
throat under the sinuses ; and furnished with 5 linear, obtuse
scales in the tube.
81 FiNLAYSoNiA. Filaments distinct, inserted in the throat
inside tubercles. Anthers cohering at the base, each terminated
by a broad ovate point. Pollen masses as in Hemidesmus.
Corolla rotate ; having the throat crowned by 5 awned tuber-
cles, under the sinuses ; awns capillary, erect, hooked at apex.
82 Periploca. Filaments distinct. Anthers combined,
bearded. Pollen masses applied singly to each corpuscle of the
stigma. Corolla rotate : having 5 aristate scales in the throat.
83 Phtllanthe^ra. Filaments distinct. Anthers cohering,
beardless, ending each in a dilated, foliaceous meml)rane.
Pollen masses applied by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma.
Corolla deeply 5-parted ; throat naked ?
84 Leposma. Anthers inserted above the base of the tube
of the corolla. Pollen masses fixed by pairs to each corpuscle
of the stigma. Corolla rotate, furnished with 5 fleshy scales in
the throat, which cover the genitals.
So Gymnantiie'ra. Filaments distinct. Ant!;ers cohering,
beardless. Pollen masses fixed by fours to each corpuscle of
the stigma. Corolla salver-shaped.
86 Cryptoste'gia. Filaments distinct, short, inserted in the
bottom of the tube of the corolla. Anthers cohering, inclosed.
Pollen masses fixed singly to each corpuscle of the stigma.
Segments of calyx long, lanceolate. Corolla campanulately
funnel-shaped ; tube furnished with 5 bipartite scales inside,
which cover the anthers, being opposite them.
Tribe I.
ORTHOPHURA'MI^E (from opdoc, orthos, straight, and
(pvpafia, phurama, a mass ; in reference to the pollen masses
being erect). Asclepiadese veras, part. R. Br. in men), wern.
soc. 1. p. 21. Pollen masses 10, erect (f. 15. d.) or connivent,
smooth, waxy, fixed by pairs (f. 15. c.) to the 5 corpuscles of
the stigma ; that is 5 anthers, separable into 2 parts by a lon-
gitudinal furrow, (f. 15. c.)
Subtribe I. Stapelie"*. Pollen masses fixed by the base
or beneath the middle of the side, lying on the stigma. Anthers
simple at top, that is, not terminated by a membrane, (f. 15. rf.)
§1. Column of fructification, or gynostegium inclosed. Sla-
mineous corona appendiculate outside.
I. CEROPE'GIA (from /oijpoc, wax, and nrjyri, pege, a ioun-
tain ; in reference to the waxy pollen masses). R. Br. in mem.
wern. soc. 1. p. 21. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 29.
— Isaijra, Comm. in Poir. encycl. 3. p. 185. — Stephanotis, Pet.
Th. nov. gen. mad. no. 35. in Reem. coll. p. 203. Juss. ann.
mus. 15. p. 347. — Ceropegia species, Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped, more or less ventricose from the base ; segments
of the limb narrow, cohering at the apex. Column of fructi-
fication inclosed. Stamineous corona 5-10-15-lobcd : the lobes
disposed in a single or double series, ligulate, placed in front of
the stamens. Anthers simple at the top : pollen masses erect,
fixed by the base, with simple edges. Stigma mutic. Follicles
cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose. — Usually twining herbs
or subshrubs, only sometimes lactescent. Leaves opposite.
Roots fibrous or tuberous. The corona in this as in most of the
genera in the present order consists of a single whorl of 5 leaves
opposite the stamina, and alternating with the segments o{ the
corolla. In Ceropegia the leaflets of the corona are mostly 3-
lobed ; the lobes are sometimes distinct to near the base, form-
110
ASCLEPIADE^. I. Cerovegia.
ing a 1 5-parted corona, more rarely or nearly altogether united, in
this case forming a 10-15-lobed corona, and sometimes the lateral
lobes become united to the middle one, and in this case present a
5-lobed corona. When the leaflets are distinct to near the base,
the lateral segments approach and partially adhere to the back
of the middle or primary one ; when we have them apparently
in a double series, but when they are united to near the apex,
the lateral segments remain distinct, and a single series only is
fonned. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 30.
§ 1. Corona lO-lobed; lobes disposed in a simple series;
alternate ones the shortest, ovate, obtuse, entire, or semibijid.
1 C. Lu'ciDA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 33. t. 139.) glabrous,
twining ; root fibrous ; leaves from broad-ovate to oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated ; peduncles many-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments subulate, recurved at apex ; corolla clavate, hardly ven-
tricose at the base : segments of the limb attenuated, equal in
length to the tube ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona
united above the middle, with pilose edges : the primary ones
recurved at top. 1^. '"'. S Native of Silhet and Prome. Co-
rolla green, spotted with purple: the segments tipped with
blackish purple, and ciliated at top.
Shining Ceropegia. PI. tw.
2 C. iiihsu'ta (Wight, and Arnott. contrib. ind. bot. p. 30.)
suflPruticose, hairy, twining ; leaves from cordate-ovate, bluntly
acuminated, to narrow-lanceolate, acute ; peduncles few-flow-
ered ; calycine segments filiform ; corolla clavate, ventricose at
the base : segments of the limb widening upwards, shorter than
the tube ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of corona united to the
middle : the primary ones elongated and hooked at the apex ;
follicles straight, glabrous. I? . ^. S. Native of the Neelgherry
mountains. — Wight, cat. 1.510.
Hairy Ceropegia. Shrub tw.
3 C. LONGiFLORA (Poir. encycl. 2. p. 177.) twining, glabrous;
leaves petiolate, ovate, subacuminated ; umbels erect, peduncu-
late, length of leaves ; corolla long, cylindrical ; with nearly
filiform, hairy segments ; corona unknown. 1/ . '^. S. Native
probably of the East Indies. Leaves an inch long. Corolla
an inch long, pale green or purplish. This species agrees with
C. tuberbsa in the leaves, and with C. juncea in the flowers.
Long-Jlowered Ceropegia. PI. twining.
4 C. ju'ncea (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t. 10.) glabrous, rather
fleshy, twining ; leaves small, sessile, lanceolate, acute; pedun-
cles few-flowered ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla clavate,
curved, ventricose at the base : segments of limb broadest up-
wards, about equal in length to the tube, pilose ; lateral lobes
of the leaflets of corona united to the middle : the primary ones
hooked at apex. 1/ . '^. S. Native of the Circars, in hedges
near Samulcottah, &c. Flowers large, greenish yellow, and
elegantly variegated with purple. Root tuberous, with many-
branched fibres. The plant is called Bella-gada by the Telin-
gas, who eat every part of the plant.
/Jiu/iJ/ Ceropegia. Clt. 1822. PI. tw.
5 C. Africa'na (R. Br. in bot. reg. t. 626.) glabrous, twin-
ing; root tuberous: leaves ovate-lanceolate, fleshy; corolla
ventricose at the base ; tube slender ; segments of the limb
bearded; corona as in C. Wighlii. %.'^.S. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, but more probably of the East Indies.
Lodd. bot. cab. 906. Flowers erect, with a pentagonal throat,
a green tube, and dark purple segments.
.r^/r(con Ceropegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. tw.
6 C. WiGHTii (Graham, mss. Wight, in bot. mag. 3267.)
glabrous, twining ; root tuberous ; leaves ovate, acute, fleshy ;
corolla spherically ventricose at the base : tube slender : seg-
ments of the limb downy ; lateral lobes of leaflets of corona
united to the apex, glabrous : the primary ones fleshy, com-
pressed laterally, curved outwardly in the middle, hardly twice
the length of the others. '2^.'^. S. Native of the East Indies.
Nearly allied to C. Africana in the form of the corolla and crown.
Wight's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. tw.
7 C. Lu'sHii (Graham, in edinb. new. phil. journ. ex Hook,
in bot. mag. 3300.) glabrous; leaves linear, acuminated, fleshy
channelled ; tube of corolla globosely inflated at the base ;
segments linear, hairy, approximate ; exterior lobes of stami-
neous corona Innately emarginated, alternating with the interior
ones, which are elongated, and cylindrically filiform, erect,
flexuous, much longer than the exterior ones. 1^. '^. S. Na-
tive of the East Indies. Root bulbous. Peduncles umbellate,
axillary. Corolla yellowish green, tinged with purple ; segments
deep purple and hairy within.
Dr. Lush's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. tw.
§ 2. Corona apparently a double series of lobes ; the leaf-
lets are nearly free to the base; the lateral lobes of the leaflets
distinct, approximating the primary ones, and partly adhering to
their backs.
* Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, longer
than the gynostegium.
8 C. e'legans (Wall. ascl. no. 4. in bot. mag. t. 3015. Wight,
cat. no. 1512.) sufTruticose, glabrous, twining; root fibrous;
leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles 1-6-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments subulate,
much shorter than the ventricose base of the corolla ; corolla
with a clavate tube, a hemispherical limb, and broad ligulate
segments, which are much shorter than the tube, and ciliated with
long hairs ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate,
one half shorter than the primary ones ; follicles slender, to-
rulose, curved, 6-8 inches long. 1^ • ^- S. Native of the
mountains of Dindygul and Neelgherry. Corollas purple.
Elcgatit Ceropegia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1828. Shrub tw.
9 C. macra'ntha (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 31.)suftluti-
cose, twining ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ciliated; umbels few-
flowered, on short peduncles ; calycine segments subulate ;
corolla ventricose at the base ; limb rather dilated ; segments
rounded-linear, villous inside ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of
the corona ligulate, hardly twice shorter than the middle ones.
h . ^. S. Native of the Himalaya, at a place called Khurie-
pass, Royle. The corolla of this species is from 2-3 inches
long, and except the ventricose base is nearly cylindrical,
which readily distinguishes it from C. klegans, a nearly allied
species.
Long-flowered Ceropegia. Shrub tw.
IOC. LONGiFOLiA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 56. t. 73.) downy,
twining ; root fibrous ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, much attenuated;
peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla ven-
tricose at the base : with a clavate tube ; segments of the limb
almost one half shorter than the tube, broadest upwards and
ciliated ; lobes of the leaflets of the corona hairy : lateral ones
narrow-ligulate, almost one half shorter than the middle or
primary ones. 1/. '^. S. Native of Nipaul, in hedges.
Flowers brownish green ; with a yellow limb. Leaves 3-6
inches long, and 1 broad.
Long-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw.
lie. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Wight, coutrib. ind. bot. p. 31.) downy,
twining ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, much attenuated : peduncles
many-flowered ; corolla hardly ventricose at the base : tube
almost cylindrical ; segments of the limb broadest upwards,
much shorter than the tube ; lobes of the leaflets of corona
narrow, ligulate : lateral ones hairy, about one half shorter than
the middle ones. 1(. '^. S. Native of Silhet. Ceropfegia,
Wall. ascl. nos. 8. 13. 19. Nearly allied to C. longifblia.
ASCLEPIADEiE. I. Ceropegia.
Ill
Narrow-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw.
* * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, shorter
than the gynostegium.
12 C. sphena'ntha (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot.
p. 31.) twining, glabrous ; leaves distant, lanceolate, attenuated;
pediuicles many-flowered ; calyx minute, witli filiform segments;
corolla ventricose at the base ; tube clavate ; limb hemisphe-
rical : segments broadest upwards, long-ciliated ; lobes of leaf-
lets of corona ligulate : lateral ones shorter than the gynoste-
gium, hairy. 1^. '^. S. Native among the Neelgherry moun-
tains.— Wall. ascl. no. 6. Wight, cat. no. 1513.
Bound-floivered Ceropegia. PI. tw.
13 C. lanceola'ta (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 31.) twining,
glabrous ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, finely acuminated ; pedun-
cles many-flowered ; calycine segments filiform, exceeding the
ventricose base of the corolla ; tube clavate ; limb dilated :
segments much shorter than the tube ; middle lobes of the
leaflets of the corona a little longer than the gynostegium, but
the lateral ones are shorter, acute, and ciliated; follicles slender,
glabrous, li. '^. G. Native of Nipaul. Ceropegia, Wall,
cycl. no. 12.
LanceolateAeaxed. Ceropegia. PI. tw.
14 C. pusIlla (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) herbaceous, gla-
brous, erect; root tuberous; leaves linear; flowers solitary,
ascending ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube cylindrical :
segments of the limb much shorter than the tube ; middle lobes
of the leaflets of the corona a little longer than the gynostegium,
but the lateral ones are a little shorter. %. G. Native of the
Neelgherry mountains. Ceropegia, Wall. ascl. no. 7.
Least Ceropegia. PI. ^ foot.
* * * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona acuminated,
approximating the primary ones : leaflets as well as their lateral
lobes interjected by broad sinuses at their apices.
15 C. BULBOSA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 11. t. 7.) twining, glabrous,
rather fleshy ; root tuberous ; leaves from almost orbicular to
lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; calycine segments much shorter than the ventricose
base of the corolla ; tube of corolla sub-clavate ; segments of
the limb broadest upwards, much shorter than the tube, ciliated ;
middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona subulate, incurved
at top : lateral ones minute, acuminated, lying on the primary
ones. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Coromandel, at Samulcottah, Ne-
gapatam, Allahabad, Src. Wight, in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 99,
suppl. t. 2. The plant is called Manchy Mandu by the Telin-
gas. Root flattish, solid, edible. Flowers large, erect, with
a greenish tube and a purple limb ; having the segments united
at the apex.
Bulbous-xooteA Ceropegia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1821.
PI. tw.
16 C. acumina'ta (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t. 8.) herbaceous,
twining, glabrous, rather fleshy ; root tuberous ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, attenuated at the apex ; peduncles many-flowered ;
corolla ventricose at the base : tube subclavate : segments of
the limb much shorter than the tube ; primary or middle lobes of
the leaflets of the corona subulate : lateral ones minute. "H. . '^. S.
Native of Coromandel, at Samulcottah, where it is called
Commoa-manda by the Telingas. Root solid, flat. Leaves 2-4
inches long, and 4-C lines broad. Flowers exactly as in C.
bulbosa.
Acuminaled-\ea.veA Ceropegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. tw.
17 C. STEPHANOTis (Rccm.et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 4.) twining,
glabrous, frutescent ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, marginated, acu-
minated ; peduncles axillary, generally 3-flovvered ; calycine
segments lanceolate, acute ; corolla glabrous, vrith ovate, acute
lobes ; corona unknown. [7 . '^. S. Native of Madagascar.
Isaiira allicia, Comm. in Poir. encycl. 3. p. 185. Stephanotis,
Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. no. 35. in Ilccm. coll. ]). 203. Leaves
3 inches long and l| broad, yellowish green. Corolla pale
yellow.
Cronn-earcd Ceropegia. Shrub tw.
* * * * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona very short,
obtuse, or altogether cohering with the middle ones.
18 C. Arnottia'na (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 32.) twining,
glabrous ; stems slender ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, mucronu-
late ; peduncles short, many-flowered ; calycine segments nar-
row-subulate, longer than the ventricose base of the corolla ;
tube short, widened a little upwards ; segments of the limb
filiform, connivent, longer than the tube ; middle lobes of the
leaflets of the corona ligulate : lateral ones short, obtuse, ap-
proximate, adnate to the back of the primary ones, even to the
apex, with a sm;dl distinct recess or sinus, ciliated a little.
i}.; '^. S. Native of hills about Prome. Ceropegia, Wall,
ascl. no. 3.
Arnott's Ceropegia. PI. tw.
19 C. WALLiciiii (Wight, in bot. mag. 3267.) erect; root
tuberous ; leaves ovate, sessile, approximate towards the top
of the stem, ciliated ; peduncles lateral, short, 1-ftowered; caly-
cine segments subulate ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube
widened upwards : segments of the limb broadest at top, con-
nivent, densely ciliated ; primary lobes of the leaflets of the
corona filiform : sublateral ones short, obtuse, ciliated ; follicles
very long, glabrous. %. '^. S. Native of the Himalaya,
Royle ; near Lahooghat, in Kamaon, Lindsay, Ceropegia
erecta ?, Wall, ascl, no. 1.
IVallich's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. erect.
20 C. pube'scens (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 81. t. 187.) her-
baceous, twining ; stems glabrous ; leaves ovate, finely acumin-
ated, downy on both surfaces; peduncles many-flowered, shorter
than the leaves ; corolla cylindrical, hardly ventrico.se at the
base : segments of the limb broadest at the base, somewhat cor-
date, tapering upwards, and connivent ; primary lobes of the
leaflets of the corona subulate, recurved at t(ip : lateral ones
marginating the primary ones, or altogether adnate. 1/ . '^. S.
Native of Nipaul, on mount Chandaghiry. Corolla glabrous
outside, villous inside at the base, with a purple tube, and yel-
lowish pentagonal limb. Leaves 3 inches long, ciliated.
Downy Ceropegia. PI. tw.
21 C. tuberosa (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t. 6.) herbaceous, gla-
brous, twining ; leaves from nearly orbicular to oval or ovate,
cuspidate, as also lanceolate, finely acuminated ; pedmicles
usually twin, few or many-flowered, longer or shorter than the
leaves ; calyx small : with subulate segments ; corolla ventri-
cose at the base : having the tube widened upwards ; segments
of the limb narrow, nearly linear, villous, one half shorter than
the tube, with approximate edges; gynostegium stipitate :
middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate : lateral ones
marginating the ))rimary ones, or altogether adnate ; follicles
slender. It- '^. S. Native on the Coromandel coast, frequent;
and in sandy ))!aces near Negapatam, in Tanjore. Wight and
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 23. Wight, cat. no. 1516. C.
mucronata. Roth, nov. spec. p. 1 79. C. biflora, Lin. spec.
309. ? C. candelabrum, Rottl. herb. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 27.
but not of Lin. 'i Flowers said to be tlic colour of those of
C. hidbosa. This is a very variable species as regards the
foliage, but is constant in the shape of its flowers, the slender
segments of the limb with their margins approximating their
whole length, and forming a straight beak to the corolla, and
in the stalked gynostegium or cohmm of fructification.
112
ASCLEPIADE^. I. Ceropeoia. II. Huernia
Tuherotts-rooted Ceropegia. Fl, April, Sept. Clt. 1821.
PI. tw.
22 C. LouREiRii ; herbaceous, glabrous, procumbent ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, with revolute edges ; umbels pendulous ;
corolla with a large, globose base, and a small, 5-cleft limb.
V-.'^. G. Native of Cochinchina, among bushes. Ceropegia
candelabrum. Lour. coch. 114. Flowers white. Stigma sessile,
bifid. Follicles slender.
Loureiro's Ceropegia. PI. twining.
23 C. OBTU^SA (Lour. coch. 114.) twining, glabrous ; leaves
oblong, obtuse; peduncles shorter than the leaves. 1(. '^. S.
Native of Cochinchina, in the suburbs of Huaca. Flowers paler
than those of C. tuberosum, from which it differs more in the
shape of the leaves than in the flowers ; the follicles are also
slenderer.
Z?/«7ii-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw.
+ Species hardly known.
24 C. candela'brum (Lin. spec. p. 309.). li.'^. S. Na-
tive of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 16. Leaves ovate, mucro-
nate. Flowers erect, reddish or brownish purple ; with villous
segments. This species has been taken up by Linnaeus from
Rheede's figure. It seems to be nearly allied to C. tuberbsa,
but has a very diflferent habit. The C. candelabrum of most
modern authors is undoubtedly C, tuberbsa.
Chandelier Ceropegia. PI. tw.
25 C. DicHOTOMA (Haw. syn. p. 13.) fleshy; stem erect,
dichotomous, articulated, terete ; leaves linear, acute, horizontal ;
having the veins and midrib white above. Ij . S. Native of
the East Indies ? Flowers? Leaves l|^ inch long.
Dichotomous-%temmeA Ceropegia. Shrub 1 foot.
26 C. ? campanulaVa ; root round, depressed : leaves linear ;
corolla tubularly campanulate, 4-cleft ; calyx small, 4-5-
toothed. % . S. Native of the Gold Coast, at Accra, among
grass. Corolla dark purplish brown. Perhaps a new genus.
There is also another species growing along with this, which
differs from the first in the root being fusiform. The roots of
both are eatable. Stem 1-2-flowered in both. Flowers ter-
minal.
Campanulate-RoviereA Ceropegia. PI. -^ foot.
27 C. ? aphy'lla (Haw. syn. p. 13. no. 2.) plant fleshy;
branches dichotomous, articulated, weak, terete ; leaves stipula-
formed, adprcssed. I; . '^. S. Native country unknown.
Leafless Ceropegia. Siirub tw.
28 C. ? NiTiDA (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 178.) leaves lanceo-
late, bluntish, sliining above; umbels on short peduncles, tj . S.
Native of St. Domingo. Stem woody. Branches slender, elon-
gated. Leaves subovate, sometimes elliptic, attenuated at the
base, and sometimes acute at the apex, 1-2 inches long, and |
broad.
Shining-\eSi\eA Ceropegia. Shrub tw.
29 C. ? sinua'ta (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 179.) leaves narrow-
lanceolate, sinuated, acute at both ends ; umbels 4-6-flowered,
much shorter than the leaves. %.'^.G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 36. t. 15. Root a fascicle of
fusiform simple tubers. Corolla tubular, pale red. There is only
one follicle comes to perfection from each flower ; it is pendulous
and long-acuminated. Seeds numerous, oblong, brown. Said
to differ from Microlbma sagitlata in the leaves being longer
and not sagittate at the base.
Sinuated-\ea.ye& Ceropegia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. tw.
30 C. corda'ta (Lour. coch. 114.) leaves cordate ; umbels
on long pendulous peduncles ; segments of corolla ovate, con-
nivent. l^."^. S. Native of Cochinchina, in hedges. Flowers
greenish yellow, in large, hemispherical, axillary umbels.
Calycine segments small, ovate, acute. Perhaps the same as
Cyndnchum cordifdlium, Retz. fasc. 2. p. 15. no. 37.
Corrfa/e-leaved Ceropegia. Pi. tw.
31 C. stapeli«:f6rmis (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. •
121.) branchesj prostrate, fleshy, thong-formed, lurid, terete,
nearly leafless, simple, clouded with brown. fj . S. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. This species has the habit of O'rbea.
Branches rough from tubercles. Leaves very minute, ternate,
almost invisible, and as if they were adnate to the stem, cordate,
cuspidate. Flowers sessile, rising from the axils of the leaves.
Sfapelia-formed Ceropegia. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PI. proc.
Cidt. A mixture of peat, sand, and vegetable mould is the
best soil for these plants ; cuttings of them root readily in sand,
if placed in heat, without any hand-glass over them. They
should have little or no water, when in a dormant state, parti-
cularly the bulbous-rooted kinds.
II. HUE'RNIA (named after Justus Huernius, one of the
earliest collectors of Cape Plants, and from whose drawing the
first account of Stajielia was taken,) R. Br. in. mem. wern. soc.
1. p. 22. — Stapelia species, Lin. Juss. Mass.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulate;
limb 10-cleft, the accessory segments small and tooth-formed.
Column of fructification inclosed. Stamineous corona double ;
outer one 5-cleft, with bifid segments ; inner one of 5 leaves,
which are subulate from the gibbous base, alternating with the
segments of the outer corona. Anthers simple at top. Pollen
masses erect, fixed by the base, having one of the margins
cartilaginous and pellucid. Stigma mutic. Follicles sub-cylin-
drical, smooth. Seeds comose. — Succulent plants with the
habit of Stapelia, natives of South Africa.
1 H. reticula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches pentagonal, denti-
culated ; teeth spreading; corolla 10-angled ; tube bearded
inside, widened into an elevated orb. Ij . S. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, in the fissures of rocks, toward Olifant's
river. Stapelia reticultlta, Mass. stap. p. 9. t. 2. Sims, bot.
mag. 1662. Jacq. stap. t. 20. H. reticulata difformis, Jacq.
stap. 19. Corolla with a purplish bottom ; yellow limb dotted
with purple. Flowers twin or tern. Branches deep green, with
purple spots.
Rcticulated-Roviered Huernia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793.
Shrub \ foot.
2 H. campanula'ta (R.Br. I.e.) branches 4 ■5-angled ; co-
rolla sub-campanulate, having the bottom closed by clavate,
horizontal pili ; ligulse repandly truncate, dark. ^ . S. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia campanulata, Mass.
stap. p. 11. t. 6. Jacq. stap. t. 32. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1227.
Branches glaucous, clouded with purplish marks. Limb of corolla
sulphur-coloured, with numerous rose-coloured dots outside, and
with numerous dark brown elevated dots inside, and striated with
dark veins towards the base. Hairs in the throat blackish.
Bottom of corolla black. This differs from the last species,
in the bottom of the corolla being campanulate, and in the
peduncles being 2-3-flowered.
CV;?»;)(«!«/a/e-flowered Huernia. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1795.
Shrub Y foot.
3 H. VENu'sTA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5 angled ; branchlets
spreading, divaricate ; teeth of branches spreading, acute ; co-
rolla with a glabrous tube, widened into an elevated orb. 1; .
S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia venusta, Mass.
stap. p. 10. t. 3, Jacq. stap. t. 23. Corolla large, with a
sulphur-coloured limb, dotted with red ; having the bottom and
elevated orbicle also dotted with red. Flowers solitary or twin.
Peduncles deflexed.
Graceful Huernia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub -i
foot.
ASCLEPIADE^. II. Huernia. III. Piaranthus.
113
4 H. LENTIGINOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) branclics pentaj^onal, spread-
ing, furnished with liooked teeth or tubercles ; bottom of corolla
girded by a concave, elevated orbicle ; alternate segments of
the corolla obsolete. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stapelia lentiglnosa. Curt. bot. mag. t. 505. Ait. hort,
kew. ed. 2d. vol. 2. p. 97. Stems branched at top. This
species agrees with H. guttdta, in the colour and form of the
flowers ; but in H. guttata the peduncles are longer, rising from
the base of a simple stem, and having the tubercles or teeth
of the branches not hooked ; and the spots on the limb of the
corolla are larger.
FrecA-/ed-flowered Huernia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795.
Shrub ^ foot.
5 H. gutta'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches tetragonal and penta-
gonal ; teeth or tubercles horizontal ; bottom of corolla girded
by a concave, elevated orbicle ; stems simple at top, glaucous.
I; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia gutt<\ta,
Mass. stap. p. 10. t. 4. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 96.
Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 7. t. 41. Corolla sulphur-coloured,
dotted with red, with a scabrous bottom, purplish outside. Pe-
duncles length of flowers, by threes. Inner corona spotted
with purple ; base wholly purple.
.S';jo»erf-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub
i foot.
C H. hu'milis (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5-angled, spreading ;
teeth of branches acute, horizontal ; corolla orbicular ; flowers
solitary. \^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia
hijmilis, Mass. stap. p. 10. t. 5. Corolla with a campanulate
tube, and a prominent ring. Orbicle dark purple, undulated,
spotted with white ; limb sulphur-coloured, dotted with purple.
This differs from the rest of the species, in the shortness of the
stems, sniallness of the flowers, and solitary peduncles.
Dwarf Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub \ foot.
7 H. tuba'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches simple, very thick,
tetragonal : with large teeth ; flowers solitary ; corolla glabrous,
dotted inside ; corona 10-lobed ; lobes roundish, ex Haw.
suppl. pi. succ. p. 10. Orbicle short. Jj . S. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia tubata, Jacq. stap. t. 23. Lodd.
bot. cab. 225. Corolla glabrous, pp.le yellow inside, spotted with
small red dots ; the throat also dotted. In Willd. enum. p.
287. the throat of the corolla is described as being pilose, and
the limb flat.
Var. /3 -, corolla 12-cleft. ^. S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stap. duodecimfida, Jacq. t. 33 and 34.
rwte-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1805. Shrub
A foot.
8 H. CKispA (Haw. syn. p. 31.) branches 4-5-angled, simple,
or usually confluent, curled : with svnall teeth. Ij . S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia crispa, Hort. This is
very distinct from botli H. barbata and //. lubala, but is
perhaps only a monstrous variety of one of them. The teeth of
the branches are smaller than in any other species.
Cur/erf- branched Huernia. CI.? Shrub i foot.
9 H. barba'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5-angled, with
spreading, acute teeth ; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; corolla almost
closed with clavate, rufous bristles ; ligulse oblong-rhomboid,
retuse. Pj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia
barbata, Mass. stap. p. 11. t. 7. Jacq. stap. t. 4G. Corolla
cream-coloured, variegated, witli elevated purple spots. Corona
dark. Style white. Flowers in fascicles, at the base of the
branches, ex Haw. syn. p. 31.
Bearded-HoviereA Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795.
Shrub \ foot.
10 H. cLAViGERA (Haw. syu. p. 26. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.)
branches tetragonal, with spreading, stiff" teeth ; flowers solitary ;
corolla campanulate, dotted inside ; ligulte 2-lobed, fj . S.
VOL. IV.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia clavigera, Jacq. stap.
t. 4. diar. lips. p. 269. Stapelia campanulita, Sims. bot. mag. t.
1661, but not t. 1293, which is the true S. campanulala. Corolla
pale green, livid outside, obscure yellow inside, and furnished
with blood-coloured dots, and clavate hairs ; exterior corona
brown.
Cluh-bearing Y{\\exxi\a.. Fl, July, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub
i foot.
11 H. ocella'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 9.) branches
4-5 angled ; corolla sub-campanulate ; the rest as in the other
species. Pj . S, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia
ocellata, Jacq. diar. lips. 1811. p. 270. stap. t. 40. Corolla
greenish yellow, with purple marks.
Occ//a<erf-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. ? Sh. i ft.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
III. PIARA'NTHUS (^lap, piar, fatness; and avQoQ, anthos,
a flower ; in reference to the fleshy flowers.) R. Br. in mem.
wern. soc. 1. p. 23. Haw. syn. p. 34. — Stapelia species, Masson.
Lin. syst. Pentandna, Monogynia. Corolla campanulate,
5-cleft, fleshy. Column of fructification inclosed. Staniincous
corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets toothed on the back. Anthers
simple at top. Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, with one
of the margins cartilaginous and pellucid. Stigma mutic. Fol-
licles unknown. — Succulent plants, natives of south Africa, with
the habit of Stapelia. Flowers rising from the sides of the
branches, beyond the angles and teeth.
1 P. puncta'tus (R. Br. 1. c.) joints of branches oblong,
somewhat tetragonal, toothed ; flowers in fascicles; segments of
corolla lanceolate, acute, j)apillose above. Ij . S. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia punctata, Mass. stap. p. 18.
t. 24. Obesia ? punctata. Haw. syn. p. 43. Branches decum-
bent, creeping. Flowers usually 3 together, on dark purple
peduncles. Calyx dark purple. Corolla with a deep red
bottom, and very pale red segments, spotted with blood-coloured
dots. Probably a true species of Obesia.
Dotted-iiowered Piaranthus. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795.
Shrub proc.
2 P. pu'llus (R. Br. 1. c.) branches usually hexagonal,
erect ; tubercles or teeth spreading ; flowers aggregate ; seg-
ments of corolla lanceolate, silky above, replicate. >; . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulla, Mass. stap.
21. t. 31. Sims, bot. mag. 1648. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1288,
exclusive of the syn. Stapelia fasciculata, Thunb. Allg.
teutsch. gart. Angles of branches a little sinuated, having
strong teeth. Corolla dark purple. Flowers 3-4-together.
Z)«rA:-flowered Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 foot.
3 P. ? fascicula'tus (Ra?m. et Schultes, 6. p. 10.) branches
usually hexagonal, with acute, spreading teeth ; flowers pedun-
culate, fascicled. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
near Roggeveldsberg, on the Hanton hills. Branches decum-
bent. Peduncles length of the joints of the branches.
Fascicled-hranched Piaranthus. Shrub decumbent.
4 P. parviflorus (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 841.) branches tetra-
gonal ; teeth thick, recurved ; corolla small, with narrow, flat,
spreading segments, which are ciliated on the edges ; peduncles
2-3 together, longer than the flowers. h . S. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land. Stapelia jiarvitlora,
Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 35. Corollas yellow, size of those of
Cyndnchum erectum.
6';Ha//-/owercrf Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub j
foot. ,
5 P. Gussonea'nus ; branches glaucous, tetragonal ; ang es
toothed ; flowers in fascicles beyond the angles, small ; corollas
glabrous. f; . S. Native of Sicily, on rocks. Stapelia
Q
lU
ASCLEPIADE^. III. Piaranthus. IV. Stapelia.
Gussoneana, Jacq. ex bot. reg. t. 1731. Corollas yellow,
striped with brown, and tipped with purple.
GuMone's Piaranthus. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1832. Slirub ^ foot.
6 P. a'ridus ; br;niches numerous, erect, tetragonal, Horife-
rous at top : with spreading, acute teeth ; pedicels soHtary ;
segments of corolla flat, ovate -lanceolate, setaceously ciliated at
top ; bottom of corolla circular. Pj . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in the dry desert called Karro. Stapelia arida,
Mass. stap. p. 21. t. 33. Corollas size of those of Cyndnchmn
vincetoxicum, pale yellow, with a yellow, circular bottom, white
corona: having the segments dotted at the base, and pilose at
the apex, ex Willd. Teeth of branches curved, similar to spines.
^rirf Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub i foot.
7 P. incarna'tus ; branches erect, tetragonal : with spreading,
acute teeth ; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ; segments of
corolla narrow, flat, acute, ex Mass., obtuse, ex Thunb. fj . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Saldanha Bay. Stapelia
incani'^ta, Lin. suppl. p. 171. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap.
2. p. 167. Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 44.— Burm. afr. p. 15. t. 7. f.
1 . Pedicels rising, as in other species, from the angles beyond
the teeth. The herb is eaten by the Hottentots, ex Lin.
Flowers small, flesh-coloured, size of those of Stapelia pilifera.
Corona covering the gynostegium, viith a greenish margin, of 5
yellow, erect, bifid segments, and other 5 linear, inflexed ones,
in the centre, ex Thunb.
Var. (3, albus (Mass. stap. 1. c.) flowers white.
Flesh-coloiired-Rowered Piaranthus. Fl. April, Aug. Clt.
1793. Shrub 1 foot.
8 P. mammila'ris ; branches hexagonal, bearing the flowers
in the middle : furnished with spine-like, recurved tubercles ;
pedicels shorter than the flowers ; corolla glabrous; segments
lanceolate, with revolute edges, h . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on rocks, about Olifant's river ; and towards the
north, near Hex river, in the Karro. Stapelia mammilaris, Lin.
mant. p. 216. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 166. —
Burm. afr. p. 27. t. 11. Pedicels usually by fours.
Mammilarij Viaranlhus. Fl. June, July. ■ Clt. 1774. Shrub.
Cult. See Stapelia, p. 117, for culture and propagation.
§ 2. Column of fructificalion, or gynostegium, exserted, or semi-
exserted, appendiculate outside. Pollen masses pellucid on one
of the margins.
IV. STAPE'LIA (named by Linnajus, after Boderus a
Stapel, a physician of Amsterdam, Commentator on Theophrastus,
in 1644.) H. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 23. — Stapelia species,
Lin. and others.
LiN. SYST. Pcntdndria, Digy'nia. Corolla rotate, 5 -cleft,
fleshy. Column of fructification exserted. Stamineous corona
double ; exterior one of 5 undivided leaflets ; interior one of 5
subulate leaflets. Anthers simple at top. Pollen masses fixed
by the base, having one of the edges cartilaginous and pellucid.
Stigma mutic. Follicles somewhat cylindrical, smooth. Seeds
comose. — Fleshy, leafless, angular, usually tubercular plants, na-
tives of south Africa, in the desert plains called Karro. Flowers
for the most part showy, but with a nauseous, fetid odour.
§ 1. Branches or stems alately tetragonal, downy.
1 S. GRANmFL6RA(Mass. stap. p. 3. t. 11.) branches quadran-
gular, clavate, downy ; tubercles or teeth remote ; corolla large,
flattish : with ovate-lanceolate, acute segments, which are ci-
liated on the edges. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Haw. syn. p. 16. no. 1. Plant grey, from down.
Peduncles 3-flowered. Corolla large, dark purple in the bot-
tom ; but the segments are lighter purple, ciliated with grey
hairs, and striped with white.
Great-flowered ^ia^eWa.. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1795. Shrub
1 foot.
2 S. specta'bilis (Haworth, syn. p. 16. no. 2.) branches
tetr.agonal, downy ; tubercles or teeth remote ; segments of
corolla ovate-lanceolate, furnished from the base behind the
middle with dense red hairs, and having pale stripes on the
upper surface, with black tips. H . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stapelia grandiflora, Curt. bot. mag. 585, exclu-
sive of the synonyms.
Sheny Stapelia. Fl. Nov. Jan. Clt. 1802. Slirub 1 foot.
3 S. AMBiGUA (Mass. stap. p. 13. t. 12. Haw. syn. p. 17.)
branches erect, quadrangular, clavate ; teeth remote, incurved ;
corolla flat : with oblong-lanceolate, acute, hispid segments, which
are ciliated on the edges ; leaflets of the inner corona cultriform,
serrated on the back, and toothed at top ; peduncles 3-4-
flowered. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq.
stap. 35. Corolla size of those of S. hirsuta, of a rufous, purple
colour, variegated with transverse, dark, violaceous stripes, having
the edges of the segments of an obscure violet colour.
Ambiguous Stapelia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
4 S. SORORIA (Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 39. Jacq. stap. t. 22. 36, 37.)
branches divaricate, quadrangular ; teeth remote, acute, incurved ;
segments of corolla lanceolate, villous in the centre, and ciliated
on the edges. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lodd. bot. cab. 94. Corolla dark purple, with yellow, trans-
verse rugae. According to Masson, this species differs from iS'.
hirstUa, in habit ; in the divaricate, 5-angled branches, which are
said to be tetragonal at tiie top ; in the drooping flowers ; and
in the self-coloured corolla. Stem purplish. Peduncles simple,
solitary, purple.
Sister Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797. Shrub 1 foot.
5 S. pa'tula (Willd. enum. p. 281.) corolla flat, with vil-
lously ciliated margins, and hairy disk, the rest wrinkled and
glabrous ; appendages of inner crown, oblong, lanceolate, one-
toothed inside. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Perhaps a variety of S. sorbria.
Spreading-Hov/ered Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797.
Shrub 1 foot.
6 S. refle'xa (Haw. syn. p. 18.) leaflets of inner corona
sub-deltoid, having the interior process incurvedly claw-formed ;
seat of style impressed with a cross. ^ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. S. deflexa, Hort. Jacq. stap. t. 5. bot.
mag. 1810. Very like the preceding, but one half smaller.
Corolla of a greenish-wine colour, with revolutely reflexed seg-
ments ; having transverse, waved, contiguous, whitish stripes at
the middle ; and furnished with long purple hairs inside, towards
the base. Ligulaa dusky, rufous, recurved, cuneated at apex.
Reflexed Stii])e\ia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Shrub i foot.
7 S. Lu'ciDA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1816. p. 149.) branches
erect, floriferous in the middle ; teeth erect ; segments of
coi-olla with pilose edges, ovate-acuminated, revolutely in-
flexed, having the disks shining, and rather pilose ; leaflets of
outer corona oblong. Ij . S. Natise of the Cape of Good
Hope. This species is nearly allied to S. sororia, amhigua,
and deflexa : from the first it differs, in the branches not being
divaricate, but erect; in the peduncles being shorter than the
corolla ; in the wrinkles of the corolla not being yellowish ; and
in the bottom not being villous : and from the second, to which
it is more nearly allied, in the branches not bearing the flowers
at their base, but in the middle ; in the segments of the corolla
not being flat ; in the flowers being smaller, and of a deeper
colour : and from the third, in the leaflets of outer corona, and
in many other points.
S/H«i«o-flowered Stapelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub i foot.
ASCLEPIADEyE. IV. Stapelia.
115
8 S. juve'ncula (Jacq. stap. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 2,'il.) bottom
of corolla canipanulate ; segments of corolla wrinkled trans-
versely ; segments of exterior corona lanceolate, acuminated ;
those of the inner corona diverging ; appendages short, obtuse ;
branches Horiferous in the middle. h . S. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. This is very nearly allied to S. veliiln ; but
differs, in the branches being more numerous, and not being
floriferous at the base ; in the segments of the corolla being
more acute. Peduncles aggregate. Corollas brownish purple,
3-nerved.
Girl SiapeVia. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. ? Shrub 1 foot.
§. 2. JEqidlateriilcs. Angles of stems 4, Jlal, equal, downy.
9 S. Massoni (Hort. Haw. syn. p. 18.) branches large, of 4
equal angles, h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This
plant has never been rightly examined.
Massons Stapelia. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot.
10 S. aste'rias (Mass. stap. 14. t. 14.) teeth of branches
short, erect ; corolla large : with ovate-lanceolate, long-acumi-
nated segments, which are revolute, and ciliated on the edges ;
stamens unequally bifid. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 536. Jacq. stap. t. 58. Branches
floriferous at the base, erect ; outer branch of the leaflets of the
inner corona bi-tridentate. Corolla of an obscure violet colour ;
the segments variegated with transverse, yellowish stripes ; the
bottom dark purple.
Star-fish Stapelia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1705. Sh. 4 foot.
11 .S. stella'ris (Jacq. stap. t. 62. Haw. syn. p. 19.)
corolla wrinkled at the base ; segments shining above, glabrous,
of a port wine colour, but with pale, transverse, anastomosing
veins, ciliated with rufous hairs ; leaflets of the outer corona
linear, obtuse, a little recurved, and rather erose at top ; inner
corona as in S. asterias, but the lower branch is paler. I7 . S.
Native of tlie Ca])e of Good Hope.
Starry Stapelia. Fl. ? Clt. ?. Shrub I to \ foot.
12 S. hiusu'ta (Lin. spec. p. 316. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46.
fl. cap. 2. p. 168.) corolla having the segments villously ciliated
with white hairs, and the bottom villous from rufous hairs ; the
rest wrinkled transversely, and glabrous ; segments of outer
corona acute, lanceolate ; leaflets of inner corona spreading ; ap-
pendages adnate, ovate-oblong, about equal in length to the
horns, h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mill,
icon. t. 250. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 2S. t. 3. stap. t. 13 and 38.
Lam. ill. t. 178. f. 2.— Bradl. succ. pi. 3. p. 5. t. 23.— Roes,
insect, t. 9. Branches floriferous at the base, hairy ; with
subulate, erect teeth. Corolla yellowish, with deep violet, trans-
verse stripes, a pale red bottom, and red nectaries, size of a
French rose.
Var. ft, atra (Jacq. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 296.) flowers deep
purple. Ker. bot. reg. t. 156.
i/«;V// Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. Shrub ^ foot.
13 S. hama'ta (Jacq. stap. t. 12. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 269.)
corollas flat, ciliated, wrinkled above, with a hairy centre; seg-
ments of exterior corona emarginate ; inner leaflets of inner
corona lanceolate-subulate, hooked : outer ones parallel, with
the beaks erect, a little toothed at the apex. Tj . S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 242. Branches
tufted, with mucronate straight teeth, floriferous at the base.
Corolla 3 inches broad, blood-coloured ; segments acuminated,
with transverse white stripes, ciliated with red hairs. Seg-
ments of corona subulate, bifid, or hooked, rufescent.
//ooAerf-crowned Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
i foot.
14S. coma'ta (Jacq. stap. t. 4. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 269.) corollas
ciliated, with a flat, hairy disk ; the rest glabrous, and wrinkled
transversely ; leaflets of inner corona acute, recurved ; se^menLs
of corolla lanceolate, rather concave, at first deflexed, then spread-
ing ; appendages oblong, truncate, crcnated. (; . S. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Branches sulcate ; with erect teeth ;
floriferous at the base. Peduncles usually solitary. Corolla
pale yellow ; having the segments ciliated with red hairs, and
striped with yellow or blood-colour.
S/iaggy Stapelia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
15 S. MULTiFLORA (D. C. Cat. liort. monsp. 1813. p. 149.)
corolla rotate, with a hairy bottom ; segments flat, rellexed,
ciliated ; horns subulate ; wings joined to the middle, nearly
entire ; branches floriferous in the middle, with erect teeth ;
pedicels aggregate. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Nearly alhed to S. comata, of which it is probably only a variety ;
from which it is distinguished, in the pedicels being aggregate,
not solitary; in the flowers being wholly of a violaceous red
colour, not yellowish in the middle of the segments. Wings
few-toothed, not tridentate ; and the ligulae are sometimes
tridentate, not acute ; marginal hairs purple or white ; central
ones silky and purple.
yl/any-/07i'ererf Stapelia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1817. Shrub J to
1 foot.
16 S. ru'fa (Mass. stap. p. 16. t. 20.) segments of corolla
triangular, acute (ex Mass.), lanceolate, acuminated, ex Haw., ci-
liated, and transversely wrinkled ; ligulse linear-lanceolate, waved ;
stamens ddated unequally, and emarginately bifid ; branches
floriferous at the base : with erect teeth ; pedicels twin or tern.
I7 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond Platte Kloof
Lodd. bot. cab. 239. Corollas size of those of Periploca Grceca,
or a little larger, of an obscure violet colour, variegated with
deep purple, ex Willd., pale red, ex Haw., transverse stripes ;
having the bottom stellate, rufous, and variegated. Corona or
nectarium variegated, ex Willd. Li-ula- deep brown, e.x Haw.
Hairs on the edges of the corolline segments, and those in the
bottom of the corolla port-wine-coloured, ex Haw.
Rufous Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 5 to i
foot.
17 S. pulvina'ta (Mass. stap. p. 13. t. 13.) segments of corolla
roundish, wrinkled transversely, abruptly acuminated, ciliated ;
bottom of corolla elevated, villous ; branches floriferous at the
base; pedicels solitary. tj . S. N.itive of the Cape of Good
Hope, near Cannes. Sims, bot. mag. 1240. Allg. teutsch.
gart. mag. 1815. p. 110. t. 11. Branches reclinate or procum-
bent, floriferous ones ascending. Corolla large, with deep vio-
laceous segments, variegated with whitish, transverse wrinkles,
fuscous and concave at the apex, and with a rufous bottom.
Of all the species this is the most elegant.
Cwi/uon-flowered Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub
proc.
18 S. LANiGERA (Haw. suppl. pi. SUCC. p. 8.) steins quadran-
gular ; angles equal, nearly flat, downy ; corolla very woolly,
dark brown, striped with yellow. h. S. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Stapelia pulvinata, Donn. hort. cant, but not
others. Nearly allied to S. pulvinata and S. hirsuta.
Wool-bearing Stapelia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub
i foot.
19 S. FissiRosTRis (Jacq. stap. t. 7. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268.)
segments of corolla lanceolate, cuspidate, or acuminated, with re-
volute, ciliated edges, wrinkled transversely ; segments of inner
corona subulate, bifid; of the outer, ovate, bluutish; branches
ascending ; pedicels aggregate. »j . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Corolla 2 inches ; segments green outside, and
yellowish green inside, variegated with fuscous, scabrous, trans-
verse stripes.
C/f/<-6ea/terf Stapelia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2i
feet.
Q 2
116
ASCLEPIADEiE. IV. Stapelia.
^ 3. Ligulce, or segments of the outer corona, rhomb-oblong or
cunealed. Leaflets of inner corona simple, subulate, undulated.
Stems glabrous, rvilh 4 equal sides, but much more slender than
those of the former section. This is probably the best marked
section of the genus ; nevertheless the species agree in habit,
and teeth of branches, rvith the last.
20 S. coNciNNA (Mass. stap. p. 15. t. 18.) branches glabrous,
floriferous at the base, with erect teeth ; segments of corolla
ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; bottom of corolla villous, ex
Haw. \i . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro.
Heyne, term. bot. t. 16. f. 8. Flowers about the size of those
of Anemone nemorosa, flat, grey, with transverse, undulated,
fuscous stripes, and white bristles ; and a brown bottom. Pe-
dicels purplish, usually twin. Segments of outer corona emar-
ginate.
7Vea< Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Ck. 1798. Shrub 1 foot.
21 S. GLANDULiFEBA (Jacq. Stap. t. 46.) branches glabrous,
floriferous in the middle ; corolla very villous ; segments ovate,
acuminated ; villi sub-spatulate, white ; ligulae rhomb-oblong,
quite entire, horny, obtuse. 1; . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Pedicels twin or tern, hairy, filiform. Corolla
small, yellowish, having the bottom and numerous concentric,
transverse, broken stripes, rufous. Ligulae yellowish brown.
Stamens bay-coloured.
Gland-bearing Stapelia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. ? Shrub 5 to
\ foot.
22 S. flavicoma'ta (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 8.) stems nume-
rous, quadrangular, slender ; angles equal, downy, teeth leaf-
formed, tumid, and contiguous. I7 . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Very nearly allied to S. glandulifera ; but the
branches are thicker, more numerous, shorter, with the teeth
larger, more leaf-formed, and more close together.
Yellow-haired Stapelia. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub i foot.
23 S. HispiDULA (Hornem. hort. hafn. p. 251.) segments of
corolla acuminated, wrinkled transversely, hispid from clavate
hairs, replicate and naked at apex ; segments of outer corona or
ligul» entire, acute : of the inner subulate, connivent ; pedicels
aggregate, almost radical, much longer than the corollas. h . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species differs from
H. concinna, Mass. in the pedicels being very long, and almost
radical, in the segments of the corolla not being ciliated, and in
the segments of the exterior corona being undivided.
Hisjnd Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub i foot.
24 S. glanduliflora (Mass. stap. p. 16. t. 19.) branches
glabrous, with erect, acute teeth, floriferous at the base ; pedun-
cles twin or tern ; corolla clothed with white, clavate, seta-
ceous glands : segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, spreading. Ij .
S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, among bushes, about
North Olifant's river. Smith, exot. bot. t. 19. Jacq. stap.
t. 40. Branches spreading. Corolla size of those S. con-
cinna, sulphur-coloured. Corona orange and black, ex Willd.
Pedicels purplish. Corolla about the size of those of Anemone
nemorosa, shorter than the calyx, spotted with deep red dots ;
and the bottom deep brown, ex Mass.
Gland-Jlonered Stapelia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. ? Shrub
^ foot.
25 S. acumina'ta (Mass. stap. p. 15. t. 17.) branches gla-
brous, floriferous in the middle ; pedicels glabrous, twin or tern,
shorter than the corolla ; segments of corolla ovate, cuspidately
acuminated, ciliated on the edges ; the rest of the corolla gla-
brous. ^2 • S- Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua
Land. Corollas a little larger than those of//, riifa; segments
green, variegated with dark purple stripes, transversely undu-
lated, tipped with dark purple. Segments of calyx oval,
acute.
Aciiminaied-flowered Stapelia. Fl. Jidy, Sept. Clt. 1795.
Shrub rr foot.
§ 4. Anomalce. Anomalous species, rvilhout the characters of
the preceding sections, and nihich mill probably constitute
new genera, but the characters are not sufficiently known as
to establish these genera.
* Obtuse - dentatce. Angles of branches obtuse, having the
teeth almost obliterated, or very blunt.
26 S. ape'rta (Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 37.) branches numerous,
tetragonal, sub-tridentate at the apex, glaucescent ; corolla flat,
segments ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved, wrinkled, with glabrous edges.
Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land,
near Kok Fountain. Pedicels twice longer than the branches,
usually solitary. Corolla obscure, purple, with dashes of a
more obscure colour ; bottom circular, greyish, dotted with
black. Perhaps a species of Caruncularia.
O^jew-flowered Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub
1 foot.
27 S. RAMOS A (Mass. stap. p. 21. t. $2.) branches numerous,
erect, tetragonal, glaucescent ; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ;
segments of corolla lanceolate, acute, with revolute edges. Tj •
S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro, beyond Platte
Kloof. Pedicels very short, rising from the upper part of
the branches, without the teeth. Angles of branches sinuated.
Corollas size of those of //. pruinbsa, dark purple, with a cir-
cular white bottom. Perhaps a species o{ Piartinthus.
Branched StsipeVia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot.
* * Branches terete, tubercular ; having a hair or spine rising
from each tubercle.
28 S. piLiFEBA (Lin. suppl. 171. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl.
cap. 2. p. 165.) branches numerous, terete, furrowed ; tubercles
furnished each with a bristle ; flowers sessile, solitary ; corolla
campanulate, with ovate, acuminated segments ; segments of
corona bifid. I7 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on
very arid hills, under bushes, in Karro, beneath Roggeweld,
Masson ; beyond Hartequas Kloof, Thunb. Flowers small,
purple, at the tops of the branches, Lin. Corolla size of that of
S. drida, dark purple, with a red circle in the middle, ex Mass.
Corolla smooth outside, but muricated by elevated callosities
inside, ex Thunb. Perhaps this will form a new genus.
Piliferous Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
29 S. GoRDONi (Mass. stap. p. 24. t. 40.) branches terete ;
tubercles terminating each in a spine ; pedicels solitary, at the
tops of the branches ; corolla large, 5-toothed ; teeth or seg-
ments broad, roundish, short-acuminated ; exterior corona 5-
toothed. 17 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Groot-
Namaqua Land, towards the orange river. Corollas among the
largest of the genus, almost 3 inches in diameter, repandly 5-
toothed, of a brownish yellow colour, with a whitish centre ;
segments of the corona short, black in the middle, and white on
the margins. Follicles solitary, erect, long, acute. This differs
from all other species, in the singular form of the corolla, and in
the solitary follicles ; it therefore will hereafter constitute a new
genus, which we would propose calling Monothylaccum, from its
solitary follicles.
Gorrfort'i Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub i foot.
t The following species being hardly krwtvn, they have not been
arranged in any of the sections above.
30 S. coRDA^TA (Hort. ex Haw. syn. p. 26. no. 27.) T? . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. There is nothing known
of this plant but the name.
ASCLEPIADE^E. IV. Stapelia. V. Gonostemon. VI. Podantiies.
117
Corrfrt^e Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub i to i foot.
31 S. cane'scens (Hon. ex Haw. syii. p. 2C. no. 29.) F; . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing is known further
of tiie species.
Canescent StapeVia.. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
32 S. ophiu'ncula (Hort. ex Haw. syn. p. 27. no. 31.) Ij .
S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing but the name
is known of this species.
Small-serpoU Sta\ie\la. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub proc.
33 S. caud.\'ta (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 171.)
stem hairy, leafy ; leaves oblong-linear, falcate ; flowers axillary,
pedicellate, solitary, drooping : segments of the limb linear.
h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves sessile.
Pedicels much shorter than the corolla. Corolla flat, purple,
scaly inside. Perhaps a species of Ccropeg'ia or Brachyslelma.
Tailed Stapelia. Shrub | foot.
34 S. quadra'ngula (Forsk. descr. p. 52. t. 6.) stem tetra-
gonal ; branches divaricate, floriferous at the apex : furnished
with truncate teeth ; flowers small, crowded, sessile ; corolla
5-cleft. 1^ . S. Native of Arabia Felix. Flowers greenish yellow.
Calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Juice not milky, but aqueous.
Forsk. cat. p. 108. no. 194. has also S. quridrdngula ramosa,
no. 194, besides S. quadrdngula, no. 190. Sides of stem half
an inch wide.
Quadrangular-stemmed Stapelia. Shrub It' foot.
35 S. multa'ngula (Forsk. cat. no. 192.) stem branched,
creeping, with 6-9 angles, and as many furrows ; angles toothed;
follicles subulate. h . S. Native of Arabia Felix. Sak el
Ghorob. Forsk. descr. p. 52. Anonymos, Poir. ency. 7. p. 391.
The Arabians affirm, that this plant, after being apparently quite
dead, by drying for a long time, if it is allowed to come in con-
tact with moist earth, it will again revive. Forsk. desc. p. 52.
Many-angled Stapelia. Shrub.
36 S. CLAVA ta (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1295.) stem simple, thick,
clavate, reticulately and obsoletely warted, bearing the fruit at
the apex. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy
fields, beyond Kopperberg. Stapelia, Patters, trav. p. 57. t. 8.
only the fruit.
C7atia?e-stemmed Stapelia. Shrub.
N.B. — There is a species of Stapelia, which was collected at
the Cape of Good Hope, on the banks of the Kaigaviel, near
Roode Gebroken Klip, by Lichtenstein, which Willd. has called,
in his enum. suppl. p. 14, hrevirustris, but without giving any
character of the plant. In the Neweste best, des Gart zu
Belvidere, the following names occur, but without any diag-
nosis of either — 1. S. Buffoniana, 2. S. hifolia, 3. S. cymosa,
4. S. trideniala, 5. S. virgnta, and 6. S. verticillala ; but these
names are very likely synonymous with some of those described
above. There are several undescribcd sjjecies preserved in
spirits of wine in the Banksian museum. What is S. dentdia,
Forsk. cat. 192? and what is S. papulosa of Tabl. de I'ecole,
ann. 1S15. p. 92?
Cult. Singular succulent, grotesque plants ; bearing remarkable
and singularly beautiful, star-like flowers, usually with a very dis-
agreeable smell. The soil best suited for them is a mixture of
loam, sand, and lime or brick rubbish ; for, if grown in a richer
soil, they become more luxuriant, and bear larger flowers ;
but in such a soil they are more apt to rot, if they chance to get a
little too much water supplied them. They require very little
water, except when in blossom ; and in the winter, the less
given to them the better. They are readily increased by cut-
tings, which should be allowed to dry for at least a week or
fortnight after they are taken off from the mother plant, before
they are set ; after which they may be planted in separate pots,
when they will almost immediately strike root ; for if planted when
first taken oft', and full of juice, they have every chance to rot.
V. GONOSTE'MON (from ywcia, gonia, an angle ; and
<TTt)iiiuv, stemon, a stamen.) Haw. syn. p. 27. Stapelia species
of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentihidria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Li-
gulas or segments of the exterior corona distinct, rufous, oblong,
cuneated and recurved at the apex, channel-formed : those of
the inner corona rectangularly incurved, unciform or pcdifbrm,
short, rufous, length of the ligulte, and adnate to them ; bear-
ing at the base large, didymous, yellow anthers. Between the
corona and the angles of the style, there are " stigmas, 2 of
which are anther-formed, the other black and dot-formed ; and
from this dot there runs down an oblong, very minute, bifid,
yellow ligulae. — Succulent shrubs, with the habit of Stapelia;
but the branches are more slender and divaricate. Flowers
fascicled. Pedicels length of the corolline segments.
1 G. divarica'ta (Haw. syn. p. 27.) branches numerous, te-
tragonal, glabrous, gradually attenuated : with small, erect teeth ;
corolla quite glabrous ; segments lanceolate, spreading, with
revolute ciliated edges. H . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stapelia divaricata, Mass. stap. p. 17. t. 22. Sims, bot.
mag. 1007. Branches floriferous in the middle, or at the base.
Pedicels twin or tern. Segments of exterior corona roundish,
obtuse, mucronate. Corolla shining, greenish brown outside,
and flesh-coloured inside, tipped with green. Corona orange-
coloured.
Z)ji)arica/(;-branched Gonostemon. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 179.':i.
Shrub I foot.
2 G. pa'llida ; branches erect, short, tetragonal, glabrous :
with short, deciduous teeth ; corolla glabrous ; segments acute,
ciliated ; pedicels aggregate, rising above the base of the
branches ; segments of outer corona spreading, in the figure
sub-tridentate ; of the interior one erect and bluntish. Ij . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stajjelia pallida, Wendl.
coll. 2. p. 39. t. 51. Corolla pale yellow, verging to flesh-
coloured ; the segments tipped with greenish yellow. Corona
yellow.
Pafe-yellow Gonostemon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrul.
h foot.
3 G. STRiCTA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 12.) corollas naked,
flat ; branches erect. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stapelia stricta, Sims, bot. mag. 2037. Branches slenderer than
in the preceding.
StraiglU Gonostemon. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1814. Shrub i
foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, above.
VI. PODA'NTHES (from n-ouc ttoJoc, pous podos, a foot;
and avBoQ, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the flowers being on
long pedicels.) Haw. syn. p. 32. — Stapelia species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Corolla 5-cleft, wrinkled;
with a broad, campanulate bottom, girded by a tumid orbiele.
Lignlas, or segments of the exterior corona, combined to the
middle, channel-formed, rhomboid, deeply emarginated, or cu-
neately 2-lobed ; those of the inner corona simple, short, form
of a reversed foot, alternating with the ligula;, incurvedly and
closely adpressed to the style ; the rest as in Staptlia. — Habit ot
Stapelia; but the branches are much more slender, efl^usely de-
cumbent and weak, rooting at the base, obsoletely 4-5-angled ;
with much larger, deltoid-acuminated, ascending, thick teeth,
but terminated by a less manifest leaf.
1 P. pu'lchra (Haw. syn. p. 32.) weak and much br.inched ;
flowers twin, semi-quinquefid, corrugated, with a minulcly pilose
bottom. I: . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapi-lia
verrucosa, Hort. but not of Mass. Flowers on long, bent
pedicels. Segments of corolla deltoid acuminated, green out-
side, and sulphur-coloured inside, warted ; warts numerous,
118
ASCLEPIADE^. VI. Podanthes. VII. Tiudentea.
dark brown. Bottom of corolla dark brown, girded by a few
glandular hairs.
Far. ft, verrucosa : branches longer and thicker. h . S.
Stapelia verrucosa, Sims, hot. mag. 1780, but not of Mass.
Stapelia pulchella, Hort. but not of Mass. Corolla pale yellow,
with dark purple marks. Segments of the outer corona emar-
ginate ; the inner one of ovate yellow corpuscles.
fair Podanthes. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub cr.
2 P. iRBORA^TA (Haw. syn. p. 33.) branches numerous,
erectish, decumbent ; pedicels usually solitary : corolla more
semi-quinquefid than the last, wrinkled and bedewed : with lan-
ceolate, acuminated segments. ^ . S. Native of the Ca|>e of Good
Hope. Stapelia irrorata, Mass. stap. p. 12. t. 9. Lodd. bot.
cab. 127. Corolla sulphur-coloured, and spotted with blood
colour ; having the bottom blood-coloured, and the segments
tipped with purple. This species differs from P. verrucosa, in
the flowers not being warted, and in the want of the pentagonal
circle, and colour, ex Willd. spec. 1. p. 1452.
Bedewed Vodaathes. Fl. July. Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec.
3 P. VERRUCOSA (Haw. syn. p. 33.) branches numerous, as-
cending, tetragonal ; pedicels solitary or twin ; corolla quinquefid,
warted ; segments ovate, acuminated ; orbicle in the bottom of
the corolla scabrous, pentagonal. I^ • S- Native of the Cape
of Guod Hope. Stapelia verrucosa, Mass. stap. 2. no. 8. t. 8.
but not of Sims, Jacq. stap. t. 26. Corolla yellowish, spotted
with blood-colour ; but with the tops of the segments, and about
the bottom brownish. Segments of the outer corona lunutely
2 lobed; leaflets of the inner uncinate, obtuse, and retuse.
JVartcd-tiowered Podanthes. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1795.
Shrub i foot.
4 P. RORiFLUA ; corolla 5-cleft, dotted, with an equal bottom;
segments of the outer corona emarginate ; leaflets of the inner
corona incurved, 2-lobed. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stapelia roriflua, Jacq. stap. t. 30. Willd. enum. p. 285.
Orbicle none. Beaks gibbous, lying upon the stigma, ex Jacq.
Corolla yellow, dotted with red.
Z)ej!)-_^on)ing-flowered Podanthes. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1802.
Shrub proc.
5 P. pulche'lia (Haw. syn. 33.) branches numerous, tetra-
gonal, recliuate ; pedicels fasciculate; corolla 5-cleft, wrinkled:
with ovate, acute segments ; orbicle circular. Tj . S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulchella, Mass. stap. p.
22. t. 26. Corolla yellow, dottetl with blood-colour. Tips of
segments and bottom fuscescent.
A'm/ Podanthes. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec.
6 P. cilia'ta (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, tetra-
gonal, procumbent, radicant ; pedicels solitary ; corolla 5-cleft,
papillose above, and ciliated on the margins : with ovate, acute,
flat segments. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in
Karro. Stapelia ciliata, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p.
168. Mass. stap. p. 9. t. 1. Corolla yellowish, ex Willd.,
purplish green, greyish inside, with rufescent papilla, ex Thunb.
Cilia clavate, white, ex Thunb. Orbicle beset with papillce,
which are tipped with purple.
Ci/(ntoZ Podanthus. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1795. Shrub cr.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
VII. TRIDE'NTEA (from tridens, a trident; in reference to
the segments of the outer corona being tridentate.) Haw. syn.
p. S4. — Stapelia species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandr'm, Mnnogipua. All as in Stapelia,
except the ligulae or segments of the outer corona, which are
tridentiform ; and those of the inner corona are unequally bipar-
tite— The species have almost the habit of those of Podanthes ;
but the branches are naked, and more erect ; and the teeth are
smaller, and terminated by a very manifest green leaf.
1 T. GEMMiFLORA (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous,
erect, tetragonal ; pedicels solitary or twin ; corolla corrugated ;
segments ovate, acute, ciliated with white hairs, 5-nervcd above.
fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in arid places, among
bushes, beyond Platte Kloof. Stapelia gemmiflora, Mass. stap.
p. 14. t. 15. Jacq. stap. t. 9. Corolla almost black, ciliated
with dark hairs. Orbicle none, ex Haw. Ligulae deep purple,
with paler tips. Outer branches of inner corona dark purple ;
inner ones tipped with white.
Var. fi; corolla marked with golden yellow dots, Mass.
Var. y ; corolla wholly black. Haw.
Geni-Jlowered Tridentia. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub
i foot.
2 T. Sty'gia (Haw. syn. p. 34.) corollas wrinkled, black,
ciliated with red hairs ; branches thick, short, yellowish green.
Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia Stygia,
Iioern. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 561. The branches of this spe-
cies are very diflPerent from the preceding, being shorter,
thicker, and paler.
Sti/gian Tiidentea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ISIO. Shrub J foot.
3 T. moscha'ta (Haw. syn. p. 25. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.)
corolla ciliated, wrinkled from tubercles above, and dotted
beneath ; leaflets of inner corona subulate, diverging ; appen-
dages lanceolate. Ij • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stapelia hircosa, Jacq. stap. t. 43. Willd. enum. p. 281. Co-
rolla brownish purple, spotted with yellow. Le.iflrts of outer
corona tripartite ; the middle segments much the longest.
Musliy Tridentea. Shrub.
4 T. ? ve'tula (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, erect,
tetragonal : pedicels twin or tern ; corolla glabrous, with lanceo-
late, bluntly acuminated segments, which are 3-nerved above, and
wrinkled, f^ • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the moun-
tains, at Hex river. Stapelia vetula, Mass. stap. p. 15. t, 16. Jacq.
stap. t. 27. Allg. gart. mag. 1818. p. 17. t. 2. Corolla dark,
violaceous, with a dark jmrple bottom. Segments of corolla
ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved above, ex Willd. Ligulae oblong,
acute : inner branches of inner corona subulate, diverging ;
outer ones ovate, somewhat tridentate, ex Willd. Perhaps a true
species ol' Stapelia.
Stale Trideinca. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1793. Shiub i to i
foot.
5 T. SiMsii ; branches tetragonal, erect : with thick teeth ;
segments of corolla 5-nerved, ovate, acuminated ; ligulae retusely
tricuspidate ; branches of inner corona subidate. 1; , S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia vetula, Sims, bot. mag. t.
1234, exclusive of the synonyms. Stapelia Simsii, Koem. et
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 33. Trid. vetula. Haw. syn. p. 30. Co-
rolla dark. Ligulffi yellow.
Sims's Tridentea. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub A to i
foot.
6 T. depre'ssa ; segments of corolla ciliated, wrinkled ;
ligulae tridentate ; branches of inner corona a little toothed, subu-
late, spreading. V) . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stapelia depressa, Jacq. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268.
Depressed Tridentea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub + to A
foot.
7 T. RUGOSA ; branches tetragonal, procumbent, but afterwards
erect; pedicels solitary ; corolla wrinkled, glabrous; inner branch
of inner corona clavate, outer one terete, obtuse. f; . S. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapt'lia ruuosa, Jacq. stap. t. 21.
Willd. enum. p. 284. Corolla 3 inches broad, pale green beneath,
but marked above with dark purple and blood-coloured dots.
Bottom of corolla orbicular, tumid, ex Willd. Orbicle spu-
rious, depressed, surrounded by 5 crenatures, ex Jacq. 1. c.
Wrinkled-Rowered Tridentea. Shrub dec.
8 T. PANicuLATA (Haw.) corollas flat, transversely papillose,
12
ASCLEPIADEJ^. VIII. Tromotriche. IX. Orbea.
119
hairy ; segments of exterior corona, or ligulcB, obtuse, obso-
letely tridentate ; horns subulate, connivent : outer branches of
inner corona ovate, obtuse. I; . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stapelia paniculilta, Jacq. stap. t. CI. Corolla of
a livid green colour outside, glabrous, brownish purple, and
beset with violaceous papilla; inside ; hairs white.
Panicled Tridentea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Slapciia, p. 117.
VIII. TROMOTRICHE (rpofjoe, tromos, tremor; fipii
TpixoQ, Ihrix, Irichos, a hair ; in reference to the cilia of the
corolla being tremulous.) Haw. syn. p. 36. — Stapelia species
of authors.
Lin. syst. Pcntditdiia, D'igynia. Corolla smooth, revolute,
ciliated with tremulous spatulate hairs. Segments of exterior
corona, or ligulse, connate at the base, horizontal, cuneate-rhom-
boid and serrated ; those of the inner corona unequally bifid ;
inner branch recurved, longer and slenderer than tlie other, gra-
dually thickened to the apex, whence it appears like a stigma. —
Habit almost of the first section of Stapelia; but the branches
are naked, and very glaucous, or rather pruinose, erectly decum-
bent ; the teeth distant, thick, horizontal, or a little recurved.
1 T. kevolu'ta (Haw. syn. p. 3G.) branches tetragonal,
glaucous, erect ; corolla glabrous ; but the segments are ciliated
with spatulate glands, acute, and revolute ; ligulae quadrate, ob-
cuneatcd and retuse at top ; outer branch of iimer corona tooth-
formed, acute. h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in
Karro, under bushes. Stapelia revolijta, Mass. stap. p. 12. t.
10. Sims, bot. mag. 724. Branches floriferous at top. Pedi-
cels solitary. Corolla pale, violaceous, ex Wdld., greenish
yellow outside, and purplish inside, ex Mass ; dirty dark red,
with a pale circle at tiie base of the lobes, ex Haw. suppl. pi.
succ. p. 1 1 .
i?ei'o/u?e-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1790.
Shrub 1 foot.
2 T. GLAu'cA (Haw. syn. p. 37.) branches tetragonal, very
ghucous ; corolla glabrous; segments ovate, acute, revolute,
fringed with clavate glands ; ligulse bi-tridentate at apex. fj .
S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia glafica, Jacq.
stap. t. 10. Willd. enum. p. 279. Very like T. revolilla, in the
mode of growth, colour, form, and corolla ; but differs from it
in the segments of the exterior corona being tridentate, ex
Willd Branches sometimes hexagonal, ex Jacq. Pedicels
aggregate at the tops of the branches. Corolla livid green
outside, and striated : blood -coloured inside ; with a white
bottom ; ex Jacq. Lobes of outer corona obtuse, and a little
emarginate at the apex: therefoie the plants of Jacquin and
Haworth are probably distinct.
G/a«coi« Tromotriche. Fl.Ju.Nov. Clt. 1799. Sh. lto2feet.
3 T. PRUiNOSA (Haw. syn. p. 37.) branches bluntly tetrago-
nal, erect, with recurved teeth ; corolla with flat, ovate, pilose,
or downy segments, the down appearing like powder; ligulae ser-
rated at top. ? Tt . ,S. Native oF the Cape of Good Hope, in the
dry regions of Namaqua Land, among bushes. Stapelia pruinosa,
Mass. stap. p. 2-i. t. U. Corolla blackish, beset with white
adpressed hairs, ex Willd. Stems purplish. Flowers small,
solitary, twin, or tern, towards the tops of tlie branches, pur-
plish, ex Mass. Perhaps a species of Piardnthiis.
/*r!«'KO«e-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1795.
Shrub li foot.
4 T. oBLiauA ; branches tetragonal, glaucous? corolla gla-
brous ; segments ovate-acuminated, bent, obliquely ciliated
with clavate white or purple glands ; ligulae bidentate, acute.
Tq . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia obliqua,
Willd. enum. suppl. p. 13. Corolla dirty yellow, marked with
confluent, violaceous spots. Exterior corona greenish yellow,
dotted at top, and furnished with a mark at the base.
06/((/»f-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1805.
Shrub li foot.
5 T. vusca'ta (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.) branches tetra-
gonal, erectish, glaucous-green ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of
outer corona 2-3-toothed ; shorter branches of inner corona ob-
tuse, ^i . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. T. glaiica, /3,
Haw. syn. p. 37. Stapelia fuscata, Jacq. stap. t. .55. Flowers
brownish purple. Corolla pale at bottom, striated transversely
with red ; ciliated at top, with clavate, wine-coloured glands.
Ligulae dark brown.
/;ron'?i(.s/i-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1814.
Shrub I to 1 foot.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Slajiclia, p. 1 1 7.
IX. O'RBEA (from orbis, an orb; the orb in the centre of
the flower is very large and elevated.) Haw. syn. p. 38. —
Stapelia species of authors.
LiN. SYST, Ptnlditdrla, Digynia. Corolla 5-cleft, starry, the
whole of the inside corrugated, furnished with a large, elevated
orb in the centre. Segments of outer corona, or ligulae,
long, spreading, bi or tridendate at the apex ; those of the inner
corona unequally bifid ; the inner branch recurved, longer than
the outer one, style-formed, clavate, and stigma-formed at the
apex. — Habit of the species of Foddnlhes ; but the branches
are more robust, and less effuse ; and, wlien old, become de-
cumbent and creeping : the teeth are smaller, and horizontal, not
ascending.
1 O. maculosa (Haw. syn. 37.) corolla smooth, ciliated ;
ligulse tridentate ; orb convex, downy, ex Haw. Ij . S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia maculosa, Jacq. stap. t.
31. Willd. enum. p. 283. Sims, bot. mag. 1833. Stap. mixta,
Donn. hort. cant. Segments of corolla ovate, acute, dirty
yellow, red at the apex and edges, almost covered by confluent,
rufous, large spots. Orb waved, elevated, but small for the size
of the flower. Ligulaj 2-3-toothed at top, brownish grey, pale
at top, and marked by a large, distinct, brown spot, ex Haw.
.S'/jo^ecZ-flowered Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1804. Shrub
1 foot.
2 O. MIXTA (Haw. syn. p. 38.) corolla glabrous, with ovate,
acuminated, wrinkled segments, an elevated, pa])illose orb, and
bifid ligulse. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stapelia mixta, Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 38. Flowers drooping, of
an obscure violaceous colour, wrinkled with transverse yellow
stripes, and a yellow orb, beset with brown papilla. Very nearly
allied to O. var'icgata ; but differs in the form of the teeth of
the branches, and in tlie flowers being twice the size, in the acu-
minated segments, in the elevated, papillose orb, &c.
Miaerf Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 foot.
.S O. quinquene'rvis (Haw. ."^yn. p. 38.) corolla glabrous, .'
5-nerved on both sides ; segments roundish elliptic ; liguliE
tridentate, middle tooth small ; branches spotted with brown.
\2 ■ S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia quinque-
nervis, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 0. p. 37. Larger than O.
variegata. CoroUine segments sulphur-coloured, less spotted
than in O. hisulca ; but having brown spots on both surfaces
in certain places ; and the corolla, and exterior corona, are more
deeply cleft than in O. hisulca. Ligulse yellow, having a blood-
coloured spot at the base, but with distinct brownish dots at the
apex
sept.
Clt. 1800.
Five-nerved-AoviereA Orbea. Fl. Ji
Shrub 1 foot.
4 O. bisu'lca (Haw. syn. p. 39.) corolla glabrous ; orb large ;
ligulae emarginate ; branches thick, green. J? , S. Native of
120
ASCLEPIADEiE. IX. Orbea.
the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia trisiilca, Jacq. stap. t. 64.
Corolla dirty yellow, covered with dark rufous dots ; orb sul-
phur-coloiued ; ligulse yellow ; with a large deep brown mark
at the base, and dotted at the apex.
Two-furrowed Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub
1 foot.
5 O. variega'ta (Haw. syn. 40.) corolla glabrous, convex
outside of the tube ; segments ovate, acute; ligulse bifid, acute ;
orb tumid, large. I; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
on the sides of mountains, at Leuweberg, and elsewhere. Sta-
pelia varieg-ita, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 170. Jacq.
stap. t. 24. misc. 1. p. 27. t. 4. D. C. pi. gr. t. 149. Tratt.
thes. t. 18. but not of Forsk. desc. p. 51. which does not belong
to the genus, but is probably an Apocyneous plant. Herm.
lugd. t. 53.— Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 30. t. 12. f. 2. Flowers
solitary, large, drooping. Corolla sulphur-coloured, variegated
with transverse wrinkles, and irregular brownish-purple spots :
having the orb in the bottom paler, Willd. Branches floriferous
at the base.
ran'ega^erf- flowered Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1727.
Sinub 1 foot.
6 O. CuRTisii (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla sidphur-coloured ;
ligulae entire. Tj . S. Stapelia variegata, Curt. bot. mag. t.
26. exclusive of the synonymes.
Curtis' s Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1690. Shrub 1 ft.
7 O. PLANiFLORA ; corolla glabrous, flat ; orb tumid ; leaflets
of outer corona obtuse, bidentate. fj . S. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Stapelia planiflora, Jacq. stap. Poir. suppl.
5. p. 'Zo'Z. Lodd. bot. cab. 191. Branches procumbent, gla-
brous. Pedicels solitary or twin at the insertion of the branches.
Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, spotted with blackish purple.
This species is very like 0. variegata, but differs in the corolla
bring very flat.
P'ar. jS, marginala (Poir. 1. c.) edges of corolla dark purple.
(;. S.
Flat-Jlomered Ovhea. Fl. Jidy, Nov. Clt. 1805. Sh. proc.
8 O. Wendlandia'na ; corolla glabrous : with acuminated,
reflexed segments ; orb elevated, tumid ; ligulae emarginate ;
branches decumbent, floriferous at the base ; pedicels solitary.
^. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia rugosa,
Wendl. coll. 2. p. 41. t. 52. Stap. Wendlandiana, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 39. Teeth of branches long, subspinose.
Pedicels pale red. Corolla pale yellow outside, and yellow and
spotted with brown inside ; and the orb brownish, as well as the
ligulae ; inner corona pale yellow.
IVendlanil's Orhea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Sh. dec.
9 O. margina'ta; corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bidentate,
obtuse ; orb tumid, bluntly 5-angled. h^ . S. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia niarginata, Willd. enum. suppl.
p. 13. Corolla pale yellow, margined with red, and painted
with the same colour ; orb pale yellow ; ligulae yellow, dotted
at top, and furnished with 3 red spots at the base, the middle
yellow.
Marginate-Ro^KereA Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805.
Shrub dec.
10 O. consporca'ta ; corolla glabrous, but ciliated with
minute clavate hairs ; orb tumid ; ligulK bifid. Jj . S. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia conspurcata, Jacq.
stap. t. 47. Corolla dirty yellow, ornamented with viola-
ceous spots, as well as the orb ; ligulae yellow, painted with a
broad, dotted, violaceous line. Nearly allied to O. normalis,
hut differs in the edges of the corolla being ciliated with minute,
clavate, white hairs.
Defiled Orhea. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec.
11 O. norma^lis ; corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bifid, fur-
nished with a blunt tooth between each ; orb rather tumid.
I7 . S, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia normalis,
Jacq. stap. t. 42. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268. Ker. bot. reg. 755.
Very like O. variegata, but differs in the dots on the corolla,
and ligulae disposed in regular parallel rows.
liegidar-qwtled Orbea. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1821. Sh.
12 O. clypea'ta (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 13.) corolla flat,
glabrous ; ligulae semibifid, acute, with a tooth between each ;
orb tumid. H . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sta-
pelia clypeata, Jacq. diar. lips. 814. p. 269. stap. t. 48. Both
branches of the leaflets of inner corona capitate. Corolla yellow,
sjjotted with purple.
^7HV/(/a/-flovvered Orbea. Clt. 1812. Shrub J foot.
13 O. orbicula'ris (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla glabrous ; with
roundish, acuminated segments ; orb tumid ; ligulae short, obcor-
dately emarginate. !; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stapelia orbicularis, Andr. bot. rep. t. 439. Branches tufted,
erect, curved at the base. Pedicels solitary. Corolla pale
yellow : having approximate, brownish lines on the segments ;
orb yellow, dotted with brown ; bottom deep brown.
Oj-6icMW-ringed Orbea. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1799. Shrub
+ foot.
14 O. BUFONIA (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla flat, glabrous;
ligulae bifid, obtuse ; orb tumid. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stapelia bufonia, Jacq. t. 1. and 49. diar. lips. p.
269. Willd. enum. p. 283. Sims, bot. mag. 1076. Branches
glaucescent. Pedicels solitary. Corolla pale and livid green
outside, with red nerves, and dirty brown inside, spotted with
purple, and striped with yellow.
► Toad Ovhea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub | foot.
15 O. marmora'ta ; corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bifid,
obtuse ; orb subtumid. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stapelia marmorata, Jacq. diar. lips. 1814. p. 269.
stap. t. 28. Very nearly allied to 0. bufonia. Corolla purple,
striped with yellow and white.
Marbled-Rowered Orhea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh.
I foot.
16 O. RETu'sA (Haw. syn. p. 41,) corolla glabrous; with
deltoid segments, which are 5-nerved outside as in all the rest ;
ligulae long, lorate, retuse ; orb large. h . S. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stapfelia retusa. Room, et Schultes, syst.
6. p. 41. Branches similar to those of O. ayiguhia, but thicker.
Pedicels long, from the base of the branches. Corolla yellow-
ish inside, spotted, and striped with dark brown, but more par-
ticularly towards the base ; but the orb is paler and less spotted.
Ligvda green, with very minute rufous spots. Inner corona
beset with small, scattered, black tubercles, as in 0. angmnea.
Retuse Orbea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub i ft.
17 O. ANGUiNEA (Haw. syn. p. 41.) corolla glabrous ; ligulse
semibipartite ; orb large. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stapelia anguina, Jacq. stap. t. 54. Lodd. bot. cab. 828.
Pedicels long, rising from the base of the branches. Corolla
yellow, marked with numerous rufous spots ; the orb is marked
with large spots of two forms, dark brown yellow on the sides
near the base. Gynostegium dotted with dark brown.
;S'«aA:e-speckled Orbea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Sh. i ft.
18 O. picTA (Haw. syn. p. 42.) corolla semiquinquefid, gla-
brous, with ovate, acuminated segments ; ligulse bifid ; orb ele-
vated, depressed in the centre. f; . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stapt;lia picta, Donn. hort. cant. p. 53. Sims,
bot. mag. 1169. Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 7. p. 413. t. 42. S.
variegata, Jacq. misc. 1. p. 27. t. 4. ? Branches simple, 4-
furrovved, torulose. Corolla yellow, variegated with dark pur-
ple. It differs from O. variegata in the corolla being rather
smaller, in the ring or orb being narrower, not dotted, but varie-
ASCLEPIADE;E. IX. Orbea. X. Obesia. XI. Duvalia.
121
gated with black and white, and from all the rest in the bottom
part of the corolla being very dark brown.
Pflin<crf-flovvered Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1799. Sh. 1 ft.
19 O. Woodpordia'na (Haw. syn. p. 42.). ^ . S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia Woodfordiilna, Hort.
Haworth has not seen the flowers of this species ; but the plant
is verj' like O. anguinea and O. picla.
Jl'ood/ord's Orhea. Clt. ISIO. Shrub | foot.
20 O. le'pida (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 13.) corolla glabrous;
orb tumid ; ligula: obtuse, emarginate or retuse. fj . S. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia lepida, Jacq. stap. t.
15. Willd. enum. p. 280. Podanthes ? lepida, Haw. syn. p. 34.
no. 5. Very like O. variegata, but the branches are green, not
g'aucescent. Pedicels usually twin. Corolla greenish yellow,
with purple spots ; liguke green, spotted with red. Outer branch
of inner corona subulate, acute ; inner one obtuse.
Pretty Orhea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Shrub | foot.
21 O. muta'bilis ; corolla fringed, spotted; teeth of branches
spreading ; ligulaa tridentate ; inner branch of inner corona da-
vate. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia
mutabilis, Jacq. t. 59-00. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 838. Stap. riifa,
Mass. ? Corolla greenish yellow, with numerous transverse
purple stripes, ciliated with red, clavate, tremulous hairs. This
species seems to be intermediate between O'rhea and Tromotriche.
Changeable-aov.e\-ed Orbea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 2 foot.
22 O, inodora (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 12.) corolla sul-
phur-coloured, spotted with dark brown, scentless ; leaflets of
outer corona emarginate, shorter than the large orb, depressed,
rather flexuous. tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Inner branches of inner corona incurved, a little attenuated at
the top: outer one longer and incurved.
Scentless Orbea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1788. Shrub i ft.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
X. OBE'SIA {obesus, fat ; flowers). Haw. syn. p. 42. —
Stapelia species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. All as m Stapelia ; but
the exterior corona is 5-lobed, therefore there are no ligulae ;
the orb or ring is also wanting. Leaflets of inner corona bi-
partite, yellow, small, thick, and truncate, thickest at the apex ;
outer branch spreading; inner branch semicylindrical, closely
incurved above tlie table of the style.— Glaucescent plants with
the habit of Stapelia. Joints of branches short, almost oblong,
very thick, obsoletely tetragonal, radicant : with small, hori-
zontal teeth. Flowers small, usually twin.
1 O. gemina'ta (Haw. syn. p. 42.) joints of branches pro-
liferous, creeping, suboval, obscurely tetragonal, floriferous at
top ; flowers usually twin ; outer corona 3-lobed ; margins of
segments of corolla revolute. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stapelia geminata, Mass. stap. p. 18. t. 25.
Sims, bot. mag. 1326. Lodd. bot. cab. p. 300. Jacq. stap. t. 8.
Corolla orange yellow, dotted with blood colour ; segments lan-
ceolate, acuminated, rather hairy inside, when examined by a lens,
ex Mass. Lobes of outer corona tridentate.
Th in-flowered Obesia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. Sh. cr.
2 O. decora (Haw. syn. p. 43.) joints of branches oblong,
obsoletely tetragonal, floriferous at base ; flowers twin ; outer
corona 5-lobed ; segments of corolla scabrous from dots above,
lanceolate, acuminated, with revolute edges. Ij . S. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia decora, Mass. stap. p. 19.
t. 26. Corolla yellow, beset with dark purple, elevated dots.
It differs from 0. geminata in the joints of the branches being
smaller, in the teeth being stronger, and in the flowers being
rather larger, and scabrous from dots.
Graceful Obesia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. PI. tufted.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
VOL. IV.
XI. DUVA'LIA (named after H. A. Duval, of Paris ; author
of Enumeratio Plantarum Succulentarum in Horto Alenconio).
Haw. syn. p. 44. — Stapelia species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. All as m Stapelia ; but
the segments of the corolla are more or less bent to one side ;
the orb is elevated ; the lobes of the outer corona are entire,
bifid, or emarginate at apex ; the segments of the inner corona
are minute, hollow, resembling a bird's head, and incurvedly ad-
pressed to the angles of the style ; the table of the style is round,
a little repand, with 5 angular depressions. — Habit of Stapelia.
Branches short, proliferous, almost as in Piardnthus, often shorter
and more glomerate, and throwing out numerous roots, usually
glaucescent.
* Corollas ciliated.
1 D. reclina'ta (Haw. syn. p. 44.) corolla with lanceo-
late, ciliated, replicate segments ; an elevated, convex orb ;
branches tetragonal, floriferous in the middle ; segments of ex-
terior corona bifid ; leaflets of the inner one galeately hooked.
J; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia reclinkta,
Mass. stap. p. 19. t. 28. Jacq. stap. p. 4. Sims, bot. mag.
139. Cilia of corolla clavate. Pedicels solitary or aggregate.
Corolla small, dark purple.
Reclinate-^ov:ereA Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1795.
Shrub cr.
2 D. e'legans (Haw. syn. p. 44.) corolla with deltoid,
acuminated, ciliated segments, which are clothed with long
purple hairs inside, and a small, elevated orb ; segments of the
outer corona purplish ; branches tetragonal, floriferous in the
middle, fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia
elegans, Mass. 19. t. 27. Sims, bot. mag. 1184. Pedicels
twin or tern. Corolla hispid, fringed, smaller than those of O.
reclinata, dark purple, with a rufescent, pentagonal bottom.
Elegant Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub cr.
3 D. c^sriTosA (Haw. syn. p. 45.) corolla with lanceolate,
acute, replicate, ciliated segments, an elevated orb ; segments
of outer corona bifid ; leaflets of the inner depressedly hooked ;
joints of branches crowded, tetragonal, floriferous above the
base. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro,
under bushes. Stapelia caespitosa, Mass. stap. p. 20. t. 29.
Redout. liliac. t. 148. Jacq. stap. t. 2. Corollas size of those
of D. elegans, dark purple ; having the orb and corona green.
Segments of the corolla ciliated from the base to above the
middle ; the apex naked.
Tw/terf Duvalia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub proc.
4 D. Jacquinia'na ; corolla with lanceolate segments, having
their edges reflexed and ciliated, and an elevated orb ; segments
of outer corona bifid ; leaflets of the inner falcately hooked ;
joints of branches oblong. ^i . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stapelia radiita, Jacq. stap. t. 37. Stap.
Jacquiniana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 45. Flowers deep
purple.
Jacquin'sTixwaWa.. Fl. July, Sept. Clt, 1802. Sh. proc.
5 I). ? defle'xa ; corolla wrinkled, ciliated, downy in the
centre ; segments with revolute edges, the whole straight and
deflexed ; segments of the outer corona beaked, acute, gibbose
at the base, erect ; leaflets of the inner corona subrotate. Ij . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia deflexa, Jacq.
stap. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268. Branches ascending a foot high
and more. Pedicels aggregate at the base and in the middle of
the branches. Corolla yellow inside, livid green outside, with
rufescent stripes.
Deflexed Duvalia. Shrub.
6 D. tubercula'ta (Haw. syn. p. 46. suppl. pi. succ. p. 13.)
brandies oblong, tetragonal ; teeth large, recurved ; orb hairy ;
segments of corolla ciliately pubescent, dark brown. ^i . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia tuberculata,
R
ASCLEPIADEiE. XI. Duvalia. XII. Caruncularia. XIII. Pectinaria. XIV. Caralluma.
122
Hort. Plant smaller than D. radiata. Ligulae angular, entire,
pale rufous. Segments of inner corona pale red.
r«6erc/ed Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1808. Sh. proc.
7 D. hirte'lla ; segments of corolla replicate, lanceolate,
ciliated on the edges ; orb elevated, hairy ; segmentsof outer co-
rona obtuse ; segments of inner corona falcately hooked ; branches
columnar, not oblong, as in D. ca-t-pitdsa ; pedicels usually soli-
tary. It-S. Nativeof the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia hirtella,
Jacq. slap. t. 14. Willd. enum. p. 285. Haw. syn. p. 20. suppl.
pi. succ. p. 10. Corolla livid green outside, deep purple inside.
i/aJr2/-flowered Duvalia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1800. Sh. proc.
8 D. mastodes ; segments of corolla replicate, ciliated at
the base; orb elevated, glabrous; branches hexagonal; tuber-
cles of branches flattish, mammillary. T? . S. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia mastodes, Jacq. stap. t. 56-57.
Corolla brownish purple. Pedicels in fascicles, near the tops of
the branches.
Teal-toothed Duvalia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub proc.
* * Segments of corolla naked, not ciliated.
9 D. radia'ta (Haw. syn. p. 45.) corolla with narrow, dis-
tant, replicate, naked segments, and an elevated orb ; segments
of the outer corona obtuse, entire ; joints of branches short,
tetrao-onal ; pedicels twin. 1; . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stapelia radiata, Sims, bot. mag. 619. Lodd. bot. cab.
831. Inner corona of 5 tongue-shaped, concave bodies, dis-
posed in a stellate manner, bending back upon the centre of the
corolla, at the apex. Corolla dark purple. In Jacq. stap. t.
29, the corolla is ciliated.
7{a<Zja/c-nectaried Duvalia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. Sh.
proc.
10 D. replica'ta (Haw. 1. c.) corolla with lanceolate, repli-
cate, naked segments, and an elevated orb ; segments of the
exterior corona obtuse ; leaflets of the interior corona felcately
uncinate. T; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sta-
pelia replic^ta, Jacq. stap. Willd. enum. p. 286. Branches
ascending. Pedicels usually solitary. Corolla livid green out-
side, blackish purple inside. Perhaps the same as D. radiata.
RepUcnle-RowereA Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1812.
Shrub proc.
11 D. l;eviga'ta (Haw. syn. p. 46. supjil. pi. succ. p. 14.)
orb large ; segments of corolla horizontal. 1^ . S. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia laevigata, Hort. Very
nearly allied to D. radiata. Orb larger and petals more hori-
zontal than in any other species.
^■jnoo^/i Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub proc.
12 D. glomera'ta (Haw. sjn. p. 46.) flowers usually 4
together ; segments of corolla connivent, except at the tops ;
orb rather downy ; branches prostrate or dependent, glomerate,
rooting at bottom. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stapelia glomerata, Hort. Segments of inner corona length of
ligulfe. Corolla thick, dark brow n. Orb very blunt, subrepand,
with a pale base. Very like D. compacta, but larger.
G/ojnerfl?e-branched Duvalia. Clt. 1804. Shrub proc.
13 D. comi'a'cta (Haw. syn. p. 46.) flowers usually twin ;
.segments of corolla dark purple, retrofracted and connivent ;
table of style and stamens brown ; joints of branches densely
glomerate, an inch long. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stapelia conipacta, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 40.
Segments of inner corona like a bird's head, a little paler than
the table of the style ; the rest as in the other species. Branches
prostrate, rooting at bottom. Smaller and more compact than
D. glomerata.
C'owpac/ Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Sh. tufted.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
XII. CARUNCULA'RIA (from caruncula, a fleshy protu-
12
berance ; tops of inner corona carunculate). Haw. syn. p. 334.
— Stapelia species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. All as in Stapelia, except
the segmentsof the outer corona or ligulcB, which are short and
emarginate ; segments of inner corona bipartite, recurved, com-
pressed, attenuated downwards, globose at top, and granulately
carunculate ; granules of very different forms. — Much-branched
plants, with the habit of Stapelia. Branches tetragonal.
1 C. peduncula'ta (Haw. syn. p. 334.) segments of corolla
lanceolate, with revolute edges, and fringed angles ; branches
numerous, divaricate, tetragonal ; peduncles very long. Tj . S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pedunculata, Mass.
stap. p. 17. t. 21. Haw. syn. p. 23. Allg. teutsch. gard. mag.
1811. p. 309. t. 30. Sims, bot. mag. t. 793. Jacq. stap. t 50-
51-52-53. Segments of corolla lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated
with pedicellate glands on the margins at the base. Branches
somewhat dentate, floriferous in the middle (ex Willd. spec. 1. p.
1284.). There are brownish-purple and yellowish-flowered va-
rieties of this species. Branches glaucous. Pedicels very long,
4-5 together. Corolla green outside.
Pedunculate Caruncularia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1 790. Sh.
2 C. ? serrula'ta; corolla strigose ; segments revolute on
the edges ; segments of outer corona oblong, truncate, serrated
at apex ; leaflets of the interior corona hooked and 2-lobed ;
outer lobe serrated ; pedicels twin. Tj . S. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Stapelia serrulata, Jacq. stap. t. 41. diar. lips.
1814. p. 269. Willd. enum. p. 286. Corolla brownish-yellow,
campanulate ; corona yellow.
6err«/a««/ Caruncularia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1805. Sh.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
XIII. PECTINA'RIA (from pectin, a comb ; in reference
to the inner corona of the flowers being ciliately multifid).
Haw. suppl. pi. succ. 14. Stapelia articulata, Mass.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Di;^ynia. All as in Stapelia ; but
the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted ;
and the outer corona of the corolla lacerately multifid. — A
small tufted plant, with the habit of Stapelia; joints of branches
oblong-terete, reticulately and obsoletely warted ; each wart
furnished with a small spine. Corolla beset with mucronate
papilla or warts above ; with triangular segments. Stapelia
mammillaris, Lin. probably belongs also to this genus, and is
perhaps only the same as P. articulata.
1 P. articula'ta (Haw. 1. c). h. S. Nativeof the Cape
of Good Hope, in the regions of Roggeweld. Stapelia articu-
lata, Mass. stap. p. 20. t. 30. Branches floriferous at the apex.
Flowers solitary. Corolla small, blackish purple. Tubercles
on the branches greenish purple. The plant is eaten with vine-
gar by the Dutch at the Cape, and raw by the Hottentots.
Jointed FecUnaria. Fl.July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
XIV. CARALLU'MA (the C. adscendens is called Car-
allum by the Telingas). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 25.
— Stapelia species, Roxb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate (f. 15. h.),
deeply 5-cleft (f. 15. h.). Column of fructification exserted.
Stamineous corona in a simple series, 10-leaved, 5 of the leaflets
are undivided, and opposite the anthers, the rest bipartite (f.
15. c), and ligulate. Anthers simple at top: pollen masses
erect, tetragonal (f. 15. </.), fixed by the base, pellucid on one
side on the margin. Stigma mutic. Follicles slender, smooth.
Seeds comose. — Habit almost of Stapelia. Inhabitants of the
East Indies. Stems tetragonal, toothed along the angles. Pe-
duncles solitary, 1 -flowered, rising from the axils of the teeth.
The crown in this genus, as in Ceroj^egia, consists of 5 3-lobed
ASCLEPIADE^. XIV. Caralluma. XV. Boucerosia. XVI. Hutchinia. XVII. Ehiopetalum.
123
leaves : the lateral lobes united by pairs into 5 liguJate forked
leaflets, alternating with the primary lobes and with the stamens.
I C. adsce'ndkns (R. Br. 1. c.) branches slender, ascending,
bearing each a solitary flower at top ; segments of corolla re-
flexed at the edges, acuminated, glabrous. H . S. Native of
Coroitiandel. Stapelia adscendens, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 82. t. 30.
Corollas size of those of I'criploca Grceca, yellowish ; seg-
ments tipped with violet. Stems rooting at the base. Flowers
variegated with purple and yellow, ex Roxb., usually drooping.
//scc«rfi«g- Caralluma. Fl. July. Clt. 1804. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
FIG. 15.
2 C. fimbria'ta (Wall. pi.
asiat. rar. 1. p. 7. t. 8.) branches
elongated, attenuated ; flowers
axillary, solitary, subcampanu-
late, drooping ; segments of co-
rolla flilcate at top (f. 15. c),
with replicate, fringed edges.
(7 . S. Native of the Burmese
empire, on sterile sandy hills at
Yenangeum, on the banks of the
Irrawaddy ; and among the ruins
of Pagamon. Stem branched
at top. Segments of corolla
naked in the lower part, marked
with many transverse purple
lines, pale yellow beneath ; up-
per part purple ; upper margin
straight and downy, fringed behind with articulated vacillating
hairs. Very closely allied to C. adscendens, but that species
differs from this in the absence of the long vacillating hairs to
the corolla. Stapelia subulata, Forsk. cat. arab. p. 108. no.
193. t. 7. is the same, or a very nearly allied species, (f. 15.)
Fringed Cara\\\xm3i. Clt. 182!l. Shrub ^ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
XV. BOUCERO'SIA (from jiovKeptoc, houkeros, furnished
w ith buffalos' horns ; in reference to the curved lobes of the
corona). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 34. Caralliima
species, Haw. and Wall. Stapelia species, RoNb.
Lix. SYST. Pentandria, Digi/nia. Corolla subcampanulate,
5-cleft ; segments broadly triangular, with acute recesses.
Column of fructification hardly exserted. Stamineous corona
15-lobed; lobes disposed in a double series; the 5 inner ones
opposite the stamens, and lying upon the anthers ; the rest ex-
terior, erect, or a little incurved at ajiex, adhering to the back
of the inner ones. Anthers simple at the apex ; pollen masses
erect, tetragonal, pellucid on the one side at the margin.
Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth, terete, attenuated at the apex.
Seeds comose.— Fleshy, leafless, erect plants, with the habit of
Slapilin. Branches and stems tetragonal ; with toothed angles.
Flowers numerous, terminal, umbellate. — In Caralluma the
lateral lobes of each leaflet of the corona are separated by
means of the middle or primary lobe, with the edge of which
they cohere at the base : in this genus, on the contrary, the
edges of the lateral lobes of each leaflet cohere, and their
line of junction is also attached along the middle of the back
of the primary lobe. In both genera the lateral lobes cohere
by the margins with the lateral ones of the adjoining leaflet ;
so that in Caralluma we have a corona of 10 narrow and 5
broad segments, attached to each other by the edges only, and
forming consequently a simple series, while, in Boucerosia the
5 broad segments are surrounded by the 10 narrow ones, and
a double corona is formed. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind.
bot. p. 34.
1 B. umbella'ta (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) segments of co-
rolla glabrous. fj . S, Native of the southern provinces of
the Indian peninsula, in arid places. Caralliima umbellata.
Haw. syn. p. 47. Wall. ascl. no. 20-21. Stapelia umbel-
lata, Roxb. cor, 3. t. 241. Stapelia Callamiilia, Haw. Flowers
purple.
L'TO6c//a/e-flowered Boucerosia. Fl. ? Clt. 1829. Sh. | ft.
2 B. crenula TA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) segments of co-
rolla fringed on the edges. 't . S. Native of the Burmese
empire, on sandy mountains, near the town of Segaen, on the
left bank of the Irrawaddy, opposite Ava. Caralluma crenu-
lata. Wall. pi. asiat. 1. p. 6. t. 7. Corollas pale greenish-white
below, yellow above, and ornamented with broadish transverse
stripes, which become narrower as they approach the base.
This is a smaller, more compact, and more glossy plant than
the preceding.
Crejiw/rt^cfZ Boucerosia. Clt. 1829. Shrub i foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
XVI. HUTCHI'NIA (named after Mr. Hutchin of Norwich,
a most successful cultivator and liberal distributor of succulent
plants). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 34,
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate,
5-cleft. Column of fructification hardly exserted. Stamineous
corona 20-lobed ; the 5 inner lobes lying on the anthers, the
next 5 outside of these alternating with them, each of these 5
furnished with 2 lateral lobes, which exceed the middle one.
Anthers simple at top. Pollen masses erect, pellucid on the
margin on one side. — A flesliy, leafless, erect plant ; branches
tetragonal : with toothed angles. Flowers numerous, terminal,
subumbellate. Corolla pilose inside.
1 H. I'ndica (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 35.).
tj . S. Native of the peninsida of India, in arid places. Wight,
cat. no. 1520. Teeth of branches reflexed. Flowers pale,
greenish white outwardly, but tinged with purple, and covered
with purplish hairs within. Follicles not seen.
Indian Hutchinia. Shrub \ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117.
XVII. ERIOPE'TALUM (from eptoy, erion, wool, and
■jrtToXov, petalon, a petal ; segments of corolla usually densely
villous inside). Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 35.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate,
5-cleft ; segments narrow, linear : with broad recesses. Sta-
mineous corona 15-lobed; the 5 inner lobes lying upon the
anthers; the 10 exterior ones erect, approximate, adhering to
the inner series. Anthers simple at apex ; pollen masses fixed
nigh the base, erect, lying upon the stigma, pellucid on the
margin on one side. Follicles slender, glabrous. — Erect,
rather branched herbs. Stems terete. Leaves minute, scale -
formed, adpressed. Flowers small, umbellate ; umbels lateral
or terminal, sessile. Segments of corolla longer than the tube,
usually clothed with dense villi or wool inside, hence the generic
name. This genus agrees in habit with Microstemma, but differs
in the form of the corona ; on the other hand it resembles
Boucerosia in the corona, but has a widely different habit.
1 E. PARViFLORUM (Wight, 1. c.) Segments of corolla hardly
longer than the tube, woolly ; corona exceeding the gynostt-
gium or column of fructification. % . S. Native of Doongie,
Royle.
Small-Jlomered Eriopetalum. PI. erect.
2 E. attenua'tum (Wight, 1. c.) segments of corolla slender,
attenuated, villous, twice or thrice longer than the tube ; corona
shorter than the gynostegium. 1/ . S. Native of Doongie,
Royle.
Altenuated-Tpera&eA Eriopetalum. PI. erect.
3 E. l.eviga'tum (Wight, 1. c.) segments of corolla linear,
with undulated margins, nearly glabrous, almost twice as long
as the tube; corona equal in length to the gynostegium. % . S.
124 ASCLEPIADE^. XVIII. Microstemma. XIX. Leptadenia. XX. Orthanthera. XXI. Brachtstelma.
Native in the woods of Cossala and Gorukpur. Gomphocar-
pus Icevigata, Ham. Microstemma, Wall. ascl. no. 23.
Smooth Eriopetahim. PI. erect.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Slapelia, p. 1J7.
XVIII. MICROSTE'MMA (from )u</cpoc, micros, small, and
arefifia, slemma, a crown ; in reference to the smallness of the
stamineous corona). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 25.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Column of fructification exserted. Stamineous corona undi-
vided, fleshy, 5-lobed ; lobes alternating with the anthers ;
anthers simple at the apex ; pollen masses inserted by the middle,
lying upon the stigma. Stigma mutic. Follicles slender,
smooth. Seeds comose. — Glabrous erect herbs, natives of New
Holland, with tuberous roots. Stems simple at bottom, with
minute leaves ; branched at top, with linear, opposite leaves.
Umbels lateral and terminal, almost sessile. Corollas blackish
purple, bearded inside.
1 M. TUBEROSUM (R. Br. prod. p. 459.). Fj . S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Tuberous-xooieA Microstemma. PI. 1 foot. 1
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112.
XIX. LEPTADE'NIA (from XfTrroE, leptos, slender; and
aBr)y, aden, a gland ; in reference to the slender pollen masses.
R. Br. in wern. soc. 1. p. 34.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, with a
short tube, furnished with 5 scales, one between each segment ;
limb bearded, valvate in aestivation. Column or gynostegium
nearly globose. Stamineous corona none. Anthers free, simple
at apex ; pollen masses erect, fixed by tiie base, coarctate and
pellucid at top. Stigma mutic, rarely apiculated. Follicles
smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining shrubs, usually greyish from
powdery tomentum. Leaves flat, opposite. Umbels inter-
petiolar, sometimes cymose. Corpuscles of stigma minute.
Mr. R. Brown has examined three species of this genus, none
of which are yet described, one of them collected by Forskal.
1 L. Forskce'lii ; flowers umbellate. If.. ^. S. Native of
Arabia Felix.
ForskoeVs Leptadenia. PI. tw.
2 L. cymosa ; flowers cymose. %. ^. S. Native of the
East Indies,
Cymose-Rowered Leptadenia. PI. tw.
3 L. reticula'ta (Wight, and Arnott, contr. ind. bot. p. 47.)
twining ; bark of the older branches corky, glabrous ; young
branches clothed with cinereous down, and sometimes with
tomentum ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute, usually smoothish,
and sometimes clothed with short white down ; umbels lateral,
many-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ; segments
of corolla with revolute edges, bearded inside ; scales of throat
simple, short ; stigma mutic ; follicle sub-cylindrically oblong,
obtuse, often solitary by abortion.
f^ar. a; leaves clothtd with short, mealy down, but at length,
almost glabrous ; peduncles about equal in length to the pe-
tioles, and the pedicels about equal in length to the peduncles,
l^ . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, very abundant about
Negapatam, on the sea coast, where it grows to a great size.
Wight, cat. no. 1535. Cynanchum reticulatum, Retz. obs. 2.
p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1258. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p.
107. Cynanchum asthmaticum. Herb. Ham. no. 766. Ascle-
pias tuberosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 38. Mus. ind. or. t. 614.
Asclepias voliibilis. Herb. Madr. Ham. Wall. ascl. no. 7, ex-
clusive of Secamone canescens. Smith, in Rees' cycl.
yar. ji ; branchlets tomentose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ;
peduncles very short. Ij . '^. S. Native of the Peninsula of
India, in the southern provinces. Leptadenia brevipes, Wight,
cat. no. 1536.
Var. y ; leaves broad-obtuse, retuse at the base, rather vel-
vety beneath. I^ . '^. S. Native of Ava, near Pegu. Gym-
nema aurantiaca, Wall. ascl. no. 147.
Reticulated Leptadenia. Shrub tw.
4 L. imbe'rbis (Wight, 1. c. p. 48.) twining, glabrous ; leaves
broadly ovate or cordate, acuminated ; umbels lateral, many-
flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ; segments of
corolla revolute on the edges, beardless ; scales of throat
simple ; stigma apiculated. 1? • ^. S. Native of the East
Indies, at Meerut and Suroy. Wall. ascl. no. 77. e, unnamed.
The only certain character which distinguishes this from the
varieties of the last, are the beardless segments of the corolla.
Beardless Leptadenia. Shrub tw.
5 L. spa'rtium (Wight. 1. c.) suffruticose, glabrous ; stems
slender, much branched ; leaves narrow-linear, tapering at the
apex ; umbels almost sessile ; segments of corolla beardless
inside, with revolute margins ; scales of throat broad, exserted ;
stigma mutic. 1; . '"'. S. Native of the East Indies, on the banks
of the river Yavanna, Hamilton : Himalaiah, Royle : Simla,
Countess of Dalhousie. Gymnema spartium. Wall. ascl. no.
76. Cannychum angustifolium. Ham. herb.
Broom-like Leptadenia. Shrub tw.
6 L. ? ellIpiica (Blum, bijdr. p. 1066.) leaves oval, acutish,
hardly emarglnate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, veinless
above, paler beneath, and full of fine parallel veins ; cymes
panicled, interpetiolar, clothed with rust-coloured scurf. Jj . '^.
S. Native of Java and Nusse Kambanga, in woods. Flowers
small, sweet-scented. Stamineous crown small, 5-angled, girded
at the base by a fleshy, 5-lobed urceolus. Follicles smooth or
lepidoted. Seeds comose. This plant differs, in having a sta-
mineous crown, from the other species of Leptadenia.
EllijHic-leaved Leptadenia. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112.
XX. ORTHANTHFRA (from opSoc, orthos, erect; and
av^flpa, anthera, an anther ; anthers erect.) Wight, contrib.
ind. bot. p. 48.
Lin. svst. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla urceolate, 5-cleft ;
throat naked ; tube rather ventricose ; aestivation valvate.
Staminal corona none; Anthers simple at top, erect, acute ;
pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, coarctate and pellucid
at apex. Stigma apiculate. — A leafless shrub. Umbels on short
peduncles, few-flowered. Calyx 5-parted ; segments subulate
at top. Corolla villous outside, glabrous inside, twice as long as
the gynostegium. Filaments furnished with a gland, or fleshy
leaflet, at the base of each, as in Gymnodenia. Anthers free, lying
upon the stigma, which is apiculated. Follicles unknown. — This
genus is perhaps closely allied to Leptadenia, from which it only
differs, by the urceolate corolla, the absence of scales to the
orifice of the tube, and erect anthers. The habit is also dif-
ferent.
1 O. viMiNEA (Wight, 1. c.) Vj . S. Native of Hindostan, at
Doab. Apocineaj viminea. Wall. cat. no. 7478.
Twiggy Orthanthera. Shrub.
Cult. See Ceropegia, p. 112, for culture and propagation.
XXI. BRACHYSTE'LMA (from /Bpox^e, brachys, short;
and ariK^a, stelma, a crown; corona short.) R. Br. in bot.
mag. 2343. bot. reg. 722.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulate (f.
16. 6.), having the sinuses angular. Column or gynostegium
inclosed. Corona simple, 5-cleft ; lobes opposite the anthers,
simple on the back. Anthers naked at top. Pollen masses
ASCLEPIADE.E. XXII. Fischeria. XXIII. Hoya.
125
Leaves
FIG. IC.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821.
erect, fixed by tlie base. — Suftruticose, twining plants
opposite, membranous. Root a roundish tuber.
1 B. TUBEROSUM (R. Br. 1. c)
leaves membranous, linear-lan-
ceolate, concave ; flowers ag-
gregate, 3-4 in each fascicle ;
lobes of corona connivent ; seg-
ments of corolla fringed at the
base. TJ.. ^. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Sta-
pelia tuberosa, Meerb. icon. t.
54. f. 1. Calyx and pedicels
beset with glandular down. Co-
rolla greenisii outside, dotted
wich red ; but blackish purple
inside, with a deep yellow cen-
tre, and broken cross lines ;
tube campanulate. Lobes of
corona triangular. Flowers fe-
tid (f. 16.). Root a roundish
tuber (f. 16. c.)
Tiiberose-Tooted Brachystelma.
PI. tw.
~ B. spATULATUM (Lindl. bot. reg. 1113.) pilose ; leaves spa-
tulate, obtuse ; segments of corolla twice as long as the tube ;
flowers solitary, pedicellate, one half shorter than the leaves.
i;. ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla dirty
purple, dotted ; having the segments tailed, tomentose outside.
.S)jfl<«/a<e-leaved Brachystelma. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112.
XXII. FISCHE^RIA (named after F. E. L. Fischer, M.D.
Director of the Botanic Garden at St. Petersburgh.) D. C.
cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 112.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, D'lgynia. Corolla rotate; segments
undulately curled. Stamineous corona fleshy, truncate, but not
otherwise lobed, girded at tiie base by a nectariferous ring.
Anthers simple at the apex, hooked, replicate inside ; pollen
masses inserted by the middle of the side, lying upon the stigma.
Stigma pentagonal. Follicles two. — A climbing, evergreen
shrub. Branches long, terete. Leaves opposite, cordate at the
base, oval-oblong, acute, petiolate. Peduncles interpetiolar,
bearing simple umbels of pedicellate flowers. This appears
to be intermediate between MlcroslemvmnnA Hoya; but it differs
from them, and all the other allied genera, in the corona being
entire.
1 F. sca'ndens (D. C. 1. c. t. 67. ined.) t; . ^. S. Native,
probably of South America. Branches downy. Flowers yel-
lowish green. Very like Cynanchum crispiflorum, Swartz ;
but differs from it, in the calycine segments being shorter,
spreading, not reflexed ; in the corolla being rotate, not with a
pentagonal tube ; and particularly in the corona and genitals.
Climbing Fischeria. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub tw.
Cult. See Hoya, p. 128., for culture and propagation.
Sub-tribe II.
HOYACEjE. Pollen masses erect or connivent, lying upon
the stigma, fixed by the base, or beneath the middle of the side.
Anthers terminated by a membrane.
§ 1. Tube of stamens appendiculate outside.
XXIII. HO^YA (named in honour of Mr. Thomas Hoy, late
gardener to the Duke of Northumberland, at Sion House ;
whose merits, as an intelligent and successful cultivator of
plants, have been long known to the botanists of this country.)
R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 26. — Asclepias species of Lin.
LiN. sYsr. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Stamineous corona 5- leaved ; leaflets depressed, spreading,
fleshy, drawn each out into a tooth on the inner side, which lies
on the anthers. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses fixed by the base, connivent, compressed. Stigma de-
pressed, mutic or snb-apiculated. Follicles smooth. Seeds
comose. — Twining, scandent, or decumbent shrubs, natives of
the East Indies, China, and New Holland. Leaves opposite,
fleshy, or membranous. Umbels many-flowered, interpetiolar.
§ 1. Twining, scandent, or decumbent shrubs, usually radicant.
Leaves fleshy. Leaflets of corona furrowed beneath. Hoya
verce.
* Leaflets of corona flaltish, broadly obovate, or nearly orbicular.
1 H. VELUTiNA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 35.) twining;
leaves oval, short-acuminated, with revolute margins, glabrous
above, and velvety beneath ; corolla downy outside, and glabrous
inside ; segments broad, with revolute edges ; leaflets of corona
nearly orbicular, depressed, shining above : with the obtuse
inner angles lying upon the umbilicate stigma. Ij . '^. S. Native
of the East Indies. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 39. — Rumph. amb.
5. t. 172.? but Roxb. refers his Ascl. Susswela to this.
Velvety Hoya. Shrub tw.
2 H. orbicula'ta (Wall. ascl. no. 32. Wight and Arnott, 1. c.)
twining; leaves fleshy, orbicular, glabrous; peduncles many-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla downy inside : with
acuminated segments ; leaflets of corona obovate, or nearly orbi-
cular, depressed, with the inner angles obtuse ; stigma apiculated.
y} . '^. S. Native of Ava, at Prome. Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175.
f. 28. Leaves generally 4 at each joint of the stem.
Or6?ctt/a;-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw.
3 H. pe'ndula (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 36.)
twining ; leaves fleshy, glabrous, from oblong-oval acute to
brond ovate, acuminated, with revolute edges ; peduncles pen-
dulous, a little longer than the petioles, many-flowered; corolla
downy inside ; leaflets of corona oboval, very blunt, depressed,
having the inner angles short and truncate at the apex ; stigma
apiculated. Tj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies.
Far. a, Rheedii (Wight, and Arnott, I. c) leaves oblong-oval,
acute. Pj . ^. S. Native of Malabar and the Circars. Ascle-
pias pendula, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 3Q. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 13.
J ar. ft, N eelgherense (Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) leaves ovate,
acuminated. fj . '^. S. Native of Neelgherries. Wight, cat.
no. 1521. H. revoliita, Wight. Hoya, Wall. ascl. nos. 27. and
no 41.
Pendulous-umhcWedL Hoya. Shrub tw.
4 H. LONGiFOLiA (Wall. ascl. no. 40. Wight, and Arnott, I. c.)
twining, radicant: leaves fleshy, narrow-lanceolate, acuminated,
attenuated at the base ; corolla downy inside, with ciliated mar-
gins ; leaflets of corona broad-obovate, obtuse, having the inner
angles lying on the stigma. i; . ""*. S. Native of the
Himalaiah, at Mussooree, Royle, Nepaul, and Singapore. Hoya,
Wall. ascl. no. 44.? Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 6-12 lines
broad.
Long-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw.
5 H. LiNEA^Ris (Wall, ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 130.
Wall. ascl. no. 34. Wight, and Arnott, I. c.) twining, pilose ;
stems slender, radicant, leafy ; leaves flesliy, narrow-linear,
acutish ; corolla rather downy inside, with ciliated edges ; seg-
ments obtuse ; leaflets of corona nearly orbicular, having the
mner angles lying upon the stigma, ^ . ^. S. Native of Nipaul.
Plant 3 times smaller than H. lanceoldla.
Linear-leaveti Hoya. Shrub tw.
126
ASCLEPIADEiE. XXIII. Hoya.
G H. TARViFLbRA (Wight, coiitrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining,
glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves fleshy, lanceolate, tapering
at both ends ; peduncles slender, about equal in length to the
leaves, iiiany-flouered ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of corona
broad obovate, emarginate, or obcordate, with the inner angles
acuminated, and lying upon the stigma, which is apiculated. ^ .
'^. S. Native of the Burman Empire, at Maulmeyne. Hoya,
Wall. ascl. no. 33.
Small-flowered Hoya. Shrub tw.
* * Leaflets of corona flattish above, ovate or lanceolate.
7 H. Fu'scA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 78. t. 175.) twining,
glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, hardly fleshy, linear-oblong, acu-
minated, transversely veined ; peduncles short, many-flowered ;
corolla glabrous, with obtuse segments ; leaflets of corona ovate,
obtuse : with the inner angles erect and attenuated, lying upon
the stigma, which is apiculated. f^ .'^. S. Native of Nipaul
and Silhet. The flowers are rather small, brownish coloured,
and very numerous. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 1 or 1|^
l)road.
^rown-flowered Hoya. Shrub tw.
8 H. Hookeria'na (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining,
glabrous ; leaves fleshy, oblong- lanceolate, 3-nerved ; pedim-
cles short, many-flowered ; corollas small, glabrous, with obtuse
segments ; leaflets of corona ovate, acute, with the inner angles
short ; stigma obtuse. ^ . ^. S. Native of Chittagong and
Silhet. H. Nicolidrica, R. Br. mss. is this or a very similar
species. Leaves 6-10 inches long, and 1 or 1| broad.
Hooker's Hoya. Shrub tw.
9 H. Nicoba'rica (R. Br. herb, ex Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p.
29.) unibtls globose ; flowers very numerous ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate. T? . '^. S. Native of the Nicobar Islands.
Nicobar Hoya. Shrub tw.
10 H. PARASITICA (Wall. ascl. no. 29. Wight, and Arnott, 1.
c.) plant parasitical, climbing, radicant, glabrous ; branches
slender, terete ; leaves fleshy, glabrous, shining, finely 3-nerved
at the base, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated ; peduncles almost
twice as short as the leaves, many-flowered, sometimes twin ;
umbels sub-globose ; corolla glabrous, deeply 5-cleft ; leaflets
of corona ovate, acuie, with the inner angles lying upon the
stigma. Tj . ^. S. Native in the woods of Sundabund, at the
estuary of the Ganges. Asdepias parasitica, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 42. and mus. ind. orient, t. 1382. H. pallida, Lindl. bot.
reg. t. 951. H. acilta. Haw. rev. p. 4. H. lanceolvlta, Lindl.
in Donn. hort. cantab. ed. 11. p 92. H. albens, Mill, brist.
cat. 182(). Flowers fragrant, yellow; corona paler than the
rest of the flower, purple in the centre. Leaves paler beneath,
and darker above.
Parasitical Hoya. Shrub tw.
11 H. trine'rvis (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 26.) stems slen-
der, filiform ; leaves variable in size, oblong, sharply acumi-
nated, pale green beneath, and mottled with small brown spots,
light yellowish green above, with 3 prominent veins: um-
bels globose; segments of corolla sharp-pointed; the sides
and ends of which are reflexed. Ij . '^. S. Native of China.
Lodd. bot. cab. 936. Corollas pale greenish yellow, slightly
scented, frequently mottled beneath with red. Corona of a^pale
greenish white, with a yellowish tinge in the centre.
Three-nerved-\ea\ei\ Hoya. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824.
Shrub tw.
12 H. ovALiFOLiA (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p.
37.) twining, radicant, glabrous ; leaves fleshy, oval, acuminated
at both ends ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ;
corolla downy inside; segments ovale, acute ; leaflets of coron.a
oval, obtuse, with the inner angles short; stigma mutic. T; . '^.
S. Native of the Neelghery mountains, and Singapore. Hoya,
Wight, cat. no. 1522. Wall. ascl. no. 31, 43,? and 45. ^hia
is very nearly allied to H. parasitica.
Oral-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw.
13 H. Arnottia'na (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining,
glabrous, radicant ; leaves fleshy, broad-ovate, acuminated; co-
rolla downy inside : with orbicular, cuspidate segments ; leaflets
of corona oval, somewhat acuminated, with the inner angles
short; stigma mutic. Tj . ^. S. Native of Nipaul. Hoya,
Wall. ascl. no. 35.
Arnott's Hoya. Shrub twining.
14 H. gymnanthe'ra (Wight, 1. c.) leafless; epidermis of
stem smooth and shining ; umbels many-flowered, on short pe-
duncles ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona ovate ; tops of anthers
membranous, pellucid, very narrow, hardly touching the pollen
masses. Tj , '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Wall. ascL no.
145, without a name.
Naked-anthered Hoya. Shrub tw.
* * * Leaflets of corona convex above, oval, or ovate, with
revolute edges.
15 H. Brunonia'na (Wight, 1. c.^ twining, glabrous ; branches
obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves fleshy, oval-oblong, acuminated ;
corolla rather fleshy, glabrous outside, bearded inside ; leaflets
of corona oval, acute, convex above, with revolute edges. 1; .
'^. S. Native of the East Indies. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 37.
Brown's Hoya. Shrub twining.
16 H. carnosa (R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 27.) twining,
glabrous ; stems and branches terete ; leaves fleshy, oval-oblong,
acuminated ; umbels pendulous, on short peduncles ; pedicels
pilosely pubescent ; corolla fleshy, glabrous outside, but bearded
inside; leaflets of corona ovate, acute, drawn out at top, convex
above, with revolute edges ; membranes of anthers rather large,
hiding the stigiua, which is bluntly apiculated ; pollen masses
pellucidly marginateonone side. 1? ■ '^. S. Native of China, about
Canton, as well as the tropical part of Asia. Asclepias carnosa,
Lin. suppl. 1. p. 170. Sims, bot. mag. 788. Smith, exot. bot.
2. p. 21. t. 70. Stapelia Chinensis, Lour. coch. p. 165. Schollia,
crassifolia, Jacq. eclog. no. 2. Schollia carnosa, Sclirank. ex
Steudel, nom. Flowers white, or pinkish, waxy as in the other
species of the genus, and are much admired.
F/ev/(2/, or Common Hoya. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1802. Sh. tw.
17 H. PoTsii (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 25. t. 1.) stems
slender, greenish brown, unequally covered with warts ; leaves
cordate, acuminated, with a rusty stain partly spread o\ex them,
pale whitish beneath, light yellowish green above, with 3 princi-
pal veins; mubels globose. Ij . '^. S. Native about Macao.
Flowers p.ile yellow, slightly downy, smelling like Heliotropium.
Corona slightly puri)le in the centre.
Pots s Hoya. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw.
18 H. austra'lis (R. Br. mss. ex hort. trans. 7. p. 27.)
leaves from elliptic to obovate ; corollas bearded ; leaflets of
corona furrowed beneath. Ij . '^. S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic. Hoya carnosa, R. Br. prod. p. 460. Flowers
white, or pinkish.
Southern Hoya. Clt. 1820, Shrub twining.
19 H. crassifolia (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 8. exclusive of
the synon.) leaves petiolate, obovate, obsoletely spotted, bluntly
acuminated, very thick. I; . '^. S. Native of the East Indies.
Leaves 4 inches long, dark green above, and pale beneath. Very
like H. carnosa, but the leaves are thicker, more obsoletely
spoiled. Branches warted, producing roots from the warts.
Flowers unknown.
Thick-leaved Hoya.. Fl. ? Clt. 1817. Shrub tw.
20 H. lanceola'ta (Wall, ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 130.
Wall. ascl. no. 36.) twining, glabrous; stems slender, leafy;
leaves fleshy, lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; peduncles
ASCLEPIADE.E. XXIII. Hoya.
127
few-flo«eve(l, sliorter than the leaves ; corolla downy inside : with
obtuse segments; leaflets of corona convex above, .vith recurved
edges : liaving the inner angles elongated, obtuse, and erect,
exceeding the apiculated stigma. Tj . '"'. S. Native of Nipaul
and Silhet. Nearly allied to H. carnosa, but very much smaller.
La«ceo/a/e-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw.
* * * * Leaflets of corona elongated, triangular.
21 H. LATiFOLiA : twining; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated,
obtuse or sub-cordate at the base, 3-nerved, fleshy, glabrous ;
peduncles many-flowered; segments of corolla obtuse, cuspidate ;
leaflets of corona nearly equal in length to the corolla, coriaceous :
having the inner angles erect, terete, obtuse ; follicles subulate,
slender. T; . '^. S. Native of Penang. H. macrophylla, Wight,
contrib. ind. bot. p. 38. — Wall. ascl. no. 138. unnamed. This is a
magnificent plant ; but the specimens from which the character
is drawn up was so much mutilated, as to be impossilile to say
with certainty that it belongs to the genus. Leaves 7-10 inches
long, and 4-10 broad.
Bruad-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining.
***** Corolla 5-parted, flat or reflexed. Segments of
corona quite entire on the inner angles. Perhaps species of
Tylophora.
22 H. macrophy'lla (Blum.bijdr. p. 1063.) leaves 3-nerved,
ovate or oval-oblong, acuminated, fleshy ; corolla silky inside.
b . '~'. S. Native of Java, in calcareous soil, about Kuripan,
and at the bottom of Mounts Gede and Salak, where it is called
Aroy Kilampahan, and Aroy Kikandcl lalakkie. It differs from
H. carnosa, in the leaves being nerved, larger, acuminated ; and
in the flowers being smaller.
Large-leaved Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
23 H. coria'cea (Blum, bijdr. 1063.) leaves almost veinless,
oval, acute or acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; corolla silky
inside. ^ . '^. S. Native of Java, among bushes, at the foot
of Mount Salak.
C'or(«ceo!«-leaved Hoya. Fl. Oct. Shrub tw.
24 H. CORONA RiA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1063.) leaves veinless,
oval, acute, "ith recurved edges, coriaceous, villous beneath ;
corollas glabrous, ^i . "^.S. Native of Java, on the mountains
and banks about Rompien, where it is called Aroy Kilampahan.
Corona Ariadna, Rumph. amb. 5. t. 172.
Garland Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
25 H. LAcuNOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1063.)leaves veinless, ovate,
acuminated, glabrous, lacunose above, and convex beneath ;
corolla revolute, velvety-villous inside ; leaflets of corona with-
out furrows beneath. 1; . ^. S. Native of Java, about Buiten-
zorg, on trees.
LacunoseAeayeA Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
26 H. DivERsiFOLiA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1 0G4.) leaves veinless, oval,
acutish, or orbicular, fleshy, glabrous ; corollas silky inside. \^ .
^. S. Native of Java, in calcareous soil, about Kuripan and
Batavia.
Divers-leaved Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
****** Corolla 5-cleft, reflcxed. Stamineous corona tubular
at the base ; leaflets of corona quite entire, having both the in-
terior and exterior angles drawn out a considerable length.
27 H. MULTiFLoRA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1064.) stem shrubby,
climbing ; leaves rather coriaceous, veiny, cuneate-oblong, or
oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, paler beneath ; corolla bearded at
the base. fj . '^. S. Native of Java, on the west side, on the
mountains, among bushes, where it is called Tjunkankan.
Many-flowered Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
******* Corolla campanulate, ayigular, rvith 5 plaits ;
leaflets of corona quite entire, with the inner angles ascending.
28 H. campanula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1061.) stem shrubby.
climbing ; leaves coriaceous, almost veinless, oblong, acumi-
nated, glabrous ; corolla campanulate, glabrous. V^ . '^. S.
Native of Java, with the preceding.
Campanulate-Rowered Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
******** Corolla 5-parted, flat, or reflexed. Leaflets of
corona eniarginate on the outer angles. Acanthostimnia. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1065.
29 H. Ru'mpiiii (Blum, bijdr. p. 1065.) leaves veinless, ob-
long-lanceolate, acuminated, fleshy, glabrous, flat, and paler be-
neath ; corolla rather silky inside. ^ . '^. S. Native of Java,
and the Moluccas, on the mountains. — Ruinph. amb. 5. t. 175.
f. 1.
far. />, longifolia (Blum. 1. c.) leaves long-acuminated, with
recurved edges ; corolla glabrous. Tj . '^. S. Native of Java,
near Tuju, on the mountains of Megamendung.
Rumphius's Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
30 H. pu BERA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1065.) leaves small, veinless,
oval-oblong, acute, fleshy, downy ; corolla hairy inside. H . '^.
S. Native of the Island of Nusse-Kambanga, on trees by the
sea-side.
Downy Hoya. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub tw.
"I" The flowers of the following three species are unknown ;
but, nevertheless, it is pirobable they belong to the section Hoyce
verce.
31 H. Finlaysonia'na (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous ;
branches terete : leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated,
reticulated above in the dried state, veinless beneath, on short
petioles. Ij . '"'. S. Native, probably, of Penang. Hoya,
Wall. ascl. no 42. Leaves 5-7 inches long, and 1-2 broad.
Finlayson's Hoya. Shrub twining.
32 H. OBTUsiFOLiA (Wight. 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; leaves
fleshy, oval-oblong, obtuse at both ends, cuspidate, shining
above, transversely and obscurely veined beneath, in the
dried state ; peduncles almost one-half shorter than the leaves,
many-flowered. fj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. H6\a,
Wall. ascl. no. 38. From the variation of the leaves, this species
would appear to rank near H. fusca.
Obtuse-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw.
33 H. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 29.) leaves
narrow-lanceolate, [7 . '^. S. Native of China.
Narrow-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining.
§ 2. Leaves membranous. Leaflets of corona without any
furrow beneath,
34 H. VIRIDIFLORA (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 26.)
twining; leaves ovate, or cordate, acuminated, membranous,
glabrous; corolla glabrous : with ovate, acutish segments ; leaflets
of corona flat above, oboval, very blunt, with the inner angles
short and obtuse; follicles thick, divaricate, obtuse, clothed
with rusty mealiness. H . '^. S. Native on the coast of Coro-
mandel, frequent ; and at Morang and Gongachora, and .Silhet.
Wall. ascl. no. 24, exclusive of f. 26. and 60 c. Wight, in
Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 98. suppl. t. 1. Asclepias voliibilis, Lin.
suppl. 170. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 36. Asclepias viridiflora,
Roxb. in. mus. or. t. 611. Apocynum tilicefolium. Lam. diet.
1. p. 214. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 15. Flowers green.
J'ar. a, alphia (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 39.)
flowers larger ; seginents of corolla obtuse. ^ . '^. S. Wight,
cat. no. 1523. b. Wall. ascl. no. 25. Native of the Neel-
gherries.
Green-flowered Hoya. FL? Clt. ? Shrub tw.
35 H. Lacu NA (Ham. herb, ex Wight, and Arnott, contrib.
ind. bot. p. J9.) twining ; leaves between coriaceous and mem-
branous, cordate or ovate, acuminated, downy above, and velvety
beneath ; segments of corolla obtuse ; leaflets of corona with
128 ASCLEPIADE/E. XXIII. Hoya. XXIV. Pterostelma. XXV. Physostelma. XXVI. Tylophora.
short, subulate, erect, inner angles. V; . '^. S. Native of the
East Indies, at Korma, Hamilton, and at Segaen, Wall. Ham.
herb. no. 770. Wall. ascl. no. 24, f. 146, and 156, without a
name. Lakun of the Hindoos.
Lakun Hoya. Shrub tw.
•j- f Species described by Fall I, under the generic name of
Sperlingia ,nhich name ought to take precedence of Hoya, being
the oldest, which n<e have still retained, on account of that
name being generally received. Both species are probably
identical with two of those described above.
36 H. verticilla'ta ; climbing, rooting ; stems terete, gla-
brous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolate, oblong, acuminated, acute,
fleshy, glabrous, veinless ; umbels pedunculate, copious ; pedi-
cels compressed, filiform ; segments of corolla triangular, acute
at both ends, retusely sub-bicornute outside, on the outer margin :
with inflexed, conduplicate edges ; corona a simple star, covering
the genitals, having the lobes equal in length to the segments
of the corolla, complicate, lanceolate, with an elevated line in
the middle, and a corresponding furrow on the opposite side,
yellowisli, shining; follicles 6-8 inches long, glabrous. h-^-
S. Native of the East Indies. Sperlingia verticillata, Vahl, in
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 113.
fVhorlcd-\e3.vei Hoya. Slirub twining.
37 H. opposiTA ; leaves opposite. Tj . '^, S. Native of the
East Indies. Sperlingia opposita, Vahl, 1. c. p. 114. Nummu-
laria lactea major, Runiph. amb. 5. p. 470. t. 175. f. 1. Very
like H. verticillata ; but differs, in the opposite leaves, the nar-
rower petioles, which are convex beneath, and concave above ;
while, in that species, they are flattened and depressed, almost an
inch long, succulent, and articulated at the base.
Oppositc-]ea\ed Hoya. Shrub twining.
Cult. The species of Hoya all hear handsome waxy blossoms,
disposed in simple umbels. They grow freely in a mixture of
loam, peat, and sand, and are otherwise easily managed. They
are readily propagated by cuttings, in a moist heat.
XXIV. PTEROSTE'LMA (from nnpof, pteron, a wing;
and (TTcXpa, stelma, a crown ; leaflets of corona membranous.)
Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 39.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets membranous, with re-
flexed sides ; having the inner angles drawn out into subulate,
erect teeth. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses
erect, fixed by the base to the back of the corpuscles. Stigma
apiculated. — A twining ? or decumbent shrub. Leaves oppo-
site, oblong, acuminated, fleshy. Flowers rather large. Co-
rolla deeply 5-cleft ; with linear-lanceolate segments, and a
pilose tube. Margins of the leaflets of the corona conniving,
as the wings of butterflies are when sitting. This genus is
nearly allied to Hoya, both in habit, and in the structure of the
flowers, differing principally, in having foliaceous instead of
fleshy leaflets of corona, and in the dorsal not lateral attachment
of the pollen masses.
1 P. acumina'ta (Wight, 1. c.) tj . ^. S. Native of Silhet.
— Widl. ascl. no. 129, witliout a name.
^cuminatcd-\ea.ved Pterostelma. Shrub ?
Cult. See Hoya, above, for culture and propagation.
XXV. PHYSOSTELMA (from (pvan, physa, a bladder ; and
oTfX/ua, stelma, a crown ; leaflets of corona inflated.) Wight,
contrib. ind. bot. p. 39.
Lin. svst. Pentandria, Dygynia- Corolla rotate, spreading,
repandly, 5 -toothed. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets in-
flated, opposite the anthers. Anthers terminated by a mem-
brane. Filaments bipartite from the base to the apex, each
alternate part bearing an anther, close together, alternating with
ihe leaflets of the corona. Pollen masses fixed by the base,
erect, nearly cylindrical. Stigma depressed. — A twining shrub.
Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, fleshy.
Umbels lateral, on longish peduncles, few-flowered. Flowers
large. This curious genus is allied to Hoya in habit ; but is at
once distinguished from it, and every other, by the remarkable
division of the filaments ; there being 10 filaments and 5 anthers.
1 P. Wallichii (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.) Pj . '^. S.
Native of Singapore. Wall. ascl. no. 130, without a name.
WalUch's Physostelma. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hoya, above.
XXVI. TYLO'PHORA {rvXoi, tylos, a swelling, and
(jiopeio, phorco, bear; in reference to the ventricose pollen masses).
R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 28. prod. p. 460. — Hoya species,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843.
LiN. SYST. Pcntdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted.
Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets simple, fleshy : having the
inner angles simple and toothless. Anthers terminated by a
membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, with simple
margins, transverse or ascending, minute, ventricose. Stigma
mutic. Follicles smooth, attenuated at the apex, compressed,
rather angular on one side. Seeds comose.— Twining herbs or
subshrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, flat. Umbels inter-
petiolar, or disposed alternately along a common peduncle.
Flowers usually small.
The extreme minuteness of the pollen masses renders it diffi-
cult to determine tlie situation this genus ought to occupy in
the order. The form of the gynostegium and the leaves of the
corona readily distinguish it from every other genus except
Iphisia, but which differs in the pendulous pollen masses. As
now defined, this genus is quite distinct from Hoya, to which
Mr. R. Brown considered it so closely allied. Arnott. and
Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 50.
§ 1. Leaflets of stamineous corona depressed, fleshy, toothless
inside, shorter than the gynostegium. — Species natives of New
Holland.
1 T. grandiflora (R. Br. prod. p. 4G0.) umbels nearly ses-
sile, simple, few-flowered ; pedicels glabrous ; leaves cordate-
ovate, acute, and are, as well as the branches, downy. Tj . '^. S.
Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Hoya gran-
diflora, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843.
Great-Jlowered'Ty\o\>hora. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 18.'22. Sh. tw.
2 T. barba'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels usually twin ; common
peduncles shorter than the leaves ; corolla bearded ; leaves ovate,
acute, quite glabrous. I; . '^. S. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson. Hoya barbata, Spreng. syst. I. p. 843.
Bearded Ty\oY>hora. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw.
3 T. FLEXuosA (R. Br, 1. c.) umbels alternate, sessile; com-
mon peduncles flexuous ; leaves cordate-oblong, veiny ; corolla
beardless. f? • ^- F- Native of New Holland, within the
tropic. Hoya flexuosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843.
Flexuous Tylophora. Shrub tw.
4 T. VELUTiNA ; stem twining ; leaves cordate-ovate, acu-
minated, tomentose ; flowers cymose ; throat of corolla naked.
>j . '^. S. Native of New Holland. Pergularia velutina,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844.
I'elvety Tylophora. Shrub tw.
5 T. panicula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) panicles dichotomous ; seg-
ments of corolla ligulate above : leaves ovate, acuminated,
smoothish : lower ones subcordate. h . ^. S. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Hoya panicul^ta, Spreng.
syst. 843.
Pa«(cW-flowered Tylophora. Shrub tw.
§ 2. Leaflets of stamineous corona very blunt, or bluntly
ASCLEPIADE^. XXVI. Tylophora.
129
acuminated, destitute of cusps or points inside, shorter than the
gynostegium.
6 'I'. CAUNOSA tWall. ascl. no. 49. Wight, cat. no. 1537.
contrib. ind. bot. p. 49.) twining, glabrous ; stems and branches
slender ; lenves fleshy, ovate, or subcordate, nmcronate, shining,
pale beneath ; peduncles flexuous, bearing at the flexures many
filiform pedicels ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona fleshy, nearly
orbicular ; pollen masses ascending ; stigma convex ; follicles
glabrous, usually solitary by abortion. Tj . '^. S. Native of
the Burmese empire, at Amherst; an<l of Ceylon, at Colombo ;
and of the province of Tanjore, in sandy places. Leaves 1-2
inches long, and 0-9 lines broad. Flowers purple inside.
Fleshy Tylophora. Shrub t\v.
7 T. TENUissiMA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 49.)
twining, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
somewhat cordate at the base, cuspidate, veinless, with subrevo-
lute edges ; peduncles flexuous, bearing many filiform pedicels
at the flexures ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona ovate-oblong ;
pollen masses ascending ; stigma convex ; follicles diverging,
glabrous. Pj. '^. S. Native of the ])eninsula of India, Wight;
Bengal, Roxb. Wight, cat. no. 1538. Asclepias tenuissima,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 41. mus. ind. or. t. 1383. Leaves 2-3
inches long and 3-6 lines broad. There is a variety of this,
having the leaves twice the length and much narrower in pro-
portion.
Very slender Tylophora. Shrub tw.
8 T. PAUciFLORA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, glabrous;
Ijranches slender ; leaves on longish petioles, broadly ovate) from
the base, or somewhat cordate, gradually attenuated to the
apex, rather waved on the edges ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves, flexuous, bearing filiform, twin, or tern pedicels at the
flexures ; flowers small ; segments of calyx and corolla obtuse ;
leaflets of corona broad-elliptic, obtuse ; pollen masses ascend-
ing ; stigma convex ; follicles glabrous. I7 . '^. S. Native of
the East Indies, at Courtallum, Wight ; northern provinces of
Bengal, Royle ; Wight, cat. no. 1539. This species is easily
distinguished from the rest by the almost triangular form of the
leaves.
Few-Jlowered Tylophora. Shrub tw.
9 T. hirsu'ta (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 49.) twining,
downy; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated ; peduncles about equal
in length to the leaves, flexuous, bearing sessile umbels at the
flexures ; pedicels filiform ; flowers small ; segments of corolla
ovate, obt\ise, undulated ; leaflets of corona ovate, somewhat
acuminated, obtuse ; pollen masses transverse; stigma obtuse ;
follicles slender. H . '^. S. Native of Nipaul, at Chanda-
ghiry, and Sanko. Gymneina hirsutum. Wall. tent. fl. nep. p.
50. ascl. no. 46. Leaves 3-5 inches long, and 2-3 broad.
Hairy Tylophora. Shrub tw.
10 T. MOLLissiMA (Wall, ascl, no. 47. Wight, cat. no. 1540.
contrib. ind. bot. p. 49.) twining, downy ; leaves oval, or cor-
date-ovate, acuminated, mncronate ; peduncles twice or thrice
longer than the leaves, flexuous, bearing sessile umbels at the
flexures ; pedicels filiform ; flowers small ; segments of corolla
ovate, obtuse, undulated ; leaflets of corona truncate at apex or
roundish ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma obtuse ; follicles
downy. I^ . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Neel-
gherry mountains, and on those of Dindygul. Perhaps this
is too nearly allied to the preceding, from which it seems to
differ principally in the size of the leaves. Leaves 1-2 inches
long, and about 1 broad.
Very soft Tylophora. Shrub tw.
11 T. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Hamilt. herb. no. 759. Wall. ascl.
no. 120. ex Wight and Arnott, contrib ind. bot. p. 50.) twining,
downy ; leaves round or roundish-ovate ; peduncles shorter than
VOL. IV.
the leaves ; pedicels long, filiform, usually disposed in 2 fascicles
near the top of the peduncle ; flowers rather large, glabrous ;
leaflets of corona fleshy, short, adnate to the middle of the
gynostegium; pollen masses transverse; stigma obtuse. P; .^. S.
Native of the East Indies, m elevated fields, east of Camrup
and at Dongtala, and Hebora. Leaves about 2 inches broad.
Round-leaved Tylophora. Shrub tw.
12 T. fascicula'ta (Hamilt. herb. no. 758. Wall. ascl.
no. 55. Wight and Arnott, I. c.) erect or twining a little;
leaves approximate, ovate, bluntish, rather fleshy, decreasing
towards the tops of the branches ; peduncles erect, flexuous,
bearing 2-3 few-flowered fascicles at the flexures ; leaflets of
corona oblong-ovate, bluntish ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma
apiculated. ^ . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. The cor-
puscles of the stigma in this species alone are herbaceous, and
slightly united, but loose and divaricate at both ends. Leaves
1-2 inches long and 1 broad.
Var. a, parvijlbra (Wight and Arnott, I. c.) twining a little at
top; flowers minute. Pj . '^. S. Native of the woods of Mithila,
atSukanagur. T. fasciculata. Herb. Ham. no. 758. Wall. ascl.
no. 55.
Far. (3, macrdntha (Wight and Arnott, I. c.) root fascicled ;
stems woody, erect ; fascicles approximate ; flowers rather
large ; segments of corolla ligulate. ^ . S. Native at Neel-
gherry. — Wight, cat. no. 1541. Wall, ascl.no. 31. without a
name.
Fffwic/efZ- flowered Tylophora. Shrub tw. or erect.
13 T. LONGiFOLiA (Wight, coutrib. ind. bot. p. 50.) twining,
glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, rather cordate at the
base ; panicles shorter than the leaves, many-flowered, composed
of flexuous branches, bearing a small umbel of flowers at each
flexure ; segments of corolla obtuse ; leaflets of corona almost
one half shorter than the gynostegium, broadly elliptic, obtuse ;
pollen masses transverse ; stigma convex. ^T • '^. S. Native
of Silhet. — Wall. ascl. no. 48. without a name. Leaves 6-8
inches long, and \^ broad.
Long-leaved Tylophora. Shrub tw.
14 T. ExiLis (Colebr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 358. t. 16.
Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 50.) twining, glabrous;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated; panicles rather large, twice
or thrice longer than the loaves : having the branches flexuous,
bearing umbellate pedicels at the flexures ; segments of corolla
acutish ; leaflets of corona broad-elliptic, very obtuse, shorter
than the gynostegium ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma api-
culated. I7 . '^. S. Native of Silhet. Pergularia exilis,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. — Wall. ascl. no. 51. unnamed. Leaves
2-3 inches long and 1 broad. Very nearly allied to the pre-
ceding species.
TAm Tylophora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw.
15 T. micra'ntha (Nouv. ann. mus. 3. p. 377.) glabrous;
leaves narrow or ovate-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base,
petiolate ; cymes shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments
rounded, with membranous edges, shorter than the corolla ;
segments of corolla longish, obtuse ; follicles acuminated, gla-
brous. H . '^. S. Native of the island of Timor.
Snuill-Jlowcred Tylophora. Shrub tw.
16 T. viLLOsA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1061.) corollas bearded;
umbels usually twin ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, a little cor-
date at the base, hairy on both surfaces ; branches sarmentose,
villous. ^ . '^. S. Native of the west side of Java, on the
mountains, where it is called Aroy Katuk.
Villous Tylophora. Fl. year. PI. tw.
17 T. cissioiDES (Blum" bijdr. p. 1061.) corollas glabrous ;
corymbs trichotomous ; pedicels subumbellate ; leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, rather cordate at the base, smooth. Ij . . S.
Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak.
S
130
ASCLEPIADEiE. XXVI. Tylophora. XXVII. Belostemma. XXVIIl. Marsdenia.
Cissus-like Tylophora. Fl. year. PI. tw.
18 T. te'ndis (Blum, bijdr. p. 10(i2.) corollas glabrous;
panicles axillary ; pedicels subumbellate ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, sometimes cordate at the base, 3-nerved, glabrous ;
follicles very acute. I?. ^. S. Native on the veest coast of
Java, at the bottom of mountains.
Slender Tylophora. Fl. year. PI. tw.
19 T. Rupt'sTRis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1062.) leaves ovate-
cordate, acuminated, quintuple-nerved, glabrous; follicles blunt-
ish. ^ . '^. S. Native of Java, among the Parang mountains,
on rocks. Nearly allied to T. tenuis.
Rock Tylophora. PI. tw.
§ 3. Leaflets of strnnineous corona rather membranous, finely
acuminated, acute, without any cusp or point inside, longer than
the gynostegium.
20 T. TENERRiMA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 50.) twining,
slender, smoothish ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, attenuated at the
apex ; peduncles filiform, much longer than the leaves, bearing
distant, 2-3-flowered fascicles ; corolla deeply 5-cleft ; leaflets
of corona exceeding the gynostegium, ovate, finely acuminated
at the apex ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma obtuse. fj .
^. S. Native of Nipaul, at Purpuhna ; and tiie Himalaiah.
Homolostyles tenerrima, Wall. ascl. no. 96. 118. Leaves 1-2
inches long and 1-4 lines broad.
Very tender Tylophora. Shrub tw.
§ 4. Leaflets of corona dejyressed, fleshy, clasping the base of
the gynostegium, each drawn out into a cusp-formed, erect toothlet
at the apex, inside.
21 T. CAPPARiiiiFOLiA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot.
p. 51.) twining, glabrous; branches slender; leaves elliptic-
oblong, mucronately acuminated, coriaceous, reticulately veined ;
racemes umbel-formed, almost se^sile, few-flowered ; flowers
small ; segments of corolla obtuse, glabrous ; leaflets of corona
roundish, fleshy, furnished on the inside at the apex with a
short, acute toothlet. I; . '^. S. Native of Mysore. Wight,
cat. no. 1542. Asclepias tenuis, Heyne, herb. Wall. ascl.
no. 122. Leaves 1 j to 2 inches long, and 5-7 lines broad.
Capparis-leaved I'ylophora. Shrub tw.
22 T. PURPUREA (Wall. ascl. no. 50. ex Wight and Arnott,
contrib. ind. bot. p. 51.) twining, glabrous ; branches slender;
leaves subcordate-oblong, mucronately acuminated ; peduncles
filiform, about equal in length to the leaves, bearing each 2-3
small fascicles of flowers ; segments of corolla acute ; leaflets
of corona roundish, clasping the base of the gynostegium, fur-
nished with a short toothlet inside at the apex ; pollen masses
transverse ; stigma obtuse. Tj . '^. S. Native on the banks of
the Irrawaddi.
Purple Tylophora. Shrub tw.
23 T. asthma'tica (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p.
51.) twining, downy ; branches slender; leaves ovate-roundish,
acuminated, usually cordate at the base, glabrous above, downy
beneath ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, bearing each 2-3
sessile, few-flowered umbels towards the apex ; flowers rather
large, on long pedicels, purplish ; segments of corolla acute ;
leaflets of corona fleshy, depressed, clasping the base of the
gynostegium, furnished with an erect, elongated tooth inside
at the apex ; pollen masses transverse, minute ; stigma obtuse ;
follicles glabrous, divaricate. Tj . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies. Asclepias astlimatica, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 33. Willd.
spec. p. 1270. Asclepias tunicata. Wall. asci. no. 117. Ascl.
vomitoria, Koenig. in herb. Banks. Roxb. mus. ind. or. t. 608.
Cynanchum ipecacuanha, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1270. Cynan-
chum vomitorium. Lam. diet. 2. p. 235. Cynanchum viridi-
florum, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1929. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 852.
12
Hoya planiflora, Wall. ascl. no. 1 17. b. V. Tylophora pubescens,
Wall. ascl. no. 117. a., also Wall. ascl. nos. 119. 121. 148.
unnamed. — Pluk. t. 336. f. 7. This plant is said to have been
figured as Hoya viridiflora in some foreign work. The roots
are used on the coast of Coromandel as a substitute for Ipeca-
cuanha.
Far. a, pubescens (Wight, I. c.) downy in every part, except
the upper surfaces of the leaves.
J^ar. /3, glabra (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous in every part.
Asthmatic Tylophora. Shrub tw.
24 T. toment5sa ; twining, tomentose ; leaves cordate,
ovate, mucronate, white from toraentum beneath ; umbels about
5-flowered. P^ . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Cynan-
chum toment6sum. Lam. diet. 1. p. 235. Perhaps belonging
to the present section.
Tomentose Tylophora. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hoya, p. 128.
XXVII. BELOSTE'MMA (from /StXoc, belos, an arrow,
and (XTtfifia, stemma, a crow'n). Wall. mss. ascl. no. 153.
Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 52.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Digijnia. Corolla rotate. Stamineous
corona 5-leaved ; leaflets linear-oblong, fleshy, fixed vertically to
the middle of the gynostegium, averse, spreading. Anthers ter-
minated by a membrane ; pollen masses globose, rather ascending,
or placed transversely under the dilated margin of the stigma ;
stigma mutic. — Twining, loosely downy shrubs. Leaves oppo-
site, cordate, ovate, somewhat acuminated. Peduncles shorter
than the leaves. Umbels simple, few-flowered. Flowers small.
This genus diflfers only from Tylophora in the form of the
corona ; in that the leaflets are close pressed on the gynoste-
gium ; in this they appear as if attached by the one end, and
stand at right angles with the gynostegium, and transversely
across the corolla.
1 B. hirsu'tum (Wall. I. c). I; . ^. S. Native of Nipaul.
Hairy Belostemma. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hoya, p. 128.
XXVIII. MARSDENIA (named in honour of William
Marsden, F.R.S. late Secretary to the Admiralty, and author of
a " History of Sumatra," in which, though it is evident that he
has not made botany his particular study, he has had the merit
of turning the attention of botanists to several valuable plants,
among others to the camphor tree of Sumatra {Dryobdlanops
camphora), and to a species of this genus, the Marsdenia tinc-
ibria, said to afford the best indigo in that island). R. Br. in
mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 28. prod. p. 460. — Pergularia species,
Spreng. syst. 1. pp. 843, 844.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Digijnia. Corolla urceolate, 5-
cleft, sometimes rotate. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets
compressed, undivided, toothless inside. Anthers terminated
by a membrane. Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base.
Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Usually twining shrubs.
Leaves opposite, broadish, flat. Cymes interpetiolar, sometimes
thyrsoid. Stigma usually mutic, but sometimes beaked ; beak
undivided or bifid. — Plants natives of New Holland, East
Indies ; very few in South America and Syria. This genus
differs from Pergularia chiefly in the want of the inner laciniae
to the corona ; it is therefore an arbitrary separation, and made
principally to obtain clearer characters for both. The two
species with an elongated stigma are perhaps not truly of the
genus, but if separated from it must form each a distinct genus.
R.Br.
Sect. I. Marsde'ni.e ve'r.e. Stigma mutic, or apiculated.
^ 1. Throat of corolla naked.
1 M. velutina (R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 29. prod.
ASCLEPIADE.'E. XXVIII. Marsdenia.
131
461.) stem twining, leaves cordate, broad-ovate, acuminated,
tomentose, soft ; cymes umbel-formed ; throat of corolla naked ;
stigma mutic. ^ . '^. S. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic.
Velvety Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
2 M. Brunonia'na (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot.
p. 40.) twining, glabrous ; leaves broad-cordate, acuminated ;
peduncles shorter than the petioles ; flowers cymose, largish,
glabrous ; segments of corolla obtuse ; leaflets of corona atte-
nuated, about equal in lengtli to the gynostegium ; stigma
bluntly apiculated. tj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies,
near Columala. — Wight, cat. no. 1.524. The cymes are small ;
but the flowers are the largest of the genus.
Browns Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
3 M. FLAVEscENS (Cunnini^h. in bot. mag. t. 3289.) twining ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat undulated, gla-
brous above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; pedun-
cles twice the length of the petioles ; cymes many-flowered ;
corolla sub-rotate ; stigma mutic. ^ . '^. S. Native of New
Holland, on the sea-shore. Flowers yellowish. Stamineous co-
rona of 5 fleshy teeth, united to the back of the anthers, which
latter are diaphanous at the extremity. Stigma flat.
Yellonish-Ronered Marsdenia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub tw.
§ 2. Throat of corolla as well as the tube bearded. Hairs
of the tube disjiosed in 5 rejlexed fascicles.
4 M. TiNCTORiA (R. Br. 1. c.) stems twining ; leaves cordate-
ovate, or oblong-acuminated, smoothish, furnished with a gland
towards the base above ; thyrse lateral ; throat of corolla
bearded ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona about equal in
length to the gynostegium, subulate ; stigma mutic. Tj . '^. S.
Native of Sumatra, Silhet, and Prome. Faroom-akkar, Marsd.
sumat. p. 78. Pergularia tinctoria, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844.
Asclepias tinctoria, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 43. mus. ind. or. t. 615.
M. monostachya. Wall. mss. Flowers numerous, small, yellow.
The leaves yield more and better indigo than Indigofera tinc-
toria ; and Dr. Roxburgh has recommended an extensive culti-
vation of it.
Dyers' Marsdenia, or Sumatra Indigo. Shrub tw.
5 M. viRiDiFLoRA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 30. prod. 461.) stems
twining ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smoothish, obtuse at the
base ; tube of corolla villous inside. ^ . ^. S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic. Pergularia viridiflora, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 844.
Grecn-Jlorrered Marsdenia. Shrub Iw.
6 M. Hamiltonii (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 41.) twining,
glabrous ; leaves cordate-oblong, acuminated ; cymes subcapi-
tate, many-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; flowers small ;
tube of corolla ventricose, closed by hairs ; leaflets of corona
longer than the gynostegium, tapering at the apex ; pollen
masses oblong, fixed by minute corpuscles ; stigma apiculated.
Ij . '^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Sukanagur. Cynan-
chum. Wall. ascl. no. 84. C. reticulatum. Ham. herb. no. 750.
Hamilton's Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
7 M. RoTHn ; leaves roundish-oval, obtuse, glabrous, as
well as the stems, which are twining ; corymbs axillary, dicho-
tomous, hairy ; corollas tomentose inside, fj • ^. S. Native
of the East Indies. Asclepias plicata, Roth. nov. spec. Co-
rolla black, beset with scattered hairs outside, and clothed with
greyish tomentum inside ; hardly a line in diameter.
Roth's Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
8 M. cLAu'sA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 30.) stem twining; leaves
lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous, wrinkled a little above ;
throat of corolla densely bearded. I; . '^. S. Native of Ja-
maica. Pergularia claiisa, Spreng. syst. I. p. 844.
Closed-Rowered Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
9 M. suAVE^OLENS (R. Br. 1. c.) stem erectish ; leaves oval-
lanceolate, glabrous, veinless ; corolla with a ventricose tube,
and a bearded throat. h • '^- S. Native of New Holland,
without the tropic. Rudge, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 299. t. 21.
f. 1. Ker. bot. reg. t. 489. Pergularia suaveolens, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 843. Panicles axillary, 6-8-flowered. Calycine
segments ciliated. Filaments broad, inserted beneath a 5-
toothed conical nectarium, ex Rudge. Flowers white.
Sweel-scented-Rowered Marsdenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1816. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
10 M. cinera'scens (R. Br. 1. c.) stem erect; leaves ovate,
bluntish, veiny, beset with a little scattered down, peliolate,
half an inch long ; corolla subrotate. fj . S. Native of New
HoUanil, within tlie tropic. Pergularia cinerascens, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 844.
Greyish Marsdenia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
§ 3. Tube of corolla dorvny inside.
1 1 M. RoYLEi (Wight et Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.)
twining, tomentose ; leaves broad-cordate or ovate, acuminated ;
cymes shorter than the leaves ; calyx hairy ; corolla hairy
inside : throat crowned by 5 plicae, which are opposite the
sinuses ; leaflets of corona much longer than the gynostegium,
filiform at top ; stigma bluntly apiculated. fj . '^. S. Native
of Kenoiir, Royle ; Simla, Countess of Dalhousie. M. velu-
tina, Royle, herb., but not of R. Br. The plicae at the bottom
of the recesses, between the segments of the corolla, almost
resemble thickish scales.
Royle's Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
12 M. ANGusTiFOLiA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.) twin-
ing, much branched ; stem, branches, and peduncles downy ;
leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, glabrous in the adult state ;
cyines twin, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaflets of
corona shorter than the gynostegium ; stigma truncate. Ij . '^. S.
Native on hills at Prome. Marsdenia, Wall. ascl. no. 58. —
Rumph, amb. 5. t. 40. f. 1. ?
Narrow-leaved Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
§4. Throat of corolla naked ; tube sparingly pilose. Leaflets
of corona hroadish, truncate or bifid at the ap)eoc ; bearing each,
near the base, one acuminated lobe, and another keel-formed one.
Cymes large, spreading, many-flowered ; flowers rather large. —
This section may eventually form a distinct genus.
13 M. Calesia'na (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 41.) twining,
downy; leaves cordate, or cordate-ovate, acuminated, tomen-
tose on both surfaces ; cymes large, many-flowered ; segments
of corolla narrow, acute, with revolute edges ; leaflets of the
corona deeply bifid: one of the lobes is longer than the other,
lying upon the anthers, the other shorter and keeled towards
the base ; stigma apiculated. h- '~^- S. Native of the East
Indies, at Morang. Pergularia Calesiana, Ham. herb. Wall,
ascl. no. 57. e.
Cales's Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
14 M. TENACissiMA (Wight and Arnott. contrib. ind. bot.
p. 41.) twining; leaves cordate, acuminated, tomentose on both
surfaces ; cymes large ; segments of corolla broad, obtuse ;
leaflets of corona broad, truncate, and nearly entire at the apex,
or bifurcate ; stigma bluntly apiculated. H . ^. S. Native of the
East Indies, on the hills of Rajemahl and Chittagong. Asclepias
tenacissima, Roxb. cor. 3. p. 35. t. 240. fl. ind. 2. p. 31. mus.
ind. orient, t. 1381. Asclepias tomentosa, Herb. madr. Asclep.
echinata, Herb. madr. Gymnema tenacissimum, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 844. Flowers greenish yellow. Corollas salver-shaped ;
segments greenish towards the centre, with the outer half
s 2
132 ASCLEPIADEiE. XXVIII. Marsdenia. XXIX. Cosmostigma. XXX. Heterostemma. XXXI. Pergularia.
yellow. Leaves 4-6 inches long and 3-4 broad. Follicles
ovate-lanceolate, downy, gretn, 6 inches long, and 4-5 in cir-
cumference.— The bark of the young luxuriant shoots yields a
large portion of beautiful fine silky fibre, with which the
mountaineers of Rajemahl make their bow-strings, on account
of their great strengtli and durability. Tlieir fibres, and those
of the bark of a Malay plant {Balha-calaij, or poolas, the
Urttca tenacissima, Roxb.) are much stronger in the fibre
than hemp, and even exceeding those of Sanseveiia Zeyldiiica,
Roxb. A line made of common hemp for a standard, broke
with 150 lbs. when dry, and 190 lbs. when wet, the average of
several trials. A similar line, of this substance, broke with
248 lbs. when dry, and 343 when wet, while that of UrCica
tenacissima broke with 240 when dry, and 278 when wet.
Very tough UarsAema. Clt. 1806. Shrub tw.
Sect. II. Nephra'ndra (from vt(poQ, nephos, a kidney, and
avt]p at'Spoc, aner andros, a male ; shape of anthers). Stigma
beaked. Anthers kidney-shaped.
15 M. ere'cta (R. Br. 1. c. p. 31.) stem erect; leaves cor-
date, ovate, acute ; cymes umbel-formed ; segments of the
limb of the corolla beardless, 4-5 times longer than the tube.
I7 . G. Native of Syria. Cynanchum erecrum, Lin. hort.
ciifl^. 79. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1158. Jacq. hort. t. 38. Per-
gularia erecta, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. — Kniph. cent. 7. no. 19.
Apocynum, Chis. 1. p. 124. Leaves pale green, glaucescent.
Flowers numerous, white, sweet-scented, ex Jacq.
£rec< Marsdenia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1597. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
16 M. rostra'ta (R. Br. I. c.) stem twining; leaves ovate,
subcordate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels many-flowered ;
limb of corolla bearded. fj . '^. G. Native of New Holland,
without the tropic. Pergularia rostrata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844.
This species differs from all the preceding in the pollen masses
being renitbrm, nearly transverse, fixed by the extremity, more
remote from the corpuscles of the stigma.
Beaked Marsdenia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
XXIX. COSMOSTl'GMA (from ratr^uoc, kosmos, decked ;
and ariyixa, a stigma ; in reference to the stigma being adorned
by a narrow wing). Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 41.
LiN. sYST. Penlandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Sta-
mineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed, bifid. Anthers
ventricose, terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect,
fixed by the base to the corpuscles of the stigma, hanging by long
retinacula. Stigma mutic, crowned by a repand, flexuous, nar-
row wing. Follicles large, linear-oblong, obtuse, smooth. Seeds
comose. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous. Co-
rymbs usually twin, on long peduncles. Flowers small. This
genus has been separated from Marsdenia on account of the
very beautiful and peculiar stigma; the cleft leaflets of the co-
rona allies it to the last section of that genus.
1 C. RACEMOSA (Wight, 1. c. p. 42.). ^ . '^. S. Native of
Silliet and Chittagong. Asclepias racemosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 32. mus. ind. or. t. 1818. Nerium piscidium. Wall. cat. no.
59. but not of Roxb.
7^ace)HO.ve-flowered Comostigma. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Pergularia, p. 133, for culture and propagation.
XXX. HETEROSTE'MMA t,from trtpog, helcros, variable,
and aTifi/xa, slcmma, a crown ; the corona in each of the species
has a form peculiar to itself). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind.
bot. p. 42.
LiN. svsT. Penlandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted.
Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets dilated, furnished each with
a process inside. Anthers lying upon the stigma, terminated by
a membrane; pollen masses erect, obsoletely tetragonal, pellucid
on one side. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining
shrubs. Leaves opposite, furnished above, the base with a small
gland. Umbels small, interpetiolar, on short peduncles. The
corona being variable in the species of this genus, the principal
distinction rests in the form and structure of the pollen masses,
which resemble those of Stapelia, and the allied genera.
1 H. Tanjore'nsis (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, gla-
brous ; leaves broadly ovate or oblong, short-acuminated, ob-
tuse or cordate at the base ; peduncles shorter than the leaves,
few-flowered ; leaflets of corona spreading, broad, truncate,
furnished with a tongue-formed process inside ; follicles diva-
ricate, slender, glabrous, hooked at the apex. Tn . ^. S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, in the province of Tanjore, in sand.
Stapelia involucrata, herb. madr. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and
1-2 broad.
Tanjore Heterostemma. Shrub tw.
'i H. Wallichii (Wight, 1. c.) twining; branches having a
downy, lateral line on both sides ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
glabrous ; peduncles very short, few-flowered ; leaflets of
corona much dilated, obcordate, furnished with an erect, fleshy
process inside, lying upon the gynostegium. Jj . *"". S. Na-
tive of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Wall. ascl. no. 154. without a
name. Leaves 4-8 inches long, and 2-3 broad.
WaUich's Heterostemma. Shrub tw.
3 H. ala'ta (Wight, 1. c.) twining; branches having a downy
line on both sides ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels
few-flowered, almost sessile ; leaflets of corona cuspidate, fur-
nished with a Subulate tooth on, the back, and a gland-formed
process inside ; follicles slender, glabrous, divaricate. V^.'^.S.
Native of Nipaul, and Massooree. Hoya alata, Wall, asclep.
no. 136. Leaves 2-5 inches long, and 1-3 broad.
Winged Heterostemma. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
XXXI. PERGULARIA (from p^rgM/o, an arbour; twining
plants, fit for covering arbours). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1.
p. 31. Blum, bijdr. p. 1055. Pergularia species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped,
with an urceolate tube. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets
compressed, undivided at top, and furnished each with a little
segment inside. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma mutic. Follicles ven-
tricose, smooth Seeds comose. — Twining plants, with broad
membranous leaves ; interpetiolar cymes, of yellowish, sweet-
scented flowers, for which they are cultivated in China and the
East Indies. Throat of corolla usually hairy.
1 P. odoratissima (Roxb. and Smith, icon. pict. p. 16.)
leaves cordate, acuminated, soft, downy ; umbels shorter than
the leaves ; calycine segments shorter than the tube of the
corolla, which is woolly inside ; corona shorter than the tube
of the corolla ; segments of corolla short, obtuse. ^ . ^. S.
Native of China, Cochinchina, and Sumatra, where it is called
Jf'est coast creeper by the English. Andr. bot. rep. t. 185.
Pergularia minor, Sims, bot. mag. 755. Perg. tomentosa, Lin.
niant. 53. Cynanchum odoratissimum, lour. coch. p. 164.
Flos Sianiicus, Rumph. amb. 6. p. 58. t. 26. f. 1. The Malay
name of the shrub is Tonki or Tonkin. Bark corky ; young
branches downy. Leaves rather downy while young, 4 inches
long and 3 broad. Flowers middle-sized, greenish yellow, ex-
ceedingly fragrant. Seeds surrounded by a membranous rind,
and ending in a long tuft of hairs.
Sweet- scented Y'wy,\\\A\\a. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1784. Sh. tw.
2 P. acce'dens (Blum, bijdr. p. 1056.) leaves ovate, or oval-
ASCLEPIADEiE. XXXI. Pergularia. XXXII. Dischidia.
1.-33
oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base : having the margins
and veins downy ; cymes pedunculate, twin ; calycine segments
obtuse, shorter than the tube of the corolla. Ij .'^. S. Native
of Java, Sumatra, Madura, &c., by the sea side. It differs
from P. odoratissiina in the leaves never being cordate.
Approaching Pergularia. Fl. year. Slirub tw.
3 P. MINOR (Andr. bot. rep. IS-l.) leaves cordate, obtuse;
with an acumen, downy while young ; umbels shorter than the
leaves ; calycine segments about equal in length to the tube of
the corolla. ^ . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Curt. bot.
mag. 755. ? Tratt. tab. 713. P. odoratissima, var. Smith,
icon. pict. 3. p. 16. This is probably only a small variety of
the first species, the leaves are rounder, with a more slender
recurved acumen ; and the corollas orange-coloured or yellow,
but also very fragrant ; and the segments of the corolla are
blunter and shorter. Leaves 1| inch broad, and the same in
length.
5wfl//cr Pergularia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub tw.
4 P. PARviFLORA (Bluni. bijdr. p. 105G.) leaves subcordate-
ovatc, acute, downy on the margins and veins beneath; umbel-
lules pedunculate ; calycine segments obtuse, shorter than the
tube of the corolla. 't • "^^ S. Native of Java, about Kuri-
pan, in calcareous soil.
Small-Jioivcred Pergularia. Fl. May, July. Shrub tw.
5 P. viLLOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1057.) leaves subcordate-oval,
acute, very soft beneath; umbellules simple; segments of calyx
acute, shorter than the tube of the corolla. Tj . '^. S. Native
of Java, on mount Parang, in the province of Tjanjor.
f'illous Pergularia. Fl. July. Slirub tw.
6 P. PALLIDA ; branches downy ; leaves oblong-cordate,
acuminated, smooth ; umbels simple or compound, on short
peduncles, many-flowered ; corona length of tube, but the
calycine segments are shorter ; segments of corolla narrow,
with revolute edges ; tube glabrous inside. f^ . '^. S. Native
of the East Indies, at Gongachora and Munghir ; and Penang.
Asclepias pallida, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 48. P. limbata. Wall,
ascl. p. 61. P. viridis. Ham. herb. Young shoots beset with
small recurved hairs. Leaves 4 inches long, and 1-2 broad.
Petioles, pedicels, and peduncles villous. The flowers are pale
yellow, and not fragrant, or in a very slight degree. The length
and narrowness of the segments of the corolla, and want of
fragrance, seem to be the most obvious marks by which this
can be distinguished from P. odoratissima.
P«/e-yellow-flo\vered Pergularia. Shrub tw.
7 P. sanguinole'nta (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 72. Sims,
bot. mag. 253'.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite glabrous; cymes
many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; segments of corolla
acuminated, obtuse. Tj . '^. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Plant
trailing, full of blood-coloured juice. Corollas greenish yellow.
£/oorf(/-juiced Pergularia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. tw.
8 P. purpu'rea (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 44. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1248.) leaves cordate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels proliferous,
shorter than the leaves ; corolla with a villous throat, and
narrow segments. Pj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies and
China. Asclepias cordata, Burm. ind. p. 72. t. 27. f. 2.
Branches rather villous. Pedicels and calyx downy. Flowers
purple ?
Pur^j/d'-flowered Pergularia. Shrub tw.
9 P. f Japonica (Thunb. jap. 111. Willd. 1. c.) leaves cor-
date, glabrous ; umbt-ls simple; calycine segments shorter than
the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla obtuse, spreadingly
reflexed. h . '^. S. Native of Japan. Stems glabrous.
Leaflets of corona 5, subsagittate, erect, compressed, each
furnished v\iih a tooth outside. Stigma ending in a long thread.
Perhaps a distinct genus, from the stigma terminating in a thread.
Japan Pergularia. Shrub tw.
10 P.? edu'lis (Thunb. prod. p. 38. fl. cap. 2. p. 151. act.
nov. petrop. t. 14.) stem herbaceous, filiform, twining; leaves
ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; pedicels capillary, aggregate ;
root large, succulent, size of a human head. I^ . If.. '^. S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro. Plant glabrous, with
alternate branches. Leaves green above and pale beneath.
Corolla an inch long. The root is eaten by the Hottentots.
Perhaps a species of Ccropcgia.
Edible-rooted Pergularia. PI. tw.
N. B. What is Pergularia lucida and P. angustifolia, Fisch.
hort. gorenki ?
Cult. The greater number of the species of this genus are
much valued tor the fragrance of their flowers, and are well
adapted to training up rafters or trellis work, in stoves or con-
servatories. They grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and
sand ; and cuttings strike root readily in heat, under a hand-
glass.
XXXIl. DISCHI'DIA (from clq, dis, twice, and trx.^w,
schizo, to cut; in reference to the bifid leaflets of the corona).
R. Br. in vvern. soc. mem. I. p. 32. prod, 461. Blum, bijdr.
p. 1059.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Corolla urceolate, 5-
cleft. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets bifid : segments
subulate, spreading, recurved at apex. Anthers terminated by
a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma
mutic. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Herbs hanging, pe-
rennial, lactescent, besprinkled with white mealiness. Natives
of the East Indies, especially of the Moluccas ; and of New
Holland, parasitical on trees. Stems rooting at the joints.
Leaves opposite, roundish, thick, fleshy. Flowers small, sub-
umbellate, usually white.
1 D. Bengale'nsis (Colebr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 357. t. 15.
Hook. bot. mag. 29 IG.) plant yellowish green, glabrous, fleshy ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2-edged, flat ; umbels few-flowered,
from alternate axils, on short peduncles ; corollas small, ur-
ceolate. fj . S. Native of Silliet, on trees. D. lanceolata
Wall. ascl. no. 62.
Bengal 'D\sch\A\a. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. creep.
2 D. cuNEiFOLiA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves cuneated, subretusely
cuspidate, much attenuated at the base, and are, as well as the
branches, scurfy. I7 . S. Native of the Burmese empire, on
the banks of the river Attravn, on trees. Nearly allied to D.
Bengalensis.
Cuncate-\eayed. Dischidia. Shrub creep.
3 D. Rafflesia'na (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. S5. t. 184.;
leaves roundish-ovate ; ascidia or reservoirs crowded, pen-
dulous, petiolate, oblong-ovate, angular, obtuse, large ; lobes
of corona oblong, obtuse, incurved ; follicles smooth. V^ . S.
Native of Singapore ; also of Malacca and Salongohr, upon
trees. A fleshy, pale green, glaucous plant. Umbels axillary.
Corollas pale yellow.
Raffles's Dischidia. Shrub creep.
4 D. clava'ta (Wall. 1. c. p. .36.) leaves roundish-ovate;
ascidia or reservoirs crowded, pendulous,' almost sessile, cylin-
drically clavate, arched, marginate, bluntly cuspidate ; lobes oi
stamineous corona oblong, obtuse, incurved ; follicles downy.
Ij . S. Native of the Burmese empire, on the banks of the
river Attram, in Martaban, near Assannee, on trees. Habit
and mode of growth that of D. Rufflesiiina, but the reservoirs
are of a different form.
Clavate Dischidia. Shrub creep.
5 D. nummula'ria (R. Br. prod. p. 461. Blum, bijdr.
1059.) fleshy; stem roughish ; leaves roundish-ovate, mucro-
nulate, convex on both surfaces, mealy beneath ; umbellules on
short peduncles ; segments of corona subulate. ^ • S. Na-
tive of the Ea^t Indies, Java, and the Moluccas ; als > of
New Holland, at Endeavour River, creeping upon trees. Col-
ISi ASCLEPIADE7E. XXXII. Dischidia. XXXIII. Leptostemma. XXXIV. Triplosperma. XXXV. Harrisonia.
lyris minor, Vahl. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 111.?— Rumph.
amb. 5. t. 176. f. 1.
Moneyn<on-\ea\et!i Dischidia. Fl. year. Clt. ? PI. creep.
6 D. Timorie'nsis (Nouv. aim. mus. 3. p. ."J??, t. 17.) leaves
roundish-ovate, on short petioles ; ascidia nearly sessile, oblong,
a little arched, flattened, pendulous at the base of the branches ;
lobes obtuse, violaceous, downy inside ; lobes of corona linear,
arched, reflexed. Pj . S. Native of the island of Timor.
Timor Dischidia. PI. creeping.
7 D. Wallichii (Wight, contrib. ind. hot. p. 43.) fleshy,
glabrous ; leaves orbicular, hardly mealy. Tj . S. Native of
Singapore. Wall. ascl. no. 64. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 176. f. 2.
Perhaps this is CoUyris minor, Vahl, in which he says the leaves
are oblong-ovate.
JVallkh's Dischidia. Shrub creeping.
8 D. RHOMBiFOLiA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1059.) stem glabrous :
leaves rhomb-ovate, obtuse, flat above and convex beneath ;
umbels en short peduncles ; segments of corona linear, blunt.
}} . S. Native of Java, in woods on mounts Salak, Gede, and
Burangrangi upon trees.
Jihomli-leavcd BischkVia. Fl. year. PI. creeping.
9 D. spatula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1060.) stem glabrous;
leaves spatulate, convex on both surfaces, rather mealy ; um-
bellules nearly sessile ; segments of the crown lanceolate.
T? . S. Native of the island of Nusae-Kambanga, by the sea
side, creeping upon trees.
Spatulate-\ea\ed Dischidia. Fl. year. PI. creeping.
10 D. cochlea'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1060.) stem downy;
leaves roundish, convex above and wrinkled, concave beneath ;
umbellules on short peduncles; segments of corona obtuse,
inflexed. I;. S. Native of the island of Nusae-Kambanga,
creeping on the trunks of trees, by the sea siiore.
<S)70on-leaved Dischidia. Fl. year. PI. creeping.
Cult. Vegetable mould is the best soil for the species of
Dischidia ; and they are easily increased by separating the rooted
shoots.
XXXIII. LEPTOSTEMMA (from Xetttos, leptos, narrow ;
and aTifijJLa, stemma, a crown ; in reference to the corona, which
is narrow.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1057.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed.
Corolla tubular, with a constricted throat, which is sometimes
closed with scales or fascicles of villi ; limb semi-quinquefid.
Stamineous crown of 5 free, cordate or sagittate, undivided
leaflets. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses
erect, fixed by the base. Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth.
Seeds with a tuft of hairs at the end.- — Herbs rooting on trees ;
with opposite or verticillate, fleshy leaves ; and umbellulale
flowers. An intermediate genus, between Per gularia and Dis-
chidia.
* Throat of corolla nahed.
1 L. lanceolaVum (Blum, bijdr. p. 1057.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; leaflets of corona rounded at
the apex. \i . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods.
Lanceo/a/e-leaved Leptostemma. Fl. year. PI. creep.
2 L. sagitta'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 1057.) leaves lanceolate,
acute or obtuse, glabrous ; leaflets of corona sagittate, bluntish
at the apex. h^ • '§• Native of Java, upon trees, about
Linga-jattie, in the province of Cheribon, where it is called
Kikondal.
Sagitlate-crov/ned Leptostemma. Fl. Aug. Sept. PI. creep.
3 L. LATiFOLiUM (Blum. bijdr. p. 1058.) leaves oval-lanceo-
late, acute, glabrous ; leaflets of corona minute, acutish, with
tumid margins. Ij . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Broad-leaved Leptostemma. Fl. year. PI. cr.
4 L. puncta'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 1058.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, convex, and glabrous on both surfaces ; leaflets of corona
rounded at the apex ; corolla beset with elevated dots outside.
Ij . S. Native of Java, in low woods.
Dotted-dowered Leptostemma. Fl. year. PI. creep.
5 L. trunca'tum (Slum. 1. c.) leaves small, ovate, acute, gla-
brous, rather convex beneath ; leaflets of corona truncate, erose.
1; . S. Native of Java, in woods, on the higher mountains.
Truncate-crowned Leptostemma. Fl. June, July. PI. cr.
* * Throat of corolla closed.
6 L. HiRsu^TUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, hairy ; throat
of corolla closed by 5 scales; leaflets of corona rounded at the
apex. fj . S. Native of Java, about Rompien, in the pro-
vince of Buitenzorg.
Hairy Leptostemma. Fl. May. PI. creep.
7 L. fascicula'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 1058.) leaves ovate,
acutish, nearly glabrous ; throat of corolla closed by 5 fascicles
of villi ; leaflets of corona rounded at the apex. Jj . S. Na-
tive of Java, on the mountains of Pant-jar, in the province of
Buitenzorg.
/''aic/c/c(/-flowered Leptostemma. Fl. July. PI. creep.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dischidia, above.
XXXIV. TRIPLOSPE'RMA (rpi-KXaos, triploos, triple; and
trvepfia, sperma, a seed ; the seeds are disposed in 3 ranks or
series, in the follicles.) Stapelia Cochinchinensis, Lour. coch.
p. 114.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla with a long slender
tube, and a 5-parted limb ; segments acute, connivent, covering
the genitals. Stamineous corona fleshy, flat, stellate, of 5 acute,
large, expanded leaflets. Anthers oblong, between the lobes of
the corona. Stigmas 2, sessile. Follicles terete, subulate.
Seeds long, terete, comose, disposed in 3 rows in each follicle.
— A creeping, suffruticose plant. Stems terete, nearly simple.
Leaves fleshy, opposite, ovate. Umbels large, simple, on a long,
thick, common peduncle. Corollas white, funnel-shaped. Ca-
lycine segments acute.
1 T. Cochinchine'nsis. Tj • S. Native of Cochinchina, on
the mountains. Hoya Cochinchinensis, Spreng. syst. 6. p. 52.
Stapelia Cochinchinensis, Lour. coch. 114.
Cochinchina Triplosperma. Shrub creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dischidia, above.
XXXV. HARRISO'NIA (named by Hooker, in compliment
to Mrs. Harrison, of jEgburgh, near Liverpool, who was the
first to introduce the plant from Brazil.) Hook, in hot. mag.
vol. .53. t. 2699.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla urceolate, S-toothed ;
with a naked throat. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets
simple at top, furnished with a fleshy scale or process inside. ?
— An erect, glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, decussate, be-
tween fleshy and coriaceous, 2-3 inches long, elliptic-cordate,
obtuse. Umbels pedunculate, terminal. Corollas fleshy, fine
red ; limb a little spreading. Hooker describes the pollen
masses as erect ; but we much doubt the correctness of this ;
but should it be so, it is a very remarkable genus among the
tribe of Asclepiadeous plants, in which the pollen masses are
erect, and the anthers terminated by a membrane.
1 H. LONicEROiDEs (Hook. I. c.) H . S. Native of Brazil.
Honeysuckle-like Harrisonia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1825. Shrub
erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gomphocar2)us,ip. 142.
§ 2. Stamineous corona inappendicidale outside.
XXXVI. CONCHOPHY'LLUM (from Korxn, conche, a
sliell ; ar\d (pvWoy, phyllo7t, a leaf ; leaves convex above.) Blum,
bijdr. p. lOGO. — Collyris, Vahl. act. hafn. 6. p. 109.
ASCLEPIADE^. XXXVI. Conchopiiyllum. XXXVII. Gymnema.
135
Lin. syst. Pent&ndria, Dlgynia. Calyx small, 5-tootlied.
Corolla sub-globose, with a bearded throat ; segments of the
limb short. Stamineous crown, inclosed, 5-angled, inappendi-
culate outside. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma mutic. Follicles
smooth. Seeds comose. — Herbs rooting on trees. Leaves
opposite, somewhat imbricate, fleshy, roundish-cordate, emargi-
nate, of a different colour beneath, convex and rather wrinkled
above, and veinless beneath. Umbellules twin, pedunculate,
interpetiolar.
1 C. imbrica'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. lOCl.) h. S. Native
of the island of Nusae-Kambanga, on the sea shore. Dischidia ?
CoUyris, Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 3(5. — Colly' ris m^jor, Vahl, in
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 111. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175. f.
3. bad.
Imbrica(ed-\e&veA Conchophyllum. Fl. Nov. PI. creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dischidia, p. 134.
XXXVII. GYMNE^MA (from yv^woQ, gymnos, naked ; and
vrffia, nema, a filament ; the stamineous corona being absent,
the filaments are left naked.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p.
33. prod. p. 461.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Corolla sub-nrceolate,
5-cleft; throat usually crowned by 5 scales, or teeth, inserted in
the recesses between the segments of the corolla. Stamineous
corona wanting. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses erect, fixed by the base. Follicles smooth. Seeds
comose, generally marginate. — Usually twining shrubs, natives of
the East Indies ; tropical parts of New Holland, and Equinoxial
Africa. Leaves opposite, membranous, flat. Umbels interpe-
tiolar, cymose. In the greater number of the species, the sta-
mens are not usually naked, but are furnished with a gland-like
body, or fleshy tuft, at the base of each filament.
* § 1 . Tube of corolla pilose inside ; throat crowned by 5 decur-
rent loothlets or scales.
1 G. LACTiFERUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 57. ex R. Br.
I. c.) glabrous ; stem erect, or twining a little, simple ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate, bluntly acuminated, usually unequal-
sided ; umbels many-flowered, shorter than the petioles; throat
of small corolla crowned by 5 fleshy tubercles; tube furnished
with double pilose lines, running from the tubercles. Ij . S.
Native of Ceylon. Asclepias lactit'era, Lin. spec. 314. fl. zeyl.
111. — -Burm. zeyl. p. ^4. The milk of the plant is substituted
for cow's milk, where that is scarce ; and the leaves are boiled
with food, ex Burm. Very nearly allied to G. sylveslre.
Milk-bearing Gymnema. Shrub.
2 G. SYLVEsTRE (R. Br. prod. I. c.) twining; clothed with
soft down in every part except the upper surfaces of the leaves ;
leaves from oval, attenuated at the base and apex, to ovate or
cordate, acute ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles ; um-
bels twin, sub-capitate, many-flowered ; flowers small ; stigma
bluntly conical, much longer than the stamens ; follicles slender,
attenuated, glabrous. Ij . '^. S. Native of the Peninsula of
India, frequent in China and Ceylon. Wight, and Arnott, contrib.
ind. bot. p. 44. G. parviflorum. Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50.
Periploca sylvestris, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1252. phyt. 1. p. 7. t. 5.
f. 3. Asclepias geminuta, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 45. Segments
of corolla ovate, acute. Scales in the throat long and thick.
Hypogynous scales linear, obtuse, covering the genitals.
Il'ild Gymnema. Shrub tw.
3 G. gemina'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 462.) leaves ovate,
smoothish ; branchlets downy ; peduncles shorter than the pe-
tioles ; umbels twin ; corolla with a crowned throat, and pilose
tube. Fj . '^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on
the sea-shore.
Tji'ifi-umbelled Gymnema. Shrub tw.
4 G. hirsu'tum (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 44.)
twining, much branched ; young branches, and under surfaces
of leaves clothed with hairy tomentum ; leaves downy above,
from broad-ovate to narrow-oblong, acuminated ; peduncles
shorter than the petioles ; umbels sub-capitate ; flowers small.
Ij . ^. G. Native of the Neelgherry mountains. Wight, cat.
no. 1531. Wall. ascl. no. 70. This may eventually prove a
variety of G. lactiferum.
Hairy Gymnema. Shrub tw.
5 G. MOLLE (Wall. ascl. no. 72. b. 145. 151. Wight, and
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining ; young branches
clothed with soft pubescence ; leaves from broad-cordate to
ovate, acuminated, clothed with soft down beneath, smoothish
above ; umbels capitate, almost sessile ; flowers small ; stigma
truncate, hardly higher than the stamina ; follicles short, broad
at the base, and gradually tapering to the apex, velvety. fj .
'^. S. Native of the Burman Empire, on the banks of the
Irrawaddi.
SoJ'l Gymnema. Shrul) tw.
6 G. acumin.\'tum (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50.) twining; bark
of stem corky ; young branches rather tomentose ; leaves oval-
oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, and tomentose beneath, at
length almost naked ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; um-
bels sub-capitate ; flowers small ; scales of the throat exserted,
one half shorter than the segments ; follicles thick at the
base, conical, short, woody, coriaceous, at length glabrous, 2 inches
long, and 6-8 lines thick at the base; seeds large, surrounded
by a membranous wing. H . '"'. S. Native of Chittagong,
Silhet, Tavoy, and Maulmyne. Asclepias acuminata, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 55. Cynanchum acuminatum. Ham. herb. The
specimens from Tavoy are more glabrous than the others.
Acuminated-leaved Gvmnema. Shrub tw.
7 G. latifolihm (Wall, asclep. no. 68. 144. Wight, and
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining;? young branches
densely downy ; leaves broad-oval, acuminated, sparingly pilose
on both surfaces, parallelly veined ; umbels shorter than the pe-
tioles, cyme-formed, many-flowered ; flowers small ; scales of
throat inclosed ; follicles rather slender, acuminated, warted, 3
inches long, and 2 lines thick at the base. (7. '^. ? S. Native
of Tavoy, Silhet, Saluen, and the Peninsula of India. Leaves
4-6 inches long, and 3 broad.
Broad-leaved Gymnema. Shrub tw.
8 G. gla'brum (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining, gla-
brous ; leaves ovate or cordate, acuminated, parallelly veined;
follicles large, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, ligneo-coriaceous,
glabrous, 4 inches long, and 6 lines thick in the middle, h . ^.
S. Native of the East Indies. W'all. ascl. no. 150, without a
name. Very nearly allied to the preceding, but quite distinct.
Glabrous Gymnema. Shrub tw.
§ 2. Throat of corolla furnished with 5 decurrent, pilose lines.
— The plants of this section have larger flowers than those oj
the last ; and, owing to the pedicels being longer, the umbels
are larger, though fewer-flowered.
9 G. e'legans (Wight, et Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 46.)
twining ; branches slender, glabrous, woody : the older ones
rather warted ; leaves cordate-ovate or oval-acuminated, with
undulated edges ; umbels on short peduncles, but not spirally
elongated at length, as in the following species ; pedicels about
equal in length to the peduncles ; flowers small ; throat of co-
rolla furnished with 5 pilose lines inside ; stigma obtuse, longer
than the stamens ; follicles usually solitary, acuminated, white,
3 inches long, and 3-4 lines thick ; seeds marginate. ^ . ■ S.
Native of the mountains of Dindysjul, Salem, and Columala,
also of Segaen.— Wight, cat. no. 1554. W.-ill. ascl. no. 67, 155,
unnamed. Flowers white.
Elegant Gymnema. Shrub tw.
i;;6
ASCLEPIADEiE. XXXVII. Gymnema. XXXVIII. Sarcolobus. XXXIX. Gonolobus.
10 G. TiNGENS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844.) twining, gla-
brous; leaves cordate, acuminated to oval ; umbels or corymbs
often twin, at first shorter than the petioles, and at length spi-
rally elongated ; glands of filaments one half shorter than the
stamens; follicles cylindrical, spoon-shaped; stigma simple,
oval, mutic, crowning the tube of the corolla, and therefore ex-
ceeding the stamens. T- . ^. S. Native of Pegu. Wight, and
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45. Asclepias tingens, Ham.
ex Roxb fl. ind. 2. p. 53. cor. 3. p. 34. t. 239. Asclepias
montana, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 45. mus. ind. or. t. 618. Peri-
ploca montana. Roth, in herb. Wight. Microloma Bidaria, Ham.
herb. Tylophora Ariadnes, Ham. herb. Loaves 3-6 inches
long, and ~^-4 broad. Umbels compound at length. Flowers
largisli, numerous, pale yellow. Calyx 5-cleft to tlie base. Co-
rolla having the tube as long as the column of fructification, fur-
nished inside the rim with 5 double pilose ridges, which are
ciliated with short brown hairs. Cordate divisions of the corona
covering the stamens. Style simple. Follicles ovate-lanceo-
late, smooth and fleshy, 4 inches long, aiul one in diameter.
Dr. Hamilton, late Buchanan, informed Dr. Roxburgh, that
from the leaves of this plant the Burmese prepare a green dye.
Staining Gymnema. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub tvv.
§ 3. Corolla ventricose ; throat toothless ; lube without any
pilose lines inside. Filaments usually furnished with a fleshy
tubercle at the base. — The plants rej erred to this section ought
to form, perhaps, a distinct genus; they differ widely from the
others in appeara7ice. The pollen 7nasses differ also from the
rest of the gemix, in being compressed and spalulate ; and the
retinacula are thickened, and sometimes very long.
11 G. Nipaule'nse (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50. t. 38.) leaves
oval or ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, glaucous beneath,
and minutely reticulated with fuscous veins ; common peduncles
sometimes shorter and sometimes longer than the leaves ; umbels
compound, many-flowered ; flowers subcapitate, on short pedi-
cels, t; . '^. G. Native of Nipaul. G. columnare. Wall,
ascl. no. 73. a. A large, much-branched shrub. Corollas
yellow, urceolate, valvate in eestivation.
Nipaul Gymnema. Shrub tw.
12 G. COLUMN a're (Wall. ascl. no. 73. b. Wight and Arnott,
contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.) leaves suhcordate at the base, linear-
oblong, acuminated, glabrous, pale glaucous beneath, and reti-
culated with fuscous veins ; umbels compound, about equal
in length to the leaves, many-flowered ; flowers almost sessile.
V^ . '^. S. Native of Nipaul ? Very like G. Nipaulense, and
differs chiefly in the figure of the leaves.
Colunmar Gymnema. Shrub tw.
13 G. sagitta'tum (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50. ascl. no. 114.
and no. 83. ?) leaves oval or oblong-ovate, attenuated at the
apex, glabrous, whitisli glaucous beneath, with the veins of the
same colour ; peduncles slender, about equal in length to the
leaves ; cymes compound, loose, with filiform branches : pedi-
cels disposed along an elevated spiral line ; flowers small,
usually caducous; follicles slender, ulabrous. h."^. S. Na-
tive of Silliet. Anthers subsagittate. Cymes puberulous.
Corolla subcampanulate. Wall. 1. c.
)S'ffn/V(rt'c-anthered Gymnema. Shrub tw.
14 G. Wallichu (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 46.) leaves
oval, short-acuminated, glabrous, paler beneath, with the veins
of the same colour ; cymes raceme-formed ; pedicels disposed
along an elevated spiral line ; corolla ventricose, pilose inside ;
gynostegium furnished with 5 fleshy leaflets at the base.
Tj . '^. S. Native of Singapore. Wall. ascl. no. 135. un-
named. The large fleshy glands or leaflets at the base of the
gynostegium or column of fructification, render this a very
doubtful species of Gymnema, but the three preceding species
have tliem also, but not so conspicuous.
Wallich's Gymnema. Shrub tw.
15 G. Finlavsonia'num (Wight, I.e.) twining, glabrous; leaves
cordate, ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneath and reticulated
with brown veins ; umbels dense, many-flowered, longer than
the petioles ; corolla subcampanulate, glabrous ; gynostegium
short, naked at the base ; retinacula of pollen masses elongated
and spirally twisted in the middle. P; . '^. S. Native of the
East Indies.
Finlaysons Gymnema. Shrub tw.
16 G. trine'rve (R. Br. prod. p. 462.) stem erect; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, downy ; umbels sessile ; throat
naked. Ij . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on
the sea shore. Perhaps the gynostegium is naked at the base.
Thrce-nervedAe-cwei^ Gymnema. Shrub.
17 G. ? attenua'tum (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50.) twining,
smooth ; leaves lanceolate, very much attenuated ; corymbs
slender, flexuous, rather longer than the leaves; corolla some-
what rotate, with a naked throat ; pollen masses divaricate,
almost horizontal, ovate ; corpuscles bidentate at the apex.
(j . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Perhaps a species of Tylophora.
Attenuated-leaved Gymnema. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture aud propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
XXXVIII. SARCO'LOBUS (from anpi. aapi;oQ, sarx sarkos,
fleshy ; and \o/jos, lobos, a pod ; the follicles are fleshy.) R.
Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 34.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, DigtjrJa. Corolla rotate, 5-parted;
throat naked. Stamineous corona wanting. Anthers terminated
by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma
mutic. Follicles ventricose, fleshy or coriaceous, sometimes
solitary by abortion. Seeds marginate, scabrous. ? — Twining,
glabrous shrubs Leaves opposite, broadish, firm. Umbels
or corymbs interpetiolar, many-flowered. Follicles solitary
by abortion.
1 S. Ba'nksii (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 58. ex R. Br. I.
c.) glabrous ; leaves broadish ; umbels many-flowered ; corolla
rotate, with a naked throat ; follicles fleshy. Tj . '^. S. Native
of Java, near Batavia ; and of Princes Island, where it was col-
lected by Sir Joseph Banks. Follicles ventricose.
Banks's Sarcolobus. Shrub tvv.
2 S. GLOBOsus (Wall, asiat. res. 12. p. 577. t. 4.) leaves
ovate-oblong ; cymes bifid ; corolla rotate, with a very short
tube, villous inside ; follicles large, fleshy, globose, blunt or re-
tuse at both ends, muricated. I^ . '^. S. Native of the south
of Bengal, in saltish places, on the shores of the Hoogly ;
Rangoon; and on the banks of the river Saluen.
Globose-Crmted Sarcolobus. Shrub tw.
3 S. carina'tus (Wall. 1. c. p. 578. t. 5.) leaves oval and ob-
long, rather fleshy; peduncles few-flowered; corollas rotate,
with a very short tube, glabrous inside ; follicles oblong, smooth,
acute, keeled below. Ij . '^. S. Native along with the preced-
ing species.
Keeled-fruhed Sarcolobus. Shrub tw.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
Tribe II.
GONOLOBEiE. Pollen masses 10, fixed by pairs to the
retinacula of the stigma, transverse (f. 17. g. /(.) adhering by
the outer extremity (f. 17. /(.), dehiscing transversely in respect
to the cells, hidden by the stigmas. Stamineous corona undi-
vided (f. 1 7. f/ ), lobcd. Anthers terminated by a membrane.
XXXIX. GONO'LOBUS (from yona, gonia, an angle;
and Xo(3oc, lobos, a pod ; in reference to the ribbed follicles.)
Rich. ? in Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 119. R. Br. in werm. soc.
mem. 1. p. 35. — Cynanchum species of Lin. and Jacq.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5-
parted (f. 17. a.) Stamineous corona saucer-shaped (f. 17. d.).
ASCLEPIADE^E. XXXIX. Gonolobus.
137
lobed. Anthers dehiscing transversely, terminated by a mem-
brane ; pollen masses fiNed by the outer extremities, in respect to
the cells (f. 17. h.), covered by the stigma. Stigma flattish-de-
pressed, 5-lobed (f. 17. e.). 'Follicles ventricose, a little ribbed.
Seeds comose. — Twining, siiffruticose plants, natives of Ame-
rica, particularly within the tropics. Leaves opposite, broadish.
Umbels interpetiolar, peduncidate.
1 G. MARiTiMUs (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, hairy, tomentose
beneath ; umbels sessile ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ;
segments of corolla ovate, acute, hairy inside ; tube very short.
Ij. ^. S. Native of Tierra Bomba. Lindl. bot. reg. 931.
Cynanchuni maritimum, Lin. mant. 54. Jacq. amer. p. 83. t.
56. pict. t. 82. Corolla dark purple, ex Lin. Stem hairy. Co-
rolla greenish, ex bot. reg.
^ra-su/c Gonolobus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub tw.
2 G. st'BEROsus (R. Br. 1 c.) leaves cordate, aciuninated,
w itli an open recess, rather hairy ; calycine segments narrow ;
segments of corolla lanceolate. Tj . '^. S. Native of South
America. Cynanchum suberosum, Lin. hort. cliff. 79. spec. p.
310. Willd. spec. 1. p. U'55.— Dill. hort. elth. 308. t. 229. f.
29G. Stem reddish, chinky at bottom. Flowers at first green,
afterwards verging to blackish purple.
C'o(/:i/-stemmed Gonolobus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1732.
Shrub tw.
3 G. CRispiFLORUs (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong, cordate, with
the recess closed, nearly naked above, but villous beneath ;
umbels many-flowered ; segments of corolla curled at apex. ^ .
'^. S. Native of Jamaica, and at the Isthmus of Darien. Cy-
nanchum crispiflorum, Swartz. prod. 52. Ait. hort. kew. 1.
p. 302. Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 536 Plum. icon. 210.
t. 216. f. 1. Stem downy. There are some subulate glands
at the recess of the leaf. Corolla white, painted with green
lines at the base of the segments.
Curled-Jiowered Gonolobus, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1741.
Shrub tw.
4 G. PLANiFLORUs (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, glabrous
above, and tomentose beneath ; umbels sub-compound ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, acuminate ; segments of corolla roundish-
ovate, flat, spreading. Ij . '^. S. Native of New Spain, on the
])recipices of Mount de la Popa, about Carthagena ; and of
Trinidad. Cynanchum planiflorum, Jacq. amer. 82. t. 86. pict.
43. t. 81. Lin. syst. 257. Leaves ciliated on the petioles, with
ru^ty stiflP pili. Corolla flat, veiny, and rusty.
F/a^^on'ererf Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub
twining.
5 G. viRiDiFLoRus (Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 61.) leaves
ovate-cordate, or ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels few-
flowered, sliorter than the leaves ; calycine segments lanceolate ;
segments of corolla oblong, acute. I; . '^. S. Native about the
Essequibo. Lindl. bot. reg. 1126. Cynanchum viridiflorum,
Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 141. G. Guianensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
845. Stem hairy while young. Corolla greenish yellow.
Stamineous corona margined with white. Very nearly allied to
G. planijlorus ; but diflTers, in the leaves of that species being
downy beneath, in the umbels being racemose, and in the calyx
being longer than the corolla.
Green Jlowered Gotiolohus. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1826. Shrub tw.
6 G. GRANUiFLORUs (R. Br. 1. c.) hairy; leaves cordate-
ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneath ; segments of corolla ovate,
acuminated, coriaceous. V; . ^. S. Native of South America.
Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1053. Cynanchum grandiflorum, Cav. icon.
1. p. 14. t. 21. Willd. spec. 1355. Stem and peduncles beset
with rufous hairs. Petioles villous. Corolla coriaceous, larger
than in any other species of the genus, greenish ; corona purple.
Great-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826.
Shrub tw.
VOL. IV.
7 G. rostra'tus (R. Br. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves oblong-cordate,
with the recess open ; calycine segments ovate ; segments of
corolla narrow-lanceolate, 3 times longer than the calvx, pilose
outside. (j . '^. S. Native of Trinidad. Cynanchum rostri-
tum, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 45. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1254. Hairs of
the stem retrograde. Leaves 2-3 inches long, rather pilose.
Umbels few-flowered. Pedicels and petioles hairy. Corolla
acuminately rostrate before expansion.
Beaked-&owereA Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1824,
Shrub tw.
8 G. NIGER (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-cordate,
acute; racemes few-flowered. ^•'^- S. Native of Mexico.
Cynanchum nigrum, Cav. icon. 2. p. 45. t. 159. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1255. Nearly allied to G. ritcemdsvs ; but differs, in the
ovate, acuminated leaves, and corolline segments, in the few-
flowered racemes, and in the corolla being 4 times larger, and
black, or very dark purple.
i5/acA:-flow"ered Gonolobus. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1825. Shrub tw.
9 G. RACEMosus (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-cordate,
acuminated ; racemes simple, many-flowered ; calycine segments
lanceolate, concave, acute ; segments of corolla lanceolate, flat,
revolute and emarginate at the apex, fj . '^. S. Native about
Carthagena, among bushes. Cynanchum racemosum, Lin. mant.
p. 54. Jacq. amer. p. 81. t. 54, pict. t. 80. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1255. Leaves 4 inches long, rusty beneath. Flowers small,
white.
Raeemose-AoviereA Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub tw.
10 G. Caroline'nsis (R. Br. 1. c.) stem and petioles hairy;
leaves ovate-eordate, acuminated, downy, on longish petioles ;
flowers glabrous ; segments of corolla oval-oblong, bluntish ;
follicles smooth. 1^. '^. F. Native of North America, on
the banks of the Mississippi, in hedges, Cynanchum Caro-
linense, Jacq. icon. 2. t. 342. ? Flowers purplish, umbellate.
Carolina Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1806, PI. tw.
1 1 G. macrophy'llus (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 163.) stems and
petioles hairy ; leaves large, cordate, abruptly acuminated, pube-
rulous; segments of corolla oval-oblong, Ij , '^. F. Native of Ca-
rolina and Virginia, in shady woods. Cynanchum macrophyllura,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 119. Vincetoxicum gonocarpus,
Walt. fl. car. 104. Gonolobus hirsiitus, Lodd. bot. cab. 365,
but not of others. Asclepias gonocarpus, Gmel. syst. p, 446.
Cynanchum macrophjllum, Pars, ench, 1. p. 274. Flowers
dark purple, or dirty yellow.
Large-leaved GonolohviS. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub
twining.
12 G. hirsu'tus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p, 63. Sweet,
fl. gard. 1. 1 .) stems and petioles very hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate,
gradually acuminated, downy on both surfaces; segments of corolla
linear-oblong, obtuse; follicles oblong, muricated. 11. '^. F.
Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in hedges, near rivulets.
Gonolobium hirsutuni, Michx, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 119. Vince-
toxicum acanthocarpus, Walt. fl. carol, p, 104, Asclepias acan-
thocarpos, Gmel, syst, 446, Cynanchum hirsutum. G. echi-
natus, Lodd, cat. Flowers dark purple.
i/o/r?/ Gonolobus, Fl, June, July. Clt. 1806. PI. tw.
13 G, DISCOLOR (Roem, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 63.) stem hairy ;
leaves soft, cordate ; peduncles longer than the petioles, umbel-
late ; corollas of 2 colours : with linear-lanceolate segments.
TJL.'^. F. Native of Virginia and Canada, Cynanchum dis-
color, Sims, bot, mag. t. 1273. Cyn. Virginicum, Herb. Banks.
— Gron. virg. p. 36. ? Nearly allied to G. Carolinensis, and G.
suberosus. Corollas green outside and purple inside.
Z)iico/oMred-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809.
PI. tw.
14 G. HiRTDS (R. Br. 1. c.) stems beset with rufescent hairs ;
T
138
ASCLEPIADEiE. XXXIX. Gonolobus.
leaves ovate-cordate. T^ • "^^ S- Native of America. Cynan-
chum hirtum. Lin. hort. clift^ p. 79. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1256.
— Mor. hist. 3. p. 511. sect. 15. t. 3. f. fil. Stems chinky at
bottom. This is a very doubtful plant. Leaves larger than in
G. suberdsus ; and the flowers are larger and purplish.
Rough Gonolobus. Shrub tw.
15 G. PROSTRA^TUs (R. Br. 1. c.) stems prostrate, downy;
leaves reniformly cordate, acute, tomentose beneath ; umbels
small, few-flowered ; segments of corolla linear, obtuse. 1/ . •
G. Native of Mexico. Cynanchum prostratum, Cav. icon. 1.
p. 5. t. 7. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1257. Corollas green, small.
Peduncles downy, almost the length of the leaves.
Prostrate Gono\oh\is. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. pros-
trate.
16 G. undula'tus (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves oblong,
acuminated, attenuated at the base, undulated ; umbels capitate ;
calycine segments ovate, concave, spreading ; segments of corolla
bluntish, much shorter than the tube. Ij . '^. S. Native near
Carthagena, on Mount de la Popa. Tube of corolla depressedly
globose. Corollas small, cinereous outside, and dirty purple inside.
Undulaled-\eiLvei Gonolobus. Shrub tw.
17 G. ALTissiMus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 65.) stem
tomentose or downy ; leaves cordate, tomentose on both sur-
faces ; umbels dense, capitate ; calycine segments lanceolate,
concave, tomentose outside, length of the tube of the corolla ;
segments of the corolla roundish, flat, obtuse. Ti. '^. S. Native
of woods, about Carthagena. Cynanchum altissimum, Jacq.
amer. 84. t. 87. Vahl, eel 2. p. 23. Corollas dirty purple.
Tallest Gonolobus. Fl.? PI. tw.
18 G. FiLiFORMis (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 65.) gla-
brous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, shining ; umbels globose ;
calycine segments lanceolate, concave, acuminated ; segments of
corolla ovate, acuminated, pilose beneath. 'H..'^. S. Native of
Carthagena, among bushes. Cynanchum filiforme, Jacq. amer.
p. 86. t. 60. f. 1. Cynanchum leucanthum, Jacq. amer. pict. t.
86. Stems filiform, shining. Peduncles twice longer than the
petioles. Flowers very small, white.
Filiform-stemmed Gonolobus. PI. tw.
19 G. a'lbus (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 815.) glabrous ; leaves ovate,
acute, white below ; umbels many-flowered. 1/ . '^. S. Native
of Peru. Asclepias alba, Cav. icon. p. 136. t. 310. Leaves
subcordate, 2 inches long. Umbels sometimes twin. Corollas
whitish-grey, | an inch in diameter.
White- lowered Gonolobus. PI. tw.
20 G. OBTUsiFOLius (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 66.) leaves
roundish-cordate, soft and tomentose beneath. %. ^. S. Na-
tive of South America, Cayenne. ? Asclepias (Gonolobium) ob-
tusifolium, Pers. ench. 1. p. 274'.
Blunt-leaved Gonolobus. PI. tw.
21 G. diadema'tus (Ker. hot. reg. t. 252.) hairy ; leaves ob-
long-cordate ; segments of corolla ovate, furnished with a corona
in the throat. Ij . '^. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers green.
Croronerf Gonolobus. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw.
22 G. OBLiQuus (R. Br. 1. c.) stems hairy ; leaves ovate-cor-
date, villous, acute ; umbels much shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels length of peduncles ; calycine segments narrow-lanceo-
late, acute, villous ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, with
oblique points, and revolute edges, l^. '^. S. Native of Caro-
lina; but the plant has never been met with by Pursh. Cynan-
chum obliquum, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 148. icon. rar. 2. t. 341. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1256. Flowers fetid, an inch in diameter, brownish
purple. Nectarium purplish. Anthers yellow.
06%!(e-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. tw.
23 G. Nuttallia'nus (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 845.) glabrous;
leaves reniformly cordate, acuminated, upon longish petioles,
12
auriculate at the base ; segments of corolla linear-oblong, ob-
lique ; follicles ribbed. %. H. Native on the banks of the
Mississippi, near St. Louis. G. viridiflorus, Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 163. Flowers greenish.
Ntittall's Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. tw.
2t G. UNiFLORUs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 207.
t. 238.) branches and leaves downy; leaves ovate-oblong, much
acuminated at the apex, and sagittately cordate at the base ;
peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, about the length of petioles ;
calycine segments lanceolate, villous ; segments of corolla ob-
liquely ovate-oblong, acuminated, bearded on one side, twice
longer than the calyx. 1? • '^. S. Native near the town of
Mexico. Flowers as large as those of Philadelphus coronario.
Corona in tlie bottom of the corolla, short, annular, undulated.
Very like Cijndnchum dcnticuUUum, Vahl.
One-flonercd GonoXohus. Fl. July. Clt. 1825. Shrub tw.
25 G. ARisTOLOcHioiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 208.) branches downy, and leaves beneath ; leaves ovate,
short-acuminated at top, and deeply cordate at the base ; umbels
many-flowered, hardly exceeding the petioles ; peduncles and
pedicels downy ; calycine segments ovate, acutish ; segments of
corolla ovate-oblong, acute, beardless, 4 times longer than the
calyx. Tj . '^. S. Native of the province of Caraccas, in humid
places, near Guigne, and at Lake Tacaragua. Corolla yellow.
Corona and anthers as in G. rijMriiis.
Arislolochia-like Gonolobus. Fl. March. Shrub tw.
26 G. FLOccosus (Bertol. ex Spreng. syst. add. p. 110.) leaves
cordate, acuminated, tomentose beneath ; flowers glomerate ;
follicles echinated. I^ . '~'. S. Native of Guadaloupe.
Floccose Gonolobus. Shrub twining.
27 G. pauciflorus (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 846.) shrubby, gla-
brous ; branches downy ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; peduncles
usually 3-flowered, axillary. >; . '^. S. Native of Hispaniola,
Feiv-Jioivcred Gonolobus. Shrub twining.
28 G. ripa'rius (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches pilose ;
leaves ovate, acuminated at apex, deeply cordate at base, rather
pilose beneath ; umbels many-flowered ; peduncles and pedicels
downy ; calycine segments oblong-lanceolate ; segments of co-
rolla oblong-acute, beardless, 3 times longer than the calyx.
Tj. ^. S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river
Magdalena, between Mompox and Morales. Corolla green,
with a short, undulately-curled margin.
River-side Gonolobus. Shrub tw.
29 G. barba'tus (H. B. et Kunth. I.
branches downy ; leaves ovate,
acuminated at top, and cordate
at the base, with a wide recess,
glabrous ; umbels many-flower-
ed, about the length of the
leaves ; pedicels glabrous, longer
than the peduncle ; calycine seg-
ments oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nated (f. 17. a); segments of
corolla obliquely ovate, acumi-
nated (f. 17. b. c), bearded on
one side, twice longer than the
calyx. 1? . '^. S. Native of
Mexico, near Campeche. Flowers
as large as those of Periploca
Grce'ca, 5-7 in each umbel. Co-
rona very short, disk-formed,
composed of short, fleshy, bidentate teeth or threads surround-
ing the stamens (f. 17. (/.)
Bearded-Rovieted Gonolobus. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148.
209.
FIG. 17.
239.)
ASCLEPIADEiE. XL. Matelea. XLI. Asclepias.
139
XL. MATE'LEA (meaning not explained by Aublet). Aubl.
guian. 1. p. 277. t. 109. f. 1. R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p.
36. — Hostea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1274.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digy'nia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted.
Stamineous corona saucer-sliaped, lobed. Antliers deliiscing
transversely, terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses fixed by
the exterior extremity, in respect to the cells, covering the
stigma. Stigina flattish, depressed. Follicles ventricose, ribbed.
Seeds naked. — Shrub erect. Leaves opposite, biglandular
above the base. Flowers racemose, lateral.
1 M. PALu'sTRis (Aubl. 1. c.) leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated ;
racemes simple. fj . S. Native of Guiana, in marshy places.
Hostea viridiflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1274. Flowers green.
Marsh IVLitelea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 M. LATiFOLiA (Aubl. 1. c. f. 2.) IcBves ovate-oblong;
flowers axillary. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers green.
Broad-leaved Matelea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Calotropis, p. 147.
Tribe III.
ASCLEPIE';?i. Asclepiadese vera?, part. R. Br. in mem.
wern. soc. 1. p. 21. PollLn masses 10, smooth, 2 appertaining
to each antiier, fixed by pairs to the corpuscles of the stigma by
their tops or beneath their tips, pendulous.
5i 1. Stamineous corona appendiculate, simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets
opposite the anthers, sub-cucullate, seated on the top of the
lube of the filaments, having 5 small segments, one between
each of the larger ones, in the same series. Corolla 5-parted,
reflexed.
XLL ASCLETIAS (from iFsculapius, the god of medicine;
powerful medicinal effects of some species.) R. Br. in mem.
wern. soc. 1. p. 3G. — Asclepias, spec. Lin. Juss. and others.
Lin. sysT. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed.
Corona seated on the upper part of the tube of the filaments (f.
18. a.), 5-leaved ; leaflets cucullate, having a horn-formed
process protruding from the bottom. Anthers terminated
by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, fixed by the taper-
ing tops, pendulous. Stigma depressed, mutic. Follicles
smooth. Seeds comose. — Erect, North American herbs. Leaves
opposite, verticillate, and sometimes alternate. Umbels inter-
])etiolar.
* Leaves opposite.
1 A. Syriaca (Lin. spec. 313. Lam. diet. 1. p. 281.) stems
simple ; leaves lanceolate -oblong or oval, gradually acute, to-
mentose beneath ; umbels drooping. 1/ . H. Native from New
England to Virginia, in fields, and on the banks of rivers, com-
mon. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. l.p. 180. A. Syriaca, /5, lUinensis,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 275. A. pubescens, Moench. A. Apocynum,
Gat. fl. montaub. p. 48. A. obovata, and A. tomentosa, Elliot,
ex Spreng. — Blackw. t. 521. — Plenck, off", t. 255. Flowers in
large, loose umbels, pale purple, sweet scented. The nectaries,
or leaflets of the corona, act as fly-traps. Lamarck has given,
as the native country of this species Syria and Egypt ; and adds,
as a synonyme, the Apocynum erectum latifolium, incanum Syria-
cum ; floribus parvis obsolete purpurascentibus, of Tour. inst.
p. 91 ; as also a singular variety of the same, the Apocynum
majus Syriacum rectum ; caule viridi ; flora axalbido, Tourn.
p. 91.
Syrian Swallow-wort. Clt. 1629. PI. 3 to 5 feet.
2 A. exalta'ta (Lin. amoen. acad. 3, p. 404. spec. 313.
Link. enum. 1. p. 251.) stems downy; leaves oblong, acute, pe-
tiolate, downy on the nerves beneath; umbels drooping? pe-
dicels, elongated ; horns of corona elongated. Ij-.H. Native
of North America. A. Syriaca, /3, exaltita, Willd. spec. 1. p.
1265. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 69. A. connivens, Baldw. Corolla
purplish outside, and white inside. Horns of corona white, in-
curved, longer than the corolla.
£a:a/;erf Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
3 A. PHYTOLACCOIDES (Lyon, ex Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p.
180.) stems erect, simple ; leaves broad-ovate-oblong, acute, gla-
brous, paler beneath ; umbels lateral and terminal, solitary, on
long peduncles, drooping. 1/ . H. Native of Virginia and
Carolina, on the mountains ; as well as on the banks of the Platte
and Arkansas. Stem spotted with purple. Leaves large, with
a purple midrib. Corolla green ; corona white, with truncate
leaflets. — Gron. virg. p. 38.
Phytolacca-lihe Swallow- wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
4 A. SPECIOSA (Torrey, in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 218.)
plant clothed with fine tomentum ; leaves ovate, cordate, obtuse,
on short petioles ; umbels axillary, and terminal, solitary ; leaf-
lets of corona erect, lanceolate, 3 times longer than tlie gynoste-
gium, bluntish, bidentate inside, at the base. \2 . H. Native
of North America, on the banks of the Canadian river. Flowers
twice as large as those of Ascl. Syriaca, pale purple ?. Calycine
segments lanceolate, spreading. Segments of corolla oblong, re-
flexed, obtuse. Horns of corona short, incurved, compressed.
Showy Swallow-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
5 A. de'bilis (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 116.) smoothish ;
stems weak, erect, simple ; leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate,
acute at both ends, membranous ; umbels terminal and axillary,
loose-flowered; pedicels capillary. ]!/ . H. Native from New
York to Carolina ; in shady, rocky situations, near rivulets.
Flowers white. Leaves large. The fibres of the stem produce
a kind of flax, as all the rest of the species do, but far superior,
being of a beautiful silky gloss, and extreme strength.
Weak Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 ft.
6 A. PAKViFLORA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 307.) leaves lanceo-
late, acuminated, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; umbels late-
ral, solitary; stems suffruticose, erect. %. H. Native of
Carolina and Florida, in sandy fields. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 180. Jacq. eclog. t. 28. A. perennis, Walt. fl. carol, p. 107.
Flowers small, white.
Small-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 A. polysta'chya (Walt. fl. car. p. 107.) leaves lanceolate,
smooth, petiolate ; stems suffruticose ; umbels lateral and ter-
minal. % . H. Native of Carolina. This plant is not men-
tioned by Pursh ; but is probably the same as A. parviflora.
Many-s]}iked SwaWow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI,
2 to 3 feet.
8 A. Curassa'vica (Lin. spec. FIG. 18.
314.) stem simple, seldom a
little branched ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, tapering at both ends,
glabrous ; umbels erect, soli-
tary, lateral. ^ . S. Native of
Curassoa, Essequibo, Cumana,
Trinidad, and now found in most
parts of tropical America. Meyer,
Ess. p. 138. Lodd. bot.cab.349.
Ker. bot. reg. 81. A. bicolor,
Monch.— Sloan, hist. 2. t. 129.
—Dill. elth. 34. t. 30. f. 33.
— Herra. par. t. 36. ? Stem
rather downy. Flowers of a
reddish-orange colour, or scar-
let. Follicles muricated with scattered teeth, ex Lam. The
T 2
140
ASCLEPIADEjE. XLI. Asclepias.
roots have been sent to England as Ipecacuanha. The juice of
the plant, made into a syrup, is said to be a powerful anthelmin-
tic; it is given to children in the West Indies, for that pur-
pose, from a tea to table-spoonful. The juice, and pounded
plant, is said to be an excellent styptic. The root, dried and re-
duced to powder, is frequently used by the negroes as an emetic,
and hence its name of Wild or Bastard Ipecacuanha, (f. 18.)
Var. /3, albiflora ; flowers white.
Var. 7, rambsa; stem branched at top, divaricated.
N.B. — What is A. Curassamca, Lour. coch. 170, of which he
says, that the stems are simple and twining, the leaves opposite ;
the flowers pale, and disposed in lateral, erect umbels ; the fol-
licles ventricose and conical ; the seeds ovate, compressed,
curved, and comose. A native near Canton, in China.
Curassoa Swallou-wort, or Bastard Ipecacuanha. Fl. Ju.
Sept. Clt. 1692. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
9 A. NivEA (Lin. spec. 313.) stems simi)le ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, smoothish ; umbels erect, terminal, solitary. 2/ . H.
Native from Virginia to Carolina, on the banks of rivers, in
sandy and gravelly soil. Sims, bot. mag. 1187. — Dill. elth. 33.
t, 29. f. 32. Flowers white, ex Pursh. Corolla green, pur-
plish outside, with white nectaries, ex Lin. Stem nodose, pu-
berulous. Leaves tomentose beneath, ex Sims, 1. c. Very like
A. Curassdvica.
Snowy-Qowered Swallow-uort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1730.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
10 A. virga'ta (Balb. in cat. taur. 1813. p. 14.) stems erect,
simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; umbels erect, late-
ral, solitary : and terminal, twin. % . H. Native of America.
Very like A. nivea, but differs in the colour of the flowers.
Flouers white.
^'""'g-^y Swallow-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft.
11 A. incauna'ta (Lin. spec. 31 4.) stem erect, branched and
tomentose at top ; leaves lanceolate, rather woolly on both sur-
faces ; umbels numerous, usually twin ; horns of corona exserted.
!{.. H. Native from Canada to Virginia, in swamps, and on
river banks, common. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 115.
Pursh, 1. p. 181. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 107. Ker. bot. reg. 250.
Corn. can. 9. t. 93. Flowers red, or purplish.
Flesh-coloured-dowered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1710. PI. 2 feet.
12 A. pu'lchra (Ehrh. ex Willd. enum. p. 278.) stem divided
at top ; leaves lanceolate ; umbels erect, twin ; horns of corona
exserted. T^.H. Native of North America. A. incarnata, /3,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1267. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 181.
Flowers red, or purple. This plant is said, by Pursh, to be
more hairy than A. incarnata, but in every other respect no
wise different. Sometimes the leaves are quite glabrous, and
only downy in those on the upper part of the stem, as in it. But
Willdenow says it is a very distinct species, and remains so in
cultivation ; the leaves are shorter, and a little broader,
downy beneath, as well as the top of the stem and branches.
/'oJr Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 2 feet.
ISA. ciTRiFOLiA (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 290. icon. rar. t. 343.)
stems erect, simple, rather hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute,
repandiy undulated, glaucous, and minutely hairy beneath, firm ;
umbels terminal and lateral, solitary, hemispherical. If. H.
Native of America. Root thick, fleshy. Leaves 4 inches long.
Flowers white, size and form of those of A. Curassdvica.
Orange-leaved SiNsiWovi-viort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 foot.
14 A. amce'na (Lin. spec. 313.) stems simple, with 2 rows of
down ; leaves almost sessile, oblong-oval, downy beneath ; um-
bels terminal, and are, as well as the foliola of corona, erect ;
appendages of corona exserted, red. If.H. Native from New-
England to Virginia, in wet meadows, on the edges of woods
and ditches. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 118. Pursh. 1. p.
181. A. compressa, Monch. — Dill. elth. t. 27. f. 30. Flowers
beautiful, purple. Habit of .^. .S'j/riaca. Leaves white beneath,
large, with a purple middle nerve, ex Dill.
Pleasant Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
15 A. purpura'scens (Lin. spec. 313.) stem simple, rather
hairy at top ; leaves ovate, villous beneath ; umbels erect ;
foliola of corona resupinate. 7/ . H. Native of Virginia and
Carolina, in shady swamps. — Dill. elth. t. 28. f. 31. Flowers
purple. Habit of /^. iS'!/)(«ca. Stem brownish green at bottom.
Leaves large, with a purplish middle nerve. Petals herbaceous,
striped with purple at the base, ex Dill.
Piirpl'tsh-doviered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
16 A. vakiega'ta (Lin. spec. 312.) stem simple, erect; leaves
ovate, petiolate, wrinkled, naked ; umbels almost sessile ; pedi-
cels tomentose. %.. H. Native from New York to Carolina,
on dry, sunny hills, on the borders of woods. Sims, bot. mag.
1182. — Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 1. Flowers in dense umbels, very
handsome ; petals and foliola of corona white ; fructification
red. A. hybrida, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 115. "Stem
simple, rather tomentose ; leaves petiolate, oval, minutely pube-
rulous ; umbels leafless, terminal." Michx. 1. c. Stems varie-
gated with purple.
Variegated-hoviexeA. Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1597. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
17 A. OBTUSIFOLIA (Miclix. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 115.) leaves
stem-clasping, oblong-roundish, obtuse, waved ; umbels termi-
nal, solitary, on long peduncles, many-flowered, glabrous ; horns
or appendages of corona exserted. If . H. Native of from New
Jersey to Carolina, on the banks of rivers ; in sandy, barren
soils, along the Platte, on the Missouri, ex Torrey, in ann. lye.
new york, 2. p. 217. A. purpurascens, Walt. fl. car. p. 105.
Flowers large, purple. Perhaps the same plant as Gonolobus
ohtusifoUus.
Var. /3, latifoUa (Torrey, in ann. lye. new york. 2. p. 217.)
leaves broad-obovate, obtuse, ending in a short mucrone, cordate
at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, with flat edges ; umbels
almost sessile, axillary ; leaflets of corona cucullate, about equal
in length to the gynostegium, bidentate ; horns of corona ex-
serted. %. H. Native of North America, on the banks of the
Canadian river. Leaves 4 inches long, and 3 broad. Flowers
rather smaller than in the species. Calycine segments lanceo-
late, acute. Corolla reflexed, pale greenish purple. Perhaps a
proper species.
Blunt-leaved 'S)Viai\ovi-\sott. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
ISA. melliodora (St. Hil. ex Spreng. syst. addenda, p. 110.)
stem simple, erect ; leaves petiolate, linear, elongated, acute,
downy beneath ; umbels lateral, many-flowered. Tf . F. Native
of Brazil, on the banks of the Rio Grande.
Honey-scented Swallow-wort. PI.
19 A. acumina'ta (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 182.) stems
erect, glabrous, simple ; leaves ovate, sub-cordate, acuminated,
on short petioles: superior ones sessile; umbels lateral, soli-
tary, erect. % . H. Native from New Jersey to Florida, in deep
cedar swamps, and on the banks of rivers. A. cordata, Walt. fl.
car. p. 105. A. periplocasfolia, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 106.
Leaves glabrous, but rough on the edges, acute. Flowers red
and white. Roots very large, resembling those of A. tuberbsa.
Horns of corona inclosed.
Acuminatcd-\ea.\eil Swallow-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1826.
PI. 2 feet.
20 A. LAURiFoLiA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 117.) stems
erect, glabrous ; leaves almost sessile, oval-lanceolate, gradually
ASCLEPIADEiE. XLI. Ascleitas.
141
narrowed, very acute, glabrous, roughisli above, on the edges.
1^. H. Native of Georgia, on the river Athairaha. Flowers
purple. Allied to A. amce'na.
Laurcl-lcaved Swallow-wort. Fl. July. PI. 2 feet.
21 A. cine'rea (Walt. fl. carol, p. 105. Gniel.syi^t. 5. p. 446.)
stems erect, simple, with an alternating downy line ; leaves
nearly linear, smooth, with revolute edges ; umbels lateral, few-
flowered ; horns of corona inclosed. 1/. H. Native of Caro-
lina. Ensl^nia cinerea, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 850. Flowers white.
This species is placed between A. acuminata, and A.pauper-
cula, by Walt., but is not mentioned by Pursh.
Grey Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot.
22 A. rubricau'lis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 3. p.
148.) stems erect, simple, reddish, downy at top ; leaves nearly
sessile, erect, linear, with revolute edges, nerved, glabrous. %.
F. Native of Mexico, on the declivities of mountains, near La
Vente del Perigrino. Umbels many-flowered. Flowers white,
a little larger than those of A. galioides ; segments of corolla
oblong-elliptic, flat, sub-emarginate. Appendages of corona ex-
serted. The revolute edges of the leaves of this species, and the
two following, are perhaps occasioned by drying, and are, there-
fore, probably flat in the recent state.
Red-stemmed Swallow-wort. Fl. April. PI. \ to 1 foot.
23 A. rosea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 189.)
stems erect, almost simple, downy at top ; leaves erectish,
linear, 1 -nerved, with revolute edges, puberulous above, and
clothed with hoary down beneath; umbels 15-flowered. 11. G.
Native of Mexico, near the town of Chilpancinga. Flowers
structure and size of those oi A. rubricaulis, but rose-coloured ;
and the appendages of the corona rather shorter.
2?oic-coloured-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1824. PI. I to 1 foot.
24 A. LiNiFOLiA(Hort. madr. ex H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 190.)
stem suftVuticose ?, branches having a downy line on one side
only ; leaves on very short petioles, spreading, linear or lanceo-
late, acute, with rather revolute edges, veiny, membranous, gla-
brous ; umbels about 10-flowered; peduncles downy on one
side ; appendages of corona hardly exserted. %. G. Native
of Mexico, between the city and Chapollepeque. A. sali-
cifblia, Lodd. bot. cab. 272. Flowers white, size of those of ^.
nicea.
Flax-leaved Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
25 A. glauce'scens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 190.) stems
erect, simple, glabrous ; leaves on very short petioles, linear-
oblong, acute, somev\hat cordate, flat, veiny, thickish, glabrous ;
glaucescent beneath ; umbels interpetiolar and terminal. 1/ . G.
Native of New Spain, betwixt Acapulco and La Vente de la
Moxonera. Leaves Sj inches long. Interpetiolar umbels soli-
tary, and the terminal ones twin ? Flowers size of those of A.
Syrlaca, sweet-scented. Pedicels and peduncles downy. Co-
rollas white ; appendages of the corona sublunate, compressed,
a little exserted. Follicles hairy or downy in the immature state.
Glaucescent-\ez\eA Swallow-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * Leaves verticillate.
26 A. auADRiFoLiA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 183.) stems
erect, simple, glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, petiolate ;
those in the middle of the stem larger, and 4 in a whorl, the rest
opposite ; umbels twin, terminal, loose-flowered ; pedicels fili-
form, i;. H. Native from New York to Virginia, on lime-
stone rocks. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 33. Lodd. bot. cab. 1258.
Flowers small, sweet-scented, with white petals, and red nec-
taries.
Fou(-/cfli'ctZ Swallow-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1 foot.
27 A. verticilla~ta (Lin. spec. 315.) stems erect, often
branched, having a downy line on one side ; leaves very narrow,
linear, thick, quite glabrous, usually verticillate, but sometimes
scattered; appendages of corona exserted. 'l^.H. Native from
New Jersey to Carolina ; and on the upper part of the Arkansas.
Michx. fl. bor. 1. p. 116. Pursh, 1. p. 183. Lodd. bot. cab.
1067.— Pluk. mant. t. 336. f. 4. Corollas with yellowish
green petals and white nectaries.
rerticillate-]eaved Swallow- wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759.
PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
28 A. Me.vica'na (Cav. icon. 1. p. 42. t. 58.) stems erect ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges ; lower ones 4-6 in
a whorl : upper ones 3 in a whorl, or opposite ; umbels many-
flowered. If.. G. Native of Mexico. Follicles furrowed.
Livolucrum of many short leaves. Corollas white, size of those
of A. n'lvea. It differs from A. verticilliita, in the leaves being
much broader, and in the flowers being larger.
Mea;?enn Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
29 A. GALIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, amer. S. p. 148.)
stem shrubby, branched, furnished with 4 rows of hairs ; leaves
4 in a whorl, almost sessile, erect, linear, with revolute edges, 1-
nerved, glabrous ; appendages of corona awl-formed, and ex-
serted. H . G. Native of New Spain, in temperate parts, be-
tween Valladolid de Mechoacan, and Lake Cuiseo. Leaves 2^
inches long. Flowers size of those of A. n'lvea, white. Follicles
solitary from abortion. Umbels about 10-flovvered.
Galium-like Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub.
* * * Leaves alternate or scattered.
30 A. lina'ria (Cav. icon. 1. p. 42. t. 57.) stem shrubby?
branched?; leaves scattered, approximate, sessile, linear, fili-
form, acutely mucronate, with revolute edges, smooth, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. Ili2 ; " leaves linear, subulate,
channelled ; umbels pedunculate, drooping, lateral, many-
flowered," Cav. 1. c. y . G. Native of Mexico, at Chalco, and
elsewhere. Flowers white. Appendages of corona clavate, ex
Cav. ; small, horn-formed, ex Kunth ; corona yellowish. Branches
downy, ex Kunth. Kunth's character of this plant does not
exactly agree with that of Cavanilles.
LinaWa-leaved Swallow-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1802. PI. 2 ft.
31 A. armata (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849.) stem suflTruticose,
beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous ;
peduncles cymose, lateral ; horns exserted. Fj . S. Native of
New Granada, Bertero.
^rmerf-stemmed Swallow-wort. Shrub erect.
32 A. lanuginosa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
193.) stem simple ? ; leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate,
rounded at the base, woolly on both surfaces, white beneath ; um-
bels extra-axillary and terminal, sometimes proliferous ; appen-
dages of corona inclosed. % . G. Native of Mexico, between
Cassava and Pachuca. Herb fetid. Peduncles woolly. Plant
downy at top. Flowers about the size of those of A. Curassd-
vica, white ; segments emarginate.
Woolly Swallow-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
33 A. ru'bra (Lin. spec. 316.) leaves alternate, ovate, acu-
minated ; umbels compound ; stem erect, simple. !<;. H. Na-
tive of Virginia. Gron. virg. 27. Flowers red.
/?erf-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
34 A. TUBERosA (Lin. spec. 316.) stems erectish, divaricately
branched at top, very hairy ; leaves scattered, oblong-lanceolate,
hairy; umbels disposed in a terminal, sub-corymb. %. H.
Native of North America, in stony, sandy fields, and woods,
common. Pursh, 1. p. 184. Ker. bot. reg. 76. Lodd. bot.
14:
ASCLEPIADE^. XLI. Asclepias.
cab. 1297.- Dill. elth. t. 30. f. 31. Flowers very showy;
corolla and corona bright orange ; fructification yellow. Um-
bels disposed as if they were in a terminal corymb.
Tuberous-tooted Swallow-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
35 A. uecu'mbens (Mill. diet. no. 10. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1218.) stems decumbent, hairy ; leaves lanceolate, very hairy;
umbels lateral. 1/. H. Native of Carolina, in barren fields.
A. tuberosa, ft. decumbens, Pursh, 1. p. 184. Flowers showy ;
having the petals and nectaries bright orange-coloured ; and
the fructification yellow. " Leaves ovate, obtuse, almost sessile,
villous ; stem decumbent, hairy." Gron. virg. 27.
Decumbent Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI.
decumbent.
t S2'ecies not sufficiently known.
36 A. VANILLA (Rafin. in amer. month, journ. 4. nov. 1818. p.
39.) stem simple, downy at top ; leaves opposite, lanceolate,
downy at the base, glabrous, ciliated ; umbels axillary, erect,
l^.. H. Native of Kentucky, on the banks of the green river.
Flowers lilac, having the smell of Vanilla.
Fa)H7/a-scented Swallow-wort. PI. ?
37 A. ? Klaprothia'na (Roem. et Schuites, syst. 6. p. 82.)
leaves opposite, oblong, acuminated, downy beneath ; umbels
axillary, few-flowered. %. H. Native of North America,
Klaproth. A. acuminata, Willd. reliq. mss. ex Roem. et
Schuites, 1. c.
Klaproth's Swallow-wort. PI. ?
38 A. ? repa'nda (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 445. ex Schuites, 1. c.)
leaves revohuely-repand, hairy. If.. H. Native of? Leaves
opposite, " ith revolute edges.
Bepnnd-leiived Swallow-wort. PI.
39 A. lu'tea (Rafin. journ. bot. 1. p. 229.) leaves petiolate,
oblong, acute, narrowed at the base ; umbels erect ; petals pro-
cumbent : horns furnished with a subulate appendage. %. H.
Native of Philadelphia.
Yellow Swallow-wort. PI. ?
40 A.? margarata'cea (Hoffmansegg in Willd. reliq. mss.
ex Schuites, syst. 6. p. 86.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, glabrous ; stem simple ; umbels erect, lateral,
solitary. ©. S. Native of Brazil.
Pearl-ftowered Swallow-wort. PI.
41 A.? trunca'ta (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 13, Link. enum.
1. p. 252.) leaves petiolate, opposite, cordate-oblong, acumin-
ated, quite glabrous, whitish beneath. Vj . S. Native country
unknown. The flowers of this plant have not been seen.
Truncate Swallow-wort. Clt. ? Shrub.
■j- -j- Plants referred to Asclepias by authors, but none of them
evidently belong to the genus. Leaves of all opposite.
42 A. mucrona^ta (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap.' 2. p. 155.)
stems erect, herbaceous, hairy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, mucro-
nate, glabrous ; umbels axillarj'. If.- G- Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, beyond Kamton's river, and near Krum river.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves; pedicels downy.
Mucronate-\ea\ed Swallow-wort. PI. 1 foot.
43 A. convolvuia'cea (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1269.) stem twin-
ing ; leaves roundish-cordate, rather pilose as well as the
stems : lobes distant ; umbels compound. }j . ^.S. Native of
Guinea. Very like A. fcetida. Common peduncles longer
than the leaves, pilose.
Convolvulus-tike Swallow- wort. Shrub tw.
44 A. FiLiFORMls (Lin. suppl. 169. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47.
fl. cap. 2. p. 154.) stem erect ; leaves filiform, glabrous; umbels
lateral, on long peduncles, 5-6-flowered, length of leaves.
%. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Krum river.
Margins of leaves revolute. Follicle solitary, elliptic. This
and Cyndnchum fliforme and Apocynum filiforme are probably
one and the same plant.
Filiform Swallow-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
45 A. GRAMiNEA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 283.) stem branched;
leaves linear, grassy, glabrous, with revolute edges ; horns of
corona erect, mucronate. %. S. Native of the East Indies.
Stem rather angular. Leaves an inch long. Corolla white,
with undulated edges. Calyx villous outside.
Grassy-\ea.ved Swallow-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
46 A. spira'lis (Forsk. aegypt. p. 49. no. 66.) stem shrubby ;
leaves petiolate, oval-oblong ; flowers solitary, axillary ; petals
linear, spiral, hairy inside ; corona of 5 ovate, erect leaflets,
white. h . G. Native of Arabia Felix, on the road to Djalia
and Meneira, among Pdnicum dichotomum. Segments of calyx
linear-lanceolate. Corolla spreading, with greenish yellow
segments, and white corona. Stigma operculate. Follicles
edible. Shrub not milky.
/SpMY/Z-petalled Swallow-wort. Shrub.
47 A.cane'scens (Willd. nov. act. am. nat. cur. 3. p. 418.)
stems ascending at top, but procumbent at the base, downy ;
leaves ovate, veiny, acute, downy ; umbels few-flowered, axil-
lary, on short peduncles ; follicles ovate, acuminated, downy.
%. H. Native of Cappadocia and Galatia. Asclepias orien-
talis, fiore viridi, Tourn. cor. 2.— Buxb. cent. 3. p. 17. t. 30,
Flowers green.
Canescent Swallow-wort. PI. procumbent.
48 A. parviflora (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. mss. ex
Schuites, syst. 6. p. 82.) stems scandent ; branches fascicled ;
leaves elliptic ; flowers solitary, terminal. Ij • '^. S. Native
of South America.
Small-flowered Swallow-wort. Shrub tw.
49 A. clusi;ef6lia (Horsfield, in Willd. rel. mss. ex Schuites,
syst. 6. p. 82.) leaves obovate, fleshy : umbels axillary ; stems
twining. f; . '"'. S. Native of Java.
Clusia-leaved Swallow-wort. Shrub tw.
50 A. FERRuoiNEA (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. mss. ex
Schuites, syst. 6. p. 83.) clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves ovate-
cordate ; stems twining ; umbels axillary. ^ . '^. S. Native
of Caraccas.
Rusty Swallow-wort. Shrub tw.
51 A. FoRSKffi'Lii (Schuites, syst. 6. p. 85.) twining ; corolla
campanulate, green, twisted ; petals linear. %.V{. Native of
Arabia Felix, at Lohaja. A. nivea, Forsk. segypt. 51. no. 73.
A. nivalis, Gmel. syst. p. 444.
ForskceVs Swallow-wort. PI. tw.
52 A. macrophy'lla (Hutnb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. mss.
ex Schuites, syst. 6. p. 86.) stems twining ; leaves elliptic-cor-
date, acute ; umbels nearly sessile. Ij . '^. S. Native at Cu-
mana.
Long-leaved Swallow-wort. Shrub tw.
53 A. cYNANCHoiuES (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; umbels terminal. fj . '^. S. Na-
tive of Caraccas.
Cynanchum-like Swallow-wort. Shrub tw.
54 A. hasta'ta (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 117.)
stems twining, glabrous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, hastately
cordate, acuminated, rather hispid above, and smoothish be-
neath, the basilar lobes rounded : umbels axillary, pedunculate,
many-flo'vered. 1/ . '^. G. Native of China, on the mountains
of Zui-wey-scan. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Perhaps a
species of Dcemia. ?
Hastate-ha\ed Swallow-wort. PI. tw.
Cult. Asclepias is a genus of extremely handsome border
flowers. They thrive best in peat earth, or light rich soil :
they are generally increased by dividing at the root in spring,
ASCLEPIADEiE. XLII. Polyotus. XLIII. Enslenia. XLIV. Gomphocarpus.
U3
and sometimes by seeds. Rare or scarce species should always
be grown in peat soil, and have a little protection during severe
frost by mulching the roots. The greeniiouse and stove species
require the same treatment as other common stove and green-
house plants.
XLII. POLYO'TUS (from iruXvg, polys, many, and ovq mtoc,
ous otos, an ear ; leaflets of corona auriculate at the base).
Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans, vol. 5. new ser. p. 199. — Ace-
rates, Elliott. — Asclepias species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndr'ia, Digyn'ta. Corolla rotate, 5-parted,
reflexed. Corona simple, 5-parted ; segments ovate, concave,
without any horn-formed process inside, auriculate at the base.
Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed,
pendulous, fixed by their tapering apices. Stigma depressed,
mutic. Follicles smooth or villous. Seeds comose. — Erect
herbs. Leaves scattered, or nearly opposite. Umbels inter-
petiolar or terminal.
1 P. heterophy'llus (Nutt. 1. c.) erect, villous ; leaves op-
posite, oblong-ovate, generally acute ; umbels globose, inter-
petiolar ; corona nearly equal to the gynostegium in height.
%. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, in dry fields,
ex Pursh ; and of the Arkansas territory, from Fort Smith to
Red River. Asclepias viridifl6ra, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 181. Gom-
phocarpus viridiflorus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849. Ascl. lanceo-
lata, Juss. Corolla greenish, with yellowish green corona.
Umbels nearly sessile.
Var. ji, lanceolata ; leaves from oval to ovate-lanceolate,
flat or undulated, downy or smooth. 1/ . H. Found at New
Haven. Corolla greenish, with a brownish corona.
Variable-leai-ed Polyotus. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
2 P. LANUGiNosus (Nutt. 1. c. p. 200.) decumbcHt, hairy ;
leaves ovate, scattered ; umbels generally solitary, terminal.
"il. H. Native of the Arkansas territory, below the confluence
of the White river with the Missouri. Asclepias lanuginosus,
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 168. Asclepias Nuttallikna, Torrey. in
ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 217. Root tuberous. Stem 4-6
inches liigh. Flowers greenish. A doubtful species, which
requires to be examined in a living state.
Woolly Polyotus. PI. | foot, decumbent.
3 P. LONGiFOLius (Nutt. 1. c.) puberulous ; stems erectish ;
leaves scattered, long-linear, acute ; umbels interpetiolar, pe-
dunculate ; corona stipitate, shorter than the gynostegium ;
follicles villous. 1/ . H. Native from Illinois and Missouri to
Red river, on the margins of ponds ; and in places overflowed
by rain in winter. It is also to be found in swamps near the
Atlantic sea coast ; from Sussex county and Delaware to
Georgia. Asclepias longifolia, Miclix. fl. bor. amer. 1.
t. 116. Acerates longifolia. Ell. sketch, hot. p. 317. As-
clepias incarnata, Walt. fl. car. p. 106. Ascl. floridana. Lam.
diet. 1. p. 284. A. paupercula, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 167.
Gomphocarpus longifolium, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849. Umbels
loose, nearly globose. Leaves 6 inches long, and -I an inch
broad, downy beneath. Flowers small, greenish ; petals tipped
with obscure purple. Segments of corona oblong, concave,
with a purplish line near the base. Fructification yellow.
Long-leaved ?o\yo\.u%. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
4 P. ANGUSTiFOLius (Nutt. 1. c. p. 201 .) Stems erect ; leaves
linear, nearly opposite ; umbels interpetiolar, nearly sessile ;
corona rather longer than the gynostegium, sessile ; leaflets of
corona tridentate at the apex. %.. \\. Native of the Arkansas
territory, in dry prairies, from Fort Smith to the Red River.
Stems naked at bottom. Leaves somewhat revolute and scabrous
on the edges, acute. Umbels 3-4- 8- flowered. Flowers greenish,
with a mixture of white. Leaflets of corona concave and auri-
culate below : having the central tooth of each small. This
species is nearly allied to Gomphocarpus and Asclepias, par-
ticularly to Ascl. cinirea.
Narrow-leaved Polyotus. PI. Ij foot.
5 P. obova'tus (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves obovate, mucronate, to-
mentose beneath; umbels almost sessile; corona twice as long
as the gynostegium. % . H. Native of Georgia. Asclepias
obovata. Ell. sketch, p. 321. Flowers greenish.
ObovateAeaved Polyotus. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Asclepias, above.
XLIII. ENSLE'NIA (so named after Aloysius Enslen, an as-
siduous and practical botanist, patronized in his researches in the
United States by Prince Lichtenstein). Nutt. gen. amer. 1 . p.
164. and in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 203.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Dlgynia. Corolla 5-parted, erect.
Corona simple, 5-parted, petaloid, flat, truncate : the segments
ending in a bifid thread. Stigma conical, sub-bilamellate. The
rest as in Asclepias. — A twining herb. Leaves opposite.
Flowers umbellate.
1 E. a'lbida (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. c. amer. phil. soc. trans.
1. c). %.'^. H. Native near Foit Smith, and other places
along the banks of the Arkansas; found also on the banks of
the Potomac, Scioto and Ohio, &c.
W hitish-^owereA Enslenia. PI. tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Asclepias, above.
XLIV. GOMPHOCA'RPUS (from yof^poQ, gomphos,s. club,
and t:ap7roe, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the ventricose fol-
licles). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 37. — Asclepias species,
Lin. and Tlumb.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Digynia. Corolla 5-parted, re-
flexed. Corona seated on the top of the tube of the filaments ;
5-leaved ; foliola cucullate, furnished with a tooth on both sides,
empty inside. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses compressed, fixed by their tapering tops, pendulous.
Stigma depressed, mutic. Follicles ventricose, echinated by
soft spines. Seeds comose. — Erect shrubs or subshrubs, na-
tives of South Africa. Leaves opposite, with usually revolute
edges. Umbels interpetiolar.
1 G. asbore'scens (R. Br. 1. c. p. 38. and in Hon. kevv.
ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 79.) stem villous, branched ; leaves ovate-
oblong, glabrous, with an acumen. h . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Asclepias arborescens, Lin. mant. 216.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1271. Tliunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 156. Jacq.
schoenbr. 1. p. 25. t. 50. Asclepias crassifolia, Hort. par.
Asclepias pubescens, Lin. inant. 215. exclusive of the synonymes
which belong to G. crispa. — Burm. afr. 31. t. 13. — Pluk.
amalth. 18. t. 359. f. 3. Peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes
villous. Corollas white, glabrous.
Arborescent Gomphocarpus. Fl. Dec. Clt 1714. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
2 G. I'RUTicosus (R. Br. 1. c.) stem downy ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, glabrous. f; . G, Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, beyond the first range of mountains, abundant. Sims,
bot. mag. 1628. Asclepias frutitosa, Lin. spec. 313. Thunb.
fl. cap. 2. p. 154. A. glabra, Mill. diet. no. 12. fig. 45. Apo-
cynum salicifolium. Medic, act. pari. — Herm. par. 23. t. 24.
Plukn. aim. 36. t. 138. f. 2. — Asclepias crassifolia, Lin. syst.
p. 214. Branches slender. Leaves 4-5 inches long and an
inch broad. Flowers white. Peduncles and pedicels downy.
.S/i)«i6!/ Gomphocarpus. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1714. Sh.
5 to 7 feet.
3 G. SETOSUS (R. Br. 1. c.) branches villous ; leaves glabrous.
Pj . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Asclepias setosus, Vahl,
symb. 1. p. 23. t. 8. Forsk. desc. p. 51. Leaves an inch
144 ASCLEPIADEiE. XLIV. Gomphocakpus. XLV. Otaria. XLVI. Oxystelma. XLVII. Iphisia.
long. Peduncles and pedicels villous. Flowers green. Fol-
licles bristly.
Bristly Gompliocarpus. Shrub.
4 G. CRisPLs(R. Br. 1. c.) branches downy; leaves lanceo-
late-cordate, undulated, hispid. I; . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Asdepias crispa, Lin. suppl. 170. mant. 215.
Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 154.— Commel. rar. t. 17.
— Pluk. phyt. t. 139. f. 1.— Mor. hist. sect. 15. t. 3. f. ST.
Peduncles and calyxes pilose. Flowers greenish yellow. Lam.
Umbels solitary, terminal, pedunculate, purple, ex Lm.
CM»-Zc(/-leaved Goraphocarpus. Fl. July. Clt. 1714. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
5 G. ANGUSTiFOLius (Link, enum. 1. p. 251.) stem erect,
downy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, glabrous. Tj . G. Na-
tive of Mexico. Asclepias angustifolia, Willd. enum. 13.
Schidtes, syst. 6. p. 70. Asclepias linearis, Hort. Leaves 2
inches long. Umbels dense, terminal, or nearly so. Corolla
small, flesh-coloured or white.
Narrow-leaved Gomphocarpus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cull. These are very elegant shrubs when m blossom.
They are of easy culture, growing most freely in a light soil ;
and are increased by seed, which ripen in abundance.
XLV. GTA'RIA (from ovq wtocous otos, an ear ; the leaves
of the corona are biauriculate at the base). Kuntli, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 149. — Asclepias auriculata, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynui. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla 5-parted, reflexed. Corona 5-leaved, seated on the upper
part of the tube of the filaments ; leaflets cucullate, each run-
ning from the bottom into a horn-formed process, biauriculate
on the inside at the base. Anthers terminated by a membrane ;
pollen masses compressed, fixed by the tapering apices, pen-
didous. Stigma concave, mutic. — An erect, herbaceous plant.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, reticulately veined, membranous.
Umbels interpetiolar. Flowers greenish yellow.
1 O. AURICULATA. % . G. Native of Mexico, near Ario,
in groves. Asclepias auriculata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 149. t. 228. Branches terete, downy. Leaves
oblong, acute, rounded at the base, flat, membranous, glabrous.
Umbels involucrated by many downy bracteas. Style pilose
at top.
Auricled Otaria. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gomphocdrjms, above.
XLVL OXYSTE'LMA (from o^vc, oxys, sharp, and (rrtX^o,
stelma, a crown ; in reference to the foliola of corona being
acute). R.Br, in wern. mem. 1. p. 40. prod. fl. nov. holl.
p. 462. — Periploca species, Roxb.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digijiiia. Corolla rotate, spreading.
Column exserted. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets acute,
undivided. Anthers terminated by a membrane. Pollen mas-
ses compressed, fixed by their attenuated apices, pendulous.
Stigma mntic. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — SutFruticose,
twining, glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. Racemes or um-
bels interpetiolar.
1 O. escule'ntum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
veiny, smooth ; racemes longer than the leaves ; corolla fringed
with hairs ; follicles oblong, acuminated. If.. '^. S. Native
of the East Indies, in hedges, and amongst bushes on the banks
of water courses. Periploca esculenta, Lin. suppl. 168. Roxb.
cor. 1. p. 13. t. 11. Asclepias rosea, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 40.
— Pluk. aim. 19. t. 359. f. G. Root composed of filiform
fibres. Leaves deciduous during the dry season, 4-6 inches
lon^. Flowers large, beautiful white, with a tinge of rose
colour. Roxburgh does not find that the natives ever eat any
part of this plant ; but cattle, hovrever, eat it. It is the
Dooghdika of the Sanscrit, see Jones, asiat. res. 4. p. 268.
E sculent Oy.ys.ie\ma.. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw.
2 O. Wallichii (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 54.) leaves
narrow, linear -lanceolate ; margins of corolla ciliated; follicles
short, oval, obtuse. fj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, on
the banks of the Ganges and Irawaddi ; and of the province of
Tanjore, near Pathacottah. This is very nearly allied to O.
esculentum, only differing in the sharper and shorter follicles.
Wallich's Oxystelma. Shrub tw.
3 O. CARNOSUM (R. Br. prod. 462.) leaves fleshy, suboval,
mucronate, glabrous ; fascicles of flowers umbel-formed, pe-
dunculate ; segments of corolla linear. Pj . '^. S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic. This species differs consider-
ably from the rest, both in the form of the corolla, and in that
of its corona.
Fleshy-\e3.veii Oxystelma. Shrub tw.
4 O. Zippelia'num (Blum, bijdr. p. 1053.) leaves narrow-
linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, smoothish ; peduncles 2-3-flowered
at the apex ; corolla having the base and margin bearded.
Ij . '^. S. Native of Java, about Batavia, collected in the gar-
dens of Zippeli.
Zippeli's Oxystelma. Fl. Oct. Shrub tw.
5 O. Hooperia'nitm (Blum, bijdr. p. 1053.) leaves cordate,
acuminated, smoothish ; fascicles many-flowered ; corolla gla-
brous, h . ^.S. Native of Java, about Kuripan, in the garden
of James Hooper ; and at the foot of Mount Salak, where it
is called /iroy tjapu tuhur.
Hooper's Oxystelma. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
6 O. Bornoue'nse (R. Br. in append, to Clapp. and Denh.
trav. p. 34.) flowers racemose ; segments of corolla semi-ovate ;
follicles inflated ; leaves lanceolate, cordate at base. Tj . ^. G.
Native of north Africa, in Bornou. This species differs from
0. esculenta in the inflated follicles, and in the leaves being
cordate at the base.
Bornou Oxystelma. PI. tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetahim, p. 148.
XLVII. IPHI'SIA (meaning unknown to us). Wight and
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 52.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Dygynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets fleshy, suddenly narrowed
to the apex. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen mas-
ses ventricose, fixed by their tops to the extremities of ascend-
ing, filiform appendiculi, or retlnacula, pendulous. Stigma
mutic. Follicles smooth, attenuated at the apex, glabrous.
Seeds comose. — Erectish or twining herbs or subshrubs. Leaves
opposite. Flowers small. Uii.bels interpetiolar, simple, ag-
gregate, or almost sessile at the bends of the peduncles. This
genus is very nearly related to Tylophora, both in habit and
structure of the flowers, but is separated on account of the truly
pendulous pollen masses.
1 I. MULTiFLORA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) suffruticose, twin-
ing, glabrous ; leaves oval, cuspidately-acuminated, petiolate ;
umbels sessile at the flexures of the common peduncle, disposed
alternately ; segments of corolla short ; retinacula or appendi-
culi elongated, bent upwards at the base and downwards at the
apex, fj . '^. G. Native of the Neelghery mountains.
Many-Jlowcred Iphisia. Shrub tw.
2 I. Gova'nii (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 52.) erectish ;
leaves almost sessile from broad, oval, acuminated, to lanceolate
acute ; umbels simple, aiigregate, few-flowered ; pedicels as
long as the peduncles ; segments of corolla lanceolate, glabrous
inside and hairy outside ; retinacula or appendiculi short, at first
erectish. Ij . G. Native of the Himalaiah.
ASCLEPIADEiE. XLVIII. Pentatropis. XLIX. Raphistemma. L. Urostelma. LI. Anantherix.
145
Govan's Iphisia. Shrub or herb. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Calotropis, p. 147.
XLVIII. PENTA'TROPIS (from Trt.Tf, j)ente, five, and
rpoTTiQ, tropis, a keel). R. Br. in Salt. trav. append, ex Wight
and Arnott, contrib. ind. but. p. 52. — Asclepias microphylla,
Roxb
LiK. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Staniineous corona 5-ieaved; leaflets opposite the anthers, ad-
nate vertically to the gynostegiiim, averse, loose or free at apex ;
pollen masses ventricose, pendidous, fixed beneath their lops.
Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth. Seeds coniose. — Twining
subshrubs. Leaves rather fleshy, flat. Umbels interpetiolar,
few-flowered, almost sessile. Follicles obsoletely trigonal, flat-
fish on one side.
1 P. microphy'lla (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, gla-
brous; leaves rather fleshy, ovate, mucronate, rounded at the base
or subcordate; umbels almost sessile, few- flowered ; pedicels
long-filiform ; calyx minute ; corolla spreadingly reflexed ;
segments acute ; leaflets of corona broad, averse at the bnse,
cuspidate and incurved at the apex, equal to the gynostegium.
tj . '^. S. Native of Coromandel and Bengal, on argillaceous
banks of rivers ; particularly the river called Yamuna, in
Bengal. Asclepias microphylla, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 35.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 85. Asclep. tenuiflora, Roxb. mus. ind.
or. t. 610. Oxystelma caud^ta. Ham. herb. Wall. ascl. no.
110. — Asclep. alexiaca, .Tacq. may be this plant, but the figure
in Rheed. mal. 9. t. 13., to which he refers his plant, has no
aflSnity with this. Roxburgh supposes that synonyme to be
Tylophora asthmdtica, but there are many obvious reasons
against that affinity.
Small-leaved Pentatropis. Shrub tw.
2 P. CYNANCHOiDES (R. Br. in append, to Salt, trav.) J; .
'~'. G. Native of Abyssinia. We know nothing of this plant
but the name.
Cynanchum-lilie Pentatropis. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148.
XLIX. RAPHISTE'MMA (from pa,piQ, raphh, a needle,
and (TTifjifin, stemma, a crown ; in reference to the narrow, elon-
gated leaflets of the corona). Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 40. t.
163. Wight and Arn. contrib. ind. bot. p. 54. — Asclepias pul-
chella, Roxb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulate ;
limb 5-parted ; staminal corona 5-leaved : leaflets compressed,
elongated. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses
fixed beneath their apexes, pendulous. Stigma bluntly conical.
Follicles solitary by abortion, soniev\hat ventricose. Seeds
comose. — A glabrous twining shrub. Leaves largish, cordate.
Flowers white, corymbose. Corona exserted, equal to the limb
of the corolla. This genus, Dr. Wallich suggests, is very nearly
allied to Kanahia, the difference appearing more in habit and
country than any character afforded by the flower.
1 R'. PULCHELLUM (Wall. 1. c. t. 103.). fj . ^. S. Native
of Silhet, Gualpara, Tavoy, Pegu, near Rangoon. Asclepias
pulchella, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 54. Pergularia ? campanulata,
Hamilt. herb. Flowers large.
Neat Raphistemma. Shrub tw.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148.
L. UROSTE'LMA (from ovpa, oura, a tail, and (TriX/^a,
stelma, a crown ; in reference to the tails of the gynostegium).
Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; with
lanceolate, acute segments. Corolla campanulaie, deeply 5-
cleft ; segments villous inside, and at leuL^th revolute. Corona
simple, shortly 5-lobed : lobes obtuse ; gynostegium furnished
VOL. IV.
with 5 membranous processes, and each of these processes is
furnished with a long filiform appendage, which is pentagonal at
the base. Pollen masses twin, solid, pendulous. Follicles
muricated. Seeds comose. — A scandent or twining plant.
Leaves cordate, waved, acuminated. Racemes axillary, pedun-
culate. Flowers pale, dirty reddish white.
1 U. Chine'nse (Bunge, 1. c). V;. '^. G. Native of China.
C/mia Urostelma. PI. tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oj:ypelalum, p. 148.
LI. ANA'NTHERIX (from a, priv. and avOtpil, antherix,
an awn ; there are no horn-formed processes from the base of the
leaflets of the corona, as in Asclepias). Nntt. gen. amer. 1.
p. 169. and in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 201. — Asclepias spe-
cies of authors.
Lin. svst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate,
5-cleft. Corona simple, 5-lobed; lobes compressed, empty
inside (not furnished with a horn-formed process, as in Ascle-
pias), incurved, furnished with a little segment inside, longer than
the gynostegium, which is sometimes pedicellate. The rest as in
Asclejnas. — Erect, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate or
opposite, sometimes subverticillate, and the axils sometimes
spinulose. Flowers large, umbellate, or panicled, terminal.
Follicles muricated or smooth. This genus is very nearly allied
to Calolrupis, but differs essentially in the insertion of the
corona, and in the form and character of its segments.
Sect. I. Lepiste'lma (from XewiQ, lepis, a scale ; and areXfia,
stelma, a crown ; in reference to the scales inside the corona).
Segments of corona furnished each with a little scale or seg-
ment inside. Gynostegium sessile. Follicles usually muri-
cated.
1 A. viRiDis (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 169. amer. phil. soc.
trans. 5. p. 201.) leaves opposite, sessile, obovate-oblong, mu-
cronulate, smoothish ; umbels cauline, subpanicled, few-flow-
ered ; segments of corona very long. If.. H. Native of the
Arkansas territory, in damp pine barrens, near St. Mary's ; and
Carolina. Asclepias viridis ? W^alt. fl. car. p. 107. Ascl. con-
nivens, Baldw. in Ell. sketch, p. 320. Podostigma viridis, Ell.
sketch. 327. Gomphocarpus viridis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849.
Corolla green. Corona purplish ; fructification white.
Green-Howered Anantherix. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1812.
PI. I to 1 foot.
2 A. paniculaVus (Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 203.)
leaves scattered, ovate-oblong, bluntish, miicronulate ; umbels
divided, subpanicled; corona one half shorter than the corolla;
follicles muricated. 1/. H. Native of the Arkansas territory,
in cedar swamps, near Fort Smith ; and also near the Red
river. Asclepias viridis, Walt. fl. carol, p. 137. Pursh, fl. 1.
p. 1 83. Stem angular. Leaves scabrous on the margins, 4-5
inches long, and 1-1^ broad. Umbels several, terminal. Co-
rolla yellowish-green. Corona variegated with purple and white.
Panicled-i\o\\ered Anantherix. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 A. decu'mbens (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves scattered, nearly oppo-
site, ovate-lanceolate, very long, acute ; umbels nearly globose,
terminal; corona about equal in length to the corolla. Tf.. H.
Native of the Arkansas territory, on dry hills, near the con-
fluence of the Kiamesha with the Red river. Stem rather an-
gular, 1 to 14 inches long. Leaves scabrous on the edges,
Umbels solitary. Peduncles downy. Corolla greenish. Co-
rona brownish. Follicles muricated.
Decumbent Anantherix. PI decumbent.
Sect. II. Stvi.a'ndra (from (ttvXoq, stylos, a column, and
ai'>;p avipoQ, aner andros, a male; in reference to the gynos-
tegium being pedicellate). Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5.
p.' 203. Segments of corona destitute of the httle segment
u
146
ASCLEPIADEiE. LI. Anantherix. Lll. Xysmalobium. LIII. Calotropis,
inside. Column of fructification or gynostegium pedicellate.
Follicles smooth.
4 A. pl'milus (Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 203.)
leaves linear, nearly opposite, sessile ; segments of corolla
almost 3 times longer than the corona. 1/. H. Native of
Georgia, in pine barrens, in Effingham county, Elliott; near
St. Mary's, Baluyn ; near Charleston, Eraser ; on dry sandy
fields. South Carolina, Walter ; near Fort Barrington, Lyon.
Stylandra piimila, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 170. Podostigma pu-
bescens. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 326. Asclfepias pedicellata, Walt. fl.
car. p. 106. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 182. Leaves downy, rough from
dots above. Segments of corona lunulate. Flowers greenish
yellow. Plant 3 inches high.
i>n>ar/ Anantherix. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. ^ ft.
5 A. Bu'ngei ; stems simple, erect, glabrous ; leaves oppo-
site, lanceolate-linear, acute, glabrous beneath ; but having the
margins rather hispid above ; panicle terminal, dichotomous,
loose, many-flowered. %. H. Native of China, at the foot
of the mountains near Lun-zuan-ssy. Asclepias paniculata,
Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 117. Petals oblong, blunt-
isli, greenish, glabrous. Cuculi concave, obtuse.
Bunge' s Anantherix. PI. ^ foot. ?
-|- Doubtful species.
6 A. Torreva'nus ; leaves ovate. 1/ . H. Native of North
America, among the Rocky Mountains. Anantherix, nov. spec.
Nutt. mss. ex Torrey. ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 219.
Torrey's Anantherix. PI. ?
7 A. Nuttallia'nus ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse at the
base, petiolate. i;. H. Native along with the preceding.
Anantherix, nov. spec. Nutt. mss. ex Torrey. 1. c.
Nuttall's Anantherix. PI. ?
Cult, For culture and propagation see ^«c%)(as, p. 142.
LIL XYSMALO'BIUM {Ivufia, xysma, a thread, and \oftoc,
Inbos, a pod ; in reference to the follicles being clothed with
rauienta). R.Br, in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 38. — Asclepias spec.
Lin. and Thunb.
LiN.SYST. Penlandria, Digyn'ta. Corolla 5-cleft, spreading.
Stamineous corona seated on the top of the tube of the fila-
ments, in a simple series of 10 parts ; 5 of the segments or
parts are fleshy, roundish, naked inside, and opposite the anthers,
the other 5 are small. Anthers terminated by a membrane ;
pollen masses compressed, fixed by their apexes, pendulous, with
broadish connecting processes. Stigma mutic. Follicles ven-
tricose, ramentaceous. Seeds comose — Erect shrubs, natives
of south Africa. Leaves opposite. Umbels interpetiolar.
Flowers largish : having the limb sometimes bearded.
' 1 X. undula'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) stems villous, simple ; leaves
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, undulated, glabrous ; petals ciliated.
\l . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills, about
Paradys, in Kamanasie, and elsewliere. Asclepias undulata,
Lin. spec. 312. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 155.
Asclepias ciliata, Lin. syst. ed. 15. p. 271. — Commel. rar. t. 16.
Lower leaves a span long. Umbels frequently sessile. Corolla
bearded, " greenish," ex Lam.
WavcdAenveA Xysmalobium. Fl. July. Clt. 1783. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
2 X. grandiflorum (R. Br. 1. c.) stems simple, hairy ; leaves
petiolate, oblong, hairy ; umbels pedunculate. fj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, in Kamanasie and elsewhere.
Asclepias grandiflora, Lin. suppl. p. 170. Thunb. prod. 1.
p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 156. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers
large, cliecquered like those of Frilillar'm meleagris, ex Lin. ;
large, glabrous, variegated with purple, ex Thunb.
Gjert/;^OK)ere(/ Xysmalobium. Slnub 1 foot.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Gomphocdrpus, p. 144.
Lin. CALOTROPIS (from raXoc, Icalos, beautiful, and
rpon-ic, tropis, a keel ; the flowers are beautiful, and the leaflets
of the corona are keeled). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. I. p. 39.
— Asclepias species of Lin. and Roxb.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digijnia. Corolla subcampanulate,
with an angular tube ; angles saccate ; limb S-parted. Stami-
neous corona 5-leaved : leaflets keel-formed, length of the tube
of the filaments (gynostegium), and adnate to it, recurved at the
base. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses com-
pressed, fixed by their tapering apexes, pendidous. Stigma
mutic. Follicles ventricose, smooth. Seeds comose. — Erect,
glabrous shrubs, natives of the East Indies, Africa, and Persia.
Leaves broad, opposite. Umbels interpetiolar. Flowers large,
showy.
^ 1. Leaves almost sessile, cuneate-ohlong or broad-ovate,
retuse, or subcordate at the base.
1 C. PROCE^RA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 78.)
leaves obovate-oblong, on short petioles, whitish from wool;
segments of corolla spreading. Tj . S. Native of Persia. As-
clepias procera. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 305. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1263. Schneevogt. icon. t. 18. Asclepias gigantfea,
Andr. bot. rep. t. 271. Lam. diet. 1. p. 280.— Badelsar, Alp.
egypt. 85. t. 86. and Zja Rack, Brun. trav. 315. t. 184.
probably belongs to the present plant. Corollas white ; petals
marked at top by a purple spot.
ra/i Calotropis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1714. Shrub 6 feet.
2 C. oiGANTE A (R. Br. 1. c.) shrub hoary ; leaves stem-
clasping, oblong-ovate, downy beneath ; segments of corolla
reflexed, with revolute edges ; corona shorter than the gynos-
tegium, obtuse, circinnately recurved at the base ; incurved
and subtridcntate at the apex. H . S. Native of the East
Indies, common ; and now become almost indigenous to South
America and Africa ; as we have seen it growing in great pro-
fusion on rocks in St. Jago, and in sand about the Gambia,
Senegal, and the island of Goree. Asclepias gigantea, Lin.
spec. p. 312. ? Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 305. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1264. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 30. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 17.
t. 69. Asclepias gigantea /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 280. — Seb. thes.
1. p. 41. t. 26. f. 1. Ericu, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 53. t. 31.
Madorus, Rumph. amb. 7. t. 14. f. 1. Bark ash-coloured;
young shoots covered by soft woolly down. Leaves decussate,
broad, wedge-shaped, bearded on the upper side at the base,
pretty smooth on the upper surface, but clothed with woolly down
on the under side, 4-6 inches long, and 2-3 broad. Umbels
sometimes, though rarely, compound, surrounded by several
involucral scales. Flowers beautiful, a mixture of rose colour
and purple. Nella jeberoo is the Telinga name of this plant,
Urku the Sanscrit name, and Aknnea the Bengalese name. The
milky juice which flows from this plant when wounded is applied
to various medicinal purposes by the natives ; besides which
they employ the plant itself, and preparations thereof, to cure
all kinds of fits, epileptic, convulsive, spasmodic, and paralytic,
as well as poisonous bites and venereal complaints. A fine sort
of silky flax is prepared from the young shoots in some places.
A large species of gryllus feed upon the leaves. It is the
Mador and Mudor plant, from which the late Dr. Duncan, of
Edinburgh, obtained that singular substance called Mudarine,
which possesses the property of congealing by heat, and becom-
ing again fluid on exposure to cold.
Var. (i ; albijlhra ; flowers white. I; . S. Native of the
East Indies, along with the species. Belericu, Rheed. mal. 1. c,
Zella Jeeleereo of the Telingas ; Swelakind of the Bengalese,
and Ulurka in Sanscrit.
Giant Calotropis. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1690. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
3 C. Hamiltonii (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 53.) segments
of corolla erect ; leaflets of corona equal in length to the gynos-
12
ASCLEPIADE^. LIII. Calotropis. LIV. Oxypetalum.
147
tegium, acuminated at the base and recurved, but bipartite and
spreading at the apex. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in
various parts. C. procera. Ham. in Lin. trans. 14. p. 426.
exchisive of the synonyms. Wall. ascl. no. 92. Asclepias
Madare, Hort. bot. calc. The Persian C. procera is quite dis-
tinct from the Indian one.
Hamilton's Calotropis. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
4 C. Wallichii (Wight. 1. c.) segments of corolla spreading;
leaflets of corona exceeding the gynostegiuni, obtuse at the
base, and recurved, but incurvcdiy 2-lobed above the stigma at
the apex. Ij . S. Native of tlie East Indies, at Melloon. C.
gigantea. Wall. ascl. no. 91. b. In addition to the above marks
of distinction, this differs in habit from all the preceding spe-
cies ; the flowers are in loose, long-peduncled panicles, in place
of contracted cymes or umbels.
JVallich's Calotropis. Shrub.
5 C. heterophy'lla (Wall. ascl. no. 91. a.) segments of
corolla erectish ; leaflets of corona equal in length to the gynos-
tegiuni, obtuse and recurved at the base, having the imargins
lying on the top of the stigma, 2-lobed : lobes thickish, sub-
diverging, f; . S. Native on the banks of the Irrawaddi.
The flowers are smaller than in other species, and are disposed
in small, compact, long-peduncled umbels.
Various-leaved Calotropis. Shrub.
§ 2. Leaves petiolate, cuneate, or elliptic-ohlong.
6 C. Sussue'la ; succulent and smooth ; leaves petiolatc
oblong, acuminated ; umbels few-flowered ; corolla flat, fleshy ;
corona short. T; • S. Native of the Moluccas. Asclepias
Sussu^la, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 31. Corona Ariadnes, Rumph.
amb. 5. t. 182. Corolla nearly 3 inches in diameter when
fully expanded, ex Roxb.
Sussuela Calotropis. Shrub.
7 C. herba'cea ; herbaceous, erect, smooth ; leaves petio-
late, oblong ; imibels compound ; corolla with a globular tube,
which incloses the corona ; segments or petals triangular, spread-
ing ; leaflets of corona shorter than the gynostegium, acute,
and spreadingly recurved at the base, but tridentate at the apex,
and lying upon the gynostegium. 2/ . S. Native of the inte-
rior parts of Bengal. Padmarka, Jones, asiat. res. 4. p. 267.
Stems nearly simple. Young shoots green. Leaves pale green,
paler beneath, furnished with a few bristly glands on the middle
nerve on the upper side at the base. Peduncles longer than
the pedicels, mixed with subulate braeteas. Flowers large,
a mixture of purple, red, and white Very like C. gigantea.
Root woody.
Herbaceous Calotropis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult- All the species of Calotropis bear handsome, large
flowers, and on that account are worth cultivating in every col-
lection of stove plants. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is a
good soil for them ; and young cuttings, thinly planted in a pot
filled with sand, strike root freely under a hand-glass, in heat.
If care is not taken with them, they are very liable to rot, as the
least injury causes them to decay.
LIV. OXYPE'TALUM (from dvi, oxys, sharp, and TrtraXor,
petalon, a petal ; in reference to the long, sharp-pointed petals).
R. Br. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 41. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 197. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 48. — Gothofreda,
Vent, choix. p. 7. t. 60.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Corolla with a short ven-
tricose tube, and a 5-parted limb (f. 19. c); segments ligulate
at top (f. 19. c). Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets roundish,
simple, fleshy (f'.19./'.). Anthers terminated by a membrane; pol-
len masses linear, pendulous, fixed to the curvitures of the pro-
cesses, at length ascending. Stigma terminated by an elongated,
bipartite acumen (f 19. e.). Follicles unknown. — Twining shrubs.
FIG. 19.
natives of South America. Leaves opposite. Umbels inter-
petiolar, subcorymbose or cymose. Flowers sweet-scented.
* Twining shrubs.
1 O. Ba'nksii (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 91. Mart. nov. gen.
bras. 1. p. 48. t. 29.) twining; leaves ovate-cordate, downy;
peduncles many-flowered, subcorymbose ; segments of corolla
linear-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed ; leaflets of corona round-
ish ; retinacula of anthers naked at top. Ij . '^. S. Native of
Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, where it was first discovered by Sir
Joseph Banks in 1768. Corolla yellowish, or cream-coloured;
segments much longer than the tube.
Banks's Oxypetalum. Shrub tw.
2 O. appendicula'tum (Mart. I.e. p. 48. t. 30.) twining;
leaves ovate, acuminated, cordate, downy ; peduncles cymose,
usually 4-flovvered ; segments of corolla narrow-lanceolate,
acute, erectly spreading ; leaflets of corona roundish ; retina-
cula of anthers furnished with a membranous appendage at
apex. Ij . '^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, among bushes, near Lagoa, between St. Joao d'El Rey
and Villa Rica. Flowers pale yellow.
y^ppenrfic«/rt<f-flowered Oxypetalum. Clt. 1823. Sh. tw.
3 O. ripa'rium (H, B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
154. t. 231. Mart. 1. c. p. 49.)
twining ; leaves ovate, cordate,
acuminated, downy ; peduncles
2-6 - flowered, subcorymbose ;
segments of corolla long-linear ;
leaflets of corona emarginately
2-lobed ; retinacula of anthers
naked at top. Tj . ^. S. Na-
tive of New Granada, on the
banks of the river Mayo, near
Mamendoy ; Mexico at Misan-
tla ; also of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, near St.
Joao Baptista. Corollas cream-
coloured, or pale yellow, (f. 19.)
River-side Oxypetalum. Shrub tw.
4 O. monta'num (Mart. 1. c. p. 49.) twining; leaves lanceo-
late, acute, petiolate ; peduncles many-flowered, cymose ; petals
linear, erect, reflexed at top ; leaflets of corona acute ; retina-
cula of anthers sagittately dilated at top. ^ . '^. S. Native of
Brazil, on the top of Mount Itambe da Vdla do Principe.
Flowers cream-coloured.
Mountain Oxypetalum. Shrub tw.
5 O. Berteria'num (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 850. add. p. 111.)
leaves elliptic, mucronate, downy ; cymes lateral, crowded ;
flowers small. t? . ^. S.. Native of New Granada, Bertero.
Bertero's Oxypetalum. Shrub tw.
6 O. Megapota'micum (Spreng. syst. add. p. 111.) twining ;
leaves cordate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles cy-
mose, clothed with hoary down. fj . '^. S. Native of Brazil,
at Rio Grande.
Rio Grande Oxypetalum. Shrub tw.
7 O. Gothofre'da (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 92.) twining; leaves
cordate, ovate, tomentose ; racemes few-flowered, axillary and
terminal ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute, 4 times longer
than the tube. fj . '^. S. Native of New Spain, at Santa Fe
de Bogota. Gothofreda cordifolia. Vent, choix, p. 7. t. 60.
Glands solitary at the base of the petioles.
Gothofreda' s Oxypetalum. Shrub tw.
* * Erect shrubs.
8 O. FOLiosuM (Mart. 1. c. p. 50.) villous ; stems erect, lier-
u 2
148 ASCLEPIADE^. LIV. Oxypetalum. LV. Schubertia. LVI. Lachnostoma. LVII. Macroscepis. LVIII. Araujia.
baceous ; leaves approximate, nearly sessile, ovate-cordate,
acute ; peduncles many-flowered, cymosely corymbose, approx-
imate towards the tops of the branches ; segments of corolla
erect, linear, acute; leaflets of corona emarfjinately 2-lobed ;
retinacula of anthers naked at top. %. S. Native of Brazil.
Corolla cream-coloured, with a violaceous base. Corona rose-
coloured.
Leafy Oxypetalum. Shrub erect.
9 C. ere'ctum (Mart. 1. c.) stems erect, herbaceous ; leaves
ovate-cordate, acute, downy ; peduncles 1-flowered; segments
of corolla linear-lanceolate, spreading ; leaflets of corona emar-
ginately bidentate ; retinacula of anthers naked. % . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in fields at
Capao and Villa Rica. Corollas cream-coloured.
Erect Oxypetalum. PI. erect.
10 O. strIctum (Mart. 1. c.) stem erect, herbaceous, straight ;
leaves lanceolate, cordate, almost sessile ; segments of corolla
lanceolate, acute ; leaflets of corona profoundly bifid ; mem-
branes of antiiers elongated, but the retinacida are naked.
fj . S. Native of Brazil, in fields, at the river Paraopeba, be-
tween St. Joao d'El Rey, and Villa Rica. Corolla yellow.
Corona white.
Straight Oxypetalum. PI. erect.
11 O. capita'tum (Mart. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, erect ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, villous ; flowers crowded, in globose umbels ;
leaflets of corona bifid; retinacula naked. 1/ . S. Native of
the Brazils, in the Mine provinces, nearContendas, in St. Philip.
Floviers pale yellow. ?
Capitate-Rowered Oxypetalum. PI. erect.
Cult. The species answer well for training up the rafters, in
a stove, or warm part of a greenhouse. A mixture of loam,
sand, and peat, or any light rich soil, suits tliem well ; and cut-
tings strike root freely in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
LV. SCHUBE'RTIA (named after H. B. Schubert, a pro-
fessor at Erlang). Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 55.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla fimnel-shaped ;
tube gibbous at the base; limb 5-parted, spreading. Stami-
neous corona inclosed in the tube, 5-leaved ; leaves adnate to
the tube of the filaments, lanceolate, connivent. Anthers ter-
minated by a membrane ; pollen masses pendulous, fixed by
their attenuated apexes. Stigma turbinate, plano-convex at
top. Follicles? Seeds comose. — Twining hairy shrubs, na-
tives of South America, in shady places. Leaves opposite, pe-
tiolate, cordate. Umbels pedunculate, interpetiolar. Corollas
rather fleshy, usually bearded inside.
1 S. MULTiFLORA (Mart. 1. c. p. 5G. t. 33.) leaves cordate-
obovate, acute ; umbels many-flowered ; tube of corolla gla-
brous inside, shorter than the segments, which are linear.
T^ . '^. S. Native of Brazil, in shady places, among granite
rocks, in the province of Pernambuco. Cynanchum multiflo-
rum, Spreng. syst. add. p. 110. Corollas white.
Many-Jhwered Schubertia. Shrub tw.
2 S. grandiflora (Mart. 1. c. p. 57.) leaves cordate, obo-
vate, acute ; umbels few-flowered ; tube of corolla bearded in-
side, equal to the segments of the limb. fj . ^, S. Native of
Brazil. Corollas white. ?
Great-Jlowered Schubertia. Shrub tw.
3 S. LONGiFLORA (Mart. 1. c.) leaves cordate, obovate, acute,
villous ; umbels many-flowered ; tube of corolla very hairy
inside, 3 times longer than the segments, which are lanceolate.
fj . '^. S. Native of Cartliagena, in woods. Cynanchum lon-
giflorum, Jacq. amer. 85. t. 59. ed. pict. p. 45. t. 85. Macros-
cepis longiflora, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851. Corollas greenish
white.
Long-Jlowered Schubertia. Shrub tw.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, above.
LVL LACHNO'STOMA (from Uxi'v, lachne, wool; and
arofia, stoma, a mouth ; throat of corolla bearded.) H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 198. t. 232.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
somewhat salver-shaped, with a short tube, a 5-parted spread-
ing limb ; and a bearded throat ; segments of the limb ovate-
oblong, acute, rather unequal-sided. Stamineous corona in-
serted in the throat of the corolla, 5-leaved ; leaflets lunately
2-lobed, fleshy. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses compressed, laterally fixed by their tapering tops, pen-
dulous. Stigma mutic, peltate. — A twining shrub ; with oppo-
site leaves ; and interpetiolar racemes. Flowers twin, approxi-
mating in an umbellate manner. This genus is allied to
Cyndnchum on one hand, and Oxypetalum on the other ; but
is distinguished from them, in the form of the corolla, and cor-
puscles, as well as by the mutic stigma, and in the corona
being inserted in the throat of the corolla ; and from both, in
the filaments being adnate to the tube of the corolla, and in the
throat being bearded.
1 L. TiGRiNUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) Tj . '^. S. Native of
New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Stems densely clothed
with rusty hairs, as well as the petioles and peduncles and ca-
lyxes. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
villous on both surfaces, and beset with rusty hairs on the nerves
and veins beneath. Petioles 4-5 inches long, and 2 broad. Ca-
lyx hairy. Corolla hairy outside ; segments elegantly and reti-
culately spotted.
riger-spotted-flowered Lachnostoma. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, above.
LVIL MACROSCETIS (from fiaKpog, macros, long ; and
(jKttTia, skepo, to cover; in reference to the calyx being larger than
the corolla.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 200. t. 233.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, ex-
ceeding the corolla a little, bracteate at the base. Corolla
thickish, with a globose-ventricose tube, and a spreading, 5-
parted limb ; segments of limb obliquely ovate, obtuse. Corona
of 5 fleshy scales, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Gynos-
tegium saucer-shaped, hardly exceeding the tube of the corolla.
Filaments connate, adnate to the tube of the corolla. Anthers
terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, pendu-
lous, fixed by their tops. Stigma mutic, peltate. Follicles un-
known.-— A twining plant, with hairy branches. Leaves oppo-
site, obovate, cordate, hairy. Peduncles interpetiolar, 2-flowered ;
pedicels involucrated by bracteas. This genus is very nearly
allied to Lachnostoma, from which it is distinguished by the
large calyx, by the structure of the corona, gynostegium, and
beardless throat. There is also considerable affinity between
this genus and Gonolobus.
I M. obova'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 201. t. 233.) l; .
'^. S. Native of New Spain, on the shore, about Campeche.
M. patens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851. Cynanchum hirsutum, Vahl.
Leaves 3^ inches long, and 2 broad. Petioles and midrib of
leaves on the under side beset with rusty hairs. Segments of
calyx pilosely ciliated. Corolla glabrous.
Ofcouate-leaved Macroscepis. Shrub tw.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see Oxypetalum, above.
LVIIL ARAU'JIA (named after Antonio de Araujo, a great
promoter of botany in Portugal.) Brot. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 62.
Physianthus, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 53.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx large, 5-parted (f. 20.
ASCLEPIADEiE. LVIII. Araujia. LIX. Kanahia. LX. Diplolepis. LXI. Holostemma.
140
FIG. 20.
a.) Corolla campanulately urceolate (f. 20. b.) with 5 swellings
outside at the base, and a corresponding number of cavities in-
side ; limb spreading a little, 5-cleft. Column inclosed. Sta-
mineous corona of 5 leaves ; leaflets cucullate, furnished each
with a horizontal scale outside. Anthers terminated by a mem-
brane ; pollen masses pendulous, fixed by their tapering tops.
Stigma ovate, 2-horned at the apex. Follicles ovate, ven-
tricose, bent downwards, semi-bilocular ; dissepiment or placenta
covered with numerous lamellae. Seeds comose, adhering to the
lamellae of the dissepiment. — Twining, herbaceous plants. Leaves
opposite, cordate. Racemes interpetiolar, few-flowered, cymose.
Flowers white.
1 A. SERICOFERA (BrOt. 1. C.
p. 62. t. 1.) leaves cordate, gla-
brous, glandular at the top of
the petioles ; racemes cymose,
pendulous, few-flowered ; root
creeping. ^J • '^. S. Native
of Peru, from which place it
was received by Brotero, under
the name of Apocynum Peru-
vidmtm. Flowers white, (f. 20.)
Silk-hearing Araujia. Fl. ?
Clt. ? Shrub tw.
2 A. a'lbens ; herbaceous ;
leaves acute at the apex, cor-
dately truncate at the base ;
white and pruinose beneath ;
flowers sub-dichotomously cy-
mose. y^ . "^.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul.
Physianthus albens. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 54. t. 32.
Graham, in hot. mag. t. 3201. Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1759. Leaves
tomentose beneath, and beset with fine scattered pili above. Co-
rolla downv, white, with a tinge of red ; tube length of calyx.
IVhittsh-Roviered Araujia. Fl July, Aug. Clt. 1830. Sh.
twining.
3 A. Megapota'mica ; twining, glabrous ; leaves sagittately
cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 1 -flowered ; lobes of corona
denticulated. Ij . '^. S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande.
Physianthus Megapotamica, Spreng. syst. add. p. 112.
Rio Grande Araujia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148.
LIX. KANA'HIA (the plant is called Kanakk by the Arabs.)
R. Br. in. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 38. Asclepias si)ecies, Forsk.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Corolla campanulate, with
a 5-parted limb. Column half-inclosed. Staniineous corona,
seated on the top of the tube of the filaments, 5-leaved ; leaflets
thickened from the base, subulate, undivided. Anthers termi-
nated by a membrane. Pollen masses ventricose, fixed by their
apexes, pendulous. Stigma mutic. Follicles slender, striated.
Seeds comose 1 — An erect shrub, native of Arabia. Leaves
opposite, flat. Peduncles interpetiolar, bearing at their apexes
many-flowered fascicles ; pedicels imbricate, unibracteate at the
base.
1 K. LANiFLORA. ^j . G. Native of Arabia Felix and Abys-
sinia. K. Kannah, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 95. Ascle-
pias laniflora, Forsk. descrip. p. 51. Vahl, symb. 1. p. 23. t.
7. Kanakk of the Arabs. Leaves 3 inches long, quite gla-
brous, tapering to both ends. Leaves of involucrum subulate,
unequal.
Woolly-RoviereA Kanahia. Shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Calolropis, p. 147.
LX. DIPLO'LEPIS (from cnrXooQ, diploos, double ; and
XeTTis, lepis, a scale ; leaflets of corona furnished each with a
scale inside.) R. Br. in. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 41.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla with a short,
urceolate tube ; and a 5-parted limb. Stamineous corona 5-
leaved ; leaflets obtuse, furnished with a scale each inside. An-
thers terminated by a membrane. Pollen masses ventricose,
fixed near their apexes, pendulous. Stigma mutic, elongated,
undivided. Follicles unknown.
1 D. Menzie'sii (Roem. et .Schultz, syst. 6. p. 95.) >j . '^. ?
S. Native of Chili, near Valparaiso. 'I'his is the only certain
species of the genus. The Asclepias vomit6ria, Konig. mss.
agrees with this genus in many respects, especially in the form,
and insertion of the pollen masses ; but differs considerably m
habit, and in having a blunt stigma.
Menzies's Deplolepis. Shrub twining ?
2 D.? apicula'ta (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 68.) leaves round-
ish-elliptic, cordate, apiculated, shining, very villous, as well
as the stems; stigma depressed. Ij . '^. G. Native of China.
Flowers greenish.
Apiculated-]en\ed Diplolepis. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821.
Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148.
§ 2. Gynostegium appendiculatc. Corona simple, of one piece ;
having its tube sometimes furnished with segments or keels in-
side. Corolla sub-rotate.
LXL HOLOSTE'MMA (from 6\oc, holos, entire ; and artufia.,
stevima, a crown ; the corona is almost entire.) R. Br. in mem.
wern. soc. 1. p. 42. Asclepias species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate, 5-
cleft. Stamineous corona inserted in the gynostegium, simple,
annular, obsoletely 5-lobed. Antliers terminated by a mem-
brane. Pollen masses pendulous, compressed, fixed by their
tapering tops. Stigma mutic. Follicles ventricose, smooth.
Seeds comose — Glabrous, twining shrubs. Leaves opposite,
broad. Umbels interpetiolar, on short peduncles. Flowers
showy, white.
1 H. Rhe'edii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851. Wall. pi. asiat. rar.
2. p. 51.) leaves broad-ovate, cordate. I2 • "^^ S* Native of
Malabar, Mysore, Samulcottah, and the Circars ; also at Gual-
para, and Kinour. H. A'da Kodien, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 95. Asclepias annularia, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 37. mus. ind.
orient, t. 613. Asclepias convolvulacea, Heyne, herb. Cynan-
chum annulare, Heyne, herb. C. cordifolium, and C. grandiflo-
rum, Russ. herb. Sarcostemma annulare. Roth. nov. spec. p.
178. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 115. Gomphocarpus volu-
bilis, Hamilt. herb. Corollas yellowish or whitish, tinged with
red. Follicles smooth.
Rheede's Holostemma. Shrub twining.
2 H. fra'grans (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 51.) leaves oblong-
cordate : upper ones oblong-lanceolate, sagittately cordate at the
base : lobes imbricating. •? • '^. S. Native of the Burmese
Empire, on mountains on the banks of the Irrawaddi, at Scendya,
and Prome, also on mount Taong Dong, not far from Ava.
Fragrant Holostemma. Shrub twining.
3 H. tubercula'tim (Blum, bijdr. p. 1055.) leaves membra-
nous, ovate, acute, deeply cordate at the base, paler beneath ;
follicles tvibercular. Jj . '^. S. Native of Java, on mountains.
Tubercular-(o\\\c\eA Holostemma. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
4 H. murica'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 1055.) leaves membranous,
ovate-oblong, acuminated, deeply cordate at the base, slauces-
cent beneath ; follicles murieated. H . '^. S. Native of Java,
on the mountains, where it is called Tjaput t.uhur.
Muricnted-foWichd Holostemma. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub tw.
5 H. L^"vE (Blum, bijdr. 1055.) leaves coriaceous, oblong,
acuminated, obliquely sub-cordate at the base; follicles smooth.
(^ . ^. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak in shady places.
Smooth Holostemma. Fl. Feb. April. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Oxypetalum, p. 148. for culture and propagation.
150
ASCLEPIADE^. LXII. Cynanciium.
LXII. CYNA'NCHUM (from Kvuy kvi'oq, kyon Injnos, a dog ;
and ayx*^' audio, to strangle ; poisonous effects of some species.)
R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 43. Wight, and Arnott, contrib.
ind. bot. p. 55. Cynanchum species, Lin. and otliers.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digyn'ia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5-
parted. Stamineous corona, 5-20-lobed; when only 5-lobed,
the lobes are opposite the anthers. Anthers terminated by a
membrane. Pollen masses ventricose, pendulous. Stigma usu-
ally apicidated, but sometimes mulic, rarely rostrate. Follicles
smooth. Seeds comose. — Herbs or sub-shrubs, for the most
part twining. Leaves opposite. Umbels interpetiolar.
(j 1. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5 Ad cleft border, in-
closing the gynoslegium ; the 5 inner segments opposite, and
parallel with the anthers and exterior lobes. Pollen masses
inserted beneath their apexes. Follicles cylindrical, much
divaricate. — Stems trvining. Leaves cordate.
1 C. DalhousIjE (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 55.) twining,
smoothish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated, broadest at the
base, cordate, pale beneath, and marked with brown veins ;
umbels few-flowered ; pedicels longer than the peduncles ; seg-
ments of corolla oval, obtuse ; corona equal in length to the co-
rolla, 10-lobed: alternate lobes the smallest: the inner seg-
ments small, obtuse, tooth-formed ; stigma sub-apiculated, un-
divided. Jj . '^. H. Native at Simla, Countess of Dalhousie ;
Mussorie, Royle. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 4-12 lines broad
at the base.
Countess of Dalhousie's Cynanchum. Shrub tw.
2 C. acu'tum (Lin. spec. p. 310., exclusive of the synonymes.
R. Br. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herbaceous twining, glabrous;
leaves oblong, ovate-cordate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong,
obtuse; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; follicles cylindrical, diva-
ricate. %. H. Native of Italy, Spain, Tauria, Astrachan, &c.
Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 177. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 16. t. 1. Schkuhr.
handb. 1. p. 166. t. 54. C. Monspeliacum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p.
411. C. Monspeliacum, /J, Lam. diet. 1. p. 235. C. Sibiricum,
Willd. act. nov. am. N. C. berol. 1799. t. 6. f. 2. Pers. 1. p.
273.— Tourn. inst. 93. — Clus. hist. 125. — Trew. ehrh. 44. t.
82. Flowers white.
^CM/e-leaved Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1596. PI. tw.
3 C. pube'scens (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118.)
corona double ; outer one 10-cleft, having the alternate segments
acute, ovate ; the rest filiform and elongated; inner corona 5-
cleft, with shorter, filiform segments; segments of corolla linear,
obtuse ; leaves cordate, acute, downy ; stems herbaceous, twin-
ing. 1/. '^. F. Native of China, in hedges. Flowers minute,
white. Nearly allied to C. acutum.
Downy Cynanchum. PI. twining.
4 C. exce'lsum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 212.) herbaceous, twining,
glabrous ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; follicles
long, narrow, flattish, very acute. %.'^.H. Native of Barbary,
on the shore about Tozzer. Leaves like those of C. acutum, 1-2
inches long.
To// Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1816. PI. tw.
5 C. Monspeuacum (Lin. spec. p. 311., exclusive of the sy-
nonymes. R. Br. 1. c.) herbaceous, twining, glabrous ; leaves
reniform, coarctate at top, and semi-lanceolate ; segments of
corolla lanceolate, bluntish ; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; folli-
cles cylindrical. 1/.^. H. Native of Italy, south of France,
Spain, and Greece, by the sea side. Cav. icon. 1. p. 44. t.
60. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 106. icon. 2. t. 340. St. Hil. 35. t. 6. —
Tourn. inst. QS. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 126. Flowers white, but
flesh-coloured, according to Jacquin.
Montpelier Cynanchum. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1596. Shrub
twining.
6 C. longif6lium (Martens, ex Spreng, syst. add. p. 110.)
herbaceous, twining ; leaves cordate, acuminated, nerved ; seg-
ments of corolla acute; exterior corona 10-leaved: the 5 alter-
nate lobes lanceola'te, acute, and the other 5 sub-crenated and
obtuse. 1(1. H. Native about Venice.
Long-leaved Cynanchum. PI. twining.
7 C. CuiNENSE (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herba-
ceous, twining, glabrous ? ; leaves ovate-cordate, with a short
acumen ; segments of the corolla linear, acute, compressedly
filiform, entire, l/ . '^. H. Native of China, in the province of
Peckley, Sir G. Staunton. Stigma ending in semi-bifid point.
Follicles cylindrical.
Chinese Cynanchum. PI. twining.
8 C. birostra'tum (Hook, and Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 35.) leaves narrow, cordately-sagittate, with oblong-obtuse
lobes, sub-coriaceous, glabrous ; umbels many-flowered ; pedi-
cels and calyxes downy ; tube of corolla urceolate ; segments of
the limb lanceolate, downy outside ; stamineous corona simple,
of 5 bifid segments ; stigma long-beaked, deeply bifid. h . ^.
F. Native of Chili, about Conception. Flowers white. Leaves
resembling those of C. acutum.
Birostrate Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
§ 2. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5-10-cleft border, inclosing
the gynostegium ; the 5 inner keels simple, or drawn out into
segments. Pollenmasses fixed beneath their apexes. Follicles
ventricose, angular, sj>reading. Stems twining. Leaves cor-
date, rounded or acute at the base.
9 C. coRYMBOsuM (Wight, 1. c. p. 56.) twining, glabrous;
leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneath ; corymbs
longer than the petioles, many-flowered ; corona equal in length
to the corolhi, 10-cleft, with the alternate lobes smaller, and the
inner carinas simple ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ;
stigma apiculated, bifid. \^ . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Cynan-
chum, Wall. ascl. no. 81.
Corymbose-Aov/ereA Cynanchum. Shrub tw.
10 C. peduncula'tum (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. l.p. 97. prod,
p. 463.) twining; common peduncles longer than the leaves;
leaves cordate, smoothish ; axils 2-leaved ; inner carinae of the
corona drawn out into segments ; stigma apiculated, einarginate.
^ . ^. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. C.
Brownianum, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 97.
Pedunculate Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
1 1 C. floribu'nuum (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; common peduncles
shorter than the leaves ; leaves cordate, acuminated, quite gla-
brous ; axils without leaves; inner keels of the corona drawn out
into segments ; stigma apiculated, emarginate. t^ . '^. G. Na-
tive of New Holland, without the tropic.
Bundle-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
12 C. erube'scens (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; common peduncles
about equal in length to the petioles ; leaves cordate, acute ;
axils usually 2-leaved ; branchlets and flowers clothed with fine
down outside; inner carinai of the 10-cleft corona shorter than
the corolla, simple. \j . ^. G. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic.
Reddish Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
13 C. Bonplandia^num (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 98.)
twining ; branches marked by a downy line ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous, membranous ; umbels almost sessile ; ca-
lyxes downy; corona 10-lobed : the alternate lobes the longest,
and alternating with the segments of the corolla: stigma conical,
convex, emarginate. I7 . '^. S. Native of New Andalusia. C.
lanceolatum, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 203.
Flowers minute, white. Corolla rotate, with ovate-acute seg-
ments.
Bonpland's Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
14 C. Montevide'nse (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851.) herbaceous,
tw ining ; leaves cordate-oblong and lanceolate, acute, and are, as
ASCLEPIADEiE. LXII. Cynanchum.
151
well as the umbels, glabrous ; segments of corolla elongated and
spreading; alternate teeth of corona shorter., If-.'^.S. Native
of Montevideo.
Monlcvideo Cynanchum. PI. twining.
15 C. MUCRONA^TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
203. t. 335.) twining ; branches furnished with 2 rows of down ;
leaves oblong, cuspidatcly-mucronate, acute at the base, gla-
brous ; umbels almost sessile ; calyxes glabrous ; corona 5-
parted, with ovate segments, which are ligulate at the apex, al-
ternating with the segments of tlie corolla ; stigma terminated
by an emarginate tubercle. Ij . ^. S. Native of New Granada,
on the declivities of Mount Avila. Leaves 8-9 lines long. Co-
rolla white, glabrous, with obliquely-oblong acute segments,
having the middle nerve green.
^[ucronate-\ea.•weA Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
16 C. microphy'llum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
204. t. 204.) twining ; branches furnished with 2 rows of down';
leaves ovate, acute, mucronate, rounded at the base, glabrous ;
flowers solitary, twin or tern, or by fours ; calyxes glabrous ;
corona 5-parted, with emarginately-bidentate, concave segments,
alternating with the lobes of the corolla ; stigma terminated by
an emarginate tubercle. Ij . '^. S. Native of New Granada,
in frigid places, near the town of Pasto. Leaves very small.
Petioles furnished with interpetiolar cilia. Corolla white, ro-
tate, with obliquely ovate, acute segments.
Small-leaved Cynanchum. Siirub twining.
17 C. SERPYLLiFOLiuM (H. B. et Kuuth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 205.) twining; branches marked by a downy line; leaves
ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, ciliated a little ;
umbels sessile ; calyx rather pilose ; corona 5-parted : with the
segments bifid at the apex ; stigma convex, emarginate ?. I2 ■
^. S. Native near Quito, in shady places ; and on the declivities
of Mount Pichincha. Very like C m'lcrophylla, but is larger, in
the leaves and flowers : and also differs in the flowers being um-
bellate, in the structure of the corona and gynostegium. Corolla
campanulate, white, with ovate-oblong, hardly oblique segments.
Wild Thyme-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
§ 3. Stamineous corona tubular, with a S-lO-cle/t border, inclos-
ing the gynostegium ; inner segments or carina wanting. Pol-
len masses usually fixed by their apexes. Stigma terminated
by a bifid point. Stems twining. Leaves sub-cordate.
18 C. PAUciFLoRUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 45.)
twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, reniformly cordate
at the base : the auricles diverging ; umbels few-flowered ; pe-
duncles shorter than the petioles ; flowers glabrous, on short
petioles; corona equal to the corolla, with a 10-cIeft, plicate
border, naked inside : the lobes opposite the anthers, lanceolate,
acuminated, bifid at top, the alternate ones very short, and emar-
ginate or truncate ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ;
stigma apiculated, obtuse, hardly emarginate. H . '^. S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, frequent in hedges. Periploca tunicata,
Retz, obs. 2. p. 15. Willd. phyt. 1. p. 7. no. 23. t. 5. f. 3.
Asclepias tunicata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 35. mus. ind. or. t. 609.
This plant has been removed by Wight, and Arnott, from the
section in which Mr. R. Brown placed it. As there are no interior
keels, but only folds of the corona, which arise from contractions
of its mouth, and disappear when expanded. Follicles ventri-
cose. Perhaps this, and C. angustifoliuni, ought to have been
described with 5 lobes to the corona, the alternate ones being so
very short.
Few-fiajvered Cynanchum. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub twining.
19 C. Wallichii (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ob-
long-ovate, acuminated, cordate at the base, auricled : auricles a
little incurved ; coryml's shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ;
pedicels equal in length to the peduncles, or exceeding them ;
corona equal to the corolla, somewhat 10-cleft; the lobes oppo-
site the anthers, longer, and bifid ; pollen masses fixed beneath
their ape.xes ; stigma mutic. 1^ . '^. S. Native of the East Indies,
at Jentaga and Cliuna-Poonjee. Cynanchum, Wall-ascl. no. 80.
Very closely allied to C. paucifibrum.
Wallick's Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
20 C. CALLIALATUM (Hamilt. herb. no. 767, e.x Wight, and
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. 56.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate
or oval, acuminated, cordate at the base, with a narrow recess,
glaucous beneath ; umbels shorter than the petioles ; pedicels
equal to the peduncle in length; corona 10-lobed, almost twice
as short as the corolla: the lobes opposite the anthers, bifid at
apex: the alternate ones very short; stigma sub-apiculated, en-
tire ; follicles winged. I; . ^. S. Native on the banks of the
Ganges, and at Columala. Wall. ascl. no. 83. C. auriculiltum,
Hamilt. herb. no. 768. Wall. ascl. no. 85. Periploca tuni-
cata. Herb. madr. Wall. ascl. no. 75. b. c.
Beaul'iful-7vinged-Y>odded Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
21 C. ala'tum (Wiglit, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 57.)
twining, smoothish ; leaves of the older branches cordately
auricled at the base : of the young floriferous branches, oval, cus-
pidate, cordate at the base, or emarginate, glaucous beneath ;
umbels about equal in length to the petioles ; pedicels longer
than the peduncles ; corona shorter than the corolla, with a cre-
nately 10-lobed, truncate border : the alternate lobes rather the
smallest ; stigma apiculated, bifid ; follicles flattish on one side.
with the angles marginately winged. tj . '^. S. Native of
Coromandel. Wight, cat. no. 1552. Asclepias truncata, Roxb.
in herb. Banks. The winged follicles, and truncate corona, will
readily distinguish it from all other species of this section.
JVinged-foWicled Cynanclunn. .Shrub twining.
22 C. ovalifolium (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous; leaves
oblong-oval, acuminated ; cymes many-flowered ; peduncles
longer than the petioles ; corona about equal in length to the
corolla, 10-cleft; stigma apiculated, somewhat emarginate. l^ .
^. S. Native of Penang. Cynanchum, Wall. ascl. no. 82.
The oval leaves, and cymose inflorescence, readily distinguish
this species.
Oval-leaved Cynanchum. .Shrub twining.
23 C. ANGUSTiFoLiuM (Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) twining,
smoothish ; petioles rather hairy, reflexed ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, cuspidate, more or less cordate at the base ; umbels short,
many-flowered ; corona 10-lobed, the lobes opposite the anthers,
broadly linear-oval, about equal in length to the corolla ; the
alternate ones very short, and inconspicuous, all truncate and
emarginate ; stigma apiculated, somewhat emai'ginate. (7 • '^.
S. Native of Coromandel. Wight, cat.no. 1553. Leaves 3-
5 inches long, and 4-6 lines broad.
Narrow-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
§ 4. Gynostegium or column of fructification stipitute. Stami-
neous corona tubular, inserted at the base of the stipe of the
gynostegium, 5-cleJ't, williout any segments or inner carince in-
side. To this section, remarkable for the elongation of the torus
or stipe of the gynostegium, belong also a species from the
Cape of Good Hope.
24 C. GRAciLi.iMUM (Wall, asclep. no. 86. Wight, and Arnott,
1. c.) twining, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves cordate, acu-
minated, incurvedly auricled at the base ; umbels few-flowered :
peduncles about equal in length to the petioles, but longer than
the pedicels ; segments of corolla lanceolate; stalk of gynoste-
gium exceeding the corona, which is 5-cleft, and naked inside;
pollen masses fixed by their apexes ; stigma beaked, equal, 5-fur-
rowed, truncate, equal to the membranes of the anthers. (; .
S. Nativeof the East Indies, at Segaen. W.all. ascl. no. 86.
Very-slender Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
152
ASCLEPIADEiE. LXII. Cvnanchum.
§ 5. Stamineous corona deeply 5-cleft ; segments opposite the
anthers, furnished each with a parallel, segment inside. Pollen
masses jixed by their apexes, or beneath them.
25 C. auriculVtum (Royle, ex Wight, coiUrib. ind. hot. p.
58.) twining; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, ciliated, auri-
cled at the base ; umbels cyme-formed, on long peduncles, few-
flowered ; corolla 5-parted ; corona deeply 5-cleft : segments
obtuse, exceeding the gynostegium, furnished each with a little
parallel segment inside. 1^ . ^. F. Native of Kinonr and
Kamaon. Wall. ascl. no. 137.
Auricled Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
26 C. RoYLEi (Wight, 1. c.) twining?, downy; leaves broad-
corilate at the base, and auricled, gradually tapering into a
subulate apex ; umbels on long peduncles, many- flowered ; co-
rolla 5-clfft; corona deeply 5-cleft: .segments obtuse, about
equal to the gynostegium, furnished each with a small parallel
segment, inside. Jj . '^. F. Native of Kinour, Royle.
Royle's Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
§ 6. Stamineous corona tubular, inclosing the gynostegium ; with
a 10-cleft border; without any segments or carince inside.
Stigma terminated by an entire point. Stems erect.
27 C. ROSEUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. see. 1. p. 47.) leaves
lanceolate-linear, undulated, smoothish ; pedicels and calyxes
pilose; corona 10-cleft; stigma entire. 1/. H. Native of
Dahuria, among rocks. Asclepias Dahiirica, Willd. spec. 1. p.
1272.? — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 78. t. 42. Root thick, sweet, creep-
ing. Flowers beautifid, purple.
yfoiccoloured-Howered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1818. PI. 1 to Ij foot.
28 C. orienta'le (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851.)
herbaceous, twining; leaves deeply-cordate, oblong, acute, gla-
brous, as well as the umbels and peduncles. 1^. ^. H. Native
of Asia Minor.
Eastern Cynanchum. PI. twining.
J 7. Stamineous corona saucer-shaped, fleshy, b-\0-lobcd, simple
inside. Pollen masses fixed beneath their ajycxes. Stigma ter-
minated by an entire, very short point. Follicles smooth.
Stems erectish, or twining a very little.
29 C. viNCEToxicuM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 47.)
stems erect ; corollas beardless ; umbels simple ; pedicels 3
times longer than the peduncle; corona 5-lobed. 11. H. Na-
tive of Europe, in gravelly places, between the 59° and 40°
of latitude, as well as of Sweden, Denmark, &'c. &c. Asclepias
vincetoxicum, Lin. spec. p. 314. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1268.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 849. Heyne, term. bot. t. 42. f. 3. Schkuhr.
handb. t. 55. Bull. herb. t. 96. Plenck, icon. t. 154. Jaume,
St. Hil. 21. t. 6. Ludw. eclyp. t. 25. Asclepias alba. Mill,
diet. no. 1. fig. t. 53. Vincetoxicum officinale, Moench. meth.
p. 317. Stem furnished with a downy line on each side.
Leaves ovate, acuminated, finely ciliated on the edges when
young. Corollas white.
f^iir. /3, minus ; all parts of the plant are one half smaller
than those of the species. If. . H.
F!nce/o.c(CMm Cynanchum. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI.
1 to 3 feet.
30 C. lu'teum (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 852.) erect, glabrous;
leaves ovate, nearly sessile, rather fleshy, veiny ; umbels axillary ;
corolla coriaceous, with bearded edges, i/ . H Native of
Crete, Sieber. Flowers yellow.
yelliiw-ttowered Cynanchum. PI.
31 C. me'dium (R. Br. 1. c. p. 48.) stems twining at tops ;
corollas beardless ; umbels often divided ; pedicels hardly
longer than the peduncle; corona 5-lobed. "U.. H. Native
country unknown. Asclepias media, Hort. Allied to the C.
nigrum. ,
Intermediate Cynanchum. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3
feet.
32 C. ? viLLOSUM (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 103.) leaves ovate-
oblong, villous beneath, undulated ; lower ones cordate ; um-
bels erect, simple ; corollas bearded. %. H. Native country
imknown. Asclepias vdlosa, Willd. enum. 1. p. 278. Ball).
misc. 15. t. 4. Flowers white.?
r7//o«4- Cynanchum. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
33 C. NIGRUM (R. Br. 1. c. p. 48.) stems twining at tops; co-
rollas heartled ; umbels simple ; pedicels hardly longer than the
peduncles; corona senii-1 0-cleft. If.. H. Native of the south
of Europe. Sims. bot. mag. 2390. Asclepias nigra, Lin. spec,
p. 315. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1269. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, finely ciliated on the edges, narrower than those of
C. vincetoxicum. Flowers brown.
Black-iioviered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596.
Fl. 2 to 3 feet.
34 C. mela'nthos (Hort. par. ex Poir. siippl. 2. p. 430.)
stems twining at tops, rather hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute,
rather downy: with rounded, closed lobes. Ti. H. Native
country unknown. Flowers dark purple.
Blnck-flim'ered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
35 C. fusca'tum (Link. enum. 1. p. 250.) stems twining at
tops; corolla bearded ; umbels simple. 7/ . H. Native of the
south of Europe, as of Spain. Asclepias fuscata, Willd.
enum. suppl. p. 29. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 29. C. vin-
cetoxicum,/J, Schultes, syst. 6 p. 104. Asclepias liitea. Mill,
diet. Flowers yellow. This is intermediate between the C.
vincetoxicum and C. nigrum, but is more nearly allied to the
latter.
Z?rownisA-flowered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
§ 8. Stamineous corona deeply 5-cleft ; segments simple. Pollen
masses fixed beneath their apices. — Decumbent or erect plants,
sometimes twining a little. Umbels sessile, or nearly so.
36 C. glau'cum (Wall. ascl. no. 133. Wight, and Arnott,
contrib. ind. bot. p. 58.) herbaceous, erect, glabrous or downy;
stems rather compressed, and rather angular ; leaves broad-
ovate, or oblong-oval or lanceolate, obtuse, pale glaucous be-
ntath ; umbels almost sessile ; corolla 5-cleft : segments hairy
inside; corona deeply 5-cleft : segments obtuse ; pollen masses
fixed beneath their apexes; stigma obtuse, apiculated. If.. H.
Native of Nipaul.
far. a, latifolium (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 58.) leaves
broad-ovate, obtuse ; umbels many-flowered. %. H. Native
of Nipaid. C. glaikum. Wall, asclep. no. 1 33.
Var. fi, oblongifolium (Wight. I. c.) leaves oblong-oval; um-
bels few -flowered. It. H. Native of Nipaul. Wall.ascl.no.
132, imnamed.
Var. y, lancevlutum (Wight, 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse; umbels sessile, many-flowered. T/.H. Native of the
Peninsula of India, and at Simla. Wight, cat. no. 1554. Wall,
ascl. no. 134, imnamed.
Glaucous Cynanchum. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
37 C. Kinourie'nse (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 58.) herba-
ceous, erect ; stems and petioles hairy ; leaves oval, cuspidate, on
short petioles, downy above towards the margins, and on the nerves
and veins, hairy beneath on the nerves, which are conspicuous,
and veins ; umbels few-flowered : corona deeply 5-cleft, equal
to the gynostegium ; segments obtuse, separated by broad re-
cesses ; pollen masses fixed by their apexes ; stigma obtuse. 2/ .
ASCLEPIADE^. LXII. Cvnanchum.
153
H. Native of Kinour, Royle. In this species the rliizoma is
short, tiiick, and abrupt.
Kinour Cynanchum. PI.
38 C. Arnottia'num (Wight, 1. c.) herbaceous, erect, gla-
brous ; leaves oblong-oval, obtuse or emarginate, niucronate, on
.short petioles ; umbels sessile, many-flowered ; corolla brownish
purple outside, 5-cleft; segments beset with white hairs inside;
corona deeply ."i-cleft, equal to the gynostegium : segments ob-
tuse, separated by broad recesses ; pollen masses fixed beneath
their apexes ; stigma apiculated. %. H. Found by Mr. Royle,
on his journey to Cashmere. The colour of the flowers will
readily distinguish this from other allied species.
ArnotCs Cynanchum. PI.
39 C. NA'NtJM (Hamilt. herb. no. 7^5. Wight, and Arnott, 1.
c. p. 59.) herbaceous, erect, glabrous ; leaves on short petioles,
linear-acutish, sub-auriculated at the base ; umbels almost ses-
sile, many-flowered, involucrated ; corolla rather large, 5-parted:
segments obtuse; corona deeply 5-cleft, equalling the gynos-
tegium : with obtuse segments ; pollen masses fixed by their
apexes; stigma apiculated. %.W. Native of the East Indies,
north of Camrupa, among reeds, Hamilt. Leaves 4-5 inches
long, and 2-5 lines broad.
Dwarf Cynanchum. PI. dwarf.
40 C. ? Heynea'num (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 101.)
leaves oval, mucronate, ciliated at the base, as well as the pe-
tioles, discoloured beneath, and reticulated ; umbels few-flower-
ed, length of the petioles ; stems glabrous. I; . ^. S. Native
of the East Indies. Periploca reticulata. Roth. nov. spec. p. 126.
Heyne's Cynanchum. Fl.? Clt. 1825. Shrub twining.
41 C. SiBiRicuM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 48.) stems
decumbent, herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, opposite, or 3
in a whorl ; umbels on short peduncles ; corona deeply 5-cleft ;
pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; stigma an emarginate
papilla; follicles ventricose. ■y.. H. Native of Siberia and
China. Asclepias Sibirica, Lin. spec. p. 315. Gmel. sib. 4. p.
77. no. 21. Murr. comm. goett. 1779. p. 23. t. 7. Plant
white from fine down. Flowers greenish white, smelling like
those of the lime tree.
Siberian Cynanchum. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1775. PI dec.
42 C. pil6sum (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 46.) twining;
leaves ovate, acutish, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy ; um-
bels short ; corona 10-cleft, length of the corolla; stigma termi-
nated by a bifid point. (j . '^. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 111. Periploca Africana, Lin. spec. 309
exclusive of the synonymes. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2.
p. 152. Andr. bot. rep. t. 557. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 13. t. 1. f. 3.
— Commel. rar. t. 18. — Plukn. phyt. 37. t. 137. f. 4. — Morr.
hist. 3. p. 611. sect. 15. t. 3. f. 62. The whole plant is hairy.
Corollas purple ; corona white. Follicles ventricose.
Var. ft ; leaves flat, sinuate ; flowers pale green ; follicles
thick, glabrous. Burm. afr. t. 14. f. 2.
Pilose Cynanchum. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1726. Shrub tw.
43 C. CRAssiFOLiiM (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; leaves ovate, sub-
cordate, obtuse, with a mucrone, fleshy, and are, as well as the
calyxes, glabrous ; umbels drooping, on short peduncles ; corona
10-eleft, length of corolla; stigma terminated by a bifid point.
^ .'^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. C. ob-
tusifolium, Lin. suppl. 169? Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2.
p. 159. Flowers green ?
Thick-leaved Cynanchum. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub tw.
44 C. Cape'nse (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; leaves ovate-cordate,
obtuse, with a mucrone, and are, as well as the stems, glabrous ;
calyxes downy ; corona 5-cleft, twice shorter than the corolla;
stigma terminated by a bifid point. ^ . '^. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. C. Capense, Lin. suppl. 168. ? Thunb.
prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 159. Flowers white.?
VOL. IV.
Cn-pe Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw.
45 C. fck'tidum (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 202.)
twining, shrubby ; leaves ovate, acuminated, cordate, glabrous ;
racemes pedunculate, equal in length to the leaves ; calyx
downy ; corolla campanulately rotate : segments oblique, obtuse ;
corona 5-parted, with 3-lobed segments : the middle lobe elon-
gated, longer than the gynostegium ; pollen masses fixed be-
neath their apices by short stipes ; stigma naked, convex. F; .
'^. G. Native of Mexico, near Queretaro. Asclepias fce'tida,
Cav. icon. 2. p. 45. t. 158. descript. p. 135. Flowers greenish
yellow, or white, fetid. Branchlets puberulous.
Fetid Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw.
46 C. fimbria'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
203. t. 234.) twining, shrubby, pilose ; leaves ovate-cordate,
sub-acuminated, pilose above, and puberulous beneath ; umbels
sessile ; calyx pilose ; corolla sub-campanulate : with oblong, ob-
tuse segments ; corolla 5-cleft, ciliately fringed in the sinuses :
with bidentate segments, short ; stigma terminated by capitate
point, and densely beset with minute, clavate caruncles, equal
to the corona in length ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apices,
fj . '^. S. Native in shady places near Cumana. Metaplexis
fimbriata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 854. Leaves membranous, on
long petioles. Calycine segments oblong, acute. Corollas
white, glabrous, with a red throat. Perhaps a distinct genus.
Fringed-CTowned Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826.
Shrub tw.
47 C. ? l;eVe (Nutt. gen. amer. l.p. 164.) stem erect, some-
what sarmentose, marked with an alternating downy line ; leaves
smooth, subcordate-ovate, acuminated : having the recess at the
base nearly closed ; margins and nerves minutely downy be-
neath ; petioles very short ; umbels interrupted, compound, on
long peduncles ; segments of corolla ovate-oblong, obtuse ;
corona cylindrical, retusely 5-toothed, nearly entire. 1/. H.
Native of North America. Gonolobus Ise'vis, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 119. Habit of C. vincetoxicum. Flowers small,
greenish white.
Smooth Cynanchum. PI. erect.
48 C. ANGUSTiFOLiuM (Nutt. gcu. amer. 1. p. 164.) twining,
smooth ; leaves narrow-linear, thickish ; umbels on long pedun-
cles ; segments of corolla lanceolate ; corona cylindrical, bluntly
5-toothed. 11 . '^. H. Native from Carolina to Florida, in
marshes. Cerop^gia palustris, Pursh 1. p. 184. Flowers small
and greenish. Follicles unknown.
Narrorv-leaved Cynanchum. PI. tw.
49 C. Humboldtia'num (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 105.) twining,
shrubby ; branches furnished with 2 rows of down ; leaves ob-
long, acute at both ends, somewhat mucronate, glabrous ; umbels
sessile ; calyx rather downy ; corolla campanulate : with oblong
acutish segments ; corona 5-parted, with linear segments, rather
longer than the gynostegium, and about equal to the corolla in
length ; stigma convex. f; . '^. S. Native near Cumana. C.
suberosum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 205. Bark
of stems corky, white. Calycine segments oblong, acutish.
Humboldt's Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
•f" Doubtful species ; the greater number of which do not probably
belong to the genus.
* Species natives of South America.
50 C. tene'lllm (Lin. suppl. p. 168. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1253.)
stems sub-herbaceous, twining ; leaves ovate-oblong, smooth,
small ; umbels irregular, lateral, sessile, shorter than the leaves;
follicles subulate, length of a finger. %. '^. S. Native of New
Granada, Mutis. Leaves about the size of duckweed. Flowers
about the size of a Galium. Stem filiform. Branches alternate.
Slender Cynanchum. PI. twining.
51 C. funa'le (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 427.) stems filiform, twin-
154
ASCLEPIADE^. LXII. Cynanchum.
ing, branched ; leaves very narrow, veedge-shaped, retuse ;
flowers small, lateral, umbellate ; umbels sessile, fj . ^. S.
Native of St. Domingo, Poiteau. Leaves small, hardly petio-
late, 5-6 lines long. Follicles compressed, an inch long.
Rope Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
52 C. peduncula're (Lam. diet. 2. p. 236.) stem twining;
leaves ovate, glabrous on both surfaces ; umbels solitary, axil-
lary, on long peduncles. Ii . ^. S. Native of Guiana. Ap6-
cynum scandens, &c. Plum. cat. 2. Burm. amer. t. 27. f. 2,
Aubl. guian. p. 273. Peduncles a foot long, bearing each an
umbel of white flowers at the apex.
Long-pedunckd Cynanchiun. Shrub twining.
53 C. TOMENTOSUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 236.) twining, villous ;
leaves oval, sub-cordate, mucronate, clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath ; umbels few-flowered. T? . '^. S. Native of the
East Indies.
Tomentose Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
54 C. DENTicuLATUM (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 23.) stems twin-
ing, beset with retrograde hairs ; leaves cordate, oblong, acumi-
nated, denticulated, ciliated, smoothish, except on the ribs and
veins, paler beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 3-flowered ;
petals lanceolate, flat. Tj . '^. S. Native of Guiana. Leaves |
inch long. Pedicels longer than the peduncles. Corolla rotate,
greenish yellow, ciliated. Very like Gonolohus rostratus.
Denliculaled-leavei Cynanchum.
55 C. HiRsu'TUM(Vahl, eclog.2.p. 24.)every part of the plant
clothed with yellow hairs, except the corolla ; leaves cordate-
oblong, short-acuminated ; corolla rotate, glabrous, with roundish
segments, ij . ^. S. Native of Trinidad. Calycine segments
acute, a little longer than the corolla. Leaves 3-4 inches long,
petiolate.
Hairy Cynanchum. Fl.? Clt. 1825. Shrub twining.
56 C. picTUM (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 24.) twining, glabrous ;
leaves oblong, shining ; umbels axillary, pedunculate ; segments
of corolla villous inside, at the apex. V^ . '^. S. Native of
Cayenne. Leaves H inches long, obscurely nerved above,
veinless, very obtuse at the base; pale green beneath, and simply
veined ; nerves and veins purplish, as well as the petioles. Pe-
duncles longer than the petioles. Pedicels longer than the pe-
duncle. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse : of the corolla, ovate,
acute.
I'amtedAeaveA Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
57 C. acumina'ium (Humb. et Bonp. in Willd. rel. mss. ex
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 111.) leaves oblong, much acuminated,
downy beneath ; umbels pedunculate ; stems twining. T; . "^t S.
Native of New Spain, on the banks of the river Atabapo.
Acumi?iatcd-\eaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
58 C. ANGUsTiFOLiuM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 274.) stems twining ;
leaves linear-narrow ; umbels on long peduncles. 1/ . '^. G.
Native of Carolina.
Narrow-leaved Cynanchum. PI. twining.
* * Species natives of /ffrica.
59 C. CRispuM (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 158.)
stem erect, downy, simple ; leaves lanceolate, curled ; flowers
lateral. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro.
Leaves pilose, tapering into the petioles. Flowers axillary, few
or many ; peduncles pilose capillary. Corolla whitish yellow,
sub-campanulate, 5-parted ; segments ovate, drawn out into
long, purple, filiform points. Corona many-toothed, tubular.
In the description of this plant, given in Jacq. fragni. p. 31. t.
36. f. 5, the root is said to be tuberous, fleshy, a foot long. The
stems are said to be numerous, weak, branched, rather villous, 2
feet high. The leaves petiolate, stifl', shining, obtuse, with vil-
lous margins ; the peduncles short, twin, 1 -flowered; the flowers
sweet-scented ; the calyxes villous, with ovate, acute segments ;
the corolla green, with a white campanulate corona, and linear-
obtuse segments.
C«r/(?rf-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
60 C. FiLiFORME (Lin. suppl. 169. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl.
cap. 2. p. 157.) stem erect, simple, pilose; leaves sessile, flat,
linear, pilose ; umbels hairy, ex Thunb. ; flowers verticillate, ex
Lin. ; corona tubular, erect, shorter than the corolla. h . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills at the foot of the
mountains at Krum river. C. vertieillare. Lam. diet. 2. p.
237. Leaves an inch and more long, but still shorter than the
internodes. Corona yellowish. Follicles linear oblong, gla-
brous, a finger long.
Filiform Cynanchum. Shrub 1 foot.
61 C. pe'ndulum (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 429.) stem twining,
rough from stiflT hairs ; leaves ovate-cordate, almost glabrous ;
racemes axillary, very long, pendulous. ^ . '^. S. Native of
Senegal. Leaves on long petioles, pendulous, 2 inches long.
Calyx glabrous. Corolla white. Pedicels ahnost an inch long.
Pendulous-Aowered Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
62 C. hasta'tum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 236.) stem twining, much
branched ; branches rather filiform ; leaves hastately linear,
acute, glabrous. J? • '^. G. Cynanchum, H. R. ex Oriente,
D' Andre.
HastateAeaveA Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
63 C. ARBOREUM (Forsk. aegypt. 53. no. 80. Lam. diet. 2.
p. 237.) stem twining; leaves varying in the same plant, often
ovate, linear-lanceolate or sub-hastate ; corolla rotate. Ij • '^•
G. Native of Arabia. A non-lactescent tree. Flowers green.
Tree Cynanchum. Siirub twining.
64 C. ole«f6lium (Nectoux, voy. en egypt. t. 3.) erect ;
leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, and are, as well as the
stem and calyxes, downy, ex Nectoux, glabrous, ex Delile ; pe-
duncles very long, bifid, 5-6-flovvered ; flowers small, umbel-
late, ex Nectoux ; flowers axillary, cymose, ex Delile. fj .
G. Native of Upper Egypt. C. A'rghel, Delile, mem. sur
egypt. descrip. de I'egypt. t. 2. f. 20. Leaves white, glaucous
beneath, ex Delile. Calycine segments lanceolate. Corolla
white, a little longer than the calyx. The follicles are used like
senna.
Olive-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub erect.
65 C. ra'dians (Lam. diet. 1. p. 236.) stem erect; leaves
cordate, acute, undulated, villous on both surfaces, but most so
beneath ; umbels terminal ; calyx rusty, villous ; corona cylin-
drical, white, longer than the calyx : having 5 linear, obtuse, flat,
horizontal teeth, radiating from the centreabove the fructification ;
follicles ovate, villous. ^. G. Native of Arabia Felix, in dry
places, about BeitelFakih, rare. Asclepiasrkdians, Forsk. aegypt.
49. no. 67. Leaves with white veins. Corolla with a rusty, viola-
ceous, cylindrical tube, having 5 pits at the top, between the
segments of the limb, which are shorter than the tube, compressed
at the base, spirally twisted at the apex, linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, violaceous outside, and of an obscure yellow inside.
i?at/ia/ing'-crowned Cynanchum. PI. i foot.
* * * Species natives of Asia.
66 C. reticula'tum (Retz. obs. 2. p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1258.) stems twining, corky at bottom; leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, glabrous, flat ; umbels axillary ; follicles ovate, smooth.
tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps the same as C.
inodurum, Lour.
Reticulated-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
67 C. iNODORUM (Lour. coch. p. 166.) stems twining, corky at
bottom ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles sub-
divided. Tj . ^. S. Native of Cochinchina. ? Flowers small,
yellow, scentless. Corolline segments linear, twisted, longer
than the tube ; corolla more salver-shaped than rotate. Co-
ASCLEPIADE^E. LXII. Cynanchum. LXIII. Metaplexis. LXIV. Ditassa.
155
rona cylindrical, 5-cleft. Follicles oblong, acuminated, tomen-
tose. Stigma sessile, ovate-oblong, large.
6'reH^/eis-flovvered Cynanchum. Shrub twining.
68 C. Fu'scuM (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 111.) stem rooting at the
base, and branched at the apex ; leaves cordate-lanceolate,
small, bearded at the base ; umbels axillary, twin. 1/ .
G. Native of Cochinchina, on old walls, and among ruins.
Asclepias i'usca. Lour. coch. p. 170. Leaves small. Flowers
brownish jjurple, small ; corona of 5 auricles, without horns.
Follicles 2, small, subulate, ventricose outside, and flat inside.
Seeds curved, comose.
Z?ro)i'n-flowered Cynanchum. PI. creeping.
C9 C. mucrona'tum (Andr. bot. rep. t. 515.) stems hairy;
leaves subcordate, mucronate ; umbels interpetiolar, axillary,
compound ; corollas rotate, greenish purple ; segments acute,
reflexed, twisted. H , '^, S. Native of Trinidad. Pollen masses
pendulous.
MitcronateAeaved Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804.
Shrub tw.
70 C. VERSICOLOR (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118.)
corona simple, bluntly 5-lobed ; segments of corolla ovate, acute,
downy; umbels axillary, sessile; leaves oblong-ovate, or cor-
date, acute, downy ; stem twining. fj . ^. G. Native of
China, on mountains, near Lun-zuan-ssy, and Zui-wey-skan.
Corolla at first greenish, then brown. Nearly allied to C, viri-
diflcrum.
Parti-coloured-dowered Cynanchum. PI. twining.
71 C. atra'tum (Bunge, 1. c. p. 119.) corona simple, bluntly
5-lobed ; coroUine segments oblong, emarginate at the apex,
downy outside; calyxes and pedicels tomcntose; umbels axil-
lary, sessile ; leaves on short petioles, broad-ovate-oblong, acute,
with undulated edges, densely downy above, tomentose beneath,
as well as the stems. 1/ . '^. G. Native of China, near Ssi-jui-
ssy, and Tan-schan. Flowers dark brown.
Z)ar/:-flowered Cynanchum. PL 1 to 2 feet.
N.B. — What is C. cirrhosum, Swartz, in cat. hort. Dorp. 1810,
and Hort. Govenk.
Cult. For the culture and propagation of the hardy species,
see Asclepias, p. 143. ; and for that of the tender species see
Pergulilria, p. 133.
LXin. METAPLE'XLS (from ^£r«, mcta, with, and ttXiko,,
pleco, to fold ; in reference to the cucullate leaflets of corona).
R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 48.
Lin. syst. Pentandiia, Digynia. Corolla subrotate. Sta-
mineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets small, cucullate, alternatino'
with the anthers. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses ventricose, pendulous, fixed by their sides. Stigma fur-
nished with an undivided elongated beak. Follicles unknown.
— A twining glabrous subshrub. Leaves cordate, opposite.
Racemes pedunculate, interpetiolar. Limb of corolla bearded.
1 i\L Stauntonii (Rccm. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 111.). Jj .
'^. G. Native of China, in the province of Peckeley, Sir G.
Staunton. The only certain species.
Staunton's Metaplexis. Shrub tw.
2 M. ? mucrona'ta (Spreng. neuw. entd. 1. p. 269. syst. 1.
p. 854.) leaves subcordate-oblong, mucronate, glaucous, gla-
brous ; peduncles umbellately 6-flowered, shorter than the
petioles. Tj . '^. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Ascl. mucronata, Thunb. Corolla urceolate, white inside ; teeth
alternating with the pollen masses, which are cream-coloured
and oblong, united imder the plicae of the column into a fulvous
heap.
M«crona<£-leaved Metaplexis. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Perguldria, p. 133. for culture and propagation.
§ 3. Gynostegium appendiculale. Corona compound, in 2-3
series; each series with a distinct insertion. Throat of corolla
without scales.
LXIV. DITA'SSA (from ciq, dis, double, and maaw, tasso,
to dispose ; in reference to the double corona). R. Br. in mem.
wern. soc. 1. p. 49. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 51.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate. Sta-
mineous corona double : outer one 5-parted ; the segments acu-
minated ; inner one 5-leaved, shorter, opposite the exterior ones
and anthers. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen
masses ventricose, fixed beneath their apexes, pendulous. Stigma
ending in an obtuse point. Follicles smooth ? — Twining, gla-
brous shrubs, natives of Brazil. Leaves opposite, flat. Umbels
interpetiolar.
1 Ba'nksii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 1 12.) glabrous ;
leaves flat ; flowers umbellate. Ij . ^. S. Native of Brazil,
near Rio Janeiro, where it was collected by Sir Joseph Banks.
Banks's Ditassa. Shrub tw.
2 D. decussa'ta (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 51. t. 31. f. 1.)
shrubby, erect ; leaves sessile, approximate, ovate-cordate, with
reflexed sides, inversely navicular, wrinkled, hairy ; peduncles
many-flowered; flowers subcymose. fj . S. Native of Brazil,
in the diamond district of the province of Minas Geraes, in
rugged mountainous places, at Lavras da Pindaiba. Stem vil-
lous. Corolla whitish green outside.
Decussate-\eaved Ditassa. Shrub erect.
3 D. mucrona'ta (Mart. 1. c. p. 52. t. 31. f. 2.) frutescent ;
stem twining ; branches usually erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
downy, on short petioles, bluntish, but mucronate, with reflexed
edges ; flowers umbellate, larger than those of the preceding
species. I^ . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, on hills at Morro de Villa Rica.
Afucronate-leaved Ditassa. Shrub tw.
4 D. PASSERiNoiDES (Mart. 1. c. p. 53.) frutescent, erect ;
leaves cordate at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire,
almost sessile, approximate, with reflexed edges ; umbels few-
flowered. I;. S. Native of Brazil, on the alps in the diamond
district of the province of Minas Geraes. Very like D. decus-
sata, and probably only a variety of it.
Passerina-like Ditassa. Shrub erect.
5 D. acerosa (Mart. 1. c.) frutescent, erect ; leaves linear,
somewhat acerose, sometimes 3-4 in a whorl, villous ; flowers
umbellate. f; . S. Native of Brazil, on mount Itambe da
Villa do Principe.
/^cerose-leaved Ditassa. Shrub erect.
6 D. l.e'vis (Mart. 1. c.) frutescent, nearly erect ; branches
loose ; leaves on short petioles, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, flat,
glabrous on both surfaces ; umbels many-flowered ; peduncles
shorter than the flowers. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, on the
ascent to moiuit Itambe, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Smooth Ditassa. Shrub erect.
7 D. linea'ris (Mart. 1. c.) suffrutescent, twining ; leaves on
short petioles, linear, acute, mucronate, flat, glabrous on both
surfaces ; umbels few-flowered ; pedicels equal to the flowers,
f; . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in Morro de Villa Rica. Flowers
larger than any of its congeners.
Linear-\ea.\'ed Ditassa. Shrub tw.
8 D. RETu'sA (Mart. I.e.) frutescent, twining ; leaves petio-
late, obovate-lanceolate, retuse, mucronate, glabrous, with flat
edges ; flowers umbellate, h . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Minas Geraes, on the ascent to Serra do
Caraca.
Retuse-leaved Ditassa. Shrub tw.
9 D. obcorda'ta (Mart. 1. c.) frutescent, twining; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate-roundish, reflexed, complicate, glabrous on both
X 2
156
ASCLEPIADE^. LXV. Dxmia. LXVI. Sarcostemma.
surfaces ; flowers umbellate. Ij . '^. S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Minas Geraes, in grassy places of the diamond
district,
06cor(/ate-leaved Ditassa. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Calotropis, p. 147.
LXV. D^E'MIA (altered from the Arabic name of Z). For*-
kae'li). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 50. — Asclepias species
of authors. — Cynanchura species, Jacq.
Lin. syst. Pentdndna, Digynia. Corolla subrotate, with a
short tube. Stamineous corona double : outer one short, 10-
parttd ; the alternate segments short : inner one of 5 leaves ;
leaflets loose at the base, undulated at apex. Anthers termi-
nated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, fixed by their
apexes, pendulous. Stigma mutic. Follicles ramentaceous.
Seeds comose. — Stems twining. Leaves opposite, cordate.
Flowers umbellate. Natives of the East Indies, and equi-
noctial Africa.
1 D. exte'nsa (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 50. Wight
and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 59.) shrubby, twining ; leaves
roundish-cordate, acuminated, acute, auricled at the base,
downy, glaucous beneath ; peduncles and pediceb elongated,
filiform ; margins of corolla ciliated. Pj . '^. S. Native of
the East Indies, in various parts, as well as on the banks of the
Ganges ; and at Sumhata, in the Himalaiah. Cynanchium cor-
difolium, Retz. obs. 2. p. 15. Asclepias echinata, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 44. mus. ind. or. cent. t. 616. Cynanchum extensum,
Jacq. icon. rar. t. 54. Ait. hort. kevv. ed. 1. vol. l.p. 303.
Cynanchum bicolor, Andr. bot. rep. 5G2. Flowers white.
Extended Hiema. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub tw.
2 D. corda'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) shrubby, twining; leaves reni-
fornily cordate, acute, villously tomentose, as well as the
branches, &c. ; umbels corymbose ; pedicels hairy, | inch long,
f; . '^. S. Native of Arabia Felix, and in the deserts about
Cairo, and on arid hills in Barbary, about Kerouan, Asclepias
cordata, Forsk. arab. p. 49. but not of Burm. fl. zeyl. p. 72.
which is Pcrgularia odoralissima. Pergularia tomentosa, Lin.
mant. p. 53. Vabl. symb. 1. p. 23. Desf. fl. atl. I. p. 209.
Corolla livid or rusty green, 4 times longer than the calyx. Co-
rona white.
Corrfa/e-Ieaved Daemia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. tw.
3 D. Guinee'nsis ; shrubby, twining, hairy ; leaves cordate ;
lobes rounded behind ; petioles long : umbels racemose,
downy. fj . ^. S. Native of Guinea, in various parts. As-
clepias scandens, Beauv. fl. d'owar. 1. p. 92. t. 56. Dse^mia
scandens, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 94. Flowers white,
in crowded umbels.
Guinea Dxxmn. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw.
4 D. FoRSKfE'Ll (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 113.) shrubby, twining;
leaves cordate, acute. Tj . '^. S. Native of Arabia Felix.
Asclepias Dae'mia, Forsk. oegypt. 51. no. 72. Flowers white.
Follicles terete, subulate, 2 inches long, a little incurved, green,
hispid from bent bristles. Perhaps distinct from Asclepias
(Gonolobus) setosus.
ForskceVs Daemia. Shrub tw.
5 D. gla'bra (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 113.) shrubby, twining;
leaves ovate, acuminated, flat, quite glabrous ; flowers umbellate,
white. Fj . '^. S. Native of Arabia Felix, at Taaes. Ascle-
pias glabra, Forsk. aegypt. 51. no. 74. Probably distinct from
the preceding.
Glabrous Daemia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXVI. SARCOSTE'MMA (from aapl aapmc, sar.T sarcos,
flesh, and (rTt/i/ia, stemma, a crown ; in reference to the leaflets
of the inner corona being fleshy). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1.
p. 50. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. 59. — Asclepias
species of Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Stami-
neous corona double ; outer one cup-shaped or annular, cre-
nated : inner one 5-leaved, higher than the outer one ; leaflets
fleshy. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses
fixed by their apexes, pendulous. Stigma mutic or apiculated.
Follicles slender, smooth. Seeds comose. Stems twining or
decumbent, leafless, articulated ; or with distant opposite leaves.
Flowers umbellate, lateral, or terminal. Natives of the East
Indies and New Holland, as well as of South America.
* Species natives of the East Indies.
1 S. vimina'le (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 51. Wight
and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 59.) twining, leafless ; umbels
terminal; calyxes and pedicels canescent ; outer corona 10-
plicate, 10-toothed: teeth nearly equal: leaflets of the inner
corona flattish, exceeding the anthers ; stigma apiculated, bifid.
^. ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Wall. ascl. no. 99. c.
Wight, cat. no. 1556. Cynanchum viminale, Lin. syst. p. 257.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1252. Lam. diet. 2. p. 233. ? Euphorbia
viminale, Lin. spec. 2. p. 649. Mill. diet. no. 15. Apocynum
viminale, Bass. act. bonn. Telfel-Tavil, Alpin. aegypt. 190. ?
Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Twiggy Sarcostemma. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. Shrub tw.
2 S. Brunonia'na (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p.
59.) twining, leafless; umbels lateral, sessile; calyx and pe-
dicels canescent; outer corona subplicate, with a 10-crenated
border : the alternate crena; almost obsolete ; inner corona
shorter than the anthers ; stigma apiculated, nearly entire.
Ij . '^. S. Native of the south of Coromandel.
Brown's Sarcostemma. Shrub tw.
3 S. BREVisTiGMA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, leafless ;
umbels terminal, or terminating the short lateral branches ; calyx
and pedicels glabrous; outer corona 10-plicate, 10-crenate ;
leaflets of inner corona gibbous on the back, equal to the gy-
nostegium ; stigma mutic. 'j . '^. S. Native of Coromandel.
Wight, cat. no. 1558. S. viminale. Wall. ascl. no. 99. b. As-
clepias acida, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 31. Asclepias aphylla, Roxb.
in mus. ind. orient, t. 607.
Short-stigmaed Sarcostemma. Shrub tw.
* * Species Natives of New Holland.
4 S. austra LE (R. Br. prod. p. 463.) leafless, articulated,
decumbent, sometimes twining ; umbels lateral or terminal ,
having the stem drawn out beyond the umbel in the same direc-
tion ; common receptacle of pedicels convex, excentric. 1; . ^.
S. Native of New Holland, on the south shore and within the
tropic. Very nearly allied to <S'. viminale. According to Wight
and Arnott, in contrib. ind. bot. p. 59. the character given to
this species is applicable to them all, and perhaps even it con-
tains two species, one with lateral and the other with terminal
inflorescence.
Southern Sarcostemma. Shrub tw. or decumbent.
* * * Species natives of Africa.
5 S. Thunbe'rqii ; leafless, erect, branched ; geniculately
flexuous ; flowers solitary, pedunculate. fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro, beyond the Hartequas Kloof,
near Hexrivier. S. aphyllum, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 116. As-
clepias aphylla, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 153.
Branches alternate. Follicles lanceolate, a hand long.
Thunbcrg's Sarcostemma. Shrub erect.
6 S. rYROTECHNicuM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 51.)
leafless, erect, branched, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, tuber-
cled, solitary, twin or tern, bearing each a capitate head of flowers
ASCLEPIADE^. LXVI. Sarcostemma. LXVII. Philibertia.
157
at top ; exterior corona cup-shaped. ^ . G. Native of Arabia.
Cynanchum pyrotechnicum, Forsk. aegypt. p. 53. no. 79. Lam.
diet. 2. p. 236. Microloina pyrotechnicum, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 855. Branches and stem green. Pedicels filiform, yellowish.
Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Segments of corolla yellow above,
green beneath and at the base, lanceolate, with reflexed edges.
Follicles terete, curved, attenuated at the base. In Arabia the
medulla of the plant is used as tinder.
Tinder Sarcostemma. Shrub.
7 S. STiPiTA'cEUM(Roem. et Schidtes, syst. 6. p. 1 16.) leafless,
branched, diffuse, articulated, rather mealy ; umbels termin-
ating the short opposite branches, or at the tops and sides of
the main brandies; outer corona membranous, cup-shaped,
pentagonal; leaflets of inner corona thick, incurved, longer than
the gynostegium. Jj . G. Native of Arabia Felix, at Yemen,
in woods. Asclepias stipitacea, Forsk. arab. 50. no. 69. Lam.
diet. 1. p. 285. Stems of an obscure blue colour; joints 3
inches long. Pedicels filiform, about 12 in an umbel. Calyx
small, 5-])arted. Corolla with green segments ; having reflexed
edges, and a white corona. Follicles slender, flat on one side
and convex on the other, 3 inches long.
Siipitdle Sarcostemma. Shrub 3 feet.
8 S. Forskcelia'ni'M (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. p. 117.)
leafless, twining, glabrous, green, articulated, branched ; co-
rymbs or umbels twin, on short branches, forming corymbs at
the joints of the stems. Tj . '^. S. Native of Arabia Felix,
and in woods near mount Melhan. Asclepias aphylla, Forsk.
aegypt. p. 5. no. 68. Lam. diet. 1. p. 285. Stems fleshy,
green. Joints a span long. Peduncles twin, on short branches,
and corymbose at the joints. Flowers pedicellate, white,
crowded into a globose corymb. Corona as in Calotropis gi-
gantea, ex Forsk. Perhaps not distinct from S. viminate.
ForshceVs Sarcostemma. Shrub cl. or tw.
* * * * Species natives of tropical America. Umbels inter-
petiolar. Those species contained in this section differ materially
in habit from the other species ; and may probably form hereafter
a distinct genus.
9 S. GLAu'cuM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 194.
t. 229.) twining ; branches terete, and are as well as the peduncles
and leaves glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, acute at the
base, glabrous beneath ; calyx ciliated ; umbels interpetiolar,
on long peduncles ; segments of corolla fringed, acute ; outer
corona undulated, annular, fleshy, 5-parted : lobes fringed ;
leaflets of the inner corona ovate-oblong, obtuse, fleshy, higher
than the anthers. 1/ . '^. S. Native of La Guayra, Mayqueties,
and Cabo Blanco, by the sea side. Cynanchum pedunculare,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 236. Leaves membranous, revolute, green above.
Flowers size of those of Asclepias Syrlaca, white. Gynoste-
gium twice as long as the tube of the corolla. Pollen masses
subclavate, yellow, angular at the base, and geniculately in-
flexed. Stigma terminated by a subconical, 2-lobed point.
G/a«co«s-leaved Sarcostemma. Shrub tw.
10 S. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 195.) twining;
branches, peduncles, and calyxes clothed with silky down ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, rounded at the base, membra-
nous, having the margins and middle nerves downy ; segments
of corolla ciliated, downy outside, many-nerved ; outer corona
narrow ; leaflets of inner corona ovate-oblong, obtuse, fleshy,
flat, equal in height to the gynostegium, but three times shorter
than the corolla, green, li. ^. S. Native along with S. glail-
cum. Flowers size of those of S. gltiucmn. Pollen masses
linear-oblong, obtuse, the rest as in .S'. glaiicum. Leaves nearly
2 inches long and ^ an inch broad. Stigma terminated by a
conical, 2-lobed point.
Downy Sarcostemma. PI. tw.
1 1 S. Cumane'nse (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) twining ; branches
and peduncles glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated,
obtuse at the base, membranous, puberulous ; calyxes downy ;
outer corona narrow, undulated ; segments of corolla ovate,
acute ; leaflets of inner corona oblong, obtuse, fleshy ; gynos-
tegium as in the preceding, i;.? '^. S. Native near Cumana,
in sandy places. Leaves 2 inches long and 2.j-3 lines broad.
Corolla white.
Cumana Sarcostemma. PI. tw.
12 S. Brownii (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 139.) twining, gla-
brous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels inter-
petiolar ; pedicels, calyxes, and corolla downy ; segments of
corolla ovate, bluntish, concave, glabrous inside ; outer corona
an entire, narrow ring ; leaflets of inner corona ovate, bluntish,
glabrous, a little higher than the gynostegium. h .1 '^. S.
Native of Carthagena, Jacq. ; island of Arowabish, in hedges,
ex Meyer. S. clausum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. \\i.
Cynanchum clausum, Jacq. amer. 1. p. 87. t. 60. f. 2. ed. pict.
t. 87. Asclepias viminilis, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1270.? — Plum,
icon. t. 27. f. 2. ? Lower leaves larger and broadish ovate-
oblong ; the upper ones becoming gradually narrower, with
revolute edges : painted with white on the nerves, and greenish
blue on the veins. Calyx small. Pollen masses oblong, a little
curved, hairy, hanging by short pedicels rising from blackish
glands. Pedicels furnished with minute villous bracteas at the
base.
Browne's Sarcostemma. Shrub tw.
13 S. Swartzia'num (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 115.)
twining, filiform, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; umbels
interpetiolar, many-flowered ; segments of corolla ovate, acute,
concave, ciliated ; outer corona ? leaflets of inner corona sessile,
ovate-conical. !;■ . '^. S. Native of the south of Jamaica, in
sandy arid places, among bushes by the sides of rivulets. As-
clepias viminalis, Swartz, prod. p. 53. fl. in<l. occ. 1. p. 539.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1270.? Asclepias scandens, Mill. — Sloan,
jam. 89. hist. 1. p. 207. t. 131. f. 1. Plum. icon. 27. f. 2.
Pedicels naked. Corolla white. Follicles oblong, acuminated,
compressed at the base, downy, hoary.
Swartz's Sarcostemma. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw.
14 S. LiNEA RE (Spreng. syst. I. p. 853.) plant erectish, her-
baceous ; leaves almost sessile, linear, glabrous ; umbels axil-
lary, many-flowered. If.. S. Native of Cumana.
Linear-\ea\ed Sarcostemma. PI. erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112.
LXVn. PHILIBE'RTIA (named after J. C. Philibert, who
has written some works on elementary botany). H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 195.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla urceolately rotate,
sinuately 5-lobed; lobes acute, intersected by as many teeth.
Corona double ; outer one ring-formed, in the bottom of the
corolla, entire, fleshy, undulated ; inner one inserted higher up
with the tube of the filaments, 5 -leaved : leaflets entire. Anthers
terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses clavately cylindrical,
fixed beneath their apexes, pendulous. Stigma biapiculated.
Follicles unknown. — A twining shrub. Leaves opposite, cor-
date, soft, tomtntose. Umbels interpetiolar, involucrated. —
This genus is very nearly allied to Sarcostemma, from which
it principally diflers in the urceolate. sinuately 5-lobed corolla.
1 P. SOLANOIDES (H. B. et Kuntli, I. c. p. 196. t. 230.)
Ij . '^. S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon, near
Tomependa. Leaves green above and hoary beneath, 1 inch
and more long, 4-5 lines broad. Umbels 8-10-flowered, about
equal in length to the leaves. Corollas large, downy outside.
Solanum-like Philibertia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Perguldria, p. 133.
158 ASCLEPIADEjE. LXVIIL Eustegia. LXIX. Metastelma. LXX. Microloma. LXXI. Astephanus.
LXVIII. EUSTKGIA (from eu, eu, well, and (rrtyw, stego,
to cover ; in reference to the triple corona). R. Br. in mem.
warn. see. 1. p. 51. — Apocymmi species of Thunb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digy'n'm. Corolla rotate. Co-
rona triple, each composed of 5 leaves ; outer one inserted in
the throat of tlie corolla, having its leaflets opposite the seg-
ments of the limb ; the leaflets of the rest alternating with those
of the outer, but opposite the anthers ; leaflets of tlie middle
corona tripartite, of the inner one undivided. Anthers termi-
nated by a membrane ; pollen masses fixed by their tapering
apexes, pendulous. Stigma submutic. Follicles unknown. —
Dwarf decumbent herbs. Leaves opposite, hastate. Flowers
subumbellate. Umbels interpetiolar.
1 E. hasta'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 119.) branches
decumbent ; leaves hastate, ciliated. % . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. neue. entd. p. 268. t. 5. f. 5-10.
Apocynum hastatum, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 164.
act. nov. petrop. 14. p. 514. t. 9. f. 6. A.minutum, Lin. suppl.
p. 169. Branches and peduncles downy. Leaves glabrous.
Hastate-\e?i\eA Eustegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI.
dec.
2 E. FiLiFORMis (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 120.) stems
decumbent; leaves linear-filiform. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, in sandy fields at Swartland. Apocynum fili-
forme, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 160. Stems, pe-
duncles, and pedicels dow ny. Leaves glabrous.
Filiform-\ea.\ cA Eustegia. PI. dec.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112.
§ 4. Stammeous tube or gynostegium naked. Corona wanting.
LXIX. METASTE'LMA (from jutra, vieta, instead, and
tTTeX/jn, stclma, a crown ; the throat is crowned by 5 exserted
teeth instead of a corona). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 52.
— Cynanchum species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate ;
throat crowned by 5 exserted teeth, which are opposite the
recesses between the segments, and running down the tube
inside. Stamineous corona wanting. Anthers terminated by a
membrane ; pollen masses compressed, fixed by their attenuated
apexe , pendulous. Stigma mutic. Follicles unknown. — A per-
ennial, twining, glabrous plant. Leaves opposite, membranous.
Umbels interpetiolar, almost sessile. Flowers small.
1 M. parviflorum (R.Br. I.e.). 1/ . ? '^. S. Native of
the West Indies, among bushes on the mountains. Cynanchum
parviflorum, Swartz, prod. p. 53. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 537. — Plum,
icon. 215. f. 1. Leaves ovate, subidate at top. Stems bluntly
tetragonal. Flowers small, whitish green.
Small-JluKered Metastelma. PI. tvv.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXX. MICROLO'MA (from /jiKpoc, micros, small, and
\tofia, loma, a fringe ; in reference to the fascicles of hairs in
the tube of the corolla). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 53.
— Ceropegia species, Lin. and Thunb. Lam. ill. t. 179.
LiN. sysT. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla ureeolate, with a
ventricose angular tube, a naked throat, and a short limb.
Scales 5, inclosed, inserted in the middle of the tube under the
recesses, alternating with as many fascicles of hairs. Sta-
mineous corona none. Anthers sagittate, terminated by a mem-
brane ; pollen masses compressed, fixed by their apexes, pendu-
lous. Stigma apiculated. Follicles unknown. — Twining sub-
shrubs. Leaves opposite. Umbels interpetiolar.
1 M. sagitta'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves sagittate, downy ;
limb of corolla acutish. Pj . ^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on sandy hills. Ceropegia sagittata, Lin. mant.
215. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 37. fl. cap. 2. p. 148. nov. act.
petrop. t. 14. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. p. 17. t. 38. — •Burm.
afr. 36. t. 15. Stems villous or tomentose. Corolla scarlet,
ex Lin. ; purple, but green at the base and apex, ex Thunb.
SagittateAeAveA Microloma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775.
Shrub tw.
2 M. linea're (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, glabrous ; limb of
corolla very blunt. )j . '"'. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, on hills. Ceropegia tenuiflora, Lin. syst. 21 1. Thunb.
prod. 1. p. 37. fl. cap. 2. p. 147. Periploca tenuiflora, Lin.
spec. p. 310. Ceropegia tenuifolia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 277. —
Burm. afr. 37. t. 16. f. 1.?— Plukn. mant. 17. t. 335. f. 5.
Stems glabrous. Corollas blood-coloured, ex Thunb.
iincar-leaved Microloma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh.
twining.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112.
LXXI. ASTE'PHANUS (from a priv. and aTe<j>avos, ste-
jihanos, a corona; corona none). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1.
p. 54. — Apocynum species, Lin. fil. and Thunb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate,
having the throat and tube without scales. Stamineous corona
wanting. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses
pendulous. Stigma cordate or mutic. Follicles unknown. —
Perennial, usually twining plants. Leaves opposite. Umbels
interpetiolar. Flowers small. This genus differs chiefly from
Microloma in the want of scales within the tube of the corolla.
1 A. TRIFLORUS (R. Br. 1. c. Schultcs, syst. 6. p. 122.)
stems twining, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, villous beneath ; um-
bels generally 3-flowered. \} . '^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Cynanchum triflorum, Lin. fil. suppl. 169.
Thimb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 161. Corollas white.
Filaments and anthers connate.
Three-Jlojvercd Astephanus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816.
Shrub tw.
2 A. linea'ris (R. Br. 1. c. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 123.) stems
twining, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; umbels trichoto-
mous, lateral, and terminal. Tj . '^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in Swartland. Cynanchum line'^re, Lin. fil. suppl.
169. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 160. Leaves an inch
long. Corollas white.
ZinefYr-leaved Astephanus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816.
Shrub tw.
3 A. lanceola'tus (R. Br. 1. c. Schultes, 1. c.) stems twin-
ing, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; umbels usually 3-
flowered. Tj . '^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Apocynum lanceol^tum, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p.
162. Corollas white. Leaves rounded at the base.
Za;!ceo/a/e-leaved Astephanus. Shrub tw.
4 A.? corda'tus (R. Br. 1. c. Schultes, 1. c.) stems twin-
ing, hairy ; leaves ovate, rounded at the base, villous beneath
and glabrous above ; umbels interpetiolar. h-^- ^- Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. Apocynum cordatum,
Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 163. Leaves more than
an inch long. Calycine segments laciniated, acute. Corolla
greenish, 5-parted to the base ; segments ovate, concave, obtuse.
Filaments distinct ; anthers combined; stigmas obtuse. Folli-
cles 2, oblong. Styles 2, filiform.
C'ort/afe-leaved Astephanus. Shrub tw.
5 A. Massonii (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 124. ex R. Br. 1. c.)
shrubby ; branches spinescent ; leaves small, opposite, distant,
cordate ; corolla more ureeolate than campanulate, the orifice
of the tube furnished with deflexed hairs. tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, where it was detected by Masson.
The pollen masses are fixed by their attenuated apexes. The
follicles are nearly cylindrical, and smooth, with the seeds of the
usual structure.
ASCLEPIADEiE. LXXI. Astepiianus. LXXII. Pentasacme. LXXIII. Hybanthera. LXXIV. Secamone. 159
Masson's Astepiianus. Shrub.
6 A. Cube'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 20C.
t. 237.) stems twining, glabrous, or beset with recurved pili ;
leaves lanceolate, a little acuminated, glabrous, ciliated ; umbels
many-flowered ; corollas bearded inside. h . '^. S. Native of
Cuba, near Regla. Periploca parviflora, Willd. herb. P. Hum-
boldtiana, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 129. Leaves 12-14 lines long.
Petioles 2 lines long, slender. Umbels furnished with many
oblong-ovate bracteas, shorter than the leaves. Corolla 5-
cleft, white ; with an inflated globose tube ; ovate, lanceolate
segments, which are narrow linear at top, fleshy and connivent.
Colinnn short. Pollen masses clavate, yellow. Stigma conical.
Perhaps a separate genus.
Cuba Astephanus. Shrub tw.
7 A. Berte'rii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 855.) twining, glabrous;
leaves cordate-oblong, acute; peduncles usually 1-flowered;
corolla rotate, glabrous, 5-parted. ^ . '^. S. Native of New
Granada, Bertero.
Bertcro's Astephanus. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ce/o/;en^ia, p. 112.
LXXII. PENTASA'CME (from ttevte, ;)en/e, five, aniaK/xr,,
akme, a point ; in reference to the 5 scales in the throat of the
corolla). Wall. ascl. no. 74. Wight et Arnott, contrib. ind.
bot. p. CO.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate, 5-
cleft ; throat crowned by 5 scales, which alternate with the
segments ; aestivation valvate. Staniineous corona wanting.
Anthers free, simple, or acuminated at ihe apex. Pollen masses
pendulous, fixed above their middle, with coarctate pellucid tips.
Stigma mutic or apiculated. — Slender, erect, niuch-branclied
herbs. Leaves opposite, flat, membranous. Umbels almost
sessile, few-flowered. Segments of corolla 2-3 times longer
than the tube, narrow-linear. This genus is allied, in many
points, with Leptadenia, but is distinguished by the form of the
corolla, by the pendulous pollen masses, and by the different
habit.
1 P. cauda'tum (Wall. ascl. no. 75. Wight and Arnott, I.e.)
leaves lanceolate, long-attenuated ; segments of corolla subu-
late ; scales in the tiiroat largish, 4- cleft; anthers obtuse;
stigma inutic. 1/ . G. Native of Silhet, and the mountains of
Lahore.
TailcdAeaved Pentasacme. PI.
2 P. Wallichii (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 60.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated ; umbels almost sessile, few-flowered ; seg-
ments of corolla linear, obtuse ; scales in the throat small,
gland-formed; anthers acuminated; stigma beaked. %. G.
Native of Silhet. Wall. ascl. no. 74. unnamed.
WaUich's Pentasacme. PI.
Cidt. For culture and propagation see Calotropis, p. 147.
LXXIII. HYBANTHKRA (from bftoc, Ivjbos, a curve, and
avQr]ua, anthcra, an anther ; anthers gibbous on the back).
Endlicher, prod. ins. norf. fl. p. 59.
Lin. syst. Pentandr'm, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Corona
none. Anthers gibbous on the back, terminated by a mem-
brane ; pollen masses pendulous, fixed by their tips. Stigma
mutic. Follicles unknown. — A twining shrub, with opposite
leaves and interpetiolar umbels of flowers.
1 H. BiGLANDULosA (Endl. 1. c. Baucr. pi. ins. norf. t. 162.)
h^ . ^. G. Native of Norfolk Island. Leaves ovate-oblong,
petiolate, cuspidately mucronate, 2 inches long, glabrous, shin-
ing above and pale beneath. Umbels interpetiolar, racemose,
4-8-flowered, a little longer than the petioles. Corollas pale
green.
Biglandidar Hybanthera. Shrub tw.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
Tribe IV.
SECAMONE'iE (this tribe contains genera agreeing with
Secamone in several particular characters). Pollen masses 20,
smooth, fixed by fours to the top of each of the corpuscles of
the stigma, which are exsulcate. Filaments connate, appendi-
culate outside.
LXXIV. SECAMO'NE {Squamouna is the Arabic name of
S. /Egyptlaca). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 55. — Peri-
ploca species of Lin. and others.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Stami-
neous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets laterally compressed, fixed
lengthwise by their margins, averse, simple. Pollen masses erect.
Stigma coarctate at top. Follicles smooth. — Erect or twining,
glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. Cymes dichotomous, in-
terpetiolar. Flowers minute. — Natives of Africa, the East
Indies, and New Holland. From the extreme minuteness of
the parts, no genus is more difficult to determine than this.
* Species natives of the East Indies.
1 S. eme'tica (R. Br. I.e. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 124. Wight
and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 60.) twining, glabrous; leaves
from elliptic to narrow-lanceolate ; cymes shorter than the
leaves ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of corona cultriform, nearly
one half shorter than the gynostegium ; follicles slender, atte-
nuated at the apex. Ij . '^. S. Native of the East Indies, at
the roots of mountains, among other bushes. Wall. ascl. no.
102. Wight, cat. no. 1559. Periploca emetica, Retz, obs. 2.
p. 14. Willd. phyt. 1. p. 6. t. 5. f. 2. Periploca cymosa,
Roxb. Cynanchum vomitorum. Lam. 2. p. 235. ex Poir. ?
ined. The other species mentioned by R. Br. 1. c. is probably
the Toxocdrpus Roxburghii. The roots of this plant are used
in place of ipecacuanha.
£?«e«(c Secamone. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw.
2 S. Finlaysonia'na (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot.
p. 61.) twining, glabrous; leaves oval, acuminated, almost ses-
sile ; cymes longer than the leaves, with flexuous branches ;
corolla glabrous ; leaflets of corona about equal in length to the
gynostegium. %. ^. S. Native of the East Indies, where
it was collected by Dr. Finlayson. — Wall. ascl. no. 103. un-
named.
Finlayson's Secamone. Shrub tw.
3 S. MARiTiMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1050.) flowers villous inside,
disposed in dense cymes ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both
ends, smoothish, veinless above ; stem twining. Jj . ^. S.
Native of the island of Nusae Kambanga, l)y the sea side.
Sea side Secamone. Fl. Nov. Shrub tw.
4 S. auricula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1051.) flowers glabrous,
disposed in corymbose panicles ; leaves oval, acutish, obsoletely
biauriculate at the base, veiny, glabrous ; stem twining, h^ ■ '^•
S. Native of Java, on the Salak mountains.
AuricledAeaved Secamone, Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub tw.
5 S. linea'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1051.) flowers glabrous, dis-
posed in loose panicles ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated,
rather emarginate at the base, glabrous, full of fine parallel
veins ; stem twining. >; . ^. S. Native of Java, in shady
places, on mount Salak, where it is called Aroy kakarvalan.
Zmerf-leaved Secamone. Fl. June, Sept. Shrub tw.
6 S. tANCEOLA TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1051.) flowers glabrous,
subcorymbose ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, finely veined,
glabrous, shining ; stem twining ; branches nodose at the in-
sertion of the leaves. ^.'~^.S. Nativeof Java, in calcareous
soil, frequent.
160
ASCLEPIADE^. LXXIV. Secamone. LXXV. Toxocarpus. LXXVI. Goniostemma.
f.anceolale-]eaved Secamone. Fl. May, June. Shrub tw.
7 S. viLLosA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1050.) flowers disposed in di-
cliotomous cymes ; tliroatof corolla villous ; leaves oval-oblong,
acutisli, veinless above, and rather villous beneath; stems twin-
ing, terete, clothed with fulvous tomentum. Ij . '^. S. Native
of Java, among bushes, about Batavia.
Villous Secamone. Fl. year. Shrub tw.
8 S. macrophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. p. 1050.) flowers disposed
in spicate panicles ; corolla villous outside ; leaves ovate, acut-
ish, coriaceous, glabrous, veiny ; stems twining, tetragonal.
I- . '^. S. Native of Java, in mountain woods.
Var. (i, filha (Blum. 1. c.) leaves acuminated, clothed with
fulvous tomentum beneath, as well as the branches and pedun-
cles, yi. ^. S. Native of Java, in calcareous earth, about
Kuripan.
Long-leaved Secamone. Fl. Jan. May. Shrub tw.
* * Species natives of Africa.
9 S. jEgypti'aca (R. Br. in hort. kew. 2. p. 75.) twining, gla-
brous : leaves elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong, acuminated, on very
short petioles ; cymes panicled, shorter than the leaves ; corolla
villous inside. J? • '^. S. Native of Egypt, as well as the
Cape of Good Hope, in woods. S. Alpinii, Schultes, syst.
6. p. 125. Perlploca Secamone, Lin. mant. p. 216. Thunb.
prod. 1. p. 45. fl. cap. 2. p. 153. Poir. encycl. 5. p. 189. Se-
camone, Alp. scgypt. p. 135. t. lu'l. Leaves paler beneath and
transversely veined. Flowers copious, minute. The Egyptian
and Cape plants are probably distinct species, and even perhaps
not of the same genus.
Egyptian Secamone. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1752. Shrub tw.
* * * Species natives of New Holland.
10 S. ELLiPTiCA (R. Br. prod. p. 464.) stem erect; leaves
elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles and pedicels tomen-
tose ; corolla beardless. ^2 ■ •^- Native of New Holland, on
the sea shore, within the tropic.
£//jp(k-leaved Secamone. Clt. 1824. Shrub erect.
1 1 S. ova'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) stem divaricate ; leaves ovate,
acute, glabrous ; peduncles and pedicels smoothish ; corollas
beardless. f^ . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic,
on the sea shore.
Ota^e-leaved Secamone. Shrub erect.
• * * * A species native of the West Indies.
12 S. occidenta'lis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 837.) corollas downy ;
peduncles axillary, solitary ; leaves oval, mucronulate, villous ;
stem twining, ij . '^. S. Native of Hispaniola and Cuba.
Western Secamone. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXV. TOXOCA'RPUS (from ro^^oy, toxon, a bow, and
(.apjToe, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the arched follicles).
Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 61.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leatlets flattish on the back, fur-
nislied with a little segment inside each. Pollen masses 20,
erect, fixed by fours to the tops of the corpuscles of the stigma,
which are exsulcate. Stigma rostrate, rarely apiculated, undi-
vided. Follicles smooth, divaricate. Seeds comose. — Twining
shrubs. Corymbs inferpetiolar, usually opposite, dichotomous,
spreading, inany-Howered.
1 T. Kll'inii (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) stems glabrous ; young
branches downy ; leaves elliptic, acuminated ; corymbs nearly
12
sessile, with divaricate branches, longer than the leaves ; flowers
pedicellate ; segments of corolla ligulate, glabrous ; throat
rather hairy ; leaflets of corona ovate, bidentately truncate, bear-
ing each on the inside at the apex, a flat, linear, much exserted
segment, which exceeds the anthers, and is somewhat tridentate at
the apex ; stigma rostrate, bifid at apex, exceeding the tube of
corolla a little ; follicles arcuatcly reflexed. ^ . "^^ S. Native
of the East Indies, in hedges, at Vellangany, near Nepatam. —
Wight, cat. no. 1560. Periploca glabra, Roxb. in herb. Banks.
Echites racemosa. Herb. madr. Wall. ascl. no. 113. unnained.
Klein s Toxocarpus. Shrub tw.
2 T. Roxbu'hghii (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) branches clothed
with rusty down ; leaves broad, oval, acuminated ; corymbs on
short peduncles, with divaricate branches, about equal in length
to the leaves ; flowers almost sessile ; throat of corolla hairy ;
segments ligulate, glabrous ; leaflets of corona ovate, acutish,
bearing each a short, thick, acute, hardly exserted segment inside,
which is equal in length to the anthers ; stigma beaked, twisted,
equal to the tube of the corolla. J? • ^- S. Native of the Cir-
cars. Wight, cat. no. 1561. Ascltpias longistigma, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 46. mus. ind. orient, t. 619. Asclepias micrantha,
Roxb. in herb. Banks. Echites dichotoma, herb. Klein, et
Rottler. Wall. ascl. no. 113. b. The flowers are much smaller
than in the last species.
Roxburgh's Toxocarpus. Shrub tw.
3 T. cRAssiFOLirs (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 61.) branches
sparingly pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, oval, acuminated,
coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs panicle-formed, sessile, with
elongated, slightly branched branches, and are, as well as the
calyxes, clothed with fuscous down ; flowers sessile, in fascicles,
small ; segments of corolla densely clothed with white villi ;
leaflets of corona reflexed at the sides, cohering at top, and
forming a dorsal keel, having the inner segment acuminated and
much exserted, equalling the stigma in length ; stigma rostrate,
higher than the gynostegium and tube of the corolla. ^T •'^. S.
Native of Silhet. Secamone crassifolia. Wall. ascl. no. 101.
Thick-leaved Toxocarpus. Shrub tw.
4 T. LAURiFOLius (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oval, some-
times obtuse, but usually acuminated, coriaceous ; corymbs
sessile, divaricately and trichotomously branched ; flowers small,
very numerous ; segments of corolla reflexed, bearded with
white hairs inside ; leaflets of corona rather fleshy, short, round-
ish-ovate, acutish : having the inner segments a little exserted,
about equal to the gynostegium ; tips of anthers large, broad,
subaristate, obconically apicidated above the stigma, which is
obtuse, inclosed, and incurved ; follicles slender, diverging hori-
zontally. Ij . '^. S. Native of Chittagong and Tipperah ; and
at Cawnpore, &-c. Asclepias laurifolia, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 49.
mus. ind. orient, t. 1814. Wall. ascl. no. 100. A. micrantha,
Roxb. in herb. Banks, fl. ind. 2. p. 50.
Laurel-leaved Toxocarpus. Shrub tw.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXVL GONIOSTE'MMA (from ywria, gonia, an angle,
and arffif-ia, stemma, a crown; stamineous corona 5-angled).
Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 62.
Lin. syst. Pentdiidria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted.
Stamineous corona tubular, 5-angled, 5-lobed, adhering to the
gynostegium at the base. Pollen masses 20, erect, fixed by fours
to each corpuscle of the stigma, which are exsulcate. Stigma
rostrate. Follicles. ? — ^A twining shrub, with vvarted bark.
Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, acuminated at both ends, gla-
brous, shining above. Cymes interpetiolar, panicle-formed,
loose, many-flowered. Segments of corolla ligulate, downy
inside at the middle, glabrous above. Corona shorter than the
gynostegium, fleshy ; lobes naked inside. Stigma cylindrical,
ASCLEPIADE^. LXXVII. Hemidesmus. LXXVIII. Brachylepis. LXXIX. Streptocaulon.
161
about one half shorter than the corolla. This genus is allied
to botli Secanume and Toxocarpus, but differs from both in the
structure of the corona, as also in habit. Brown's character of
Secamone was probably intended to include all three genera.
1 G. acumina'tum (Wight, 1. c). Ij . '^. S. Native of
Silhet. Wall. ascl. no. 127. unnamed.
Acuminatcd-leavvA Goniostcmma. Shrub tw.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Pergularla, p. 133.
Tribe V.
PERIPLO'CE^E (this tribe contains genera agreeing with
Per'tploca in particular characters). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc.
1. p. 56. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 62. Pollen
masses 5-20, granular, fixed singly, or by fours, to a dilated
appendage, composed of 2 combined ones, ivhich rises from
the top of each corpuscle of the stigma, l)ut are at length
applied to it. Filaments partly or altogether distinct. Anthers
conniving, in the manner of a cupola, over the stigma. — In all
the genera of this tribe, examined by Wight and Arnott, (ex-
cept perhaps Cri/ptostegia) the corpuscle is dilated at the base
into a kind of gland, similar to those found at the base of the
pollfn masses of an O'rc/iis; and in all, with the above excep-
tion both the corpuscle and its appendage are at length readily
detached from the stigma.
LXXVII. HEMIDE'SMUS (from ;,/i«n/c, hemisus, half, and
SecTfwr, desmos, a tie ; filaments joined at ba<e and free at apex).
R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 5G. Wight and Arnott, contrib.
ind. bot. p. 62. — Periploca species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Petitandria, Digijnia. Corolla rotate ; having
5 mutic scales inserted under the recesses between the segments.
Filaments connate at the base, distinct at top, inserted in the
tube. Anthers cohering, free from the stigma, beardless, sim-
ple at top. Pollen masses 20, granular, applied by fours to the
reniform, solitary, appendage of each corpuscle. Stigma flat-
tish, peltate, mutic. Follicles cylindrical, divaricate, smooth.
Seeds comose. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, shining
above. Cymes interpetiolar. Flowers small. Corollas be-
tween coriaceous and fleshy. The pollen masses are 4 to each
anther; these remain for some time in their cells, but at length
adhere to a viscid dilated corpuscular appendage.
1 H. I'ndicus (R. Br. in hort. kew. 2. p. 75.) glabrous ;
leaves from cordate-ovate, cuspidate, to narrow-linear, acute,
usually oblong-lanceolate ; cymes usually almost sessile, but
sometimes peduncidale ; scales of corolla adhering to the tube
from the base to the apex ; follicles slender, straight. T^ . '^. S.
Native every where in the peninsula of India, among bushes.
Wall. ascl. no. 104-. 105. Wight, cat. 1562. Periploca I'ndica,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1251. Roxb. mus. ind. orient, t. 212. As-
clepias pseudosarsa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 39. exclusive of many
synonvmes. — Rheed. mal. 10. t. 34. — Burm. zeyl. p. 187. t. 83.
f. 1.— Pluk. t. S59. f. 2. (with broad leaves) and t. 361. f 1.
(with narrow leaves). This is a very polymorphous plant,
varying much in shape, and size of the leaves ; and when the
varieties are better known may hereafter form several species.
/nd/«n Hemidesmus. Clt. 1796. Shrub, tw.
2 H. pube'scens (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 63.)
branchlets slender, clothed with hairy pubescence ; leaves lan-
ceolate, acute, downy as well as the peduncles and calyxes ;
cymes sessile ; scales of corolla fixed to the tube. Ij . '^. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Vandalore. Wall. ascl. no. 105.
cl. unnamed. Wiglit, cat. no. 1563.
Donny Hemidesmus. Shrub tw.
3 H. Wallichii (Wight, I.e.) glabrous ; leaves narrow linear-
lanceolate, acute ; cymes few-flowered ; scales of corolla subu-
late, free from the tube, but cohering with the base of the fila-
VOL. IV.
ments. \ . ^. S. Native on hills, about Prome, Wall, cat
no. 106. unnamed.
JVallick's Hemidesmus. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXVIII. BRACHY'LEPIS (from ftpaxvc, brachys, short,
and Xjttic, lepis, a scale; in reference to the 5 short truncate
scales in the throat of the corolla). Wight and Arnott, contrib.
ind. bot. p. 63.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate, 5-
parted; segments spreading; scales in the throat 5, short,
truncate, flat, mutic ; tube short, fully clothed by a broad,
fleshy, adnate ring inside. Filaments very short, broad, distinct,
inserted in the upper part of the throat along with the scales ;
anthers glued by the base to the margin of the stigma, simple
and cohering at top, the rest distinct and beardless. Pollen
masses 20, granular, applied by fours to the dilated loose ap-
pendage of each corpuscle. Stigma mutic. Follicles divari-
cate, cylindrical, smooth. — A twining shrub ; branches downy.
Leaves opposite, oval, abruptly acuminated, rather downy while
young, glabrous in the adult state, and shining above, parallelly
nerved beneath. Cymes interpetiolar, small, tomentose, shorter
than the leaves. Flowers small, crowded. Corolla hairy out-
side, glabrous inside, subrotate ; segments spreading ; or the
corolla is subcampanulate.
1 B. nervosa (Wight and Arnott, 1. c). Tj . '^. G. Native
of the Neelgherries. — Wight, cat. no. 1565. Streptocaulon
nerv6sum, Wight, mss. — Wall. ascl. no. 107. unnamed.
NenedAenvcA Brachylepis. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXIX. STREPTOCAU'LON (from arpiirroc, streptos,
twisted, and i:av\os, kaulos, a stem ; stems twisted). Wight
and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 64. — Periploca species. Wall,
ascl.
Lin. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted ;
throat crowned by 5 short scales, which alternate with the
segments, aristate ; awns flexuously erect, filiform, straight at
the apex. Filaments distinct, inserted in the tube ; anthers
adhering by the base to the margin of the stigma, free above,
simple and beardless at the apex. Pollen masses granular, soli-
tary (or composed of 4 confluent ones), applied to the dilated
loose appendage of each corpuscle. Stigma mutic. Follicles
cylindrical, divaricate, smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining, or
rarely decumbent plants, usually downy or tomentose, rarely
glabrous. Leaves opposite. Cymes interpetiolar, usually
spreading, and much branched. Flowers small. This genus
is intermediate between Periploca, as limited by Mr. Brown,
and his Gymnenia. It differs from Periploca in the beardless
anthers, which character is laid particular stress on by most
authors. It differs from Gymnanthera in several respects, by
the stigma, pollen masses, and shape of corolla, and its scales.
Perhaps most of Poiret's species of Periploca belong to this
genus. What his P. Mauritiana may be it is impossible to say,
as the synonymes adduced are very different from each other ;
thus Plukn. t. 336. f. 7. is Tylophora asthmdtica ; and Rheed.
mal. 9. t. 11. is Cryptolepis Buchanani, Roem. et Schultes.
1 S. TOMENTosuM (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 64.) branches
pubescent ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat
cordate at the base, hispid above and tomentose beneath ; cymes
large, diffuse ; flowers on short pedicels, crowded on the tops
of the branches ; calyx and pedicels densely clothed with down ;
filaments very short. Vi . '^. ii. Native of mount Taong
Dong, near Ava ; and of Cochinchina. Periploca tomentosa,
Wall. ascl. no. 125. and no. 126.
Tomentose Streptocaulon. Shrub tw.
Y
162
ASCLEPIADEiE. LXXIX. Streptocaulon. LXXX. Decalepis. LXXXI. Finlaysonia.
2 S. Kleinii (Wight, and Arnott, 1. c. p. G5.) branches
downy ; leaves almost sessile, cuneate-oblong or obovate, mu-
cronate, cordate at the base, rather hispid above, but clothed
with soft, white tomentum beneath ; cymes diffuse, shorter than
the leaves ; calyxes and pedicels densely downy. ^ . '^. S.
Native of the Peninsula of India, but the locality is not men-
tioned. Wight, cat. 1564. Wall, ascl no. 157, unnamed.
Klein's Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
3 S. WAELicHii (Wight, 1. c.) branches pubescent ; leaves el-
liptic, attenuated at the base and apex, cuspidate, clothed with
soft down above, and fuscous, velvety down beneath ; cymes
diffuse and branched, many-flowered, longer than the leaves :
having the ultimate branches raceme-formed ; pedicels filiform,
and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous, fj • '^. S. Native of
Penang and Singapore. — Wall. ascl. no. 124, unnamed.
fVaUicli's Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
4 S. exte'nsum (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous; leaves oval, acumi-
nated ; cymes panicle-formed, much longer than the leaves ;
flowers scattered, pedicellate ; pedicels filiform, glabrous. tj .
'^. S. Native of Rangoon and Tavoy. Periploca extensa,
Wall. ascl. no. 128.
Extended Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
5 S.sylve'stre (Wight, 1. c.) procumbent, or twining a little ;
stems rather villous ; leaves almost sessile, roundish-ovate, cus-
pidate, cordate at the base, rather velvety on both surfaces, but
most so beneath ; cymes few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels and calyxes pubescent. 1; . '"'. S. Native of the East
Indies, at Sanastrygota. Periploca ? sylvestris, Ham, herb, no,
763. Wall. ascl. no. 140.
Wild Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
6 S. calophy'llum (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous; leaves narrow-
lanceolate, long attenuated, transversely-veined, with sub-undu-
lated edges ; cymes almost sessile, few-flowered ; flowers on
short pedicels ; follicles slender, apiculated, about 6 inches long.
T; . '^. S. Native of Nipaul. Periploca ? Wall, asclep. no.
123. This plant differs in habit from the other species, but the
structure of the flowers is quite the same.
Beautiful-leaved Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
■f Species not sufficiently known.
7 S. Mauritia'num ; glabrous ; leaves ovate, long-acumi-
nated, transversely veined, on short petioles ; racemes axillary,
composed of short divaricate branches ; pedicels furnished with
short, obtuse scales at the base ; follicles sub-articulated, sub-
ulate. ?j . ^. S. Native of the Mauritius ; and of the East
Indies. Periploca Mauritiana, Poir. encyc. 5. p. 18S. — Cynan-
chum Mauritianum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 236. — Funis papius, Rumpli.
amb. 5. p. 14. t. 10, and perhaps t. 11. Leaves like those of
P. Grce'ca I but the flowers are much smaller, and disposed in
short racemes.
Mauritian Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
8 S. a'lbicans ; glabrous; leaves ovate, sub-acuminated,
small, on short petioles ; cymes few-flowered ; stems corky,
white ; tube of corolla hardly the length of the calycine teeth ;
segments oblong, nearly subulate, acute. Tj . '^. S. Native of
the East Indies. Periploca albicans, Poir. encyc. 5. p. 191.
Leaves myrtle-formed. Flowers small, cream-coloured, nearly
sessile, on the branches of the common peduncle.
Whitish Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
9 S. PARViFLORUM ; glabrous : leaves small, ovate, obtuse,
mucronate ; flowers small, twin or tern, almost sessile, on the
tops of short, axillary jjeduncles ; stems filiform, very tou^h.
Tj. ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Periploca parviflora,
Poir. encycl. suppl. 5. p. 192. Leave? approximate. Flowers
whitish.
Small-Jiowered Streptocaulon. Slu'ub twining.
12
10 S. virga'tum ; glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse; stems
twiggy, furnished with many lateral branches, which bear the
flowers along their tops, in small faccicles, disposed in the man-
ner of a spike ; flowers small. Ij . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies. Periploca virgata, Poir. suppl, 5. p. 192. Leaves
small. Flowers white.
Twiggy .Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
lis.? Cochinchine'nsis ; arboreous ; leaves fleshy, cordate-
oblong, large, glabrous ; racemes short, terminal. Ij . G. Na-
tive of Cochinchina. Periploca Cochinchinensis, Lour. coch.
167. Wood flaccid. Branches spreading. Flowers pale blue.
Segments of calyx lanceolate, expanded. Nectary girding the
genitals, of 5 erect, filiform leaflets, which are curved at the base.
Follicles 2, oblong. Seeds numerous, roundish.
Cochinchina Streptocaulon. Tree.
12 S.? Chine'nsis ; twining; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse,
glabrous; peduncles many-flowered; segmentsof coroUaglabrous,
linear, elongated, twisted. I; . '^. G. Native of China. Pergu-
laria Sinensis, Lour. coch. p. 169. Periploca Chinensis, Spreng.
syst. 1 . p. 836. Corolla yellow. Corona of 5 arrow-shaped
stipitate leaflets ; stigma conical, 5-furrowed ; follicles oblong ;
seeds naked.
China Streptocaulon. Shrub twining.
13 S. divarica'ta ; shrubby, erect; branches short ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, undulated ; peduncles terminal, 2-flowered,
divaricate ; segments of corolla subulate, elongated. T; . G.
Native of China. Pergularia divaricata. Lour. coch. p. 169.
Periploca divarickta, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 836. Flowers yellow,
suffused with red. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped ; furnished
with 5 arrow-shaped scales at the mouth of the tube. FDllicles
oblong ; seeds naked.
Divaricate-Yian\c\eA Streptocaulon. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXX. DECA'LEPIS (from C£«<, dcka, ten; and Xnnc,
lepis, a scale; there are 10 scales, .5 in the throat, and 5 in the
tube of the corolla.) Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. ]). 64.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5-
parted ; throat crowned by 5 oblong-oval, flat, rautic scales,
alternating with the segments ; tube furnished with 5 linear-
obtuse scales, opposite the segments. Filaments distinct, in-
serted in the upper part of the throat, along with the 5 upper
scales, and cohering witli them to the middle. Anthers glued
by the base to the margin of the stigma, distinct at top, beard-
less, terminated b y a sub-dilated appendage. Pollen masses
granular, solitary (probably composed of 4 confluent ones), ap-
plied to the dilated, loose appendage of each corpuscle. Stigma
mutic. — A twining, ? smoothish shrub. Leaves opposite, oval,
bluntly acuminated. Cymes small, on longish peduncles, and
shorter than the leaves, composed of raceme-formed branches.
Flowers small. Limb of corolla villous inside.
1 D. Hamiltonii (Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) T; . '^.1 S.
Native of the East Indies, but the locality is unknown. Wight,
cat. no. 1566. Streptocaulon Hamiltonii, Wight, mss. Ap6-
cynum, reticvilatum. Herb. madr. Wall. ascl. no. 139. This
plant belongs to the Madras herbarium, and not to Hamilton's,
as Dr. Wight supposed, when he suggested the specific name.
Hamilton's Decalepis. Shrub twining. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXXI. FINLAYSO~NIA (named in memory of the late
Dr. Finlayson, a surgeon in the service of the East India Com-
pany ; who made many collections of objects of natural history
during his residence in the East Indies.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2.
p. 48. t. 102. Wigiit, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 65.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate ; throat
ASCLEPIADE^. LXXXII. Periploca. LXXXIII. Phvllanthera. LXXXIV. Lei-osma.
163
crowned by 5 awned tubercles, alternating with the segments ;
awns capillary, erect, hooked at the apex. Filaments distinct,
inserted in the throat, within the tubercles. Anthers glued by
the base to the middle of the stigma, beardless, terminated by a
broad-ovate point ; pollen masses 20, granular, at length applied,
by fours, to the dilated appendiculus of each corpuscle, which is
slender. Stigma large, ovate, tetragonal at the base. Follicles
divaricate, ovate-ventricose, smooth, imcinately beaked at the
apex. Seeds rather fleshy. — A twining, fleshy, lactescent, gla-
brous shrub. Leaves opposite, petiolate, obovate, very blunt,
sometimes retase, with a broad, acute point. Corymbs large,
many-flowered, shorter than the leaves, much lengthened out
while bearing the fruit. Flowers small. Corolla glabrous out-
side ; segments roundish-ovate, naked on one side, inside, and
clothed with white villi on the other.
1 F. obova'ta (Wall. 1. c.) Ij . '^. S. Native at the mouth
of the Ganges. Guriia obovata, Ham. herb. no. 757.
06ofa/e-leaved Finlaysonia. Shrub twining.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Peigulciria, p. 133.
LXXXII. PERI'PLOCA (from TrepiwXeicu), peripleco, to wrap
about ; twining stems.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 57. —
Periploca species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Throat
furnished with 5 awned scales, which alternate with the seg-
ments of the corolla. Filaments distinct ; anthers cohering,
bearded on the back ; pollen masses applied to the dilated tops
of the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, or composed of 4 con-
fluent ones. Stigma almost mutic. Follicles cylindrical, much
divaricate, smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining, glabrous shrubs.
Leaves opposite, shining. Flowers sub-corymbose, interpetiolar.
1 P. Gr.e CA (Lin. spec. p. 309.) leaves from ovate to lan-
ceolate; corymbs on long peduncles ; flowers hairy inside. ij .
'^. H. Native of the south of France; of Bithynia, in hedges,
about Bursa; and on mount Athos. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 11. t. 1.
f. 2. Smith, fl. grasc. t. 249. Ker, bot. reg. 803. Schkuhr,
handb. t. 53. P. maculata, Moench. — Schmidt, oest. baum. 1.
t. 46. Jaume, St. Hil. livr. 8. t. 6. Duham, arb. 2. p. 104.
t.21. Hort. angl. t. 15. Branches brown. Segments of corolla
linear, rounded at the apex, greenish outside, and brownish
inside, and clothed with copious short hairs. Leaves deciduous,
3-4 inches long.
Grecian Periploca. Fl. July, Aug, Clt. 1597. Shrub tw.
2 P. l.eviga'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 301.) leaves oblonf-
lanceolate, veiny, smooth, glabrous, permanent ; cymes trichoto-
mous ; corolla glabrous : with linear-obtuse segments. h . H.
Native of the Canary Islands, and the Cape of Good Hope.? P.
punica-folia, Cav. icon. 3. p. 9. t. 217. Corolla greenish-yellow
inside ; segtnents marked each with a fulvous spot on the upper
surface. Leaves much smaller than those of the preceding
species.
-Swoo^A Periploca. Fl. ? Clt. 17 79. Shrub tw.
3 P. angustifolia (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 2. p. 13. t. 7.) leaves
veinless, narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, evergreen; cymes tricho-
tonious. tj . H. Native of Tunis, on mount Schibel Jsekel ;
and of the island of Lampedosa, at the sea side, near Laodicea.
P. rigida, Viv. P. laevigata, Vahl. Flowers purplish inside,
pale yellow beneath, and round the mouth, with a white spot in
the middle. Leaves 1 inch long.
Narrow-leaved Vev\Y>\oca.. Fl. ? Clt. 1800. Shrub twining.
4 P. Afze'lii ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, thick,
deep green, rather cordate at the base, on short petioles ; co-
rymbs axillary. f; . ^. S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the
mountains. Corollas large, black. Perhaps P. nigrescens, Afz.
Afzclms's Periploca. Shrub twining.
f The following species are not known, except by name ; none of
7i</iich arc true species of Periploca.
5 P. pube'scens (Humb. et Bonp. mss. in \Villd. rel. ex
Schultes, 1. c.) leaves cordate, oblong, downy beneath ; flowers
racemose ; calyx larger than the corolla, f^ ■ '~^. S. Native of
South America.
Downy Periploca. Shrub twining.
6 P.oblonga'ta (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 129.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous ; umbels fevv-
flowered, almost sessile ; corollas glabrous. 1^ . ^. S. Na-
tive of South America.
Oblong-lcavcd Periploca. Shrub twining.
7 P. mucrona'ta (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes,
syst, 6. p. 129.) leaves elliptic-obovate, mucronate ; umbels
axillary, few-flowered, almost sessile ; corollas glabrous. *2 .
'^. S. Native of South America.
il/MtroHrt/e-leaved Periploca. Shrub twining.
8 P. tenuifo'lia (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes,
1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; umbels few-
flowered, almost sessile ; corolla glabrous. T; . '^. S. Native
of South America.
Fine-leaved Periploca. Shrub twining.
9 P. se'pium (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 117.)
plant rather scandent, shrubby ; leaves oblong, or ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated, glabrous; panicles dichotomous, few-flowered;
segments of corolla oblong, very villous inside at the edges ; fol-
licles elongated, arched, cohering at top. Ij . ^. G. Native of
China, on the mountains near Pekin, in hedges.
Hedge Periploca. Shrub climbing.
Cult. P. GrcBca and P. angustifolia are handsome, hardy,
twining shrubs, well fitted for covering bowers or trellis work, or
for training against a wall ; these grow freely in common
garden soil, and are increased readily by layers or cutiings.
The P. Icevigata will require protection in winter, either by
being planted in a greenhouse, or against a south wall, in which
latter situation it will require to be protected by mats in frosty
weather, in winter.
LXXXni, PHYLLANTHE'RA (from ^vUc, phyllon, a
leaf; and av^Tipa, anthera, an anther; in reference to the anthers
being dilated and foliaceous at the apex.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1048.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-cleft.
Corolla deeply 5-parted, fleshy, discoid inside at the base, with-
out any corona ; filaments 5, erect, distinct ; anthers conniving,
naked on the back, and dilatately foliaceous at the apex ;
pollen masses clavate, applied singly to the dilated tops of the
corpuscles of the stigma. Ovarium didymous. Style one,
bisulcate at the base ; stigma capitate, mutic, — A twining shrub;
with opposite, lanceolate, glabrous, transversely-veined leaves ;
and axillary, solitary, bifid peduncles. This genus is nearly
allied to Periploca.
1 P. bIfida (Blum, bijdr. p. 1048.) Tj . '^. S. Native of
Java, on the top of the .Salak mountains, where it is called Aroy
Krawatan and Willen Aroy.
Bifd Pliyllanthera. Fl. year. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXXIV. LEPO'SMA (from \twog, lejws, bark ; and oirfiti,
osme, a smell ; bark when stripped.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1049.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx turbinate, 5-
toothed. Corolla rotate, having the tube inflated in the middle,
and the limb 5-parted, and oblique. Corona none, unless the 5
fleshy scales which are inserted in the tube of the corolla, and
lying above the genitals, be considered as such. Anthers 5, in-
closed, inserted above the base, in the tube of the corolla, ovate,
y 2
164
ASCLEPIADEyE. LXXXV. Gymnanthera. LXXXVI. Cryptostegia. LOGANIACE^.
downy on the back, lying upon the stigma ; polhniferous pedi-
cels 10, linear, horny, dehiscing outwardly, erect, propped by
corpuscles at the base, and applied to the furrows of tlie stigma ;
pollen granular. Stigma 5-angled, and having 5 deep furro%ys.
Ovarium didymous. Style one, thick • — A twming shrub, with
opposite, elliptic-oblong, acutish, veiny, glabrous leaves, which
are paler beneath. Peduncles interpetiolar, bifid. This genus
difters from Periploca in the anthers being sessile and inclosed,
and from the number and singular form of the polliniferous
P6QlC6lS>
1 L. Java'nicum (Blum, bijdr. 1049.) I7 . ^. S. Native of
Java, about Kuripan.
Java Leposma. Fl. May, Ju. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXXV. GYMNANTHE^RA (from yu/d'og, gymnos, naked ;
and ay^npa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the anthers
being beardless.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 58.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Dygynia. Corolla salver-shaped.
Corona faucis 5-leaved. Filaments distinct, inserted in the
throat of the corolla ; anthers beardless ; pollen masses applied
by fours to the dilated tops of the corpuscles of the stigma.
Stigma apiculated, bifid. Follicles cylindrical, smooth, divari-
cate. Seeds comose. — A twining, glabrous shrub. Leaves
opposite, shining. Peduncles lateral, sub-dichotomous. Flowers
whitish green, beardless.
I G. nItida (R. Br. prod. 464.) Pj . ^. S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. Scales 5, cut, inserted inside the
calyx, under its sinuses. Albumen none.
Shining-\e-dveA Gymnanthera. Shrub twining.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
LXXXVL CRYPTOSTFGIA (from cpunToc, cryptos, con-
cealed ; and ortyw, stego, to cover ; in reference to the scales
in the throat covering the anthers.) R. Br. in hot. reg. 435.
Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 65.
LiN. sYST. Pentandria, Digijnia. Calyx S-parted ; segments
elongated, lanceolate, with undulated margins. Corolla cainpa-
nulately funnel-shaped ; tube furnished with 5 inclosed, narrow
bipartite scales inside, which cover the anthers, being opposite
them ; segments of the scales subulate. Stamens inclosed.
Filaments distinct, very short, inserted in the bottom of the
tube ; anthers inclosed, adhering by the base to the margin of
the stigma ; pollen masses solitary, composed of many free
granules heaped together, glued at first, but at length applied to
the spatulate appendicula of each corpuscle. Stigma globosely
conical, obscurely bi-apiculate. Follicles divaricate, acutely
triquetrous, with a bluntly-attenuated incurved apex. — A
twining, glabrous, lactescent shrub. Leaves opposite, on short
petioles, elliptic, bluntly-acuminated, shining on both surfaces,
minutely-reticulated with brown beneath. Corymbs trichoto-
mous, terminal. Flowers large, showy, reddish purple. Corolla
twisted in aestivation.
1 C. GRANDiFLORA (R. Br. 1. c.) I; . ^. S. Native of the East
Indies, but the particidar locality is unknown. Wall. cat. no.
1635. Wight, cat. no. 1660. Nerium grandifloium, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 10. mus. ind. orient, t. 1957.
Great-flowered Cryptostegia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824.
Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133.
Order CLIV. LOGANLVCE^ (this order only contains
plants agreeing with the genus Logania in important characters).
Loganieae, R. Br. ex Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 203. Gen-
ti^nese, sect. IIL Capsula bipartibilis, R. Br. prod. p. 455.
Flowers of equal parts. Calyx free, 5-parted. Limb of
corolla equal or unequal, convolute in aestivation. Stamens 5
or 1 , rising from the corolla ; pollen vittately 3-lobed (in Pa-
gamea). Stigtua simple. Fruit a 2-celled, bipartible capsule;
having placenta adnate on both sides to the seginent of the ven-
tral suture, many-seeded ; or a drupe, containing 1-2 1-2-seeded
pyrenae. Albumen fleshy or cartilaginous. Embryo straight. —
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite, quite entire, usually
stipulate. Stipulas combined into intrapetiolar sheaths. Flowers
racemose, corymbose, or solitary, usually white.
This order is distinguished from Gentianece in the capsule
being divisible into 2 1 -celled parts or drupaceous, in the pla-
centation of the seeds, in the aestivation of the corolla, in the
stipulate leaves, and in the fleshy or cartilaginous albumen, &c.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Logania. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla subcampanulate, with
a villous throat. Stamens 5, shorter than the limb of the
corolla. Stigma capitate. Capsule bipartible. Seeds peltate.
2 Geniostoma. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla subcampanulate,
with a bearded throat. Stamens 5, shorter than the limb.
Stigma thick, obtuse or didymous. Capsule bipartible. Seeds
angular.
3 Uste'ria. Calyx 4-cleft, one of the segments large.
Corolla salver-shaped. Stamen 1. Capstde bipartible. Seeds
with winged edges.
4 Pagamea. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla urceolate, villous
inside. Anthers 4, nearly sessile, inclosed. Style bifid from the
base. Drupe 2-celled ; each cell containing a 2-celled, 2-seeded
pyrenae.
5 Gsrtne'ra. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla fimnel-shaped.
Stamens 5, inclosed. Style exserted, bifid. Berry drupaceous,
containing 2 pyrense.
6 Labordia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta-
mens 5, inclosed. Style inclosed, thick. Stigma conical, trian-
gular. Fruit capsidar, 3-celled.
7 Codona'nthus. Calyx 5-cleft, ciliated. Corolla campa-
nulately urceolate. Stamens 5, inclosed. Style bifid. Stigmas
round. Fruit unknown.
8 Anaba'ta. Calyx small, entire. Corolla campanulate.
Anthers 5, sessile. Style exserted. Stigma simple. Fruit un-
known.
I. LOGA'NIA (in memory of James Logan, author of Ex-
perimenta de Plantarum Generatione. 8vo. London, 1747.).
R. Br. prod. 1. p. 455. Ray. steudt. I. t. 2. gen. 1. p. 151. —
Euosma, Andr. hot. rep. 520. — E'xacum, LabiU. nov. holl. 1.
t. 51.
LiN. sYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla subcampanulate; with a rather villous throat; and a 5-
parted limb. Stamens 5, shorter than the limb. Style 1,
permanent ; stigma clavately capitate. Capsule bipartible.
Placenta adnate on both sides to the segment of the ventral
suture, at length free, many-seeded. Seeds peltate. — Shrubs
or herbs. Leaves quite entire, usually stipulate, sometimes
exstipulate. Stipulas when present intrapetiolar or lateral, dis-
tinct, or combined into a sheath. Flowers terminal or axil-
LOGANIACEiE. I. Logania. II. Geniostoma.
165
lary, oppositely corymbose or racemose ; sometimes solitary.
Corollas white, sometimes veiny. Albumen fleshy.
Sect. I. Loga'ni,e-ve'rx (this section is considered to con-
tain the legitimate species of the genus). R. Br. prod. 455.
Calyx obtuse. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the middle of the
tube. Stipulas combined into intrapetiolar sheaths. — Shrubs.
1 L. CRAssiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 455.) leaves ovate or
roundish, niiicronate, thick, coriaceous : flowers corymbose :
branches scabrous ; stem diffuse. H . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast. Flowers white.
Thick-leaved Log;inia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 L. LATiFOLiA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, acutish at both
ends ; flowers corymbose ; branchlets smooth ; stem erect.
y^ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. E'xacum
vaginale, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 37. t. 51. Leaves coriaceous,
2-3 inches long. Flowers disposed in terminal panicles, com-
posed of opposite, dichotomous, and trichotomous peduncles.
Corollas white. Calycine segments ovate, a little ciliated.
Segments of corolla nearly orbicular.
Broad-leaved hogama. CIt. 1816. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 L. ova'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate, nearly sessile, obtuse
at the base ; flowers corymbose ; branchlets smooth ; stem
erect. fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Corollas white.
Oia^e-leaved Logania. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 L. ELLiPTicA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval-elliptic, acutish at
both ends, nearly sessile, shorter than an inch ; flowers corym-
bose; branchlets smooth ; stem erect. 1^ . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast. Corollas white.
EHipt'>c-\sA\'eA Logania. Shrub.
5 L. LONGiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 456.) leaves lanceolate,
acute, flat, from 1-24 inches long; interpetiolar sheaths trun-
cate : corymbs trichotomous ; pedicels glabrous. J; . G. Na-
tive of New Holland, on the south coast. Corollas white.
Long-leaved Logania. Shrub.
Sect. 1L Euosma (from iv, eu, well or good, and oaftri, osme,
a smell ; flowers sweet smelling). Andr. rep. t. 520. R. Br.
prod. p. 45G. Calyx obtuse. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the
middle of the tube of the corolla. Stipulas setaceous, lateral,
distinct, or wanting. — Shrubs.
6 L. floribu'nda (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, attenuated
at both ends, smooth ; stipulas lateral, setaceous ; racemes ax-
illary, compound, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels downy.
Ij . G. Native of New South Wales. Eu6<ma albiflora, Andr.
bot. rep. t. 520. Corollas white.
Bundle-Jtonered Logania. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1797.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 L. iiEVOLU^TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, with recurved
margins, rather scabrous above ; racemes axillary, simple,
shorter than the leaves ; pedicels downy ; stem erect. fj . G.
Native of New South Wales. Corollas white.
7?(;Ko/«(e-leaved Logania. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. Sh.
2 to 3 feet.
8 L. fascicula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves spatulate-linear, ob-
tuse, flat, smooth ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; branchlets
roughish ; stem difTuse. Ij. G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast. Corollas white.
/'n.jc(c/c(/-flowered Logania. Shrub diffuse.
y L. AN(;t;sTiFt>LiA (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. add. p. !JQ.) leaves
linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, tomentose beneath ; stipulas obso-
lete ; flowers axiUarv, corymbose. fj . G. Native of New
Holland.
Narrow-leaved Logania. Shrub.
Sect. III. Stoma'ndra (from arofui, stoma, a mouth, and
ai'jjp afcpoc, aner andros, a male ; in reference to the stamens
being inserted in the mouth of the corolla). R. Br. prod. p.
456. Calyx acute. Stainens inserted in the throat of tiie
corolla, semi-exserted. — Herbs or sub-shrubs.
10 L. serpyllif6lia (R. Br. 1. c.) suffi-uticose ; leaves ovate ;
stipulas interpetiolar, and are, as well as the calyxes, ciliated ;
flowers terminal, subcorymbose. fj . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast. Corollas white.
Wild-thyme-leaved Logania. Shrub small.
11 L. pusiLLA (R. Br. 1. c.) herbaceous; leaves elliptic;
stipulas interpetiolar, triangular ; flowers axillary, solitary.
1/ . G. Native of New South Wales. Corolla white.
Least Logania. PI. small.
12 L. campanula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) herbaceous ; leaves linear,
exstipulate ; flowers terminal ; peduncles and calyxes downy.
-Tt.? G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Co-
rollas white.
Campanulate-Qov.'eveA Logania. PI. ?
Cult. The species of this genus are all well worth cultivat-
ing, for the sake of their beauty when in blossom. A mixture
of loam, peat, and sand is the best soil for them ; and ripened
cuttings of them will strike root if planted in sand, having a
hand-glass placed over them.
II. GENIO'STOMA {ixom ywiiov, geneiort, a beard; and
oTOfia, stoma, a mouth ; mouth of corolla bearded). Forst.
gen. p. 24. t. 12. Juss. gen. p. 460. Lam. ill. t. 133. f. 2.
Spreng. gen. 1. p. 151. Anasser, Juss. gen. 150. Anassera,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. xxi.
Lin. syst. Pentandrla, Monogijnia. Calyx turbinate, 5-
parted ; with acute segments. Corolla tubularly-eampanulate
or urceolate, with a bearded throat ; having the tube widening
gradually into a 5-parted, spreading limb. Stamens 5, inserted
in the throat of the corolla, with very short filaments, shorter
than the limb. Style 1, permanent; stigma thick, cylindri-
cal, obtu^e, furrowed. Capsule bipartible ; valves entire,
with inflexed narrow margins, which cohere to the 2 placentas,
and remain after the dehiscence of the valves. Seeds angu-
lar, peltate ? — Trees, with opposite, entire leaves, interpetiolar
stipular sheaths, and axillary and terminal corymbs or cymes.
Corollas usually white, sometimes tinged with red.
1 G. rupe'stre (Forst. prod. p. 103.) branches angular;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, veiny, gla-
brous ; cymes axillary, pedunculate. fj . S. Native of the
island of Tanna. Calycine segments spreading, subulate. Co-
rolla reddish : with involute segments. Stigma capitate, fur-
rowed. Pedicels furnished with twin, subulate bracteas in the
middle. Leaves \ an inch long.
Rock Geniostoma. Tree.
2 G. Brasilie'nse (Spreng. syst. I. p. 588.) branches no-
dose ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, membranous ;
cymes pedunculate, terminal, bracteate. 1^ . S. Native of
Brazil, Sello. Corolla urceolately funnel-shaped. Style di-
dymous.
Brazilian Geniostoma. Tree.
3 G. spine'scens (Spreng. 1. c.) branches nodose, spinescent ;
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, rather coriaceous, of a
different colour beneath, triple-uerved ; corymbs terminal, pe-
dunculate. I; . S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Corolla urceolately
funnel-shaped. Style didymous.
Spinescent Geniostoma. Tree.
4 G. febri'fugum (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, blunt-
ish, loosened at the base, nerved, coriaceous, villous beneath;
panicles lateral. 1; . S. Native of Brazil. Anassera febri-
fuga, Mart. nov. reise, bras. p. 278. Stigma didymous.
166 LOGANIACE^. III. Ustehia. IV. Pagamea. V. G^rtnera. VI. Labordia. VII. Codonanthus, &c.
Febrifugal Geniostoma. Tree.
5 G. BoRBONicuM (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves ovate, bluntisli, gla-
brous ; corymbs lateral or axillary ; corolla urceolate ; stigma
didymous. ' Ij . S. Native of the isle of Bourbon. Anassera
Borbonica, Lam. ill. 2. p. 40. no. 2452. Anasser. Borbonicus,
Gmel. syst. 1. p. 323. Jauni. St. Hil. exp. 1. p. SS9. Lower
leaves caducous.
Bourbon Geniostoma. Tree.
6 G. acumina'tum (Wall, ex Spreng. add. p. 59.). branches
tetragonal, climbing a little ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, cuspidate, coriaceous, shining above, strigose beneath ;
umbels axillary, shorter than the leaves. Ij . S. Native of
Malacca.
AcuminatedAeaiVeA Geniostoma. Shrub cl.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for
the species ; and ripened cuttings strike root freely, if planted
in sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
III. USTE'RIA (named by Wilklenow in honour of Paulus
Usteri, author of Annalen der Botanik, 1791-1793). Afz. gen.
pi. guin. ups. 1804. with a figure of the fruit. Willd. in beob.
der berl. naturf. t. 2. Keen, in ann. hot. 1. p. 364. t. 7. f. 3.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 5. Spreng. gen. 1. p. 9. Mono-
dynamis, Gmel. syst. p. 10.
LiN. SYST. Monandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-cleft ; the
fourth or outer segment very large and petal-formed. Corolla
salver-shaped, 4-parted. Stamen 1. Capsule oblong, 2-celled,
divisible into 2 valves, which open inside, with a fleshy placenta
in each division. Seeds numerous, imbricate, with winged
margins, fixed to the placentas. Albumen thin. Embryo with
roundish, foliaceous cotyledons. — A glabrous shrub, with oppo-
site purplish branches. Leaves opposite, roundish ovate, entire,
2 inches long. Flowers disposed in terminal corymbs. Stipular
sheath an obsolete margin.
1 U. Guinee'nsis (Willd. 1. c. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 5.). I? . S,
Native of Guinea, where it was collected by Isevt. Monody-
n^mis Iserti, Gmel. syst. p. 10.
Guinea listeria. Shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Geniostoma above.
IV. PAGA'MEA (Aublet does not give the derivation of
this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 112. t. 44. Juss. gen. p. 232.
Lam. ill. t. 88. Spreng. gen. 1. p. 114.
LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Digij'nia. Calyx turbinate, 4-
toothed. Corolla urceolate, 4-cleft, villous inside. Anthers 4
nearly sessile, in the tube of the corolla, inclosed. Style bifid
from the base, capillary. Drupe half inferior, 2-eelled ; cells
containing two 2-seeded, 2-celled nuts ; one of the seeds usually
abortive. — A glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, attenuated at
both ends, oblong, quite entire ; siipulas interpetiolar, sheathing.
Flowers disposed in loose, axillary, and terminal racemes, white.
1 P. GuiANENsis (Aubl. I.e.). Tj . S. Native of Guiana, and
the north of Brazil, as of Maranham and Para, &c.
Guiana Pagamea. Shrub, 7-8 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Geniostoma above.
V. GiERTNE'RA (named in honour of the celebrated bota-
nist Joseph Gaartner, author of De Fructibus et Seminibus Plan-
tarum, 2 vols. 4to. Leipsic. 1788-1791.; his son, Charles
Frederick Gaertner, published Supplementum Carpologiae, in
1 vol. 4to, which is generally called the third volume of his
father's work). Lam. ill. t. 107. Gaertn. fruet. 1. t. 191.
Spreng. gen. 1. p. 131. — Andersonia, Willd. herb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
toothed, propped by 2 bracteas at the base. Corolla funnel-
shaped ; with a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inclosed, inserted
in the tube ; with very short filaments, and oblong erect anthers.
.Style exserted, bifid at apex. Berry drupaceous, containing 2
1-seeded pyrense. — A glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, oblong,
tapering to both ends, coriaceous. Stipulas sheathed, interpetiolar,
truncate, ending in bristles. Panicles terminal, strict. Bracteas
connate. Flowers white. ?
1 G. VAGINA TA (Lam. 1. c). Ij . S. Native of the island
of Mascaren. Andersonia vaginata, Willd. herb.
Sheathing-s\\Y>u\eA Geertnera. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Geniostoma above.
VI. LABO'RDIA (named by Gaudichand after M. Labord,
one of the officers under Freycenet, who died on a voyage to
the Isle of France). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 449.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx campanulate,
5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, nearly equal. Corolla tubularly
funnel-shaped, hypogynous, 5-cleft, regular, ventricose at the
base ; segments lanceolate, • spreading, rather villous in the
throat inside. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, alternating
with the segments of the corolla ; filaments short ; anthers
ovate-oblong, obtuse, cordate, inclosed, 2-celled, dehiscing
lengthwise inside. Ovarium free, sessile, ovate, trigonal, 3-
celled : with 1 placenta in each cell, which are fixed to the
inner angles, oblong, fleshy, beset with ovula on all sides. Ovula
minute. Style short, thick, triangular, continuous with the
o\arium: stigma conical, triangular, downy. Fruit capsular ?,
3-celled, many-seeded. — A glabrous shrub : with opposite,
terete branches. Leaves opposite, entire. Stipulas opposite,
adnate by the back to the base of the petioles. Flowers termi-
nal, pedunculate, umbellate, whitish-yellow. Pedicels bibracteate
in the middle. Bracteas linear. Calyx greenish yellow.
1 L. fagr^eoi'dea (Gaud. 1. c. p. 450. t. 60.). ^ . S. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands,
Fagrcca-like Labordia. Shrub.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see Geniostoma above.
VII. CODONA'NTHUS (from KwSuy, kodon, a bell, and
ai'Ooe, anlhos, a flower ; flowers bell-shaped.)
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Calyx 5-cleft; segments
ovate, acute, ciliated. Corolla campanulately urceolate, oblong-
ventricose ; with a 5-cleft erect limb. Stamens 5, inserted in
the tube of the corolla. Style bifid ; stii>mas 2, rounded.
Ovarium ovate. Fruit unknown. — A middle-sized branched
tree. Leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, entire, undulated, on
short petioles ; flowers axillary, 2-3 together, pedicellate, pen-
dulous, white. Bracteas subsagittate.
1 C. Africa'na. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the
mountains, but rare.
African Codonanthus. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Geniostoma above.
VIII. ANABATA (meaning unknown to us). Willd. rel.
ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. Ix. Sulz^ria, Roem. et
Schultes, 1. c,
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, campa-
nulate, entire. Corolla campanulate ; with a 5-parted limb ;
segments lanceolate, acuminated, spreading. Anthers sessile,
inserted in the tube of the corolla. Style exserted ; stigma
simple. Fruit unknown. — A climbing shrub, with white flowers,
smelling like jasmine.
1 A. odora'ta (Willd. 1. c). ^. ^. S. Native on the
banks of the Orinoco, near Esmeralda. Sulzeria odor^ta, Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 707.
Sweet-scentcd-^oweteA Anabata. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Geniostoma above.
MENYANTHACE^. I. Menyanthes.
167
Order CLV. MENYANTHATE/E (this order contains
plants agreeing with Menijdnthcs in important cliaracters). Ge-
nera Gentianeis afflnia, R. Br. prod. 456. Menyanthes, Lin.
and others.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla subrotate ; with a 5-parted, spread-
ing limb ; segments with a flat disk, which is bearded or sqiiam-
mulose at the base, or bearded lengthwise ; having ascending or
simple margins, inflexed in aestivation. Stamens 5, alternating
with the segments of the corolla. Style 1. Stigma 2-lobed :
lobes toothed. Hypogynous glands 5, alternating with the sta-
mens. Capsule 1 -celled, many-seeded, 2-valved, but in aquatic
species valveless ; axils of valves seminiferous ; that is, the seeds
are attached to parietal placentas on the edges of the valves.
Floating aquatic or marsh herbs. Leaves simple or trifoliate, alter-
nate, rarely opposite, entire, or toothed in most of the species,
dotted : having the petioles dilated and sheathing a little at the
base. Flowers subumbellate, a.vLillary, sometimes seated on the
petioles, or panicled and terminal. Corolla yellow, white, or
reddish ; having the margins of the segments entire or fringed.
This order agrees with Gentianece in the parietal seeds, and in
their internal structure ; and moreover, the cotyledons are half
discrete, as in Aster'ias lulea, and finally, there are scales in
the throat of the corollas, as in Swertia; but it differs particularly
from GciitianecB in the leaves being alternate, and often toothed
or divided. In the true Gentianece, as in Aimcynece and Ruhid-
cecv, the leaves are always entire and opposite, and verticillatei
with very few exceptions. Like GentiaaccV, the properties of
this order are tonic, stomachic, and febrifugal ; their bitterness
being extreme.
Syno^isis of the genera.
1 Menya'nthes. Segments of corolla bearded lengthwise,
with simple margins. Leaves trifoliate.
2 Villa'rsia. Segments of corolla bearded or scaly at the
base ; wi h ascending margins. — Leaves simple.
L ]MENYA'NTHES {fiti'vai'dzQ, menyanthes, is reckoned by
Theophrastus and Dioscorides, and Minyanllies by Pliny, among
coronary trefoils. Linnaeus derives tlie name from jii^v, men, a
month, and avQog, anthos, a flower; because the flowers con-
tinue open about that time). Tourn. inst. t. 15. Gaertn. fruct.
2. p. 158. t. 114. R. Br. prod. p. 457. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. XVIL Menyanthes species, Lin. gen. 202. Juss.
gen. p. 1)8. &c. Acopa, Mor. hist.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; with a spreading equal limb : segments
bearded or crested lengthwise, with flat margins. Stigma capi-
tate, 2-lobed, bearded. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved ; valves
placentiferous at the axis. Seeds numerous, ovate or obovate,
surrounded with a membranous ciliated margin, fixed on each
side of the valves in a double row, parietal. — Aquatic glabrous
herbs. Stems green, rooting. Leaves alternate, trifoliate.
Flowers white inside and reddish outside, disposed in an axillary
pedunculate thyrse. Segments with finely ciliated edges.
* Leaves trifoliate. Flowers white.
1 M. trifolia'ta (Lin. spec. 208.) leaves trifoliate; ra-
cemes thyrsoid, axillary ; segments of corolla bearded length-
wise. 11. W. H. Native throughout Europe and Siberia, near
Salair, and Bernaoul, in ponds and lakes ; plentiful in Britain.
Woodv. med. bot. 5. t. 2. Curt. lond. 4. t. 17. Ocd. fl. dan.
t. 541. Smith, engl. bot. 495. Stev. et Church, med. bit. t.
46. Bulliard, herb, f 131. Sabb. hort. 1. t. 88. Zorn. icon.
13. Bieb. caue. 1. p. 141. Bess. vohl. p. 10. Trifolium majus,
Tabern. icon, t, 520. f. 2. Trifolium paliistre, Bauh. pin. ;527.
Blackw. t. 474. Trifolium paludosum, Ger. emac. 1194,
Acopa Dioscoridis, Mor. hist. 3. p. 004. sect. 15. t. 2. — Gmel.
sib. 4. p. 97. no. !Jo. Roots creeping, jointed. Stem procum-
bent, covered by the sheatiis of the leaves. Leaflets ovate,
obtuse. Peduncles axillary, terminating in a thyrse of white
bearded flowers, which are rose-coloured outwardly. Anthers
purplish, with the tips curved inwards. This plant was for-
merly called Marsh Trefoil, and Marsh Clover or Clover. It is
now generally called Buck-bean, or Bog-bean, from the German
Bocshohne, or Billcrklee, and the Danish Bukkeblade. The
whole plant, and particularly the root, has an intensely bit-
ter taste, which resides chiefly in an extractive matter, solu-
ble in water and spirit. Given in small doses, of about 10
grains, imparts vigour to the stomach, and strengthens digestion.
Its virtues were formerly properly estimated ; and strange it is
that so excellent and cheap a tonic should be so little employed.
It gives out its virtues to boiling water, and a tincture may be
made from it quite equal in its efttcts to that of gentian. Large
doses, either in substance or decoction, produce vomiting, like
many other vegetable bitters. Boerhaave was relieved from
gout from drinking the juice of the plant, mixed with whey.
An infusion of the leaves are extremely bitter, and of late
years has been in common use as an alterative and aperient. A
drachm of the powder is aperient and emetic ; and it is some-
times used as an anthelmintic. As an active and eccophrotic
bitter, it seems not ill adapted to supply the want of bile ; and
thus may be of use in protracted jaundice and other biliary
obstructions. Cullen mentions several instances of its good
effects in some cutaneous diseases of the herpetic and seemingly
cancerous kind. In a scarcity of hops this plant is used, in
the north of Europe, to give a bitter to the beer : 2 ounces will
supply the place of a pound of hops. The powdered roots are
sometimes used, in Lapland, instead of bread, but they are
unpalatable. Some say that sheep will eat it, and that it cures
them of the rot.
Var. fl, Americana (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 58.) plant
much more robust, but not otherwise distinct. %. W. H. Na-
tive of North America. Menyanthes trifoliata, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 139. Native of New Jersey, Virginia, and Canada,
and of the island of Sitcha, in bogs and stagnant waters.
This is a much more robust plant than the European species.
The flowers are pale red and very handsome.
Trifoliate Menyanthes, Buck-bean, or Bean-trefoil. Fl. May.
Britain. PI. aquatic.
* * Leaves simple.
2 M. crista-ga'lli (Menzies, mss. ex Hook. bot. misc. 1.
p. 45. t. 24.) leaves radical, on long petioles, reniform, cre-
nated ; scapes or peduncles corymbose ; segments of corolla
undulated, and crested lengthwise. 2/. B. H. Native of
the north-west coast of America, in marshy mountain pastures,
at Prince William's Sound, and about Cape Edgecombe ; and of
the island of Sitcha. Bongard. in mem. acad. petersb. 2.
p. 156. Roots or rhizoma horizontal. Scapes a foot hiL;Ii,
reddish at top. Corollas white. The crests on the segments
of the corolla are exactly similar to those of M. crislata, Roxb.
wiiich has also white flowers ; but with the habit and mode of
growth of Villarsia.
Cockscomb Buckbean. PI. 1 foot.
168
MENYANTHACE^. I. Menyanthes. II. Villarsia .
3 M. CRISTA TA (Roxb. cor. 2. p. 3. t. 105.) leaves radical,
petiolate, cordate, undidately creiiulated on the edges ; petioles
viviparous and floriterous below the leaves; pedicels several to-
gether, umbellate ; segments of corolla undulately jagged,
crested lengthwise. 11 . W. S. Native of the East Indies,
floating in pools of sweet water, in which the roots often do not
reach the bottom. Cumuda, Roxb. asiat. res. 4. p. 254.
Tsjeroea Citdmbel, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 57. t. 29. It is called
by the Bengalese Clwoli, and by the Telingas Anlara-Tamara.
Leaves variable in size, purplish green on the upper side.
Petioles various in length, and on the upper side about 2 inches
below the leaf, there is a viviparous tuberosity, which produces
the flowers as well as other leaves and roots ; tlie old leaf and
the parent petiole decaying, leave this a new plant, each petiole
in succession doing the same. Pedicels many, 1-flowered from
the above-mentioned tuberosity, sufficiently long to raise the
flowers above the water, afterwards they drop into the water,
and there ripen their seeds. Flowers pure white, about an inch
in diameter. Corona triple : the exterior one consisting of
white ramose filaments, crowning the mouth of the tube, as in
Nerium ; the middle one of 5 beautiful yellow glandular bodies,
which nearly fill the motitli of the tube, standing alternately
with the filaments ; and the interior one of 5 hairy yellow
bodies, surrounding the base of the ovarium. Seeds compressed,
scabrous.
Crested-dowered Buckbean. PI. floating.
Cult. The species are all elegant aquatic plants. The first spe-
cies is of tlie most easy culture, requiring only to be planted
or thrown into a pond, where it will grow freely ; the second,
being only a bog plant, will require to be grown in a pot filled
with peat earth, and the pot placed in a deep pan of water : it
will require protection from severe frost in winter, by placing it
in a greenhouse or frame ; but should it become plentiful, it
may be planted in a natural or artificial bog in the open air,
where it will probably endure our winters. The third species,
being a native of a warm country, will require to be kept in a
cistern or tub of water in a stove.
II. VILLA'RSIA (named in honour of D. Villars, a cele-
brated French botanist; author of Histoire des Plantes du
Dauphine, .3 vols. 8vo. Grenoble, 1786-1 788, &c.) Vent, choix.
no. 9. p. 2. R. Br. prod. p. 4 56. H. B. et Kuntb, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 187. Waldschmidia, Wigg. Nymphoides,
Tourn. hist. t. 67. Menyanthes species, Lin. and others. Lam.
ill. t. 100. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla subrotate ; with a spreading limb ; segments with a flat
disk, bearded or squamulose at the base, with ascending margins.
Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes toothed. Hypogynous glands 5. Cap-
sule 1 -celled, 2-valved, or valveless. Seeds girded by a mem-
branous margin, or naked, fixed to the edges of the valves in
a double row. — Floating aquatic plants or marsh herbs. Leaves
alternate, rarely opposite, entire, or toothed, usually dotted be-
neath. Flowers axillary, or seated on the petioles, subumbel-
late, or in terminal panicles. Corolla usually yellow ; margins
of segments fringed or entire.
Sect. I. Aqua'tic^. Capsule valveless. Floaliny mater
plants.
§ 1. Ftorvers terminal.
1 V. NYMi'HoiDEs (Vent, choix. no. 9. p. 2.) natant ; leaves
opposite, cordate-orbicular, or orbicularly reniform, repand ;
umbels sessile, terminal, or in the forks of the stem ; segments
of corolla ciliated. %.. W. H. Native of Europe, as of
Denmark, Holland, Sweden, Germany, Piedmont ; and of Sibe-
ria, in ditches and slow running streams. In England, as in the
Thames, particularly in little recesses of the shores near Walton
Bridge, near Botley Bridge, Godstowbridge, and Hinksey Ferry;
and in the fens near Ely, frequent, &c. Menyanthes nym-
phoides, Lin. spec. 207. syst. 194. Smith, engl. bot. t. 217.
Oed. fl. dan. 337. Sabb. hort. 2. p. 67. Smith, fl. greec. 1.
p. 128. t. 446. Jaume, St. Hil. 12. livr. t. 6. Limnanthemum
peltatum, Gmel. act. petrop 1769. 14. p. 567. t. 17. f. 2.
Meynanthes uatans. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 203. Waldschmidia nym-
phoides, Wigg. prim. p. 20. Drev. et Hayne, abb. zergl. 1.
]) 33. t. 6. Schweyckherta nymphoides, Gmel. 1. p. 447. —
D.alech. hist. 1010. f . 1 . Petiv. brit. t. 71. f. 4. Stem dicho-
tomous, creeping under water. Leaves of a livid colour be-
neath, and dotted. Corolla yello.\ ; segments bearded at bottom.
Seeds ciliated.
KyinpiicEa-like Villarsia. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. fl.
2 V. ova'ta (Vent, choix. t. 9.) erect; leaves ovate, erect;
flowers racemosely panicled ; segments of corolla ciliated.
%. B. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in boggy
watery places. Sims, bot. mag. 1909. Menyanthes ovata,
Lin. syst. 194. suppl. 133. Pers. ench. 1. p. 171. Menyanthes
Capensis, Tluinb. prod. p. 34. Renealmia Capensis, Hoult. pfl.
syst. 4. p. 319. t. 47. f. 1.? Leaves elliptic, obtuse, from the
neck of the root, full of pellucid dots, with subundulated edges,
and obscure glands. Stem longer than the leaves, furnished
with 2-3 leaves at base, but naked and panicled at top. Corollas
of an orange yellow colour. Perhaps belonging to the section
l'aludbs(S.
Ot'ote-leaved Villarsia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1786. PI.
1-2 feet.
§ 2. Petioles bearing thcjlowers below the leaves.
3 V. pelta'ta (Roem. et Scbultes, syst. 4. p. 178.) floating;
leaves peltate ; petioles bearing the flowers beneath the leaves.
1^. W. H. Native of Japan, floating in water. Menyanthes
peltata, Thunb. nov. act. ups. 7. p. 142. t. 4. f. 2. Menyan-
thes nymphoides, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 82. Leaves nearly orbi-
cular, thin, glabrous, broader than long.
Pf/<a/e-leaved Villarsia. PI. floating.
4 V. I'ndica (Vent, choix. p. 9. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 97. t.
30.) floating; leaves reniformly orbicular, coriaceous, repand, 3-
nerved, or many-nerved, scabrous from scrobicles beneath ; pedi-
cels elongated, umbellate from the tops of the petioles, scabrous ;
segments of corolla hairy at top; capsule round, crusiaceous;
seeds globose, echinated, ex Hook. ; roundish, compressed, size
of millet, with a shining crustaceous testa, ex D. Don. 5/ .
W. S. Native of the East Indies, and the Cape of Good Hope,
floating in sweet water lakes. Menyanthes I'ndica, Lin. fl.
zcyl. spec. 207. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 31. M. niacrophylla.
Roth. nov. spec. p. 105. Thunb. fl. cap. 167. Cmnada or
Cumud, Jones, in asiat. res. 4. p. 254. no. 30. Nedel-Ambel,
Rheed. mal. 10. p. 55. t. 28. Nympbaj'a Ceramica, Rumph.
amb. 6. p. 173. t. 72. f. 3. Corolla with a yellow tube, and
white segments. Petioles floriferous and viviparous, as in Meny-
nanthes cristata. Segments of corolla lanceolate, the upper
side clothed with long white hairs their whole length. Stigma
3-lobed, curled. Antara-Tamara is the Telinga name of the
plant, and Bura-chooli is the Bengalee name. Leaves very
variable in size ; having the hind lobes connivent.
/nrfiaw Villarsia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. floating.
5 V. MINOR (D. Don, mss.) natant ; leaves reniformly orbi-
cular, smooth beneath : having the hind lobes divaricate ; pe-
duncles smooth, short ; capsule globose, crustaceous. l/.W.S.
Native of the Himalaiah. Plant 4 times smaller in every part
than /'. I'ndica.
Smaller Villarsia. PI. floating.
MENYANTHACE^. II. Villarsia. SPIGELIACE^.
169
6 V. SImsii ; natant ; leaves reniformly cordate, subcrenated :
hind lobes rounded, divaricate ; pedicels elongated, umbellate,
rising frorr) the tops of the petioles ; calycine segments lanceo-
late ; segments of corolla bearded their whole length. If.. W.S.
Native of Nipaul. Menyanthes I'ndica, Sims, bot. mag. t. 658.
Flowers yellow. Wallich states this plant to be a native of
Nipaul, and that the young stalks are there employed in making
curries. Sir James Smith describes his T. I'ndica as having
yellow flowers, and as being a native of the Cape of Good Hope ;
it is probably the same as the present plant, or a new species.
.Siwiv's Villarsia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. floating.
7 V. SwARTZii ; natant ; leaves orbicular, deeply cordate,
subcrenated ; petioles floriferous ; flowers fasciculate ; segments
of corolla bearded lengthwise inside. 1/ . W. S. Native of
the West Indies, floating in sweet water. Menyanthes I'ndica,
Swartz, obs. 78. Meyer, ess. p. 94. Rodsch. obs. p. 73. —
Browne, jam. 151. — Sloan, jam. t. 251. Corolla white, pilose
inside, with a yellow base. Anthers reddish brown.
Swartz's Villarsia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PI. floating.
S V. Humboldtia'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 187.) natant; leaves deeply cordate, quite entire; umbels
seated on the petioles ; capsule valveless, shorter than the calyx ;
seeds lenticular, smooth, with naked edges ; segments of corolla
bearded inside lengthwise, fringed on the edges. %. W. S.
Native of New Granada, near Guaduas, in marshes, floating
amongst Juss'ue'a. Hind lobes of leaves spreading. Leaves
red beneath and dotted. Umbels sessile. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with a short, cylindrical yellow tube, and white recurved limb.
Seeds lenticular.
HumhohWs Villarsia. PI. floating.
9 V. Senegale'nsis ; natant ; leaves peltate ; segments of
corolla ciliated on the margins; petioles viviparous and floriferous.
11 . W. S. Native of Senegal, floating in water. Menyanthes
I'ndica p, Desrous. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 90. Flowers yellow. ?
Senegal Villarsia. PI. floating.
10 V. LACUNOSA (Vent choix. p. 10.) floating; leaves reni-
form, peltate, lacunose beneath ; petioles floriferous and vivipa-
rous ; corollas glabrous. Ij. . W. H. Native from New Jersey
to Carolina, floating in ponds and lakes. V. aquatica, Gmel.
syst. 447. y. cordata. Ell. sketch. Menyanthes trachy-
sperma, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 126. Anonymos aquatica,
Walt, fl, car. p. 109. Capsule scabrous. Flowers white. Ap-
pendages of the tube of the corolla prominent. This plant is
dioecious and polygamous.
P;7^erf-leaved Villarsia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. PI. fl.
11 V. PARViFLORA (Wall. Cat. no. 4351.) creeping; radical
leaves sagittalely cordate, obtuse, on thick, flattened petioles ;
floriferous leaves reniformly cordate, entire, on long slender pe-
tioles, which bear sessile umbels of flowers at the tops below
the leaves: with the hind lobes divaricate, obtuse; seeds brown,
a little flattened, w ith a smooth glossy testa. 1/ . B. S. Native
of Tavoy, in bogs. Flowers small. Capsule oblong-obovate,
mucronate by the style.
Small-Jloncred Villarsia. PI. creeping.
§ 3. Runners creeping. Peduncles racemose or panicled, opposite
the leaves,
12 V. gemina'ta (R.Br. prod. p. 457.) creeping; leaves
broadly cordate, entire ; racemes opposite the leaves ; pedicels
twin; capsule equal in length to the calyx; seeds with naked
margins. 7/ . W. G.
f ar. a ; leaves rather coriaceous, often discoloured beneath,
2 inches in diameter. V. W. G. Native of New South Wales.
J ar. jj ; leaves membranous, of the same colour on both
surfaces, 6-10 lines in diameter. 1{. W. S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. Perhaps distinct, sometimes stemless.
r/iin-pedicelled Villarsia. PI. floating.
VOL. IV.
13 V. SARMENTOSA (Rocm. ct Schultes, syst. 4. p. 180.) run-
ners creeping ; leaves cordate-orbicular, repand, dotted beneath ;
panicles opposite the leaves ; seeds glabrous, li. W. G. Na-
tive of New Holland, floating in water. Menyanthes sarmen-
tosa, Sims, bot. mag. 1328. Corollas yellow ; segments obtuse,
sinuated and crenulated.
Sarmentose Villarsia. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. PI. creeping.
Sect. II. Palud6s;e. Capsule valvate.
14 V. RENiFORMis (R. Br. prod. 457.) leaves radical, reni-
form, entire ; stem elongated, nearly naked ; flowers panicled.
lA' B. G. Native of New South Wales, in marshes about Port
Jackson; and of Van Diemen's Land. Lindl. bot. reg. 1533.
Flowers yellow. Nearly allied to V. parnassij'blia.
Kidney-shapcd-]ea\'ed Villarsia. PI. 1 foot.
15 V. PARNAssiroLiA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves radical, ovate-
cordate, repandly toothed; stem elongated, nearly naked;
flowers panicled ; segments of corolla w ith entire margins ;
capsule exceeding the calyx ; valves bifid ; seeds rather sca-
brous. -^ . B. G. Native of New South Wales ; south coast
of New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, in bogs. Swertia par-
nassisefolia, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 72. t. 97. This is a very
polymorphous plant, from 1-3 feet high. Leaves toothed or
entire, and sometimes angular. Flowers yellow.
Parnassia-lcaved Villarsia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1805. PI.
I to 3 feet.
16 V. exalta'ta ; leaves radical, orbicularly cordate, subcre-
nated ; stem panicled, almost leafless ; segments of corolla
toothed, v. B. G. Native of New South Wales. Menyanthes
exaltata. Sol. mss. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1 029. Flowers yellow.
Exalted Villarsia. Fl, May, June. Clt. ? PI. 2-3 feet.
•j- Doubtful species.
17 V. orbicula'ta (Lam. ill. no. 1966.) leaves orbicular,
crenated, peltate, bearing crowded, nearly sessile flowers in the
centre. ^ . G. Native of Africa. Leaves bearing flowers in the
manner of Claytonia perfoliuta.
Orbicular-]eave(\ Villarsia. PI. floating. ?
IS V. hydrophy'llum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 181.)
stems filiform, creeping ; leaves cordate, quite entire ; flowers
crowded, axillary, nectariferous. If. B. G. Native of Cochin-
china, in watery places. Menyanthes hydrophyilum. Lour,
coch. 105, Leaves petiolate, few, scattered. Flowers white, on
long peduncles. Corolla campanulate, hairy ; segments cre-
nated. Nectaries 5, branched, discoloured, adhering to the base
of the corolline segments. Capsule ovate, girded by the per-
manent calyx. Said by Loureiro to be intermediate between
Hydrophyilum and Menyanthes : from the larger nectaries it is
probably a species of Hydrophyilum.
Hydrophylltm-Wke Villarsia. PI. creeping.
Cult. All the species of Villarsia are elegant when in blos-
som. The hardy species require to be grown in a pond. The
greenhouse and stove aquatic species should be grown in cis-
terns in the stove or greenhouse. V. parnassiafolia, V. genii-
•nata, 1\ rcniformis, and V. sarmentosa, being only bog or marsh
plants, require to be grown in pots, in a mixture of peat and sand,
the pots to be placed in deep pans of water. All the species
are readily increased by seed or dividing.
Order CLVI. SPIGELIA'CE^E (this order contains plants
agreeing with Spigelia in important characters.) Mart. nov.
gen. bras. 2. p. 132. — Gentianese part of auihors.
Flowers regular, of equal parts. Calyx free, regularly 5-
parted. Limb of corolla equal, valvate in aestivation. Stamens
5, rising from the corolla ; pollen trigonal, the angles globular.
170
SPIGELIACE^. I. Spigelia.
Style inserted in the top of the ovarium, articulated ; stigma
simple. Capsule dicoccous, coccae 2-valved : with a free central
placenta. Seeds small ; with an immediate placentation ; testa
simple. Embryo small, straight, in fleshy, copious albumen. —
Shrubs or sub-shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, stipulate
or substipulate. Flowers disposed in secund, bracteate spikes.
Down or hairs on the plants simple or stellate. This order
differs from Gentianece, in the style being articulated; and in the
immediate, not parietal placentation of the seeds. The plants
contained in this order are highly ornamental, like those of Geri-
tidneee. The Spigelia antlielmia, and other annual species, are
used as a vermifuge ; and the root of Spigelia Marilandica, in-
fused in water, is anthelmintic ; and the wine is febrifugal.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Spigelia. Calyx S-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-
parted. Style articulated. Capsule dicoccous ; coccte 2-valved ;
Placentas pedicellate.
2 Mitre'ola. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5
parted. Style articulated, bifid at apex. Capsule 2-lobed.
Placentas pedicellate. ?
3 Mitrasa'cme. Calyx 4-cleft or bifid. Corolla with an
angular tube ; limb 4-parted. Style bifid at the base. Capsule
dehiscing between the divisions of the style.
I. SPIGE'LIA (named in honour of Adrian Spigelius, born
at Brussels, 1578, professor of anatomy and surgery at Padua;
died 1625. Author of Isogoge, in rem herhaviam, Padua, 1606.)
Lin. gen. no. 209. Juss. gen. 103. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 184. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 126. — Arapabaca,
Plum.
Lin. syst. Penidndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; limb 5-cleft. Style articidated. Capsule
didymous, dicoccous, cut round at the base ; coccaj 2-valved,
many-seeded. Seeds attached to the central placenta, which
is pedicellate from the base. — Sub-shrubs or herbs. Roots
fibrous. Stems terete, or obscurely tetragonal. Leaves oppo-
site, or sub-verticillate, sessile, connate from the confluent pe-
tioles, quite entire. Flowers disposed in terminal, secund
spikes, which are revolute at top, flowering upwards from the
base. Corollas rose-coloured, or purple. — Inhabitants of boggy,
or hard, stony situations.
§ 1. Suffruticosce. Plants suffiuticose.
1 S. pulverule'nta (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 126. t. 192.)
suffruticose ; stems branched above, nearly terete, clothed with
pale, rusty, stellate tomentum ; leaves opposite, scabrous from
powder, but at length naked, broad and sub-cordate at the base,
on short petioles ; spikes solitary ; stamens 5 times shorter than
the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; corolla and coccEe powdery.
T^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, at the altitude
of 3800 feet, on Serra de Caraca. Sp. Olfersiana, Schlecht,
in Linqsea, 1 . p. 206. Corollas rose-coloured, with more ob-
scure stripes.
Powdery Worm-grass. Shrub 2 feet.
2 S. fruticulosa (Lam. ill. p. 474. no. 2152. Poir. ency. 7.
p. 345.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves ovate-petiolate : upper ones
4 in a whorl ; spikes solitary, slender ; corolla funnel-shaped ;
stamens inclosed. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne, in woods. Habit
of S. antlielmia. Stem and branches quadrangular. Leaves 2-
3 inches long, and more than an inch broad.
Shrubby Worm-grass. Shrb 1 to 2 feet.
3 S. Sellowia'na (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 205. Mart.
1. c. p. 129.) shrubby, covered all over with yellowish, stellate
tomentum ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, rounded
at the base, acutish, scabrous above ; spikes solitary ; corollas
tubular ; stamens esserted. Ij . S. Native of the interior of
Brazil. Habit of S. pulverulenta ; but the flowers are double
the size, and more conspicuous.
Scllus Wormgrass. Shrub.
4 S. glabra'ta (Mart. 1. c. p. 127. t. 193.) suffruticose, qin'te
glabrous ; branches nearly terete ; leaves oblong or lanceolate,
long-acuminated, tapering into the short petioles ; upper ones
usually 1 in a whorl ; spikes aggregate ; stamens 3 times shorter
than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; coccae glabrous. \i ,
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in shady woods,
at Almada and Ilheos. Sp. laurina, Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1.
p. 204. Flowers 8-12 on each peduncle, fewer than in the last
species. Corollas flesh-coloured, with more obscure stripes,
about 8 lines long.
Glabrous Worm-grass. Shrub 2 feet.
I 2. Perennis. Herbaceous, perennial ^^lants.
5 S. pulche'lla (Mart. 1. c. 2. p. 128. t. 194.) quite glabrous;
stems furrowed-angular, almost leafless, rushy ; leaves opposite,
sessile, small, linear, acute ; spikes solitary ; stamens exserted,
but 5 times shorter than the corolla, which is tubular ; coccae
smooth. 2/ . S. Native of Brazil, in high, rocky places, near
Villa do Rio de Contas, at the elevation of 2800 feet. Corollas
showy scarlet, an inch and more long.
A'^eat Worm-grass. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 S. Schlechtendalia'na (Mart. 1. c. p. 129.) stems and
branches tetragonal ; leaves opposite, or 4 in a whorl, sessile,
narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, downy on the nerves beneath ;
spikes solitary; stamens inclosed, 3 times shorter than the co-
rolla, which is funnel-shaped; coccae smooth. %. S. Native
of Brazil, on the top of mount Morro de Villa Rica, at the ele-
vation of 4000 feet. Corolla 8 lines long, pale rose-coloured,
marked with obscure lines.
SchlechtcndahV s Worm-grass. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
7 S. Humboldtia'na (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 200. Mart,
nov. gen. br. 2. p. 129.) herbaceous, smoothish ; stem and
branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, or
ovate, acute at the base ; upper ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes soli-
tary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed ; coccae smooth.
1^. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Rio Janeiro, St.
Paul, and Cisplatine ; and of Mexico, in woods, at Papantla.
Flowers white. Very like the following.
Humboldt' s Worm-grass. PI. 1 foot.
8 S. sca'bra (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 202. Mart. I. c.) herbaceous ;
stem and branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate, attenuated
at the base, scabrous beneath, especially on the nerves and veins;
floral leaves 4 in a whorl ; spikes solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped ;
stamens inclosed; cocca roughish. If.. S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Cisplatine.
Scabrous Worm-glass. PL 1 to 2 feet.
9 S. Beyriciiia'na (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 203.) herbaceous,
smoothish ; stem and branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acute at both ends : floral ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes soli-
tary ; corollas funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed ; coccse smooth,
■y.. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Very
nearly allied to Sp. glabrata ; but differs, in the leaves being
shorter, ovate, less hard, and smooth.
Beyrich's Worm-grass. PI.
10 S. hamellioi'des (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
185.) herbaceous, smoothish ; stems simple, glabrous; leaves
ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, but furnished with
small, scattered, adpressed hairs beneath ; upper ones 3-4 in a
SPIGELIACEiE. I. Spigelia. II. Mitreola.
171
whorl; spikes solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped: stamens inclosed,
twice shorter than the corolla ; coccae glabrous. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of New Granada, near Guaduas, in temperate places. Stem
sub-tetragonal. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Calycine segments
linear-subulate, with hispid edges.
Hamellia-like Worm-grass. PI. 1 foot. ?
lis. peduncula'ta (Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Scliultes, syst.
4. p. 787. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) herbaceous, glabrous ; stem
nearly simple ; leaves oblong, long-acuminated, rather scabrous
on the margins, upper ones usually 4 in a whorl ; spikes solitary,
on long peduncles ; stamens equal in length to the corolla ; co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; cocca; glabrous. %. S. Native on the
declivities of the Andes, about Quindiu, near El Moral. Stems
nearly terete. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, with hispid
edges. Corolla purple.
Peduncled-%\i\\i.eA Worm-grass. PI. 1^ foot.
\i S. spEciosA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 186. t. 224.) herba-
ceous ; stems simple, tetragonal, downy ; leaves opposite,
roundish, acute, sessile, glabrous, but downy on the veins be-
neath, and ciliated on the margins ; sjiikes terminal, sessile,
solitary; corolla funnel-shaped; stamens exserted. If.. S.
Native near the city of Mexico. Root tuberous. Veins of
leaves purplish. Corolla large, flesh-coloured ; with a green,
revolute limb.
Slwiiy Worm-grass. Fl. April. PI. 1^ foot.
13 S. Maryla'ndica (Lin. syst. \df. mant. 2. p. 330.)
herbaceous ; stems simple, tetragonal, scabrous : leaves oppo-
site, sessile, oval-lanceolate, glabrous ; spikes solitary ; corolla
funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed ; coccae glabrous. ? If, . H.
Native of Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Georgia, &c. on the
edges of woods, in rich moist soil ; and on the banks of the
Arkansas, in the forests near the first cliffs. Michx. fl. bor.
anier. 1. p. 148. Pursh, 1. p. 139. Curt. hot. mag. t. 80.
Lodd. bot. cab. 930. Stev. et Church, med. bot. 1. t. 7.
Plench,t. 89. Heyne, term. bot. t. 44. f. 3. Garden and Hope,
act. edinb. 3. 1771. p. 145-153. t. 1. Lonicera Marylandica,
Lin. spec. 2. p. 249. Catesb. car. 2. t. 78. Corollas scarlet
outside and yellow inside. Calycine segments subulate. The
roots are sold under the name of worm-grass or jyink- root, or
/ndiVrnj5(»/i in the shops. This is a mucilaginous plant, with a
mild and not disagreeable taste. The infusion and decoction
of the root and leaves afford a flocculent precipitate with alco-
hol. The plant was first used by the Cherokee Indians as an
anthelmintic. Drs. Lining, Garden, and Chalmers first intro-
duced it to notice ; and their subsequent experience tended to
confirm its utility. The root possesses the greatest activity,
and is given in doses of from 10 grains, two or three times a
day. If it proves purgative it is said to be most effective ; and
should it not, it must be combined with cathartics, which pre-
vent the narcotic symptoms, such as stupor, head-ache, dilated
pupil, flushings of the face, stiffness of the eyelids, that so fre-
quently follow its administration. It is said to be most useful
in lumbrica ; and it is to its narcotic principle that Dr. Good
attributes its vermifuge powers, which it possesses in common
with Spigelia anthilmia. Notwithstanding all that has been
said in its favour, its real anthelmintic properties are somewhat
equivocal. The plant is called Vnsteella by the Cherokee Indians.
Maryland Worm-grass. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1694. PI. |
to 1 foot.
§ 3. Annuce. Annual plants.
14 S. anthe'lmia (Lin. amoen. 5. p. 133. t. 2.) herbaceous,
roughish ; stems nearly terete, branched ; leaves on short pe-
tioles, ovate, long-acuminated, or oblong-acute : floral ones 4
in a whorl ; spikes aggregate ; corollas funnel-shaped ; stamens
inclosed; coccae muricately scabrous. ©. S. Native of
Guiana, Cayenne, New Granada, Trinidad, and Brazil. In New
Andalusia it is called Yerba de Lombrices. Sims, bot. mag.
2359. Lam. ill. t. 107. Brown, jam. p. 15C. t. 37. f. 3.—
Plum. gen. p. 11. t. 31. — Plenck, off. t. 88. Brazeel-Parrsis,
Petiv. gaz. t. 59. f. 10. Corollas pale red, small.
Anthelmintic Worm-grass. Fl. July. Clt. 1759. PI. i to
1 foot.
15 S. Flemmingia'na (Schlecht, in Linnaea. 1. p. 203.
Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 130.) herbaceous, glabrous; stem
and branches nearly terete ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends : floral ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes soli-
tary, elongated, on short peduncles ; corolla funnel-shaped ;
stamens inclosed; coccae smooth. ©. S. Native of Brazil,
within the tropic. Very like S. anthelmia.
Flemming's Worm-grass. PL |^ to 1 foot.
16 S. pusIlla (Mart. 1. c. p. 130.) herbaceous, downy ;
branches procumbent, and are as well as the stem tetragonal ;
leaves on short petioles, opposite, ovate, attenuated at the base,
acutish ; flowers few, terminal, sessile ; corolla tubularly ven-
tricose ; coccae smooth. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in woods,
near Sebastianople. Corollas white, suffused w'ith red. Flowers
2-3 together at the tops of the branches.
Small Worm-grass. PI. procumbent.
Cult. All the species of this genus are very showy while in
blossom, and are therefore worth cultivating in every collection.
The best soil for them is an equal mixture of loam and peat.
Young cuttings of the shrubby and herbaceous perennial kinds
root freely, planted in the same kind of soil, with a hand-glass
placed over them. S. Marylandica sometimes survives the
winter when planted in the open ground, in a peat border. The
annual kinds should be treated as other tender annuals.
II. MITRE'OLA (a dim. of /Jirpa, mitra, a mitre; form of
capsule). Rich, in Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 148. R. Br.
prod. p. 450. — Cynoctonum, Gniel. syst. 443. — Anonymos,
Walt. fi. car. 108. Ophiorhiza spec. Lin. Michx.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5 -parted, per-
manent. Corolla urceolate or funnel-shaped ; having the tube
much longer than the calyx ; a villous mouth ; and ovate, acute
segments. Stamens inclosed. Style articulated at the base?;
bifid at apex ; stigmas blunt. Capsule 2-lobed or of 2 coccae ;
coccae or lobes diverging, dehiscing inside. Seeds numerous,
angular, fixed to 2 elongated placentas, one in each coccae
or cell. — Erect herbaceous plants, with opposite leaves ; and
terminal secund spikes of flowers.
1 M. SESsiLiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 450.) stem acutely tetra-
gonal ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate ; cymes on long pedun-
cles; flowers unilateral. 1/. H. Native of Lower Virginia
and Carolina, in dry gravelly fields, by wood sides. Ophiorhiza,
Mitreola, Lin. spec. 213. Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 148.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 826. Pursh, 1. p. 139. Lam. ill. t. 107.
f. 1. Cynoctonum sessilifolium, Gmel. syst. 443. Anonymos
sessilifolia, Walt. fl. car. p. 108. Flowers small, pale blue.
Style bifid. Cynoctonum petioltltum, Gmel. 1. c. the Anony-
mos petiolata, Walt. 1. c. is probably a mere variety of this plant.
Sessile-leaved Mitreola. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot.
2 M. Swa'rtzii; glabrous; stem tetragonal, simple, or
branched, terete at top ; leaves on short petioles, acute, gla-
brous ; spikes terminal, slender, unilateral : flowers digynous,
solitary in the forks. 1/ . S. Native of Jamaica. Ophiorhiza
Mitreola, Swartz, obs. p. 59. t. 3. f. 2. exclusive of the syno-
nymes. Flowers small, white, a little longer than the calyx.
Styles 2.
Swartz's Mitreola. PI. 1 foot.
3 M. PANicuLA TA (Wall. Cat. no. 4349.) erect, pamculately
branched ; stem and branches slightly tetragonal ; leaves ovate.
172
SPIGELIACE^. III. MiTRASACME.
acuminated, downy, as well as the young branches ; leaves and
petioles slightly ciliated ; panicles axillary and terminal ; dicho-
tomously branched; flowers distant, secund, spicate, on very short
pedicels, with one in each fork. ©. H. Native of Tavoy, on
Mount Taong Dong, near Ava, Segaen, Prorae, &c. Capsule
of 2 1 -celled divisions, which are incurved at top. Mitreola
oldenlandioides. Wall. cat. no. 4350., a native of Sukanagur,
is only a smaller more glabrous variety ; having the stems more
decidedly quadrangular.
Pankled Mitreola. PI. | to 2 feet.
Cult. See Mitrasdcme, p. 173. for culture and propagation.
III. MITRASA'CME (from ^urpa, mitra, a mitre, and
aKfir), aknie, a point; form of capsule). Labill. nov. hoU. 1. p.
36. t. 49. R. Br. prod. p. 452. According to R. Br. 1. c.
Milrdgyne would be a more applicable name for this genus.
Lin. syst. Telr6ndria, Monogynia. Calyx angular, 4-
cleft, rarely bifid. Corolla with an angular tube, and a 4-
parted limb, deciduous. Stamens 4, equal, inclosed, rarely
exserted ; anthers behind. Style bifid at the base. Capsule
dehiscing between the divisions of the style. — -Glabrous or pilose
herbs. Leaves opposite, sometimes crowded and radical, with-
out any cauline ones ; sometimes connate. Flowers terminal,
umbellate, rarely axillary, solitary. Capsule dehiscing at top,
not open. — According to R. Br. this genus differs from the legi-
timate Gentianece a little, but nevertheless it agrees more with
E'xacum than with ScrophuldrincB.
Sect. I. Mitrasa'cme ve*R;E (this section contains the
legitimate species of the genus). R. Br. prod. p. 452. Calyx
4-cleft. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the middle of the tube
of the corolla. Style at the time the flowers are open, bifid at
the base ; stigma 2-lobed.
1 M. poLYMORPHA (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) umbels serai-com-
pound ; peduncles elongated, and are as well as the calyxes
glabrous ; segments of calyx beardless at apex ; leaves linear,
ciliated a little, glabrous or pilose beneath ; stem erect, hairy.
O. G. Native of New South Wales.
Polymorphous MiUasacme. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI.
i foot.
2 M. sauARUosA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels semi-compound ; pe-
duncles glabrous ; segments of calyx beardless at tops ; leaves
broad-linear, crowded, recurvad at tops, and ciliated at the base,
with cartilaginous margins; stem multiple, pilose. ©. G. Na-
tive of New South Wales.
Squarrose Mitrasacme. PI.
3 M. cinera'scens (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels simple, 3-4-flowered;
peduncles glabrous ; calycine segments beardless at apex ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, ciliated, glabrous, terminating in a setaceous
mucrone ; branches ascending, pilose : the ultimate internode
the longest, and smoothish. ©. G. Native of New South
Wales.
Greyish Mitrasacme. PI.
4 M. cane'scens (R. Br. prod. p. 453.) umbels usually 3-
flowered, sessile ; pedicels glabrous; calycine segments bearded
at apex ; leaves linear, obtuse, hairy on both surfaces ; stem
procumbent ; branches ascending, with all the internodes pilose ;
root perennial. % . G. Native of New South Wales.
Canescent Mitrasacme. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
procumbent.
5 M. multicau'lis (R. Br. I.e.) peduncles 2-4, 1 -flowered,
from the ultimate axils, shorter than the stem, pilose ; tube of
corolla about equal to the calyx, but twice longer than the limb ;
capsules ovate ; stem multiple : partial ones undivided, erect,
hairy. ©. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Many-stemmed Mitrasacme. PI.
6 M. RAMOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbel terminal, 4-6-flowered;
pedicels pilose ; tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx,
which is pilose ; leaves linear, pilose ; stem simple at the base,
and a little branched at the apex. ©. G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Branched Mitrasacme. PI.
7 M. LARiciEOLiA (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles downy, axillary,
1 -flowered, longer than the stem, which is simple; tube of
corolla 3 lines longer than the limb ; capsules globose ; leaves
linear-subulate, terminating in a setaceous mucrone, glabrous,
with recurved margins, which are ciliated at the base. ©. S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Za)cA-/eai)ec/ Mitrasacme. PI.
8 M. pROLiFERA (R. Br. 1. c.) Umbels terminal, 2-3-fiowered,
on as many axillary pedicels ; tube of corolla globose, exceeding
the limb : throat bearded ; capsules globose ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, glabrous ; stem branched, humble. ©. S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic.
Proliferous Mitrasacme. PI.
9 M. alsinoIdes (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles solitary, lateral ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; stem dichotomous, erect. ©.
G. Native of New South Wales.
Chiclimeed-like Mitrasacme. PI.
10 M. PALUDosA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels 2-3-flowered, nearly
terminal ; corollas subrotate ; anthers exserted at the apex ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; branches ascending. ©. G.
Native of New South Wales.
Marsh Mitrasacme. PI.
11 M. PYGMiE'A (R. Br. 1. c.) scapes radical, capillary;
umbels simple or compound ; corolla one half longer than the
calycine segments, which are setaceously mucronate ; capsules
ovate, exserted at apex; leaves radical, oval -oblong. ©. S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Pygmy Metrasacme. PI. dwarf.
12 M. ela'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) scapes radical, elongated, fur-
nished with remote stipula-formed leaves ; umbels simple or
compound ; corolla salver-shaped : having the tube 3 times
higher than the calyx ; leaves radical, stellate, oblong. ©. S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Tall Mitrasacme. PI.
13 M. stella'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 454.) scapes glabrous,
longer than the stem, which is downy ; umbels compound ; limb
of corolla one half shorter than the tube : segments semi-ovate ;
leaves lanceolate, linear, acute, glabrous, 1 -nerved: upper ones
approximate, disposed in a stellate manner. ©. S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Starry \edL\QA Mitrasacme. PI.
14 M. sERPYLLiFOLiA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant Creeping, smoothish;
branches diffuse or ascending ; leaves ovate, petiolate, ciliated,
twice as long as the peduncles, which are axillary and solitary ;
calyx glabrous ; stigma almost undivided. ©. G. Native of
New South Wales.
IVild-thyme-leaved Mitrasacme. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826.
PI. creeping.
15 M. riLosA (Labill. nov. hoU. 1. p, 36. t. 49. R. Br. I.e.)
plant creeping, pilose : leaves ovate, petiolate, ciliated, shorter
than the axillary, solitary peduncles ; calyxes hispid. ©. G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Pilose Mitrasacme. PI. trailing.
16 M. PHAscoiDES (R. Br. 1. c.) stemless; flowers 3-4-toge-
ther, sessile ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose. 0. S. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Phascum-like Mitrasacme. PI. tufted.
Sect. II. Dicheloca'lyx (from cf)(t]\og, dichelos, bifid, and
/caXu?, calyx, a calyx ; in reference to the bifid calyx). Calyx
SPIGELIACE.E. III. Mitrasacme. GENTIANEiE.
173
bifid. Stamens inclosed, inserted in tlie middle of the tube of
the corolla. Style bifid at the base, at the time the flowers are
expanded. Stigma 2-lobed.
17 M. PARADOXA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels terminal : leaves linear-
lanceolate ; stem erect; capsule inclosed. 0. G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Paradoxical Mitrasacme. PI.
Sect. 111. Hologyne (from oXoq, holos, entire, and yuir;,
gyne, a female ; in reference to the undivided style and stigma).
Style undivided at the base at the time the flowers are open.
Stigma entire. Calyx 4-cleft. Stamens inclosed, inserted in
the middle of the tube of the corolla.
18 M. conna'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) scape terminal, glabrous, longer
than the stem, which is pilose ; umbels simple ; limb of corolla
about equal to the tube in length : with the segments linear-
lanceolate ; segments of calyx one half shorter than the tube;
leaves 3-nerved ; upper ones approximating in a stellate manner.
©. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Conna<e-leaved Mitrasacme. PI.
19 M. caph.la'ris (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. 420. D. Don,
prod, fl nep. 129.) umbels nearly simple, on elongated pedun-
cles ; pedicels and calyxes glandular ; segments of corolla
roundish, obtuse ; leaves elliptic, mucronulate, pilose as well
as the stem, which is short. Q. G. Native of Nipaid, in the
Great Valley. Leaves decussate, obsoletely 3-nerved, connate
at the base from the membranous sheathing stipulas. Pedicels
very long. Flowers small, white. Segments of calyx with
membranous ciliated margins. Style subulate, dilated at the
base, bipartite when the capsule becomes mature. Stigma ca-
pitate, pruinose, slightly 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, empty at top.
Capillary Mitrasacme. PI. \ foot.
20 M. nudicau'lis (Reinwdt. herb, ex Blum, bijdr. p. 849.)
scape radical, elongated, trifid ; leaves opposite, remote, stipula-
formed ; umbels usually 3-flowered ; corolla salver-shaped ;
having the tube thrice as long as the calyx ; radical leaves stel-
late, oval-oblong, obtuse. 1/. S. Native of the island of Salor.
Naked-stemmed Mitrasacme. Fl. Aug. Sept. PI.
Sect. IV. Plecoca'lyx (from TrXecw, 2>l<!co, to plait, and
i:a\vs, calyx ; in reference to the plicate calyx). Calyx plicate,
4-cleft ; lobes concave. Stamens exserted, inserted in the
throat of the corolla. Capsule at length semi-bivalved.
21 M. AMBiGUA (R. Br. 1. c.) scapes radical, capillary, naked;
umbels rather compound; leaves oblong-lanceolate. ©. G.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Ambiguous Mitrasacme. PI.
Cult. The species of Mitrasacme being for the most part
annual, the seeds of those which can be procured should
be sown in pots, filled with an equal mixture of sand, loam,
and peat, and reared in a hot-bed in spring ; and when they
have grown to a sufficient size, they should be thinned, if too
thick, and afterwards placed in the greenhouse, or in a frame.
Order CLVII. GENTIA^NE^. (This order contains plants
agreeing with the genus Gentiana in particular characters.) Juss.
gen. p. 141. ed. Usteri, p. 157. R. Br. 149. H. B. et Kunth.
nov. gen. amer. 3 p. 167. Mart. nov. gen. bras, 2. p. 132.
Calyx 4-5 cleft, permanent. Corolla monopetalous,hypogynous,
regular, marcescent or deciduous; with an equally parted limb ;
lobes equal in number to the calycine segments, but usually 5, some-
times from 4-8, imbricate in sestivation. Stamens epipetalous,
equal in number to the segments of the corolla, and alternating
with them, but some of them are abortive. Ovarium solitary,
1 -2-celled, many-seeded. Styles 1 or 2, when 2 they are partly
combined or altogether so; stigmas 12. Capsule (sometimes
a berry) many-seeded, 1 -2-celled, usually 2-valved ; having the
margins of the valves bent in and bearing the seeds in those
in which the capsule is 1 -celled ; but the seeds are inserted in
central placentas in those with 2-celled capsules. Seeds small.
Embryo straight, inclosed in the axis of soft fleshy albumen.
Radicle tending towards the umbilicus. — Herbs, rarely shrubs,
usually glabrous. Leaves opposite, entire, exstipulate. Flowers
terminal or axillary.
This order is more readily distinguished by habit alone, than
by character. It is nearly allied to Polemoniacece, Scrophu-
Idrince, and Spigeliacece ; from the first it is distinguished by
the dehiscence of the capsule and placentation of the seeds ;
from the second in the flowers being regular, and in the stamens
being equal in length ; and from the latter in the style not being
kneed, in the capsule being 1-celled, and in the seeds being
fixed to the edges of the valves. It also comes near to Apocynece,
but is readily distinguished from that order in the aestivation of
the corolla. In Swertia pereiinis the embryo is in the umbilical
region of the seed, contrary to the assertion of Dr. Gccrtner.
The species are chiefly natives of cool and mountainous re-
gions of Europe, Asia, and America. They are mostly dwarf,
herbaceous plants, with deep blue, yellow, or white flowers, the
former colour prevailing. They are all pretty, and most of
them beautiful in the highest degree, but, with few exceptions,
they are impatient of cultivation. The medicinal properties of
the root of Asterias lutea, Coilantha rubra, and C. purpurea,
the stems and leaves of Agathbles alata, Erythrce'a Centaiirium,
and E. Chilensis, Frasera IValteri, &.C., are eminently tonic, sto-
machic, and febrifugal ; their bitterness is second only to quassia
and Peruvian bark. Similar, but more feeble virtues are found
in most of this order. A kind of spirit is distilled in Switzerland
from the roots of Gentiana macerated in water.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Gentianie'^. Capsule 1 -2-celled; margins of valves pla-
centiferous. Seeds usually disposed in a double row.
Sub-tribe I. Gentia^ne.«-ve'r;e. Capsule l-celled, Z-valved ;
margins of valves bearing the seeds. Anthers remaining un-
changed.
1 Swe'rtia. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted: having 2 necta-
riferous pores at the base of each segment, which are ciliated
with hairs. Seeds compressed, marginate.
2 Hale'nia. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted : each segment fur-
nished with a spur, horn or tubercle at the base. Seeds
roundish, small, smooth.
3 Agathotes. Corolla rotate, 4-parted : having 2 parallel,
oblong, fringed pores at the base of each segment. Seeds
minute, globose, smooth.
4 Ophe'lia. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted; each segment
furnished with 2 distinct or combined nectariferous, naked pores
or glands at the base. Seeds angular, scrobicidate, scabrous.
5 Gentiane'lla. Corolla 4-cleft, salver- shaped, furnished
with 4 nectariferous pores at the bottom ; segments fringed.
Seeds small, scobiform.
174
GENTIANE^.
6 Frase'ra. Corolla rotate, t-partecl ; each segment fur-
nished with 1 orbicular bearded gland in the middle. Seeds
imbricate, marginate.
7 Gentia'na. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-5-cleft.
Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds roundish or oblong.
8 Centaure'lla. Corolla urceolately campanidate, 4-cleft.
Stigma thick, glandular, 2-lobed. Seeds small, roundish.
9 Aste'rias. Calyx spathaceous, 3-4-cleft, split on one
side. Corolla subrotate, 5-cleft, furnished with a green gland
at the base of each segment. Anthers at first combined, after-
wards free. Seeds compressed, winged.
10 Coila'ntha. Calyx spathaceous, unequally toothed,
split on one side. Corolla campanulate, 5-10-cleft. Stigma
bifid. Anthers at first combined. Capsule furnished with 5-7
tubercles at the base. Seeds compressed, winged.
11 Eurytha'lia. Corolla salver-shaped: limb 4-5-cleft,
with as many bearded or fringed smaller segments inside these,
and attached to them at the base. Anthers incumbent. Stigma
2-lobed. Seeds compressed, roundish.
12 Pleurogyna. Corolla rotate, 4-5-cleft, with a fringed
throat. Anthers incumbent. Stigmas 2, adnate to the ovarium
lengthwise on both sides in the sutures. Seeds minute, globose.
13 Erica'la. Corolla funnel-shaped or salver-shaped, 8-10-
cleft ; the alternate or accessory segments usually the smallest.
Anthers incumbent, ovate or oblong, minute. Seeds ovate or
oblong, minute.
14 Pneumona'nthe. Corolla campanulate or salver-shaped,
10-cleft: the alternate or accessory segments usually the smal-
lest. Anthers combined. Seeds small, globose, smooth.
15 Glyphospe'rmum. Flowers polygamous. Corolla tu-
bular, 5-cleft. Anthers incumbent. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.
Seeds orbicular, full of excavated dots, disposed in a single row.
16 Sela^tium. Corolla tubular, S-lobed. Filaments flat;
anthers incumbent. Stigma 2-lobed, nearly sessile. Placentas
2, one half shorter than the ovarium.
17 Ulostoma. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted : having the
tube bearded with long hairs inside. Filaments dilated: anthers
incumbent. Ovarium fusiform. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed.
18 Schulte'sia. Calyx tubular, 4-cleft, 4-winged. Corolla
salver- shaped, with an equal tube, and a 4-cleft limb. Stigma
bilamellate. Seeds minute, angular.
19 Callopisma. Calyx 4-parted ; with keeled segments.
Corolla salver-shaped, 4-cleft; with an equal tube. Stigma
2-lobed, exserted. Anthers pruinose, opening by a double pore
at the apex. Seeds oblong or angular.
20 Ta'chia. Calyx tubular, 5-angled, 5-tootlied. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 5-parted, with a wide throat. Stamens exserted,
inclinate. Stigma small, round, bilamellate, exserted ; margins
of valves bent into the central placenta. Seeds small, viscid.
21 Prepu'sa. Calyx campanulate, 6-cleft, 6-winged. Co-
rolla campanulate, 6-cleft. Stamens 6. Seeds minute, globose,
angular.
22 Orthoste'mon. Caly.\ tubular, 4-toothed. Corolla with
a short, 4-parted limb. Stamens 4, exserted ; anthers dehis-
cing lengthwise. Stigmas 2, roundish.
23 Chlora. Calyx 4-8-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, 4-
5-parted. Stamens 8 ; filaments very short ; anthers linear,
erect. Stigma 2-4-cleft. Capsule oval-oblong. Seeds minute.
24 HippioN. Calyx viscid, 5-cleft. Corolla viscid, salver-
shaped, swelling at the base, and contracted at the orifice ;
limb 5-eleft. Stamens 5, exserted. Anthers incumbent. Style
declinate. Stigma capitate, slightly cloven.
25 Canscora. Calyx cylindrical or quadrangular. Corolla
funnel-shaped : with a 4-cleft unequal limb. Stamens 4, one
longer than the rest. Anthers oblong-linear. Stigma 2-lobed.
Seeds roundish, minute.
26 VoHiKiA. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft; furnished with 2-3
scales at the base. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft ; tube long,
narrow, tumid at the base. Anthers almost sessile. .Stigma
capitate, simple. Capsule oblong. Seeds scobiform.
27 Leipha'imos. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate, nearly sessile. Stigma
somewhat peltate, sub-bilabiate. Capsule lanceolate ; edges of
valves villous. Seeds scobiform.
28 Enicoste'ma. Calyx unequally 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; filaments dilated. Stigma capi-
tate, subemarginate. Capsule oblong. Seeds scrobiculate.
29 Crawfu'rdia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla cam-
panulate, 5-cleft, with or without accessory lobes. Filaments
dilated ; anthers erect. Hypogynous disk 5-lobed. Stigma
2-lobed, recurved. Seeds with membranous edges.
Sub-tribe II. Coutou'bevE. Capsule ^-celled, in conse-
quence of the margins of the valves being bent into the central
column ; margins of valves placentiferous. Anthers remaining
unchanged, even in the old state,
30 Coutou'bea. Calyx campanulate, 4-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped, 4-parted ; tube equal. Stamens 4, exserted ;
filaments bidentate at the base. Anthers sagittate. Stigma
bilamellate. Seeds scobiform.
31 Adene'ma. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped,
5-cleft. Stamens 5, inclosed; filaments short, furnished with
a gland at the insertion of each ; anthers incumbent. Stigma
2-lobed. Seeds scobiform.
32 Sciiuble'ria. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubularly campanu-
late, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, minute; anthers oblong. Stigma simple,
penicellately glandular. Seeds small, ovate or obovate, angular.
33 He'lia. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted. Corolla salver-
shaped ; limb rather oblique, o-parted : tube inflated in the
middle. Stamens 5. Stigma of 2 cylindrical divisions. Seeds
small, globose, or angular.
31 EuDoxiA. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 5,
adnate to the tube of the corolla ; filaments channelled inside ;
anthers linear, incumbent. Ovarium fusiform, 2-celled. Stigma
sessile, 2-lobed. Ovula orbicidar, peltate, concave on one side,
with membranous edges.
Sub-tribe III. Chironi^. Capsule \ -celled, 2-valved ; mar-
gins of valves ivflexed, seminiferous. Anthers changed when old.
25 Chir6nia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft.
Stamens 5 ; filainents dilated ; anthers oblong, erect, connivent,
at length spirally twisted. Style declinate. Stigma capitate.
GENTIANE/E. I. Swertia.
175
36 Rosli'nia. All as in Chironia, but diffcis in tlie fruit being
a succulent berry.
37 Erythr^'a. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped : with
a short 4-5-parted limb. Anthers spiral in the old state. Style
erect. Stigmas 2, roundish.
38 Sabba'tia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with an urceolate
tube, and a 5-12-parted limb. Stigmas 2, spiral. Anthers at
length revolute.
Sub-tribe IV. Lisia'nthex. Capsule 2-celled, in conse-
quence of the margins of the valves being bent into the central
column ; margins of valves placentiferous. Anthers changed in
the old state.
39 Lisia'nthus. Calyx campanulate, 5-clcft. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped ; tube ventricose on one side ; limb equal, 5-cleft.
Anthers sagittate, incumbent, revolute in the old state. Style
elongated; stigma bilaniellate. Seeds small, angular.
40 Irlba'ciiia. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
shaped, equal, 5-cleft. Anthers revolute when old. Lobes of
stigma cylindrical. Seeds angular, small.
dl Symbola'nthus. Calyx 5-parted, pentagonal. Corolla
salver-shaped, 5-parted ; tube cylindrical ; segments fringed.
Stamens having a small crenulated, ring-formed membrane at
the base of the filaments. Anthers sagittate, but at length con-
volute. Lobes of stigma linear-oblong, flat.
4.2 Eu'sTOMA. Calyx 5-parted ; having the segments more
or less winged on the back. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ;
tube contracted a little at apex. Stamens 5 ; filaments com-
pressed ; anthers rather sagittate. Stigma deeply 2-lobed.
Seeds scobiform.
Tribe IL
Exacie\«. Capsule Z-celled; margins of valves inflexed, in-
serted in the central placentas, which are at length free and bear
the seeds.
43 Seb^'a. Calyx 4-5-parted ; segments keeled or winged.
Corolla 4-5-cleft. Stamens exserted ; anthers dehiscing length-
wise, when old recurved and callous at the apex. Stigmas 2.
44 E'xAcuM. Calyx campanulate, 4-cleft ; segments winged
on the back. Corolla subrotate, 4-cleft. Stamens 4, declinate ;
filaments terete ; anthers oblong, sub-tetragonal, emarginate at
the base, erect, dehiscing by a chink at apex. Style declinate.
Stigma clavate, undivided.
45 Microca'le. Calyx deeply 4-cleft. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a sw'elling tube and a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4,
filiform, erect : anthers oblong. Style declinate ; stigma capi-
tate, undivided. Capsule imperfectly 2-celled.
Tribe III.
Desfoktainie'te. Berry l-celled, many-seeded ; Kith i-S pa-
rietal septiform placentas, hence the berry appears many-celled ;
placentas with rejlexed seminiferous sides. Seeds disposed with-
out order, erect, obovate, angular, with an umbilicus at the base,
and a dilated chalaza at top. Albumen fleshy, white. — Ever-
green shrubs, with spiny-toothed leaves, and solitary, terminal,
pedunculate flowers. Peduncles bibracteatc.
4G Desfonta'inia. Calyx 4-5-parted ; with nearly equal
12
obtuse segments. Corolla tubular, cartilaginous ; with a 4-5-
lobed limb ; lobes roundish, refuse. Stamens 4-5. Anthers
erect, innate, 2-celled, inserted each in a large, fleshy connective ;
cells dehiscing lengthwise.
-|- A genus hardly known.
47 Palia'dia. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb of 8 segments ;
tube furnished with 8 plicae. Capsules 2, club-shaped. Stigmas
2, spreading. Seeds small, roundish, fixed to spongy receptacles.
Tribe I.
Gentianie'^e. Capsule 1-2-celled, 2-valved; margins of valves
placentiferous. Seeds usually disposed in two rows, on each side
of the valves.
Sub-tribe I. Gentia'ne^-ve"r.«:. (This tribe is supposed to
contain the legitimate species of the genus.) Capsule l-celled,
2-valved. Margins of valves bearing the seeds. Anthers re-
maining unchanged in the old state.
I. SWE'RTIA (so named by Linnaeus after Iman Sweert,
a cultivator of bulbs and flowers, in Holland ; author of Flori-
legium, Francof. 1612. foL). Lin. gen. no. 321. Sehreb. 449.
Juss. 142. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 160. t. 114. Lam. ill. t. 109.
LiN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply
4-5-parted. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted; segments furnisiied
with 2 callous scrobicles at the base of each, which are fringed
on the edges. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments subulate, flattened, gla-
brous, dilated at the base ; anthers incumbent, dehiscing length-
wise, loosened at the base. Style very short. Stigmas 2, sub-
orbiculate, flattened, minutely papillose above, witii revolute
edges. Capsule l-celled, 2-valved. Seeds compressed, mar-
ginate, fixed to the edges of the valves. — Usually glabrous
herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, quite entire, nerved.
Flowers terminal, pedunculate, almost solitary, or racemosely
panicled, blue or yellowish.
§ 1. Pent&mera (from ttevte, pente, five, and fiepig, meris, a
part ; parts of the flowers). Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft.
Stamens 5.
1 S. pere'nnis (Lin. spec. 328.) glabrous : stems erect, and
are, as well as peduncles, tetragonal ; leaves almost all radical,
ovate or elliptic, obsoletely nerved ; racemes panicled, terminal ;
segments of corolla acute. 11. H. Native of Germany,
Austria, Fi'ance, Caucasus, and Siberia ; and of North Wales.
Jacq. austr. 243. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1441. Pall. ros. 2. p.
98. Gentikna paniculitta. Lam. fl. fr. 2. no. 333. Gentiana
palustris, All. ped. no. 367. — Hall. helv. no. 636. — Barrel, icon,
t. 91. — Morr. his. sect. 12. t. 5. f. 11. Calycine segments su-
bulate. Corolla of a greyish purple colour ; segments elliptic,
acute, dotted with black, having the edges of pores bristly.
Margins of valves bearing a double row of seeds. Plant very
bitter. Cauline leaves opposite. Bracteas elliptic, oblong.
Perennial Felwort. PI. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot.
2. S. oBTu'sA (Led. act. petrop. 5. p. 526. fl. alt. 1. p. 290.
Rchb. pi. crit. 5. p. 11. t. 419. f. 605.) glabrous; stems erect,
and are, as well as the peduncles, tetragonal ; leaves scattered,
all oblong, 5-nerved, somewhat coriaceous, obtuse ; flowers ra-
cemose ; segments of corolla obtuse, dotless, and erose at the
apex ; cilia of nectary very long and loose ; filaments pilose
at the base. Native of Siberia, in sub-alpine humid places.
S. perennis Pall. itin. 2. p. 568. S. perennis, ft alternif61ia,
Schlecht. in Linnaa. 2. p. 189-190. Stem bluish-green, tetra-
gonal. Lower canline leaves petiolate, oblong. Bracteas, and
pedicels bluish. Corolla violaceous.
176
GENTIANEiE. I. Swertia. II. Halenia.
Var. ft, albiflora (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 291.) flowers white.
Native of Siberia.
06/Kie-leaved Felwort. PI. 1 foot. i;. H.
3 S. decu'mbens (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 24.) glabrous, decum-
bent ; stems filiform, obscurely angular ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, sessile, somewhat connate at the base ; pedicels twme at
the tops of the branches ; each furnished with a linear bractea
at the base. 2/ . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1330. Parnassia polynecttlria, Forsk. descr. p. 207. icon,
t. 5. f. 6. Stigmas 2.
Decumbent Felwort. PI. decumbent.
4 S. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 848.) stem erect, fastigiately
branched ; leaves lineai-lanceolate, 3-nerved, sessile ; peduncles
tetragonal, 1 -flowered; axillary ones usually twin, and the ter-
minal ones aggregate ; corollas campanulately 5-parted, about
equal in length to the calyx. %. S. Native of Java, on the
top of Mount Gede, in humid places.
Java Swertia. Fl. year. PI.
5 S. cceru'lea (Royle, herb.) lower leaves spatulate, petio-
late : superior ones as well as calycine segments lanceolate,
bluntish ; corollas 5-parted : segments ovate, mucronate, fringed
on the edges with distant, linear scrobicles. ©. H. Native of
the Himalaiah. Flowers blue.
£/Me-flowered Felwort. PI.
§ 2. Tetramera (from rtrpa, tetra, four, and fiepiQ, vierh, a
part ; parts of the flowers). Calyx ^-parted. Corolla i-cleft.
Stamens 4.
6 S. DicHOTOMA (Lin. spec. 329.) glabrous ; stems branched,
dichototnous, difflise, articulated, thick ; radical leaves obovate,
nerved, petiolate : cauline ones elliptic, acute, 3-nerved, sessile ;
pedicels from the forks of the branches nutant, shorter than the
internodes. ©. H. Native of Siberia, on the banks of the
Catscha, above Krusnojarsk, &c. Lin. anioen. 2. p. 317. Pall,
fl. ross. 2. p. 100. t. 91.— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 1 13. t. 53. f. 2. Habit
of AnagAlUs. Lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. Seg-
ments of corolla ovate, obtuse, with the nectaries hardly ciliated.
Capsule obovate, compressed. Flowers green and sometimes
reddish. Stem decumbent, red.
ichoti.mous Felwurt. PI. decumbent.
7 S. multicau'lis (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 128.) stems
tufted; peduncles tetragonal, 1 -flowered; leaves lanceolate,
obtuse, attenuated at the base ; calycine segments oval, obtuse;
corollas 3 times longer than the calyx: with oval-oblong, obtuse
segments. I}.. H. Native of Nipaul, on the alps. Root long,
fusiform. Stems tetragonal, trithotomous, 3-flowered, or simple
1 -flowered. Flowers purplish, size of those of S. pcrennis.
Manij-slemmed Felwort. PI. tufted.
8 S. Palla'sh ; glabrous ; stem simple, filiform, erect ; leaves
lanceolate, nerved ; pedicels erect, axillary, soraevi'hat fastigiate.
O. H. Native of Kamtschatka, at the mouth of the river
Apalla. S. tetrapetala, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 99. t. 90. f. 2. Each
stem furnished with 4-5 pairs of leaves. Flowers small.
Calycine segments linear. Segments of corolla hardly coher-
ing at the base, deep blue ; having the nectariferous scrobicles
combined, notched on the edges, and of a fulvous colour, and
visible on the back. Ovariuni fusiform. Stamens rufescent.
Piiltns's Felwort. PI. A foot.
9 S. PusiLLA (Pursh, 1. c.) glabrous ; stem simple, 1 -flowered ;
leaves oblong; corolla twice as long as calyx. ©. H. Native
of New H:impshire, on the alpine regions of the VViiite Hills ;
and of Labrador. The whole plant is scarcely an inch high,
with 1-2 pairs of small leaves, and a considerable sized blue
flower. Segments of corolla oblong, acuminated ; of the calyx
obtuse.
Least Felwort. Fl- June. PI. 1 inch.
10 S. fastigia'ta (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 101.) glabrous;
stem branched ; leaves spatidate-obovate, nerved ; flowers
fastigiate, aggregate, axillary and tern;inal ; pedicels twin ;
corolla campanulately rotate, length of calyx. %. H. Native
of North America, on the Missouri flats, near the Rocky Moun-
tains, Lewis. Leaves large. Flowers sky blue.
/^fl«/('jO-ia/f-flowered Felwort. Fl. Jidy. PI. ^ foot.
11 S. PERFOLi ATA (Royle, mss.) glabrous; stem erect, terete ;
leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, 7-nerved, connalely sheath-
ing ; flowers racemosely panicled ; segments of corolla acu-
minated; nectariferous scrobicules combined. 1/. H. Native of
the Himalaiah. Habit and size of Genl'tana lutea. Root fusi-
form, horizontal, dirty yellow. Stems the thickness of a finger.
Lower leaves petiolate; petioles connately sheathing: upper
ones sessile, connate. Flowers very numerous, drooping, blue?
Pedicels filiform, furnished each with a lanceolate bractea at the
base. Nectariferous scrobicles roundish, fringed with long cilia.
PerfoliateAeaved Felwort. PI. 3 feet.
12 S. sPEciosA (Wall. cat. no. 4384.) glabrous; stem erect,
terete ? ; leaves petiolate, spatulate-oblong, obtuse, 5-nerved ;
flowers racemosely panicled ; segments of corolla obtuse ; nec-
tariferous scrobicles distinct, ciliated with threads. 1|. H.
Native of Nipaul, Kamaon, and Himalaiah. Swertia petio-
laris, Royle, mss. Petioles connate at the base. Leaves 2
inches long. Segments of calyx lanceolate, mucronate. Co-
rolla yellow, almost twice longer than the calyx.
S/mvy Felwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
13 S. cunea'ta (Wall. cat. no. 4380.) glabrous; stem erect,
filiform ; leaves spatulately oblong, petiolate, obtuse, 5-nerved ;
flowers racemosely panicled ; segments of corolla obtuse ; nec-
tariferous scrobicles linear-oblong, distinct, ciliated with long
hairs. 2/. H. Native of the Himalaiah, Royle; Kamaon, Wall.
Swertia glycanthera, Royle, mss. Root fibry, dirty yellow.
Leaves 2-4 inches long : superior ones linear-oblong, almost
sessile. Segments of the calyx linear, acute, 3-nerved. Seg-
ments of corolla obtuse, emarginate, 5-nerved. Corolla blue.
C)«iea/e-leaved Felwort. Pi. 5 to | foot.
14 S. alternifolia (Royle, mss.) leaves alternate, elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, 7-nerved, sheathing at the base; flowers
drooping, racemosely panicled ; segments of the calyx ovate,
acuminated : of the corolla elliptic, obtuse ; nectariferous scro-
bicles orbicular, fringed, contiguous. 1}.. H. Native of Ni-
patd, Royle.
Alternate-leaved Felwort. PI.
Cult. All tbe species delight in a light soil, inclining to peat ;
and a marshy situation. The perennial species are increased by
division at the root, or by seed.
II. HALE'NIA (meaning unknown to us). Borkh. in Roem.
archiv. 1. p. 24. Swertia species of authors.
Lin. sYST. Tclra-Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co-
rolla subcampanulate or funnel-shaped, 4-cleft, each segment
furnished with a spur, horn, or tubercle at the base. Filaments
filiform or subulate ; anthers incumbent, dehiscing at the sides
lengthwise. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved
at apex. Seeds roundish, small, smooth. — Usually glabrous herbs.
Leaves opposite, quite entire, nerved : radical ones crowded.
Flowers terminal and axillary, pedunculate, blue, or yellow,
1 H. SiBiRicA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 25.) stem erect,
obsoletely quadrangular, simple, or branched ; cauline leaves
lanceolate, 3-nerved ; pedicels axillary and terminal, filiform,
1 -flowered; flowers nutant; corolla subcampanulate, sometimes
5-cleft ; spurs divaricate, incurved, subulate, ©.or 1/. H.
Native of Siberia, about the Genissee, and in shady places at the
mouth of the river Tschulyschman. Swertia corniculata, Lin.
spec. 328. amoen. 2. p. 317. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 99. t. 90. f. I.
Tetragonanthus elatior. Stell. ire. p. 122. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 114.
t. 53. f. 3. Radical leaves broad, lanceolate. Corollas greenish.
GENTIANEiE. II. Halenia. HI. Agathotes.
177
Capsule silique-formed. This plant, from its grateful bitterness, is
received among the domestic remedies of the iniiabitants of Siberia.
Siberian Ha\en\a. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. i to 2 ft.
a H. Michauxia'na ; stem branched, quadrangular ; branches
short ; cauline leaves ovate, 3-nerved ; corollas campanulate ;
spurs defiexed. $ . H. Native of Canada, in swamps, and
round the lakes of the western parts of the United States.
Swertia corniculata, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 97. Pursh, 1.
p. 100. Swertia Michauxiana, Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 6. p.
130. Swertia Americana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 8G1. Flowers green-
ish vellow.
Michauxs Halenia. Fl. July. Clt. 182'I.. PI. i to 1 foot.
3 H.Pavoniana; tufted; stems slender, tetragonal, simple
or branched, nearly naked ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; leaves
petiolate, lanceolate-linear, nerveless : cauline ones conniving
at the base ; corolla subcanipanulate ; spurs acute, diverging,
longer than the corolla. ©. G. Nativeof Peru, on the Andes.
Swertia umbellata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 21. t. 242. f. b.
Peduncles 5-10 together, tetragonal, rather drooping. Umbels
solitary or twin. Calycine segments lanceolate, acutish, with
scabrous margins. Corolla yellow ; with ovate, acuminated
segments. Capsule conical. .Seeds lenticular.
Paion's Halenia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 H. BREVicoRNis; stem erect, branched, terete; leaves
linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, on short petioles ; flowers axillary
and terminal, solitary, pedicellate ; calycine segments linear ;
corolla funnel-shaped ; spurs very short. ©. G. Native of
Quito, in temperate places, near Chiila. Swertia brevicornis,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 174. Leaves IJ inch
long : superior ones sessile-linear. Corolla pale yellow : with
ovate, acute segments. Capsule oblong, compressed. Seeds
roundish.
Short-horned Halenia. Fl. May. PI. i to f foot.
5 H. parviflora; stem erect, quadrangularly terete, simple;
cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, sessile ; flowers pani-
culately spicate, twin ; calycine segments linear ; corolla ro-
tately campanulate, with a tubercle at the base of each segment
instead of spurs. ©. F. Native of Mexico, near the town of
Guanaxuato. Swertia parviflora, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 17.5. Corolla yellow ; with ovate, acute segments.
Capsule oblong, compressed.
Small -flowered Halenia. Fl. Sept. PI. j to | foot.
6 H. gua'cilis : stem erect, tetragonally terete ; leaves ob-
long, 3-nerved : superior ones sessile, ovate-oblong ; flowers
terminal and axillary, twin, pedicellate ; calycine segments obo-
vate-spatulate ; corolla subcampanulate; spurs pendulous, erect-
ish, conical. ©. F. Native along with the preceding. Swertia
gracilis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 176. Leaves
8-9 lines long. Corolla yellow ; ? with ovate, acute segments.
Slender Halenia. PI. | foot.
7 H. PLANTAGiNEA ; Stems erect, quadrangular, simple, or
fastigiately branched; radical leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, on
long petioles : cauline leaves linear, sessile ; flowers terminal
and axillary, solitary, pedicellate ; calycine segments linear-spa-
tulate ; corolla campanulate ; spurs pendulous. 11 . G. Na-
tive of Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo. Swertia plan-
taginea, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 175. Radical
leaves 3 inches long. Corolla yellow ; with ovate obtuse seg-
ments. Seeds roundish.
Plantain-like Halenia. Fl. Sept. PI. f foot.
8 H. asclepia'dea ; stems erectish, angularly terete, simple ;
leaves 3-nerved : radical ones lanceolate, petiolate : cauline ones
linear, sessile ; flowers subumbellate, pedicellate ; calycine seg-
ments lanceolate ; corolla campanulate ; spurs conical, ascend-
ing, spreading. "H. G. Native of New Granada, near Santa
Fe de Bogota, on the declivities of mountains. Swertia ascle-
VOL. IV.
piadea, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 175. Leaves
20 lines long. Corolla yellow ; with ovate-oblong, obtuse seg-
ments.
Asclcpias-like Halenia. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot.
9 H. HYPERicoioES ; stems procumbent, branched, leafy ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved : upper ones sessile ; flowers
panicled, twin, pedicellate ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate ;
corolla subcampanulate ; spurs pendulous, hooked at top. % . G.
Native of New Granada, near the mine called Zipaquira, at the
altitude of 1400 hexapods. Swertia hypericoides, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 17G. Leaves 8-10 lines long ;
having the petioles connate, and sheathing at the base. Corolla
yellow ? ; with ovate, acute segments. Capsule oblong, obtuse,
compressed. Seeds roundish.
St. Juhn's-wort-like Halenia. Fl. Sept. PI. proc.
10 H. ELiiPTicA (D. Don, mss.) stem terete, branched;
leaves elliptic-obtuse, 5-nerved : lower ones petiolate ; calycine
segments obtuse, short ; spurs filiform, longer than the corolla.
%. F. Native of the Himalaiah and Kamaon. Swertia cor-
niculata, Royle, herb. Swertia centrostemma. Wall. cat. no.
4385. Stem 1-H foot. Leaves an inch and a half long.
Flowers pale.
EllipticAeaved Halenia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
11 H. ELONGA^TA (D. Don, mss.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
acute, 3-nerved, attenuated at the base; calycine segments
spatulate; spurs short, straight, shorter than the corolla. ©. H.
Native of Mexico.
Elongated Halenia. PI. 1 foot.
12 H. PINIFOLIA (D. Don, mss.) tufted ; stems erect, simple ;
leaves linear, acute, channelled ; flowers unnbellate ; calycine
segments ovate-lanceolate, acute ; spurs straight, twice shorter
than the corolla. %. F. Native of Peru, on the Cordilleras
of the Andes. Swertia pinifolia, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Leaves very narrow ; with scabrous edges. Flowers golden
yellow.
Pine -leaved Halenia. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
Cult. Elegant plants, requiring almost the same treatment
and soil as Swertia. The species require to be grown in pots,
well drained with sherds, and filled with a mixture of peat and
sand, placed in pans of water, in order to keep the mould con-
stantly moist.
III. AGATHO*TES (from aya0or»)f, agathotes, goodness ; in
reference to the quality of the species). D. Don, mss. Swertia
species. Wall. — Gentiana species, Roxb.
Lin. syst. Telrandria, Monogynia. Corolla rotate, 4-
parted ; segments ovate, acuminated, furnished each with 2
oblong, parallel, fringed scrobicles at the base. Stamens 4 ;
filaments subulate, glabrous, compressed. Anthers oblong, in-
cumbent, with 2 parallel cells. Ovarium ovate. Style distinct ;
stigma 2-lobed : lobes roundish, thick, pruinose. Capsule 1-
celled, dehiscing by 2 valves at apex. Seeds minute, globose,
smooth. — Annual, erect, branched herbs. Stems terete, smooth.
Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved,
membranous, 3-6 inches long : superior ones stem-clasping.
F'lowers loosely panicled, drooping, greenish yellow, with a dark
purple base. All the species contain an agreeable bitter.
1 A. ala'ta (D. Don, mss.) stem tetragonal, winged ; leaves
ovate ; scrobicles of corolla orbicular, conferruminated, with
downy edges. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow.
Winged-slemmtA Agathotes. PI. 2 feet.
2 A. NERVOSA ; stem and branches tetragonally winged ;
leaves 3-nerved : lower ones ovate, obtuse, petiolate, becoming
more lanceolate and smaller as they ascend the stem ; scrobicles
combined, ciliated on the edges. ©. F. Native of Nipaul,
and Kamaon. Swertia nervosa, Wall. cat. no. 4383. Flowers
A A
178
GENTIANEiE. III. Agathotes. IV. Ophelia.
racemosely panided ; pedicels solitary, axillary, and terminal ;
calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated, longer than the co-
rolla. Corolline segments acuminated, broad at the base.
Nerve(l-\ca\ei Agathotes. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 A. Chieayita (D. Don, mss.) stem terete; leaves ovate-
lanceolate : scrobicles of corolla oblong, distinct : having the
edges fringed with hairs. ©. H. Native of Nipaul, Kamaon,
and Himalaiah. Gentiana Chirata, Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 3.
p. 33. t. 252. Gentiana cherayta, Fleming, asiat. res. 2. p. 16.
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 71. Swertia purpurea, Royle, herb. Swer-
tia chirala, Hamilt. mss. Flowers greenish yellow. Segments
of calyx about equal in length to the corolla. The whole of the
dried herb of this plant is in general use among the natives of
Hindostan, and the mountainous countries bordering upon it to
the north. It is called in the Sanscrit Chirata, Chiratatikta, and
Cheralaka, &c., and in the Bengalee Chireta and Clurayta.
Dr. Wallich thinks that it contains a larger proportion and
greater intensity of bitter principle than any other species of
Gentian, and that the introduction of it into our pharma-
copoeia would be attended with much public benefit. A weak
infusion of it, made with cold spring or rain water, should be
used in small quantities, repeated several times daily, for some
weeks, when it may advantageously be left off for a short time,
and then resumed again. A decoction or infusion, made with
hot water, Dr. Fleming says is objectionable, on account of the
head-ache it generally produces. The dried herb of the Chi-
rata is met with in every bazaar in Hindostan, being a medicine
in the highest repute with both the Hindu and European prac-
titioners. It contains all the stomachic, tonic, febrifugal and
antarthritic virtues which are ascribed to Aslerias lutea, but in a
greater degree. The efficacy of Chirata, when combined with
Caranga nut, the Guilandina Bonducella, in curing intermittents,
has already been mentioned under that name, in vol. II. It
is found equally powerful in exciting and strengthening the
action of the stomach, and obviating flatulency, acidity, and
redundancy of phlegm, in dyspepsia and gout. For restoring
the tone and activity of the moving fibre in general debility,
and in that kind of cachexy which is liable to terminate in
dropsy. In Chirayta will be found one of the most useful and
efficacious remedies which can be employed. Infusions of the
plant are the best way of administering it. Spirituous tinctures
are also prepared with the addition of cardamom seeds or orange
peel. The most useful purpose to which the tincture can be
applied, is that of being added to the infusion to render it more
agreeable.
Chirayta. PI. 2-4 feet.
Cxdt. For culture and propagation, see Ophelia, p. 179.
IV. OPHE'LIA (from oxjitXeia, opheleia, service ; plants ser-
viceable in medicine). D. Don, mss. — Swertia species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentdndria, Moiiogynia. Calyx deeply
■i-5-parted, spreading. Corolla rotate, deeply 4-5-parted ; nec-
tariferous glands or pores at the base of each segment 2, dis-
tinct or combined, naked. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments subidate,
glabrous; anthers cordate, obtuse, 2-celled, Ovarium fusiform.
Style very short ; stigma 2-lobed : lobes obtuse, revohite, prui-
nose. Capsule ovate, membranous, 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-
seeded, dehiscing at top. Seeds minute, angular, scrobiculate,
dark brown, scabrous — Annual branched herbs, natives of
Nipaul ; with quadrangular stems ; opposite sessile leaves ; and
panicled, white, or purple flowers.
* Segments of corolla furnished with 2 conferrmninaied glands
or pores at the base of each.
1 O. ANGUSTiFOLiA (D. Don, mss.) flowers 4-cleft ; leaves
12
petiolate, linear-lanceolate, acute ; calycine segments linear,
mucronate ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, hardly
shorter than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Nipaul, at Narain-
hetty, and of Kamaon and Sirmore. Swertia angustif61ia, S.
pulchella, and S. dichotoma. Ham. herb. S. angustifolia, D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 127. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 2. t. 204.
Branches trichotomous. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers pale
purple, dotted with paler purple. Root fusiform, fibry. The
glands or pores on the segments of the corolla are bearded
above, consequently it may be a species of Agathotes.
Narron'-leaved Ophelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 O. cilia'ta (D. Don, mss.) flowers 5-cleft ; leaves linear,
scabrous, with revolute margins, petiolate, ciliated ; calycine
segments lanceolate, mucronate ; segments of corolla ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, tuberculate at the base, hardly longer
than the calyx; stem nearly terete. ©. H. Native of the
Himalaiah, Royle. Swertia ciliata, Royle, herb. Stem sca-
brous at the joints.
C'i/;a(ed-leaved Ophelia. PI. 1 foot.
3 O. Wallichii ; flowers 5-cleft ; leaves lanceolate, acumin-
ated, 3-nerved, ciliated at the base ; segments of corolla ovate,
shorter than the calyx ; filaments dilated at the base. ©. H.
Native throughout Nipaul and Kamaon. Swertia paniculata.
Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 3. t. 205. Flowers whitish-purple.
Perhaps the same as Oph. ciliata.
JValtich's Ophelia. PI. I to 2 feet.
4 O. te'res (D. Don, mss.) flowers 5-cleft ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, 3-nerved, scabrous, petiolate, ciliated ; calycine
segments mucronate ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, longer than the calyx ; filaments monadelphous ; stem
terete. 0. H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Swertia
racemosa, Wall. cat. no. 4377. Flowers white, but dark purple
at the base.
Terete-stemmed Ophelia. Pi. 3 to 3 feet.
5 O. FLORIDA ; flowers 4-cleft? leaves sessile, lanceolate,
3-nerved, acuminated, becoming gradually narrower and smaller
as they approach the top ; calycine segments linear-setaceous,
longer than the corolla before its expansion, but are afterwards
about equal in length to it ; segments of corolla oblong, mucro-
nate ; flowers corymbose and racemose. ©. S. Native of the
Burmese empire, at Prome, and on mount Taoiig Dong. Swer-
tia florida, Wall. cat. no. 4382. The flowers of the plant from
Prome are paniculately corymbose ; and those of the plant from
Taong Dong, are paniculately racemose. Lower leaves petiolate.
Flowery Ophelia. PI. 2 feet.
6 O. Cuira'yta (D. Don, mss.) flowers 5-cleft; leaves sessile,
ovate, acute, 5-nerved ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated ; segments of corolla oblong, bluntish, shorter than
the calyx. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Swertia latifolia, Royle,
herb. Flowers very pale blue.
Chirayta Ophelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
7 O. roRRiGENs (D. Don, mss.) flowers 4-cleft ; leaves linear,
acute, glabrous : with revolute edges ; calycine segments lan-
ceolate, acuminated ; segments of corolla ovate, mucronulate,
longer than the calyx; stem tetragonal. ©. H. Native of
Nipaul. Swertia pulchella. Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 4375.
Swertia elegans, Wall. cat. no. 4376. is only a slight variety of
this species.
Stretching Ophelia. PI. 1 foot.
8 O. corda'ta ; flowers 5-cleft ? leaves ovate, cordate at
the base, 5-nerved; panicles axillary and terminal, racemose;
calycine segments ovate, acuitiinated, about equal in length to
the segments of the corolla, which are also nearly similar in
shape. ©. H. Native of Kamaon. Swertia cordata. Wall,
cat. no. 4378. Stem branched, tetragonal ; angles slightly
winged ; wings rather scabrous.
GENTIANE.E. IV. Ophelia.
Cordate-hayed Oplielia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * Segments of corolla furnished each with 2 oblong, distinct
glands.
9 O. LuViDA (D. Don, niss.) flowers 4-cleft ; superior leaves
cordate, acute, stem-clasping ; calycine segments linear-lanceo-
late, niucronulate ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, longer
than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Swertia liicida,
Royle, herb. Flowers purple.
Shining Ophelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The seeds of the species of Ojyhelia should be reared
on a hot-bed in spring, as other tender annuals ; and the plants
afterwards planted out in the open ground, about the end of
May, in a warm situation.
V. GENTIANE'LLA (a dim. of Gentiana). Borkh. in
Roem. arch. 1. p. 29. Gentiana species of authors. Hippion
species, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 11. Gentiana, sect.
Crossopetalas, Froel. gent. 109.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla
salver-shaped, 4-cleft, without any accessory segments ; fur-
nished with 4 nectariferous scrobicles at bottom, as in Swertia.
Stamens 4 ; anthers incumbent. Ovarium subpedieellate, ob-
soletely tetragonal. Style hardly any. Stigmas broadish, re-
volute. Capsule fusiform, 1 -celled, 2-valved, with obtuse an-
gles. Seeds small, scobiform.- — Perennial, herbaceous, glabrous
plants ; stems tetragonal. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, with
scabrous edges, sessile. Flowers terminal, pedicellate. Segments
of corolla serrated, deeply ciliated in the middle.
1 G. cilia'ta (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 29. Mayrhoff. fl.
mon. t. 189.) stem flexuous, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate and
linear ; segments of corolla serrated, deeply ciliated at the
base. '2^ . H. Native from the Baltic to the Mediterranean,
on hills. Gentiana ciliata, Lin. spec. S34. Lam. diet. 2. p.
644. exclusive of the synonymes of Oeder and Gunner. Jacq.
fl.austr. t. 1 13. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 92. f. 2. b. Hippion ciliatimi,
Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 11. Lower leaves spatulate.
Corolla deep or pale blue, having the nectariferous glands
yellow. Filaments ciliated with white hairs. Anthers purple.
Segments of corolla lanceolate, acuminate : alternate ones
larger.
Var. /3 ; stem dvvarfer, few-flowered ; leaves for the most
part lanceolate. % . H. Froel. gent. p. 109. — Barrel, icon. 121.
exclusive of 97. f. 1.
Var. y ; stem many-flowered, branched. 1^. H. Froel.
gent. p. 109.
Var. 6 ; stem humble, 1-flowered ; leaves all ovate-lanceo-
late. 1/ . H. Froel. 1. c.
Far. £ ; segments of corolla toothed, not ciliated. 1|. H.
Hippion dentosum, Schmidt, boh. 24. exclusive of the syno-
nymes.
Ciliated-Rowered Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1759.
PI. A foot.
2 G. fimbria'ta ; stem simple, 1-flowered, naked under the
flower ; leaves lanceolate ; segments of corolla serrated at top,
and ciliately fringed in the middle. 1/ . H. Native of Cauca-
sus, in valleys. Gentiana fimbriata, Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 175. Gentiana ciliata, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1.
p. 99. exclusive of the definition and synonymes. — Column,
ecphr. p. 222. 221. f. 1. Flowers blue. Segments of corolla
oblong. This plant is said to occur in Germany with larger
flowers, and with the stem leafy even to the calyx.
Fringed-Qowered Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 foot. ^ ^
V. Gentianella. VL Frasera.
179
3 G. macra'ntha (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, branched ;
branches tetragonal; lower leaves spatulate : upper ones linear;
peduncles tetragonal, 1-flowered ; corolla turbinately campa-
nulate ; segments fringed; calycine segments unequal. '2{..H.
Native of Mexico. Gentiana ciliata, Moc. et Sesse, mss. in
herb. Lamb. Radical leaves petiolate : cauline ones sessile.
Corollas large, showy, pale blue : segments oblong, mucro-
nulate, erosely serrated at top, and fringed at the base.
Filaments dilated, keeled. Anthers oblong. Ovarium fusiform,
stipitate. Stigmas large, cncullate, with plicate fringed edges.
Large-Jlomered Gentianella. PI. 1 foot.
4 G. CRiNiTA ; stem terete ; branches elongated, 1-flowered:
leaves lanceolate, acute ; segments of corolla obovate, deeply
ciliated. If. H. Native from New York to Carolina, in dry
pastures and woods. Gentiana crinita, Froel. gent. p. 112.
Pursh 1. p. 185. Curt. hot. mag. t. 2031. Sweet, fl. gard.
139. Gentiana fimbriata, Andr. hot. rep. 509. Gentiana
ciliata /J, Americana, Lin. syst. 1. p. 645. Flowers azure blue,
elegantly fringed on their edges. Accessory segments of corolla
or inner plicae simple, ex Pursh. Seeds cylindrical, hispid.
Long-haired Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1804. PI.
I foot.
5 G. barba'ta ; stem acutely tetragonal ; branches elongated ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated ; segments of corolla oblong, rounded
at the apex, serrulated, deeply ciliated in the middle. 2/. H.
Native of Siberia and Caucasus, in grassy, saltish alpine meadows.
Gentiana barb^ta, Froel. gent. p. 114. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1352.
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 282. Gentiana ciliata, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 101. t.
92. f. 2. a. Sims, bot. mag. t. 639. exclusive of the synonymes. —
Gmel. sib. 4. p. 105. no. 73. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers
smaller than those of G. ciliata. Corolla with a greenish tetra-
gonal tube ; and green nectariferous glands ; segments pale blue.
Var. ft, simplex (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 282.) stems quite simple.
Bearded-Rowered Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1764.
PI. i foot.
6 G. DETONSA ; stem tetragonal, erect ; leaves linear, acute ;
segments of corolla crenulated at top, bidentate on both margins,
acute or obtuse.? %. H. Native of Norland, Iceland, Nor-
way, &-C. Gentiana detonsa, Rottl. in act. hafn. 10. p. 435.
t. 1. f 3. Retz, obs. 1. no. 25. Froel. gent. p. 116. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1352. Gentiana cihata /3, Gmel. syst. p. 462.no.
43. Retz, scan. ed. 2. p. 64. no. 220. G. ciliata, Gunn. norv.
2. p. 88. t. 2. f. 3-5. Gentiana serrata ft, Wahl. lapp. p. 71.
Very like G. harhata, and probably only a variety of it. Co-
rolla blue.
Shaven-^oviexed Gentianella. PI. \ foot.
7 G. serra'ta (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 29.) stem tetra-
gonal ; branches 1-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; corolla
5-cleft ; segments oblong, obtuse, serrated, or ciliated on the
edges. % . H. Native of Norland and Iceland, in pastures near
the sea. Gentiana serrata, Gunn. norv. 2. p. 101. no. 819.
Frcel. gent. p. 117. Gentiana ciliita, Oed. fl. dan. t. 317. Gen-
tiana Bavarica, Zoega island, p. 235. Peduncles 2-leaved. Co-
rolla blue. Stigmas capitate.
Serrated-Aowered Gentianella. PI. | foot.
Cult. The species of Gentianella are extremely elegant when
in blossom, and are therefore well fitted for decorating peat
borders, in which soil they always succeed best. As most of
the species are difficult to preserve in the open ground during
winter, reserve plants of each should be kept in pots that they
may be easily sheltered by a frame in winter. The species are
best increased by seed, which should be sown as soon as ripe,
for if kept till spring they seldom vegetate.
VI. FRASE'RA (named after John Eraser, a collector of
North American plants). Walt. fl. car. p. 88. Michx. fl. bor.
180
GENTIANE^. VI. Frasera. VII. Gentiana.
amer. 1. p. 96. Pursh, fl. attier. sept. 1. p. 94. Spreng. gen.
1. p. 85.
LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted or 4-
cleft. Corolla 4-parte(l, spreading ; segments oval, each furnished
with an orbicular bearded gland in the middle. Stamens 4,
inclosed ; filaments filiform. Anthers ovate, oblong ; somewhat
bifid at the base, at length reflexed. Stigmas 2, thick, glandular,
capsule compressed, submarginated, 1 -celled. Seeds few, imbri-
cated, winged, fixed to the margins of the valves. — A tall herb,
having the stem and branches tetragonal. Leaves opposite and
subverticillate, oblong. Flowers verticillate, on short, 1 -flowered
pedicels. Corollas greenish yellow, sometimes mixed with purple.
1 F. Walte'ri (Michx. 1. c. t. 97.). ^ . F. Native in
swamps of Lower Carolina; and on the borders of lakes in
Pennsylvania and New York ; and at the sources of the Arkan-
sas. F. Caroliniensis, Walt. fl. car. p. 88. Flowers in aggre-
gate clusters. The whole of the pLint has a very stately appear-
ance ; its generic character approaches so near to Swerlia that
without seeing the fruit it might be considered a species of that
genus.
Walter's Frasera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. 3 to 6 ft.
Cult. This plant requires to be grown in a peat soil, in a
moist situation ; it will also require protection the winter after
being raised from seed, or that preceding its flowering.
VII, GENTIA'NA (so named from Gentius, king of Illyria,
who first experienced the virtues of some species or other).
Borkh. in Roem arch. 1. p. 28. R. Br. prod. p. 450. — Gen-
tiana species of authors — Hippion species of Schmidt.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-cleft, Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, rarely salver-shaped, with a naked throat ;
limb 5-cleft, without any accessory segments. Stamens 5 ;
anthers free, incumbent ; filaments flattened. Stigma 2-lobed,
usually sessile. Capsule 1 -celled. Seeds roundish or oblong. —
Glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate or sessile.
Flowers terminal. This genus is easily distinguished from
others broken off froin Gentiana by the throat of the corolla
being naked, in the anthers being free, in the limb of the co-
rolla being without any accessory segments, &c.
Sect. I. Perennial herbaceous •plants. Corollas more or
less campamdately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Anthers incumbent.
Stigma 2-lobed, sessile.
1 G. limoselloides (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 130. t. 220. f. 1.) procumbent; leaves spatulate, obtuse,
rather veiny ; flowers terminal, solitary, on long peduncles ;
corolla campanulalely funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat naked,
i;. F. Native of South America, on the burning mount An-
tisana, in humid flats. Stem branched, quadrangular. Leaves
on long petioles. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Ova-
rium linear. Lobes of stigma obtuse, spreading. Segments of
corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse.
LimoseUa-like Gentian. PI. | to J foot.
2 G. RuricoLA (H. B. et Kunth,^ 1. c. t. 220. f. 2.) tufted,
procumbent, branched ; leaves spatidate or linear-oblong, ob-
tuse, somewhat 1-nerved, dense; flowers terminal, solitary,
pedunculate ; corolla canipanulately funnel-shaped, 5-parted ;
throat bearded. 1/ . F. Native of mount Antisana, near the
crater, among rocks, which are covered by perpetual snow ;
and of Peru, near Pasco. Gent, campanuloides Willd. herb, ex
Roem. etSchultes, syst. 6. p. 184. Branches densely leafy. Leaves
sessile. Flowers about the size of those of Camp/inula patula,
sometimes larger, purple or blue, with obovate obtuse segments.
Calycine segments lanceolate, acutish. Ovarium linear.
Rock Gentian. PI. procumbent, tufted.
3 G. gra'cilis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 168. t. 221.) stems
ascending, almost simple, 1 -flowered ; leaves oblong-spatulate,
obtuse, nerveless : lower ones approximate ; corolla canipanu-
lately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless. 1/ . F. Native
on the tops of the Andes of Quito ; in Parama de Saraguru,
between Rio Bamba and Loxa. Stems quadrangular, rather
compressed at top. Leaves nearly sessile, smaller, and more
distant to the tops of the stems. Flowers size of those of Saxi-
fraga granulata ; with lanceolate, acute segments. Calycine
segments lanceolate, acute. Ovarium linear, compressed.
Slender Gentian. PI. ^ foot.
4 G. sAXiFRAGioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 168.) tufted,
procumbent; sterile branches short, densely leafy: floriferous
ones elongated, few-leaved, ascending, 1-2-flowered ; leaves
lanceolate-linear, obtuse, somewhat 1-nerved ; corolla campa-
nulalely funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless. Tf. . F. Na-
tive of South America, on the Pulla mountains, between Vina-
jaca and Loxa, at the altitude of 1560 hexapods ; and near
Pasco. Stem branched, creeping. Leaves sessile. Flowers
size of those of Halesia tetrdptera, orange-coloured or yellow
in the dried state. Segments of corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse.
Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Ovarium linear, compressed.
Lobes of stigma obtuse. Leaves sheathing in a very remark-
able manner at the base.
Saxifrage-like Gentian. PI. f foot.
5 G. CEspiTosA (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. may. sept.
1830.) plant creeping, tufted, ascending, branched; flowers
corymbose, terminal ; leaves crowded, decussate, roundish-ellip-
tic, rather fleshy, concave, 3-nerved ; calyx 5-cleft, acute, re-
flexed ; corollas erect, campanulate, 5-toothed, obtuse ; with a
naked throat. 1/. H. Native of North America, on the arctic
coasts ; and reared from seed collected during Capt. Franklin's
expedition. Stems rooting at bottom. Leaves like those of
Arendria peploides, but much darker green. Flowers sessile,
rarely solitary and axillary, usually 3-4 together, terminal.
Corolla greenish blue, yellowish green at the base, contracted
somewhat towards the mouth, 5-nerved ; three of the nerves
passing into each of the blunt teeth of the limb ; stamens reach-
ing the base of the teeth. Anthers sagittate, dehiscing along
the sides. Stigmas sessile, revolute. Ovarium attenuated at
both ends.
Tufted Gentian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. PI. 1 to 2 in.
6 G. GRAMiNEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 169.) procumbent;
branches ascending, subfastigiate, 1 or 3-flovvered ; leaves linear,
acute, nerveless, remote ; corolla campanulalely funnel-shaped,
5-cleft ; throat almost beardless. 1/ . F. Native of Peru, near
Micuipampa, in cold rocky places, at the altitude of 1820 hexa-
pods. Stems branched, compressedly quadrangular. Leaves
small at the base. Corolla white and violaceous, ex Bonpl. ;
with obovate-oblong obtuse segments. Lobes of stigma ob-
tuse, spreading. Ovarium linear, compressed. Capsule oblong-
linear.
Grassy Gentian. PI. \ fool.
7 G. cERAsTioinEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 222.) procum-
bent ; branches ascending, few-flowered ; leaves linear, obtuse,
obsolelely 3-nerved : lower ones approximate; corolla campa-
nulalely funnel-shaped, 5-parted ; throat bearded. 2/ . F.
Native of the Andes, in the province of Paslo, between Chilan-
guer and Guachucal, at the altitude of 1600 hexapods. Habit
of a species of Cerdstiuin. Branches slightly tetragonal.
Leaves sessile, subconnate. Calycine segments lanceolate-linear,
acute. Corolla white ? or violaceous ; with obovate-oblong,
obtuse segments. Ovarium linear.
Chickmeed-like GenUan. PI. j to ^ fool.
8 G. CERNUA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 170.) stem erect,
nearly simple, 1-3-flowered ; leaves oblong, or ovate-lanceolate,
GENTIANE^. VII. Gentiana.
181
acutisli, obsoletely 3-nerved : lower ones approximate ; flowers
drooping ; corolla campanulate ; throat a little bearded. 1/ . F.
Native of South America, on the declivities of mount Chimbo-
razo. 0. cistiflora Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 184.
Stems a little compressed. Leaves sessile, subconnate. Flowers
size of those of Pnemondnthe vulgaris, dark purple, painted with
yellow veins. Ovarium Imear. Capsule oblong-linear.
Z)r(-o/j/Hg^-flovvered Gentian. PI. j to J foot.
y G. dianthoIdes (H. B. et Kuntli, 1. c. t. 223.) stems erect,
simple, 4-6 -flowered; leaves linear, acute, 1 -nerved : lower
ones approximate ; flowers opposite ; corolla campanulately
funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless. %. F. Native of
the Andes of Peru, between the mine of Micuipanipa and the
city of Caxaniarca, at the altitude of 1800 hexapods. Stem
a little compressed, purplish. Leaves sessile, connate at the
base. Flowers about the size of those of Campanula jmiula,
drooping, ex Bonpl. ; rose-coloured. Calycine segments lan-
ceolate, acute ; segments of corolla roundish, obovate, obtuse.
Ovarium linear.
Fink-lilce Gentian. PI. 1 foot.
10 G. FOLiosA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 170.) stems simple,
leafy ; leaves lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; flowers terminal,
corymbose ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft; throat
beardless. IJ.F. Native of Peru, in frigid places. G. coarctata
Willd. rel. ex Roem.et Shultes, syst. 6. p. 184. Stems tetragonal.
Leaves sessile, sheathing at the base. Flowers white, size of those
of Pneumondnthe vulgaris. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate,
acute. Segments of corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovarium
linear, compressed. Lobes of stigma obtuse, spreading.
Leafy Gentian. PI. ^ to | foot.
11 G. coRVMBosA (H. B. et Kunth, I.e. p. 171. t. 224.)
stem erect, simple; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse, almost vein-
less ; corymbs terminal, a little branched; corolla campanulately
funnel-shaped, 5-parted ; throat beardless. 1{..F. Native near
Santa Fe de Bogota, on the mountains. Root perpendicular,
branched. Stems slightly tetragonal. Leaves subconnate at
the base. Flowers size of those of Campanula pdlula, viola-
ceous. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; segments of
corolla oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base. Ovarium ovate-
conical, compressed, stipitate.
Cor(/)H6ose-flowered Gentian. PI. \ foot.
12 G. Li.MFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, I. c. p. 171.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, 3-nerved, remote ;
flowers terminal, corymbose, or umbellate ; corollas rotately
funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; filaments bearded at the base. 1/. F.
Native of Peru, on the mountains near Ayavaca, at the alti-
tude of 1400 hexapods. Root perpendicular. Stems slightly
tetragonal. Flowers size of those oi Eunjthdlia carnpestris, of a
violet colour. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Segments
of corolla oblong, obtuse. Ovarium linear, compressed. Cap-
sule linear-oblong.
Flax-flowered Gentian. PI. ^ to f foot.
13 G. DiFFu'sA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 172.) stems diffuse,
nearly simple ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved, remote ;
flowers somewhat racemose ; corolla rotately funnel-shaped,
5-cIeft ; throat bearded. If . F. Native of Quito, in the fis-
sures of rocks, near the town of Antisana. Stems numerous,
erect, or procumbent. Leaves sessile, membranous. Flowers
blue, size of those of Eurythdlia cainpeslris. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, acute. Segments of corolla ovate-oblong,
acute. Lobes of stigma obtuse. Ovarium linear, compressed,
sessile, as in most of the species.
Diffuse Gentian. PI. i to 1 foot.
14 G. HYssopiFOLiA (H. B. et Kuuth, 1. c.) stem erect,
branched at top ; leaves linear, acute, 3-nerved, remote; flowers
panicled ; corolla rotately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beard-
less. ■J/. F. Native of the Andes of Quito, in cold places
between Nabon and the valley of Saraguru, at the altitude of
1200 hexapods. Stem terete. Branches paniculately disposed.
Leaves subconnate at the base. Corolla violaceous ; with ob-
long obtuse segments. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute.
Lobes of stigma roundish, spreading. Ovarium linear, sessile.
Capsule linear-oblong, compressed.
Hyssop-leaved Gentian. PI. 1|^ foot.
15 G. ? Magella'nica (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p.
449.) stems erect, branched ; branches tetragonal ; angles mem-
branous ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, acutish, 3-nerved ; flowers
terminal, solitary, or by threes ; calyx 4-cleft, equal in length to
the corolla: with lanceolate segments. 1^. F. Native of the
Falkland Islands.
Magellan Gentian. PI. tufted.
16 G. RiMA (D. Don, mss.) stems numerous, ascending, leafy;
leaves lanceolate, obtuse, 5-nerved ; radical ones crowded, petio-
late ; calycine segments ligulate, oblong, obtuse ; corolla sub-
rotate, twice longer than the calyx : segments obtuse, i; . F.
Native of Peru, where it is called Rima-Rima. Root brown,
fusiform. Pedicels terete. Corolla yellow. Stigma sessile.
Rima Gentian. PI. i foot.
1 7 G. PEDUNCULA Ris (D. Don, mss.) stems erect, filiform,
few-leaved ; radical leaves lanceolate-acute, petiolate, 3-nerved ;
flowers umbellate ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; corolla
rotate, twice longer than the calyx: segments obtuse. %.V.
Native of Peru. Gentiana lutea, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Root fusiform, brown. Pedicels bractless. Corolla yellow.
Stigma sessile.
Peduncular Gentian. PI. ^ foot.
18 G. MONTANA (Forsk. prod. fl. austr. no. 133.) cauline
leaves remote, sessile, elliptic or ovate, about 2 pairs : lower
ones approximate, attenuated at the base ; flowers peduncu-
late, subcorymbose, or solitary ; corolla 5-cleft, campanulately
funnel-shaped. % . F. Native of Van Diemen's Land, and
New Zealand. The New Zealand plant hardly differs from that
of Van Diemen's Land, unless in the cauline leaves being broader
and ovate. The stems are probably tetragonal.
Mountain Gentian. PI. }, to 1 foot.
19 G. sAxosA (Forst. in act. holm. 1777. p. 184. t. 5. prod,
fl. austr. no. 132. Lin. suppl. 1. p 175.) stems terete, simple;
leaves fleshy, spatulate, coriaceous, nerveless ; radical ones
crowded ; flowers terminal, subumbellate, pedicellate ; pedun-
cles angular, 1 -flowered, axillary, and terminal ; calycine seg-
ments linear-spatulate ; corolla campanulate, 5-cleft ; with a
naked throat: and oval, obtuse, concave segments. %. F.
Native of New Zealand, on rocks by the sea shore. Froel.
gent. p. 23. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1237. Root fibrous. Calyx
angular. Corolla white. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed ; lobes orbi-
cular, reflexed. Capsule oblong, subcylindrical.
Rocky Gentian. PI. j 'o + foot.
20 G. macrophy'lla (Pall. fl. ros. 2. p. 108. t. 96.) stems
nearly terete, almost naked in the middle ; radical leaves, lanceo-
late, 5-nerved, length of stems ; flowers terminal, verticillately
aggregate, involucrated by usually 4 floral leaves ; calyx 4-5-
toothed ; corolla tubularly campanulate, 4-5-clcft ; with short,
acutish segments ; lobes of stigma flat, at length revolute. %. . H.
Native of Siberia, in elevated meadows frequent. Frocl. gent,
p. 31. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1335. Sims, bot. mag. 1414. Hip-
pion macropliyllum, Schmidt.— -Gmel. sib. 4. p. 104. t. 52.
Calyx usually cleft on one side. This plant has much the habit
of Ericdla cniciala, from which it differs in the flowers being
small, pale blue, and without any accessory segments to the
corolla.
Long- leaved Gi.m\m. Fl. Jidy, Aug. CIt. 1796. PI. J
to 1 foot.
182
GENTIANE^. VII. Gentiana.
Sect. II. Annual plants. Corolla campanulate ; throat naked.
Style short ; stigma 2-lobcd.
21 G. au'rea (Lin. spec. 331.) stem erect, branched ; branches
tetragonal ; lower leaves spatulate-oblong : upper ones ovate,
acutish, all obsoletely 5 -nerved ; flowers axillary and terminal,
on long angular pedicels ; corollas campanulately funnel-
shaped, 5-cleft : segments acuminated: throat naked. O- H.
Native of the alps of Lapland, Norway, on islands near the sea.
Froel. gent. p. 54. no. 20. Lin. fl. lapp. ed. 2. p. 65. Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 461. no. 23. Gentiana involucr^ta, Rottb. in act.
hafn. 10. p. 434. t. 1. f. 2. A. B. Wahl. lapp. p. 67. Gen-
tiana quinqueiolia, Oed. fl. dan. t. 344. Hippion aiireum,
Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 10. — Barrel, icon. 3. t
104. f. 1. Radical leaves dense. Calycine segments ovate,
mucronate, Wahl.; subulate, Lin. Flowers collected into heads
of few flowers, involucrated. Corolla white, ex Wahl. ; yellow
in the dried state, ex Lin. ; purple ex Old. ; tube length of calyx.
Capsule lonijer than the calyx.
GoWen-flowered Gentian. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. J to ift.
22 G. QUINQUEFLORA (Lin. spec. 3S3. exclusive of the syno-
nymes. Lam. diet. 2. p. 643.) stem tetragonal, branched;
leaves stem-clasping, oval, acute, 3-nerved ; flowers terminal
and lateral, 3-5 together, on short pedicels ; corolla tubularly cam-
panulate, 5-cleft : throat naked: segments lanceolate, acuminated,
with simple plicae ; calycine segments very short, narrow. $ .
H. Native from New York to Kentucky, on hills in shady
dry places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1339. Froel. gent. p. 51. Gen-
tiana amarelloules, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 175. Piirsh, fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 186. Gentiana amarelloides Kentuckensis,
Pers. syn. 1. p. 286. Gentiana quinquefolia, Lin. spec. 1. p.
333. exclusive of the synonymes. Hippion quinquefblium,
Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 11. Flowers small, pale blue,
not yellow, as represented by Michaux. Angles of stem mem-
branous.
Five-Jlowered Genuan. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. | to 1 ft.
23 G. Aleu'tica (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea. 1. p. 175.)
stem tetragonal, obsoletely winged, simple or branched at the
base; leaves obscurely 3-nerved: radical ones few, lanceolate-
spatulate : cauline and floral ones ovate, stem-clasping ; flowers
on short pedicels, and as if they were involucrated by the floral
leaves; corolla salver-shaped, 4-cleft ; with a naked throat and
lanceolate segments, which are denticulated at the edges : calyx
divided, even to the middle, nearly equal : with ovate-lanceolate,
acute segments. ©. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka,
in grassy places. Gentiana Unalaschensis, Ledeb. mss. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 856. Plant quite glabrous. Flowers rather small, pale
violet. Calycine segments cartilaginously serrulated.
Aleutian Gentian. PI. 5 to ^^ foot.
24 G. Rurikia'na (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. 1. p. 176.)
stem tetragonal, obsoletely winged, branched from the base ;
radical and lower cauline leaves lanceolate, acutish, obscurely
3-nerved, sometimes spatulate ; flowers on long peduncles ;
corolla salver-shaped, 4-cleft, with a naked throat, more than
twice longer than the calyx : having lanceolate, setaceously
acuminated segments ; calyx divided even to the base ; seg-
ments unequal: 2 of which are very large. G • H. Native of
Behring's Straits, on the shore. Gent, gracilis, Cham, in litt.
Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate. Branches or peduncles manj-
flowered. Very like Gent, aurea.
Ruriki's Gentian. PI. 5 to -| foot.
25 G. umbella^ta (Bieb. suppl. p. 188.) stem tetragonal,
branched; leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, 3-5-nerved; radical
ones spatulate ; peduncles terminal, mnbellate, involucrated by
the 4 superior leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, unequal ; corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft : with
ovate-lanceolate, mucronate segments. ©. H. Native of Cau-
casus and Siberia, in humid places, near rivers. Gentiana aurea,
Steven, in inem. see. mosc. 3. p. 257. Flowers small, pale
blue.
[/nifieZfoie-flowered Gentian. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft.
26 G. propInqua (Richards in Frankl. Journ. ed. 2d. Appen.
p. 9,) radical leaveslinear, obovate,cavdine ones lanceolate, corollas
5-cleft, tubularly campanulate : segments subserrated at top:
throat naked. ©. H. Native of North America. Habit of
Eurythalia pratensis.
^Wierf Gentian. PI. J foot.
§ 3. Corollas tubular, i-S-cleft, with a naked throat. Stigma
sessile. Annual plants, natives of Nipaul.
27 G. canalicula'ta (Royle, mss.) stem erect, branched,
bicanaliculate ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, somewhat
5-nerved ; calyx 4-5-parted : with obovate, acuminated, mem-
branous segments ; corolla tubular, 4-5 -cleft ; throat naked :
lobes ovate, acutish. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Root sub-
fusiform, fibrous. Leaves distinct, not connate at the base.
Flowers racemosely panicled, blue ; pedicels bisulcate. Calyx
ample. Stamens 4-5, inserted in the sinuses of the corolla ;
filaments very short, subulate. Anthers oblong. Capsule ob-
long, compressed, bipartite at ape.x. Seeds spadiceous, convex
on one side and engraven on the other.
Channelled-stemmed Gentian. PI. | to 1 foot.
28 G. peduncula'ta (Royle, mss.) stem erect, bicanaliculate,
branched from the base ; leaves sessile, elliptic-oblong, obtuse,
membranous; peduncles elongated, filiform, 1-flowered; caly-
cine segiTients lanceolate, acute, unequal ; corolla tubular :
throat naked : lobes oval, obtuse. ©. H. Native of Nipaul.
Root fibrous. Leaves distinct at the base, not connate. Calyx
5-parted ; segments foliaceous, unequal. Throat of corolla
ciliately bearded inside. Stamens inserted in the tube. Fila-
ments channelled. Anthers and ovarium oblong. Stigmas
short, obtuse, minutely papillose. Capsule subcylindrical, bifid
at apex. Seeds small, roundish, with excavated dots.
Peduncled-Rowerc-d Gentian. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
29 G. Moorcroftia'na (Wall. cat. no. 4390.) annual, much
branched ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse ; flowers large, panicled ;
calyx campanulate: with a short tube and- long, linear segments ;
corolla large, funnel-shaped, with elliptic, obtuse segments,
and a naked throat. ©. H. Native from Sirinagur to Luddak.
Pedicels long, 1-flowered. Flowers large, showy.
Moorcroft's Gentian. PI. 1 foot.
§ 4. Anomala. An anomalous species.
30 G. piNiFOLiA (Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.) stem solitary,
simple, erect, densely leafy ; leaves very narrow-linear, mucro-
nulate, much crowded ; raceme terminal, erect, thyrsoid ; co-
rolla tubular, longer than the calyx, with a glabrous throat, and
ovate, acute segments. 1/ . F. Native of Peru, on the Cordil-
leras of the Andes. Root thick, fusiform. Leaves an inch
long. Racemes 2-3 inches long, many-flowered. Flowers
fascicled, verticillate. Bracteas lanceolate, membranous. Calyx
campanulate ; with lanceolate, acute segments. Ovarium fusi-
form, stipitate. Style rather long ; lobes of stigma roundish ;
mucronate revolute. Seeds globose, smooth. Habit of a species
of Eudoxia.
Pine-leaved Gentian. PI. ^ foot.
-|- Species hardly known, many of which are probably syno-
nymous with those described above.
GENTIANEiE. VII. Gentiana. VIII. Centauuella.
183
310. conge'sta (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 1 84.) leaves lineai-spatulate ; flowers umbellate, crowded.
1/. F. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Crotvded-ftowered Gentian. PI. ?
32 G LiNiFoLiA (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-parted
solitary, terminal ; leaves narrow-linear, acute ; stems branched
at the base, ascending. 1/ . F. Native of South America.
Humb. et Bonpl.
Flax-leaved Gentian. PI. ?
33 G. conna'ta (Willd. I.e.) corollas campanulate, 5-cleft;
calycine teeth ovate-filiform ; leaves oblong, connate ; stem a
little branched, erect. }/ . F. Native of South America, Humb.
et Bonpl.
Connate-leaved Gentian. PI. ?
34 G. cHELONOiDES (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-
cleft ; leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading ; stem simple, erect.
It . F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl.
Chelone-like Gentian. PI. ?
35 G. STRi'cTA (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-cleft ;
leaves oblong ; peduncles opposite, 1 -flowered; stems simple,
erect. 1^ . F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl.
Straight Gentian. PI. ?
36 G. RAPUNCULOiDEs (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-
cleft ; leaves olilong-lanceolate ; flowers opposite : stem simple,
ascending. %. F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl.
Peduncles an inch long, umbellate.
Rampion-lilce Gentian. PI. \ foot.
37 6. floribu'nda (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-
cleft ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish ; peduncles 1-flowered:
lower ones opposite : superior ones subverticillate ; stem simple.
1/ . F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl.
Bundle-flowered Gentian. PI. ?
38 G. PEDUNCULARis (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-
cleft ; radical leaves spatulate : cauline ones lanceolate ; pe-
duncles elongated, 1-flowered, solitary, terminal ; stem ascend-
ing at the base. %. H. Native of South America, Humb. et
Bonpl.
Peduncular-^oviexeA Gentian. PI. ?
39 G. Chimborace'nsis (Willd. 1. c.) corollas funnel-shaped,
10-cleft; leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading; flowers terminal,
solitary, sessile; stem erect, branched a little. %.V. Native
of South America, on mount Chimborazo, Humb. et Bonpl.
A species of Ericala.
Chimborazo Gentian. PI. dwarf.
•j- -f" The following jtlants have been described as species of
Gentiana by various authors ; but noiie of them are legitimate
species of that genus,
40 G. ? du'bia (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 48. fl. cap. 2. p. 174.)
fructiferous stem terete, leafless, or the leaves fall off early, they
are therefore unknown ; panicles terminal, trichotomous, supra-
decompound ; corolla 4-cleft. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stem simple, erect. Calyx 4-parted ; with small, acute
segments. Corolla 4-parted, purple ; segments acute. Cap-
sule oblong, ending in 4 points. Styles 2, divisible.
Doubtful Gentian. PI. \ foot.
41 G. ? NiGKicANS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 645.) a small plant, with
very narrow linear leaves, and slender branched stems ; flowers
terminal, cymose ; corolla funnel-sliapcd, 4-cleft ; limb rather
downy. — Native country unknown. — Ray. hist. 3. append. 253.
no. 51. Plant becoming black on drying. Stem dichotomously
branched at top. Leaves capillary : lower ones nearly an inch
long. Flowers small, purplish or blue, numerous. Perhaps a
species of Houslunia.
Blackish Gentian. PI. i foot.
42 G. ? CALYCiNA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 639.) stem articulated, di-
chotomously panicled, and rather angular at top ; leaves ovate-
oblong : lower ones obtuse : the rest acute ; flowers solitary,
terminal, on long peduncles; corolla deeply 5-6-cleft, hardly
exceeding the calyx, which is large and 5-6-parted. — Native of
Louisiana, ex herb. Juss. Flowers yellowish. Calycine seg-
ments linear, acute, rather unequal. Corolla rotate, with oblong
obtuse segments. Stamens free. Stigmas oblong, large ; style
short. Capsule size of a pea, 2-valved, 1-celled.
Large-calyxed Gentian. PI.
43 G. ? Mitznofa'na (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 186.)
stem erect, terete, simple ; leaves sessile, cordate-ovate, acute,
7-nerved: floral ones the narrowest; flowers terminal, twin,
erect ; calycine segments acute, length of the tube of the corolla.
— Native of Japan, in boggy places. Planta Japanensis, Mitz-
nofana, i. e. flos aquaticus, Cleyer, in misc. nat. cur. dec. 2.
ann. 8. p. 48!). f. 51. 2 icones. Froel. gent. p. 119. Habit
altogether different from Gentiana. Root fibry. Corolla with
a grey tube, blue limb, and obtuse segments.
Milznofana Gentian. PI. \ foot.
44 G. ? sciLLoiDEs (Lin. suppl. 1. p. 175.) stem 1-flowered,
prostrate ; leaves obovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-cleft ; bracteas twin. — Native of the Azores, Masson,
Hippion scilloides, Schmidt. Leaves on short petioles : the
upper ones more remote. Peduncles long, naked, terminal, 1-
flowered. Bracteas opposite, subulate, erect, beneath the flowers.
Calycine segments linear. Tube of corolla funnel-shaped,
longer than the calyx ; limb 5-cleft, flat, beardless, yellow. This
plant does not probably belong to the genus, from the form of
the calyx and corolla ; but nothing is said of the style by
Linnajus. Perhaps a genus of Campanuldcecs.
Scilla-like Gentian. PI. 1 foot, prostrate.
t t t What are the following species ?
1 Gentil,na major Mariana, angustiori folio GentianellcC
vernae, floribus coeruleis plurimis in summitate congestis. Pluk.
mant. 89. Perhaps Gentiana cruciata.
2 Gentiana angustifolia Americana, flore ex ochro cyaneo
mixto in fastigio caulis unico. Plukn. mant. 89. Ray. suppl.
p. 370. no. 4.
3 Gentiana orientalis, amplissimo et acutissimo asclepiadis
folio. Tourn. cor. 2. Said by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 175. to
be the same as Gentiana septemfida.
4 Gentiana orientalis, foliis venosis, flore magno candidissimo,
Tourn. cor. 2. var. flore exalbo-virescente. Tourn. 1. c. Said
by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 174. to be the same as Gentiana
gelida.
5 Gentiana orientalis, minor autumnalis myrtifolia flore mag-
no coeruleo, Tourn. cor. 2. Said by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p.
175. to be Gentiana septemfida.
6 Gentiana rivularis and Gentiana pallens, Thunb. mus.
nat. acad. ups. 11. p. 180. are probably a species of Sebce'a.
Cult. The South American and New Zealand species of
Gentian should be grown in pots, well drained with sherds, in a
mixture of peat and sand, and placed among other alpine
plants. They will require protection in winter. The seeds of
annual kinds may be sown in pots, in the same kind of soil, or
even in the open border. Gentiana macrophylla, the only
hardy perennial, is well fitted for a border flower, but grows
best in a peat soil. Ail the perennial species are either to be
increased by dividing at the root, or by seed.
VIII. CENTAURE'LLA (a dim. of Centaurium, so called
from the affinity of the genera). Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p.
184
GENTIANEiE. VIII. Centaurella. IX. Asterias. X. Coilantha.
97. t. 12. Piirsh, fl. amer. sept. 1. ]>. 94. Nutt. gen. amer. 1.
p. 172. — Andrewsia, Sprang, gen. 1. p. 85. — Bartonia species,
Muhl.
Lin. syst. Pent^ndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted, adpressed.
Corolla urceolately campaniilate, 4 -cleft ; segments ovate
or oblong, erect or spreading. Stamens 4, inclosed ; inserted
beneath the recesses of the limb of the corolla. Anthers erect,
subcordate, bluntish; filaments, subulate, flattened. Stigma thick,
glandular, bluntly bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, involu-
crated by the permanent calyx and corolla. Seeds minute, glo-
bular, attached to the edges of the valves. — Annual, glabrous,
simple, or branched small plants. Leaves opposite, decussate.
1 C. verna'lis (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 98. t. 12. f. 2.)
stem simple ; peduncles scattered, corymbosely elongated ;
segments of corolla oblong, acute, twice longer than the calyx ;
style longer than the ovarium. ©. H. Native from Virginia
to Georgia, in mossy swamps. Andrewsia verna, Spreng. syst.
J. p. 428. Flowers white, larger than the other species.
Far. /3, imiflbra (Pursh, 1. c. p. 100.) small ; stem 1 -flowered.
This may prove to be a distinct species.
Spring Centaurella. Fl. May, July. PL | foot.
2 C. .estiva'lis (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 100.) stem
simple ; peduncles opposite, simple ; segments of corolla spa-
tulate, abruptly acute, 3 times longer than the calyx ; style
length of ovarium. ©. H. Native from Carolina to Georgia,
in mossy swamps. Flowers smaller than the preceding ; the
calyx short.
Summer Centaurella. Fl. June, Aug. PI. | to ^^ foot.
3 C. autumna'lis (Pursh, 1. c.) stem a little branched ; pe-
duncles opposite ; lower ones branched ; segments of corolla
oval, acute, hardly longer than the calyx ; style very short.
©. H. Native from New England to Carolina, in mossy
swamps, in inundated, grassy places. C. paniculata, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 98. t. 12. i. 1. Bartonia tenella, Muhl. in litt.
Sagina Virginica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 719. Andrewsia autumna-
lis, Spreng. syst. l.p. 428. Floivers small, greenish white.
Aulunmal Centaurella. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 1 to 1 foot.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Eurytlialia, p. 188.
IX. ASTE'RTAS (from aarrip, asler, a star; shape of flowers.)
Borkh. in Roem. arch. l.p. 14. Genti^na liitea, Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx spathaeeous, sca-
rious, diaphanous, 3-4-cleft ; segments short, lanceolate, un-
equal. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-cleft limb, furnished
with a green gland at the base of each segment ; segments oblong,
acute, veiny, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 5-6 ; anthers
subulate, combined at first, but at length distinct. Stigmas
oblong, flat, revolute. Capsule ovate ; 4 sided, acuminated.
Seeds roundish, compressed, with membranous edges, disposed in
.'5 series along the margins of the valves. — Showy plants, with
the habit of J'eratrum. Leaves broad, 5-nerved ; oauline ones
sessile: floral ones subcordate, siem-dasping, concave, all pale
green, but glaueoiis beneath. Flowers apparently verticillate,
pedicellate, seated on common thick peduncles. Bracteas 2-4,
to each whorl of flowers, 3-nerved and equal in length to
them.
I A. lu'tea (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 25.) corollas ro-
tate, 5-6-cleft; flowers verticillate, subcymose ; leaves broad,
ovate; calyx spathaeeous. 7/. H. Native of the alps of
middle Europe, from the Pyrenees to Savoy. Genti^na liitea,
Lin. spec. 3(i7. Vill. delph. 2. p. 521. Mill. icon. t. 139.
Plenck. oft" t. 156. Woodv. med. hot. 3. p. 433. t. 156. Church,
et Stev. med. hot. vol. 4, with a figure. Swertia lutea, Vest, in
Tratt. tab. t. 518. Radical leaves ovate-oblong; cauline ones
sessile, ovate, acute. Corolla yellow, veiny, and spotted. The roots
of Gentian are long, thick, externally of a brown colour, and
wrinkled ; internally spongy, and of a yellow colour, with-
out any remarkable smell, but surpassing in bitterness all
other European vegetables. Alcohol dissolves only the bitter
extractive, water both the extractive and mucilage. Its bitter-
ness depends upon a new principle discovered by Henri
and Caventou, called gentianin, and is easily obtained in a
crystalline form by means of ether, in which it is very soluble.
It likewise dissolves in alcohol, and more sparingly in water.
It appears to be neither alkaline nor acid. Gentian possesses
the general virtues of bitters in an eminent degree, and it is
totally devoid of astringency. On dead animal matter it acts
as an antiseptic. Taken into the stomach it proves a powerful
tonic, and in large doses it evacuates the intestines. It is useful
in weakness of the stomach, and in general debility. Externally
its powder is applied to putrid ulcers. Narcotic effects have
sometimes been ascribed to it, but these are owing to the roots
o? Aconite or BcUadi.nna gathered along with it.
Var. ft, major; flowers smaller, paler; corolla 5-9-parted
almost to the base, spotless. 1/. H. Native of subalpine
places.
Var. 7, unijlora (D. C. fl. fr. no. 2761.) Stem 1 flower.
FeZ/oro Asterias or Gentian-root. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
2 A. hy'brida ; leaves ovate-lanceolate; corollas 5-8-cleft,
rotate ; whorls of flow ers sessile ; calyx membranous, unilateral,
tinequally 6-cleft. %. H. Native of the alps of Vallais.
Gentiana hybrida, D. C. syn. fl. gall. p. 244. no. 2762. fl. fr. 2.
p. 651. no. 2762. G. Thomasii, Vill. mem. pi. hybr. in Roem.
coll. p. 189. G. campanulata, Reyn. mem. 219. Flowers
reddish yellow. Supposed to be a hybrid between A. liitea and
Coilantha j)vrpurea.
Hybrid Asterias. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Ctdt. This genus is composed of robust plants, with the
habit of Veriitrum, proper for flower borders. A deep light
rich soil suits them best, as it allows the roots to ascend. They
are increased either by seed, or by dividing the root.
X. COILA'NTHA (from mCKoc, koilos, concave, and avBog,
an</(Oi, a flower ; in reference to the shape of corollas.) Renealm.
spec. 65. Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 24. — Gentiana species,
Lin. and others. Dasystephana, Borkh.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx spathaeeous, truncate,
scarious, diaphanous, cleft inside, with 6-7 unequal lobes or teeth
at apex. Corolla large, coriaceous, campanulate, 5-7-cleft ;
segments broad at the base, obtuse, remote. Stamens 5-7 ; an-
thers oblong, combined. Ovarium oblong, pedicellate. Stigma
bifid, downy, divaricate. Capsule fusiforin, with 5-7 tubercles
at the base, 1-celled. Seeds many, orbicular, with winged edges.
— Showy plants, with obsoletely tetragonal stems ; opposite,
ovate, 5-nerved, apiculated leaves, which are sheathing at the base.
Flowers large, on short pedicels : terminal ones disposed in a
whorl, and the axillary ones solitary. Bracteas opposite, shorter
than the flowers.
1 C. ruRPU^REA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 25.) radical
leaves ovate, 5-nerved: cauline ones ovate-lanceolate: upperones
broad-lanceolate, combined and sheathing at the base ; corolla
5-6-cleft ; stamens 5-6 ; calyx membranous, spathaeeous. 1/ . H.
Native of the alps of Norway, Sw itzcrland, Savoy, Pyrenees, &c.
Gentiana purpiirea, Lin. spec. p. 637. Willd. spec. 1331. ex-
clusive of the synonyme of Villars. Woodv. med. hot. 4. p. 132.
t. 262. Oed. fl. dan. t. 50. Plenck. off. t. 159. Andr. bot. rep.
t. 117. Frcel. gent. p. 18.no. 2. Pneumonanthepurpiuea, Schmidt,
no. 1. Gentiana punicea, Gesner. Schmidel. op. gesn. 2. p. 52.
no. 92. a. t. 28. f. 92. A. a. Root yellow outside and white inside,
scaly at top, very bitter. Stem purplish green. Bracteas ovate
GENTIANE^E. X. Coilantha.
185
lanceolate. Flowers from 3-8 together, terminal ; and the axil-
lary ones usually solitary. Calyx spathaccous, with 2-3 unequal
teeth at the apex. Corolla coriaceous, purplish, marked with
dots in lines inside; tube striated, with greenisli yellow; limb
6-cleft ; segments sub-ovate, obtuse. Capsule fusiform.
Far. 0 ; corollas rose-coloured.
rar. y ; corollas without dots.
far. S ; corollas white.
Purple Coilantha. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 17C8. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 C. Pannonica ; radical leaves ovate, apiculated ; having
the petioles sheathing at the base : cauline ones ovate, lanceo-
late : floral ones acuminated: all 5-nerved ; calyx 6-7-cleft;
corolla 6-7-cleft; stamens 6-7. 1/. H. Native of the
alps of middle Europe, and Savoy, but not of the Pyrenees.
Gentiana Pannonica, Scop. cam. 2. no. 29. Lin. spec. 1. p. 63.
exclusive of the synonymes. Lin. syst. ed. Mur. p. 265.
Jacq. fl. austr. 2. t. 136. Tratt. fl. aust. fasc. 1. t. 9. Schrank,
bav. 1. no. 424. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. Froel. gen. no.
21. Gentiana punctata, Jacq. obs. 2. p. 17. t. 3d. Pneumo-
nanthe Pannonica, Schmidt, boh. 2. no. 1 12. — Barrel, icon. t. 64.
Stems purplish. Flowers verticillate, axillary, and terminal.
Corolla rather membranous, purple, beset with dots ; with a
yellowish tube ; segments ovate, obtuse. Capsule fusiform.
Bracteas ovate, acuminated.
Var. ft ; stem humble; whorls solitary, few-flowered.
lar, y ; corolla white.
Var. l ; stems tall ; leaves long, acuminated.
Pannon\anCQi\anl\\a.. Fl. June, July. Clt.? PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 C. BiLOBA ; flowers verticillate ; corollas usually 6-cleft ;
calyx membranous, 2-lobed ; lobes obtuse, entire, equal, %. H.
Native of France, on mountains, in the province of Clarion.
Gentiana biloba, D. C. syn. fl. gall. p. 244. no. 266. fl. fr. 2.
p. 653. no. 2766. icon. fl. gall. t. 15. Gentiana punctata, Wahl.
carp. 1. p. 72. Nearly allied to C. punctata in the colour and
size of the eorolla, but differing in the floral leaves being twice
longer than the flowers. Perhaps only a variety of C. jmr-
purea.
Two-lobed-ca\y\ed Coilantha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 C. puncta'ta (Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 27.) leaves
ovate, acutish, 5-nerved : lower ones petiolate : superior ones
acuminated, all coadunate at the base ; flowers verticillate ; calyx
rather truncate, with 6-7 unequal lobes ; corolla campanulate,
usually 6-8 -cleft, dotted. 1^. H. Native of the alps of middle
Europe, as on the alps of Switzerland and Savoy. Gentiana
punctata, Lin. spec. 637. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1333. Tratt. fl.
austr. fasc. 3. t. 9. Jacq. austr. 5. t. 28. Gent, purpurea,
Vill. dauph, 2. p. 523. Hall. hist. 638. Pneumonanthe punc-
tata, Schmidt, Rcem. arch. 1. no. 4. — Gesn. in Schmidel, op. 2.
p. 53. no. 92. b. t. 28. f 92. b.— Mor. hist. t. 4. f 2. Barrel,
icon. 69. with a paler flower. Root brownish outside, white
inside. Stem subtetragonal, green or purplish. Leaves pale
green. Bracteas shorter than the flowers. Terminal flowers
5 in a head : axillary ones solitary. Calyx with blueish angles,
and lanceolate, obtuse, short segments. Corollas large, yellow,
or sulphur-coloured, blueish before expansion, dotted with nu-
merous irregular purple spots ; limb 6-7-cleft. Stamens 6-7.
Seeds imbricate, winged.
Z)o«e(/- flowered Coilantha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
5 C. campanula'ta ; leaves ovate, acutish, 5-nerved : lower
ones usually 7-nerved ; superior ones sessile, sheathing, acu-
minated ; flowers verticillate, terminal, and axillary ; calyx 6-7-
cleft, with blueish angles and unequal triangular segments ;
corolla campanulate, 7-cleft ; with obtuse, triangular, equal
lobes, without dots. 1^. H. Native of Carinthia, Switzerland,
VOL. IV.
&c., on the alps ; and of the Pyrenees. Gentii"lna campanul^ta,
Jacq. in IMurr. syst. p. 267. austr. app. p. 43. t. 29. 'i'ratt. fl.
austr. fasc. 4. p. 1. Gentiana camjianulata immaculata, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 284. Gent. Burseri, var. a. D. C. fl. gall. no. 2763.
a. Pneumonanthe campanulata, Schmidt, 1. c. Hoot fusiform,
divided a little. Leaves pale green. Bracteas about the length
of the flowers. Corolla large, sulphur-coloured. Stamens 7.
Stigmas flat, obtuse. Seeds orbicular.
Ca?Hpan«/a<e-flowered Coilantha. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819.
PI. 1 foot.
6 C. Sess.s;'i (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, simple, terete, pa-
pillose ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, bractless ; calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed ; corolla
campanulate, 10-cleft ; the alternate segments bicuspidate. T^.
F. Native of Mexico. Gentiana caerillea, Moc. et Sesse, in
herb. Lainb. Leaves scabrous, 3-5-nerved: lower ones ovate,
obtuse : superior ones acuminated, deep green above. Calyx
cleft on the inner side. Corolla blue ; lobes roundish, mucro-
nate. Filaments flattened ; anthers oblong. Styles distinct.
Stigmas revolute, papillose. Capsule pear-shaped. Seeds
winged.
Sesse's Coilantha. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
7 C. MociNNi (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, simple, terete;
leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved ; flowers axillary, on
short pedicels, usually solitary ; calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed,
bibracteate at the base ; corolla campanulate, 10-cleft ; the
alternate segments bicuspidate. 1/ . F. Native of Mexico.
Confused with G. ccerulca in Moc. et Sesse. in herb. Lamb.
Leaves smooth, 2 inches long. Calyx cleft on the inner side.
Bracteas linear-lanceolate, acute, much longer than the calyx,
connate at the base. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped.
Filaments dilated at the base. Ovarium somewhat fusiform ;
stigmas linear, obtuse, minutely papillose.
il/ocm?io'i Coilantha. PI. 1 foot.
8 C. Bukse'ri; corollas usually 5-cleft, campanulate, dotted ;
segments lanceolate, with a small accessory tooth between each ;
calyx membranous, spathaceous. 7/ . H. Native of the eastern
and central Pyrenees, often with vars. ft and y. Gentiana Bur-
seri, Lapey. fl. pyr. p. 130. abr. p. 132. D. C. fl. fr. suppl.
no. 2763. Said to be very nearly allied to C. punctata, but the
corolla is always pale yellow, never purple. It has the leaves
of C. lutea, and the flowers of C. punctata or C. purpurea, and
is probably a hybrid. Villars says, dauph. 2. p. 522. that the
flowers are campanulate, verticillate, 6-cleft, acute, serrulated,
dotted ; and the cal^x spathaceous.
Var. a; corollas dotted, bluntish. 1/. H. Native of the
Pyrenees. Gentiana Burseri ft, Lapeyr. 1. c.
Var. ft ; corollas dotted, acutish. '2^.H. Native of Dau-
phiny, Pyrenees, &c. Gentiana Burseri y, D. C. 1. c. Gent,
punctata, Vill. dauph. p. 520. Gent, hybrida, Vill. mem. pi.
hybr. RceiTi. coll. 1. p. 189. Gent, punctata, var. lutea,
Tratt. fl. austr. fasc. 3. t. 10. ?
Var. y, gigantea (Lapeyr. abr. p. 8. pyr. suppl. p. 41.).
■U. H. Native of the Pyrenees.
Burser's Coilantha. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet.
9 C. GLAu'cA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26.) stems terete ;
leaves ovate-roundish, hardly nerved : rather fleshy : cauline
ones 3-4 pairs, sessile; flowers 1-3, terminal, sessile ; calycine
segments unequal, blueish, subulate ; corolla campanulate, 5-
cleft, with short, obtuse segments, 3 times longer than the calyx.
1/ . H. Native of Kamtschatka, on the tops of the alps, in
humid places facing the north. Gentiana glaiica. Pall. fl. ross.
2. p. 104. t. 93. f. 2. Frrel. gent. p. 56. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1340. Pneumonanthe glauca, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p.
10. no. 14. Stems simple. Radical leaves rosulate. Calyx
campanulate. Corolla subventricose, blueish, but the tube pale.
Bb
186
GENTIANEiE. X. Coilantha. XI. Eurythalia.
Anthers white. Capsule fusiform. Perhaps a species of Pneu-
mondnthe.
Glaucous Coilantha. PI. 5 to | foot.
10 C. asclepia'dea ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved,
stem-clasping, with repand edges ; terminal flowers crowded,
axillary ones solitary, all nearly sessile ; corolla campanulate,
3-cleft ; segments ovate, acute ; calyx tubular, 5-toothed :
teeth unequal, distant; anthers connivent. H-H. Native
of Switzerland, Hungary, Syria, Austria, Carniola, Silesia,
Piedinont, Barbary, Mount Caucasus, &c., in shady alpine
places. Genti^na asclepiadea, Lin. spec. 329. Hall. helv.
no. C40. Jacq. austr. t. 328. Sims, hot. mag. 1078. Frcel.
gent. p. 48. Dasystephana Renealm specim. 67. t. 68. Da-
systephana asclepiadea, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1 . p. 26. Mayer-
hoff. fl. monac. t. 60. Genti^na Asclepiadis folio, Bauh. pin.
187. Ger. emac. 433. f. 3. Corollas large, blue, 3 times longer
than the calyx. Seeds winged with broad white edges.
Far. ft; leaves distinct, i;. H. Native of Carniola and
Bohemia, Froel. gent. p. 49. Scop. cam. 1. p. 298. Pneu-
nionanthe asclepiadea, Schmidt, boh. no. 113. no. 6. Schmidel,
op. gesn. 1. t. 9. f. 80. 2. p. 40. t. 26. f. 82. Flowers sessile,
solitary, secund. Leaves bifarious.
Var. y; leaves 3 in a whorl. 1|. H. Froel. gent. 49. Pont,
comp. p. 76.
Var. S; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminated, 3 inches long,
a little smaller. 1/ . H. Frcel. 1. c. p. 49. Calyx subspatha-
ceous, ex Froel.
Var. £ ; stem elongated, nutant ; peduncles elongated, a
little branched. 11,. H. Froel. 1. c. Clus. hist. 1, p. 312.
middle figure.
Var. 7) ; corolla white. 1/ . H. Frcel. 1. c. Wahl. helv.
1. c. Ponted. comp. p. 76.
Var. B; stem 1 -flowered. 'l^.H. Pneumonanthe plicata,
Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 613. t. 1. f. 1. Calyx
ventricose, with 3 of the segments broader than the others.
Asclepias-like Coilantha. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1629. PI.
i to U foot.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see Aslerias, p. 1 84.
XI. EURYTHA'LIA (meaning unknown to us). Renealm.
spec. Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 28. Mayerhoft", fl. mon. t,
278. — Gentiana species of authors. — Hippion species, Schmidt,
in Roem. arch. 1. p. 32. t. 4. f. 13. fl. bohem. no. 128. Gen-
tiana, sect. Endotriche, Froel. gent. p. 87. Opsantha, Renealm.
spec. 71.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Penlcindria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-cleft.
Corolla salver-shaped ; with a 4-5-cleft limb, having as many
bearded or fringed segments inside and attached to them at the
base. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, incum-
bent. Stigma 2-lobed or bifid. Ovarium pedicellate. Capsule
ovate or oblong, erect, 1- celled, 2-valved. Seeds smooth, round-
ish, compressed. — Annual, branched or simple herbs. Leaves
opposite, sessile, decussate. Flowers terminal, blue, white, or
purple. This genus is readily distinguished from the rest by
the beard inside the segments of the corolla at the throat.
1 E. uniflora ; stem simple, slightly tetragonal, usually 1-
flowered ; leaves ovate ; corolla 5-cleft : with ovate, acute seg-
ments, and bearded plicae inside, equal in length to the calycine
segments. ©. H. Native of Savoy, Bavaria, and the Car-
pathian mountains. Genti&na uniflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. I,'i46.
G. amarella, var. £, Froel. gent. p. 87. Hippion Gentianella,
Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 23. t. 2. f, 4. Stem hardly higher
than the corolla. Flowers larger than those of E. campestris,
of a violet colour.
One-flowered Eurythalia. PI. 1 inch.
2 E. Germa'nica (Mayerhoflf, fl. mon. t. 278.) stem obso-
letely 6-angled, branched ; branches longer than the inter-
nodes, 1 or many-flowered ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ;
corolla 5-cleft ; segments of corolla ovate, acute; with bearded
plicse inside at the base, about equal in length to the calycine
segments. ©. H. Native of middle Europe, as of Germany,
in mountain meadows. Gentiana Germanica, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1346. Schultes, fl. bav. no. 48. G. amarella, Froel. gen.
p. 86. Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2. no. 1016. Hall. helv. 651.
and of all other botanists who have written on the German
flora. G. amarella y, Wahl. carp. p. 76. exclusive of the syn.
of Besser. G. amarella, var. a. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 92. Gent,
amarella ft, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 23. t. 3. f. 4. G. campestris,
All. pedem. no. 354. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2776. — Barrel, icon,
t. 102. Root yellow. Stem purplish. Radical leaves obovate,
obtuse : cauline ones sessile, a little connate at the base, as in
the rest of the species : uppermost and branch ones subcordate.
Corolla purplish blue ; and the beard white.
Var. ft ; stem branched ; leaves subcordate, acuminated.
O. H. Barrel, icon. t. 510. f. 2. G. amarella, var. ^, Frcel.
gent. p. 86.
Var. y ; stem usually 1 -flowered, short ; flowers white ; co-
rollas and calyxes with scabrous edges. ©. H. Genticina
amarella ft, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 76.
Var.S; stem branched; flowers white
German Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. | to ^ foot.
3 E. amare'lla (Borkh. 1. c.) stem tetragonal, paniculately
branched at top ; branches shorter than the internodes ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; corolla 5-cleft ; segments ovate,
acute, with bearded plicae inside at the base. 0. H. Native
of Sweden, Bohemia, Hungary, Galicia, &c. in dry pastures, as
well as of the islands of Unalaschka, and Sitcha ; in England
in dry pasture, on calcareous soils. Gentiana amarella, Lin.
spec. 334. Smith, engl. hot. t. 236. Oed. fl. dan. 328. Froel.
gen. p. 141. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 148. Curt. fl. lond. fasc.
6. t. 31. Wahl. carp. p. 76. exclusive of the syn. G. pratensis,
Besser. Gentiana lancifolia, Rafin. dansk. hoist, fl. Sebum, fl.
Seel. p. 80. Pers. ench. 1. p. 286. Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2.
no. 1017. Hippion axillare, Schmidt, boh. no. 129. Roem.
arch. 1. p. 32. t. 4. f. 13. Gentiana tetragona, Mayer, physt.
aufs. p. 194. Gentiana cainpestris, Geners. elench. no. 234.
Gentiana amarella ft, Froel. gent. p. 87. — Plenck. icon. t. 158.
Opsantha, Renealm, spec. p. 71. Gentikna pyramidalis, Willd.
herb. no. 5540. Hippion axillare, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1.
t. 5. f. 13. Gentiana axillaris, Rchb. icon. t. 130. Swertia
corniculata, herb. Willd. no. 5478 — Barrel, icon. t. 510. f. 2.
Gentiana obtusifolia, Willd. ex Rchb. icon. t. 129. no. 248.
Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-2-flovvered. Corolla twice
longer than the calyx, with a white tube and a purple limb,
and beard. Calycine segments 5, uniform. Corolla 4 5-cleft.
The plant is very bitter. The plant from the island of Sitcha
differs from that of Unalaschka in the calycine segments being
more unequal.
Var. ft ; a larger plant, with longer branches, larger flowers,
which are constantly 5-cleft ; segments of corolla broader.
Bieb. 1. c.
Var. y, fugax verna or prcecox, Ray. This differs only in
the early time of flowering.
Var. 0. This, the taller avitumnal Gentian, with Centaury-
like leaves, is said by Ray to have been found near Welwyn, in
Hertfordshire, and Belcham St. Paul, in Essex, but it does not
differ in any thing essential from the species.
.(4?nare//a or Bitter Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Brit. PI. i to | ft.
4 E. uLiGiNosA ; stem tetragonal, branched, winged at the
base ; leaves lanceolate ; corolla 5-cleft, a little longer than the
calycine segments, which are nearly equal ; segments of corolla
ovate, acute, having the inner plicae bearded on the inside at
GENTIANE^. XI. Eurythalia.
187
ilie base. 0. H. Native of Germany, in boggy pastures.
Gentiana Amarella, Willd. prod, berol. no. 293. bot. mag. 1 1 .
p. 37. Gent. iiligin6sa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1347. Rehb. icon,
t. 58. Gent, campestre, Leyss. lial. no. 242. Stem 1-2 inches
high. Peduncles long, 1 -flowered. Perhaps hardly a variety
of Amarella. Corolla blueish.
Bog Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. PI. I to 2 inches.
5 E. OBTUsiFOLiA ; Stem tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, ob-
tuse ; corolla 4-5-cleft : lube equal in length to the calyx ;
segments of corolla having the inner plicffi bearded. 0. H.
Native of Bavaria, Savoy, and Switzerland, on the mountains.
Gentiana obtusifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1347. Wahl. helv. p.
49. G. amarella y, Froel. gent. p. 87. Hippion obtusifolium,
Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 22G. Rcera. arch. 1. p. 22. t. 2. f. 3.
Gentiana spatulata, Rchb. icon. t. 22. Gent, nicntana, Nees.
Lower leaves narrow, and almost petiolate : radical ones almost
orbicular. Corolla purplish or blueish yellow in the dried state.
Branches few, 1 -flowered. Two of the calycine segments are
broader than the others. This plant is considered the same as
E- Germdnica by Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 179-180.
Blunt-leaved Eurythalia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI.
i to I foot.
6 E. pbate'nsis ; stem tetragonal, branched ; leaves lanceo-
late, with scabrous edges, obsoletely 3-nerved ; corolla 4-5-
cleft : with ovate-lanceolate, obtuse segments : having the inner
plicae bearded ; calycine segments nearly equal, shorter than the
tube. 0. H. Native of Russia and Siberia at the Baikal;
and of Galicia, in humid and dry places. Gentiana pratensis,
Frcel. gent. p. 88. exclusive of the syn. of Fl. dan. G. cam-
pestris, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 103. Taller and more branched
than E. Germdnica ; with the lower branches shorter than the
internodes. Corolla not twice shorter than the largest calycine
segments, of a livid blue colour. Leaves sometimes violaceous
beneath. Flowers terminal, aggregate ; pedicels shorter than
the flowers. Said by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 181. to be the
same with Amarella.
Meadow EurythaViai. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. 1| ft.
7 E. Cauca'sica ; stem tetragonal, branched from the base ;
branches equal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; corolla
5- cleft, with ovate, obtuse segments, and a bearded throat;
teeth of calyx subulate, nearly equal. ©. H. Native
of the alps of Caucasus, at the fountains called Juchari-
basch. Gentiana Caucasica, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 198. Sims,
bot. mag. t. 1038. Gent, amarella, Pall. ross. 2, p. 104.
exclusive of the syn. of Fl. dan. t. 367. Gent. eoUina, Adams,
in Willd. herb. Roots yellowish. Caly.\ shorter than the tube
of the corolla. Peduncles 1 -flowered, length of leaves at the
tops of the branches. Corollas larger than those of E. cam-
pestris, of a violaceous blue colour ; beard white.
Caucasian Eurythalia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 804. PI. i
foot.
8 E. campe'stris (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 28.) stem te-
tragonal, pyramidally branched : leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved ;
corolla 4-cleft ; the segments obtuse and the throat bearded ;
the 2 exterior segments of the calyx very large. 0. H. Na-
tive of Europe, from Sweden to Sicily, in dry elevated pastures.
In Britain, particularly in the north of Wales and Scotland,
plentiful ; but more especially in marly districts. Gentiana
campestris, Lin. spec. 334. Froel. gent. p. 91. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 237. Oed. fl. dan. t. 367. Bocc. mus. t. 181. Gent,
amarella /3, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 892. Gent, amarella, Allg. ped.
no. 353. ex D. C. fl. fr. no. 2777. Gentiana obtusifolia,
Schleich. Hippion campestre, Schmidt, in Roem ;:rch. 1. p.
11. This is very nearly allied to E. amarella, but is more
branched, and the calyx is always 4-parted and irregular. Co-
rolla purplish blue, and sometimes pure white. According to
Linnaeus poor people use this plant instead of hops to beer ;
and according to Pallas as a medicine, in common with many
other species.
Var.fi, Germdnica (Froel. gent, p. 91.) stem acutely tetra-
gonal, green or blueish purple at the base, 2-6 inches high,
simple or branched ; 2 of the calycine segments are very large
and subcordate, or ovate, acute 3-nerved, the 2 smaller ones
lanceolate, acuminated ; corolla blueish violet, with a whitish
tube, a little shorter than the calyx. Gent, campestris, Roth,
fl. germ. 2. p. 290.
Far. y, Ntapolilana (Froel. 1. c.) lower branches of stem the
longest, therefore corymbose ; calyx 4-parted ; segments acu-
minated, 2 of which are broader and lanceolate ; the other 2
linear ; corolla twice longer than the calyx : limb 4-cleft,
acutish, reddish purple, but the beard is white. 0. H. Native
of Italy.
Far. c, quinquefida ; flowers 5-cleft. 0. H. Native of
Switzerland. Gentiana Germanica, Schleich. cent. pi. p. 21.
no. 31. ex D. C. fl. fr. 2777.
Far. f, minima ; plant small ; corollas purple. 0. H. Na-
tive of the south of Europe. Hippion auriculatum, Schmidt,
fl. boh. no. 125. — Barrel, icon. 97. f. 2. — Column, ecphr. 1.
p. 223. t. 22. f. 3.
FieW Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Britain. PI. i to |^ foot.
9 E. floribu'nda ; stem erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate,
connate, acute, downy, with pilose margins; peduncles 1-
flowered, solitary, or numerous, disposed on the branches as if
they were in racemes ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute,
downy as well as the corolla, which is deeply 5-cleft, and bearded
in the throat. 0. H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiana flori-
bunda, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 127. Stem terete, glabrous.
Flowers pale blue. Lobes of corolla ovate, mutic.
Bundlc-Jlowcred Eurythalia. Fl. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 E. umbella'ta (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, branched,
terete ; leaves lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, or somewhat 5-
nerved : lower ones petiolate ; calycine segments lanceolate,
acuminated ; throat of corolla furnished with a jagged fringed
ring; lobes of corolla elliptic, oblong. ©. H. Native of
Peru. Gentiana umbellata, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Leaves with scabrous edges, 3-4 inches long. Flowers termi-
nal, 3-5 in an umbel, erect ; pedicels 2-edged, bractless. Co-
rollas yellow. Filaments dilated ; anthers oblong. Ovarium
oblong. Stigma sessile, thick, 2-lobed.
Umbellale-Rowered Eurythalia. PI. 1^ foot.
11 E. auricula'ta ; stem subtetragonal, almost simple;
radical leaves ovate : cauline ones oblong-ovate, stem-clasping,
obtuse, 5-nerved ; flowers terminal from the axils of the supe-
rior leaves; corolla 4-5-cleft, villous inside; alternate, ca-
lycine segments cordate. 0. H. Native of eastern Siberia,
about the sea of Ochotsk, and of Kamtschatka, in grassy
marshy places. Gentiana auriculata. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 102.
t. 92. f. 1. Froel. gent. p. 90. no. 35. Hippion auriculatum,
Schmidt. Dasystephana auriculata, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1.
p. 26. Corolla twice longer than the calyx : with roundish
ovate, pale blue segments, which are villous inside. Ovarium
fusiform. There is a much-branched variety of this, with more
violet-coloured corollas, found in salt marshes towards the sea.
Auricled Eurithalia. PI. 1 foot.
12 E. glacia'lis; stem tetragonal, branched from the base,
leafy ; leaves nearly all radical, and rosulate, oblong, bluntish ;
corolla 4-cleft, with a bearded throat ; calyx 4-parted, nearly
equal; peduncles long, tetragonal, naked, 1 -flowered. 0. H.
Native of Lapland, Iceland, and through Savoy, and the Car-
pathian mountains, on the tops of the alps, to the alps of middle
B B 2
GENTIANEiE. XI. Eurytiialia. XII. Pleurogyna. XIII. Ericala.
Europe, as of Valais, even to Siberia. Gentiana glacialis, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 532. Froel. gent. p. 98. Wahl. lapp. p. C9.
carp. p. 75. Gent, nivalis, Lam. diet, suppl. 2. p. 733. no. 68.
Hail. helv. 652. Hippion longepedunculatum, Schmidt, in Roem.
arch. 1. p. 21. t. 2. f. 5. Gent, nana. All. pedem. 1. p. 99.
no. 300. Nearly allied to E. amarella. Corolla deep blue,
having 2 small fringed segments to each segment of the corolla.
Capsule elongated.
Var. /3, tenella ; corolla 4-cleft, bearded ; stem subdichoto-
mous ; peduncles very long ; leaves subovate, bluntish. 0. H.
Native of the north of Europe. Gent, tenella, Froel. gent. p.
96. ^Villd. spec. 1349. Pers. syn. I. p. 286. Rottb. act.
hafn. 10. p. 436. t. 2. f. 6. Tovvnson, trav. hung. t. 14. Vahl,
act. soc. hafn. 2. p. 2. t. 21. Fl. dan. t. 318. Gent, tetra-
gona. Lam. ill. no. 2233. Gmel. syst. p. 462. Roth. germ. 2.
p. 290. Hippion tenellum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 19.
Gent. Konigii, Gunn. fl. norv. no. 288. Gent, campestris /5,
Lin. syst. p. 269. no. 34. Gmel. syst. p. 460. no. 7. Corollas
deep blue.
Var. y, uv'ijlora ; stem simple, 1-flovvered. Q. H. Gent,
glacialis ft, Froel. gent. p. 98.
Icy Eurythaha. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. i to 4^ foot.
13 E. dichotoma ; stem tetragonal, dichotomously branched;
leaves subovate, acute ; peduncles very long ; corolla 5-cleft,
with a bearded throat, and oblong, obtuse, hardly spreading seg-
ments. ©. H. Native of Siberia, from the Lena to the Eastern
Ocean. Gent, dichotoma. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 110. Froel. gent.
p. 100. Hippion dichotomum, Schmidt. Gent, borealis, Ledeb.
act. nat. soc. mosc. 3. p. 357. Gent, glacialis. Led. fl. alt. I. p.
288. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 106. t. 51. f. B. This species differs from
E. glacialis in the stem being finely forked, filiform, and rather
flexuous. Leaves at all the forks, and on the peduncles.
Calyx divided almost to the base ; segments lanceolate, acute.
Corolla purplish ; tube longer than the calyx. The corollas
vary to 4-cleft, and to a white colour. Said by Cham, in
Linncea, 1 . p. 182. to be the same as E, glacialis.
Dicholomous Eurytiialia. PI. \ foot.
14 E. na'na (Boikh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 28.) stem tetra-
gonal, decumbent, filiform, dichotomous, leafy at bottom, with
ascending, tufted branches ; radical leaves obovate : cauline ones
ovate, obtuse ; peduncles hardly the length of the flowers ;
corolla 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft, campanulate, with a bearded
throat, and ovate, acutish segments. ©. H. Native of the
alps of Carinthia and Salzburg, near the limits of perpetual
snow. Gent, nana, Wulf in Jacq. misc. 1 . p. 161 . t. 18. f. 3.
Froel. gent. p. 102. Hippion nanum, Schmidt, in Room. arch,
p. 20. t. 3. f. 10. Root yellowish. Radical leaves usually 4,
rarely more, rosulate. Calycine segments ovate, lanceolate, acut-
ish, nearly equal. Corolla with a whitish tube, nearly the length
of the calyx, and a deep violaceous limb, and a white bipartite
beard. Stigmas ovate.
Var. ft ; stem simple, shorter than the flower. ©. H. Froel.
gent. I. c.
Var. y ; corollas white. ©. H. Froel. gent. 1.
Dwarf Eurythaiia. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pleurugi/na, below.
XII. PLEURO'GYNA (from irXevpa, pleura, a side, and
yw'Jj gy^i^t a female ; in reference to the 2 stigmas being adnate
longitudinally to both sides of the ovarium). Eschsch. mss.
ex Sclilecht. in Linnaa. 1. p. 187. — Gentiana species of authors.
— Swertia species of Linnceus.
LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Digijnia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
rotate, spreading, 5-cleft ; with a fringed or scaly throat. Sta-
mens 5 ; filaments filiform ; anthers free, incumbent. Stig-
mas 2, adnate longitudinally to the sutures on both sides of
the ovarium. Capsule elongated, 1 -celled, 2-valved. Seeds
minute, globose, scobiform. — Annual plants. Leaves opposite,
decussate : radical ones rosulate. Flowers blue.
1 P. Carinth:' aca; stem short, tetragonal, dichotomous, leaves
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse ; peduncles very long, naked ; corolla
rotate, 5-cleft ; with bristles in the throat. ©. H. Native of
Carinthia, and Salzburg, on the tops of the alps. Gentiana
Carinthiaca, Froel. gent. p. 103. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1350.
Swertia Carinthiaca, Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 53. t. 6. Lin.
syst. ed. 14. Murr. p. 266. Root yellowish. Stem slender.
Branches and peduncles erect or ascending. Radical leaves 4,
rosulate, oblong-ovate : cauline ones twin above the base. Ca-
lycine segments cut almost to the base, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
nearly equal, shorter than the corolla. Segments of corolla
ovate, acute, sky blue above, and white and violaceous beneath.
Bristles in the throat short and white. Capsule elongated, an-
gular. Stigmas obtuse.
Carinlhian Pleurogyna. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. i ft.
2 P. sulca'ta ; stem tetragonal, dichotomous ; leaves linear ;
segments of corolla oblong, acute ; corolla rotate, 5-cleft: with
scales in the throat; calycine segments lanceolate-linear. ©.
H. Native of Iceland and Norway. Gent, sulcata, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1351. Swertia sulcata, Rottb. act. hafn. 10. p. 438.
t. 1. f. 4. Retz. scan. ed. 2. no. 309. Swertia rotata, Gunn.
norw. no. 1077. fl. dan. t. 343. Gent, rotata ft, Froel. gent,
p. 106. Corolla length of calyx. Stem spicately branched, many-
flowered, leafy, ex Fl. dan. 1. c. Ovarium compressed, furrowed.
F«»->o>i'ecZ-capsuled Pleurogyna. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
3 P. rota'ta ; stem simple or branched from the middle,
obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutish, strict ;
segments of calyx ovate-lanceolate, one half shorter than the co-
rolla. ©. H. Native throughout Siberia, in humid places.
Gentiana rotata, Froel. gent. p. 105. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 289. Swertia
rotilta, Lin. spec. 1. p. 1351. Pall. fl. 2. t. 89. f. 1. and 2.—
Gmel. sib. 4. t. 53. f. 1. Root yellow, fascicled. Branches
sub-fastigiate. Radical leaves 4, rosulate, obovate, obtuse :
cauline ones lanceolate, acutish, sub-trinerved, shorter than the
internodes. Segments of calyx linear-acute, 3-nerved, a little
shorter than the corolla. Corolla blue, 5-parted. Scales 10 in
the throat, variously cut. Ovarium cylindrical, compressed,
furrowed in the middle.
Rotale-^oweveA Pleurogyna. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
4 P. Stelleriana (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. 1. p. 188.)
leaves ovate, acute ; calycine segments ovate, lanceolate, acute,
one half shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native of eastern
Siberia, Kamtschatka, and Caucasus. Swertia rotata. Pall. fl.
ross. t. 89. f. 3. Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 199.— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 112.
t. 52. f. 2. Stem many-flowered, branched from the base ;
branches fastigiate. Corolla 5-cleft.
Sleller's Pleurogyna. PI. 5 to |^ foot.
Cult. The species of this genus are almost uncultivatable ;
althougli several of them are extremely common in chalky
parts of Britain. We would recommend the seed to be sown
in chalky soil, or soil well mixed with chalk or marl, in which
they will probably grow in a cultivated state.
XIII. ERICATjA (meaning unknown to us). Renealm.
specim. p. 75. t. ()8. Ericoila, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.
Gentiana species of authors. Hippion species of Schmidt.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 3-5-cleft. Corolla
funnel-shaped or salver-shaped, 8-10-cleft; the alternate seg-
ments usually smaller, entire, bifid or fringed, but never bearded.
Stamens 4-5 ; filaments filiform. Anthers incumbent, linear
GENTIANE7E. XIII. Ericala.
189
or oblong-linear. Stijinia 2-lobeJ or biiid, minutely papillose.
Capsule peilicellatc. Seeds small, oblong or roundisli, smooth.
— Dwarf perennial or annual herbs. Leaves conduplicate. Ra-
dical leaves rosulate, imbricate: cauline ones opposite, decussate,
sessile. Flowers terminal, usually solitary.
§ 1. Perennial plants.
1 E. alpIna ; corolla campanulate, about equal in length to
the stem; leaves ovate, rather fleshy, obtuse, nerveless. 2/. H.
Native of Dauphiny, in tiie Pyrenees, very plentiful. Gentiana
alpina, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 526. no. 8. t. 10. D. C. fl. fr. suppl.
no. 2770. a. Lodd. bot. cab. 476. Gent, acaiilis ft, Froel.
gent. p. 57. var. y, D. C. fl. fr. 2770. Pers. syn. 1. p. 285.
Hippion alpinum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 2. p. 20. — Barrel,
icon. t. 105. Leaves hardly twice as long as broad, almost
round. Flowers solitary, erect, always longer tiian the stem,
12-14 lines long.
Alpine Erka\a. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. ^ foot.
2 E. Alta'ica (Borkh. in Roeni. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem shorter
than the flower ; radical leaves imbricated, compact ; corolla
funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; segments roundish: accessory ones
roundish, jagged. %. H. Native of Altaia, near the li-
mits of perpetual snow. Gentiana Altaica, Pall. fl. ross. 2.
p. 109. t. 97. f. 1. Froel. gent. p. 62. Gent, grandiflora,
Laxm. comm. nov. petrop. 18. p. 526. t. 6. f. 1. Hippion
Altaicum, Schmidt, in Uocm. arch. 1. p. 10.no. 2. Gent, longiflora.
Lam. ill. p. 485. no. 2115. Root simple, fibry. Leaves
lanceolate, acutish. Flovi'ers solitary. Segments of calyx lan-
ceolate-acuminated, with a membranous white keel and margin.
Corolla large, deep blue. Anthers yellow. Very nearly allied
to E. Pyrcnaica. Capsule obovate, pedicellate.
I'ar. ft, albijlora (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 283.) flowers white, with
5 yellow stripes. 7/. H. Native of Siberia, in alpine places.
Attain Ericala. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot.
3 E. Pyrena'ica (Borkh. 1. c.) stem branched at bottom ;
leaves lanceolate-linear ; flowers terminating the branches,
solitary; corolla fimnel-shaped, 10-cleft: accessory segments
oblong, obtuse and crenulated at the apex. %.. H. Na-
tive of the Pyrenees, and Caucasus. Gentiana Pyren^ica,
Lin. syst. 268. mant. 55. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1341. Froel.
gent. p. 63. Gouan. ill. 7. t. 2. f. 2. Waldst. et Kit.
hung. t. 207. Hippion Pyrcnaicum, Schmidt, in Roem.
arch. 1. p. 14. no. 1. Very nearly allied to E. verna, but
differs in the accessory segments being nearly equal in size to
the others. Stem procumbent. Flowers length of branches.
Sterile branches densely leafy. Radical leaves crowded, im-
bricated : cauline ones connately sheathing, acute, with white
cartilaginous edges. Segments of calyx lanceolate, acute, with
pale edges. Corolla pale green outside, with the limb deep blue
above. There is a variety of this species with a 6-cleft corolla,
with as many accessory segments, see D.C. fl. fr. no. 2775.
Pyrenean Ericala. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. PI. \ foot.
4 E. ru^MiLA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 41.) stems 1-
flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate, crowded, imbricate ; corolla
salver-shaped, 10-cleft; segments ovate, acute : the 5 accessory
ones small, semi-bifid. If.. H. Native of Carinthia, Austria,
the Tyrol, Switzerland, &c., on the alps. Gentiana pilmila,
Lin. spec. p. 331. Jacq. vind. 215. obs. 2. p. 29. t. 49. austr.
4. t. ^02. Frccl. atnt. p. 81. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1345. Gent,
verna ft, Lam. diet. 2. p. 639. y. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2771. Hip-
pion pumilum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. Habit of E.
Pyrenciica and E. verna, but differs from both in the corolla.
Lower leaves with subrecurved cartilaginous margins. Calyx
pentagonally keeled, blueish. Corolla pale blue ; accessory seg-
ments white.
Dwarf Ericala.
FIG. 21.
5 E. SEDIFOLIA ; plant tuf-
ted, procumbent ; branches 1-
flowered : flowers sessile ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, loosely im-
bricate ; corolla funnel-shaped,
10-cleft; the accessory seg-
ments are almost equal to the
others in size, all roundish ovate ;
calycine segments equal, linear-
lanceolate, acute, with membra-
nous, white edges ; stigmas ses-
sile, revolute at apex. 1/ . F.
Native on the Andes, about
Quito Popayan. Gentiana se-
difolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 134. t. 225.
Gent, caespitosa, Willd. herb.
ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 185. Leaves sessile, some-
what connate, nerveless, with diaphanous white edges. Calyx
3 times shorter than the corolla. Corolla size of E. verna,
blue. Capsule oblong, acute, compressed.
Stonecrop-leaved Ericala. PI. procumbent.
C E. TUBiFLORA ; aliTiost stemless, tufted ; leaves crowded,
mostly radical, rosulate, roundish-spatulate, sessile, small;
flowers solitary, sessile, upon the tops of very short stems ;
calyx tubular : with triangular, acute teeth ; corolla long, tu-
bular, 10-cleft: the 5 regular segments ovate, rounded, miicro-
nate ; and the 5 accessory ones small, and also rounded. 1/ .
F. Native of Nipaul, at Gosainsthan. Gentiana tubiflora,
Wall. cat. no. 4388. Flowers long, narrow, blue, large for the
size of the plant. Margins of leaves cartilaginous. This is a
pretty little plant.
Tube-Jlowered Ericala. PL small, tufted, 1 inch.
7 E. depke'ssa (D. Don, mss.) stems 1-flowered; flowers
sessile, radical ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, rosulate; of the
surculi ovate; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 10-cleft;
the 5 accessory segments ovate, erosely crenulated ; the other
5 roundish, and mucronately awned. 7/. H. Native of Ni-
paul. Gentiana depressa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 126. Wall,
cat. no. 4387. Root fibrous. Plant depressed, stemless, some-
times with many decumbent surculi. Leaves glaucous-green, 3-
nerved, with cartilaginous edges, scabrous from papillse. Calyx
tubular, 5-cleft ; with lanceolate, mucronulate keeled segments.
Corolla an inch long, blue, with violaceous lines. Filaments
flat, channelled. Ovarium fusiform, pedicellate. Style elongated.
Stigmas lanceolate, mucronulate, approximate, papillose, as
several other parts of the plant. Very nearly allied to E.Altuica.
Depressed Ericala. PI. 2 inches.
8 E. carina'ta (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, terete, simple ;
leaves sessile, keeled at the base, linear-lanceolate, incurved ;
flowers aggregate, terminal ; calycine segments linear, mucro-
nate, with scabrous edges ; corolla funnel-shaped, tubular, with a
bearded throat, and a 1 0 lobed limb : the 5 accessory lobes
sharply denticulated, much shorter than the other 5, which are
lanceolate, acute. 1/ . F. Native of Nipaul. Stem purplish.
Leaves green, having the margins and keel cartilaginous. Fila-
ments capillary. Stigmas revolute. Capsule cuneate-oWong,
winged at apex.
A'ee/et^-leaved Ericala. PI. 14 inch.
9 E. venu'sta ; stems procumbent or stoloniferous ; leaves
roundish-spatulate, obtuse, vi'ith cartilaginous edges ; flowers
sessile, terminal, 2-3 together, rarely solitary ; calycine segments
linear-lanceolate; corolla 10-cleft: the 5 regular segments
roundish and crenated ; and the 5 accessory ones small and
bifid. tl. F. Native of Kamaon. Gentiana venusta. Wall,
cat. no. 4389. Flowers blue.
190
GENTIANE^E, XIII. Ericala.
Beautiful Ericala. PI. procumbent.
10 E. ANGUSTiFOLiA ; Stem terete, simple, 1 -flowered ; leaves
narrow-linear, spreading ; corolla campanidate, with 5 ovate acute
segments, and as many accessory small jagged ones. 1/ . H.
Native from New Jersey to Carolina, in meadows and near
rivers, in sandy soil. Gentiana angustifolia, Michx. fl. amer.
bor. 1. p. 177. Pursb, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 1S6. Gentiana
purpiirea, Walt. fl. car. p. 109. Gentiana porphyrio, Gmel.
,syst. p. 4G2. no. 37. Hippion Porphyrio, Schmidt. Calyx 5-
cleft. Flowers large, azure blue, often 2 inches long. Capsule
clavate, stipitate. Stign\-i bifid. Stems mostly simple, but
sometimes 2-3-flowered.
Narroiv-leaved Ericala. PI. \ to 1 foot.
HE. quadrifa'ria ; stem a little branched; flowers ter-
minal, solitary, almost sessile ; leaves imbricating in 4 rows,
ovate, with cartilaginous edges, terminated each by a bristle ;
corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft. 1/.? G. Native of Java, on
the higher declivities of Mount Gede. Gentiana quadrif^ria,
Blum, bijdr. p. 847. Nearly allied to E. aqudtica and E.
humile.
Quadrifarioui-\eavcd Ericala. PI. 5 foot. ?
12 E. LiNEA~Ris; stem roughish ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
undulated, nerveless, ciliated, as well as the calyxes ; flowers
terminal, sessile, crowded ; corolla campannlate, 5-cleft, with
as many denticulated, accessory segments. 1/. H. Native of
Pennsylvania and Virginia, on the mountains ; and of the Ar-
kansas. Gentiana linearis, Froel. gent. p. ^7. no. 11. Pursb,
fl. amer. sept. 1, p. 186. Gentiana puberula, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 17G. Flowers large, blue. Segments of corolla blue.
Zinfo»-leaved Ericala. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. i foot.
13 E. acu'ta ; stems tetragonal, branched ; leaves sessile, half
stem-clasping, erect, oblong-ovate, very acute ; flowers disposed
in terminal and lateral fascicles ; corolla 10-cleft : the 5 regular
segments linear-lanceolate : and the 5 accessory ones small and
ciliated. Q.'! H. Native of Carolina and Canada, on high
mountains. Gentiana acuta, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 177.
Pursh 1. p. 186. Fertile branches much shorter than the ste-
rile ones. Flowers very small, greenish yellow, on very short
branches. " Flowers mostly solitary, axillary, and terminal,
upon longish peduncles ; calyx nearly divided to tlie base, 2 of
the segments smaller than the others ; corolla campannlate, 4-5-
cleft, greenish purple ; segments semi-ovate, acute ; orifice
ciliated:" ex Nutt. gen. 1. p. 172. Perhaps a species of i?Mrj/-
thaVta, if Michaux' plant and Nuttall's be the same.
Acute-AoviCYeA Ericala. PI. \ foot.
14 E. ve'rna (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 41.) stem branched
at bottom ; branches 1 -flowered ; leaves ovate, acutish : radical
ones spreading, crowded; corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft, with
as many small bifid, accessory segments. H.. H. Native
throughout Europe, on the alps and mountains, and in humid
meadows, as of Switzerland, Savoy, Piedmont, Austria, Car-
niola, &c. In England, in Teesdale Forest, Durham ; and be-
tween Gort and Galloway, in Ireland. Gentianaverna, Lin. spec. p.
331. Willd. spec. l.p. 1342. exclusive of Gent. Bavarica, Pall.
Smith, engl. bot. 493. Curt. bot. mag. 491. Lodd. bot. cab.
t. 62. Tratt. fl. austr. 1. t. 2. Mordant Delanay. l.t. 1. Gentiana
prostrvita, Schleich. Hall. helv. no. 644. Gent, serrata a, Lam. fl.
fr. 2. p. 294. Hippion vernum, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 1 18. Rcem.
arch. 1. p. 16. t. 3. f. 9.— Morr. hist. t. 5. f. 13.— Ger. emac.
436. f. 2. Gentianella dulcis, Gesn. in Schmidel. op. gesn. 2.
p. 41. t. 22 f. 83. A. exclusive of Lin. name. — Barrel, icon,
p. 98. t. 109. f. 1. Stigma finely serrated, saucer-shaped.
Root creeping. Angles of calyx undulated. Segments of co-
rolla roundish, obtuse. Corollas azure blue ; accessory seg-
ments pale. Capsule fusiform, bursting when touched.
Far. /3; stem hardly exceeding the corolla; segments of
12
corolla acutely serrated. 1/. H. Native of ihe Noric alps,
Carpathian mountains, as well as of Siberia, at the Baikal. Froel.
gent. p. 65. Gentiima Bavarica, Jacq. obs. 3. p. 19. t. 71.
Gent, verna y, Lam. diet. 2. p. 639. Gmel. syst. 461. Scop,
cam. l.p. 178.- — Barrel, icon. 109. f. 2. Ericala, Renealm.
spec. p. 75. t. 68.
Far. y, elongata (Froel. gent. 1. c.) stem elongated, filiform,
nearly naked, 1 -flowered; calyx oblong, equal ; radical leaves
rosulate. %. H. Native of Austria. Gent, elongata,
Hfenke, in Jacq. coll. p. 88. t. 17. f. 3.
Var. c, bracliyphijlla (Frcel. I. c.) leaves lanceolate-roundish,
very short. 7^. H. Native of Dauphiny and Carinthia. Gen-
tiana brachyphylla, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 258. no. 12. Barrel,
icon. t. 103. f 2.
Var. c, acutiflbra (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 427.) segments of
corolla acute. l/.H. Native of France.
Var. 4, ternifdl/a ; cauline leaves 3 in a whorl.
Var. 7], 6lba ; corolla white.
Var. 6, mbacauUs ; plant almost without a stem. ©. H.
Native of Switzerland. Gent, verna /3, Wahl. helv. p. 47.
Gent, piimila, Sut.
Var, 1, sexjidus ; corolla 6-cleft ; calyx ventricose, triden-
tate. %. H. Hippion sexfidum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1.
p. 15.
Spring Ericala. Fl. April, May. England. PI. J foot.
15 E. iESTivA ; stems short, 1-flowered; leaves oval, all
equal, crowded ; calyx ventricose; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-
cleft : having the accessory segments small, bifid, and acute ;
stigma cup-shaped, deeply crenated. 11. H. Native of Bohe-
mia, Austria, and Bavaria, on the mountains, in meadows. Gen-
tiana aestiva, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 156. Hippion ses-
tivum, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 119. Roem. arch. 1. p. 16, t. 3.
f. 8. Calyx more angular, and the stigma more deeply cre-
nated than in E. verna.
Var. /3, Terglovensis (Hacq. pi. alp. no. 4. t. 2. f. 3.) stem-
less ; calyx short, pentagonal ; accessory segments of corolla
semibifid ; stigma funnel-shaped, ciliated. %. H. Native of
Terglove, near the ice.
;S'ii?»?ner Ericala. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL i foot.
16 E. Carpa'thica; leaves obovate, all sessile : cauline ones
remote; flowers sessile ; corolla 10-cleft, funnel-shaped ; acces-
sory segments unknown. 1{. H. Native of the Carpathian
mountains. Gentiana Carpathica, Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr.
ed. 2. no. 1008. Said to be nearly allied to E. verna.
Carpathian Ericala. PI. j foot.
17 E. imbrica'ta; stems tufted, shorter than the flowers;
flowers solitary ; leaves ovate, acute, imbricated, with scabrous
edges; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft: having the accessory
segments bifid, y.. H. Native of Switzerland and Carinthia,
on the tops of the alps. Gentiana imbricata, Froel. gent. p. 74.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1344. Gent. Bavarica, Lam. diet. 2. p. 640.
—Cam. hort. t. 15. f. 2.— Barrel, icon. t. 101. f. 2. ex Cam.
Schmidel, op. gesn. 2. p. 43. t. 22. f. 84. This species appears
to be intermediate between E. Bavarica and E. prostrdla, but
is very distinct from both. The tufts are more dense ; lower
leaves roundish. Limb of corolla broader than in E. Bavarica,
deep blue ; with ovate-lanceolate acute segments : the accessory
one pale blue and rather large.
Imhricated-Xe&ved. Ericala. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI.
i foot.
18 E. prostra'ta (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 41.) stem
prostrate, filiform, leafy, about equal in length to the flower ;
leaves obtuse, crowded; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; the
5 accessory segments small and bifid. %. H. Native of
Salzburgb, on the tops of the alps, Carniola, Unalaschka, Beh-
ring's Straits, Bay of St. Laurence, Aleutian Islands, &c. Gen-
GENTIANE^. XIII. Ericala.
191
tiana prostrata, Hanke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 66. t. 17. f. 2.
Tratt. fl. aiistr. fasc. 9. t. 8. Froel. gent. p. 7.5. Willd. spec.
1. p. 13 tl. Hippion prostratuin, Schmidt, I. c. Very nearly
allied to E. Bavarica, but all parts of the plant are more slender
and the flowers much smaller ; calyx less angular ; segments of
corolla lanceolate, acute, of a watery blue colour.
Prostrate Ericala. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
19 E. ANGULosA ; stem shorter than the flower ; leaves ovate,
obtuse, 3-nerved : radical ones crowded, imbricate ; calyxes
keeled; corolla salver-shaped, 10-clcft; segments ovate, obtuse;
the 5 accessory segments small and bluntly bifid. I^.H. Native
of Caucasus, and the Carpathian mountains, in rather humid alpine
places. Gentianaangulosa, Bieb. fl. taur. l.p. 197. suppl. p. 190.
cent. pi. rar. ross. 1. 1. 47. Gent, verna y, angulosa, Wahl. carp,
no. 21G. Gent, utriciilosa, Wahl. helv. no. 273. Gent. Bavarica,
Pall. ross. 2. p. 110. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. Gent, uni-
flora, Georgi, itin. 1. p. 203. t. 1. f. 2. Habit and stature of
E. nana, but the flowers are larger, and the calyxes bladdery.
.<^ng-M/ar-calyxed Ericala. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. PI.
\ foot.
20 E. Bava'rica (Borkh. inRoem.arch. 1. p. 41. Schmidel,
op. gesn. 2. p. 43. t. 27. f. 85.) stems 1-flowered; leaves ovate,
obtuse : radical ones crowded, imbricated, larger than the cau-
line ones; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; segments entire, or
slightly serrated: the accessory ones small, horn-formed. !{. . H.
Native of middle Europe, on the alps. Gentiana Bavarica,
Lin. spec. 331. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 527. t. 10. exclusive of the
syn. of Jacq. Hasnke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 75. no. 32. Gen-
tiana serpyllifolia, Lara. diet. 2. p. 640. Pers. ench. 1. p. 285.
Hall. helv. no. 645. Hippion Bavaricum, Schmidt, bohem.
no. 120. and in Roem. arch. 1. p. 17. t. 4. f. 12. Gentiana
prostrata. Funk. — Barrel, icon. 101. f. 1. — Cam. hort. p. 65.
t. 15. Differs from E. verna, in the leaves being obtuse, not
acute. Corolla deep blue. Ovarium pedicellate. Stigmas 2,
downy.
Far. ft, imhricata ; flower exceeding the stem ; radical leaves
crowded, roundish. Tf.. H. Native of the alps of Salzburgh
and Carinthia. Frcel. gen. p. 71. Gentiana imbricata, Schleich,
ex D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 427. no. 2772.
Var. y, elongata; stem elongated, 3-4 inches long. 1^. H.
Froel. gent. 1. c.
Var. e, albiflora ; corollas white. Froel. 1. c.
Baiarian Enc!i\a. Fl. July. Clt. 1775. PI. i foot.
21 E. crdcia'ta (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stems
ascending, terete, 2-edged at the base ; leaves broad-lan-
ceolate, 3-nerved; flowers terminal, and axillary, crowded,
nearly sessile ; calyx 4-toothed, unequal ; corolla tubularly
campanulate, 8-cleft : having the 4 regular segments acute:
and the 4 accessory ones small, acutely bifid or jagged.
1^. H. Native of middle Europe, in dry, exposed, moun-
tainous places ; as well as of Caucasus and Siberia. Gentiana
cruciata, Bauh. pin. 188. Lin. spec. 334. Jacq. austr. 4. t. 372.
Pall. ross. 108. Hippion cruciatum, Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1.
p. 11. MayerhoflT, fl. nion. t. 153. Trctrorrhiza Renealm,
specim. 74. t. 73. Herba fullonura, Brunf. 2. p. 52. — Ger.
emac. 433. f. 4. — Mor. hist. t. 5. f. 16. Leaves connate at
the base. Bracteas length of flowers. Calyx cleft on one side.
Corolla with a pale tube, widened upwards, and a pale blue
limb, dotted with green in the throat. Capsule oblong. This
species differs much in habit from the rest ; and has much the
appearance of Gentiana macrop/ii/lla. Seeds oblong, smooth.
Var. ft, minor (Cam. epit. 417.)
f ar. y ; stem humble ; flowers smaller ; segments of corolla
acute. %. H. Froel. gent. p. 28.
CfOMwori Ericala. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. PI. | foot.
22 E. spatha'cea ; stem erect, simple, nearly terete ; leaves
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subconnate, acute, approximate ;
flowers terminal, sessile, crowded ; calyx 5-toothed, cleft on one
side; corolla funnel-shape J ; limb 10-cleft: the larger segments
roundish, obtuse, and the accessory ones shorter and bifid ? ;
stigma undivided, at length 2-lobed. %. H. Native of
Mexico, on the eastern declivities of mountains, near Xalapa.
Gentiana spathacea, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 135.
no. 15. Gent, plicata, Willd. reliq. mss. Leaves 3-nerved,
membranous. Flowers erect, size of those of Gentiana cruciata,
blue. Ovarium sub-clavate, compressed. Style short.
Spathaceous-ca\yx.cd Ericala. PI. 1 foot.
^ 2. Annual plants.
23 E. utriculosa (Borkh. in Room. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem
branched; branches alternate, 1-flowered; calyx carinately
winged ; radical leaves rosulate, ovate : cauline ones spatulate ;
corolla salver-shaped, 10-cleft : the segments linear-lanceolate,
acute, and entire : the accessory ones bifid ; stigma cup-shaped,
crenated, nearly as in E. verna. ©. H. Native from the
Baltic to the Mediterranean, in mountain pastures and sub-
alpine places. Gentiana utriculosa, Lin. spec. 332. Froel.
gent. p. 69. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1343. Hall. helv. 646. Waldst.
et Kit. hung. t. 206. Hippion utriculosum, Schmidt, in Rcem.
arch. l.p. 11. — Barrel, icon. 18. t. 48. f. 2. not 1.— Column,
ecphr. t. 221. Stem and branches obsoletely tetragonal. Co-
rollas beautiful blue ; tube whitish, striped with blue. Seeds
scabrous. This species is easily recognized by the 5 prominent
wings of the calyx, and the salver-shaped corolla. Root fusi-
form, yellow.
Jar. ft, ramosa ; stem branched at the base ; branches elon-
gated, 1-flowered. O- H. Native on mount Baldo. Froel.
gent. 1. c.
Var. y, uniflora : stem simple, dwarf, 1-flowered. 0. H.
Froel. 1. c.
Var. S, alhijlbra ; corolla white.
i?Wrfe/-y-calyxed Ericala. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. PI. | ft.
24 E. niva'lis (Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem simple
or branched ; branches alternate, 1-flowered ; radical leaves
crowded, ovate, acutish : cauline ones lanceolate ; calyx tubu-
lar, 5-toothed, with acute, hardly keeled angles ; corolla funnel-
shaped, 10-cleft ; the accessory segments bifid. ©. H. Na-
tive of Europe, from Lapland to the Pyrenees, and Italy, on
the alps. In Scotland, as on Ben Lawers. Gentiana nivalis, Lin.
spec. 286. Froel. gent. 1. p. 83. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1344.
Smith, engl. bot. 896. Wahl. lapp. p. 68. helv. p. 48. Oed. fl.
dan. 17. Hall. helv. no. 647. t. 17. enum. no. 218. t. 7. f. 5.
Mor. t. 5. f. 3. Stem and branches tetragonal. Leaves elliptic :
radical ones acute ?. Corollas salver-shaped, blue, greenish out-
side. Calycine segments acuminated.
Var. ft, minima ; stem branched, filiform ; leaves very short.
©. H. Native of Dauphiny. Gentiana minima, Vill. daupli.
2. p. 19. t. 11. f. 6.— Barrel, icon. 103. f. 2.
Var. y, humile ; stem humble, usually l-flowered ; leaves
very short, ovate, obtuse. ©• H. Native of Europe and
Labrador. Froel. gent. 1. c. exclusive of the syn. of Vill.
Hippion nivale, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. p. 19. t. 11. f. 6. —
Barrel, icon. 103. f. 2.
Var. S, albijlora ; corollas white.
Snoti'jj Ericala. Fl. Aug. Scotland. PI. \ foot.
25 E. squarrosa ; stem dichotomously branched, beset with
divaricate, glandular hairs; flowers sessile, several together;
leaves remote, attenuated at both ends ; calycine teeth spread-
ing, mucronate ; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft: the 5 alternate
or accessory segments small and bidentate. ©. H. Native of
Siberia, on dry schistous mountains, at the rivers Kerlyk and
Kan. Gentiana squarrosa. Led. mem. acad. sc. petersb. 5.
192
GENTIANE^. XIII. Eiucaia.
p. 527. no. 13. ill. fl. ross. t. 14. Gent, aquatica, Bieb. suppl.
p. 92. Gent, aquatica, var. y, Frcel. gent. p. 77. — Corolla blue,
hardly exceeding the calyx. Stigmas sessile, revolute.
Squarrose Eiicala. PI. 5 foot.
26 E. aqua'tica (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem
coarctate, erect, branched ; flowers terminal, sessile ; leaves
obovate, imbricated, keeled, mucronate, cartilaginously mar-
gined ; teetii of calyx adpressed, acute ; corolla funnel-shaped,
10-cleft; the accessory segments small, bifid?. ©. H. Native
of Siberia, in sandy, alpine meadows. Gentiana aquatica, Lin.
amoen. 2. p. 043. spec. 332. mosc. 3. p. 258. — Gmel. sib. 4. p.
110. no. 76. — Hippion aquaticum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch.
]. p. 10. no. 12. Stem beset with glandular hairs. Calyx
witii 5 winged angles. Corolla pale azure blue. Capsule
clavate, elongated. Stigmas obtuse. Thecapodium equal in
length to the calyx.
Aquatic Ericala. PI. 5 foot.
27 E. LouREiRi; stems tufted, simple, 1-flowered; leaves
lanceolate ; calyx acutely 5-cleft ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft :
the accessory segments smaller and plicate ; stigmas sessile,
revolute. 0. H. Native of China, in humid places about
Canton. Gentiana aquatica, Lour. coch. 172. hut not of Lin.
Corollas blue, terminal, solitary.
Loure'iros Ericala. PI. 5 foot.
28 E. Thunbe'rgii ; stem simple, 1-flowered; leaves with
membranous edges : radical ones, ovate, acute, crowded : cauline
ones ovate, minute, connate, ovate-oblong ; calyx with 5 mem-
branous angles ; corolla funnel-shaped, 1 0-cleft, sessile : the
accessory segments smaller and plicate. 0. H. Native of
Japan. Gentiana aquatica, Thunb. jap. p. 1 15. Corolla blue.
Thunherg's Ericala. PI. 5 foot.
29 E. nu'tans; leaves spatulate, mucronate, connately sheath-
ing, remote ; flowers numerous, pedunculate, nutant ; corolla
10-cIeft, twice as long as the calyx; calycine teeth adpressed;
capsule cylindrical, sub-truncate ; having thecapodium exceed-
ing the corolla. ©. H. Native of Siberia, on the tops of the
Alps, against the river Tschuga, in humid places. Gentiana nn-
tans, Bunge, inLedeb. fl.alt. l.p. 284.
Z);-oopi«g-flowered Ericala. PI. \ foot.
30 E. RovLEA~NA ; stem much branched, filiform, slender,
flexuous ; flowers numerous, solitary, pedicellate; radical leaves
large, ovate, mucronately awned, sjjreading, flat, 3-nerved, glau-
cous beneath : cauline ones linear-lanceolate, mucronate : having
the top of the keel and edges cartilaginously and minutely den-
ticulated ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft; the accessory segments
obtuse, bidentate, much smaller than the other 5, which are
lanceolate, acuminated. ©. H. Native of Nipaul ; and the
Himalaya!), at a place called Khoree Pass, Royle. Gentiana
decemfida, D. Don, prod. p. 127. Gentiana Royleana, Wall, cat,
no. 4393. Gentiana ri[>aria, Ham. herb. Root simple, fibrously
branched. Calyx tubular, with long, subulate, setaceously mu-
cronate, equal segments. Corolla twice longer than the calyx.
Filaments capillary. Anthers incumbent. Ovarium stipitate,
2-edged, cune; ted. Stigmas revolute, nearly terete, minutely
papillose.
i?oy/eV Ericala. PI. \ to | foot.
31 E. margina'ta (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, branched ; leaves
sessile-lanceolate, mucronulate ; with cartilaginous edges; flowers
sessile, fascicled ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft: the 5 alternate or
accessory segments a little smaller, entire, acute : the other 5
obtuse. 0. F. Native of Nipaul, Kamaon, Silhet, &c.
Gentiina pedicellata. Wall. cat. no. 4394. ? confused with Gen-
tiana coioncila. Root simple, branched at the base. Leaves
coriaceous, nerveless. Bracteas similar to the leaves. Teeth
of calyx ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, with scarious edges.
Corolla azure blue. Filaments flattened. Ovarium fusiform,
membranous. Style elevated ; stigma 2-lobed ; lobes flat, ob-
tuse, minutely papillous. Habit of Gentiana Roylei, if Wallich
and Royle's plant be the same.
Marginate-\ea.vei!i Ericala. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
32 E. hu'milis ; stem much branched at the base ; branches
simple, 1-flowered; leaves oblong-lanceolate, imbricated ; with
white cartilaginous edges ; calyx 5-angled, with erect, acute
teeth; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft : with lanceolate acute
segments, the 5 accessory ones rather the smallest. 0. H.
Native of eastern Caucasus, and Siberia, on the mountains, in
humid, grassy places. Gentiana humilis, Stev. mem. soc. mosc.
4. p. 258. Bieb. suppl. p. 191. G. aquatica, Pall. fl. ross. 2.
t. 97. f. 2. G. aquatica /3, Caucasica, Cav. hort. gorenk. 1812.
p. 28. Gent, aquatica /3, Fra?l. gent. p. 77. Gentiana hiunilis
aquatica verna, Amm. ruth. t. 1. f. 1. Root slender, white.
Leaves glaucous, green : lower ones largest and rounder, becom-
ing narrower and acuter as they ascend : cauline ones sheathing.
Corolla blue, twice as long as the calyx. Teeth of calyx equal
in length to the tube of the corolla. Capsule obovate. Very
nearly allied to E. aquatica.
Humble Ericala. Fl. April. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot.
33 E. fla'va ; stems numerous, 1-flovvered; leaves lanceo-
late, imbricated : radical ones elliptic, rosulate ; corolla funnel-
shaped, 10-cleft; having the 5 accessory segments small and
emarginate. 0. H. Native of Bohemia, about Morgen-
slern. in dry places. Gentiana flava, Mayer, abh. bohem.
gesselsch. 1785. p. 46. t. 1. f. 1. Schultes, oestr. fl. 2d. ed.
no. 1012. Hippion imbricatum, Schmidt, bohem. 2. p. 117.
Rcem. arch. 1. p. 15. Calyx ventricose, yellowish. Corolla
deep yellow, with short, subulate, spreading segments. Stigmas
yellow. Said to be intermediate between E. verna and E.
prostrata.
Yellow-AowereA Ericala. PI. 1 inch.
34 E. Douglasia'na; stem branched, angular ; cauline leaves
sessile, broad-ovate, somewhat cordate : radical ones rosulate ;
flowers white, pedicellate, by threes from the tops of the branches
and stem ; corolla campanulate, 10-cleft, the 5 accessory seg-
ments small and bifid, the others lanceolate, bluntish. 0. H.
Native of the island of Sitcha, and in north-west America.
Gentiana Douglasiana, Bongard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p.
156. Root perpendicular, fibry. Calyx campanulate, with
lanceolate, acute segments. Corolla white, twice as long as the
calyx. Anthers oblong. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Ovarium
oblong, compressed.
Douglas's Ericala. PI. 5 to | foot.
35 E. arge'ntea (D. Don, mss.) plant of a cinereous grey
colour, fascicled or tufted, stemless; leaves and calyxes lanceo-
late, setaceously mucronate, keeled, recurved, with scariously
membranous edges ; flowers sessile, terminal, aggregate, brac-
teate ; corolla length of calyx, 10-lobed: the 5 accessory seg-
ments ovate, obtuse, entire, membranous, smaller than the other
5, which are ovate, acuminated, having their margins involute
above. 0.H. Nativeof theHimalaiah. Gentianaargentea, Royle,
mss. Root filiform, descending, fibrously branched at the base.
Plant composed of very short, crowded, leafy branches. Leaves
crowded, recurvedly spreading, silvery, with white, finely serru-
lated edges. Calyx tubular; segments and bracteas lanceolate,
mucronate, recurved. Filaments subulate. Anthers incumbent.
Ovarium cuneate, oblong, sessile. Style elongated. Stigmas
obtuse.
Silvery Ericala. PI. 1 inch.
36 E. procu'mbens (D.Don, mss.) plant green, annual, of many
procumbent stems ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, emarginate,
flat : radical ones large, 3-nerved : cauline ones smaller ; flowers
subaggregate, terminal ; calycine segments lanceolate, mucro-
nate, recurved ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft, longer than the calyx ;
GENTIANEiE. XIII. Erycala. XIV. Pneumona'nthe.
193
5 of tlie lobes ovate, acute, and the 5 accessory ones rouiidisli
and very short ; capsule euncate-eompressed, winged at top.
O. H. Native of Nipai\l. Gentiana procurnbens, and G. ra-
dicata, Royle, mss. Plant tufted ; stems filiform, leafy, pro-
cumbent, 1-2 inches long. Flowers on short pedicels. Fila-
ments subulate. Style short ; stigmas semicylindrical, revolute.
Capsule pedicellate : wings crested.
Procumbent Erycala. PI. procumbent.
37 E. cai'ita'ta (D. Don, mss.) stems simple, angular ; angles
winged ; leaves ovate, petiolate, mucronulate, nerveless ; flowers
in dense terminal fascicles, sessile ; calycine segments ovate,
keeled, mucronate, recurved, with scarious edges ; corolla
funnel-shaped, 10-lobed : the 5 accessory lobes very short, and
crenated : the other 5 ovate, mutic , capsule cuneated, crested
at top. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiana capitata, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 136. Gent, congesta andG. capitata, Royle, mss.
Roots fibry. Bracteas ovate, foliaceous, involucrating, sessile,
mucronate. Flowers size of those of Eurijlhalia campeslris ; pale
blue. Filaments capillary. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute.
Capilatc-^owereA Erycala. PI. | foot.
38 E. corona'ta (D. Don, mss.) plant depressed, tufted, almost
stemless ; leaves lanceolate, acute, obsoletely 3-nerved, sessile,
spreading, with cartilaginous edges ; flowers aggregate, sessile,
involucrated by lanceolate bracteas ; calycine teeth ovate,
mucronate, with scarious edges ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft,
crowned by a fringed ring ; segments nearly equal, ovate, mu-
cronulate. ©. H. Native of the Himalaiah, Royle. Gentiana
coronata, Royle, mss. Roots filiform, branched. Bracteas con-
nate at the base, membranous. Corolla longer than the calyx.
Filaments subulate. Anthers oblong. Ovarium sessile. Style
elongated. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute.
Cronmed-RoweieA Erycala. PI. 1 inch, tufted.
39. E. orbicula'ta ; stem tetragonal, paniculately branched
at top ; leaves roundish, pungently mucronate, recurved, with
thick cartilaginous edges ; flowers panicled, solitary, sessile, at
the tops of small branches ; calycine segments lanceolate, pun-
gently mucronate, as also the segments of the corolla ; accessary
segments of corolla small. Q. H. Native of East Indies.
Gentiana orbiculata, Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 4395.
Flowers small, blue. Habit of a species of Triptilion.
Orbicular-\ea\ed Erycala. PI. | to ^ foot.
Cult. The species are small alpine plants, bearing blue
flowers, which are large in comparison to the size of the plants.
They should be grown in small pots, well drained with sherds,
in rich light mould, or a mixture of peat, sand, and loam, and
placed among other alpine plants. They are either increased
by dividing at the root, or by seed, which should be sown as
soon as ripe. The annual kinds require the same treatment as
the perennial species.
XIV. PNEUMONA'NTHE (from Trvtvpwy, pneumon, the
lungs ; and avS-oc, anlhos, a flower : used in disorders of the
lungs.) Cord. hist. 1. p. 162. f. 2. Lob. icon. 309. Ger. emac.
438. Cyana Renealm. specim. 69. t. 63. — Gentiana species of
Lin. and others. Pneumonanthe species, Schmidt. Dasystephana
species, Borkh. in Roem. arch. Ciminalis species, Borkh. 1. c.
Lin. syst. Monadelphia Pentandria. Calyx 5-cleft. Co-
rolla companulate, or funnel-shaped ; 10-cleft, the 5 alternate
segments usually small, bifid, or fringed. Stamens 5 ; anthers
combined into a tube, or free; filaments flattened. Stigma 2-lobed
or bifid. Capsule 1-ceIled, 2 valved : seeds angular, oblong.
— Glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate. Flowers terminal,
solitary or crowded.
§ 1. Anthers combined. This s.ction contains the true species
of the genus.
1. P. acau'lis (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. c.) stems tetrago-
VOL. IV.
nal, 1 -flowered ; radical leaves crowded, imbricated; corolla
campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments obtuse, mucronate, having as
many small accessory segments. % . H. Native of the Alps
of middle Europe, as of Austria, Hungary, and France, as well
as of Siberia. Gentiana acaiilis, Lin. spec. p. 330. Frocl. gent,
p. 57. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1340. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 135, and
125. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1594. Curt. hot. mag. t. 52. Gen-
tiana grandiflora, Pers. cnch. 1. p. 285. Gentiana acaulis,
var. a, grandiflora. Lam. diet. 2. p. 637, no. 9. Ciminalis
acaulis, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26. Ciminalis longiflora,
Moench, meth. p. 514. Ciminalis grandiflora, Mayerhoft', fl.
mon. t. 37.— Schmidel, op. gesn. 2. p. 44. t. 27. f. 86.— Barrel,
icon. t. 37. Flowers very large, blue, 2 inches long, with 5
yellow marks inside. Stigma orbicular, finely crenulated. Cap-
sule semibifid. There are 5 melliferous tubercles at the base
of the ovarium. Leaves with cartilaginous margins.
Jar. ji, grandijlura (Lam. diet. 1. c.) plant very dwarf ; leaves)
1-nerved. 1^. H. Gentiana acaulis /3, Frcel. gent. 1. c. Thy-
lactites, Renealm, specim. p. 70. t. 68. f. 3.
far, y, caulescens (Lam. diet. 2. p. 638. no. 10.) corolla
oblong- campanulate, shorter than the stem ; cauline leaves
shorter than the internodes. If. . H. Frcel. gent. 1. c. exclusive
of the synonyme of Villars. Gentiana acaulis d. D. C. fl. fr.
no. 2770. — Barrel, icon. t. 106. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 6.
Var. S, angustijblia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 152.)
leaves oblong-linear, nerveless : corolla campanulate, exceeding
the stem. !(:. H. Gentiana angustifolia, Vill. dauph. 2. p.
526. no. 7. Gent, acaulis, Lin. and Willd. ex D. C. fl. fr. no.
2770. Pneumonanthe angustifolia, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1.
p. 14. no. 10. — Lob. icon. 310. — Barrel, icon. t. 110. f. 2.
Var. E, bijlora ; stem 2-flowered. 2/ . H. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 523.
Var. i,albijldra; corollas white, or nearly so. %. H. Seg.
pi. ver. 3. p. 91.
Var.ri, varicgala; leaves variegated.
Var. •?, Jiore-plcno ; corollas double.
(S'/fra/fjiCalathian violet. Fl. March, May. Britain. PI. i foot.
2 P. vulga'ris (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 8.)
stem tetragonal ; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse ; flowers ter-
minal and axillary, pedunculate ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft,
with acuminated segments. %. H. Native of Europe, from
Norway to Sicily, Caucasus and Siberia, in low, humid meadows.
In Britain, abundant in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, in boggy
parts of heaths. Found by Mr. Newtown between Clapham and
Engleton ; near Doncaster, by Mr. Tofield ; near Milthorp, in
Westmoreland, and in Lancashire, common ; near Tunbridge, in
Kent ; on Longfield Downs, near Gravesend ; near Greenhithe,
Cobham, &c. in Kent ; as well as at Lellingstone, and near
Dartford, &-c. Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Lin. spec. 330. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 20. Hall. helv. 641. Fl. dan. t. 269. Pall. ross.
2. p. 105. Bieb. fl. cauc. l.p. 196. Plenck. icon. t. 160.
Dreves and Hayne, 2. t. 7. Jaume, St. Hil. fasc. 42. t. 4. Gen-
ti;tna linearifolia, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 298. Ciminalis Pneumo-
nanthe, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26.. — Schmidel. op. gesn.
2. p. 50. t. 28. f. 91.— Barrel, icon. t. 51. f. 2. t. 52. f. 1-2.
and t. 122. f. 1. Gentiana Calathiana, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 524. f. 1.
Root fibrous. Stems simple, tetragonal. Corolla deep blue,
having the accessory segments small and green. At Barnaoul
a tall, large-flowered, broad-leaved variety occurs.
I'ar. ft; dwarf; leaves broader. %. H. Lam. diet. 2. p. 638.
Schmidel. in op. gesn. 2. p. 50. t. 26. f. 90. — Barrel, icon,
p. 51. right-hand figure.
Var. y ; leaves ovate, obtuse ; stems Ih foot high. %. H.
Frcel. gent. 44.
Var. S; stem usually 1 -flowered. 1/. H. Schmidel, op. gesn.
1. c. t. 28. f. 91.
Var. t; corollas white. If.. H. Froel. gent. p. 44.
C c
194
GENTIANE^. XIV. Pneumonanthe.
Var. Z, guttdta (Sims, bot. mag. 1101. Pall. ross. 2. p. 211.)
stems decumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse ; segments of
corolla dottetl inside.
Far. ri ; corollas 4-cleft, with bluntish segments ; accessory
ones subdenticulated ; leaves linear. %. H.
Var S), nscenrfCT" (Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 115. exclusive of the
synonymes), corollas 5-cleft, 5 -toothed, sessile ; leaves connate ;
linear-lanceolate; radical ones fasciculate. I^. H. Native of
Bohemia.
Common Calathian violet. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. Britain. PI.
i to 1 foot.
§ 2. Anthers free, incumhent or erect. The greater number of
the species contained in this section will be found probably to
agree better with the genus Ericala than with Pneumondnthe,
3 P. bicuspida'ta ; stems numerous, procumbent, terete,
leafy, 1 -flowered; leaves sessile, linear, obtuse; calycine seg-
ments linear, lanceolate, mucronulate ; corolla turbinately
campanulate, 10-cleft; the 5 accessory segments small, bicus-
pidate, and the other 5 roundish, mucronate. 1^. H. Native
of Mexico. Gentiana assurgens. Sesse, and Mocino. Habit of
P. vulgaris. Stem purplish, 1-3 flowered. Lower leaves
narrow-spatulate. Corolla blue. Filaments dilated. Anthers
oblong, incumbent ; cells loose at the base. Ovarium fusiform
Style very short ; stigmas semi-cylindrical, minutely papillose.
Bicuspidatc-^owered Calathian violet. PI. procumbent.
4 P. MicHAu'xii; stems terete; leaves linear-lanceolate, blunt-
ish ; terminal flowers in fascicles, axillary ones solitary, pedun-
culate ; corolla campanulate, with roundish segments, the acces-
sory ones small, and acutely unidentate. 2/. H. Native from
Canada to Pennsylvania, on high mountains, near the borders of
lakes and rivulets. Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 176. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 185. Gent,
pseudo-pneumonanthe, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 146.
Flowers large, dark blue.
M;c/«awa-'s Calathian violet. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. PI.
^ foot.
5 P. orna'ta ; root composed of thick fleshy branches ;
stems terete, simple, numerous, ascending, 1-flowered; leaves
lanceolate, obtuse, short, crowded, coriaceous; flowers solitary,
sessile ; calyx tubular, 5-cleft : segments obtuse, much like the
leaves, with wide recesses ; corolla funnel-shaped, with short,
triangular, acute segments, having as many small ones between
the larger ones. If.. H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosainsthan.
Gentiana ornata. Wall. cat. no. 4386. Corollas blue. Plant
with the habit of Pneumondnthe vulgaris.
Decked Calathian violet. PI. | foot.
6 P. TRiFLORA (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 15.)
stem terete ; leaves linear, obtuse : floral ones alternate, drawn
out ; flowers terminal, sessile, usually by threes ; corolla cam-
panulate, lO-cleft; the real segments sub-cordate, obtuse, slightly
serrulated: the accessary ones small. l^.H. Native of eastern
Siberia, in alpine meadows beyond the Baical. Gentiana triflora.
Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 105. t. 9,'j. f. 1. Froel. gent. p. 38. no. 12.
Dasystepliana triflora, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26. Superior
leaves nearly 3 inches long. Calyx subspathaceous, unequally
5-cleft ; segments linear, acute. Corollas pale blue.
Three-Jloivered Calathian violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1807.
PI. J foot.
7 P. adsce'ndens (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. I. c) stems
procumbent, tetragonal ; leaves linear ; radical ones elongated,
3-nerved ; terminal flowers usually by threes, sessile ; axillary ones
solitary, lower of these pedicellate ; calyx cleft on one side,
and 3-5-toothed on the other ; corolla campanulate, 10-cleft, with
broad acute segments: the 5 accessory ones very small and obtuse;
stigmas .acute. If. H. Native of Siberia, in dry, grassy,
mountainous places. Gentiana decumbens, Lin. suppl. 174.
Pall. ross. 2. p. 106. t. 94. Sims, bot. mag. t. 705. Froel.
gent. p. 43. no. 14. Gent. Pneumonanthe, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 103.
t. 51. f. A. exclusive of the synonymes. Dasystephana adscen-
dens, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26. Radical leaves longer
than the plant ; ex Lin. Corollas large, blue. According to the
figure in Bot. mag. the flowers are all pedunculate.
Var. a, Palldsii (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 281.) radical leaves nar-
rower, shorter ; stems ascending ; calyx 5-toothed, foliaceous.
%.H
Far. ft, Gebleri (Ledeb. 1. c.) radical leaves broader, longer ;
stem erect ; calyx spathaceous, nearly entire. Tf. . H. Gen-
tiana Gebleri, Led. act. soc. nat. mosc. 7. consp. gen. gent. nos.
9-10.
Far, y, adscendens; stems simple, decumbent. %. H.
Native of Siberia. Gentiana adscendens, Sims, bot. mag. t. 723.
Flowers blue.
Ascending-sierameA Calathian-violet. Fl. July. Clt. 1799.
PI. decumbent.
8 P. FRiGiDA (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 11. t. 2.
f. 2. Towns, trav. t. 13.) stems simple, tetragonal; leaves
linear-oblong, obtuse, nerveless ; flowers terminal, twin or tern,
sessile ; calyx tubular, 5-cleft, with linear-lanceolate, acutish
segments; corolla campanulate, 10-cleft; with lanceolate-ovate,
acute segments, which are rounded on one side ; the accessory
segments small and crenulated ? stigma orbicularly-capitate.
%. H. Native of Styria, on the Alps, and the Carpathian
mountains. Gentiiina frigida, Hsenke in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 13.
Wulf. in Roem. arch. 3. p. 341. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1337. Froel.
gent. p. 39.no. 13. with a figure. Wahl. carp. p. 72. Tratt.
fl. austr. fasc. 7. t. 1. Radical leaves crowded. Corolla white,
marked with fuscescent dots and stripes, or bluish. Stamens
blue.
Frigid Calathian violet. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot.
9 P. a'lgida (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10.) stems obsoletely
tetragonal, or nearly terete ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved ;
flowers terminal and lateral, pedicellate ; calyx tubular, with
linear segments; corolla campanulate, lO-cleft, with trigonal
segments ; the accessory ones small and serrated. 1^ . H.
Native of eastern Siberia, at the Jenessee, and the Baical,
&c. as well as of the islands of Kamtschatka, and St. Lawrence,
in humid places on the tops of mountains. Gentiana algida. Pall.
fl. ross. 2. p. 107. t. 95. Gent, frigida /3, Froel. gent. p. 3d.
no. 13. Dasystephana algida, Borkh. in Roem. arch. p. 26.
Gent, punctata var. Pall. itin. 3. append, p. 724. no. 82. t. L.
f. 2. which is Gent, punctata ft, Gmel. syst. 5. p. 460. Gent.
Romanzovii Led. in act. sol. mosc. 7 consp. gent. 1812. — Gmel.
sib. 4. p. 106. no. 75. Calyx purplish, membranous, cleft on one
side, tetragonal, with unequal segments. Corolla large, milk
coloured, inarked with bluish dots and stripes, and the limb of a
livid blue colour. This is said to be the same as Gentiana
frigida, by Cham, in Linnaea, 1. p. 174.
Var. ft, dwarfer ; corolla yellow, marked with blue spots.
2/.H. Froel. gent. p. 39.
^/g-?V^ Calathian violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1808. PI. i
to i foot.
10 P. GELIDA ; Stems ascending, tetragonal ; leaves lanceo-
late, 3-nerved; flowers axillary and terminal, aggregate: corolla
campanulate, with bluntish segments; the 5 accessory ones short,
and jagged. % . H. Native of Caucasus, particularly on moun-
tains above Gandcha. Gentiana gelida, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 196.
suppl. p. 188. Gent, alpina, Adams, Hoffin. hort. mosc. 1808.
no. 1487. Habit of G. frigida, or P. seplemfda. Flowers size
of those of G. frigida; cream-colour, or bluish.
GENTIANEiE. XIV. Pneumokanthe. XV. Glyphospermum.
195
Gelid Calathian-violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1807. PI.
^ foot.
IIP. sei'te'mfida (Sclimiilt, 1. c. no. 5.) stems tetragonal,
erect, simple ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, approximate, 3-
nervcd ; flowers terminal, 1-7, in a cluster ; corolla funnel-
shaped, 10 cleft, having the 5 regular segments roundish, niu-
cronate ; and the 5 accessory ones jagged ; calyx tubidar,
5 cleft. 'J/. H. Native of the mountains of Persia, near
the Caspian Sea ; and on the Chevson Alps, in Tauria, and
throughout Siberia, in alpine places. Calyx angled, angles
ending in lanceolate foliaceous segments. Corolla having the
tube almost cylindrical, widening upwards, of a greenish brown
colour outside, but dotted inside. Limb azure blue. Filaments
dilated in the middle.
Var. a, impttnclala; limb of corolla without any dots. 7/ . H.
Gentiana septemfida, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 101. t. 92. f. 13. Sims,
bot. mag. 1229. Froel. gent. p. 47. no. 16. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1333. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 195.
far. ft, punctala ; limb of corolla dotted. Tf., H. Sims,
bot. mag. 1410. Pneumonanthe septemfida, Schmidt, 1. c.
Eurythalia septemfida, Borkh.
.S'ei'cn-c/e/i!-flowered Calathian-violet. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1804. PI. I to U foot.
12 P. sapona'ria (Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 12.)
stem terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; flowers in
axillary and terminal fascicles, sessile ; corolla campanulately
ventricose, with 5 obtuse, entire segments, and 5 smaller acces-
sory fringed ones. 1/. H. Native from Canada to Carolina,
in low meadows and woods. Gentiana saponaria, Lin. spec.
330. Froel. gent. p. 32. no. 8. Sims, bot. mag. 1039. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1338. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 176. Pursh. fl.
sept. amer. 1. p. 185. Gent, fimbriata, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 47. —
Mor. hist. 3. p. 484. sect. 12. t. 5. f 4.— Plukn. aim. 186. f. 1.
Flowers crowded, fine blue. Segments of corolla broader than
long. Capsule fusiform. There is said by Froelich to be a
variety of this species collected in Carolina, with a slenderer
stem, and lanceolate, membranous, obtuse, 3-nerved leaves,
with only one terminal flower to each stem, and having the
accessory segments of corolla less toothed.
Socrpwort-like Calathian violet. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1776.
PI. 1-2 feet.
13 P. Catesb.e^i ; stem terete, minutely downy, and some-
what scabrous ; leaves short, elliptic-ovate, acute, with scabrous
edges; flowers terminal, fasciculate ; corolla lO-cleft, campanu-
late, somewhat ventricose or barrel-shaped ; the 5 regular seg-
ments acutisli, and the 5 accessory ones jagged. If.. H. Native
of North and South Carolina, in open grassy places. Gentiana
Catesbaa'i, Walt. fl. car. 109. Nutt. gen. amer. 6. p, 172. Ait.
hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 112. Gent, saponaria Andr.
bot. rep. t. 418. — Catesb. car. t. 70. Nearly allied to P.
saponaria. Flowers pale blue. Leaves sessile, rounded at the
base.
Catcsbijs Calathian violet. Fl. Aug. Sept, Clt. 1803. PI. J to
1 foot.
14 P. ocHROLEUCA ; Stem terete, smooth; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, smooth, 3 nerved; flowers disposed in sessile,
terminal fascicles ; corolla campanulately-ventricose, with 5
acute segments, and as many small, simple, acute, accessory
ones ; calycine segments longer than the tube of the corolla.
%. H. Native from Pennsylvania to Florida, in dry, sandy fields,
or gravelly hills. Gentiana ochrolerica, Froel. gent. p. 35. no. 9.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1338. Sims, bot. mag. 1551. Pursh, fl. sept,
amer. 1. p. 185. Gent, villosa, Lin. spec. 330. Frcel. gent. p.
86.no. 10. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1338. Gentiana saponaria, Walt,
fl. car. p. 109. Michx. fl. bor. amer. l.p. 176. Pneumonanthe
villosa, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 13. — Plukn. aim.
t. 186. f. 1. — Grov. vir. p. 145. Flowers yellowish-green out-
side, but blue and striped with purple inside. Capsule ovate.
CVeam-coloured flowered Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt.
1803. PI. 1 foot.
15 P. iNTERME^DiA ; Stems erect; leaves obovate-oblong,
3-nerved ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; calyxes foliaceous,
unequal; corolla ventricose, barrel-shaped, 10-cleft; the 5 acces-
sory segments small and simple, as in P. ochroleuca. %. H.
Native of Virginia. Gent, intermedia, Sims, bot. mag. 2303.
Corolla barrel-shaped, as in P. ochroleuca, P. saponaria, P.gelida,
P. frigida, &c. Accessory segments simple and bifid. Anthers
distinct. Calyx and corolla now and then 6-cleft. Corolla more
or less whitish green outside, changing more or less to violet,
internally streaked with violet.
Intermediate Calathian violet. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1820. PI.
i foot.
16 P. INCARNA^TA ; flowers aggregate, terminal, barrel-shaped,
with an unequally jagged border ; leaves oval ; petioles decur-
rent. %.\i. Native of North America. Gentiana incarnata,
Sims, bot. mag. 1856. Corolla pale blue at the base, limb
white, tinged with green. Nearly allied to P. saponaria and
P. ochroleuca, especially with the latter.
jF/eiA-coloured flowered Calathian violet. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1812.
PI. i foot.
Cult. The species of this genus are all handsome border
flowers ; and P. acaulis is well fitted for edgings to borders.
They all grow best in a peat border ; and are increased by divi-
sion of the root, and by seed. Some of the rarer species may
be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine plants.
XV. GLYPHOSPE'RMUM (from yXu^w, glypho, to en-
grave, and airt^jia, sperma, a seed ; seeds beset with excavated
dots). D. Don, mss. — Gentiana species, Ruiz et Pav. in herb.
Lamb.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx
5-cleft. Corolla tubular, with a 5-cleft limb and a naked throat.
Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla ; filaments alto-
gether adnate to the tube ; anthers incumbent ; cells loose at
the base, and diverging. Ovarium fusiform, compressed, 1 -celled,
2-valved ; style hardly any ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed ; lobes
very short, revolute, pruinose. Capsule membranous, 1 -celled,
dehiscing at apex, many seeded ; placentas 2, very narrow ;
seeds round, rust coloured, full of excavated dots, disposed in
a simple order. — Small, much branched, shrubs. Branches terete,
scabrous, from papillae. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate,
lanceolate, coriaceous, with serrulated margins. Flowers copious,
racemosely panided at the tops of the branches ; corollas small,
violaceous. Flowers sometimes smaller and female with the
rudiments of stamina; sometimes larger and hermaphrodite, on
distinct plants. This genus has the habit of Mitrasacme, with
scabrous branches.
1 G. viola'ceum (D. Don, mss.) branches scabrous from
papillse ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate. fj . S. Native of
Peru. Gentiana violacea, Ruiz et Pav. mss. ex herb. Lamb.
Calycine segments lanceolate, mucronate, 3-nerved. Corolla
twice longer than the calyx ; lobes roundish, crenulated.
r;o^aceo(a-flowered Glyphospermum. Shrub IJ foot.
2 G. orna'tum (D. Don, mss.) branches glabrous ; leaves
ovate-oblong, obtuse. ^ . S. Native of Peru, at Guayaquil,
Tafalla. Branches subtetragonal. Flowers larger than those
of the first species, violaceous ? Calycine segments ovate-
lanceolate. Corolla twice longer than the calyx : with flat,
roundish, quite entire lobes.
Decked Glyphospermum. Shrub I5 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tdchia, p. 1 97.
c c 2
196
GENTIANEiE. XVI. Selatium. XVII. Ulostoma. XVIII. Schultesia.
XVI. SELATIUM (from aeXac, selas, glittering: deep
colour of tlie flowers). D. Don, mss.— Gentiana, Ruiz et Pav.
in herb. Lamb.
Lin. syst. Pentandiia, Digyn'ia. Calyx semi-S-parted, mem-
branous, with linear, acute, flat; erect segments. Corolla
tubular, 5-lobed. StaiTiens 5, adnate to the base of the corolla ;
filaments dilated, flat, attenuated at apex ; anthers incumbent.
Ovarium fusiform, stipitate. Style very short ; stigma 2-lobed :
lobes flat, cuneate, dilated. Placentas 2 ; one-half shorter than
the ovaria. — Perennial plants. Leaves opposite, sessile, vemless,
with scabrous edges. Flowers terminal, subracemose, drooping.
1 S. cocciNEUM (D. Don, mss.) stems terete, ascending,
branched, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, veinless ; flowers
subracemose, drooping ; corolla twice longer than the calyx.
%. . F. Native of Peru. Gentiana coccinea, Ruiz et Pav. Leaves
hardly an inch long, with roughish edges. Calycine segments
ovate-lanceolate, acute. Corollas scarlet. Filaments channelled ;
anthers oblong. Ovarium oblong. Style hardly any.
^carto-flowered Selatium. PI. | to 1 foot.
2 S. FOLiosuM (D. Don, mss.) stem terete, simple, erect,
leafy; leaves linear, acute; calycine segments linear, acute,
erect, length of corolla; flowers terminal, fascicled, erect;
filaments flat, dilated. %.¥. Native of Peru, on the Cor-
dilleras. Stem the thickness of a writing-quill. Leaves crowded
in an interrupted manner, glabrous, 2 inches long, with scabrous
edges : radical ones aggregate. Lobes of corolla ovate, acute.
Pedicels bractless. Ovarium fusiform.
Leafy Selatium. PI. J foot.
3 S. assu'rgens (D. Don, mss.) stein assurgent, terete ;
leaves lanceolate, bluntish, 3-nervecl, with scabrous edges ;
flowers terminal, in heaps ; peduncles bibracteate ; corolla twice
the length of the calyx, with ovate-lanceolate segments. %. F.
Native ofGuayaquil. Stem thickness of a writing quill. Leaves
li to 2 inches long. Pedicels filiform. Corollas yellow.
Assurgent Selatium. PI. g foot.
4 S. THYnsoiuEA ; stem simple, strong ; leaves long, linear,
acute ; flowers aggregate, axillary, forming altogether a dense
raceme; corolla campanulate, hardly exceeding the calyx, i;. H.
F. Native of Peru, at Huay-Huay, near Pasco. Gentiana
thyrsoidea. Hook, bot. misc. 2. p. 227. Root fusiform. Stem
naked at top. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Flowers numerous.
Anthers obloni^, a little longer than the filaments. The plant
turns black on drying.
Tkyrsoid-{]oviere<\ Selatium. PI. 1 foot.
5 S. iNCu'iivuM ; stem naked at bottom and leafy at top ;
leaves elliptic, acute, 3-nerved ; flowers axillary, aggregate at the
top of the stem ; corolla obovate, twice as long as the calyx : with
obtuse incurved segments. 1/ . F. Native of Peru, along with
the preceding. Gentiana inciirva, Hook, bot. misc. 2. p. 228.
Corollas an inch long, yellow.
Incurved-Rowered Selatium. PI. ^ foot.
6 S. attenua'tum (D. Don. mss.) stem erect, terete; leaves
linear-lanceolate, acuminated, many-nerved; peduncles angular,
elongated, umbellate, bractless; calycine segments ovate-lanceo-
late ; corolla tubular : lobes roundish ; seeds roundish. "if. . F.
Native of Peru. Leaves li to 2 inches long, with scabrous
edges. Pedicels slender, 4 to 5 together, in an umbel. Filaments
dilated, channelled. Ovarium oblong. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed,
pruinose.
Attenuated Selatium. PI. 1 foot.
7 S. DiFFu'suM (D. Don, mss.) stem filiform, branched, dif-
fuse, terete ; leaves lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, attenuated at
the base, petiolate ; peduncles usually by threes, angular, ter-
minal ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, acute ; corolla
rotate: with oblong, obovate, mucronate segments. 1/ . F. Native
of Peru, at Talcahuano. Root fusiform. Leaves subpetiolate,
with scabrous edges. Filaments subulate. Anthers and ovarium
oblong. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed, pruinose.
Diffuse Selatium. PI. ^ foot.
8 S. MULTicAULis (D. Don, mss.) stems numerous, ascending,
tufted, filiform ; radical leaves petiolate, spatulate : cauline ones
linear-lanceolate, acutish ; peduncles usually solitary, terminal ;
calyx turbinate : with lanceolate, mucronate segments ; corolla
funnel-shaped, deeply 5-cleft : lobes elliptic, obtuse, connivent.
1/. F. Native of Peru, Ruiz et Pav. Root long. Plant tufted.
Radical leaves crowded, all scabrous on the edges. Corolla pale
lilac, twice longer than the calyx. Filaments dilated at bottom.
Ovarium fusiform ; stigma sessile, 2-lobed.
Many-stemmed Selatium. PI. tufted.
Cull. For cidture and propagation see Eudoxia, p. 202.
XVII. ULO'STOMA (meaning unknown to us) D. Don.
mss. — Gentiana species, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted : with
ovate-lanceolate, acute segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, twice
longer than the calyx ; limb 5-parted ; tube bearded with long
hairs inside. Stamens 5 ; filaments dilated, attenuated at the
apex ; anthers incumbent. Ovarium fusiform. Stigma sessile,
2-lobed. — A perennial, herbaceous, tufied plant. Stems leafy,
terete, erect. Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, linear-lan-
ceolate, acute, obscurely 3-nerved, with scabrous margins;
radical on^ aggregate. Flowers umbellate, white. ?
1 U. filament6sa (D. Don, mss.) %. F. Native of Peru.
Tlircady Ulostoma. PI. tufted, i foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Eudoxia, p. 202.
XVIII. SCHULTE'SIA (named in honour of Joseph Augustus
Schuhes, M.D. Professor of Botany at Landshut ; author of
Systema Vegetabilium.) Mart. nov. gen. 2. p. 103.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 4-cleft,
4-winged ; wings running out into erect subulate segments.
Corolla salver-shaped ; with an equal tube, a quadrifid limb, and
naked tiiroat. Stamens 4 ; filaments filiform : anthers erect,
unchangeable in the dried state. Stigma bilaniellate. Capsule
1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ; seeds small, angular. —
Slender, glabrous herbs. Stems tetragonal, simple or forked.
Leaves sessile, opposite, decussate, lanceolate or linear. Flowers
terminal, or in the forks. Pedicels continuous with the calyx.
Corollas fine rose-coloured or yellow.
1 S. crenuufeora (Mart. 1. c. p. 104. t. 180.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; flowers nearly sessile ;
wings of calyx broad, half-ovate ; segments of corolla nearly
orbicular, finely crenulated. O- S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Bahia, in alpine, schistous places, near Villa do Rio
de Contas. Corolla fine yellow, an inch long. Branches 1 -Si-
flowered.
Notch-jlowered ^c\\\.\\t.e?\a. PI. 1 j foot.
2 S. gra'cilis (Mart. 1. c. p. 105. t. 181.) stem straight,
simple, or simply branched ; leaves thin, erectish, acute : lower
ones ovate-lanceolate : upper ones narrow-lanceolate ; flowers
solitary, on long peduncles, erect or drooping ; wings of calyx
narrow; seginents of corolla almost square, spreading. ©. S.
Native of Brazil, in the inine provinces, in mountain fields. Co-
rolla rose-coloured ; tube yellowish at the base.
Slender Schidtesia. PI. i to 1 foot.
3 S. Auble'tii ; stem straight, simple, or a little branched ;
leaves lanceolate, attenuated, the lower ones shorter and acute ;
flowers solitary, terminal or axillary, on short peduncles ; wings
of calyx broad ; segments of corolla obtuse, undulated, crenu-
lated. O . S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne, Maranham, Trinidad, &c.
E'xacum Guianense, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 16. Aubl. guian. 1. p.
GENTIANE^. XIX. Callopisma. XX. Taciiia. XXI. Prepusa.
197
68. t. 26. f. 1. Sebc-c'a Guianensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 426.
Flowers pale red. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds minute.
Aublcl's Schultesia. PI. ^ to i foot.
4 8. stenophy'lla (Mart. 1. c. p. 106. t. 1S2.) stem straight,
simple or dicliotomous ; leaves lauceolate or linear, spreading ;
flowers erect, bifoliate at the base ; wings of calyx narrow ;
segments of corolla, short, broad-ovate. ©. S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Pianhia, in moist meadows ; and in
like places, in the island of Cuba ; and of Mexico, on the burn-
ing mount Jorullo. Erythra;\a Jorullensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. S. p. 177. E'xacum Cubense, Poepp. enum. pi.
cub. cxsic Sebae~a Jorullensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 426. Stem 1-
3-flowered, when 3 the middle flower is sessile. Corolla rose-
coloured ; or of a rose-purple colour.
A'nr)'07t'-/cnyfrf Schultesia. PI. \ to l|foot.
Cult. Tiie seeds of this species should be sown in pots in a
mixture of gravel and peat, placing the pots in pans of water,
and the plants afterwards thinned if too numerous.
XIX. CALLOPFSMA (from kuWoq, kallos, beauty; in
reference to the beauty of the species.) Mart. nov. gen. bras.
2. p. 107. — Deianira Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 196.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Afonogijnia. Calyx campanulate,
4-parted ; segments keeled. Corolla salver-shaped : with an
equal cylindrical tube ; a 4-parted limb ; and a naked throat.
Stamens 4 ; filaments subulate ; anthers straight, birimose,
opening by a double pore at the apex. Stigma" exserted,
2-lobed. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved, many -seeded ; seeds
small, oblong, or angular Glabrous, glaucous, almost simple
herbs. Stems straight, terete. Leaves sessile or perfoliate, o])po-
site, decussate, with pellucid margins : lower and upper ones the
smallest, those under the inflorescence very short ; inflorescence
paniculately corymbose. Peduncles furnished with opposite
bracteas. Corollas rose-coloured or white.
1 C. perfolia'tum (Mart. 1. c. p. 108. t. 183) stems simple;
leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, perfoliate and connate. %. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, and Minas
Geraes, in elevated fields, at the altitude of from 1400 to 3000
feet. Corollas sometimes rose-coloured, and sometimes white.
Radical leaves 5-nerved.
Jar. a. aiigiistijulia (Mart. 1. c.) plant smaller, slenderer;
leaves lanceolate, acutcr. Tf . S. Deianira erubescens, Schlecht.
in Linnsca, 1. p 196.
Jar. /3, lalifolia (Mart. 1. c.) larger, more robust ; leaves
ovate, often obtuse. If. S. Deianira pallescens, Schlecht, 1. c.
Perfoliate Callopisma. PI. 5 to 1 ' foot.
2 C. AMPLEXiFOLiuM (Mart. 1. c. p. 109.) stem simple or
branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, or narrow-oblong, sessile or
half stem-clasping at the base. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil, in the
provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, along with the preceding
species. Deianira nervosa, Schlecht, in LinnEea, 1. p. 197. Co-
rollas rose-coloured, larger than those of the preceding. Leaves
2^ inches long.
Clasjnng-leaved Callopisma. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tachia below.
XX. TA'CHIA {Tachi is the Guiana name of the first spe-
cies, which name is said to mean an ants' nest ; the trunk
and branches are usually full of ants.) Aubl. 1. p. 15. Juss. gen.
142. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 118. — Myrmecia, Schreb.
gen. no. 177. Lisianthus, Sal. par. under no. 34.
Lin. syst. Pentandr'ta, J\Ionngijnia. Calyx tubular, 5-angled,
5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped : with a 5-cleft limb, and a
wide naked tliroat. Stamens 5, exserted, reclinate ; anthers
oblong-sagittate, unchanged by drying. Stigma exserted, small,
roundish, bilamellate. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved, tumid ;
margins of valves bent into the central placenta, many-seeded ;
seeds small, viscid. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite; petioles
combined at the base into a sheath. Flowers lateral, axillary
and terminal, yellowish, large.
1 T. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 75. t. 29. Mart. nov.
gen. bras. 2. p. 119.) shrubby, glabrous; branches tetragonal ;
leaves oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base ; flowers
axillary, solitary, sessile ; segments of corolla acute, rcvolute.
I2 . S. Native of Guiana; and of Brazil, in the province of
Rio Negro, in moist woods, at the river Japma. Myrmecia
Tachia, Gmel. syst. 247. Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 163.
Leaves 8 inches long, and 2-3 broad. Corollas yellow. The
natives use the root, which is bitter, as a febrifuge. There are
drops of a yellow pellucid gum from the axils of the leaves, be-
neath the flowers.
Guiana Tachia. Shrub 5-6 feet.
2 T. i.oNGiFOLiA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 118. in a note.)
shrubby, downy; branches fastigiate, tetragonal; leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute, downy ; flowers on short, axillary, and
terminal pedicels ; segments of corolla ovate- lanceolate, acute.
I^ . S. Native of Jamaica, in woods. Lisianthus longifolius,
Lin. syst. 197. Lam. ill. t. 107. f. I.— Browne, jam. p. 137. t.
9. f 1. — Sloan, jam. p. 58. hist. 1. p. 157. t. 101. f. 1. Leaves
tapering into short petioles. Corollas yellow.
Long-leaved Tachia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1-
2 feet.
3 T. coRDiFOLiA (Mart. 1. c.) leaves cordate ; flowers termi-
nal, solitary or twin ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute. ^.
S. Native of Jamaica. Lisianthus cordifolius, Lin. syst. 193.
mant. 43.^ — Browne, jam. p. 157. 2. t. 9. f. 2. Flowers yellow.
P. Browne remarks that this plant may be deemed a variation of
T. longijhlia, they being so much alike in habit, the form of the
leaves is almost the only difference ; that they are always cor-
date, the upper ones only being ovate and sessile ; the corollas
are also rather larger.
Heart-leaved '\\ch\i. Fl. ? Clt. 1816. Shrub 2-3 feet.
4 T. SwA RTZii ; shrubby, glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves on long petioles, lanceolate, acute at the base, and acumi-
nated at the apex ; peduncles trichotomously corymbose, axil-
lary ; segiTients of corolla ovate, acute, erect ; stamens much ex-
serted. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, on the blue mountains.
Lisianthus exsertus, Swartz. prod. p. 40. fl. prod. occ. 1. p. 346.
Corollas yellow.
Swartz sTach\a. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 10 feet.
Cult. These are elegant shrubs when in blossom. They
will grow freely in a mixture of peat and sand, mixed with a
little loam ; and cuttings strike root readily in sand under a
hand-glass, in heat. The species are difficult to keep through
the winter in this country, being very apt to damp off"; but
to prevent this, as much as possible, they should be kept rather
dry in damp weather.
XXI. PREPU'SA (from Trpnrovira, prepousa, conspicuous :
beauty of plant.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 120.
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Alonogijnia. Calyx large, campanu-
late, 6-winged, 6-cleft, coloured. Corolla campanulate, 6-cleft,
with a swoln tube, and a naked throat. Stamens 6, and as if
they were emerging from a duplicature oi' the corolla. Stigma
bilamellate. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ; margins
of valves inflexed, placentiferous ; seeds nearly globose, many
sided — An erect shrub, with fastigiate branches. Leaves oppo-
site, decussate, crowded at the tops of the branches. Racemes
tcniiinal, leafy. Flowers showy.
1 P. monta'na (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 121. t. 190.)
leaves obovate, emarginate ; branches obsoletely tetragonal at
198
GENTIANE^. XXII. Oethostemon. XXIII. Ciiloea. XXIV. HipnoN. XXV. Canscora.
tops ; corolla 4 times higher than the calyx. tj . S. Native
of Brazil. Calyx of a yellow straw colour.
Mountain Prepusa. Shrub 8-10 feet.
Cult. See Taclua, p. 197, for culture and propagation.
XXII. ORTHOSTE'MON (from op^oQ, orthos, straight ; and
tTTri/jwy, stemon, a stamen ; stamens equal.) R. Br. prod. p.
451.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Digynia. Calyx tubular, 4-toothed.
Corolla with a short, 4-parted limb, and a naked throat, niar-
cescent. Stamens equal, exserted ; anthers dehiscing length-
wise, mutic at top, straight in the aged state. Stigmas 2,
roundish. — A flaccid herb; with broadish leaves, and terminal
flowers. This is an intermediate genus between Canscora, Lam.
the Centaurium, Borkh, and Erylhraa, but diff^ers from them, in
the limb of the corolla, and equal stamens, and in the anthers
being straight, and the flowers being tetramerous.
1 O. eke'ctum (R. Br. 1. c ) stem straight; leaves broad-
ovate, 3-nerved ; lower ones petiolate ; peduncles sub-corym-
bose ; teeth of calyx hardly exceeding the tube of the corolla.
©. ? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. E'xacum
erectum, Roth, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 425. Habit of Plddera
virgata.
Erect Orthostemon. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Canscora, p. 199.
XXIII. CHLO'RA (from yXwpoQ, chloros, pale ; because the
flowers are of a pale yellow colour.) Renealm, specim. p. 80.
t. 7C. Schreb. gen. p. 653. Juss. gen. 142. Adans. fam. p.
503. Lam. ill. t. 296. Rchb. icon. 3. t. 206-209. and 5. p.
412. — Blackstonia, Huds. angl. ed. 1st. p. 146.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 8 narrow,
spreading segments, rarely of 6. Corolla salver-shaped : tube
shorter than the calyx, inclosing the ovarium ; limb of 8, rarely
of 6 deep equal segments. Stamens 8, rarely 6, shorter from the
mouth of the tube ; anthers linear, erect. Style erect, filiform ;
stigmas 2, cloven, ovate-oblong. Capsule ovate, with a furrow
along each side, invested with the large membranous tube of the
corolla, 1-celled, 2-valved ; with inflexed edges. Seeds nume-
rous, angular, minutely granulated, inserted in many rows along
the inflexed margins of the valves. — Herbaceous, annual, smooth,
glaucous, very bitter plants. Leaves opposite, sessile, or perfoliate,
entire. Flowers terminal, stalked, aggregate or solitary, yellow.
1 C. perfolia'ta (Lin. syst. 361.) glaucous; leaves perfo-
liate ; stem dichotomous, cylindrical ; flowers corymbose, with a
flower in each fork, ©. H. Native of Europe, in many places ;
in Britain, in chalky pastures or banks, and limestone and clay
soils. Smith, engl. bot. t. 60. Hook. fl. loud. i. 2. Gen-
tiana perfoliata, Lin. spec. 335. Sabbat, hort. t. 100. — Mor.
hist. 2. p. 565. sect. 5. t. 26. f. 1-2. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 355, with
a figure.— Park, theatr. 273. 7. f. 272. 7.— Column, ecphr. 2.
p. 78. — Cam. epit. p. 427. Root leaves oval, sessile, rosulate,
the lower stem ones oval-lanceolate, the rest perfoliate. Flowers
in a corymb of 2 forks, with a pedicillate flower in each fork.
Calycine segments 8-10. Corolla golden yellow ; segments
sometimes 9, slightly emarginate. Stamens 6-9-10. Stigmas
2, shaped like a horse-shoe. Haller affirms that this plant is
more bitter than the Erythrce'a Centaurium, and that it seems to
possess the same qualities.
Per/b^(«<(;-leaved, or Common Yellow-Wort. Fl. July, Auo-.
Britain. PI. ^ to 3 feet.
2 C. imperfolia'ta (Lin. syst. 362. suppl. 218.) green;
stem simple, tetragonal ; leaves sessile, somewhat stem-claspino-,
ovate, acute ; flowers terminal ; calyx bifid beyond the middle,
bell-shaped, length of the tube of the corolla ; limb of corolla 6-
cleft. O. H. Native of the extreme parts of Italy, Chi.
12
diibia, Lam. ill. t. 296. f. 2. Segments of corolla oval. Anthers
roundish beyond the tube. Stigmas 2, obtuse. Corolla deep
yellow.
Imperfuliate-\evi.\c<\. Yellow-wort. Fl, June, July. Clt. 1823.
PI. 1 foot.
3 C. quadrifolia (Lin. syst. 362.) stem simple, slightly
tetragonal, jointed ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, a little
broader towards the ends, bluntish, length of internodes ; flowers
8-cleft. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, where it was
found by Alstroemer. Peduncles terminal, 5 together, each
having 2 small, opposite, bracteas in the middle, and at the top 3
pedicellate flowers. Corolla yellow. Segments of corolla nar-
rower than in Clilurn perjolidta. Said to be a hybrid between
Oilbra perjulidta and Llnum quadrijolium.
Four-leaved Yellow-wort. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. All the species are beautiful, and may be easily propa-
gated from seeds, and require only common care in the cultiva-
tion. They do not seem to thrive in the open border, although
they succeed very well in pots.
XXIV. HI'PPION (iTTTrof, hippos, a horse; and tor, ion, a
violet; horse violet.) Spreng. svst. 1. p. 505. gen. 1. p. 143.
(1824.) E'xacum species. Smith. Gentiana species. Plum,
icon. t. 24.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
viscid, 5 -cleft ; segments blunt, with membranous edges. Co-
rolla salver-shaped ; tube twice as long as the calyx, swelling at
the base, and becoming ovate, where it is filled with the increasing
ovarium, contracted at the orifice ; limb 5-cleft, spreading, length
of tube; segments obovate. Stamens 5, exserted, half as long as
the border ; filaments inserted in the orifice of the tube, leaning
to the upper side of the flower, incurved at the apex ; anthers
incumbent, bifid at the base, remaining unchanged . Style declinate,
glabrous. Stigma capitate, slightly cloven, — An erect, shrubby, gla-
brous, branched plant. Stem terete ; branches slightly quad-
rangular. Leaves opposite, decussate, 5-nerved, reticulated,
with veins, green, sessile, dilated into a cordate base. Pani-
cles terminal, erect, trichotomously divided, many -flowered ;
pedicels terete, 1 -flowered. Bracteas 2, at each division of the
panicle, as well as 2 under each flower, formed like the leaves,
but smaller, nerved. Flowers of an elegant golden colour,
slightly drooping, of the size of those of Chlbra perfoliata.
Calyx and corolla clammy.
1 H. viscosuM (Spreng. syst, 1. p. 589,) $ . G, Native of
the Canary Islands. E'xacum viscisum. Smith, icon. rar. t. 18.
Gentiana viscosa, Ait. hort. kew. 1, p, 321. Sims, bot. mag. 2135.
C/aramy Hippion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. PI. 1-2 feet.
Cult. This plant grows well in a mixture of peat and sand,
and a very little loam. It is only to be increased by seeds,
which ripen plentifully in our gardens.
XXV. CANSCO'RA (Kansjan-cora is the Malabar name of
C. perfoliata.) Lam. diet. 1 . p. 601. Pladera, Solander, mss.
Roxb. fl. ind. I. p. 416. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 89, Spreng.
gen. 1. p. 84. — Centaiirum, Borkh. in Rocm. arch. 1. p. 28. —
Hoppea, Willd. Hayne, term. t. 30. f. 3.
Lin. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubidar, cylin-
drical or quadrangular, 4-toothed, with a contracted mouth.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-cleft, unequal limb ; the 2
upper segments equal, 2 lower ones combined a greater distance.
Stamens 4 ; the 3 longest inserted in the mouth of the tube,
the fourth just below the recess which separates the 2 lower
segments. Filaments capillary. Anthers remaining unchanged,
oblong, linear, erect. Style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed : lobes
obovate, revolute, minutely papillose above. Capsule cylindri-
GENTIANEiE. XXV. Canscora. XXVI. Vohiria.
199
cal, 1-celled, S-valved. Seeds numerous, small, angular, inserted
on the inflexed margins of the valves. — Small, erect, simple or
branched, annual plants, stems and branches tetragonal. Leaves
opposite, decussate, sessile. Flowers terminal or a.xillary, the
terminal ones trichotomous, and the axillary ones solitary.
1 C. SESsiLi FLORA (Schultcs, syst. 3. p. aOl. Wall. cat. no.
4367.) erect ; stem and branches 4-sided ; angles winged ;
leaves ovate, sessile, 3-nerved ; flowers solitary, sessile, in ti.e
forks of the branches ; capsule sub-cylindrical, nearly as lon^ as
the calyx. 0. S. Native of Coromandel and Bengal ; appear-
ing in moist pastures, during the rains, and first part of the cool
season. Pladera sessiliflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 416. E'xacum
heteroclitum, Willd. spec. 1. p. G39. Gentiana heteroclita,
Lin. syst. p. 270. mant. 560. Centaurium heteroclitum, Borkh.
in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 28. Chironia brachiata, Willd. herb.
Largest leaves an inch long. Flowers small, pale red. Teeth
of calyx acute. Tiie 2 upper segments of the corolla oblong.
Lobes of stigma obovate, thin.
Sessile-flowered Canscora. PI. | foot.
2 C. Schulte'sii (Wall. cat. no. 4368.) stem branched from
the base, and are, as well as the branches, tetragonally winged ;
radical leaves obtuse, few, rosulate ; cauline leaves small,
subulate, opposite, scale-formed ; bracteas large, imbricate,
ovate, ending in a hair-like point ; calyx large ; flowers sessile,
in axils of the bracteas, spicate. 0. S. Native of the Bur-
mese Empire, at Pronie. Pladera pulchella, Wall. mss. Flowers
beautiful red. This is a very remarkable species, with the habit
of a species oi Elytrarla.
SchuUes's Canscora. PI. 1 foot.
3 C. DiFFu'sA (R. Br. prod. p. 451.) erect; stem and
branches tetragonal, filiform ; lower branches opposite ; upper
ones alternate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, 3-nerved, acute ;
lower ones petiolate ; flowers terminal, somewhat panicled,
pedicellate; calyx tubular, wingless. ©. S. Native of the
East Indies, growing on the banks of water courses, and on low
fallow lands. Pladera virgata, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 471. Cham,
et Schlecht, in Linnasa, 1. p. 198. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
89. t. 25. E'xacum diffusum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 637. Gentiana
diffusa, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 47. Flemingia viruata, Roxb. herb.
Pladera muralis, herb. Hamilt. Canscora tenella, Wall. cat. no.
4361. E'xacum tenellum, herb. Mad. Centhera of the Tamuls.
Flowers small, rose-coloured. The 2 upper segments of the
limbof the corolla equal, orbicular ; segments of stigma recurved.
Dijfuse Canscora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 C. FOLiosA (D. Don. mss.) stem tetragonal, but not winged ;
leaves lanceolate, sessile ; calyx tubular : with elongated, seta-
ceous teeth. 0. H. Native of Nipaul, Royle. Stem 3 inches
high. Radical leaves large, spreading.
Leafy Canscora. PI. \ foot.
5 C. decussa'ta (Wall. cat. no. 4364.) erect; stem and
branches 4-winged, the latter cross-armed ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, 3-nerved, sessile ; terminal peduncles, trichotomous ;
flowers pedicellate; axillary ones solitary. 0. S. Native
along with C. diffusa, which it very much resembles ; but is
a little more robust, and seldom so high. Pladera decussata,
Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 418. Flemingia decussata, Roxb. herb.
E'xacum alatum. Roth. nov. spec. It is called in Bengalese,
Dunkvni. Flowers larger than those of C. diffusa, white. Pe-
duncles 4-sided, like the stem and branches. Calyx 4-sIded,
and 4-wiiiged, inflated. Corolla and stamens exactly as in
C. diffusa.
Decussate Canscora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1
foot.
6 C. terfoi.ia'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 601. Wall. cat. no. 4.'365.)
erect; stem and branches 4-winged ; cauline leaves lanceolate,
3-nerved : floral ones, or bracteas, perfoliate ; flowers terminal,
pedicellate; calyx striated ; capsule oblong. 0. S. Native of
India, wlicre it delights in low moist soils. Pladera perfoliata,
Roxb. fl. ind 1. p. 418. Kansjan-Cora, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 103.
t. 52. Flowers rather large, pale rose-coloured. Corolla sub-
bilabiate ; limb of upper lip largest, and deeply 2-parted ; the
lower one also consisting of 2 lobes, but smaller.
Perfoliate Canscora. PI. 1^ foot.
7 C. ala'ta (Roth, ex Wall. cat. no. 4363.) glabrous, erect;
stem and branches tetragonally winged; leaves sessile, 3-5-
nerved, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; wings of calyx very broad ;
bracteas roundish, peltate, perfoliate under the peduncles and
pedicels. 0. H. Native of the East Indies. E'xacum alatum,
Ileyne, herb. Flowers solitary, or by threes.
Wingcd-ca]yxed Canscora. PI. 1-2 feet.
8 C. pusi'lla (Schultes, syst. 3. p. 301. Wall. cat. no. 4366.)
erect; stem and branches tetragonal, the latter cross-armed;
leaves sessile, sub-cordate ; flowers terminal, sessile, by threes,
monandrous; corolla hid in the calyx ; capsule globular. 0.
S. Native of the coast of Coromandel. Pladera pusilla, Roxb.
fl. ind. 1. p. 419. Hopea dichotoma, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 3.
E'.\acum sessile, Willd. spec. 1. p. 635. Leaves minute.
Flowers small, yellow. Calyx sub-cylindrical. Corolla with
the tube a little gibbous, and the border 4-toothed. Stamens 4,
3 of which bear minute, abortive anthers, the fourth a large, fer-
tile one.
Least Canscora. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
Cult. For culture and propagation see E'xacum, p. 213.
XXVI. VOHI'RIA (Voyriaisthe Guiana name of one of the
species.) Juss. gen. 141. Lam. ill. 109. Voyria, Aubl. guian.
1. p. 209. t. 83. — Lita, Schreb. gen. 1734.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monngijr.ia. Calyx short, turbinate,
5-cleft, furnished with 2-3 scales at the base. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a long, cylindrical tube, which is tumid at the base
and apex, and a 5-cleft limb. Anthers 5, almost sessile, in the
throat of the tube of the corolla. Stigma capitate, simple.
Capsule oblong, 2-valved, 1-celled ; margins of valves seminife-
rous. Seeds scrobiculate. — Gregarious plants, parasitical on
the decayed roots of trees. Roots composed of ihickish, white,
fleshy fibres. Stems erect, flexuous, almost leafless, terete, ar-
ticulated or nodose ; scaly at the base ; with 2 small, opposite
scales at each joint of the stem.
1 V. rosea (Aubl. guian. l.p. 209. t. 83. f. 1.) flowers twin;
segments of corolla ovate, acute ; tube ventricose at top. y. . S.
Native of Guiana, in woods, at the roots of trees. Lam. ill. t.
109. Lita rosea, Willd. spec. l.p. 1017. Root tuberous. Stem 3-
4-5-cleft, with 2 opposite, fleshy, elliptic, acuminated scales at
each joint. Corolla rose-coloured. Stem twice bifid.
/fose-coloured-flowered Vohiria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. i foot.
2 V. cceru'lea CAubl. guian. 1. p. 211. t. 83. f. 2.) flowers
twin ; segments of corolla roundish ; tube dilated at top. ■y. . S.
Native of Guiana, in woods, at the roots of trees. Lam. ill. p.
491. Lita coerulea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1071. Scales at the
joints of the stem more leaf-like, and more ovate, than in the
preceding, and nearly imbricated ; and the segments of the
corolla narrower. Flowers purplish, blue. Stem multifid.
i}/«e-flowered Vohiria. PI. \ foot.
3 V. spathVcea (Lam. ill. no. 2249. diet. 8. p. 771.) stem
many-flowered; bracteas sub-spathaceous ; throat of tube fun-
nel-shaped ; segments oblong. Ti.. S. Native of Guiana.
Lita spathacea, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 581. Nearly allied to /.
ccerulea. Stems ascending, simple, a little furrowed ; turmshed
with 2 opposite, ovate, acute, scale-formed leaves at each jomt.
Flowers terminal, approximate, probably blue.
200
GENTIANEiE. XXVII. Leiphaimos. XXVIII. Enicostema. XXIX. Crawfurdia.
Spathaceous-hractead Voliiria. PI. 5 foot.
4 V. BREViFLORA (Lam. ill. no. 2550. diet. 8. p. 771.) stem
usually 3-tiowered ; tube of corolla 3 times longer than the
calyx ; segments linear, acute, short. 1/ . S. Native of
Guiana. Lita breviflora, Spreng, syst. 1. p. 581. Stem simple.
Scales or leaves ovate, acute, remote. Corolla yellow.
Shorl-Jlowered Vohiria. PI. \ foot.
5 V. uniflora (Lam. ill. no. 2251. Pers.syn. 1. p. 284.) stem
1 -flowered ; corolla with a very long tube, and ovate-acute seg-
ments. If. . S. Native of Martinique, and St. Vincent, among
moss, at the roots of decayed trees. V. aphy'Ua, Hook. hot.
misc. 1. p. 46. t. 25. f. A. Gentiana aphylla, Jacq. amer. p. 87.
t. 60. f. 3. Pers. ench. 1. p. 284. Lam. diet. 2. p. 642. E'xa-
cum aphy'llum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 638. Lita aphylla, Dietr.
gart. lex. 5. p. 531. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 581. -Plum. spec. 9.
Hoot white, fascicled. Stem straw-coloured. Leaves or scales
small, remote. Flowers large, for the size of the plant, yellow.
0)ie-Jiomcicd Vohiria. PI. \ foot.
6 V. tene'lla (Guilding, mss. in Hook. hot. misc. 1. p. 47.
t. 25. f. B.) stem 1-flowered ; corolla with a short tube, and
linear-lanceolate segments. 1] . S. Native of St. Vincent, on
mount St. Andre, in humid places, at the roots of decayed trees.
.Seeds furnished with long aril, as in the seeds of Orchideous
plants. Leaves or scales small, remote.
Slender Vohiria. PI. j foot.
Cult. Uncultivatable, epiphytical plants.
XXVII. LEIPHAFMOS (from \aoc, leios, smooth ; and
(jidiog, pluiius, brown ; this plant is smooth and of a brown
colour.) Schlecht, et Cham, in Linneea, 6. p. 387.
LiN. SYST. Penlundria, JMonogijnia. Calyx small, 5-parted
to the middle ; segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla tubularly-
funnel-shaped, inareescent, 5-cleft ; segments of the limb short,
ovate-triangular, very acute. Anthers 5, sagittate, on very
short filaments. Ovarium lanceolate, tapering into the style.
Stigma somewhat peltate, sub-bilabiate. Caj)sule lanceolate-
elliptic, shorter than the tube of the corolla, 1 -celled, 2-valved ;
valves villous inside at the margins, dehiscing in the middle.
Seeds scobiform, very slender, minute, numerous, straw-co-
loured, appearing like congeries of hairs, when the capsule is
open. — A parasitical, leafless herb, of the colour of liipopitys
(in place of leaves there are triangular, acute, erect, adpressed,
membranous scales), with the habit and inflorescence of Ery-
llircea.
1 L. PARASITICA (Schlecht, et Cham. 1. c.) 1/ . ? S. Native
of Mexico, growing on rotten trees, in woods, at Papantla.
Plant about 3 inches high when in flower, and when in fruiu
about 6 inches high. Stem simple, terminated by cyniose in-
florescence.
Parasitieal Leiphairr.os. PI. 5 to | foot.
Cult. Plant not cultivatable.
XXVIII. ENICOSTE'MA (from emoc, enikos, singular;
and arrifiov, stemoii, a stamen ; in reference to the arched fila-
ments.) Blum, bijdr. p. 848.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, un-
equally 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, equal. Stamens
5, inclosed ; filaments dilately-fornicated. Style shorter than
the stamens ; stigma capitate, sub-emarginate. Capsule ob-
long, 1-celled, 2-valved ; valves inflexed on both margins.
Seeds numerous, scrobiculate.- A plant with opposite, linear-
lanceolate, 3-nerved, stem-clasping leaves, and axillary heads of
flowers.
1 E. litiora'le (Blum, bijdr. p. 848.) o;.? S. Native of
Java, on the shore, near Pamanukan, in the province of
Krawang.
Sea-shore Enicostema. Fl. Aug. Sept. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see H'qipion, p. 198.
XXIX. CRAWFU'RDIA (named by Dr. Wallich, in honour
of John Crawfurd, formerly governor of the island of Singapore ;
author of a history of the Indian Archipelago.) Wall. tent, fl,
nep. p. 63. — Tripterospermum, Blum, bijdr. p. 849.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx tubular, 5-
toothed. Corolla tubular or campanulate, 5-cleft, with or with-
out accessory lobes or segments. Stamens 5 ; filaments dilated,
from the base of the corolla ; anthers erect. Hypogynous disk
5-lobed. Style erect ; stigmas 2, recurved. Capsule clavate,
compressed, pedunculate, covered by the decayed calyx and
corolla, 1-eelled, 2-valved, even to the base ; valves seminiferous
near the edges. Seeds vertical, imbricate, with membranous
edges, 2-lobed at one end. — Glabrous, twining herbs; with elon-
gated, slender branches. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, acumi-
nated. Flowers axillary, solitary, or in fascicles, large, showy,
pale blue. This genus appears to he the connecting link between
the present order and ^^JOC?^ne<a', through tribe Gelsemie^ce, which
again connects that order with Bignoniacece.
1 C. fascicula^ta (Wall. tent. p. 63. t. 47.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, 3-nerved; peduncles short, fascicled, bibracteate;
teeth of calyx elongated, subulate ; corolla tubular ; limb fur-
nished with accessory segiuents ; capsule obovate, 3 times
longer than its stipe. ©. '^. G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheo-
pore, and of Silhet. Genticina voliibilis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 126. Crawf. affinis. Wall. cat. no. 4370, Plant greei..
Fascielcd-RoviereA Crawfurdia. PI. twining.
2 C. sPECiosA (Wall. tent. p. 64. t. 48.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, 5-nerved ; flowers on long, nearly naked pedicels, soli-
tary ; teeth of calyx short; corollas cavupanulate, without acces-
sory lobes or segments; capsule elliptic, shorter than its stipe.
1|.? ©.? '~^. G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Plant
glaucescent.
Slioiry Crawfurdia. PI. twining.
3 C. Blu'mii ; leaves ovate, acute, 3-nerved ; pedicels axil-
lary, I-flowered, bibracteate in the middle ; calyx 5-cleft. 1^.?
©.? '^. S. Native of Java, in the higher woods, on mounts
Gede and Salak, where it is called Tjojipl tiihur by the natives.
Trijiterosperraum trinerve, Blum, bijdr. p. 849. Corolla tu-
bular. Anthers sagittate. Seeds crested, fixed to the three
sides of the berry, ex Blume.
Blume's Crawfurdia. PI. twining.
4 C. ? Loure'iri ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved?; flowers
lateral, disposed in elongated, drooping panicles ; corolla campa-
nulate ; calyx 5-toothed. l^ . '^. G. Native of China, and
Cochinchina. Gentiana scandens. Lour. coch. p. 171. Stem
large, woody ; branches long, scandent. Corolla with a large
tube, which is grey outside, with distinct white dots, and fur-
nished with dense purple hairs inside; limb short, spreading,
white, bluntly 5-cleft ; segments for the most part laciniately
plicate. Capsule roundish.
Loureiro's Crawfurdia. Shrub climbing.
Citlt. Crawfurdia is a genus of very showy, twining plants.
They will grow very well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat;
and may either be increased by cuttings or seeds. Should the
seeds of any of the species ever be introduced to our gardens,
we would recommend their being reared on a hot bed in spring,
and in the middle of May the plants so reared to be trans-
planted out in the open border, against a south wall, and other-
wise treated as the hardy species of Convolvulus.
Sub- Tribe U. COUTOU'BE^ (this sub-tribe agrees with
GENTIANEyE. XXX. Coutoubea. XXXI. Adenema. XXXII. Schubleria.
201
the genus Couloubea ; in the capsule being 2-celled.) Capsule
2-celled, in consequence of the edges of the valves being bent
into the central placenta ; margins of valves placentiferous.
Anthers remaining unchanged even in the old state.
XXX. COUTOUBEA (the Caribbean name of one of the
species.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 72. — Cotubea, Mart. nov. gen.
bras. 2. p. 110. — E'xacum species, Vahl.
Lin. syst. Tetidndria, Monogijnia. Calyx campanulatc,
4-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with an equal cylindrical tube,
a naked tliroat, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4, exserted ;
filaments bidentate at the base ; anthers sagittate, unchanged
in the dried state. Stigma bilammellate. Ca])sule 2-celled,
2-valved, many-seeded; seeds very minute. — Glabrous herbs
or subshrubs, erect, rarely twining. Stems obscurely tetragonal,
usually branched ; branches opposite, and thickened at the
nodi. Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, 1 -nerved, thinnish,
veined. Flowers disposed in terminal and lateral spikes or
racemes, dense or loose, tribracteate, white.
* Flowers tetramerous.
1 C. DENsiFLORA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 111. t. 185.)
stem simple at bottom ; leaves sessile, rounded at the base, and
half stem-clasping, lanceolate, long-acuminated ; spikes ter-
minal and lateral, cylindrical, dense-flowered : throat of corolla
irrorate. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia,
in dry fields, at Villa da Caxoeira, at the altitude of from 200
to 400 feet. Corolla with a green tube ; throat bedewed with
black ; limb white.
Dense-Jlowered Coutoubea. PI. 2-3 feet.
2 C. spica'ta (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 72. t. 27.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; spikes
terminal, elongated, loose ; flowers decussate, rather close toge-
ther. Q. S. Native of Cayenne, Guiana; in the northern
part of Brazil, as of Maranham and Para, &c. Meyer, ess. p. 87.
Cotubea spic^ta. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 112. Coutoubea
alba. Lam. ill. 2. p. "Ad.t. 79. E'xacum spicatum, Vahl. symb.
S. p. 17. Corollas white, reddish in the throat.
6);(eate-flovvered Coutoubea. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1823.
PI. 2-3 feet.
3 C. RAMOS A (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 74. t. 28.) stem divaricately
branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ;
spikes terminal and axillary, the lower part leafy ; flowers
decussate, remote. ©. S. Native of Guiana and Brazil, in dry
fields. Cotiibea ramosa. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 112. —
E'xacum ramosum, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 17. Corollas white.
/Jranc/(«/ Coutoubea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1-2
feet.
4 C. MINOR (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 3. p. 181.)
stem dichotomous; branches tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acute ;
spikes terminal, flowers decussate. Q S. Native in humid
places, on the banks of the Orinoco, near the falls ofAture.
Corolla white.
Smaller Coutoubea. PI. \ foot.
• * Flowers pentamerous.
5 C. verticilla'ta (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 48.)
stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
nerved ; flowers verticillate, axillary : calycine segments longer
than the capsule. ©. S. Native of the West Indies. Gentiana
verticillaris, Lin. spec. 333. E'xacum verticilliltuin, Willd. spec.
1. p. 640.— Plum. icon. 81. f. 2. Corollas white.
/r/ior/e(/- flowered Coutoubea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. U foot.
6 C. volu'bii.is (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 112.) stem
twininrr, rather scandent, slender ; leaves lanceolate, long-acu-
minated, acute at the base ; spikes terminal, few-flowered ;
vol. IV.
flowers pentandrous, pentamerous, remote. 1^. ^. .S. Native
of St. Domingo. Lisianthus scandens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 587.
Corollas cream-coloured.
Twining Coutoubea. Shrub twining.
Cult. The species of Coutuiibea are of easy culture, requiring
the same treatment as other tender annuals.
XXXI. ADENE'MA (from aSrjv, aden, a gland ; and vtifm,
nema, a filament ; filaments furnished with a swelled gland at
the insertion of each). Gentiana and E'xacum species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monngynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; filaments short, each fur-
nished with a gland at its insertion ; anthers incumbent, inclosed.
Style single, length of filaments ; stigma large, 2-lobed. Cap-
sule 1 -celled, 2-valved ; seeds scobiform, fixed to parietal,
linear placentas, which adhere to the margins of the valves.
An erect, perennial plant, with creeping roots ; sessile,
lanceolate, opposite, decussate, 3-nerved leaves ; tetragonal,
simple stems ; and axillary, sessile, small white flowers, gene-
rally 3 in the axils of each leaf, and therefore appearing as if
they were verticillate.
1 A. HYSsopiFOLiuM ; 1/ . S. Native of the East Indies, in
moist uncultivated grounds, flowering during the wet season.
Gentiana verticillata, Linn, suppl. 174. E'xacum hyssopifolium,
Willd. spec. 1. p. G40.— Burm. afr. t. 74. f. 3.
Hyssop-leaved Adenema. PI. 4 to 1 foot.
Cult. This is a plant of easy culture. Any light rich soil
will suit it ; and it will be readily increased by dividing the
plant at the root. It should have plenty of water given to it
when in a growing state.
XXXII. SCHUBLFRIA (named after Gustavus Schubler,
professor of botany at Tubingen). Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2.
p. 1 13. — Curtia, Schlecht, in Linnsea, 1. p. 209. — Thurnhausfera,
spec. Pohl. in litt.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla tubularly-subcampanulate, equal, with a 5-cleft limb, and
a naked throat. Stamens 5, minute; anthers oblong. Stigma
simple, penicillately glandular. Capsule 2-valved, 2-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds ovate or obovate, minute, angular. —
Annual, erect, glabrous, slender herbs. Stems tetragonal, sim-
ple, or branched ; branches opposite, dichotomous. Leaves
sessile, opposite, or verticillate, narrow. Inflorescence panicled,
loose, or crowded, terminal and lateral ; peduncles bracteolate.
Flowers small, rose-coloured, or yellow.
1. S. DiFFU*SA (Mart. 1. c p. 114. t. 186. f. 1.) stem slender,
spreadingly panicled ; leaves subpetiolate, 3-4 in a whorl,
ovate, acute ; corollas hardly twice longer than the calyx ; seg-
ments ovate-roundish. 0. S. Native of Brazil, on the ascent
of high mountains, in marshy, grassy places, at the altitude of
4000 feet. E'xacum brachiatum, Spix et Mart. reis. 1. p. 397.
Corollas yellow ; throat constricted, downy inside.
Diffuse Schubleria. PI. 5 to f foot.
2 S. coNFE'RTA(Mart. 1. c. p. 115. t. 186. f. 2.) stem straight,
terminated by a short, crowded, panicle ; leaves sessile ; 3-4
in a whorl, broad, ovate, acute ; corolla hardly twice as long as
the calycine segments, which are setaceous ; segments of corolla
ovate, obtuse. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces,
in marshes, particularly on Serro Frio. Corollas yellow.
Crowded Schubleria. PI. ^ foot.
3 S. STRICTA (Mart. 1. c. p."ll6. t. 187.) stem straight, simple
at bottom; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved ;
panicles corymbose, coarctate ; corolla more than twice as long
as the calyx : with rounded segments. 0. S. Native of
Brazil, in humid places, near Tejuco, and elsewhere in the dia-
mond district ; also on Serra de St. Antonia. S.ibbatia verii-
D d
202
GENTIANjEE. XXXIII. Helia. XXXIV. EuDoxiA. XXXV. Chironia.
cillaris, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 580. Curtia gentianoides, SchleclU.
in Linnsea, 1. p. 210. Corolla rose-coloured.
Straight SchiMena. Fl. May, June. PI. 1-2 feet.
4 S. pa'tula (Mart. 1. c. p. 117. t. 188.) stem dichotomous,
spreading ; branches slender ; leaves opposite, linear ; panicles
spreading ; corolla 3 times higher than the calyxes, with acutish
segments. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces,
especially in marshy, grassy places, at the altitude of 2900 feet,
on Serra do Itambe, and in the province of Goyaz, between
Carretao and Crixas. Corolla having the tube white at the base,
and a rose-coloured limb.
Spreading Schuhleria. Fl. May. PI. 1 to U feet.
5 S. tene'lla (Mart. 1. c. p. 117.) stem filiform, nearly sim-
ple ; leaves opposite, narrow-linear, or subulate ; panicles
corymbose ; corolla hardly twice the height of the calyx. Q.S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz. Corollas yellow.
Weak Schubleria. PI. i to | foot.
6 S. TENUiFOLiA ; Stem simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
opposite ; panicles dichotomous ; calycine segments lanceolate-
subulate ; flowers small. Q.S. Native of Guiana. Exacum
tenuifolium, Aubl. guian. l.p. 68. t. 2C.f 2. Flowers small, red.
Fine- leaved Schubleria. PI. J foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Schultesia, p. 196.
XXXIII. HEXIA (from l\o^, helos, a marsh ; habitation of
species). Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 122.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogtjnia. Calyx campanulate,
5-parted ; segments erect, with membranous margins. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a sub-oblique, 5-parted, marcescent limb ; a
cylindrical tube, which is inflated in the middle, or unequal ;
throat naked. Anthers oblong, emarginate at both ends. Stigma
of 2 cylindrical legs, not bilamellate. Capsule 2-valved, 2-
celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, nearly globose, or angular. —
Glabrous herbs, with perpendicular roots. Stems terete, fistu-
lar, simple. Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, confluent at the
base, marginated, quite entire, having the middle nerve running
out, and the lateral ones vanished. Flowers cream-coloured
or green, disposed in coarctate, bracteate, few-flowered pa-
nicles.
1 H. OBLONGiFOLiA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 123. t. 191.)
leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; tube of corolla
slender, 3 times longer than the limb, which is finely denticu-
lated. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, in
marshes. Panicle dichotomous. Corollas pale cream-coloured.
Stem quite simple.
Oblong-leaved Helia. PI. 3 feet.
2 H. spatula'ta (Mart. 1. c. p. 124.) leaves oblong-spatu-
late ; tube of corolla twice as long as the limb, which is quite
entire. Q.S. Native of the south of Brazil; and of the island
of Pararuma, in the Orinoco, in hot humid places. Lisianthus
spatulatus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 181. Corollas
green. Stem quite simple.
Spatulate-\ea\eA Helia. PI. 2-3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Schultesia, p. 196.
XXXIV. EUDO'XIA (from ev, eu, well, and cuUi, doxa,
glory, in reference to the beauty of the species). D. Don, mss.
Gentiana species, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate, mem-
branous, semiquinquifid ; segments lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved.
Corolla campanulate, 5-parted ; segments elliptic, obtuse,
nerved, convolutely imbricated in aestivation. Stamens 5, adnate
to the tube of the corolla, at the base, inclosed ; filaments chan-
nelled inside ; anthers linear, incumbent. Ovarium fusiform,
2-celIed, 2-valved, 2 inches long. Stigma 2-lobed, sessile ; lobes
12
dilated, roundish, revolute. Ovula disposed in one series in each
cell, orbicular, peltate, concave on one side, with membranous
edges. — Perennial, erect herbs. Leaves opposite or verticillate,
nerved. Flowers large, drooping, showy, disposed in terminal,
thyrsoid panicles.
1 E. roRMOsissiMA (D. Don, mss.) stems erect, angular, solid ;
lower leaves opposite ; upper ones as if they were 5 in a whorl,
sessile at intervals of 2 inches, all 5 nerved ; flowers numerous,
disposed in terminal, oblong, thyrsoid panicles. T{. . F. Native
of Peru, Ruiz et Pav. Stem an inch tiiick. Leaves 2 inches
long, lanceolate, acute, distant, glabrous, greyish green. Pedicels
1-flowered, li to 2 inches long. Corollas large, scarlet. Ovarium
fusiform.
Most showy Eudoxia. PI. erect.
2 E. pe'ndula (D. Don. mss.) stems erect, terete; leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, many-nerved ; flowers
numerous, disposed in thyrsoid, oblong panicles. 1^. F. Native
of Peru. Very nearly allied to the preceding, but differing in
the leaves and calycine segments being broader, long-acumi-
nated, and many-nerved, and in the stamens and peduncles being
terete. Corolla violaceous, barely longer than the calyx. Stem
purplish, thickness of a writing quil.
Pendulous-dowered Eudoxia. PI. erect.
Cult. Should either of the species of Eudoxia ever be intro-
duced to our gardens, we would recommend their being grown
in pots, in a mixture of peat and sand, with the addition of a
little loam ; and in winter to be placed on a shelf in a green-
house or frame until their hardiness be ascertained.
Sub-tribe III.
CHIRO'NIiE (this tribe agrees with the genus Chironia, in
the anthers being changed in the old state.) Capsule 1 -celled,
2-valved; margins of valves inflexed, seminiferous. Anthers
changed in the old state.
XXXV. CHIRO'NIA (from the centaur Chiron). Lin.
gen.no. 255. Sehreb. 349. Jus. gen. p. 142. Gaertn, fruct. 1.
t. 114. Lam. ill. t. 108. Chironia, sect, verae, Cham, in Lin-
naea, C. p. 343.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a narrow tube and a spreading limb, which is
longer than the tube. Stamens 5 ; filaments broad, short, rising
from the top of the tube ; anthers oblong, erect, connivent, at
length spirally twisted. Style declinate, a Itttle longer than the
stamens. Stigma capitate, assurgent. Capsule ovate, 1-celled,
2-valved. Seeds numerous. — Small shrubs. Stems simple, or
branched. Leaves sessile, opposite, decussate. Flowers ter-
minal, red, or white.
1 C. jASMiNoiDEs (Lin. spec. 272. amoen. 4. p. 84. Cham,
in Linnaea, 6. p. 344.) glabrous ; stem tetragonal ; leave.^
lanceolate, linear; panicles dichotomous, or flowers terminal,
solitary on the tops of the branches ; calycine segments acute,
keeled, much shorter than the capsule, which is cylindrically
oblong. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb.
prod. 1. p. 35, and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 251. Ker. hot. reg. t. 197.
Lodd. hot. cab. 27. Ch. uniflora. Link. Lam. diet. 1. p. 737.
ill. t. 108. f. 3. Segments of calyx lanceolate, acuminated, length
of the tube of the corolla. Corolla red or purplish ; segments
ovate, acuminated, length of tube.
Jasmine-like C\\uon\a. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub
1-2 feet.
2 C. LYCHNoiDEs (Lin. syst. p. 229. mant. 207.) glabrous ;
stem simple, terete ; leaves linear, lanceolate ; peduncles ter-
minal, elongated, usually by threes. P; . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, on the summits of mountains. Thunb.
prod. p. 35. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 252. Berg. cap. p. 45.
Lateral bracteas subulate. Calycine segments lanceolate-subu-
GENTIANiEE. XXXV. Chironia. XXXVI. Roslinia. XXXVII. Erythr^a.
203
late keeled. Corolla purple ; tube length of calyx ; segments
of the limb ovate, acute, lonfjer than the tube.
Lychnis-like Chironia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1S16. Shrub
1-2 feet.
S C. MELAMPYRiFOLiA (Lam. ill. p. 479. no. 2175.) stem
nearly simple, terete ; leaves lanceolate, with Recurrent sides,
as in the preceding ; flowers pedicellate, axillary, disposed in a
terminal panicle. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Calycine segments straight, acute, shorter than the tube of the
corolla. Segments of corolla longer than the tube. Perhaps
only a variety of C. li/chnohles.
Mclampyrmn-leaved Chironia. Shrub 1-2 feet.
4 C. nudicau'lis (Lin. syst. p. 229. suppl. 151. Cham, in
Linnaea, C. p. 344.) herbaceous ; glabrous ; leaves of different
forms, ovate-oblong, bluntish : radical ones often rosulate ;
stems many, simple, subtetragonal, bearing each 2 opposite lan-
ceolate leaves, and 1 flower ; superior internodes elongated ; seg-
ments of calyx subulate, equal in length to the capsule, which
is cylindrically oblong. Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, on the top of the Table Mountain. Thunb. prod. 1.
p. 35. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 249. t. 12. f. 3. C. jasminoides.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 736. ill. t. 108. f. 2. Corolla purple. Calycine
segments length of the tube of the corolla.
Var. a, tabularis (Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 344.) lower leaves
elliptic, bluntish.
tar. /3, elong(ila{^V\on, mss. Cham. 1. c.) lower leaves linear-
lanceolate.
Naked-stemmed Chironia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
1 foot.
5 C. LiNOiDEs (Jjin. hort. cliff. 54. spec. 272.) glabrous ; stem
branched ; branches terete, fastigiate ; leaves linear, erect,
fleshy, acute ; peduncles terminal, elongated ; calycine segments
acute, 1 -nerved ; cajjsule elliptic. T^ . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, Thunb. prod. p. 35. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 252.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 511. Ch. vulgaris, Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p.
343. — Breyn. cent. p. 175. t. 90. Calycine segments lanceolate,
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla red, with ovate-
oblong, obtuse segments. Anthers not spiral, but incurved.
Stem nodulose.
Var. a, linoldcs (Cham. 1. c.) shrub taller, looser ; leaves
broader, flat ; calycine segments narrow, 1-nerved.
Var. ji, intermedia (Cham. 1. c.) dwarfer ; leaves narrower ;
calycine segments triangular, 1-3 nerved, sometimes short, and
sometimes drawn out.
Var. y, lychnoldes (Cham. 1. c.) calycine segments dilated,
subauriculate, short. Ch. lychnoides, Cham, et Schlecht, in
Linnosa, 1. p. 190. Var. fi, and y, a, probably of Lin. and
Thunb. Ch. emarginata, Jarouz, pi. nov. cap. 1821. p. 11.
Flax-like Chironia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1787. Sh. lto2feet.
6 C. sekpyllifolia (Lehm. sem. hort. Hamb. 1828. p. 16.
Linnaea, 5. p. 362.) stems weak, tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves
ovate, nearly sessile, thick, dotted beneath; peduncles terminal,
solitary ; calycine segments subulate. H . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stems many from the same root ; corym-
bose at top. Corolla rose-coloured, about the size of those of
Ch. baccifera. Perhaps a species of Roslinia.
Wild Thyme-leaved Chironia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1829.
Shrub 1 foot.
7 C. tetragona (Lin. syst. 229. supp. 151.) glabrous;
branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate, 3-nervcd, bluntish ; flowers
terminal, solitary ; calycine segments bluntish, keeled, clammy,
3 times shorter than the corolla. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, Thunb. in Lin. trans. 7. p. 249. t. 12. f. 2. Co-
rollas purple. Perhaps a species of Roslinia.
Tetragonal-hrancheA. Chironia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824,
Shrub 1-2 feet.
Cult. Peat with a little lo.im is the best soil for the species
of this genus ; and young cuttings planted in the same kind of
soil, with a hand-glass placed over them, strike root readily.
Although said to be shrubs, none of the species are long lived;
and therefore frequently require to be raised from seeds or
cuttings. They are all pretty plants when in blossom.
XXXVI. ROSLI'NIA (meaning imknown to us). Moerich,
meth. supp. p. 211. — Chironia species, Lin. and others. — Chi-
ronia, sect. Spuriae, Cham, in Linnsea, 6. p. 344.
LiN. sYST. PentAndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, with
short, subulate segments. Corolla salver-shaped, with ovate,
acute, short segments. Stamens 5 ; filaments short ; anthers
oblong, spiral. Style declinate ; stigma peltate. Berry fleshy,
1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds rather compressed, nearly glo-
bose, dark, wrinkled from dots. Small shrubs, with opposite,
decussate leaves, and terminal, solitary, rose-coloured, or yellow
flowers.
1 R. BACCIFERA (Mceuch, !. c.) branches subtetragonal ;
leaves opposite, decussate, glabrous, linear-lanceolate, sessile,
decurrent, with reflexed edges, longer than the internodes ;
flowers terminal, solitary ; calycine segments 1-nerved, acute,
propping the much larger globose berry. h , G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Chironia baccifera, Lin. spec. 273.
Thunb. prod. p. 33. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 255. Curt. bot.
mag. 233. — Commel. rar. t. 9. Flowers red.
Berry-bearing Roslinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub
1-2 feet.
2 R. ANGUSTiFOLiA ; glabrous ; branches terete ? ; leaves
linear, spreading ; calyx ovate ; corollas clammy : segments
cuneated, acuminated ; calycine segments acute, conniving at
the points ; flowers solitary, terminal. fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Chironia angustifolia, Hort. Kew. ex.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 818. Flowers red, large.
Narrow-leaved RosVmia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
Ifoot.
3 R. frute'scens ; downy ; stem and branches terete ; leaves
lanceolate, obtuse, rather tomentose, as well as the branches and
calyxes; flowers terminal, corymbose ; calycine segments obtuse,
almost nerveless, inclosing a lanceolate, elliptic berry. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Chironia frutescens, Lin.
spec. 270. amoen. 4. p. 308. Mill. fig. t. 97. Lam. ill. t.
108. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 37. — Commel. rar. t. 8. Corolla
large, of an elegant red.
I'ar, /S ; leaves narrow-linear ; flowers large, red. ^ . G.
Chironia frutescens, /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 737. — Burm. afr. 205.
t. 74. f. 1.
Var. y, decussata; plant more tomentose ; leaves more crowded ;
branches very short ; flowers rather larger. Tj . G. Chironia
decussata. Vent. eels. t. 31. Curt. bot. mag. t. 707. Chironia
frutescens /3, latifolia, Wendl. coll. t. 4.
Var. h, glabra (Cham, in Linneea, 6. p. 344.) plant glabrous.
Var. £, albijlora; flowers pure white.
Frutescent Roslinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1756. Shrub,
1-2 feet.
Cult. See Chironia above for culture and propagation.
XXXVII. ERYTHR^'A (from ipvdpoQ, erylhros, red
flowers). Renealm, spec. 77. t. 76. Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1.
p. 28. Richard in Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. R. Br. prod. p. 45.
Schkuhr, handb. t. 59. Chironia andGentiana species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx subpentagonal,
5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, marcescent, with a short limb.
Anthers spiral, in the old state; style erect. Stigmas 2, roundish.
Capsule linear, 2-valved Small annual glabrous plants. Leaves
Dd 2
204
GENTIANiEE. XXXVII. Erythr^a.
sessile, opposite, decussate ; radical ones rosulate, 3-5 nerved.
Flowers terminal, sessile, or pedicillate, red or yellow.
§ 1 Flowers sessile, or on very short, hardly evident pedicels.
1 E. Centau'rium (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) stem tetragonal,
dicliotomously panicled, corymbose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
3-nerved ; calyx shorter than the tube of the corolla. 0. H.
Native throughout Europe, in dry gravelly pastures ; in several
parts of Britain, common. Wilkl. enum. 1. p. 247. Cliironia
Centaurium, With. p. 237. Cmt. fl. lond. t. 247. Smith, fl. brit.
p. 237. engl. hot. t. 417. Heyne, getr. darst. t. 29. Jaume St.
Hil. fasc. 24. t. 1. Wood. med. bot. 435. t. 157. Mayerhoffer,
fl. monac. t. 5. Gentiana Centaurium, Lin. spec. 332. Oed. fl.
dan. 617. Bidl. herb. t. 253. Plenck. off. t. 175. Centaurium
vulgare, Rafin. soel. p. C8. Hippocentaiirium Centaurium, Schult.
oestr. fl. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 283. Centaurium minus. Cam. epit.
428, &c. Calycine segments subulate. Corollas rose-coloured ;
segments elliptic. This is a pure bitter, and agrees, in this
respect, with other Gentianeous plants.
Var.ft, majus (Schmidt, fl. boh. 2. p. 31.) radical leaves spatu-
late ; stem 2 feet high, branched ; branches all axillary, twiggy,
trichotomous at the apex; branchlets dichotomous, 3-flowered ;
calyx 3 times shorter than the tube of corolla. ©. H.
Bohemia.
Var. y, medium (Schmidt, 1. c.) radical leaves broader,
obovate-roundish, 5-nerved : caidine ones half stem-clasping,
ovate-obtuse ; stem a foot high, branched at the base ; branches
erect, simple, trichotomous at tlie apex ; branchlets trifid,
3-flowered ; bracteas setaceous ; calyx length of the tube of
the corolla. ©. H. Bohemia.
Var. c, minus (Schmidt, 1. c.) radical leaves obovate ; lower
cauline ones oblong : superior ones linear, all obtuse ; stem
simple, erect, a finger in height, bi-trichotonious, 2-3-flowered,
one of the flowers sessile, and the other pedicellate. ©. H.
Bohemia.
Var. e, pahhtre (Schmidt, 1. c.) radical leaves as in var. •> ;
stem a hand high, and the branches dichotomous ; cauline leaves
oblong, acutish. ©. H. Bohemia.
Var. T, colUnum (^Schmidt, I.e.) radical leaves rather scabrous.
©. H. Bohemia.
^ ar. J), Broterii ; leaves 3-nerved : lower ones oblong : upper
ones lanceolate-linear ; calyx much shorter than the tube of the
corolla, which is filiform ; segments of corolla bluntish. ©. H.
Native of Portugal. Gentiana Centaurium, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p.
276. This differs from the species, in the superior leaves being
narrower, and in the filiform tube of the corolla.
Var. 6, grandijldra ; larger than the species ; limb of corolla
larger, concave ; segments broad. ©. H. Native of Europe,
in moist places. E. Centaurium ji, Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. Cen-
taurium erythrae'a, Rafin and Schousboe.
Var. t, albiflura ; flowers white.
N. B. See Wallr. ann. bot. p. 34. and Spreng. obs. bot. p. 10.
in which Chironia Centaurium, Ch. pulchella, and Ch. maperta,
are found under one specific name.
Centaury Gentian, or Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Au^. Britain.
PI. i to 1 'foot.
2 E. Cachanlahu'an (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 167.)
branches spreading ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, veinless ; calyx
angular, quinquifid, length of the tube of the corolla ; calycine
segments connivent ; segments of corolla suberose at the apex.
©. H. Native of Chili. Cachanlahilan, Molin. cliil. ed. 2d,
p. 124. Chironia Chilensis, Wilkl. spec. 1. p. 1667. Gentiana
Peruviana, Lam. diet. 2. p. 642. Cahan Laguen, Feuill. per. 2.
t. 35. Stem dichotomous, and corymbose at the top. This is
the Cahan Laguen of Chili, a famous stomachic medicine of
that country. Arnott does not think that the E. Quilensis is
specifically distinct from the present, although the flowers are
said to follow the quaternary division. Though it is medicinally
used in Peru, Humboldt never saw it while there ; but it was
cultivated in the plains of Chiloe, the inhabitants of which may
have originally brought it with them from Chili, where it is a
native.
Cachanlahuan Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825.
PI. ^ to 1 foot.
3 E. Quite'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 178. ;
much branched ; branches dichotomous ; leaves 3-nerved, lower
ones oblong, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers terminal, lateral,
and axillary, on long pedicels ; calyx equal in length to the tube
of the corolla; parts of flower quaternary. ©. H. Native
of Quito, in temperate places, where it is called Cachanlagua ;
and of Chiloe. E'xacum Quitense, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 425.
Stem and branches tetragonal. Calycine segments linear, acute,
furnished with a narrow membraneous line on the back, and
diaphanous margins. Corolla rose-coloured, with a cylindrical
tube, and oblong, obtuse, equal segments. Capsule oblong,
2-cellcd, 2-valved. This differs from the preceding in the tetra-
merous flowers.
Quito Lesser Centaury. PI. J to 1 foot.
4 E. latifolia (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 321.) stem 3-cleft at top;
leaves roundish-elliptic, 5-7-nerved ; flowers terminal, fascicu-
late ; tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx ; segments of
the limb lanceolate. ©. H. Native of England, on the sea-shore
of Lancashire, and to the north of Liverpool ; and of the county
of Down, Ireland. Chironia Centaurium, var. 2. Smith, fl. brit.
p. 1393. Corollas pink.
Broad-leaved Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Britain.
PI. i foot.
5 E. catita'ta (Willd. ex Ra3m. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 168.)
leaves elliptic-lanceolate or obovate, 3-5-nerved ; flowers capi-
tate, bracteate. 0. H. Native, country unknown. This is
said to be a very showy species.
Capitate-^owexeA Lesser Centaury. PI. 5 to 5 foot.
6 E. confe'rta (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) plant erect, dwarf,
branched; leaves ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers sessile, fas-
cicled, crowded ; calyx about equal in length to the middle of
the tube of the corolla. 1/ . H. Native of Spain. Corollas
red. Very nearly allied to E. spicata.
Cro?!'rferf-flowered Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 18;il.
PI. i to i foot.
7 E. aggrega'ta (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 137.) stems tetragonal,
much branched, decumbent ; branches dichotomous, aggregate,
few-flowered ; flowers sessile ; leaves spatulate, obtuse, 1-nerved,
tapering into the petioles at the base ; bracteas linear, obtuse,
rather longer than the calyx ; calyx twice shorter than the
tube of the corolla. $ . S. Native of the south of Europe.
Flowers beautiful, rose-coloured. Segments of corolla oval,
obtuse. Stem and branches tetragonal.
Aggregate Lesser Centaury, Fl. March, June. Clt. 1824.
PI. i foot.
8 E. littora'lis (Fries, nov. fl. suec. p. 30.) stem simple or
branched, dwarf, tetragonal ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse ; flowers
crowded, sessile, fasciculate ; calyx about equal in length to the
tube of the corolla. ©. H. Native of Britain, on the sea
coast ; and of Sweden, near Gottenburg, and of Holland. Chi-
ronia littoralis. Turn, and Dillw. guide, p. 469. Smith, engl.
bot. 2305. Chironia pulchella, Don, fl. brit. fasc. 1. no. 7. Co-
rollas pink. This species differs from E. conjerta in the shape
of the leaves and length of the tube of the corolla.
Sea-shore Lesser Centaury. Fl, June, Jidy. England. PI.
i foot.
9 E. spica'ta (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. Smith, fl. grsec.
t. 238.) branches dichotomous, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate-
GENTIANE/E. XXXVII. Erythr;ea.
205
oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers subsccund ; calyxes and
bracteas about equal in length to the tube of the corolla.
©. H. Native of Italy, Greece, and France, in humid places.
Gentiana spicata, Lin. spec. p. 333. Chironia spicata, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1069. — Barrel, icon. t. 1242. Flowers alternate,
spicate ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate. Corollas red or
pink.
Var. /3, Jiore-dlbo ; flowers white. Matih. comm. p. 48S. f. 2.
C. Bauh. prod. 130.
-S^jiAe-flowered Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. i to 1 foot.
10 E. ALOrECUROiDES ; stems soinewhat tetragonal, dicho-
tomously branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 -nerved ; lower
ones spatulate : upper ones narrower, acute ; flowers sessile,
secund, crowded, subspicate ; corolla funnel-shaped, with an
acute, spreading-limb. ©. H. Native country unknown.
Gentiana alopecuroides. Lam. diet. 2. p. 643. Calyx angular
at the base, with linear-subulate, erect segments, length of tube
of the corolla. Very like E. spicata.
Fox-tail-like Lesser Centaury. PI. \ foot.
11 E. austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 451.) leaves oval-lanceo-
late, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers subsecund, almost sessile ; su-
perior bracteas shorter than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Van
Diemen's Land. Very nearly allied to E. spicata.
Southern Lesser Centaury. PI. h foot.
12 E. ULIGINOSA (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. t. 258.)
stem simple, tetragonal, compressed, dichotomously corymbose
at top, scabrous from pubescence, as well as the leaves and
calyxes ; leaves 3-nerved ; radical ones obovate-spatulate :
cauline ones linear, acute ; calyx length of the tube of the co-
rolla. 0. H. Native of Pannonia, and several other parts of
the south of Europe, in humid meadows. E. paludosa, Schrad.
E. compressa, Hayne. E. angustifolia, Wallr. Hippocen-
tauria uliginosa, Schultes, cestr. fl. l.p. 389. Stem simple and
branched. Calyx sometimes shorter than the tube of the corolla.
The roughness all over the plant from short hairs is perfectly
manifest under a microscope.
Bog Lesser Centaury. Fl. Ju. July. PI. g to 1 foot.
§ 2. Flowers pedicellate.
13 E. emargina'ta (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. t. 275.)
stem tetragonal, dichotomous at top ; angles diaphanous ; leaves
oblong-ovate, obsoletely 5-nerved ; flowers pedicellate ; seg-
ments of corolla oblong, emarginate at the apex. ©. H. Na-
tive of Pannonia, about Pesth. Hippocentauria emarginata,
Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 390. Leaves shorter than the
internodes, with diaphanous edges. Calycine segments subu-
late. Corolla with a white or pale purple limb.
Emarginate-'petaWeA Lesser Centaury. Fl. PI. \ foot.
14 E. pulche'lla (Fries, nov. fl. suec. p. 30.) dwarf, much
branched ; branches tetragonal ; leaves short, ovate or oval,
3-nerved : cauline ones equal in length to the internodes ;
flowers in loose panicles, destitute of scales at the base ;
calyx nearly as long as the tube of the corolla ; style simple.
©. H. Native throughout Europe, in the sand by the sea-
side, and in moist meadows ; as well as of Caucasus. In
Britain, on the sandy sea-coast of England and Scotland.
E. ramosissima, Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. E. paliistris, Schrad.
new journ. 4. p. 78. E. pulchella a and /3 inaperta. Link et
Hoffmans. fl. port. 1. p. 253. Chironia pulchella. Smith, fl.
brit. 258. engl. but. t. 458. Chir6nia pulchella /3, D. C. fl. fr.
no. 2781. Gentiana ramosissima, Vill. delph. 2. p. 530. Chi-
ronia Gerardi, Schmidt, fl. bohem. 2. no. 131. Chironium
centaurium of many authors. Gentiana Centaurium ft,
Lin. spec. p. 333. Chironia Centaurium /3, Willd. spec. 1. p.
1068. Chironia inaperta of many authors. Hippocentauria
pulchella, Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 2d, 1. p. 389. — Vaill. bot. par.
32. t. 6. f. 1. Corollas slender, rose-coloured. From the
flowers closing at 1 1 o'clock in the evening, it has been con-
fused with Chironia inaperta, or E'xaciim pusillum.
Var.fl; stem simple, few-flowered. ©. H. Native along
with the species. Chironia pulchella, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1067.
Gentiana pulchella, Swartz, act. holm. 1783. p. 84. t. 3. f. 8-9.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1067. Erythras'a pumila, Dietr. gart. lex.
suppl. 2. p. 249.? Gentiana paliistris. Lam. ill. no. 2221.
Chironia pulchella y, D. C. 1. c. Flowers rose coloured.
Neat Lesser Centaury. Fl, Aug. Sept. Britain. PI. A to
I foot.
15 E. tenuiflora (Link et Hoffmans. fl. port. 1. p. 354.)
stem erect, dichotomously branched at top, tetragonal ; leaves
oblong and lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute ; tube of corolla much
longer than the calyx ; segments of corolla very narrow,
acute. ©. H. Native of Portugal, on the sea-shore, near
Acosta. Gentiana ramosissima, Brot. fl. lus. 1, p. 279. Flowers
in the forks hardly pedicellate. Calycine segments linear,
unequal. Corolla with a red limb, and whitish, filiform tube.
Slender-Jlowered Lesser Centaury. PI. \ foot.
16 E. pyrena'ica (Pers. ench. 1. p. 285.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, erect ; segments of corolla lanceolate. ©. H. Native
of the Pyrenees. Said by D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2781, to be a
variety of E. pulchella.
Pyrenean Lesser Centaury. PI. -^ to j foot.
17 E. linari/efolia (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) stem simple or
branched ; leaves linear, obtuse, usually sub-one-nerved ; corolla
funnel-shaped ; calyx shorter than the tube ; style very long,
simple ; flowers sub-corymbose. $ . H. Native of the south
of Europe, on the banks of the Durance, near Avignon. D. C.
fl. fr. suppl. no. 2781, a. Lois, not. 155. E. linearifolia, Dietr.
gart. lex. suppl. 2. p. 248. Gentiana linariaefolia. Lam. diet. 2.
p. 641. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 43. — Barrel, icon. 423. Nearly
allied to E. pulchella. Corolla purplish or rose-coloured. Ca-
lycine segments linear.
Toad-Jlax-leaved Lesser Centaury. PI. 5 foot.
18 E. occidenta'lis (Roeni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 171.)
stem branched from the base : branches short ; leaves ovate or
oblong ; flowers longer than the branches ; segments of calyx
acute. 0. H. Native on the sea-shore, about Bayonne.
Chironia occidentalis, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2782. Gentiana
maritima, Thore, chlor. land. p. 94. Habit of ii. pulchella, but
dwarfer. Corollas yellow.
Western Lesser Centaury. PI. -g to 5 foot.
19 E. maritima (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) stem branched at
top, dichotomous, corymbose, tetragonal ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, 3-nerved ; flowers pedicellate ; segments of corolla ovate-
bluntish ; calyx length of the tube of the corolla ; style
bipartite. ©. H. Native of Italy, France, Greece, and
Spain, by the sea-side. Chironia maritima, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1069, exclusive of the syn. Barrel, icon. t. 468. Smith,
fl. grsBC. t. 237. Chironia maritima angustifolia, D. C. fl.
fr. no. 2782. suppl. p. 428. Gentiana maritima, Lin. mant.
p. 55. Lam. diet. 2. p. 642. Cav. icon. 3. p. 49. t. 296.
f. 1. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 83. t. 76. — Barrel, icon. t. 467, not 469.
— Column, ecphr. 78. t. 77. Calycine segments linear. Very
like E. Centaurium, but differs in the flowers being pedicellate
and yellow. It differs from E. lutea, in the flowers being twice
the size, in the segments being lanceolate-linear, acuminated.
Far. ft; Tingitana (Schousb. mar. p. 85.) stem a little com-
pressed ; leaves 3-nerved. 0. H. Native of Tangiers, by the
sea-side.
6'(?a-«;(/e Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. PI.
^ to i foot.
20' E. Meye^ri (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 159. fl. alt. 1. p.
220.) stems erect, 2-edged, dichotomous at top; leaves ovate-
oblong, somewhat 3-nerved; flowers braetless ; peduncles about
206
GENTIANE.E. XXXVII. Erythr^a. XXXVIII. Sabbatia,
equal in length to the flowers ; tube of corolla exceeding the
calyx, which is 5-parted : with subulate segments ; corolline
segments obtuse, crenulated at the apex. ©. H. Native of
Altaia, in humid meadows, at the river Irtysch, near Ablaikit,
and elsewhere. Stein obsoletely tetragonal, 2-10 inches high.
Lower leaves obovate-obtuse. Flowers solitary, pedicellate, in
the forks. Peduncles tetragonal. Tube of corolla slender.
Anthers hardly twisted.
Meyer's Lesser Centaury. PI. 5 to f foot.
21 E. Roxbu'rghii ; stems dichotomously branched, terete;
lower leaves rosulate, spatulate, obtuse, 3-nerved : cauline leaves
lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; calycine segments linear, much
shorter than the tube, which is terete and slender ; segments of
corolla ovate-lanceolate, acute.? Q.H. Native of the Eastlndies.
Chironia centaurioides, Roxb. Chironia jasminoides, and E'xa-
cum diffiisum, Heyne, herb. Plant much branched from the
base. Flowers rose-coloured, pedicellate.
Roxburgh's Lesser Centaury. PI. \ foot.
22 E. lu'tea (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 171.) stem tetra-
gonal, dichotomously-panicled ; leaves many-nerved ; lower ones
ovate, superior ones oblong-lanceolate ; segments of corolla
elliptic; calyx length of the tube of the corolla ; style bifid. Q.
H. Native of Italy and France, on the mountains. Chironia
liitea, Bertol. rar. pi. dec. 2. p. 32. Chironia maritima, var. a,
n. C. fl. fr. no. 2782. suppl. p. 32. Gentiana maritima, Savi,
pis. 1. p. 274. — Barrel, icon. t. 468. Gentiana piimila, Gouan,
H. monsp. p. 33. Leaves acute,? shining. Pedicels thick, an-
gular, sometimes the length of calyx. Calyx tubular ; with
acutely keeled linear-subulate segments. Corolla salver-shaped;
with blinitish segments. Capsule cylindrical.
Yellow-^oviereA Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. CIt.
1824. PI. i to 1 foot.
23 E. ELODEs (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 172.) stem nearly
simple, tetragonal : angles winged, pellucid ; leaves roundish, 5-
nerved, downy, stem-clasping; calycine segments obtuse, ad-
pressed, glandular ; limb of corolla connivent. Q.H. Native
of the lower Pyrenees, in the valley d'Ossau, in boggy meadows.
Chironia uliginosa, Lapeyr. abr. suppl. p. 39. Very nearly
allied to E. maritima. Root of many capillary fibres. Pedun-
cles axillary, sub-divided, G-lO-flowered. Tube of corolla in-
closed in the calyx. Limb of corolla golden yellow.
Marsh Lesser Centaury. PI. | to 1 foot.
24 E. Porte'nsis (Link, et Hoffmans. fl. port. 1. p. 351. t.
66. a.) stems prostrate, tetragonal ; branches assurgent ; leaves
ovate-roundish, obtuse, generally 3-nerved ; tube of corolla
longer than the calyx; segments of corolla acutish. ©. H.
Native of Portugal, in humid places, about Oporto, and else-
where. Gentiana Poriensis, Brot. fl. his. 1. p. 278. Habit of
Veionica serpyUifolia. Flowers terminal, usually 3, rarely 7,
those in the forks sessile. Calycine segments scarious on the
edges. Corolla yellow (reddish or whitish, ex Link. fl. port. I.
c), with long, narrow segments. Style bifid. Stems filiform,
creeping, ex Brot.
Ojiorto Lesser Centaury. PI. prostrate.
25 E. ciEspiTosA (Link, et Hoffmans. fl. port. 1. p. 352. t.
66. b.) stem branched, tufted, prostrate ; leaves 1 -nerved, lan-
ceolate-spatulate, fleshy ; flowers terminal, 3 together, nearly
sessile, capitate ; tube of corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ;
segments of corolla acutish. ^.? H. Native of Portugal, in
marshes and bogs, near Figueira. Gentiana chloodes, Brot. fl.
lus. 1. p. 276. Tops of branches tetragonal. Flowers colour
of those of E. Cenldarium. This is easily distinguished from the
other species in the fleshy leaves.
Tufted ErythrcBa. PI. prostrate.
26 E. GRANDiFLORA (Bivon. sic. Cent. 3.) stem tall, straight,
rather tetragonal ; leaves oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers co-
r\mbose, bracteate ; calyx much shorter than the tube of the
corolla, with subulate segments ; segments of corolla bluntish.
©. H. Native of Sicily, on the mountains.
Great-flowered Lesser Centaury. PI. 1 foot.
27 E. ? Cochinchine'nsis (Spreng. syst. l.p. 580.) stem quite
simple ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicel-
late ; calyx tubular, slightly 5-cleft ; stigma turbinatc-roundish.
©. F. Native of Cochinchina. Hottonialittoralis, Lour. coch.
p. 105. Anthers twisted.
Cochinchina Lesser Centaury. PI. | foot.
28 E. coMPAR (R. Br. in. append, to Salt, abyss, p. 476.) this
species has not yet been described. ©.? H. Native of
Abyssinia.
Equal Lesser Centaury. PI.
Cult. All the species of this genus are elegant, delicate little
plants. The seeds should be sown in small pots, well drained
with sherds, in a mixture of gravel and peat, or sand, loam, and
peat ; and those species, natives of the sea-shore, may be wa-
tered occasionally with salted water.
XXXVIII. SABBATIA (in honour of L. Sabbati, a cele-
brated Italian botanist.) Adans. fam. p. 503. Sal. par. lond. t.
32. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 123. Rchb. hort. hot. 2. t.
118. Chironia species, Lin. Michx. and others. Swertia spe-
cies, Mill. diet. no. 2.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla with an urceolate tube ; and a 5-12-parted limb. Stigma
2-parted ; segments spiral. Stamens 5 ; anthers at length re-
volute. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved ; margins of valves semini-
ferous,— Biennial herbs, with angular stems and branches.
Leaves opposite, sessile, decussate. Flowers terminal, solitary
or corymbose. Corollas rose-coloured or white.
1 S. gra'cilis (Sal. par. lond. t. 32.) weak ; branches loose,
elongated, 1 -flowered; leaves linear-elliptic, or lanceolate; caly-
cine segments linear, equal in length to the tube of the corolla ;
segments of corolla obovate ; stem angular. $ . F. Native
from Pennsylvania to Carolina, and of Canada, in wet pastures,
on the banks of rivers. Chironia gracilis, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 146. Chironia campanulata, Lin. spec. p. 272. Flowers
rose-coloured.
Slender Sabbatia. Fl. .July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot.
2 S. stellVris (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 137.) erect;
branches dichotomous, elongated, 1-fiowered; leaves lanceolate,
acute ; segments of calyx subulate, shorter than the tube of the
corolla ; segments of corolla obovate ; stem terete. $ . H.
Native of New York, New Jersey, &c. in salt marshes. Bar-
tram, icon. ined. t. 13, in the Banksian Library. The flowers
are large, and of a beautiful rose-colour, with an elegant yellow
star in the centre, which is surrounded by a deep red border.
This plant is extremely sliy of cidtivation, though very desirable
for that purpose. It varies with white flowers.
Slarrij-Howcred Sabbatia. Fl. Aug. PI. I foot.
3 S. angula'ris (Pursh, 1. c.) erect ; leaves ovate, stem-clasp-
ing ; peduncles elongated, corymbose ; calyx half shorter than
the corolla : with lanceolate segments ; stem marginately quad-
rangular, i . H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in shady
woods, on grassy hills ; and of the Arkansas. Chironia angu-
l^ris, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 146. Lin. spec. 272. VVilld.
spec. 1. p. 1007. liahit o( Erythrcea Centaurium. Flowers
crowned as in Hypericum ; purplish red. It varies with longer
and shorter, broader and narrower leaves. It is used by
the inhabitants of North America, for the same purposes,
and in the same way, as Erythrce'a Centaiirium is in this
country.
Angidar-stemmed Sabbatia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826.
PI. 1 foot.
4 S. campe'stris (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, vol. 5. n. s. p.
197.) erect; branches dichotomous; leaves ovate, stem-clasp-
GENTIANEiE. XXXVIII. Sabbatia. XXXIX. Lisianthus.
207
ing ; peduncles elongated, sub-fastigiate : calyxes winged, with
linear segmenls, which exceed the 5-partcd corolla. Q. H.
Native of North America, in the open prairies of the Arkansas,
and red river. Plant bitter. Stem and branches angular. Pe-
duncles forming a loose corymb. Leaves acute, 3-o-nerved.
Corollas rose-coloured, size of those of S. angularis ; the seg-
ments obovate, and the base marked by a 5-rayed, greenish star.
Field Sabbatia. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot.
5 S. cALYc6sA (Pursh, 1. c. p. 138.) erect, leafy; leaves ob-
long-oboval ; flowers solitary, with usually a 5-7-parted limb ;
calyx foliaceous, exceeding the corolla : with broad oblanceolate
segments. $ . H. Native from New York to Carolina,
in wet meadows, Sims, bot. mag. IGOO. Chironia dichotoma,
Walt. fl. car. 95.1 Bartram, icon. ined. t. 10. in the Banksian
Library. Chironia calycosa, Michx. fl. bor, amer. 1. p. 147.
Corolla large, rose-coloured, with obovate segments. Calyx
in volucra- formed.
Calycose Sabbatia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot.
6 S. ciiLOROiDEs (Pursh, 1. c.) weak; leaves lanceolate, erect;
branches few, 1-flowered ; corollas 7-13-parted, large; calycine
segments linear, shorter tiian the corolla. ^ . H. Native from
New York to Carolina, in bogs. Chironia chloroides, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 147. Chironia dodec^ndra, Walt. fl. car. p.
95. Chlora dodecandra, Lin. syst. p. 299. Willd. spec. 2. p.
341. Stem decumbent or weak. Corollas large, rose-coloured,
with oblong segments.
C/i/ora-Zi/te Sabbatia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. de-
cumbent.
7 S. panicula'ta (Pursh. 1. c.) erect ; leaves lanceolate-
linear ; panicle many-flowered, bracteate, sub-fastigiate ; caly-
cine segments subulate, thrice shorter than the corolla ; stem
tetragonal. "if.. F. Native of New Jersey and Carolina, in
bogs and cedar swamps. Chironia paniculata, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 14G Swertia difformis, Lin. spec. p. 328. Mill,
diet. no. 2. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1330. Flowers white, with ob-
long segments. Lower leaves sometimes ovate-lanceolate: su-
perior ones subulately setaceous.
Far. a, latifolia (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves short-ovate; panicles
few-flowered. %, H. Chironia lanceolata, Walt. fl. car. p. 95.
Far. /J, angustifblia (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves linear ; panicle co-
rymbose, many-flowered. 7^. H.
Panic/trf-flowered Sabbatia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI.
li foot.
8 S. Austra'lis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 194.)
erect ; stem quadrangular ; angles winged ; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, 3-nerved ; peduncles elongated, 1-flowered; calycine
segments 3-nerved, acute, the middle nerve keeled, equal in
length to the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla lanceolate,
acuminated. $ . F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cis-
platine. Plant glabrous. Lower leaves obovate, obtuse, the
rest linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges. Plant often 1 or 2
flowered ; or terminated by a few-flowered panicle. Corolla
white, salver-shaped, with a 5-cleft limb. Anthers twisted.
Stigmas bipartite, flat, at length elongated, and more or less
twisted. Capsule half 2-celled. Seeds wrinkled.
Southern Sabbatia. PI | to 2 feet.
t Species not sufficiently knorvn,
9 S. amce'na; erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; flowers
terminal; calyx length of corolla, which is rotate; stem terete,
dichotonious. i . H. Native of Maryland, Delaware, New
Jersey. Chironia amoe'na, Rafn. in Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 224.
Perhaps the same as S. gracilis.
Pleasant Sabbatia. PI. 1. foot.
10 S. CYMosA ; erect; leaves lanceolate, obtuse ; cymes ter-
minal ; corolla longer than the calyx ; stem tetragonal : angles
membranous; calycine segments linear-obtuse. ^ . F. Native
of Carolina. Chironia cymosa, Lam. ill. 1. p. 479. no. 2178.
Poir. suppl. 2. p. 234. Leaves as if they were truncate at the
base ; upper ones almost linear ; radical ones ovate-roundish,
petiolate ; and the bracteas linear, ex Poir. Perhaps the same
as S. angularis, or S. paniculata, var. o, latifolia.
C^moie-flovvered Sabbatia. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. The species of Sabbatia are very elegant plants, when
in blossom, and are therefore worth cultivating in every collec-
tion. The seeds should be sown thinly in pots, in the same way
as recommended for the species of Erythrcea ; but the pots re-
quire to be placed in shallow pans of water, the species being
natives of marshes and bogs.
Sub- tribe IV.
LISIA'NTHE^ (this sub-tribe agrees with the genus Lisian-
thus, in the capsule being 2-ceIlcd, and in the anthers being
changed in the old state.) Capsule 2-celled, in consequence of
the margins of the valves being bent into the central column;
margins of valves placentiferous. Anthers changed in the old
state.
XXXIX. LISIA'NTHUS (from Xvatg, lysis, dissolution;
and ai'%c, anthos, a flower ; a name given to the plant,
on account of medical virtues possessed by it, of dissolving
humours, being a powerful cathartic.) Browne, jam. p.
157. t. 9. f. 1. Schreb. gen. no. 274. Lin. suppl. 135.
mant. p. 6. Juss. gen. 142. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 204. Gaertn.
fruct. suppl. 1. p. 23. t. 183. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 180. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 92. Ruiz, et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 114. Cullumia, Sal. par. lond. under no. 34.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
cleft ; segments erect, with membranous, diaphanous, and in-
cumbent edyes. Corolla funnel-shaped, marcescent ; tube unequal,
on one side, or ventricose above ; limb equal, 5-cleft ; throat
beardless or naked. Stamens 5, rather unequal, ascending; anthers
sagittate, fixed by the base, for the most part revolute, especially
in the dried state. Style elongated ; stigma bilamellate. Cap-
sule 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ; margins of valves in-
flexed, placentiferous. Seeds angular. — Herbaceous or suffruti-
cose, erect, glabrous plants. Roots perpendicular. Stems sub-
tetragonal, simple or divided at top. Leaves decussately oppo-
site, sessile, or on short petioles ; petioles usually more or less
combined into a short sheath, quite entire, usually marginated,
3-5-nerved. Flowers axillary, among the superior leaves, or
terminal, racemose ; racemes bifid, with a flower in the fork, or
dichotomous or panicled. Corollas of various beautiful colours.
Pedicels continuous with the calyx, bracteolate, sub-opposite. —
Inhabitants of tropical America, in fields and alpine pastures.
§ 1 . Flowers blue or purple.
1 L. alpe'stius (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 93. t. 171.) stem
finely 4-winged ; leaves ovate-orbicular, obtuse, marginate ;
flowers solitary, axillary, droojiing ; calycine segments ovate,
acutish ; corolla campanulately tubular, with ovate, orbicular,
acutish segments. ©• S. Native of Brazil, in the mine pro-
vinces, in pastures, on the mountains, particularly between Villa
da Campanha and Villa Rica. Corolla pale violet, above an inch
long. Leaves 1 or 1| inch in diameter.
Alp Lisianthus. Fl. Jan. Feb. PI. 1 to H foot.
2 L. pe'ndulus (Mart. I. c. 2. p. 94. t. 172.) leaves oblong,
acute, sessile at the bottom of the stem, and running down it ;
stem tetragonal, submarginate ; racemes terminal, on long pe-
duncles; calycine segments acuminated; corolla campanulately
funnel-shaped : with deep, oblong, acute, erectisli segments.
O. S. Native of Brazil, on mountains, near Villa Rica, and St.
Joao del Rey. Leaves 1 to U inch long. Corollas li inch long,
of a beautiful, pale violet. "The roots are very bitter, and are
used in decoction by the natives as a febrifuge.
Pendulous lAs\&n\.\\\\s. PI. 1-2 feet.
208
GENTIANEiE. XXXIX. Lisianthus.
S L. ala'tus (Mart. 1. c. p. 95. t. 174.) stem tetragonal;
with the aiiirles a little winged ; leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse,
marcinate ; flowers racemose ; ealycine segments ovate-roundish ;
corolla from a slender tube to ventricose : with ovate segments.
1/ . S. Native of Brazil, in alpine pastures, near Villa Rica,
Sahara, and on the range of mountains called Serra de St. An-
tonio, in the mine provinces. L. speciosus, Schlecht, in Linnsea,
1. p. 198. Racemes sometimes simple, and sometimes crowded,
coarctate. Flowers drooping. Corolla 1| to 2 inches long,
pale violet.
JVinged-stemmed Lisianthus. PI. Ij to 2 feet.
4 L. amplIssimus (Mart. 1. c. p. 96. t. 175.) stem tetragonal;
having the angles a little winged ; leaves sessile, ovate, acute, a
little margined ; flowers racemose ; ealycine segments ovate ;
corollas very large, campanulate, with ovate-orbicular segments,
li. S. Native of Brazil, in alpine pastures, near Villa Rica,
Villa do Principe, and elsewhere, in the mine provinces. Ra-
cemes twin, 2-flowered, with a flower in the fork. Corolla
large, purple or blue. The roots are very bitter, and are used
in decoction as a febrifuge, like those of L. pendulus, by the
inhabitants of the mine provinces of Brazil.
I'ery large-Rowered Lisianthus. PI. 2 feet.
5 L. caauLE'scENS (Aubl, guian. 1. p. 207. t. 82. Mart. 1.
c. p. 100. t. 178. f. 2.) stem tetragonal, leafless a long
way at the top : leaves narrow-lanceolate : lower ones ovate,
acute, few ; flowers bifidly racemose or solitary, drooping ;
ealycine segments ovate, acute ; corolla funnel-shaped ; with a
short, gibbous tube : and ovate, acute, erectish segments. ©.
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, in moist fields ;
and of Guiana, in humid meadows. Leaves small. Corolla
small, blue, a nail in length.
Bhdsh-Rowered Lisianthus. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
6 L. prate'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 180.)
stem simple, tetragonal ; angles a little winged ; leaves linear,
obtuse, sessile, remote ; flowers few, terminal ; ealycine seg-
ments ovate, obtuse ; corolla funnel-shaped, with ovate, acute
segments. ©. S. Native of grassy places, near Esnieraldo, on
the Orinoco. Flowers unequally pedicellate. Corolla blue.
Nearly allied to L. cccrulescens, Aubl.
Meadow Lisianthus. Fl. May. PI. 1 to llfoot.
7 L. purpura'scens (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 205. t. 81.) stem
branched, obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves sessile, ovate, acumi-
nated ; racemes terminal, dichotomous, on long peduncles ;
ealycine segments roundish, obtuse ; corolla campanulately fun-
iiel-sliaped : with roundish-ovate, acutish segments. ©. S.
Native of the Missions of the Orinoco, in inundated places, between
St. Fernando de Atabapo, and the f:ills of Maypure ; and of Guiana.
Lam. ill. t. 107. f. 2. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 182. Flowers solitary, remote, secund, at length drooping.
Corolla purplish, 9 lines long. Stamens et[ual to the corolla in
length, or a little exserted. Leaves reticulately veined.
Purp/ii/f-flowered Lisianthus. Fl. May. PI. 1 foot,
§ 2. Flcnvers scarlet.
8 L. pulche'rrimus (Mart. 1. c. p. 97. t. 176.) stem sub-
tetragonal, finely winged ; leaves sessile, ovate, acuminated ;
or broad-elliptic, revolute, with membranous margins ; pani-
cles terminal, dichotomous ; ealycine segments ovate, acute ;
corollas large, campanulately funnel-shaped, from a slender tube.
2/ . G. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, especially near
Villa Rica, Sabura, Tepanhoa, Villa do Principe, Tejuco, &c.
Corolla large, nearly 3 inches long, scarlet. Peduncles twin,
dichotomous ; with a flower in each fork.
I ery fair Lisianthus. PI. 3 feet.
9 L. e'legans (Mart. 1. c. p. 98. t. 177.) stem sub-tetragonal;
leaves sessile, ovate, short-acuminated, with sub-revolute edges;
racemes on long peduncles ; flowers drooping ; ealycine sea-
ments ovate, acute ; corolla funnel-shaped, from an elongated
tube : with ovate-acute segments. If . G. Native of Brazil, in
the mine provinces, in alpine pastures, especially near Villa Rica,
Pires, Villa do Principe, and on mount Itamhe, &c. Peduncles
2-3-flovvered. Corolla Ig inch long, fine scarlet.
Var. a, robusta (Mart. I. c.) stem 2-3-feet, branched, leafy;
flowers large, red, more remote.
Var. ft, simplex (Mart. I. c.) stem almost simple, leafy at
bottom, and elongated at top into an almost 1-flowered pedicel ;
flowers smaller. — Lis. pedunculatus, Schlecht, in Linnaea, 1. p.
199.
Elegant Lisianthus. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 L. ANGUSTiFOLius (Mart. L c. p. 99. t. 178. f. 1.) stem
tetragonal ; angles slightly winged ; leaves sessile, narrow-
linear-lanceolate, acute, with revolute edges ; flowers drooping,
usually solitary ; ealycine segments ovate, short-acuminated ;
corolla funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, and narrow, ovate,
acute, erectish segments. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in the mine
provinces, in elevated fields, near St. Domingo, &c. Corolla
fine scarlet, an inch and more long.
Narrow-leaved Lisianthus. PI. 1 to 1 J foot.
§ 3. Flowers yellorv, or greenish yellow, or altogether green.
11 L. infla'tus (Mart. 1. c. p. 94. t. 173.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acute, on short petioles ; stems terete ; racemes termi-
nal, few-flowered, sub-secund, drooping ; ealycine segments
ovate, obtuse, apiculated ; corolla with a narrow base, and a
ventricosely campanulate top : with ovate, obtuse, spreading
segments. 0. S. Native of Brazil, in subalpine fields, near
Villa Rica, Sabura, and elsewhere, in the mine provinces.
Racemes twin, 2-4-flowered, with or without a flower in the
fork. Flowers pendidous. Corolla more than an inch long,
pale greenish.
/n^a(erf-flowered Lisianthus. Fl. Feb. March. PI. 2 to 2j
feet.
12 L. Ku'ntiiii ; stem branched, terete; leaves lanceolate-
linear, nearly sessile ; racemes terminal, simple ; ealycine seg-
ments roundish, obtuse, concave ; corolla funnel-shaped : with
ovate, acute segments. 0. S. Native of grassy places, at the
foot of moimt Duida, near Esmeralda, in the missions of the
Orinoco. L. angustifolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 181. Leaves 1 -nerved, obsoletely veined. Flowers solitary,
or twin, secund, lower ones remote. Caly.K quadrifid. ? Co-
rolla green.
Kunth's Lisianthus. Fl. May. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 L. BiFiDUs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 181.)
stem simple, obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves nearly sessile, lanceo-
late, acute; racemes terminal, bifid ; ealycine segments roundish-
elliptic, obtuse; corolla funnel-shaped : with ovate-obtuse seg-
ments. ©. S. Native of New Granada, near the mine of
Santanna. L. racemosus, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 788. Leaves remote. Flowers solitary, secund.
Corollas green. Stamens exserted.
/?j^c/-racemed Lisianthus. Fl. June. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
14 L. macrophy'lla (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 788. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 183.) shrubby;
branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate, acute, on short petioles ; co-
rymbs terminal, paniculately disposed ; ealycine segments
roundish ; corolla funnel-shaped : with ovate, obtuse segments.
h . S. Native of New Granada, on the declivity of Panama de
Ahnaguer, between Pansitara and the river Ruiz. Stem arti-
culated, rather hairy, having 2 of the sides convex, and the other
2 furrowed. Floviferous branches sub-fastigiate. Leaves reti-
culately veined ; having the nerves and veins hairy on the under
side. Corollas yellow. Leaves 7-8 inches long.
Long-leaved Lisianthus. Fl. Nov. Shrub 6 feet.
15 L. TRiFiDUs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 182.)
GENTIANE.E. XXXIX. Lisianthus.
209
stem branched, tetragonal : having tliC angles winged ; leaves on
short i)etioles, ovate, acute ; racemes terminal, trifid ; calycine
segments oblong, obtuse ; corolla funnel-shaped : with roundish
obtuse segments. ©. S. Native of New Granada, between
Mariquita and the mine of Santanna. Leaves quintuple-nerved,
and reticulately veined, 3 inches loiig. Petioles connate at the
base. Flowers secund, solitary, hardly an inch long. Corolla
greenish. Branches of racemes fastigiate.
yri^rf-racemed Lisianthus. Fl. June. PI. 1 foot.
16 L gla'ber (Mutis, in Lin. suppl. 134. Smith, icon. 1. p.
29. t. 29.) shrubby ; branches tetragonal ; leaves elliptic or
ovate-lanceolate, acute ; corymbs terminal and axillary, few-
flowered, involucrated by 2 or 3 leaves. ?; . S. Native of Peru ;
and New Granada, at Santa F"e de Bogota. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 183. L. corymb^sus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 14. t. 124. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped,
yellow.
Glabrous Lisianthus. Shrub.
1/ L. alaVus (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 204. t. 80.) stem tetrago-
nal ; angles winged ; leaves oblong, acuminated, nearly sessile ;
cymes terminal, racemose, dichotomous, loose ; calycine segments
yellowish; genitals exserted. ©. S. Native of Cayenne and
Guiana, in waste places. Lam. diet. 3. p. 661, exclusive of L.
chelonoules, Lin. Stem articulated. Leaves obliquely nerved.
Pedicels each furnished with a gland-like body and a scale-like
bractea. Corolla white, with a furrowed tube; segments of the
limb marked with a green spot on both sides at apex. Plant
bitter like the rest.
^F/wo-stemmed Lisianthus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
2-3 feet.
18 L. ciiELONoiDEs (Lin. suppl. 134, exclusive of the syn. of
Aubl. syst. 197.) stem terete; leaves oval-oblong, rather con-
nate at the base, bluntish ; panicle terminal, dichotomously
branched, racemose; racemes long; calyx globose. ©.? S.
Native of Surinam and Cayenne. Flowers alternate, remote,
secund. Corolla greenish yellow, with a sub-recurved tube.
Plant bitter, and purgative. Stem sub-tetragonal at the base,
becoming gradually terete to the top. Lower leaves connate ;
upper ones only sessile.
Chelone-like Lisianthus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 L. GRANDiFi-ORUs (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 201. t. 79.) stem
simple, tetragonal at the base, and terete at apex ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, connate at the base, beset with short hairs on both
surfaces, but especially on the margins and middle nerve ;
panicle dichotomous; corolla with an undulated limb, and re-
flexed, roundish, sinuated segments. ©. G. Native of Guiana,
and Cayenne, in humid places. Desf. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 661.
Leaves rather large. Flowers large, solitary, greenish-yellow.
Three of the stamens are exserted.
Great-Jlurvered Lxalanihus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
20 L. LONGIFLORUS (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 787.) leaves lanceolate, rugosely nerved beneath, scabrous
on both surfaces. ©.? .S. Native of South America, Humb.
et Bonp. Kunth knows nothing of this plant.
Long-Jlowered Lisianthus. PI.
21 L. FRiGiDus (Swartz. prod. p. 40. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 352.)
stem tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated ; panicles
terminal, trichotomous ; corollas ventricose : with roundish obcor-
date segments. l^.S. Native ofSt. Dominica, on mount Soufriere;
and of Guadaloupe. L. acuminatus, Desf. in Lam. diet. 3. p.
660.? Flowers yellow, erect. Segments of calyx obtuse.
Frigid Lisianthus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
22 L. FisTULOsus (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 564.) stem terete, striated,
fistular; leaves sessile, ovate, acute, 3-nerved ; corymbs dicho-
tomous, many-flowered; calycine segments very blunt; seg-
VOL. IV.
ments of corolla short, obtuse ; stamens length of corolla. ©. S.
Native of Cayenne. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers on short
pedicels. Corolla yellow, an inch long, with a sub-inflated
throat. Capsule ovate.
Fistular-stemmed Lisianthus. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
23 L. LATiFOLius (Swartz, prod. p. 40. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 348.)
branches obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate-ovate,
acuminated; peduncles simple, trichotomous; calycine secments
acute, unequal ; segments of corolla erect, lanceolate, acute.
tj . S. Native of Jamaica, on high mountains. Corolla yellow,
an inch long. Very like L. exserlus, but differs in the stamens
being inclosed. Corymbs hardly longer than the leaves.
Broad- leaved Lis'vdnthm. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1821. Shrub
5 to 6 feet.
24 L. umbella'tus (Swartz. prod. p. 40. fl. ind. occ. 1 . p. 350.)
branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, long, obovate, sub-acumi-
nated ; peduncles terminal and axillary, a little compressed, bearing
each an umbel of 20-30 pedicellate flowers ; calycine .segments
lanceolate ; segments of corolla short, obtuse, erect ; stamens
sub-exserted. h . S. Native of the west of Jamaica, on hills.
Leaves a foot long. Corolla | an inch long, yellow. ? Capsule
ovate.
f/mfte/Za<e- flowered Lisianthus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
25 L. viscosus (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 14. t. 125.) stem
obsoletely tetragonal, furrowed, branched at top ; leaves oblong,
on short petioles, very veiny ; corymbs ample, terminal, clammy ;
calycine segments concave ; segments of corolla roundish, cordate,
spreading. fj . S. Native of Peru, in high places, at Munna.
Leaves entire, and sub-sinuated, obtuse, shining. Bracteas ovate,
recurved. Corolla greenish yellow. Capsule 3 inches long.
Clammy Lisianthus. Shrub.
26 L. revolu'tus (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 14. t. 127.)
stem branched, tetragonal, striated ; leaves lanceolate, petiolate,
with revolute margins, beset uith recurved pili on the nerves be-
neath ; corymbs terminal and axillary, bearing each 4-6 1-
flowered pedicels. Ij . S. Native of Peru, on cold mountains
of Munna. Lower leaves approximate ; superior ones remote,
ovate-oblong, 4-5 inches long. Bracteas lanceolate. Corolla
yellowish-red.
Revolute-\ea\ed Lisianthus. Shrub 6 feet.
27 L. PARViFOLius (Desf. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 660. ill. 476.)
stem filiform, tetragonal ; leaves linear, sessile, mucronate, ad-
pressed to the stem ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; calyx
cleft even to the middle, with sub-carinated segments ; corolla 3
times longer than the calyx. ©.? S. Native of South Ame-
rica.? Root fibry. Stem yellowish.
Small-leaved Lisianthus. PI. 1 foot.
28 L. acuta'ngulus (Ruiz, et Pav. 2. p. 14. t. 122. f. a.)
stem fistular, tetragonal; angles acute; leaves distant, connivent
at the base ; lower ones cordate, upper ones ovate ; peduncles
dichotomous, panicled ; calycine segments ovate ; corolla sub-
ringent : with an incurved tube, and roundish, revolute seg-
ments. 1/ . ? S. Native of Peru, in the mountains of Pana-
tahua. Pedicles short, thick, 1 -flowered. Calyx short. Stem
dichotomous. Corollas yellow. Capsules pendulous.
Acute-angled-stemmed Lisianthus. Fl. July. Aug. Clt.
1820. PI. 6 feet.
29 L. ova'lis (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 13.) stem twiggy,
terete, fistular, branched at top; peduncles axillary and termi-
nal, corymbose, dichotomous ; pedicles secund ; leaves ovate,
veinless, on short petioles. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in groves.
CorolhiS greenish yellow. Capsule pendulous.
OiiaZ-leaved Lisianthus. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
30 L. CAMPANUi.ACEUs (Lam. diet. 3. p. 660. ill. p. 476. no.
2161.) stem slender, simple, obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves ovatr,
E E
210
GENTIANE^. XXXIX. Lisianthus. XL. Irlbachia. XLI. Symbolanthus. XLII. Eustojia.
acute, petiolate, with 2 oblique nerves ; peduncles solitary or
twin, long, bracteolatc under the flower ; calyx turbinate ; co-
rolla witli a short tube, a ventricose sub-campanulate, inflexed
limb ; and ovate, obtuse, rather irregular segments. ©. S.
Native of South America. Leaves 12-20 lines long, and 5-6
broad. Bracteas minute. Corolla yellow. ?
Campanulnte-tiowered Lisianthus. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
31 L. nigre'scens (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 6. p. 388.)
stem and branches terete ; leaves of the sterile branches half
stem-clasping, ovate, with rounded, stem-clasping auricles,
which are lanceolate at the base, acuminated, pale green above,
but paler beneath ; panicle large, loose-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments narrow-lanceolate, acuminated ; corolla almost funnel-
shaped ; with elliptic-acuminated segments. ©. G. Native
of Mexico, in woods, at Papantla. Leaves 6 inches long, and 2
inches broad. Corolla blackish in the dried state, but probably
greenish yellow in the recent state. Capsule elliptic.
Blackish-Roviered Lisianthus. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 L. sAPONARioiDES (Cham, et Schleclit. 1. c. p. 389.) stem
branched, nearly terete at bottom, but obsoletely tetragonal at
top ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with
rather scabrous edges ; inflorescence a compound cyme. % G.
Native of Mexico, at Papantla, on the edges of woods. Leaves
5 inches long. Calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated. Co-
rolla white, salver-shaped ; with ovate, acuminated segments.
Capsule elliptic or ovate.
Saponaria-like Lisianthus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
-j- Species not sufficiently known; and probably not belonging to
the genus.
33 L. carina'tus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 659. ill. t. 107. f.
3.) glabrous ; stem branched ; branches tetragonal ; leaves
roundish-ovate, sessile, 3-nerved ; calyx prismatic, having the
segments keeled upwards ; corolla with a slender tube, and
ovate, spreading segments. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar.
Leaves sub-connate. Flowers erect, pedicellate, terminal and
axillary. Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx. Capsule
ovate-oblong.
A'ec/crf-calyxed Lisianthus. Shrub.
34 L. trine' Rvis (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 659. ill. p. 476.)
downy ; stem sub-tetragonal ; leaves ovate, mucronate, on short
petioles ; flowers in loose terminal, trichotomous panicles, pedi-
cellate ; calyx deeply divided, with keeled segments ; limb of
corolla parted nearly to the base into narrow segments. 11 . S.
Native of Madagascar. Leaves beset with short hairs on both
surfaces ; bracteas short, lanceolate, acute. Capsule ovate.
Three-nerved-lcaved Lisianthus. PI. 1| fool.
35 L. TUBiFLORus (Pet. Th. in Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 788.) glabrous ; stem terete ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, petiolate, 3-nerved ; umbels terminal, few-flowered ;
calyx ventricose, contracted at top ; tube of corolla 6 inches
long ; limb wide : witli ovate, acuminated segments. Ij . ? S.
Native of Madagascar. Superior leaves lanceolate, 4 inches
long, longer than the internodes.
Tube-Jlowered Lisianthus. Shrub.?
Cult. Most of the species of Lisianthus are very handsome
when in blossom. A inixture of loam, sand, and peat is a good
soil for them ; and cuttings of the shrubby and perennial species
strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. The annual
kinds require the same as that recommended for E'xacum, p. 213.
XL. IRLBA'CHIA (named by Martins, in honour of Gabriel,
Count de Bray, of the dynasty of Llbach, ambassador from the
King of Bavaria to the Court of Spain.) Mart. nov. gen. bras.
2. p. 101.
Lin. sysi. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5"
cleft ; segments erect, with membranous margins. Corolla
funnel-shaped, equal, deciduous; limb 5-cleft; throat naked.
Anthers revolute when dry. Stigma bifid ; segments cylindri-
cal, not bi-lamellate. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ;
margins of valves placentiferous. bent inwards. — An erect, gla-
brous herb. Stems tetragonal, fistular. Leaves opposite, de-
cussate, petiolate, triple or quintuple-nerved. Flowers alter-
nate, disposed in dichotomous panicles. This genus differs
from Lisianthus in the regular corolla, and structure of the
stigma.
1 L e'legans (Mart. 1. c. p. 102. t. 179.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated; rachis of panicle geniculately bent. ©. S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, near Ega, in
moist, sylvan meadows. Corolla blue, a nail in length. Ra-
cemes long, twin, with a flower in the fork between them.
Elegant Irlbachia. PI. 1| to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see E'xacum, p. 213.
XLI. SYMBOLA'NTHUS(from (TVfijSoXoy, symbolon, a ring;
in reference to the ring at the base of the filaments.) Lisian-
thus species, Ruiz, et Pav. and H. B. et Kunth.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, pen-
tagonal ; segments with membranous margins. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a cylindrical tube, 3 times longer than the calyx ;
and a 5-parted limb ; segments with crenulately fringed edges.
Stamens inserted in the tube, hardly exserted ; anthers sagittate,
at length convolute, having a short, ring-formed, crenulated,
membrane at the base of the filaments. Ovarium ovate, com-
pressed, 1 -celled, 2-valved ; placentas 2, parietal, bilamellate,
bearing seeds on the back. Stigina 2-lobed ; lobes linear-
oblong, flat, blunt. Capsule ovate. — Glabrous, branched shrubs ;
branches tetragonal. Leaves opposite, decussate, on short pe-
tioles, with a prominent middle nerve, obsoletely veined ; pe-
tioles round at the base. Flowers axillary, solitary, or 2-3
terminal, rose-coloured.
1 S. Ku'nthii ; leaves oblong, acute ; flowers pedicellate,
axillary ones solitary, and terminal ones 2-3 together; corolla
salver-shaped, with fringed segments. Fj . S. Native of New
Granada, on mountains between Honda and Mariquita. Lisian-
thus anomalus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 184.
Branches sub-dichotomous. Leaves 2| inches long. Flowers
size of the following species. Bracteas oblong, sub-spatha-
ceous.
Kunth's Symbolanthus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
2 S. Pavonii ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers pedicellate,
axillary, solitary ; calyx pentagonal ; corolla sub-ringent. Ij .
S. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Lisianthus calygonus,
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. t. 126. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Pedi-
cels curved, furnished with 3 ovate, concave, acuminated, brac-
teas each. The 3 outer segments of the calyx are lanceolate,
and 2 inner, sub-sagittate, all with membranous, fringed edges.
Corolla rub-riiigent, rose-coloured, large, with acuminated, re-
flexed segments.
Pavons Symbolanthus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tachia, p. 197.
XLII. EU'STOMA (from evirrofiog, a beautiful mouth; in
reference to the fair corollas). Sal. par. lond. t. 34. — Lisianthus
species of authors.
Lin. syst, Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft,
having the backs of the segments more or less winged. Corolla
with a funnel-shaped tube, which is contracted a little at the
apex ; and a deeply 5-cleft limb, which is longer than the tube,
and is variegated below the middle above. Stamens 5, inserted
near the middle of the tube, and a little longer than it ; filaments
erect, linear-lanceolate ; anthers rather sagittate. Ovarium
GENTIANE^. XLII. Eustoma. XLIII. Seb«a.
211
oblong, 1-celled, ex Sal. and 2-celled, ex Nutt. succulent;
wit!) short, stipitate placentas. Style short, erect ; stigma large,
deeply 2-lobed. Seeds scrobiculate. — Annual herbs, with the
habit of Pncumonanlhe. Leaves glaucous, oblong, opposite,
decussate, perfoliate. Corymbs fcvv-flowered, dichotonious,
terminal. Flowers blue. The plants have glaucous, perfoliate
loaves, not unlike those of Lobel's Catchfly, the Silene
Armeria.
1 E. siLENiFOLiA (Sal. par. t. 34.) stems terete ; leaves
obovate-lanceolate ; segments of calyx winged on the back.
G. H. Native of Providence, and of North America, on the
sandy banks of the great salt river of the Arkansas ; and at
sources of the Canadian river. Lisianthus glaucifolius, Lam.
diet. 660. Jacq. col. 1. p. 64. icon. rar. 1. t. 3.3. Nutt. in
amer. phil. trans, vol. 5. n. s. p. 177. Corolla purple: anthers
yellow.
Calc/tfy-leaved Eustoma. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1804. PI. 1-2
foot.
2 E. exalta'ta (Sal. 1. c.) stem slightly tetragonal ; leaves
spatulate or oblong-lanceolate ; calycine segments winged on
the back. ©. S. Native of St. Domingo and Vera Cruz.
Lisianthus exaltatiis. Lam. 3. p. 662. ill. p. 478. Gentiana
exaltata, Lin. spec. 231. Lam. diet. 2. p. 636. Erythrse'a
Plumieri, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 176. — Plum,
spec. 3. Burm. amer. icon. t. 81. f. 1. Leaves 3-nerved.
Segments of corolla crenated. Fruit full of clammy seeds.
This species differs from the preceding, in having a more angu-
lar stem, and a greater number of flowers ; in the wings of the
calyx being broader, and in the filaments being inserted a little
higher up.
Far. /3, albiflora; herb more glaucous than the species : and
the flowers white and more expanded. ©. F. Native of
Mexico, at Papantla, on the banks of rivulets. Cham, et
Schlecht, in Linnaea, 6. p. 387.
Tall Eustoma. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The seeds of the species of Eustoma require to be
reared on a hot-bed, and otherwise treated like other tender
annuals.
Tribe IL
EXACIE'^ (the plants contained in this section agree with
E'xacum, in having a 2-celled capsule.) Capside 2-celled ;
margins of valves bent into the central placenta, which is at
lengtli free, and bears the seeds.
XLIII. SEBjE'A (named in memory of Alb. Seba, an apothe-
cary of Amsterdam, author of Locupletissimi rerum naturalium
thesauri descriptio,4 vol. fol. Amsterdam, 1734 — 1765.) Solander
niss. R. Br. prod. p. 451. E'xacum species of Lin. and others.
Lin. svst. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogtjma. Calyx 4-5-parted ;
segments keeled or winged on the back. Corolla 4-5-cleft, salver-
shaped, marcescent. Stamens 4-5, exserted ; anthers dehiscing
lengthwise : when old, recurved, with a callous apex. Stigmas
2. Capsule 2-celled, 2-vaIved ; valves with inflexed edges in-
serted into the central placenta, which is at length free. — Erect
annual glabrous herbs, with tetragonal stems and branches ;
opposite, decussate, sessile leaves ; and usually terminal, corym-
l)ose panicles of flowers.
1 S. corda'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) stem dichotomous,
tetragonal ; leaves sessile, cordate ; flowers 5-cleft in the forks,
on short pedicels, or in corymbs ; stamens inclosed ; segments
of calyx cordate, furnished each with a keel on the back. Q.G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E'xacum cordatum, Lin.
syst. 155. suppl. 124. Cham, et Schlecht in Linnsea, 194.
Gentiana exacoides, Lin. spec. p. E'xacum grandiflorum, Gaertn.
fruct. 2. p. 158. t. 114. — Burm. afr. t. 74. f. 5. Corolla yellow,
with a cylindrical tube and obovate segments. Habit of Ery-
thrcE^a Cenlanrium. In all the varieties the stamens are said to
be inclosed in the throat of the corolla.
Far. a, macrdntha (Cham, et Schlecht in Linnsea, 1. p. 191.)
keels of the calyx, which is large, broadly winged, smooth, or
scabrous ; corollas large, an inch long : more than twice longer
than the calyx.
Var. ft, intermedia (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) keels of calyx
with narrow, smooth, almost evanescent wings ; corolla smaller,
half an inch long, twice as long as the calyx.
Far. y, micrdntha (Cham, et Schlecht. I. c. p. 192.) keels
of calyx winged, nerved, having the nerves ending in teeth ;
corolla minute, 4 lines long, not quite twice the length of the
calyx.- — Plukn. aim. p. 94. t. 275. f. 4.
C'o)-(/a<e-leaved Sebcca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. i
to f foot.
2 S. sulphu'rea (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea, 1. p. 192.)
stem dichotomously and corymbosely branched, sub-tetraiional ;
leaves sessile, broad, ovate, acute, 1 -nerved ; calyx nearly glo-
bose, with acute segments, which are winged by a narrow keel
on the back ; flowers 5 -cleft ; stamens exserted. Q.G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, on the top of the Table Mountain.
S. tabularis, Ecklon, mss. Leaves 3 lines long and two broad.
Corolla sulphur coloured, with elliptic, acute segments. Calyx
much shorter than the tube of the corolla.
Sulj)hur-co\o\.ueA flowered Sebfea. PI. ^ foot.
3 .S. crassul^folia (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 193.) stem
corymbosely branched ; angles winged ; branches straight ;
leaves cordate, roundish, acute, sessile, 3-5-nerved ; flowers
quinquefid ; calyx ovoid, with acute, sharply keeled segments ;
stamens exserted. Q.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
at Plettenbergsbay Poort. Stem naked at the base. Branches
floriferous at top. Leaves 4-5-lines broad, and 3 lines long,
with the margins and apexes inflexed. Flowers crowded,
yellow.
Crassida-leaved Sebaea. PI. 1 to \^ foot.
4 S. capita'ta (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) stem crowded with
leaves at bottom, the rest naked and simple, terminated by a
coarctate panicle ; leaves sessile, ovate, attenuated at the
base, 3-nerved ; flowers quadrifid ; calyx ovate, with keeled
segments; stamens exserted. Q.G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on the top of the Table Mountain. Leaves with
revolute edges. The superior part of the stem often furnished
with one or two pairs of minute, stem-clasping leaves. Corolla
yellow, much longer than the calyx, with obtuse segments.
Cajntate-RowetcA Sebaea. PI. | foot.
5 S. au'rea (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) stem dichotomous, slightly
tetragonal ; leaves sessile, cordate, ovate, 3-nerved ; panicle
corymbose, terminal; flowers quadrifid : calycine segments with
winged keels; stamens inclosed. ©. H. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Gentiana aurea, Thunb. E'xacum ai'irtum,
Lin. syst. 155. suppl. 123. Lam. ill. t. 80. f 2. E'xacum sessile,
Lin. — Plukn. phyt. t. 275. f. 3. Corolla golden yellow, with
lanceolate, acute segments. Habit of Erythree'a Centaiirium.
Far. ft; flowers pale yellow. Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 646.
Golden-Rowered Sebsea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. i
foot.
6 S. a'lbens (R. Br. 1. c.) stem tetragonal, dichotomously
branched, fastigiate ; leaves cordate, decurrent, 3-nerved ; flowers
5-cleft, terminal ; calycine segments keeled on the bark ; sta-
mens exserted. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
E'xacum albens, Lin. syst. 155. suppl. 123. E'xacum peduncu-
latum, Lin. Gentiana albens, Thunb. Corolla whitish ; tube
longer than the calyx ; and the limb length of tlie tube. — Burm.
afr. p. 207. t. 74. f. 4.
;r/»/c-flo«eied Sebaa. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. J foot.
7 S. ovata (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) stem branched, dichoto-
E e 2
212
GENTIANE^. XLIII. Seb;ea. XLIV. Exacum.
mous ; leaves sessile, ovate, 3-nerved ; flowers quinquefid ; seg-
ments of calyx acuminated, with simple keels on tiie back, about
equal to the segments of corolla in length. ©. G. Native of
Van Dienien's Land, and of New South Wales. E'xacum
ov^tum, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 38. t. 52. Corolla red. ?
Ooa/f-leaved Sebaa. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
8 S. AMBiGUA (Cliam. in Linneea, 6. p. 346.) stem fastigiately
cymose, dichotomous ; leaves broad-ovate, rather fleshy ; flowers
quadrifid ; stamens exserted ; calyx obconical, with diaphanous,
obtuse, rounded, toothed segments. ©. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope.
Far. a, gracilis (Cham. 1. c.) outer branches of cyme evolute.
Far. /3, crdssa (Cham. 1. c.) outer branches of cyme con-
tracted ; flowers glomerate.
Ambigitous Seba^a. PI. J foot.
9 S. pusiLLA (Ecklon, mss. Cham, in Linnaea, C. p. 346.)
flowers quinquefid ; stamens inclosed ; calyx cylindrical, with
narrow-lanceolate, keeled, acute segments, which are shorter
than the tube of the corolla. Q. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. This species comes nearest to .S*. ovcita ; but dif-
fers from it in the tul)e of the corolla, being longer in the in-
closed stamens, and whole habit.
Small Sebsea. PI. small.
Cult. These are elegant plants while in blossom. They
should be treated like other tender annuals, by being reared on
a hot bed, and afterwards planted out into a warm, slieltered
border, about the end of May.
XLIV. E'XACUM (from ex, out ; and ago, to drive ; expels
poison.) Spreng. gen. 1. p. 8.- — E'xacum species, Lin. gen. 141 .
Juss. gen. 142. — Centaurium, Plukn. mant. t. 343. f. 3.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
4-cleft ; segments winged on the back. Corolla salver-shaped,
or sub-rotate, with a globose or ventricose tube, and a 4-cleft
limb. Stamens 4, declinate ; filaments terete ; anthers long,
somewhat tetragonal, emarginate at the base, erect, dehiscing by
2 pores at the apex. Style filiform, declinate, flexuous ; stigma
undivided, clavate, furnished with minutely papillose furrows on
all sides. Capsule globose, crustaceous, 2-celled, with a septici-
dal dehiscence ; placentas 2, adnate to a double dissepiment,
thick. Seeds very minute, scrobiculate. — Erect, branched, an-
nual herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, 3-5-nerved.
Flowers terminal and axillary.
1 E. se'ssile (Lin. spec. 163.) stem erect, tetragonal,
simple, dichotomous at top ; flowers solitary, from the forks
of the stem, and tops of tiie branches ; leaves sessile, ovate-
cordate, obtuse, fleshy; capsule drooping. ©. S. Native of
the East Indies. Flowers larger than the leaves.
iSwiifc-flovvered Exacum. PI. ^ foot.?
2 E. puncta'tum (Lin. syst. 155. suppl. 124.) leaves nearly
sessile, oblong, 3-nerved, dotted like Hypericum ; stamens ex-
serted. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Corolla bluish.
Stamens yellow.
Dottecl-]eaved Exacum. PI. | to 1 foot.
3 E. Bi'coLOR (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 413.) erect; stem and
branches tetragonal : angles a little winged ; leaves sessile
ovate, 5-nerved ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ;
anthers erect. ©. S. Native of Cuttack, in the East Indies.'
Root almost simple. Leaves variable in size ; floral ones small
and narrow. Corollas large, white, having the segments tipped
with blue.
Trvo-coloured-Roweted Exacum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 E. TERAGONUM (Roxb. 1. c. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 47. t.
276.) stem simple, erect, tetragonal ; leaves sessile, ovate-lan-
ceolate, 5-nerved ; flowers numerous, terminal ; stamens and
style declinate. ©. S. Native of Bengal, where it is called
Koochuri ; Silhet, Nipaul, Kamaon, Sec. E. Chulesium, Ham.
herb. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Flowers large, of a most beau-
tiful blue colour. Calycine segments dagger-shaped. Segments
of corolla acute. Anthers linear. This is a most elegant, robust
plant.
Tetragonal-stemmed Exacum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
5 E. STYLosuM (Wall. cat. no. 4355.) glabrous; stem tetra-
gonal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; peduncles
axillary and terminal, corymbose ; style longer than the sta-
mens ; segments of corolla obtuse. ©. S. Native of the East
Indies, about Prome.
Long-styled Exacum. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 E. te'res (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 414.) stem and
branches terete ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, tapering at the
base, nearly sessile, 3-nerved ; peduncles opposite, 3-flowered,
forming a terminal corymb ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acu-
minated. ©. S. Native of Silhet, and Lower Nipaul. Leaves
3-4 inches long, and -j an inch broad in the middle. Flowers
dark blue, large. Habit of the preceding.
7'ere/e-stemmed Exacum. PI. 2 feet.
7 E. Zeyla'nicum (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 414.) erect; stem
and branches tetragonal : angles slightly winged : leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved; racemes termi-
nal and axillary, forming an expanded, terminal, corymb-formed
panicle ; flowers pentamerous ; calyx with 5 broad, membranous
wings, with subulate points. ©. H. Native of Ceylon, and
the Neelgiierries. Chironia trinerva, Lin. fl. zeyl.p. 90. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1065. — Burm. zeyl. p. 145. t. 67. Leaves 1-3
inches long. Peduncles and pedicels tetragonal. Segments of
calyx furnished with a broad, membranous wing on tlie back of
each. Tube of corolla gibbous. Limb of corolla of 5 obovate,
mucronate, beautiful, violet-coloured divisions. Anthers linear,
straight, and hard, with 2 pores at the apex, and also opening
on the sides.
Ceylon Exacum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
S E. GEANDiFLORUM (Wall. Cat. no. 4358.) stem tetragonal ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, 3-5-nerved ; pedun-
cles axillary and terminal, trichotomous, or 3-flowered, corym-
bose. ©. S. Native of the East Indies, at Courtallum.
Flowers large ; segments of corolla ovate-oblong, acute.
Great-Homered Exacum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 E. peduncula'tum (Lin. spec. 163. Vahl, synib. 1. p. 15.)
erect ; stem fwith 1-2 pairs of opposite branches, then di-
chotomous, slightly tetragonal ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; segments of calyx mcmbranously
winged on the back ; stamens exserted ; style declinate. ©. S.
Native of Ceylon. E. carin'^tum, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 415. Se-
bai~a carinata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 426. Root branched. Flowers
terminal, numerous, pretty large, yellow, collected in dichoto-
mous corymbs, with a single, long, pedicellate flower in each
fork. Filaments inserted on a membranous rim, round the in-
side of the mouth of the tube. Anthers erect, opening at the
sides, yellow. Perhaps a species of Seba'a.
Peduncled Exacum. PI. \ foot.
10 E. ptera'nthum (Wall. cat. no. 4360.) stem and branches
tetragonal; leaves elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, 3-5-
nerved ; flowers pedicellate, dichotomously cymose : with a
flower in each fork ; alternate wings of calyx the largest. ©.
H. Native of Tavoy.
Wing-Jlowered Exacum. PI. 1 foot.
HE. Hamiltonii ; stem 4-vvinged ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, 5-nerved ; flowers terminal, corymbose ; segments of
calyx ovate, acuminated, each furnished with a membranous
wing on the back, ©. G. Native of Nipaul, where it is called
GENTIAN'EiE. XLIV. Exacum. XLV. Mickocale. XLVI. Desfontainia.
213
Kashtva-sna. E. tetragonum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 128, but
not of Roxb. Stamens exserted. Flowers large, yellow.
Hamilioii's Exacum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 E. sulca'tum (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 415.) erect, branched,
furrowed on the opposite sides of the stem and branches ; leaves
nearly sessile,lanceolate, fleshy,3-nerved; flowers terminal, nume-
rous, trichotomously corymbose ; segments furnished each with a
keel on the back ; stamens erect ; stigma bifid ; capsule globular.
$ . S. Native of Bengal. Sebaj'a sulcata, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
426. E. dichotomum, Herb. madr. E. stellJltum, Hamilt.
herb. Root fibrous. Leaves from 1 to 2 inches long. Flowers
bright blue, those on the forks solitary, and on long pedicels.
Peduncles 4-sided. Bracteas ovate, recurved. Anthers ovate-
oblong, connivent. This appears to be intermediate between
Sehce'a ;ind E'xacum, from the bifid stigma.
/'wrrore'crf-stemmed Exacum. PI. -^ to 1 foot.
Cult. All the species of this genus are very showy when in
blossom. The seeds should be reared on a hot bed, like those
of other tender annuals ; and about the end of May the plants
may be planted out in the open border, in a warm, shehered
situation ; and some of the Inrger, showy kinds may be planted
in pots, and otherwise treated like Balsams.
XLV. MICROCA'LE (from fiiKpoQ, micros, small, and t:a\oi,
kalos, pretty ; plants small and very pretty). Link. — E'xacum
species. Smith. ^ — Gentiana species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Tetrindrla Monogijnia. Calyx divided about
halfway into 4 equal acute segments, permanent. Corolla with
a swelling tube, length of calyx ; and a 4-parted, spreading
limb ; segments equal, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4, in-
closed, filiform, erect ; anthers roundish-oblong. Ovarium oval.
Style filiform, inclining a little, as long as the limb. Stigma
capitate, undivided. Capsule filling the tube of the corolla,
which gradually enlarges with it ; elliptic, compressed, imper-
fectly 2-celled. Seeds small, rou^h, attached to a fixed or
finally separated double placenta. — Herbaceous, glabrous,
intensely bitter plants. Leaves simple, entire, and are, as well
as the branches or flower-stalks, opposite. Flowers terminal,
yellow, or rose coloured.
1 M. FiLiFORME (Link. 1. c.) stem dichotomous from the bot-
tom, filiform ; leaves chiefly radical, lanceolate, or spatulate,
1 -nerved, sessile ; flowers terminal, on long pedicels. Q. H.
Native of Europe, in sandy, turfy bogs ; in England, in Hamp-
shire, Devonshire, Cornwall, Dorsetshire, and Sussex, in rotten,
marshy, sandy, turfy ground ; in Ireland, in Dursey Island,
Cork ; in Chili, about Conception. Gentiana filiforrais, Lin,
spec. 335. With. 2G3. Oed. fl. dan. 3^4. Ehrh. phyt. 43.
Exacmn filiforme, Smith, fl.brit. 182. engl. hot. t. 235. Hook,
fl. lond. fasc. 2. p. 91. t. 8.— Vaill par. p. 32. t 6. f. 3. Root
fibrous. Leaves an inch long. Cirollas small, yellow.
Filiform Microcale. Fl. Ju. July. England. PI. j foot.
2 M. pulche'llum ; leaves lanceolate ? ; sessile ; panicle
corymbose; pedicels filiform ; calycine segments subulate. ©.
H. Native of New Jersey, on the sea coast. E'xacum pulchel-
lum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 100. Sabbatia pulchella,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 581. Flowers rose coloured. Plant resem-
bling very much the preceding.
A'ca; Microcale. Fl. May. Cult. 1826. PI. i foot.
stem much branched, dichotomous ; leaves
peduncles short, crowded ; segments of
©. H. Native of Europe, in inundated
pusilla. Lam. diet. 2. p. 645. Chironia
E'xacum pusillum, D. C. fl. franc, no.
425.— Vaill. par. t. 6. f. 2.
3 M. PUSILLUM ;
oblong, 3-nerved ;
corolla connivent.
places. Gentiana
inaperta, VVilld.
Spreng. syst. I . p.
Small Microcale. PI. i foot.
12
Cult. Sow the seed in a moist situation, in peat earth, or
in pots, which should be kept moist, by being placed in pans of
water.
Tribe in.
DESFONTAINIE'^. Calyx 4-.5-parted ; segments nearly
equal, obtuse, cartilaginous, nerved, imbricate in cEstivation.
Corolla tubular, cartilaginous, 5-nerved ; nerves running through
the axis of the segments; limb 4-5-lobed : lobes very veinv,
roundish, retuse, with ciliated edges, imbricate in aestivation.
Stamens 4-5, inclosed, glabrous, combined with the tube of the
corolla nearly their whole length, free at apex, thick convex on
one side and flat on the other ; anthers erect, innate 2-celled :
cells linear, parallel, separated by narrow intervals, inserted in a
large fleshy connective (continuation of the filaments), which is
shorter than them, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovarium globose,
1-celled ; ovula very numerous, horizontal, without order, ad-
nate to septiform placentas. Style filiform, glabrous ; stigma
capitate. Berry globose, 1-celled, many-seeded. Placentas
4-5, parietal, hence the berry appears many-celled ; free from
the inner margin ; thickened, trigonal, having reflexed, seminife-
rous sides. Column none. Seeds numerous, disposed without
order, erect, obovate, ventricose, angular; furnished with an
umbilicus at the base, a dark brown dilated chalaza at apex,
and a prominent, callous raphe on the inner side. Outer testa
coriaceous, fulvous, full of pellucid dots : inner one membra-
nous, paler, adhering to the nucleus. Albumen copious, fleshy,
white. Embryo very minute, roundish, milk coloured, erect in
the umbilical end of the seed, with very short cotyledons, and
a thick, very blunt radical. — Evergreen shrubs, natives of South
America, having a very bitter taste. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
spinosely toothed : petioles articulated with the branches.
Flowers terminal, solitary, pedunculate ; peduncles bibracteate.
Corollas scarlet, with a yellow limb. Berries white.
Some groups of plants exist in whose external features there
is nothing that can lead to a knowledge of their affinities ; and
among these may be ranked the remarkable genus under con-
sideration. From observing the similarity in the disposition of
the veins of the calyx and corolla, and the consistence of these
organs, as well as the nervation and dentation of the leaves, I
was led to conclude that it might be allied to Theophrdsta; but
a closer examination did not confirm that conjecture ; although
from remarking the nature of the albumen, and the structure
and position of the embryo, I was afterwards induced to com-
pare it with the Gentianea, to which family I am now fully per-
suaded it must be referred, notwithstanding its toothed leaves,
and the greater number of its placentae. — D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. July, Sept. 1831.
XLVL DESFONTA^INIA (for derivation see Fontanesia,
p. 51. of the present volume.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p.
59. fl. per. 2. p. 47. t. 186. gen. t. 5. Humb. et Bonpl. pi.
aequin. 1. p. 157. t. 45. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. ainer. 7. p.
274. syn. 4. p. 267. D. Don, in edin. phil. journ. July, Sept.
1831 Linkia Pers. encli. 1. p. 219.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria Monogynia. Character the
same as that of the tribe.
1 D. spiNosA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c.) calycine segments lingulate,
and are, as well as the leaves, glabrous. Pj . G. Native of
Peru, in forests, atChurupallana,'rarma, and betwixt Miinna and
Pozuzo, Ruiz, et Pav. ; and on the Andes of Quindiu, and in
Parama de Almaguer, Humb. et Bonpl. D. splendens, Humb.
et Bonpl. pi. sequin, .imer. 1. p. 157. t. 45. H. B. et Kuntli.
nov. gen. 7. p. 274. Linkia Peruviana, Pers. ench. 1. p. 219.
An erect, much branched, evergreen, glabrous shrub. Leaves
elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, cuneated,
214
GENTIANE^. XLVI. Desfontainia. XLVII. Palladia. BIGNONIACEA:.
and quite entire at the base, with spiny-toothed margins ; teeth
large, 7-14 in number. Calyx glabrous, hardly shorter than the
])ediinclL's. Corolla 4 times longer than the calyx. Berries
vshitf, size of cherries.
A'/)m?/-toothed leaved Desfontainia. Shrub 10 feet.
2 D. PARViFOLiA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, Sept.
18.31.) ribs of leaves pilose beneath; calycine segments oval,
ciliated. f^ • G- Native of Peru, on the mountains at Munna,
Ruiz. D. spinosa, Ruiz, herb, but not of fl. per. A much
branched, compact, evergreen shrub, with quadrangular branches;
angles prominent. Leaves cuneated, 5-7-toothed, rarely tri-
cuspidate, shining above ; teeth spiny. Bracteas connate at the
base, having the edges and ribs pilose. Lobes of corolla ciliated.
Sti;i.ma furnished with 4 tubercles, pruinose.
Small-leaved Desfontainia. Shrub 5-10 feet.
Cult. The species of Desfontainia are shrubs worth cultivat-
ing in every collection, for the elegance of their foliage, as
well as the brilliancy of their flowers. We would recommend
them to be grown in pots filled with a mixture of peat, loam,
and sand, if they ever should be introduced to our gardens.
Young cuttings will probably strike root in sand under a bell-
XLVIL PALLA'DIA (meaning unknown to us.) Lam. ill. t.
285. — Blackwellia, Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 117.
LiN. SYST. Octaiidria, Monogi/nia. Calyx funnel-shaped,
coloured ; with a short tube, and 4 obovate segments. Corolla
funnel-shaped ; tube long, with 8 plaits ; limb in 8 oblong seg-
ments. Stamens 8, united to the tube of the corolla for more
than half its length, permanent : anthers unknown. Ovaria 2 ;
style simple, compressed, situated between the ovaria, and parallel
to them, and connected with their iiase; its edges finely-toothed;
stigmas 2, spreading. Capsules 2, club shaped, prismatic, erect,
paiallel, close together, membranous, stiff, obscurely angular
at one side, and marked with a deep furrow on the other, each
of 1-cell, and 2 finally spiral valves. Seeds numerous, minute,
roundish, rather angular ; placentas spongy, as long as the cap-
sule, to the edges of whose valves, at the furrowed side, it is
attached, being marked there by a similar furrow ; while its
other side is convex, and its whole surface rough with minute
tubercles.
1 P. Anta'rctica (Lam. 1. c. Smith, in Rees' cycl.) Native
at Cape Horn. ?
Antarctic Palladia. PI. small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gentiana, p. 1 83.
Order CLVIIL BIGNONIACE.E. R. Br. prod. p. 470.
H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 132. D. Don, in edinb.
l)hil. journ. July, sept. 1823. — Bignonise, sect. IL Juss. gen.
139. edit. Usteri, p. 154.
Calyx divided or entire, sometimes spathaceous. Corolla
monopetalous, hypogynous, usually irregular, with a 4-5-lobed
limb. Stamens 5 ; filainents unequal, 4 of which usually
bear anthers, and sometimes only 2 of them, seldom all fer-
tile, therefore there are either 1 or 3 of them sterile ; an-
thers 2-celled ; cells equal in insertion, usually divaricate.
Ovarium girded by a glandular disk, 2-celled, or falsely 4-
celled, many-seeded. Style 1 ; stigma bilamellate. Capsule
2-valved, 2-celled, sometimes falsely 4-celled ; dissepiment
parallel or contrary, at length free, bearing the seeds at the com-
missures with the valves. Seeds transversely foliaceous, com-
pressed. Albumen none. Embryo straight, foliaceous ; with a
centrifugal radicle. — Trees or shrubs often twining or climbing.
Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, usually compound, rarely
simple, exstipulate. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, some-
what panicled.
This is readily distinguished from the allied orders, in the
fruit, structure, and placentation of the seeds. The showy,
trumpet-shaped flowers of all the species render them objects of
admiration. The greater number of them are tropical. Tecoma
is a hardy, cliinbing shrub, of great beauty when in blossom;
and the species of Jacardnda are resplendent with blue or
purple flowers, and elegant supra-decomposed leaves, which
emulate those of Acacia. The wood is said to resist the attack
of worms. Nothing is known of their qualities.
Among the numerous tribes of vegetables which people the
regions of equinoxial America, the Bignoniacece hold a distin-
guished rank, whether as regarded for the beauty of their flowers,
and the diversity of their forms, which give to the vegetation
peculiar features, or as objects highly deserving the attention and
investigation of the botanist. Perhaps in no tribe of plants, does
the form of vegetation assume such variety as in this family.
In the beautiful genus Jacardnda are contained the loftiest trees
to be met with either in this or any of the neighbouring orders.
These splendid trees, which are entirely wanting in the ancient
continents, form one of the brightest ornaments of the forests of
tropical America. The genus Bignonia, as constituted by
Linnaeus, contained an assemblage of plants, which, generically
considered, were widely dift'erent from each other. To Jussieu
we are indebted for having set us an example worthy of imita-
tion, by his judicious division of this overgrown genus. It is the
great advantage which a natural system possesses over all artifi-
cial methods in the studying of vegetables, that it teaches us to
examine and group them according to their respective aflnnities ;
and to give to the different parts their relative importance, in
characterizing genera. Willdenovv, and almost all those bota-
nists who have followed the Linnsean artificial method of classi-
fication, have left the genus Bignonia untouched, without even
adopting the important divisions proposed by M. de Jussieu.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Bignonie\e. Capsule 2-valved, 2-celled, sometimes falsely
4-celled. Dissepiment parallel or contrary to the valves, at
length free, bearing the seeds at the commissures with the
valves. Seeds transverse, compressed, winged on the margins.
§ 1 . Stamens 4, didymous, with the rudiment of a sterile one.
1 Bignonia. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with a short tube,
a campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, with a fifth sterile one. Lobes of anthers divaricate.
Capsule silique-formed ; dissepiment parallel.
2 Spathodea. Calyx spathaceous, cleft on one side, and
toothed or entire on the other. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
5-lobed, somewhat bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didynamous,
with a fifth sterile one. Lobes of anthers divaricate. Capsule
BIGNONIACEiE.
215
silique-formed, falcate, falsely 4-celled ; dissepiment contrary,
corky.
a Te'coma. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with a short tube,
a campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed sub-bilabiate limb. Sta-
mens 4, didynamous, with a fifth sterile filament. Lobes of an-
thers divaricate. Capsule silique-formed ; dissepiment contrary.
4 Jacara'nda. Calyx 5-toothed, rarely entire. Corolla
with a short tube, a campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed, bilabiate
limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth ;
anthers usually 1-lobed, rarely 2-lobed. Capsule broad, com-
pressed ; dissepiment contrary ; valves woody.
5 Amphilophium. Calyx with a double limb ; inner one
bilabiate ; outer one undulately curled. Corolla sub-coria-
ceous ; with a short tube, a large ventricose throat, and a bi-
labiate limb ; upper lip galeate, bidentate ; lower one tridentate.
Stamens 4, didynamous ; with the rudiment of a fifth. Lobes
of anthers divaricate. Capsule ovate, rather ligneous ; dissepi-
ment parallel. ?
6 Zeyhe'ria. Calyx spathaceous, closed, at length bipar-
tite. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-lobed, somewhat bila-
biate limb. ? Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of
a fifth. Capsule echinated, orbicular, compressed ; dissepiment
contrary.
7 Fredericia. Calyx coloured, pentagonal, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a spreading, 5-
6-cleft, equal border. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudi-
ment of a fifth. Capsule oblong, compressed, acutish ; dissepi-
ment contrary.
8 Ferdinandu'sia. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped,
4-parted ; segments bifid, bearded. ? Stamens 4, didynamous,
with the rudiment of a fifth. Capsule compressed, elliptic, 2-
celled, 4-valved ; dissepiment contrary. ?
9 Stenolobium. Calyx 5-toothed, small. Corolla with a
narrow tube, a dilated, campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed,
bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a
fifth ; lobes of anthers linear, divaricate. Capsule linear,
silique-formed ; dissepiment parallel.
10 Delostoma. Calyx 3-lobed, coriaceous. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a dilated throat, and a spreading, bilabiate limb.
Stamens 4, didynamous, w ith the rudiment of a fifth. Lobes of
anthers parallel. Capsule lanceolate, compressed ; valves coria-
ceous ; dissepiment parallel.
11 Astia'nthus. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla with
a short tube, a campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed, bilabiate limb.
Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth. Lobes of
anthers confluent. Capsule silique-formed ; dissepiment pa-
rallel. Seeds winged, and pappose.
12 Chilopsis. Calyx ventricose, membranous, cleft even to
the base on the lower side ; limb oblique, tridentate. Corolla
witli a short tube, a campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed, bila-
biate limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a
fifth. Lobes of anthers equal, divaricate. Capsule short,
silique-formed ; dissepiment contrary.
13 Oxe'ra. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla with a short tube,
a dilated throat, and a 4-cleft, nearly equal limb. Stamens 4,
didynamous, 2 of which are sessile. Ovarium 4-lobed, seated
on a glandular disk. Fruit unknown. Probably a genus of
Cyrtandracece.
§ 2. Stamens 5, all fertile.
14 Platyca'rpum. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a short
tube, a funnel-shaped throat, and a 5-lobed, nearly equal limb.
Stamens 5, equal, fertile. Capsule didymous, ligneous, com-
pressed; dissepiment contrary ; cells 2-seeded.
15 Calosa'nthes. Calyx entire. Corolla with a sliort
tube, a campanulate throat, and a 5-cleft, curled, bilabiate limb.
Stamens 5, all fertile, the exterior pair the longest. Capsule
silique-formed, compressed ; dissepiment contrary.
§ 3. Stamens 4, didynamous, without the rudiment of the sterile
one.
16 MiLLlNGTONiA. Calyx slightly 5-parted. Corolla with a
long, slender tube ; a funnel-shaped, 4-parted limb ; the upper
segment broadest, and nearly half 2-cIeft. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, without any rudiment of a fifth. Capsule silique-formed,
slender ; dissepiment parallel.
17 Argy'lia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla with a short tube, a
campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed, somewhat bilabiate limb.
Stamens 4, didynamous, without any rudiment of a fifth. An-
thers bearded ; lobes equal, divaricate. Capsule silique-formed,
compressed ; dissepiment parallel.
18 Incarvillea. Calyx tri-bracteate, 10-cleft; the 5 outer
segments subulate ; the 5 inner shorter and bifid. Corolla
with a short tube, a ventricose throat, and a 5-lobed, bilabiate
limb. Capsule silique-formed, G-ribbed ; dissepiment bilamel-
late, contrary.
19 WiGHTiA. Calyx 4- toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped;
limb 4-cleft, upper segment 2-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous,
without any rudiment of a fifth. Hypogynous disk wanting.
Stigma clavate, undivided. Capsule silique-formed ; dissepi-
ment parallel. Seeds imbricated lengthwise.
§ 4. Stamens 5, 2 of which fertile, and 3 sterile.
20 Cata'lpa. Calyx 2-parted. Corolla with a short tube,
a ventricose, cainpanulate throat, and an unequal, 4-lobed limb.
Stamens 5, 2 fertile, and 3 sterile. Capsule silique-formed ;
dissepiment parallel.
21 Schrebe'ra. Calyx tubular, bilabiate ; lips nearly equal,
emarginate. Corolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and
a spreading, 5-6-7-cleft border. Stamens, 2 fertile, and 3 sterile.
Capsule pear-shaped, woody ; dissepiment parallel.
Tribe IL
Tourretie'^e. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved ; valves placenti-
ferous in the middle. Placentas 2, large and fleshy. Seeds
imbricated, horizontal, flattened, girded by a membranous
margin.
22 Tohrre'ttia. Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip acuminated ;
lower one 4-notched. Corolla with the tube c(|ual in length to
the calyx, and a unilabiate limb ; upper lip drawn out into a
216
BIGNONIACEiE. I. Bignonia.
hollow ; lower lip wanting. Stamens 4, didynamous. Capsule
ovate, or oblong, echinated, 2-celled ; dissepiment prismatic,
central, seminiferous.
23 Eccremoca'rpus. Calyx membranous, 5-cleft, coloured.
Corolla tubular, with an equal throat, and a 5-lobed, equal
limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth ;
anthers versatile ; cells parallel, combined ; wings of seeds re-
pandly sinuated, nerved.
Si Cala'mpelis. Calyx semi-5-cleft. Corolla with a tubu-
lar base, a ventricose throat, and a contracted, 5-lobed limb.
Stamens 4, didynamous, without any rudiment of a sterile one.
Lobes of anthers obtuse, divaricate, distinct at apex. Wings of
seeds repandly sinuated, emarginate at the base.
Tribe III.
Crescentie'*. Fruit a large, melon-shaped, 1 -celled berry;
with a solid rind, pulpy inside. Seeds nestling in the pulp.
S5 Cresce'ntia. Calyx bipartite or bilabiate. Corolla large,
campanulate, with a short tube, a ventricose throat, and an
erect, 5-lobed, cleft, unequal limb. Stamens 4, didynamous,
witii the rudiment of a fifth. Berry large, many-seeded.
26 TANiE^ciUM. Calyx cylindrical, truncate. Corolla with a
very short tube, a large, ventricose throat, and a nearly equal,
5-lobed limb. Stamens 4, didynamous ; with the rudiment of a
fifth. Berry large, corticate.
27 Tripinna'ria. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-crenate. Corolla
sub-campanulate ; tube longer than the calyx ; throat widened ;
limb 5-cleft, spreading ; upper segment the largest. Stigma
bifid, acute. Berry large, fleshy. Seeds compressed.
Tribe I.
BIGNONIE'^ (this tribe contains genera agreeing with the
genus Bigncnia in important characters.) Capsule 2-celled, 2-
valved, sometimes falsely 4-celled. Dissepiment parallel or con-
trary to the valves. Seeds transverse, compressed, winged on
the edges.
^ 1. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a sterile one.
I. BIGNO'NIA (so named by Tournefort, in compliment to
the Abbe Bignon, Librarian to Louis IV.) Tourn. inst. 72.
,Juss. 139. Gaertn. fruct. t. 52. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 132. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. — Bignonia
species of Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed, rarely entire. Corolla with a short tube, a cam-
panulate throat, and a 5-lobed, bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, that is, 2 long, and 2 short, with the rudiment of a
fifth. Lobes of anthers divaricate. Stigma bilamellate. Cap-
sule silique-formed, 2-celled ; having the dissepiment parallel
with the valves ; seeds disposed in 2 rows, imbricate, transverse,
with membranous wings. — Usually scandent shrubs, furnished
with tendrils ; rarely erect trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite,
simple, conjugate, ternate, digitate or pinnate. Flowers axillary
and terminal, usually panicled. Corollas trumpet-shaped, white,
yellow, orange-coloured, purple, violaceous, or rose-coloured.
§ 2. Leaves simple.
1 B. vimina'lis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 132.) arbo-
reous ; leaves simple, usually by threes, linear, narrowed at
both ends, glabrous ; panicles terminal, sessile ; corollas gla-
brous. \i . S. Native of Mexico, on the western declivities of
mountains, betwixt Mescala and Estola, at the altitude of 360
hexapods. A tall tree, with a dense, pyramidal head. Leaves
8-10 inches long, and 5 lines broad. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth
acute. Corolla yellow, campanulately funnel-shaped ; limb
downy outside, with undulated margins.
Twiggy Trumpet-flower. Tree tall.
2 B. ? tomentosa (Thunb. jap. 252.) arboreous; leaves sim-
ple, cordate, tomentose, opposite ; flowers in axillary panicles.
tj . H. Native of Japan. Too-vulgo Kiri, Ksempf. amocn.
859. t. 860. Incarvillea tomentosa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 836.
Lower leaves cordate ; upper ones ovate-acute, 5-nerved, downy
above, and tomentose beneath, as well as the peduncles and
pedicels. Panicles at first trichotomous, then dichotomous.
Perhaps a species of Catulpa.
Tomentose Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree.
3 B.? tenuis'iliqua (Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 43.) climbing; leaves
simple, lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, opposite ; panicles
terminal ; corolla glabrous. I^ • \j- S- Native of South Ame-
rica. Branches beset with white dots. Leaves 2-3 inches long,
and 1 broad. Capsule or follicle Ig foot long.
Slender-podded Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
4 B. floribu nda ; leaves opposite, simple, ovate-roundish,
acuminated, sub-cordate, 3-nerved, petiolate ; flovvers crowded,
panicled. Tj . S. Native of Maranham, in low, bushy places.
Flowers very showy, flesh-coloured, in great profusion.
Bundle-flowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub straggling.
5 B. pa'llida (Lindl. bot. reg. 965.) erect, glabrous; leaves
simple, opposite, oblong, obtuse, rather cordate at the base ;
flowers axillary, usually solitary ; pedicels and calyxes lepi-
doted ; calyx turbinate, irregularly 5-toothed. Ij . S. Native
of St. Vincent. Branches terete. Corolla 2 inches long, fun-
nel-shaped : with a yellow tube, and a pale lilac limb ; lobes
crenately ciliated.
Pu/e-flowered Trumpet-flower. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
6 feet.
6 B. ? OBTUSiFOLiA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 418.) leaves alternate,
simple, ovate-oblong, obtuse ; corymbs small, terminal ; calyx
4-lobed, unequal; corolla tubular: with a 4-lobed, unequal,
reflexed limb. h^ . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves tapering into
the petioles. Flowers large. This differs from all the rest, in
the leaves being alternate, and in the corolla and calyx being
4-lobed.
Blunt-leaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub.
7 B. ? iliicif6lia (Pcrs. ench. 2. p. 170.) leaves nearly op-
posite, ovate, mucronate, coriaceous, glabrous : with revolute
margins. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar, Commers. There
is also a variety of this, with emarginate leaves.
Holly-leaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub.
§ 3. Leaves conjugate, that is, one pair of leaflets at the top of
each 'petiole, which is extended into a tendril.
8 B. u'nguis (Lin. spec. 869.) scandent, glabrous ; branches
terete ? ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; tendrils
bent, tripartite ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. I;. ^. S. Na-
tive of Barbadoes, St. Domingo, &c. Mill. dict. no. 5. — Tourn.
inst. 164. — Sloane, jam. 90. hist. 1. p. 208. — Plum. amer.
80. p. 94.— Plukn. aim. 109. t. 163. f. 2. Flowers yellow.
Follicles long.
C/nw Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1759. Shrub cl.
9 B. uncina'ta (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 210.) scandent, gla-
brous; leaves conjugate ; leaflets oval, drawn out into a cuspi-
date point ; tendrils trifid ; peduncles axillary. 1 -flowered ;
calyx bilabiate. ^ ■ ^j. S. Native of about the Essequibo.
Spathodea uncinata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835. Leaflets 2^ inches
long, and H broad, glabrous, shining above, having the veins
red beneath. Peduncles short, rising from 2 ovate-acute brae-
BIGNONIACE^. I. Bignonia.
217
teas. Corolla an inch long, yellow. Capsule a span long,
Seeds 2-lobed, acute, acuminated at both ends by a wing. Very
nearly allied to Bignonia linguis-cati.
Hooked Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
10 B. STAMiNEA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 416. Wiild. spec. S. p.
20S.) scandent ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets ovate-oblong ; ten-
drils simple, convolute; pedimcles axillary, 1 -flowered: stamens
and style exserted. ^ • ^- S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum,
spec. 5. icon. t. 5C. f. 2. Flowers yellowish purple, scentless.
Fruit hard, ovate. It differs from the rest, in the stamens
being longer than the corolla, in the style being very long, and
clavate.
//OHO'-s^flmened Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1825. Shrub cl.
11 B. capreola'ta (Lin. spec. 870. hort. cliff". 317.) scandent ;
leaves conjugate; leaflets cordate-oblong: lower ones simple ;
tendrils small, trifid : lobes bifurcate; peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered, crowded. '7 • ^y- H. Native of North America, in
the more southern parts. Sims, bot. mag. 864. — Breyn. icon.
33. t. 25. — Duham. arb. 1. p. 104. t. 40.— Bocc. sic. 31. t. 15.
f. 31.— Zan. hist. 74. f. 2. ed. 2d 49. t. S3. Calyx entire. Co-
rollas reddish yellow. Follicles flattened, a foot long.
Tendrilled Trumpet-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710.
Shrub cl.
12 B. LONGiFLORA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 58. t. 581.) scandent;
branches terete ; leaves conjugate; leaflets lanceolate, glabrous,
shining; tendrils simple; peduncles terminal, twice trifid ; co-
rolla funnel-shaped : upper lip erect, deeply emarginate ; lower
lip tripartite. f; . ^. S. Native of Guayaquil. Corolla 3
inches long, scarlet, copper-coloured inside.
Long-Jlowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
13 6. Chamberla'vnii (Sims, bot. mag. 2148.) branches
terete, glabrous ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated,
glabrous, shining above ; tendrils strong, simple ; racemes axil-
lary, 6-8-flowerid. t; . ^. S. Native of Brazil. B. aequi-
iioxialis, /3, Chamberlaynii, Ker. bot. reg. t. 741. Calyx cupu-
late, entire, or obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped,
yellow ; segments obtuse.
C/iamberliiyne's Trumpet-flower. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1820.
Shrub cl.
14 B. ^quinoxia'lis (Lin. spec. 869. Meyer, esseq. p. 210.)
scandent; branches terete, glabrous; leaves glabrous, conju-
gate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; tendrils simple, axillary ; pe-
duncles 2-flovvered : terminal ones racemose ; follicles linear.
'? • w S. Native of Cayenne, and the island of Arrowabisch.
— Plum. spec. 5. icon. 55. f. I. — Sabb. hort. 2. t. 85. Mil).
diet. no. 6. Flowers yellow. Calyx 5-toothed. Anthers
hairy, and peduncles 5. Vahl, I. c.
Equinoxial Trumpet-flower. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1768.
Shrub cl.
15 B. allia'cea (Swartz, prod. p. 91. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1039.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 421.) branches tetragonal; leaves conjugate;
leaflets elliptic, coriaceous; tendrils simple; peduncles axillary,
5-flowered ; calyx 5-toothed. fj . ^. S. Native of Guiana
and Cayenne, and the West Indies. Barrel, aequin. 23. Aubl.
guian. 2. p. 659. Leaflets large, acute at both ends, smelling
of garlic. Flowers large, white. The garlic scent of this spe-
cies is sufficient to distinguish it from all others, hence its trivial
name, and its name in French, Uane a Vail.
6'rtrZic-scented Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1790. Shrub cl.
16 B. rige'scens (Jacq. schoenbr. 2. p. 44. t. 210.) scandent;
leaves conjugate ; leaflets elliptic, retuse ; flowers racemose ;
peduncles 3-flowered ; tendrils simple, short ; calyx 5-toothed.
(j . ^. S. Native of the Spanish Main, at Caraccas, Willd.
spec. 3. p. 294. Leaflets ovate, stiflfish, ex Jacq. Corollas
white, with a tinge of red, yellow inside ; tube incurved ; seg-
ments of the limb obcordate. Branches terete.
VOL. IV.
Stiffish-\eaL\edL Trumpet-flower. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub cl.
17 B. salicifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 133.)
scandent; branches terete, sulcate, glabrous ; branchlets hairy ;
leaves conjugate; leaflets lanceolate, acute at both ends, quite
glabrous, shining ; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, 3-6-
flowered, downy. fj . ^. S. Native on the brinks of the
Orinoco, near Carichana, and of Trinidad. Leaflets membra-
nous, 3 inches long. Calyx quite entire. Corollas funnel-
shaped, 1^ inch long, copper-coloured ; with a white limb.
/ri7/r«;-/c«uerf Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
18 B. CHRYsoLEu'cA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
134.) scandent ; branches tetragonal, sulcately striated, glabrous ;
leaves conjugate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, glabrous, rounded
at the base, shining; tendrils undivided ; peduncles 3-5-flower-
ed. f? . v_c S- Native on the banks of the river Magdalena.
betwixt Rio Viego, and Bogorgne. Leaflets 5-6-inches long,
and 2 broad. Common petioles puberulous. Calyx quite entire.
Corolla glabrous, yellow, with a white limb, \\ inch long.
Yellow and ^F/»'?e-flowered Trumpet-flower. Fl. Ju. July.
Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
19 B. LACTiFLORA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 80. t. 66.) scandent,
glabrous ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets cordate, ovate, gla-
brous; tendrils trifid; racemes leafy at bottom ; limb of calyx
quite entire. Ij . ^. S. Native of the Island of Santa
Cruz. Branches striated. Leaflets 2 inches long. Racemes
twin ; with a petiolate bractea at the base of each pedicel. Co-
rolla 1^ inch long, milk white, villously tomentose on the outside.
Follicles lanceolate, 2 inches long, acute at both ends.
Milk-Jlowered Trumpet-flower. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub cl.
20 B. cRUciGERA (Lin. spec. 869.) scandent, glabrous ; leaves
conjugate, lower ones ternate ; leaflets ovate-cordate, acuminated ;
racemes axillary; stem muricated ; tendrils simple. ^. ^.G.
Native of Virginia, Mexico, &-c. Lin. hort. cliflT. 317. Mill,
diet. no. 12. — Grov. virg. p. 73. — Plum. icon. 48. t. 58. — Morr.
hist. 3. p. 672. sect. 15. t. 3. f. 16. Leaflets large. Flowers
yellow, whitish beneath. A transverse section of the stem re-
presents a cross, hence the trivial name. Follicles a foot long.
CVoix-ieflring- Trumpet-flower. FL? Clt. 1759. Shrub cl.
21 B. CRANDiFOLiA (Jacq. schcenbr. 3. p. 19. t. 287.) scan-
dent; petioles and branches scabrous; leaves conjugate; leaflets
oblong or ovate, acute at both ends; tendrils simple; corymb
terminal, trifid ; peduncles 3-flowered, scabrous. Tj . ^. S.
Native of the Spanish Main, about Caraccas, Willd. spec.
3 p. 296. Ker. bot. reg. 418. Hook. bot. mag. 301 1 . Leaflets
large, a foot long. Calyx bluntly 4-toothed. Corollas yellow,
2 inches long.
Greal-leaved Trumpet-flower. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1816.
Shrub el.
22 B. LATiFOLiA (Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 11.)
scandent, glabrous; leaves conjugate; leaflets ovate, nerved,
membranous ; tendrils ? spikes or racemes lateral ; calyx in-
flated, fj . ,^. S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers crowded, large,
yellow.
J?roarf-/eaued Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
23 B. pube'scens (Lin. spec. p. 870.) leaves conjugate, cir-
rhose ; leaflets cordate-ovate, downy beneath, 'r • .^- S. Native
of Campeche. Flowers yellow.
/J(i?;'n)/ Trumpet-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl.
24 B. AFFiNE ; leaves binate, cirrhose ? ; leaflets ovate-lan-
ceolate, cordate at the l)ase, downy beneath ; racemes terminal,
compound. Tj . v_^. S. Native of Maranham. Flowers middle-
sized, yellow. Nearly idlied to B. piibescens.
Allied Trumpet-flower. Sliruh cl.
25 B. picTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 136.)
F r
218
BIGNONIACEiE. I. Bignonia.
erect ; branches compressed, striated, glabrous ; leaves conju-
gate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, roundish at the base, rather coria-
ceous, glabrous, shining ; panicles terminal, few-flowered ; co-
rollas glabrous. ^2 ■ ^- Native of the province of Guayana,
between the town of Angostura and Farrera. Leaflets about 4
inches long, and 2h broad. Calyx quite entire. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped, white, striped with red ; throat yellow.
Prt/nierf-flowered Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet.
26 B. magnoli«f6lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
136.) creeping; leaves conjugate ; leaflets elliptic, short-acumi-
nated, rounded at the base, glabrous, shining ; panicles termi-
nal, simple ; corollas glabrous, h^ . S. Native of the Missions
of Orinoco, in woods near Javita, on the banks of the rivers
Tuamini and Temi. Leaflets coriaceous, reticulately veined.
Panicles spike-formed, nearly a foot long. Corolla wliite, with
a yellow throat.
Magnolia-leaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub creeping.
27 B. specta'bilis (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 80.) scandent, gla-
brous; leaves conjugate; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated,
obtuse ; tendrils simple ; flowers racemose, glabrous ; calyx
quite entire. Pj . ^. S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 294. Racemes terminal, short, having the 2
lower pedicels 3-flowered, and the rest 1 -flowered. Braeteas
setaceous. Corolla 3 inches long, rather coriaceous, glabrous,
purple ; segments obovate. Anthers glabrous. Stigma oblong.
67io«-(/ Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
28 B. elonga'ta (Vahl, eel. 2. p. 45. t. 16.) scandent; leaves
conjugate ; leaflets oval, tomentose beneath ; racemes very long,
terminal ; peduncles dichotomous ; tendrils strong, simple ?
I; . ^. S. Native of South America. Leaflets membranous, 3
inches long, ending in a blunt acumen, clothed with yellowish
tomentum beneath. Calyx truncate, entire. Corolla purple ?,
1| inch long, clothed with fine tomentum, as well as the calyxes.
£/ongn^ed-racemed Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub
clinnbing.
29 B. coRYMBiFERA (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 45. t. 17.) leaves con-
jugate, without tendrils ; leaflets sub-cordate, ovate, acumi-
nated, glabrous; corymbs axillary and terminal; calyx quite
entire. I7 . S. Native of South America. Corymbs triclioto-
mous. Corollas an inch long, downy.
Corymb-bearing Trumpet-flower. Shrub.
30 B. laurifolia (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 44.) leaves conjugate ;
leaflets oblong, glabrous ; racemes terminal ; branches dichoto-
mous ; corollas clothed with soft tomentum outside. Jj . S.
■ Native of Cayenne. Tendrils none.
ZawreZ-ZeoiTrf Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1804. Shrub.
31 B. MOLLissiMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
133.) scandent; branches terete, striated, downy ; leaves con-
jugate ; leaflets ovate, acute, cordate, clothed with soft hairs
above, and fuscescent tomentum beneath ; tendrils undivided ;
panicles axillary ; corollas downy ouside. Tj . ^. S. Native
of the province of Caraccas, in the valleys of Ai-agua, where it is
called Vejucohy the natives. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, and 1^
to 2 broad. Branches of panicle dichotomous, downy. Calyx
5-toothed. Corollas somewhat funnel-shaped. Follicles 7
inches long, downy.
Fery so/i Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
32 B. DIVERSIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
133.) scandent; branches quadrangular, striated, glabrous;
leaves conjugate and simple; leaflets roundish-ovate, acuminated,
sub-cordate, glabrous, shining ; tendrils undivided ; panicles
terminal ; corollas glabrous. ^ • ^- S. Native of Mexico,
near Campeche. Leaflets reticulately veined, and somewhat
5-nerved, membranous, 2| inches long, and 1| broad. Partial
petioles downy inside. Calyx 5-toothed. Corollas campanu-
lately funnel-shaped.
Diverse-leaved Trumytet-Rower. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl.
33 B. floribu'nda (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
134.) scandent; branches tetragonal, striated, warted ; leaves
conjugate ; leaflets oblong-elliptic, acuminated, acute at the
base, glabrous, shining ; tendrils undivided ; panicles axillary ;
corollas downy outside. H . ^. S. Native of Mexico, near
Campeche. Branches beset with white warts and fine powder.
Leaflets 2| inches long, and 15-16 lines broad. Panicle
powdery, with opposite branches, and dichotomous branchlets.
Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 8 lines
long.
Bimdle-JloweredTrum])et-(iov/er. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
34 B. oBLiQUA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 135.)
scandent ; branches terete, striated, powdery ; leaves conjugate ;
leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, retuse, obliquely cordate at the
base, coriaceous, glabrous, shining; tendrils undivided; pedun-
cles axillary, dichotomous ; corollas glabrous. h . ^. S.
Native of the province of Caraccas, in Isle de las Aves, situated
in the lake Tacarigua. Leaflets 3 inches long, and from 18 to
20 lines broad. Calyx quite entire, or irregularly 5-toothed.
Corollas funnel-shaped, red.
Oblique-leaved. Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
35 B. GLABRA TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 135.)
scandent ; branches terete, warted, glabrous ; leaves conjugate ;
leaflets ovate, obtuse, retuse, rounded at the base, rather coria-
ceous, glabrous, shining ; tendrils undivided ; inflorescence
unknown. ^ . ^. S. Native of the Spanish Main, near
Cumana, where it is called Fejiico bianco by the natives. Cap-
sule 7 inches long. It only differs from the preceding, in the
form of the leaves.
Glabrous Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
36 B. Honde'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3 p.
135.) scandent; branches terete, furrowed, glabrous; leaves
conjugate ; leaflets elliptic-ovate, acuminated, rounded at the
base, rather coi-iaceous, glabrous, shining ; tendrils and inflor-
escence unknown. ^ . ^. S. Native of New Granada, near
Honda, at the altitude of 130 hexapods. Branches whitish.
Leaflets 5-6 inches long, and 3 inches broad. Follicles 12-16
inches long.
Honda Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
37 B. TiLMFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 136.) branches
terete, striated, downy ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets roundish,
acuminated, cordate, membranous, glabrous, downy on the veins
beneath ; tendrils unknown ; spikes terminal ; corollas tomen-
tose outside. Tj . ^. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco.
Leaflets 3 inches long. Spikes 5-6-flowered, tomentose. Calyx
obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a curved
tube, widened upwards. Ovarium oblong, clothed with silky
tomentum.
Lime-tree-leaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
38 B. viLLosA (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 44.) leaves conjugate;
leaflets ovate, clothed with very soft villi ; tendrils filiform. ^ .
^. S. Native of the Island of St. Martha. Leaflets glabrous
above, except the midrib, 2 inches long, acuminated. Calyx
truncate, quite entire. Corolla 3 inches long, glabrous, purple.
Perhaps the same as B. pubescens, Lin. ; but the leaflets in that
plant are cordate, and the flowers yellow.
Villous Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
39 B. pyramida'ta (Rich, in soc. hist. nat. par. no 1. Pers.
ench. 2. p. 171.) scandent, glabrous; leaves conjugate ; leaflets
rather coriaceous ; panicles terminal, rather pyramidal, many-
flowered, composed of cymose corymbs. T^ • v_c S. Native of
Cayenne.
Pyramidal-^an\c]ed Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
40 B. ca'ndicans (Rich. 1. c.) scandent ; leaves conjugate ;
leaflets roundish-ovate, clothed with white tomentum beneath ;
BIGNONIACE;^. I. Bignonia.
219
panicles very loose, small-flowered. '; . ^. S. Native of
Cayenne.
/F/ii/is/i-leaved Trumpet-flower. Slirnb cl.
41 B. LONGisiLiQUA (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 330.) scan-
dent, cirrliiferous ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets deeply cordate,
acuminated, membranous, glabrous; racemes terminal, simple;
calyx 5-tootlied, and are, as well as the corollas, glabrous. Tj .
'^. S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river
Magdalena.
Long-podded Trumpet-flower. Shrub tw'.
42 B. Selloi (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 831.) scandent, cirrhiferous ;
leaves conjugate ; leaflets oblong, sub-cordate, acute, glabrous,
shining ; panicles opposite, horizontal, many-flowered ; calyxes
and corollas glabrous. b . '^. S. Native of Brazil.
Sello's Trumpet-flower. Shrub tw.
§ 2. Lorver leaves ternatc ; upper ones conjugate, furnished
n'ilh tendrils.
43 B. echina'ta (Jacq. amer. 183. t. 176. f. 52. GaErtn.
fruct. 1. p. 240. t. 52.) branches nodose, angular; petioles of
lower leaves dichotomous : branches trifoliate ; upper leaves
lernate and conjugate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; tendrils sim-
ple ; corymbs axillary. h . ^. S. Native of Carthagena and
Guiana, in sandy places. Aubl. guian. 2. p. G48. t. 264.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 415. Jacaranda echinata, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
834. Corolla flesh-coloured, an inch long. Follicles 5 inches
long, elliptic, muricated.
£c/(iHa?erf-podded Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1804. Shrub cl.
44 B. microca'lyx (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 211.) lower leaves
ternate : superior ones conjugate ; leaflets oval, obtuse ; flowers
racemose ; calyx 5-toothed, very short. Ij . ,^. S. Native
about Essequibo, climbing on the highest trees. Branches
nodose at the insertion of the leaves ; nodi compressed. Ten-
drils none. Racemes axillary, few-flowered. Corollas 3 inches
long, purple, elegantly striped inside ; segments obtuse. Lobes
of stigma obtuse, crenulated. This species is closely allied to
Bign. echinata, and Bign. helerophylla.
Small-calyxed Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
45 B. Chere^re (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 644. t. 260.) lower leaves
ternate; upper ones conjugate, cirrhose ; leaflets ovate, acumi-
nated, sometimes sub-cordate, glabrous ; cymes axillary. h •
^. S. Native of Guiana, in woods, on the banks of rivers. B.
heterophylla, Willd. spec. 3. p. 298. B. Kerere, Lam. diet. 1.
]). 420. Branches angular. Corollas 2 inches long, yellow.
Follicles ovate, hard, compressed.
CAerfre Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
46 B. venu'sta (Ker, bot. reg. t. 249.) scandent ; branches
angular, glabrous ; lower leaves ternate; superior ones conju-
gate ; leaflets oblong-ovate, acuminated, oblique at the base;
petioles villous inside ; corymbs terminal, many-flowered. Ij .
^. S. Native of Brazil. Calyx villous, short, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla clavately funnel-shaped, with a spreading border, villous
inside, crimson.
//Oi'e/y Trumpet-flower. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1816. Shrub
climbing.
47 B. incarna*ta (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 645. t, 261.) scandent ;
leaves large ; lower ones ternate ; upper ones binate ; tendrils
simple ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; corymbs axillary. T? . ^.
S. Native of Guiana, in woods, on the banks of the river
.Sinemari. Shrub sarmentose. Flowers numerous, rose-coloured.
Fruit long, flat.
Flesh-coloured-ttowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
§ 3. Leaves ternate or trifoliate, destitute of tendrils.
48 B. tripiiy'lla (Lin. spec. 870. Mill. diet. no. 14.) leaves
ternate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; stem shrubby.
erect. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Vera Cruz. Flowers
white, in terminal panicles.
7'/(rc'e-^(;«!'e(/ Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1733. Shrub erect.
49 B. MOLLIS (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 46. icon. pi. amer. t. 10.)
scandent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, sub-cordate, downy
on both surfaces ; panicles terminal, many-flowered ; flowers
small. h- <^- S. Native of Cayenne. 15. tomentosa. Rich,
in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 11. Branches beset with rufous
hairs. Leaflets 5 inches long, obtuse, with a short acumen.
Calyx clothed with brownish down, obsoletely 5-toothed. Co-
rolla downy.
6'o/rrrumpet-flower. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
50 B. piLULiFERA (Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 11.)
scandent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, with a short acu-
men ; panicles brachiate, composed of compound piluliferous
racemes. Tj . ,^. S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers small.
Pill-bearing Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
51 B. Carichane'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 137.) erect; branches terete, striated, glabrous; leaves
simple and ternate ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, glabrous, shining,
white beneath ; panicles terminal, sessile ; flowers pentandrous ;
corollas glabrous. 1/ . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco,
betwixt Encaramada and Carichana. Branchlets rather downy.
Branches of panicle dichotomous, hairy. Calyx obsoletely 5-
toothed, smoothish. Corolla having the tube widened above,
oblique, much longer than the calyx ; segments roundish ovate,
the 2 upper ones rather the largest. The 2 longer stamens
exserted ; filaments all pilose at the base. Anthers sagittately
bifid, with diverging lobes. Perhaps a new genus.
Caricliana Trumpet-flower. Shrub erect.
52 B. verrucosa (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 137.) erect?;
branches terete, striated, warted, glabrous ; leaves ternate ;
leaflets oblong, narrowed at top, obtuse, acutish at the base,
glabrous, shining ; panicles terminal, sessile ; corollas glabrous.
T; . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near the town of
Caicaro. Leaflets 2| inches long, and 5 lines broad. Petioles
downy. Branches of panicle dichotomous, downy. Calyx
downy, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, red. Follicles 3
inches long, glabrous.
Warled-hxaxiched Trumpet-flower. Shrub erect.
53 B. Apure'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 138.) scandent;
branches terete, a little striated, glabrous ; leaves ternate ;
leaflets elliptic-oblong, short-acuminated, acutish at the base,
glabrous, downy on the veins beneath ; spikes terminal, sessile;
corollas glabrous. T; . ^. S. Native on the shady banks of
the river Apures, near El Diamante. Branches white. Flowers
pedicellate, 2 inches long. Calyx irregularly 3-4 or 5-toothed.
Corolla funnel-sliaped, yellow, with roundish, spreading, nearly
equal lobes. Filaments hairy at the base ; the sterile one not seen.
/^p!//ei Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
54 B. iimbr6sa (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 138.) scandent? ;
branches compressed, striated, clothed with fine, downy hairs ;
leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate,
glabrous, shining ; flowers panicled ; corollas downy outside.
^^ . ^. ? S. Native of New Andalusia, in valleys, about Caripe.
Leaflets 5 inches long, and 2g broad. Petioles downy.
Branches of panicle dichotomous, downy. Calyx almost quite
entire. Flowers sweet-scented. Stamens with glabrous fila-
ments, and ciliately fringed anthers.
Shaded Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ?
55 B. riparia (H. B. et Kunth, I.e. p. 138.) scandent;
branches terete, striated, clothed with fine downy tomentura ;
leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate-roundish, acuminated, cordate,
beset with soft hairs on the veins beneath ; panicles axillary,
pedunculate ; corollas downy outside, fj . ,^. ? S. Native ol
New Gr.^nada, near Monipox, on the banks of the river Magda-
F F 2
220
BIGNONIACE^. I. Bignonia.
lena. Petioles downy. Bracteas linear, tomentose. Calyx
tomentose, almost quite entire. Corolla funnel-shaped, white.
The sterile filament has not been seen.
Riverside Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ?
56 B. littora'lis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 139.) scandent,
cirrhose ; branches terete, glabrous ; branchlets hairy ; leaves
ternate ; leaflets roundish-ovate, acuminated, clothed with soft
hairs on both surfaces ; panicles axillary ; corollas downy
outside. tj . ^■'i S. Native of Mexico, about Acapulco.
Petioles tomentose. Branches of panicle dichotomous, tomen-
tose. Calyx downy, obsoletely 5-toothcd. Corolla funnel-
shaped, red. The sterile filament has not been seen.
,Sea-«/iore Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. ?
57 B. h^ma'ntha (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 832.) erect ;
leaves ternate ; leaflets elliptic, retuse, coriaceous, quite gla-
brous ; peduncles short, axillary, few-flowered. Ij . S. Native
of Porto Rico.
Blood-flowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub erect.
5 -1. Leaves digitate, destitute of tendrils.
58 B. LEriDOTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 139.)
arboreous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, obtuse ;
with revolute edges, coriaceous, glabrous, covered with small,
scale-like dots beneath ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered ;
corollas glabrous. ij . S. Native of Cuba, between Havannah
and Regla. Branches angular, dichotomous. Peduncles clothed
^^ith rusty powder. Calyx irregularly 5-G-toothed, lepidoted
outside. CuroUa 2 inches long, funnel-shaped, rose-coloured ;
with a curved tube, and roundish, undulated lobes.
Scaly-dotted Trumpet-flower. Tree.
59 B. fluvia'tilis (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 655. t. 267. H. B. et
Kunth, 1. c. p. 139. Meyer, esseq. 211.) arboreous; leaves
quinate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous,
shining ; corymbs axillary, somewhat dichotomous ; corollas
downy outside. ?2 • ^- Native of Guiana, on the banks of
rivers, but always so near their mouths that the water is salt,
Aublet ; in humid places, on the banks of tiie Orinoco, near
Cariehana. Branches terete, warted. Petioles puberulous.
Calyx irregularly 3-5-cleft, clothed with white tonientuni, ex
Kunth, 4-5-toothed, ex Aubl. Corolla funnel-shaped, white.
FoUich s oblong, compressed, obtuse. Meyer's plant differs from
that of Aublet, in the peduncles being few-flowered and termi-
nal, in the calyxes being sub-quinquefid, and in the flowers
being fasciculately racemose. Corolla 2 inches long. Lobes of
stigma roundish, white.
River Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Tree tall.
60 B. aiscuLiFoLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
140.) arboreous ; leaflets 7, obovate-oblong, short-acuminated,
narrowed at the base, membranous, downy above, clothed with
canescent tonientuni beneath ; panicles terminal, sub-corymbose;
corollas downy outside. Jj . S. Native of Mexico, in hot
valleys, between Acapidco and Mescalo. A very tall tree.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla sub-campanulate, orange-coloured ;
with a very short tube ; a ventricose throat, which is plicate,
longitudinally inside ; the 2 upper segments of the limb erect,
smaller; the 3 lower ones reflexed, bearded, marked by a yellow
spot.
Horse-chestnut-leaved rrumpet-flov\er. Tree tall.
61 B. LEUcoxYLON (Lin. spec. p. 870.) arboreous; leaves
quinate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers
terminal, solitary or twin. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, on
the banks of rivers. Andr. bot. rep. p. 43. t. 43. Swartz,
obs. p. 233 Brown, jam. 263. — Pluk. aim. 215. t. 200.
f. 4. — Sloane, jam. p. 154. hist. 2. p. 62. Leaves with 5-7-8
leaflets. Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip rounded ; lower lip bifid ;
with ovate, sharp teeth. Corolla rose-coloured ; with a long.
narrow tube, swelling a little at top ; limb bilabiate ; upper
lip the shortest; all the segments rounded and waved, and
sjmewhat villous. Follicles long, Swartz, pendulous. The
wood is very hard and white. The flowers are white, not unlike
those of Stramonium, rising before the leaves, several together,
from the ends of the shoots. Pods square, Sloane.
7F/i;ie-?iJoorferf Trumpet-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759.
Tree.
62 B. chrysa'ntha (Jacq. schoenbr. 2. p. 45. t. 211.) arbo-
reous ; leaflets 5, ovate, acuminated, tomentose ; flowers termi-
nal, crowded. Tj . S. Native at Caraccas. Leaflets on long
pedicels, 5 inches long. Calyx tubularly-campanulate, 5-
toothed. Corollas 2 inches long, yellow. Flowers copious at
the tops of the branches; peduncles 1-2-flowered.
Yellow-flowered Trumpet-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1823.
Tree 12-26 feet.
63 B. hirsu'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 222. Willd. spec. 3. p.
299.) arboreous; leaves quinate ; leaflets obovate, emarginate,
downy beneath ; panicles terminal ; corollas curved, clothed
with rufescent, yellowish hairs outside. T; . S. Native of the
East Indies. Leaflets nearly 3 inches long. Flowers small,
yellow-red. Calyx nearly truncate, furnished with 4 very short
teeth. Stamens exserted.
Hairy Trumpet-flower. Tree.
64 B. ANTisYPHiLiTicA (Mart, reise. bras, ex Linnaea, 5. p.
38.) arboreous ; lower leaves bipinnate ; superior ones digitately
quinate ; leaflets ovate, long-acuminated, glabrous ; panicles
dichotomous ; capside linear, flat. Fj . S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Rio Negro. Flowers green. Calyx inflated.
Anlisiphylitic Trumpet-flower. Tree.
65 B. Megapota'mica (Spreng. syst. add. p. 237.) leaves
quinate, glabrous ; leaflets petiolate, obovate-oblong, quite en-
tire ; peduncles bifid, axillary, cymose ; calyx 5-toothed ;
corolla downy. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Grande.
Rio Grande Trumpet-flower. Shrub or tree.
66 B. orbicula'ta (Jacq. amer. 184. t. 180. f. 79.) scandent ;
leaves quinate; leaflets oblong, acuminated, glabrous; racemes
axillary. I; . ^. S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Jaca-
randa orbicul^ta, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 834. Leaflets on long
petioles There is a tendril on the upper leaves, in place of a
terminal leaflet. Flowers middle-sized, sweet-scented, yellowish,
with a paler limb. Follicles large, orbicular, compressed, flat,
shining, nearly like those of Jacaranda Baharnensis. This is
perhaps a species oi Jacaranda.
Or6(CM/((r-podded Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
§ 5. Leaves abruptly pinnate, or bipinnate, furnished rvilh
tendrils.
67 B. Chica (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. ajquin. 1. p. 107. t. 31.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 142.) scandent ; leaves abruptly
bi-pinnate ; leaflets conjugate, elliptic-ovate, acuminated, deeply
cordate, glabrous; panicles axillary, pendulous. I;. ^. S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, and Cassiquiares, near
Maypures ; Esmeralda; and Mandavaea. Bark chinky. Branches
terete, green, dotted with brown. 1. eaves 8-10 inches long,
abruptly bi-pinnate ; pinnae 2 pair ; leaflets conjugate. Tendrils
simple, from the tups of the general and partial petioles.
Branches of panicle dichotomous. Calyx almost quite entire,
fleshy. Corolla funnel-shaped, violaceous ; limb with nearly
equal, rounded segments. Follicles 2 inches long, compressed,
5 an inch broad.
C/«ca Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl.
68 B. cle'matis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 141.)
scandent; leaves conjuyately pinnate, with an odd one; leaflets
2 pairs, ovate, narrowed at top, acute, cordate at the base,
glabrous ; flowers panicled. I? . ^. S. Native of Llanos de
BIGNONIACE.E. I. Bignonia.
•221
Caiaccas, betwixt the town of Calabozo, and the river Giiarico.
Habit of Cleinal'ts vitalba. Branches quadrangular, glabrous.
Leaves 7-8 inclies long ; leaflets 2 inches long, and 1 broad.
Tendrils petiolar, trifid at apex. Panicles axillary, downy.
Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed, cleft lengthwise, tomentose. Corollas
white, yellowish inside ; lobes nearly equal, roundish, red.
I'irgin-huwer-Uke Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
C9 B. JASMINIFOLIA (H. B. ct Kuutli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
141.) scandent ; leaves conjugatcly bipinnate, with 2-3 ])air of
pinna, and an odd one ; leaflets 3-4 pair, with an odd one,
ovate, obtuse, rounded at the base, the terminal one twice as long
as the lateral ones, ovate-lanccolnte. fj . ,_,. S. Native on the
banks of the rivers Orinoco and Atabapo, near San Fernando.
Branches quadrangular. Leaflets rather coriaceous, 5-8 lines
long, lower ones sometimes ternate. Stipidas ? twin, dimidiate,
roundish-ovate. Follicles compressed, 7 inches long. This is
a very elegant species.
Jasmine-leaved Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1826. Shrub cl.
70 B. terna'ta ; scandent; leaves ternate; divisions pinnate ;
leaflets oblong, acute, coriaceous ; panicles terminal. I; . ^.
S. Native of Maranham, among bushes, but rare. Flowers
pale red.
Ternate-]eaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl.
71 B. BiJUGA (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 68.) glabrous; scandent? ;
leaves abruptly pinnate; with only 2 jiair of elliptic, acuminated,
obtuse, shining leaflets ; petioles margined ; racemes terminal ;
peduncles articulated, compressed ; pedicels filiform ; calyx
with an almost entire border. h . S. Native of Madagascar.
Branches alternate, compressed. Leaves rarely conjugate.
Leaflets petiolate.
Two-j a/rerf-leaved Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. ?
§ 6. Leaves impari-pinnate, deslitute of tendrils.
72 B. I!acem6sa (Lam. diet. 1. p. 424.) glabrous, scandent;
leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, acute ; common
petioles winged ; racemes simple, loose, longer than the leaves ;
calyx short, almost truncate ; corolla tubular, with a very short,
nearly equal limb. P; . ^. S. Native of Madagascar. Leaflets
shining, almost an inch long. Calyx truncate.
I'ar. /3 ; leaflets more numerous, ovate-lanceolate, Ij . S.
Native of Madagascar. Leaflets 9-11. Flowers smaller, dis-
posed in racemes, which are hardly the length of the leaves.
iface»»oie-flowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ?
73 B. compre'ssa (Lam. diet. 1. p. 424.) glabrous, scandent? ;
branches alternately nodose and compressed ; leaves impari-
pinnate ; leaflets 3 to 7, oval-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ;
common petioles margined ; ultimate branches compressed ;
calyx almost truncate, with 5 very minute teeth. fj . ,_^. S.
Native of the East Indies. Leaves on the compressed branches
very minute, and simple. Flowers small, few, nearly sessile, at
the tops of the branches.
Compressed-hr3.T\cheA Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ?
74 B. macrosta'ciiya (Wall. cat. no. 6505.) young branches
and rachi of leavts downy; leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets 9,
coriaceous, obovate-oblong, acuminated, the lower ones smaller
and rounder : having small, subulate stipels at the base of the
petiolules ; racemes long, terminal, simple ; corolla downy out-
side ; bracteas long, linear, one to each pedicel. T? . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, on the banks of the Saluen river, and on
rocks at Kogun.
Long-spiked Trumpet-flower. Tree.
75 B. fimbria'ta (Wall. cat. no. 6500.) erect? ; leaves
impari-pinnate ; leaflets hairy, ovate-lanceolate, long-acumi-
nated ; panicles terminal, trichotomous, beset with glandular
hairs, as well as the calyxes, which are 5-lobed ; corolla funnel-
shaped, with lacerately-fringed segments ; capsule long. ^ . S.
Native of the Burmese Empire, at Moalmeyne.
Fringcd-^owcreA Trumpet-flower. Sliriib or tree.
76 15. MULTiJUGA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. I. p. 81. t. 95. t. 96.)
arboreous ; leaves impari-pinnate, with many pairs of leaflets ;
leaflets dimidiately ovate-cordate, acuminated, quite entire ;
panicles large, terminal ; cajjsule flat, lanceolaie, membrana-
ceously winged. Ij . S. Native of Silhet and Penang. A
large tree, with thick, dotted branches, long leaves, and large
leaflets. Flowers large, 3 inches long, by threes, dirty yellow,
purplish inside, of a saponaceous odour. Panicle 4 feet long,
erect. Calyx pentagonal, divided into 5, acute, cuspidate teeth.
Corolla campanuhite, densely villous outside. Wings of seed
drawn out at both ends.
7l/rtwj/-paircrf-leaved Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1827. Tree.
77 B. adenophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 6503.) branches downy ;
leaves impari-pinnate, downy beneath, as well as the rachi ;
leaflets obovate-oblong, mucronate, sessile ; the terminal one the
largest, becoming gradually smaller to the base ; the lowest
pair close to the stem, and rounder, distant from the others ;
panicles terminal, clothed with rusty down ; calyx large, campa-
nulate, thickly clothed w ith rusty down ; lobes triangular, acute ;
corolla large, thickly clothed with woolly tomentum outside,
but glabrous inside, with rounded lobes. P; . S. Native of
the Burmese Empire, on mount Taong-Dong, banks of the
Irrawaddi ; Prome ; Segaen. Peduncles and pedicels thick.
Bracteas ovate-acuininated, deciduous. Pods long, terete, ribbed,
and curved, tomentose.
Gland-leaved Trumpet-flower. Tree.
78 B. TelfaIri^ (Bojer, mss. ex Hook. hot. mag. 2976.)
arboreous ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 6-9 pair of ovate-oblong,
acuminated, shining leaflets ; panicles terminal, loose ; capsules
terete, acuminated, fleshy ; seeds broadly winged. Fj . S. Native
of Madagascar, in the temperate regions of the mountains of
Angove. Flowers horizontal, drooping, large, of a most delicate
rose-colour. Calyx cam])anulate, with acute, green teeth, edged
with red. Lobes of corolla rounded, crenately fringed.
Telfair's Trumpet-flower. Tree 20 feet.
79 B. Cole'i (Bojer, mss. ex Hook. bot. mag. 2817.) leaves
3 in a whorl, impari-pinnate ; leaflets 5, elliptic, quite entire ;
flowers rising from the main stem, in clusters, on short pedicels ;
capsules oblong, acuminated, warted. \} . S. Native of the
Mauritius, and Timor. B. ramiflora, Nov. ann. mus. 3. p. 381.
Calyx angular, 5-tootlied, coloured ; teeth obtuse. Corolla with
a cylindrical tube, swollen upwards, thrice as long as the calyx,
reddish, veined with yellow; segments of the limb roundish,
waved, reddish purple. Anthers 1-celled, the other cell being
abortive.
Ladij Cole's Trumpet-flower. Tree.
§ 7. Leaves decompovnd.
80 B. varia'bilis (Jacq. hoit. schoenbr. 2. p. 45. t. 212.)
scandent, glabrous ; branches tetragonal ; lower leavts biter-
nate ; superior ones conjugate, divisions ternate ; tendrils trifid,
terminating the common petioles, as in the rest of the spe-
cies ; racemes sitnple, short, many-flowered, terminal ; calyx
5-toothed. ^ . ^. S. Native of Caraccas. Leaflets oblong,
acuminated, glabrous. Corollas 3 inches long, with a greenish
yellow tube, having the limb at first of the same colour ; but this
afterwards becomes white.
Variable Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl.
81 B. a'lba (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 653. t. 266.) scandent;
glabrous : leaves composed of 3 pinnate divisions, each division
composed of 5 ovate-acuminated, petiolate leaflets ; corymbs
axillary, dichotomous, many-flowered. (j . ^. S. Native of
Guiana, on the banks of the ri\er Sinemari, Lam. diet. 1. p.
420. Willd. spec. 3. p. 505. Jacaranda alba, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 834. Petioles and branchlets nodose. Flowers white. Fruit
ovate-oblong, rugged.
BIGNONIACEjE. I. BiGNONiA. II. Siathodea.
jr/M<f-floweied Tiumpet-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
82 B. am(e"na (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 78. t. 183.) leaves
tripinnaie : each pinnae furnished with 3 to 9 lanceolate, acumi-
nated, quite entire, smooth leaflets ; panicle terminal, trichoto-
mous ; calyx bluntly 3-lobed ; limb of corolla puberulous out-
side. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Bign. amara, Loud,
hort. brit. p. 483. Branches cylindrical, dotted. Flowers very
fragrant, pale yellow, orange-coloured inside, drooping, sub-
corvrabose. Capsule cylindrical, slender, spiral. Leaves and
leaflets on long, angular stalks.
Pleasing Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1828. Tree.
83 B. Ghorta (Hamilt. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 6510.) gla-
brous: leaves impari-bipinnate ; common rachi jointed : partial
ones winged, as also jointed ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, atte-
nuated at the base, sessile, the odd one the largest ; panicles
terminating the branches ; lobes of calyx slight, mucronate ;
corolla glabrous. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
middle-sized. Leaves puberulous in the young state. Leaves
with 3 pair of pinnae, the pinnae furnished with 2-3 pairs of
leaflets.
Ghorta Trumpet-flovver. Tree or shrub.
Cult. All the species of this genus are tridy splendid while
in blossom, and the greater number of them climbers ; they are
therefore desirable plants to train up rafters and pillars, in
stoves, as they grow and flower freely. A mixture of loam and
peat huits them best ; and cuttings taken from young shoots strike
root readily, under a hand-glass, in heat, either in mould or
sand.
II. SPATHO'DEA (from awa^iri, spathe, a spathe, in re-
ference to the form of the calyx.) Beau v. fl. d'ow. I. t. 29.
R. Br. prod. p. 471. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
14G. — Bignonia species, Lin. Roxb. and others.
Lin. syst. Didynawia, Angiospermia. Calyx spathaceous,
cleft on one side, and toothed or entire on the other side.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a S-lobed, rather unequal, sub-
bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didynanious, that is, 2 long, and 2
short, with the addition of a fifth sterile filament. Cells of an-
thers divaricate, hanging by their connective. Stigma bilamel-
late. Capsule silique-formed, falcate, falsely 4-celled ; dissepi-
ment contrary, corky. Seeds furnished with membranous
wings, transverse. — Erect shrubs or trees, rarely climbing
shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, simple, conjugate,
but usually impari-pinnate. Leaflets entire. Flowers some-
what panicled, orange-coloured, yellow, or purple.
§ 1. Leaves simple.
IS.? ALTERNiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 472.) leaves alternate,
sim|)le, somevvhat ovate, entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; stem
arborescent. fj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic,
Bauer.
Alternate-leaved Spathodea. Tree.
2 S. ? coMosA ; tender parts very downy; leaves opposite,
simple, cordate ; corymbs terminal, short, leafy ; calyx 5-cleft ;
corolla with a lonij, slender tube, and bilabiate border. Ij . S.
Native of Moluccas. BignOnia com6sa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p.
103.
Tufted Spathodea. Tree.
§ 2. Leaves conjugate, tendrilled.
3 S. LAURiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 146.)
scandent ; branches compressed, a little striated, glabrous ;
leaves conjugate; tendrils simple; leaflets ovate, obtuse, coria-
ceous, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, few-flowered ; calyx cleft
on one side, and entire on the other, fj . ^. S. Native of New
Andalusia, in woods, near Bordones and Cumana. Leaves 3i
inches long, and 2 broad. Peduncles dichotomous, 3-7-flowered.
Corollas orange-coloured.
Laurel-leaved Spathodea. Shrub cl.
4 S. Orinoce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 147.) scandent ;
branches terete, furrowed, glabrous ; leaves conjugate ; tendrils
simple ? ; leaflets oblong, acute, coriaceous, glabrous ; calyx
cleft on one side, and entire on the other. 1^ . ,^. S. Native
on the banks of the Orinoco, near Carichana. I/eaflets 4 inches
long. Inflorescence and colour of flowers unknown.
Orinoco Spathodea. Shrub cl.
5 S. obova'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) scandent ; branches
terete, striated, downy; leaves conjugate; tendrils simple?;
leaflets obovate, acuminated, glabrous ; axillary peduncles 1 -
flowered, and the terminal ones 3-flowered ; caly.x irregularly
3-5-cleft. J; . ,_^. S. Native of New Granada, near Turbaco.
Bign. obovata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 330. Petioles puberulous.
Leaflets 4 inches long, and 2n broad. Corollas about 2 inches
long, violaceous. This plant, from the form of the calyx, pro-
bably does not belong to the genus.
Obovate-leaved Spathodea. Shrub cl.
6 S. unca'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835.) scandent, glabrous ;
branches terete; leaves conjugate, undulated; tendrils longer
than the petioles, trifid at apex, hooked ; calyx spathaceous,
bilabiate ; flowers lateral, umbellate, aggregate. ^ • ^. S.
Native of Guiana, and the West Indies. Bignonia uncata, Andr.
hot. rep. t. 530. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1511.- — Pluk. aim. p. 109.
t. 163. f. 2. ? Flowers yellow. Perhaps a species o{ Big7ibnia.
Hooked Spathodea. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1804. Shrub cl.
§ 3. Leaves impari-pinnate.
7 S. heterophy'lla (R. Br. prod. p. 472.) arboreous ;
leaves glabrous, pinnate and ternate, or simple ; leaflets lanceo-
late-linear, entire ; flowers racemose. I7 . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Various-leaved Spathodea. Tree.
8 S. glandulosa (Blum, bijdr. p. 762.) arboreous ; leaves
impari-pinnate and ternate; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated,
glabrous, furnished with many glands beneath at the base ;
panicles axillary and terminal, straight, tj . S. Native of Java,
on the mountains of Parang, and at the foot of Mount Tjerimai.
Glandular-Xea^ened Spathodea. Fl. year. Tree 15 to 25 feet.
9 S. adena'ntha ; leaves ternate, verticillate, or impari-
pinnaie ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, serrated ; racemes
terminal. Ij . S. Native of Guinea. Bignonia glandulosa, Schum.
pi. guin. p. 274. Limb of calyx obsoleteiy 4-toothed. Corolla
pale purple ; segments roundish, scattered with glands outside.
Gland-Jlcwered Spathodea. Tree 30 feet.
10 S. Rhee'dii (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835.) arboreous; leaves
downy, impari-pinnate ; leaflets 3-7 pairs, roundish, downy ; ra-
cemes terminal, erect ; calyx spathaceous ; corolla much curved,
slender. Tj. S. Native on the coast of Coromandel and
Malabar. Bignonia spathacea, Lin. suppl. 283. Retz. obs. 5.
p. 5. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 144. fl ind. 3. p. 103. Bign. falcata,
Kon. mss. — Rheed. 6. p. 53. t. 29. Shoots covered with whitish
down. Racemes length of leaves. Flowers white, pretty large.
Limb spreading. Fruit about a foot long, pendulous, twisted in
various forms. This tree is called Woody by the Telingas ;
Will-padri by the Tamuls.
/f/(eede'« Spathodea. Clt. 1794. Tree.
lis. cRisPA (Wall. cat. no. 6515.) arboreous ; leaves villous,
while young, pinnate; leaflets 5-7, oblong; racemes solitary,
terminal, bearing a few flowers on long pedicels ; calyx spatha-
ceous ; corolla salver-shaped, having the segments of the border
nearly equal, and much curled. h . S. Native of Mysore,
where it was collected by Dr. Buchanan. Bign. atrovirens.
Roth. herb. madr. S. atrovirens, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835.
Leaves 6-10 inches long. Leaflets simple, very rarely ternate.
BIGNONIACEiE. II. Spathodea. III. Tecoma.
223
Flowers large, white. Tube of corolla cylindrical, as in the last
species. Follicles pendulous, 12-14 inches long.
C«;7crf-flowered Spathodea. Tree 25 feet.
12 S. Roxbu'rgiiii (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835.) arboreous ; leaves
3 in a whorl, or scattered, impari-pinnate ; leaflets from 4 to 5
pairs, serrated, smooth ; j anicles erect, terminal, dense, downy,
many-flowered ; fruit narrow, 4-celled ; calyx generally 2-part-
ed, with the upper lip 2-cleft, very downy. )^ . S. Native of
the Circars. Bignonia quadrilocularis, Roxb. cor. 2. t. 145. fl.
ind. 3. p. 107. Bark grey, with a few scabrous spots. Branches
forming a dense, spreading head. Flowers large, rose-colouied,
delightfully fragrant. Limb of corolla nearly equal, having the
edges elegantly waved. Fruit a foot long, 2 inches broad, ^ an
inch thick, straight, 2-valved, 4-celled : dissepiment enlarged in
the middle, on each side, into a sharp ridge, which touches the
valves, and divides each of the usual cells into 2 compartments ;
and in these ridges the seeds are fixed. This species is also
remarkable on account of the serrated leaves. The wood is
employed for many purposes by the natives.
Roxburgh's Spathodea. Clt. 1820. Tree large.
13 S. stipulaVa (Wall. cat. no. 6518.) arboreous ; tender
parts villous; leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets 4-6 pairs from
ovate to oblong-elliptic ; common petioles ciiannelled ; stipulas
a tuft of sessile, orbicular ones in the axils of the leaves. Tj .
S. Native of Pegu. Bignonia stipidata, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p.
108. Branches 4-cornered. Calyx and peduncles very woolly.
Follicles cylindrical.
Stipulate Spathodea. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
14 S. LONGIFLOKA (Vent, ex Pers. ench. 2. p. 173.) arbo-
reous ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets about 4 pairs, ovate to
oblong, entire, cuspidate, downy while young ; lower pair the
smallest ; panicles large, spreading, terminal ; corolla bilabiate ;
follicles pendulous, long, slender, sub-cylindrical, with sharp
edges, and variously curved. Tj . S. Native about Coromandel
and Malabar, in the more mountainous parts, as well as of
Ceylon and Java. Bignonia chelonoides, Lin. suppl. 283.
Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 106. Bignonia longiflora, VVilld. spec.
3. p. 304. Padri, Rheed, mal. 6. p. 53. t. 29. Pori-padyra-
marmn of the Tamids, and Tagada of the Telingas. Bark
scabrous, brown. Leaves a foot long, glabrous in the adult
state. Leaflets 4 inches long, and 2 broad. Ramifications of
panicles decussate, the smaller or terminal ones dichotomous,
with a sessile flower in the fork. Flowers pretty large, yellow,
very fragrant. Follicles very long. The wood of this tree is
high-coloured, hard, durable, and of much use amongst the
inhabitants of the hills, where it is plentiful.
Long-Jlowered Spathodesi. Clt. 1816. Tree large.
15 S. CORYMBOSA (Vent, ex Pers. ench. 2. p. 173. ? Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 835.) erect; leaves conjugate, glabrous; leaflets
sub-cordate, acute, quite entire ; petioles glandular at the base ;
flowers corymbose. Ij . S. Native of Trinidad. Flowers
yellow.
C'or(/n!6o^e-flowered Spathodea. Clt. 1824. Tree.
16 S. campanula'ta (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 47. t. 27-28.)
arboreous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, impari-pinnate ; leaflets
9, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; flowers racemose,
terminal ; calyx thick, arcuately reflexed, rather villous. Jj .
S. Native of the west coast of Africa, in the kingdom of Waree.
Corolla large, campanulate, of a reddish orange-colour, having
the segments bordered with yellow. Genitals declinate. This
species is remarkable, in having alternate leaves ; the leaflets
are, however, opposite.
Campanula te-t\o\\ered Spathodea. Tree or shrub.
17 S. L«'vis (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 48. t. 29.) erect; leaves
impari-pinnate; leaflets 9, ovate, acuminated, toothed from the
middle to the apex ; flowers terminal. ^ . S. Native of Guinea,
as at Sierra Leone and Waree. Leaves alternate. Racemes com-
posed of 1-3-flowered peduncles. Flowers purple. Limb of
corolla unequal ; segments roundish. Calyx erect, smooth, 5-
toothed. This species is remarkable, in having the leaflets
toothed.
Smooth Spathodea. Clt. 1825. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
18 S. TULiPiFERA ; leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets oblong,
entire, hairy beneath ; racemes corymbose, tomentose. 1q . S.
Native of Guinea, at Aquapim. Bignonia tulipifera, Tlionn. ex
Schum. pi. guin. p. 273. Pedicels solitary. Corolla large,
scarlet ; segments ovate, with curled yellow edges. Tube of
corolla short.
Tulip-bearing Spathodea. Tree large.
19 S. ? FRAXiNiFOLiA (H. B. ct Kuuth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
147.) scandent ; branches compressedly quadrangular, furrowed,
glabrous ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, obtuse,
glabrous, shining; panicles terminal, with opposite, compressed,
dichotomous branches ; calyx deft on one side, and nearly
entire on the other. Ij . ^. S. Native of Llanos de Carac-
cas, near Calaliozo, in humid places, on the banks of the
river Guarico. Bignonia fraxinifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 833.
Branches warted. Leaves 8-9 inches long, with 3 pair of
leaflets. Axils of petioles glandular. Corolla yellow, 5- rarely
4-cleft.
^4/j-/c«i>f(/ Spathodea. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
20 S. giga'ntea (Blum. bijd. p. 761.) arboreous; leaves
pinnately decompound ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acinninated,
quite glabrous ; panicles terminal, straight. h . S. Native of
Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Kipadali.
Gigantic Spathodea. Fl. year. Tree 80 feet.
Cult. See Bignonia, p. 222, for culture and propagation.
Like the species of Bignonia, they are splendid plants when in
blossom.
III. TE'COMA (from Tecomaxochitl, the Mexican name of
one of the species.) Juss. gen. p. 139. R. Br. prod. 471. H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 142. — Bignonia species, Lin.
and others.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Ayigiospcrniia. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed. Corolla with a short tube, and a campanulate
throat ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, that
is, 2 long, and 2 short, with the rudiment of a fifth sterile
filament. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, 2-
celled, having the dissepiment contrary to the valves. Seeds
disposed in 2 rows, imbricate, winged, transverse. — Erect trees
or shrubs, rarely scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple,
impari-pinnate or digitate. Flowers terminal, panicled, yellow
or flesh-coloured.
§ 1. Leaves simple.
1 T. undula'ta ; arboreous ; leaves opposite, simple, linear-
lanceolate, undulated ; racemes lateral; limb of calyx cut into 5
emarginate segments ; follicles linear, a little compressed.
Tj . S. Native of Hindostan. Bignonia undulata, Roxb. fl.
ind. 3. p. 101. Bignonia salicifolia, Hamilt, herb. Bark
scabrous. Branches drooping like the IVeeping jyHlow. Leaves
clothed with minute, micaceous scales. Racemes 2-3 inches
long, 5-6-flovvered. Flowers very large, erect, orange-coloured.
Segments or teeth of calyx often emarginate. Corolla with an
obliquely campanulate tube, and a 4-parted limb ; the upper
division large, and divided into 2 rounded lobes; the under 3
equal, with rounded, curled edges. Pods curved. Seed witli a
very thin membranous margin all round ; dissepiment contrary.
Undulaied-Rowered Tecoma. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
2 T. sple'ndida (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 834.) shrub erect;
leaves crowded, linear, acute, fleshy, glabrous ; flowers subra-
cemose, terminal ; anthers exserted, woolly. J? . S. Native of
Brazil. Esterhazia splendida, Mikan.
Sjylendid Tecoma. Fl. ? Clt. 1 820. Shrub erect.
224
BIGNONIACE^. III. Tecoma.
§ 2. Leaves digitate.
R T. digita'ta (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 142.
arboreous ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves digitate ; leaflets
obovate-oblonfr, quite entire, acute, glabrous. Jj . S. Native
of New Andalusia, near Santa Cruz. Bark white. Leaflets 7
on each leaf, middle leaflet the largest. Capsule terete. Perhaps
belonging to a distinct genus.
/j;^;;«?e-leaved Tecoma. Clt. 1S18. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
4 T. pentaphv'lla (Juss. gen. 139.) arboreous; leaves digi-
tate, quinate ; leaflets obovate-lanceolate, quite entire, acute.
Ij . S. Native of the West Indies and Brazil, if Guari-pariba,
Marcgr. bras. 108. t. 118. Bignonia pentaphy'lla, Lin. spec. p.
870. hort cliff". 497. Schlecht, in Linna?a, G. p. 734. Swartz,
obs. 233. Flowers 4-5 together, at tiie ends of the branches,
))ale blue, sweet scented. Corolla 2 inches long. Leaves pale
areen, wliitish beneath, beset with minute glabrous dots, as
well as the calyxes and pedicels. Leaflets on longish petioles.
Calyx bilabiate : upper lip subtridentate, a little longer than
the lower one, which is entire or bifid. Capsule 4-5 hnes long,
and 3 lines broad.
Fire-leaved Tecoma. Tree 25 feet.
5 T. serratifolia ; arboreous ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 4-5,
ovate, attenuated, serrated, glabrous ; pedicels terminal, crowded,
1 -flowered ; calyx bilabiate. 1;. S. Native of Trinidad,
where it is called Pony by the Spaniards. Bignonia serratifolia,
Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 46. Lateral leaflets smaller than the middle
ones, all unequally serrated from the middle. Peduncles clothed
with farinaceous tomentum, sometimes 2-flowered. Corolla
yellow, 3 inches long.
Serriilcd-leaicd Tecoma. Clt. 1822. Tree.
§ 3. Eject trees and shrubs, with im^Jaripinnate leaves.
6 T. AZALEa;F6LiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
142.) arboreous ; branches quadrangular, glabrous ; leaflets
3-4 pair, oblong, obtuse, serrated, glabrous ; panicles simple,
terminal. Pj . S. Native of the eastern declivities of the
Andes of Peru, near Sondorilla, on the banks of the river
Guancabatnba, where it is calltd Fresno by the natives.
Branches brown. Leaves 3 inches long ; leaflets small. Pani-
cles composed of simple racemes. Flowers flesh-coloured.
Capsule compressed, 4 inches long.
Azalea-leaved Tecoma. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
7 T. rosjEI-olia (H. B. el Kunth, 1. c. p. 143.) arboreous?;
branches terete, striated a little, glabrous ; leaflets usually 2
1 air, oblong, obtuse, serrated, glabrous ; racemes terminal,
simple. J; . S. Native of Quito, near Chillo. Leaves usually
impari-pinnate, rarely ternate or sim]ile. Leaflets 1 inch long.
Corollas yellow. Capsule as in the preceding species.
Rose -leaved Tecoma. Tree.?
8 T. SAMBUciFOLiA (H. B. et Kuntli, 1. c p. 143.) arboreous ;
branches a little compressed, glabrous; leaves usually 2-3 pair,
oblong, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ; panicles terminal,
simple. 1; . S. Native of the Andes of Peru, near Montan.
Leaves usually impari-pinnate, intermixed also with ternate and
simj)le ones. Leaflets 1^ inch long. Panicle composed of simple
racemes. Flowers yellow. Capsule 4 inches long, warted.
Elder-leaved Ttcoma. Clt. 1824. Tree 10 feet.
9 T. sta'ks (Juss. gen. 139.) arboreous; branches somewhat
tetragonal, ghibrous ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ser-
rated, glabrous; racemes terminal, simple. ^.S. Native of
various parts of South America, and the West Indies, Mexico,
&c. Hook. hot. mag. 3191. Bignonia stans, Lin. spec. 871. —
Plum. spec. 5. icon. 54. — Sloan, hist. 2. p. 63. Leaflets 4-5 pair.
Terminal leaflets 3 inches long, the rest shorter. Fl wers yellow.
Far. /3, hicisa ; leaflets more deeply cut. ^ . S. Native of
South .America. Bignonia inci a, Colv. cat. Tecoma incisa.
Sweet, bort. brit. p. l82.
,S';anf/mg Tecoma. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1730. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
10 T. soRBiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 144.) arboreous? ;
branches tetragonal, glabrous ; leaflets usually 2 pair, oblong,
acuminated, serrated, clothed with white tomentum ; panicles
terminal, siinple. ^ . S. Native near the town of Quito.
Termiiial leaflets about 4 inches long, lateral ones 3 inches long.
Branches of panicle simple, downy. Flowers unknown, but
probably yellow. Capsule narrowed, 7-8 inches long, warted.
Service-leaved Tecoma. Clt. ? Tree or shrub.
11 T. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) arboreous?; branches
compressedly tetiagonal, downy ; leaflets 4 pairs, oblong, acu-
minated, almost quite entire, clothed with soft down-like hairs,
on both surfaces ; panicles terminal, simple. ^ . S. Native of
Mexico, near Guanaxuato. Terminnl leaflets 3 inches long ; late-
ral ones 2^. Branches of panicle simple, downy. Corollas yellow.
6'o/i! Tecoina. Clt. 1824. Tree or shrub.
12 T. ? Ai'KICa'na ; arboreous ; leaflets 2 pair, obovate,
coarsely toothed, wrinkled ; racemes terminal, simple, 6-7-
flowered. ^ . S. Native of Senegal. Bignonia Africana,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 424. Leaves scabrous above. Terminal
leaflet petiolate, lateral ones sessile. Calyx cup-shaped, une-
qually 4-ckft. Corollas 2 inches long, 4-cleft. Perhaps a dis-
tinct genus.
African Tecoma. Tree tall.
13 T. fu'lva ; arboreous ; branches tetragonal ; leaflets
many pairs, cuneate, serrated, small, villous ; racemes axillary.
T; . S. Native of South America. Bignonia fulva, Cav. icon.
6. p. 58. t. 580. .SteiTi of a fuscous-violaceous colour. Common
petioles winged. Corollas yellowish.
/u/t'owi-flowered Tecoma. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
14 T. suave'olens ; arboreous ; leaflets 3 pair, oval, serru-
lated, glabrous; panicles ternu'nal, thin ; first divisions brachiate;
corolla woolly ; calys villous, with a 4-cleft limb : upper
division furnished with 2 luinute points. Jj . S. Native of
Bengal, and of the southern parts of the Coromandel coast.
Bii;n6nia suaveolens, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 104. Bign. nocti-
flora. Ham. herb. Bign. graii^sima. Kon. Bign. chelonoides,
Kon. Fatali is the Sanscrit name of the tree, see Asiat. res. p.
291. Parul is the Beiigalese name ; and Faral is the Hindos-
tanee name. Bark ash-coloured, rather scabrous. Leaflets ending
in narrow, bluntisli points ; the outer ones the largest, 6 inches
long, and 3 4 broad. Panicle composed of a few spreading
branches ; the first and second series thereof opposite ; the
upper ones dichotomous, with a solitary, pedicellate flower in
each fork ; all are thickly beset with glandular, viscid hairs.
Flowers large, of a dark, dull crimson colour, exquisitely fra-
grant. Corolla with an aniple woolly throat, convex beneath,
flat, and plaited above ; the upper division of the border shortest ;
having the margins of all curled. Ovarium oblong-clavate, on a
glandular receptacle.
Smeel-sei ?!/c'rf-flowered Tecoma. Tree.
§ 4. Climbing s/iriibs ; with imjiari-pinnate leaves.
15 T. Austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 471.) scandent, glabrous;
leaflets 5, elliptic, glabrous in the adult state, entire ; panicle
terminal; capsule oblong. Jj .,__,. G. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic, and of New South Wales. Bignonia Pandorea,
Vent. malm. t. 43. Andr. bot. rep, t. 86. Sims. hot. mag. 8G5.
Panicle composed of simple racemes ; also the racemes are often
axillary. Flowers pale red, with a d irk purple, bearded throat.
6'ou(/;e?n Tecoma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1793.
16 T. meona'ntha ; scandent, glabrous; branches angular ;
leaflets 9, lanceolate, subserrated, bluntish, mucronate, dotted
beneath ; panicles terminal ; corolla with a bearded throat. T^ .
^. G. Native of New Holland. Bignonia meonantha. Link.
eiunn. 2. p, 130. Bign. jiandorea minor, hort. angl. Serratures
of leaves (cw, bluntish. Corolla snbventricose, 8 lines long, of
BIGNONIACETE. III. Tecoma. IV. Jacaranda.
225
reddish white colour. Leaves and flowers smaller tlian in
Tecoma australis. Upper lip of corolla emarginate.
Smallcr-Jloivered Tecoma. Fl. April, July. Clt.? Shrub cl.
17 T. jASMiNOiDES ; leaves inipari-pinnate, glabrous, shining ;
leaflets 5, oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, entire, paler
beneath ; panicles terminal, tricliotomous. I; . ^. G. Native
of New Holland, in Moreton Bay. Bignonia jasminoides, Cun-
ningh. in Loud. hort. brit. p. 582. Branches terete, glabrous,
green. Calyx crenately 5-toQthed. Corolla funnel-shaped,
downy inside and outside, and a little bearded in the throat, of
a pale blush colour, almost white, with a dark purple throat.
Segments of corolla rounded, rather unequal. The fifth or ste-
rile filament very short, bearded at top ; all the rest bearded at
the base.
Jasviine-like Tecoma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1S30. Shrub cl.
18 T. DivERSiFOLiA ; leaves impari-pinnate, very variable;
lower ones smallest, with 11 sessile, ovate-roundish, unequal-
sided, deeply crenated leaflets : the terminal leaflets the largest,
ovate-oblong, and bluntly acuminated, having the common
petiole winged, and articulated at the pairs of leaflets ; the leaves
become as they ascend the stems gradually larger, the leaflets
more entire ; the ultimate ones are therefore the larjiest, with
only 5 leaflets, which are ovate-oblong, bluntish and repandly
crenate, having the terminal leaflet twice the size of the lateral
ones. Tj . ^. F. Native of New Holland. The petioles have
always narrow wings, and the leaves are dark green, glabrous,
and shining.
Dkcrse-lcavcd Tecoma. Fl. ? Clt. 1830. ? Shrub cl.
19 T. Cape'nsis (Lindl. bot. reg. 1117.) scandent, glabrous;
branches terete ; leaflets fi, ovate, serrated, bearded in the axils
of the veins beneath ; racemes terminal on long peduncles ;
calyx 5-toothed ; limb of corolla 4-parted ; segments nearly
equal, obtuse ; the upper one emarginate. ^ . v^. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Bignonia Capensis, Thunb. prod.
p. 105. Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 50. Flowers middle-sized, of
an orange scarlet colour, 2 inches long.
Ca})e Tecoma. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1783. Shrub cl.
20 T. GKANDiFLORA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 184.) slightly
scandent, glabrous : leaflets 7-9, ovate, acuminated, coarsely
serrated, attenuated at the base ; panicles terminal, pendu-
lous ; calycine segments lanceolate, length of the tube of
the corolla. ^2 • w ^- Native of China and Japan. Bigno-
nia grandiflora, Thunb. jap. 253. Blum, bijdr. 778. Bign.
Chinensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 424. Rjotsjo, Ksempf. amoen. p.
856. Banks, icon. Kaempf. t. 21. IncarviUea grandiflora,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 836. Tung-vong-fa of the Chinese.
Branches rooting. Young shoots spotted with dark purple.
Leaves 0-10 inches long ; petioles marginate. Flowers pendu-
lous, forming terminal, cross-armed panicles, large, of a tawny
orange colour on the outside, and of a tolerably bright reddish
orange inside, with brighter streaks. Nectary a glandular, cre-
nated ring. Anterior lobe of stigma recurved.
Great-Jlo7vered Tecoma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
climbing.
21 T. RADicANS (Juss. gcu. p. 139.) scandent, glabrous;
branches rough, radicant ; leaflets 9, ovate, acuminated, coarsely
serrated; racemes terminal, corymbose, on long peduncles; tube
of corolla 5 times longer than the calyx. Ij.,^. H. Native of Caro-
lina, Florida, and Virginia. Bignonia radicans, Lin. spec. 871.
hort. cliff'. 317. ups. 178. Grov. virg. 73. Mill. icon. t. 65.
Duham, arb. 1. p. 103. t. 1. Sabb. hoit. 2. t. 84. Du Roi,
hardb. 1. p. 116. Wangenh. amer. 68. t. 26. f. 53. Willd.
arb. 47. Curt. bot. mag. 485. — Riv. mon. p. 101. — Mor. hist.
S. p. 612. f. 15. t. 3. f. 1. — Corn. can. 102. t. 103. This is a
beautiful hardy climber, fixing itself to trees or walls, by roots,
like ivy. The flowers are produced at the ends of the shoots,
VOL. IV.
in large bunches ; and have long swelling tubes, shaped some-
what like a trumpet, whence this species, as well as all the species
o{ Bigiiunia, have the name of Trumpet-flower. The corolla is
large, scarlet orange-coloured.
V(ir. ft, minor; flowers smaller, scarlet. Vi . ^. H. Native
of Carolina. There is a remarkable difference between this
and the species, in the shajie and size of the leaves, as well as in
the colour and size of the flowers.
Rooting Tecoma. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1640, /3, 1724. Shrub cl.
§ 5. Leaves decompound.
22 T. xyloca'rpa ; arboreous ; leaves bi-tripinnate ; leaflets
from obliquely oblong to semicordate ; panicles terminal ; seg-
ments of the limb of the corolla round, and curled ; capsules
long, linear, crooked, ligneous, tubercled. Ij . S. Native of
Soonda, in the East Indies. Bignonia xylocarpa, Roxb. fl. ind.
3. p. 108. Bark ash-coloured, rather spongy, and considerably
cracked. Leaves 1-4 feet long. Common petioles scabrous.
Branches of panicle opposite or tern, 2-3 or more times dichoto-
mous, slightly downy, with a single flower in each fork. Brac-
teas ovate-oblong. Flowers large, white, with a tinge of yellow,
delightfully fragrant. Capsule 2 feet long ; dissepiment con-
trary.
IVoodij-fruited Tecoma. Tree 20 to 40 feet.
Cult. All the species of this genus are elegant plants, well
worth the cultivator's care. T. radicans is a hardy climbing
shrub, well fitted for decorating a wall, or front of a house. The
other species require the same treatment as that recommended
for the species of Bignonia, see p. 222.
IV. JACARA'NDA (the name of J. Braziliana in Brazil.)
Juss. gen. p. 138. ed. Usteri, p. 154. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 145. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. a:quin. 1. p. 59. D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. — Bignonia species of some
authors.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Angiosperma. Calyx carapanulate,
5-toothed ; rarely tubular, truncate, entire. Corolla tubular at
the base, very much dilated above, campanulate, ventricose
beneath; limb bilabiate, 5-lohed. Stamens 4, didynamous; with
a fifth longer, sterile filament, which is villously bearded at top.
Anthers 1-lobed in most of the species, with an obsolete rudi-
ment of another lobe; rarely 2-lobed (as in Jacaranda tomen-
tosa), with the lobes equal and diverging. Stigma bilamellate.
Capsule broad, compressed, 2-celled ; valves thick, ligneous ;
dissepiment contrary to the valves, placentiferous on both sides.
Seeds flat, transverse, with foliaceously-winged edges ; outer
testa coriaceous, rugosely plicate. — Trees natives of South Ame-
rica, with the habit of the fine-leaved species of Acihia. Leaves
opposite, bipinnate. Flowers showy, panicled, terminal, rarely
lateral, blue, violaceous, or yellow.
§ 1. Anthers \-lohed. Leaves abruptly bi-pinnate.
1 J. acutifolia (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 59. t. 17.
nov. gen. 3. p. 145.) leaves bipinnate, usually with 5-6 pair of
alternate pinnae; leaflets 9-12 pairs, linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, glabrous ; corolla silky, with a straight tube. f; . S.
Native of Peru, near San Felipe : and on the banks of the river
Guancabamba. Bark grey, clunky. Leaflets opposite or alter-
nate. Panicle terminal, large, pyramidal, many-flowered. Calyx
campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth ovate, acute. Corolla large,
violaceous ; with a campanulate throat, ventricose beneath.
Capsule oval, acutish.
Acute-leaved iacaxanAa. Tree 10 feet.
2 J. oBTUsiFOLiA (Huuib. et Bonp. ])1. ajquin. 1. ji. 62. t. 18.
Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 145.) leaves bipinnate; with many pairs
G G
226
BIGNONIACEiE. IV. Jacaranda. V. Ampiiilopiuum.
of alternate or opposite pinnae (about 15 pairs) ; leaflets many-
pairs alternate or opposite, oval-oblong, obtuse, downy ; corollas
(Tlabrous, having an arched tube, which is three times shorter
than the throat. b . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco,
in shady places, near Caricbana, where it is called Arhol del roseto.
Bark grey, wrinkled. Leaves a foot long. Leaflets contiguous.
Panicle large, many-flowered, diffuse, usually lateral. Calyx small,
campanulate, 5-toothed; teeth acute. Corolla violaceous, gla-
brous, larger than those of J. mimosifblia ; throat much dilated.
Ovarium ovate, 2-edged.
Oblnse-lcavcd Jacaranda. Tree 30 feet.
3 J. MiMosiFOLiA (D. Don, in bot. reg. t. 631.) leaves bipin-
nate, with many pairs of opposite pinnaa (14-24 pair), each
pinna; bearing 10-28 pair of trapezoid -oval oblong, mucronate,
downy leaflets, the odd or terminal leaflet lanceolate, and longer
than the lateral ones; corollas silky, having the tube a little
arched, and 3 times shorter than the throat. Ij • S. Native of
Brazil. J. ovalifolia, R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2327. Bark grey,
nodose from cicatrices at bottom. Leaves beset with scattered,
shining dots. Leaves Ij foot long. Panicles large, terminal,
naked, erectly pyramidal. Flowers showy, drooping, blue.
Calyx villous, 5-toothed. Ovarium ovate-oblong, acuminated.
Mimosa-lcavcd Jacaranda. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818.
Tree C to 1 0 feet.
4 J. FiLiciFOLiA (D. Don. in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.) leaves
bipinnate, with many pairs of opposite pinnae (9-18 pair), each
pinna bearing from 6 to 15 pair of contiguous trapezoid-oyal,
nuicronate, glabrous, coriaceous leaflets : the odd or terminal
one elliptic-rhomboid, acute, large ; corolla glabrous, with an
arched tube about equal in length to the throat. Ij . S. Native
in woods, at the river Essequibo. J. rhombifolia, Meyer, prim,
esseq. p. 213. Bignonia filicifolia, Anderson, cat. bort. St.
Vincent, in trans, soc. arts, &c. vol. 25. p. 200. Branches elon-
gated, with broad cicatrices occasioned by the falling of the
leaves. Leaves 1 to 1| foot, shining above, and glaucous
beneath. Panicles lateral and terminal. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed. Corollas large, violaceous, with a narrow cylin-
drical tube, and a wide, campanulate throat. Ovarium elliptic.
Fern-ieaoed Jacaranda. Fl. ? Clt. 1800. Tree 25 to 40
feet.
5 J. Copa'ia (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.) leaves
bipinnate, with 4-5 pairs of opposite pinna;, each pinna bearing
3-6 pair of elliptic or cnncated, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous
leaflets ; calyx tubular, truncate ; corollas velvety. 1^ . S.
Native of Guiana, in woods. Bignonia, Capaia, Aubl. guian. 2.
p. 650. t. 265. and 262. J. procera, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 834.
Bignonia procera, Willd. spec. 3. p. 307. Pers. encb. 2. p.
173. Bark thick, grey, wrinkled. Leaves H to 2 feet long.
Panicle large, terminal. Calyx truncate, entire, with a short
cleft on both sides of the mouth. Corolla blue, size of those of
Digilatis ambigtia, with a dilated, ventricose, bearded throat.
Capsule oval, obtuse.
Copaia Jacaranda. Clt. 1793. Tree 60 to 80 feet.
6 J. Bahame'nsis (Sims. bot. mag. under no. 2327.) leaves
bipinnate ; pinnae alternate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, acute
at both ends ; calyx truncate ; corollas glabrous. I; . S. Native
of the Bahama Islands, particularly of the Island of Providence,
near the town of Nassau, Catesby. Bignonia ccerulea, Lin.
spec. 872. Mill. diet. no. 11. Willd. spec. 3. p. 307.—
C'atesb. car. 1. p. 42. t. 42. Panicle terminal. Flowers blue.
Fruit emarginate.
Bahania-i^hm\ Jacaranda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 724. Tree.
7 J. Buasilia'na (Lam. diet. 1. p. 420.) leaves bipinnate;
leaflets oblong, acute ; panicles lateral ; fruit short, with sinuated
edges. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Bignonia Braziliana, Willd.
spec. 3. p. 307. Jacaranda IL Pis, bras. p. 165. Flowers yellow.
This species will be easily distinguished from the rest, by its
yellow flowers. We know nothing of the anthers.
Brazilian Jacaranda. Clt. 1 820. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
§ 2. Anthers Z-lohed : lobes equal. Leaves imjMri-bipinnaie.
8 J. TOMENTOSA (R. Br. in bot. mag. under no. 2327. in bot.
reg. 1103.) leaves bipinnate, with 3-5 pairs of pinnae, and an
odd one ; leaflets ovate or elliptic, acute or acuminated, un-
equal, tomentose in the young state, and beneath in the adult
state ; corollas silky ; branches downy. I^ . S. Native of
Brazil, Sir George Staunton, and Sello. J. pubescens, Lodd.
cat.? Bark grey. Leaves a span long. Panicles small, ter-
minal, tomentose ; peduncles I-3-flowered. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed ; teeth ovate, acute. Corolla violaceous or blue ; with
a widened throat. Capsule oval-orbicular.
Tomentose Jacaranda. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
Cult. Jacaranda is a genus composed of elegant trees, having
much the habit of the fine-leaved Acacias ; bearing large, usu-
ally terminal panicles of showy blue, or violaceous flowers, and
on that account are worth cultivating in every collection of
stove plants. They grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and
sand, or any light rich soil ; and cuttings, half ripened, strike
root readily, if planted in sand, with a hand-glass placed over
them; but the leaves of these cuttings should not be shortened,
or cut in any way. If the trees are kept dry in winter, it will
check their growth, and throw them into flower.
V. AMPHILOTHIUM (from afi<pi\n<l>0Q, amj)hilophos,
crested on all sides ; limb of corolla much curled.) H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 148. — Bignonia species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate,
with a double limb ; inner one bilabiate ; outer one spreading,
undulately curled. Corolla somewhat coriaceous, with a short
tube, a large ventricose throat, which is sulcately compressed in
front: limb bilabiate ; upper lip large, helmet-shaped, bidentate ;
lower one straight, tridentate, about equal in length to the supe-
rior one. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long, and 2 short,
with the rudiment of a fifth. Lobes of anthers cohering at top,
divaricate. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule ovate, rather ligneous,
2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds imbricate, membranaceously-winged,
transverse. — Climbing, cirrhose shrubs; with opposite, conjugate
leaves, and terminal panicles of rose-coloured or red flowers.
1 A. panicula'tum (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 149.) leaves
conjugate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, acuminated, subcordate,
finely lepidoted on both surfaces, clothed with down-like hairs
on the middle nerve beneath, and on the inside of the petioles ;
tendrils trifid. Ij . ,^. S. Native of New Andalusia, near the
monastery of Caripe, and on inount Cocollar. Bignonia pani-
culata, Lin. spec. 869. Jacq. amer. 183. t. 116. Vahl. symb.
3. p. 80. — Plum. spec. 5. icon. 56. f. 11. Panicle composed of
3-flowered peduncles. Corollas rather fleshy, rose-coloured.
Jacquin's plant has the lower leaves ternate.
Var. /3, molle ; leaflets orbicidar, acuminated, cordate, clothed
with adpressed, rufescent, stellate, branched tomentum beneath.
T; . ^. S. Native near Vera Cruz. A. molle, Cham, et
Schlecht. in LinnEea. 5. p. 120. Branches tetragonal, tomen-
tose.
Pa?;;cM Amphilophium. Fl. ? Clt. 1738. Shrub cl.
2 A. Ml't'isii (H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 149. t.
219.) leaves conjugate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, acuminated,
cordate, finely lepidoted on both surfaces ; petioles glabrous ;
tendrils angular, trifid at top. P; . ^. S. Native of New
Granada, near Mariquita, in temperate places. Branches some-
what 6-angled, glabrous, white ; branchlets green, beset with
powdery atoms. Branches of panicle few-flowered. Corollas
BIGNONIACE^. VI, Zeyiieria. VII. Fredericia. VIII. Ferdinandusa. IX. Stenolobium.
227
fleshy, rose-coloured. Very nearly allied to the preceding
species.
Mulis's Amphilopliium. Shrub cl.
3 A. MACROPHYLLtiM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 150.) leaves
conjugate; leaflets ovate-roundish, acuminated, cordate, hairy
and shining above, and clothed with fuscescent tomentum be-
neath, as well as the jietioles ; tendrils ? h • ^- S. Native of
New Granada, near Turbaco. Hairs and tomentum stellate.
Branches sulcately angular. Panicles axillary and terminal,
clothed with fuscescent tomentum. Branches dichotomous.
Corollas red.
Large-leaved Amphilopliium. Shrub cl.
•1 A.? pube'scens (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 836.) leaves ternately
bi-pinnate, downy ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, sessile, almost quite
entire ; flowers axillary, opposite, pedunculate. Tj . ,_^. S. Na-
tive of Brazil.
Dviriiy Amphilophiinn. Shrub tw.
Cull. For culture and propagation see the climbing species
of Bignunia, p. 222.
VI. ZEYHE'RIA (named in honour of M. Zeyher, director
of the Botanic Garden at Baden ; and author of several botanical
papers.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 65. t. 159.
Lin. syst. D'tdynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx spathaceous,
closed, at length bipartite. Corolla tubular ; tube nearly equal ;
liirib 5-Iobed, hardly bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous,
with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate.
Capsule echinated, orbicular, compressed, having the dissepi-
ment contrary to the valves. Seeds with membranous wings,
imbricated. — A small tree, or large shrub; branches opposite.
Leaves opposite, digitate. Flowers terminal, paniculately co-
rymbose ; bracteas twin, naked, axillary.
1 Z. monta'na (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 66. t. 159.)
leaves digitate ; leaflets 5, lanceolate, clothed with fulvous, fari-
naceous, stellate tomentum beneath, as well as outer branches
and inflorescence. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
St. Paul. Spathodea montana, Spreng. syst. add. p. 237. Co-
rolla 1 to I2 inch long, clothed with golden, lepidoted tomentum
outside ; segments ciliated, the 3 superior ones narrower and
shorter.
ISIountain Zeyheria. Shrub 7 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Jacardnda, p. 226.
VII. FREDERl'CIA (named in compliment to Frederick
William III. King of Bavaria, a great promoter of the sciences.)
Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 13. p. 7. t. A. and B.
Lin. sy'st. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx tubularly
campanulate, pentagonal, coloured ; with 5 short teeth. Corolla
salver-shaped ; with a cylindrical tube, and a spreading border ;
limb 5-6-cleft ; segments spreading, roundish. Stamens 4,
didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one ; filaments
bearded at the base ; lobes of anthers divaricate. Stigma bila-
mellate. Capsule compressed, oblong, acutish, almost as broad
as long ; dissepiment contrary to the valves. Seeds transverse,
with membranous margins. — Branched, rambling shrubs. Leaves
ternate ; leaflets quite entire. Flowers terminal, panicled,
bracteate. Inflorescence scarlet.
1. F. speciosa (Mart. 1. c. p. 9. t. A.) leaflets oblong, acumi-
nated, flatfish, bearded in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicle
pyramidal, spreading ; calyx and corolla 5-cleft. I? . ,^. S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Paul and Rio Janeiro,
in woods. Branches terete, striated, glabrous. Panicle large,
having the rachis and peduncles tetragonal, purplish scarlet,
and clothed with fine villi. Corollas scarlet, or reddish yellow.
There are varieties of this species, having the corolla more or
less red or yellow, with a glabrous or downy throat.
Showy Fredericia. Shrub cl.
2 F. Gulie'lmi (Mart. 1. c. p. 11. t. B.) leaflets ovate-oblong,
acute at the base, and short-acuminated at the apex, usually
complicate, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; panicle compact ;
calyx, but particularly the corolla, for the most part 6-cleft. H .
^. S. Native of Brazil, in the interior parts of the province of
Bahia, in woods. Branches terete, glabrous, often rough from
warts. Rachis, peduncles, and pedicels tetragonal, scarlet,
and downy. Corolla yellow, downy outside, as in the first
species.
WilUam's Fredericia. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bignonia, p. 222.
VIII. FERDINANDU^SA (named in honour of Ferdinand,
hereditary prince of Austria.) Pohl, bot. zeit. 1827. no. 10. p.
153. pi. bras. 2. p. 8.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 4-toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-parted ; segments unequal, bifid,
bearded at apex. Stamens 4, didynamous; rudiment of a fifth
not seen. Anthers involute at the base and apex ; cells
parallel or combined ; pollen spherical, yellow. Ovarium gib-
bous at apex, 4-cleft. Style elongated. Stigma bipartite.
Capsule large, elliptic, ovate, 2-celled, 4-valved. Seeds un-
known.— Erect, middle-sized trees. Leaves large, opposite,
coriaceous, blackish or yellowish green, shining, quite entire,
ovate, on short petioles ; bracteas small. Flowers terminal and
axillary, corymbose, scarlet or whitish-green. Stamens and
stigmas exserted. Throat of corolla naked. This genus is
nearly allied to Fredericia and Zeyheria, Mart.
1 F. ELLiPTicA (Pohl, bras. 2. p. 9. t. 106.) leaves oval-
elliptic, obtuse at the apex ; bracteas roundish, trifid. Vj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in boggy places.
Leaves dark green above, and yellowish green beneath. Corollas
whitish green.
Elliptic-lenved Ferdinandusa. Tree 12 feet.
2 F. ova'lis (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 10. t. 107.) leaves oval,
marginated, acutish at the apex ; brarteas roundish, quite entire,
acute, half stem-clasping, ciliated at their confluence. fj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, near to the town of
the same name, at Serra de Manoel Gomez. Corollas dark
red or scarlet. Leaves dark green above, and yellowish be-
neath,
OooMeaved Ferdinandusa. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
3 F. speciosa (^Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 12. t. 108.) leaves oval-
elliptic, emarginate, acute ; bracteas lanceolate, quite entire,
scarious. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, on Serra de Spilons ; and of the province of Goyaz, at
Caza de Telha, and St. Cruz. Corollas scarlet, 2 inches long.
Leaves greenish yellow.
Showy Ferdinandusa. Tree 9 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226.
The species are extremely elegant when in blossom.
IX. STENOLO'BIUM (from ar^vog, stenos, narrow ; and
\oftoQ, lobos, a pod ; in reference to the narrow, linear, siliquose
capsule.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx small, camjia-
nnlatc, 5-toothed, equal. Corolla with a narrow tube ; a dilated,
inflated, campanulate throat ; and a 5-lobed, equal, bilabi.-ite
limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long, and 2 short, with
a very short rudiment of a fifth ; lobes of anthers linear, sprcad-
ingly divaricate. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule narrow-linear,
siiiquose, compressed, 2-celled ; dissepiment parallel with tlic
G G 2
228
BIGNONIACEjE. X. Delostoma. XI. Astianthus. XII. Chilopsis. XIII. Oxera. XIV. Platycarpum.
valves. Seeds flat, transverse, with membranous margins. —
A frondose, erect tree. Leaves opposite, simple, very like
those of the sweet chestnut, elliptic, coriaceous, acute, feather-
nerved, petiolate, with serrated edges, clothed with copious
stellate tomentum beneath, 5-7 inches long, and 2-3 broad, gla-
brous above. Flowers terminal, numerous, spicately panicled,
reddish purple, size of those of Jacarc'mda. Style slender,
shorter than the stamens. Capsule 5 inches long.
1 S. cASTANiFoLiuM (D. DoD, 1. c.) fj . G. Native of Peru,
in woods, at Huayaquil. Bignonia serrata, Pav. mss. in herb.
Lamb.
Chestnut-leaved Stenolobium. Tree erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226.
X. DELO'STOMA (from hrjXoQ, delos, manifest ; and trro/ia,
stoma, a mouth ; in allusion to the wide mouth of the flower.)
U. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. — Bignonia species of Pav.
LiN. SYST. Didynchnia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate,
3-lobed, coriaceous. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a dilated
throat, and a spreading, bilabiate limb ; lower lip 3-lobed ;
upper lip shorter, and 2-lobed ; lobes broad, roundish,
flat. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long and 2 short ;
with the addition of a short fifth sterile, glabrous one.
Lobes of anthers parallel, equal. Stigma broad, bilamel-
late. Capsule lanceolate, compressed, 2-celled ; valves coria-
ceous, rather fleshy : dissepiment parallel with the valves. Seeds
flat, transverse, with broad, membranous edges. — Frondose
trees, natives of Peru. Leaves simple, opposite, elliptic, pe-
tiolate, bluntly acuminated. Flowers terminal, spicately race-
mose, large, rose-coloured. The campanulate, 3-lobed calyx,
the figure of a corolla ; the parallel lobes of the anthers ; and
the structure and form of the capsule; are the marks which par-
ticularly characterize this genus.
1 D. denta'tum (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, toothed,
downy beneath, t^ • S. Native of Peru. Bignonia rosea,
Pav. mss. in herb Lamb. Flowers rose-coloured.
jToo^AecZ-leaved Delostoma. Tree.
2 D. iNTEGRiFOLiuM (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic, quite
entire, tomentose beneath. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Bignonia
simplicifolia, Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb,
Entire-leaved Delostoma. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226.
XI. ASTIA'NTHUS (from aaruog, asteios, beautiful ; and
ai'Soe, antlios, a flower ; in allusion to the brilliant flowers.) D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.
Lin. SYST. Dklynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx tubular ; limb
equal, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular at the base, but with a dilated,
campanulate, ventricose throat ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate ; lower
lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe large ; the superior lip 2-lobed, and
reflexed. Stamens 4, didynamous; with a shorter, glabrous
rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate. Anthers
naked ; lobes equal, confluent. Capsule very long, siliquose, 2-
celled. Dissepiment parallel with the valves, thick, placentife-
rous on both sides. Seeds transverse, compressed ; with winn-ed
margins, and pappose from numerous villi. — An erect, branched,
frondose shrub, native of Mexico. Branches terete, glabrous.
Leaves simple, tern, elongated, broad-linear, coriaceous, quite
entire, glabrous, 6-10 inches long, 1-nerved, attenuated at both
ends. Flowers terminal, numerous, panicled. Corolla larger
than that of Digitalis purjmrea, reddish purple. Lobes of
the limb of the corolla broad, round, with curled and erose
edges. This genus is distinguished from Bignonia, in the con-
fluent lobes of the anthers, by its seeds being furnished with
a villous pappous, and by its habit. It differs from Ticomn,
besides the characters above enumerated, in having a parallel,
and not a transverse dissepiment ; and from Sjialhbdea, with
some species of which it agrees in habit ; but is readily distin-
guished by the structure of its capsule, in having seeds furnished
with a villous pappous, and lastly, in the lobes of the anthers
being confluent.
1 A. LONGiFOLius (D. Don, 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Mexico.
Long-leaved Astianthus. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226.
XII. CHILOPSIS (from -fftiXaQ, cheilos, a lip; and oi^, ops,
resemblance ; on account of the calyx being furnished with a
distinct lip.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. — Bignonia
species, Cav.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx membranous,
oblong, ventricose, cleft on the lower side, even to the base ;
limb oblique, tridentate on the upper side. Corolla with a
tubular base, and a dilated campanulate throat ; limb 5-lobed,
bilabiate ; lobes oval-roundish, with curled, crenated edges ;
lower lobe large, oblong. Stamens 4, didynamous ; besides the
rudiment of a fifth sterile, glabrous one. Stigma bilamellate.
Anthers naked ; lobes equal, divaricate. Capsule short, sili-
quose, 2-celled : dissepiiuent contrary, placentiferous. Seeds
transverse, with membranous margins. — An erect, branched
shrub, native of Mexico ; with terete, downy branches.
Leaves alternate, linear, flat, elongated, 3-5 inches long,
glabrous, coriaceous, attenuated at both ends. Racemes ter-
minal, short, dense, tomentose ; pedicels short, furnished with
2 linear-lanceolate bracteoles each. Lobes of stigma replicate.
Corolla dark purple, size of those of Chelme. This is a well-
marked genus, readily distinguished from Spathodea, in the
structure of its capsule, and by having simple, alternate leaves.
1 C. sALiGNA (D. Don, 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of Mexico.
Bignonia linearis, Cav. icon. 3. t. 269.
;fj7/07ii-leaved Chilopsis. Fl. ? Clt. 1825. Shrub 10 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226.
XIII. OXE'RA (from oyKt^pog, onkeros, tumid ; in allusion to
the swollen throat of the corolla.) Labill. sert. cal. p. 23. t.
28. — Oncoma, Spreng. gen. 1. p. 24.
Lin. SYST. Didndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted, scarious.
Corolla tubular at the base, and dilated at the throat; limb 4-
cleft, nearly equal. Stamens 4, 2 of which are fertile. Anthers
2-celled, exserted. Ovarium 4-lobed, seated on a glandular
disk. Ovula numerous, fixed to fleshy, central placentas. Style
central, incurved ; stigma bifid. Fruit probably baccate. — A
shrub, about 6 feet high ; with pale, sulphur-coloured, warted
branches. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, exstipulate. Racemes
axillary. Flowers pendulous, sub-umbellate. Fertile stamens,
and style exserted. Peduncles twice trichotomous, bracteate.
Flowers large.
1 O. pueche'lla ? (Labill. I. c.) Ij • G. Native of New
Caledonia.
A'^ea^-leaved Oxera. Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226.
XIV. PLATYCA'RPUM (from rXarvc, plalys, broad ; and
k-apTToc, carpos, a fruit ; in reference to the broad compressed
fruit.) Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 81. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 1. p. 151.
Lin. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, equal.
Corolla with a short tube, a funnel-shaped throat, and a 5-cleft,
equal limb. Stamens 5, equal. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule
didymous, ligneous, compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved; dissepiment
contrary to the valves, and adnate to them ; cells 2-seeded.
Seeds membranaceously winged. — A large tree ; with opposite,
simple entire leaves ; and terminal panicles of pale red flowers.
BIGNONIACEjE. XV. Calosanthes. XVI. Millingtonia. XVII. Aroylia.
229
1 P. Orinoce'nse (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 81. t.
104.) Tj . S. Native on tlie banks of the Orinoco, near
Atures. Sicki'ngia Orinocensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. (i22. A
tree, with a dense head. Bark thin, smoothish ; wood white.
Braneldets clothed with rusty tomcntiim at top. Leaves petio-
late, obovate-oblong, obtuse, 5-6 inciies long, white beneath,
and clothed with rusty down on tlie nerves and veins. Petioles
pilose. Branches of panicle dichotomous.
Orinoco Platycarpum. Tree 25 to 40 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacardnda, p. 220.
XV. CALOSA'NTHES (from «.Xoc, calos, beautiful; and
ai-S'oc, antlios, a flower ; in reference to the beauty of the flowers.)
Bignonia species of Roxb. Blum, bijdr. 7(30.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx entire, coria-
ceous, tubular, campanulate. Corolla with a short tube, a
campanulate throat, and a bilabiate border ; upper lip 2-cleft ;
under lip 3-cleft ; segments wrinkled. Stamens 5, all antheri-
ferous ; the exterior pair the longest, bending in imder the
upper lip, very woolly at the base ; anthers double, each part
oblong, bursting on the under side. Hypogynous disk, a some-
what pentagonal, fleshy body. Style length of stamens, hollow
its whole length, having a funnel-shaped mouth, opening be-
tween the membranous, orbicular lobes of the stigma. Capsule
silique- formed, large, compressed transversely, a little curved,
having the convexity upwards ; dissepiment contrary to the
valves ?. Seeds numerous, surrounded by a delicate, semi-cir-
cular, membranous wing — A large tree, with opposite, supra-
decompound leaves ; and terminal, secund racemes of flowers.
1 C. I'ndica (Blum, bijdr. 761.) fj . S. Native of the coast
of Coromandel and Malabar, in forests, among the mountains ;
and of Java, where it is called Pompuran. Bignonia I'ndica,
Lin. Willd. spec. 3. p. 306. Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 110.
Bignonia pentandra, Lour. coch. 460. Spathodea Indica,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 173. Palego-Pajoneli, Rheed. mal. 1.
t. 43 and 44. Shyonaka and Mundooka-puna, are two of its
Sanscrit names ; Shyona is its Hindostanee name ; Vanga
niarum is the Tamul navne ; and Pampena, the Telinga name.
Tree large. Leaves opposite, decussate, 4-5 feet long. Leaflets
obliquely cordate, smooth, pointed. Peduncles and pedicels
scabrous. Racemes terminal, secund, erect, stiff; lower two
thirds naked and scabrous, somewhat quadrangular ; upper
third part imbricated on one side by very large, fleshy, dark red
flowers ; with scarcely any bracteas. Capsule long, linear.
Indian Calosanthes. Fl. ? Clt. 1775. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacardnda, p. 226.
XVI. MILLINGTO-NIA (named in honour of Thomas
Millington, an English botanist, who has written on vegetable
physiology.) Lin. suppl. 291. Juss. gen. 138. Willd. spec.
3. p. 382. Bignonia suberosa, Roxb.
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Angiosperma. Calyx small, slightly
5-parted ; with nearly equal divisions. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
tube from 2 to 3 inches long, slender and cylindrical ; limb 4-
parted ; the upper division broadest, and nearly half 2-cleft.
Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted, without any rudiment of a
sterile filament ; anthers spurred. Ovarium oblong. Style as
long as the corolla ; stigma bilaniellate. C.ipsule slender,
linear, pretty smooth, 2-celled, thin, pointed, about a foot
long, and 3 inches broad, and one line thick ; dissepiment pa-
rallel vvith the valves. Seeds numerous, round, surrounded by
a remarkably fine pellucid membrane. Embryo with 2 emargi-
nate, reniform cotyledons. — A large tree. Bark deeply cracked,
and spongy. Leaves ojjposite, supra-decompound ; leaflets
subcordate, entire. Panicles terminal. Wood white, firm, and
close-grained.
1 M. horte'nsis (Lin. suppl. 291. Willd. spec. 3. p. 382.)
F; . S. Native of the East Indies, but in what particular place
is unknown. Bignonia suberosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 1 1 1. Leaves
about 2 feet long. Leaflets acuminated, 1-3 inches long.
Panicle cross-armed; ramifications horizontal, the first trichoto-
mous, then dichotomous, with generally a simple flower in the
fork. Bracteas minute. Flowers numerous, large, pure white,
delightfully fragrant.
Garden Millingtonia. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree 50 to 60
feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacardnda, p. 226.
XVII. ARGY'LIA (this beautiful genus is dedicated to the
memory of Archibald, Duke of Argyle, a nobleman distinguished
for his patriotic virtues, and love of science, and more especially
of botany. His fine garden at Whitton Park, in Middlesex,
was justly celebrated towards the middle of the last century.
It contained a very extensive collection of plants, jjarticularly
of ornamental and useful American trees, many of which he him-
self first introduced to this country.) D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. 1823, and 1829, July.
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Angiosperrna. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla with a tubular base, and a ventricose throat ; limb nearly
equal, 5-lobed, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, that is, 2 long, and 2 short, without any rudiment of a
sterile one. Anthers beardless, 2-parted ; lobes obtuse, divari-
cate, distinct at apex, dehiscing by a longitudinal chink. .Stigma
bilamellate, pruinose. Capsule silique-formed, 2-celled, 2-
valved, many-seeded, torulose ; valves crustaceous, navicular.
Seeds transverse, wingless, reniform, 2-lobed at apex, with
an obtuse margin, concave and striated on one side, and
convex and tubercled on the other ; outer testa coriaceous.
Embryo conforming to the cavity of the seed. — Perennial,
green herbs. Roots thick, divided, fleshy, fusiform. Stems
erect, terete, branched, viscid, downy, fleshy. Leaves alternate,
remote, peltately digitate, petiolate ; leaflets deeply bi-tripin-
natifid, unequal, disposed in a circle, minutely downy and viscid.
Peduncle a continuation of the stem, fleshy. Flowers terminal,
racemose, numerous ; pedicels short, alternate, each furnished
with a bractea at the base. Corollas large, yellow, size of
those of Catdipa syringcefblia, showy, marked with numerous
red dots in the throat.
1 A. cane'scens (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1829. July.)
clothed with hoary down ; segments of the leaves linear, chan-
nelled ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx. IJL . G. Native
of Chili, about Coquimbo, Caldcleugh. The herb is more
slender, the down more copious, short, and canescent, than in A.
radidla ; and the flowers are smaller, but also yellow.
Canescent Argylia. PI. 1 foot.
2 A. radia'ta (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. no. 8. p. 260.
1823. and July 1S29.) glabrous; segments of the leaves flat,
dilated at apex ; tube of corolla twice longer than the calyx.
%. G. Native of Peru. Bignonia radiata, Lin. spec. 871.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 301.— Feuill. per. 1. p. 731. t. 22. Corolla
large, yellow, dotted with red in the throat. The plant, in the
general description, is said to be clothed with minute viscid
down.
Ray-\eaved Argylia. PI. 1 foot.
Cidt. The species of Argylia are extremely splendid wliiie
in blossom. They will thrive best in a light rich soil, such as a
mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Cuttings will strike root in
sand, under a hand-glass, if kept free from damp.
230
BIGNONIACE^. XVIII. Incarvillea. XIX. Wightia. XX. Catalpa.
XVIII. INCARVILLEA (named after P. Incarville, a
Chinese Jesuit, who first sent specimens of it to Bernard de
Jussieu, in the year 174:3; and seeds of many other plants, as,
for instance, the Chinese Aster, so common in our gardens.)
Juss. gen. 138. ed. Usteri, p. 154. Lam. diet. 3. p. 233. ill. t.
527. Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 120.
Lin. svst. Didynaniia, Angiosperma. Calyx tribracteate,
pentagonal, lO-cleft ; the 5 outer segments subulate, elon-
gated, and glabrous, thickened ; the inner ones shorter and
bifid. Corolla bilabiate ; segments nearly equal. Stamens 4,
didynamous ; filaments glandularly thickened at apex ; anthers
bisetose, 2-celled ; cells horizontal, opposite, dehiscing at bottom.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule siiique-formed, 6-ribbed, falcate,
dehiscing laterally ; dissepiment bilamellate, contrary to the
fissures. Seeds numerous, winged, Bunge, 1. c. Calyx 5-cleft,
tribracteate. Corolla with a tubular base, a ventricose throat,
and an unequal, 5-lobed limb. Stamens didynamous; anthers
2-lobed. Stigma bilamellate. Capside siliqiie-formed, com-
pressed, long, narrow, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment opposite
the valves, many-seeded. Seeds winged A Chinese herb ;
with alternate, striated branches ; alternate, pinnately jagged
leaves ; and loose, spicate racemes of flowers. Corolla like
that of Digitalis ; and the capsule like that of Catalpa, or
FtJBnum Grcecum. The rudiment of a sterile filament not seen,
ex Juss. 1. c.
1 I. Sine'nsis (Lam. diet. 3. p. 233.) li. G. Native of
China, on way sides, near Pekin, and from that to the north,
even to the limits of the empire. J. Chinensis, Bunge, mem.
acad. petersb. 2. p. 120. Campsis adrepens. Lour. coch. 378.
Stem 1-2 feet high, herbaceous, erect. Leaves bipinnatifid ;
leaflets cut ; lobes linear. Racemes terminal, loose. Flowers
nearly sessile. Corollas large, scarlet, deciduous. Capsule
2 inclies long and more. The figure of Lam. expresses the
upper part of the plant well, ex Bunge, 1. c. Stem branched,
striated, a foot high. Leaves like those of Chclidonium hy'bridum,
pinnately jagged, petiolate, glabrous. Flowers like those of
Digitalis, loosely spiked, terminal, purple, ex Willd. spec. 3. p.
289. The plant of Jussieu is probably distinct from that of
Bunge.
China Incarvillea. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cull. This is a most elegant plant when in blossom. Should
it ever be introduced to our gardens, we would recommend its
being treated as a greenhouse plant. A mixture of loam, peat,
and sand, or any light rich soil, will suit it ; and cuttings will
probably be easily rooted.
XIX. WI'GHTIA (named after Richard Wight, F.L.S. of
the East India Company's Medical Service ; lately in charge of
the botanical establishment at Madras.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat 1
p. 71. t. 81.
Lin. syst, Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 4-toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb 4-cleft ; upper segment 2-lobed.
Stamens 4, didynamous, without any hypogynous disk, or sterile
filament. Stigma elavate, undivided. Capsule follicular, 2-
valved ; dissepiment parallel with the valves, placentiferous on
both sides, at length free. Seeds imbricated lengthwise, winded
at both ends. Radicle inferior. — A large, twining shrub.
Leaves opposite, simple, and are, as well as the peduncles,
covered with minute, stellate, deciduous down. Racemes large,
axillary ; peduncles dichotomous. This genus differs from all
other Bignoniaceous plants, in tlie complete absence of a hypo-
gynous disk, and sterile filament ; and in the margins of the
valves being bent inwards, so much so as to form the dissepi-
ment ; in the seeds being erect ; and in the radicle being in-
ferior.
I
1 W. gigante'a (Wall. I. c.) ^t • ^. S. Native of Nipaul,
on Sheopore and Sumbunah. Flowers rose-coloured, scent-
less, an inch long.
Giant Wightia. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bignonia, p. 222.
XX. CATA'LPA (the Indian name of the first species.) Juss.
gen. 138. ed. Usteri, p. 155. Spreng. gen. 1. p. 24. Sims,
bot. mag. 1094. Schkuhr. handb. t. 175. — Bignonia species,
Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Diandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 2-parted. Co-
rolla campanulate, with a ventricose tube, and an unequal, 4-
lobed limb. Stamens 5, 2 of which are fertile, and the other 3
sterile. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule siiique-formed, long, cy-
lindrical, 2-valved ; dissepiment opposite the valves. Seeds
membranously margined, and pappose at base and apex. —
Trees with simple leaves, opposite, or disposed 3 in a whorl.
Flowers terminal, panicled.
1 C. syrincefolia (Sims, bot. mag. 1094.) leaves cordate,
flat, 3 in a whorl. ^ . H. Native of North America, on the
banks of the Ohio, Mississippi, and Delaware, &c. in gravelly
soil ; it is found in considerable qiiantities in the forests of
Wabash, Illinois territory, where the wood is even split for pa-
lings. Schkuhr, handb. t. 175. Bignonia Catalpa, Lin. spec. 868.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 289. Wangh. amer. p. 58. t. 20. f. 45. Ca-
talpa bignoniokles, Walt. fl. car. p. (34. Catalpa cordifolia,
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 10, — Duham. arb. 1. p. 104. t. 41. —
Catesb. car. 1. p. 49. t. 29. — Schmidt, arb. 1. t. 14. Lin. hort.
cliff. 317. Branches strong. Leaves large, deciduous. Pani-
cles large, branchy, terminal. Corollas white, speckled with
purple and yellow. This tree has a good effect when it stands
in the middle of large openings, where it can freely send forth its
side branches, and show itself to advantage ; but it always re-
quires a sheltered situation. The leaves, however, come
out very late. The branches dye wool a kind of cinnamon
colour. This tree appears to have been introduced by the
aborigines, hence its name of Catawba, derived from the Indians
residing on Catawba river,
Syringa-leaved Catalpa. Fl. July, Aug. CIt, 1726. Tree
20 to 40 feet.
2 C. ova'ta ; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 in a whorl. 1; . H.
Native of Japan and China. Bignonia Catalpa, Tliunb. fl. jap.
251. Kawara Fisagi Kasmpf. amcen. 841. t. 812. Kakusju
is the Japanese name of the tree. Thunberg remarks, that the
Japanese lay the leaves on parts of the body affected with pain,
supposing them to be beneficial to the nerves ; and that a decoc-
tion of the pods is esteemed serviceable in asthma.
Ouate-leaved Catalpa. Tree.
3 C. LONGissiMA (Juss. gcu. ed. Usteri, p. 155.) leaves ob-
long, or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 3 in a whorl, undulated, (j .
S. Native of the West Indies. Bignonia longissima, Swartz.
prod. 91. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1037. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 347.
B. longisiliqua, Jacq. amer. 182. t. 176. f. 78. Bignonia Quercus,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 412. — Plum. spec. 5. icon. 57. Corolla whitish,
undulately crenulated ; upper segment emarginate. Capsule
very long and slender. Seeds woolly.
Ffj-!/-/o»g--capsuled Catalpa. Clt. 1777. Tree 30 to 40
feet.
4 C. cassinoIdes (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 70.) leaves opposite,
ovate or elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous; racemes terminal, few-
flowered. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Bignonia
cassinoides, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 68. Lam. diet. 1. p. 418.
Leaves 2 inches long, many-nerved, terminated by a small acu-
men. Corollas large, 2 inches long, glabrous.
Cassine-like Catalpa. Shrub or tree.
BIGNONIACE^. XXI. Schrebera. XXII. Tourretia. XXIII. Eccremocarpus. XXIV. Calampelis. 231
5 C. iiirsu'ta (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 70.) leaves opposite; ob-
long, attenuated at both ends, hairy ; flowers axillary, almost
sessile; segments of corolla entire. Pj . S. Native of Brazil.
Hairy Catalpa. Shrub or tree.
6 C. microphv'lla (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 70.) leaves opposite,
obovate, obtuse ; peduncles terminal, usually 3-flowercd. Ij .
S. Native of St. Domingo. Bignonia microphy'lla. Lam. diet.
1. p. 418 — Plum. spec. 5. icon. 55. f. 2. Shrub size o( Priinus
spinosa. Leaves sessile. Flowers large, white ; limb undu-
lated.
Small-leai-ed Q.ala\ya. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
Cult. The C. syringirfolia is an elegant flowering tree, very
proper for large shrubberies. It thrives well in common garden
soil ; and is generally increased by seed, or slips of the root.
For the culture and propagation of the rest of the species, see
Jacaranda, p. 226.
XXI. SCHREBE^RA (n.imed in honour of J. C. D. Von
Schreber, Author of an edition of Linnaeus's Genera plantarum,
2 vols. 8vo. 1788, and several other botanical works.) Roxb.
cor. 2. t. 101. fl. ind. 1. p. 109.
Lin. syst. D'tandria, Monogyma. Calyx tubular, bilabiate ;
lips nearly equal, emarginate, and sometimes there is a tooth in
each fissure, which separates the lips. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a cylindrical tube, and a spreading, S-6-7-cleft border ;
segments cuncate, and truncate. Stamens 2 ; anthers oblong,
hid within the tube of the corolla. Stigma bifid, acute. Cap-
sule large, pear-shaped, woody, 2-celled, 2-valved, scabrous,
opening from the apex ; dissepiment parallel with the valves. ?
Seeds 4 in each cell, oval, compressed, with a long, membranous
wing. — A large timber tree. Leaves opposite, impari-pinnate.
Leaflets 7-9 in number, oblique, ovate or cordate, entire, 3-4
inches long. Panicles terminal, thin, trichotomous. Flowers
rather small, white and brown, variegated, very fragrant during
the night.
1 S. swEiTENioiDEs (Roxb. 1. c.) \ . S. Native of the East
Indies, on the Raja-mundri, Circar, Balaghata mountains, &c.
Mucaadi is the Telinga name of the tree, and M ogalin ga-marum
of the Tamuls. Trunk erect. Bark scabrous. Branches nar-
row, spreading in every direction, so as to form a large, beautiful
shady head. The wood of this tree is of a grey colour, very
close-grained, heavy and durable. It is used for a great variety
of purposes, for which it is suitable, being less liable to warp
than most other woods.
Mahogany-like Schrebera. Tree large.
Cidt. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 22G.
Tribe II.
TOURRETIE'jE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Tourretia in important characters.) D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. 1829. July. Bignoniacca;, sect. 2. R. Br.
Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved ; valves bearing placentas in
the middle. Placentas 2, large, fleshy. Seeds horizontal, obo-
vate, imbricate, flattened, surrounded b)' a wing, which is emar-
ginate at the base.
XXII. TOURRETIA (so named by Dombey, after Marc
Antoine-Louis Claret la Tourrette, a friend of Rousseau, author
of Chloris Liigdunensis, and Botanicae Schola; Veterinarise,
Ludg. praelectiones.) Domb. ex Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p.
155. Juss. gen. 139. Schreb. gen. no. 1009. Lam. ill. 527.
— Dombeya, Lher. t. 17.
LiN. svsT. Didynamia, Angiospenna. Calyx bilabiate ; up-
per lip, acuminated ; lower one broader, four notched. Corolla
tubular, contracted in the middle ; tube kngth of calyx ; limb
unilabiate; upjier lip drawn out into a hollow ; lower lip want-
ing, but in place of it there are 2 teeth. Stamens 4, didynamous,
lying in the hollow of the upper lip of the corolla. Anthers 2-
lobed. Hypogynous disk urceolate. Stigma bifid. Capsule
ovate or oblong, ligneo-coriaceous, echinated with hooked spines,
2-celled, 2-valved at apex ; dissepiment prismatic, central, se-
miniferous, continuous w ith the middle of the valves, rising into
a wing on both sides, which divides each cell into 2 parts, hence
the capsule appears to be 4-celled. Seeds few, girded by a
membranous margin, emarginate, and crenulated at the base. —
A climbing herb ; with tetragonal, dichotomous branches. Leaves
opposite, conjugately ternate ; furnished with a branched tendril
from the top of the common petiole ; and also having a ciliary
crown surrounding the stem in the axils of the leaves. Flowers
disposed in terminal racemes, each flower furnished with a nar-
row bractea. Corollas of a dusky violet colour.
1 T. lai'pacf.a (WiUd. spec. 3. p. 263.) ©. ^. H. Native
of Peru. Dombeya lappacea, Lherb. stirp. nov. 1. p. 33 t. 17.
Stem fistular. First leaves ternate, having the lateral leaflets
bipartite; the rest of the leaves conjugate ; ternate or biternate.
jB«»(/oe/i Tourretia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1788. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Calampelis, p. 2.52.
XXIII. ECCREMOCA'RPUS (from iKKpt^nn, ehkremes,
pendant; and «i(j7roe, karj>os, a fruit ; fruit pendulous.) Ruiz,
et Pav. gen. fl. per. p. 90. t. 18. syst. 157. Humb. et Bonpl.
pi. eequin. 1. p. 229. t. 65. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 150.
Lin. syst. Didijnumia, Angiosjierma, Calyx large, mem-
branous, 5-cIeft, coloured. Corolla tubular ; throat equal ; limb
5-lobed, equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a
fifth sterile one; anthers linear, inserted by the middle, versa-
tile ; cells parallel, almost connate. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule
ovate, somewhat tetragonal, 1 -celled, 2-valved ; placentas 2,
large, fleshy, adnate to the middle of the valves. Seeds im-
bricate, horizontal, surrounded by a membranous wing. — Scan-
dent sub-shrubs. Leaves opposite, abruptly bi-tripinnate, ter-
minated by a branched tendril. Peduncles opposite the leaves,
many-flowered. Corollas green or yellow.
1 E. LONGiFLORUs (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 229. t.
65. Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 150.) leaves abruptly tripinnate ;
leaflets oval, entire, rarely bifid or trifid. Tj . ^. G. Native of
Peru, in forests, near tlie mount Saraguru. Stem furrowed,
glabrous at bottom, but clothed with rusty tomentum at the nodi
above. Leaflets sessile. Peduncles pendulous, 3-4-flowered.
Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, loose, red. Corolla a little arched,
3-4 times longer than the calyx, yellow, with a green limb.
Capsule slightly tetragonal.
Long-Jlonered Eccremocarpus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825.
Shrub cl.
2 E. viRiDis (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. p- 157.) leaves bi-
pinnate, with 2 pairs of pinna? ; leaflets ovate, quite entire. h .
^. G. Native of Peru, in forests. Calyx tubular, membra-
nous, 5-cleft. Capsule pedicellate. Corolla green.
GreeH-flowered Eccremocarpus. Shrub cl.
Cult. The species of this genus are extremely handsome
when in blossom. They should be treated in the same manner
as recommended for the species of Calampelis.
XXIV, CALA'MPELIS (from wiXoe, /-a/oi, beautiful ; and
afitreXiQ, ampelis, a vine.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July
1829. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 13. — Eccremocarpus species,
Ruiz, et Pav.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate,
half 5-cleft (f. 22. a.). Corolla with a ventricose throat, a tubu-
lar base (f. 22. c.), and a contracted, 5-lobed mouth (f. 22. J.).
Stamens 4, didynamous (f. 22. (/.\ without any rudiment of a
sterile one ; anthers bipartite (f. 2.2. b.) ; lobes obtuse, divan-
232
BIGNONIACE^. XXIV. Calampelis. XXV. Crescentia.
cate, distinct at apex. Stigma bipartite (f. 22. c), hispid at
top. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved ; valves placentiferous in the
middle. Placentas 2, large, fleshy. Seeds obovate, horizontal,
imbricate, flattened, surrounded by a broad, repandly sinuated
wing, which is emarginate at the base ; outer testa black, crus-
taceous, wrinkled, and a little scrobiculate. — A suffruticose,
scandent plant. Leaves opposite, petiolate, abruptly bipinnate,
terminated by a spiral, compound tendril. Leaflets coarsely
serrated. Flowers racemose, secund. Racemes opposite the
leaves, pedunculate, secund, many-flowered. Calyx short, green.
Corolla scarlet, or deep orange rej Capsule large, muricated.
1 C. sca'ber (Sweet, fl. gard.
n. s. t. 30.) I: . ^. G. Native FIG. 22.
of Chili. Eecremocarpus sca-
ber, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per.
157. Lindl. bot. reg. 939.
Leaves with 2 pairs of pinnte ;
leaflets alternate, obliquely cor-
date, ovate, serrated or entire.
Stems angular, thickly clothed
with short, stiflP, pellucid hairs,
when young, but afterwards
smooth. Leaves, racemes, and
corollas clothed with glandular
hairs.
Scabrous Calampelis. Fl.
July, Aug. Clt. 1824.. Shrub
climbing.
Cull. This beautiful, climb-
ing plant is generally raised from seeds in spring, in a hot bed ;
and when the plants are of sufficient size, they are planted
singly in separate pots. They answer well to be trained in a
conservatory ; or to be planted out in the open ground, against a
wall or house, with a south exposure, along with Cohce'a scdn-
dens, where, if the summer prove warm, it will make a showy
appearance.
Tribe III.
CRESCENTIEVE (the plants contained in this section agree
with Crescenlia, in having a large, baccate fruit.) Fruit a large
melon or gourd-shaped, 1-celled berry ; with a corticate, solid
rind ; filled with pulp and seeds inside.
XXV. CRESCE'NTIA (named by Linnajus after Pietro
Crescentlo, an Italian writer on agriculture, in the thirteenth
century.) Lin. gen. 762. Schreb. gen. no. 1021. Juss. gen.
127. edit. Uster. p. 142. Gsertn. fruct. suppl. 1. p. 229. t.
223. H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 157.— Cuiete, Plum. sen.
p. 23. t. 16. icon. 109.
Lin. syst. Didynam'ia, Angiosperma. Calyx bipartite, equal,
deciduous. Corolla large, sub-campanulate ; tube very short ;
throat large, ventricose, incurved ; limb erect, 5-cleft, unequal ;
lobes toothed or curled. Stamens 4, didynamous ; with the
rudiment of a fifth ; anthers 2-lobed. Stigma bilamellate.
Berry large, form of a gourd, 1-celled, pulpy inside ; rind solid.
Seeds nestling in the pulp.— Large, spreading trees. Leaves
alternate, solitary or in fascicles, simple, ternate or pinnate.
Flowers solitary, rising from the trunk or branches.
1 C. CujETE (Lin. spec. 873. Jacq. amer. 175. t. 111. ed
pict. p. 86. t. 1G7.) leaves oblong, acute or obtuse, cuneate at the
base, in fascicles. V^ . S. Native throughout equinoxial Ame-
rica,—Plum, gen. 23. t. 109. — Coram, hort. 1. p. 137. t. 71.
Branches horizontal. Flowers scattered over the older branches,
and even in the trunk itself, solitary, pedicellate, sometimes all
green, but most often variegated with green, purple, red, and
yellow; they do not wither, but become putrid, and in that
state exhale a nauseous and intolerable smell. The form and
size of the fruit are variable ; from spherical to bottle -shaped, and
from 2 inches to a foot in diameter. These, however, if they
are no more than varieties, are very constant. The fruit is co-
vered with a thin skin, of a greenish yellow colour when ripe ;
under this is a hard, thin, woody shell, inclosing a pale yellowish
soft pulp, of a tart, unsavoury flavour, surrounding a great num-
ber of flat seeds. These shells, cleansed of their pulp, and de-
prived of their outer skin, and dried, are used by the inhabitants
of tropical America, for drinking cups ; those of the long, small-
fruited kind, are formed into spoons and ladles ; those which
are round are cut through the middle, and used as cups for cho-
colate and cacao : in short, these shells are converted into a
variety of domestic furniture. They are frequently large
enough to hold a gallon of fluid ; they serve to boil water in, as
they bear the fire well. The thicker parts are frequently used
as button moulds in the West Indies. The Caribs engrave the
outside with a number of grotesque figures, which they some-
times colour black or red. The pulp is sometimes eaten by the
negroes, but is not looked upon as being either agreeable or
wholesome ; it is, however, much used by way of poultice ; and
a syrup made of it is in much request among the natives, in dis-
orders of the breast, in contusions and inward bruises. The
wood being very tough and flexible, is very fit for the coach-
maker, and is frequently used for making saddles, stools, and
other furniture. The leaves and branches are eaten by cattle,
in times of scarcity, as is also the pulp of the fruit. The tree is
called Tutuma in some parts of America.
rar. 13 ; leaves narrow ; fruit smaller, globose or ovate.
Plum. gen. 23.
Var. y, Cujete minima, fruclzi duro. Plum. gen. 23. The
smallest Calabash tree, with a hard fruit.
Cujete or Common Calabash Tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1690. Tree
20 to 30 feet.
2 C. cucurbitIna (Lin. syst. p. 5G5. mant. 250. Swartz,
obs. 234.) leaves ovate, rather coriaceous, solitary ; fruit ovate,
acuminated. P; . S. Native of Jamaica, in dry rocky places ;
and about Campeachy. C. latifolia. Mill. diet. no. 2. C.
Cujete, var. c, Lin. spec. 873. — Plum. gen. 23. icon. 109. —
Brown, jam. 266.— Pkik. aim, 124. t. 171. f. 2,— Sloan, jam.
206. hist. 2. p. 172. Branches erect. Pedicels 2-5, terminating,
one-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Corollas size of those of
the preceding, dusky ; the base of the tube and throat is white.
The fruit varies in size ; the shell is so thin as to be unfit for
any purpose ; the seeds are also much thinner ; and the pulp is
deeper yellow than that of the preceding.
Gourd-like Calabash-tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1 733. Tree 20
feet.
3 C. acumina'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 157.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cuneately narrowed at the
base, in fascicles. h . S. Native of the Island of Cuba, near
Havannah and Los Guines. Branches elongated, white. Flowers
size of those of the two preceding. Fruit globose, 3-4 inches
in diameter. It differs from C. Cujete in the leaves being nar-
rower, acuminated, and less firm.
^cuminated-leaved Calabash tree. Clt. 1822. Tree.
4 C. aculea'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 158.) branches
prickly ; leaves ternate or simple, twin ; common petiole fur-
nished with a narrow wing above. I? . S. Native of Mexico,
near Campeachy. — Hern. mex. 290. Branches terete, warted.
Leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, running into the petioles at the
base. Prickles nearly opposite, subulate at top, and thickened
at the base. Flowers solitary or twin on the tops of the
branches. Corolla as in the genus, greenish. Fruit oblong,
ribbed.
Prickly Calabash tree. Tree.
BIGNONIACE^. XXV. Crescentia. XXVI. TANiEciuM. XXVII. Tripinnauia. PEDALINE^.
233
5 C. ala'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 158.) unarmed ; leaves
3 together, all ternate ; or the middle one of tiie three is ternate,
and the lateral ones simple ; common petioles broadly winged.
h ,S. NativeofMexico,in very hot places, near Acapulco. There
are prickle-formed tubercles, wiiich rise from the same point as
the leaves. Leaves 3, from the axil of each tubercle ; middle
leaf ternate, on a long petiole ; lateral ones simple, smaller, and
sessile. Simple leaves obovate- oblong, obtuse ; leaflets of the
ternate ones oblong, obtuse, acutish at the base. Flowers scat-
tered, size of those of Cobce'a scdndens, on short pedicels, pale
red, reticulately veined. Fruit globose, 4-6 inches in diameter,
ex Bonpl.
Ji'inged-Y>et\o\ed Calabash tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
Cult. The species of Crescentia grow well in a mixture of
loam, peat, and sand; and ripened cuttings will strii<e root in
sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. The trees require to be so
large before they come to a flowering state, that it is not likely
they will ever be brought to blossom in this country.
XXVI. TANiE'CIUM (from TayarjKr]^, tanaekes, long ; stems
elongated.) Schreb. gen. no. 102:3, and p. 834. Swartz. prod,
p. 91. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1049. Crescentia species of authors.
Tripinnaria species, Spreng. gen. 2. p. 506.
LiN. SYST. Didyndmia, Angiosperma. Calyx tubular, trun-
cate, entire. Corolla with a long, cylindrical tube, a wide
throat, and an erectly spreading, 5-cleft, nearly equal limb ;
the 2 upper segments approximating, less divided, nearly upright;
the 3 lower spreading, a little reflexed. Stamens 4, nearly
equal in length, with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers 2-lobed.
Stigma 2-lobed. Berry large, pedicellate, globular or oblong,
2-celled. Seeds oblong, angular, nestling in the pulp. — Climb-
ing shrubs, natives of Brazil. Leaves alternate, simple, or binate,
ternate, glabrous.
1 T. PARisiTicuM (Swartz, prod. 92. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1053.)
leaves ovate, coriaceous ; stem climbing, shrubby, radicant. Ij .
^. S. Native of Jamaica and Caraccas. Jacq. hort. schoenbr.
1. p. 61. t. 115. — Brown, jam. 262. Leaves shining. This
plant sustains itself by the help of the neighbouring trees,
or is found spreading on the ground, if it does not meet with
support.
Parasitical Tanaacium. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub climbing.
2 T. Jaroba (Swartz, prod. 92. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1050.) lower
leaves ternate : superior ones twin ; tendrds from the tops of
the petioles, between the leaflets ; stem scandent. J; . ^. S.
Native of Jamaica, most common between St. Elizabeth's and
Westmoreland. — Brown, jam. 267. — Sloan, jam. 207. hist. 2. p.
173. — Jaroba Marcg. bras. 25. Pis. bras. 173. Flowers white.
This species climbs to the tops of the loftiest trees, and along
their tops.
Jaroba Tansecium. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bignonia, p. 222.
XXVII. TRIPINNA'RIA (so named, from the leaves of one
of the species being tripinnate ) Spreng. gen. 2. p. 506. Tri-
pinnia, Lour. coch. 391.
Lin. SYST. Didijnamia, Angiosperma. Calyx unequally 5-
cleft, or 5 crenate, campanulate, or cup-shaped. Corolla funnel-
shaped, or sub-campanulate, with a widened throat, and a 5-cleft
spreading limb ; segments ovate, undulated, villous, upper ones
the largest. , Stamens 4, didynamous, about equal in length to
the corolla, with the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bifid, acute or
bilamellate. Berry large, fleshy, 1 -celled, filled with pulp.
Seeds oblong, compressed, nestling in the pulp. — Large trees,
with pinnate or tripinnate, alternate leaves. Flowers racemose,
terminal.
1 T. Asia'tica (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 842.) leaves tripinnate,
VOL. IV.
acuminated; racemes terminal. lo . G. Native of Cochinchina,
in woods on the mountains. Tripinna tripinnaria. Lour. cc;ch. p.
391. A large tree, with spreading branches. Leaves glabrous.
Flowers yellowish, disposed in terminal, corymbose racemes.
Asiatic Tripinnaria. Tree large.
2 T. ?Africa'na (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 842.) leaves pinnate ;
leaflets oblong, serrated ; flowers lateral from the trunk.
Ij . S. Native of Mozambique. Crescentia pinnata, Jacq. coll.
3. p. 203. t. 18. Tanae'cium pinnatuni, Willd. spec. 3. p. 312.
A large tree. Calyx unequally 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped,
purple inside; having the tube dilated above ; segments of the
limb ovate, acute. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment
of a fifth. Berry size of a man's head.
African Tripinnaria. Clt. 1824. Tree large.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Crescentia, above.
Order CLIX. PEDALI'NEjE (this order contains plants
agreeing with the genus Pedalium in important characters.) R.
Br. prod. p. 519. — Sesameae, Kunth, syn. 2. p. 251. Marty-
niaceae. Link, handb. 1. p. 504.
Calyx divided into 5 nearly equal parts (f. 23. a.). Corolla
monopetalous, hypogynous, irregular, having the throat ventri-
cose, and the limb bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed;
with the rudiment of a fifth (f. 23. i.). Ovarium girded by a
glandular disk at bottom, of many spurious, 1-2-seeded cells.
Style simple ; stigma undivided. Fruit drupaceous, dry, usu-
ally rauricated (f. 23. c), with several cells formed by the
splitting of 2 placentas, and the divergence of their lobes as in
the ovarium. Seeds pendulous, erect or horizontal, with a
papery testa. Albumen none. Embryo straight. — Herbaceous
plants ; with opposite leaves ; and axillary, bibracteate flowers.
This order diflfers from Bignoniacea, in the seeds being usually
definite and wingless ; in the woody, parietal-lobed placentas,
which spread and divide variously inside the pericarpum, so as
to produce a 4-8-celled fruit, out of a 1 -celled ovarium.
The leaves of Sesamum are emollient ; its seeds contain an
abundance of fixed oil, as tasteless as that of olive oil, for which
it might be substituted, and which is expressed in ^Egypt in
great quantities. The fresh leaf of Pedalium inHrex, when agi-
tated in water, renders it mucilaginous, in which state it is
prescribed by the Indian doctors, in cases of dysuria, &c.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Se'samum. Capsule oblong, compressed, tetragonal, 4-
celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment contrary to the valves, bipartite.
Seeds numerous, imbricated in one row in each cell.
2 Marty^nia. Drupe oblong, bicornute at apex, the ante-
rior horn sulcately- toothed, containing a 4-celled nut ; cells
few-seeded.
3 Craniola'ria. Drupe ovate, containing a 4-celled, woody
nut, which is furnished with 2 short horns at apex. Seeds 4 in
each cell, but often solitary.
4 JosEPHiNiA. Lobes of stigma bifid. Drupes prickly, con-
taining a 4-S-ceIled nut ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds erect.
5 Peda'lium. Drupe ovate, 4-cornered (f. 23. c), the cor-
ners furnished each with a thorn towards the base (f. 23. d. c),
containing a 2- celled, 4-winged, corky nut. Seeds pendulous,
2 in each cell.
H H
234
PEDALINEiE. I. Sesamum. II. Martynia.
I. SE'SAMUM (from 'S^rjaajxov, Sesamon, of Tlieophrastus
and Dioscoiiiles ; from Sempsen, the jEgyptian name of one of
the species.) Lin. gen. no. 782. Schreb. gen. no. 1048.
Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Juss. gen. 138. Lam. ill. t. 528.
— Digitalis species, Tourn.
Lin. syst. Didynamla, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-parted ; the
upper segment the smallest. Corolla with a short tube, and a
campanulate throat ; limb quinquefid, somewhat bilabiate ; the
lower segment the longest. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed,
with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate.
Capsule oblong, compressedly tetragonal, 4-celled, 2-valved ;
dissepiment contrary to the valves, bipartible. Seeds numerous,
disposed in one series, somewhat imbricated, ovate, a little com-
pressed, wingless, erect. — Annual herbs, with opposite and alter-
nate leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary. Peduncles biglandidar ;
glands bracteate. Corollas white, [lale red or yellow.
1 S. I'ndicum (Lin. spec. 834.) downy ; lower leaves ovate,
.3-lobed : superior ones lanceolate, undivided ; stem erect,
branched. ©. S. Native of the East Indies, common. Sims,
bot. mag. 1788. S. trifoliatum, Mill. diet. no. 3 — Rumph.
amb. 5. t. 204. t. 76. f. 1.— Pluk. phyt. t. 109. f. 4. Stem
scabrous. Leaves on long petioles, downy on both surfaces, glau-
cous beneath. Flowers white, tinged with red. In the plant
found by Martius in Brazil, the rudiment of a fifth filament is
wanting. This species was first introduced to Jamaica by the
.lews, and is now cnltivated in the West Indies. It is called
Vanglo, or oil plant. The seeds are frequently used in broth, by
many of the Europeans ; but the Jews make them chiefly into
cakes. Many of the Oriental nations look upon the seeds as a
very wholesome food, and express an oil from them, not
unlike, or inferior to, the oil of almonds. A decoction of the
leaves and buds, is looked upon as a good resolutive, and fre-
quently ordered in inflammations of the eyes, where warm
fomentations become requisite.
Var. (i, rosea (Blum, bijdr. 778.) flowers rose-coloured. ©.
H. Native of Java, on the mountains.
/wdian Oily-grain, or Oil-seed. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. PI.
U to 2 feet.
2 S. Orienta'le (Lin. spec. 883.) leaves ovate-oblong, entire.
©. S. Native of the East Indies, and is now cultivated in
South America. Lin. hort. cliff". 318. fl. zeyl. 318. Willd. spec.
3. p. 358. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Thunb. jap. 254.
Lour. coch. 382. S. veterum, Bauh. pin. 27. Riv. mon. t.
1 14. — Burm. ?eyl. 87. t. 38. f. 1. Schit-elu, Rheed. mal. 9. p.
105. t. 54. Corolla dirty white, or pale red. Plant ratlier
hairy. This species is frequently cultivated in the Levant, and
.ilso in Africa, as a pulse ; the seeds have been introduced into
Carolina, by the African negroes. An oil is expressed from
them, which will keep many years, without acquiring any rancid
smell or taste, but in two years becomes quite mild, so that,
when the warm taste of the seed which is in the oil when first
drawn is worn off", it is used as a salad oil, and for all the
purposes of sweet oil. They are also used by the negroes
for food ; they parch them over the fire, then mix them "with
water, and stew other ingredients with them. A puddin^ is
made from them in the same manner as from millet or rice,
called Benny, or Bonny, in Carolina. In Japan, where they
have no butter, they use the oil for frying fish, and in dressino-
other dishes; as a varnish ; and medicinally, as a resolvent and
emollient. In China and Cochinchina, they are used for the same
purposes.
Eastern Oi\y-grii'\n, or Oil-seed. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. PI.
1 J to 2 feet.
3 S. lu'teum (Retz. obs. 6. p. 31. no. 56.) leaves lanceolate,
on long petioles ; corollas hispid on the outside. 0. S. Native
of the East Indies, in forests, at Nidrapur. Stem a little
branched. Leaves alternate, having the margins and nerves
beneath scattered with short hairs. Calyx and capsule hispid.
Corolla deep yellow.
l'e//o7i'-flowered Oil-seed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 S. radia'tum (Schum. pl. guin. p. 274.) hairy ; leaves
usually 3 in a whorl, on short petioles : lower ones roundish-
ovate, deeply toothed ; upper ones ovate-oblong, quite entire ;
bracteas setaceous, solitary. ©. S. Native of Guinea. Stem
slightly tetragonal. Flowers purple.
Radiate Oil-seed. PI. 4 feet.
5 S. lauinia'tum (Klein, Willd. spec. 2. p. 359.) leaves all
bipartite and jagged ; stem prostrate, hispid. ©. S. Native
of the East Indies, near Hydrabad. Branches ascending at top.
Leaves on short petioles, scabrous on both surfaces. Margins
of the teeth of the calyx hispid. Capsule obtuse at both ends.
Sesamum prostr^tum, Retz. obs. 4. p. 28, is a very doubtful
plant, or probably a synonyme of Torinia Asidtiea.
Jaggcd-\ea\eA Indian Oil-seed. PI. prostrate.
Cult. The species of Sesamum are grown in our gardens
only as botanical curiosities. The seeds of them require to be
reared on a hot-bed frame in early spring, and otherwise treated
like other tender annuals, by planting them out in the open
border, in a warm, sheltered situation, about the end of May.
II. MARTY'NIA (so named by Houston, in honour of Jolm
Martyn, F.R.S., professor of botany at Cambridge ; author of
Historia Plantarum variarum, and several other works ; editor
of Virgil's Georgics and Eclogues, born Sept. 1699, died 1708.)
Houston, rel. t. 10. Lin. gen. no. 753. Schreb. gen.no. 1010.
Mart. t. 42. Juss. gen. 140. ed. Usteri, 156. G.Tertn. fruct.
2. p. 131. t. 110. Glox. obs. t. 1-2. — Proboscidea, Juss.
Schmidel. icon. t. 12.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-cIeft, nearly
equal, bracteate at the base. Corolla sub-campanulate ; limb 5-
lobed, unequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 of them sometimes
sterile, with always the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate.
Drupe or capsule oblong, bicornute at apex ; the anterior horn
suleately toothed, containing a 4-celled, woody nut ; cells few-
seeded. Seeds ovate, a little compressed, wingless, pendulous.?
Radicle superior. — Herbs with opposite, rarely alternate leaves.
Flowers spicate, axillary and terminal.
1 M. a'nnua (Lin. syst. 559. spec. 862. Swartz, obs. 230.)
stem branched ; leaves alternate, lobed, cordate at the base ;
stamens 4, all fertile. ©. H. Native of Mexico, in high
plains; and on the banks of the Mississippi. Sabb. hort. t, 91.
Gajrtn. fruct. 2. p. 131. t. 110. M. proboscidea, Glox. in obs.
p. 14. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 339. Mill. diet. t. 286. Sims,
bot. mag. 1056. M. alternifolia. Lam. diet. 2. p. 112. Pro-
boscidea Jussieuii, Schmidt, icon. 49. t. 12-13. Med. boh.
beob. 17S3. p. 20. M.Louisiana, Mill. diet. no. 3. This is a
large annual, villous, viscid plant. Corollas with a yellowish
white tube, variegated with green, yellow, and violet spots and
lines ; limb wide, pale violet, marked with saftVon-coloured and
violet dots and lines. The lobes of stigma close when touched,
according to Tuna.
Var. ft, triloba ; leaves oblong-deltoid, irregularly cordate at
the base, 3-lobed : mid<lle lobe long, sinuated, undulated, and
finely denticulated. ©. H. Native near Vera Cruz. M. triloba,
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linna2a, 5. p. 121. Smaller than the species.
Annual Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1738. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
2 M. LONGiFLORA (Lin, syst. p. 559.) stem simple; leaves
opposite, roundish, repand ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short
pedicels ; tube of corolla gibbonsly flattened at the base ; sta-
mens 1, all fertile. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Ait. hort, kew. 2. p. 339. Meerb. icon. 7. Willd. spec. 3. p.
12
PEDALINEjE. II. Martynia. III. Craniolaria. IV. Josephinia. V. Pedaliuj
235
265. Martynia Capensis, Glox. obs. p. 1;3. Stem erect, sca-
brous. Leaves 3-nervetl. In place of bracteas at the base of
the peduncles, there is a pedicellate gland. Tube of corolla
very long. Corollas purplish.
Long-Jlowered Martyu'ia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 17S1. PI. 2 feet.
3 M. dia'ndra (Glox. obs. p. l-t. t. 1. Jacq. sclioenbr. 3.
p. 2\. t. ;2S9.) stem branched ; leaves opposite, lobed, cordate at
the base ; stamens 4, 2 of them sterile. Q. G. Native of
Mexico, at Vera Cruz ; and near Campeche. Andr. bot. rep.
.575. M. angulosa. Lam. diet. 2. p. 112. Martynia reliq.
Houst. p. 5. t. 10. M. annua, Lin. spec. ed. 1. syst. ed. 10. —
Martyn. cent. 42. t. 42. Erhert. pict. t. 1. f. 5. phil. trans. ."8.
no. 427. p. 3. Stem reddish. Leaves villous and viscid.
Flowers thyrsoid, in the fork.s of the stem, drooping. Corolla
with a white tube, tinged with purple, and spotted with red and
yellow ; limb pale red, with a shining purple spot at each seg-
ment : upper lip reflexed.
Diandrous Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 feet.
4 M. lu'tea (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 934.) stem branched, clothed
with glandular down ; leaves opposite, cordate-orbicular,
toothed, clothed with glandular down ; beaks much longer than
the pericarp. O- H. Native of Brazil. Calyx involucrated
by 2 bracteas. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, orange -yellow,
clotlied with blood-colour inside.
re//o»!)-flowered Martynia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 M. Zakqueba'rica (Lour. coch. 386.) stem procumbent ;
leaves pinnatifid, pilose ; flowers axillary, solitary ; beaks of
capsule secund. Ij . S. Native of Zanzibar. Leaves petio-
late, pilose. Flowers pale purple. Calyx pilose, with lanceolate,
nearly equal, deciduous, expanded segments. Corolla ringent,
with a large, roundish, gibbous tube, and a short limb ; upper
lip trifid, obtuse, the middle segment emarginate ; the lower lip
ovate, longer, entire. Fruit bisulcate on both sides, 4-beaked,
4-celled, 1 -seeded, 2-valved.
Zanzibar Martynia. Shrub procumbent.
Cult. The seeds of the species should be reared on a hot-bed,
as other tender annuals ; and when transplanted into other
pots, they should be kept in the hot-house or green-house
until the seed is ripened. A light rich soil suits them best.
III. CRANIOLA'RIA (from Kgavioy, kranion, a skull ;
some resemblance in capsule.) Lin. gen. no. 8CS. Juss. gen. ed.
Usteri, p. 156. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 153. —
Martynia species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Didtjnamia, A ngiosperma. Calyx campanulate,
spath-formed, 5-toothed, cleft on one side, bracteate at the base.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a very long tube, a campanulate
throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip bifid ; lower one tri-
fid : the middle lobe the broadest. Stamens 4, didynamous,
with the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate. Drupe
ovate, acute, containing a 4-cellcd, woody nut, which is fur-
nished with 2 short horns at apex. Seeds 4 in each cell, or
often solitary, ovate, a little compressed, wingless. — Villous,
clammy herbs. Leaves opposite, 5-lobed. Flowers racemose
from the forks of the branches, or axils of the leaves, or tops of
the branches. Corollas white, with a painted throat.
1 C. a'nnua (Lin. mant. 417. syst. 417. Jacq. amer. 173.
t. 110. Nees, et Mart, in act. bonn.'ll. p. 68.) stems annual,
branched ; leaves cordate, palmate, toothed ; tube of corolla
longer than the calyx, which is bibracteate. ©. G. Native of
the tropical parts of America. Martynia craniolaria, Swartz,
obs. 230. Glox. obs. p. 14. Willd. spec. 3. p. 262. Martynia
spathacea. Lam. diet. 2. p. 212. — Erhr. pict. t. 1. f. 2. Corolla
white. The natives of Venezuela prepare from the dried roots
of this plant a bitter and cooling drink.
^HHMa/ Craniolaria. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 C. unibractea'ta (Nees, in Mart. nov. act. bonn. 11. p.
67.) stem perennial, branched ; leaves cordate, rather angular,
toothed ; tube of corolla length of calyx, which is unibracteate.
If.. S. Native of Brazil, about Cachuera, and at Rio das
Contas. Holoregmia viscida. Mart, in bot. zeit. 1821. 1. p. 300.
bras, reise. 2. band. p. 239 and 344. Martynia spathacea,
Spreng. syst. add. p. 338. Leaves a hand broad. Flowers
disposed in long, simple racemes from the tops of the branches.
Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, having the bottom painted with
purple dots. Plant canescent.
Unibracteate Craniolaria. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
Cidt. The seeds and plants of C annua should be treated in
the same manner as those of the species of Martynia. Cran.
unibracteata should be treated like other common perennial
stove plants ; and it may either be increased by seeds or
cuttings.
IV. JOSEPHI'NIA (named in honour of the Empress Jose-
phine, a great patron of botany and gardening.) Vent. malm.
p. 67. t. 67. R. Br. prod. p. 520. Blum, bijdr. 779.
LiN. SYST. Didynaniia, Angiospirma. Calyx 5-parted, equal.
Corolla with a short tube, a large campanulate throat, and a 5-
lobed, spreading, bilabiate limb ; upper lip semi-bifid ; lower one
trifid : the middle segment the longest. Stamens 4, didynamous,
with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers free. Stigma bifid; the seg-
ments emarginate, or semi-bifid ; therefore the stigma is commonly
called 4-cleft. Drupe dry, prickly, falsely 4-8-celled, opening
at top, by 2-4 holes ; cells 1- seeded ; seeds erect. Radicle
anterior. — Diffuse herbs. Leaves opposite, entire. Peduncles
axillary. Flowers purplish.
1 J. Imperatricis (Vent. malm. p. 67. t. 67. mem. de I'inst.
sc. phys. 1806. 1. sem. p. 71.) ovarium 4-5-celled ; leaves lan-
ceolate-elliptic, acute, downy beneath, as well as the stem ; calyx
equal. $ . G. Native of New Holland, on the west coast.
Baudin. Leaves ovate-cordate, ex Vent. Flowers pale pink,
dotted, like those of Catiilpa syringcefbUa, ex Vent.
'Empress's Josephinia. Fl. ? Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 J. GRANDiFLORA (R. Br. prod. p. 520.) ovarium 8-eelled ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, downy beneath; stem glabrous ;
upper segment of calyx one half shorter than the rest ; lower
segment of corolla more than twice the length of the rest. $ .
S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers pur-
plish.
Great-Jlowered Josephinia. Shrub?
3 J. Cele'bica (Blum, bijdr. 779.) ovarium 8-celled ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, downy ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ;
drupes tomentose ; calyx equal. J; . S. Native of the Celebes,
in woods.
Celebes Josephinia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub.
Cidt. For culture and propagation, see Martynia, above.
V. PEDA'LIUM (from Tnj^aXw)', pedalion, the rudder of a
ship ; in reference to the dilated angles of the fruit.) Lin. gen.
no. 794. Schreb. gen. no. 1065. Rottb. in coll. hafn. 2. p.
255. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 276. t. 58. Juss. gen. 140. ed. Us-
teri. 156. — Murex. Lin. fl. zeyl. 440.
Lin. syst. Didyn^mia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-parled (f.
23. «.) ; the upper segment very short ; and the lowest longest.
Corolla with a 3-cornered tube, a widened campanulate throat,
flat beneath, and a 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, with the rudiment of a fifth (f. 23. b.); filaments pilose
at the base. Anthers twin, cruciate, terminated by a gland.
Stigma bifid, revolute. Drupe dry, ovate-conical (f. 23. c), 4-
cornered, the corners thorny on the angles (f. 23. c. d.), con-
taining a 2-celled, 4-winged, corky nut ; cells 2-seeded ; seeds
pendulous, arillate, one above the other : there is an empty cell
H H 2
236
PEDALINE^. V. Pedalium. C0BEACE;E. Cob^a. ARAGOACEiE.
below the fertile ones. — A trichotomous herb, with the habit of
Matlynia. Leaves opposite. Flowers axillary, solitary. Fruit
like thohe of Trupa.
1 P. MU REX (Lin. spec. 892.) ©. S. Native of the East
Indies, Ceylon, Malabar, Coromandel, &c. near the sea. Lam.
ill. t. 538. Murex, Lin. fl.
zeyl. 440. Burm. ind. 139. t. FIG. 23.
45. f. 2. — Herm. zeyl. p. 42.
Cucu - Mullu, or Kakii - tali,
Rheed. mal. 10. p. 143. t. 72.
A pretty large, succulent,
branched plant. Root deep
orange - coloured, branched.
Stem hardly any. Branches l-
2 feet. Leaves obovate, obtuse,
regularly toothed, truncate,
pretty smooth, 3-nerved, 2-3
inches long, and H to 2 inches
broad ; petioles glandular.
Flowers pretty large, yellow,
on sliort pedicels, erect ; on
each side of their insertion is a
small, roundish, brown gland.
Drupe nutant, armed with 4 sharp spines, one on each corner,
at the base. The whole plant has an odour of musk. Of the
same genus is the Planta Euphrasice affinls, Pluk. t. 373. f. 2.
The sterile filament is terminated by an orange-coloured head.
This plant, when fresh, has the singular property of rendering
water or milk mucilaginous, without altering the taste, or colour,
or smell of the liquid. This effect goes off in the course of 8 or
12 hours, leaving the liquid in its former state. Butter-milk is
often sold in the markets of India ; and in order to make a
greater profit on their merchandize, they dilute it with water,
and then thicken the whole by turning it round a few times with
a few fresli leafy branches, which makes the adulterated butter-
milk seem rich, and of the best sort.
CuUrop-ir\.MeA Pedalium. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1778. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Marlijn'ta, p. 235.
Order CLX. COBEA'CEjE (this order only contains the
genus Cohce'a.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1824. vol. 10.
p. 3.
Calyx leafy, 5-cleft, equal (f. 24. a.) Corolla inferior, cam-
panulate, regular, 5-lobed (f. 24. 6.), imbricate in aestivation.
Stamens 5, unequal (f. 24. 6.), rising from the base of the corolla ;
anthers 2-celled, compressed. Ovarium superior, 3-celled,
surrounded by a fleshy, annular, hypogynous disk ; ovula
several, ascending. Style simple ; stigma trifid (f. 24. h.).
Fruit capsular, 3-celled, 3-valved ; with a septicidal dehiscence;
placenta very large, 3-cornered in the axis, its angles touching
the line of dehiscence of the pericarpium. Seeds flat, winged,
imbricated in a double row ; their integument mucilaginous.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons foliaceous ;
radicle inferior. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, ab-
ruptly pinnate ; the common petiole lengthened into a tendril.
Flowers axillary, solitary. This order is readily distinguished
from Bignoniacece and Pcdalinece, the two foregoing orders, in
the flowers being regular and pentandrous, in the presence of
albumen to the seeds, &c. ; and from Polemoniiiccce it is readily
distinguished, by habit alone, and by the winged seeds.
L COB^'A (named in honour of B. Cobo, a Spanish bota-
nist.) Cav. icon. 1. p. 11. t. 16-17. and vol. 5. p. 69. t. 500.
Pers. syn. 1. p. 185. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
151.
Lin. syst. Pentandrta, Monogynia. Character the same as
that of the order. Calyx permanent, covering the capsule; seg-
ments large, orbicular.
1 C. sca'ndens (Cav. 1. c.) FIG. 24.
leaflets 3 pairs, elliptic, mucro-
nate, marginate, and slightly
ciliated : lower pair close to
the stem, and sub-auriculate on
one side at tlie base ; tendrils
branched ; calycine segments
broad, roundish, mucronulate ;
stamens about equal in length,
hardly longer than the corolla.
1j . ^ G. Native of Mexico,
in various parts. Sims, hot.
mag. 851. Calyx glaucous,
5-winged, before expansion.
Flowers large, campanulate,
with a short tube of a dark,
dirty purple colour, (fig. 24.
Lobes of corolla rather spreading, broad, short, roundish, im-
bricate, ciliated.
Climbing Cobgea. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1792. Shrub cl.
2 C. lu'tea (D. Don, in edinb. phil. jour. vol. 10. p. 4.)
leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, acute ; lower pair close to the
stem ; tendrils branched at top ; calycine segments lanceolate,
tapering to the apex ; stamens twice the length of the corolla.
^2 • ^. G. Native of Guayaquil. Flowers yellowish, about
half the size of those of C. scdndens.
I'e/fojy-flowered Cobsea. Shrub cl.
Cull. The C. scdndens is a great favourite with most gar-
deners ; it is a quick-growing, and profuse-flowering climber.
It is well adapted for a large conservatory or greenhouse. It
grows also well in the open air, in summer, trained against a
south wall, or against a house, where it will flower in abundance.
The plant is best raised from seeds, which ripen in abundance ;
but it may also be raised from cuttings, which latter mode is
almost needless.
Order CLX I. ARAGOA'CE^E (this order only contains
the genus Aragoa.) Genera Bignoniaceis affinis. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 154.
Calyx deeply 5-parted (f. 25. a.) Corolla tubular, salver-
shaped (f. 25. b.) ; limb 4-parted ; the lobes convolutely imbri-
cate in aestivation ; at length spreading. Stamens 4 (f. 25. c),
inserted in the sinuses between the lobes of the corolla, exserted ;
anthers cordate (f. 25. c), the cells confluent, opening by a con-
tinuous hne. Style filiform (f. 25. c.) ; stigma capitate, minutely
papillose. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved (f. 25. g.); valves cloven ;
dissepiment parallel with the valves. Seeds 4-5 in each cell,
compressed, with a membranous border. Albumen copious,
fleshy. Embryo erect; with plano-convex, obtuse, fleshy, coty-
ledons, furnished with 3 nerves ; and a blunt radicle, much
shorter than the cotyledons. — Much branched shrubs, natives of
the mountains, near the city of Santa Fe de Bogota, in New
Granada ; with opposite branches. Leaves small, coriaceous,
imbricated in 8 rows. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile,
small, white.
ARAGOACE^. I. Aragoa. POLEMONIACE^E.
237
Tliis order is nearly related to the Polemoniacca; ; but differs
from it, in its undivided stigma, in the confluent cells of the
anthers and bilocular ovarium ; and from Scrophularhiece, in its
regular flowers, foliaceous embryo, and convolute aestivation of
the corolla,
I. ARAGO'A (named in honour of Francisco Arago, member
of Academy of Paris; the celebrated astronomer.) H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 1. p. 154. t. 216-217.
Lin. syst. Tclidndria, Monogijnia. Character the same as
that of the order.
1 A. cupre'ssina (H. B. et FIG. 25.
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
15G. t, 216.) branches downy ;
leaves scale-formed, ovate-del-
toid, glabrous, closely adpressed,
with rather woolly edges; throat
of corolla villous. I;.G. Native
of Santa Fe de Bogota. A.
juniperina, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.
t. 210. b. Segments of corolla
obovate, ciliated. Margins of
the segments of the calyx ci-
liated. Anthers cordate, reni-
form. Filaments villous at the
base.
Cypress-like Aragoa. Shrub.
2 A. ABIETINA (H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 156.) branches glabrous ; leaves
linear, spreading, ciliated a little ; corolla glabrous. ^ . G.
Native along with the preceding. Branches 3-4 in a whorl.
fir-like Arogoa. Shrub.
Cult. Aragoa is a genus of beautiful and singular shrubs.
Should either of them ever be introduced to our gardens, we
would recommend their being treated as greenhouse plants ; to
be planted in pots, well drained with sherds, in a mixture of
peat and sand.
Order CLXII. POLEMONIA'CE^ (the plants contained
in this order agree in important characters with the genus Pole-
monium.) Juss. gen. p. 136. ed. Usteri, p. 152. D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 160.
Calyx tubular (f. 26. a., f. 27. a.), 5-cleft (f. 27. a.), or 5-
toothed (f. 26. a.). Corolla rotate (f. 26. 6.), or salver-shaped
(f 26. d.), or often funnel-shaped (f. 29. b.) ; limb 5-lobed (f.
27. d., f. 29. b.), imbricate or twisted in aestivation. Stamens
5 (f. 26. c, f. 27. b,, f. 29. c), inserted sometimes beneath, and
sometimes above the middle of the tube ; anthers sagittate (f.
29. c), incumbent, 2-celled. Ovarium simple, 3-celled (f. 28.
/.), entire ; ovula numerous, rarely definite. Style very long
(f 29. (/.) ; stigma 3-lobed (f 27. c, f. 29. e.) : lobes linear,
obtuse. Capsule 3-celled (f. 28. y".), 3-valved, oblong, trigonal,
rarely globose ; valves opposite to the margins, septiferous inside
in the middle, usually membranous, rarely thickish, and crusta-
ceous, as in the genus Cantua ; placenta trigonal, central, applied
to the angles of the dissepiments. Seeds convex, angular, naked ;
or compressed and girded by a membrane ; testa simple, mem-
branous, the surface mucilaginous. Albumen fleshy, conform-
ing to the seed. Embryo straight, large ; with flat, orbicular or
oval, somewhat foliaceous cotyledons ; and a thickish, obtuse,
straight, inferior radicle, which is generally shorter than the co-
tyledons.— Beautiful herbs or shrubs, usually branched. Leaves
usually alternate, more rarely opposite, exstipulate, undivided,
pinnatifid, or pinnate. Flowers terminal, numerous ; or axil-
lary, and nearly solitary, in most of the species bracteate. Co-
rollas showy, blue, red, or white.
This order is characterized by a regular, 5-lobed corolla ;
a triple stigma ; a 3-celled, 3-vaIved capsule, with septife-
rous valves ; seeds numerous, or definite, attached to a 3-
sided, central placenta, covered by a thin, mucilaginous inte-
gument, and furnished with a fleshy albumen ; and, lastly,
by a straight embryo, with somewhat foliaceous cotyledons.
The most nearly allied order to it is Convolvulacece, which,
however, is readily distinguished from it, by having a simple
or double stigma ; by the septa instead of proceeding from
the centre of the valves, being directed to their margins ;
and the seeds having no central placenta, being attached to the
bottom of the cells. The seeds are very different, being covered
by a thin, very fragrant, mucilaginous albumen ; with a curved
embryo, having large, foliaceous, plaited, and wrinkled, emargi-
nate cotyledons. The Polcmoniaccce, through the genus Cantua,
has some affinity likewise with Bignoniacece ; but that order has
an irregular corolla ; a bilamellate stigma ; a very different cap-
sule ; transverse seeds, destitute of albumen ; and lastly, a
foliaceous embryo, with a curved radicle. Externally the
PlumbaginecE, have some resemblance to the Polcmoniiiceof,
through Phlox and Plumbago; but the former order has 4 or 5
stigmas, and a simple ovarium attached to the bottom of the
calyx.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 PoLEMoNiuM. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft (f. 26. a.) Co-
rolla rotate (f. 26. b.) ; limb erect. Stamens inserted in the
throat (f. 26. c), bearded at the base ; cells of capsule many-
seeded.
2 Diape'nsia. Calyx 5-parted, coriaceous, tri-bracteate at
the base. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube short. Stamens inserted
in the recesses of the corolla, nearly sessile. Stigma obsoletely 3-
lobed. Cells of capsule many-seeded.
3 Phlox. Calyx deeply 5-cleft (f. 27. a.), connivent. Co-
rolla salver-shaped (f. 27. d.) ; tube elongated ; limb twisted in
aestivation ; with cuneated segments. Stamens inserted above
the middle of the tube. Cells of capsule 1-seeded.
4 Huge'lia. Calyx tubularly campanulate ; segments some-
what spinose, linear. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short, ex-
serted ; segments of the limb oblong. Stamens inserted at the
throat. Cells of capsule many-seeded.
5 Lina'nthus. Calyx tubular ; with 5 strong green nerves,
vvliich are drawn out into subulate, recurved teeth at the apex.
Corolla funnel-shaped; tube short; segments of limb obovate,
crenulated at apex. Stamens inclosed. Cells of capsule many-
seeded.
6 Leptosipiion. Calyx tubularly-campaniilate; lobes linear,
subulate. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube very long, slender ;
limb campanulate ; with oval, obtuse lobes. Stamens inserted
at the throat. Cells of capsule many-seeded.
238
POLEMONIACE^. I. Polemonium.
7 Fe'nzlia. Calyx tubularly campanulate, deeply 5-cleft ;
segments linear. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped ; tube short ;
seornents of the limb obovate, toothed ; anthers exserted from
the tube. Cells of capsule many-seeded.
8 GiLiA. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft (f. 28. a.). Corolla
funnel-shaped (f. 28. 6.), or sub-campanulate ; segments of the
limb obovate. Stamens inserted in the throat. Cells of capsule
many-seeded.
9 jEgochloa. Calyx tubularly campanulate, 5-cleft ; seg-
ments unequal, spiny, entire to raultifid. Corolla somewhat
salver-shaped ; segments oblong, entire ; tube equal in length to
tlie calyx. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube.
Cells of capsule many-seeded.
10 Coll6.mia. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla salver-
shaped ; tube slender ; segments of the limb oblong, entire.
Stamens inserted towards the middle of the tube. Cells of cap-
sule 1-2-seeded.
11 Calda'sia, Calyx tubular, 5-tootbed, equal to the tube
of the corolla in length. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes of limb
cuneated, emarginate. Stamens inserted in the middle of the
tube. Cells of capsule 1-seeded.
12 LfESE'LiA. Calyx tubular, involucrated by pungent brac-
teas (f. 29. «./.); segments pungent. Corolla funnel-shaped (f.
29. b.) ; tube long ; (f. 29. g.) lobes of limb broadly obovate, en-
tire. Cells of capsule few-seeded. Seeds flat, orbicular, girded
by a narrow membrane.
13 Ca'ntua. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, often cleft to the
middle on both sides. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube long ;
lobes of limb obcordate, convolute in aestivation. Stamens
inserted near the base of the tube. Cells of capsule many-
seeded. Seeds compressed, girded by an oblong, membranous
wing.
I. POLEMONIUM [noXefxuviov, jiolemonion, of Dioscorides,
from TToXe/ioc, polemos, war.) Tourn. inst. 146. t. 61. Lin.
gen. no. 217. Schreb. gen. no. 289. Juss. gen. 136. ed.
Usteri, p. 152. Ga;rtn. fruct. 1. p. 299. t. 62. Lam. ill. t.
106. Schkuhr. handb. t. 38. ed. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 160. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 232.
Lin. syst. Pentdwlria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
cleft (f. 26. a.). Corolla rotate (f. 26. b.), with a short tube, and
a 5-lobed, equal, erect limb. Stamens 5 (f. 2G. c), equal, in-
serted in the throat of the corolla ; filaments dilated at the base,
bearded, in a continuous ring, and nearly closing the tliroat ;
anthers incumbent. Capsule roundish, with menibranaceously
crustaceous valves, covered by the permanent calyx ; cells many-
seeded. Seeds oblong, trigonal, filled with large albumen.
Radicle twice longer than the cotyledons. — Erect, herbaceous
plaius, with alternate, usually impari-pinnate, seldom impari-
bipinnate leaves ; leaflets entire ; terminal, panicled corymbs of
bracteate flowers, and blue or white corollas.
1 P. cffiRULEUM (Lin. spec. 230.) stem glabrous; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; seo--
ments of calyx ovate or elliptic lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers
erect, corymbose; calyxes hairy ; segments of corolla roundish-
oval, obtuse ; anthers elliptic. %. H. Native of Siberia, and
the north of Europe ; as of Germany, Switzerland, Lapland,
Denmark, in shady places. It is sometimes found apparently
wild, in some parts of Britain ; as at Malham Cove, in York-
shire ; at Matlock, in Derbyshire ; as well as near Bakewell,
and at Lover's Leap, Buxton, .Smith, engl. bot. t. 17. Fl.
dan. t. 255. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 82. Valeriana coeriilea, Bauh.
pin, 164. Valeriana GraoVa, Dod. pempt. 352. f. 1. — Besl.
eyst. 9. t. 11. f. 2. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 103. t. G9. Capsule ovate-
globular, obsoletely 3-grooved. Flowers blue. This plant is
called Greek Valerian, Jacob's Ladder, or Ladder of Heaven.
It is a common border flower ; with erect, stiff stems.
Var. fj, Jlure dlbo ; flowers white. The white-flowering
common Greek-Valerian. Berl. eyst. 9. t. 11. f. 3.
Far. y; stem and calyxes woolly. 1^. H. Native of Siberia.
P. coeruleum, ft, Lin. ups. p. 40. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 103. t. 50.
far. S, variegata ; leaves variegated.
Var. €, picta ; flowers variegated with white and blue.
Var. I, piliferimi (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1303.) stem erectish,
hardly longer than the radical leaves ; calyxes villous. %. H.
Native of North America, Richardson. Stem and leaves pilose.
Flowers blue.
Blue-Rowered or Common Greek- Valerian. Fl. June.
2 P. gra'cile (Willd. cnum. suppl. p. 10.) stems simple,
elongated ; leaves pinnate : calyx full of glandular down ; seg-
ments of corolla ovate, obtuse ; anthers sagittate. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of Dahuria. P. coeruleum, y gr^cile. Horn. hort. hafn. 2.
p. 957. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 364. Flowers pale blue.
Slender Greek-Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1808. PI.
U feet.
~3 P. SiBiRicuM (G. Don, mss. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 182.)
erect, glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets petiolate, pinnatifid ;
segments lanceolate ; petioles and calyxes pilose ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, acute ; segments of corolla elliptic ; stamens sagit-
tate ; stem fistular, angular, glabrous, but downy at top. %.
H. Native of Siberia. P. lacteum, Lehm. hort. sem. hamb.
1825. p. 17. pug. 1. p. 27. act. bonn. 14. p. 815. Pol. dissectum,
Rchb. icon. t. 4G3. Lower leaflets ciliated. Flowers white,
crowded, sub-corymbose. Filaments pilose at bottom. This
species differs from all others, in the bipinnate leaves. Perhaps
only a variety of P. cceruleum.
.S/ienan Greek- Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI.
2 feet.
4 P. pulche'llum (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 20. fl. alt. 1.
p. 233.) stems downy, nearly naked ; radical leaves pinnate ;
leaflets oblong, acute : upper ones confluent, all glandularly
ciliated ; calycine segments linear-oblong, acutish ; flowers
erect, corymbose. % . H. Native of Siberia, in stony places, in
the Kuraic Islands, and at the river Tschuja. Nearly allied to
P. Iiiimilis, Willd. ; but difl'ers, in the stem being suffruticose, in
the calyxes being hairy, in the stamens being sagittate. Flowers
smaller than those of P. cceruleum, from white to blue. Calyx
glandularly ciliated ; segments of corolla roundish ; stigma and
anthers white.
Neat Greek-Valerian PI. \ ^o \ foot.
5 P. ACUTiFLORUM (Willd. mss. in herb, ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 792.) stem nearly leafless; leaves nearly all radical,
pinnate ; leaflets oblong ; calyx hairy at the base ; segments of
corolla ovate, acute, ciliated. 11. H. Native of the north-
west coast of America, Pallas. P. boreale, Adams. Flowers
blue, few in a corymb.
Acute-Jlomered Greek- Valerian. PI. \ font.
6 P. pulche'rrimum (Hook, bot. mag. 2979.) stems many,
ascending, leafy, and are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; leaflets
ovate, obtuse, glabrous : panicles sub-corymbose ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, acute ; segments of corolla ovate, acutish. 1/ . H.
Native of the rocky mountains. Flowers pale blue, varying to
white. Leaves with a faint smell of musk, mostly radical ;
rachi of leaves downy. Corymbs drooping. Corolla rotately
campanulate. Nearly allied to P. Richardshnii.
POLEMONIACE^. I. Polemonium. II. Diapensia.
239
Pre«(M< Greek-Valerian. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 182". PI. i
foot.
7 P. RicHARDSONll (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1827.
bot. mag. 2800.) stems pilose, angular, branched at the base,
leafy; leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-roundish, mucronulate, downy
beneath ; flowers nutant ; calyx villous, viscid, with ovate,
pointed segments; segments of corolla obtuse, crenulated ; root
very long, somewhat fusiform. If.. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in deep sandy soil, about the Great Bear Lake, Richard-
son ; and of Siberia. P. speciosum, Fiseh. mss. P. coeruleum,
var. nana, Hook, in Lin. trans. 11. p. 377. Root yellow. Stem
purplish at the base. Flowers in terminal corymbs; but droop-
ing. Corolla with a yellow tube, and a pale purple limb, marked
with deeper veins. P. speciosum, Fisch. mss. from the islands
of St. Lawrence and St. Paul; and P. lanatum, Fiscli. mss. from
Kamtschatka, is a variety of the same, with more downy stems.
Rkhardscn's Greek- Valerian. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1S2G.
PI. I foot.
8 P. MoscHA^TUM (Wormkiold, mss. ex Graham, edinb. phil.
journ. June 1820.) stems diffuse, branched; leaves pinnate,
slightly downy, rather fleshy ; leaflets roundish-cordate ; calyx
hairy, with obtuse segments ; segments of corolla obtuse. IJ. .
H. Native of North America, Drummond. Root fibrous.
Stems angular, reddish. Leaflets about 10 pairs; those of the
cauline leaves oblong-ovate, the terminal one obovate in both.
Flowers paniculately corymbose, somewhat drooping, nearly
inodorous ; peduncles generally 2-flovvered, sometimes drooping.
Peduncles, pedicels, calyxes, and stem clothed with glandular
down. Corolla with blue limb, having deeper veins, indistinctly
crenated. Hooker considers this plant the same as P. Richard-
sonii.
iV/««%-scented Greek- Valerian. Fl. May, June. Clt. 182".
PI. 3 to 4 inches.
9 P. viLtosuM (Rudolf, Georgi, besch. des. russ. reichs. 3. p.
771. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 2GG.) stem pilose, angular, erect ;
leaves with many pairs of leaflets, which are ovate-blimtish,
pilose on both surfaces ; flowers a little panicled, drooping ;
segments of corolla roundish, crenulated. 1/. H. Native of
Siberia, Kamtschatka, &c. P. lanatum, Fisch. mss. P. humile,
Roeni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 792. Lindl. bot. reg. 1304. Pol.
coeriileum, ft, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 103. no. 69. Stem leafy. Calyxes
villous and viscid ; with ovate-bluntish segments. Corollas
blue. Perhaps only a variety of P. Rkhardsonli.
/'i//ow Greek- Valerian. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1S26. PI. i
foot.
10 P. Mexica'num (Cerv. FIG. 26.
in Lagasc. gen. et spec. nov.
diagn. p. 10. no. 140. Ker.
bot. reg. 242.) plant viscid, and
clothed with glandular down on
every part ; leaves pinnate,
downy ; leaflets lanceolate ;
outer ones combined, usually
forming a 3-lobed, terminal
leaflet ; flowers drooping ; calyx
clothed with clammy villi. 1/ .H,
Native of Mexico. P. ciiiatum,
P. bursifolium, P. pimpinelloi-
des, Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 793. Flow-
ers corymbose, pale blue. Plant
very pale green. Mr. Nuttall
found this, or a nearly allied species at Flat-Mead river, in
which the leaflets are somewhat rhomboid-ovate, acutish ; and
the calycine segments oblong, acute. Mr. James also found it
on the banks of the Canadian river; but the flowers in his
plant are said to be smaller.
A/exicflK Greek Valerian. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1817. PI.
1 foot.
IIP.? cilia'tum (Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 792.) leaves pinnatifid, hairy, ciliated; segments of corolla
ciliately toothed. %. H. Native of Pennsylvania, Muhlen-
burgh. Leaves sessile, with acute segments. Flowers terminal,
racemose. Calycine segments linear, ciliated, acute, length of
corolla. Perhaps a species of Eutuca.
CHiaied-\ea.\ed Greek- Valerian. PI.
12 P. re'ptans (Lin. spec. 230.) root creeping ; stems leafy,
glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7, ovate, acute, glabrous ;
flowers nutant; segments of corolla cuneate. 1/. H. Na-
tive of North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, on
the sides of rich hills. Mill. fig. t. 209. Sims, bot. mag.
1887. Leaflets 7 to 11 in number. Flowers in a loose, pani-
cled corymb. Flowers blue, and sometimes white.
CreepfHg Greek- Valerian. Fl, April, May. Clt. 1758. PI.
5 foot.
Cult. The species of Greek-Valerian are all handsome,
hardy, border flowers, of easy culture. They grow in any com-
mon garden soil ; and are readily increased by dividing at the
root, or by seed.
II. DIAPE'NSIA (the ancient Greek name for the Sanicle.)
Lin.gen.no. 194. fl. lapp. 1. Juss. gen. 13-5. edit. Usieri,
p. 151. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 251.
Lin. syst. Pentdndrla, Monogyiiia. Calyx 5-parted, coria-
ceous, tribracteate at the base. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
short, wide ; limb flat, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, inserted in the
sinuses of the corolla nearly sessile ; anthers linear, obtuse, in-
serted by their bases, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma obsoletely
3-lobed. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds roundish. —
Small, tufted, North American herbs. Leaves alternate,
crowded at the roots, coriaceous, quite entire. Peduncles scape-
formed, 1 -flowered. This genus is said to be nearly allied to
Phlox, but is easily distinguished from that genus, in the shorter
corolla, in the concrete lobes of the stigma, in the many-seeded
cells of the capsule, in the alternate leaves and inflorescence.
1 D. Lapponica (Lin. fl. lap. no. 88. t. 1. f. 1. spec. p. 202.)
leaves linear-spatulate, coriaceous, glabrous, with callous, sub-
revolute edges; peduncles usually 1 -flowered, erect; anthers
oblique, mutic. %. F. Native of the mountains of Norway
and Lapland, among stones covered with moss ; and New Hamp-
shire, on tlie highest mountains, among moss ; also of the Rocky
mountains. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. n. s. t. 251. Wahl. fl. lapp.
p. 58. t. 9. CEd. fl. dan. t. 47. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1108. D. ob-
tusifolia, Sal. par. lond. t. 104. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. l.p.
1 47. Corollas salver-shaped, with obtuse segments, pure white.
Lapland Diapensia. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1801. PI. 1
inch.
2 D. CUNEIFOLIA (Sal. par. lond. t. 104. Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 148.) leaves lanceolate-cuneated, downy below;
anthers horizontal, beaked at the base. 1/ . F. Native of North
Carolina, on high mountains ; plentiful on pine barrens of New
Jersey, near the sea coast. In the island called Grand Cayman,
we have seen this plant, or a nearly allied species, growing
near the sea, along with Jacqmnea linearis, and Heliotropiuin
gnaphahndes. D. Americiina, Herb. Banks. Pyxidanthera
barbulita, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 152. t. 17. Caly.xes
ciliated ? Flowt rs small, white. Leaves bearded inside at the
base. Stems trailing.
J/Wge-fcrtirrf Diapensia. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 to 2
inches.
240
POLEMONIACE^E. III. Phlox.
Cull. Tlie species of Diapensia are small, tufted, evergreen,
alpine plants, difficult of culture. They should be grown in
small pots, well-drained with sherds, in a mixture of sand and
peat, and placed among other alpine plants. They require to be
protected from frost and wet in winter, by placing them in a
frame. They may be increased by dividing at the roots.
III. PHLOX (Cfom (jiXoi, phlox, Hame ; in reference to the
bright colour of the flowers.) Lin. gen. no. 214. Schreb. gen.
284. Juss. gen. 139. edit. Usteri, 152. Gfertn. fruct. 1. p.
299. t. 62. Lam. ill. 108. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 125. Ly-
chnidca. Dill, elth. 166.
LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft
(f. 27. a.), sub-cylindrical or sub-prismatic ; segments acute,
connivent. Corolla salver-shaped (f. 27. d.), with a narrow,
sub-cylindrical tube, which is a little curved, and longer than the
calyx ; limb spreading, twisted in aestivation, as in Apocynece ;
segments cuneate. Stamens 5, unequal (f. 27. b.), 3 longer,
and 2 shorter, inserted in the tube above the middle ; filaments
filiform ; anthers sagittate, elevated to the orifice of the tube of
the corolla. Capsule roundish ; valves membranous ; cells 1
seeded. Seeds oblong, convex outside. Albumen large. Radicle
twice longer than the cotyledons. — Herbaceous, perennial, rarely
suffruticose plants, with opposite, simple leaves : but the floral
ones are sometimes alternate, sessile. Flowers terminal, pani-
cled or corymbose, lilac, rose-coloured or red, blue, or white.
§ 1. Leaves broad. Plants tvitJiout any barren stems.
1 P. PANicuLA^TA (Lin. spec. 216. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 205.)
erect, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, gradually narrowed, flat, with
rough edges; corymbs panicled ; segments of corolla roundish,
of the calyx awned. If . H. Native of Virginia and Low er
Carolina, in rich moist meadows. Mill fig. 2. t. 205. f. 2. —
Dill. elth. f. 166. f. 203. Flowers purple.
Var. ji, alba; flowers white, with a tinge of red. 1{ . H.
Native of North America, Lyon. A more robust plant than
var. a, and probably a distinct species.
Pfoiic/erf-flowered Phlox. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1732. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
2 P. UNDULATA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 205.) erect, glabrous;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat undulated, with scabrous
edges ; corymbs panicled ; segments of corolla obovate, some-
what retuse ; of the calyxes awned. 1/. H. Native of Vir-
ginia and Carolina, in high mountains and meadows. P. pani-
culata, Michx. fl. amer. 1. p. 144. Flowers purple. A beau-
tiful plant, resembling the preceding ; and the flowers of the
same colour.
C/»((/M/ated-leaved Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 4
to 5 feet.
3 P. pyramida'lis (Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 55. t. 87.) erect,
glabrous ; stem scabrous, spotted ; leaves cordate-oblonf, acu-
minated ; panicle fastigiate, pyramidal ; segments of corolla
cuneately truncate ; calycine teeth erect, lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous, with scabrous edges. %. H. Native Irom Pennsyl-
vania to Carolina, in mountain meadows. Lodd. bot. cab. 342.
Sweet, fl. gard. 233. P. Carolina, Walt. fl. car. 296. Flowers
pale flesh-coloured, or lilac.
Var. /3, pendutyiura (Hort.) flowers rather pendulous.
Far. y, corymhdsa (Hort.) flowers densely corymbose.
Pyramidal- Rowered Phlox. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
4 P. LATiFOLiA (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 143.) erect, gla-
brous ; stem smooth ; leaves cordate-ovate ; flowers fastigiately
corymbose; segments of corolla nearly orbicular ; teeth of calyx
lanceolate, hardly acuminated. If, H. Native of Carolina,
in shady places, among Sphagnum. Flowers large, purple.
Perhaps only a variety of P. pyramidalis.
Broad-leaved Phlox. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. S feet.
5 P. coRDA TA (Ell. fl. corol. 2. p. 40. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t.
13.) stems smooth, slightly tetragonal; leaves oblong-cordate,
acuminated, with scabrous edges ; corymbs panicled, pyrami-
dal ; pedicels and calyxes downy ; calycine segments loncr-
awned ; corolla with a downy tube, and obovate, rounded, dis-
tinct segments. 1/ . H. Native of Carolina. Corollas of a
bright purplish lilac colour.
Corc/aJe-leaved Phlox. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
6 P. coRYMBosA (Hortul. cx Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 114.)
stem erect, downy, branched at top, rather tetragonal ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, undulated, downy beneath, with scabrous
edges; corymbs panicled; calycine teeth subulate; segments
of corolla roundish-obovate, imbricate. If. H. Native of
North America. Stems more or less purple. Branches of
corymb many-flowered. Corollas purplish lilac, with a white
star at the base. Tube of corolla downy.
Corymbose-Rowered Phlox. Fl. ? Clt. ? 3 to 4 feet.
7 P. macula'ta (Lin. spec. 216.) erect ; stem scabrous,
spotted ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, with rough edges ;
panicle oblong, crowded with flowers ; segments of corolla
roundish ; teeth of calyx acute, recurved. 'If . H. Native from
New England to Carolina, in wet meadows. Pursh, fl. l.p.
149. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 58. t. 127- Gsertn. fruct. p. 299.
Flowers purplish, violet or purple. Stem marked with brown
spots.
^;jo»e(/- stemmed Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1740. PI. 3
feet.
8 P. odora'ta (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 224.) stems erect, branched
at top, rather scabrous ; leaves acuminated, glabrous, with sca-
brous edges : lower ones linear : middle oblong-lanceolate :
superior ones cordate-ovate ; branches corymbose, many-
flowered, somewhat fastigiate ; teeth of calyx ovate, shortly acu-
minated, erect ; segments of corolla cuneately obovate. if. H.
Native of North America. Phlox bimacul^ta, Hort. Flowers
of a bright red lilac colour, sweet-scented. Branches of corymb
forming a thyrsoid raceme. Nearly allied to P. glaberrima
and P. maciduta.
Sneet-scenlcd Phlox. Fl. Aug. Clt. ? PI. 3 feet.
9 P. refle'xa (Hortul. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 232.) stems
downy, scabrous, spotted ; leaves reflexed, glabrous, shining
above : lower ones narrow- lanceolate : superior ones cordate,
acute ; flowers crowded, panicled, w ith many-flowered branches ;
teeth of calyx lanceolate, mucronate, spreading; tube of corolla
glabrous, curved ; segments of the limb roundish-obovate, im-
bricated at the base. 1/. H. A hybrid production. Flowers
dark purple, in close, crowded panicles, sweet-scented.
BeJJexed-leaved Phlox. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ? PI. 2 or 3
feet.
10 P. Sca'bra (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 248.) stem glabrous at bot-
tom, and downy at top ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, sca-
brous above, with undidated, denticulately scabrous edges ;
flowers in loose panicles ; calyxes pilose ; teeth of calyx subu-
late, straight ; tube of corolla curved, villous ; segments of co-
rolla obovate, spreading, slightly emarginate. 2/ . H. Native
of North America. Phlox Americana. Hortul. Flowers pale
lilac, fragrant.
Scabrous Phlox. Fl. Aug. Clt.? PI. 3 to 4 feet.
11 P. acumina'ta (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 730. Sims,
bot. mag. 1880.) erect, downy; stem angular; leaves ovate-
POLEMONIACE^. III. Phlox.
241
lanceolate, acuminated, narrowed below, somewhat petiolate,
downy beneath ; floral leaves siibcordate ; corymbs subpanicled ;
corolla with roundisli segments, and a downy lube ; calycine
segments awned. !{.. H. Native of Georgia and South Caro-
lina, on the mountains. Flowers variegated with pale and deep
purple. P. decussata, Lyon, mss.
Acuminat€d-lesi\ed Phlox. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
12 P. PENDULIFLORA (Swect, liort. brit. ed. 2d. p. 368. fl.
gard. n. s. t. 46.) stem rather flexuous, obsoletely quadrangular,
clothed with rough pubescence, spotted ; leaves oblong'lanceo-
late, acuminated, nearly sessile, glabrous and shining above,
having the margins and nerves scabrous beneath ; corymbs
many-flowered, panicled, drooping before expansion ; calyxes
downy, with lanceolate, mucronate segments ; segments of co-
rolla roimdish, imbricate. If. H. Native of North America.
Flowers of a rosy purple colour, sweet-scented ; tube smooth, a
little recurved.
Pendulous-flonered Phlox. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1823. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
13 P. Carolina (Lin. spec. 216.) erect; stem downy, sca-
brous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, except
the margins and nerves, which are scabrous beneath ; corymbs
panicled, subfastigiate, with many-flowered branches ; segments
of corolla roundish ; teeth of calyx glabrous, lanceolate, erect ;
segments of corolla roundly obovate. 1/ . H. Native of Lower
Carolina, in wet meadows ; and on the mountains of Virginia.
Sims, bot. mag. 1344. Mart. cent. t. 10. Sweet, fl. gard. 190.
Flowers beautiful, pale purple, the size of those of P. suaveolens ;
tube of corolla smooth. P. Carolina, Pursh, fl. amer, sept. 1. p.
149, is probably P. triflora, Michx.
Carolina Phlox. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1728. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
14 P. TRIFLORA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 143.) erect; stem
obsoletely tetragonal, rather downy ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ;
blanches of corymb usually 3-flo\vered ; teeth of calyx linear ;
segments of corolla roundly obcordate, slightly undulated, at
length reflexed. 1/ . H. Native of Virginia, on the mountains.
Sweet, fl. gard. 49. P. carnea, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2155. Lodd.
bot. cab. 711. Flowers in loose spreading corymbs, pale lilac.
Segments of calvx nearly as long as the tube of the corolla.
Three-Jlo7vered Ph\oK. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
15 P. NiTiDA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 730.) erect, quite
glabrous ; stems terete, spotted, smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong,
rather fleshy, shining and dark green above, pale beneath ; co-
rymbs fastigiate ; lower branches elongated, nearly naked ; seg-
ments of corolla broad-obovate, rather retuse ; calycine teeth
lanceolate, mucronate. 2/. H. Native of South Carolina. P.
sufFruticosa, Hort. Nearly allied to P. Carolina; but the
flowers are large, long, and of a beautiful purple colour.
5A;nm^-leaved Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 feet.
16 P. SUFFRUTICOSA (Vent. malm. 2. p. 107.) erect, glabrous ;
stem glabrous, trifid at top, and suflVuticose at the base ; leaves
lanceolate, shining on both surfaces, and acute at both ends,
almost veinless ; corymbs crowded with flowers. 11 . H. Na-
tive of North America. Willd. enum. 1. p. 200. Poir. encycl.
suppl. 4. p. 397. Mordaunt Delauny, herb. amat. 3. t. 4. Ker.
bot. reg. 68. Stem much branched, ex Vent. Corolla deep
purplish violet, with deeper lines at the base ; segments of the
limb roundish-obovate.
StiffrulicoscVUox. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. PI. 2 feet.
17 P. GLABERRiMA (Lin. spec. 217. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t.
36.) plant tufted ; stems erect, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, smooth: corymbs terminal, trifid, sub-fastigiate ; fascicles
3-4-flowered : segments of corolla roundish ; teeth of calyx
acuminated, spreading, mucronate. 1/ . H. Native of Lower
VOL. IV.
Carolina, in wet meadow's ; and on the mountains of Virginia.
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 149.— Dill. elth. t. 1G6. f. 202.— St. Hil. 18. t.
6. — Kerner, a'k. pflanz. t. 136. Flowers of a reddish lilac,
dying oft' bluish.
Quite glabrous Phlox. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1725. PI. U to
2 feet.
18 P. TARDiFLORA (Penny, in Young, hort. eps. p. 38. Loud,
hort. brit. p. 596.) stem roughish, obscurely spotted ; leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous on botb surfaces, shining,
with scabrous edges : upper leaves the broadest ; racemes pani-
cled ; segments of corolla rounded ; tube very long, 3 times
longer than the calyx ; calycine teeth lanceolate, acute, erectish.
2/ . H. Native of North America. P. longiflora. Sweet, brit.
fl. gard. n. s. t. 31. Stem bluntly tetragonal. Flowers pure
white, fragrant. Very nearly allied to P. suaveolens.
Laic-fotvering Ph\oK. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
19 P. Sickma'nni (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1826. p. 17. act.
bonn. 14. p. 814. t. 46.) stems erect, obscurely tetragonal, gla-
brous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, scabrous, but glabrous
beneath ; flowers disposed in large corymbose panicles, which
are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; bracteas ciliated ; teeth of
calyx subulate, margined with red, ciliated ; segments of corolla
obovate; stigma bifid. 1{., H. Native of North America.
P. scabra. Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 248. Stem pale purple above,
marked with dark purple spots at the axils of the leaves. Leaves
rather undulated ; lower ones attenuated at the base ; upper ones
subcordate. Limb of corolla violaceous, each segment marked
by an obcordate, white spot at the base.
Sickmann's Phlox. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
20 P. suave'olens (Ait. hort. kevv. l.p. 206.) erect; stem
quite glabrous, without spots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ;
racemes panicled ; segments of corolla roundish ; calycine teeth
lanceolate, acute, erectish. 1^. H. Native from Canada to Vir-
ginia, in meadows. P. maculata, /3, Candida, Michx. fl. bor. 1.
p. 145. Flowers white, sweet-scented. There is a variety of
this species, having the leaves edged with white, or pale yellow.
Sweet-scented-Howered Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1766.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
21 P. Drummondi (Hook. bot. mag. t. 3441.) annual ; stems
erect, simple at bottom, but a little branched at top, beset with
spreading hairs, as well as the edges of the leaves, calyxes, brac-
teas, 8;c.; leaves ovate-lanceolate, half stem- clasping, all mucro-
nate and downy, lower ones opposite, upper ones alternate ;
panicle trichotomously corymbose ; flowers on very short pe-
dicels ; calycine seginents linear-subulate, mucronate, a little
reflexed ; tube of corolla much curved, hairy, 3 times longer
than the calyx; segments of corolla imbricate, cuneate, obtuse,
entire. Q.H. Native of Mexico, in the Texas. D. Don, in
Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 316. Flowers of a beautiful purple, with
a darker eye. Lower leaves always opposite ; upper ones nearly
ovate.
Drummond's Phlox. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1835. PI. 1 foot.
§ 2. Leaves broad. Plants with barren stems.
22 P. ovA^TA (Lin. spec. 217.) erect, glabrous; radical leaves
ovate, acute, rather fleshy, cauline ones ovate-oblong ; corymbs
subfastigiate ; segments of corolla undulated, retuse ; teeth of
caly,x linear, acute. T^.H. Native of North America. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 842. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 150. — Plukn. mant. p. 122. t.
348. f. 4. Flowers beautiful, reddish purple.
J^ar. ft, Listonidna (Hort.) radicle leaves ovate: cauline ones
lanceolate. If.. H. Native of North America. P. ovata,
Curt. bot. mag. t. 582.
Ooa^e-leaved Phlox. Fl. May, July ; ft, July, Aug. Clt.
1759 ; ft, 1816. PI. 1 to li foot.
23 P. re'ptans (Mich-x. fl" amer. bor. 1. p. 144. Vent. malm.
I I
242
POLEMONIACE^. III. Phlox.
FIG. 27.
t. 107.) plant creeping, stoloniferous, downy ; radical leaves
obovately-spatulate : cauline leaves lanceolate ; corymbs divari-
cate, few- flouered ; segments of corolla obovate ; teeth of calyx
linear, reflexed. 1/. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on
lii"h mountains. Phlox stolonifera, Curt. bot. mag. 563.
Flowers blue, with a purple centre, very handsome.
Far. ft, crasiijblia (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 293.)
leaves thicker; flowers deeper coloured. "H-. H. Native of
North America. Phlox crassifolia, Lodd. bot. cab. 1590.
Flowers rose-coloured. Branches simple. Leaves and petioles
mucronately fringed with soft hairs on the midrib and edges.
Calycine segments white, lanceolate, acuminated, erect, conni-
vent, with scarious edges. Tube of corolla deep purple, clothed
with glandular hairs, twice as long as the calycine segments ;
limb purple, with rounded, slightlv crenulated segments.
Cwy.i«g Phlox. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. i foot.
24 P. divarica'ta (Lin. spec. 217.) decumbent, downy ;
leaves oval-lanceolate, superior ones alternate; branehlets diva-
ricate, loose, few-flowered ; segments of corolla somewhat ob-
cordate; teeth of calyx linear-subulate. If.H. Native from
Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the mountains, and on the banks of
the Missouri. Curt. bot. mag. 163. Mill. fig. t. 205. f. 1.
Flowers purplish blue. Corymbs dichotomous.
Divaricate Phlox. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1746. PI. I to 1
foot.
25 P. Canadensis (Hort. e.\
Sweet, fl. gard. t. 221.) erect;
stems rather downy ; lower
leaves ovate : superior ones
broad-lanceolate, opposite and
alternate; branches downy, few-
flowered, compact ; teeth of ca-
lyx subulate-linear ; segments
of corolla broad, obcordate ;
tube a little curved, ascending,
much longer than tiie calyx.
%. H. Native of Canada.
Flowers blue, tinged with
lilac, disposed in a terminal,
corymbose panicle. This plant
is very nearly related to P.
divariciila,
Canadian Phlox. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot.
§ 3. Leaves linear-lanceolate, linear, or subulate.
26 P. AuiSTATA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 144.) weak,
erect, clothed with viscid down ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; panicle
loose, fastigiate ; pedicels generally twin ; segments of corolla
oboval ; tube curved, downy ; calycine teeth very long, subu-
late. l/.F. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in sandy
fields ; and of the Rocky mountains, in the valley of the Loup,
Fork, ex Torrey. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 150. Lodd. bot. cab.
1731. P. pilosa, Sims, bot. mag. 1307.? Flowers usually red,
but sometimes white.
Var. a, vlrens (Pursh, fl. 1. p. 150.) corollas reddish purple.
Var. ft. canescens (Pursh, 1. c.) corolla whitish rose-coloured.
Awned-C!i\y\eA. Phlox. Fl. April. Clt. 1S2S. PI. pro-
cumbent.
27 P. PILOSA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 145.) humble, de-
cumbent, downy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, short, routdiish ;
upper ones furnished with nearly sessile fascicles of flowers ;
segments of corolla roundish, obtuse ; tube straight, glabrous ;
calycine teeth subulately acuminated. IJ.H. Native of Caro-
lina, in sandy fields; and on the mountains of Georgia. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1251 — Plukn. aim. t. 98. f. 1. Flowers usually pur-
ple, sometimes white, smaller than those oi P. aristata.
Var. ft, amoena (Sims, bot. mag. 1308.) this is probably
nothing more than a luxuriant garden production of the species.
2/.H.
Pilose Phlox. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. PI. \ to 1 foot.
28 P. procu'mbens (Lehm. cat. hort. hamb. 1829. Sweet,
fl. gard. n. s. t. 7.) stems procumbent, branched ; branches
ascending, clothed with hair-like down, as well as the peduncles
and calyxes ; leaves lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base,
sraoothish, ciliated on the edges ; calycine segments linear,
acute ; segments of corolla cuneately obcordate, with a hairy,
erect tube, twice longer than the calyx. 11. H. Native of
North America. Flowers disposed in terminal, few-flowered
panicles, composed of 1-2-flowered peduncles. Corollas bluish
purple. In habit this species is intermediate between P. subu-
lala and P. pilosa.
Procumbent Phlox. Fl. May, Clt. 1827. PI. procumbent.
29 P. sPECiosA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 149.) erect,
branched, frutescent, glabrous ; leaves linear, acuminated, pun-
gent, dilated and somewhat ciliated at the base, with cal-
lous edges ; upper leaves alternate ; flowers cymose ; caly-
cine segments broad from the base, membranous, acuminated,
about equal in height to the tube of the corolla ; segments of
corolla cuneate-oblong, entire. ^ . F. Native of North Ame-
rica, on the plains of the Columbia. Dougl. in bot. reg. 1351.
Branches of corymb 3-flowered. Corollas flesh-coloured.
Shonnj Phlox. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
30 P. slbula'ta (Lin. spec. 217.) plant tufted, whitish from
down ; leaves linear, pungent, ciliated ; corymbs few-flowered ;
peduncles trifid ; teeth of calyx subulate, hardly shorter than the
tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla cuneately obcordate.
%. H. Native from New Jersey to Carolina, on dry sandy
hills and rocks. Curt. bot. mag. 411. Jacq. fragm. t. 44. f.
4. — Plukn. phyt. t. 98. f. 2. Flowers pink-coloured, with a
handsome purple star in the centre. Calyx villous.
Subulate-\e&\eA Phlox. Fl. April, Jiuie. Clt. 1786. PI. A ft.
31 P. HooDii (Richards, in Frankl. journ. ap])end. ed. 2d. p.
6. t. 28.) plant humble, many-stemmed : leaves subulate, with
woolly edges ; flowers sessile, solitary ; segments of the limb
obovate. %. H. Native of the west coast of America, about
Carlton House; and of the Rocky Mountains, in the valley of the
Loup Fork. This is a singular and beautiful species.
Hood's Phlox. PI. dwarf, tufted.
32 P. ccespitosa (Nutt. journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 41.)
plant diffuse, procumbent ; leaves subulate, ciliated, short, with
reflexed edges ; flowers solitary, on short pedicels ; calycine
segments spinulose ; segments of corolla cuneated, entire. %..
H. Native of the Rocky mountains, at Flat Head river, on the
sides of dry hills. GenevaXhah'xioi P. subulata. Stems downy.
Leaves ending in pungent points. F'lowers terminating the
branches solitary, pale violet or white.
Tufted Phlox. PI. tufted.
33 P. LONGiFOLiA (Nutt. joum. acad. phil. 7. p. 41.) plant
somewhat tufted, many-stemmed ; leaves subulate, very long,
and very narrow, glabrous; stems few-flowered, very short,
puberulous, irregularly trichotomous ; peduncles filiform, elon-
gated ; calycine segments acuminated ; segments of corolla
oblong-cuneated, entire. 1/. H. Native of the Rocky moun-
tains, in valleys, flowering most part of the summer. Stems
almost a span high, many from the same root. Flowers appa-
rently white. Very nearly allied to P. Hoodii.
Long-leaved Phlox. Fl. summer. PI. ^ foot.
34 P. MuscoiDES (Nutt. 1. c. p. 42. t. 6. f. 2.) plant densely
tufted, small ; leaves closely imbricated, oblong-lanceolate, co-
piously ciliated, very short ; flowers sessile, hardly exserted ;
segments of corolla cuneated, entire. %. H. Native of Alpine
situations, at the sources of the Missouri. Root large, descend-
POLEMONIACE^. III. Phlox. IV. Hugelia. V. Lin.antiius, VI. LEPTosinioN.
243
ing. The whole plant depressed to the appearance of a hoary
Brijuiii, no part of it hardly rising to the height of i an inch
from the ground. Leaves all hoary, lanuginose at the edges,
ending in acute points. Flowers large, white, with a yellow spot
towards the orifice.
Moss-like Phlox. PI. tufted, ^ inch.
35 P. He'ntzii (Nutt. 1. c. p. 110.) plant tufted, downy ;
leaves linear or lanceolate, ciliated, pungent; flowers corymbose,
glomerate, few-flowered ; segments of corolla cuneated, obtuse,
entire ; teeth of calyx acute, shortish. If.. H. Native of the
United States in the southern pine barrens. Habit of P. subu-
lala, but producing short, leafy stems, the summits of which
only are floriferous.
Hentzius's Phlox. PI. i foot
3G P. niva'lis (Sweet, fl. gard. 185.) plant suffruticose, much
branched, procumbent ; branches ascendinj, crowded, doivny,
usually 3-flowered ; leaves linear, in fascicles, cuspidate, ciliated,
recurved ; pedicels and calyxes villous ; tube of corolla twice as
long as the calycine segments, which are linear, and sharp-
pointed: sej^ments of corolla obcordate, plicately lined. 1/. H.
Native of North Carolina. Phlox nivea, Lodd. bot. cab. 780.
Flowers snow-white.
^«f)W)/-flowered Phlox. Fl. April, May. Clt. 18^0. PI.
procumbent.
37 P. seta'cea (Lin. spec. 217.) tufted, downy; leaves in
fascicles, subulate, pungent, ciliated ; peduncles few, terminal,
subumbellate ; segments of corolla cuneated, emarginate ; teeth
of calyx subulate, 3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
Tl . H. Native from Virginiato Carolina, on rocks and barren sandy
hills. Curt. bot. mag. 415. Pursh, 1. p. 151. — Plukn. phyt.
t. 98. f. 2. Flowers pale rose-coloured, with a purple star in
the centre. Calyx hairy.
Setaceous-leaved Phlox. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1786. PI.
procumbent.
38 P. SiBiRicA (Lin. amcen. acad. 2. p. 34-2. spec. 217.)
tufted ; stems numerous, from the same centre, pale green ; leaves
linear, villous ; pedicels 2-4, hairy from the axils of the
upper leaves ; segments of corolla cuneated, entire, and are, as
well as the calyxes, the length of the tube of the corolla. 1/ . H.
Native of Siberia, at the Lena. — Gniel. sib. 4. p. 81. t. 46. f. 2.
Floivers purplish, as also white, with 10 purple stripes. Calyx
cylindrical, hairy, ex Gmel. Segments of corolla from 4 to 6,
often emarginate.
Siberian Phlox. PI. j to -j foot.
N.B. — The following names occur in garden catalogues; but
these, in most instances, are synonymous with some of the above,
or are names given to hybrids or IriJUng varieties.
1 P. excelsa, Penny. 2 P. VVheeleriana, Sweet, a hybrid.
3 P. Shepherdii, Sweet, a hybrid. 4 P. disticha, Sabine. 5 P.
involucrata, Nutt. 6 P. la?'ta. Penny. 7 P. elata, Penny.
8 P. Virginica, Lodd. 9 P. intermedia, Lodd. cat. 10 P.
acutlfolia, Sweet.
Cult. Phlox is a genus of elegant border flowers ; the most
of them thrive in common garden earth, but prefer a rich loamy
soil. Those species belonging to the third section of the genus,
being tender, more dwarf kinds, will require to be protected
under frames in winter, if severe ; and it is therefore safest to
have a plant or two of all these dwarfer kinds in pots. The
larger kinds are easily increased by dividing at the root ; and
cuttings of the dwarf kinds strike root freely if planted under a
hand-glass.
IV. HU'GELIA (named by Bentham, in honour of Baron
Charles de Hu^el, of Vienna.) Benth. in bot. reg. under no.
1622., but not of Rchb., which is Didiscus.
Lin. syst. Pentiindria, Monogynia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panulate, half 5-cleft, with the recesses hartlly membranous ;
segments rather unecpial, linear, stifle, somewhat spinose. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a short exscrted tube, a 5-parted limb, and
oblong, quite entire segments. Stamens inserted at the throat ;
anthers linear, sagittate. Cells of capsule many-seeded. — Annual
or perennial herbs, clothed more or less with white woolliness.
Leaves alternate, linear, entire or pinnatifid. Flowers disposed
in dense, corymbose heads ; with the calyxes and bracteas imbri-
cate, immersed in dense wool. Hugclia differs from G'dia in the
anthers and habit.
1 H. densifolia (Bentii. I.e.) plant humble: stem sraoothish ;
leaves numerous, nearly all pinnatifid, glabrous, with 2-3 acerose
segments on each side ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ;
stamens about equal in length to the corolla. ©. ? H. Native
of California, Douglas. Corollas blue.
Dense-leaved Hugelia. PI. \ foot. ?
2 H. elonga'ta (Benth. 1. c.) branches elongated, divaricate
or procumbent, tomentose ; leaves short, simple, or furnished
witii 1-2 segments on each side, all clothed with white tomentum,
or at length hardly glabrous; tube of corolla exserted ; stamens
exceeding the corolla. ©. ? H. Native of California, Douglas.
Flowers deep blue.
Elongated Hugelia. PI. 1 foot. ?
3 H. virga'ta (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect ; leaves elongated,
simple or pinnatifid, clothed with loose white wool ; tube of
corolla longer than the calyx ; stamens shorter than the corolla.
©. ? H. Native of California, Douglas. Flowers deep blue.
Tw/g-^?/ Hugelia. PI. i foot. ?
4 H. lutea (Benth. 1. c.) erect; lower leaves elongated,
simple, glabrous : superior ones short, pinnatifid, clothed with
white wool; corymbs small; tube of corolla shorter than the
calyx; stamens equal in length to the corolla. 0.?H. Native
of California, Douglas. Flowers yellow.
ye//o?t'-flowered Hugelia. PI. \ foot.?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gilia, p. 245.
V. LINA'NTHUS (from \uov, linon, flax ; and a.-^or,
anthos, a flower ; from the resemblance of the flowers to several
species o{ Lhitim ) Benth. in bot. reg. imder no. 1622.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, mem-
branous ; with 5 strong, green nerves, which are drawn out into
subulate, recurved teeth at the apex. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
with a short tube, a 5-cleft limb, and obovate segments, which
are crenulated at the apex. Stamens inclosed in the tube ;
anthers filiform, hardly sagittate at the base. Cells of capsule
many-seeded. This is a very distinct genus, from the calyx,
anthers, and habit.
1 L. ijIchotomus (Benth. 1. c) ©. H. Native of California.
Douglas. A glabrous, annual herb. Leaves opposite, sessile,
palmate, with 3-5 linear-subulate segments. Flowers solitary in
the forks, almost sessile, bractless, but numerous and approxi-
mate towards the tops of the branches. Corolla size, colour,
and form of Linum suffruticosum.
Dichotomous Linianthus. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gilia, p. 245.
VI. LEPTOSrPHON (from Xetttoc, leptos, slender; and
m^iov, siphon, a tube ; the tube of the corolla is long and slender.)
Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panidate, equal, semi-5-cleft ; lobes linear-subulate, acute ;
sinuses membranous. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a very long,
very slender tube, and a campanulate 5-cleft limb, with oval,
obtuse, quite entire lobes. Stamens inserted at the throat of the
corolla ; anthers oblong, sagittate at the base. Cells of capsule
many-seeded.— Annual herbs, glabrous at the base, and downy
at top. Leaves opposite, sessile, pahnately cut ; with linear or
subulate segments. Flowers disjiosed in dense corymbose heads,
I I 2
244
POLEMONIACEiE. VI. Leptosiphon. VII. Fenzlia. VIII. Gilia.
with die axis rather woolly. Bracteas imbricate, conforming to
the leaves ; with ciliately-liairy segments. This genus differs
from Gilia, sect. Dactyloplitjilum, in the form of the corolla.
1 L. GRANDiFLORUs (Benth. 1. c.) plant nearly simple ; leaves
7-11 cleft ; segments subulate, straight, with revolute margins ;
tube of corolla hardly twice longer than the limb ; filaments
very short. ©. H.- Native of California, Douglas. Corolla
blue, with a golden yellow or purple bottom.
Great-Jlowered Leptosiphon. PI. i foot.
2 L. androsa'ceus (Benth. 1. c. hort. trans, n. s. 1. t. 18. f.
]. hot. reg. 1710.) leaves 5-7-cleft ; segments oblong-linear;
tube of corolla 2-3 times longer than the limb ; stamens 3 times
shorter than the limb of the corolla. ©. H. Native of Cali-
fornia, Douglas. A bushy, pilose herb. Corolla smaller, and
more intensely coloured than the preceding, from white to pale
blue or pink : the tube usually red. The multitude of flowers
gives the plant a very gay appearance.
Androsace-like Leptosiphon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1833.
\ foot.
' 3 L. lu'teus (Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622.) leaves 5-7-
■cleft ; segments oblong-linear ; tube of corolla about 4 times
longer than the limb ; stamens about 3 times shorter than the
limb of the corolla ; style scarcely equal in length to the corolla.
©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Corolla yellow, having
the throat deeper coloured.
Var.ji; corollas paler.
Yellow-^owereA Leptosiphon. PI. i foot.
4 L. parviflo'rus (Benth. 1. c.) leaves 5-7-cIeft; segments
oblong-linear ; tube of corolla 4 times longer than the limb ;
staiTiens hardly one-half shorter than the limb of the corolla ;
style a little exserted. ©. H. Native of California, Douglas.
Corolla pale yellow, with a deep yellow bottom.
Small-Jlowered Leptosiphon. PI. \ foot.
5 L. densiflo'rus (Benth. 1. c. hort. trans, n. s. 1. t. 18. f. 2.
hot. reg. 1725.) leaves 9-11-cleft; segments subulate, erect,
with revolute margins ; tube of corolla shorter than the limb.
©, H. Native of California, Douglas. Habit of L. androsa-
ceiis, only it is gayer in appearance, being more glandular.
The corollas in this are, however, 3 times larger, with a short,
thick tube, instead of a long, slender one ; its colour varies
from purple to blue and white ; but are not produced in the
same profusion as those of Z. androsaceus. From the short tube
of the corolla, this plant probably belongs to Gilia, sect. I.
Dacti/lophi/llum, Benth.
Dense-Jlowered Leptosiphon. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1833.
PI. i foot,
Cull. All the species of this genus are very gay when in
blossom, and are therefore worth cultivating in every garden.
The seeds of them only require to be sown in the open ground,
in April ; and if sown in large patches, the plants, when in
blossom, will have, according to the size of the patch or bed,
a gayer appearance.
VH. FE'NZLIA (so called by Bentham, in honour of Dr.
Fenzl, of Vienna, now publishing a monograph of Alsinece.)
Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622.
Lin. syst. Pcnlandtia, Monogynia. Calyx tubularly-cam-
panulate, deeply 5-cleft, with meinbranous sinuses, and linear,
acutish, erect segments. Corolla somewliat funnel-shaped, with
a short tube, and a 5-parted limb ; segments of the limb obo-
vate, toothed. Anthers ovate-sagittate, a little exserted from
the tube. Cells of capsule many-seeded.
1 F. DiANTHiFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) ©.H. Native of Cali-
fornia, Douglas. A small, annual, nearly simple herb, about
2-3 inches in height, glabrous or downy. Leaves opposite,
linear, quite entire. Flowers 1-3 together, pedunculate. Co-
rolla nearly an inch long, purplish, with a yellow bottom.
Pink-Jlowered Fenzlia. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
Cull. For culture and propagation, see Leptosiphon, above.
VIII. GI'LIA (named after Philippe Salvador Gilio, a
Spanish botanist.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. t. 123.
Benth in bot. reg. under no. 1622. — Ipomopsis, Smith, exot. bot.
1. p. 23. t. 13.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
cleft (f. 28 «.), with the margins and recesses membranous. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, or sub-campanulate (f. 28. h.) ; limb 5-
parted ; segments ohovate, entire. Stamens inserted at the
throat of the corolla, or hardly within the tube ; anthers ovate-
roundish. Capsule oblong, subtrigonal ; valves membranous ;
cells iTiany-sceded. Seeds angular. Albumen sparing. Radicle
shorter than the cotyledons. — Usually annual, rarely biennial
herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with entire or cut segments,
in the sections Ipomopsis and Eugilia ; but in the section Dac-
iylophijllinn, the leaves are opposite, palmately cut, with entire,
subulate segments.
Sect. I. Dactylophyllum (from daKTvKnv, dactylon, a fin-
ger ; and tpvXkor, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the pal-
mate-cut leaves.) Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622. Lower
leaves opposite, all sessile, and palmately cut. Flowers solitary,
on long peduncles. Corolla with a very short tube, and spread-
ing limb. Perhaps a proper genus ?, Benth. 1. c.
1 G. LiNiFLo RA (Benth. I. c.) lower leaves opposite, all ses-
sile, and palmately cut ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx.
©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Flowers white ?, form
and size of those of Ltnum lenuifolium.
Flax-flowered Gilia. PI. ?
2 G. PHARNACEoiDES (Benth. 1. c.) lower leaves opposite, all
sessile, and palmately cut ; corolla twice longer than the calyx.
©. H. Native of California, Douglas. This species differs
from the preceding, in the flowers being one half smaller.
Pharnacenm-like Gilia. PI. ?
3 G. PUSiLLA (Benth. 1. c.) lower leaves opposite, all sessile,
and palmately cut ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. 0.
H. Native of Chili, Bertero. Habit of Arenaria tcnu/fblia.
It differs from G. pharnaceoldes, in the flowers being one half
smaller, and in the corollas being less spreading.
Leasl Gilia. PI. \ foot.
Sect. II. Ipomo'psis (from ittw, ipo, to strike forcibly ;
and oi//ic, opsis, sight ; brilliancy of flowers.) Benth. in bot. reg.
under no. 1622. Ipomopsis, Michx. and other authors. Leaves
alternate, pinnate or pinnatifid. Flowers solitary, or somewhat
glomerate. Tube of corolla elongated, much exserted beyond
the calyx.
4 G. coronopifo'lia (Pers. ench. 1. p. 187.) stem erect, tall,
panicled at top, and clothed with glandular down ; leaves pecti-
nately pinnate ; leaflets linear, acuminated ; tube of corolla 5
times longer than the calyx ; limb of corolla spreading, with
oblong or ovate, acute, flat segments. $ . H. Native of Caro-
lina ; and on the banks of the Canadian river. Lindl. bot. reg.
1691. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 289. Ipomopsis picta, Hort.
gall. Ipomopsis elegans, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 141.
Smith, exot. bot. 1. p. 23. t. 13. Ipomopsis coronopifolia,
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 124. Cantua coronopifolia, Wilkl. spec.
2. p. 879. Andr. bot. rep. 415. Pursh, 1. p. 147. Cantua
pinnaiifida. Lam. ill. 1. p. 473. C. elegans, Poir. diet, suppl.
2. p. 80. Polemonium rubrum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 231. Iponice'a
rubra, Lin. syst. 171. Cantua thyrsoidea, Jus-s. ann. mus. 3. p.
119.— Dill. elth. 2. p. 321. t. 241. f. 312. Stem clothed with
fine glands, mi.xed with downiness. Corollas scarlet, blotched
with white.
POLEMONIACEiE. VIII. Gilia.
245
Buckhorn-kaved GWia. Fl. Aug. Sept. CIt. 1726. PI. 3 to
5 feet.
5 G. aggrega'ta (D. Don, in edinb. pliil.journ. 1822. Sweet,
fl. gard. n. s. t. 218.) stem erect, tall, glabrous, panicled at top;
leaves pectinately pinnate, and are, as well as the bracteas,
covered with cobwebbed villi ; leaflets or segments linear, mu-
cronate; flowers fascicled at the extremities of the branches,
drooping a little ; tube of the corolla 5 times longer than the
calyx ; segments of the limb ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, chan-
nelled. ©. H. Native of the north-west coast of America,
particularly towards the sources of the Columbia, and on the
Canadian river. Ipomopsis elegans, Lindl. bot. reg. 1281.
Gilia pulchella, Dougl. mss. Cantua aggregate, Pursh, amer.
1. p. liT. Upper leaves undivided. Calyx clothed with glan-
dular hairs. Corolla an inch long, scarlet; limb at first erect, at
length recurved. Stamens a little exserted. Segments of co-
rolla spotted.
Aggregate-Rowered GiWa. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1827. PI.
3 feet.
C G. Florida'na ; plant glabrous ; leaves pinnate, capillary ;
flowers disposed in loose racemes ; corolla tubular, narrowed at
bottom ; limb 4 times shorter than the tube ; calyx short, with
setaceous segments. ^ . F. Native of Florida. Cantua
floridana, Nutt. in journ. acad. phil. 2. p. 110. Very like G.
coronopifdlin, but is a more slender plant.
Florida Gilia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 G. Se'ssei ; stem dwarf, branched, clothed with glandular
down ; leaves pinnatifid ; segments cuneated, with pointed
teeth ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, longer than the
calyx ; corolla with a filiform tube, double the length of the
calyx; flowers fascicled. ©. H. Native of Mexico. Gilia
pinnatifida, Sesse et Mocino, in herb. Lamb. Stamens inclosed.
Sesse's Gilia. PI. ^ foot.
8 G. TENUiFLO^RA (Bcnth. 1. c.) Stem erect, tall, clammy,
nearly naked, and panicled at top ; leaves glabrous, bipinnate ;
flowers usually solitary ; corymbs loose, on long peduncles ; co-
rolla 4- times longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Cali-
fornia, Douglas. Flowers blue.
Th'm-fowcrcd Gilia. PI. 3 to 1 feet.
9 G. LONGii'LORA ; plant quite glabrous ; leaves scattered,
finely pinnatifid ; stem much branched, panicled at top; flowers
disposed in loose terminal, panicled, pedunculate corymbs ; tube
of corolla very long. ©. H. Native on the banks of the
Canadian river. Cantua longiflora, Torrey, in ann. lye. p. 221.
Corolla salver-shaped, having the tube an inch long. A remark-
able species, having much the appearance of a Phlox. It differs
from all other species, in the salver-shaped corolla.
Long-fowercd Gilia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
10 G. arena'ria (Benth. 1. c.) stem humble, clammy, nearly
naked; leaves pinnatifid; lobes ovate; flowers somewhat glo-
merate ; corollas 3 times longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native
of California, Douglas. Flowers blue.
Sand Gilia. PI. dwarf.
1 1 G. crassii-o'lia (^Benth, 1. c.) stem erect, clammy, nearly
naked, and panicled at top ; leaves pinnatifid, rather woolly, but
at length glabrous : segments oblong-lanceolate, entire or cut ;
flowers nearly solitary, divaricately panicled ; corollas twice
longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Chili, Cuming.
Flowers yellowish ?
Thick-leaved Gilia. PL 1 to 2 feet ?
Sect. III. Eugi'lia (from cm, well, and Gilia; this sec-
tion is considered to contain the true species of the genus.)
Benth. 1, c. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid or pinnate. Flowers
almost solitary, but usually glomerate. Tube of corolla rather
shorter than the calyx.
12 G. parviflo^ra (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 626.) stem much
branched, and is, as well as the calyxes, clothed with glandular
down ; leaves pinnatifid, lower ones bipinnate ; segments linear ;
flowers solitary, terminal, panicled ; corolla about twice the
length of the calyx. ©. II. Native of North-west America.
Gilia inconspicua, Dougl. in bot. mag. 2883. Ipomopsis incon-
spicua. Smith, exot. bot. 1. t. 14. Cantua parviflora, Pursh,
amer. 2, suppl. p. 730. Corolla small, blue ; tube nearly white.
Inconspicuous Gilia. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1793. Pi. ^ to
1 foot.
13 G. TRICOLOR (Benth, 1. c.hort. trans. 1. t. 18. f. 3. bot. reg.
t. 1704.) stem erect, glabrous, leafy; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets
or segments linear-subulate ; corymbs 3-6-flowered, virgately
panicled; corolla about 3 times longer than the calyx. ©. H.
Native of California, Douglas. Sv\eet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 264.
The peduncles form a large and rather dense panicle. Corolla
with an orange yellow tube and centre, and the light purple or
white of the margin separated by a circle of deep purple.
Nothing can be prettier than this, and other species, when
thickly covering a bed a few feet in length and breadth.
Three-coloured-RoviexeA. Gilia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1833.
PI. 1 foot.
14 G. lacinia"ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. t. 123. f. 6.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 187.) downy; stem erect ; leaves pinnatifid ;
segments narrow-oblong, sinuated ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
1-3-flowered; corolla tubular, hardly longer than the calyx;
calycine segments subulate. ©. H. Native of Chili, Peru,
California, ike, on sandy hills. Cantua breviflora, Juss. ann.
mus. 3. p. 119. Thonnia multifida, Domb, herb. Corollas
purplish, with lanceolate segments.
■/ngg-erf-leaved Gilia. Fl. July. Clt. 1831. PI. i to 1 foot.
15 G. multicau'lis (Benth, 1. c.) stem erect, smoothish ;
leaves somewhat bipinnate, smoothish ; segments linear ; corymbs
3-10-flowered, on very long peduncles, scarcely panicled; co-
rollas hardly twice longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of
California, Douglas. Corollas blue.
M any-stemmed Gilia. PI. 1 foot.
16 G. achille/efo'lia (Benth, 1. c.) stem erect, smoothish;
leaves twice or thrice pinnate ; segments or leaflets linear-
subulate ; corymbs capitate, many-flowered, on very long
peduncles ; calyxes rather woolly ; corollas twice longer than
the calyx; stamens shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native
of California, Dougl. Lindl. bot. reg. 1682. Sweet, fl. gard.
n. s. t. 280. Herb branched, pale green, glabrous. Bases of
leaves ciliated. Corollas purplish blue. This species resembles
G. capitata.
Milfoil-leaved Gilia. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1833. PI. 1
foot.
17 G. capita'ta (Doug, in
bot. mag. 2698. bot. reg. 1 170.)
plant glabrous, erect ; leaves
bipinnatifid ; segments linear,
cut ; flowers sessile, disposed
in dense heads, similar to those
of Jasione, on long peduncles ;
corolla longer than the calyx ;
stamens shorter than the co-
rolla. ©. H. Native of North-
west America. Flowers blue.
C'apitate-f\ov/erQi\ Gilia. Fl.
Jun. Sept. Clt. 1826. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
Cult. All the species of
Gilia are elegant, hardy annuals,
of easy culture, the seeds only
requiring to be sown in the
FIG. 28.
246
POLEMONIACE^. IX. .Egochloa. X. Collomia.
open border in spring. The larger the quantity of each grown
together, the more showy they appear.
IX. iEGOCHLO'A (from aiiaiyoQ, aix aigos, a goat; and
■xXoa, chloa, a green herb ; from the fetid smell of some of the
species.) Benth, in bot. reg. under no. 1622. — Gilia species,
Dougl.
Lin. syst. Pentindria, Monogynia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panulatc, membranous at the base, 5-eleft at the apex ; segments
unequal, stiff, entire or multifid, spinose. Corolla somewhat
salver-shaped ; tube about equal in length to the calyx ; limb
.5-parted ; segments oblong, entire. Stamens inserted in the
upper part of the tube inside ; anthers ovate-roundish. Cells
of capsule many-seeded. — Herbs usually clammy and fetid.
Leaves pinnate; segments or leaflets cut, very acute.
1 M. iNTERTEXTA (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, branched;
leaves glabrous, pinnate ; leaflets or segments linear-subulate,
very acute, cut, divaricate, rather spinose ; calyx woolly, hav-
ing the teeth for the most part multifid ; corolla rather shorter
than the calyx ; stamens exserted. ©. H. Native of Cali-
fornia and North-west America, Douglas.
Interwoven jEgochloa. PI. 1 foot.
'2 M. cotul«;fo^lia (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, strict ; leaves
glabrous, bipinnate ; segments linear-subulate, very acute, those
of the upper and floral leaves spinose; bracteas villous ; calycine
teeth nearly entire ; corolla equal in length to the calyx ; sta-
mens exserted. ©. H. Native of California, Douglas.
Cotula-leaved iEgochloa. PI. 1 foot.
3 JE. pube'scens (Benth. 1. c.) plant clothed with soft down ;
stem branched ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid ;
lobes divaricate, rather spinose ; calyxes and bracteas mem-
branous at the base, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, and villous at
the apex ; corolla about twice longer than the calyx ; stamens
exserted from the tube. ©. H. Native of California, Dougl.
Donmj TEgochloa. PI. 1 foot. ?
4 Sa. i'u'ngens (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, tnuch branched,
clothed with clammy down ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets entire or
cut, the lobes lanceolate-linear, very acute and spinose ; bracteas
ciliately hairy, dilated at the base ; calycine segments lanceolate,
nearly entire ; corolla longer than the calyx ; stamens inclosed.
O. H. Native of California, Douglas ; and of the west coast
of America, in moist ground, in mountain valleys, near the
sources of the Mulnomack river, one of the southern branches
of the Columbia. Gilia pungens, Doug, in bot. mag. t. 2977.
Gilia squarrosa. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 115.
Holtzia squarrosa, Eschscholz, in mem. acad. petersb. 10. p.
283, and in Linnsea, 1823. p. 147. Flowers glomerate, terminal.
Calyx longer than the corolla, ex Hooker. 1'ube of corolla
swelling upwards, almost white ; limb spreading, pale blue ;
segments ovate.
Pungent lEgochXoa.. Fl. July. CIt. 1833. PI. U foot.
5 R. ERYNGioiDEs (Benth. 1. c.) plant smoothish ; leaves
linear, opposite, floral ones pinnatifid, spiny ; flowers glomerate ;
calyx multifid. ©. H. Native of Chili. Gilia eryngioides,
Bot. zeit. 1833. 1. p. 122. Gilia mucronata, Lehm. cat. sem.
hort. hamb. 1832? Nearly allied to the preceding; but differs,
in the smoothness of the plant, and in the leaves, calyx and co-
rolla.
Eryng'ium-like jEgochloa. PI. 1 foot.?
C JE. ATRACTYLioiDES (Benth. 1. c.) plant very clammy ;
leaves pinnatifid; raches dilated ; segments subulate, divaricate,
spinose ; floral leaves ovate, imbricated, spiny-toothed, clasping
the flowers; calycine teeth subulate, entire. ©. H. Native
of California, Douglas. Habit of Alractylis humilis.
Atraclylis-like ^gochloa. PI. 1 foot.
7 IE. ? Torre'yi ; plant erect, simple, or a little branched,
stiff, glabrous ; leaves sessile, digitate, alternate, imbricate ;
segments 5-6, pungent; flowers axillary in the upper part of
the stem, solitary, sessile ; segments of corolla obovate, obtuse.
©. H. Native of the Rocky mountains, in the valleys of Loup
river. Cantua pungens, Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 220. Leaves
sessile, digitate, appearing as if in clusters. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a long, slender tube. Stamens inclosed. Cells of
capside many-seeded. Seeds angular. This has a very dis-
tinct habit from the other species.
Torrey's jEgochloa. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of /Egochloa require the same treatment
as those of Gilia. They are singular, but by no means showy
plants.
X. COLLO'MIA (from KoWa, coUa, glue; in reference to
the seeds being enveloped in a kind of gluey, sticking substance.)
Nutt. gen.amer. 1. p. 126. Dougl. in bot. reg. 1166. and 1174.
Gilia species, Hook.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
cleft, or ,'omewhat 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate or linear, equal,
entire. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a slender, exserted tube ;
and a spreading, 5-parted limb ; segments oblong, entire. Sta-
mens inserted towards the middle of the tube ; anthers ovate-
roundish. Cells of capsule 1-2-seeded. — Annual herbs. Leaves
alternate, the lower ones rarely opposite, quite entire, or deeply
toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers disposed in dense heads,
propped by broad ovate, quite entire bracteas.
1 C. heterophy'lla (Hook. bot. mag. 2895. Lindl. bot. reg.
1347.) plant prostrate, branched, clothed with glandular down ;
lower leaves pinnatifid and cut ; superior ones cuneated, pinna-
tifid or cut; bracteas or involucral leaves, oblong, acute, quite
entire. ©. H. Native of North-west America. Flowers
crowded, shorter than the involucral leaves. Corolla red, with
a white centre.
Various-leaved Collomia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. i
to f foot.
2 C. cocciNEA (Lehm. del. sem. hort. hamb. 1832. Benth.
bot. reg. 1622.) plant erect, branched, beset with glandular
down ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; upper ones ovate-lanceolate,
quite entire, or deeply 2-4-toothed at the apex ; calyx
semi-5-cleft, with broad-lanceolate, obtuse segments ; corolla
more than twice longer than the calyx ; cells of capsule
1 -seeded. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Conception and
Talcahuana. C. Cavanillesii, Hook, et Arn. p. 37. Phlox
linearis, Cav. icon. 6. p. 17. t. 527. Phlox biflora, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. C. lateritia, D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard.
t. 206. This species resembles C. linearis; but from which it
is distinguished by its deep red flowers, and by the leaves being
frequently divided at the apex into 2-3 sharp segments, of une-
qual size.
^'car^ei-flowered Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1832. PI. 1
to li foot.
3 C. linea'ris (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 126. Lindl. bot. reg.
1166.) plant erect, branched, clothed with glandular hairs;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, opaque, uniform, superior
ones downy beneath ; calyx cup-shaped, 5-parted ; corolla more
than twice longer than the calyx; cells of capsule 1 -seeded.
©. H. Native of North America, from Lake Winepeg to the
Western Ocean ; and at the sources of the Arkansas. Hook,
bot. mag. 2893. Heads of flowers involucrated like the rest.
Corolla with a rufous tube, and a rose-coloured limb. Segments
of calyx 3-veined.
Linear-leaved Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
4 C. grandiflo'ra (Dougl. in bot. reg. t. 1274. Hook. bot.
POLEMONIACEiE. X. Collomia. XI. Caldasia. XII. Lcesema.
247
mag. 2894.) plant erect, branched, rather downy at lop ; leaves
oblong-lancoolate, entire, shining, ciliated with glands ; calyx 5-
cleft, villous, glandular ; corolla veutricosc ; limb spreading ;
cells of capside 1-seoded. ©. H. Native of Nortli-wcst America,
in the country bordering on the river Columbia; and as far east-
ward as the Rocky mountains. Stem purple. Heads of
Howers hemispherical, pruinose, clammy. Corollas like those
of C. linearis, of a peculiar reddish yellow, or nankeen colour.
Great-JioKcrcd Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. \\
to 2 feet.
5 C. GiLioiDES (Benth. in hot. reg. under no. 1622.) leaves
pinnate ; leaflets linear, entire ; calyx deeply 5-cleft ; stamens
inclosed; cells of capsule 1-seeded. ©. H. Native of Cali-
fornia, Douglas. Corollas very like those of C. gracilis.
Gilia-likc Collomia. PI. 1 foot.
6 C. GLUTiNo'sA (Benth. 1. c.) procumbent; leaves deeply
pinnatifid, almost pinnate ; segments oblong-linear, entire, or a
little cut ; calyx nearly 5-parted ; stamens longer than the
corolla; cells of capsule 1-seeded. ©. H. Native of Cali-
fornia, Douglas. Corollas like those of C. gracilis.
Clammy Collomia. PI. procumbent.
7 C. Navarre'tia ; leaves pinnately multifid ; segments
linear-subulate ; flowers capitate, invohicrated by numerous
bracteas ; stem downy, simple, or a little branched. ©. H.
Native of Chili. Navarretia involucrata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per.
2. p. 8. Segments of calyx furnished with ii pungent teeth.
Stamens exserted. Stigma bifid. Capsule 3-celled, few-seeded,
ex Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. Corolla purple.
Navarretia Collomia. PL 5 to 1 foot.
8 C. gra'cilis (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, branched, clothed
with glandular down ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse ; calyx
5-parted ; calycine segments long, subulate ; stamens inclosed ;
cells of capsule 1-seeded. ©. H. Native of the north-west
coast of America, on the banks of the Spokan river ; and on
high ground, near Flat Head river, on light soils ; and Califor-
nia, Douglas ; Chili, Cuming ; &'c. Gilia gracilis, Doug, in
bot. mag, 2924. Lower leaves opposite. Flowers crowded at
the extremities of the branches, at length elongated into ra-
cemes. Calyx clothed with black glands. Corolla small, with
a yellow tube, rose-coloured limb, and oval segments.
Slender Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
9 C. Cavanillesia~na ; suflTruticose ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets
long, linear, entire ; peduncles axillary, solitary, usually 5-
flowered ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, which is 5-
cleft ; cells of capsule 1-seeded. Ij . G. Native of Monte
Video and Buenos Ayres. Phlox pinnata, Cav. icon. 6. p.
17. t. 528. f. 1. Poir. diet, suppl. 4. p. 397. Cantua glomeri-
flora, JuSs. ann. nius. 3. p. 119. Rccm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
368. Flowers disposed in heads, small, cream-coloured.
Cavanillcs's Collomia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. All the species are of the most easy culture, the seeds
only requiring to be sown in the open border in spring. Some
of the kinds are rather showy.
XI. CALDA^SIA (named after J. Caldas, a botanist of Santa
Fede Bogota.) Willd.hort.berol. I. p. 71. t. 71. enum. l.p.202.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. anier. 3. p. 166. D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. Bonplandia, Cav. icon. 6. p. 21. t. 532.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Mvnogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-
toothed, equal to the corolla in length. Corolla somewhat funnel-
shaped, unequal ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes cuneated, emarginate. Sta-
mens 5, equal, inserted in the middle of the tube, declinate, ex-
serted. Capsule oblong, trigonal ; valves membranous ; cells
1-seeded. Seeds oblong, somewhat trigonal, convex outside,
mucilaginous. Albumen sparing. Radicle hardly shorter than
the cotyledons. — A much branched, annual, erect herb, clothed
13
with glandular hairs. Leaves alternate, simple, elliptic-acumi-
nated, serrated. Flowers axillary, twin, pedicellate, bractless.
Corolla of a violet-blue colour, or purple.
1 C. heterophy'i.la (Willd. 1. c.) ©. S. Native of New
Spain, gathered by Humboldt and Bonpland, in the Botanic
Garden of Mexico. Bonplandia geminiflora, Cav. 1. c. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 187. Rccm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 370. Leaves
lanceolate. Corolla an inch long ; with linear segments, red
filaments, and yellow anthers.
Various-leaved CMaiia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1813. PI. 1^
foot.
Cult. This plant requires the treatment of other tender
annuals ; that is, the seeds should be sown on a hot-bed, in
spring, and the plants, when of sufficient size, should be planted
in separate pots, and placed in the greenhouse during summer.
XII. LQ^^SE'LIA (so named, by Linnaeus, after John Lcesel,
author of Flora Prussica, 1654, published at Gottsched, with
additions, in 1703.) Lin. gen. 767. Schreb. gen. no. 1029.
Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 295. t. 62. Juss. gen. p. 135. Lam. ill.
527. Royena, Houston, in phil. trans. — Cantua species, Willd.
Hoitzia, Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p. 152. Cav. icon. 4. p. 44. t.
366. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 162.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, dry, 5-
cleft (f. 29. a.), with pungent segments, furnished with 5 lanceo-
late, pungenfly mucronate bracteas outside (f. 29. /".). Co-
rolla funnel-shaped (f. 29. b.), 3 times longer than the calyx;
tube a little curved ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes broadly obovate, en-
tire. Stamens equal, exserted (f. 29. c). Capsule trigonal ; cells
few-seeded ; valves membvanously crustaceous. Seeds com-
pressed, nearly orbicular, girded by a very narrow membrane.
Albumen sparing. Radicle about equal in length to the cotyle-
dons.— Stiff', branched shrubs, natives of Mexico ; branches
terete, downy or villous. Leaves alternate, ovate or lanceo-
late, mucronate, hairy, sharply serrated, reticulately veined,
cuneated at the base, on very short petioles. Flowers solitary
or twin, axillary, pedicellate, large, showy, scarlet or violaceous.
1 L. cilia'ta (Lin. spec. 875.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acutely serrated ; corymbs many-flowered ; stamens, 4 of which
are exserted, and the fifth short, seated on the middle of
the segment ; bracteas roundish-ovate, cordate, ciliately toothed.
I7 . G. Native of Vera Cruz. Lam. ill. 527. Gaertn. fruct.
1. p. 295. t. 62. f. 3. Stem quadrangular, branched. Flowers
yellow. Bracteas imbricated. Cells of capsule 2-seeded.
C//(Vifef/-bractead Lceselia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 L. cocciNEA ; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate ; flowers axillary, FIG ''9
solitary, on short peduncles ;
bracteas lanceolate, subserrated,
veiny, hairy. V) . G. Native
of Mexico, plentiful near Gua-
naxuato, and elsewhere. ; it is
also cultivated in the gardens.
Hoitzia coccinea, Cav. icon. 4. p.
44. t. 365. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 162. Hoitzia
Mexicana, Lam. diet. 3. p. 134.
Cantua Hoitzia, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 878. Cantua coccinea, Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 80. Bracteas vil-
lous. Leaves acutely mucro-
nate, cuneated at the base, sca-
brous above, and hairy beneath ;
serratures mucronately awned.
Calycine segments lanceolate-subulate, 1 -nerved. Corollas
scarlet, glabrous; segments of the limb obovate, spreading,
1/
248
POLEMONIACE^E. XII. Leselia. XIII. Cantua.
Scarlet LoBselia. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 L. cceku'lea ; leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, sharply serrated ; flowers usually solitary, on the tops
of the branchlets ; bracteas obovate, mucronately serrated, dia-
phanous, white, veined with green, smoothish. h . G. Native
of Mexico, along "ith the preceding species. Hoitzia coeriilea,
Cav. icon. 4. p. 44. t. 366. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 163.
Cantua coerttlea, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 80. Stems dift'use. Branches
clothed with hair-like down. Leaves acutely niucronate, obtuse
at the base, scabrous above, and hairy on the veins beneath ;
serratures mucronately awned. Flowers usually solitary, but
sometimes twin or tern, ex Bonpl. Calycine scgiuents oblong,
raucronate, 3-nerved in the middle. Corolla blue, glabrous,
with obovate, spreading segments.
Z)'/«t>-flowered Lceselia. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 L. GLANDULOSA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate, spiny-
toothed ; those of the branches nearly linear ; flowers axillary,
solitary, pedunculate ; bracteas lanceolate, obsoletely denticu-
lated, h^ . G. Native of Mexico, between Actopan and Salva-
tierra, where it is called by the natives, Huitzitziltzin ; hence
the generic name. Hoitzia glandiilosa, Cav. icon. 4. p. 45. t. 367.
Cantua glandulosa, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 80. Stem beset with
glandular hairs. Calycine segments subulate. Bracteas beset
witli glandular pili on the back. Corolla red. Capsule ovate-
oblong.
G/a«rfu/ar Lceselia. FL? Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 feet.
5 L. arista'ta ; leaves petiolate, ovate, doubly serrated ;
flowers numerous, crowded at the tops of the branches ; brac-
teas ovate, dentately awned, diaphanous, reticulated with green
veins, glabrous, outer ones cordate, remote, and smaller. Ij . G.
Native of Mexico, between Lagura and Actopan, &c. Hoitzia
aristata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. araer. 3. p. 164. Branches
glabrous, but the branchlets are downy. Leaves acute, rounded
at the base, scabrous above, and paler and hairy on the nerves
and veins beneath ; teeth mucronately awned. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, subulate at the apex, 1 -nerved. Corolla vio-
laceous ; with spatulate, rounded, ciliated segments.
Awned Lceselia. Shrub.
6 L. Cervante'sii ; branches clothed with glandular hairs ;
leaves nearly sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sharply serru-
lated ; flowers twin, crowded at the tops of the branches ; brac-
teas linear, 1 -nerved, mucronate, acutely serrulated towards the
top, and beset with glandular villi. Ij . G. Native of Mexico,
with the preceding. Hoitzia Cervantesii, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 164. H. spicata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
165. Shrub much branched. Leaves scabrous on the nerves
and veins, on both surfaces ; teeth mucronate. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, acutely mucronate, serrulated at apex, marked
with 3 green nerves. Corolla violaceous ; with obovate seg-
ments.
Cervantes' Lceselia. Shrub.
7 L. coNGLOMERA^TA ; branches clothed with glandular villi ;
leaves on short petioles, ovate, sharply serrated ; flowers soli-
tary, crowded into heads at the tops of the branchlets ; bracteas
lanceolate, acutely serrulated, veiny, and clothed with glan-
dular hairs. y^.G. Native of Mexico. Hoitzia conglomerata,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 165. H. capitata, WiUd.
rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 370. Shrub canescent.
Leaves acuminated, narrowed at the base, hairy on both sur-
faces ; teeth mucronate. Calycine segments 5-toothed at top ;
teeth subulate. Corolla violaceous.
Con^/omern/e-flowered Lceselia. Shrub.
8 L. NEi'ETJEFonA (Schlccht. et Cham, in Linnsca, 6. p. 385,
under Hoitzia.) stems erect, terete, compressed at the nodi, and
are, as well as the bracteas, downy ; canline leaves cuneated,
entire, ovate, acute, serrated, tapering into the petioles ; serra-
12
tures acuminated, paler beneath, with that part of the stem
ciliated which runs from the middle of the nerves of the leaves ;
flowers nearly sessile, solitary, or loosely approximate, each in-
volucrated by 4-5 bracteas ; teeth of bracteas cuspidate ; sta-
mens equal in length to the corolla. ^; . G. Native of Mexico,
in meadows, about Misantla and Colipa. Habit of Labiatce.
Flowers small, purple, or bluish purple.
Nepele-leaved Lceselia. Shrub.
9 L. involucra'ta ; pl.int clothed with minute, glandular
pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, doubly toothed, and
fringed on the margins ; bracteas about as long as the flowers ;
flowers in fascicles. fj . G. Native of Mexico. Phlox
involucrata, Sesse et Moc. in herb. Lamb. Calyx with mem-
branous, acuminated segments. Stem nearly glabrous, slender.
Involucrated Lceselia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The species of Lceselia are extremely elegant shrubs,
particularly while in blossom. A mixture of loam, peat, and
sand, is the best soil for them ; and cuttings will strike root in
sand, under a hand-glass.
XIII. CA'NTUA (Cantu is the Peruvian name of one of the
species.) Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p. 152. ann. mus. 3. p.
117. Lam. ill. t. 106. f. 1. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 161. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. — Periphragmos, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17.
Lin. syst. Petitdndria, Monogi/nia. Calyx tubular, 5-
toothed, usually cleft to the middle on both sides. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 3 times longer than the calyx ; tube curved a
little; limb 5-lobed ; lobes obcordate, convolute in aestivation.
Stamens inserted in the tube near the base, exserted. Capsule
oblong, trigonal, with 3 deep furrows opposite the dissepiments ;
valves coriaceously crustaceous; cells many-seeded; seeds oval,
compressed, girded by an oblong, membranous wing. Albumen
sparing. Radicle shorter than the cotyledons. — Erect, branched
shrubs, natives of Peru, with the habit of Li'/cium. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, elliptic, acuminated, or cuneate-oblong, quite
entire, or serrated, or rarely pinnatifidly sinuated, downy on both
surfaces while young, but always on the under surface. Flowers
terminal, corymbose, rarely almost solitary, as in C. ovata, white
or purple ; in C. buxifblia, large and showy.
1 C. PYKiFoLiA (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 117. t. 7.) leaves
elliptic, acuminated, quite entire; corymbs dense-flowered ; pe-
duncles downy ; stamens twice as long as the corolla, which is
curved. Tj . G. Native of Peru, near Loxa, where it is called
Turn by the natives. Lam. ill. 1. t. 106. f. 1. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 161. Periphragmos flexuo^us, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. t. 131. Cantua flexuosa, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 187. Cantua Peruviana, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 347. Cantua Loxensis,
Willd. herb, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 369. Leaves fas-
cicled. Corolla white. Calyx 3-5-toothed, ex Ruiz, et Pav.
The saliva becomes yellow by chewing the leaves of this species.
Pear-leaved Cantua. Shrub 5 to C feet.
2 C. the;ef6lia (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, serrated ; corymbs few-
flowered ; peduncles glabrous ; stamens shorter than the co-
rolla, which is curved. I^ . G. Native of Peru. Periphragmos
species, nova Pavon mss. Habit of the preceding ; but differs in
characters indicated above, and in the larger flowers, in the
longer capsules, and much larger seeds.
Tea-leaved Cantua. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 C. QUERCiFOLiA (Juss. anu. mus. 3. p. 118.) leaves oblong,
sinuately pinnatifid, acuminated ; corymbs many-flowered ; pe-
duncles clothed with glandular hairs; stamens much exceeding
the corolla, which is salver-shaped. h . G. Native of Peru,
where it is called Pipiso by the natives ; and on the Andes, near
Nabon. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 161. Branches
POLEMONIACE^. XIII. Cantua. HYDROLEACE^. I. Hydrolea.
219
clothed with clammy, glandular hairs. Leaves truncate at the
base, hairy and clammy beneath. Calyx 5-cleft. Corollas
white.
Oak-leaved Cantua. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
4 C. BUXIFOLIA (Juss. aun. mus. 3. p. 118. t. 8.) tomentose;
leaves cuneate-oblong, mucronulate, quite entire ; corymbs few-
flowered ; peduncles tomentose; stamens longer tlian the co-
rolla, which is straight. Ij . S. Native of Peru, where it is
called Cocantu by the natives. Lam. diet. 1. p. COS. ill. 1. t.
lOG. f. 2. Cantua dependens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 187. Peri-
phr^gnios dependens, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 18. t. 133.
Cantua tomentosa, Cav. icon. 4 p. 43. t. 364. Tops of branches,
calyxes, and young leaves, downy. Corollas pale red. The
showy fl;)wers of this beautiful shrub are used in adorning tem-
ples. Leaves and wood of this, as well as of other species, wlien
bruised or chewed, affords an elegant yellow colour, and might
therefore be useful in dyeing cloth.
Box-leaved Cantua. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
5 C. ova'ta (Cav. icon. 4. p. 43. t. 363. Juss. ann. mus. 3.
p. 118.) glabrous; leaves obovate, mucronate, entire, rarely cut
or tootlied; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, glabrous; stafiiens
longer tlian the corolla, which is straight. Ij . S. Native of
Peru, where it is called Caiiluttica, i. e. Cantu Jlos, by the na-
tives. Corolla bluish red, or white.
Ovate-XeoyeA Cantua. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
G C. ? corda'ta (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 119.) branches oppo-
site, sarmentose, downy ; leaves nearly opposite, cordate, downy ;
flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate ; corolla tubular, much
exceeding the calyx, which is short, 5-cleft, and downy ; an-
thers exserted; fruit unknown. H . S. Native of Peru.
Co?-(/f//e-leaved Cantua. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
7 C. cuNEiFOLiA (Juss. 1. c.) this is a very doubtful species of
the genus. P; . S. Native of Peru.
Wedge-leaved Cantua. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
8 C. ? Megapota'mica (Spreng. syst. add. p. 64.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, quite glabrous, en-
tire, shilling above ; panicles axillary. T^ . S. Native of Brazil,
at Rio Grande, Sello.
Rio Grande Cantua. Shrub.
Cult. All the species are showy, and worth cultivating.
See Lceselia, p. 248, for culture and propagation.
Order CLXIII. HYDROLEA^CE^E (this order contains
plants agreeing in important characters with the genus Hydrolea.')
D. Don, in edinb. phil.journ. July 1833. Choisy. in mem. soc.
phys. gen. 6. p. 106. Hydrolese, R. Br. cong. p. 32. — Con-
volvulacese, part. Juss. gen.
Calyx 5-cleft ; segments equal, usually distinct even to the
base, frequently spatulately dilated at top, permanent. Co-
rolla monopetalous, usually campanulate, 5-lobed at top. Sta-
mens inserted in the corolla, alternating with its lobes, sometimes
inclosed, and sometimes exserted. Styles 2, exceeding the
stamens ; stigmas thick or capitate. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells
many-seeded. Capsule 2-celled, loculicidal-2-valved ; dissepi-
ment fixed to the middle of the valves ; placentas 2 in each
cell, fixed to the middle of the dissepiment, sometimes spongy
and combined, sometimes laminajform and separated. Seeds
very numerous, sessile on the placentas. Albumen fleshy.
Embryo straiglit. — Annual, herbaceous, or shrubby plants.
Stems straight or diffiise, glabrous or downy, also very hispid,
rarely exceeding 2 feet in height ; with alternate branchlets.
Leaves alternate, simple, entire, or usually toothed, more or less
VOL. IV.
crowded, usually petiolate. Flowers corymbose or spicate,
sometimes also disposed in the manner of Hcitotrdp'mm.
This order is often combined with Convolvulacece, but is more
closely allied to Scrophularinece and Soldnca; ; but it differs
from these orders, in tlie regular corolla, 5 stamens, and straight
embryo.
Si/noj>sis of the genera.
1 Hydrolea. Calyx 5-sepalled. Corolla rotately campanu-
late. Stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla. Stigmas
depressedly capitate. Capside 2-celled ; placentas spongy, terete.
2 Uydrolia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla rotate. Stamens in-
serted in the lobes of the corolla. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing
at top ; receptacles or placentas fleshy.
3 Na*ma. Calyx 5-sepalled. Corolla tubidarly funnel-
shaped. Stamens nearly inclosed. Stigmas bluntish. Capsule
2-celled ; placentas 4, lamingeform, at first joined by twos,
afterwards free.
4 Wiga'ndia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Corolla funnel-shaped.
Stamens exserted. Stigmas depressedly capitate. Capsule 2-
celled ; placentas like those of Nclma.
5 CoDON. Calyx 10-12-parted. Corolla tubular; limb 10-
12-cleft. Stamens 10-12. Stigmas simple. Capsule 2-celled,
dehiscing at top ; dissepiment double, with seminiferous edges.
I. HYDROXEA (from vcwp, hydor, water ; and tXuia, ela'ta,
an olive ; in reference to the habitats of the species, and their
oiliness.) Lin. gen. no. 318. Gajrtn. fruct. 1. p. 268. t. 55.
Juss. gen. 134. Steris, Lin. gen. edit. Reich. 342. Nama
species, Lin. Sagonea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 285. t. 111. Reiche-
lia, Schreb. gen. no. 512.
Lin. syst. Pentandria Digynia. Calyx permanent, of 5
sepals. Corolla rotately campanulate. Stamens inserted in the
tube of the corolla. Styles 2 ; stigmas depressedly capitate.
Capsule 2-celled ; dissepiment placentiferous in tlie middle ;
placentas terete, spongy. — Annual or perennial plants, either
unarmed or spiny. Flowers paniclcd or corymbose, axillary or
terminal.
§ 1 . Plants unarmed.
1 H. Zeyla'nica (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 46.) branched ; leaves
lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, glabrous ; panicles axillary,
branched, leafy ; sepals lanceolate-linear, clothed with viscid
down at the base. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Nama
Zeylanica, Lin. spec. p. 327. fl. zeyl. 117. 49. t. 2. Steris
Javana, Lin. mant. p. 54. syst. p. 264. Steris aquatica, Burm.
ind. p. 73. t. 39. f. 3. Attalerie, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 535. —
Plukn. aim. 22. t. 130. f. 2. — Anagallis Zeylanica, &c. Herm.
mus. zeyl. p. 36. Burm. zeyl. 19. Tsjeru-vallel, Rheed, mal.
10. p. 55. t. 28. Stein a little compressed, glabrous. Leaves
1-2 inches long. Peduncles usually opposite the leaves, downy,
viscid. Corollas blue, a little longer than the calyx.
Far. /3; leaves finely ciliated above. ©. S. Native of
Java, about Bamtavn. Hydrolea Javanica, Blum, bijdr. p. 725.
Far. y ; stem downy at top; flowers on short peduncles.
©. H. Native of Mexico. Steris villosa, Pav. rass. in herb.
Deless.
Var.o; plant quite glabrous; flowers on short peduncles;
peduncles in the forks ; sepals quite glabrous. ©. S. Native
about Rio Janiero. Evolvulus, no. 1365, Burchell, rass.
Ceylon Hydrolea. PI. 1 foot. ?
2 H. ine'rmis (Lour. coch. p. 172.) simple; leaves liiiear-
K K
250
HYDROLEACEiE. I. Hvdrolea. II. Hydrolia. III. Nama.
lanceolate, nearly sessile, glabrous ; peduncles l-3-flowered ;
sepals acute, quite glabrous. ©. G. Native of China, about
Canton, in humiil places. Flowers blue. Very nearly allied to
the preceding; but the leaves are longer and broader, and the
peduncles axillary, 1-3-flovvered, twin and tern, 1-flowered.
Capsule wrinkled, ovate.
Unarmed Hydrolea. PI. 1 foot.
3 H. coRYMBOSA (Ell. Carol. 1. p. 336.) branched; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, sessile, smoothish ; flowers terminal, corym-
bosely approximate ; sepals acute, lanceolate, hispid ; corolla 3
times higher than the calyx. %. F. Native of Carolina, in
sterile, stagnate places, at St. Stephens; and of Georgia, in like
situations. Branchlets hairy. Leaves rather downy on the
veins and edges, reflexed. Corolla azure blue, veined with
yellow, marked by 5 white spots at the base, much longer than
the calyx. Capsule globose, glabrous.
C'o;(/)»tee-flovvered Hydrolea. PI. 2 feet.
§ 2. Sj)iny shrubs.
4 H. quadriva'lvis (Walt. fl. carol. 1. p. 109 — 110.) leaves
lanceolate, very acute, attenuated at both ends ; flowers 1-5
together, axillary, almost sessile ; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; cap-
sule glabrous. %. F. Native of South Carolina, in stagnate
places. Hydrolea Caroliniana, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 177.
Stem somewhat compressed, hispid from long, rarely spreading,
white hairs. Leaves 1-3 inches long, quite glabrous, or hardly
hispid on the middle nerves. Spines straight, axillary, acutish.
Peduncles and sepals hispid. Corolla blue, a little longer than
the calyx.
Far. ji ; unarmed ; flowers commonly trigynous. If. . S.
Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivulets. Sagonea palustris,
Aubl. guian. l.p. 285. t. 111. Reichelia paliistris, Schreb. gen.
no. 512. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1502. Stem glabrous, or hardly
downy. Leaves 3-4 inclies long, glabrous, rough from dots.
Flowers axillary, 5-6 together.
Fow-vahed capsuled Hydrolea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 H. ova'ta (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p. 196. ex
Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 109. t. 1.) leaves ovate,
acute at bjth ends, petiolulatc ; flowers corymbose, somewhat
dichotomously disposed; sepals lanceolate; capsule downy. %.
F. Native of the Arkansas territory, on the edges of ponds.
The whole plant downy, branching only at the time of flower-
ing. Stem a little compressed, clothed with grey, velvety down.
Leaves deciduous, soft, downy on the nerves beneath, 1^ inch
long, those of the radical shoots almost linear. Spines long,
acute, terete, downy. Flowers bright blue, crowded towards
the summits of the fastigiate branches. Sepals hairy. Corolla
pelviform, campanulate, larger than those of//, spinbsa. Styles
2-3-filiform. Capsule 2-3-valved.
Ot'a<e-leaved Hydrolea. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
G H. spiNOSA (Lin. spec. p. 328. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 281. t.
110.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at both ends,
nearly sessile ; flowers terminal, sub-corymbose ; sepals linear-
lanceolate; capsule glabrous. T^ . S. Native of South Ame-
rica, by the sides of rivulets. Andr. bot. rep. 566. Hydrolea
trigyna, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 558. Cav. icon. 6. p. 10. t.
529. f. 1. Plant downy and clammy. Spines axillary, spread-
ing, villous. Peduncles 5-6-flowered, villous. Sepals joined at
the base, villous and ciliated. Corollas blue, exceeding the calyx.
Var. /3 ; styles 3 ; stamens, sepals, and lobes of corolla, 6 ;
cells of capsule 3.
Simiij Hydrolea. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1791. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
7 H. gla'bra (Herb. mus. brit. ex Miller. Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 110.) leaves lanceolate, acute, attenuated at
both ends, nearly sessile, quite glabrous ; flowers terminal, few ;
12
sepals linear-lanceolate; capsule glabrous. Tj . S. Native of
New Spain; and of Guinea, ex Schum. pi. gain. p. 161. Stems
terete, glabrous; branches ascending. Spines axillary, stiff, hori-
zontal, very acute, glabrous. Peduncles few, at the tops of the
branches, 1-flowered, villous. Sepals downy. Corolla blue, a
little longer than the calyx. Very nearly allied to H. spindsa.
Glabrous Hydrolea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. All the species of Hydrolea are rather handsome when
in blossom. The shrubby and perennial species grow well in a
mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings of them will root, if
planted in sand, with a hand-glass over them. The annual
kinds require the treatment of other tender annuals.
II. HYDRO'LIA (see last genus for derivation.) Pet. Th.
gen. mad. p. 9. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 111.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
rotate. Stamens inserted in the lobes of the corolla. Styles 2,
arched. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at top ; receptacle fleshy.
— A marsh herb. Segments of the calyx dilated at the base.
Corolla with a short, ventricose tube. Filaments short ; anthers
sagittate. Ovarium simple ; valves 2, bent in a little, conniving
with the recejitacle. Seeds minute, nestling; sulcate. Pet. Th. 1. c.
1 H. Madagascarie'nsis (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6.
p. 111.) stems simple, terete, naked at the base; flowers axillary,
pedunculate, twin or solitary. 1^. S. Native of Madagascar,
in marshes.
Madagascar Hydrolia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hydrolea.
III. NA*MA (from vafia, nama, a stream or spring of water;
habitat of plants.) Lin. gen. no. 317. Schreb. gen. no. 444.
Gsertn. fruct. t. 44. Juss. gen. p. 131. — N^ma and Hydrolea
species, Willd. and Ruiz et Pav.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx permanent, of 5
sepals. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped. Stamens sub-inclosed.
Styles 2 ; stigmas bluntish. Capsule 2-celled, loculicidal-2-
valved. Dissepiment placcntiferous in the middle ; placentas
4, laminiform, at first combined by pairs, afterwards free.
1 N. undula'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 130.
Choisy, in mem. acad. phys. 6. p. 112. t. 2. f. 1.) herbaceous;
leaves lanceolate-linear, sessile, with undulately curled edges ;
flowers terminal or axillary, 3-5 in a fascicle, on short pedicels ;
corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. %. S. Native among rub-
bish, near Mexico, Laredo, Matamoros, &c. Hydrolea congesta,
Willd. mss. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 192. Hydrolea
rupicola, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. Hyd. radians, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. ined. with a figure. Stem multifid at the base,
ascending, clothed with cinereous down. Leaves obtuse, some-
times obovate-lanceolate, downy. Sepals downy. Corolla vio-
laceous, glabrous inside, downy outside.
Far. ft, macrantha (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 1 12.)
leaves obovate-lanceolate, sessile, with sub-undulated edges ;
flowers axillary or terminal, 3-5 together, on long pedicels ; co-
rolla twice longer than the calyx.
Undulated-XeaxeA Nama. PI. 1 foot.
2 N. Jamaice'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 327.) herbaceous ; leaves
obovate-sub-spatulate, attenuated into the petioles at the base,
and a little decurrent ; flowers 1-3, axillary, on short pedicels ;
corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. ©. S. Native of Jamaica,
St. Domingo, and Mexico. Brown, jam. 185, t. 18. f. 2.
Hydrolea decurrens, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. Stem diffuse,
prostrate, hairy. Leaves hairy. Pedicels hispid. Sepals hairy.
Valves of capsule keeled.
Jamaica Nama. PI. prostrate.
3 N. DiciioTOMA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 22. t. 244. f. b.)
herbaceous ; leaves oblong-spatulate, tapering into the petioles ;
HYDROLEACE^. III. Nama. IV. Wigandia. V. Codon.
251
floriferous branches dichotomous ; flowers solitary, and nearly
sessile in tlie forks ; corolla shorter than the calyx. 0. S.
Native of Peru, near Huanaco ; and of Mexico. Nama tetrandra,
Pav. ross. Stems branched, reddish, clothed with clammy
down. Leaves downy and ciliated. Floriferous branches fas-
tigiate. Sepals linear-spatulate. Capsule ovate, villous.
I'ar.fi; leaves long-lanceolate ; flowers few. ©. H.
Dicholomous Nama. PI. 1 foot.
4 N. oRiGANiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
130. t. 218.) woody; leaves oblong-lanceolate, very obtuse,
tapering into short petioles ; flowers 2-4 together, terminal, or
in the axils of the superior leaves, pedunculate ; corolla a little
higher than the calyx. Ij . S. Native of St. Jago, in valleys.
Nama subincana, Wiild. niss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p.
ISy. Hydrolea tenella, Moc. etSesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. Root
thick, twisted. Stems tufted, clothed with greyish down, as well
as the leaves and pedicels. Sepals spatulate, downy. Corolla
white, downy outside.
Marjoram-leaved Nama. PI. \ foot.
5 N. RUpicoLA (Bonpl. herb, ex Choisy, in mem. phys. gen.
6. p. 114.) suffiuticose; leaves ovate, obtuse, petiolate ; flowers
few, terminal, pedicellate ; corolla exceeding the calyx. ^ . S.
Native along with the preceding. Stem slender, having the epi-
dermis separating at the base, clothed with grey down. Leaves
clothed with velvety down ; petioles villous. Flowers inter-
mixed with leaves. Pedicels villous. Sepals sub-spatulate,
downy. Capsule small, smoothish.
Rock Nama. Shrub.
6 N. LONGii'LORA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 114.)
sufTruticose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, clothed
with silky, hoary down beneath, on short petioles ; flowers dis-
posed in loose, few-flowered, leafy cymes ; corollas twice longer
than the calyx. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Nama sericea,
Bonpl. herb. Willd. mss. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 189.
Hydrolea violacea, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Stem
villous. Leaves ciliated, downy and blackish above ; petioles
villous. Peduncles villous. Sepals spatulate, clothed with silky
down. Corolla of a bluish violet colour. Stigmas acutish.
Long-Jtowcred Nama. Shrub dwarf,
N.B. — Nama evolvuloides, and N. convolvuloides, Willd. mss.
in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 189, is E volvulus ahinoides.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Hydrolea, p. 250.
IV. WIGA'NDIA (named by Kunth, in memory of John
Wigand, author of Verse Historise de succino Prussico, et de
herbis in Borussia nascentibus, Jen. 1590.) H, B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 126. Choisy, in mem. soc. gen. C. p.
115. — Hydr61ea species, Ruiz et Pav. Willd. and Lam.
Lin. syst. Penlundria, Digynia. Calyx permanent, of 5
sepals. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. Styles 2 ;
stigmas depressedly capitate. Capsule 2-celled, loculicidal-2-
valved ; dissepiment placentiferous in the middle ; placentas 4,
iaminiform, at first combined by twos, but at length free. —
Usually suffVuticose herbs, very hispid and unarmed. Leaves
alternate, entire. Spikes terminal, panicled, secund. Flowers
sessile, bractless, violaceous, white or yellow.
1 W. u'rens (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 21. t. 243.) plant
very hispid ; leaves ovate-cordate, doubly serrated, acutish,
pilose on both surfaces : spikes unilateral, scorpioid ; sepals
linear-lanceolate, very acute, clothed vi'ith hispid tomentuni on
both surfaces; capsule hispid or smoothish. i/.S. Native of
Peru, among broken rocks. Stem angular. Flowers dense,
disposed in S: rows. Corolla pale violet.
Stinging Wigandia. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 W. Ku'nthii (Choisy, in mem. phys. gen. 6. p. 116.) plant
very hispid ; leaves ovate-cordate, doubly crenated, pilose on
both surfaces obtuse ; panicles terminal, branched ; sepals
linear-lanceolate, acutish, clothed with hoary tomentum ; capsule
densely clothed with hoary hairs. If. A. Native of Mexico,
near Tasco. Wig. iirens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
127, but not of Ruiz et Pav. Hydrolea auriculata, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Hydrolea iirens, Willd. herb. no.
5459. Leaves clothed with rusty tomentum above, as well as
the petioles. Corolla pale violet, clothed with silky hairs out-
side.
Kunth's Wigandia. Shrub 6 feet.
3 W. Caracassa^na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
128.) plant hairy; leaves elliptic-cordate, doubly crenated:
teeth acutish, and are, as well as the tips of the leaves, clothed
with hairy tomentum on both surfaces ; spikes secund, revo-
lute at the apex ; sepals linear-lanceolate, clothed with hoary
tomentum ; capsule hardly clothed with hoary down. 1^ • S.
Native near Caraccas. Hydrolea mollis, Willd. rel. in Rccm. et
Scludtes, syst. 6. p. 190. Very nearly allied to the preceding.
Leaves longer and acuter, clothed with rusty tomentum above,
as well as the petioles. Corolla villous outside, violaceous.
Caraccas Wigandia. Shrub 12 feet.
4 W. cRisPA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 129.)
plant very hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, acutish, irregularly and
doubly serrated, pilose on both surfaces : teeth acute ; spikes
panicled, secund, revolute at top, very hispid ; sepals linear-
lanceolate, very hispid ; corolla showy. Pj . S. Native of
Quito, near Alausi; and on the banks of the river Pozuzo.
Hydrolea crispa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 22. t. 244. f. a.
Nicotiana urens, Pluin. amer. p. 204. t. 211, Wigandia pruri-
tiva, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 865. Leaves long and broad, hoary,
tomentose. Corolla large, yellow, ex Humb., campanulate,
hoary from down outside.
Curled-\ecived Wigandia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
5 W. macrofhy'lla (Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 382.) stinging;
stem branched ; spikes scorpioid, thin, bractless ; flowers ses-
sile, subalar, on short pedicels. P; . S. Native of Mexico.
Plant 6 feet high. Flowers blue.
Large-leaved Wigandia. Shrub 6 feet.
6 W. herba'cea (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 117.) plant
villous; leaves lanceolate, entire, acute at both ends, attenuated
into the short petioles ; flowers disposed in loose, corymbose pa-
nicles ; sepals linear-lanceolate. 11.2 S. Native of Monte-
Video. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Sepals acute. Capsule
glabrous. Hydrolea Megapotamica, Herb. Kunth, ex Otto.
Herbaceous Wigandia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
•j- A species hardly known.
7 W. scoRPioiDES (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 117.)
plant downy ; leaves ovate-cordate, toothed, acutish, clothed
with white tomentum beneath ; spikes loosely panicled, revolute ;
sepals acutish, downy. 1(.. G. Native of Mexico. Hydrolea
scorpioldes, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Leaves petiolate.
Panicles terminal. Flowers superior. Corolla violaceous, with
a short tube, and a spreading, 5-cleft limb.
Scorpion-like Wigandia. PI. ?
Cull. The species are all very pretty when in flower. A
mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is the best soil for them ; and
young cuttings will strike root readily in sand, under a hand-
glass, in a little bottom heat.
V. CO'DON (from Kuidm', kodon, a bell ; shape of corolla.)
Lin. gen. edit. Reich, no. 563. Schreb. gen. 715. Juss.
gen. 424. Ga^rtn. fruct. 2. p. 88. t. Q5. D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. July 1833.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 10-12-parted ;
segments subulate, erect ; alternate ones smaller. Corolla tubu-
lar, longer than the calyx, torulose at the base, and furnished
K k 2
HYDROLEACE^. V. Codon. CONVOLVULACEiE,
with as many ribs as there are lobes of the limb ; limb 10-12-
cleft : lobes oblong, obtuse, keeled, imbricate in sestivation ;
alternate ones smaller. Stamens 10-12, alternating with the
lobes of tlie corolla, rising from an equalnumber of compressedly
tetragonal arches, which are inserted in the bottom of the co-
rolla ; filaments subulate, glabrous. Anthers adnate by tlieir
middle, incumbent, 2-celled ; cells combined at the extremities ;
))ollen mealy. Style semi-bifid, pilose at the base ; stigmas
simple, obtuse. Capsule ovate-acuminated, 2-celled, 2-valved,
dehiscing at top. Dissepiment double, with revolute, seminife-
rous edges. Seeds numerous, angular, papillose ; testa simple,
cartilaginous. Albumen copious, horny. Embryo erect, slender,
a little arched, with very short cotyledons, and a long, filiform,
obtuse radical, looking to the hylum. This genus agrees with
Hijdroleacea;, although the stamens, and the divisions of the
calyx and corolla, are double in number, the symmetry of the
flower is preserved ; but this mere increase of parts is of little
importance, when the number of points of agreement are taken
into account. In Codon, and some of the Hydroledcece, parti-
cularly in IVigdndia, the leaves have lobed margins, and are
clothed with bristly points, which in the former genus are deve-
loped into prickles. The stamina and pistilla entirely agree in
both genera ; but the albumen is more copious, and the stigmata
less developed in Codon, whose affinities, however, to the
Hijdroleucece, may be considered as completely established.
1 C. Roye'ni (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 13. p. 292. Thunb. prod. p.
80. VVilld. spec. 2. p. 510. Andr. bot. rep. t. 325.) ©. F.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Codon aculecitum, Gajitn.
iVuct. 2. p. 88. An annual herb, furnished with copious white,
siraight, subulate prickles. Root fusiform ? Stem erect,
branched, terete, flexuous, robust. Leaves aternate, petiolate,
ovate-oblong, a little attenuated towards the apex, but obtuse,
thickish, fleshy, and ribbed beneath, with recurved, sub-repand
edges. Flowers large, solitary, pedunculate, extra-axillary,
somewhat racemose at the top of the stem, usually bracteate by
two narrower leaves at the base. Corolla white, variegated with
purple.
Roycn's Codon. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
Cull. This is a singular plant, the seeds of which should be
sown in a pot, in rich, light earth, and the pot placed in a frame ;
and when the plants are of sufficient size, (hey may be moved
into separate, small pots, and shifted into other larger ones by
degrees, as they grow. They may afterwards be placed among
other greenhouse plants.
Order CLXIV. CONVOLVULA^CEvE (this order contains
plants agreeing with the genus Convolvulus in important charac-
ters.) Juss. gen. p. 132. edit. Usteri. p. 148. R. Br. prod. p.
481. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 94. Choisy, in
mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 383.
Calyx of 5 sepals (except in Wihbnia, which is gamosepalous
and S-toothed ;) sepals permanent, equal or unequal, disposed in
one, two, or three series, often enlarged round the fruit. Corolla
raonopetalous, liypogynous, regular, tubular, campanulate or
funnel-shaped ; having the limb sometimes of 5 plaits, and
sometimes of 5 lobes, which are twisted in aestivation. Stamens
5, opposite the sepals, and therefore alternating with the lobes or
plaits of the corolla, inserted more or less towards the bottom of
the corolla ; filaments usually unequal, dilated at the base, some-
times villous, naked, or furnished with scales, usually inclosed,
rarely exserted ; anthers long, usually sagittate, and adnate at
the base, often twisted afterwards. Nectarium or liypogynous
disk annular, surrounding the ovarium in most of the species,
more or less showy. Ovarium usually simple, 2-4-celled, rarely
almost 1-celled, or altogether 1 -celled : sometimes the ovarium
is double or quadruple ; in each cell there is 1 or 2 erect ovula.
Style usually simple, entire, or more or less deeply cleft; rarely
two. Stigmas acute, flattened or globose ; in those with the
simple style, 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule or a dry berry, 1-4-
celled; cells 1-2-seeded. Capsule usually dehiscing valvately,
rarely transversely. Seeds usually rounded on one side, and
flattened on the other, inserted by the base, glabrous or villous ;
having the testa usually black and hard. Albumen mucilagi-
nous. Cotyledons foliaceous, corrugated, except in the genus
Maripa, in which they are thick and straight. Radicle incurved,
inferior. — Stems herbaceous, suftluticose, fruticose, also arbo-
reous ; sometimes erect, sometimes creeping, but for the most
part twining. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or lobed, sessile
or petiolate. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 or many-flowered.
Pedicels articulated to the peduncles, usually bibracteate ; brac-
teas more or less, approximating the flower, sometimes also in-
volving the flower. Roots simple or tuberous, edible or medi-
cinal. Juice milky, purgative, often filling the stem.
Nearly the whole of the Convolvidacece are twining plants,
with showy flowers, expanding under the influence of sunshine.
A few are shrubs, but the greater part are herbaceous, and very
many annual. All parts of the world produce them. Cu^cuta
is a singular parasite, wholly destitute of leaves. The root of
many is filled with a milky, acrid juice, which is very purgative.
Scammony, jalap, and some other drugs, are the produce of
ConvolvulacecE. The roots of Ipomcea Jlor'ida, scoparia, and
Qudmoclit, are stimulatory ; that of Ipomai'a Batatas, w hich is
tlie sweet potato of America and South Europe ; and that of
Ipomce'a ediilis, are wholesome articles of food.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe L
ARGYRE'iEa:. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpels combined into a
simple ovarium. Pericarp baccate, indehiscent.
1 Rive A. Ovarium 4-celled ; cells 1 -seeded.
2 Maripa. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Cotyledons
not plicate ? Stigma furrowed.
3 Argyre'ia. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Stigma
2-lobed ; lobes capitate. Corolla campanulate.
4 Blinkworthia. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Co-
rolla urceolate. Calyx calyculate.
5 Humbe'rtia. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Stigma
hollow-flattened. Stamens exserted.
6 MooRCROFTiA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. ? Fruit
2-seeded.
Tribe IL
Convolvu'le^e. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpella combined
into a simple ovarium. Pericarp capsular, dehiscent.
§ 1. Style simple, entire even to the stigma.
7 Qua'moclit. Ovarium 4-celled; cells 1-seeded. Corolla
tubular. Genitals exserted.
CONVOLVULACEiE. I. Rivea.
253
8 Leptoca'llis. Ovarium 4-cellecl ; cells 1-seeileil. Stigma
2-lobed, capitate. Corolla with a slender tube, and a spreading
limb.
9 Bata'tas. Ovarium 4-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Corolla
campanulate. Genitals inclosed.
10 Pharbitis. Ovarium 3-celled ; cells 3-seeded.
11 Calony'ction. Ovarium 2-celled, or somewhat 4-celled,
4-seeded. Corolla funnel-shaped. Genitals exserted.
12 ExoGONiuii. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Corolla
tubular. Genitals exserted.
13 Lepiste'mon. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Stamens
inclosed, with a scale at the base of each.
14 IpoMi;'A. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Stamens
inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes capitately globose.
15 Jacsuemontia. Ovarium 2-ceIled ; cells 2-seeded. Sta-
mens inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes complanately ovate.
16 Convolvulus. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Sta-
mens inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes teretely filiform.
17 Anise'ia. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Lobes of
stigma capitate. Sepals not verticillately inserted.
18 Polvme'ria. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; stigmas
4-6, teretely filiform.
ly Calyste'gia. Ovarium 1 -celled, as also somewhat 2-
celled, 4-ovulate. Lobes of stigma filiform. Bracteas 2, invo-
luerate.
20 Shutere'ia. Ovarium 1-celled, 4-ovulate. Stigma 2-
lobed ; lobes complanately ovate.
21 Skinne'ria. Ovarium 1-celled, 4-ovulate. Stigma 2-
lobed ; lobes capitately globose.
22 Pora'na. Ovarium 1-celled, 2- 1-ovulate. Sepals in-
creasing unequally after flowering. Stigmas globose.
23 Duperre'ya. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded- Stigma large,
thick. Calyx propped by 2 small bracteas.
§ 2. Style h'ljid, or styles two.
24 Neurope'ltis. Ovarium 1-celled. Styles 2; stigmas
fleshy. Capsule 1-seeded. Bracteas large, surrounding the
capsule.
25 Prevostea. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, bifid. Outer
sepals involving the flower.
26 Brewe^ria. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, bifid. Sepals
nearly equal. Genitals inclosed.
27 Bona\mia. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, bifid. Sepals
nearly equal. Genitals exserted.
28 Cre'ssa. Ovarium 2-celled. Styles 2 ; stigmas globose.
Stamens exserted.
29 Evolvulus. Ovarium 2-celled. Styles 2, bifid.
30 Cladostyles. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded. Styles 2, bifid.
31 WiLsoNiA. Ovarium small, 2-seeded. Style 1, bifid.
Calyx tubular.
Tribe III.
DicHONDRE.E. Embryo without cotyledons. Carpclla dis-
tinct.
32 DiciioNDRA. Ovaria two.
33 Fa'lkia. Ovaria 4.
Tribe IV.
Cuscu'te^. Embryo acotyledonous.
34 Cuscu'ta. Plants parasitical.
f A genus doubtful whether it belongs to the present order.
35 MouROUCOA. Calyx 5-parted : the 2 outer segments
covering the rest. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb large, spreading,
5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube, and
opposite the lobes. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule girded by the
calyx, 3-celled; cells 1-seeded.
Tribe L
ARGYRE'IE^iE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with the
genus Argyriia, in having a baccate pericarp.) Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. genev. 6. p. 407. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpels
combined into a single ovarium. Pericarp baccate, indehiscent.
I. RrVEA (this genus is dedicated by Choisy, to his friend
Auguste de la Rive, a physician of Geneva.) Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 407. — Convolvulus, Ipomse'a, and Lettsomia,
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogtjnia. Sepals 5. Corolla
tubular or funnel-shaped, showy, Style 1 ; stigma capitate or
lamelliform, 2-lobed. Ovarium 4-celled, 4-ovulate. Capsule
baccate. -Twining, suffruticose, very showy plants, the flowers
of which exceed in size all other convolvulaceous plants.
1 R. tili/efolia (Choisy, 1. c. p. 407.) leaves cordate-round-
ish ; peduncles usually 1 -flowered, rarely 2-4-flowered ; sepals
ovate-roundish, very blunt, equal ; corolla inflato-cylindrical.
Tj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Penang, Travancore,
Philippine Islands, banks of the Ganges, &c; also of the Isle of
France, Cape of Good Hope. The same plant is said also to be
found in America, as in St. Domingo, St. Vincent, and Peru.
Convolvulus tilia;f61ius, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 544. Ipomse'a
tilicefolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 229. Ipomte'a Gangetica,
Sweet, hort. brit. ed. 2d. p. 288. Ipomae'a Benghalensis ?,
Roth, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 229. Convolvulus Gan-
geticus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 46. Convolvulus spectabilis, Brit,
mus. Conv. grandifloriis, Brit. mus. Lettsomia microcalyx,
Wight. Convolvulus leucantha, and Ipomae'a salicifolia. Herb,
madr. Conv. marginatus, Hamilt. herb. Ipomae'a baccifera,
Russell, herb. Stem downy or smoothish. Young branches
villous. Leaves obtuse or acuminated, downy beneath, while
young rather tomentose. Corolla tubidav, 2-3 inches long,
white. Seeds silky on the angles. .Sepals reniform, eniargi-
nate, increasing in size with the fruit, and covering it at all times,
ex Roxb. Lobes of stigma round.
Tilia-leavcd nivea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw.
2 R. hypocrateriformis (Choisy, 1. c. p. 408.) leaves cordate-
roundish ; peduncles 1 -flowered, sometimes axillary and solitary,
sometimes disposed in a spicate manner at the tops of the
branches ; sepals ovate, obtuse, unequal ; limb of corolla salver-
shaped : tube very narrow. tj . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies, in forests, over the soutliern parts of the Carnatic and
Tanjore country, Trincomala, and Travancore. Convolvulus
hypocrateriformis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 561. Conv. can-
dicans, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 302. but not of Roth.
Lettsomia uniflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 85. Ipom»a candicans,
Roxb. herb. Argyreia uniflora, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Stem
downy or villous. Leaves obtuse, rarely white and villous be-
neath. Peduncles villous, furnished with 2 bracteas at or near
254
CONVOLVULACE/E. I. Rivea. II. Maripa III. Argyreia.
the top. Corolla pure white, 3-4 inches long; tube very long,
.md limb large. Lobes of stigma linear-oblong.
Salver-sIiaped-tiowereA Rivea. Fl. ? Clt. 1817. Shrub tw.
3 R. orna'ta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 409. t. 3.) leaves orbicularly
cordate, or reniform ; peduncles elongated, spicately panicled or
umbellate ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, bluntish ; corolla tubidar,
very narrow. f? • '^' S. Native of the East Indies, as of
Cawnpore, Nipaul, Coromandel, Mungger, &c. Convolvulus
candicans, Roth, nov. spec. p. 106. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 273, 790. Lettsomia ornata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 86. Argy-
reia ornata, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Conv. ornatus, Roxb.
mss. Wall. cat. no. 1369. Conv. tarita. Wall. cat. no. 2253.
Stem white ; branches silky. Leaves clothed with cinereous
tomentum beneath, large. Bracteas villous. Corolla 3 inches
long, purple. Berry cherry-shaped. Lobes of stigma linear-
oLilong. According to Roxb. 1. c, the flowers are large, and
pure wjiite.
Adorned Kivea. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub tw.
4 R. b6na-n6x (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves cordate-roundish, or
altogether roundish, sometimes villous beneath ; peduncles
shorter than the petioles, commonly 3-flowered; sepals ovate-
cordate, obtuse ; corolla very wide. ^ . ^. S. Native of
Bengal, in the forests of Midnapore. Lettsomia Bona-nox,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 84. Argyreia bona-nox, Sweet, hort. brit.
p. 289. Clove-scented creeper, Asiat. res. 4. p. 257. Young
branches hairy. Leaves acuminated or obtuse, sometimes emar-
ginate ; petioles villous. Peduncles 1-3-flowered. Corolla
white, fragrant; lobes of stigma capitate. Berry 1-celled, 1-4-
seeded. The flowers of this species are large, and pure white,
expanding at sun-set, and perfuming the air to a considerable
distance, with a fragrance resembling that of the finest cloves ;
in fact, it is the prince of convolvulaceous plants.
Good-night Rivea, or Midnapore Creeper. Fl. July, Oct.
Clt. 1799. Shrub tw.
5 R.? obte'cta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 410.) leaves lanceolate, acu-
minated, glabrous above, and silky beneath ; peduncles many-
flowered, longer than the petioles, but not so long as the leaves ;
sepals ovate-obtuse, tomentose outside ; corolla campanulate. Tj .
'^. S. Native of Tavoy and Amherst. Convolvulus obtectus,
Wall. cat. no. 1416. Branches strigosely tomentose, from ad-
pressed white hairs. Flowers umbellate. Corolla showy, silky
and hairy outside, 3 inches long. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.
Covered Rivea. Shrub tw.
Cult. The species of Rivea are strong, growing, extensive,
twining plants, bearing very large and very showy flowers.
They require a great deal of room to flower them. They may
be trained up the rafters, or upon trellis-work, in a stove. A
rich, light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, is the best for
them ; and cuttings strike root readily in sand or mould, under
a hand-glass, if placed in heat.
II. MARrPA (the Caribbean name of the tree.) Aubl. guian.
l.p. 230. t. 91. Lam. ill. t. 110. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys.
genev. 6. p. 411. — Ehretia species. Lam. and Poir.
Lin. syst. Pentandrict, Monogij'iiia. Sepals 5, coriaceous,
imbricate. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed at top. Stamens
5, equal in height to the tube of the corolla. Style 1 ; stigma
capitate, simple, furrowed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-ovulate.
Fruit baccate, coriaceously woody, 1-celled by abortion, and 1-
seeded. Albumen wanting. ? Cotyledons thick, ovate. ? —
Trees and shrubs, natives of Guiana. Branches scandent, ten-
drilled at top. Leaves alternate, smooth. Flowers white, dis-
posed in loose or thick panicles ; bracteas scale-formed at the
peduncles, which are villous.
1 M. sca'ndens (Aubl. 1. c.) scandent, cirrhiferous ; leaves
ovate, petiolate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles loose, brac-
teate ; calyx villous ; corolla spreading ; style elongated. Jj .
'^. S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of the river Sinemari.
Ehretia cirrhosa, Lam. diet. 1. p. 527. Ehretia scandens,
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 590. Segments of corolla short, ovate-
roundisli, obtuse, crenulated.
Climbing Maripa. Shrub tw.
2 M. ere'cta (Meyer, pim. ess, p. 115.) arboreous, erect;
leaves oblong, glabrous ; panicle strict ; limb of corolla erect,
exceeding the style. I7 . S. Native of Guiana, about the
river Essequibo.
Ereet Maripa. Tree.
3 M. viLLosA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 648.) stem suffruticose,
erect ; leaves sessile, roundish, acutish, villous, ciliated ; panicles
strict, bracteate. fj . S. Native of Brazil.
J'illous Maripa. Shrub erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rivea, above.
III. ARGYRE^IA (from apyvpuoQ, argyreios, silvery ; in
reference to the silvery undersides of the leaves.) Lour. coch.
p. 134. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 5. p. 411. — Lettsomia,
species, Roxb. and Wall. — Convolvulus and IponiEe'a, species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5. Corolla
campanulate. Style 1 ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2-
celled ; cells bi-ovulate. Capsule baccate. — Extensive, twining
shrubs, with a showy aspect, for the most part silvery, but
sometimes silky and tomentose.
Sect. I. Ptyxa'nthus (from tttuI, ptyoc, a plait ; and I
av^oQ, anilios, a flower ; in reference to the plicate corolla.) I
Corolla nearly entire, with 5 plaits at top. Stamens inclosed. '
1 A. specio'sa (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. 6. p. 411.) tomentose; leaves large, cordate, acute,
glabrous above, or rarely villous, thickly nerved beneath, and
clothed with silky, silvery down; peduncles about equal in length
to the petioles, umbellately capitate ; bracteas acute, unequal ;
sepals ovate, very blunt. ^T . '"'. S. Native of the East Indies,
in forests and hedges in Hindostan, Java, and the Isle of F"rance.
Convolvulus nervosus, Burm. ind. 48. t. 20. f. 1. Conv. spe-
ciosus, Lin. suppl. p. 137, exclusive of the country. Smith,
icon. ined. 17. Ipomge'a speciosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 183. Sims,
bot. mag, 2446. Lettsomia nervosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 78.
Samudra stogam, Rheed, mal. 11. p. 125. t. 61. Leaves 3-12
inches long, and 2-4 broad, dark green above. Corolla nearly 2
inches long, of a deep rose-colour, hairy in the plicae outside.
.S'/(on'2/ Argyreia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub tw.
2 A. bractea'ta (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 412.)
clothed with silky hairs ; leaves oblong-roundish, acute at
apex, glabrous above, and clothed with silky, rufescent
down beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles a little, cymose,
many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, compassing the cyme ; ,
sepals ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acutish. b . "^^ S. Native
of the East Indies. Convolvulus pomaceus? Roxb. ex Wall,
cat. no. 1419. Ipomaj" a bracteata, Heyne, herb. Leaves 2-3
inches long, and 1-2 broad, clothed with silky, rufescent down
beneath, with ciliated edges ; petioles, bracteas, and outside of
sepals, villous.
Bracteale-fiowered Argyreia. Shrub tw.
3 A. Leschenau'ltii (Choisy, mem. soc. phys. gen. C. p. 413 ) I
clothed with cinereous, silky down ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acutish, I
beset with strigose hairs above, and silky tomentum beneath ; '
peduncles shorter than the leaves, cymose, many-flowered ; brac-
teas ovate or linear, intermixed with the flowers ; sepals ovate,
bluntish, glabrous. 1? . ^. S. Native of Mysore, and the
Neelgherry mountains. Convolvulus Choisyanus, Wall. cat. no.
2259. 1. no. 2. Stem fistujar. Leaves nerved, 2-3 inches long.
CONVOLVULACE^. III. Argyreia.
255
and 1-2 broad. Petioles and peduncles clothed with hoary to-
mentuni. Corolla 18 lines long, hairy outside. Sepals rather
hairy outside, with scarious edges.
Lescheiiault's Argyreia. Shrub tvv.
4 A. poM.v CEA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 413.) clothed with cinereous
tonientum ; leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, clothed with cinereous,
velvety down on both surfaces, but especially beneath ; peduncles
exceeding the petioles a little, cymose, many-flowered ; bracteas
linear-lanceolate, adpressed to the flowers ; sepals ovate-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, rather villous. ^ . '^. S. Native of Mysore.
Lettsomia pomacca, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 83. IpomEe'a Zeylanica,
Gaertii. fruct. 2. p. 482. t. 178. f. 1. Convolvulus Rottleri.
Spreng. sysl. 4. p. 61. Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
SO. Ipom£e"a strigosa. Roth. Convolvulus capilatus, Vahl,
symb. 3. p. 28. ? Convolvulus Choisyanus, Wall. cat. Leaves
sometimes sub-emarginate at apex. Petioles and peduncles
villous. Bracteas sometimes cuiieated. Flowers large, rose-
coloured. Berry 4-seeded, size of a cherry, yellow. Peduncles
dichotomous, 3-7-flowered.
Apple-fruited Argyreia. Shrub tw.
5 A. Neelghe'rya (Choisy, 1. c. p. 414.) clothed with rufes-
cent hairs ; leaves cordate-orbicular, or oblong, acuminated, si-
nuated, beset with strigose hairs on both surfaces ; peduncles
exceeding the petioles, umbellately many-flowered ; bracteas
ovate or linear, intermixed with the flowers ; sepals ovate-
elliptic, obtuse, hairy outside. I^ . '"'. S. Native of Neelgherry
mountains. Stem fistular. Leaves 3-4 inches long, scabrous
and green above. Corolla 2-3 inches long, campanulately funnel-
shaped, rose-coloured. Very nearly allied to the preceding species.
Neelghery Argyreia. Shrub tw.
6 A. POPULIFOLIA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 414.) glabrous ; leaves cor-
dately-orbicular, short-acuminated ; peduncles usually exceed-
ing the leaves, dichotomously cymose ; flowers loose, intermixed
with linear-lanceolate bracteas; sepals small, ovate-roundish, very
obtuse, villous. Ij . '^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Gualpara
and Coloraba. Ipomae'a Kleiniana, Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
789. Ipomse'a bracteata, Willd. herb. Convolvulus Malabari-
cus, Hamilt. herb. madr. Wall. cat. no. 1414. Conv. fastigiatus,
Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 2258. Tops of branchlets rather vil-
lous. Leaves paler beneath. Petioles sometimes rather villous.
Peduncles a foot long. Corolla tubularly campanulate, hairy
outside ; tube coarctate at the base.
Poplar-leaved Argyreia. Shrub tw.
7 A. sple'ndens (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, 1. c. p.
415.) leaves ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, entire, or pandu-
rately sinuated, sometimes somewhat 3-lobed, smooth above,
but clothed with silvery, silky down beneath ; peduncles ex-
ceeding the petioles, corymboseiy many-flowered ; bracteas
none ; sepals ovate, obtuse, clothed with hoary tomentum.
tj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Lettsomia splen-
dens, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 75. Convolvulus splendens, Horn,
hort. hafn. suppl. p. 123. Ipomse^a splendens, Sims, bot. mag.
t. 2628. Conv. splendidus, Hamilt. herb. Stem clothed with
hoary villi. Leaves acuminated, 6 inches long ; petioles hoary.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, \\ inch long, rather villous
outside, pale red. Berry scarlet, size of a large pea.
Splendid Arayie\a. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw.
8 A. fu'lgens (Choisy, 1. c. p. 415.) tomentose ; leaves Ian-
ceolate, long-acinninated, glabrous antl dark green above, but
clothed with silvery tomentum beneath ; peduncles not exceed-
ing the petioles, brachiately and loosely many-flowered ; bracteas
almost wanting ; sepals ovate, very obtuse, equal, villous. ^ .
'"'. S. Native of the East Indies, at Quilon. Convolvulus
fulgens. Wall. cat. no. 1394. Conv. argenteus, Heyne, herb.
Leaves nerved beneath, 3-4 inches long, 9-15-lines broad. Pe-
dicels villous. Corolla tubular, H inch long, glabrous.
Fulgent Argyreia. Shrub twining.
9 A. pa'llida (Choisy, 1. c. p. 416.) smoothish ; leaves ovate-
oblong, acute and niucronate at the apex, glabrous above, clothed
with cinereous down beneath ; peduncles very short, shorter
than the petioles, 3-4-flowered ; sepals ovate-orbicular, very
blunt, villous. Tj ■ ^- S. Native of the East Indies, between
Yandaboo and Paghumew, on the road to Petiwell Wells. Con-
volvulus pallidus. Wall. cat. no. 1418. Branches clothed with
cinereous, white wool at top. Corolla tubular, glabrous, hardly
5-8 lines long. Ftuit black, acute, 2-celled.
Pale Argyreia. Shrub tw.
10 A. cuNEATA (Ker. bot. reg. 661.) smoothish ; leaves obo-
vate-cuneated, emarginate, glabrous above, but beset with short,
crowded hairs beneath, hardly petiolate ; peduncles shorter than
the leaves, 3-6-flowered ; bracteas linear, very acute ; sepals
ovate, obtuse, equal, villous. 't • "^^ S. Native of the East
Indies. Convolvulus cuneiformis, Buch. draw. mys. pi. Ipo-
mee'a atrosanguinea, Sims, bot. mag. 2170. Lettsomia cuneata,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 81. Conv. cuneatus, and Conv. cymosus.
Herb. madr. Stem clothed with powdery down at top. Petioles
villous. Peduncles and pedicels downy. Corolla large, of a beau-
tiful deep bright purple colour. Berry smooth, yellowish outside.
C«H6Y/<t-leaved Argyreia. Fl.July, Aug. Clt.1822. Shrubtw.
11 A. ELLiPTicA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. p. 417.)
smoothish or downy ; leaves ovate or obovate-elliptic, usually
villous ; peduncles sometimes exceeding the leaves ; flowers in
loose, corymbose panicles ; bracteas small, linear, caducous ;
sepals equal, very blunt. Ij . '^. S. Native of the East Indies,
as of Mysore, Ceylon, Taong Dong, and Lower Nipaul. Con-
volvulus ellipticus, Spreng, syst. 1. p. 613. Ipomae'a elliptica.
Roth. nov. spec. 113. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 248.
Convolv. laurifolius, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 50. and 573. Ipomse'a
laurifolia. Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. Convolv. peduncularis.
Wall. cat. no. 1417. Branches and peduncles downy or villous.
Bracteas and calyx villous. Corolla tubularly campanulate, an
inch long, of a rose-colour. Berry round, 4-seeded.
EUiptic-\eaved Argyreia. Shrub twining.
12 A. arge'ntea (Choisy, 1. c. p. 418.) stem downy; leaves
roundish-cordate, short-acuminated, glabrous above, rarely beset
with short hairs, and clothed with silvery, silky down beneath ;
peduncles stiff, about equal in length to the petioles ; flowers
loosely umbellate ; bracteas lanceolate or linear, intermixed with
the flowers ; sepals lanceolate : exterior ones larger, with revo-
lute margins, villous outside. I; . ^. S. Native of Silhet, and
Cliittagong ; and in woods about Calcutta. Lettsomia argentea,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 79. Convolv. argenteus. Herb. madr. Leaves
3-4 inches long, and the same broad. Bracteas silky. Flowers
many, large, of a beautiful rich pink colour, glabrous, except the
outside of the plicae, which is villous. Berry 4-seeded.
Silvery Argyreia. Shrub tw.
13 A. venu'sta (Choisy, I.e. p. 41 9.) altogether like the preced-
ing, except the leaves, which are not silky beneath, but clothed
with wool-like down. Pj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies, as
of Goalpara, Rangoon, Pegu, Ava, Prome, Segaen. Convolv.
Malabaricus, Wall. cat. no. 1414. Lettsomia argentea, Roxb.,
from Rangoon. Berry glabrous, black in the dried state, 4-
seeded. Sepals stiff", glabrous, and bluntish.
Beautiful Argyreia. Shrub tw.
14 A. Roxbu'rghii (Choisy, 1. c. p. 419.) very nearly allied
to the two preceding species ; but the leaves are clothed with
cinereous villi on both surfaces, but particularly beneath. f; .
^. S. Native of the East Indies, in woods and hedges. Ipo-
meea multiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. S9. Ipomte'a Burmdnni >
Keen. mss. ex Wall. Ipomsea Roxlnirghii, Sweet, hort. brit.
p. 239. Ipoma;\a amoc^ia, Blum, bijdr. 718. Convolvulus
Roxburghii, Wall. cat. no. 1415. Stems clothed with cmereous
256
CONVOLVULACE^. III. Argyreia.
villi. Bracteas and sepals villous outside. Corolla 2 inches
long, rose-coloured ; inside of the tube a bright red.
Roxburgh's Argyreia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw.
15 A. Malab.Vrica (Choisy, 1. c. p. 420.) stem downy ;
leaves roundish-cordate, acute, glabrous, or furnished with a few
scattered hairs on both surfaces; peduncles about equal to, or
exceeding the leaves, many-flowered at the apex ; sepals lanceo-
late, acute, exterior ones larger, and clothed with hoary villi,
with revolute edges. T? . '^. S. Native of Coromandel, Malabar,
Mysore, Cochinchina, Java. Convolvulus Malabaricus, Lin.
spec. 221. Willd. spec. 1. p. 857. Ipomaj'a Malabarica, Room,
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 235. Kattu-Kalengu, Rheed. nial. 11.
p. 105. t. 51. Petioles villous. Leaves paler beneath, 3-4
inches long, and the same in breadth. Peduncles trifid, villous.
Flowers rather small ; the bottom of the bell deep purple ;
throat pink, with the edges paler, almost white, and slightly 10-
lobed. Dcsrousseaux and Blum, say, that the peduncles are
1-3-flouered ; the floivers cream-coloured, with a purple bottom.
A/ato6fl)- Argyreia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw.
16 A. a'mpla (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves ovate-roundish, somewhat
cordate at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, clothed with
woolly tomentum on both surfaces while young, but when old
nearlv glabrous; pedunclesvery short, umbellately many-flowered;
bracteas linear-lanceolate, villous ; sepals equal, linear-lanceo-
late, hairy outside. ^2 ■ '~^- ^- Native of Nipaul. Convolvulus
amplus. Wall. cat. no. 1420. Stem fistular, villously toiuentose
while young. Leaves C inches long, and about the same in
breadth. Umbels 4-6-flovvered. Corolla 2j inches long, showy,
glabrous.
LargcAeaved Argyreia. Shrub twining.
17 A. Wallichii (Choisy, 1. c. 421.) leaves ovate or lanceo-
late, hardly cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, gla-
brous and wrinkled above, nerved and clothed v\ ith white tomen-
tum beneath ; peduncles almost wanting, many-flowered ; brac-
teas permanent, linear-lanceolate, rather villous ; sepals linear-
lanceolate : exterior ones the longest. Tj . *"". S. Native of the
Burmau Empire, on mount Taong Dong. Convolvulus erythro-
carpus, Wall. cat. no. 1413. Petioles villous, 4-6 inches long.
Leaves length of petioles. Flowers 3-4 in a fascicle, nearly ses-
sile. Berry red.
WaUich's Argyreia. Shrub twining.
18 A.? LANCEOLA^TA (Choisy, 1. c.) clotlied with cinereous,
silky down ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous above, and
blackish, clothed with silky, silvery down beneath ; flowers soli-
tary, nearly sessile; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, clothed with
silky hairs outside, h . ^. S. Native of Martaban and Tavoy,
in tlie East Indies. Convolvulus argyrophy'llus. Wall. cat. no.
1395. Leaves 2i inches long, and 3-5 lines broad. Corolla
tubularly campanulate, an inch long, purple, hairy outside.
/,f(iiccofa(e-leaved Argyreia. Shrub twining.
19 A. ? MOLLIS (Choisy, 1. c.) stem glabrous, or hardly downy ;
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, hairy above, and blackish, but clothed
with silvery-silky down beneath ; peduncles equal in lenn-th to
the petioles, many-flowered ; flowers umbellate ; bracteas invo-
lucrating the flowers, ovate-obtuse ; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse,
hairy outside. Tj. '^. S. Native of the Prince of Wales Island.
Convolvulus mollis, Burm. ind. 44. t. 17. Convolv. sericeus,
Lin. mant. p. 43. Convolv. gracilis, Sal. prod. 124.? Ipomse'a
sericea, Blum, bijdr. p. 720. Lettsomia hispida. Hook. mss.
Leaves 2-3 inches long. Peduncles hoary, 3-6-flowered. Co-
rolla 2 inches long, purple, beset with long white hairs outside.
Berry red. Convolvulus Kaliun, and C, Kleiniana, Herb mus.
par. is probably referrible to this species.
Soft Argyreia. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub tw.
20 A. NiTiDA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 422.) clothed with silvery-silky
villi ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, silky on both surfaces, blackish
above, and silvery beneath ; peduncles very short, 2-3-flovvered,
but usually 1 -flowered; bracteas small, linear-lanceolate; sepals
acute, outer ones the longest. Tj . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies and Philippine Islands. Convolvulus nitidus, Desr. in
Lam. diet. 3. p. 544. Leaves 3 inches long, and 2 broad,
sometimes furnished with fascicles of smaller ones in the axils of
the older ones. Petioles 1-2 inches long. Corolla inflated,
tubular, 2 inches long, coarctate at the base, clothed with silky
hairs outside ; limb spreading a little.
Shining Argyreia. Shrub twining.
21 A. GuiciiENOTii (Choisy,!. c. p. 423.) clothed with silvery
down ; leaves ovate-cordate, quite glabrous above, clothed with
adpressed down beneath ; peduncles shorter than the leaves,
commonly 3-flowered; sepals clothed with silky-silvery down:
outer ones ovate-orbicular : inner ones smaller, ovate-oblong.
Tj . '^. S. Native of the islands of Timor and Java. IpomEe'a
piilchra, Blum, bijdr. p. 716. Leaves acute, cordate at the
base, 3-5 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Corolla tubularly funnel-
shaped, fine red, silky outside ; limb obtuse, 5-lobed.
Guichenot's Argyreia. Shrub twining.
22 A. capita'ta (Choisy, 1. c.) clothed with strigose hairs ;
leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, hairy on both surfaces ; hairs
glandular at the base ; peduncles exceeding the petioles ;
flowers capitate ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, involucrate, hairy,
as well as the sepals, which are linear-lanceolate. Tj . '^. S.
Native of Silhet, Goalpara, Tavoy, Madras, &-c. Convolvulus
capitiformis, Poir. ency. suppl. 3. p. 469. Convolv. capitatus,
Vahl, symb. 3. p. 28. Ipomse'a capitata, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 238. Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 80.
Ipomae'a trichotoma, Blum, bijdr. p. 717. Convolvulus strigo-
sus, Roxb. herb. Leaves 2-5 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Co-
rolla 1-2 inches long, rose-coloured or purple, hairy outside.
Berry red, 4 -seeded, round.
Jar. ft, conjtrla (Choisy, 1. c. p. 424.) peduncles very short,
crowded on the tops of the branches, forming long, hairy spikes;
bracteas and sepals smaller than in the species. Ij . '^. S. Na-
tive of the Burman empire, on mount Taong Dong. Convolvu-
lus hirsutissimus. Wall. cat. no. 1400.
Ccqntate Argyreia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw.
23 A. barbigera (Choisy, 1. c. p. 424.) clothed with ad-
pressed hairs; leaves cordate, acuminated ; clothed with strigose
hairs on both surfaces, but particularly beneath : j)eduncles ex-
ceeding the petioles, stiff", many-flowered ; flowers capitate ;
bracteas ovate, very blunt, surrounding the pedicels and flowers;
sepals like the bracteas, but more strigose. T; . '^. S. Native
of the Burman empire, at Prome. Convolvulus barbiger. Wall,
cat. no. 1404. Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb. hort. beng., but
hardly of fl. ind. Hairs on the petioles and peduncles spread-
ing. Corolla purple, hairy outside. Leaves 2-3 inches long,
and 1-2 broad.
Beard-hearing Argyreia. Shrub twining.
Sect. II. Schizan'thus (from <7X'^"' schizo, to cut ;
and at Bos, anthos, a flower; the corolla is 5-cleft.) Corolla 5-
cleft, or 5-parted at the apex. Stamens exserted.
24 A. SETOSA (Choisy, 1. c. p 425.) clothed with adpressed
hairs ; leaves cordate -ovate, or cordate-roundish, acuminated,
quite glabrous above, and beset with adpressed strigae beneath ;
peduncles exceeding the petioles, stiff", corymbosely many-
flowered ; bracteas compassing the flowers and pedicels, reni-
formly orbicular, very obtuse ; sepals very strigose outside ;
ovate, orbicular, obtuse. Ij . '^. S. Native of Sukanagur and
Lower Nipaul, as well as of the island of Timor. Ipomae'a
strigosa. Roth, nov. spec. p. 113. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
242. Lettsomia setosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. SO. Convolvulus
strigosus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. Convolvidus setosus, Roxb.
CONVOLVULACEjE. III. Argvueia. IV. Blinkworthia. V. Humbertia.
257
mss. Convolv. multiflorus, Heyne, herb. Conv. confertiis,
Ham. herb. Leaves 2-3 inclies long, and 1 to 2 J broad; the
older leaves sometimes 6 inches long, and as much broad. Co-
rolla 6-9 lines long, pink-coloured, clothed with strigose hairs
outside ; lobes acute. Berry pea-formed, red. Flowers sessile
on the branches of the peduncle.
Bristly Argyreh. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub tw.
25 A. rubicu'nda (Choisy, 1. c. p. 426.) downy ; leaves
roundish, hardly-cordate, obtuse, furnished with a few hairs
above, tomentose beneath ; peduncles stiff, exceeding the petioles,
brachiately corymbose ; bracteas ovate or ovate-roundish; sepals
unequal : outer ones the largest, ovate-roundish, very blunt : inner
ones shorter and narrower ; corolla small. I; . '^. S. Native of
the Burman Empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Convolvulus rubi-
cundus. Wall. cat. no. 1409. Leaves rather silvery beneath, an
inch long, and as much broad. Peduncles tomentose. Corolla
4-5 lines long, glabrous, silky outside ; lobes acute. Flowers
disposed loosely.
Reddish-Howured Argyreia. Shrub twining.
26 A. TOMENTOSA (Clioisy, 1. c.) clothed with down; leaves
ovate, obtuse at the base, bluntish at tiie apex, and mucro-
nulate, smoothish above, but clothed with cinereous tomentum
beneath ; peduncles very short, capitately many-flowered ; brac-
teas ovate or ovate-orbicular, or ovate-lanceolate, repand ; sepals
linear-lanceolate : outer ones the largest. H . '^. S. Native of
the Burman empire, on the banks of the Irawaddi. Convolvulus
multibracte^tus, Wall. cat. no. 1408. 1. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, and 1 to 1| broad. Corolla tubidarly salver-shaped ; tube
glabrous ; limb acute, silky outside.
I'ar. fi, corddta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 427.) leaves dilated at the
base, and cordate, witii a rather deep, very blunt recess. T? .
S. Native on the banks of the Irawaddi, and Lower Nipaul.
Convolvulus (i cordatus, Wall. mss. Conv. vestitus, Wall. cat.
no. 1411. Berry pea-shaped.
Tomentose Argyreia. Shrub twining.
27 A. aggrega'ta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 427.) clothed with hoary
tomentum; leaves ovate-cordate, glabrous above, but clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles
a little; many-flowered; flowers capitate; bracteas involiicrating,
ovate-orbicular, hoary ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; corolla small. H .
S. Native of Coromandel, Orissa, Ceylon, Mysore, Taong
Dong, Ava, &c. Lettsomia aggregata, Koxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 76.
Convolvulus Orixensis, Rottler, and Klein, mss. Conv. canes-
cens?. Roth, nov. spec. p. 107. Roeni. et Schidtes, syst. 4. p.
274. ? Conv. H^ynii?, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 699. Ipomas'a im-
bricata. Roth, nov. spec. p. 112. Roem et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
249. Conv. imbricatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 613. Conv. aggre-
gatus, Bot. gard. Conv. canescens, Spreng. Leaves obtuse at
top, sometimes sub-emarginate, 2-3 inches long, and about the
same in breadth. Corolla campanulate, hardly longer than the
calyx, red ; lobes acute, villous outside, emarginate, ex Wall.
Aggregate-^owereA Argyreia. Shrub not tw.
28 A. CYMosA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, 1. c. p. 428.)
clothed with pruinose down ; leaves roundish-cordate, or reni-
formly-cordate, obtuse, terminated by a very short mucrone,
glabrous on both surfaces, or clothed with pruinose down ; pe-
duncles equal in length to the leaves, as also exceeding them,
leafy at top, and cymosely many-flowered ; bracteas ovate-
roundish, obtuse, plicately recurved ; outer sepals like the brac-
teas ; inner sepals ovate-linear ; corolla showy. H . '^. S. Na-
tive of Malabar, on the mountains. Lettsomia cymosa, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 82. .Stems compressed. Leaves green, 1-2 inches
long, and about the same in breadth. Corolla tubularly funnel-
shaped, villous outside, pale pink. Berry yellow, 1-4-seeded.
Cymoie-flowered Argyreia. Clt. 1823. Shrub twining.
29 A. acii'ta (Lour. coch. p. 135.) frutescent; leaves ovate,
VOL. IV.
subcordate, mucronate, clothed with silvery-silky down beneath,
glabrous above ; flowers numerous, disposed in loose, terminal
panicles ; bracteas oblong, obtuse, clothed with hoary, silky
down outside; outer sepals largest, ovate, bluntish : all clothed
with hoary tomentum outside ; corolla white, showy. ij . '^. S.
Native of China. Argyreia festiva. Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 68.
t. 76. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 3 to 3^ broad. Panicle
corymbose. Corolla an inch long, campanulate, much higher
than the calyx ; lobes lanceolate, obtuse, hairy, outside. Berry
red.
Acute Argyreia. Shrub tw.
30 A. obtusifo'lia (Lour. coch. p. 134. Choisy, 1. c. p.
429.) frutescent ; leaves ovate, obtuse, glabrous above, but clothed
with silky down beneath ; flowers disposed in loose, panicled
corymbs ; bracteas linear-lanceolate ; flowers adpressed ; sepals
oblong-linear, outer ones the largest. ^2 . '^. S. Native of
Cochinchina, in hedges. Stem clothed with velvety down.
Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad, sometimes mucronulate.
Corolla white. Berry red.
Blunt-leaved Argyreia. Shrub twining.
■j" A sjiecies hardly known.
31 A. ARBOREA (Lour. coch. p. 135. Choisy, 1. c. p. 430.)
arboreous ; leaves ovate, acute, wrinkled, entire, glabrous, re-
flexed ; racemes terminal ; sepals inflated, red ; corolla with a
longish, filiform tube, and roundish segments. Ij . G. Native
of Cochinchina, in woods. Stem 8 feet high, with spreading
branches. Corolla white or yellow. Berry 4-celled, 1 -seeded.
Arboreous Argyreia. Shrub 8 feet.
Cult. Argyreia is a most splendid genus of plants, well worth
the cultivator's care. The greater number of the species are
robust, extensive twiners or climbers, usually requiring more
space to rini than can well be spared for that purpose in any
stove or hothouse, before they will flower ; some of them, how-
ever, as A. cuneifoUa, being dwarfer plants, produce their
elegant blossoms in abundance. All the species grow well in
rich light soil, or a mixture of peat, loam, and sand; and cuttings
root readily if planted in sand or mould, with a hand-glass placed
over them, in a little bottom heat.
IV. BLINKWORTHIA (named by Choisy, after Mr. Blink-
worth, who collected numerous specimens oi plants, around
Rangoon, and transmitted them to Dr. Wallich.) Choisy, in
mem. .soc. phys. genev. 6. p. 430. t. 4.
Lin. syst. Pevtundria, Monogijnia. Bracteas 3, forming
an involucrum, and as if it were another calyx. Sepals 5. Co-
rolla short, cylindrically urceolate. Style 1 ; stigma capitately
2-lobed. Berry 1 -seeded.- — A shrub, allied to Argyreia ; but is
distinguished from it, in the involucrum, corolla, and habit.
I B. LYCioiDES (Choisy, 1. c.) stem terete, villous ; leaves
linear, obtuse, mucronulate, on very short petioles, glabrous
above, and rather silky beneath ; peduncles short, 1-flowered ;
sepals ovate-orbicular. Jj . '^. ? S. Native on the banks of
the Irawaddy, &c. Convolvulus lycioules. Wall, cat. no. 1390.
Leaves 6-9 lines long, and 1-3 broad. Corolla a little longer
than the calyx, 5-toothed at apex, blackish in the dried state,
and glabrous. Berry girded by the calyx.
Lycium-like Blinkworthia. Shrub tw. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Argyreia, above.
V. HUMBE'RTIA (probably named after some individual
of the name of Humbert.) Lam. diet. 2. p. 35G. ill. t. 103.
Choisy, conv. in. mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 431. — Endiachium,
Gmel. syst. veg. 1. p S3Q. Juss.gen. p. 133. — Thouinia, Smith,
L L
258
CONVOLVULACE^. V. Humbertia. VI. Moorcroftia. VII. Quamoclit.
icon. ined. 1. p. 7. t. 7. Smithia, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 308. — En-
dracli, Flacourt, hist. mad. p. 137. t. 100.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monooynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens exserted, deflexed. Ovarium one ;
stigma hollow, complanate. Capsule baccate, woody, 2-celied ;
cells 2-seeded. — ^A tall tree, native of Madagascar. Branches
terete. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, quite entire, emarginate.
Peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, on the tops of the branches,
shorter than the leaves, furnished with 2 little teeth in the middle
of each. Flowers large, similar to those of other Convolvula-
ceous plants.
1 H. Madagascauie'nsis (Lam. diet. 2. p. 357.) 1; . S. Na-
tive of Madagascar. Endrachium Madagascariense, Juss. et
Gmel. syst. 1. p. 339, exclusive of the syn. of Bruce. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 176. Thouinia spectabilis, Smith, icon. ined. 1. p.
7. t. 7. Smithia Thouinia, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 389. Humbertia
aeviternia, Commers.
Madagascar Humbertia. Tree tall.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Argyrela, p. 257.
VI. MOORCRO'FTIA (named after William Moorcroft, a
gentleman in the service of the East India Company, who tra-
velled in Nipaul, and in the neighbouring countries to the north.)
Choisy, conv. in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 431. — Convolvulus
species, Wall. Perhaps this genus is not distinct from Erysihe.
Lin. SYST. Pentcindria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Co-
rolla unknown. Style one. Berry 1-seeded, 1 -celled by abor-
tion, very rarely 2-celled. — M. Pinangidna, from the baccate
fruit, is nearly allied to Argyreia ; but the habit and inflores-
cence are quite distinct.
1 M. adpre'ssa (Choisy, 1. c.) stem hairy ; leaves ovate or
lanceolate, hairy on both surfaces ; peduncles brachiately corym-
bose, exceeding the petioles a little, 3-6-flowered ; sepals linear,
recurved at apex. I; . S. Native of Penang. Convolvulus
adpressus. Wall. cat. no. 1424. Leaves obtuse or acutish, 2-4
inches long, and 1-2 broad, pale beneath. Flowers hairy. Berry
usually 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Adprcssed Moorcroftia. Shrub.
2 M. Pinangia'na (Choisy, 1. c. p. 432.) stem glabrous ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous on both
surfaces ; peduncles slender, much exceeding the petioles, loosely
4-8-flowered ; sepals cuneate-ovate, stiff, small. ^T • '^. S.
Native of Penang. Convolvulus Pinangianus, Wall. cat. no.
1425. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 1^ to 2 broad, whitish be-
neath the nerves, sometimes furnished with a few adpressed
hairs. Outer sepals and corolla hairy outside. Berry 1-celled,
1-seeded.
Pinang Moorcroftia. Shrub tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Argyreia, p. 257.
Tribe II.
CONVOLVU'LEiE (so called, because the genera contained
in the section agree with Convolvulus in the characters indicated
below.) Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 433. Embryo
cotyledonous. Carpella combined into a single ovarium. Peri-
carp capsular, dehiscent.
VII. QUA'MOCLIT (from Kva^oc, kyamos, a. kidney bean;
and kXitos, klitos, dwarf; because it resembles the kidney bean
in its climbing stems, but is less tall.) Tourn. inst. 1 1 6. Mcench,
meth. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 433. — Convolvulus
and Iporace'a, species of authors. — Calboa, Cav. icon. 5. p. 51. t.
476.- Macrostemma, Pers. ench. 1. p. 185. — Exogonium, Moc.
et Sesse, ined. — Mina and Morenoa, La Lav. et Lexar.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals,
which are usually mucronate on tlie back under the apices.
Corolla tubularly cylindrical. Stamens exserted. Style one ;
stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 4-celled ; cells 1-seeded. —
Twining herbs, mostly natives of America.
1 Q. PHCENicEA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p.
433.) leaves cordately reniform, with angularly toothed mar-
gins, sometimes 3-lobed ; lobes acute, with dentately sinuated
edges, glabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles many-flowered,
loosely spicate. ©. '^. S. Native of the southern parts of the
Coiomandel Coast, Moluccas, &c. Ipomoe'a phoenicea, Roxb.
Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 92. Convolvulus phoeniceus, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 596. Ipomoe^a angularis, Willd. act. am. N. C.
berol. 4. p. 197. Convolvulus angulatus, herb. Ham. Ipomoe'a
coccinea. Andr. bot. rep. t. 449. Plant glabrous. Leaves paler
beneath. Sepals awned. Flowers remote, of a beautiful bright
crimson colour ; tube 2 inches long. This is a very gaudy
plant ; no painter can do justice to the brightness of its
flowers.
Cnmion Quamoclit. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1806. PI. tw,
2 Q. ANGULA^TA ; leaves cordate, angular, somewhat 3-lobed,
glabrous on both surfaces: upper ones entire, mucronate ; pe-
duncles many-flowered, racemose, usually dichotomous. ©. ^,
S. Native of the Isle of France and Bourbon, Ipomce'a angu-
lata, Lam. ill. no. 2116. Poir. diet. 6. p. 12. Ipomoe'a dentata,
Willd. herb. Leaves large. Calycine segments narrow, acute.
Corolla scarlet, with a long tube ; lobes of limb ovate. Capsule
3-celled.
Angular-\ea.ve(lL Quamoclit. PI. tw.
3 Q. Ruizia'na ; leaves cordately sagittate, acuminated, and
acute; peduncles usually 2-flowered. ©• ^. S. Native of
Peru, in elevated, stony places, about Lima. Ipomoe'a angulata,
Ort. dec. 7. p. 8. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 11. t. 120. f. b.
Ipomoe'a diibia, Roeni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 216. Leaves en-
tire; segments of calyx unequal, somewhat tubercled. Peduncles
1-3-5-flowered; bracteas ovate, dilated at top. Tube of corolla
long, slender, of a reddish copper colour ; limb short, spreading,
scarlet, with revolute edges. Capsule 3-4-celled. Perhaps a
variety of Q, coccinea.
Ruiz's Quamoclit. PI. tw.
4 Q. COCCINEA ; leaves cordate, acuminated, angular at the
base ; peduncles 3-6-flowered ; calyxes warted, awned. ©. '^.
H. Native of St. Domingo, New Spain ; and of Carolina, at the
Mississippi. Ipomoe'a coccinea, Lin. hort. ups. p. 39. spec. p.
163. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 140. Curt. bot. mag. t.
221. St. Hil. 30. t. 6. Ipomoe'a stylosa, Comm. rar. t. 21.
Conv. coccineus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 599. — Plum. icon. 89. t.
103. Plant nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 2
broad. Tube of corolla long; limb small, pale scarlet. Cap-
sule 3-4-celled.
Far. ji, puhescens (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 5. p. 118.)
leaves hastately-cordate, never 3-lobed ; hind lobes angularly-
toothed at tlie base, down dense, soft, adpressed. ©. ^. H.
Native of Mexico, near Hacienda de la Laguna.
Scarlet-AoweYeA Quamoclit. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713.
PL tw.
5 Q. luTE^OLA ; leaves cordate, acuminated, rather angular,
glabrous ; peduncles at first dichotomous, then racemose. ©. ^.
H. Native of Guatimala. Iponioe'a hiteola, Jacq. icon. rar. 1.
t. 35. coll. 2. p. 266. Willd. enum. 1. p. 207. IpomcD'a coc-
cinea, /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 880. Conv. luieolus, Spreng. syst.
l.p. 599. Sepals lanceolate-linear. Corolla of an orange yellow J
colour; limb acute, short. Perhaps only a variety of Q. coc- I
cinea.
I'eWoro-flowered Quamoclit. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1759. PI.
twining.
6 Q. leuca'ntha ; leaves cordate, bluntly acuminated, gla-
brous ; flowers solitary ; calyx rather hairy, bractless ; corolla
CONVOLVULACE^. VII. Quamoclit.
259
tubular; stigmas globose. Q.?'^. S. Native of Cuba. Ipo-
nioc'a leucantha, Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. p. 25. Corolla
white. Genitals exserted.
While-Jlonercd Quamoclit. PI. twining. .
7 Q. sEROTiNA ; leaves cordate, acuminated, angular at the
base; peduncles thickened, 3-Howered. 0. '~'. S. Native country
unknown. Iponioe'a serotina, Koem. elSchultes, syst. 4. p. 215,
Plant glabrous. Leaves 9,\ inches long, and 2 broad. Sepals
obtuse, unequal. Said to be nearly allied to Q. luteola. Con-
volvulus serotinus, D. C. icon. t. 27. ex Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 598.
Za/e Quamoclit. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. tw.
8 Q. HEDERiFOLiA ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, glabrous ; pe-
duncles racemose, many-flowered. ©. '^. S. Native of West
Indies. Ipomoe'a hederifoiia, Lin. spec. p. 229. Willd. spec.
1. p. 885. Conv. hederifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 594. — Plum,
spec. 3. edit. Burm. t. 93. f. 2. — Tourn. inst. p. 116. Corolla
4 times longer than in C. triloba, violaceous, cylindrical. Stem
rather angular.
Ivy-leaved Q»amoc\h. Fl. July. Clt. 1773. PI. tw.
9 Q. viTiFoLiA ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, toothed at the base,
glabrous ; peduncles bifid, umbelliferous ; sepals acute ; tube of
corolla widened above: limb obtuse, 5-cleft. Q.'^. S. Native
of South America. Calboa vitifolia, Cav. icon. 5. p. 51. t. 476.
Macrostema vititolia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 185. Convolvulus Ne6i,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 593. Lobes of leaves acuminated: middle
one contracted at the base. Corolla yellowish outside, purplish-
red inside, an inch long.
line-leaved Quamoclit. PI. twining.
10 Q. TRILOBA ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, glabrous, interme-
diate lobe ovate, lateral ones semicordate ; peduncles .3-flowered.
©. '^. S. Native of South America. Ipomoe'a triloba, Lin. spec.
p. 229. Mill. diet. no. 6. Willd. spec. 1. p. 884. Convolvidus
trilobus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 564. — Knip. cent. 7. no. 37.
Stem angular. Corolla cylindrical, violaceous. Capsule pilose.
r/iree-/o6erf-leaved Quamoclit. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1752.
PI. tw.
11 Q. Eustachia'na ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, glabrous;
peduncles 2-flowered. ©. '^. S. Native of the Island of St.
Eustache, among Opiintias ; and of Mexico, on hills, between
Funas and Vera Cruz. Ipomoe'a Eustachiana, Jacq. obs. 2. t.
36. Vittm. summ. 1. p. 440. Corolla deep purple, funnel-
shaped; segments short, acute.
Eustache Quamoclit. PI. tw.
12 Q. HASTiGERA ; Icaves hastately trifid, glabrous: interme-
diate segment lanceolate, large : lateral ones angular ; pedun-
cles axillary, many-flowered. 11. '^. S. Native near the city of
Mexico. Ipomoe'a hastigera, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 111. Ipomce'a angularis, Willd. mss. Ip. Humboldtiana,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 789. Conv. bastigerus, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 605. Stem angularly striated. Leaves 2 inches
long, cordate : lateral segments triangular. Peduncles dichoto-
mous, 6-7-flowered. Sepals roundish, obtuse, awned. Corolla
flesh-coloured. Capsule 3- celled.
Halbert-bearing Quamoclit. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824.
PI. tw.
13 Q. sangcinea; glabrous; leaves cordately 3-lobed or
hastate ; peduncles longer than the leaves, cymosely trichoto-
mous, ex Ker ; 3-flowered, ex Vahl. Pj . '^. S. Native of the
Island of Santa Cruz. Ipomoe'a sanguinea, Vahl. symb. 3. p.
33. Ker. bot. reg. t. 9. Willd. spec. 1. p. 885. Conv. san-
guineus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595. Hind lobes of leaves angularly
lobed, ex Vahl. The two lateral pedicels trifid, 3-flowered,
middle one 1-flowered. Sepals setaceous, dilated at bottom.
Corolla erect, arched, of a crimson-blood colour, an inch long.
narrow, clavately tubular, compressed ; limb oblately globose,
with a contracted, 5-toothed mouth. Stamens ascending, much
exserted. Stigma papillosely granular.
.6/oorf^-flowered Quamoclit. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1812.
Shrub tw.
14 Q. longiflora ; leaves hastately 3-lobed, glabrous: inter-
mediate lobe large, oblong: lateral ones quite entire ; peduncles
axillary, many-flowered ; tube of corolla very long. Tf.. '^. S.
Native of Cuba, near Havannah. Ipomoe'a longiflora, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 111. Stems angular. Leaves cordate;
lateral segments triangular. Sepals oblong, obtuse, awned.
Corolla white ; tube 3 inches long.
Long-Jloivered QaanwcUt. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1803. PI. tw.
15 Q. hasta'ta ; leaves sagittately hastate, glabrous; pe-
duncles 2-flovvered. ©. '^. S. Native of Java. IpomcE'a has-
tata, Lin. mant. p. 204. Willd. spec. 1. p. 884. Ipomoe'a
sagittffifolia, Burm. ind. 50. 1. 18. f. 2. Conv. Javanicus, Garc.
Hind lobes of leaves acuminated. Corolla yellow, tubularly
funnel-shaped, an inch long ; limb short, flattish, with ovate,
acute lobes.
//as/a<e-leaved Quamoclit. PI. tw.
16 Q. Cholule'nsis ; leaves roundish-ovate, acuminately
cuspidate, deeply cordate, downy above, glabrous beneatli ; pe-
duncles terminal and axillary, 5-flovvered ; calyx glabrous. ©.
'^. S. Native of New Spain, near the city of Cholula. Ip. Ciiolu-
lensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 1 12. Convolvulus
Cholulensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 599. Stem somewhat trigonal.
Flowers size of those of Q. coccinea, scarlet.
Cholula Quamoclit. PI. tw.
17 Q. dichotoma ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous; pani-
cles terminal, dichotomous ; calyx glabrous. ©. '^. S. Native
of New Granada, at the mouth of the river Sinu, in humid places.
Ipomoe'a dichotoma, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 112. Stems
nearly terete. Pedicels and bracteas downy. Sepals linear,
acuminated. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, scarlet.
Dichotomous-Tpamc\i^d Quamoclit. PI. twining.
18 Q. Mina ; stems glabrous, terete ; leaves roughish, and
rather villous below, and glabrous above, cordate, 3-lobed ; pe-
duncles long, bearing twin, secund racemes, each bearing 7-9-
1 1 flowers ; calyx fleshy, with oblong, keeled segments, which
are mucronate. ©.? i;.? '^. S. Native of Mexico. Mina
lobata. La Lave, et Lexarza, nov. veg. mex. fasc. 1. p. 3. Co-
rolla tubular, curved, dilated at the base, red at top, the rest
yellowish red, fading to yellowish white : limb narrow, 5-tooth-
ed ; teeth roundish, mucronate; tube 5-angled. Stamens in-
serted in the mouth of the tube. Ovarium girded by a fleshy
gland.
Mina's Quamoclit. PI. tw,
19 Q. grandiflora ; stems terete, scabrous ; leaves some-
what hastately 3-lobed, deeply cordate, glabrous ; peduncles
longer than the petioles ; flowers disposed in racemose fascicles ;
sepals furnished with a small fleshy horn at the top of each ;
limb of corolla explicate. %.. ^. S. Native of Mexico, at
St. Jose del Corral. Morenoa grandiflora La Lave, et Lexarza,
nov. veg. mex. fasc. 1. p. 17. Corolla scarlet, with a narrow
curved tube and a wide limb, 2 inches long. Stamens a little
exserted. The leaves of the specimens of this plant we have
seen are angularly cordate, acuminated, and sometimes 3-lobcd ;
the lobes and auricles acuminated.
Great-flowered Q,Maimoc\\t. Fl. Year. Clt. 1826. PI. tw.
20 Q. GLOBOSA ; stems terete ; leaves on long petioles, gla-
brous, hastate: middle lobe lanceolate, acuminated: lateral
ones protracted into acute angles in front, which are prolonged,
angular, and truncate behind ; peduncles elongated : flowers
somewhat fascicled ; sepals rounded, equal ; corolla with a
260
CONVOLVULACE^. VII. Quamoclit. VIII. Leptocallis. IX. Batatas.
globose limb. %.'^.S. Native of Mexico, at St. Jose del
Corral. Morenoa globosa, La Lave et Lexarza, nov. veg. mex.
fasc. 1. p. 5. Corollas scarlet.
GZoiose- Howered Quamoclit. Fl. Year. Clt. 1827. PI. tw.
21 Q. digita'ta ; glabrous; leaves palmate : segments 5-7,
lanceolate, obtuse; peduncles 2-3-flowered. ©. ? ^. S. Na-
tive of tropical America. Ipoinoe'a digitata, Lin. spec. p. 162.
Mill. diet. no. 8. Willd. spec. 1. p. 882. Conv. digitatus,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592. Quamoclit, foliis digitalis, flore coc-
cineo, Plum. spec. 3. icon. 92. f. 1. Corolla funnel-shaped or
tubular, fine purple or scarlet. Stigma globose, obsoletely 3-
lobed. Capsule globose, 3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded.
Digitate-\eaved Quamoclit. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. ? PI. tw.
22 Q. vulga'ris (Choisy, in mem. soc. gen. G. p. 4.34.)
leaves pinnatifid, even to the middle nerve ; segments linear,
parallel, acute ; peduncles 1 -flowered; sepals ovate-lanceolate.
©. '"'. S. Native of various parts of the East Indies; Isle of
France ; and North and South America. Ipomoe'a Quamoclit,
Lin. spec. 227. Curt. bot. mag. t. 244. Lam. ill. t. 104. f 1.
Convolvulus pinnatus, Lam. diet. 3. p. 567. Conv. Quamoclit,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 591. Conv. pennatifoiius, Sal. prod. p. 124.
Flos cardinalis, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 421. t. 155. f. 2. Tsiilria-
Cranti, Rheed, mal. 11. p. 123. t. 60. Camalata, Asiat. res. 4.
p. 25G. — .Sabb. hort. 1. t. 515. Plant glabrous. Sepals acute.
Corolla scarlet, an inch long ; tube narrow ; limb acute. Cap-
sule usually 4-celled. The American plant is said to have the
peduncles generally 2-flowered.
I'ar. ji, alhiflbra; flowers white.
CWnmoH Quamoclit. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1629. PI. tw.
Cull, The most of the species of Quamoclit are beautiful half
hardy annual plants. They should be reared on a hot bed ; and
about the end of May they may be planted out in an open border,
in a warm, sheltered situation, where they will flower freely, and
ripen their seed. Som&of the more tender kinds may be grown
in pots, in the greenhouse, during summer. The perennial her-
baceous and shrubby kinds should be treated in the manner re-
commended for Batatas, p. 262.
VIII. LEPTOCALLIS (from XtTrroc, leptos, slender ; and
KciKXnc, hallos, beauty ; the plants are slender, and very pretty.)
Ipomoe'a species of Cav.
LiN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla tubularly funnel-shaped, narrow. Stamens inclosed. Style
1 ; stigma globose, 2-lobed. Ovarium 4-celled ? 4-valved ; cells
1 -seeded ? Capsule roundish. Seeds angular. — Small erect
])lants, with quinate or ternate leaves, and flowers resembling
those of Quamoclit vulgaris in shape ; except that the stamens
are inclosed.
1 L. quina'ta ; glabrous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets linear ;
peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. 1/. G. Native of Mexico.
Ipomffi'a muricata, Cav. icon. 5. p. 52. t. 478. f. 2. Ipomoe'a
armata, Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 214. Stems filiform,
erect. Peduncles furnished with 2 scale-formed bracteas under
the calyx. Calyx niuricated ?, with ovate, acuminated segments.
Corolla of a reddish-violet colour, tubular, an inch long ; segments
of the limb ovate, acuminated. Filaments villous at the base.
Quinate-]ea\ed Leptocallis. PI. 1 to li foot.
2 L. terna'ta ; glabrous ; leaves ternate ; leaflets linear ;
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. If.. G. Native of Mexico,
about Acapulco. Ipomoe'a ternifolia, Cav. icon. 5. p. 52. t. 478.
f. 1. Stems filiform, erect. Calycine segments acuminated.
Corolla tubular, purplish-violet, with ovate, obtuse segments.
Stamens villous at the base.
Teinate-\ca\ed Leptocallis. PI. 1 to Ig foot.
Cult. The species of Leptocallis are very elegant, slender.
upright plants, with flowers similar to those of Quamoclit. They
will do well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any rich
light soil; and cuttings of them will readily strike under a hand-
glass, in a little bottom heat.
IX. BATATAS (Batatas is Malay according to Rumphius,
Mexican according to Nieremberg.) Rumph. amb. 5. p. 367. t.
130. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 434 Ipomoe'a and
Convolvulus species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla campanulate. Stamens inclosed. Style one ; stigma
capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 4-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Capsule
4-celled, or only 3-celled by abortion. — Creeping or twining
herbs.
1 B. edu'lis (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 435.)
stem creeping, rarely twining; leaves variable, usually angular,
also lobed ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles, or exceed-
ing them, 3-4-flowered ; sepals acuminately mucronate, rarely
subtruncale, outer ones a little shorter. %. S. Native of the
East Indies, and now cultivated every where within the tropics.
Convolvulus Batatas, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 138. Lin.
amcen. acad. 6. p. 138. Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 69.
Ipomoe'a Batatas, Lam. diet. 6. p. 14, exclusive of the syn. of
Feuille. Convolvulus I'ndicus Orientalis, &c. Moris, hist. 2.
sect. 1. t. 3. f. 4. Convolvulus esculentus, &c. Catesb. car. 2.
p. 60. t. 60. Ipomoe'a Catesbse'i, Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 113.
Conv. esculentus, Sal. prod. p. 123. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 607.
Conv. edulis, Thunb. jap. p. 84. Batatas, Rumph. amb. 5. p.
367. t. 130, Kappa-Kalenga, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 95. t. 50.
Root tuberous, edible. Stems prostrate. Leaves cordate.
Corolla an inch long, glabrous, white outside, and purple inside.
The red-rooted sort is in general cultivation all over the warmer
parts of Asia, and very deservedly esteemed one of the most
palatable and nutritious roots; the white-rooted sort is more
generally cultivated in other parts.
The Spanish or Sweet Potatoe is a native of both Indies, and
was cultivated by Gerarde, in 1597. He calls the roots potatus,
potades, or potatoes, and says they are by some named skirrets
of Peru. They flourished in his garden till winter, when they
perished and rotted. Batatas were then sold at the exchange in
London, and are still annually imported into England from
Spain and Portugal. They were, in 1315, the common potatoes
of our old English Writers, the now common potatoe, Soldnum
tuberosum, Lin., being then little known. The tubers of the
Batatas are sweet, sapid, and nourishing. They are very com-
monly cultivated in all tropical climates, where they eat not only
the roots, but the young leaves and tender shoots, boiled. There
are several varieties, differing in the size, figure, colour, and taste
of the roots, as well as the form, hairiness, and smoothness of
the leaves, and colour of the flowers. In warm climates this
plant is cultivated in the same manner as we do the potatoe,
but requires much more room, for the trailing stalks extend 4 or
5 feet every way, sending out large tubers, 40 or 50 to a plant.
In the national garden at Paris, the plants are raised on a hot-
bed, and, about the middle of May, transplanted into the open
ground, where they are earthed up, and otherwise treated like
the potatoe. In warm seasons they produce a tolerable crop.
M. Thouin considers it a much ligliter food than the potatoe,
and equally nourishing. In England, Miller observes, the roots
must be planted on a hot bed in spring ; and if the plants are
kept covered in bad weather with glasses, they will produce
flowers, and many small tubers, from the joints ; but if they
are exposed to the open air, they seldom make much progress.
Batatas, or Sweet or Spanish Potatoe. Fl. ? Clt. 1797.
PI. tw.
CONVOLVULACE^. IX. Batatas.
261
2 B. panicula'ta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 436.) twining, glabrous ;
leaves palmate, 5-7-cleft : lobes ovate-lanceolate or elliptic,
bluntisli, rarely sub-acuminated ; peduncles inucii exceeding the
petioles, many-flowered, dichotomously and corynibosely pani-
cled ; sepals ovate-roundish-concave, very blunt, equal. 'U.'^.
S. Native of the East Indies, as of Siliiet, banks of the Ira-
waddi, Tavoy, Goalpara, &c. ; New Holland; Java; Africa, in
Guinea ; Cayenne, Maranham, and the banks of the Orinoco, in
America. Conv. paniculatus, Lin. spec. 2'-i3. Schum. pi. f^uin.
p. 94. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 63. Ipomoe'a paniculata, R. Br.
prod. p. 486. Ker. bot. reg. t. 62, but not of Burm. Ipomoe'a
Mauritiana, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 216. hort. schoenbr. 2. p. 39. t. 200.
Iponioe'a gossypifolia, Willd. enum. 208. Conv. gossypifolius,
herb. br. mus. Conv. insignis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592. Ipo-
moe*a eriosperma, Beauv. fl. d. ow. 2. p. 73. t. 105. Convolvu-
lus roseus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. lOS. IporacE'a
quinqueloba, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 789.
Ipomoe'a insignis, Andr. bot. rep. t. 636. Ker, bot. reg. t. 75.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1790. Ipomoe'a splendens, G. Don, in Sweet,
hort. brit. Pal-Modecca, Rheed, mal. 11. p. 101. t. 49, exclu-
sive of jModecca. Conv. macrorhizus, Heyne, herb. Root
thick, round, in the Guinea plant elongated. Leaves large, 3-4
inches long, and as much broad. Corolla large, purple. Cap-
sule usually 4-celled, but sometimes 3-celled by abortion. Seeds
furnished with long hairs at top, which are bent in within the
capsule.
Panided-Rov/ered Batatas, Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1799. PI.
twining.
3 B. heterophy'lla ; plant very villous ; stem twining ;
leaves quinately palmate : lobes or leaflets ovatc-spatulate,
acute ; peduncles solitary, axillary, bearing each 3 sessile
flowers; corolla blue. If.. ^. S. Native of Cuba and New
Spain. Ipomce~a heterophy'lla, Ort. dec. p. 9. Jacq. fragm. p.
S7. t. 42. f. 4. Cav. descr. p. 99. Ipomoe'a Ortegas, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 633. Conv. heterophy'Uus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592.
Root tuberous, fleshy. Outer sepals larger, cuspidate, some-
what cordate. Capsule 4-celled.
I 'arious-leaved Batatas. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1SI7. PI. tw.
4 B. ? WiLLDENOVvii ; stem twining, beset with silky pili ;
leaves palmately 5-7-cleft, clothed with adpressed, silky hairs,
leaflets or lobes ovate, nearly equal, the 2 outer lobes al-
ways smaller; peduncles 3-flowered : corolla purple. 1^. '^.
S. Native country unknown. Ipomoe'a VVilldenowii, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 211. Ipomoe'a heterophy'lla, Willd. enum.
1. p. 207. Calyx enveloped in a cordate bractea. Corollas
large.
JFilldenoiv's Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. tw.
5 B. MACRORHizos ; glabrous ; leaves digitate, with 7 entire,
ovate, lanceolate, acute leaflets ; peduncles 3-flowered ; corolla
scarlet. %.'^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Convolvulus ma-
crorhizos, Lin. spec. 223. Desr. in Jiam. diet. 3. p. 567. — Plum,
spec. 1. Burm. anier. 90. f. 1. Plum. cat. p. 1. Tourn. 84.
Root tuberous, turnip-formed. Petioles and middle nerve of
leaves purplish. Peduncles 5-6-flowered. Limb of corolla un-
dulated. Root purgative.
Large-rooted Batatas. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. tw.
6 B. Senegale'nsis ; glabrous ; stem white, tubercular,
twining ; leaves quinately palmate ; lobes ovate, obtuse, middle
one the largest ; peduncles usually 3-flowered ; corolla white or
purplish. IJ.. '''. S. Native of Guinea, from Senegal to the
Line, &c. Ipomoe'a Senegalensis, Lam. ill. 1. p. 464. no. 2113.
Poir. diet. 6. p. 11. Calyx short; sepals ovate, with white,
membranous edges. Corollas large. Root tuberous. Very
like B. pankulala, and probably only a variety of it.
Senegal Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. tw.
7 B. Papiiun ; hairy; leaves quinately palmate, cordate;
lobes lanceolate, entire; peduncles 1-flowered; corolla funnel-
shaped, purplish. %.'^.'&. Native of Peru, upon the hills of
Tarma, where it is called Papirhi. Ipomoe'a Papirin, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 11. t. 120. f. a. Pers. ench. 1. p. 182.
Conv. Papirin, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592. Root large, drastic,
globose or oblong. Stems numerous, filiform. Bracteas subu-
late. Sepals subcordate. Corollas large.
Papirin Batatas. PI. tw.
8 B. suBTiiiLOBA ; downy ; leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed ;
peduncles 1 -flowered. 1^ . '^. S. Native of Peru, along with
the preceding. Ipomoe'a subtriloba, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p.
11. Ipomoe'a Papirin, ft, subtriloba, Pers. syn. 1. p. 185. Co-
rolla purple, as in B. Papirin. Root tuberous, drastic.
Sul)-trilobed-lea\-ed Batatas. PI. tw.
9 B. BiGNONioiDES ; glabrous ; leaves 3-lobed: hind lobes
rounded, imbricate ; peduncles many-flowered, nutant, shortrr
than the petioles ; sepals ovate, nearly equal ; corolla funnel-
shaped; with a curled limb. If.. '^. S. Native of Cayenne.
IpomcE^a bignonioides, Herbert, ex Sims, bot. mag. 2645. Root
tuberous. Corollas dark purple.
Bignonia-lihe Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. tw.
10 B. ?ven6sa; glabrous; leaves digitately quinate; leaflets
petiolate, acun.inated, quite entire ; peduncles many-flowered.
%■ '^. S. Native of the ls!e of France and Bourbon. Ipomoe'a
venosa, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 212. Convolvulus ve-
nosus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 32. Willd. spec. 1. p. 865. Desr.
Lam. diet. 3. p. 180. no. 78. Root tuberous. Intermediate
leaflets obovate, 2 inches long, lateral ones gradually smaller and
narrower. Peduncles umbellate, with an ovate-cordate, solitary
leaf at the base of each pedicel. Corolla funnel-shaped.
Jar. ft ; leaflets usually 7, narrower. 1/ . '"'. S. Native of
the Isle of France, Desr. in Lam. diet. 1. c.
Veiny Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. tw.
11 B. pentaphy'lla (Choisy, in mem. soc. pliys. gen. 6. p.
436.) hairy; leaves quinate; leaflets petiolate, elliptic-lanceo-
late or oblong, entire, acuminated ; peduncles longer than the
leaves, loose, dichotomous ; corolla white, or cream-coloured.
Ti. . '^. .S. Native of the East Indies, Guinea, Islands of Bour-
bon and France ; South America, as in St. Domingo, St. Thomas,
Martinico, &c. ; as well as of the Sandwich and Friendly Islands.
Convolvulus pentaphyllus, Roy, lugdb. p. 429. Lin. amcen.
acad. 8. p. 252. spec. 223. Schum. pi. guin. p. 97. Conv.
aphyllus, Viviani, ann. bot. 1. p. 95. Ipomoe'a pentaphylla,
Jacq. coll. 2. p. 297. icon. rar. t. 319. Ipomoe'a pilosa, Cav.
icon. 4. p. 11. t. 323. Conv. hirsutus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 65.
Conv. munitus, Wight, ill. ind. bot. p. 17. t. 7. Conv. tenuifo-
lius. Ham. herb. — Plum. amer. t. 91. f. 2. The whole plant is
clothed with long, yellow hairs, which rise from black glands.
The 3 outer sepals lanceolate, acute. Corolla exceeding the
calyx a little, wliite or cream-coloured. Capsule covered by
the calyx. Seeds glabrous.
Fu-e-leaved Batatas. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1739. PL tw.
12 B. cissoiDEs (Choisy, 1. c. p. 437.) hairy; lea es qui-
nate ; leaflets ovate, acutish, toothed, somewhat mucronate ;
peduncles 2-3-flowered, equal in length to the leaves ; sepals
ovate, acuminated, hispid at the base: corolla white. 2/. '^. S.
Native of the East Indies, and tropical America. Convolvulus
cissoides, Vahl. eel. 2. p. 15. Lam. ill. p. 462. no. 2103.
Conv. calycinus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 109.
Conv. trichosporus, Wall. cat. no. 1423. Conv. digitatus, Ham.
herb. Stem scabrous from black dots. Leaflets petiolate.
Common petioles downy. Corolla veiny, a little longer than the
calyx. Capsule girded by the calyx. Seeds glabrous.
Var. ft: all parts of the plant larger. •:;. ^. S. Native of
262
CONVOLVULACE^.- IX. Batatas. X. Pharbitis.
Cayenne, Cuba, Brazil, banks of die Orinoco. Convolvulus
riparius, H. B. et Kuntb, nov. gen. 3. p. 109. Conv. Orino-
censis, Willd. herb. ex. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 303.
Cisstts-like Batatas. PI. tvv.
13 B. Cavanille^sii ; glabrous; leaves quinate; leaflets
ovate, entire, unequal; peduncles 1-3-flowcred ; corolla of a
pale wliitish red. 1^.'^'. S. Native country unknown. Ipomce'a
Cavanillesii, Rcem. et Scl)ultes, syst. 4. p. 214. Ipomoe'a pen-
taphylla, Cav. icon. 3. p. 29. t. 256. Pers. ench. 1. p. 184.
Ip. Cavanillesii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 214. Convolvulus
Cavanillesii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590. Stems filiform. Sepals
ovate, coriaceous, the 2 outer ones rough from dots. Lobes of
corolla obtuse, crenulated.
Cavanilles's Batatas. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. tw.
14 B. teknaVa ; glabrous ; leaves ternate ; leaflets petio-
kilate, ovate, rcpandly crenated ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ;
corolla dirty white, with the rays cream coloured ; calyx clammy ;
sepals obovate, obtuse, inflated. 2/ . '^. S. Native of Brazil.
Ipomoe'a ternata, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. p. 16. t. 37. Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 632. Conv. ternatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590.
Root tuberous, large. Peduncles purplish. Lobes of corolla
bearded. Stamens exserted.
Teniatc-leaved Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. tw.
15 B. GLAUciFOLiA ; glabrous ; leaves sagittate, truncate be-
hind, on long petioles ; peduncles 2-flowered, length of leaves ;
sepals ovate, acute. 1/ . ^. S. Native of Mexico, in corn
fields. Ipomce^a glaucifolia, Lin. spec. 229. Willd. spec. 1. p.
884. Convolvulus glaucifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 604. — Dill,
elth. 103. t. 87. f. 101. Corolla small, purplish or flesh-co-
loured ; with an inflated tube, and ovate, acute segments. Cap-
sule 3-4-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
Glaucous-leaved Batatas. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1732. PI. tw.
16 B. Loure'ihii ; stems procumbent; leaves cordate, pal-
mate, on long petioles ; corolla purple. If.. '"'. S. Native of
Cochinchina. Ipomoe\i tuberosa. Lour. coch. p. 138. Tubers
oblong, edible, as in B. ediilis, to which they are much like in
size, taste, and form.
Loiireiro's Batatas. PI. procumbent.
Cult. The species of Batatas are strong, free growing plants,
of easy culture, only requiring plenty of room to spread. They
are well adapted for trellis-work, or to run up pillars in stoves.
They are all tuberous rooted plants ; and, therefore, require to
be kept dry when in a dormant state. Light rich soil an-
swers them best. Young cuttings strike root readily under a
hand-glass, in heat. They are all very showy when in blossom.
X. PHARBTTIS (meaning unknown to us.) Choisy in mem.
soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 438. — Convolvulus and Ipomoe'a species of
authors. — Convolvuloides, Mcench. meth. 452.
Lin. syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla campanulate, or campanulately funnel-shaped. Style
one ; stigma capitately granulate. Ovarium 3, rarely 4-celled ;
cells 2-seeded. — The species of this genus are readily distin-
guished from other convolvulaceous plants. They are mostly
climbing American herbs, usually beset with retrograde hairs.
§ 1. Leaves cordate, entire.
1 P. HispiDA (Choisy in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 438.) leaves
cordate, acuminated, entire : auricles diverging ; peduncles
usually exceeding the leaves, 3-5-flowered, somewhat umbel-
late ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute. ©. ^. H. Native of
South America, Sandwich Islands, and probably cultivated in
the East Indies. Convolvulus purpilreus, Lin. spec. p. 219.
Ehrh. pict. t. 7. f. 2. Ciut. bot. mag. t. 113. 1005. and 1682.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 104. Ipomooa purpurea.
Lam. ill. no. 2129. Ipomoe'a hispida, Zucc. cent. obs. no. 36.
Ipomce'a Zuccagni, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 230. Ipomoe'a
glandulifcra, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per 2. p. 12. t. 121. f. a. Ipo-
mce'a intermedia, Schultes, obs. no. 236. p. 37. Ip. Schultesii,
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 790. Conv. mutabilis, Sal. prod, 123.
Convolvuloides leucosperma, and Conv. purpurea, Mcench. meth.
p. 452. Conv. glandulifer, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 599. Ipomce'a
discolor, Spreng. mss. ex Schultes, obs. Conv. eriocaulos ?
Willd. mss. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. — Dill. elth.
97. t. 82. f. 94. ibid. p. 100. t. 84. t. 97. Stem beset with re-
trograde hairs. Pedicels usually drooping or twisted. Sepals
hispid, particularly so at the base ; inner ones smoothish. Cap-
sule glabrous, 3-celled. Seeds brown, roundish. — This species
varies much in the colour of the flowers ; white, purple, violet,
and mixed with these colours.
Hisjiid Pharbitis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1629. PI. tw.
2 P. insula'ris (Choisy, 1. c. p. 439.) leaves entire, cordately
acuminated, clothed with greyish down ; peduncles exceeding
the petioles from 2 to many-flowered ; sepals cuneate-lanceo-
late, very acute, downy. ©.'"'. H. Native of Marianne Island ;
Sandwich Islands ; Norfolk Island ; New South Wales, at Endea-
vour river. Convolvulus multiflorus, herb, britt. mus. Stem beset
with retrograde soft hairs. Petioles villous. Bracteas narrow,
villous. Corolla tubularly campanulate, 2-3 inches long, purple.
Far. ft ; down on the plant longer, of a rusty, silky colour.
Island Pharbitis. PI. tw.
3 P. BARBiGERA ; Stem downy ; leaves cordate, acuminated,
entire, hairy on both surfaces ; hind lobes rounded: peduncles
1-flowered, shorter than the petioles, bibracteate near the calyx;
sepals acuminated, spreadingly reflexed at apex, and densely
bearded at the base. 0.*^. H. Native of North America.
Ipomce'a barbigera, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 86. Corolla campanu-
lately funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, slightly crenulated ; limb of a
bright azure blue ; tube pale, or nearly white. Stigma capi-
tate, hardly lobed. Capsule smooth, 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
Seeds black, roughish, downy.
Beard-bearing Pharbitis. Fl. July, Oct. PI. tw.
§ 2. Leaves 3-5-lobed.
4 P. Nil (Choisy, 1. c.) hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed :
intermediate lobe dilated at the base, and not contracted ;
peduncles 2-3-flovvered, commonly exceeding the petioles ;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, hispid at the base. ©. '^. H. Na-
tive everywhere within the tropics, both in America, Africa,
and Asia. Convolvulus Nil, Lin. spec. 219. Ipomce'a Nfl,
Roth. cat. bot. 1. p. 36. Ipomce'a CEerulea, Keen. mss. Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 91. Ker. bot. reg. 276. Convolvulus hederaceus,
Lin. spec. p. 219. Ipomce'a hepaticifolia, Hayne, herb. Conv.
hederaceus, pilosus, and purpilreus, Herb. madr. Conv. Cala-
dona, and Conv. Sucbedea, Ham. herb. Conv. hepaticifolius,
Russ. herb. — There are several varieties of this species, particu-
larly the following. Flowers blue. Gerarde says this plant is
called by the Arabians Nil ; of Serapio Hab al Nil ; and in
Syria, the inhabitants call it Hasmisen ; and the Italians Cam-
2mna azurea. Plant hairy.
I'ar. ft. Ijwmcea ccerule scens (Roxb. fl. ind. edit. Wall. 2.
p. 90.) Tiiis diff'ers from the species, in the leaves being never
lobed, and in the plant being perennial. Flowers of a beautiful
lively pale blue.
J'ar. y. Conv. Ccelestis (Forst. prod. no. 77.) The leaves of
this variety are described as entire, downy. ©. '^. H. Native
of the Island of Tarnia, in the Pacific.
A^(7 Pharbitis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tw.
CONVOLVULACEjE. X. Pharbitis. XI. Calonyction.
263
5 P. hedera'cea (Choisy, 1. c. p. 440.) leaves cordate, 3-5-
lobed ; middle lobe ovate, acuminated, and coaictate at the
base ; peduncles very short, usually 1-flowered, shorter than
the petioles ; sepals lanceolate-linear, dilated at the base, and
hispid from yellow bristles. ©. '^. H. Native of North
America, and New Holland; and of the province of Caraccas,
near La Victoria ; also of Mexico, near Jalapa. Ip. heder^cea,
Lin. syst. 15. p. 207. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 124. icon. rar. t. 36. R.
Br. prod. p. 485. Ker. hot. reg. t. 85.— Dill. elth. t.80. f. 91. ?
Plant pilose. Corolla deep blue. Stem beset with retrograde
hairs. Leaves clothed with strigose down.
Ivy-like Pharbitis. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1729. PI. tw.
6 P. va'ria ; leaves cordate, entire, and 3-5-lobed ; pedun-
cles erect, 1-flowered; sepals spreading at apex, bearded on
the back, the 3 outer ones cordate-lanceolate ; root fusiform.
7^.? '^. S. Native country unknown. Ipomoe'a varia. Roth,
cat. 2. p. 17. Convolvuloides pilosus, Moench meth. 452.
Convolvulus pubescens, Willd. enum. 1. p. 203. Poir. suppl.
3. p. 463. Ipomoe'a tuberosa, Hortul. Stem beset with retro-
grade white pili. Corolla bluish-violet, like those of P. barbata.
/Wioiis-leaved Pharbitis. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1816. PI. tw.
7 P. Pu'rshii ; hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated :
lateral lobes small : middle lobe large, dilated at tlie base; pedun-
cles short, 1-2-flowered; bracteas subulate; calyxes very villous,
long, acuminated. ©. '^. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina,
near gardens, and in hedges on river siiles. Conv. Nil, Michx.
fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 139. Sims, hot. mag. t. 188, but not of
Lin. Ipomoe'a Nil, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 146. — Dill. elth.
t. 80. f. 91. Flowers beautiful pale blue, only open early in
the morning, from which it has been called Morning-glory.
Puri/i'i Pharbitis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tw.
8 P. sca'brida ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, and are
as well as the stem, scabrous from hairs : peduncles usually
1-flowered; sepals beset with strigose hairs. ©. '^. H. Na-
tive country unknown. Ipomcc'a scabrida, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 223. Ipomoe'a scabra, Schultes, obs. hot. p. 238.
Said to be intermediate between Ijwmce'a hederacea and Ipomcea
triloba. Corolla white.
Scabrous Pharbitis. PI. tw.
9 P. Forskce'li ; leaves 5-lobed, scabrous on both surfaces,
as well as the calyxes ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered. Q. '^.
H. Native of Arabia, at Hadie. Ipomoe'a scabra, Forsk.
ffigypt. p. 44. Flowers blue. Bracteas linear. Stigma capi-
tate. Said to be nearly allied to P. hederacea.
Forskoel's Pharbitis. PI. tw.
10 P. cuspida^ta ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes cuspi-
date ; peduncles 1-flowered; sepals linear, very hairy at the
base. ©. '^. H. Native of Peru, in stony places. Ipomoe'a
cuspidata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 13. t. 119. f. a. Poir.
diet. 6. p. 20. Conv. Peruviinus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 593.
Leaves on long petioles. Lateral lobes of leaves short. Pedun-
cles shorter than the petioles. Bracteas subulate. Corolla
funnel-shaped, purplish ; limb spreading, nearly entire. Stamens
exserted. Stigma 3-lobed.
Cuip/rfa/e-leaved Pharbitis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PI. tw.
11 P. barba'ta ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed; peduncles 1-flow-
ered, twisted ; calyx bearded ; sepals and bracteas revolutely
spreading at the apex. ©. ^. H. Native of Virginia and
Carolina, from whence the seeds were sent to Dillenius. Ipo-
moe'a barbata. Roth. cat. 1. p. 27. Pers. ench. 1. p. 184.
Ipomoe'a hederacea, Ker. hot. reg. t. 85, but not of Lin. — Dill,
elth. t. 80. f. 92. Calyx beset with elevated warts. Capsule
3-eelled, cells 2-seeded.
5eart/c(/-calyxed Pharbitis. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1729. PI. tw.
12 P. Dii.le'nii ; hairy; leaves cordate, entire, and 3-lobed ;
flowers solitary, almost sessile ; calyxes oblong, pilose. 0. '^.
1
H. Native of Ethiopia. Ipomoe'a Dillenii, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4, p. 227. Conv. Dillenii, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 544.
— Dill. elth. 97. t. 81. f. 93. Stem beset with long hairs, as
well as the petioles. Leaves rather villous. Corolla beautiful
blue, with a white bottom, and a spreading, nearly entire limb.
Dillenius's Pharbitis. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. tw.
] 3 P. sca'bra ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; peduncles S-flow-
ered, longer than the petioles ; calyx tubercled ; fruit nutant,
©. '^. H. Native country unknown. Ipomoe'a scabra, Gmel.
syst. Cav. descr.p. 101. Stem filiform. Flowers white. Capsule
small, 3-celled.
Scabrous Pharbitis. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1823. PI. tw.
14 P. viLLOSA ; very villous ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes
acuminated : lateral ones excavated outside : intermediate one
elongated, attenuated at the base ; peduncles 3-flowered, invo-
lucrated. ©. '^. H. Native of Peru, in groves, and on the
edges of fields. Ipomoe'a villosa, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p.
12. t. 121. f. 1. Poir. diet. 6. p. 20. Conv. Ruizii, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 594. Corolla funnel-shaped, purplish, glabrous, with
an entire, large, revolute limb. Stamens villous at the base.
Stigma capitate, granular, 3-lobed.
Villous Pharbitis. PI. twining.
15 P. puncta'ta ; pilose ; leaves cordate, entire, or 3-lobed ;
peduncles usually 3-flowered ; calyx beset with long hairs and
black tubercles; sepals acute, unequal. 0. '^. H. Native of
India, Asia, Africa, and America. Ipomoe'a punctata, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 184. Conv. hederaceus, Lin. spec. 219. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 851. — Dill. eth. 99. t. 83. f. 96. Stems dark red.
Corolla of a purplish-violet colour, middle sized; limb spread-
ing, nearly entire.
Z)o»erf-calyxed Pharbitis. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. ? PI. tw.
Cult. Pharbitis is a genus of very showy, tender, annual,
twining plants. They should be reared in a hot-bed ; and when
the plants are of sufficient size, they should be planted into
other pots, and afterwards shifted from size to size of pots as
they grow ; and some of them may be tried in the open ground,
in a warm sheltered situation. A light, rich soil, or a mixture
of loam and decayed leaves suits them best.
XI. CALONY'CTION (from icaXoc, kalos, beautiful ; and
vvi,, nyx, night; the flowers are large and showy, and expand
at night.) Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 441. Convol-
vulus and Ipomoe'a species of authors. — Bona nox, Rafin.
Lin. syst. Pcnldndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5. Corolla very
showy, funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. Style one ; stigma
capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2-celled, or somewhat 4-celled,
from the rudiment of a dissepiment, 4-ovulate. Pedicels Heshy.
— Twining showy herbs, bearing flowers resembling those of
DaiHra. Peduncles axillary, usually 1-flowered.
1 C. si'EciosuM (Choisy, 1. c); sepals unequal, awned. $ .^.
S. Native of most parts of America within the tropic. Ipo-
moe'a bona-nox. Lin. spec. p. 228. Sims, hot. mag. t 752.
Pursh. fl. amer. 1. p. 145. Cav. icon. 3. p. 52. t. 300. Jacq.
schcenbr. I. p. 16. t. 36. Argyreia bona nox. Sweet, hort. brit.
p. 289. Conv. bona-nox. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. — Sloane jam.
p. 55. hist. 1. p. 151. t. 96. f. 1.— Plukn. aim. 115. t. 276.
f. 3. Leaves cordate, entire, acuminated, or hastately 3-5-
lobed ; peduncles racemose, 3-5-flovvered. Corolla with a long
cylindrical yellowish tube, and a white spreading limb ; lobes
rounded, mucronate.
S/iowy Calonyction. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1773. PI. tw.
2 C. Roxbu'rghii : sepals unequal, awned ; leaves cordate,
entire, rarely lobed, glabrous. ^ . '^. S. Native of the East
Indies. Ipomoe'a grandiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 87. but not
of Lin. Ipomoe'a longiflora. Wild. enum. 1. p. 207. Munda-
valli, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 103. t. 50. Asiat. res. 4. p. 257.
264
CONVOLVULACE^. XI. Calonyction. XII. Exogonium.
Conv. muricatiis, Ham. herb. Stem hardly prickly. Peduncles
clavate, 2-4-flowered. Flowers very large, pure white, the
border being from 4-6 inches in diameter, delightfully but
faintly fragrant, opening at sun-set and drooping at day-light ;
tube very long, cylindrical.
Roxburgh's Calonyction. Fl. July, Oct. CIt. 1799.
.3 C. murica'tum ; sepals equal, long, acuminated ; leaves cor-
date, acuminated, entire. 0. '^. S. Native of Persia and the
East Indies. Ipomoe'a muricata, Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 40. t. 323.
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. S9. Convolvulus muricatus, Lin. mant. p.
44. Willd. enum. 1. p. 204. Ipomoe'a turbinata, Lagasc. gen.
et spec. nov. diagn. p. 10. no. 139. C. speciosum, var. /3. mu-
ricatiim, Choisy, 1. c.) I. bona-nox. ft. purpurascens, Ker.
bot. rep. 290. Stem and peduncles muricated from prickles.
Flowers large, pale bluish-purple ; lobes mucronate, tube
widening a Lttle towards the mouth, hairy inside, ex Roxb.
Peduncles 2-6-flowered.
Muricated Calonyction. Fl. Jidy, Oct. Clt. 1777. PI. tw.
4 C. pseudomurica'tum (Bernh. hort. elfort, ex Link. enum.
1. p. 200. under Ipomce^a) stem muricated; leaves cordate,
acuminated, glabrous, 7-nerved ; peduncles shorter than the pe-
tioles ; sepals acuminated. Ij . ^. S. Native country unknown.
Corolla purple. Very like C. immcdtum, but smaller, and the
leaves are 7-nerved instead of 9-nerved.
Fahe-muricaled Calonyction. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1820.
Shrub tw.
5 C. a'sperum (Choisy, 1. c. p. 442.) sepals unequal, short-
acuminated. ^ . '^. S. Native of Silhet. Convolvulus asper,
Wall. cat. no. 1388. Stem beset with retroflexed, spiny tubercles,
particularly on the older branches. Leaves cordate, acuminated ;
hind lobes sometimes roundish-obtuse, and sometimes angularly
toothed. Peduncles 1-flowered. Sepals adpressed to the base
of tlie calyx. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, 3-6 inches long.
Capsule glabrous, size of a cherry. Seeds angular, downy,
especially on the angles.
Roiigh-stemmeA Calonyction. PI. tw.
6 C. trichospe'rmum (Choisy, 1. c.) sepals unequal, obtuse.
^.? '^. S. Native of Java. Ipomoe'a trichosperma, Blum,
bijdr. p. 710. Stem quite glabrous. Leaves hastately 3-5-
lobed ; middle lobe elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends,
very acute at apex ; lateral ones acute at apex, and cuneated at
the base, as also bifid, quite glabrous. Peduncles 1-flowered.
Sepals ovate ; inner ones rarely mucronate at apex. Corolla
tubular, much longer than the calyx, white. ?
Hairy-seeded Calonyction. PI. tw.
7 C. GRANDiFLORUM (Choisy, 1. c.) sepals equal, acute.
1/ . '^. S. Native of the West Indies. Convolvulus grandiflo-
rus, Lin. suppl. p. 136. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 543. And.
bot. rep. t. 403. Convolvulus latiflorus, Desr. in Lam. diet.
3. p. 561. Ipomoe'a latiflora, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 240.
— Plum. cat. 1. mss. vol. 2. p. 52. — Tourn. p. 83. Leaves
large, glabrous, cordate, acuminated. Corolla snow-white,
with a long, cylindrical, greenish tube ; limb 5 inches in dia-
meter, expanding at night, and fading at day-light. According
to Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. the 2 outer sepals are longer, and
acute, and the 3 inner obtuse.
Great-fliiwered Calonyction. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. ? PI. tw.
8 C. PTERIPES ; glabrous ; peduncles winged, 2-flowered ;
pedicels clavate, divaricate ; sepals large, elliptic-oblong, ob-
tuse. $ .1 ^. S. Native of Huayaquil. Leaves cordate,
acuminated : auricles rounded. Peduncles longer than the
leaves. Corolla downy, (v. s. in herb. Ruiz, et Pav.)
Winged-peduncled Calonyction. PI. tw.
9 C. clava'tum ; sepals wide, mucronate, nearly equal, mem-
branous ; stem and petioles pilose ; leaves glabrous. $ .1 '~^.
>S. Native of Huayaquil. Convolvulus clavatus, Ruiz, et Pav.
mss. in herb. Lamb. Leaves cordate, glaucous beneath, acumi-
nated : auricles rounded. Corolla blue, like those of a species
oi Datura, with narrow segments.
Clavate Calonyction. PI. tw.
10 C. Jacqui'nii ; sepals imequal, obtuse ; leaves cordate,
acute, tj . '^. S. Native of Martinico, on the banks of rivers.
Convolvulus grandiflorus, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 39. t. 69. Plant
glabrous. Leaves large, cordate. Peduncles axillary, 1-flow-
ered. Corolla pure white ; tube widening to the top. Seeds
brown, rather woolly.
Jacquin's Calonyction. Shrub tw.
Cult. The species of Calonyction are among the largest
flowering convolvulaceous plants. A light rich soil is the best for
them, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. They should be
reared on a hot-bed, and when of sufficient size they should be
planted in separate pots, and shifted from size to size as they
grow. They succeed best when trained up trellis-work, or
rafters in stoves.
XII. EXOGO'NIUM (from tiw, exo, outwardly ; and yuyia,
gonia, an angle ; in reference to the exserted stamens.) Choisy
in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 443. but not of Mocino and
Sesse. — Convolvulus and Ipomoe'a species of authors.
Lin. sysT. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla middle-sized, tubular. Stamens exserted. Style one ;
stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-ovulate.
— Climbing plants, natives of America.
1 E. bractea'tum (Clioisy, 1. c.) glabrous; leaves cordate;
racemes elongated, many-flowered ; flowers bracteate ; bracteas
large, cordately reniform, coloured. I; . '^. S. Native of New
Spain, near La Venta de Acaguisotla, at the altitude of 504
hexapods. Ipomoe'a bracteata, Cav. icon. 5. p. 51. t. 477.
Ipomoe'a spicata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 112. Conv.
obovallatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595. Ipomoe'a cincta, Willd.
Branches angular, white, glabrous. Flowers pedicellate, distinct,
reflexed. Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped, glabrous, yellowish
outside and purplish-red inside ; the limb in the plant described
by Cav. is entire and reflexed, but in the plant described by
Kunth, the limb is plicately 5-cleft, and the segments mucronate.
Seeds oblong, black, downy.
Bracteate-AowereA Exogonium. Shrub, tw.
2 E. FiLiFORME (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves oblong-cordate, obtuse,
mucronate ; peduncles racemose, filiform. ^ ■ "^^ S. Native
of Martinico and ihfe Antilles, in woods. Ipomoe'a filiformis,
Jacq. amer. p. 27. t. 19. pict. p. 20. t. 26. Willd. spec. 1. p
883. Convolvulus filiformis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 555
Plant quite glabrous. Racemes loose-flowered. Flowers purple
copious. Calyx small, acute. Corolla with a very long tube
and obtuse segments. Filaments 5, exceeding the corolla, alter
nating with 5 sterile ones, which are much shorter.
i?/7?/braj Exogonium. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. tw.
3 E. repa'ndum (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves cordate, oblong, repand,
acuminated ; peduncles branched, cymose. h . '^. S. Native
of South America and Martinico. Ipomce'a repanda, Jacq.
amer. 28. t. 20. pict. t. 27. Sal. par. t. 81. Convolvulus re-
pandus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 555. Plant quite glabrous.
Stem terete. Lower leaves sometimes 3-lobed, all glaucous be-
neath. Peduncles length of leaves ; partial ones often trichoto-
mous. Flowers scarlet, 2 inches long. Calyx the same colour
as the corolla, small, obtuse. Limb of corolla reflexed ; seg-
ment narrow, obtuse.
Repand\e!i\eA Exogonium. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1793.
Shrub, tw.
Cult. All the species of this genus are elegant and singidar.
Light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, or decayed
leaves and loam suits them best. They are well adapted for
\
CONVOLVULACEiE. XIII. Leiustemon. XIV. Ipomcea.
265
training up trellis-work, or pillars in stoves. Young cuttings
strike root ruaililv under a liand-glass, in heat.
XIII. LEPISTE'MON (from Xeti-ic, lepis, a scale ; and
cTTtfjoiv, stemon, a stamen ; in reference to the stamens being
furnished with 5 scales ; that is, one to each, which are arched
over the ovarium.) Blum, bijdr. p. 722. Choisy, in mem. soc.
phys. gen. G. p. 443. — Convolvulus species of authors.
LiN. 6YST. Pcntdndna, Monogijnia. Calyxof 5 equal sepals.
Corolla tubular, inflated at the base. Stamens 5, furnished each
with a scale at the base, which is arched over the ovarium.
Style one. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells
1-seeded. Fruit capsular. — Climbing perennial herbaceous
plants.
1 L. Walliciiii (Choisy, 1. c.) stem hairy ; leaves cordate,
acuminated : upper ones somewhat 3-lobed ; pedimcles very
short, umbellately many-flowered ; sepals oblong-lanceolate,
acute. If.. '^. S. Native of Silhet. Convolvulus ampulla-
ceus, Vahl. mss. in herb. Juss. Conv. hispidus? Vahl. symb.
3. p. 29. Conv. binectariferus, Wall. in. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 47.
Conv. cephalanthus, Wall. cat. no. 1402. Leaves beset with
adpressed hairs, pale beneath, 3-5 inches long, and nearly as
much broad. Stem and petioles beset with spreading hairs.
Sepals hairy outside. Con^lla glabrous. Flowers rather small,
pure white, 18 lines long, and the scales of the stamens acute
and villous.
WalUch's Lepistemon. PL tw.
2 L. flave'scens (Blum, bijdr. p. 722.) plant pilose ; leaves
cordate-ovate, quite entire, or 3-lobed ; cymes pedunculate, ax-
illary, dense-flowered, shorter than the petioles. %. '~^. S.
Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains. Perhaps the
same as the preceding species.
Yellowish Lepistemon. PI. tw.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Exogbnium above.
XIV. IPOMCE'A (from l-^ ittoc, ips ipos, bind-weed ; and
ofjLoioi, omoios, similar ; the genus is nearly allied to Convolvulus,
or bind-weed.) Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 444. —
Convolvulus and Ipomce'a species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijn'm. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla campanulate. Stamens inclosed. Style one ; stigma
2-lobed : lobes capitate. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
Capsule 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. — Twining or creeping plants,
usually natives within the tropics in both hemispheres.
Sect. L Erpipomce'a (from tpTrw, erpo, to creep, and Ipo-
mcea; the plants contained in this section creep along the
ground.) Choisy, I. c. Stems creeping.
1 I. REPTANs (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 460.) stems smooth,
striately furrowed, rooting below ; leaves sagittately-lanceolate :
auricles acutish, sometimes entire and sometimes toothed ; pe-
tioles glabrous; peduncles 1-5-flowered ; sepals ovate, acutish,
or obtuse. If.. S. Native of China; East Indies; Arabia,
and Senegal. Convolvulus reptans, Lin. syst. veg. 171. spec.
225. Osb. itin. p. 19fi. Ipomce'a reptans, /?. aqiiatica, Poir.
diet. 6. p. 18. Ipomce'a repens, Roth. nov. spec. p. 110.
Convolvulus repens, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 17. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 874. but not of Lin. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. G8. — Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 419. t. 155. f. 1.— Rheed. mal. 11. p. 107. t. 53. Ipoma'a
sepiaria, Russ. herb. Conv. repens, Ham. herb. Conv. palus-
tris. Ham. herb. Ipomce'a aquatica, Forsk. descr. p. 44. There
are varieties having froin 1 to many-flowered peduncles ; the
sepals acute or obtuse ; it is, therefore, not separated from Ipo-
VOL. IV.
moe'a aquatica, Forsk. (Conv. Adansonii, Desr.) but not of
Blume.
Creeping Ipomoea. Fl. May, June. CIt. 1806. PI.
creeping.
2 I. acetos.ei'6lia (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 18.) glabrous; stems
angular, creeping ; leaves oblong-lanceolate and hastate ; pedun-
cles elongated, 1-flowered ; sepals oblong, glabrous; bracteas
alternate, subulate. %. S. Native of tropical America, by the
sea-side. Willd. spec. 1. p. 874. Conv. repens, Swartz. obs.
p. 64. but not of Roth.^ — Plum. amer. 91. t. 105. Leaves 2
inches long, and a nail broad, obtuse, sometimes emarginate.
Flowers white.
Sorrel-leaved Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
3 I. pe's-ca'pr.e (Sweet, hort. brit. 289.) leaves roundish,
emarginate, or 2-lobed, veiny, thickish ; peduncles 1, or many-
flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse. % . S. Native of
India; China; New Holland; Arabia; Island of Bourbon;
Sandwich Islands ; and South America, in the sand, by the
sea-side. Convolvulus pes-caprae, Lin. spec. 226. Wall,
fl. ind. 2. p. 74. Conv. Brasiliensis, Lin. spec. 226. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 877. Conv. maritimus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p.
550. Conv. bilobatus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 73. Conv. bauhi-
niaefolius, Sal. ]irod. 125. Ipomce'a maritima, R. Br. prod. 486.
Ker, hot. reg. 319. Ipomce'a orbicularis, Ell. sketch. 257.
Ipomce'a Brasiliensis, Meyer, ess. 97. Ipoma-'a biloba, Forsk,
segypt. p. 44. Vittm. summ. 1. p. 440. — Rheed. mal. 11.
p. 117. t. 57. — Herm. lugdb. 174. t. 175. — Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 433. t. 159. f. 1. Leaves biglandular at the base, more or
less 2-lobed. Peduncles 1-6-flowered. F'lowers large, reddish-
purple. Seeds downy.
GoatsfootAe&vcA Ipomoea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1770.
PI. creeping.
4 I. rotundifolia ; glabrous ; leaves roundish, retuse, mu-
cronate ; petioles shorter than the leaves ; peduncles twice
longer than the petioles, bifid, many-flowered. 1/ . S. Native
of Guinea, in tlie sea-sand. Conv. rotundifolius, Schum, pi.
guin. p. 102. Root woody, creeping. Stems trailing, rooting,
purplish. Petioles purplish, biglandular at top. Sepals ovate,
obtuse, mucronate : outer ones rather wrinkled : inner ones
twice the size, and somewhat diaphanous. Corolla campanu-
lately funnel-shaped, purple ; limb flat, obsoletely 5-lobed.
Filaments downy at the base. Seeds hairy. Allied to /. pes-
cciprce.
Round-leaved Ipoma-a. PI. creeping.
5 I. littora'lis (Blum, bijdr. p. 713.) stems creeping;
leaves roundish-cordate, emarginate, with a mucrone, a little
angled, ciliated on the edges; peduncles 1-flowered; sepals
cuspidate: outer ones shorter, erectly spreading. Tl. S. Na-
tive of Java and Nusakambanga, in the sand by the sea-shore.
Corollas lilac, with a purplish bottom.
Sea-shore Ipomoea. Pi. creeping.
6 I. ripa'kia ; downy ; stems prostrate, radicant ; leaves
cordate, acute, on long petioles ; umbels pedunculate, 4-5-flow-
ered ; calyx pilose. '2^.8. Native of Guinea, on the banks
of rivers. Corollas red.
River-side Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
7 I. cRAssiFOLiA (Cav. descrip. p. 100. Pers. ench. 1. p.
184.) stem decumbent, branched; leaves reniform, emarginate.
somewhat plicate ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered, shorter
than the petioles; 2 outer sepals fleshy, and shorter than the 3
inner. 1/. S. Native of Guayaquil. Nearly allied to I.pes-
caprcc. Nerves of leaves white. Petioles biglandular at the
base. Corollas white.
Thick-leaved Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
8 I. carnosa (R. Br. prod. p. 485.) plant prostrate, glabrous;
M M
266
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipomcea.
leaves cordate, emarginate, fleshy, glandless, hardly an inch
long; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; sepals equal. %. S. Native
of New Holland, vvitliin tiie tropic. Convolvulus carnosus.
Sprang, syst. 1. p. 009. Flowers red. ?
Flesliy-]ea.\ed Ipomoea. PI. prostrate.
9 I. iNcisA (R. Br. prod. p. 486.) plant prostrate, rather
villous ; leaves subcordate, dentately cut : upper ones hastate ;
peduncles 1-flowered, glabrous, longer than the leaves ; sepals
equal, lanceolate, acuminated. If. . S. Native of New Hol-
land, within the tropic, by the sea-side. Conv. incisus, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. e09.
Cut-leaved Ipomoea. PI. prostrate.
10 I. cinera'scens (R. Br. prod. p. 486.) plant creeping,
tomentose ; leaves nearly cordate, ovate-oblong, cut, rather
silky ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, villous, longer than the leaves ;
sepals glabrous, equal, oblong-lanceolate, acute. 1(.. S. Na-
tive of New Holland, within the tropic. Conv. cinerascens,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 609.
Greyish Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
111. RUGOSA (Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 446.) stems
creeping ; leaves cordately reniform, glabrous, obtuse, mucro-
nulate ; peduncles usually not equalling the leaves in length ;
sepals ovate : outer ones shortest, and rugosely plicate. Tl. S.
Native of Mysore and Malabar. Convolvulus rugosus, Rottl.
in Willd. am. act. berol. 4. p. 196. Roem. et Sciiultes, 4. p.
273. 303. and 790. Convol. flagelliformis, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p.
68. Conv. Beladambu, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 608. Ipomoe'a
repens. Lam. ill. no. 2134. Poir. diet. 6. p. 18. Ipomoe'a
Beladamboe, Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 233. Conv. mu-
ric^tus, Russ. herb. Beladamboe, Rheed nial. 11. p. 119.
t. 58. Stems compressedly angular. Peduncles 3-8-flowered.
Seeds black, glabrous. Flowers large, pure white.
Wrinkled Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
12 I. RENiFORMis (Clioisy, I.e.) creeping, glabrous; leaves
reniform, with sinuately-toothed edges, emarginate ; pedicels
very short, 1-flowered, rarely 2-3-flowered ; sepals small, ovate-
roundish, ciliately jagged. 1/. S. Native of the East Indies ;
as of Bengal, Nopalry, Coromandel, and Island of Timor. Con-
volvulus reniformis. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. Q>7. Conv. Gangeticus,
Lin. amoen. acad. 4. p. 306. no. 121. Evolvulus emarginatus,
Burm. fl. ind. 77. t. 30. f. 1. Evolvulus Gangeticus, Lin. spec,
p. 391. Stem angular at top. Leaves 3-6 lines long. Corolla
small, 5-clcft, yellow ; lobes acute. Seeds glabrous, reddish. —
In sr.me soils this species is found of a dark purple or rusty
colour.
Kidney-shaped leaved Ipomoea. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1823. PI.
creeping.
13 I. RUMiciFOLiA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 447.) stems diffuse, hairy ;
leaves cordately reniform, obtuse at top, also emarginate, gla-
brous, with entire edges ; peduncles axillary, solitary, twin or
tern, 1-2-flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate, hairy. ©. S.
Native of Travancore. Convolvulus hirtus. Wall. cat. no. 2254.
and probably of Lin. Stem diffusely creeping, beset with retro-
grade hairs, which rise from black glands. Leaves an inch long.
Corolla tubular, exceeding the calyx, glabrous.
Dock-leaved Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
14 I. incu'rva; creeping; stems erect, sarmentose ; leaves
broad, linear, emarginate, mucronate, subhastate : lobes linear,
acute, curved in front ; peduncles l-flowered ; sepals nearly
equal, lanceolate. If. S. Native of Guinea. Conv. inciirvus,
Sehum. pi. guin. p. 99. Stem nearly a span high, with filiform
creepers. Corolla white, larger than those of C. arvensis ; with a
dark purple bottom, and a usually mucronate 5-cleft limb; lobes
roundish. Capsule ovate-roundish, 4-valved, usually 1-seeded.
Said to be related to /. emarginata, and /. acetoccefolia.
Incurved-\eBi\eA Ipomoe'a. PI. creeping.
Sect. II. Orthipomce'a (from o^Ooq, orthos, straight; and
Ipomw^a; in reference to the species contained in this section
being erect or diffuse, but never twining.)
* Plants herbaceous.
15 I. TRIDENTATA (Roth. Cat. 2. p. 19. Roem. arch. 3. p.
38.) stems diftlise, filiform ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear, trun-
cate at apex, and often tridentate, but auriculately toothed at
the base ; peduncles 1-flowered, exceeding the leaves ; sepals
ovate, awned. ©. S. Native of the East Indies; at Paga-
mew, Irrawaddi, Ceylon, &c. Convolvulus tridentatus, Lin.
spec. ed. 1. p. 157. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 56. Conv. viscidus,
Roxb. hort. berig. p. 14. Evolvulus tridentatus, Lin. spec. ed.
2. p. 392. Burm. ind. 77. t. 16. f. 3. Conv. I'ndicus, &c.
Plukn. aim. 117. t. 276. f. 5. Conv. minor, &c. Plukn,
mant. 117. t. 167. f. 5. Sendera-Claudi, Rheed. m.al. 11. p.
133. t. 65. Stem herbaceous, angular. Leaves hardly 3-4
lines broad, and an inch long, quite glabrous. Peduncles downy.
Calyx whitish-yellow. Corollas small, yellow.
Tridentate-]ea.\ed Ipomoea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1778.
PI. diffuse.
16 1. filicau'lis (Blum, bijdr. p. 721.) stems diffuse, fili-
form ; leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, on
short petioles, somewhat hastately denticulated at the base ;
peduncles 1-2-flovvered, length of the leaves ; sepals equal,
ovate, or oblong, acuminated, acute. ©. S. Native of the
East Indies ; as of Travancore, Ceylon, Penang, Rangoon, banks
of the Irawaddi, &-c. ; also of China, Japan, New Holland, Java,
Timor; Africa, at the Cape of Good Hope, and in Guinea ; and
of America, in various parts. Convolvulus filicaiilis, Vahl.
synib. 3. p. 24. Schum. pi. guin. p. 92. Conv. hastatus,
Desr. in Lam. diet 3. p. 542. Conv. simplex, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 178. Conv. medium. Lour. coch. p. 106. edit. Willd. 1. p.
130. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 328. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 56. but not of
Lin. Conv. filiformis, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 16. Conv. denti-
culatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 540. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 603.
Conv. angustifolius, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p 547. Vahl. symb.
3. p. 25. Conv. Japonicus, Thunb. jap. p. 85. ? Vahl. symb. 3.
p. 25. Ipomoe'a denticulata, R. Br. prod. 1. p. 485. Ker.
bot. reg. 317. I. angustifolia, Jacq. coll. 2. p. 307. icon. rar.
t. 317. I. Japonica, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 245.? Pers.
ench. 1. p. 184. Tala-Neli, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 113. t. 55.
Conv. linifolius, Wall. cat. no. 1389. Stem branched, angular.
Leaves sometimes 2-3 lines broad, sometimes very narrow ; hind
lobes generally toothed. Pedicels clavate. Corolla pale yellow,
ov yellow. Seeds glabrous.
J'ar. /3, (Sebum, pi. guin. p. 92.) leaves narrow-linear ; teeth
of auricles subsetaceous. ©. S. Native of Guinea.
Thread-stemmed Ipomoea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1778. PI.
1 foot, diffuse.
17 I. Clappertoni (R. Br. in Denh. append, p. 35.) gla-
brous, creeping ; leaves sagittate, having the hind lobes entire,
and acute ; peduncles 1-flowered. 7(.. F. Native of Bornou.
Clapperton s Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
18 I. bidenta'ta ; glabrous, erectish ; leaves linear- hastate,
sessile, having the hind lobes bidentate ; peduncles 1-flowered ;
stem furrowed. If. S. Native of Guinea, in fields ; common
among grass. Stem furrowed. Flowers small, yellow. Nearly
allied to I. filicaiilis, and probably only a variety of it.
BidentatcAeaved Ipomoea. PI. h foot, nearly erect.
19 I. Ature'nsis ; branched, glabrous, twiggy ; leaves scale-
formed ; peduncles 2-flowered, spicate ; sepals lanceolate, ob-
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipom(ea.
267
long, acuminated : the 2 outer ones rather the smallest. 1/ . S.
Native on the sandy banks of the Orinoco, near the cataract of
Ature. Convolvidus Aturensis, H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 9G. Stem dichotomously branched ; branches terete.
Corolla white, glabrous, 3 times longer than the calyx. Capsule
globose, covered by the calyx, size of a pea.
Ature Ipomcea. Fl. March. PI. 1^ foot.
20 I. cAPiLLA^cEA ; stcms nearly simple, erect ; leaves ses-
sile, many-parted ; segments capillary, glabrous ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; calyx
smoothish ; sepals ovate, acute, concave, rugose on the back,
unequal. 1/ . S, Native of New Granada, in the temperate
regions, betwixt Villa San Miguel and the river Putes, at the
altitude of 800 hexapods. Convolvidus capillaceus, H. B. et
Kunlh, nov. gen. 3. p. 97. Root tuberous, milky, turnip-
formed. Plant smootiiish. Corollas funnel-shaped, purple,
glabrous. Perhaps a species of Leptocdllis.
Capillar y-\ea.\eA I pom oca. PI. 1 foot.
211. BiFLORA (R. Br. prod. p. -tS?.) tomentose ; stem
flexuous at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, acute, quite entire,
obtuse at the base ; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; sepals ovate,
acuminated. 1/. ? S. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic, on the sea shore. I. diantha, Roem. et .Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 254-. Conv. flexuosus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612.
Tnojlowered Ipomoca. PI. erect.
22 I. ere'cta (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose, erect; leaves oblong-
linear, obtuse, quite entire ; peduncles usually 1- flowered ;
sepals acute ; capsule 6-valved. 1/ . S. Native of New Hol-
land, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Conv. erectus,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612.
Erect Ipomoea. PI. erect.
23 I. heterophy'lla (R. Br. 1. c.) plant annual, ascending,
smoothish ; leaves oblong, semihastate, entire, obtuse, some-
times pinnatifid at the base, and toothed at top ; peduncles
I-flo«ered, very short ; sepals equal, lanceolate, acuminated.
G- S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea
shore. Ipomoe'a polymorpha, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
254. Convolvulus Brownii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612.
Variahle-leaved Ipomoea. Pi. ascending.
24 I. confe'rta ; stems prostrate, diffVise ; leaves cordate-
sagittate, lanceolate, entire, acute ; petioles scabrous ; flowers
nearly sessile, axillary, crowded ; calyx hairy. ©. S. Native
of Guinea, common in fields. Corollas white.
CVoji'derf-flowered Ipomcea. PI. prostrate.
25 I. hu'milis ; roots creeping ; stem 3 inches high ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, obtuse, thick, entire, glabrous,
petiolate ; peduncles terminal and axillary, elongated, 1 -flow-
ered. 1/ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, and along the coast of
Guinea, on the sea shore. Corollas large, pale red. Habit of
Calystegia soldanella.
Humble Ipomoea. PI. \ foot.
26 I. ovALiFOLiA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 449.) stem erect or pros-
trate, suffruticose ; leaves oval-oblong, acute at the base,
obtuse at tlie apex, and emarginate, on short petioles ; pedun-
cles 3-7-flowered ; sepals unequal. Jj . S. Native of the
East Indies and Sandwich Islands. Convolvulus ovalifolius,
Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 16. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
90. Ip. microphylla. Roth. nov. spec. p. 112. Conv. parvifo-
lius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 611.? Stems terete. Leaves an inch
long, and 5 lines broad. Peduncles twice as long as the petioles.
The 3 exterior sepals ovate, bluntish : the 2 interior smaller,
linear, acute. Corolla glabrous.
Var. a ; glabra (Choisy, 1. c.) stem, leaves, calyxes, and pe-
duncles, quite glabrous.
I'ar. p, pubescens (Choisy, 1. c.) all parts of the plant are
ciliated with long hairs. Ij . S. Native of the Sandwich
Islands, Guinea, and Angola.
Var. y, tomenlosa (Choisy, I. c.) every part of the plant is of
a yellow colour, from intricate, simple, adpressed hairs. H . .S.
Native of the .Sandwich Islands, Guinea, and Angola.
Oval-leaved Ipomcea. Shrub erect.
* * Shrubby or arboreous plants.
27 I. arbore'scens ; arboreous; le.ives ovate-cordate, acute,
clothed with hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; peduncles many-
flowered ; calyx clothed with white wool outside ; sepals oblong,
obtuse, concave, unequal : outer ones the broadest ; seeds
woolly on the angles, fj . S. Native of Mexico, on the western
declivities of the mountains bet» ixt Acaguisotla and Chilpan-
cingo, at the altitude of 600 hexapods, where it is called Guau-
saguate. Convolvulus arborescens, VVilld. enum. 1. p. 204.
Lactescent. Pedicels tomentose. Corolla glabrous, white, purple
inside at the throat.
A rborescent Ipomoca. Tree large.
28 I. macra'ntha ; arboreous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, rounded at the base, glabrous ; flowers axillary,
solitary, pedunculate ; calyx clothed with white wool ; sepals
unequal, oblong, rounded at apex, concave : outer ones broadest.
Vj. S. Native of Mexico, near Guanaxuato and Santa Rosa,
at the altitude of 1100 feet. Convolvulus macranthus, 11. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 95. Branches angular, clothed with white
tomentum while young, as well as the peduncles. Corolla white,
woolly outside.
Large-Jlowered Ipomoea. Tree.
29 I. serpyllifolia ; shrubby; leaves ovate-elliptic, rounded
at the apex, rather downy ; axillary peduncles I -flowered : ter-
minal ones 2-flowered, exceeding the leaves ; caly,x smoothish ;
sepals ovate, acuminately-mucronate, rather concave, nearly
equal, with incumbent edges. h . S. Native of New Spain, in
temperate places, near Moran and Regia, at an altitude of 1250
hexapods. Convolvulus serpyllifolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 95. Bark corky. .Stems tufted, procumbent,
slender, nearly terete, glabrous ; branchlets downy. Leaves 3
lines long. Flowers white, about the size of those of Conval-
laria majal'ts, glabrous. Habit oi Evolvulus nunimularius.
Wild Thyme-leaved Ipomoea. Shrub procumbent.
30 I. rudera'ria ; shrubby ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, re-
tuse at the apex, and mucronate, downy ; peduncles axillary,
usually 3-flowered, twice shorter than the leaves ; calyx gla-
brous ; sepals roundish, acute : the 2 outer ones rather the
shortest, f^ • S- Native of Cuba, among rubbish, near Ha-
vannah. Convolvulus ruderarius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3.
p. 96. Slirub prostrate; branches terete, downy when young.
Leaves 8-9 lines long. Flowers a little larger than those oi
/. serpyllifolia. Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx.
Rubbish Ipomoea. Shrub prostrate.
31 I. floribu'nda ; shrubby, clothed with hoary tomentum ;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminately-mucronate, cordate ; corymbs
axillary, pedunculate, shorter tlian the leaves ; calyx clothed
with woolly tomentum ; sepals oblong, bluntish, concave : the
3 outer ones the largest. ij . S. Native on the banks of the
river Amazon, on hills near Tomependa. Convolvulus floribun-
dus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 96. t. 210. Shrub much
branched ; branches terete. Leaves on long petioles, 2 inches
long. Corolla 4 times longer than the calyx, obsoletcly 5-lobed,
glabrous, blue, size of those of FaUcia repcns.
Bundle-flowered Ipomoea, Shrub 3-4 feet.
32 I. sta'ns (Cav. icon. 3. p. 26. t. 250.) sufl!iuticose ; leaves
M m 2
268
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipom(ea.
ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, sinuately-tootlied, smoothish ;
flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ;
calyx glabrous, sepals unequal, linear, obtuse. I7 . S. Native
of Mexico, near Guanaxuato. Convolvulus stans, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 96. Conv. firmiis, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 613. Corolla campanulate, pale violet, with a whitish
tube and rounded segments.
Standing Ipomcea. Shrub erect.
33 I. PANNOSA (R.Br. 1. c.) tomentose, sufFruticose, erectish;
leaves quite entire, oblong, bluntish, pannosely tomentose ; pe-
duncles 1-flowered; sepals acuminated: the 2 inner ones one
half smaller than the outer ones. Tj . S. Native of New Hol-
land, within the tropic, on the sea sliore. Convolvulus panno-
sus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612.
Cloth-leaved Ipomoea. Shrub erect.
34 I. FiLiFOLius (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
35. under Convolvulus) shrubby, much branched, diffuse ; leaves
very narrow-linear, terete ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short
peduncles ; corolla campanulate. Pj . G, Native of Chili, at
Coquimbo. Calyx 5-cleft ; with linear teeth on the segments.
Corolla blue, an inch broad.
Thread-leaved Ipomcea, Shrub diffuse.
Sect. III. Strophipomce'a (from crrpoipaw, slrophao, to turn
or twist ; and Ipomce'a ; in reference to the twining stems of
the species). Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 450. Stems
twining.
§ 1. Leaves entire, undivided, usually cordate. Capsules gene-
rally large. Anthers usually twisted,
* Stems angular or winged.
35 I. Turpe'thum (R. Br. prod. p. 485.) stems angular, gla-
brous, or a little downy ; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, some-
times entire, sometimes angularly sinuated, or crenated; peduncles
thick, 1-4-flowered, bracteate at apex ; outer sepals the largest,
ovate-roundish. 1/. '^. S. Native of the East Indies, on the
banks of the Hoogly and Ganges ; New Holland ; Timor ;
Otaheite ; Friendly and Marianne Islands, &c. Ker. bot. reg.
279. Roth. nov. spec. p. 111. Convolvulus Turpethum, Lin.
spec. p. 221. Blackw. t. 397. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2093. Wall,
fl. ind. 2. p. 57. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 297. Wight, ill. suppl.
t. 88. Conv. Gaudichaudii and Riedlei, Choisy, mss. — Herm.
lugdb. 177. t. 178. and 179. Conv. velutinus, Wall. cat. no.
1371. — Plenck. off. t. 105. Root thick, purgative. Leaves
nearly glabrous or downy. Corolla campanulate, twice longer
than tlie calyx, white, size of those of Calystegia sepium.
Capsule showy, size of a nut. The bark of the roots is em-
ployed by the natives of the East Indies as a purgative, which
they use fresh rubbed up with milk. About 6 inches in length
of the root they reckon a dose. Cattle do not eat the pla°nt.
The root being free from nauseous taste and smell, gives it a
decided superiority over jalap, for which it might be substi-
tuted. Turpethum is derived from its Arabic name Turbib.
Turpethum Ipomoea. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1752. Plant
twining.
36 I. a'nceps (Roetn. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 231.) stem 4-
winged ; leaves cordate-oblong, somewhat sagittate or ovate,
mucronulate at apex ; peduncles 2-5-flowered, bracteate at
apex ; sepals unequal : 2 outer ovate, villous outside : the 3
inner smaller, oblong. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Bengal, Ceylon,
Java, &c. Convolvulus anceps, Lin. mant. p. 43. Vahl, symb.
3. p. 31. Peduncles and pedicels villous. Capsule large.
Tnio-edged-stemmed Ipomcea. PI. tw.
37 I. tri'quetra (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 231.) stem
downy, triquetrous ; leaves cordate, acute, rather villous ; pe-
duncles 2-5-flowered, bracteate; outer sepals bractea-formed,
ovate, acute, niucronate : inner ones shorter, and rounded at the
apex. X. '^. S. Native of the Islands of Santa Cruz, St.
Thomas, &c. Conv. triquetra, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 30. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 858. Lateral pedicels 2-flowered, middle one 1-
flowered. Bracteas ovate, coloured, downy.
Triq^ietrous-stemmed Ipomoea. PI. tw.
38 Hamiltonii; stems a little winged ; leaves scattered, recurv-
ed, petiolate, cordate-ovate, acuminated, veiny, concave; pedun-
cles usually 1-flowered, at first terete, afterwards 4-winged, and
at length 5-angled ; bracteas sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, a
little coloured, nearly opposite ; flowers large, yellow. 11 . ^.
S. Native of Tobago, near the town of Scarborough. Conv.
alatus, Hamilt. prod. p. 24. This species is said to come nearest
/. anceps, and Conv.Jlavus.
Harnillon's Ipomoea. PI. tw.
* * Stems terete.
39 I. campanula'ta (Lin. spec. 228. Lour. coch. p. 112.)
leaves cordate, acute ; peduncles many-flowered, spicately
branched; sepals equal, ovate-orbicular, glabrous. "H-. '^. S.
Native of the East Indies, Timor, Cochin-china, &c. Convol-
vulus campanulatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 608. Adamboe, Rheed.
mal. 11. p. 115. t. 56. Stem reddish, glabrous, terete, densely
branched, fistular. Leaves glabrous, reticulated with red-fea-
thered nerves, 4-6 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Corolla large,
yellow, ex Lour. Capsule large, globose, glabrous. Seeds
clothed with silky villi.
Campamdate-'doYieved Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800.
PL tw.
40 I. sulphu'rea ; glabrous ? ; leaves cordately-sagittate,
entire ; peduncles 3-flowered, much longer than the petioles ;
sepals glabrous, obtuse, adpressed ; filaments villous at the
base ; anthers twisted into a spire. 2/ . '^. S. Native of
Mexico, on walls at St. Jose de Corral. Convolvulus sulphii-
reus. La Lave, et Lexarza, nov. veg. mex. fasc. 1. p. 17.
Calyx yellowish. Corolla sulphur-coloured, campanulate, with
a 5-plicate limb : each plica composed of 2 roundish crena-
tures. Capsule round, velvety, black.
Sulphur-coXowxed-^owcred Ipomoea. Fl. F^eb. PL tw.
41 I. petaloIdea (Choisy, in mem. soc. pliys. gen. 6. p. 451.)
leaves sometimes saggittately-lanceolate, acute, with sinuated
edges ; sometimes linear, and sometimes ovate ; sometimes
ovate-lanceolate ; often hardly cordate ; sometimes obtuse at
the apex, and mucronulate ; peduncles 1-4-flowered, bracteate,
sometimes numerous, approximate, appearing like a 9- flowered
peduncle; sepals ovate-orbicular; corolla 5-cleft. 1/ . '^. S.
Native of the East Indies ; at Prome ; and Gorukpur ; as well
as of Timor. Convolvulus crispatulus. Wall. cat. no. 1403.
Conv. reticulatus. Ham. herb. Stems terete, glabrous, branched.
Leaves reticulately veined, 2-3 inches long, glabrous. Corolla
3 times longer than the calyx, deeply divided, silky outside,
red. — This is a very variable plant in the leaves. Capsule large,
size of a nut.
Petaloid Ipomoea. PI. tw.
42 I. BUFALiNA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 452.)
leaves cordately sagittate, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered ;
corolla yellow, campanulate. IJ. '^. S. Native of Cochinchina,
in woods. Convolvulus bufalinus. Lour. coch. p. 109. ed.
Willd. 1 p. 134. Stem woody, scandent, glabrous. Corolla
large, campanulate. Capsule large, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Anthers
filiform, spirally twisted.
CONVOLVULACEvE. XIV. Ipomcea.
269
Buffalo's IpomcEa. Shrub tw.
43 I. pelta'ta (Choisy, 1. c. 6. j). 452.) leaves peltate ; pe-
duncles long, many-flowered ; sepals ovate-elliptic, obtuse ;
corolla yellow, c.impanulate. Ij . '^. S. Native of Java, Am-
boyna. Society Islands, and Bourbon. Convolvulus peltatus,
Lin. spec. p. 221. Forst. prod. p. 78. Ipomoe'a nymphiaetblia,
Blum, bijdr. p. 719. — Rumpli. amb. 5. p. 428. t. 157. Stem
terete, black, glabrous. Leaves glabrous, 3-4 indies long, entire,
furnished with rufous hairs in the axils of the petioles. Pedun-
cles branched at the apex ; Howers spicate, on short pedicels.
Corolla large, inflated. Anthers woolly. Stigma large. Cap-
sule large.
PeltateAeaved Ipomcca. Shrub tw.
§ 2. Leares cordate, entire. Capsules and sejials middle-sized.
Flowers capitately aggregate.
44 L pilea'ta (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 94.) leaves cordate, acumi-
nated ; peduncles hardly equal in length to the petioles ; flowers
.3-0, sessile, in a boat-shaped, perfoliate, involucrum ; bracteas
obovate, hairy ; sepals rather unequal. ©. '^. S. Native of
the East Indies, China, &c. Convolvulus pileatus, Roxb. ex
Wall. cat. no. 1376. Spreng. syst. 4. p. 61. Ipomoe'a peltata,
Heyne, herb. Stems villous, slender. Leaves Ik inch long,
often glabrous, but sometimes downy. Petioles and peduncles
villous. Corolla rose-coloured, funnel-shaped. Seeds glabrous.
Nearly allied to /. involucrata.
Cap Ipomcea. PI. tw.
45 I. involucra'ta (Beauv. fl. d. ow. 2. p. 52. t. 89.) plant
downy ; leaves cordate, quite entire, acutish : hind lobes round-
ed ; peduncles many-flowered : flowers surrounded by 2 large
involucrum-formed perfoliate bracteas. ©. '^. S. Native of
Guinea, among bushes. Conv. involucratus, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 600. Pedicels short, unequal. Corolla large, red.
Incolticrate-Ronered Ipomoca. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1822.
PI. tw.
46 I. perfolia^ta ; leaves cordate, villously tomentose,
having the hind lobes roundish and subacuminated ; flowers ca-
pitate, involucrated by one perfoliate leaf; sepals downy : the
3 outer ones lanceolate, and the 2 inner ones setaceous at the
apices. 'J/.? ©. ? '^. S. Native of Africa, at Aquapim.
Conv. perfoliatus, Schura. pi. guin. p. 89. Stem filiform, pilose.
Peduncles covered with retrograde villi. Corolla campanulate,
plicate, red, with villous angles ; lobes of the limb emarginate.
.Stigmas villous.
Perfoliate Ipomcea. PL tw.
47 I. BREViFLORA (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 100.) glabrous;
leaves sagittately-cordate ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ;
flowers subumbellate, involucrated ; outer sepals plieately
wrinkled, mucronate. ©. '^. S. Native about Essequibo, in
humid j)lantations. Stems angular, scabrous from scattered
rigid hairs. Corolla large, purple.
Short-jloncred Ipomcea. PI. tw.
48 I. capitella'ta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 457.) stem pilose; leaves
cordate, acuminated, pilose ; peduncles equal in length to the
petioles ; bracteas unequal, obtuse, ovate-linear ; flowers aggre-
gate, umbellate; sepals linear-lanceolate, very acute. ©.'^. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Mungger, &c. Ipomoe'a tamni-
folia, Burm. ind. p. 50. but not of Lin. Conv. capitellatus,
Ham. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2250. Hairs on the stem glan-
dular at the base. Peduncles hairy. Corolla violaceous, tubu-
larly campanulate, villous outside. Seeds glabrous.
/^trt(/«/- flowered Ipomcea. PI. tw.
49 I, trichoce'phala ; stem and peduncles pilose ; leaves
cordate, acuminated, sometimes a little angular ; heads of
flowers involucrated by bracteas, 2 of which are larger than the
others ; flowers crowded, sessile ; calycine segments linear,
acute, ciliated with long fuscous hairs. %. '^. ,S. Native of
Guayaquil, (v. s. in herb. Ruiz, et Pav.)
Hairij-headed Ipomcea. PI. tw.
50 I. Guinee'nsis ; leaves cordate, acuminated, with a
few scattered hairs above, but clothed with rusty hairs beneath
on the veins ; petioles, peduncles, and calyx, hairy. 11 .1 ©. ?
'^. S. Native of Guinea. Conv. Guineensis, Sebum, pi. guin.
p. 90. Stems herbaceous, pilose. Flowers crowded into heads,
which are involucrated by leaves. Peduncles length of leaves.
Corollas blue, size of those oi Lysimachia, nummularia. Lobes
of stigma thick, recurved. Capsule size of a pea. Seeds
naked. Said to be allied to /. ciliatus. Perhaps a species of
Jaequemontca.
Guinea Ipomcea. PI. tw.
51 I. tamnifolia (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 885.) plant pilose;
leaves cordate, acuminated ; peduncles axillary ; flowers aggre-
gate, on the tops of the peduncles ; bracteas linear, hair)', invo-
lucrating ; sei)als linear, subulate. ©. '^. S. Native of Caro-
lina, in hedges ; and on the banks of the Mississippi. Pursh.
fl. amer. 1. p. 146. Conv. tamnifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 602. —
Dill. elth. p. 428. t. 318. f. 410. Corollas small, tubular, blue ;
segments of the limb roundish, spreading ; capsule glabrous.
Tamnus-leaved Ipomoe'a. Fl. July. Clt. 1732. PI. tw.
52 I. atropurpu'rea (Choisy, 1. c. p. 457.) stem hispid;
leaves cordate, acuminated, hispid, very acute, petiolate ; pedun-
cles thick, hardly half an inch long; bracteas 9-12, unequal,
lanceolate, acute ; flowers capitate ; sepals lanceolate, very
acute, hairy. ©. '^. S. Native of Nipaul. Convolvulus
atropurpiireus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 54. asiat. rar. I. p. 38. t. 43.
Ipomce'a sphserocephala, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 98. Hairs
on the stem retrograde. Corolla oval, hispid before expan-
sion, at length tubularly campanulate, 18 lines long, dark
purple.
Dark-purjile-^oviereA Ipomcea. PI. tw.
53 I. sessiliflo'ra (Roth. nov. spec. p. 117. Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 243 ) stem beset with retrograde bristles ;
leaves cordate, ovate-lanceolate, or sagittate ; flowers axillary,
sometimes only 1-3 together, but sometimes 4-12 together,
almost sessile, or on very short pedicels ; sepals acuminately
subulate; corollas small; capsule usually villous. ©. ^. S.
Native of the East Indies, in several parts ; as of Nipaul,
Madras, Bengal, &c. ; Coromandel, Tranquebar ; and of the
Cape Verd Islands. Convolvulus sessiliflorus, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 599. Conv. hispidus, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 29. Conv. spha;ro-
cephalus. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 53. Conv. tamnifolius, Klein, in
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. Ipomoe'a sphserocephala.
Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. but not of D. Don. Conv. curtana,
Ham. herb. Conv. cynanchilolius. Wall. cat. no. 1399. Conv.
hirtus, Wight, herb. Conv. patuhis, Ham. herb. Leaves 1-3
inches long, entire, or sinuated on the edges. Flowers small,
rose-coloured. There is also a variety of this with white
flowers, in round sessile heads.
Sessile-Jtowered Ipomcea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1816. Plant
twining.
54 I. barda'ta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 458.) stem very pilose ;
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, entire, woolly beneath, rounded at
the base ; flowers axillary, 7-9 together in a capitate fascicle,
which is involucrated by very long, linear, incurved bracteas.
I^ • '^. S. Native of the East Indies ; at Rangoon, in Pegu,
Donabew ; and on the banks of the Irawaddi. Convolvulus
barbatus. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 45. t. 155. cat. no. 1391.
Stem beset with rusty silky hairs. Leaves 5-12 inches long,
furnished with long hairs above, which are glandular at the
270
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipom<ea.
base. Corolla an inch long, contracted at the base, pale yellow,
tinged with red inside.
Bearded Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
55 I. )'olyca'rpa ; stems downy ; leaves ovate-oblong, mu-
cronate, cordate, downy above, canescent and tomentose beneath ;
umbels axillary, nearly sessile, shorter than the leaves ; sepals
ovate, acuminated, downy, nearly equal. If.. '^. S. Native of
Mexico, near Regla and Omitla, at the altitude of 1100 hexa-
pods. Convolvulus polycarpus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3.
p. 98. Stem terete, downy. Leaves obtuse, mucronate, 10
lines long, and 4 broad. Umbels 6-8-flowered. Corolla funnel-
shaped, of a violaceous rose-colour, glabrous ; limb plicately 5-
toothed. Capsule glabrous.
Many-fruited Ipomoea. PI. tw.
56 I. polya'nthes (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 234.) leaves
cordate, acute, glabrous, on longish petioles ; umbels peduncu-
late. %.'^.S. Native of Martinico, St. Domingo, Jamaica,
and Cuba, about theHavannah. Conv. umbelliitus, Lin. spec. p.
2^\. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 555. — Plum. icon. 88. t. 102.
Petioles furnished with 2 stipulas at the base, which run down
the stem. Peduncles rather angidar, thickened at the apex.
Corollas small, yellow, with a tinge of green, very like those
of a species of Primula. Capsule clothed with silky yellow
tomentum.
Manyjlon'ered I[wmoea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Plant
twining.
57 I. PRiMUL.EFLORA ; suffVuticose, downy ; leaves cordate,
acute, with the hind lobes obtuse ; petioles pilose ; peduncles
long, many-flowered ; flowers umbellate. I; . '~^. S. Native of
Sierra Leone, on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Flowers
small, yellow.
Primrose-flowered Ipomoea. Shrub twining.
58 I. VERRUCOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 718.) leaves cordate-ovate,
acute, ciliated, smooth ; peduncles elongated, thick, bearing
umbels ; sepals oval, nearly equal : outer ones warted ; stems
downy. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Java, in marshes near Batavia.
Flowers dark purple, with a lilac limb.
I'ar. /i ; leaves spotted.
Warted Ipomoea. Fl. Year. PI. tw.
§ 3. Leaves cordate, hastately cordate, or hastate, rvlth entire
edges. Flowers not crowded Into heads. Capsules and sepals
middle-sized.
* Peduncles I -flowered.
■f Leaves cordate.
59 I. Sine'nsis (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 469.)
plant very hairy ; leaves cordate, acute, mucronulate, hairy on
both surfaces ; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ;
outer sepals cordately cuneated at the base, acuminated at
the apex. ©. ^. H. Native of China. Convolvidus Sinen-
sis, Desr. in Lara. diet. 3. p. 557. Conv. Ser, Spreng. syst. I.
p. 598. Stem terete, beset with retrograde white hairs. Leaves
.'i-4 inches long, and 2-3 broad ; hind lobes approximate. Inner
sepals lanceolate, acute. Corolla campanulate.
China Ipomoea. PI. tw.
60 I. albive\'ia ; stems tomentose ; leaves roundish-cor-
date, somewhat repand, having the veins elevated and woolly
beneath; peduncles l-flowered, shorter than the petioles, but
the flowers are much longer than the leaves ; calyx glabrous :
the 2 outer sepals larger, and the 3 inner obtuse. H . '^. S.
Native of Algoa Bay. Conv. albivenius, Lindl. bot. reg. 1116.
Adult stems nearly glabrous, tubercular. Flowers terminating
the branchlets, solitary. Corolla large, having the tube dirty-
white outside, and purple inside ; limb white, with obcordate
lobes, and yellow plicae.
IVhlte-velnedleaveA Ipomoea. Clt. 1824. Fl. Sept.
61 I. ochra'cea ; stems terete, pilose; leaves cordate, acu-
minated, entire, and are, as well as the petioles, pilose ; pedun-
cles pilose, l-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; calyx downy,
with nearly equal, ovate-acute sepals. O. '^. S. Native of
Guinea, on the gold coast. Conv. ochraceus, Lindl. bot. reg.
t. 1060. Limb of corolla flat, with apiculated, crenulated
lobes. Stigma small, capitate. Corolla of orange-yellow colour,
having the tube deep purple inside. Nearly allied to /. ob-
scura, Ker. bot. reg. 239. but that plant is glabrous.
Oc/iraceoMs-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. tw.
62 I. DISCOLOR ; stems striated, downy ; leaves ovate, deeply
cordate, obtuse, mucronate, very soft, pubescent above, but
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; peduncles l-flowered,
longer than the leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, downy. 1/ . '^.
S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Carichana,
where it is called by the natives Corazonclllo. Conv. discolor,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 105. t. 212. Conv. leuco-
phy'llus, VVilld. herb, ex Rcem. et .Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301.
Leaves an inch long ; hind lobes rather diverging. Peduncles
downy. Corolla violaceous, downy outside, funnel-shaped. A
decoction of the leaves of this species is used in gonorrhoea by
the natives.
Dlscoloured-]eaved Ipomoea. PI. tw.
63 I. ciliola'ta (Pers. ench. 1. p. 183.) glabrous ; leaves
finely cordate, with the edges a little ciliated ; peduncles rather
long, l-flowered; calyx bractless ; sepals broad-oval, obtuse;
corollas tubularly-campanulate. If."^. H. Native of Tennessee,
at Knoxville. Ip. ciliosa, Pursh, fl. amer. 1. p. 146. Conv,
ciliolatus, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 137.
Ci/«a(«/-leaved Ipomoea. PI. tw.
64 I. solanifolia (Lin. spec. 226.) leaves cordate, acute ;
peduncles ) -flowered, solitary, equal in length to the leaves.
$ .^. S. Native of America. VVilld. spec. 1. p. 881. Convol-
vulus solanifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 596. Quamoclit solani-
folia, flore roseo. Plum. spec. 3. Burm. amer. icon. 94. f. 1.
Tourn. inst. p. 116. Corolla tubular, rose-coloured. Genitals
exserted. Leaves acuminated. Perhaps a species of Quamoclit.
Solanum-leaved Ipomosa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Plant
twining.
65 I. pu'lchra (Blum, bijdr. p. 716.) leaves cordate-ovate,
mucronulate, entire, smooth above, and rather downy beneath ;
peduncles l-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ;
sepals roundish, rather silky. !{.. ? '^. S. Native of Java, and
the Moluccas. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, purplish.
Far. jo ; leaves acuminated, with a mucrone ; peduncles
longer than the petioles. !<; • ? ^. S. Native of the Island of
Timor.
Fair Ipomoea. Fl. Year. PI. tw.
66 I. leuca'ntha (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 280. icon. rar. 2. t. 318.)
glabrous; leaves cordate, acuminated; peduncles 1 -flowered;
solitary, shorter than the leaves ; sepals broad, short, acutish.
©. ^. S. Native of tropical America. Scop, del insub. fasc. 2.
t. 4. Willd. spec. 1. p. 881. Conv. leucanthus, Desr. in Lam.
diet. 3. p. 541. Ip. Phiiadelphica, Hort. Leaves sometimes
repand. Corolla white, hardly twice as long as the calyx, which
is acuminated. Seeds blackish-brown.
While-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1823. Plant
twining.
67 I. aculea'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 715.) glabrous ; leaves
roundish-cordate, acuminated, entire; peduncles axillary, shorter
than the petioles, thickened, l-flowered ; sepals roundish ; tube
of corolla elongated ; stem triquetrous, and prickly at bottom.
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipomcea.
271
1/ . ? '^. S. Native of Java, in tlie province of Tjangor, on the
Parang mountains, among bushes. Said to be allied to /. tubu-
Ivsa. Corolla with a white limb and green rays.
Prklclij Ipomoca. Fl. July. PI. tw.
68 I. MELANOSTiCTA ; downy ; leaves roundish-ovate, deeply
cordate, with an acutish recess, and very blunt lobes, wliich are
acutish or mucronate at the apex, downy, and dotted with black
beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; sepals
nearly equal, suborbicular, obtuse, mutic. If. ? '^. S. Native
of the Island of St. Thomas. Conv. mclanostictus, Schlecht, in
Linnaa. (i. p. 7.'i7. Corolla large, with a funnel-shaped limb
and ciliated margins.
Black-dolted-\ea\ed Ipomcea. PI. tw.
69 I. tu'ba; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, acuminated, deeply
cordate: hind lobes obtuse; peduncles bractless, 1-flowered;
sepals nearly equal, obtuse, mucronulate ; corolla large, with a
long cylindrical tube, and a funnel-shaped limb. J^ . ? '^. S.
Native of the Island of St. Thomas. Conv. tiiba, Schlecht, in
Linucxa. 6. p. 735. Stigmas orbicular. Seeds villous.
Tube-fiowered Ipomcea. PI. tw.
70 I. lute'ola (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves cordate, acu-
minated, quite entire, hardly an inch long ; peduncles usually
1-flowered; sepals acute ; corolla yellow. Tl.l'^.S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. I. Brownii,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 252.
l'e//o7!'(»A-flowered Ipomosa. PI. tw.
71 I. ABRu'pTA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 485.) glabrous; leaves cor-
date, acutish, having the recess at the base closed ; peduncles
l-flowered, hardly equalling the petioles in length ; sepals equal,
oval, obtuse. IJ..'! '^. S. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic. Conv. abriiptus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 596.
Abrupt-leaved Ipomcea. PI. tw.
72 I. SiBiRicA (Jacq. coll. 3. p. 304.) smooth ; stem trian-
gular ; leaves cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 1-2-flowered,
shorter than the leaves ; calyx bractless, ovate. 0. '^. H.
Native of Siberia. Pers. ench. 1. p. 183. Conv. Sibiricus,
Lin. mant. p. 203. Conv. rupestris. Pall. itin. 3. p. 723. t. k,?
Leaves hardly repand. Stipulas small, running down the stem.
Corolla white, or very pale red, with a yellow bottom, campanu-
late, one-half smaller than those of Conv. arveiisis.
Hibcrian Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1779. PI. tw.
73 I. Curassa'vica (Roem. el Schultes, syst. 4. p. 237.) gla-
brous ; stems angular ; leaves roundish-cordate, thickish, nerved
and pale beneath, rather repand ; peduncles 1-flowered, thick-
ened, bractless, shorter than the lower leaves, and longer than
the superior ones ; calyx subtubercled ; sepals ovate, adpressed.
■2{. '^. S. Native of Curassoa. Corolla white, verging to a
cream-colour, smaller than those of Conv. arveitsis. Capsule
glabrous.
Curassoa Ipomcea. PI. tw.
74 I. ALALIA (R. Br. prod. p. 48 4.) glabrous ; leaves cor-
date, acuminated, entire ; petioles margined ; peduncles tetrago-
nal, 1-flowered, winged on the angles; bracteas caducous. 1/.?
'^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea
shore. Conv. alatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 596.
/l/nCTfrf-peduncled Ipomcea. PI. tw.
■}• f Leaves hastately and sagHlatelij cordate or hastate, or
sagittate.
75 I. ora'cilis (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves hastate, bi-
glandular beneath at the base, acute at both ends ; peduncles 1-
flovvered ; sepals wrinkled, acute, 3 times shorter than the co-
rolla ; seeds bearded at the umbilicus. Tf..?'^. S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Conv. gra-
cilis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 004. — There are varieties of this
plant with pilose stcitis, and having the hind lobes of leaves
bluntish.
Slender Ipomcea. PI. tw.
7C I. plebe'ia (R. Br. 1. c.) downy; leaves hastately cordate,
acuminated, entire : hind lobes rounded ; peduncles 1 -flowered,
shorter than the petioles, bibracteate near the base ; sepals
equal, acuminated, pilose ; capsule glabrous ; seeds woolly.
1/. ? '^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Conv.
plebeius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. C04.
Plebeian Ipomoca. PI. tw.
77 I. sAGiTTyTiFOLiA (Ker. bot. reg. 437.) glabrous ; leaves
oblong-sagittate, the hind recess very deep, and the hind lobes
somewhat acuminated ; peduncles 1-flowered ; sepals roundish-
oval ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped. 1/ . '^. H. Native
from Virginia to Carolina, in wet situations, among bushes.
Convolvulus sagittaefolius, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 138.
Pursh. fl. 1. p. 144. Conv. speciosus, Walt. fl. car. p. 93.
Conv. formosus, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 343. — Catesb. car. 1. t. 35.
Flowers large, of a beautiful rose-colour.
Arrow-leaved Ipomcea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1819. Plant
twining.
78 I. SETOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 714.) leaves cordate, or sub-
hastately cordate, acuminated, entire, downy above, and rather
villous beneath ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, equal in length to the
petioles ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminated, setigerous ; stem
covered with retrograde hairs. 1/ . '^. S. Nativeof Java, among
bushes on the mountains. Flowers purplish. Perhaps a species
of Pharbitis.
Bristly Ipomcea. Fl. Year. PI. tw.
79 I. Ja'lapa (Schiede et Deppe, mss.) glabrous ; stems
angular; leaves membranous, perfectly glabrous, and even on
both surfaces, cordate-sagittate, acuminated : hind lobes rounded,
obtuse, quite entire; peduncles 2-flowered, longer than the ])e-
tioles ; sepals lanceolate, obtuse, rather unequal ; tu'ie of corolla
long, narrow, twice as long as the limb, which is nearly entire
and spreading. If. ^. S. Native of Mexico, in the woods
of Chiconquiaco, from whence it is brought to Vera Cruz
by the inhabitants of Jalapa. The plant is called Purga
and Laschacltne in Mexico. Convolvulus Jalapa, Houst. mss.
in Miller, diet. ed. 8. no. 31. Lin. mant. 1. p. 43, but not
of others. Ipomoe'a Purga, Wenderoth. Ipomce'a Schiedeana,
Zucc. Stems purplish. Leaves often purplish beneath. Co-
rolla long, tubular ; tube ventricose above, constricted a
little at the throat ; with a flat limb, and cxserted genitals.
Anthers oblong, emarginate at both ends. The leaves are said
to be variable in shape by Miller, who reared some plants from
seeds sent by Houston, in 1733, in the Apothecaries' Garden at
Chelsea. The peduncles generally bear 2 flowers, one of the
flowers always much earlier than the other. Houston and
Miller seem to be the only authors who knew the plant which
produces the true Jalap of the shops ; as the plant generally
described, cultivated, and known as such, is a very distinct spe-
cies, and appears to be only a purple-flowered variety of /pomce'u
macrorhlza of Michx. This plant is found principally in the
neighbourhood of Jalapa or Xalapa, hence the name. It abounds
also on the eastern slope of the Cordillera of Anahuae ; and
in the same latitude is procured the Vanilla and Sarsaparitla.
From 200,000 to 300,000 lbs. are annually exported from Vera
Cruz. Although the root forms a well-known and valuable
cathartic, which is perhaps more generally employed than any
other of vegetable origin, it was not until lately tliatthe genus to
which it belongs was accurately ascertained. In its wild state,
the plant delights in a dry sandy soil. The dried root of jalap is
imported in thin, transverse slices, and in round masses ; it is
solid, hard, and heavy, of a dark grey colour. It has a sickly
smell, and a sweetish, subacid, nauseous taste. Powdered it is
1
272
CONVOLVULACEiE. XIV. Ipomcea.
of a pale yellow brown colour. Jalap, when dear, is often adul-
terated with scammony, gamboge, briony root, &c. Jalap is an
active purgative, which can always be relied upon, and would be
administered much more often were it not for the disagreeable
eft'ects produced by it, as nausea and griping. It is, notwith-
standing, a safe medicine, and, combined with other purgatives,
has been proved by Dr. Hamilton to be of eminent use in
typhus, scarlatina, cynanche maligna, marasmus, chorea, and
tetanus. Added to the supertartrate of potass, it is called com-
pound powder of jalap ; and much good has been effected by a
judicious and persevering use of this preparation in dropsical
cases. The alcoholic extract, when good, is a more active pre-
paration than the former, exerting its effects in doses of 10 or 12
"rains. Jalap is best given in substance, in doses from 10
grains to half a drachm, combined with a drop or two of any
essential oil. Mr. Hume, of Long-Acre, is said to have disco-
vered a vegeto-alkaline principle in jalap, and proposes to call it
jalapine.
Jfl/np Ipomcea. Fl. ? Clt. 1733. Shrub tw.
* * Peduncles many-Jlorvered, unihellately-racemose, umbellate,
corymbose, ^-c.
80 I. siDSFOLiA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 459.) glabrous; leaves cor-
date-ovate, or roundish-acuminated, smooth ; jieduncles niany-
ffowered, leafy, umbellately racemose, efjualling the petioles in
length, or exceeding them ; outer sepals sliorter, all witli white
scarious edges ; corolla whitish-yellow. Ij . '"'. S. Native of
the Caribbee Islands, Mexico, and Ceylon. Also gathered in
the gardens of TenerifTe, Cimiana, and Calcutta ; but is pro-
bably only indigenous to Ceylon. Conv. Domingensis, Desr.
in Lam. diet. 3. p. 554. Conv. sidaetolius, H. 13. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 09. Conv. mnltiflorus, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p.
100. Conv. (Ipomoe'a) Zeylanica, Moon, ex Wall. cat. no.
1379. Conv. leevicaulis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 303. Conv. poliferus, Willd. 1. c. p. 302. — Sloane,
jam. 1. p. 153. t. 97. f. 2. — Young branches rather downy.
Leaves rarely rather downy, 2-3 inciies long, and 1-2 broad.
Bracteas small, linear, ciliated, or glabrous. Corolla campa-
nulate, glabrous, white, viith a yellow bottom, and marked
with 5 black spots. Capsule surrounded by a membrane at the
base. Seeds downy, rufous. There are varieties of this having
the flowers more or less numerous, the leaves glabrous or
downy, and the sepals more or less unequal.
Sida-leared Ipomcea. Shrub tw.
81 1. Staphylina (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 249.") plant
suffruticose, glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, rather cordate,
acute, glabrous ; flowers racemosely panicled ; sepals equal,
very blunt, ovate-roundish ; corolla tubularly cylindrical. 1/ .
'^. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Coromandel, Penang,
Pondicherry. Ipomce'a racemosa, Roth. nov. spec. p. 115. but
not of Poir. Conv. Malabaricus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 49. but
not of Lin. Conv. racemosus, Rottler and other authors; but
not of Spreng. Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 302.
Conv. Kleinii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 606. 4. p. 61. Conv. maxi-
mus. Ham. herb. Conv. polyanthus. Wall. cat. no. 1378.
Branchlets rough, blackish. Leaves 3 inches long and 2g broad.
Racemes 2-3 inches long, many-flowered. Corolla 6-12 lines
long, rose-coloured. Seeds woolly.
Staphylina Ipomcea. Shrub tw.
82 I. CALiGiNosA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 461.) glabrous; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, mucronulate, deeply cordate at the base ; pedun-
cles axillary, shorter than the leaves, cymnsely corymbose ;
sepals coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, surrounding the fruit. %.? '~^.S.
Native of the East Indies. Conv. cahginosus. Keen. mss. in
R. Br. herb. Stem blackish. Leaves 3 inches long and 1-J
broad. Corolla glabrous, longer than the calyx. Seeds brown,
silky.
Obscure Ipomcea. PI. tw.
83 I. CYMosA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 462. but not of
Meyer. Choisy, 1. c. p. 461.) stem terete; leaves ovate-cor-
date, acute at the apex, also acuminated, elongated, blackish
above ; peduncles axillary, bifidly many-flowered, short ; sepals
coriaceous, obtuse, rarely acutish, darkish yellow : the exterior
ones usually the shortest, l^."^. S. Native of the East Indies,
almost everywhere. Conv. cymosus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p.
556. Conv. bifidus, ft. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 31. Conv. lasVis
minor, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 431. t. 158. Conv. blandus, Wall.
fl. ind. 2. p. 50. t. 70. Ipomoe'a bifida. Roth. nov. spec. p.
118. Ip. corymbosa, Roth. 1. c. p. 109. Ip. Heynei, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 237. Ip. blanda. Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288.
Conv. Lotuoha, Ham. herb. Conv. multiflorus. Wall. mss.
Stem blackish. Leaves 1-3 inches long, and 6-18 lines broad,
glabrous. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, pure white, an
inch long, glabrous : lobes bearded at top. Seeds rufous, hairy.
Far. ft, pilosa (Choisy, 1. c. p. 4G2.) plant hairy, or downy.
1/ . '"'. S. Native of the East Indies, Conv. cymosus, ft.
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 550. Conv. bifidus, Vahl, symb. 3.
p. 30. Conv. Rothii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. Conv. Ise'vis
mas. Rumph. amb. 5. p. 431. Conv. pentagonus, Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 72. Ipomoe'a bifida, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 241.
Ip. Rothii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 237. Ip. cymosa.
Roth. nov. spec. p. 116. Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 50. Conv.
blandus, ft. pubescens, Roxb. Conv. blandus, ft. major, Wall,
mss. Seeds hairy.
Far. y, sagittato-anguldta (Choisy, 1. c. p. 463.) leaves sagit-
tate, angular. 1/ . ^. S. Native of Java. Ip. radicans, Blum,
bijdr. p. 712. ? Leaves form of tjiose of var. ft.
Far. S, culla (Choisy, 1. c.) stem rather downy ; leaves cor-
date-ovate ; peduncles 3-12-flowered ; corolla glabrous; all
parts of the plant more elongated. !{.. ^. S. This is a culti-
vated variety.
Cymoie-flowered Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. tw.
84 I. VELUTiNA (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose; leaves cordate, ob-
tuse, entire, soft, having the recess at the base, rather truncate;
peduncles many-flowered ; sepals glabrous, obtuse. 1/ . ? '^. S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore.
Conv. velutina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 601.
Felvely Ipomcea. PI. tw.
85 I. conge'sta (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose; leaves cordate,
acuminated, entire, soft; peduncles many-flowered: pedicels
crowded ; sepals ending in subulate awns : inner ones smaller.
If..? ^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the
sea shore. Conv. congestus, Spreng. syst. 1, p. 601.
Crorvded-Rowered Ipomcea. PI. tw.
86 I. uuceola'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose; leaves cordate,
rather reniform, entire ; cymes many-flowered, nearly sessile ;
sepals equal, pilose, orbicular, obtuse; tube of corolla urceolate,
subovate. •y..'^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Conv. urceolatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 601.
Urceolate-Rov. ered Ipomoea. PI. tw.
87 I. DUMETORUM (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 789.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, much acuminated, cordate,
having the hind lobes angularly toothed, and diverging ; pedun-
cles axillary, dichotomous, 5-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
sepals ovate, acutish, glabrous, wrinkled, nearly equal. O- ^•
S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes of Quito. Conv.
dumetorum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 101. Stem angu-
larly striated. Pedicels rather rough. Capsule globose, gla-
brous.
Bush Ipomoea. PI. tw.
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipom(ea.
2T.i
88 I. ALtissiMA (Bertero, mss.) arboreous ; leaves cordate-
oblong, mucronate, clothed with silky villi beneath ; peduncles
terminal, twin ; bracteas remote, and are, as well as the calyxes,
coloured, obtuse, and mucronate. ^. S. Native of Hispa-
niola. Convolvulus altlssimus. Sprang, syst. 1. p. 613. This
and the following species ought probably to have followed
/. sidns, no. 32, p. 267, from their upright habit.
Tallest Ipomoea. Tree.
89 1. PAREIR^FOLIA ; shrubby ; leaves ovate, truncate at the
base, acuminated, quite entire, hoary beneath, and reticulated
with veins ; peduncles cymose, 4-flowered ; sepals obtuse ; tube
of corolla elongated. 1^ . S. Native of New Granada. Con-
volvulus pareirsefolius, Spreng. syst. 1 p. 613.
Pare'ira-leaved Ipomoea. Shrub.
90 I. CANDICANS ; glabrous ; leaves cordate, acuminated,
rather downy beneath ; peduncles many flowered, bractless ;
outer sepals nerved, obtuse. 1/ . ? '^. H. Native of North
America ? Conv. candicans, Sol. mss. ex Sims, bot. mag.
t. 1603. Corolla lari^e, white, with a purple throat; lobes
rounded, plicae mucronate.
Whitish l^omcesi. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1776. PI. tw.
91 I. ru'bens (Choisy, 1. c. p. 463.) stem downy ; leaves
cordate, acuminated, usually glabrous above, but clothed with
grey down beneath ; peduncles stiff, much exceeding the pe-
tioles, umbellately many-flowered ; sepals ovate, acuminated, or
lanceolate, mucronate, equal ; corolla showy, purple. 7/ . '"'. S.
Native of the East Indies, as of Silhet, Gualpara, Pirgum, &c.
Conv. rubens. Wall. cat. no. 14'^1. Conv. bifidus, Ham. herb.
Conv. Gualpara, Ham. herb. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and
nearly as broad at the base. Umbels 5-8-flowered. Corolla
campanulately tubular, 15 lines long, red, glabrous.
yar. /J, lanata (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves roundish-cordate, short-
acuminated, clothed with woolly tomentum on both surfaces, but
especially beneath; stem villous. %. '^. S. Conv. glandu-
losus. Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 2252.
Reddish- Aovierei\ Ipomoea. PI. tw.
92 I. sepia'ria (Konig. mss. ex Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 90.) stem
alternately glabrous and villous from loose hairs ; leaves cor-
date-oblong ; peduncles many-flowered ; sepals oblong-ovate,
acute, or obtuse ; corolla showy, tubularly funnel-shaped. % . ?
'^. S. Native of the East Indies, everywhere ; Timor, China,
and Java. Ip. striata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 183. Roth. nov.
spec. p. 111. Conv. maximus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 26. Lin.
suppl. p. 137. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 49.? Conv. marginatus,
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 558. Conv. striatus, Vahl. symb. 3.
p. 28. Conv. hastatus, Heyne, herb. Conv. incrassatus.
Wall. cat. no. 13S6. Land 2. Tiru-tali, Rheed. raal. 11. p. 109.
t. 53. — This species differs from the preceding in the peduncles
being always many- flowered, and in the corolla being longer.
Corollas large, of a beautiful rose-colour ; white, with a brown
bottom, ex Vahl.
Var. /3, sagittata (Choisy, 1. c. p. 465.) leaves sagittate, also
somewhat 3-lobed. If.. '^. S. Native of the East Indies.
Ipomoe'a spherica, Roxb.
//erfg-e Ipomoea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PI. tw.
93 I. Cumane'nsis ; plant clothed with rusty tomentum ;
leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated ; peduncles few-flowered,
about equal in length to the leaves : the 3 outer sepals large,
ovate, acute: the 2 inner lanceolate-oblong, acuminated. %.
'^. S. Native of America, in the province of Cumana, in shady
places of Laguna, Chica, and Golfo de Cariaco. Conv. Cuma-
nensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. araer. 3. p. 99. Stems terete.
Leaves Is inch long and 1 broad. Peduncles 3-4-flowered.
Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, blue, glabrous. Nearly
allied to Conv. nodijlorus, Lam.
Cumana Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
VOL. IV.
94 I. cane'scens ; plant clothed with canescent tomentum ;
leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated ; peduncles many-flowered,
about equal in length to the leaves ; sepals downy : 3 outer ones
large, ovate, acuminated : the 2 inner ones lanceolate, acumi-
nately subulate. ^ . '^. S. Native of America, between Car-
thagena and Mount La Papa, in hot sandy places. Conv.
eanescens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 99. Leaves 1 inch
long and 8-9 lines broad, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath.
Flowers nearly sessile, in capitate heads. Corolla campaiiulate,
5-plicate, longer than the calyx, pale blue. — This and /. Cuma-
nensis might form a distinct genus, from the form of the calyx,
according to Kunth, 1. c. This and the following species ought
probably to have been placed under § 2. p. 269. from their capi-
tate or umbellate inflorescence.
Canescent Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
95 I. sAGiTTiFER ; plant smoothish ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated, deeply cordate-sagittate at the base, glabrous,
except on the veins beneath, which are downy : hind lobes
roundish, diverging ; umbels pedunculate, one half shorter than
the leaves ; sepals glabrous, roundish, nearly equal. 1^ . '~*. S.
Native of Cuba, near Havannah, in moist places. Conv. sagittifer,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 100. Conv. Caracasanus,
Schlecht, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. Conv. Havan-
ensis, Willd. herb. Leaves 3 inches long. Umbels 6-7-flow-
ered. Corolla yellow, ex Bonpl. glabrous. Capsule glabrous.
Arrow-bearing Ipomoea. PI. tw.
96 I. Booote'nsis ; stem branched, angular, clothed with
canescent villi and retrograde hairs ; leaves ovate, deeply cor-
date, acuminated, beset with silky strigse above, and hoary
tomentum beneath ; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the
leaves ; sepals silky, hispid, oblong-lanceolate, subulately-acu-
minated, nearly equal. h . ? '^. S. Native of New Granada,
on high plains, near Santa Fe de Bogota, at the altitude of 1370
hexapods. Conv. Bogotensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p.
104. Leaves 2 inches long ; hind lobes approximate. Pedim-
cles and pedicels villous. Corolla purple, downy outside, to-
wards the apex, twice longer than the calyx. — Perhaps a species
oi rharbltis. Capsule glabrous.
Bogota Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
97 I. ABUTiLoiDEs; branches terete, hoary from down; leaves
roundish-ovate, cordate, acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; corymbs axillary, trichotomous,
longer than th.e leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, smoothish. tj .
'^. S. Native of Quito, near Guayaquil, on the shores of the
Pacific. Conv. abutiloides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 106. Leaves 3 inches long ; hind lobes diverging. Petioles
biglandular at apex. Peduncles and pedicels downy. Corolla
funnel-shaped, violaceous, size of those of Calystegia sepium,
downy outside; lobes of limb emarginate. Capsule 1 -celled, 1-
seeded, crowned by the base of the style, and girded by the calyx.
Ahutilon-like Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
98 I. ca'rnea (Jacq. amer. p. 26. t. 18. pict. t. 25.) leaves
roundish-cordate, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered ; corollas
emarginate; sepals small, roundish. 1/ . '^. S. Native of
America, near Carthagena, where it is called Campanilla. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 883. Conv. carneus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 602. All
parts of plant glabrous. Leaves obtuse, mucronate, or acumi-
nated. Peduncles subracemose. Corolla pale red, 3 inches
long. Capsule tetragonal, 4-celled. Seeds black.
Flesh-coloured-dov/ered Ipomoea. PI. tw.
99 I. viola'cea (Lin. spec. 1. p. 229.) leaves cordate ; flowers
crowded: corolla undivided. ©. '^. S. Native of South Ame-
rica. Conv. violaceus, Spreng. syst. l.p. 599. Quamoclit foliis
amplissimis cordiformibus. Plum. spec. 3. icon. 03. f. 1. —
Sloan, jam. p. 55. hist. 1. p. 155. t. 98. f. 1. Flowers large,
purple. Conv. I'ndicus, Mill. diet. no. 5. ?
N N
274
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipomcea.
Fiolaceous-Aowered Ipomcca. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1792.
PI. tw.
100 I. coRYMBosA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 220.) leaves cordate;
peduncles umbellate; stem creeping. Tf.. '^. S. Native of
tropical America, Lin. ; St. Domingo, and the East Indies,
Heyne. Conv. corynibosus, Lin. spec. p. 225. Desr. in Lam.
diet. 2. p. 555. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 89. f. 2. mss. vol. 2. t. 50.
Leaves like those of Calystegia sepium, 2-3 inches long, thin.
Corolla white, spreading ; star of limb of 5 white rays.
Capsule turbinate, 1 -celled, 2-3-seeded. Seeds roundish,
brown.
Var. ft ; petioles stipulate at the base. If.. '^. S. Native of
Cayenne, Bonpl.
Corymbose-^oviereiX Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823.
PI. creeping.
101 I. amce'na (Blum, bijdr. p. 718.) leaves roundish-cordate,
acuminated, quite entire, very soft on both surfaces ; peduncles
elongated, cymosely many-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nated, spreading : outer ones the largest. %.''. '^. S. Native
of the Moluccas. Corolla purple.
Pleasant Ipomoea. Fl. Nov. PI. tw.
102 I. multiflo'ra (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 234.) leaves
cordate, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered ; seeds rusty, vil-
lous. ©. l/.*^. S. Native of Jamaica. Conv. multiflorus. Mill,
diet. no. 15. — Plukn. phyt. t. 167. f. 1. Stems slender.
Flowers racemose, on long peduncles. Corolla purple. Cap-
sule trigonal, 3 -celled ; cells 1 -seeded. — Perhaps a species of
Batatas.
Many-Jlonered Ipomoea. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. tw.
103 I. TRi'coLOR (Cav. icon. 3. p. 5. t. 208) glabrous ; leaves
cordate, acuminated ; flowers axillary, subumbellate ; peduncles
thicker than the stem ; calyx fleshy, pentagonal ; sepals keeled.
O. '^. S. Native country unknown. Conv. venustus, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 600. Calyx of a dark violet colour. Corolla with
a 5-lobed, crenulated blue limb and a whitish tube, having the
inside angles spotted with red.
T/iree-cofowrcd- flowered Ipomoea. PI. tw.
104 I. Osyre'nsis (Roth. nov. spec. p. 220. Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 2.j9.) shrubby ; leaves cordate-ovate, ob-
tuse, undivided, glabrous above, but clothed with dense, silky
tomentum beneath ; flowers subcapitate, almost sessile, mi.xed
with oblong-lanceolate bracteas ; corolla oblong-campanulate,
strigose outside; stem tomentose. 1/.? '^. ? S. Native of
the East Indies, in Osyre, where it is called Mala-Er'ikaliga.
Conv. Osyrensis, Heyne. Stigma capitate, didymous, tuber-
cled.
Osyre Ipomoea. Shrub twining.
105 I. RACEMOSA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 634.) stem terete, grey,
downy ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, coriaceous, downy be-
neath ; flowers racemosely panicled ; pediuicles hispid ; brac-
teas downy, concave, lanceolate, involving the calyx and ex-
ceeding it ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous. Tj . '^. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Conv. racemfisus, Sprenij. syst. 1. p.
600. Leaves 2 inches long, clothed with white silky down be-
neath. Peduncles beset with numerous short hairs. Corolla
white, with a thick cylindrical tube, twice as long as the brac-
teas ; limb short of 5 acute lobes.
iJoce>«Oie-flovvered Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
106 I. FERRUGiNEA (Ro2m. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 240.) plant
clothed with rusty tomentum ; stem terete ; leaves ovate-cor-
date, acute ; peduncles axillary, 4-flowered ; sepals unequal :
the 3 outer cordate, acuminated, and the 2 inner shorter and
lanceolate, t; . '^. S. Native of South America. Conv. ferru-
gineus, Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 17. Willd. spec. 1. p. 858. Petioles
length of leaves. Leaves linear above. Peduncles length of
petioles. Corolla unquicular, blue. Stigma thickened, ex Vahl.
Rusty Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
107 I. heterophy'lla ; twining, rather downy ; leaves has-
tately 3-lobed : lobes acute, entire ; peduncles many-flowered ;
sepals equal, oblong, acute. 2/ . '"'. S. Native of Guinea.
Conv. diversifolius, Schum. pi. guin. p. 94. but not of Choisy.
Stems filiform, hairy. Leaves glaucous, as well as downy be-
neath. Peduncles naked, usually 7-flowered. Corolla campa-
nulately funnel-shaped, size of C. sepium, white, with a viola-
ceous throat ; limb obsoletely 5-lobed. Seeds tomentose.
Various-leaved Ipomoea. PI. tw.
108 I. VENTRicosA (Bert, in Coll. hort. rip. p. 37. under Con-
volvulus') glabrous ; leaves broad-cordate, acuminated, quite
entire, glabrous ; peduncles generally 4-flowered, bracteate ;
calyxes acute, coriaceous, ventricose. 0. '^. S. Native of
Guadaloupe, in gardens ; but originally introduced from the
Island of St. Bartholomew. Corolla large, white, funnel-shaped,
glabrous.
Fen^n'cose-calyxed Ipomoea. PI. twining.
109 I. Hooke'ri ; glabrous; leaves on long petioles, deeply
cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 3-4-flowered, thickened, and
somewhat racemose ; sepals small, erect, adpressed, linear-subu-
late, margined with white ; corolla large, funnel-shaped, with a
very short tube, and a 5-angled limb ; having the angles mucro-
nate. ^ . '^. S. Native of Mexico, in the province of Gua-
naxuato. Ipomoe'a riibro-ccerulea. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3297.
Corolla white in the bud, with the limb of a rich lake-red, which
when the flower is fully expanded, becomes of a fine purplish
blue. Filaments hairy. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. This is pro-
bably a species of Rivca.
Hooker's l])omoea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1830. Shrub tw.
* * * Peduncles generally 3-Jlowered.
110 I. obscu'ra (Ker. bot. reg. t. 239. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 236.) stem herbaceous, interruptedly glabrous, and vil-
lous from hairs ; leaves cordate, acuminated, glabrous ; pedun-
cles exceeding the petioles, 1-3-flowered ; pedicels thickened,
bracteate ; sepals oblong-ovate, sometimes obtuse, sometimes
acuminated. 0. '^. S. Native of the East Indies, every-
where. Ip. solanifolia, Burm. ind. p. 49. Ip. insuavis, Blum,
bijdr. p. 716. Conv. obscurus, Lin. spec. p. 220. Burm. ind.
44. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 52. Conv. gemellus, Vahl, symb. 3.
p. 27. — Dill. elth. 98. t. 8.3. f. 95. Conv. trigoniis. Ham. herb.
Ip. gemella. Roth. nov. spec. 240. Bracteas lanceolate, acute,
glabrous ; calyx glabrous. Corolla campanulate, glabrous, 3-4
times longer than the calyx, yellow, with a purple throat ;
lobes emarginate. Seeds downy.
Jar. ft, glabra (Choisy, 1. c. p. 464.) stem glabrous ; pedi-
cels equal ; seeds sometimes clothed with grey down, and
sometimes glabrous. ©. '^. S.
Obscure Ipomoea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. PL tw,
111 I. tria'ntha (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 243.) gla-
brous; leaves cordate-lanceolate, attenuated, glabrous, obtuse;
peduncles 3-riowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals obtuse.
©. ? '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Conv. triflorus, Vahl,
symb. S. p. 30. Leaves 2 inches long, rounded and mucronate at
apex ; hind lobes obtuse, very rarely angular. Pedicels bract-
less, angular. Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx ; lobes
pilose at apex.
Three-Jlonered Ipomoea. PI. tw.
112 I. triflora (Forsk. egypt. p. 44.) glabrous; leaves cor-
date, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. ©.
'^. S. Native of Arabia, in Hadje. Gmel. syst. p. 343. Vittm.
summ. 1 . p. 440. Corolla pale yellow ; limb undivided, an inch
in diameter.
Three-Jloivered Ipomoea. PI. tw.
113 I. Weinma'nni (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 245.)
CONVOLVULACEiE. XIV. Ipomcea.
275
pilose ; leaves cordate, acute ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-
flovvered, shorter than the leaves. ©. '^. S. Native of Bengal.
I. Schultesii, VVeinm. in litt. Leaves ciliated. Sepals equal, 3
outer ones sagittately cordate, the 2 inner ones linear. Corolla
small, white ; segments ovate, acute. Capsule 3, rarely 4-
seeded. Seeds clothed with brown hairs.
Weinmann's Ipomcea. PI. tw.
114 I. glauce'scens ; glabrous; leaves ovate, cordately has-
tate, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, having the hind lobes diverg-
ing ; peduncles axillary, '2-3-flo\vered, shorter than the leaves ;
sepals oblong, obtuse, mucronulate under the apex, wrinkled,
glabrous, nearly equal. ©. '~*. S. Native of Quito, near
Chilo, at the altitude of 1350 hexapods. Conv. glaucescens,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 101. Stem angular. Leaves
2 inches long. Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, of a violaceous
purple colour, size of those of Conv. arvensis.
Glaucescent Ipomcea. PI. tw.
115 I. Meye'ri ; leaves cordate, acuminated, smoothish ; pe-
duncles very short, 2-flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate, cuspi-
date, parted to the base, hairy. !{..? '^. S. Native country
unknown. Convolvulus Meyeri, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 597. Conv.
cuspidatus, Willd. herb.
Meyer's Ipomcea. PI. tw.
116 I. irichoca'i.yx ; leaves cordate, acutely acuminated,
niucronate, smoothish, somewhat ciliated ; stem, petioles, and
peduncles hairy ; peduncles short, 3-flowered ; calyx hairy ;
sepals ovate-acute, or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. — Native
of Guinea. Conv. trichocalyx, Schum. pi. guin. p. 91. Stems
herbaceous, hairy or glabrous. Lateral pedicels bracteate :
middle one naked. Corolla like that of C. arvensis, cream-
coloured, with a purple bottom. Capsule globose. Seeds clothed
with black tomentum. Limb of corolla flat, with 5 small inci-
sures.— Nearly allied to /. gemella.
HuWy-calyxed Ipomcea. PI. tw.
117 I. erioca'rpa (R. Br. 1. c.) downy; leaves cordate, lan-
ceolate, acuminated, entire; peduncles 2-3-flowered, very short;
sepals acuminated, and are, as well as the capsules, pilose. "H-.l
^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea
shore. Conv. eriocarpus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 398.
Woolly-fruited Ipomcea. PI. tw.
118 1. parasitica; stem muricated with prickles; leaves
roundish, deeply cordate, acuminated, downy on the veins on
both surfaces, ciliated ; peduncles 3-flowered, shorter than the
leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, mucronate, smoothish, nearly equal.
!{.. '^. S. Native near Caraccas. Conv. parasiticus, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 103. Conv. circinnatus, Willd.
rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 302. Stems angular, beset
with retrograde hairs and deciduous prickles. Leaves 2 inches
long : hind lobes approximate. Peduncles and pedicels downy.
Corolla funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx, blue, covered
with adpressed down towards the base. Seeds angular. Cap-
sule glabrous. Perhaps a species oi Pharhltis.
Parasitical Ipomcea. PI. tw.
119 I. supe'rba ; stem angular, beset with retrograde strigse ;
leaves roundish-ovate, deeply cordate, acuminated, beset with
strigose hairs beneath, ciliated ; peduncles usually 3-flowered,
twice as long as the leaves ; sepals oblong, acuti^h, hispid,
nearly equal. % . '^. S. Native of New Spain, betwixt Agua-
sarca and the burning mount Jorullo, at the altitude of 550 hex-
apods. Conv. superbus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 103. Conv. sanguineus, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 302. Leaves 2 inches long, beset with adpressed
scattered hairs above ; hind lobes approximate. Peduncles and
pedicels beset with retrograde bristles. Corollas funnel-shaped,
purple, downy outside, 3 lines longer than those of/, purpurea.
Perhaps a species oi Pharbitis.
Superb Ipomcea. PI. tw.
120 I. MOLLIS ; stems compressed, roughish; leaves roundish-
ovate, cordate, acuminated, strigose above, and clothed with soft
down beneath ; peduncles 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
sepals rattier downy, oblong-lanceolate, subulately acuminated,
nearly equal. 1/ . ^. S. Native of New Andalusia, near
Cumanacoa. Conv. mollis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 104. Conv. cynanchifolius, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 301. Leaves hardly 3 inches long; hind lobes di-
verging. Peduncles and pedicels rather downy. Corolla viola-
ceous, downy outside. Perhaps a species of Pharbilis.
Soft Ipomcea. Shrub tw.
121 I. petiola'ris ; stem angularly furrowed, muricated with
prickles ; leaves roundish-ovate, deeply cordate, acuminated,
glabrous, on long petioles ; peduncles 3-Howered, shorter than
the leaves ; sepals oblong, subulately-acuminated, glabrous,
nearly equal. %. '^. S. Native of Mexico, on the burning
mount Jorullo, near the volcano, at the altitude of GOO hexa-
pods. Conv. petiolaris, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
105. Plant glabrous. Leaves 4 inches long ; hind lobes ap-
proximate. Petioles 5 inches long. Corolla funnel-shaped,
violaceous, glabrous.
Long-petioled Ipomcea. PI. tw.
122 I. lila'cina (Blum, bijdr. p. 716.) leaves cordate, acu-
minated, with a mucrone, downy above, soft beneath ; peduncles
2-3-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ; sepals
acute, downy. %.'^. S. Native of Java, about Batavia, in
grassy bogs. Flowers lilac. Said to be allied to /. gemella,
Roth.
Lilac-Rowerei Ipomcea, Fl. Year. PI. tw.
123 I. Batatilla : branches terete, clothed with hoary to-
mentum ; leaves ovate, obsoletely cordate, acuminated, downy
above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles
terminal ? and axillary, usually 3-flowered, shorter than the
leaves ; sepals roundish obtuse, downy : the 3 outer ones rather
the smallest ; seeds comose. I? . '^. S. Native near Cumana,
Caraccas, and in the valleys of Aragua, where it is called by the
natives Batatilla, Conv. Bataiilla, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 106. Leaves 2 inches long. Petioles blglandular
at apex. Corollas funnel-shaped, downy outside, of a violaceous
rose-colour ; lobes of limb emarginate. Capsule glabrous, 4-
celled? 4-valved ? Cells 1-seeded. Seeds size of the nuts of
Cornus mascula, black, trigonal.
Batatilla Ipomcea. Shrub tw. 6 feet high.
124 I. verticilla'ta (Forsk. descr. p. 44.) decumbent,
hairy ; leaves cordate, bluntish, with a short mucrone, the
veins beset with a few hairs above in the young state; pe-
duncles axillary, tern, from all the axils, reflexed, 1- flowered,
angular ; sepals ovate, acute, hispid, glabrous in the old state,
but ciliated. 1/. '^. S. Native of Arabia Felix. Vahl, symb.
3. p. S3. Willd. spec. 1. p. 883. Convolvulus Forskoe'lii,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 596. Peduncles bracteate. Capsule size of
a pea, glabrous. Seeds clothed with silky tomentum.
Whorled-^oviered. Ipomcea. PI. decumbent.
§ 4. Leaves cordate at the base, often 3-lobed, with toothed or
repand edges ; sometimes varying in the same plant, with entire,
angular, or toothed edges. Flowers not crowded into heads.
Capsules and sepals middle-sized.
125 I. acuta'ngula (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. II. t. 1 I.'i.
f. b.) leaves sagittately triangular, having the angles toothed be-
hind ; peduncles 3-5-flowered, length of leaves ; stems terete.
©. '^. S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Chincao and Pozuzo.
Leaves on long petioles. Bracteas subulate at the divisions of
the peduncle. Corolla funnel-shaped, scarlet ; limb middle-
sized, with a lobed margin. Perhaps a species of Qudmoclit.
N n 2
276
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. IpoMfEA.
Acute angled-leaved Ipomoca. PI. tvv.
126 I. Herma'nni;e ; leaves oblong, acute, sagittately cor-
date, sinuately repand towards the base, clothed with silky to-
mentum on both surfaces, hoary; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered,
longer than tlie leaves ; sepals ovate, acuminated, downy, nearly
equal. %.'^.S. Native near Truxillo, on the shores of the
Pacific. Conv. Hermanniac, Llier. stirp. nov. fasc. 4. p. 67. t.
33. Ruiz, et Pay. fl. per. 2. p. 10. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
J. p. 98. Willd. spec. 1. p. 862.
Hermann s Ipomoea. PI. tw.
127 I. stipula'cea (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. gen, 6. p. 466.) smooth; leaves cordate-sagittate;
auricles usually repand, glabrous ; petioles bistipulate at the
base ; peduncles 3-6-flowered, equal in length to tlie petioles ;
sepals ovate, equal, concave. %. '~^. S. Native of Chittagong.
Conv. stipulaceus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 71. Stems terete, creep-
ing at base, and twining at apex. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
Stipulas recurved, acute. Peduncles and pedicels clavate. Co-
rollas showy, white, with obcordate lobes. Capsule globose.
Seeds clothed with olive-coloured wool.
Stipulaceous l])omosa.. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1805. PI. tw.
128 I. pulche'lla ; glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, much acu-
minated, hastately cordate, angularly toothed at the base ; pe-
duncles axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; sepals
oblong, obtuse, glabrous, nearly equal. ©• '^. S. Native of
Peru. Conv. pulchellus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen 3. p. 101.
Conv. pauciflorus, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
302. Stems rather angular. Hind lobes of leaves diverging.
Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, purple, size of those of Conv.
arvensis. Capsule globose, glabrous.
Neat Ipomcea. PI. tw.
129 I. suffu'lta ; hairy; leaves roundish-ovate, acuminated,
deeply cordate, angularly toothed; peduncles 1 -flowered, propped
each by a cordate bractea or leaf; sepals oblong, acutely acumi-
nated, glabrous: outer ones rather the smallest. 'Jf.. '^. G.
Native of Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo, at the altitude
of 580 hexapods. Conv. suffYdtus, H, B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3.
p. 103. Peduncles distant, solitary, on the axils of the upper
leaves or bracteas. Corolla funnel-shaped, size of those of
Calystegia sepium, glabrous, purple. Stigmas granular.
Propped Ipomcea. PI. tw.
130 1. fastigia'ta (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288.) glabrous ; leaves
cordate, acuminated and mucronulate, entire, sinuated, fiddle-
shaped, or 3-lobed; peduncles exceeding the petioles, 3-12-
flowered, cymose ; sepals lanceolate, niucronately awned ; outer
ones the shortest. %. '^. S. Native of the West India Islands,
Guiana, and Bengal. I. platanifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 220, exclusive of the syn. of Plukn. Ip. cymosa, Meyer, ess.
p. 99, but not of Roth. Conv. fastigiatus. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p.
48. Conv. platanifolius, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 26. Conv. Esse-
quibensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. — Feuill. per. 3. p. 16. t. 1.
Stems terete. Stolons long, creeping along the earth. Leaves
2-,'i inches long. Corolla showy, purple, glabrous. Capsule
smooth. Seeds glabrous. Leaves, like the young branches, often
tinged with purple, particularly the margins, veins, and nerves.
Far. ft; stem angular; peduncles elongated, few or many-
flowered ; sepals short, or long-awned ; also the leaves and
veins are downy.
Fastlgiate l^omeea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. tw.
131 I. denticula'ta (Choisy, in. mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 467.)
glabrous ; leaves cordately hastate, quite glabrous : auricles
obtuse, and laterally unidentate ; peduncles l-flowered, shorter
than the petioles ; sepals ovate, obtuse, sometimes mucronulate.
%. '^. S. Native of the island of Rawak, and the Society
Islands, &c. Conv. denticulJltus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 540.
Conv, Isevigatus, R. Br. herb. Stems terete. Leaves obtuse,
mucronulate, 1-2 inches long. Corolla l| inch long, glabrous,
with a hardly spreading limb. This species varies with many-
flowered peduncles, and in the auricles being rounded.
Denticidated-\e&\eA Ipomoea. PI. tw.
132 I. pudibu'nda ; glabrous ; leaves cordate, entire, and 3-
lobed, acuminated ; peduncles many- flowered, shorter than the
petioles ; sepals ovate, acute, somewhat foliaceous ; limb of
corolla 5-lobed. 0. ^. S. Native of St. Vincent. Convol-
vulus pudibundus, Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 999. Corolla of a fine
rose-colour ; tube subcylindrical, inflated.
Blush I'pomrxa. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. tw.
133 I. Montevide'nsis; leaves hastate, lanceolate, smoothish ;
auricles divaricate, emarginately angular ; peduncles 2-flowered,
exceeding the petioles; sepals scarious. If.?'^. S. Native
of Monte Video. Convolvulus Montevidensis, Spreng. syst, 1 .
p. 604.
Monte-Video Ipomoea. PI. tw.
134 I. Deppea'na ; downy; leaves sagittate at the base,
sinuately toothed on the margins, mucronate ; peduncles 1-
flowered, twice as long as the leaves, bibracteate near the apex ;
bracteas linear, obtuse ; sepals unequal, obtuse. 1^ . ? '^. S.
Native of Mexico. Conv. sinuatus, N. E. in herb. Lamb.
Flowers large, purple.
Deppe's leaved Ipomoea. PI. twining.
135 I. Marianne'nsis (Choisy, I. c. p. 468.) glabrous; leaves
cordate, acuminated, sometimes entire, sometimes 3-lobed and
trifid : intermediate lobe dilated at the base ; peduncles 3-4-
flowered, exceeding the petioles ; sepals lanceolate, very acute,
ciliately hairy. %. '^. S. Native of the Marianne Islands.
Auricles of leaves entire or lobed. Corolla tubular, hardly 3
times longer than the calyx, glabrous. Capsule pilose. Root
tuberous. Nearly allied to /. triloba.
Marianne Island Ipomoea. PI. tw.
136 I. piLt)sA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, I. c.) hairy;
leaves broadly cordate, entire, or a little 3-lobed, clothed with
white wool beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles, cymosely
many-flowered ; sepals linear, hairy. ©. '^. S. Native of
Mysore, Bengal, at Patturghata. Conv. pilosus, Wall. fl. ind. 2.
p. 55. Rottl. in act. n. c. berol. 4. p. 196. Conv. albicans.
Wall. no. 1401. Stems terete. Bracteas oblong-lanceolate.
Corolla tubular, hardly twice as long as the calyx, glabrous,
rose-coloured, or pink, expanding an inch. Capsule globose,
glabrous. Seeds villous on the angles.
Pilose Ipomoea. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815. PI. tw.
137 I. Ait6nii (Hort. ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1794.) villous ;
leaves cordate-roundish, 3-lobed : lobes acute ; peduncles many-
flowered, longer than the petioles, having the bracteas and sepals
diverging and acuminated; coi-olla canipanulate, with a thickened
tube; stamens glandular at the base. %. '^. S. Native
country unknown. Flowers densely aggregate. Bracteas
length of sepals ; sepals longer than the tube of the corolla.
Corolla middle-sized, violaceous : lobes acute.
Alton s Ipomoea. Fl. April. Oct. Clt. ? PI. tw.
138 I. geme'lla (Roth, nov. spec. p. 110. Choisy, I. c. p. 469.)
plant clothed with grey down ; leaves cordate, acuminated, en-
tire, or somewhat 3-lobed, clothed with grey villi beneath ; pe-
duncles much exceeding the petiole--, loose, generally 2-flowered,
sometimes dichotomously many-flowered ; sepals coriaceous,
obtuse, with sub-lacerated edges; corolla striated. ©. '^. S.
Native of Tranquebar, Java, Manilla, banks of the Irawaddi, &c.
Conv. gemellus, Burm. ind. 46. t. 21. f. 1. Conv. aftinis, Wall,
cat. no. 1385. Conv. subangularis, Ham. herb. Stem terete,
villous, or smoothish. Leaves Ig inch long, and 1^ broad, gla-
brous, green on the upper surfiice, except the middle nerve.
Corolla twice longer than the calyx, marked with converging
black stripes ; lobes acute, spreading.
CONVOLVULACEiE. XIV. Ipomcea.
277
rjj'iri-flowered Ipomoea. PI. tvv.
139 I. ciiRYSEiDEs (Ker. bot. reg. t. 270.) stem twisted;
leaves oblong-cordate, subhastaie, entire, or often angular, also
3-lobed, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles stiff", exceeding the
petioles, 2-7-flo\vered ; sepals coriaceous, rayed with green,
ovate retuse, niucronulate ; corolla small, yellow. %. '^. S.
Native of the East Indies, as of Silhet, banks of the Irawaddi,
Soaddi, Goalpara, Segaen, Coromandcl, Bengal ; China, and
Timor. Ip. dentata, Willd. herb, ex Koeni. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 789. ex Klein. Conv. chryseules, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598.
Conv. dentatus, Vaht, symb. 3. p. 25. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 62.
cat. no. 1349. Conv. luteolus, Wight, herb. Conv. flavus.
Ham. herb. Stem terete and striated, glabrous, downy at the
insertion of the leaves. Leaves 12-24 lines long ; lateral lobes
dentately serrated. Petioles warted. Capsule 4-angled, gla-
brous. Seeds red, downy, under a lens.
^ar. p ; stem villous; hairs straight, much crowded at the
base of tiie petioles, as well as on the middle nerves of the leaves.
GoWe/i-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. tw.
140 I. WiGHTii (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 470.)
villous ; leaves cordate, acuminated : lower ones oblong, with
sinuately toothed edges ; younger ones 3-lobed ; all woolly and
rusty above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; pedun-
cles exceeding the petioles, 2-5-flovvered ; sepals oblong-linear,
awned, very acute, hairy. If.. '^. S. Native of the Nellighery
mountains. Conv. Wightii, Wall.pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 55. t. 171.
Conv. gossypinus, Wall. cat. no. 1407. Conv. lanuginosus,
Heyne, herb. Stem terete, beset with retrograde hairs, as well
as the petioles. Leaves 1-3 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Brac-
teas like the sepals, but larger. Corolla campanulate, rose-
coloured, glabrous. Capsule downy. Seeds glabrous. Nearly
allied to Ip. tricolor, Desr.
Wight's Ipomoea. PI. tvv.
141 I.sagitta'ta (Poir. diet. 4. p. 17.) glabrous ; leaves cor-
dately sagittate; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves,
rarely 2-flowered ; sepals linear-elliptic, obtuse. If..'^. S. Na-
tive on the banks of lakes, about the Calle, and the bastions of
France, in Barbary, ex Poiret ; abundant about Castellon, in
Valentia, in humid places, ex Cav. Poir, voy. in barb. 2. p.
122. edit. germ. 2. p. 160. t. 3. Lam. ill. t. 104. f. 2. Cav.
icon. 2. p. 4. t. 107. descr. p. 98. Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 177.
Conv. Wheleii, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 36. Willd. spec. 1. p. 845,
exclusive of the syn. of Plukn. aim. p. 113. t. 85. f. 3. Conv.
Valentinus, Hort. — Tourn. inst. p. 82. Lower leaves cordate, 3
inches long, and I inch broad. Corolla large, of a reddish pur-
ple colour. Capsule globose. Seeds brown, angular.
SagHlate-\e^\e(!i Ipomoea. PI. tw.
142 I. LACUNOSA (Lin. spec. ed. 3d. 228.) glabrous; leaves
cordate, acuminated, angular at the base : lower ones obscurely
repand ; peduncles short, generally 1-flowered; calyx pilose ;
sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; corolla tuljular, short. 2/ .'^. H.
Native of Virginia, Carolina, and Florida; rather abundant on
the banks of the Arkansas, ex Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s.
5. p. 195. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 140. Pursh, fl. amer. 1.
p. 145. Conv. Iacuii6sus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 597. — Dill. elth.
p. 103. t. 87. f. 102. Nearly allictl to Ip. coccinea ; but the
peduncles are 1 or 2-flowered ; the corollas with a thicker
white tube; and purplish rim, not scarlet, ex Lin., and in the
Arkansas plant white, ex Nutt., short, and somewhat campanu-
late. Nearly allied to 1. triloba, e'X. }>l\c\vA. Lobes of corolla,
which is tubular, nearly straight, ending in small setaceous mu-
crones. Capsule globose, rather hairy.
iacuHO«e-leaved Ipomoea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI.
twining.
143 I. ARisTOLOCHi.EFOLiA ; glabrous ; leaves ovate, much
acuminated, having the hind lobes dentately angular and diverg-
ing ; peduncles 3-flowcred, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-
oblong, acute, glabrous, wrinkled at the base, nearly ecpial ;
capsules ovate-conical. 1/. '^. G. Native of Caraccas, and
La Venta de la Cumbre, in rather cold places. Conv. aristolo-
chisefolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 102. Stem
angularly striated, rather scabrous ; branchlets downy. Leaves
glabrous, but when young downy above, 2 inches long. Corolla
funnel-shaped, glabrous, with a white tube, and a violaceous
limb. Capsule glabrous.
Aristolochia-leaved Ipomoea. PI. tw.
144 I. panduua'ta (Ker. bot. reg. 588.) downy ; leaves
broad-cordate, entire or lobed, panduriform ; peduncles long ;
flowers in fascicles ; sepals glabrous, mutic ; corolla tuhularly-
campanulate. If..'^. H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in
sandy fields, and among bushes. Convolvulus panduralus,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 138. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 144. — Dill,
elth. t. 85. f. 99. Root thick, turnip-formed. Corollas white.
There is a variety of this, with double flowers, cultivated in the
gardens of America, which is a singular circumstance among
Convolvulaceous plants. The roots grow to an enormous size,
sometimes as thick as a man's thigh, and more than 2 feet long.
Taken in place of jalap, it has the same effect, only in a less
degree. A variety, with entire leaves, is very common on the
banks of the Arkansas, ex Nutt.
Fiddle-shaped-\eai\eA Ipomoea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1732.
PI. tw.
145 I. SETiFERA (Poir. ency. 6. p. 17.) branches villous ; leaves
cordately auriculate, glabrous ; peduncles usually 2-flowered ;
sepals large, ovate-oblong, glabrous, ending each in a bristle.
©. ? '^. S. Native of Guiana. Conv. setifer, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 597. Plant glabrous. Auricles of leaves rounded. Corolla
large, campanulate, purplish or reddish.
Bristle-bearing Ipomoea. PI. tw.
146 I. macrorhiza; downy ; leaves cordate, entire or lobed,
plicately wrinkled, rather tomentose beneath ; peduncles 1-3-
flowered ; sepals oval, mutic ; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed ;
seeds woolly ; root very thick. %. '~^. G. Native of Georgia
and Florida, near the sea-shore. Ip. Jalapa, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 146. Ker. bot. reg. t. 342. Conv. macrorhiza, Michx.
fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 141. Pers. ench. 1. p. 184. Poir. diet. 6.
p. 17. I. Michauxii, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. Flowers very
large, white. Tiiis is the Jalap of North America.
Far. (i, rubra ; stem tubercular ; peduncles many-flowered ;
sepals ovate, obtuse, downy ; filaments tomentose at the base ;
fj . '^. S. Native of Mexico, about Vera Cruz, &c. Conv.
Jalapa, Lam. ill. t. 104. f. 2. Pers. ench. 1. p. 179. Woodv.
med. bot. p. 59, with a figure. Plenk, off. t. 94. Desf. ann.
mus. 2. p. 126. t. 40-41. Sims, bot. mag. 1572. I. Jalapa,
Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. Conv. Jalapa, (j, r6sea, Ker. bot. reg.
t. 621. Root very large, white inside, milky, flesliy, form of
a turnip. Stems villous at top. Corolla having the tube vio-
laceous inside, and lilac or pale red outside : limb purple.
Stigma depressed, 2-lobed.
Large-rooted Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1815. PI. tw.
147 I. Owarie'nsis (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 41. t. 82.) stems,
peduncles, petioles, and calyxes, beset with stiff hairs ; flowers
axillary, umbellate ; leaves cordate, toothed, sublobate, beset
with stiff" hairs; sepals ovate, acuminated. 'H..'^. S. Native
of Guinea, about the town of Waree. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 634.
Conv. Owariensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 594. Leaves on long pe-
tioles: lobes roundish. Pedicels simple, 1-flowered, unequal,
crowded together. Corolla small, campanulate, red; lobes short,
obtuse.
IVaree Ipomoea. PI. twining.
148 I. catha'rtica (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 633.) glabrous; leaves
cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated; peduncles generally 1-flowered;
■2:8
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipomcea.
tube of corolla sub-cylindrical, inflated.- — Native of St. Domingo,
in liumid places. Conv. Africanus, Nicols, hist. nat. st. dom.
J). 5!G0. Stems twining, but sometimes rooting along tlie ground.
Leaves large, on long petioles ; lobes unequal. Corolla an inch
long, pale green ; limb large, 5-lobed, with 5 lanceolate rays
beneath. Stamens unequal, shorter than the corolla.
Calhartic Ipomoea. PI. tw.
149 I.Fu'Nis(Cham.etSchlecht. inLinnsea. 5. p. 1 1 8.) shrubby ;
smoothish ; leaves variable, cordate, hastately cordate, ovate,
and J-lobed, with the sides angular, toothed and entire, finely
acuminated, hairy beneath on the nerves and veins, and at the
insertion of the petioles, with a few hairs above in the young
state ; cymes on very long peduncles, 2-.' times dichotomous,
with elongated branches ; sepals ovate-orbicular, obtuse, with a
long weak dorsal mucrone. ^ . '^. S. Native of Mexico, in
woods, near Jalapa ; also among bushes, near San Andres.
Corolla somewhat salver-shaped, scarlet; tube an inch long;
limb expanded, an inch and a half. Leaves 4 inches long.
Cymes a foot or more long. Perhaps a species of Qudmoclit.
Rope Ipomoea. Shrub tw.
150 I. PUNCTATA (Macfadyen, in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 116.)
stems roundish, hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated,
hairy ; petioles hairy : hairs proceeding from purplish glands, as
in the stems ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, 6-flowered,
hairy ; bracteas as long as the pedicels, linear-subulate, hairy ;
calyx hairy : the hairs proceeding from roundish glands : sepals
linear-lanceolate ; stigma papillose, somewhat 3-lobed. 0. ? '^.
S. Native of Jamaica.
Dotted Ipomoea. PI. twining.
151 I. Portorice'nsis ; leaves deeply cordate, somewhat 3-
lobed, glabrous : lateral ones very short ; peduncles usually 3-
flowercd, shorter than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate ; tube of
corolla inflated. IJ.?^. S. Native of Porto Rico. Conv61vulus
Portoricensis, Spreng. syst. I. p. 595.
Porto Rico Ipomoea. PI. twining.
152 I. Jamaice'nsis ; leaves deeply cordate, 3-lobed, sinuated,
villous beneath, canescent ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than
the leaves, and are, as well as the sepals, which are lanceolate,
glabrous. ^ . ? '^. S. Native of Jamaica. Convolvulus Jamai-
censis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595.
Jamaica Ipomoea. PI. twining.
153 I. RuDOLPHi (Roem. et Scliultes, syst. 4. p. 222.) leaves
cordate and 3-lobed; peduncles 2-flowered ; bracteas and brac-
teoles lanceolate; the 3 outer sepals the largest. 0.?^. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Ip. bracteata, Ledeb. dec. pi. doming,
no. 4, but not of Cav. nor Rcem. et Schultes.
Riululphe's Ipomoea. PI. tw.
154 I. muta'bilis (Ker, bot. reg. t. 39.) downy ; leaves cor-
date, entire or 3-lobed, acuminated, beset with adpressed hairs
above, roughish tomentose beneath ; flowers numerous, cymosely
sgg''eg'''te on the tops of the peduncles ; cymes generally aggre-
gate ; calyx close, villous, nearly equal, loose above. ^ . ^. S.
Native of South America. Conv. mutabilis, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
593. Root and stems purple. Corolla large blue ; limb cam-
panulate ; lobes roundish, cleft at apex. Stamens bearded at
the base. Stigma granulately globose. Perhaps a species of
Pharhllls. Nearly allied to /. congesta, R. Br. prod. 1. p. 485.
which is probably Conv. muUiflorus, Banks, herb.
Changcahle-?ioviereA Ipomoea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1812.
Shrub tw.
155 I. bractea'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 227.) stem a
little hairy at top; leaves glabrous, cordate, nearly entire, and
3-lobed, hastate, attenuated; peduncles 1-flowered, lenath of
petioles; outer sepals form of bracteas. 0, '^. S. Native of
the East Indies. Conv. bracteatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 25.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 850. Nearly allied to /. platanifolia. Leaves
2 inches long, intermediate lobe lanceolate, attenuated, entire ;
lateral ones broader, rounded upwards, entire, or retusely some-
what lobed outside. Bracteas 2, opposite under the calyx, lan-
ceolate, acute. Calyx downy. Corolla villous outside, silky ;
limb 5-lobed.
Bracleate-Roviered Ipomoea. PI. tw.
156 I. AcuMiNA*TA (Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 228.) stem
beset with a few adpressed hairs ; leaves glabrous, cordate, en-
tire and 3-lobed, acuminated ; peduncles elongated, many-
flowered, glabrous ; sepals lanceolate, attenuated, glabrous :
inner ones shorter. 0.? ^. S. Native of the Island of Santa
Cruz. Conv. acuminatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 26. Willd. spec.
1. p. 851. Leaves 4 inches long; lateral lobes lanceolate ; in-
termediate one ovate, attenuated. Corollas large, campanulate,
purple, with a pale bottom, and 5 lanceolate, excurrent, paler
rays at the margins ; stigma capitate.
Aciiiiiinaled-leaved Ipomoea. PL tw.
157 I. trichoca'rpa (Ell. fl. car. 2. p. 260.) plant smooth-
ish ; leaves deeply 3-lobed or entire ; peduncles usually 2-
flowered ; sepals oval-lanceolate, pilose ; corollas short ; cap-
sule globose, hairy. 0. ^. H. Native of Carolina, in hedges.
Conv. Carolinus, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 139. Desr. in Lam.
diet. 3. p. 563. Ip. commufata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
228. Conv. trichocarpus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 593. Ipomoe'a
Carolhia, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 145. — Dill. elth. p. 100.
t. 84. f. 98. Bracteas subulate. Corolla large, pale purple.
Nairy-friii t ed Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. txv.
158 I. LONGiFLORA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, undivided or
3-lobed, acute ; petioles biglandular beneath at the apex ; pedun-
cles 1-3-flowered, thickened in the fruit-bearing state ; sepals
somewhat unequal, obtuse, mutic ; corollas very long. y. . ^.
S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Ip. macrantha,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 251. Conv. longiflorus, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 595.
Long-Lowered Ipomoea. PI. tw.
§ 5. Leaves palmately,digitately, or pedately lohed ; rarely trijid,
or 3-lobed. Flowers not in heads. Capsules and septals mid-
dle-sized.
* Peduncles \-3-Jlowered.
159 I. CopTicA (Roth, nov. spec. p. 110. Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 471.) plant herbaceous, smooth ; leaves
palmate or pedate ; leaflets serrated, glabrous ; petioles com-
pressed, stipulaceous at the base ; peduncles 1 -2-flowered, ex-
ceeding the petioles ; sepals rugosely muricate, glabrous. 0.
'^. S. Native of Senegal, East Indies, and Cuba. Ip. Brunetii,
Pers. cat. mss. no. 150. Ip. verrucosa, Ort. dec. p. 10.? Ip.
dissecta, Heyne, herb. Conv. Copticus, Lin. mant. p. 559.
Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 62. Conv. stipulatus, Desr. in Lam. diet.
3. p. 546. Conv. dissectus. Wall. cat. no. 1351. Stem angular,
prostrate, rather long. Leaves palmate or pedate ; outer lobes
the shortest, and usually bifid : middle ones ovate-lanceolate,
acute. Sepals ovate-oblong. Corolla white, tubular, 4-5 lines
long, glabrous ; lobes acute. Seeds glabrous.
Coptic Ipomoea. PI. prostrate.
160 I. pentada'ctylis (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p.
471.) herbaceous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate or
linear, petiolulate, entire, glabrous, obtuse ; peduncles exceeding
the petioles, l-2-flo<.vered ; sepals glabrous, ovate, obtuse, une-
qual; outer ones the shortest. 0.'^.S. Nativeof the East Indies,
as on Mount Taong-Dong, near Ava. Conv. pentadactylis.
Wall. cat. no. 1367. Conv. tenuifolius, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 33.
Stem terete. Leaves decreasing in size to the tops of the stems.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, glabrous, with the limb hardly
spreading. Capsule and seeds glabrous.
CONVOLVULACEiE. XIV. Ipomcea.
279
Far. j3'; stem and petioles clothed with long, straight, rufous
hairs ; leaves a little larger.
Five-Jiiigered-\ea\'cd Ipomoea. PI. tw.
IGl I. Horsfa'lli.e (Hook. hot. mag. 3315.) glabrous;
leaves quinaiely digitate : leaflets lanceolate, quite entire, with
undulated margins ; peduncles about as long as the petioles,
bearing dichotonious cymes of flowers; sepals imbricate, obtuse,
equal; corolla funnel-shaped. y..^.S. Native of Africa, or
the East Indies. Corolla of a deep, rich, and glossy rose colour.
Stigma capitate, 2-lobed, hairy. Filaments glabrous, upon a
hairy scale or gland, which is vaulted beneath. Leaflets gene-
rally 5, rarely C-7. Perhaps a species of Batatas, or a new
genus from the vaulted scale at the base of each filament.
Horsfall's Ipomoea. Fl. Dec. Jan. Clt. 1833. PI. tw.
162 I. ennea'loba (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 69. t. 101.) stem
angular ; leaves palmately 9-lobed : lobes unequal ; peduncles
3-flowered ; corollas purple. !{.. '^. S. Native of Guinea, at
Chama. Nearly allied to /. almata, Forsk, but is without any
digitate stipulas. Corolla with the tube narrow at the base, and
swollen at top.
Nine-lohcd-XenveA Ipomoea. PI. twining.
163 I. pulche'lla (Roth, nov. spec. p. 115.) herbaceous,
glabrous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets sometimes entire, sometimes
bifid : all elliptic-ovate, petiolate, mucronulate at apex ; pedun-
cles about equal in length to the petioles, 1-2-flovvered ; sepals
glabrous : inner ones obtuse : outer ones shorter, acutish; seeds
villous. 1/ . '^, S. Native of the East Indies, at Pagamew
and Segaen, &c. Conv. bellus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590. Conv.
heptaphy'llus, Rottl. ex Willd. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 196. Wall. fl.
ind. 2. p. 66. Conv. digitatus, Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 1353.
Conv. dasyspermus, Spreng. Wight, herb. Conv. venosus,
Madr. herb. Stem terete. Petioles tubercled. Corolla an
inch long, funnel-shaped, small, pale pink, with the bottom of
the bell deeper coloured. Capsule glabrous. This is a beautiful
delicate, though extensive plant, and uncommonly interesting on
account of its slender, pendulous, spiral peduncles, with their
pretty small pink flowers, standing erect on their thickened
curved apexes.
Pretty Ipomoea. PI. tw.
164 I. tubercula'ta (Rocra. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 208.
Choisy, 1. c. p. 47i.) stem glabrous, verrucosely muricated ;
leaves quinate ; lobes lanceolate, mucronate, entire : outer
ones often bifid ; petioles stipulaceous ; peduncles usually 1-3-
flowered, longer than the leaves ; sepals obtuse, unequal, ovate-
oblong, with membranous edges ; corolla campanulate, rose-
coloured, 2 inches ; seeds glabrous, ex Choisy ; woolly on the
convex side, ex Wall. H."^. S. Native of the East Indies,
China ; Sandwich Islands ; South America ; Para, Monte Video,
and Rio Janeiro, in Brazil ; and of the province of Caraccas, on
the bank of Lake Tacarigtia, where it is called Vejaquilo by the
natives. Ip. stipuliita, Jacq. schocnb. 2. p. 3!). t. 199. Ip. fru-
tescens, Desf. cat. par. p. 74. Ip. tuberculosa, Desf. cat. par.
p. 74. Ip. tuberosa. Lour. coch. 112. ed. Willd. 1. p. 138. Conv.
tuberculatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 545. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 108. Conv. digitatus. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 65.
Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 303. Flowers purple, size of
those of Batatas paniculata. Very nearly allied to Ipomcea
Cairica.
Tubercled-stemmed Ipomcea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI,
twining.
165 I. AMPELOPSiFOLiA ; glabfous, except the petioles, which
are glandularly downy ; leaves quinate ; leaflets lanceolate, ser-
rated, cuspidate; peduncles 1 -3-flowered, shorter than the
leaves ; sepals ovate, obtuse, mutic, each furnished with a dorsal
mucrone ; outer ones rather the shortest. If.. '^. S. Native
of Mexico, near Vera Cruz, among bushes. Conv. ampclopsi-
f61ius, Cham, et Schlecht. in Liiuiaja, 5. p. 118.
Ampelopsis-leaved Ipomoea. PI. twining.
166 I. opercula'ta (Mart, reise. bras, ex Linnsea, 5. p. 40.)
glabrous ; stems winged ; leaves pedately 5-parted ; segments
broad-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, or repandly toothed :
pedicels solitary or twin, winged ; capsule compressed, globose,
circumcised. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Brazil. Conv. operculatus,
Gomez, mem. corresp. acad. lisb. 1812. p. 27. icone.
Operctdate-ca.^s\\\eA Ipomwa. PI. tw.
167 I. DASYSPEKMA (Jacq. eclog. 1. p. 132. t. 89.) herba-
ceous, smooth ; leaves tripartite ; segments trifid : the larger
ones pinnately 5-lobed, with the lower lobes bifid, all glabrous ;
peduncles 1 -3-flowered, shorter than the petioles; sepals ovate,
obtuse, unequal, and as if they were cordately spurred at the
base before flowering : outer ones the shortest. ©. '^. S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, China, New Holland. Ip. tuberculiita,
Ker. bot. reg. t. 86, but not of Rcem. et Schultes. Conv. dasy-
sperma, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 591. Conv. pedatus, Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 63. Stipulas small, filiform, pedate. Flowers in profu-
sion, prelty large, of a bright sulphur colour. Pedicels clavate.
Seeds pilose on the ribs. " Leaves pedately tripinnate. Calyx
warted," ex Roxb, &c.
Thick-seeded Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. tw.
168 I. DissECTA (R. Br. prod. p. 487.) glabrous; leaves pal-
mate, 7-parted ; segments linear, dentately pinnatifid : middle
segment elongated ; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; calyx half the
length of the corolla; sep.als ovate, with crested nerves. ©.
'^. G. Native on the shores of New Holland, within the tropic.
Corolla white, 1 inch long, a little longer than the calyx.
Dissected-\ea.\eA Ipomoea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1813. PI.
twining.
169 I. sinua'ta (Orteg. dec. 7. p. 84.) stem, petioles, and
peduncles very pilose ; leaves glabrous, deeply 7-parted ;
segments sinuated or pinnatifid; peduncles 1-flowered, longer
than the leaves ; sepals oval, glabrous, acute, nearly equal ; co-
rollas campanulate. ■y.'^. H. Native of Georgia and Florida,
on calcareous hills ; and of Cuba, near Havannah, and Regla, in
cultivated places. Ip. dissecta, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 145.
Conv. dissectus, Lin. mant. p. 204. Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 139. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 4. t. 28. hort. vind. t. 159.
Corollas white, with a reddish throat.
Sinuated-\ea\eA Ipomoea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1813. PI.
twining.
170 I. quinque'loba (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 268.)
glabrous ; leaves palmately 5-lobed : lobes finely serrulated,
obtuse ; axils of leaves hairy ; peduncles length of petioles,
bractless ; sepals obtuse, glabrous. 1/.? '^. S. Native of the
Island of Santa Cruz. Conv. quinquelobus, Valil, symb. 3. p.
32. Willd. spec. 1. p. 863. Nearly allied to /. Cairica and
Ip. stipulata, but differs, in the leaves being smaller, and the
peduncles 1-flowered, &c. Lateral lobes of leaves narrower,
mucronate. Stipulas 2, small. Corolla subcampanulate, gla-
brous, purple.
Five-lobed-\ea.\eA Ipomoea. PI. tw.
171 I. pe'ndula (II. Br. prod. p. 486.) glabrous ; stems trailing
or creeping ; leaves quinately digitate ; leaflets lanceolate, nuiero-
nulate, with entire edges : outer leaflets undivided or bifid ;
peduncles 1-3-flowered; sepals nearly equal, obtuse, 3 times
shorter than the corolla. fj . G. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic ; and in New South Wales, abovit Port Jackson ;
as well as of New Caledonia, and the Island of Tanna. Conv.
mucronatus, Forst. prod. no. 79. Conv. pendulus, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 590. "Lobes of leaves ciliated, mucronate; peduncles 1-
flowered." Forst.
280
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipojkea.
/'eM(/M/ou«-flowerecl Ipomcea. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1&0.5. PI.
trailing.
172 I. piNNATiFiDA ; glabrous ; leaves pinnately 7-cleft ;
segments lanceolate, acuminated, almost quite entire ; peduncles
1-2-flowered, longer than the leaves; sepals roundish- concave,
nearly equal, glabrous. 1/. '^. S. Natiie of Cuba, betwixt
Havannah and Regla. Conv. pinnatifidus, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. 3. p. 108. Stem angularly striated. Leaves ovate in cir-
cumference, 2 inches long. Leaflets sometimes furnished with
one or two teeth, or quite entire ; intermediate one large, and
the lateral ones becoming gradually smaller. Corolla downy
outside.
PinnatJfid-]ea.veA Ipomoea. PI. tw.
173 1. TRiFiDA ; downy; leaves cordate, trifid ; segments
quite entire ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the leaves ;
sepals glabrous, ovate-oblong, mucronate : outer ones rather
the smallest. 1/. '"'. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco,
between Carichana and San Borja, in woods. Conv. trifidus, H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 107. Conv. hepaticifolius,
Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 303. Leaves Ig
inch long ; middle segment oblong, acuminated, mucronate :
lateral ones a little shorter, diverging somewhat triangular, hav-
ing the superior angle acuminated, and the lower one rounded.
Corolla funnel-shaped, purple, glabrous, size of those of Ip.
ptopurea. Perhaps a species of Pharbit'is.
Trijid Ipomcea. PI. tw.
174 \. quina'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 486.) glabrous ; leaves qui-
nately digitate ; leaflets lanceolate, quite entire, mucronulate ;
peduncles 1 -flowered; sepals obtuse, the inner 2 twice the
length of the outer 3, about equal to the middle of the corolla in
length. H.'^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic,
on the sea shore. Very nearly allied to /. Iiirsuta. Con-
volvulus quinatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590.
Quinate-\ea.\eA Ipomoea. PI. tw.
175 I. Thonningii ; twining or prostrate, glabrous; leaves
digitately 5-parted ; segments narrow, pinnatifid, serrated ;
stipulas palmate; peduncles 1 -flowered, bibracteate in the mid-
die, simple, twin ; sepals oblong, acute, sfabrous ; stigma capi-
tate, 3-lobed. %. '^. S. Native of Guinea. I. dissecta,
WiUa. spec. 1. p. 880. phyt. 1. p. 5. no. 19. t. 2. f. 3. Conv.
Thonningii, Solium, pi. guin. p. 98. Stems angular. Corolla
campanulately funnel-shaped, white. Capsule hidden by a
calyx, divided by a thin membrane into 3 cells; cells 1 -seeded.
Seeds tomentose. Said to be allied to /. Copticus and /. laci-
niatus. Perhaps a species of Batatas.
Thonning's Ipomcea. PI. twining.
17G I. HispANioLiE ; leaves quinately digitate, glabrous;
leaflets lanceolate, serrated, cuspidate; peduncles 1 -flowered,
exceeding the leaves ; sepals obtuse, glabrous. 1/ . '^. S. Na-
tive of Hispaniola, Convolvulus Hispaniolae, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 590. Stems hairy.
Hispaniola Ipomoea. PL twining.
177 I. hirsu'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) plant beset with spreading hairs ;
leaves quinately digitate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; peduncles
generally 1 -flowered ; calyx glabrous ; sepals obtuse, the 2 inner
a little longer than the outer 3. 1^.? '^. S. Native of New
Holland, on the sea-shore, within the tropic. Conv. Brownii,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590.
Hairy Ipomcea. PI. tw.
178 I. diversifolia (R. Br. I.e. p. 487.) glabrous ; leaves
palmately 7-parted ; segments linear, dentateiy pinnatifid : in-
termediate one elongated, and nearly entire; peduncles 1-2-
flowered ; calyx about equal in height to j of the corolla, which
is one inch and more long ; sepals oblong, wrinkled on the
nerves. !(.• ^' S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Conv. diversifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592.
Diverse-leaved Ipomoea. Pi. tw.
179 I. Carolina (Lin. spec. 227, but not of Pursh nor Michx.)
glabrous?; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, attenuated
at the base, petiolate ; peduncles 1 -flowered; calyx short. %.
'^. S. Native of the Bahama Islands. Willd. spec. l.p. 880.
Pars. ench. 1. p. 183. I. Carolini^na, Poir. diet. 6. p. 11. —
Cat. carol. 2. p. 91. t. 91. Corolla fimnel-shaped ; tube green
outside, and violet inside : limb purple ; segments reflexed.
Caro/tna Ipomoea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. tw.
* * Peduncles many-Jlowered .
180 I. Plate'nsis (Ker, bot. reg. t. 333.) branches, petioles,
and peduncles beset with prickly tubercles : leaves palmate :
lobes 7, cuneate-oblong, bluntish, with a short mucrone ;
outer ones the smallest ; peduncles few-flowered, cymose at
apex, a little longer than tl)e petioles ; sepals nearly orbicular.
If . '^. S. Native on the banks of the Plata. Conv. Platensis,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 591. Root tuberous. Corollas pale purple,
size of those of Batatas paniculatus. Stigma capitate, hardly
lobed.
Ptort Ipomcea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. tw.
181 I. SETOSA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 335.) branches, petioles, and
peduncles hispid from bristles ; leaves naked, cordate, 3-lobed :
lobes dentateiy sinuated ; peduncles robust, longer than the pe-
tioles, many-flowered, trichotomously cymose ; sepals oblong.
'Xf..'^. S. Native of Brazil. Conv. setosus, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 594. Root tuberous ?. Corolla salver-shaped, purplish red,
size of those of Batatas paniculatus. Stigma globose. Said to
be nearly allied to Ip. platanifolius, and Batatas edulis.
Bristly Ipomcea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. ? PI. tw.
182 I. VESICULOSA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 73. t. 106.) plant
beset with numerous vesicles ; leaves palmately 5-7-lobed :
lobes unequal; peduncles 4-G-flowered ; corollas purple. 1/.
'^. S. Native of Guinea, in the kingdom of Waree, in woods.
Axils of the leaves woolly.
Vesiculose Ipomoea. PI. tw.
183 I. PALMA^TA (Forsk, descript. p. 43. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 207.) glabrous ; leaves palmate ; leaflets 5, serrulated,
outer ones bifid : stipulas foliaceous, palmate : axils woolly ;
peduncles longer than the leaves, dichotomously corymbose ;
sepals glabrous, ovate, obtuse. 'H-.'^. G. Native of Egypt,
Guinea, also of the Sandwich Islands. Conv. Cairicus, Lin.
spec. 222. Vahl, symb. l.p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p. 863. Sims,
bot. mag. 699. Conv.. jEgy'ptius, Berl. segypt. p. 73. t. 74.
Ip. Cairica, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 287. — Barrel, icon. t. 30.
Corolla campanulate, purple. Seeds woolly.
Palmate-\esL\eA Ipomoea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1680. PI. tw.
184 I. PES-TiGRiDis (Lin. fl. zeyl. 79. spec. 230. Wall. fl.
ind. 2. p. 93.) leaves palmate, 5, rarely 7-lobed : lobes ovate,
entire, clothed with silky hairs; peduncles many-flowered, equal in
length to the leaves ; flowers aggregate ; bracteas 6-8, surround-
ing the head of flowers, and longer than it. ©. '~'. S. Native
of the East Indies, as of Travancore, Sukanagur, banks of the
Irawaddi, Ceylon, Java, &c. Conv. pes-tigridis, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 455. Conv. bryoniaefolius, Sal. prod. p. 125. Convolvu-
loides palmata, Moench. meth. 452. — Dill. elth. 420. t. 318. f.
411.— Rheed, mal. 11. p. 121. t. 59.— Knip. cent. 9. t. 5S.—
Herm. lugdb. 184. t. 187.— Act. bonn. 2. p. 362. t. 23. f. 2.
Hairs on the stem furnished with glands at the base. Lobes of
leaves acute, 1-2 inches long. Bracteas bluntish, hairy, ovate,
linear. Sepals ovate, acuminated, hairy outside. Corolla hairy
outside, funnel-shaped, purplish. Capsule glabrous. Seeds rather
villous.
ii
CONVOLVULACE/E. XIV. Ipomoja.
281
Tiger' s-foot-]e[i\cd Ipomoca. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1732.
PI. tw.
ISi I. aggrega'ta '(Poir. suppl. 4. p. G3'J. Clioisy, in mem.
soc. pliys. gen. 6. p. 455.) leaves palmate, 7-lobed, pilose ; pe-
duncles long; flowers sessile, aggregate, surrounded by 10-12
ovate-oblong, unequal, pilose, involucra-fornied bracteas. H .
'^. G. Native of Cochinchina. Convolvulus aggregatus, Lour,
cocli. p. 109. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 471. Stem very hairy, terete.
Lobes of leaves acutisli, ovate, entire. Sepals lanceolate, pilose.
Corolla tubular, 5-clcft, large, white ; segments acute, hairy,
closed.
Aggregale-Rowered Ipomcea. Shrub tw.
185 I viTiFOLiA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Bluin. bijdr. 709.)
leaves cordate, pa'mately 5-cleft : lobes finely toothed ; pedun-
cles many-flowered ; corolla orange yellow. Ij . '^. S. Native
of the East Indies, as of Silhet, Travancore, Malabar, &c.
Conv. vitifolius, Lin. mant. p. 203. Burm. ind. 45. t. 18. f. 1.
Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 61. Conv. angnlaris, Roxb. herb. Stems
terete, downy, or with a few villi. Leaves lobed to the middle,
variously pilose ; lobes unequal, irregularly crenate-toothed.
Sejials ovate-lanceolate, blackish. Capsules large, and are, as
well as the black seeds, glabrous.
line-leaved Ipomoea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub
twining.
186 I. angula'ris (Choisy, in mem. soc. pliys. gen. 6. p. 454.)
leaves cordate, 5-lobed : lobes short, entire, acute ; peduncles 3,
:nany-flowered ; corolla orange-yellow. Tj . '^. S. Native of
Java. Conv. angularis, Lin. mant. 203. Burm. ind. 46. t. 19.
f. 2. Hardly more than a variety of /. vitijolia. Capsule
large.
AngularAeaved Ipomoea. Shrub twining.
187 I. TUBEROSA (Lin. hort. ups. p. 39. spec. 227.) gla-
brous ; leaves palmately 7-parted : lobes elliptic-lanceolate, en-
tire ; peduncles dichotomous ; sepals equal, an inch long. %.
*"". S. Native of tropical America, Madras, Islands of Bourbon,
France, Ceylon, &c. Jacq. anier. p. 37. Ker, bot. reg. 768,
but not of Lour. Conv. tuberosus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 591. —
Sloane, jam. 56. hist. 1. p. 152. t. 9G. f. 2. Stems terete.
Lobes of leaves acute, 1-3 inches long. Petioles 3 inches long.
Flowers solitary, and pedicellate in the forks, and spicate along
the branches of the peduncle. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla 2
inches long, tul)ularly campanulate, yellow. Capsule large.
Seeds large, black.
I'ar. ft. unijlura (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 453.)
peduncles 1-Howered ; sepals acutish. 1/ , '^. S. Native of
South America. Convolvulus gossypifolius, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 107. Conv. macrocarpus, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 592.
7'H6f)o«.s-rooted Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1731. Shrub
twining.
188 I. HEPATiciFOLiA (Lin. spcc. 230. Burm. ind. 50. t. 20.
f. 2.) very hairy ; leaves 3-lobed : lobes very blunt; peduncles
equal in length to the petioles ; flowers capitate, involucrated ;
bracteas ovate-linear. ©. '^. S. Native of Ceylon and China.
Convolvulus hepaticifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 594. Stems
simple. Leaves deeply lobed ; lobes sometimes entire, suli-
emarginate, ovate ; middle one coarctate at the base, more than
an inch long. Corolla purplish.
Hcpalica-leavid Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1759. PI.
twining.
189 I. peda'ta ; glabrous; leaves pedately 3-5-cIeft : lobes
lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate ; peduncles cymose ; sepals
rounded : inner ones the largest. ^i . '"'. S. Native of Guaya-
quil. Flowers purple, funnel-shaped, (v. .«. in herb. Ruiz, et
Pav.)
Pe(/c(/e-leaved Ipomce'a. Shrub twining.
VOL. IV.
190 I. parviflora (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 31.) glabrous ; leaves
cordate, palmately 5-lobed ; umbels axillary, pedunculate ; calyx
and capsules hairy ; sepals ovate, mucronate, length of capsule.
0. '^. S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 885. Pers. ench. 1. p. 185. Conv. Sloanei, Spreng. syst.
I. p. 593. — Sloane, jam. p. 55. hist. 1. p. 153. t. 97. f. 1. Ip.
triloba and I. sanguinea of some gardens. Nearly allied to /.
triloba, but difliers in being glabrous, not hairy ; stem triangular,
from decurrent lines. Leaves 1^ inch long; lobes lanceolate,
obtuse, mucronate : outer ones gibbous at the base, outside.
Pedicels muricated. Flowers small, purplish.
Swall-Jlon'ercd Ipomcca. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1822. PI. tw.
191 I. umbeli.a'ta (Lin. spec. 227.) glabrous; leaves digi-
tate ; leaflets 7, nearly equal, lanceolate, entire, acuminated ;
peduncles very short, sub-umbellate. 2/ . '^. S. Native of
tropical America. Poir. diet. 6. p. 10. Conv. septenata,
Spreng. 1. p. 591. — Plum. spec. 3. — Burm. amer. p. 81. t. 92.
f. 2. Tourn. inst. p. 116. Flowers scarlet. Stamens exserted.
Capsule glabrous, oblong, acuminated, 3-celled. Perhaps a
species of QuumocUt.
I'mbcllate-tiowevcd Ipomoea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739.
PI. tw.
192 I.? CLAu'sA (Rudolph, ex Led. dec. pi. doni. no. 5 )
leaves ternate or quinate ; peduncles dichotomous, many-
flowered ; corollas tubular, closed. Tf . ? ^. S. Native of St.
Domingo.
Clused-ttowered Ipomoca. PI. tw.
§ 6. Leaves entire at both ends, never cordate. Flowers not
crowded into heads. Capsules and sepals middle-sized.
193 I. Buchana'ni (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 474.)
glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, on short pe-
tioles, entire: peduncles J a" inch long, 1-3-flowered; sepals
ovate, glabrous. Q.?'^. S. Native of Bengal. Ip. salicifolia,
Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 88. Stem terete. Leaves 3-8
inches long. Corolla white, with a cylindrical tube, \h inch
long, and an obscurely divided limb. Cells of capsule 3-seeded,
ex Wall.
Buchanan's Ipomoea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. tw.
194 I. LiNiFOLiA (Blum, bijdr. p. 721.) plant rather pilose;
leaves linear, quite entire, blunt at both ends, mucronulate,
sometimes somewhat hastate at the base ; peduncles axillary,
about equal in length to the leaves, few-flowered ; sepals obtuse,
glabrous. ©.? '^. S. Native of the Moluccas,
Flax-leaved Ipomoea. PI. tw.
195 I. PniLiPPENSis (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p.
475.) glabrous ; leaves linear, mucronulate, glabrous, on short
petioles, entire ; peduncles terete, 1-flowered, about | an inch
long ; sepals ovate, rather mucronulate : outer ones a little
smaller. %.'? ^. S. Native of the Philippines, and China,
near Wangoo. Stem terete, filiform. Leaves 1-2 inches long,
and 1-2 lines broad; petioles ciliated. Peduncles glabrous,
bibracteate. Corolla unopen, a little larger than the calyx.
Capsule pea-formed, glabrous.
Philippine Ipomoea. PI. tw.
196 I. GRAMiNEA (R. Br. proil. p. 414.) glabrous; leaves
long-linear, mucronate, quite entire ; peduncles 1-flowered ;
sepals obtuse ; corollas very long. If..'! '^. S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic, on the shore. Conv. grammeus,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 607.
Graisi/-]cavcd Ipomoea. PI. tw.
197 I. Reinwaudtia^na (Blum, bijdr. p. 720.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, entire, smooth above,
and downy beneath ; peduncles few-flowered, shorter than the
petioles ; sepals bluntish, clothed with silky villi : outer ones
O o
282
CONVOLVULACE^. XIV. Ipomoea.
the largest. If.. ? ^. S. Native of Timor, Convolvulus ova-
tiis, Reinwardt, rass. to Blume.
Reinwardt's Ipomoea. PI. twining.
198 I. lanceola'ta ; downy: leaves lanceolate, entire, ob-
tuse; peduncles 1 -flowered; bracteas large, forming an invo-
lucrum to the flower. — Native of Sierra Leone, in humid places.
Zanceo/a/e-leaved Ipomoea. PI. twining.
199 I. auiNQUEPARTiTA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 247.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, very blunt, emarginate, niucro-
nate, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered, bifid; usually shorter
than the leaves ; sepals ovate, rusty, equal. %.1 '^. S. Na-
tive of tlie Island of Santa Cruz. Conv. quinquepartitus, Vahl,
eclog;. 2. p. 14. Conv. ovalifolius, West, besk. st. cruz. p. 271.
Very nearly allied to Conv. jyarviflbrus, Lam., the Conv. mi-
crdnlha, Roem. et Schultes. S^em and branches rather canes-
cent. Corolla campanulate, glabrous, deeply 5-cleft.
Five-parted-AowereA Ipomoea. PI. tw.
200 I. Nevisie'nsis; stems herbaceous ; leaves scattered on
longish petioles, attenuated, acute, rounded at the base ; pedun-
cles axillary, solitary, 3-5-flowered, twice longer than the leaves ;
flowers middle-sized, pale blue. %. '^. S. Native of the
Island of Nevis, among bushes, where it is called the Jwnbee
vine. Conv. Nevisiensis, Ham. prod. p. 24. Allied to Conv.
vertkUlatus, and C. nodiflorus. Perhaps a species of Jacque-
monlea.
Nevis Ipomoea. PI. twininy;.
201 I. secu'nda ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, silky beneath, on
short petioles ; racemes secund, crowded, lateral and terminal,
panicled. %. '~^. S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains,
very common. Flowers small, white.
(S'erj/nrf-flowered Ipomoea. PI. twining.
202 I. arena'ria (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 247.) stem
decumbent ; leaves oblong, emarginate, lobed or entire at the
base ; peduncles 1-flowered, twin or solitary, length of petioles ;
sepals oblong, equal ; corolla tubular. 1^.*^. S. Native of the
Azores, and Island of Santa Cruz. Conv. arenarius, Vahl,
symb. 1. p. IS.and 3. p. 32. Willd. spec. 1. p. 862. Habit of
Conv. Impeiati, but smoother, the leaves more crowded, and the
tube of the corolla gradually widened upwards, Ik inch long.
Sand Ipomoea. PI. tw.
203 I. mataxoca'rpa ; leaves oblong, glabrous, rather coria-
ceous, mucronate ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
sepals ovate; capsule cylindrical, silky. 1/.?'^. S. Native
of New Granada, Bertero. Convolvulus mataxocarpus, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 606.
Heavy-fruited Ipomoea. PI. twining.
204 1. lachnje'a ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate,
densely woolly on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, imbricate,
leafy. If:.?'^. S. Native of Hispaniola. Convolvulus lach-
naus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 606.
Woolly Ipomoea. PI. twining.
205 1. pteroca'rpa ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, mucronate, attenuated at the base ; peduncles 2-flow-
ered ; calycine segments cordate-ovate, acuminated, running into
the pedicels. 0. '^. S. Native of Guadaloupe. Conv. ptero-
carpus, Bert, ex Coll. hort. rip. 37. Corolla middle-sized,
white. Stamens bearded at the base.
Wing-fruited Ipomaea. PI. twining.
f Doubtful, or hardly known species.
206 I. MAMMOSA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 475.)
leaves cordate, repand, acuminated; peduncles 2-3 flowered;
tubers of roots aggregate. 5/ . ^. G. Native of Cochinchina,
in fields, and Australasian Islands. Conv. mammosus, Lour,
coch. p. 108. Conv. chrysorhizus, Forst. pi. esc. ins. p. 55.'!
Bataita mammosa, Rumph. amb. 9. t, 131. Stems slender.
7
Leaves glabrous. Flowers lateral, white, campanulate. Tubers
pale brown, hairy, ovate-oblong, white inside, edible, and more
esteemed than the sweet potatoe.
Nippled Ipomoea. PI. tw.
207 I. Kadsu'ra (Choisy, 1. c.) stem decumbent, radicant,
striated, glabrous ; leaves cordate-ovate, acute, entire, 7-nerved,
glabrous, pale beneath, a hand long ; petioles length of leaves.
2/. G. Native of Japan, where it is called Knrami Kadsura
by the natives. Convolvidus in plantis obscuris, Thunb, jap.
p. 350.
Kadsura Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
208 I. PANDURaiFORMis (Choisy, 1. c. p. 476.) leaves cordate,
entire, fiddle-shaped, acuminated ; flowers shining, yellow ; pe-
duncles long, generally 2-flowered ; calyx and fruit smooth.
ll.'~^.G. Native of Cochinchina, in hedges. Conv. pandu-
ratus, Lour. coch. p. 107. but not of Lin.
Fiddle-sliaped-\ea\'ed Ipomoea. PI. tw.
209 I. COMPRESSA (Guss, in ind. sem. hort. Bocc. 1825. p. 7.)
stem compressed; leaves cordate-ovate, entire; peduncles 1-
flowered, shorter than the leaves. Q.I'^.S. Native of the
East Indies. Plant villous.
Compressed-stemmed Ipomoea. PI. tw.
210 I. cuspida'ta (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 98.) leaves cor-
date, quite entire, cuspidate, downy : hind lobes rounded ; pe-
diuicles many-flowered, exceeding the leaves ; sepals linear,
acute, pilose ; corolla rose-coloured; style very short. ©. '^.
G. Native of Nipaul.
Cuspidate-leaved Ipomoea. PI. tw.
211 I. MURUcoiDES (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 248.) ar-
boreous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, villous on the
nerves beneath ; peduncles generally 3-flowered ; calyx clothed
with silky tomentum. Tj . S. Native country unknown. Stem
angularly furrowed, downy. Leaves | foot long, and hardly 2
inches broad. Corolla white. Perhaps the same as /. arbo-
rescens, Kunth. Peduncles terminal.
Murucoa-like Ipomoea. Tree.
212 I. AURiTA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301, under
Convolvulus.) twining; glabrous; leaves auriculately-hastate :
hind-lobes rounded, obtuse, emarginate ; peduncles 1-flowered.
— Native of Porto Rico.
Eared-\ea.yed Ipomcea. PL twining.
213 I. NEMOROSA (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. p. 303, under
Convolvulus,) twining ; leaves digitate, quinate, entire, acumi-
nated, rather pilose ; stems, peduncles, and calyxes hairy. % .
^. S. Native in shady places, about Cumana.
Grove Ipomoea. PI. twining.
214 I. FRONDOSA (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c. p. 303, under
Convolvulus,) stems creeping, twining a little ; leaves oblong,
obtuse, mucronate ; flowers axillary, racemose. 1/ . '^. S. Na-
tive about Havannah, among rubbish.
Leafy Ipomoea. PI. creeping.
215 I. denticula'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 303, un-
der Convolvulus,) stem erect ; leaves elliptic, denticulated, silky
beneath ; flowers axillary, sessile.^ — Native of America, Vahl.
Denticulated-leaved Ipomcea. PI. erect.
216 I. sca'bra (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
789.) hairy, scabrous ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; peduncles 3-
flowered. 0,'~'. S. Native country unknown.
Scabrous Ipomoea. PI. twining.
217 I. Bahie'nsis (Willd. 1. c.) leaves cordately-hastate, acu-
minated, glabrous ; peduncles 3-flowered ; sepals membranous,
blunt, glabrous ; seeds woolly. — Native of Brazil, Hofl^mann-
segge. Conv. Bahiensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598. Ipomce"a
eriosperma, Bertero.
Bahia Ipomoea. PI. twining.
218 I. tubulosa (Willd. 1. c.) leaves cordate, acuminated ;
CONVOLVULACEiE. XIV. Ipomcea. XV. Jacquemontia. XVI. Convolvulus.
283
peduncles 1-flowered ; tube of corolla cylindrical, elongated ;
limb undivided ; bottom of stem, and underside of leaves, as
well as the peduncles, nniricated. — Native of tropical America.
Perhaps a sjieeies of Qudnwclit.
Tubttlar-tiowcrcii Ipomooa. PI. twining.
219 I. SIMPLEX ('I'hunb. prod. p. 3(i.) leaves lanceolate,
entire ; flowers solitary. ^^ . '^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Con v. simplex, Spreng, syst. 1. p. 607.
Simple Ipomooa. Shrub twining.
Species vnly known by name.
1 I. hispidula, Ledeb. ind. sem. hort. dort. 1822. p. 11. —
2 I. superba, Ledeb. 1. c. — 3 I. Sinensis, Fisch. cat. hort. gor.
p. 28.
Cult. All the species of Ipomce^a are very showy when in
blossom, and much admired. The shrubby and perennial herba-
ceous kinds require the same treatment as that recommended for
Exogonium, see p. 264 ; and the annual species as those of
Pharbllis, see p. 263.
XV. JACQUEMONTIA (named by Choisy, after Victor
Jacquemont, who lately travelled in the East Indies in search of
objects of natural history, where he died.) Choisy, in mem. soc.
phys. gen. 6. p. 476. — Convolvulus and Ipomoe'a species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla campanulate. Style one ; stigmas 2, ovate, flattened.
Ovarium 2-celled, 4-ovulat8. Capsule 2-celled. — Herbs or
sub-shrubs, natives of South America.
1 J. cceru'lea (Choisy, 1. c.) plant prostrate, rather creeping ;
leaves ovate, emarginate, quite glabrous ; peduncles equal in
length to the petioles, twice trifid ; pedicels 1-flowered. Ti.S.
Native of Guinea. Convolvulus coeri^ileus, Schum. pi. guin. p.
101. Root simple. The 3 outer calycine segments roundish,
the 2 inner small. Corolla campanulate, blue, entire. Stigmas
thickish, entire, recurved. Seeds naked. Said to be allied to
Conv. ovalijolius,
Blue-howereA Jacquemontia. PI. prostrate.
2 J. AZUREA (Choisy, 1. c.) stem, petioles, nerves, and mar-
gins of leaves downy ; leaves oblong-cordate; peduncles long,
fasciculaiely many-flowered. ■y.. ? '^. S. Native of South
America. Conv. aziireus, Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 107.
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 554. Stem rather villous at top.
Leaves subsinuated, glaucescent beneath. Sepals acute. Co-
rollas small, blue.
^sure-flowered Jacquemontia. PI. tw.
3 J. capita'ta ; pilose; leaves cordate, entire, acute ; pedun-
cles hardly longer than the petioles ; flowers capitate, involu-
erated ; sepals narrow, lanceolate. 0. ? '^. S. Native of Se-
negal. Conv. capitatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 'i. p. 554. Leaves
2 inches long, length of petioles. Peduncles bearing each a
dense villous head of involucrated sessile flowers. Bracteas 6-7,
unequal, length of calyxes.
Capilate-^oweredi Jacquemontia. PI. tw.
4 J. micra'ntha ; leaves cordate-oblong, mucronate, rather
downy ; peduncles many-flowered, corymhose, short, somewhat
verticillate. 2/ . ? '^. S. Native of St. Domingo, on hills, amrng
rocks. Conv. micranthus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 556. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 177. — Burni. amer. p. S3, t. 94. f. 2. — Plum. mss. 2.
t. 62. Stems slender. Leaves bluntish, mucronate. Corollas
small, campanulate, purplish, deeply 5-cleft, ex Plum. Capsule
4-celled ; seeds fulvous, angular, ex Desr. 1. c.
Small-Jlowered Jacquemontia. PI. tw.
5 J. NODirLOKA ; rather tomentose ; leaves ovate or subcor-
date ; peduncles bifid, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves.
); . ^. S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Conv. nodi-
florus, Desr. in Lam. diet. !i, p. 557. Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 14.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 177. Conv. albiflorus West, besk. over. st.
croix. p. 271. Leaves hoary beneath, with a short acumen.
Peduncles divided above the middle into many short branches ;
bracteas subulate. Sepals scarious on the edges, equal, oblong,
pale rusty, rather villous. Corollas white, campanulate ; limb
5-cleft, crenulated. Corymbs 12-20-flovvered.
Knot-flowered Jacquemontia. Shrub tw.
6 J. penta'ntha; glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, acumi-
nated, rather repand ; peduncles umbellately 5-flowered ; flowers
nearly sessile ; calyxes ciliated. f; . '^. S. Native of tropical
America? Conv. pentanthus, Jacq. coll. 4. ]>. 210. icon. rar.
2. t. 316. Willd. spec. 1. p. 855. Stem terete, glabrous.
Leaves rather villous on the edges while young. Bracteas lan-
ceolate, acuminated. Outer sepals larger, drawn out into a
point, with reflexed sides : inner ones lanceolate, acuminated.
Corolla campanulate, blue, with a paler star; lobes of limb
roundish, acuminated. Lobes of stigma oblong.
Fite-flon'cred Jacquemontia. Shrub tw.
Cult. All the species are free flowerers, and of easy cul-
ture, requiring only common care. The annual species should
be treated in the manner recommended for the species of Phar-
bilis, see p. 263; the twining, shrubby species should be treated
in the manner recommended for Calonyction, see p. 265.
XVI. CONVO'LVULUS (from coniio/ao, to entwine ; twin-
ing habit of most of the species.) Choisy, in mem. soc. phys.
gen. 6. p. 477. — Convolvulus species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla campanulate. Style 1 ; stigmas 2, linear-cylindrical,
often revolute. Ovarium 2-celled, 4-ovulate. Capsule 2-celled.
— Herbs or sub-shrubs.
Sect. I. Orthocau'los (from cpdwr, oit/ios, straight ; and
KavXoe, kaulos, a stem ; in reference to the stems being straight,
never trining.) Stems erect or prostrate.
§ 1. Leaves entire, ovale-oblung, spalulate, lanceolate, or linear.
* Shrubby or herbaceous perennial plants. Peduncles 1-2-3-4-
florvered.
1 C. pluricau'lis (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 477.)
stems suffruticose, villous, many rising from the same root ;
leaves linear, dilated at apex, sessile, much crowded at the base ;
flowers 2-3 together, axillary, nearly sessile ; sepals linear, acu-
minated, acute. 11 . S. Native of the East Indies, at Buxor,
Hurdnear, Bhagulpur, and Vikram, on mountains in the south of
Hindostan. Evolvulus ferrugmeus, Wall. cat. no. 1316. Conv.
spicaefolius. Ham. herb. Stems simple. Leaves bluntish, vil-
lous or ciliated. Flowers rising from the base to the top of the
stem, forming a spike. Corolla glabrous, twice longer than the
calyx. Every part of the plant is hairy.
Many-stemmed Bind-weed. PI. \ foot.
2 C. microphy'llus (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 611.) stem
branched, suftiuticose at the base ; leaves linear, sessile, villous,
as well as the branches, which are twiggy ; peduncles 1-flowered,
about equal in length to the leaves ; sepals acute. T; . H. Na-
tive of Egypt.
Small-leaved Bind-weed. Shrub small.
3 C. erina'ceus (Ledeb. in litt. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz, p.
10:^.) plant silky, stems much branched, shrubby at the base ;
branches and branchlets very long and spreading ; leaves linear ;
cauline ones elongated : of the branches and branchlets minute :
peduncles solitary, generally 1-flowered, about equal in length
to the bractless flowers ; sepals elliptic, silky, as well as the
5-cleft corolla. h^ . H. Native of Caucasus in the loose sand
o o 2
•284
CONVOLVULACE.'E. XVI. Convolvulus.
towards the Caiipiaii sea, and Sallian, near the Karavansarai
Eszek.
Erinaceous Bind-«eed. Shrub dwarf.
4 C. eria'nthus (Willd. herb, ex Spreng, syst. 1. p. 610.)
stems decumbent, branched, woolly ; leaves linear, elongated,
attenuated at the base, nearly naked ; peduncles elongated, 1-
flowered ; sepals acute, and are, as well as the corollas, woolly
outside. 1(.H. Native of North America.
Woolly-Jlon'ered Bind-weed. PL decumbent.
5 C. Rottleria'nus (Choisy, 1- c.) stem simple, biennial ;
leaves linear, acute, almost sessile, clothed with rusty hairs on
both surfaces ; peduncles 2-flowered, at first short, but at length
elongated ; sepals ovate, acuminated, very acute : outer ones
rather the longest, hairy ; corolla very small. % .1 G. Native
of Madura. Retzia pilosa, Rottl. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 6669.
Stems very leafy the first year, clothed with rusty hairs, as well
as the peduncles, branchlets, and leaves. Corolla tubular, clothed
with rusty hairs outside at apex, ending in 5 taper points.
Ovarium glabrous. Nearly allied to Conv. lineatus.
Hauler's Bind-weed. PI. f foot.
6 C linea'tus (Lin. spec. p. 224.) root creeping; floriferous
stems erect, simple, corymbose at top ; leaves lanceolate, petiolate,
acute, silky, villous, lined ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; sepals rather foliaceous, silky ; corolla hairy outside,
■y . H. Native of Spain, Italy, by the Mediterranean Sea, and
of Greece. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 199. Conv. spicsefolius,
Desr. in Lam. diet. 1. p. 549. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 17. sect. 1. t.
4. f. 2. bad.— Barrel, icon. t. 311.— Triumf. obs. 91. t. 90. f. 2.
— Tourn. cor. p. 1. Leaves narrowed at the base. Peduncles
bibracteate. Flowers pale reddish purple.
Lined-\ea\ed Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1714. PI.
^ to 1 foot.
7 C. Besse'ri (Spreng syst. 1. p. 610. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 226.)
leaves spatulate, running into the petioles, silky, lined ; pedun-
cles very short, mostly 2-flowered ; sepals ovate, acute ; stem
suffruticose. tj . H. Native of Siberia, in sandy places, at the river
Bekum, near Loktewsk ; and of Podolia. Conv. line'^tus, Bieb.
fl.cauc. 1. p. 146. Bess. enum. pi. volh. p. 43. no. 1352.
Besser's Bind-weed. Shrub small, 5 to | foot.
8 C. Gera'rdi (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 294.) root
creeping ; stem villous, weak ; branches very short ; leaves
lanceolate, dilated and obtuse, silky ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, 2-flowered, shorter than 'the leaves ; sepals small,
ovate, acute, silky ; corolla villous outside. '^^.H. Native of
Spain, and the south of France. Ger. prov. p. 317. no. 3.
Conv. lineatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 553, exclusive of the
synonymes. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2750. Conv. Cneorum /J, Gouan,
hort. monsp. p. 94. — Barrel, icon. t. 31 1.— Munting, p. 29. t.
110. — Tourn. inst. p. 84. Stems rather angular. Lower leaves
approximate. Calyx with 2 small bracteas under it. Corolla
middle sized, a little spreading, rufescent.
Gerard's B'md-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. i foot.
9 C. interme'dius (Lois.not.p. 40. journ. de bot. 2. p. 264.)
root creeping ? ; stems erect, simple ; leaves lanceolate, downy ;
peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-2-flowered, about equal in
length to the leaves ; bracteas twin, longer than the calyx. %.
H. Native of France, near Avignon. C. lineatus, ft, Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 474. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 423. Very like C.
lineatus, but differs in being clothed with short down, not silky,
and the stems 8-10 inches, and more, high. It is also allied to
C. Cantabrica, but the stems are not branched, as in that plant,
and the peduncles are shorter. Corollas purple or white.
Intermediate Bindweed. PI. | foot.
10 C. scoi'a'rius (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 213.) stem shrubby;
branches tvvigoy ; leaves linear, rather pilose ; peduncles gene-
rally 3-flowered ; calyx silky ; sepals ovate, acute. Ij . G.
Native of Teneriffc, on the mountains near the town of Santa
Cruz. Willd. spec. 1. p. 872. Vent, choix. t. 21. Habit of a
species of Spartium or Genista. Stem terete, glabrous. Leaves
short, remote. Racemes terminal, somewhat secund. Corolla
white, hairy outside. Wood hard and white, with radiating
stripes ; and is, perhaps, according to Lin. the Lignum Rhodium
of the shops. Capsule 1 -celled, 1-seeded, dehiscing at the base.
Broom-like Bind-wood. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1733. Shrub.
lie. iRONDosus (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 610.)
leaves oblong-subspatulate, obtuse, mucronulate, clothed with
stellate down when young, as well as the branches ; peduncles
usually 4-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals glabi'ous,
acutish. Ij • F- Native country unknown.
Leafy Bind-weed. PI. erect, suffruticose.
12 C. cENOTiiEROiDEs (Lin. suppl. 157.) shrubby, erect;
leaves linear, canescent ; peduncles axillary, erect, 1 -flowered:
sepals lanceolate, glabrous, hoary. Ij . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 1. p. 872. Habit of (Enothera
mollissima. Stem terete, reddish. Peduncles at the tops of the
stems. Bracteas subulate, recurved. Corolla funnel-shaped,
large, fulvous.
Evening-Primrose-Ulee Bind-weed. Shrub erect.
13 C. helianthemifolius (Poir, diet. 3. p. 465.) shrubby,
villous ; L'aves sessile, small, narrow-lanceolate, acute ; flowers
small, almost solitary ; calyx villous ; sepals lanceolate, acute.
Ij . G. Native of America. Conv. minimus, Viitm. summ. pi.
1. p. 431. Gmel. syst. veg. l.p. 341. — Plum. amer. mss. t. 6. f.
47. — Tourn. cor. 84. Plant densely clothed with cinereous
down or villi. Stem divided from the base into many short,
spreading branches. Peduncles filiform, villous, length of
leaves, 1- rarely 2-flowered. Corolla blue.
Sun-rose-leavcd Bind-weed. Shrub 5 foot.
14 C. holosericea (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 147. cent. pi. ross.
t. 24.) the whole plant clothed with shining, silky hairs ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; peduncles usually 1-flowered, longer
than the leaves ; sepals ovate, acute : the 3 outer ones in-
flattly gibbous in the disk. 1/. H. Native of Tauria, on
calcareous mountains, along with C. saxdtilis. C. procumbens.
Pall. ind. Bracteas linear, about equal in length to the calyx.
Flowers a little larger than those of C. Dorycnium. Corolla
milk-coloured, silky outside.
Silky Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt 1824. PI. pros-
trate.
15 C. DoRv'cNiuM (Lin. spec. 224.) stem shrubby, diclioto-
mously panicled ; branches stiff"; flowers sessile, solitary, ter-
minating the branches lateral, and in the forks of the branches;
leaves lanceolate, villous, sessile ; sepals nakcdish, obtuse, mucro-
nate. Ij . H. Native of the Levant; Candia, near Canea; and on
road sides, about Corinth. Willd. spec. l.p. 871. Desr. in Lam.
diet. 3. p. 548. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graze, t. 201. — Tourn. inst.
p. 84. Habit different from other species oi Convolvulus. Corolla
campanulate, spreading, villous outside, 3-4 times longer than
the calyx, rose roloured.
Dorycnium-Y\\ie Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806.
Shrub U foot.
16 C. suEFRUTicosus (Dcsf. atl. 1. p. 175. t. 48.) suffVuticose,
villous ; stems ascending ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated,
peduncles I -flowered, 3 times longer than the leaves; sepals
villous, ovate-oblong, acute. 11 . H. Native of Atlas, near
TIemsen ; and of Greece. Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 135. This
species diflTers from C. Cantabrica, in the stem being suffruti-
cose; in the corolla being twice or thrice larger, beset with
spreading, not adpressed hairs. Corolla pale red or white.
Stems tufted. Bracteas setaceous.
Suffrnl'ieo^e Bind-weed. Shrub 1 foot.
17 C. Canta'brica (Lin. spec. 225.) plant beset with spread-
CONVOLVULACE.E. XVI. Convolvulus.
285
ing hairs ; siems biaiiclud, prostrate ; leaves obloiig-lanceolate,
acute ; sepals narrow, very villous ; peduncles usually 2-3-
flowereil. 1/. . H. Native of the south of Europe, north of
Africi, and of Tauria. VVilld. spec. 1. p. 860. Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. It/. Smith, prod. fl. graac. I. p. \35. Jacq. fl. austr. t.
29(:. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 17. sect. 1. t. 4. f. 3. — Tourn. inst. p. 83.
and 84. This species is readily distinguished from C. linecitKs,
C sa.idlilis, and C Iwloser'iceus, by the hairs being spreading,
and by the narrow, very villous sepals. Corollas pale red.
Var li, terri-slris (hin. spec. 224.) leaves linear, silky ; pedun-
cles gtnerally 3-flowered ; calyx hairy, mucronate. 1/ . H.
Conv. tcrrestris, Dalech. hist. 1435. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 160.
Far. y; stem erect. 1/. '^. H. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol.
1. p. 33(j.
Canlahrian Bind-weed. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1C80. PI. i
to 1 foot, prostrate.
18 C. PALu'sTRis (Cav. icon. 6. p. 80. t. 600. f. 2.) stems
slender, terete, erect, branched, pilose ; leaves sessile, linear-lan-
ceolate, hairy ; flowers solitary, minute, rather tomentose ; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, villous. If.? S. Native of Mexico, in the
vicinity of Acapulco, in marshy places. Poir. siippl. 3. p. 465.
Leaves an inch long, and a line broad. Peduncles bibracteate.
racemose. Corolla yellow, rather tomentose outside, campanulate,
3 times longer than the calyx, ending in 5 obtuse lobes or crenae.
Marsh Bind-weed. PL 1 foot.
19 C. Pe'rsicus (Lin. amcen. acad. 2. p. 341.) tomentose;
leaves oval, obtuse, on very siiort petioles; peduncles 1 -flow-
ered, length of leaves ; sepals ovate : inner ones smaller. % .
H. Native of Persia, on the shores of the Caspian Sea ; and in
the sand, by the Euxine Sea, near Fanar. Willd. spec. 1. p.
874. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 549. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 148.
— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 36. t. 7. Stems thickness of a writing-quill,
terete. Stiginas linear, thickish. Corolla white.
Persian Bind-weed. PI. 1 foot ?
20 C. ? trine'rvis (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 85. VVilld. spec. 1. p.
860.) stems filiform, glabrous, simple ; leaves o])posite, petio-
late, ovate-oblong, glabrous, 3-nerved ; peduncles very short,
generally 1-flowered, seldom 2-flov\ered. %. H. Native of
Japan. Leaves paler beneath. Sepals lanceolate-setaceous,
glabrous, one-half the length of the corolla. Corolla purple.
.Stigmas capitate. A species of Ipomoe'a, or a distinct genus,
with o])posite leaves.
Thrce-nerved-\ea.\ei!i Bind-weed. PI. tw. or erect.
21 C. Amma'nni (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 549. Bunge, pi.
chin, in mem. acad. petersb. 5. p. 46. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 2,^6.)
plant clothed with silky hairs ; stems procumbent ; leaves
linear, or oblong-linear ; peduncles 1-flowered, length of leaves,
spreading; bracteas equal in leni>th to tlie calyxes ; sepals ovate,
acute. If. H. Native of Siberia, at the rivers Jenezee,
Tscharysch, Kan, Ulegumen, and Tschuga, and throughout the
Kergliisean steppe, and at Lake Baikal ; and of the north of China,
in sterile, gravelly places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 870. — Amm. ruth,
p. 5. no. 6. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 95. no. 51. Peduncles furnished
with 2 linear bracteas in the middle. Corolla marked by 5 silky
lines outside, disposed in a stellate manner, white, with purple
lines.
Ammann's Bind-weed. PI. ^ foot.
22 C. spiNosLS (Lin. suppl. 137. Willd. spec. 1. p. 871.
Bunge, enum. pi. chin, in mem. acad. petersb. 5. p. 47.)
shrubby ; the whole plant beset with white, glittering, silky
hairs ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, or oblong, silky, sessile ; pe-
duncles elongated, 1-flowered; floril'erous branches erectish,
spiny. \^ . n. Native of Siberia, on sandy hills; at the river
Irtysch ; and of the north of China. Conv. fruticosus, Pall,
itin. 2. p. 734. t. M. Stem branched at top ; branches hori-
zontal, stiff, terminated each by a small, erect, whitish flower.
The rudiments of branchlets in the axils of the leaves, and
branches arc changed into spines. Plant somewhat flexuous,
liardly climbing. Limb of corolla 5-cleft.
/ ar. /^ ; calyx quite glabrous. ij . H. Native of Persia,
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 548. Conv. spinosus, Bnrm. fl. ind.
p. 47. t. 19. f. 4.
Spiny Bind-weed. PI.
23 C. TRAGACANTiioiDES (Turcz. dec. p. 22. Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 478.) shrubby; stems diffiise, branched;
branches spiny at length ; leaves linear; flowers terminal, nearly
sessile, bractless ; sepals ovate, abruptly acute, 3 times shorter
than the corolla. ^ . H. Native of Mongolia, at Zzagan-
Balgassu. Nearly allied to the 2 preceding, but differs from the
first in the branches being at length spinescent, in the flowers
being larger, and in the form of the sepals ; and from the second
in the more dwarf habit, in the linear leaves, and in the flowers
terminating the stems among the branches. Corolla purple.
Tragacanth-like Bind-weed. Shrub.
24 C. nv'sTRix (Vahl, symb. 1. p. 16. Willd. spec. 1. p.
871.) shrubby, much branched, stiff, diffuse ; branchlets silky,
spinescent ; leaves sessile, oblong, silky ; flowers sessile, usu-
ally solitary, rarely twin ; calyx hairy ; 2 outer sepals oblong,
stiff, larger than the inner 3. (j . G. Native of Arabia, at
Dakhi. Conv. spinosus, Forsk. cat. arab. p. 106. no. 121.
Leaves small. Bracteas 2, at the base of the calyx, oblong,
acutish, reflexed. Corolla small, hairy.
Porciijiine Bind-weed. Shrub 1 foot.
* * Flowers capitate, or umbellate. Shruhhy or herbaceous
perennial plants.
25 C. CNEORUM (Lin. spec. 224.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves
lanceolate-obovate, clothed with silky tomentum ; flowers capi-
tate on short peduncles; bracteas, some of them, as large as the
leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy. fj • F- Native
of Spain, Crete, and Syria, and the Island of Samos, on rocks.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. L'OO. Curt. hot. mag. 459. — C. ar-
genteus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3 p. 552. — Tourn. inst. p. 84. — Mor.
hist. 2. p. 11. sect. 1. t. 3. f 1. — Barrel, icon. rar. 4. p. 470. —
Bocc. mus. 2. p. 79. t. 70. — Dorycnium, Clus. hist. 2. p. 254.
— Cneorum albimi folio argenteo molli, Bauh. pin. p. 463. Plant
clothed with silky silvery down. Leaves sessile, attenuated at the
base, mucronate. Corollas white or pale red, hairy outside.
Uidow-Wail-\\ke Bind-weed. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1640.
Shrub 1-3 feet.
26 C. saxa'tilis (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 33.) very hairy ; stems
erect ; leaves linear ; flowers capitate ; sepals acuminated. 1/ .
H. Native of Spain, on hills, France, Italy, Tauria. Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 146. Lepeyr. abr. p. 101. Conv. lanuginosus, Desr.
in Lam. diet. 3. p. 551, exclusive of the syn. of Bocc. t. 70, and
Barrel, t. 470. Conv. cneorum, Hablitz, taur. p. 147. Conv.
pusillns. Pall. ind. taur. — Bocc. mus. t. 96. Tourn. inst. p. 84.
Corolla white, purplish, and villous outside. Heads of flowers
girded by 5 unequal leaves or bracteas. Stem clothed with
white tomentum.
Far, fi, humiVwr (Roem. et Scliultes, syst. 4. p. 295.) Conv.
lanuginosus, /3, Desi-. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 551. Conv. capitatus,
Cav. icon. 2. p. 72. t. 189. descr. p. 97. — Tourn. cor. p. I.
Stem erect.
Var. y; stems half a foot high, declinate. 11 . H. Conv.
saxatilis, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 147. Conv. Dorycnium, Pall. ined.
Stone Bind-weed. Fl. Ju. Au--. Clt. 1796. PI. h foot.
27 C. LANVTUs(Vahl, symb. 1. p. 16.) shrubby; old bijinches
leafless, sterile, spinose, rather villous ; leaves lanceolate, ob-
tuse, tomentose; flowers capitate, involucrated ; sepals ovate-
lanceolate. 1; . F. Native of Lower Egypt, on Mount Sinai ;
286
CONVOLVULACE^. XVI. Convolvulus.
and of Candia, on dry hills. Willd. spec. 1. p. 871. Sibth. et
Smitli, fl. graec. t. 202. C. cneorum, Forsk. cat. segypt. p. 63.
no. 106. C. sericeus, Burm. ind. p. 49. t. 19. f. 3.1 — Tourn.
cor. 1. Flower-bearing branches simple from the base of the
old ones, very hairy. Leaves sessile. Floral or involucral
leaves 6, a little broader than the rest, very hairy. Peduncles
axillary, shorter than the leaves, hairy. Corolla villous outside,
white or reddish.
Woolhj Bind-weed. Shrub 1-2 feet.
28 C. sALViFOLius (Sieb. pi. cret. ex Link. enum. 1. p. 201.)
stem shrubby, branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish,
nearly sessile, veiny, clothed with woolly villi ; flowers in lateral,
involucrated, sessile fascicles ; bracteas ovate ; sepals foliace-
ous, lanceolate. Tj . F. Native of Palestine.
/Sage- feauerf Bind-weed. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI.
29 C. secu'ndus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 555.) plant clothed
with rusty tomentum ; stem flexuous, a little branched ; leaves
sessile, lanceolate, unilateral on the branches ; heads of flowers
secund, numerous, nearly sessile ; flowers sessile, or on very
short pedicels. Ij. . H. Native of the Levant, about Damascus.
Stem terete. Leaves furrowed from nerves an inch long.
Flowers 5-6 in a head. Bracteas intermixed with the calyxes,
and a little longer than them. Corolla rather villous outside,
size of those of C. cneorum.
Seciind-\ea\ed Bind-weed. PI. | to 1 foot.
.30 C. OLEiFOLius (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 552, exclusive of
var /5.) shrubby, silky ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers capi-
tately umbellate, terminal, involucrated ; sepals lanceolate. 1? .
H. Native of the Levant. Dorycnium, Py'rosp. Alp. exot. p.
73. This species is very nearly allied to C. cneorum; but it
diftlrs, in the sepals being twice longer, and lanceolate. Leaves
acutish, Ij inch long, and 2-3 lines broad.
Olive-leaved Bmd-weed. Shrub 1-2 feet.
31 C. LiNEA^Ris (Curt. hot. mag. 289.) erect, shrubby ; leaves
linear, acute, clothed with silky hairs ; flowers terminal, umbel-
lately panicled ; calyx hairy. I; . F. Native of Spain and
South of France. Willd. spec. 1. p. 809. Con v. oleifolius, jo,
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 552. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2752.
Conv. Tournefortii, Sieb — Tourn. cor. p. 1. Plant silvery.
Flowers 3-6 together on long peduncles, girded by 3-4 brac-
teas, which are hardly longer than the calyxes. Corollas very
pale red.
Linear-]ea\ed Bind-weed. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1770. Shrub
I to 1 1 foot.
32 C. PROLiFER (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 18.) shrubby, erect;
leaves linear, silky beneath ; heads of flowers terminal, and in
the forks of the branches ; bracteas ovate, very hairy outside.
Tj . F. Native of South America. Habit of C. Cantdbrka.
Branches filiform, glabrous at bottom, and tomentose above,
bifid at apex. Superior leaves remote : lower ones crowded,
glabrous above. Heads of flowers size of a filbert. Bracteas 3
times broader than the leaves, acuminated, glabrous inside.
Flowers solitary in the axils of the bracteas.
Proliferous Bind-weed. Shrub erect.
33 C. FLORiDus (Lin. suppl. 136.) plant shrubby, pros-
trate, hoary ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather pilose ; thyrse
terminal, pyramidal, panicled; sepals ovate, concave, acute,
fj . G. Native of TeneriflTe, on rocks. Jacq. coll, 1. p. 62.
icon. rar. t. 34. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 224. Willd. spec. 1. p.
873. Very like C. cneorum. Leaves attenuated at the base.
Peduncles branched, rising from the axils of the superior leaves,
the whole forming a large, ovate, thyrsoid panicle. Flowers
very numerous, small. Corolla pale red, or whitish, hairy out-
side.
Flowery Bind-weed. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. Shrub
prostrate.
* * * Annual plants.
34 C. piloselL;Ef6lius (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 551.) plant
villous ; axillary branches floriferous ; leaves spatulate-lanceo-
late, sessile ; peduncles elongated, many-flowered (few-flowered,
ex Willd.), loosely racemose. ©. H. Native of the Levant,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 870. — Tourn. cor. 1. Leaves and stems
green, but pilose. Peduncles 4-6-flowered ; bracteas small,
lanceolate. Sepals ovate, acute, villous, twice longer than the
corolla. Corolla small, campanulate. The Conv. ramosus, in-
canus, foliis pilosellae. Tour. cor. 84, is probably a syn. of this,
and therefore Conv. linearifolius, Mill. diet. no. 28.
Pilosella-like Bind-weed. PI. prostrate.
35 C. TRICOLOR (Lin. hort. clift'. p. 19.) stem declinate, terete,
beset with small, soft, white hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or
spatulate, hairy, ciliated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, bibracteate,
longer than the leaves ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute. ©. H.
Native of Sicily, Spain, Portugal ; on the hills of Ajuda, near Lis-
bon ; and of the North of Africa. Willd. spec. 1. p. 874. Link,
fl. port. 1. p. 368. Curt. hot. mag. t. 27. St. Hil. 18. t. 3.— Knip.
cent. 5. no. 26. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 17. sect. 1. t. 4. f. 4. Corolla
rather large, with a yellowish throat, a blue limb, the rest white.
This is a very common annual in gardens. There is also a va-
riety with almost white flowers.
Three-coloured-howereHi Bind-weed. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1629. PI. 1 foot.
36 C. Shera'rdi (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 30.) trailing,
downy ; leaves elliptic, retuse at both ends, tnucronate ; flowers
solitary, nearly sessile. ©. H. Native of Carolina, Catesby.
Nearly allied to Conv. irichosdnthes.
S/ierard's Bind-weed. PI. trailing.
37 C. trichosa'nthes (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 137.)
plant trailing, downy ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, linear or oblong,
obtuse, mucronate, nearly sessile ; peduncles 1-5-flowered,
longer than the leaves ; sepals ovate, acute ; corolla short, cam-
panulate, hairy outside. ©. H. Native from Virginia to
Georgia, in sandy woods. Pursh. fl. 1. p. 143. Flowers small,
white. Capsule ovate, downy.
Far. a, patens (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 547. ill. 1. p. 453.)
plant filiform, erectish ; leaves linear, nuicronate ; peduncles
spreading, longer than the leaves, usually 2 flowered. ©. H.
C. aquaticus, Walt. fl. carol, p. 94.
Far. ft, tenellus (Lam. ill. 1. p. 45D. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 143.)
twining ; leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, nearly ses-
sile ; peduncles longer than the leaves, usually 2-flowered. ©.
H. C. humistritus, Walt. fl. carol, p. 94. Plukn. aim. t.
166. f. 4.
Hair tj -flowered Bind-weed. PI. trailing.
38 C. PENTAPETALOiDEs (Liu. syst. 3. p. 229.) plant pro-
strate, filiform ; stems rather hairy at top; lower leaves petiolate,
spatulate-lanceolate, obtuse, nearly naked, lined, ciliated : up-
per ones linear-cuneiform, sessile ; peduncles short, 1-flowered,
rather pilose. ©. H. Native of Majorca, Calabria, and the
Grecian Islands. Willd. spec. 1. p. 867. exclusive of the syn.
of Jacq. Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 197. C. prostr^tus, Forsk.
descr. p. 203. Roth, beytr. 1. p. 121. abhandl. p. 11. no. 10.
t. 3. catalec. hot. 1. p. 392. p. 22. — Tourn. inst. p. 83. Herb
very like C. tricolor, but smaller. Bracteas very small. Corolla
form of that of Conv. lined/us, but 3 times smaller, bluish, with
a yellow throat, and a semi 5-cIeft limb.
Five-petalled-like-Howered Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1789. Pi. trailing.
39 C. meona'ntiia (Link, et Hoffm. fl. port. 1. p. 369.) stems
angular, downy at top, ascending ; leaves lanceolate, sessile,
with a few scattered hairs; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than
the leaves ; calyx with a few scattered hairs ; sepals oval.
CONVOLVULACE^. XVI. Convolvulus.
287
acutisli. O. H. Native of Portugal, in calcareous places about
Coimbra. C. tricolor, ft. minor, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 268. Leaves
narrowed at the base. Bracteas obsolete. Corolla pale blue,
with a yellowish bottom. Very nearly allied to C. tricolor, but
dift'ers in the corollas being smaller, paler, in the obsolete brac-
teas, and hairiness.
Small-Jlowcred Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. ^ to
1 foot.
40 C. STRlcTUS (Lehm. sem. hort. hnnib. 1823. p. 17. pug. 1.
p. 15.) stems nearly simple, straight, villous ; lower leaves obo-
vate-spatulate : superior ones lanceolate, spreadingly pilose ;
sepals unequal, foliaceous ; bracteas shorter than the calyx ; pe-
duncles 1 -flowered, villous, shorter than the leaves. 0. H.
Native of Egypt. Calyx woolly. Corolla fuiuiel-shaped, white ;
tube length of calyx ; limb pale rose-coloured at the plicae.
Capsule ovate, pilose at apex, length of calyx.
Straight Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. \ to
h foot.
41 C. UNDULATUS (Cav. icon. 3. p. 39. t. 277. f. 1. ann. des
cienc. nat. 3. p. 17.) stems prostrate, terete, rather villous;
leaves spatulate, obtuse, sessile, pilose; flowers axillary, solitary,
sessile; sepals oblong-ovate, acute, villous. ©. H. Native of
Tunis, near Sbiba ; in the Island of Cyprus ; also near Tangier ;
Spain, about the canal near Madrid. C. hilmilis, Jacq. coll. 4.
p. 209. t. 22. f. 3. C. evolvuloides, De,-,f. fl. all. 1. p. 176. t.
49. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 198. C. ciliatus. Roth, catalec.
1. p. 39. 2. p. 22. Pers. ench. 1. p. 180. Willd. enum. 1. p.
205. C. decumbens, Ortega. Stems reddish. Leaves villous,
usually undulated, spatulate, ex Desf. Corolla longer than the
calyx, with a red and white limb, and a yellow tube, ex Cav.
blue, ex Desf. blue, with a white throat, ex Smith. Capside
villous.
UndulatedAeavedL Bind-weed. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1816.
PI. prostrate.
§ 2. Leaves cordate. Annual plants.
42 C. SicuLus (Lin. spec. p. 223.) stems trailing ; leaves
cordate-ovate: superior ones acute, all hairy; peduncles 1-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas lanceolate, below
the calyx ; sepals hairy, ovate, acute. ©. H. Native of Sicily ;
Spain, in Valencia ; Island of Hieris ; Peloponnesus ; Candia, in
shady mountains ; as well as of Mauritania and Teneriffe. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 866. Lam. diet. 3. p. 540. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
graec. t. 196. Ker. bot. reg. 445. — Bocc sic. p. 89. t. 48. —
Tourn. inst. 83. Stems filiform, angular, beset with adpiessed
hairs above, and spreading ones at bottom. Corolla small,
blue, with a white throat. Stem twining a little.
.S'/ci/ian Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1640. Plant | to
1 foot.
43 C. elongaVus (Willd. enum. 1. p. 205.) leaves cordate-
ovate, cuspidate; peduncles 1-2-flowered, longer than the leaves;
bracteas linear-subulate, shorter than the pedicels ; calyxes
ciliated. ©. H. Native of the Canaries. Ker. bot. reg. t. 498,
C. pseiido-Siculus, Cav. descr. p. 97. Very like Conv. Siculus,
but differs in the leaves being broader ; in the bracteas not being
close to the calyx. Corolla white, having the tube yellow in-
side. Stems twining a little.
£fo?!ga/«/-peduncled Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815.
PI. 1 foot.
44 C. unilatera'lis (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4 p. 284.)
stems decumbent, diffuse ; leaves cordate, acuminated ; pedun-
cles sccund, very long; flowers subumbellate ; sepals equal,
ovate, bluntish. ©•? S. Native of Peru, on sandy hills ; as
between Santa Rosa and Yazo, in the valley of Canta. C. seciin-
dus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 10. t. 117. f. G. Poir. suppl. ,^.
p. 472. but not of Desr. in Lam. diet. Leaves petiolale, as
long as broad, white beneath, acute or obtuse, with an emar-
ginate point. Pedicels bracteate ; bracteas small, subtdate. Co-
rolla rather large, blue. Stamens exserted. Stigmas flat.
Unilateral-Lowered Bind-weed. PI. decumbent.
45 C? ebractea'tus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 541.) stem
slender, twining a little ; leaves cordate-sagittate, blunt behind ;
peduncles 1, rarely 2-flowered, bractless, shorter than the pe-
tioles ; outer sepals the broadest. ©. H. Native country un-
known. Pers. ench. 1. p. 180. Very similar to C. Siculus at
first sight; but the leaves and whole plant are larger, and beset
with short white hairs. Corolla small, white. Stigmas 2, glo-
bular. Perhaps a species of Ipomcea.
Bractless Bind-weed. PI. trailing.
§ 3. Leaves cordately lobed, or hastate. Annual and perennial
plants.
46 C. Imperati (Vald, symb. 1. p. 17.) glabrous, trailing,
creeping ; leaves panduriform or entire, emarginate, cordate at
the base; peduncles 1-flowered, length of leaves, sometimes
twin; sepals ovate, obtuse, rather transparent. 1/. H. Native
along the Mediterranean Sea; and of the kingdom of Naples and
Mauritania. Willd. spec. 1. p. 896. C. stoloniferus, Desr. in
Lam. diet. 3. p. 553. Cyr. pi. rar. fasc. 1. p. 14. t. 5. Ipo-
moe'a stolonifera, Poir. diet. 6. p. 20. C. sinuatus, Petagn.
inst. bot. 2. p. 553. — Mor. hist. 2. sect. 1. p. 15. t. 7. — Barrel,
obs. p. 33. icon. 856. — Convolvulo Marino Imperati, no. 671.
p. 767. Leaves usually lobately palmate, ex Pentagna, 1. c.
Bracteas small. Corolla large, campanulate, cream-coloured.
Plant lactescent. Very like Calystegia soldanella.
Imperati's Bind-weed. PI. creeping.
47 C. ? sagitta'tus (Thunb. prod. 35.) glabrous ; stems fili-
form, prostrate; leaves lanceolate-sagittate: hind lobes acute,
deflexed ; peduncles l-flowered, longer than the leaves. — Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 1. p. 877. Sepals
ovate, obtuse, concave, equal, glabrous. Corollas small, clothed
with rusty villi outside.
SagittaleAeaved Bind-weed. PI. trailing.
48 C. ? hi'rtus (Mill. diet. no. 10. Willd. spec. 1. p. 875.)
stem and petioles pilose; leaves cordate and subhastate, villous;
petinncles manv-flowered ; pedicels naked ; flowers alternate,
pedicellate, having a small lanceolate bractea on each pedicel.
— Native of the East Indies.
Hairy Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. twin-
ing. ?
49 C. Cape'nsis (Willd. spec. 1. p 877.) stems ascending,
glabrous ; leaves linear, hastate at the base : lobes divaricate,
small, glabrous, semibifid ; peduncles 1-flouered, length of
leaves ; stems- decumbent, villous ; sepals ovate, acuminated,
equal. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. hastatus,
Thunb. prod. p. 55. Corolla large, downy outside.
Cape Bind-weed. PI. trailing.
50 C. subloba'tus (Lin. suppl. p. 135.) procumbent, pilose;
lower leaves cordate : superior ones repandly toothed at apex ;
flowers capitate, usually 3 in a head, surrounded by a 6-leaved
involucrum. ©. H. Native of India. Willd. spec. 1. p. 877.
Corolla large.
Sublobate-\es.ved Bind-weed. PI. procumbent.
51 C. ? edu'lis (Thunb. jap. p. 84.) stem creeping, angulaj:
leaves cordate, entire, or S-loljed, glabrous. 1/ . G. Native of
Japan, Willd. spec. 1. p. 875. I'ubers large, fleshy, as in
Batatas cdulis, or sweet potatoe, eatable, of a very pleasant fla-
vour. Perhaps only a variety of Batatas ediilis.
288
CONVOLVULACE.E. XVI. Convolvulus.
Edible-rooted Bind-weed. PI. creeping.
§ 4. Leaves pinnate, jagged, or palmate. Annual and peren-
nial plants.
52 C. platyca'rpos (Cav. icon. 5. p. 55. t. 482.) stems pro-
strate, villous ; leaves pinnate : leaflets sessile, often 3-lobed at
apex, cuneate at the base ; racemes terminal ; pedicels distant,
1-flowered; sepals villous, nearly linear. 0.?G. Native of
Mexico, about Clialma. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 472. Corolla campa-
nulate, twice longer than the calyx, scarlet, divided even to
the middle, into roundish segments, lined with green. Stamens
villous at the base, with red filaments and yellow anthers.
Stigmas subulate. Capsule roundish, compressed, 2-celled, 2-
valved, divided by a dissepiment. Seeds black, dotted, 2 or more
in each cell, fixed to the dissepiment. Perhaps a new genus.
Brodd-J'ruitcd Bind-weed. PI. prostrate.
53 C. lacinia'tus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 546. exclusive of
/) ) stems slender, terete ; leaves finely jagged, somewhat
bipinnate ; segments capillary, 2-3-cleft ; peduncles longer than
the leaves, 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered ; sepals ovate, obtuse,
mucionate, rather scarious. ©■ ? ^- Native near Monte
Video. Cav. icon. 5. p. 479. f. 2. Bracteas linear. Corolla
campanulate, white, twice as long as the calyx. Seeds black,
naked. Leaves similar to those of QuAmoclit vulgaris, glabrous
or silky from pili.
J(iggcd-\ea.\ed Bind-weed. PL 1-2 feet.
54 C. lasia'nphus (Cav. icon. 5. p. 53. t. 479. f. 1.) stems
numerous, simple, prostrate, terete, toraentose ; leaves palraately
jagged, tomentose : segments 7, unequal : middle one largest,
all pinnatifid; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than tiie leaves;
sepals concave, coriaceous, scarious, ovate, acuminated, very vil-
lous. O. ? G. Native of Chili, about Talcahuana. Poir. suppl.
3. p. 463. C. laciniatus, ft, Lam. diet. 3. p. 546. Bracteas
linear, acute. Corolla white, campanulate, nearly funnel-shaped,
villous outside ; segments of the limb obtuse, ending in a small
bristle each. Capsule globose.
Woolty-Jlowered Bind-wind. PI. prostrate.
55 C. Mui.TiriDus (Thunb. prod. p. 35.) leaves palmate ;
lobes 7, linear, entire; peduncles 1-flowered; stems decumbent.
■2^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec 1. p.
S77.
MulliJid-\e?i\-eA Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. CIt. 1822.
PI. dec.
5G C. OBTUsiLOBUs (Miclix. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 139.) plant
prostrate, glabrous; leaves thick, sinuately lobed ; lobes round-
ed, obtuse : the middle lobe large and emarginate ; peduncles
1-flowered ; sepals oblong-oval ; corolla short, campanulate.
"H. H. Native of Georgia and Florida, on the sandy beach.
Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 144. Pers. ench. 1. p. 82. Lower
leaves sometimes not lobed, but repand. Calyx bractless, ex
Michx.
Blutit-lobed-]ea\eti Bind-weed. PI. prostrate.
57 C. littora'lis (Lin. spec. p. 227.) stems creeping ; leaves
large, oblong, lobately palmate, fleshy; peduncles 1-flowered,
rarely 2-flovvered, shorter than the leaves. 1/ . S. Native of
Crabe's Island, near Porto Rico, by the shore. Willd. spec. 1. p.
878. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 546. Plum. spec. 1. ed.
Burm. amer. 90. f. 2. — Plum. mss. vol. 2. t. 5. Stems much
branched. Petioles rather long. Corolla rather large, white,
campanulate, with a spreading, somewhat fringed limb. Capsule
clothed with white silky villi.
Sea-shore Bind-weed. PI. creeping.
Sect. II. Strophocau'los (from rrTpotjiuw, strophao, to twist ;
and cauXoc, Icaulos, a stem.) Stems twining.
§ 1. Leaves sagittate or hastate, or cordately or sagitlately
hastate.
58 C. arve'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 218.) stems angular, striated ;
leaves sagittate, somewhat auricled ; peduncles usually 1-flow-
ered, bibracteate about the middle ; sepals ovate-roundish ;
corolla white or rose-coloured. If.. '~^. H. Native throughout
Europe, in sandy fields, and by road sides ; as well as of China.
Cochinchina, some parts of the East Indies, and Persia ; and of
Virginia, in meadows; very common in Britain. Willd. spec.
1. p. 844. Pursh, fl. amer. sept, 1. p. 144. on the authority
of Gronovius, fl. virg. p. 27. Smith, engl. hot. t. 312, Curt,
lond. fasc. 2. t. 13. Oed. fl. dan. t. 459. Bull. herb. t. 269.
Drev. et Hayn. t. 24. Hayn. term. hot. t. 12. f. 1. a. Plenck,
oft', t. 104. Conv. Chinensis, Ker, bot. reg. t. 322. Conv.
Malcolmi, Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 55. Conv. Mahur, Ham.
herb. Conv. divaricatus, Wall. cat. no. 1422. 1 and 2. Conv.
hastatus, Delisle, descr. a?gypt. p. 55. C. prostratus, Schmidt,
fl. boh. no. 195. Root creeping extensively under gro\md,
diflicult to extirpate. Leaves smoothish. Bracteas in the middle
of the peduncles, or near their top. Flowers sweet-scented. —
There is a variety with 2-flowered peduncles. Leaves varying
in shape, obtuse or acute, having the hind lobes also acute,
obtuse, or angular.
Jar. a, erectus (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 224.) glabrous; stem
erect, neither procumbent nor twining ; leaves hastately-trian-
gular : lobes acuminated, or 2-lobed ; peduncles mostly 2-
flovvered, bibracteate, about equal in length to the leaves : hav-
ing one of the pedicels bracteate, and the other naked ; sepals
mucronate. X- H- Native of Siberia, on the stony banks of
the rivulet called Tiiiguriuk, and the river Katunga, to the
north ; but has not been observed elsewhere. Flowers rose-
coloured or white, with the margins reddish.
I'ar. ft, volithilis (Led. 1. c.) glabrous ; stems twining ; leaves
sagittately triangular : hind lobes acute, 2-lobed at bottom ; pe-
duncles exceeding the leaves, mostly 2-flowered, bibracteate,
having one of the pedicels naked ; sepals roundish, mucro-
nate. 1^. '^. S. Native of Siberia, on mountains near Alexan-
drowbk.
I'ar. y, vulgaris (Ledeb. 1. c. p. 225.) plant rather villous ; stems
sometiines erect, sometimes prostrate or twining ; leaves sagit-
tate or hastate ; lobes oblong : terminal one elongated, roundish,
and mucronate at the apex : lateral ones somewhat 2-lobed, or
somewhat serrated below ; peduncles exceeding the leaves more
or less, 1-3-flowered, bibracteate; pedicels bractless; sepals
roundish, ciliated, hardly mucronate. j!/ . '^. H. Native of
Siberia, frequent in fields.
■ Var. S, angustatus (Ledeb. 1. c.) stems twining ; leaves has-
tate : lobes rounded at the apex : terminal one elongated, ob-
long, mucronate : lateral ones furnished with a straight stretched
out angle ; peduncles usually 1-flowered, longer than the leaves,
bibracteate above the middle; sepals rounded at the apex, some-
what emarginate, sub-mucronate. l^.*^. H. Native of Siberia,
in dry places ; at the rivers Ulegumen and Katunga.
Jar. £, sagiltatus (Ledeb. I.e.) rather pilose; stems twining
a litile ; leaves sagittate ; lobes broad-lanceolate : terminal one
mucronate; peduncles 1-flowered, bibracteate, equal in length
to the leaves; sepals sub-mucronate. %.. '^. H. Native of
Siberia, in dry places, very rare. C. sagittsfolius, Fisch. hort.
gorenk. 1810. p. 28. ? Bieb. fl. cauc. suppl. 3. p. 137.— Gmel.
sib. 4. p. 96. no. 54. t. 48. f. 1.
Corn Bind-weed. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. tw.
59 C. emargina'tus (Link. enum. 1. p. 201.) leaves hastately
sagittate : hind lobes emarginate or bicuspidate ; peduncles ax-
illary, 2-3-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, acute. %..'^. H.
CONVOLVULACE^. XVI. Convolvulus.
289
Native country unknoHn. Stem quadrangular. Young leaves
hoary : adult ones ivitli a few adpressed liairs, as well as the
calyx. Bracteas linear under the calyx. Corolla red.
i!marginate-\obed Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817.
PI. tiv.
60 C. bicuspida'tus (Fischer, ex Link, enum. p. 201.) leaves
hastate: hind lobes bicuspidate ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered;
calycine segments obtuse, emarginate, somewhat apiculated. % .
'^. M. Native of Dauria. Stem glabrous, quadrangular. Leaves
with a lanceolate middle lobe, and recurved hind or lateral
ones, scabrous on the margins. Peduncles longer than the
leaves, bearing a linear bractea above the middle. Calyx gla-
brous. Corolla red.
Bicuspidate-lohed Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. tw.
CI C. auricula'tus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 540. exclusive
of the synonymes) ; leaves linear- hastate, acuminated: hind
lobes entire ; peduncles 2-flowered. 1/ . '^. S. Natives of the
Isle of France. Pers. ench. 1. p. 177. Nearly allied to C.
arvensis, and probably only a variety of it ; but differs from the
common form of that species, in the leaves being narrower,
more oblong, in the peduncles being 2-flowered, nearly the
length of the leaves, and in the bracteas being nearer the calyx.
Root creeping. ?
Auricled-\ea.ved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
62 C. CoRSicus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 256.) leaves
ovate-hastate, rounded at the apex, somewhat emarginate: hind
lobes obtuse. '5/ . '^. H. Native of Corsica. Nearly allied to
some varieties of C. arvensis ; but differs in the shorter petioles,
broader leaves, shorter, thicker peduncles. Superior leaves
smaller, and sessile. Probably only a variety of C. arvensis.
Corsican Bind-weed. PI. tw.
63 C. incarnaVus (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 12.) leaves sagit-
tate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous : hind lobes divaricate, acute,
entire; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the petioles; bracteas
at the base of the peduncle ; sepals lanceolate, acute. 1/ . '^. S.
Native of Curacoa. It differs from C. arvensis, to which it is
nearly allied, in the hind lobes of the leaves being ovate, acute;
in the bracteas being at the base of the peduncles ; in the
flowers being larger. Sec. Corolla large, purple, campanulate.
Flesli-coloureil-flowered Bind-weed. PI. tw.
64 C. Meciioaca'nna (WiUd. anleit. selb. p. 93.) leaves
ovate and lobed, hastate; peduncles thick, 1-flowered. 1/. '^.
S. Native of Brazil ; and Mechoaca, in New Spain. Root thick,
marked under the name of Mechoacanna. Conv. Mechoacan,
V^ittm. summ. 1. p. 434. Conv. Jetiaucu, Pis. bras, with a
figure. Conv. Jatiauca, Gmel. 1. p. 339. with the following de-
scription : " Nearly allied to C. sepium. Root bifid, brown out-
side. Stem many-angled. Leaves cordate-eared, deep green,
nerved beneath. Corolla white or pale red, purple inside.
Seeds brown."
Mechoacan Bind-weed. PI. tw.
65 C. ATRiPLiciFOLius (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 467.) hairy ; leaves
on short petioles, sagittate, truncate behind ; peduncles axillary,
hairy, very long, forked at top, each fork bearing a flower ; calyx
villous : outer sepals the longest, lanceolate, acute, mucronate.
1/. '^. H. Native of Syria, La Billardiere. Hairs on stems
and peduncles rufescent. Peduncles furnished with 2 subulate
bracteas at the fork, and 2 longer ones on each pedicel. Corolla
white, twice as long as the calyx.
A triplex-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
66 C. ACETOSKLL.EFOLius (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 564.)
muricated ; leaves liastately 3-lobed : lateral lobes roundish-
angular ; peduncles short, usually 2-flowered ; sepals short,
ovate, bluntish. ^ . '^. S. Native of the Isle of France. Conv.
lapathifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. C04. Glabrous, as in Jpomoe'a
VOL. IV.
triloba, to which it is neirly allied in habit. Stems terete, and
are, as well as the petioles and peduncles, rough from black
acute tubercles. Leaves almost panduriform. Corolla small,
campanulate, twice longer than the calyx.
Acelosella-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
67 C. inca'nus (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 23.) clothed with silkv to-
mentum ; leaves lanceolate-sagittate, obtuse, a little toothed at
the base ; peduncles 2-flowered, length of leaves ; sepals ovate,
acute: outer ones villous. %.^.S. Native of South Ame-
rica. VVilld. spec. 1. p. 847. Stems terete. Petioles short.
Leaves \\ inch long; hind lobes rounded. The longest pedicel
bibracteate in the middle. Bracteas setaceous. Corolla villous
outside. Capsule glabrous, globose.
Hoary Bind-weed. PI. tw.
68 C. hastaVus (Forsk. descr. p. 203.) stem pilose ; leaves
lanceolate-hastate ; peduncles axillary, twin, 2-flowered ; sepals
acuminated, spreading at apex. 1^. '^. H. Native of Egypt.
Vahl, symb. 1. p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p. 849. Conv. hastifo-
lius, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 467. Petioles one-half shorter than the
leaves. Leaves 2 inches long, glabrous above and villous be-
neath, with rounded auricles, which are sometimes unidentate
behind. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, villous.
Nalbert-haved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
69 C. ScAMMONiA (Lin. spec. p. 218. Roy. ludgb. 427.) gla-
brous ; stem angular ; leaves cordate-sagittate, truncate behind ;
peduncles terete, generally 3 flowered, longer than the leaves;
sepals loose, glabrous, ovate, repand, obtuse, with a reflexed
point. }/ . ^. H. Native of Syria, Mysia, Cappadocia ;
and of the Island of Rhodes, in hedges. Mill. fig. t. 102.
Plench. off", t. 92. Sibth, et Smith, fl. gra^c. t. 192. Woodv.
med. hot. 1. p. 13. t. 5. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 2. t. 173.
Conv. Syriacus, and Scammonia Syriaca, Tourn. inst. 83. —
Morr. hist. 2. p. 12. sect. 1. t. 3. f. 5.— Lob. icon. 620. f. 1. Co-
rollas large, campanulate, cream-coloured, or very pale red. The
roots of Scammony, which are very long and thick, when fresh
contain a milky juice. This is obtained by removing the earth
from the upper part of the roots, and cutting off the tops
obliquely. The milky juice which flows out is collected in a
small vessel sunk in the earth at the lower end of the cut.
Each root furnishes only a few drachms ; but the produce of
several roots is added together, and dried in the sun. This is
the true and unadulterated Scammony. It is light, of a dark
grey colour, but becomes of a whitish yellow when touched with
the wet finger. It is shining in its fracture, has a peculiar nau-
seous smell, and bitter, acrid taste, and forms, with water, a
greenish milky fluid. In this state of purity it seldom reaches
us, but is commonly mixed with the expressed juice of the root,
and even of the stalks and leaves, and often with flour, sand, or
earth. The best to be met with in the shops comes from Aleppo,
in light, spongy masses, having a heavy, disagreeable smell, and
a shining ash-colour, verging to black, friable, and easily pow-
dered ; powder of a light grey, or whitish colour. An inferior
sort is brought from Smyrna, in more compact, ponderous pieces,
with less smell, not so friable, of a darker colour, not so resin-
ous and fidl of sand and other impurities. This last is said to
be the produce of Periploca Scammonium, and of the Cyndn-
clium A'rghil. Resin is the princi])al constituent of Scammony.
Sixteen ounces of good Aleppo Scammony give eleven ounces of
resin, and three ounces and a half of watery extract. .Scammony
is an efficacious and powerful purgative. It may be given tritu-
rated with sugar, or with almonds, and becomes suflficiently safe
and mild in its operation. It may be also given to strengthen
other purgatives, in small quantities, as with powdered rhu-
barb, Src. The common dose of Scammony is from 3 to 1 2
grains ; but when mixed with other purgatives, -J to 1 grain is
sufficient.
P P
290
CONVOLVULACEyE. XVI. Convolvulus.
Scammony Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 159G. PI. tw.
70 C. SiBTHORPii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 285.) leaves
cordate-hastate, acuminated, pilose, angular at the base ; pedun-
cles generally 1 -flowered ; capsule hairy. 1/ . '^. H. Native of
the Island of Samos, and other Grecian Islands, in vineyards
and corn-fields. C. sagittifolius, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grace, t. 193.
but not of Michx.- — Tourn. cor. p. 1. — Bocc. mus. t. S5.
Flowers white, or reddish white ; sepals hairy, ovate, acute.
Very nearly allied to C. Scammonia.
Siblhorp's Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL
twining.
71 C. LouREiRi; stem branched, suffVuticose, slender, pilose;
leaves sagittate-oblong, somewhat truncate at the base ; corollas
yellow, plicate, undivided ; peduncles long, terete, usually 4-
flowered ; bracteas lanceolate. ^ . '^. S. Native of Cochin-
china, in woods. C. Scammonia, Lour, coch, p. 106.
Lonreiro's Bind-weed. Shrub tw.
72 C. Bonarie'nsis (Cav. icon. 5. p. 54. t. 480. f. 2.) stems
filiform, downy ; leaves hastate, cuneated at the base, terminating
each in a bristle ; peduncles generally 3-flowered, shorter than
the leave . 'H..'^. G. Native of Buenos Ayres, in plains.
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 470. Leaves petiolate ; middle lobe linear,
very long, 2 inches, obtuse, 2 lines broad : lateral ones very
short, with a tooth outside. Calyx length of the tube of the
corolla. Corolla sinall, white, variegated witli red veins ; seg-
ments of the limb acute.
Buenoa Ayrean Bind-weed. PI. tw.
73 C. erube'scens (Sims, bot. mag. 10G7. R. Br. prod.
p. 482.) plant rather pilose ; leaves hastate : hind lobes toothed
or cut : intermediate one lanceolate or linear, toothed or quite
entire; peduncles 1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals
equal, ovate, mucronulate, spreading ; capsule erect, 2-valved ;
seeds scabrous. ^ . '^. G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson ; and of Van Diemen's Land. C. rubescens,
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 466. Corollas small, red. Nearly allied to
C. altli(To)dcs and C. brt/onicefdlius.
Recldiih-Howered Biiid-weed. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1803.
PI. tw.
74 C. REMOTUs (R. Br. prod. p. 483.) rather pilose from
adpressed hairs ; leaves hastate, linear-oblong, entire ; pedun-
cles 1-flowered ; sepals equal, ovate, mucronulate ; seeds sca-
brous. If.. '^. G. Native of New Holland, on the South
coast.
Remote-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
75 C. genicula'tus (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1826. p. 17.
pug. 1. p. 15.) radical leaves hastately-cordate, very blunt;
cauline leaves hastately-lanceolate, acute : auricles or hind lobes
angularly toothed; peduncles 1-flowered, length of leaves, joint-
ed and bracteate in the middle, and thickened above ; calycine
segments reflexed nt apex, mucronulate. ©. ^. G. Native of
Australia. Stem angular, pilose. Leaves downy. Bracteas
linear-lanceolate. Corolla pale red, glabrous, 5-lobed, silky un-
derneath at the plicae ; lobes rounded. Capsule size of a pea.
JohUed-nedunded Bind-weed. Fl. July, Au<t. Clt. 1826.
PI. tw. ^ ''
76 C. auiNQUEFL6RUs (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 31. Willd. spec.
1. p. 862.) stems downy, terete; leaves sagittately ovate, atte-
nuated, glabrous, hoary, crenately sub-repand ; peduncles gene-
rally 5-flowered, length of leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, mucro-
nate, rather villous. 1^. ^.S. Native of the Island of Bour-
bon. Hind lobes of leaves erect, truncated behind and uniden-
tate. Peduncles downy : upper ones 3-flowered. Lobes of
corolla bearded at top. Probably a species oflpomce^a.
I'we-Jlowcred Bind-weed. PI. tw.
77 C. ru'ber (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 12.) glabrous; stems terete;
leaves sagittate, emarginate : hind lobes oblong, very blunt, di-
varicate, quite entire ; peduncles length of leaves, bearing about
4 flowers in an umbel, wiiich are at first sessile, but at length
pedicellate, involucrated by 2 ovate membranous leaves ; sepals
unequal, glabrous : 2 outer ones larger, mucronate. 1/ . '^. S.
Native of Tropical America. Stem beset with piliferous dots.
Leaves 2 inches long. Bracteas oblong at the base of the pedi-
cels. Corolla purple. Perhaps a species of /(Jomce'a.
/Jerf-flowered Bind-weed. PI. tw.
78 C. CRENATiFOLius (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 1. t 118. f. a.)
stems terete, downy ; leaves sagittate, acute, crenated ; pedun-
cles long, 10-11-flowercd, umbellate, involucrated at tlie base.
©.'"'. S. Native of Peru, along with C. Hermdnnice. Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 470. Leaves petiolate, 3-4 inches long, crenate at
the base, but generally entire from the middle to the apex.
Bracteas on the pedicels, small, subulate. Corolla middle-
sized ; lobes acute, pilose at apex. Stamens exserted. Stigmas
flat.
Crenate-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
79 C. Cherle'ri (Agardh, ex Roem. et Schidtes, syst. 4. p.
261.) glabrous; stems prostrate, angular; leaves hastately 3-
lobed : lobes linear, very narrow ; peduncles 1-flowered, length
of leaves ; sepals truncately rounded. 1L.1 '^. H. Native
near Malaga. Middle lobe of leaves 3-4 lines longer than the
lateral ones, obtuse, mucronate. Bracteas short, downy. Co-
rolla 3 times longer than the calyx.
Cherler's Bind-weed. PI. tw.
80 C. rufe'scens (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 479.)
plant of a rufous rusty colour ; leaves hastately cordate, acute
at the apex, mucronulate, with sinuated edges : auricles cre-
nately-lobcd ; peduncles short, 1-3-flowered ; sepals ovate, acu-
minated, equal. %.'^.H. Native of the Nilligherry moun-
tains. Stem terete. Sepals ciliated : outer ones downy out-
side. Petioles villous. Capsule glabrous. Nearly allied to
C. atrlpricifhlius and C. crcnalus.
Rufescent Bind-weed. PI. tw.
81 C. PANNiFOLius (Salisb. par. p. 20. Ait. hort. kew.
edit. 2d. vol. 1. p. 328.) canescent ; leaves cordately hastate,
hairy ; peduncles generally 3-flowered ; bracteas linear, distinct
from the calyx ; sepals hairy, oblong, acute ; corollas large, pale
red. Tt . ^. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Ker. bot. reg.
222.
Cloth-leaved Vimd-vieed. Fl. Jime, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub
twining.
82 C. LANUGiNosus (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 23. Willd. spec. I.
p. 847.) stem beset with rust-coloured hairs ; leaves on short
petioles, cordate-oblong, somewhat hastatCj clothed with very
soft, rusty, silky tomentum : auricles bidentate ; peduncles 3-
flowered, pilose ; the 3 outer sepals very hairy, ovate, acumi-
nated, i;. '^. H. Native of the Levant. The two lateral
pedicels bibracteate, and the middle one bractless. Bracteas
lanceolate. Corolla nearly as in Conv. Scammonia, yellowish,
with a lanceolate purple ray outside of each lobe, clothed with
yellowish villi.
Woolly Bind-weed. PI. tw.
83 C. 1 coRDiFOLius (Thunb. prod. p. 35.) downy ; leaves
cordately hastate, acuminated, toothed : hind lobes acute, divari-
cate, glabrous, hairy beneath ; peduncles bifid, umbellate, length
of leaves. If.? '^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 857. Flowers small. Sepals ovate, acumi-
nated, glabrous. Corolla pale blue.
Heart-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
84 C. iiirsu'tus (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 442. cent. pi. ross.
66.) plant clothed with white hairs ; leaves cordate, acute, sub-
hastate : auricles angularly toothed ; peduncles usually 3-flow-
ered, longer than the leaves ; sepals nearly equal, ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated. 1I..'^.H. Native of the South of Tauria,
CONVOLVULACE^.. XVI. Convolvulus.
291
on arid lillls by tlie Black Sea, near Gmsiiph. C. Scam-
monia, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. \-i3. Habit of C. nrvensis. Brac-
teas sul)ulatc. Corollas size of those of C. Scammonia, hairy,
the plicae yellow outside, and the angles purplish.
^airy Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. tw.
§. 2. Leaves cordate, lobed.
85 C. flaVus (Willd. spec. 1. p. 852.) snioothish ; leaves
cordate, repandly sublobate ; peduncles much longer than the
leaves : superior ones 3-floviered : lower ones bifid, many-flow-
ered, li. '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Evolvulus hede-
riiceus, Burm. ind. 77. t. 30. f. 2. Leaves acuminated, rather
scabrous : superior ones obtuse. Lower peduncles bifid, with
3-flowered branches, and a flower in the fork, scabrous from
tubercles. Corolla small, yellow.
I't/Zow-flovvered Bind-weed. PI. tw.
86 C. CALYSTEGioiDKS (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p.
480.) quite glabrous ; leaves cordate-hastate, 5-lobed ; middle
lobe very long: lateral ones sometimes toothed; peduncles 1-
flowered, equal in length to the petioles ; outer sepals largest.
1^. '^. G. Native of China. C. Scammonia, Lour. coch. p.
IOC? Stem terete, striated. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Middle
lobe lanceolate, acute. Corolla campanulate, hardly an inch
long.
Calysfegia-Ulce Bind-weed. PI. tw.
87 C. DicHROus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 263.) hairy ;
stems terete ; leaves subcordate, 3-lobed, hoary beneath ; pe-
duncles many-flowered, longer than the petioles ; sepals narrow,
acute. ©. ? '^. S. Native of Senegal. C. bicolor, Desr. in
Lam. diet. 3. p. 564. Habit of a species of i^witw. Stem beset
with blackish dots, and long stiff hairs. Lobes of leaves ovate,
acute. Peduncles dichotomous. Bracteas twin, subulate at the
forks. Corollas small.
Two-coloured Bind-weed. PI. tw.
88 C. angula'ris (Lin. mant. 203.) stems downy ; leaves vil-
lous, cordate, 5-angled, entire ; peduncles many-flowered, length
of leaves; sepals pilose, acute. ©•? '^. S. Native of Java.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 853. Burm. ind. 40. t. 19. f. 2. Leaves
rather scabrous. Corolla campanulate, 3 times larger than the
calyx, orange-coloured.
Angular-lenveA Bind-weed. PI. tw.
89 C. TOMENTosus (Lin. spec. 222.) stems terete, white,
woolly ; leaves cordate, deeply 3-lobed, clothed with white to-
mentum ; peduncles secund, many-flowered. ©. ? '^. S. Na-
tive of Jamaica. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 504. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 861. — Sloan, jam. p. 55. hist. I. p. 154. t. 98. f. 2. — Plukn.
aim. 115. t. 167. f. 4. Corolla campanulate, purplish. Conv.
tonientosus of Lour, is certainly distinct.
Tomenlose Bind-weed. PI. tw.
90 C. varia'bilis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea, 5. p. 116.)
pilose ; leaves deeply-cordate, acuminated, entire, or angularly
toothed at the base, or hastately 3-lobed, beset with adpressed
hairs, especially beneath : but the hairs on the stems and
peduncles are spreading ; peduncles longer than the leaves,
cymose, many-flowered, 2-7 ; pedicels short, nearly glabrous,
muricated ; sepals elliptic, nearly glabrous, mucronately-acumi-
nated : outer ones ciliated with long hairs, ■y..?'^. G. Na-
tive of Mexico, near Hacienda de la Laguna. Corolla large,
rose-coloured, nearly \\ inch in diameter.
7'ar/oi/e-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
91 C. TRiLOBUs (Thunb. prod. p. 35.) leaves cordate, villous,
3-lobed; lobes ovate, acute; peduncles 1 -flowered. %.'>. '^.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Three-lobedAeayeii Bind-weed. PI. tw.
§. 3. Leaves qtiinate, jicdale, palmate, or jagged.
92 C. ANGUsTissiMus (R. Br. prod. p. 482.) rather pilose ;
leaves cordate, tripartite ; lateral lobes bifid or trifid : the middle
one the longest, narrow-linear, channelled ; peduncles 1 -flower-
ed ; sepals ecjual, oval, nuicronulate ; capsule nutant, 2-valved ;
seeds scabrous. If . '^. H. Native of Van Uiemeii's Land.
Very nearly allied to C. crubesccns.
Very warrott'-lobed-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
9S C. ALTHjioiuEs (Lin. spec. 222.) plant canesccnt, pilose ;
lower leaves cordate, deeply crenated : superior ones pedatifid :
middle lobe long, pinnatifid ; peduncles usually 1-flowered;
sepals ovate, acute. ~lj. . '"'. H. Native of the South of Europe,
North of Africa, Levant, Spain, &c. Willd. spec. 1. p. 862.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 194. Tenor, fl. neapol. 1. p. 58.
Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 316. Desr. in Lara. diet. 3. p. 564.
C. argyree'eus, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 423. — Barrel, icon. t. 312.
— Tourn. inst. p. 85. Leaves shining, silvery. Peduncles
longer than the leaves. Corolla pale red or lilac, large, spread-
ing, entire.
Var. fi, humilis ; plant more dwarf, greener, almost glabrous ;
leaves more divided; peduncles all 1-flowered. 11. '^. H.
Native of the South of France.
y//«/(6ea-leaved Bind-weed. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1597.
PI. tw.
94 C. hasta'tus (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p.
194.) leaves hastately pedate, silky: intermediate segment
sub-lanceolate, much larger tlian the rest; peduncles mostly 2-
flowered, much longer than the leaves; sepals downy, imbri-
cate, oval, obtuse, tinged with purple. Ijl. '^. H. Native on
the high hills of the Red River, contiguous to the confluence of
the Kiamesha, Stem downy. Leaves clothed with short hoary
and silky down ; the first ones simply hastate ; the rest pal-
mate ; commonly producing on each side at base 2 lateral, re-
flexed-toothed, or entire lobes ; the central one more than
double their length, and twice their breadth. This species dif-
fers but little from C. altlueo^des.
Hastute-\ea\ed Bind-weed. PI. tw.
95 C. Ita'licus (Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 266.) hairy ;
radical leaves cordate, wrinkled, repand-toothed, or lobed : cau-
line ones palmately cut ; peduncles longer than the leaves, 2-3-
flowered. If. *"". H. Native of Naples and Italy, in hedges ;
and of the North of Africa. Conv. hirsutus, Tenore, fl. neap,
prod. p. 15. fl. neap. 1. p. 60. t. 15. syn. p. 34. C. althae-
oides, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2747. suppl. 423. Plant less silky, and
much greener than C. ulthcenides. Flowers pale red.
l^ar. (3 ; leaves less hairy ; peduncles generally 1-flowered.
1/ . ^. H. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 266.
lar. y ; plant more erect ; leaves less divided, more hairy.
If..'^. H. Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.
Ilalian Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. tw.
90 C. TENUi'ssiMus (Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. t. 195.) leaves
pedate, silky, shining : lobes linear, obtuse ; radical leaves cor-
date, crenated; peduncles 1-flovvered. If..*^. H. Native of
Candia, and about Athens, on the higher hills ; also of Zante.
C. althaeoides, /3, Lin. spec. 222. C. althaeoides, Desr. in Lam.
diet. 3. p. 505. Conv. TEgypticus, Vesl. aegypt. 73. t. 74.
Conv. elegantissimus, Mill. diet. no. 22. C. althaeoides. Curt,
bot. mag. 359. — Munting, p. 28. f. 137. — Tourn. inst. p. 85.
C. sericeus, Forsk. descr. p. 204. Flowers pale red or rose-
colour. Very like C. allhceuldes.
Very slender Bind-weed. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1597. PI-
twining.
97 C. BRYONi/EFOLius (Sims, bot. mag. t. OiS.) downy; lower
leaves cordate, obtuse, crenated, or toothed; upper leaves some-
p p 2
292
CONVOLVULACE^. XVI. Convolvulus.
what palmately 7-lobed : middle lobe long, toothed, or lobed ;
peduncles long, l-flowered, articulated ; sepals ovate, acute.
■]/ . ^. G. Native of China. Plant rather hispid, green. Brac-
teas subulate. Corolla large, reddish purple.
Bnjomj-leaved Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1802.
PI. tw.
98 C. Fa'lkia (Jacq. hort. schroenbr. 2. t. 198.) root per-
pendicular ; stems numerous, much branched ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-cordate, deeply jagged, rather pilose on both surfaces ;
peduncles hairy, very long, l-flowered; calyx villous ; sepals
ovate, concave, acute: outer ones broader. "H..'~^.G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 462. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Bracteas lanceolate, acute. Corolla campanulate,
with a short white tube, and a flat, 5-lobed, pale flesh-coloured
limb, rather hairy outside. Stigmas thick, cylindrical, obtuse.
Falkia Bind-weed. PI. twining.
99 C. ALCEiFOLius (Lam. ill. no. 2096.) hairy; leaves all
deeply jagged, somewhat palmate ; peduncles few-flowered,
longer than the leaves. %.1 '^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers red ?.
Alcea-lcaved Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
twining.
100 C. Thunbe'rgii (Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 268.) stems
tomentose; cauline leaves palmately and hastately jagged, hairy;
peduncles articulated, usually l-flowered, length of leaves, or
shorter; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, i;.? '^. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Segments of leaves acute ; middle
one the longest, and sinuated.
Thunberg's Bind-weed. PI. tw.
101 C. macroca'ri'us (Lin. spec. 222.) leaves palmately
pedate, 5-parted ; peduncles l-flowered. Q. '^. S. Native of
Martinico. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 544. Willd. spec. 1. p.
864. C. frutescens. Mill. diet. no. 13. t. 56. — Plum. ed. Burm.
amer. p. 80. t. 91. f. 1. Root thick, fleshy, turnip-formed.
Lobes of leaves entire, acute ; the lateral ones not so deep.
Peduncles articulated in the middle, winged. Sepals concave,
roundish. Corolla large, purplish, having the margin sinuated.
Capsule globose, angular, size of a walnut, inclosed in the calyx.
Seeds round, black, villous, size of filberts.
Large-fruited Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752.
PI. tw.
102 C. QuiNQUEFOLius (Lin. syst. 170. spec. p. 166.) stem
hispid ; leaves digitate, glabrous ; leaflets 5-toothed ; pedun-
cles smooth, 3-7-flowered. ©. ^. S. Native of tropical Ame-
rica. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 566. Willd. spec. 1. p. 865.
Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 15. Plukn. aim. 116. t. 167. f. 6.— Plum,
ed. Burm. t. 91. f. 2. — Plum. mss. 2. t. 55. therefore Conv.
pentaphyllus, ft, Lin. spec. 166. Willd. spec. 1. p. 866. Conv.
palm^tus. Mill. diet. no. 8. Sepals oval-oblong. Corolla cam-
panulate, white, 5-toothed.
Five-leaved Bind-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI.
twining.
103 C. gla'ber (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 138. t. 53.) quite gla-
brous ; leaves digitately quinate ; leaflets petiolulate, atteiiuately
acuminated, quite entire ; peduncles branched, divaricate, many-
flowered ; sepals long, firm, smooth, acute. 1{.. """. S. Native
of Cayenne. Willd. spec. 1. p. 866. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p.
566. Corolla white, with a long tube, and spreading limb ;
lobes of limb rounded. Lobes of stigma acute.
Glabrous Bind-weed. Fl. ? Clt. 1806. PI. tw.
104 C. eriospe'rmus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 567.) gla-
brous ; leaves digitate; leaflets generally 8, linear, very narrow ;
racemes small, somewhat secund in the forks of the branches, a
little longer than the leaves ; sepals obtuse ; seeds very hairy.
l2 . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Branches grey. Corolla
cylindrical, purplish. Capsule ovate, smooth. Hairs on the
seeds white, silky.
Woolly-seeded Bind-weed. Shrub tw.
105 C macroca'lyx (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 10. t. 118.
f. a. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 471.) glabrous ; leaves quinate; leaflets
unequal, oblong-lanceolate, quite entire; peduncles very long,
raeemosely forked ; sepals ovate-lanceolate. 1/ . ^. G. Native
of Peru, in groves. Bracteas of the pedicels subulate. Calyx
large, purplish, spreading. Corolla white ; having the tube
length of the calyx, and the lobes of the limb hardly acute.
Stamens exserted. Stigmas flat, ex icon.
Large-cabjied Bind-weed. PI. tw.
106 C. Chile'nsis (Pers. ench. 1. p. 180.) downy; leaves
deeply 5-parted ; segments linear, unequal, diverging, acute :
middle one long, rather undulated : the rest short, marked by the
tooth in the middle ; peduncles l-flowered, shorter than the
leaves, bearing 2 small bracteas at apex; calyx villous. ©.?
2/ . ? '^. F. Native of Chili. Corolla campanulate, spreading,
red ; tube a little longer than the calyx ; segments of the limb
ovate, mucronate. Lobes of stigma elongated. Seeds black.
Capsule globose.
Chili Bind-weed. PI. tw.
107 C. ApocYNOiDES (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 5. p.
117.) herbaceous, clothed with villous, stellate down, intermixed
with short, black, glandular hairs ; the hairs on the upper sur-
face of the leaves 3-parted ; leaves ternate : leaflets oblong-
ovate, acuminated, acute ; peduncles longer than the leaves, 3-7-
flowered ; sepals ovate, long-acuminated, acute, ©. '^. G.
Native of Mexico, near Hacienda de la Laguna. Corolla small,
half an inch long, short, blue.
Apocynum-like Bind-weed. PI. tw.
108 C. heptaphy'llus (Willd. act. am. nat. cur. 4. p. 196.
Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 271.) glabrous; leaves digitate;
leaflets 4, linear-lanceolate : the 2 outer ones bipartite : pedun-
cles generally l-flowered. ©.? ^. S. Native of the East
Indies.
Seven-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
§. 4. Leaves cordate or subcordate, entire. Peduncles many-
Jlorvered.
109 C. nummula'rius (Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 13.) villous; leaves
cordate, mucronate ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the
leaves ; sepals ovate ; bracteas lanceolate. ©. '^. S. Native
of South America. Stems terete. Leaves nearly like those of
Lysimachia nemorum. The 3 outer sepals foliaceous, broadly
ovate, acuminated, villous : the 2 inner ones smaller, oblong,
acuminated. Corolla campanulate, entire.
Moneywort-\ea\eA Bind-weed. PI. tw.
110 C. RAMOsissiMA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 468.) leaves cordate,
quite entire ; stem filiform ; peduncles many-flowered, umbel-
lately cymose ; bracteas subulate. ©. ? '^. S. Native of
Peru, towards Pozuzo. Conv. cymosus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per.
2. p. 9. t. 117. f. b. Pers. ench. 1. p. 178. Stem much
branched. Hairs deciduous. Leaves on long petioles, acumi-
nated, 2-3 inches long, shining above. Peduncles bifid, 5-17-
flowered. Stamens exserted. Stigmas flat.
Much-branched Bind-weed. PI. tw.
inc. Canarie'nsis (Mill. diet. no. 16. Lin. spec. p. 121.)
stems terete, villous ; leaves cordate, downy, oblong, acute ; pe-
duncles many-flowered, longer than the petioles ; calyx villous ;
segments acute. 1/. '^. G. Native of the Canary Islands.
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 556. Willd. spec. 1. p. 858. Sims,
hot. mag. t. 1228.— Comra. hort. 2. p. 101. t. 51. — Plukn.
aim. 114. t. 325. f. 1. Leaves permanent, soft, white beneath.
CONVOLVULACEiE. XVI. Convolvulus.
293
Corolla middle-sized, purplish-violet, hairy outside, at length
almost flat. Stigmas filiform.
Canary-Island Bind-weed. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1G90.
Shrub Iw.
112 C. suBGLOBosus ; stems villous; leaves cordate, acute,
downy ; peduncles short, many-flowered, capitulate ; corolla sub-
globose, campanulate, connivent. 7/ . '^. G. Native of Cochin-
china, in hedges. C. Canariensis, Lour. coch. p. 108. Flowers
white.
Subglobose-Bo^ered Bind-weed. Shrub tw.
113 C. viola'ceus (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 29.) stems, peduncles,
and calyxes villous ; leaves smoothish, or a little hairy, ovate-
cordate, acuminated ; peduncles elongated, bifid, many-flowered,
3-4 times longer than the leaves ; the 2 outer sepals cordate :
the third lanceolate : and the 2 interior ones glabrous, mucro-
nate, much smaller than the outer ones. ©. ? '^. S. Native
of the Island of Santa Cruz. Willd. spec. 1. p. 856. Leaves an
inch long. Bracteas linear-lanceolate at the base of the pedi-
cels. Corolla campanulate, violaceous, with 5 paler rays.
Stigmas reflexed.
riolaceous-flowered Bind-weed. PI. tw.
114 C. tilia'cels (Willd. enum. 1. p. 204.) glabrous; leaves
cordate, acuminated : hind lobes divaricate ; peduncles axillary,
racemosely corymbose, longer than the leaves ; sepals oblong-
lanceolate, iTfucronate, glabrous. 1^.'^. S. Native of Brazil.
Leaves 2 inches long. Nearly allied to C<mv. acuminalus, but
the leaves are never 3-lobed ; and the bracteas are wanting on
the proper peduncles ; and the sepals are difFerent.
Lime-trec-\ea.seA. Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. tw.
115 C. multiva'lvis (R. Br. prod. p. 48;i.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, subcordate, entire, downy ; corymbs pedunculate ;
sepals unequal, acute ; capsules erect, many-valved ; seeds
roughish, with narrow margins. %. '^. S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Far. a ; leaves downy on both surfaces, hardly cordate ; cap-
sule a little longer than the calyx. — Conv. corymbosus, Forst.
prod, but not of Lin.
Far. /3 ; leaves smonthish, subcordate; capsule shorter than
the sepals, which are acuminated.
3Iani/-valied capsuled Bind-weed. PI. tw.
116 C. cilia'tus (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 13.) stems downy;
leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, with subciliated, villous edges ;
heads of flowers pedunculate, very hairy, involucrated. Ij . '^.
S. Native of Cayenne. C. villosus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 177. no.
13. Poir. sup])l. 3. p. 471. Habit of C. Guianensis. Leaves
2 inches long, glabrous above, rather villous beneath, of a
shining yellow colour. Peduncles downy, twice longer than the
petioles. The 2 outer bracteas large, ovate-lanceolate under
the head of flowers, the rest lanceolate, length of calyx, all very
hairy from rusty pili, as well as the subulate sepals.
Ciliated-XeayeA Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub tw.
117 C. crini'tis (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 568.) leaves cor-
date, nearly naked ; heads of flowers very hairy, on long pedun-
cles, involucrated : capsule smooth. 1/. '^. S. Native country
unknown.
Long-haired Bind-weed. PI. tw.
118 C. PARViFLORUs (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 29. Choisy, in
mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 480.) downy ; leaves cordate-ovate,
very acute, glabrous ; peduncles a little higher than the peti-
oles, umbellately many-flowered ; sepals equal, ovate, very
acute. ©. '^. G. Native of India, as in Ava, Prome, Dindy-
gul, Dumraong, &c. ; also of the Islands of Java and Timor.
Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 51. Ipomoe'a parviflora, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 183. Ipomoe'a paniculata, Burm. ind. p. 50. t. 21.
f. 3. Conv. quinquenervius, Ham. herb. C. asclepiudeus.
Wall. mss. Iponioc'a Timoriensis, Blum, bijdr. p. 71 1. ? Leaves
hardly villous on the nerves beneath. Bracteas linear, villous.
Corolla a little longer than the calyx, tubular, 5-lobed at apex,
glabrous, blue : lobes acute, white. Capsule and seeds gla-
brous. Stigmas twisted, cylindrical.
Small-flun'cred Bind-weed. PI. tw.
119 C. verticilla'tus (Lin. spec. 220. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 98.) leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat cor-
date, acuminately mucronate, smoothish above, and clothed with
canescent tomentuni beneath ; corymbs dichotomous, axillary,
nearly sessile, shorter than the leaves ; sepals smoothish, round-
ish, obtuse, nearly equal. 1/ . '^. S. Native of tropical Ame-
rica ; as near Caraccas. Ipomoe~a verticillata, Lin. amocn. acad.
5. p. 394. Conv. spiriilis, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 302. — Plum. icon. t. 94. f. 2. Flowers small, white.
Stigmas terete, revolute.
Vert'icillate Bind-weed. PI. tw.
120 C. polya'nthes (Cham, et Schlecht, in Llnnsea, 5. p.
117.) shrubby ; stems terete, clothed with scattered, somewhat
adpressed, short, white, stellate, 2-3-parted hairs; leaves oblong-
ovate, cordate, long-acuminated, discoloured, sparingly pilose
above, and clothed with short, dirty, yellow tomentmn beneath ;
peduncles many times dichotomous, downy, cymose : every
branch furnished with a lanceolate, acute bractea ; flowers fasci-
cled ; sepals unequal, broad-ovate, short-acuminated: outer ones
the largest, and pilosely tomentose on the back and margins.
fj . '^. G. Native of Mexico, near Hacienda de La Laguna.
Leaves 3 inches long, and l| broad. Corolla funnel- sliaped,
blue, 8 lines long. Perhaps the same as C. viulaccus, Vahl.
Many-Jlowcred Bind-weed. Shrub tw.
§. 5. Leaves cordate or iubcordate, usually repand or crcnated,
rarely entire. Peduncles 1-3-Jlowercd.
121 C. fartnosus (Lin. mant. 2. p. 203.) branches terete,
mealy ; leaves cordate, acuminated, repand, wrinkled above, and
veiny beneath, very blunt and emarginate behind ; peduncles
longer than the leaves, 3- flowered. h . '^. G. Native of Ma-
deira ; and of Mysia and Peloponnesus, in hedges frequent.
Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 35. Sal. par. loud. t. 45. Petioles mealy.
Stipulas hardly any. Calyx terete, close. Corolla small, thrice
larger than the calyx, somewhat flesh-coloured, acute, 5-cleft.
Mealy Bind-weed. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1777. Shrub tw.
122 C. Herma'nni^ (Lher. stirp. 4. p. 67. t. 33.) tomen-
tose, white ; leaves cordate-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles 2-flow-
ered, longer than the petioles ; sepals ovate, acuminated, downy,
nearly equal; limb of corolla acute. 1/ . '^. G. Native of
Peru, in arid places. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 10. Cav.
desc. 98. Conv. crenatus, Jacq. coll. 2. p. 277. icon. rar. t. 315.
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 558. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, cor-
dately sagittate at the base, obtuse, mucronate, crenately repand.
Corolla small, white ; limb crenulated ; lobes acute.
Hermann's Bind-weed. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1799. PI.
twining.
123 C. Massoni (Dietr. gart. nachtr. 2. p. 377. Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 279.) leaves oblong, subcordate, acute ;
stems suffruticose, smooth ; peduncles 3-flowered and many-
flowered. T; . '~'. G. Native of Madeira. C. suflruticosus.
Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 1, p. 330. Ker. hot. reg. 133.
C. Dryandri, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 597. Corollas pink.
Masson's Bind-weed. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1690. Shrub
twining.
124 C. suBEROsus (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 10.) downy ; leaves
cordate, acute, entire ; peduncles axillary, furnished with linear
bracteas in the middle ; sepals ovate, obtuse, a little reflexed.
294
CONVOLVULACE^. XVI. Convolvulus.
glabrous, ciliated. fj . G. Native country unknown. Corolla
white, with 5 hairy purple plicae outside.
Corky Bind-weed. Shrub tvv.
125 C. piLosus (Willd. act. am. nat. cur. berol. 4. p. 196.)
leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, pilose above ; peduncles
usually S-flowered. %..'>. ^. S. Native of the East Indies.
Stems hairy.
Pilose Bind-weed. PI. tw.
126 C. EROSUs (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 558.) tomentose ;
leaves cordate-oblong, obtuse, erose ; peduncles length of
leaves, 2-flowered. %. '^. G. Native of Monte Video.
C. crenatus, /3. Lam. ill. no. 2073. Perhaps only a var. of
C. Hermdnnice.
Erose-\ea\eA Bind-weed. PI. tw.
127 C. plica'tus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 559.) tomentose ;
leaves cordate, acute, angularly serrated, wrinkled, plicate ; pe-
duncles usually 2-floweretl. If. '^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. This species is intermediate between C. crenatus
and C. erusus. Stigmas elongated.
Plicate-\ea\ed Bind-weed. PI. tw.
128 C. Va'hlii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 280.) clothed
with rather silky tomentuni ; leaves cordate-oblong, very blunt,
crenulated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, length of leaves ; sepals
nearly equal, oblong, acutish : 2 inner ones glabrous. 1^ . ?
^. S. Native of Brazil. C. crenat\is, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 31.
Hind lobes of leaves straight, oblong, obtuse. Corolla one half
longer than the calyx, silky, with 5 villous lines outside ; lobes
bearded at apex.
FahPs Bindweed. PI. tw.
129 C. bupe'stris (Willd. spec. 1. p. 846.) glabrous, except
the undersides and edges of the leaves, which are finely pilose
when examined by a lens ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute,
bluntly cordate ; peduncles I -flowered, nearly the lengtli of the
leaves ; sepals ovate, acute, rather pilose. I2 • '^- H. Native
of Siberia. Bracteas setaceous, in the middle of the peduncles.
Leaves 2 inches long. Corolla size of those of Conv. tricolor,
violaceous, flat, 5-plicate ; plica; downy outside. It difliers
from C. Sibiriciis, in the leaves not being acuminated, in the pe-
duncles being 1 -flowered, in the corollas being twice the size,
and violaceous.
Rock Bindweed. Shrub tw.
130 C. FRUTicuLo'sus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 451.) gla-
brous ; stems terete : leaves linear-lanceolate, sub-cordate at
the base, on short petioles ; floriferous branches very leafy ;
peduncles longer than the petioles, but hardly the length of the
flowers. I? . ^. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Bracteas
subulate, unequal. Calyx glabrous. Corolla small, with rather
deep segments, and 5 purple stripes.
Shrubby Bindweed. Shrub tw.
§. 6. Leaves ovate or oblong, and lanceolate or linear.
131 C. ciiENOPODioiDES (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 544.) vil-
lous ; leaves ovate, serrately sinuated ; flowers solitary, nearly
sessile; sepals ovate, acute. IJ.'^. S. Native country unknown.
Leaves hardly an inch long. Bracteas small, filiform. Corolla
narrow, probably tubular.
Goose-fool-like Bindweed. PI. tw.
132 C. tene'llus (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 559.) stems fili-
form ; leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, nearly sessile,
sometimes emarginate at the base ; peduncles longer than the
leaves. 2/ . ? '^. H. Native of Carolina, Eraser. Willd. spec.
1. p. 861.— Plukn. aim. 114. t. 166. f. 4. Peduncles bearing 2
subulate bracteas at apex. Corolla small, campanulate.
Tender Bindweed. PI. tw.
133 C. Havane'nsis (Jacq. obs. 2. p. 45. f. 3.) glabrous;
leaves oblong, shining; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the
1
flower. 1/ . ? ^. S. Native of Cuba, about Havannah. Jacq.
amer. pict. t. 264. Lam. ill. 462. — Vittm. sumni. pi. 1. p. 435.
Stem much branched. Leaves obtuse, quite entire. Corolla
small, white ; tube hardly longer than the calyx ; limb erectish ;
segments long, acute, spreadingly reflexed. Anthers hastate.
Havannah Bindweed. PI. tvv.
134 C. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 136. t. 52.) branches
terete, purplish, villous ; leaves oblong, and are, as well as the
calyxes, tomentose ; peduncles elongated, villous ; flowers capi-
tate ; sepals acute. If . '"'. S. Native of Cayenne and Guiana.
Vahl, symb. 3. p. 28. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 554. Corolla
small, white or bluish, larger than the calyx : lobes acuminated.
Stigmas reflexed.
&M;a?m Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. tw.
t Doubtful species.
1 C. dia'nthus (Gmel. spec. 1. p. 343.) leaves truncately
rounded at base ; peduncles generally 2-flowered. — Native of
deserts, about Cairo. C. bifiorus, Eorsk. fl. segypt. arab. p.
203. Delisl. descrip. aegypt. p. 55.
Two-flowered Bind-weed. PI. tw.
2 C. BETONiciroLius (Mill. diet. no. 20.) leaves cordate-
sagittate; peduncles 1-flowered. ©.? "^ H. Native of the
North of Africa. Convolvulus exoticus betonicre folio, flore
magno albo, fundo purpureo, cat. hort. par. Peduncles long,
slender.
Betony-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
3 C. KosEus (Mill. diet. no. 18.) leaves cordate, acuminated;
peduncles 2-flowered. Q.'~^. S. Native of Jamaica. Conv.
Americanus hirsutus, folio acuminato, flore amplo roseo, Houst.
mss. Petioles and peduncles very long. Calyx deeply parted.
Corolla large, rose-coloured. Seeds large, woolly.
Rose-coloured-^ovtereA Bind-weed. PI. tw.
4 C. gla'ber (Mill. diet. no. 11.) leaves ovate-oblong, gla-
brous ; peduncles 1-flowered; calyx 10-parted. ©. '^. S.
Native of Barbadoes. Stems slender. Flowers large, purple.
Glabrous Bind-weed. PI. tw.
5 C. aristolochi.ef6lius (Mill. diet. no. 9.) leaves hastately
lanceolate: auricles rounded; peduncles many-flowered. 0.
'^. S. Native of Carthagena. Flowers racemose, yellow.
Capside trigonal, 3-celled ; cells 3-seeded. Perhaps a species of
Pharbltis.
Arislolochia-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw.
6 C. cYMOsus (Thunb. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 303.)
stem creeping ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, mucronate, shining
but fulvous and tomentose beneath ; cymes sessile, terminal,
many-flowered; sepals acute, silky. %.'S>. Native of Sierra
Leone. Conv. Senegambise, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 610.
Cymoie-flowered Bind-weed. PI. creeping.
7 C. sPH.^RosTiGMA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 54. t. 481.) leaves cordate,
acuminated, rather villous ; umbels pedunculate ; calyx hairy ;
stigmas twin, divaricate. — Native of the Philippines. Corolla
campanulate, small, pale red : lobes acute. Capsule 4-valved,
2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Perhaps a species of Ipomce'a, or a
new genus.
Round-stigmaed Bind-weed. PI. tw.
■f f The 3 following names occur in append, to Salt's Abys. p.
475, but without any defnition.
1 C. CIRRHOSUS. 2 C. CONGe'sTUS. 3 C. PILOSUS.
What are Conv. arm^tus, Eorsk. descrip. de I'egypt. t. 18.
Delile, desc. egypt. p. 55, as also is Conv. Forskse'li, natives of
Egypt.
Cult. The hardy species of this genus are mostly beautiful
CONVOLVULACE^. XVII. Aniseia. XVIII. Polymeria.
295
plants when in blossom ; common garden soil and a dry situa-
tion, suit tliem best. Tliey are increased by dividing at
the root, or by seed. For culture of the stove species, see
Ipomcea, p. 283.
XVII. ANISE'IA (from aviaoQ, anisos, unequal ; in refer-
ence to the sepals or segments of the calyx being unequal in
size and shape.) Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p.
481. — Convolvulus, Ipomoe'a, and Calystegia species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Sepals 5, disposed in
2-3 series ; the 2 exterior sepals the largest, and inserted lower
down, and also running down the peduncle ; the 3d or interme-
diate sepal, and the 2 interior ones smaller, and inserted higher
upon the peduncle. Corolla campanulate. Style one. Stigma
capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2-celkd, 4-ovulate. Capsule 2-
celled ; cells 2-seeded. — Creeping or difl'use herbs, rarely
twining.
1 A. CALYCiNA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 482.) stem pilose, twining;
leaves oblong-cordate, acuminated, very acute, glabrous, petio-
late ; peduncles hardly the lengtli of the petioles, 1-3-flowered ;
sepals with villous edges : exterior ones sagittate ; corolla tubu-
lar, tj . '^. S. Native of the interior parts of India, as at
Cawnpore, where it was collected by General Hardwicke.
Conv. calycinus, Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 51. Conv.
Hardwickii, Spreng. syst. 4. p. CO. Stems terete. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Petioles pilose. Peduncles villous, furnished with
small, acute bracteoles at the apex. Corolla white. Seeds vil-
lous, particularly on the angles.
Large-calyx Aniseia. Slirub twining.
2 A. Afze'lii ; downy; leaves cordate-sagittate, acuminated :
hind lobes obtuse; peduncles 3-4-fiowered ; calyx foliaceous,
involucriform ; bracteas lanceolate. ©.? '^. S. Native of
Sierra Leone, in humid places. Corolla yellow, with a brown
bottom, 5-lobed, with acute segments.
Afzelius's Aniseia. PI. twining.
3 A. me'uium (Choisy, 1. c.) stems glabro\is ; leaves sessile,
linear-lanceolate, hastately acuminated, auriculately toothed at
the base; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 1 -flowered; exte-
rior sepals sagittately cordate. O. '"'. S. Native of the East
Indies, Java, and Madagascar. Conv. medium, Lin. spec. 218,
exclusive of the syn. of Rheed ; but not of Wall, nor Willd.
Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 542. Conv. Javanen^is, Garc. herb, ex
Burm. fl. ind. p. 43. Stems and peduncles angular. Auricles
of leaves stem-clasping. Leaves glabrous. Bracteas ovate,
acuminated. Auricles of outer sepals rounded or toothed ; the
2 inner sepals acute. Corolla yellow, a little longer than the
calyx. What is Conv. medium, Lour. ?
Intermediate Aniseia. PI. tw.
4 A. UNIFLORA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 483.) stem glabrous or
pilose at the apex, prostrate ; leaves oblong, on very short
petioles, mucronate at the apex, glabrous ; peduncles equal in
length to the petioles, 1-flowered; outer sepals joined oblicpiely
at the base. J/. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Sdhet,
Malabar, and Goalpara ; also of Java. Conv. uniflorus, Desr.
in Lam. diet. 3. p. 544. Burm. ind. 47. t. 21. f. 2. Conv.
emarginatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 23. Ipomoe\i uniflora, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 247. Conv. Rheedii, Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p.
70. Wight, ill. ind. hot. p. 17. t. 8. Conv. Bentiru, Ham.
herb. Ben-tiru-Tali, Rheed, mal. 11. p. 111. t. 54. Stem
terete, radicant. Leaves 1-2 inches long; lower ones some-
times emarginate. Peduncles nutant, beset with brown hairs,
and usually furnished with 2 linear, villous bracteas at apex.
Corolla white, exceeding the calyx a little, clothed with brown
hairs outside. Capsule glabrous, but clothed with silky hairs
inside.
One-flowered Aniseia. PI. prostrate.
5 A. BiFLOiiA (Choisy, 1. c) stem pilose ; leaves cordate-ob-
long ; peduncles twin, shorter than the petioles ; outer sepals
cordate-oblong. 0. H. Native of China. Ipomoe'a biflora,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 1S3. Conv. biflorus, Lin. spec. 168. but not
of Forsk. Stems terete. Petioles pilose. Peduncles hairy,
approximating nearly into one at the base. Corolla white, cam-
pamdate, small. Stigma purple.
Two-flomercd Aniseia. PI. erect or diffuse.
6 A. BARLERioiDES (Choisy, 1. c. p. 284.) stems elongated,
downy ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the apex, usually obtuse,
entire at the base, or hardly cordate, on very short petioles ;
peduncles 1-flowered, exceeding the petioles ; outer sepals ob-
long-lanceolate, acute ; corolla long, tubularly funnel-shaped.
1^. G. Native of India, as of Gorackpur, Sukanagur, Kamaon,
Mysore, &c. Conv. oblongus. Wall. cat. no. 1382. Conv.
subacaiilis, and Conv. barlerioides. Ham. herb. Wall. cat. no.
2256. Stems beset with grey or yellow down. Root thick,
twisted. Leaves often mucronate, 1-2 inches long, clothed with
adpressed hairs on both surfaces. Peduncles and petioles
downy. Calyx villously downy. Corolla with an entire pli-
cate limb, smoothish, 2-3 times longer than the calyx.
Barliria-Uke Aniseia. PI. diffuse.
7 A. sALiciFOLiA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 482.) glabrous ; leaves lan-
ceolate, serrated, on short petioles ; calyx angular. 1/ . S. Na-
tive of St. Domingo. Conv. salicifolius, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3.
p. 542. Leaves acute at both ends, 3-4 inches long. Peduncles
1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas small, subulate,
under the tops of the peduncles. Sepals large, acute at both
ends.
JVillow-leaved Aniseia. PI. diffuse.
8 A. Martinice'nsis (Choisy, 1. c.) glabrous ; stems terete,
creeping; leaves elliptic; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the
leaves : the 3 outer sepals ovate, acute, very large, and very
loose : the 2 inner onec much smaller, lanceolate, acuminated.
11. S. Native of Martinico, in shady, inundated places. Conv.
Martinicensis, Jacq. amer. p. 26. t. 17. pict. p. 19. t. 29.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 878. — Loefl. itin. p. 231. Leaves 2 inches
long. Bracteas small. Corolla white.
Martinico Aniseia PI. creeping.
Cult. Elegant plants when in blossom. See Calonyction,
p. 264, for the culture of the perennial, herbaceous kinds ; ami
Pharbilis, p. 263, for the annual species.
XVIII. POLYME'RIA (from tvoXvq, polys, many ; and |U£pic,
meris, a part; in allusion to the stigma being divided into many
parts.) R. Br. prod. p. 488. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen.
6. p. 484.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, plicate. Style one ; stigmas 4-6, acute.
Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Capsule 2-4-valved, 1-
celled, 1-2-seeded. — Diffuse or creeping, non-lactescent herbs,
natives of Australia. Peduncles axillary, bi-bracteate. This
genus differs from Concohndiis, in the greater number of stigmas,
and the cells of the ovarium being only 1-seeded.
1 P. CALYCINA (R. Br. prod. p. 488.) sepals unequal : outer
ones cordate at the base ; seeds glabrous. 1/ . G. Native of
New South Wales, and New Holland, within the tropic.
Var. a ; leaves oblong, obtuse, smoothish. 1/ . G. Native
of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Far. ft i leaves oblong-linear, clothed with very fine down.
%. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
296
CONVOLVULACE^. XVIII. Polymeria. XIX. Calvstegia.
Large-calyxed Polymeria. PI. creeping. ?
2 P. PUslLLA (R. Br. 1. c.) sepals equal ; leaves cordate,
somewhat emarginate ; peduncles 1-flovvered ; seeds ratlier vil-
lous. %. S. Native of New Holland, williin the tropic.
Var. a ; leaves ovate, obtuse.
Var. p; leaves sub-hastate, linear.
Small Polymeria. PI. creeping.
3 P. quadriva'lvis (R. Br. 1. c.) sepals equal ; leaves cor-
date, obtuse, glabrous above, but downy on the veins beneath ;
peduncles 1-flowered ; capsule 4-valved, 2-seeded ; seeds
tomentose. 1/ . S. Native of New Holland, wiihin the tropic.
i^our-Da/i'erf-fruited Polymeria. PI. creeping.
4 P. lana'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) sepals equal; leaves cordate, ob-
tuse, mucronulate, woolly on both surfaces, as well as the seeds ;
peduncles 1-flovvered. Tj. . S. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic.
Woolly Polymeria. PI. creeping ?.
5 P. AMBiGUA (R. Br. 1. c.) sepals equal; leaves cordate-
oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, smoothish above, and woolly be-
neath ; peduncles l-:j-flowered. %. S. Native of New Hol-
land, within the tropic.
Ambiguous Polymeria. PI. creeping.
Cult. The species of Polymeria will grow in a mixture of
sand and loam ; and they are easily increased by separating the
creeping, rooted shoots, or by cuttings.
XIX. CALYSTE'GIA (from caXu^, calyx ; and ortyw, strgo,
to cover ; in reference to 2 large opposite bracteas which inclose
the flower.) R. Br. prod. p. 483. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys.
gen. 6. p. 485. — Convolvulus species of Lin. and other authors.
Lin. syst. Penldmlria, Monogi/nia. Calyx 5-parted, inclosed
within 2 foliaceous bracteas. Corolla campanulate, 5-plicate.
Style one; stigma 2-lobed : lobes terete or globose. Ovarium
2-celled ; cells 2 -ovulate. Capsule 1- celled from the shortness
of the dissepiment. — Lactescent, glabrous, twining, or prostrate
herbs. Peduncles solitary, 1-flovvered.
1 C. se'pium (R. Br. prod. p. 483.) leaves sagittate or cor-
date, very acute : hind lobos obtuse or truncate, entire ; brac-
teas cordate, keeled, acute, longer than the calyx, but one half
shorter than the corolla ; peduncles tetragonal, exceeding the
petioles; sepals acute, i;.'^. H. Native througliout Europe,
in hedges; also of Caucasus, and on the banks of t!ie river St.
Laurence ; New South Wales, south coast of New Holland, and
Van Diemen's Land. Very common in Britain. Conv. sepiuni,
Lin. spec. 1. p. 218. WiUd. spec. 1. p. 844. CEd. fl. dan. t. 458.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 313. Curt. fl. lond. 1. t. 13. Stev. and
Church, med. bot. l.p. 1 1 . t. 2. — Plenck. oflT. t. 91. Mayer-
hofTer, fl. mon. t. 27. Conv. Tuguriorum, Forst. prod. no. 74,
is hardly distinct. Flowers white, sometimes tinged with red.
Roots creeping much, and difficult to extirpate ; and, like the
roots of most perennial convolvulaceous plants, are purgative in
a greater or less degree. A pill composed of one ounce and a
half of the extract of this root, two drachms of aloes, and one
drachm of ginger, acts with certainty and ease in doses of 10
grains, and might be substituted in most cases for the compound
extract of colocynth, where economy is required. Haller
affirms, that the expressed juice, if taken in the quantity of 20 or
30 grains, possesses the virtues of scammony : hence it is some-
times called German scammony, and is recommended by Dr.
Mason Good, as a hydrogogue purgative in dropsies.
Far. (3, incarnata ; corollas pale red ; white, with a red
border, or beautiful crimson, as figured in bot. mag. no. 732.
1/ . ^. H. Native of North America, from Canada to Carolina,
in hedges, and among bushes, sometimes trailing on the ground.
Conv. repens, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 137. Lin. spec. ed.
1st. p. 158. ed. 2d. p. 225.— Gron. virg. p. 28.
Var. y, mariiima (Gouan. monsp. p. 27.) leaves narrower,
more fleshy, nearly lanceolate.
Hedge Calystegia, or Common Bind-vs'eed. Fl. Ju. Sept.
Britain. PI. tvv.
2 C. subvolu'bilis ; stems erect at bottom, smoothish, but
twining at top, and rather villous ; lower leaves mucronate, cor-
dately sagittate : with the hind lobes roundish ; superior leaves
acuminated, hastate ; peduncles erect, longer than the leaves ;
bracteas broad-cordate, acute, rather hairy, one half longer than
the calyx ; sepals ovate, acute. IJ . '^. H. Native of Dahuria,
in stony, mountainous places. Conv. snbvolubiiis, Bunge, in
Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 205. fl. alt. 1. p. 222. Root creeping.
Corolla pale red, larger than that of C. sepium.
Somewhat-twining Calystegia. PI. twining.
3 C. PELLITA ; twining, villous ; leaves ovate-oblong, mu-
cronate, somewhat cordate at the base ; peduncles about equal in
length to the leaves ; bracteas cordate, acute, villous, one half
longer than the calyx ; sepals elliptic, acuminated, ciliated, vil-
lous. %.'~^.Y\. Native of Siberia, near Irkutsk. Conv. pel-
litus. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 206. fl. alt. 1. p. 223. Hind lobes
of leaves drawn out, rounded, and mucronate.
Clothed Calystegia. PI. twining.
4 C. sylve'stris (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 183.) leaves
cordate-sagittate : hind lobes angularly truncate, approximate ;
peduncles nearly terete ; bracteas ovate, obtuse or emarginate,
concave, swollen, keeled, longer than the calyx ; sepals obtuse.
1/. '^. H. Native of Hungary, about Mehadia, near the hot
baths of Hercules. Conv. sylvaticus, Willd. enum. 1. p. 202.
Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 290. t. 261. Schultes, oest.
fl. 2. ed. 1. p. 381. Very nearly allied to C. sepium. Co-
rollas large, white.
H'';/rf Calystegia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. tw.
5 C. Luca'na; leaves sagittate: hind lobes entire; pedun-
cles tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; bracteas ovate-oblong,
acuminated, clasping the calyx ; corolla with a long sylindrical
tube. 1/ . ,^. H. Native of Lucania, in woods. Convolvulus
Lucanus, Tenore, fl. neap. prod, append. 5. 1826. Tube of
corolla 2-3 inches long ; limb white, red below. This species
difters from C. sepium in the tube of the corolla being cylin-
drical, and twice as long, in the bracteas being concave, and
clasping the calyx, not flat.
Lucania Calystegia. PI. tw.
6 C. Dahu'rica (Sims, bot. mag. 2609, under Convolvulus.)
stems tomentose ; leaves glabrous, oblong-cordate, having the
margins and nerves on the under side tomentose ; peduncles
tetragonal, tomentose; bracteas broad-ovate, acute, longer than
the calyx ; sepals lanceolate, acute, the 2 outer ones broadest.
It . '^. H. Native of Dahuria. Corolla of a rosy purple colour.
Roots creeping.
/)«/(«>•;«« Calystegia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. tw.
7 C. Catesbya'na (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 729.) tomen-
tose ; leaves oblong-sagittate, acuminated; peduncles 1-flowered,
shorter than the leaves ; bracteas oval, obtuse, longer than the
calyx. 2/.'^. H. Native of Carolina. Conv. CatesbseM, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 603. Flowers large, purple.
Catesby's Calystegia. PI. tw.
8 C. parado.xa (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p, 729.) trailing,
tomentose; leaves oblong, cordately sagittate, acute; peduncles
elongated, 1-flovvered, longer than the leaves ; bracteas linear,
remote from the flower ; calyxes naked, glabrous, acuminated.
Tl. H. Native of Virginia or Carolina. Conv. paradoxus,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 608. Flowers large, white.
Paradoxical Calystegia, PI. trailing.
CONVOLVULACEyE. XIX. Calystegia. XX. Siiutereia. XXI. Skinneria.
297
9 C. soldane'lla (R. Br. prod. p. 483, in a note.) trailing,
glabrous ; leaves rather fleshy,
reniforni, entire, or a little an- FIG. .30.
gular; pediinclesangiilar: angles
winged ; bracteas large, ovate,
blunt, mucronate, generally
shorter than the calyx. 1/ .
H. Native of many parts of
Europe, along the sea coast ;
and along the Euxine sea, in
Tauria. Found in several places
along the coast of Britain.
Conv. soldanella, Lin. spec. p.
226. Su ith, engl. bot. t. 314.
Regnault, bot. t. 402. Plenck,
off. t. 93. C. T-iaritimus, Lam.
fl. fr. 2. p. 265.— Lob. icon. t.
602. f. 2. Flowers large, pale
red, with 5 longitudinal, yel-
lowish plicEe. Seeds angular.
The sea bindweed aboimds on sea-coasts, where the inhabitants
gather the tender stalks, and pickle them. It is considered
rather of a cathartic quality.
Soldanel/a-leaved Calystegia. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI.
trailing.
10 C. margina'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 483.) trailing, glabrous;
leaves sagittate, veiny, acute : hind lobes acutish, and a little
toothed ; bracteas obtuse, one half longer than the corolla ; pe-
duncles angular, shorter than the petioles : angles marginate,
undulated. 1^, G. Native of New South Wales, about Port
Jackson.
J\Iarginate-\)edimc]eA Calystegia. PL trailing.
lie. RENiFORMis (R. Br. 1. c.) prostrate, glabrous ; leaves
reniform, sub-repand, thickish ; peduncles nearly terete ; brac-
teas cordate, length of calyx. 1/ . F. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of Chili, about Conception.
Hook, et Am. Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 35. Sweet, fl. ga\d. 2.
t. 181. Conv. reniformis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 609. Very nearly
allied to C. soldanella, but differs in the peduncles being nearly
terete, &c. Corolla pale red.
/JcHJ/brni-leaved Calystegia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. prostrate.
12 C. iiedera'cea (Wall, fl. ind. 2. p. 94.) glabrous; stems
angular; radical leaves ovate-sagittate, of the stem deeply 3-
lobed ; peduncles 1-flowered, angular; corolla hardly an inch
long. ©. '^. G. Native of Nipaul, Penang. Conv. Walli-
chianus, Spreng. syst. 4. p. 61. Corolla pale purple.
Ivy-tike Calystegia. PI. tw.
13 C. grandifiora ; glabrous; leaves cordate, acuminated,
mucronate ; auricles rounded, entire on the angles ; peduncles
l-flowered, angular, nearly as long as the leaves; bracteas cor-
date, acuminated, twice as long as the calyx. %. '~^. S. Native
of Guayaquil. Convol. grandiflorus, Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Corolla large, purple.
Greal-jlon'ered Calystegia. PI. twining.
14 C. tomentosa (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 143.) erect,
tomentose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate : hind
lobes obtuse ; peduncles 1-flowered, elongated; bracteas ovate,
acute; sepals lanceolate ; stem floriferous below. 1(1. H. Na-
tive from Canada to Virginia, on dry rocky hills. Conv. stans,
Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 136. Flowers large, white.
Tomcji/ose Calystegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
15 C. spitham^'a (R. Br. prod. 483, in a note. Pursh, fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 143 ) erect, downy; leaves subcordate-oval,
obtuse ; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas
ovate, acute; stem floriferous above. %. H. Native from
VOL. IV.
Pennsylvania to Carolina, on dry hills. Hook. exot. fl. t. 97.
Conv. spithamce'us, Lin. spec. 225. Willd. spec. 1. p. 873.
Flowers white, middle-sized.
Span Calystegia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. }, to 1
foot.
Cult. The species are elegant when in blossom, and are of
the most easy culture. They will grow in any common garden
soil, and are easily increased by pieces of the roots, or by seeds.
The C. soldanella, a native of the sea-shore, thrives best if
watered with salted water now and then.
XX. SHUTERE'IA (named after Dr. Shuier, who collected
many plants in the neighbourhood of Madras.) Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 486. — Convolvulus, Ipomoe'a, and Calys-
tegia, species of authors.
Lin. svst. Pentdndria, Monogtpna. Calyx of 5 unequal
sepals. Corolla campanulate. Style one ; stigma 2-lobed :
lobes ovate, flattened. Capsule i-celled, 4-seeded. — Herb
twining.
1 S. BicoLOR (Choisy, 1. c. p. 486.) stem villous ; leaves
ovate-cordate, entire, or usually sinualely angular ; peduncles
usually 1-flowered, bracteate, exceeding the leaves; outer sepals
large, involucrating the flower. ©. '~^. S. Native of the East
Indies, as of Coromandel, Pegu, Ava, Nopalry, Coiirtall, Ran-
goon, Straits of Sunda, &'c. Conv. bicolor, Roxb. hort. beng.
p. 14. Vahl. synib. 3. p. 25. Sims, bot. mag. 2205. Wall.
fl. ind. 2. p. 57. Ipomoe'a bicolor. Sweet, hort. brit. p. 287.
Calystegia Keri&na, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 287. Conv. subloba-
tus, Lin. snppl. p. 135, ex Wall. Conv. involucratus, Ker, bot.
reg. 318, but not of Beauv. Conv. bracteatus, and C. bicolor.
Herb. madr. Conv. iVIalabar, and C. gemellus, Russ. herb.
Leaves 1-3 inches long, glabrous, villous or hairy. Peduncles
villous : Bracteas attenuated at both ends, downy, close to the
flower. Outer sepals villous; inner ones linear lanceolate, gla-
brous, all remaining round the fruit at length. Corolla villous
outside, yellow ; bottom of the bell deep purple. Capsule hairy,
4-seeded, rarely 2-3-seeded by abortion.
Var. ft, hracteata ; peduncles shorter ; leaves nearly entire,
and haslately 3-lobed. ©. '~^. S. Conv. bractektus, Vahl,
symb. 3. p. 25. Ipomoe'a bracteata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 227.
Twio-coZoured-flowered Shutereia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. tw.
Cult. This is a beautiful plant when in blossom. The seeds
of it should be raised on a hot bed in spring ; and the plants,
when of sufficient size, should be planted into separate pots, and
trained to sticks, and then placed in a stove or greenhouse,
where they will blossom, and ripen their seed. A few plants
may be tried out in the open border, in a warm, sheltered
situation.
XXI. SKINN&RIA (named in honour of Capt. Thomas
Skinner, of the East India Company's Service, who lately visited
the fountains of the rivers Jumna and Ganges, and Himalaya.)
Choisy, in mem, soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 487. — Convolvulus species
of authors.
LiN. SYST. Peitldndria, Monogijnia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Corolla small, and as if it were urceolate. Style one; stigma
capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 1-celled, 4-ovulate. Capsule 1-
ceiled. — Tufted herbs.
1 S. CjEspitosa (Choisy, 1. c.) stems herbaceous, diffuse ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, on short petioles; peduncles
sometimes simple, sometimes loosely brachiate, many -flowered ;
sepals ovate, obtuse ; corolla veiny, pale yellow. $ S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, as of Gualpara, Dinagapore, Rungpore,
Tavoy, &c. Conv. csespitosus, Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 70.
Q Q
298
CONVOLVULACE^. XXII. Porana. XXIII. Duperreya. XXIV. Neuropeltis.
Conv. pratensis, Ham. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 1357. Conv.
Benthamii, Wall. cat. no. 1393. Stems glabrous or villous.
Branches usually beset with rufous hairs. Leaves glabrous, 2-3
inches long. Petioles generally hairy. Sepals glabrous. Co-
rolla glabrous, yellowish, hardly plicate at apex. Capsule and
seeds glabrous, rarely 2-3-seeded by abortion.
Tufted Skinneria. PI. diffuse.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pharlnth, p. 263.
XXII. PORA'NA (probably from irooivw, porewo, to extend
from the rambling branches.) Burm. fl. ind. p. 51. t. 21. f. I.
Schreb. gen. no. 286. — Lam. ill. t. 186. Juss. gen. p. 420. ed.
Usteri, p. 400, Dinetus, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 127.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx middle-sized, of
5 sepals, increasing wonderfully and unequally after florescence.
Corolla campanulate, or tubularly funnel-shaped. Style one,
entire or semi-bifid ; stigmas capitate. Ovarium 1-celled, 2-4-
seeded. Capsule 1-celled, usually 1-seeded. — Climbing herbs,
nearly all natives of India.
1 P. volu'bilis (Lin. syst. p. 200. Burm. ind. 1. c.) suf-
fruticose, twining ; leaves cordate, acuminated, glabrous ; pani-
cles dense-flowered ; sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous, equal ;
corolla 5-cleft, exceeding the calyx a little. Tj . ^. S. Native
of Bengal, Sirmore, and the Straits of Sunda. Lam. ill. t. 186.
Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 40. Stems terete, glabrous, smooth or covered
with white warts. Lobes of corolla obtuse, yellow, veined.
Stigmas slender, glabrous. Flowers numerous, small, white,
scentless.
Twining Porana. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub tw.
2 P. acumina'ta (Beaiw. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 65. t. 49.) suffiuti-
cose, twining ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles
dense-flowered ; sepals ovate, obtuse, villous ; corolla 5-parted,
2-3 times higher than the calyx. f? . '^. S. Native of Guinea,
in the kingdom of Waree. Stem glabrous, smooth. Leaves IJ
inch long, and 1 broad. Panicles elongated, naked, branched.
Bracteas pressed to the calyx, small, acute, villous. Flowers
small, white ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute, veiny, ciliated, and
villous inside. Stigmas slender, globose.
Acuminatcd-\ea\ed Porana. Shrub twining.
3 P. RACEMosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 41. Coll. append. 3. p.
48. mem. act. tur. 33. p. ICO.) plant herbaceous, twining;
leaves cordate, acuminated, gla-
brous or downy ; panicles loose- FIG. SI.
flowered; sepals lanceolate, vil-
lous, acute, after inflorescence
becoming ovate, scarious, gla-
brous ; corolla exceeding the
calyx much. Q.^. H. Native
of Nipaul, Kamaon, and Silhet.
P. dichotoma. Ham. mss. ex
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 99.
P. cordifolia, Ledeb. ind. sem.
hort. dorp, suppl. 1824. p. 6.
Dinetus racemosus. Sweet, brit.
fl. gard. t. 127. Stems terete
or angular, glabrous, smooth or
strigose. Leaves 3-4 inches
long, with a wide recess at the
base. Panicles composed of
racemes, leafy. Flowers small,
white. Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous ; segments of the limb
ovate, acute.
Racemose-Qowered Porana. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1823. PI.
twining.
4 P. PANicuLATA (Roxb. cor. t. 235. fl. ind. 2. p. 39.) suf-
fruticose, twining, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves cordate,
acuminated, glabrous above, and hoary beneath ; panicles large,
much branched ; sepals linear-subulate, unequal after florescence,
3 of which are acute and scarious ; corolla 3 times higher than
the calyx. I^ , '^. S. Native of India, as of Bengal, ruins of
Gowr, Ramajahl hills, Saharampore, Hurdwar, Silhet, Kamaon,
banks of the Irrawaddi, &c. P. tomentosa, Lesch. mss.
Dinetus paniculatus. Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. P. cordata,
Gaur. Stems terete. Leaves 3 inches long, and 1| broad.
Panicles leafy. Bracteas at the base of the pedicels. Flowers
very small, pure white. Corolla tubularly campanulate.
Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Capsule glabrous, compressed, con-
taining only 1 seed, which fills the capsule.
PanicledRowered Porana. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub twi-
ning.
5 P. GRANDiFLORA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 43.) plant
herbaceous, twining ; leaves cordate, acuminated, aristate, sca-
brous above, and usually glabrous beneath ; panicles loose-
flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, increasing much after
florescence ; corolla more than an inch long. ©. '^. H. Native
of the East Indies, as of Katumanda, Shivapoor mountains,
Hutowdal, Nepaul, Chandigherry, &c. Stem angular, branched,
glabrous, or hairy. Leaves 2-6 inches long, and 1-3 broad.
Panicles racemose, axillary, hardly branched. Bracteas small,
filiform. Sepals smoothish or ciliated. Corollas funnel-shaped,
rose-coloured ; limb 5-plicate, entire, glabrous. Capsule mem-
branous, containing one ovate-spherical, glabrous seed.
Great-Jlowercd Porana. PI. twining.
Cult. The shrubby species of Porana are well adapted for
training on rafters or pillars, in a stove, or warm part of a green-
house ; a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is the best soil for
them ; and cuttings will strike root readily in the same kind of
soil, under a hand-glass. The annual species are hardy, and
grow fast when planted in a sheltered situation, and soon make
a good covering for a temporary arbour ; or they may be
trained on branches of trees ; their flowers are produced in great
profusion in autumn.
XXIII. DUPERREY'A (named in compliment to Louis
Isidore Duperrey, an officer in the French navy, who collected
many specimens of plants for Gaudichaud, during his hydrogra-
phic voyages.) Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. hot. p. 452. t. 63.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, propped
by 2 smaller bracteas, increasing much after florescence, mem-
branous, reticulately-nerved, and spreading. Corolla somewhat
funnel-shaped, plicately 5-lobed. Stamens inclosed. Ovarium
1-celled? Style exserted ; stigma large, thick, trigonally cor-
diform. Capsule elliptic, indehiscent, membranous, 1-seeded.
Seed fixed to the bottom of the cell, sessile, elliptic. Album.en
mucilaginous. — A small shrub, with narrow, alternate leaves ;
axillary, solitary, pedicellate, bluish flowers, the whole forming
a leafy raceme.
1 D. sERicEA (Gaud. I. c.) I; . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the west coast, in Shark's Bay.
Silky Duperreya. Shrub small.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Bondmia, p. 300.
XXIV. NEUROPE'LTIS (vtvpof, neuron, a nerve ; and
tteXtt], pelte, a buckler ; in reference to the nerved bractea,
which props the fruit.) Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 43. Choisy, in mem.
soc. pliys. gen. 6. p. 491.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx of 5 permanent
sepals. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted, flat. Styles 2 ; stigmas
fleshy, reniform. Capsule 1-seeded, large, dilated, membranous,
propped by a floral leaf. — Weak, erect, spreading shrubs.
1 N. RACEMOSA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 43.) woody; stem glau-
cous, cinereous, dotted with white ; leaves ovate, entire, approxi-
CONVOLVULACE^.. XXV. Pkevostea. XXVI. Breweria.
299
mate, acute at both ends, petiolate, coriaceous ; racemes axil-
lary, erect ; bractea roundish, surrounding the capsule. Tj . S.
Native of Penang, where it was collected by W. Jack. Young
branches downy Leaves niunerous, 3-4 inches long, downy be-
neath. Racemes 4 or more from the same axil, 1-3 inches long.
Racemose-tioweredi Neuropeltis. Shrub.
2 N. ova'ta (Wall. cat. no. 1323. Choisy, 1. c. p. 492.)
woody ; stem white, rugose, beset with white dots ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, with revolute edges, but not coriaceous; bractea
ovate, surrounding the capsule, which is about the size of the
fruit of Tilia. Tj . S. Native of the Burmann Empire, at
Amherst. Leaves 3-4 inches long, glabrous on both surfaces.
Racemes shorter than the leaves. This species is very nearly
allied to the first ; but differs, in the leaves being oblong-lan-
ceolate, not ovate, coriaceous ; in the bractea surrounding the
fruit being ovate, not roundish, and in the capsule being larger.
Oi'a/e-bractead Neuropeltis. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bonamia, p. 299.
XXV. PREVO'STEA (named after M. Prevost, of Geneva.)
Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 492. — Calycabolos, Willd.
— Dufoiirea, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 113. —
Dethardingia, Nees, et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 79. —
Reinwardtia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digyiiia. Calyx of 5 sepals, the 2
outer ones large, and involving the flower. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a plicate limb. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
Styles 2, or style one, deeply bipartite ; stigmas capitate. Cap-
sule 2-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. — Twining shrubs, natives of
South America. Leaves entire. Peduncles many-flowered,
axillary and terminal, panicled. Corollas white.
1 P. gla'bra; leaves glabrous; peduncles axillary, many-
flowered ; outer sepals green. h . ^. S. Native of the Mis-
sions of the Orinoco, on the banks of the Cassiquares, near San
Francisco Solano. Dufoiirea glabra, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
3. p. 114. Reinwardtia glabra, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 863.
Shrub much branched ; branches terete. Leaves obovate, ob-
tuse, mucronate, cordate at the base, 2| inches long, full of
pellucid dots. Corollas white.
Glabrous Prevostea. Shrub twining.
2 P. SERicEA ; leaves silky beneath ; panicles terminal ; outer
sepals coloured. I; . '^. S. Native of New Granada, near the
town of Mariquita, at the altitude of 400 hexapods. Dufoi\rea
sericea, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 114. t. 214. Rein-
wardtia sericea, Spreng. 1. c. Young branches clothed with
silky down. Leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, cordate
at the base, glabrous above, but clothed with yellowish, silky
down beneath, 3-4 inches long, and 2 broad, dotted. Corollas
white.
Silky Prevostea. Shrub tvv.
3 P. hetera'ntha ; villous ; leaves cordate-ovate, acute,
rather angular ; peduncles 3-flowered, about equal in length to
the leaves ; sepals unequal, 3 outer ones larger, green. 7/ . '^.
S. Native of Brazil. Dufoiirea heterantha, Mart, in nov. act.
bonn. 11. p. 79. Convolvulus Martii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598.
Corolla blue. Style undivided. Perhaps Ipomce'a Weinmanni,
Roem. et Schultes, is a species of Prevuslea.
Variable-flowered Prevostea. Shrub twining.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Parana, p. 298.
XXVL BREWE'RIA (named in memory of Samuel Brewer,
who is much praised by Dillenius, in his Historia Muscorum.)
R. Br. prod. 487. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 487.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digijnia. Calyx of 5 equal sepals.
Corolla funnel-shaped, or campanulate, plicate. Style one, bifid ;
stigmas 2, capitate. Capsule 2-celled, valvate ; girded by the
calyx, which is scarcely changed; cells 2-seeded. — Diffuse, non-
lactescent herbs. Leaves entire. Flowers axillary, nearly
solitary. This genus is intermediate between Jpomcea and
Evohmlus. It differs from Parana chiefly in the calyx not
being changed in the fruit-bearing state, and in habit. It differs
also from Bonamia, by the same reason.
§ 1. Leaves cordate at the base.
1 B. Roxbu'rghii (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 493.)
stem branched ; branches rusty ; leaves ovate-cordate, sub-acu-
minated, rusty ; peduncles hardly equal in length to the petioles,
3-many-flowered ; sepals ovate, acuminated or ovate-roundish,
nearly equal. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, as of Silhet,
Penang, Amherst, Tavoy, Travancore, Courtall, Shreenugur, &c.
Convolvulus semidigynus, Ro.xb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 47.
Conv. ferrugineus, Herb, niadr. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and
1^ broad. Peduncles and petioles downy. Outer sejjals villous.
Corollas villous, rufescent. Capsule glabrous, crowned by a
tuft of hairs. Seeds black, angular, glabrous.
Roxburgh's Breweria. Shrub diffuse.
2 B. coRDA^TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 722.) plant tomentose ; leaves
cordate, acuminated, villous ; peduncles umbellately 3-5-
flowered at the apex ; sepals acuminated, the 2 outer ones the
largest, %.S. Native of Java, about Buitenzorg. Nearly
allied to B. pannosa. Styles unequal.
Corc/a^e-leaved Breweria. PI. diffuse?
3 B. pannosa (R. Br. prod. p. 488.) tomentose; leaves ovate,
sub-cordate, pannosely tomentose; sepals unequal: outer ones
ovate, somewhat acuminated ; styles unequal, combined at bot-
tom. 7/ . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
C/o^/i-leaved Breweria. PI. diffuse.
4 B. me"dia (R. Br. 1. c.) plant rather villous; leaves lanceo-
late, obtuse at the base, and somewhat cordate ; styles unequal,
combined at the base. 1/. S. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic.
Intermediate Breweria. PI. diffuse.
5 B. Madagascarie'nsis (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6.
p. 493.) Native of Madagascar. Nothing more is known of
this species to us, but the name.
Madagascar Breweria. PI. diffuse.
§ 2. Leaves ovale or linear, entire.
6 B. e'legans (Choisy, 1. c. p. 494.) stem branched, elon-
gated ; older leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, emarginate : younger
ones narrower, almost linear ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, straight,
generally exceeding the younger leaves ; sepals cuneate-lanceo-
late, very acute ; corolla showy, campanulately funnel-shaped,
1/. S. Native of the Burman Empire, at Promc. Conv. ele-
gans. Wall. cat. no. 1392. Stems smoothish or downy. Leaves
near 2 inches long, and hardly an inch broad, smoothish and
green above, but clothed with rusty down, particularly on the
veins beneath. Peduncles, pedicels, and bracteas downy. Co-
rolla \\ inch long, downy on the tube outside.
Elegant Breweria. PI. diffuse.
7 B. linea'ris (R. Br. prod. 488.) plant villous ; leaves lan-
ceolate-linear, complicate ; styles equal, combined at the base.
%.. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Zinca)-leaved Breweria. PI. diffuse.
8 B. LiNiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 614.) leaves scattered,
linear, smoothish ; stem scaljrous, simple ; peduncles corym-
bose. l^.S. Native of Monte Video, Sello.
Flax-leaved Breweria. PI. erect.
9 B. EvoLVULOiDES (Choisy, 1. c.) stem suffruticose, branched;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, small, glabrous ; flowers solitary,
axillary, on short peduncles ; corolla small. b • S. Native of
India? Root woody, yellow. Stems quite glabrous. Leaves
a q 2
300
CONVOLVULACE^. XXVII. Bonamia. XXVIII. Cressa. XXIX. Evolvulus.
3 lines long, and hardly a line broad. Corolla funnel-shaped,
twice longer than the calyx. Capsule glabrous ; cells 1 -seeded
by abortion.
E volvtdus-like Bieweria. Shrub IJ foot.
10 B. Burche'llii (Choisy, 1. c~ p. 493.) Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Nothing is known to us of this plant, but
the name.
Burchell's Breweria. PI.
1 1 B. specta'bilis (Choisy, 1. c.) Native of Madagascar.
Nothing is known to us of this plant but the name.
Showy Breweria. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bonamia, below.
XXVII. BONA'MIA (in honour of M. Bonami, author of a
Flora of the environs of Nantes in 178'2.) Pet. Th. veg. d'afr. 1.
p. 17. t. 5. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. xli. Choisy, in mem.
soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 495.
Lin. sysT. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 equal
concave sepals. Corolla tubularly campanulate, 5-lobed. Sta-
mens and style exserted. Style bifid ; stigmas capitate. Cap-
sule 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Seeds arillate. A shrub, native
of Madagascar.
1 B. Madagascarie'nsis (Pet. Th. veg. d'afr. fosc. 1. p. 17.
t. 5. nov. gen. mad. no. 28. t. 5. Roem. coll. p. 202.) leaves
sinuated, ovate, acuminated, undulated, at length glabrous ;
corymbs panicled, terminal, dense ; calyx villous. Jj . S. Na-
tive of Madagascar, at Foul-point. Shrub weak, elegant.
Branches terete, pilose while young. Corollas white; segments
of the limb ovate, acute. Arillus of seed pulpy, pale red.
Madagascar Bonamia. Shrub 5-6 feet.
Cull. This elegant shrub is worth cultivating in every collec-
tion of stove plants. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, will
answer it well, or any light rich soil ; and cuttings will strike
root readily under a hand-glass, in heat.
XXVIII. CRE'SSA (from Cressus, appertaining to the Isle
of Crete, now Candia.) Lin. gen. no. 313. Juss. gen. p. 134. ed.
Usteri, p. 150. Lam. ill. 183. f. 1. R. Br. prod, p. 490.
Choisy, in mem. soc. phys gen. 6. p. 495. — Anthyllis, Alp. cent.
157. t. 156. Magn. char. 212.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, or of 5
sepals. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens exserted.
Styles 2 ; stigmas capitate. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
Capsule 2-celled, 1-4-seeded. — Dwarf, downy, branched herbs.
Leaves scattered, crowded, quite entire. Flowers sub-spicate,
solitary in the axils of the superior leaves, bi-bracteate.
1 C. I'ndica (Retz. obs. 4. p. 24. Wall. cat. no. 2260.)
diffuse ; leaves ovate, sessile, acute, crowded, obtuse at the base,
clothed with cinereous or hoary down ; flowers in the axils of
the superior leaves, nearly sessile, forming a spike or head ;
tops of corolla bearded. %, H. Native of the East Indies.
Said to be hardly distinct from C. Cretica, of which, perhaps, it
is only a variety.
Indian Cressa. PI. diffuse.
2 C. Cretica (Lin. spec. 325.) stem usually diffuse ; leaves
ovate, sessile, obtuse at the base, hairy, white ; calyxes ra-
ther silky ; flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, forming a
head; corolla more or less bearded outside. ©. H. Native
of the provinces of France, Italy, Candia. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1320. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2753. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 256.
C. humifilsa. Lam. diet. fl. fr. 2. p. 268. Lin. anioen. acad.
1. p. 135. Anthyllis, Alp. cent. 157. t. 156. — Plukn. aim. 236.
t. 43. f. 6. Branches hairy. Calycine segments ovate. Corolla
white: segments obtuse, rufescent at top, inside. Capsule 1-
seeded.
C(e(a« Cressa. Fl. July, Sept. CIt. 1822. PI. i foot.
3 C. austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 490.) leaves lanceolate-
elliptic, nearly sessile ; stem erect. ©. H. Native of New-
Holland, within the tropic. Corolla more or less bearded out-
side. Capsule 1 -seeded
Southern Cressa. PI. 5 foot.
4 C. Truxille'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 93.)
branches clothed with silky, hoary down ; stems elongated, pro-
cumbent; leaves sessile, oblong, bluntish; flowers in the axils of
the upper leaves. % . S. Native of Peru, near Truxillo, among
the sea sand. Calyx clothed with silky down ; sepals obovate,
elliptic, obtuse, equal. Corolla white, hardly equal in height to
the tube of the calyx ; segments ovate, acute. Capsule 4-
seeded.
Truxillo Cressa. PL procumbent.
■f Doubtful species.
5 C. Ara'bica (Forsk. aegypt. 54. no. 81.) stem shrubby,
diffuse, glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, villous ; pedun-
cles axillary, length of leaves. — Native of Egypt, in the Taas
mountains. Lam. diet. 2. p. 181. Leaves obtuse, mucronate, h
an inch long. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3 times shorter than the
corolla. Corolla campanulate ; limb 5-toothed. Styles 2,
diverging ; stigmas capitate.
Arabian Cressa. Shrub g foot.
6 C. multiflora (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 207.) corollas bearded ; capsule 4-seeded ; leaves oblong,
hoary on both surfaces ; flowers subspicate.— Native of South
America, Humb. et Bonpl.
Many-Jlowered Cressa. PI.
7 C. sERicEA (Willd. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acute, hoary,
silky beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary. — Native of South
America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Sillry Cressa. PI.
8 C. arena'ria (Willd. 1. c.) stem much branched, panicled ;
leaves ovate-elliptic, hairy. — Native of South America. Humb.
et Bonpl.
Sand Cressa. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Evolvulus, p. 302.
XXIX. EVO'LVULUS (from evolvo, to turn, in the same
sense as Convolvulus, which this genus resembles in habit.) Lin.
gen. no. 385. Juss. gen. p. 134. edit. Usteri, p. 149. R. Br.
prod. p. 489. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. p. 496.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, or of 5
sepals. Corolla sub-rotate, campanulate or funnel-shaped, pli-
cate. Styles 2, bifid ; stigmas simple. Ovarium 2-celled ;
cells 2-seeded. Capsule 2-celled, valvate. — Non-lactescent,
prostrate or creeping, rarely erect herbs. Leaves entire. Pe-
duncles axillary, 1 -few-flowered ; pedicels bibracteate. The
Cladostyles of Humb. et Bonpl. differs from Evolvulus, in the
valveless capsule, and number of ovula.
1 E. hirsu'tus (Lam. diet. 3. p. 538. ill. t. 216. f. 2. but not
of H. B. et Kunth.) procumbent; leaves ovate-oblong, nearly
sessile, distant, hairy from bristles on both surfaces; peduncles
1-flowered, equal in length to the leaves, also exceeding them.
1/. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Pondicherry, Kamaon,
south of Hindostan, &c. E. sericeus, Wall. cat. no. 1315. Co-
rolla blue. ?
Hairy Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
2 E. ALsiNoiDES (Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 76. spec. p. 392.) elon-
gated, villous ; leaves ovate or oval, blunt at both ends, petio-
late, glabrous above, and hairy beneath ; peduncles usually 1-2-
flowered, 4-bracteate ; capsule deflexed. %. S. Native of the
East Indies, as at Pegamew, Mungger and Ceylon, Straits of
Sunda; and of New Holland, within the tropic. Burm. zeyl. 9.
t. 6. f. ]., and 19 t. 9. Conv. alsinoides, Knip. cent. xi. no. 34.
CONVOLVULACE^. XXIX. Evolvulus.
301
Vistnu-Glandi, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 131. t. 64. Flowers blue.
In Cejlon, this plant has the name of lisnugarandi, from the
Malabar deity Visnu and Garandi, which signifies the dysentery.
It is reputed to be a sovereign remedy in that disorder, ex Burm.
C7(«AH'(;c(/-/i7fe Evolvulus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1733. PI.
procumbent.
3 E. viLLosus (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 30. t. 235. f. b.)
diffuse, villous; branches ascending; lower leaves ovate-ellip-
tic: uppermost floral ones minute; peduncles 1-2-flowered,
longer than the leaves. 1^. S. Native of Peru, on sandy hills ;
and of New Holland, within the tropic. R. Br. prod. p. 489.
Nearly allied to E. alsinoides. Bracteas subulate. Corolla blue,
spreading. Calyxes ciliated.
Var. p, Icinceoliilus (Poir. diet. 3. p. 459.) leaves lanceolate,
nearly glabrous ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves.
11. S. Corolla pale blue, rather large.
Villous Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
4 E. nummula'rius (Lin. spec. p. 391. Swartz, obs. p. 118.)
stems branched, beset with short hairs, creeping, downy ; leaves
roundish-oval, retuse or emarginate ; flowers solitary or 3 toge-
ther, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves. % . S. Native of
Jamaica and Barbadoes, in meadows ; as well as on the banks
of the Mississippi. Lam. diet. 3. p. 539. Jacq. amer. pict. t.
260. f. 23. Conv. nummularius, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. 157. —
Sloane, jam. hist. 1. p. 157. t. 99. f. 2. Leaves hardly larger
than those of AnagaUls tcnella. Calyx hairy. Corolla pale
blue, but white, ex Swartz. Peduncles capillary, downy.
Money-Tvort-Ieaicd Evolvulus. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1816. PI.
trailing.
5 E. VERONiCiEpbLius (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
117. t. 215.) stems creeping, pilose ; leaves petiolate, nearly or-
bicular, somewhat retuse, cordate, smoothish ; peduncles 1-
flowered, about equal in length to the leaves. 2/. S. Native of
New Granada, in temperate places, near Guadua. Neaily allied
to E. nummularius. Calycine segments oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, equal, with pilosely ciliated edges. Yourg leaves
pilose on the nerves beneath. Peduncles pilose. Corolla pale
blue; limb 5-toothed. Capsule 1-celled, 1-3-seeded.
SpcediveU-leaved Evolvulus. PI. creeping.
6 E. LiNiFoLius (Lin. spec. 392. syst. 299. amoen. acad. 4. p.
306.) erect, villous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly sessile ;
peduncles 1-3-flowered, a little longer than the leaves ; styles
4, approximating by pairs. ©. S. Native of Jamaica, St.
Thomas's ; and New Holland, within the tropic. Lam. ill.
t. 216. f. 1. Conv. linifolius, Kniph. cent. 11. no. 26. — Brown,
jam. p. 152. t. 10. f. 2. Leaves canescent. Corolla rather
tubular, blue, small.
Flax-leaved 'E\o\\-u\\xs. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1782. PI. 1 ft.
7 E. decu'mbens (R. Br. prod. p. 489.) plant prostrate, vil-
lous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly sessile ; peduncles usually
1 -flowered, a little longer than the leaves ; styles 2, bipartite.
©. ? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Corollas
blue?
Decumbent. Evolvulus. PI. decumbent.
8 E. Java'nicus (Blum, bijdr. p. 724.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, sessile, clothed with silky villi ; peduncles 1-flovvered, bi-
bracteate, length of leaves ; stems woody at bottom. % . S.
Native of Java, on the top of Mount Gcde.
Java Evolvulus. Fl. February. PI. trailing ?
9 E. de'bilis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. 3. p. 115.)
stems elongated, filiform, procumbent, pilose ; leaves on short
petioles, oblong, somewhat acuminated, silky from hairs on both
surfaces ; peduncles usually 2-flovvered, much exceeding the
leaves. 11. S. Native at the foot of the Andes, about Quin-
diu, near Ibague ; of Mexico, near Jalapa, and near Hacienda
de la Laguna. E. filiformis, Willd. herb. Nearly allied to E.
linifolius. Root woody, creeping. Peduncles and pedicels
clothed with silky down. Capsule 2-seeded. Corolla un-
known.
Weak Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
10 E. sEiu'cEus (Swartz, prod. p. ri5. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 576.)
stems filiform, glabrous, or downy, procumbent ; leaves lanceo-
late, sessile, silky beneath; peduncles short, 1-flowered. Q.
S. Native of Jamaica, in arid, sandy places; and of Mexico,
near Jalapa. Brown, jam. p. 153. no. 3. t. 10. f. 3. Very like
E. linifoUus. Leaves acutish, 3-nerved. Calyx silky outside ;
segments lanceolate, acute, with recurved tops. Corolla white,
with a short tube, and a 5-paned, spreading limb ; segments
acute. Anthers blue. Capsule silky, 2-celled, many-seeded.
Silky Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
11 E. AzuREUs (Schum. pi. guin. p. 166.) pilose; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute, silky beneath ; stems procumbent, fili-
form ; peduncles 1-flowered, with a bibracteate joint towards
the flower; calyx villous, with lanceolate segments. O. S.
Native of Guinea. Corolla rotate, blue, size of those of ^ho-
gdllis ccerulea. Capsule globose, glabrous, 1-celled, 4-seeded.
Styles 4. Stigmas simple.
Azure-blue Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
12 E. cuspida'tus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 116.) stems pro-
cumbent, clothed with silky villi ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong,
cuspidately mucronate, clothed with silky vdli on both surfaces,
hoary ; flowers nearly sessile, shorter than the leaves. ]/ . S.
Native about the Orinoco, in sandy places near Angostura and
Villa Farrera. Calyx clothed with silky villi ; segments lanceo-
late, acuminately subulate, equal. Corolla unknown. Perhaps
the same as the preceding.
Cuspidate-leavcii Evolvulus. PL procumbent.
13 E. CoMMERSONii (Room, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 197.)
stems slender, shrubby at bottom ; leaves small, linear-lanceo-
late, silky beneath : lower ones lanceolate-oval ; flowers axil-
lary, almost sessile, solitary. ©. ? S. Native of Monte Video.
E. sericeus, Poir. diet. 3. p. 586. Pers. ench. 1. p. 9.8S.
Flowers white.
Commcrson's Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
14 E. inca'nus (Pers. ench. 1. p. 288. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 116.) stems tufted, diffuse, silky; leaves on
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat falcate, clothed with
silky, silvery down on both surfaces; peduncles 1-flowered,
equal in length to the leaves, or longer. tj . S. Native of
Quito, among rubbish on the banks of the river Guallabamba.
E. sericeus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 30. t. 252. f. 1. Calyx
clothed with silvery, silky down ; segments lanceolate- subulate.
Corollas blue. Capsule 1 -4-seeded.
Hoary Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
15 E. arge'nteus (R. Br. prod. 489.) plant diffuse, hoary ;
branches elongated, undivided ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, nearly
sessile, acute, silvery; peduncles 1 -flowered, about equal in
length to the leaves. •^.IS. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic, on the sea shore. Very nearly allied to E. incanus ;
but the leaves of that species are broader, ovate, and petio-
late.
Silvery Evolvulus. PI. diffuse.
16 E. iioLOSERicEus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 116.) procum-
bent ; leaves sessile, oblong, acute, glabrous above, silvery and
silky beneath ; flowers axillary, sessile. 1; . S. Native of
New Granada, in fields ; in La Culsta de Toluca ; and near
Ibague. Stem beset with silky hairs, as well as the calyx.
Corolla blue.
Whole-silky Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
17 E. ANGUsTissiMus (H. B. et Kunth, I. c. p. 116.) stems
rather procumbent, clothed with silky down ; leaves sessile,
linear-lanceolate, acuminately cuspidate, glabrous above, and
clothed with silky hairs beneath ; flowers almost sessile, shorter
than the leaves. %. S. Native along with E. cuspidatus.
302 CONVOLVULACE^. XXIX. Evolvulus. XXX. Cladostvles. XXXI. Wilsonia. XXXII. Dichondra.
Calyx hairy ; segments lanceolate, acuminated. Corolla pale
blue. Ev. virg^tus, Willd. rel. is probably the same.
Very nnrrojiz-leaved Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
18 E. Nuttallia'nus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 198.)
erect ; leaves linear-oblong, clothed with silky tomentum or
hairs on both surfaces; peduncles short, 1 -flowered. %. F.
Native on the banks of the Missouri, and the high hills of Red
River, near Kiaraesha ; also in Florida, and about the banks of
the Platte; and of Mexico. E. argenteus, Pursh, fl. 1. p.
187. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 174. but not of R. Br. Flowers
purple, coming out about the middle of the stem. Sepals partly
linear, and acuminated.
NuUall's Evolvulus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI.
erect.
19 E. LATiFOLius (Ker. hot. reg. 401.) sufFruticose, villous,
erect at bottom ; branches diffuse ; leaves nearly sessile, ob-
long-cordate, acuminated ; fascicles of flowers nearly sessile,
generally 3-flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate, pilosely ciliated.
1/ . S. Native of Brazil. Corollas white, rotate. Styles 2,
bipartite.
Broad-leaved Evolvulus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI.
diffuse.
20 E. capita'tus (Nees et Mart, in act. bonn. 11. p. 80.)
erect, hairy ; leaves sessile, lanceolate ; flowers capitate, termi-
nal. ©. S. Native of Brazil, about Barra da Varada, in fields.
Plant hoary. Leaves sessile, hoary beneath, 1| inch long.
Flowers in small villous heads, involucrated by 5-6 ovate-elliptic
bracteas. Calycine segments unequal, villous. Corolla red-
dish, somewhat funnel-shaped, twice longer than the calyx ;
limb large, 5-angled, plicate, villous outside.
C'apj?fl(e-flowered Evolvulus. PI. 1 foot.
21 E. glomera'tus (Nees et Mart, in act, bonn. Jl. p. 81.)
procumbent, villous ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base ;
heads of flowers axillary and terminal, leafy. T? . S. Native
of Brazil, about Tamburil and Valos, among bushes. Leaves
6-9 lines long, on short petioles : lower ones obtuse : superior
ones acutish. Heads of flowers sessile, mixed with oblong-lan-
ceolate or lanceolate, villous bracteas. Calycine segments lanceo-
late, acuminated. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, blue ; limb
5-lobed, dilated.
G/o?Mera<(?-flowered Evolvulus. Shrub procumbent.
■\ Doubtful species.
22 E. ARBu'scuLUS (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 459.) plant hispid ;
leaves small, almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate ; flowers lateral and
terminal, on short peduncles ; stem much branched, filiform.
^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaves hairy. Calyx hardly
pilose ; segments acute. Corolla white, twice longer than the
calyx.
Arbusculous Evolvulus. Shrub.
23 E. AcAPULCENSis (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
6. p. 199.) leaves lanceolate, villous, sessile; stem branched at
the base ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, length of leaves. ©.
S. Native of Mexico, about Acapulco.
Acapulco Evolvulus. PI. procumbent.
24 E. macrophy'llus (Willd. rel. 1. c.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves ovate-oblong, mucronate, tomentose ; corymbs axillary.
Tj . S. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Long-leaved Evolvulus. Shrub erect.
Cult. The species of Evolvulus are pretty little plants, of
easy culture. They all do well in a light sandy soil, or a mix-
ture of sand and peat. They are all readily increased by seed,
which ripen in abundance.
XXX. CLADOSTYLES (from icXa&c, /dados, a branch ;
and erruXoE, stylos, a column ; in reference to the branched
style.) Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 202. t. 57. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 118.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digytiia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
rotately-campanulate ; limb 5-cleft. Styles 2, bipartite ; stig-
mas simple. Capsule 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, not dehiscent. — An
erect herb ; with alternate, entire leaves, and terminal loose
panicles of small yellow flowers.
1. C. paniculaVa (Humb. et Bonpl. I. c.) ©. S. Native
of New Granada, near Turbaco. Stem branched, rather rough
from adpressed, scattered hairs. Leaves sessile, lanceolate,
acute, mucronate, narrowed at the base, beset with adpressed
hairs on both surfaces, 1 inch long, and 3-4 lines broad.
Flowers on long pedicels.
Panicled-^oviered Cladostyles. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Evolvulus, above.
XXXI. WILSO^NIA (named in memory of John Wilson,
author of a synopsis of British plants in Ray's method.)
R. Br. prod. p. 490. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6.
p. 496.
Lin. syst. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, penta-
gonal, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, imbricate in aestiva-
tion. Style bifid ; stigmas capitate. Ovarium small, 2-seeded.
— An humble, prostrate, much branched, downy shrub. Leaves
imbricated in 2 rows, small, thickish, sessile. Flowers axillary,
sessile, solitary, bractless.
1 W. hu"milis (R. Br, 1. c.) I7 . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast.
Z)n)ar/' Wilsonia. Shrub prostrate.
Cult. This is a singular and beautiful prostrate shrub, VFOrth
cultivating in every collection. A mixture of sand, loam, and
peat, is the best soil for it ; and it will be easily propagated by
cuttings or by seeds.
Tribe III. DICHO'NDREiE (this tribe contains plants
agreeing with Dichondra in having distinct carpella.) Choisy,
in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6, p. 497. Embryo cotyledonous.
Carpella distinct.
XXXII. DICHO'NDRA (from Sie, dis, double ; and x^^epos,
chondros, a grain ; in reference to the double capsule.) Forst.
gen. p. 39. t. 20. Lam. ill. t. 183. R.Br. prod. 491. Juss. gen.
129. ed. Usteri, p. 144. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 119.
— Sibthorpia spec. Lin. — Steripha, Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 81. t. 94.
— Demidofia, Gmel. veg. 458. — Anonymos, Walt. fl. car. 1.
p. 110.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parfed. Corolla
subrotate or campanulate ; limb flat, 5-parted. Ovaria 2,
2-seeded. Styles 2, basilar ; stigmas capitate or thick. Cap-
sules 2, utricular, 1-seeded. — Humble, creeping, downy, non-
lactescent herbs. Leaves cordate or reniform, entire, petiolate.
Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, witliout bracteas.
1 D. re'pens (Forst. gen. p. 39. t. 20.) leaves reniform or
roundish-cordate, glabrous above and downy beneath ; calyx
exceeding the corolla a little. ? i; . F. Native of America, New
Holland, Van Diemen's Land ; and of the East Indies, on
Mount Taong-Dong, Ava, &'c. Lam. ill. t. 183. Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 22. Sibthorpia evolvulacea, Lin. suppl. p.
288. Steripha reniformis, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 81. t. 94. Leaves
sometimes retuse or emarginate, ex R. Br.
Creeping Dichondra. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. cr.
2 D. R0TUNDiF6LiA(Link. enum. 1. p. 249.) stems procumbent,
hairy ; leaves on long petioles, reniform, emarginate, repandly
crenated, of the same colour on both surfaces, hairy ; calyxes
ciliated, hairy. % . F. Native of Persia.
Round-leaved Dichondra. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
trailing.
3 D. Carolinia'na (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 136.) leaves
CONVOLVULACE^. XXXII. Dichondra. XXXIII. Falkia. XXXIV. Cuscuta.
303
reniform, rounded, not emarginate, the same colour on both sur-
faces, downy benc.ith; calyxes villous, closed. 7^. H. Native
of South Carolina, by way-sides about Charlestown ; and on the
banks of the Mississippi, near New Orleans. Pursh, fl. 1. p.
187. D. repens, /3. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 470. D. repens, Nutt.
in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p. 19j. Anonymos ripens, Walt,
fl. carol. 1. p. 110. Demidofia repens, Gmel. syst. veg. p. 438.
Plant small, creeping. Flowers small, green.
Carolina Dichondra. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI.
creeping.
4 D. SERi'cEA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 556. icon. t. 10.)
leaves reniform, retuse at the apex, glabrous, or downy above,
silky and silvery beneath ; calyx exceeding the corolla a little.
%. F. Native of Jamaica, and near Santa Fe de Bogota; and
of Alexico, about Jalapa. D. repens, ^. sericea, Poir. suppl. 2.
p. 470. This species comes very near D. repens ; and only dif-
fers in the leaves being smaller, white, and silky beneath, not of
the same colour on both surfaces.
Var.fy; leaves reniform, emarginate, nerved and silky be-
neath. 11 . F. Native of Peru. D. repens, Ruiz, et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 23. D. repens Peruviana, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 471.
5(% Dichondra. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1793. PI. creeping.
5 D. arge'ntea (Willd. hort. berol. 2. p. 81. t. 81. enum. 1.
p. 297.) leaves broadly reniform, cuneated at the base, retuse at
the apex, silky and silvery on both surfaces ; corolla exceeding
the calyx, if.. F. Native of Mexico, near Guanaxuato and
Zelaya ; also near Honda. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p.
120.
^i/iiery-leaved Dichondra. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI.
prostrate.
•j" Douhlful species.
6 D. repa'nda (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p.
209.) leaves reniform, repand, villous. 1/. F. Native of
South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Re]jand-\eave(\ Dichondra. PI. creeping.
7 D. cymbalari.efolia (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves reniform, 7-
lobed, downy beneath. 1/. F. Native of?
Cymbalaria-leaved Dichondra. PI. creeping.
Cult. These are pretty little creeping plants, generally
having the leaves silvery on the under sides. D. repens, Caro-
liniana and rotundifulia grow well in the seams between flat
stones in front of a stove or green-house ; and even the other
species will do in a similar way through the summer. All grow
well in pots in a mixture of peat, loam, and sand ; and are
easily increased by dividing the plants, which are all creepers.
XXXIII. FA'LKIA (so named by Thunberg, in honour of
John Peter Falck, a Swede, professor of botany at Petersburgh,
and who accompanied Pallas in part of his travels in Siberia.)
Thunb. nov. gen. 17. Lin. suppl. 30. Juss. gen. 132. Schreb.
gen. no. 611. Convolvulus species, Thunb.
Lin. syst. Penldndr'ia, Tetragy'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla campanulate, crenated. Styles 4 ; stigmas globose. Ovaria
4, l->eeded. — A small, sufFruticose, glabrous plant.
1 F. re'i'ens (Lin. suppl. 211. Thunb. diss. nov. gen. 1.
p. 17.) (; . F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills
near Cape town. Convolvulus Falkia, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 35.
fl. cap. 2. p. 15. Andr. rep. t. 257. Stems brownish grey,
decumbent, rooting ; branches filiform. Leaves scattered, peti-
olate, coidate-ovate, obtuse, entire. Peduncles hardly longer
than the leaves. Corollas red, with a paler throat.
CVeep'ng- Falkia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. creeping.
Cult. Falkia is a pretty little plant, which grows freely in a
mixture of loam and peat, or any light soil ; and the plant is
readily increased by division.
Tribe IV. CUSCUTE'^ (this tribe only contains the genus
Cuscula.) Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 497. Em-
bryo without cotvledons. Plants ])arasitical.
XXXIV. CUSCU'TA (According to Golius, 2036, it is
derived from the Arabic name Kechout.) Tourn. 422. Lin. gen.
no. 170. ed. Schreb. no. 227. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 297. t. 62.
Juss. gen. 137. R. Br. prod. p. 491. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 121. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. (!.
p. 497.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia, Calyx 5, rarely 4-parted.
Corolla urceolate or campanulate ; limb 5, rarely 4-cleft, mar-
cescent. Stamens usually furnished with a scale at the base of
each, rarely naked. Styles 2, sometimes free, and sometimes
coinbined ; stigmas acute or capitate. Ovarium 2-cel!ed ; cells
2-seeded. Capsule 1-2-celled. — Leafless, twining, parasitical
herbs. Flowers aggregate, subcapitate, spicate, umbellate, or
corymbose, luiibracteate. The seed does not split into lobes,
but opens and puts forth a little spiral body, which is the em-
bryo. The stalks twine contrary to the sun's apparent motion,
sending out a number of little vesicles, which attach themselves
to the bark of the supporting plant.
§ 1. Species natives of Europe.
1 C. EuROPiE'A (Lin. spec, ed. 1. p. 180.) flowers aggregate,
nearly sessile ; corolla with a naked throat, 4-5-cleft ; epipe-
talous scales none : stigmas acute, filiform. Q."^. H. Native
of Europe and Caucasus, in hedges, usually on bushes and the
loftier plants, as Brambles, Bilter-iweet, Ferns, Tliistles, Hemp,
Hops ; also on Flax, Nettles, and Grass. In England, in
Cambridgeshire ; at Sliipston upon Stone, Worcestershire. In
Scotland, near Aberdeen, and at Musselburgh. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 378. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 115. Oed. H. dan. t. 199.
Plenck. oft', t. 70. — Hook fl. lend. 67. C. major, Bauh. pin.
p. 209. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2754. C. tetrandra, Moench. C.
scandens, Brotero, fl. lus. p. 208. C. Epithymum, Thuill. fl.
par. ed. 2. 1. p. 85. C. filiformis. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 307. C.
densiflora, Willemet, in Linnaa, 1. p. 322. Cassiitha or Cus-
cuta, Fuchs. hist. 347. t. 348. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 266. Calyx
red ; segments bluntish. Corollas urceolately campanulate,
white, usually 4-cleft, and tetrandrous ; but in the south of
Europe 5-cleft and pentandrous. Seeds usually 2 in each cell.
Anthers yellow.
European or Great Dodder. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PI.
parasitical.
2 C. Epi'thymum (Lin. spec. 180.) flowers fascicled, sessile;
corollas 5-cleft; epipetalous scales crescent-shaped, crenated;
stigmas acute. 0. H. Native throughout Europe; plentiful
in Britain, in cultivated fields, particularly among pulse; also on
furze, flax, thyme, nettles, heath, lavender, spurge, hops, grass,
&c. Smith, engl. bot. 378. Oed. fl. dan. t. 427. Plenck,
off", t. 71. C. Europse'a, Smith, engl. bot. t. 55. Lam. ill. t.
88. C. Europse'a, /3, Lin. spec. p. 180. C. filiformis, ft,
Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 307. C. minor, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2755. Epi-
thymum, Cam. epit. 983. — Col. ecphr. 2. p. 23. Stems filiform.
Much smaller in every part than C. Europce'a. Flowers more
crowded, frequently 4-cleft and tetrandrous. Calyx red. Co-
rolla white, bell-shaped, with acute segments. The name is
from ETTi, epi, upon, and Thymus, thyme ; so called from being
parasitical on thyme.
Ejiithymum or Lesser Dodder. Fl. July, Oct. Britain.
PI. parasitical.
3 C. LUPULiFORMis (Krok. fl. siles. no. 251. t. S6.) flowers
racemose, not conglomerate or pedunculate ; stems lupuliforni,
rough, dotted. ©. H. Native of Bohemia and Silesia. C.
nionogynum, Pohl. tent. fl. boh. p. 156. Schultes, oestr. fl. ed.
2d. no. 726.
1
304
CONVOLVULACE^. XXXIV. Cuscuta.
Hop-formed Dodder. PI. parasitical,
4 C. MONOGVKA (Valil, symb. 2. p. 32.) flowers pedunculate,
tnonogynous ; throat of corolla naked ; styles combined ; stigma
globose. O. H. Native of the Levant, on Tamarlx Gdliica ;
and between Smyrna and Bursa ; and of Caucasus. Sibth et
Smith, fl. grsec. t. 257. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 116. — Tourn. cor.
45. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 15. t. 23. Habit of C. Americana, but
twice the size in all its parts. Stem warted. Flowers clustered,
forming lateral and terminal interrupted racemes. Calyx shining
red ; segments ovate. Corolla urceolate, pale red ; segments of
the limb obtuse, spreading. Cells of capsule 2-seeded.
Monogynous Dodder. PI. parasitical.
§ 2. Species natives of New Holland.
5 C. Austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 491.) digynous ; stigmas
capitate ; epipetalous scales laeerately fringed, ending beneath
the filaments, which are broadly subulate ; calyx smooth, deeply
5-cleft : segments keeled, rather wrinkled. ©. G. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic ; and New South Wales.
Southern Dodder. Fl. Jidy, Oct. Clt. 1818. PI. parasi-
tical.
6 C. carina'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 491.) digynous; stigmas
capitate ; epipetal scales laeerately fringed, exceeding the bases
of the subulately filiform filaments ; calyx 5-cleft, with keeled,
rather wrinkled segments. ©. G. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic. Grammica aphylla. Lour. coch. 171. Stems
white. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft. Berry white ; cells 2-
seeded.
A^ee/erf-calyxed Dodder. PI. parasitical.
§ 3. Species natives of America.
7 C. CORYMBOSA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 69. t. 115. f. b.)
corymbs pedunculate ; corollas urceolate, quadrifid, tetrandrous,
with a naked throat; stamens inclosed; stigmas capitate. 0.
G. Native of Peru, in cultivated fields ; particularly on Medi-
cago satlva. Scales on the branches acute, concave. Sepals
oblong, obtuse, white. Corollas white.
Co)7/m6osc-flowered Dodder. PI. parasitical.
8 C. odora'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 69. t. 105. f. a.)
flowers crowded, sessile ; corollas campanulate ; scales at the
base of the filaments ovate, fringed, or ciliated ; stigmas capi-
tate. ©. G. Native of Peru, in corn-fields near Lima. Stems
marked with purple lines and spots. Scales of the branches
small, ovate. Flowers sweet-scented, propped by concave
scales. Calyx white, dotted with red ; segments roundish, ob-
tuse. Corollas white ; segments ovate, acute, reflexed ; there-
fore the stamens are exserted. This species is called CubcKos
de Angel in Peru.
Sweet-scented-Aowered Dodder. PI. parasitical.
9 C. umeella'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
121.) umbels pedunculate, generally 8-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments acute ; corolla campanulate, with acute, reflexed seg-
ments ; scales at the base of the filaments laeerately fringed ;
stigmas capitate ; genitals exserted. ©. G. Native of New
Spain, between Queretaro and Salamanca. Flowers pedicellate,
pentandrous, digynous, white.
Umbellale-fiowered Dodder. PI. parasitical.
IOC. OBTUSIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 122.) heaps of
flowers sessile ; calycine segments obtuse ; corolla campanulate,
with obtuse segments ; scales at the base of the filaments laee-
rately fringed ; stigmas capitate ; genitals hardly inclosed. ©.
G. Native of Peru, on the Andes. Said by Torrey to be
very abundant about the sources of the Canadian river, para-
sitical on Port. Okracea. Plant orange-coloured. Flowers on
short pedicels, pentandrous, digynous, white. Cells of capsule
1-3 -seeded.
Blunt-flowered Dodder. PI. parasitical.
lie. grave'olens (H. B. et Kunth, I. c.) heaps of flowers
sessile ; calycine segments obtuse ; corollas globose, with obtuse,
spreading segments ; epipetalous scales fringed ; genitals ex-
serted; stigmas capitate. ©. G. Native of the Spanish Main,
near Cumana, in meadows, where it is called by the natives
Hilo de Oro. Flowers on short pedicels, pentandrous, digy-
nous. Plant strong-scented.
Strong-scented Dodder. PI. parasitical.
12 C. fce'tida (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) heaps of flowers ses-
sile ; calycine segments acuminated ; corolla nearly globose,
with acute, reflexed segments ; epipetalous scales ciliated ; geni-
tals exserted ; stigmas capitate. ©. G. Native of Quito, near
Chillo. Plant parasitical on Berberis unA-Barnadesia, orange-
colouied. Flowers foetid, pentandrous, digynous, white.
Felld-ftowereii Dodder. PL parasitical.
13 C. floribu'nda (H. B. et Kunth, I. c. p. 123.) corymbs
pedunculate ; calycine segments obtuse ; corolla globose, twice
higher than the calyx, with acute, reflexed segments ; epipetal-
ous scales ciliated ; genitals much exserted ; stigmas capitate.
0. G. Native of New Spain, in hot places near Pont Istla.
Plant parasitical on Bignonia viminalis, orange-coloured. Flow-
ers pedicellate, white, pentandrous, digynous. Cells of capsule
1-2-seeded.
Bundle-flowered Dodder. PI. parasitical.
14 C. Popaye'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) corymbs peduncu-
late ; calycine segments obtuse ; corolla globose, a little higher
than the calyx, with acute, erect segments ; epipetalous scales
ciliated; genitals exserted; stigmas capitate. ©• G. Native
near Popayan, in temperate places. Plant yellow. Corymbs
trichotomous. Flowers white, pentandrous, digynous, pedicel-
late. Cells of capsule 1-2-seeded. Said to be allied to C.
corymbosa, Ruiz, et Pav.
Popayan Dodder. PI. parasitical.
15 C. GRANDIFLORA (H. B. FIG. 32.
et Kunth, I. c. t. 213.) pedun-
cles usually 3-flowered, a little
crowded ; calycine segments ob-
tuse ; corollas rotately-campa-
n\ilate, with obtuse segments ;
epipetalous scales wanting; ge-
nitals inclosed ; stigmas capitate.
©.G. Native near Santa Fe de
Bogota. Plant parasitical on
Spermacoce. Peduncles 2-3-
flowered, solitary, or in fasci-
cles. Flowers pedicellate, pen-
tandrous, digynous. Cells of
capsule 2-seeded.
Great-flowcrcd Dodder. PI.
parasitical.
16 C. Chile'nsis (Ker. bot. reg. t. 603. Hook, et Arn. in
Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 3a.) pentandrous, digynous ; calycine
segments ovate, rounded, 3 times shorter than the corolla ; epi-
petalous scales laeerately fringed ; segments of corolla ovate, 3
times shorter than the tube, reflexed ; anthers sessile ; one of
the styles shorter than the other ; stigmas piliately capitate.
1(. G. Native of Chili, about Conception, Valparaiso, and
Andes of Chili.
Chili Dodder. Fl. Jan. Dec. Clt. 1821. Plant parasi-
tical.
17 C. America'na (Lin. spec. 180.) flowers pedunculate,
umbellate, pentandrous, quinquefid ; corolla tubular; limb small,
spreading; stigmas capitate; epipetalous scales fringed. ©.
H. Native of Jamaica, St. Thomas, Surinam, Virginia; para-
sitic in hedges, and on other plants, in moist situations. The
CONVOLVULACEiE. XXXIV. Cuscuta.
305
whole plant has a reddish-yellow appearance, Lam. diet. 2. p.
229. Pnrsli, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 116. Jacq. amer. pict. t.
17.— Sloane, jam. 8,3. hist. 1. p. 201. t. 128. f. 4. C. Surinam-
ensis, Schiil. lepr. t. 2. Vittm. siunm. pi. 1. p. 341. C. Gro-
novii, Wilkl. herb. Flowers small, aggregate, yellowish. Geni-
tals hardly inclosed.
American Dodder. PI. parasitical.
IS C. Jalape'nsis (Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p. 515.) scales
ovate, cuneated, or spatidate at the base, much shorter than the
style, which is hardly exserted ; flowers aggregate ; corolla
deeply 5-lobed : lobes rcflexed at length, therefore tiie anthers
are exserted; capsule bicornute. i;.S. Native of Mexico,
near Jalapa, on Trag'ta Baccliar'is, and Cruton, &c. Flowers
white. Said to come nearest to C. Americdna ; but differs from
it in the corolla being longer, blunter, and more deeply lobed ;
and in the other characters indicated above.
Jalapa Dodder. PI. parasitical.
19 C. minia'ta (Mart, reise. ex Linnaea, 5. p. 29.) racemes
pedunculate, 6-8-flowcred; throat of corolla closed by ciliated
scales; genitals inclosed. ©. G. Native of Brazil.
J ermiUon Dodder, PI. parasitical.
20 C. racemosa (Mart. 1. c. p. 38.) flowers pedunculate, cy-
mosely racemose ; corolla twice longer than the calyx, pentan-
drous ; throat closed by ciliated scales. ©. G. Native of
Brazil.
Racemosc-^owereA Dodder. PI. parasitical.
^ 2 A species native of Africa.
21 C. Africa NA (Thunb. phyt. Watt. p. 17. fl. cap. p. 568.)
peduncles 1 -flowered; flowers 5-cleft, pentandrous, digynous.
©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, parasitical on various
trees. C. Americana, Tliunb. prod. p. 32. Peduncles capillary,
furnished with a bractea at the base. Calyx very short, 5-cleft.
Filaments 5, inserted in the incisures between the lobes of the
corolla, and equal in length to them. The stems are more
slender, and the flowers are smaller than those of C. Ame-
ricana.
African Dodder. PI. parasitical.
22 C. Ara'bica (Fres. fl. egypt. et arab. p. 165.) digynous,
pentandrous ; fascicles few-flowered ; flowers nearly sessile,
small; genitals inclosed; epipetalous scales fringed at top;
branches capillary, densely imbricate. %. H. Native of
Arabia. H;ibit of C. epilhymum. Tube of corolla and calyx
shorter than the limb.
Arabian Dodder. PI. parasitical.
§ 4. Species natives of Asia.
23 C. verrucosa (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 6.) digynous, pentan-
drous ; stigmas lanceolate, obtuse, dilated at the base, fleshy ;
epipetalous scales fimbriately jagged ; anthers nearly sessile ;
calyx 5-cleft, with roundish segments. 11. H. Native of Ni-
paul. Branches irregularly marked with purple, linear spots.
Racemes numerous, often 3-flowered, but sometimes 9-10-flow-
ered. Flowers white, fragrant.
Warted-siemmeA Dodder. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1822. PL
parasitical.
24 C. Hooke'ri (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 290.) digynous, pen-
tandrous ; stigmas nearly sessile, diverging, subulate ; corolla
campanulate, 5 -toothed, with reflexed segments ; epipetalous
scales fringed ; anthers sessile. Q. G. Native of Mysore and
Coromandel. C. reflexa, var. ft, verrucosa. Hook. exot. fl. t.
150. Stems spotted, and dashed with purple. Peduncles and
calyxes warted. Corolla white.
Hooker's Dodder. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1823. PI. parasi-
tical.
25 C. refle'xa (Roxb. cor. 2. p. 2. t. 104.) digynous, pen-
VOL. IV.
tandrous ; style hardly any : stigmas large, fleshy, expanded,
acuminated ; corolla with a cylindrical tube and reflexed seg-
ments ; calycine segments ovate-oblong, acutish ; epipetalous
scales bearded ; filaments very short. ©. G. Native of Coro-
mandel, where it is called Sitamaponynvoloa by the Telingas.
Stems rough. Racemes long, numerous, many-flowered. Flow-
ers white. Capsule baccate.
Reflexed-^QwereA Dodder. PI. parasitical.
26 C. Chine'nsis (Lam. diet. 2. p. 229. Willd. spec. 1. p.
704.) digynous, pentandrous ; stigmas subcapitate ; corolla ur-
ceolate, with corniculate segments ; calyx almost the length of
the corolla, with keeled segments; genitals inclosed. ©. G.
Native of China. Plant greenish-yellow. Flowers in loose,
few-flowered fascicles, the whole forming an irregular panicle.
Corollas white. Styles twisted.
China Dodder. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1803. PI. parasi-
tical.
27 C. sulca'ta (Roxb. ex Wall, cat. no. 1320.) digynous,
pentandrous ; stigmas capitate ; corolla campanulate, small ;
calycine segments ovate-oblong, membranous, pellucid, equal,
obtuse, (" fleshy, furrowed," ex Roxb.) ; genitals exserted.
©. G. Native of Silhet, Martaban, Bengal. Stems filiform.
Flowers crowded, in lateral, few-flowered fascicles, scaly at the
base ; pedicels almost wanting. Styles nearly equal, exserted.
Capsule small.
Furrowed-ca\\y.eA Dodder. PL parasitical.
28 C. macra'ntha ; monogynous, pentandrous; style one,
short : stigma acute ; corolla tubular, 4-5 times longer than the
calyx, 5-lobed at ape.x : lobes short, acutish, reflexed ; epipe-
talous scales membranous, near the base of the corolla ; sepals
oblong-roundish, obtuse, membranous, .©. G. Native of Ni-
paul. C. grandiflora. Wall, cat. no, 1318. Steins rough,
black in the dried state. Common peduncles elongated, race-
mose, I -2 inches long, many-flowered, those on the younger
branches short and few-flowered ; flowers pedicellate. Corolla
showy. Anthers sessile, in the throat of the corolla. This,
along with C. refLxa and C. monogyna, might form perhaps a
distinct genus from the simple style.
Zrtrg-e-flowered Dodder. PL parasitical.
29 C. hyaliVa (Roth. nov. spec. p. 220.) digynous tetran-
drous; peduncles 3-flovvered ; flowers pedicellate ; corolla trans-
parent, 4-cleft; genitals inclosed; stigmas capitate; capside mem-
branous. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. Stems capillary.
Corolla one-half longer than the calyx. Epipetalous scales
seated on the stamens, fixed to the mouth of the corolla, and
alternating with its segments, which are lanceolate. Capsule
2-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
//^a/i'ne-flowered Dodder. PL parasitical.
30 C. cAPiLLARis (Wall. cat. no. 1321.) ©. S. Native of
the East Indies, at Segaen, opposite Ava. This only diflfers
from C. sulcata in the flowers being a little more crowded.
Cajiillarij Dodder. PL parasitical.
31 C. capita'ta (Roxb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 864.) flowers
disposed in crowded heads ; calyx and corolla papillose, pellu-
cid. ©. G. Native of the East Indies.
Caj«'ta/e-flowered Dodder. PL parasitical.
•j- Doubtful species.
32 C. FUsiFORMis (Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 205.) peduncles 1-3-flowered; corolla 4-cleft, very minute
and remote. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on
Slavia radiata.
Fusiform Dodder. PL parasitical.
33 C. cymosa (Willd. 1. c) corollas quinquefid ; flowers cy-
mose ; cymes bifid. 0. S. Native of South America. Humb.
et Bonpl. Perhaps the same as C. umbellata.
R R
306 CONVOLVULACE;E. XXXV. Mouroucoa. RETZIACE^. I. Retzia. II. Lonchostoma. BORAGINEjE.
Cymose-Rowered Dodder. PI. parasitical.
Cult. The species are all parasitical, or rather epiphytical
plants ; the hardy species grow very well on ivy, or any small
shrub. All the species may be grown by sowing the seeds in
at the side of any soft wooded plant.
■f- It is not known whether the following genus belongs to the
present order.
XXXV. MOUROUCO'A (the name of the genus in Guiana.)
Aubl. Guian. 1. p. 112. t. 54. Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 337.
Lam. ill. t. 103. Juss. gen. 133. ed. Usteri. p. 148.
Lin. syst. Pcntandria, Monogynla. Calyx deeply 5-parted,
coloured ; segments approximate : outer ones the largest, vio-
laceous. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short ; segments of the
limb spreading, roundish. Stamens rising from the base of the
lobes, in the upper part of the tube ; filaments long, incurved.
Stigma thick, roundish, bilamellate. Capsule girded by the
calyx, 2-celled, ex Lam., 3-celled, ex Juss., ovate-oblong, coria-
ceous, fibrous ; cells 1 -seeded. ? Seeds large. — A climbing
shrub, with stiff, elliptic, acute, glabrous leaves, and axillary,
fleshy, thick peduncles, bearing fascicles of flowers at their tops.
Corollas large, flat, blue.
1 M. violaVea (Aubl. 1. c.) Tt . '^. S. Native of Guiana,
in woods. Convolvulus macrospermus, Willd. spec. 1. p. 860.
Stem branched. Leaves entire, plicate ; petioles channelled
above.
FtoZaceoMS-calyxed Murucoa. Shrub climbing or twining.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Argyreia, p. 257.
Order CLXV. RETZIA'CEiE (this order contains plants
agreeing with Relzia in important characters.) Bartl. ex
Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 400.
Calyx bracteate, imbricate, deeply 5-parted. Corolla tubidar,
cylindrical. Stamens inserted into the tube ; anthers subcor-
date. Stigmas 2, or bifid. Capsule 2-celled ; dissepiment pla-
centiferous on both sides ; cells many -seeded. — Branched, erect,
shrubs. Leaves alternate, or 4 in a whorl. Flowers lateral,
sessile towards the extremities of the branches. This order dif-
fers from its allies in the cells of the capsule being many-seeded,
and in the dissepiment being placentiferous.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Re'tzia. Corolla villous. Style bifid. Cells of capsule
many-seeded.
2 Lonchostoma. Corolla glabrous. ? Styles 2. Cells of
capsule generally 10-seeded.
I. RETZIA (so named by Thunberg, in honour of Anders
Johan Rctzius, professor of natural history and economy, in the
university of Lund, in Sweden ; author of Observationes Bota-
nicEe, Lips, fol.) Thunb. act. lund. 1. p. 55. nov. gen. 4.
Lam. ill. t. 103. Schreb. gen. no. 285. Lin. suppl. 18. Juss.
gen. 133. ed. Usteri. p. 149.
Lin. syst. Pentandriii, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted, un-
equal ; segments lanceolate. Corolla tubular, contracted under
the limb, villous inside and outside, 5-parted at apex ; limb
short ; segments or lobes obtuse, concave, very villous at apex.
Anthers subcordate. Stigma bifid, simple. Capsule oblong,
acute ; cells many-seeded. — An erect, branched shrub. Leaves
4- in a whorl. Flowers bracteate, terminal, crowded.
7
1 R. spica'ta (Thunb. act. lund. 1. p. 55. t. 1. f. 2. Lam.
ill. t. 103. Lin. suppl. 138.) Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on the highest mountains. R. Capensis, Thunb. prod,
p. 34. Branches hairy. Leaves crowded, lanceolate-linear, ses-
sile, blunt, 1 -grooved above, with impressed dots, 2-grooved be-
neath. Flowers lateral towards the extremities of the branches,
sessile, crowded, upright, almost concealed among the leaves.
Bracleas acute, keeled, hairy, longer than the calyx. Corollas
rufescent. This plant bears a very great affinity with Convol-
vulus, and especially with Cotivolvulus cenotheroldes, which is
probably also a species of Retzia.
Spicaie-Rowered Retzia. Fl, May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 4
feet.
2 R. ? campanuloides (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 589.) glabrous,
erect ; stem herbaceous, branched ; leaves alternate, linear-lan-
ceolate, entire, erect ; flowers solitary, terminal, naked. If. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polemonium campanu-
loides, Thunb. prod. p. 35. Lin. suppl. p. 139. Willd. spec.
1. p. 887. Stigma bifid. Said to resemble Campdnula persici-
folia.
Campanula-like Retzia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 R. ROELLOiDES (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 589.) stems herbaceous,
villous ; leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate, marginate, sca-
brous; flowers axillary and terminal, sessile. %. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Polemonium roelloides, Thunb.
prod. 1. p. 35. Lin. suppl. 139. Willd. spec. 1. p. 887.
Roella-like Retzia. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
Cull. Any light rich soil will answer this shrub, or a mix-
ture of peat, loam, and sand. Cuttings will strike root freely in
sand, under a hand-glass.
II. LONCHO'STOMA (from Xoyx'?. lonchc, a lance; and
arofia, stoma, a mouth ; in reference to the segments of the
corolla, which are lanceolate, and attenuated towards the throat
of the corolla.) Wikstr. in acad. holm. 1818. t. 10. Spreng.
gen. ]. p. 216.
Lin. syst. Pentundria, Digynia. Calyx bracteate, imbri-
cate, 5-parted. Corolla tubular ; limb 5-parted ; segments
lanceolate, attenuated to the throat. Stamens 5, inserted in the
tube of the corolla. Styles 2. Capsule 2-celIed, 2-valved ;
dissepiments placentiferous on both sides; cells generally 10-
seeded — Shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, with alter-
nate leaves. Flowers spicate, terminal.
1 L. obtusiflorum (Wikstr. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, hairy out-
side ; sepals and segments of corolla obtuse : styles subclavate,
inclosed. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Passe-
lina pentandra, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 76.
Blunt-flowered Lonchostoma. Shrub.
2 L. ACUTiFioRUM (Wikstr. 1. c.) leaves ovate, pilose out-
side; sepals and segments of corolla acute ; styles filiform, ex-
serted. >j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Acute-Jloivered Lonchostoma. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Retzia above.
Order CLXVI. BORAGI'NE^E (this order contains plants
agreeing with Borago in important characters.) Juss. gen. p.
130. ed. Usteri, p. 143. R. Br. prod. p. 492. — Asperifoliae
Nucifera;, Lehm. asp.
Calyx 5-parted, rarely 4-parted, permanent. Corolla hypo-
gynous, monopetalous, usually regular, 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft,
imbricate in aestivation. Stamens epipetalous, equal in number
to the segments of the corolla, and alternating with them, rarely
more. Ovarium 4-parted, 4-seeded, or simple, 2-4-celled, with
BORAGINE^.
307
a definite number of pendulous ovula. Carpels 4, distinct, or
joined at bottom ; or a berry containing 2-4 pyrenoe. Seeds
exalbuminous. Embryo inverted'. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves
alternate, exstipulate, usually rough. Flowers generally disposed
in secund spikes, but sometimes panicled and corymbose, and
sometimes axillary and solitary.
The true Dorag'mcce are chiefly herbaceous plants, with alter-
nate exstipulate leaves, the surfaces of wliich are covered with
minute asperities, and with flowers arranged in one-sided spikes
or racemes ; very rarely solitary. The fruit is generally com-
posed of 4 distinct carpels. Some, Echlums, and a few more,
are shrubs. The genus Tourneforlia and Messerschmidlia
are chiefly composed of shrubs. Some of the plants of this
order are mere weeds, quite unworthy of culture ; others are
eminently beautiful, as many E^chiums, Onosmas, Onosmodiums,
Sijmphytums Merlensias, and others. In general they have
mucilaginous and emollient qualities, which are especially abun-
dant in the root of Symphylmn and djnogUssiim. Pure nitre has
been found in several plants of tliis order. A red colour is given
out by Anchilsa tincloria, Lithospermum tinctorium, and Onosma
echioldes, which is used in dyeing. Several plants of the same
order are employed on the same account in America.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
BoRAGiE^iE. Fruit of 4 distinct, 1-celled carpels, which are im-
perforated at the base. Corolla deeply 5-parted, with pointed
segments. Stamens usually exserted. Inflorescence diffuse.
SUBTRIBE I.
Borage^;. Nuts fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imper-
forated at the base. Corolla rotate ; throat furnished with
vaulted processes.
1 Bora'go. Corolla rotate ; throat furnished with emargi-
nate processes or arches. Stamens glabrous ; anthers oblong,
pointed, fixed by the inner side. Nuts turbinate, fixed to the
bottom of the calyx.
2 Trachyste'mon. Corolla rotate ; throat furnished with
short, blunt, or emarginated processes or arches. Stamens with
lengthened, hairy filaments, and incumbent, pointless anthers.
Nuts fixed to the bottom of the calyx.
SUBTRIBE II.
Rinde're^:. Nuts adnate to the central column. This, with
subtribe Cynoglossex of tribe Buglossece, might with propriety
form a tribe to be called CynoglossecB, from the carpels being
fixed to the central column.
§ 1. Throat of corolla furnished rvith vaulted 2)rocesses.
3 Ma'ttia. Corolla angular, tubidarly funnel-shaped ; throat
furnished with processes. Stamens exserted, but usually in-
closed ; anthers sagittate, connivent. Nuts furnished with a
membranous, emarginate, orbicular wing, fixed to the centre
column longitudinally.
4 Solena'ntiius. Corolla tubular, 5-toothed ; throat fur-
nished with 5 arched processes. Stamens exserted. Nuts 4,
depressed, echinatcd, adnate to the central column.
§ 2. Throat of corolla naked.
5 Rinde'ra. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat naked. Anthers
sessile, between the segments of the corolla. Nuts margined by
a broad, striated, stiffish wing, adhering lengthwise to the thick
central column.
6 Trichode'sma. Corolla subrotate ; throat naked ; seg-
ments subulate at apex. Anthers fixed together by hairs.
Nuts 4, half immersed in as many hollows or pits of a 4-winged,
central column, adnate near the apex.
Tribe II.
SYMPHY'iEa:. Corolla tubular, truncate ; with very short
lobes. Stamens inclosed. Carpels or nuts fixed to the bottom
of the calyx. Inflorescence usually revolute.
7 Sy'mphytum. Corolla tubularly campanulate ; throat fur-
nished with subulate or lanceolate processes, which connive into
a cone. Nuts 4, 1-celled, ovate, imperforated at the base.
8 Colsma'nnia. Corolla cylindrically campanulate ; throat
naked. Anthers sagittate, distinct. Nuts 4, 1-celled, ovate-
triangular, perforated at the base.
9 Stomote'chium. Corolla tubularly subcylindrical ; throat
closed by roundish, fleshy, muricated processes. Anthers ob-
long. Nuts 4, 1-celled, roundish, perforated at the base.
10 Onosma. Corolla tubularly-campanidate ; throat naked.
Anthers sagittate, connected by the lobes at the base. Nuts 4,
1-celled, ovate, imperforated at the base.
11 Onosmodium. Corolla tubular ; throat naked ; limb ven-
tricose ; segments conniving. Antliers sagittate, distinct. Nuts
4, 1-celled, turgid, shining, imperforated at the base.
12 Pulmona'ria. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat pilose.
Nuts 4, 1-celled, turbinate, imperforated at the base.
13 Merte'nsia. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped ; throat
naked. Nuts 4, 1-celled, ovate, smooth or wrinkled, imper-
forated at the base.
14 Cerinthe. Corolla tubular ; throat naked. Anthers
hastate, connected, having the lobes spirally twisted at the base.
Nuts 2, 2-celled, or 4, combined by twos, imperforated at the
base.
Tribe III.
Lithospe'rme.e. Corolla open, tubular ; with broad, mostly
rounded lobes. Stamens inclosed or exserted. Nuts 4, dis-
tinct, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at the base,
except in Strihila.
15 Lithospe'rmum. Corolla funnel-shaped; throat naked.
Anthers oblong, inclosed. Nuts ovate, hard.
16 Ba'tschia. Corolla salver-shaped, with a straight tube,
longer than the calyx, bearded by a ring of hairs inside at the
base ; mouth naked. Nuts 4, hard, shining. Stamens exserted
or inclosed.
17 Macrome'ria. Corolla funnel-shaped; lobes acute;
508
BORAGINE^.
throat naked. Anthers linear-oblong, incumbent. Style a
small pruinose dot. Ovaria 4, connate.
18 MoLTKiA. Corolla cylindrically funnel-shaped ; throat
naked. Stamens exserted ; anthers oblong, incumbent. Nuts
hemispheric, concave at the base.
19 Craniospe'rmum. Corolla cylindrical, 5-toothed at apex ;
throat naked. Stamens exserted. Anthers oblong. Nuts large,
diffbrmed.
20 StrIbila. Corolla funnel-sh.iped, with a slender tube
and spreading limb, villous. Stamens length of the limb of the
corolla. Style bifid ; stigmas 2, capitate. Fruit pyramidal,
perforated at the base.
21 KcHiUM. Corolla funnel-shaped; throat wide, naked;
segments of the limb in m.iny species unequal. Nuts turbinate,
gigartoid, scabrous.
22 EcHiocHiLON. Corolla with a slender arched tube, a
bilabiate limb, and a naked throat ; upper lip 2-lobed ; lower
jip somewhat 3-lobed. Nuts glabrous, tubereled.
23 NoNEA. Calyx at length inflated. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
tube straight ; throat bearded. Stamens inclosed Stigma
simple. Nuts with parallel stripes.
24 Loboste'mon. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat furnished
with erect processes, which bear the stamens on the back. Nuts
turbinate.
25 Lycopsis. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed ; tube incurved ;
throat furnished with ovate prominent conniving scales. Stamens
inclosed. Stigma einarginate. Nuts turbinate, concave at the
base.
Tribe IV.
Bugl6sse;e. Corolla salver-shaped, or funnel-shaped, having
the mouth closed with vaulted processes. Nuts 4, 1 -celled,
fixed to the bottom of the calyx, perforated at the base, except
in Echinospermurn.
SUBTRIBE I.
Akchu'se^. Nuts fixed to the bottom of the calyx, perfo-
rated at the base.
26 Anchu'sa. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat closed by
erect obtuse processes. Stamens inclosed. Nuts turbinate,
concave, and perforated at the base.
27 MvosOTis. Corolla salver-shaped; throat furnished with
short processes. Stamens inclosed. Nuts perforated at the
base.
28 Exakrhe'na. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat furnished
with vaulted processes. Stamens exserted ; anthers peltate.
Nuts umbilicate at the ba::e.
29 Bothriospe'rmum. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat fur-
nished with bifid processes. Anthers nearly sessile, inclosed.
Stigma capitate. Nuts reniform, perforated at the base, and
umbilicate on the inner side.
SuBTRIBE II.
CYN0GL6ss£.ffi;. Nuts fixed to the central column, imperfo-
rated at the base.
30 Echinospe'rmum. Corolla salver-shaped; throat furnished
with short scales. Nuts echinated.
31 Roche'lia. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed ; throat fur-
nished with arched scales or processes. Nuts 2, oblique, com-
bined, adnate to the indurated style.
S2 Omphalodes. Corolla rotate ; throat closed by short
processes. Nuts depressed, having the margin cup-shaped from
an inflexed membrane.
33 Cynoglossum. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat furnished
with erect processes. Nuts depressed, echinated.
34 Asperu'go. Calyx compressed in the fruit-bearing state,
sinuately denticulated. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tiu-oat closed by
processes. Nuts depressed.
Tribe V.
Heliotr6pe.e. Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, having
the throat pervious or bearded ; limb plicate. Nuts 4, 1-2-
celled, combined into a single fruit, closed at the base, without
any manifest torus or receptacle.
35 Heliotropium. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ;
throat pervious, in some bearded ; limb plicate. Stigma sub-
conical. Nuts 1-celled.
36 PiPTocLAiNA. Calyx tubular, 5-tootlied. Corolla salver-
shaped ; throat furnished with teeth between the segments of the
limb. Nuts 4, or solitary, 1-celled, wrinkled.
37 Tiaridium. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ;
tube angular, arched, 5-rayed ; segments of the limb un-
dulated. Stigma capitate, Nuts 2-celled, mitre-formed, acu-
minated,
38 Colde'nia. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat wide, naked ;
limb flat, with equal spreading segments. Style bifid at apex.
Nuts 1-celled, convex outside.
39 Halga^nia. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube short; limb
flat ; throat naked. Stamens inclosed ; anthers fixed by the
base, where they are cordate and connivent. Stigma simple, ob-
tuse. Fruit obliquely and tetragonally ovate, composed of 2
2-celled divisions ; cells 1 -seeded.
40 PREsi.a;'A. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb having a plica
between each of the segments ; throat furnished with 5 fascicles
of pili, just above the connivent anthers, which are appendicu-
late at the base, and inclosed. Stigma rising from a conical
disk. Fruit divisible into 4 1 -seeded parts or nuts.
41 EuPLOCA. Corolla funnel-shaped; limb flat. Stamens
inclosed. Stigma annular, bearded at apex. Nuts 4, aj)pro.x-
imating by pairs, imperforated and angular at the base, fixed
to the bottom of the calyx.
42 Tournefortia. Corolla salver-shaped or subrotate ;
throat naked. Stamens inclosed. Stigma peltate, somewhat
conical. Berry containing 2 2-seeded bony nuts.
43 Messerschmidtia. Corolla salver-shaped, or subrotate ;
throat naked. Stamens inclosed. Stigma peltate, somewhat
conical. Berry containing 4 1 -seeded nuts.
44 Cana'la. Corolla tubular, ventricose, 5-toothed, coarc-
tate at the base into a short tube. Stamens inclosed. Nuts 2,
stony, roundish, combined ; seeds 4 in each cell.
Tribe I.
BORAGIE".^ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Borago
BORAGlNEiE. I. Borago. II. Trachystemon.
309
in the characters given). D. Don in Edinb. pliii. journ. July,
1832. Corolla deeply parted, with pointed segments. Stamens
exsertcd. InHorescence diffuse. Nuts 4, 1-celled, 1-seeded,
distinct.
SuBTRIBE I.
Bora'ge.e. Nuts fixed to the bottom of the calyx. Corolla
rotate ; throat furnished with vaulted processes.
I. BORA' GO (altered from Cor, the heart, and ago, to
effect ; in relerence to cordial qualities of Borago). Tourn.
inst. t. 53. Lin. gen. no. 188. Schreb. 2t8. Juss. gen. p. 131.
ed. Usteri. p. 116. Lehm. asper. p. 2. Lam. ill. t. 94. f. 1.
Scbkuhr, handb. t. 31. Boraginoides, Boerh. p. 88. Cynoglos-
soides, Isnard, act. gall. 1718. t. 10.
Lin. Syst. Ptntdndrla, Munogijn'ia. Corolla rotate ;
throat furnished witli emarginate vaulted processes. Anthers
distinct, oblong or lanceolate, awned, hxed by the inner side,
conniving into a cone. Nuts 4, 1-celled, turbinate, fixed to the
bottom of the calyx. — Rough phmts, with fusiform roots ; ob-
long or lanceolate leaves, and blue, panicled, drooping flowers.
1 B. OFFICINALIS (Lin. spec. 197.) lower leaves obovate,
attenuated at the base ; segments of the limb of the corolla
ovate, acute, spreading. $ . H. This plant came originally
from Aleppo, but is now naturalized in most parts of Europe.
It is now to be found in England, on dunghills and heaps of
rubbish frequently. Smith, engl. hot. t. 36. St. Hil. pi. fr. 1. t.
58. .Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. icon. — Plenck. icon. t. 77. — Blackvv.
t. 36.— Sabb. hort. 2. t. 20, 21.— Mor. hist. 437. sect. ll.t. 2G.
f. 1. Plant hispid from pili, glaucous. Upper cauline leaves
oblong, sessile, sub-cordate at the base. Corolla blue or purple,
and sometimes white. Nuts ovate oblong, obtuse, ribbed on the
inner side ; ribs denticulated. Borage was formerly in great
request, being reckoned one of the four cordial flowers. " Very
light, surely," says an ingenious author, " were those sorrows
which could be driven away by borage." Yet Borage flowers
are at least innocent, which is more than can be said of many
other general remedies for care. The whole herb is succulent,
and very mucilaginous, having a peculiar faint smell when
bruised. The juice affords a true nitre. The plant is now
seldom taken inwardly. The young tender leaves may be used
as salads, or as a pot herb.
Officinal Borage. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
2 B. crassifolia (Vent. hort. eels. p. 100. t. 100.) leaves
lanceolate, acute, fleshy ; segments of the limb of the corolla
unequal, linear-lanceolate, spreading. %. H. Native of
Persia. Willd. enum. 1. p. 185. Lehm. asp. p. 203. Stems
ascending, glabrous, and as if they were articulated or nodose.
Leaves glaucous, muricated from hooked prickles on the edges
above, but glabrous beneath, except on the nerves. Flowers
solitary or racemose, purplish, erect at first.
Thick-leaved Bora'^e. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 B. longif6li.\ (Desf fl. atl. 1. p. 162. t. 44.) leaves liuear-
lanceolate ; segments of the limb ovate, acute, spreading.
%. H. Native of Numidia, in humid places. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 777. Lehm. asp. p. 204. Root branched, woody. Stem
hispid from yellow retrograde pili. Leaves scabrous above,
and downy beneath, cauline ones half stem-clasping. Flowers
disposed in a terminal bracteate panicle. Pedicels and calyxes
hairy. Segments of the calyx linear, much longer than the
corolla. Corolla blue. Nuts oblong, smooth, obtuse.
Long-leaved Boraae. Fl. July, .\ug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot.
4 B. laxiflora (D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 422.) leaves oblong; seg-
ments of the limb of the corolla ovate, bluntish, erectly spread-
ing. 1/. H. Native of Corsica. Horn. hort. Iiafn. 1. p. 181.
Lehm. asp. p. 203. Anchusa laxiflora, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 736.
D. C. syn. no. 2728. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1798. Stems decum-
bent, many from the same root, hispid from retrograde bristles.
Leaves rough from strigae ; radical ones rosulate ; cauline ones
half stem-clasping. Flowers on long pedicels, racemose, nutant.
Pedicels and calyx pilose. Corolla fine blue. Nuts turbinate,
wrinkled.
Loose-flowered Borage. Fl. M.ay, Aug. Clt. 1813. PI. dec.
Doubtful species.
5 B. macranthe'ra (Russel, beschr. aleppo 2. p. 151.) leaves
lanceolate, ciliated ; calyxes ciliated, shorter than the tube of
the corolla ; anthers unequal. IJ.H. Native about Aleppo.
Long-anthered Borage.
6 B. ? VERRUCOSA (Forsk. fl. Eegypt. p. 41.) warts of
leaves furnished with stiflT pungent bristles : calyx prismatic.
1/ . ? H. Native of Arabia. Anthers terminated by a long
bristle. Seeds flat, emarginate, serrated.
IVarled-leaved Borage. PI.
Cult. Plants of the easiest culture, requiring hardly any care.
Most of them are very pretty border flowers. They are always
increased by seed, which should be sown in the open ground.
II. TRACHYSTE'MON (from rpaxvc, Irachys, rough, and
oTi;/nwi', stemon, a stamen.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July,
Oct. 1832. Borago species, Lin. and Smith.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla rotate; throat fur-
nished with short, emarginate processes. Anthers distinct, oblong,
pointless, incumbent ; filaments long, hairy. Nuts 4, l-ce!led,
fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at the base. — •
Rough plants, with tuberous or fusiform roots, and copious
drooping blue flowers.
1 T.orient.v'lis (D. Don, I.e.) lower leaves cordate; segments
of the limb of the corolla revolute, pilose outside at the apex.
11 . H. Native about Constantinople, and in woods about Bel-
grade. Borago orientalis, Lin. spec. 197. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 22.
Smith, fl. graec. t. 175. Ker. bot. reg. 288. Mill, icon 1.
t. 68. Borago cordifolia, JMoench. meth. suppl. p. 275. Kern,
abblld.t. 118. — Tourn. itin. 2. t. 13.— Buxb. cent. 5. p. 16. t. 30.
Root tuberous, and black outside. Stem hispid from retrograde
pili, paniculately branched at top. Leaves hispid, broad ; radical
ones on long petioles ; the uppermost cauline ones ovate-lanceo-
late, narrowed at the base, and nearly sessile. Flowers copious,
on long pedicels, purplish-blue, disposed in conjugate racemes
at the ends of the branches, bracteate. Processes in the throat
of the corolla, white, short, blunt, emarginate.
Oriental Trachystemon. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1752.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 T. Cre'ticum ; lower leaves ovate ; segments of the limb
of the corolla linear, revolute, glabrous. %. H. Native of the
islands of Candia and Zante, and on Mount Athos. Borago
Cretica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 778. Desf. cor. Tourn. in ann. mus.
10. p. 428. t. 34. Sibth et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 176. Tourn.
cor. inst. p. 6. Lehm. asp. p. 200. Root fusiform. Stems
beset with stiff" hairs. Leaves pilose, with crenately undulated,
subciliated edges, 3-4 inches long; superior leaves nearly sessile.
Flowers white, or very pale blue, with rose-coloured stamens,
and yellow anthers, pedicellate, disposed in loose, terminal, con-
jugate racemes ; processes of the throat subulate. F'ilaments
naked.
Cretan Trachystemon. Fl. Ap. Ju. Ch. 1823. PI. U foot.
Cult. These are plants of easy culture, but do best in a
shady rather dry situation. They are easily increased by dividing
at the root, or by seed.
SUBTRIBE II.
Rinde"rE;E. Nuts or carpels fixed to the central cohnnn.
This, with subtiibe II. Cijnogloiscce, of tribe Buglossea;, might
with propriety form a distinct tribe, to be called Cynoglossece,
from the attachment of the carpels.
310
BORAGINE^. III. Mattia.
§ 1. Throat of corolla furnished with vaulted processes.
III. MATTIA (meaning unknown to us.) Scliultes, obs. p.
30. syst. 4. p. X. — Cynoglossum species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calycine segments linear-
lanceolate. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped ; tube pent.igonal ;
segments of the limb linear, lanceolate, or roundish ; throat
furnished with compressed emarginate conniving processes,
which are the length of the tube. Anthers sagittate, inclosed
or exserted, connivent. Stigma simple. Nuts 4, 1-seeded,
winged by a flat, emarginate, orbicular, diaphanous membrane,
concave outside, glabrous, shining, fixed to the central column at
the base (top?). — Erect plants, with sessile leaves, and terminal
racemes of drooping flowers.
§ 1. Nuts compressed, smooth. Stamens exserted.
1 M. umbella'ta (Schultes obs. p. 32.) leaves narrow-lance-
olate, downy, canescent ; racemes terminal, umbellate ; corolla
a little longer than the calyx,
with oblong obtuse segments ;
nuts smooth. 2/. H. Native
of Siberia and Hungary. Cy-
noglossum umbellatum, Waldst.
et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 158. t.
148. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p.
178. Willd. enum. 1. p. 181.
Symphytum regium, Gmel. syst.
2. p. 320.— Gmel. itin. 3. t.
36. f. 1. Root nearly simple,
perpendicular. Steins simple,
bluntly angular, hairy. Radical
leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering
into the petioles ; upper cauline
ones sessile. Pedicels and ca-
lyxes woolly. Corolla yellow,
tinged with red ; processes of
the throat red or wanting ?
Umbellale-Rov/ere(] Mattia.
PI. U foot.
FIG. 33.
Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822.
§ 2. Nuts compressed. Stamens inclosed.
2 M. lana'ta (Schultes, obs. p. 31. syst. 4. p. 82.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate; villous, canescent, rather scabrous; flowers race-
mose; corolla twice longer than the calyx, with linear, connivent
segments; nuts smooth. 'IJ. H. Native of Armenia. Cyno-
glossum lanatum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 238. Desf. ann. mus. 10. p.
432. t. 37. Tourn. cor. p. 7. Stems angular, simple, clothed
with hoary tomentum, divided into simple floriferous branches at
top. Racemes loose, simple, terminal, and in the axils of the
superior leaves ; pedicels recurved, and are, as well as the
calyxes, woolly. Calycine segments linear, acute. Nuts ovate,
cordate, clypeate. Corollas reddish, drooping.
/f^oo/;?/ Mattia. Fl. June. Clt. 1800. PI. U foot.
3 M. glastifolia ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, beset by a few
scattered papillae beneath, and denticulately scabrous on the edges ;
flowers racemose ; corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, with
roundish segments ; nuts muricate in the centre, with mem-
branous edges. i;. H. Native of Armenia. Cynoglossum
glastifolium, Willd. spec. i. p. 764. Desf cor. Tourn. in ann.
mus. 10, p. 430. t. 35. Rindera glastifolia, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 83. Stem branched at top. Peduncles axillary and
terminal, few-flowered, glabrous ; pedicels racemose, loose ; and
are, as well as the edges of the calyxes, papillose. Segments
of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse. Corollas blue.
Glastum-leaved Mattia. PI. H to 2 feet.
4 M. angustifolia ; leaves linear, hispid from pili ; flowers
racemose ; corollas twice as long as the calyx, with rounded
segments ; nuts smooth, having the marginal membranes denti-
culated. TJ. . H. Native of Armenia. Cynoglossum angusti-
folium, Willd. spec. 1. p. 763. Lehm. asp. p. 171. Cynogl.
emarginJitum, Lam. ill. no. 1799. Cynogl. racemosum, Schreb.
in act. bonn. 3. p. 4 76. Rindera ? emarginata, Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 83. Stems numerous, simple, canescent, pilose,
angular. Flowers erect, secund, disposed into 2 terminal bract-
less racemes. Calyx hoary, with lanceolate bluntish segments.
Scales in the throat lanceolate-acute, small. Corollas blue.
Narrow-leaved Mattia. PI. | to 1 foot.
5 M. crista'ta ; leaves linear -lanceolate, attenuated at the
base, hispid from pili ; flowers racemose ; corollas a little longer
than the calyx, with rounded segments ; nuts muricated in the
centre, and crestedly rayed along the edges of the wings.
T/.H. Native of Armenia. Cynoglossum crisf^tum. Lam.
diet. 2. p. 237. Lehm. asp. 189. Schreb. nov. act. cur. 3.
p. 478. exclusive of the synonymes. Omphalodes cristata,
Schrank, denks. acad. wiss. munch. 1811 and 1812, p. 221.
Root perpendicular. Stems hispid, simple, furnished with some
racemiferous peduncles at apex. Racemes 2-3 terminal, and
some lateral, many-flowered, loose, drooping before florescence.
Pedicels secund, and are, as well as the calyxes, hispid, grey.
Calycine segments lanceolate, bluntish. Corollas blue. Stamens
inclosed, as in the 2 preceding species.
Crest ed-fruhed Mattia. PI. 1^ foot.
6 M. Colu'mn.e ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, stem-clasping,
villous ; flowers r.acemose ; corollas about equal in height to
the calyx, with rounded lobes; nuts muricated in the centre, and
denticulately rayed on the edges of the wings, ll. H. Native
near the town of Aversa, in stony dry places. Cynoglossum
Coliimnae, Biv. stirp. rar. sic. man. 2. Tenore, prod. fl. neap.
p. 33. Cynogl. cristiitum, /3. Lam. diet. 2. p. 298. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 764. — Column, ecphr. 1. p. 177. t. 178. — Morr. hist.
3. p. 449. sect. 11. t. .30. f. 7. Stem angular. Racemes panicled,
terminal. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, bluntish. Corolla
dirty purple, with deeper veins. Scales of the throat ciliated.
Stamens inclosed.
Columna's Mattia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 M. Magelle'nse ; leaves linear-lanceolate : superior ones
broader at the base ; flowers disposed in compact racemes ;
corollas about equal in length to the calyx, with rounded lobes ;
nuts membranous, muricated in the centre and on the margins.
If.. H. Native of Magella. Cynoglossum Magellense, Tenore
prod. neap. p. 33. Lehm. asp. p. 168. Plant white from villi.
Calyx woolly, with linear segments. Said to be nearly allied to
M. tanala. Corolla purplish.
Magella Mattia. PI. 1 foot.
§ 3. Nuts depressed, with denticulately ray edges. Stamens in-
closed. Flowers solitary. This section will probably consti-
tute a new genus.
8 M. FiLosA ; leaves linear, pilose, hoary; flowers solitary,
pedicellate, alternating with the leaves ; nuts denticulately rayed
on the edges. ©. H. Native of Peru, in the provinces of
Cercada and Chancay, in arid places. Cynoglossum pilosum,
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 6. t. 111. f. h. Lehm. asp. p. 167.
Plant hoary pilose. Stem slender, divided into loose, nearly
simple branches. Leaves 1 to Ig inch long. Pedicels much
shorter than the leaves. Calyx pilose. Corolla tubular, with
a flat limb. Nuts ovate, depressed, glabrous, surrounded by a
serrated membrane.
Pilose Mattia. PI. i foot.
9 M. LATERiFLORUM ; Icavcs linear, pilose ; flowers solitary,
nearly sessile, opposite the leaves ; calyxes unequal, a little
shorter than the corolla; nuts with deeply-rayed edges. ©. H.
Native of Chili about Santiago, and of Peru about Lima, in
arid fields. Cynoglossum lateriflorum. Lam. diet. 2. p. 237. ill.
BORAGINEiE. IV. Solenanthus. V. Rindera. VI. Trichodesma.
311
t. 92. f. 2. Lehm. asp. p. 166. Cynogl. lineare, Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 6. Pers. eiich. 1. p. ICO. Stems filiform, subtri-
chotomoiisly branched, pilose and hoary as tlie rest of the plant.
Pedicels short, erect when bearing the flower, but reflexed while
bearing the fruit. Calycine segments lanceolate, one longer than
the rest. Corollas small, white. Nuts 4, depressed, 2 of them
smaller, and probably abortive.
Latcral-JJuivered Mattia. PI. j to 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Boriigo, p. S09.
Plants of the most easy culture.
§ 2. Throat of corolla naked.
IV. SOLENA'NTHUS (from <7wA»;>', a tube; and aydog,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the corolla being tubular.)
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 193. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 26.
Lin. syst. Pentandrla, Alonogijnia. Calyx 5-pavted. Corolla
tubular, 5-toothed, furnished with 5 arched processes in the
throat. Stamens exserted. Stigma simple. Nuts 4, depressed,
echinated, adnate to the central column, towards the apex, inside.
A robust, erect plant, clothed with soft hairs. Radical leaves
petiolate, upper cauline ones sessile. Racemes solitary, or twin,
many flowered, bractless, at first revolute, at last erect, the
whole forming a terminal naked panicle. Corollas purple or blue.
1 S. circina'tus (Led. 1. c. p. 194) %. H. Native of
Altaia, in the eastern regions of the river Irtyscli, also in mea-
dows about moimts Arkanl and Dolenkara. Root thick, per-
pendicular, furnished with fibres. Stem erect, villous, thickness
of a small finger. Radical leaves having the petioles 4-5 inches
long, semi-cylindrical, channelled above, striately furrowed be-
neath, with membranous edges beset with adpressed, deflexed,
white hairs ; the leaves oblong, sub-cordate at the base, unequal,
acute or obtuse, entire, beset with adpressed hairs. Scales in the
throat of the corolla oblong, obtuse, erect, with villous edges.
CfVcina (e.racemed Solenanthus. Fl. April, May. PI. \\
to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Borago, p. 309.
V. RINDFRA (named by Pallas after Dr. Rinder, formerly
Dean of Medicine in Moscow.) Pall. itin. 1. append, p. 486.
t. F. f. 1-2. Lam. ill. t. 92. f. 3. Cynoglossum species. Pall.
Lin. syst. PenlAndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
with the tube a little longer than the calyx, a deeply 5-cleft limb,
a naked throat, and lanceolate-acute, erect segments. Anthers
nearly sessile, in the recesses between the segments of the
corolla, inclosed, erect, linear, dehiscing at the sides, and sub-
bifid at the base. Style setaceous ; stigma glandular, hardly
conspicuous, simple. Nuts 4, glabrous, ovate, compressed,
clypeate, each surrounded by a broad membrane, (one of which,
from its small size, is abortive,) fixed to the central column at the
base. — A glabrous plant, with a branched root, ovate-lanceolate
leaves, and terminal racemosely corymbose reddish flowers.
This genus differs from Mattia in the throat of the corolla
being naked, that is, without vaulted processes.
1. R. tetra'spis (Pall. I. c. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 193.) leaves
oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, smoothish ; flowers racemosely
corymbose ; corollas twice as long as the calyx, with linear
segments ; stamens shorter than the segments of the corolla,
T(.. H. Native of Siberia. R. laevigata, Room, ct Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 83. Cynoglossum laevigatum, Lin. syst. p. 157.
suppl. 131. Willd. spec. 1. p. 763. Lam. ill. t. 92. f. 3.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 324. t. 67. f. 4. Cynogl. Rindera, Pall. fl.
ross. 2. p. 96. t. 88.— Falck, itin. 2. t. 2. — Mor. hist. 3. sect.
11. t. 30. f. 11. Stems simple. Leaves glaucous, green, soft,
glabrous, dotted from minute glands, which are only seen
through a lens.
Pedicels and calyxes hoary. Calycine segments linear-lanceo-
late, reflexed when in fruit.
Four-pointed fruited Rindera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Borago, p. 309. for culture and propagation. A
plant of easy culture, but of no beauty.
VI. TRICHODE'SMA (from Bpi^ rpexoc, thrix trichos, a
Iiair ; and tifir/^oc, desmos, a bond ; anthers bound by hairs to
each other.) R. Br. ])rod. p. 496. Lehm. asper. 192. — Bo-
rago species, Lin. Juss. Lara. &c. — Boraginoides, Mociich.
meth. p. 515. — PoUichia, Medicus, phil. bot. 1. p. 32. — Cyno-
glossoides Isnard. hist, de I'acad. par. 1718. p. 257. f. 10, 11.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Corolla subrotate, with
a naked throat ; limb 5-parted, having the segments subulate at
the apex. Anthers exserted, furnished with 2 rows of hairs on
the back, by which they adhere to each other ; awns subulate,
twisted. Nuts 4, 1-seeded, half immersed in the pits of a
4-winged central column, closed at the base. — Erect, hispid,
annual plants, with terminal racemose or solitary pedicellate
axillary flowers.
1 T. I'ndicum (R. Br. prod. 496. Lehm. asp. p. 193.)
leaves narrow-lanceolate, bluntish, half stem-clasping ; pedicels
axillary; calycine segments auricled at the base, ©. H. Na-
tive of the East Indies. Bori\go I'ndica, Lin. spec. ed. 2d. p.
197. Willd. spec. 1. p. 776. Borraginoides sagitt^ta, Moench.
menth. p. 516. PoUichia I'ndica, Med. 1. c. 1718. p. 257.—
Isnard. 1. c. t. 10. ed. germ. t. 9. — Pluk. aim. t. 76. f, 3. Stem
hairy, gibbous at the parts where the branches rise. Leaves
scabrous above, and softish beneath. Pedicels drooping. Calyx
hairy. Corollas pale blue or white ; with ovate, cordate-acumi-
nated segments, which are twisted at top ; throat green, marked
by 5 rusty spots.
Indian Trichodesma. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1759. PI, 1 foot.
2 T. Zeyla'nicum (R. Br. 1. c. Lehm. asper. p. 194.)
leaves lanceolate, acute, on short petioles, attenuated at the
base; pedicels axillary ; calyxes not auricled. ©. H. Native
of the East Indies, and the shores of New Holland, within the
tropic. Borago Zeylanica, Lin. mant. p. 202. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 777. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 169. icon. rar. 2. t. 314. Burm. ind.
p.M.1. t. 14. f. 2.— Pluck, mant. 13. t. 335. f. 4. Stem pur-
plish, canescent, scabrous at bottom, and hispid at top. Leaves
scabrous above, from numerous, callous, white dots ; soft be-
neath, without dots, scabrous on the nerves and veins. Pedicels
pilose, hoary, longer than the leaves. Calyx hoary, pilose.
Limb of corolla white, with a blue star.
Ceylon TrichodesiTia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Shrub
li foot.
3 T. Africa'num (R. Br. 1. c. Lehm. asper. p. 195.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, petiolate, hispid from bristles ; flowers race-
mose ; calyxes not auricled. ©. H. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Borago Africana, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 197. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 777. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 181. Murr. fl. goett.
p. 142. Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 4. Borago verrucosa, F"orsk.
fl. ajgypt. p. 41. Borraginoides aculeata, Moench. meth. p.
516. "PoUichia Africana, Med. bot. beob. 1783. p. 248.—
Isnard. hist, de I'acad. par. 1718. p. 257. t. 11. — Sabb. hort. 2.
t. 22. Stem trichotomously branched, strigose. Flowers droop-
ing, disposed in a.Killary and terminal, pedunculate racemes.
Calycine segments lanceolate. Corolla fine blue, with a yellow
throat ; segments ovate, acuminated, spirally twisted at top.
Nuts scabrous.
^/nc«« Trichodesma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Ph 1 ft.
4 T. LiTiiospERMoiDES (RociTi. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 69.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly sessile, attenuated at the base,
with subrevolute edges ; flowers axillary, pedicellate ; calyxes
312
BORAGINEiE. VII. Symphytum.
not auricled. Q. H. Native of the East Indies. Stem downv,
flicliotomously branched, and strigose like the leaves. Pedicels
hispid : upper ones longer than the leaves. Calycine segments
unequal, pilose. Corolla dark in the dried state, with subulate
segments.
Lilhosjyermum-like Trichodesma. PI. 1' foot.
Cull. Plants of the most easy culture. The seeds require
to be reared on a hot-bed early in spring; and the plants should
be afterwards planted out in the open ground about the end of
May, in a warm sheltered situation.
Tnbe II.
SYMPHY'TEiE. (This tribe agrees with Symphytum in the
characters given.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, Oct.
1832. Corolla tubular, truncate, with very short lobes. Inflo-
rescence revolute. Stamens inclosed. Nuts fixed to the bot-
tom of the calyx.
VII. SY'MPHYTUM (from crvfKpvw, symphyo, to make
unite ; and <pvTov, p/iyton, a plant ; in reference to the healing
qualities of the plant.) Tourn. inst. t 56. Lin. gen. 185.
Schreb. no. 245. Juss. gen. 131. ed. Usteri. p. 142. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. :i25. t. G7. f. 4. Lehm. asper. p. 3. and 343.
Schkuhr, handb. t. 30.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla cylindrically campanulate ; throat furnished with 5 subu-
late, vaulted processes, which connive into a cone. Nuts 4,
1 -celled, ovate, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated
at the base. — Rough, herbaceous plants, with broad leaves and
terminal, twin racemes of flowers.
§ 1. Roots tuberous or fleshy.
1 S. officina'lis (Lin. spec. p. 195.) stem branched, winged
at top; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, decur-
rent, very scabrous above, and hairy beneath ; racemes twin,
nutant, w ith a flower in the fork ; style length of corolla ; calyx
acute, hairy. %. H. Native throughout Europe and Siberia,
frequent in watery places. Smith, engl. bot. t. 817. Oed. fl.
dan. t. 6C4. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 4. t. 18. Drev. et Hayne, t.
36. Plenck, icon. t. 76. Woodv. med. bot. suppl. 10. t. 215.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 325. t. 67. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 30. Blackw.
t. 252. St. Hil. pi. fr. 2. t. 104. Lehm. asper. p. 351.— Petiv.
brit. t. 29. f. 5.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 1. Root fleshy,
black outside. Stems angularly winged. Corolla yellowish-
white ; segments denticulated. The root of Coiiifrcy abounds
in a pure, tasteless mucilage, like that of Marsh Mallow, but
according to Lewis more tenacious. Being easily obtained, it
therefore may be conveniently substituted for Marsh Mallow, in
all cases where emollients or demulcents are in use; as in irrita-
tions of the throat, intestines, and, above all, the bladder.
I'ar. ft, patens (Sibth. oxon. 220.) plant stronger ; flowers
bluish-purjjle, red before expansion. "If. . H. Not so common
in England as the species, but more so on the Continent, and in
Scotland. Symphytum majus flore purpiireo, Tabern. 559.
Plenck. icon. 76. We suspect this to be a distinct species, as
the habit is very different from that of the species.
Officinal Comfrey. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
2 S. Bohe'micum (Schmidt, boh. no. 211.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, alternate, running into the petioles; racemes twin, erect,
revolute at the apex ; style exceeding the corolla. %. H. Na-
tive of Bohemia. S. officinale, ft. Bohemicum, D. Don, in Sweet,
fl. gard. w. s. t. 304. Stem winged. Flowers red, or reddish
))urple.
Bohe-miun ComCrey. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 to
li foot.
3 S. TUBEROSUM (Lin. spec. 195. Jacq. austr. 3. p. 12. t. 63.)
stem simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed at the base : lower
ones petiolate : floral ones opposite, sessile, hardly decurrcnt ;
segments of the limb of corolla very short, obtuse. IJ.H.
Native of Germany, Austria, France, Spain, and Italy. It has
been observed in several parts of Scotland, about the Water of
Leitl); and at North Marchiston, near Edinburgh. Jacq. fl.
austr. t. 225. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1502. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 31.
Lehm. asper. 2. p. 345. — Morr. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 2.
S. majus, radice tuberosa. Root whitish, composed of many
thick knobs or tubers. Plant not so stiff and hairy as C. offici-
nale. The following description is given by Schimper of S.
tuberosum to distinguisli it from iS'. Zeycheri and S. bu/bosum :
Rhizoma oblique, thickened by scales, furnished with short, pro-
tuberant, branchlets ; stem simple ; leaves oblong-ovate, atte-
nuated at the base : lower ones petiolate : upper ones approxi-
m.iting by pairs or opposite : floral ones somewhat decurrent ;
teeth of calyx linear-lanceolate, shorter than the tube of the co-
rolla ; segments of the limb of the corolla very short, reflexed.
Style about equal in length to the corolla; processes of the
throat inclosed.
Tuberous-iooted Comfrey. Fl. May, Oct. Scotland. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
4 S. Zeyche'ri (Schimper, in mag. pharm. geiger. Oct. 1829,
and Jan. 1830, ex Bull. phil. vol. 21. p. 443.) rhizoma and
stolons tuberous; stem almost simple; leaves ovate, acute, run-
ning into the marginate petioles : floral ones approximate, or op-
posite, sessile ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, shorter than
the tube of the corolla ; corolla funnel-shaped ; anthers shorter
than the filainents ; segments of the limb of the corolla very
broad, erect, 3 times as short as the tube ; processes of the
throat much exserted, exceeding the style. % . H. Native of
Sicily.
Zcycher's Comfrey. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 S. BULBOSUM (Schimper, 1. c.) rhizoma and stolons tuber-
ous ; stem simple ; leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute, run-
ning into the petioles : floral ones approximating by pairs, or
opposite, ovate, rounded at the base, half stem-clasping ; caly-
cine teeth lanceolate : tube eqvialling the corolla ; limb of corolla
parted to the middle, with ovate, erect segments ; anthers as
long as the filaments ; processes of the throat exserted, exceed-
ing the style. l^.H. Native of Heidelberg, Vallais, Schliecher;
Apennines, Meyer. Rchb. icon. t. 209. f. 367. Mert. et
Koch. fl. allem. 2. p. 78. Bluff", and Fingash, fl. germ, suppl.
2. p. 598. Schimper, bot. zeit. 1825. no. 2. S. filipendida,
BischofT, in bot. zeit. 1826. no. 36. S. Cliisii, Gmel. fl. bad.
suppl. S. macrolepis, Gay. in Dierbach, in Greger's journ.
S. ))unctatum. Gaud. fl. helv.
Bulbous-rooted Comfrey. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 S. corda'tum (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 6. t. 7.)
stem simple ; leaves cordate, acuminated, on long petioles :
floral ones ovate-lanceolate, roundish, sessile, nearly opposite ;
corolla vcntricose, with recurved, obtuse segments. 1/. H.
Native of Hungary, Transylvania, and Western Iberia, in
woods. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 130. Lehm. asp. 2. p. 344.
S. Pannonicum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 161. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 152.
Root tuberous, creeping, brown outside. Stem simple, hairy.
Leaves large, hairy. Flowers cream-coloured, disposed in short,
terminal, twin racemes.
Cordale-hnvei Comfrey. Fl. May, Julv. Clt. 1813. PI.
1 to li foot.
§ 1. Roots fibrous.
7 S. orienta'le (Lin. spec. 195.) stem branched, hairy;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, petiolate, hairy above, and vil-
lous beneath : upper ones narrowed at the base : floral ones op-
posite, sessile ; calyx 5-cleft, tubular at the base ; segments of
corolla ovate, acute. T^.. H. Native of the north of Tauria; and
BORAGINEjE. VIII. CoLSMANNiA. IX. Stomotechium. X. Onosma.
313
near Constantinople, on the banks of rivulets. Willil. eiium. 1.
p. 183. Sims, bot. mag. 191:^. Lehm. asper. 2. p. ."4.5. Pall,
cat. fl. taur. in act. petrop. 1792. p. 30fi. Bieb. ti. taur. 1. p.
129. — Tourn. itiii. 2. p. 243. t. 14. cor. p. 7. — Biixb. cent. 5.
t. 68. Plant hairy. Corollas white, size of those of S. offici-
nale. Calycine segments linear, acute.
OWfw/o/ Conifrcy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1752. PI. 2 feet.
8 S. Cauca'sicum (Bieb. (\. cauc. 1. p. 128.) stem branched,
hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, half de-
current, clothed with soft hairs, canescent beneath : upper ones
opposite ; calyxes obtuse ; limb of corolla campannlate. If. .
H. Native of Caucasus, among buslies at the river Terek, be-
tween Mosdok and Kisljar. Root branched, black. Plant
hairy. Very like S. officinale, but more soft. Stem angular,
paniculately branched at apex. Calyx hispid. Corolla con-
stantly blue.
Caucasian Comfrey. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2
feet.
9 S. Tau'ricum (Willd. act. scrut. berol. 3. p. 120. t. 6. f. 1.
enum. 1. p. 184.) stem branched, hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate,
bluntish, petiolate, hairy, bullafely wrinkled above : floral ones
opposite, sessile ; calyx 5-parted ; lobes of corolla obtuse. 1/ .
H. Native of the south of Tauria, and Caucasus. Curt. bot.
mag. 1787. S. orientale, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 129.? — Tourn.
itin. ed. germ. 2. p. 337. t. 35. Jacq. eclog. p. 119. t. 81.
Stetn branched. Plant hairy. Corolla milk-white.
Var. ft, hullalum (Jacq. eclog. 119. no. 81. Horn, suppl.
hort. hafn. p. 13. Ledeb. in Schrad. journ. 4. p. 60.) leaves bul-
late, unequal at the base; corollas rather swollen. %. H.
Native of Caucasus. Stems dotted with red. Corolla pale
vellow, or cream-coloured.
Taiirian Comfrey. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. PI. U to 2
feet.
10 S. aspe'rrimum (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 129.) stems branched,
muricated ; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, ruiming into the
petioles, hairy above, and strigose beneath : upper ones op-
posite, nearly* sessile ; calyx muricated, acute ; limb of corolla
campanulate. %. H. Native of Caucasus and Tauria, on the
margins of rivulets. Willd. enum. 1. p. 183. Curt. bot. mag.
t. 929. S. asperum, Lepechin, nov. act. petrop. vol. 14. p. 444.
S. orientale folio subrotnndo aspero, flore caeruleo, Tourn. cor.
p. 7. Root black. Plant tall, and very rough, but beautiful
when in blossom. Stem beset with retrograde strigse. Corollas
downy outside, red before expansion, afterwards blue. Leaves
broad.
Var. ft, hyhridum (Loud. hort. brit. p. 54.) This is a smaller
variety, and appears to be a hybrid between S. orientale and
-S". asperrimum.
Very rough Comfrey. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1799. Plant
5 to 7 feet.
f Species hardly knorvn.
11 S. echina'tum (Ledeb. cat. hort. dorp, suppl. 1811.)
leaves muricated : lower ones cordate : floral ones sessile, nearly
opposite ; calyx spreading, twice shorter than the tube of the
corolla; stem much branched. 11. H. Native country un-
known.
Echinated Comfrey. PI. 2 feet ?
12 S. RACEMosuM (Stcphan, in Willd. herb, ex Rcem, et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 752.) leaves ovate, sessile ; racemes very
long, erect. %.V{. Native of Persia.
Racemose-^owexeA. Comfrey. PI.
What are Symph. laj've, Bess. cat. hort. crem. suppl. 1812?
Symph. intermedium, Fisch. cat. hort. goreinki ? and S. pere-
grinum, Ledeb. ?
Cult. All the species of Comfrey are extremely hardy, and
will grow in any soil and situation. Some are very handsome
border flowers ; and are well fitted for woods or shrubberies, as
they will grow under the shade of trees or shrubs. They are
easily increased by dividing at the root in Spring ; or by seeds,
but the former mode is preferable.
VIII. COLSMA'NNIA (named after John Colsmann, a pro-
fessor at Copenhagen ; author of Prodromus descriptionis Gra-
tiolae Hafn. 1793. 8vo.) Lehm. mag. berol. ges. nat. freund. 8.
p. 92. t. 4. asper. p. 3. and 35G.
Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx petaloid, penta-
gonal, 5-parted. Corolla cylindrically-carapanulate, with a naked
throat. Anthers sagittate, distinct. Nuts 4, 1 -celled, ovate-
triangular, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, perforated at the
base. — A hairy plant, with yellow, pedicellate flowers, which are
disposed in terminal racemes.
1 C. flaVa (Lehm. 1. c.) %. H. Native of the Levant.
Root brown outside. Stems numerous, erect, simple, beset with
adpressed, yellowish, soft hairs, like all other parts of the plant.
Leaves obovate-lanceolate, bluntish, attenuated at the base,
silky : lower ones petiolate. Flowers pedicellate, disposed in
terminal racemes, drooping before florescence, secund : lower
ones furnished with lanceolate bracteas. Calyx unequal. Co-
rollas yellow, downy outside. Style purplish.
1 t'//o?i'-flow'ered Colsmannia. PI. h foot.
Cult. This plant will answer very well as a low border
flower : it will grow well in common garden soil ; and will be
easily propagated by dividing at the root, or by seed. As the
plant is rare, some of it should be grown in pots, so that it may
be protected in winter.
IX. STOMOTE'CHIUM (from oro^tow, s/owoo, to close the
mouth ; and ex""', Echion Bugloss. This genus difl'ers from
E'chium in the mouth of the corolla being closed by vaulted pro-
cesses.) Lehm. asper. 4. and 395.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-angled, 5-
cleft. Corolla tubularly-cylindrical ; throat closed by roundish,
fleshy, muricated processes. Anthers oblong, inclosed. Nuts
4, 1 -celled, roundish, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, perfo-
rated at the base. — A shrubby, scabrous plant.
1 S. PAPILLOSUM (Lehm. asp. p. 396.) fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Stem and branches angular, smooth
below, and roughish above. Leaves alternate, sessile, almost
half stem-clasping, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, stifl"", with revolute
edges, scabrous from papillae, especially above ; papillaj white,
hispid in the young state. Flowers contiguous, nearly sessile,
secund, small, with an ovate, hispid bractea to each, disposed in
spicate racemes, terminating the branches, erect, constituting
terminal panicles.
Papillose Stomotechium. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is a good soil for
this shrub ; and cuttings may be rooted in the same kind of soil
under a hand-glass ; but the surest way of increasing it, is by
layering down the young shoots, having a little nick cut in each
shoot so layed. Seeds are sometimes produced, by which the
plant may be reared.
X. ONO'SMA (from orof, ones, an ass ; and otr/j-ri, os7/ie,
smell ; grateful to the ass.) Lin. gen. no. 187. ed. Schreb. no.
247. Gartn. fruct. 1. p. 326. t. 67. Juss. gen. 130. ed.
Usteri, p. 146. Lehm. asper. p. 4. and 366.
LiN. SYST. Pcntundria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
tubularly-campanulate ; throat naked. Anthers sagittate, con-
nected together by the bases of the lobes. Nuts 4, 1-celled,
S s
314
BORAGINEiE. X. Onosma.
ovate, stony, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at
tlie base. — Small, suffruticose, scabrous, canescent plants, with
crowded, lanceolate, or linear leaves ; and terminal racemes of
large, yellow, secund, usually drooping flowers.
* Hairs or bristles stellate, rising from tubercles.
1 O. FRUTicosuM (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 3. p. 10. t. 6.) stem
shrubby, much branched, hoary ; leaves obovate-oblong, hispid
from bristles ; flowers generally solitary, terminal, nutant. fj .
F. Native of Persia, in the province of Djilan; and of the
Island of Cyprus, on Mount Santa Cruz. Smith, fl. grsec. t.
174. Lehm. in nov. act. liafn. 180S. t. 1. asper. p. 361. Co-
rolla twice as long as the calyx, tubular, suljihur-coloured, an
inch long ; teeth short, acute, reflcxed. Calycine segments his-
pid, linear-lanceolate. Style purple. Genitals exserted.
Shrubby Onosma. Shrub 1 to li foot.
2 O. ANGUSTiiOLiuM (Lehiii. asper. p. 361.) strigose ; stems
simple ; leaves linear, canescent : lower ones sheathing : upper
ones dilated at the base ; flowers nutant. If. . F. Native of
Apulia, among rocks. O. cinereum, Sieb. pi. exsic.^ — Sabb.
hort. rom. 2. t. 32. — Column, ecphr. t. 183. f. 2. Stems soli-
tary or numerous. Leaves bluntish. Racemes solitary or twin,
terminal. Flowers nearly sessile, propped by lanceolate, acumi-
nated bracteas, which are subcordate at the base. Calyx pilose,
silky, canescent ; with linear, ciliated segments. Corolla yellow,
ventricose above ; teeth short, reflexed.
Narrow-leaved Onosma. PI. ^ to IJ foot.
3 O. ere'ctum (Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 121. fl. graec. t.
173.) tubercularly hispid or strigose ; stems simple, tufted ; leaves
linear, a little broader at top; flowers erect. 1^. H. Native
of Candia, on the higher mountains. Lehm. asper. p. 364.
Symphytum Creticum, echii folio angustiore longissimis viilis
horrido, flore croceo, Tourn. cor. p. 6. Root fusiform, blackish
brown. One of the hairs in each tuft is larger than the rest.
Racemes terminal, conjugate, spike-formed. Flowers nearly
sessile, propped by linear bracteas, which are as long as the
calyxes. Corollas yellow, ventricose, twice or thrice as long as
the calyxes ; teeth obtuse, short, reflexed. Nuts glabrous.
£)-cc(-flowered Onosma. PI. A foot.
4 O. stellula'tum (Bieb. fl.
cauc. 1. p. 132.) tubercularly FIG. 34.
hispid or strigose ; stems aggre-
gate ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse :
lower ones narrowed at the
base : superior ones dilated at
the base ; flowers drooping.
%. H. Lehm. asper. p. 364.
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 180.
Stems solitary or many, from
the same root. Racemes ter-
minal, conjugate. Flowers pe-
dicellate, propped by ovate-
lanceolate bracteas. Calycine
segments lanceolate-linear. Co-
rolla citron-coloured, ventricose
above ; teeth bluntish, reflexed.
Stigma capitate, emarginate.
Nuts glabrous.
Var. a, stellulatum (Waldst. ct Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 189. t.
173.) leaves broader, flat; the hairs less crowded than in /3.
Bieb. 1. c. i;. H. Native of Croatia, in the fissures of cal-
careous rocks ; and of Caucasus, in subalpine, grassy, dry
places (fig. 34.)
Var. j3, Tauricum (Pall. ind. taur. in nov. act. petrop. 1792.
p. S06. Bieb. fl. casp. p. 138. no. 11.) leaves narrower, with
1
revolute edges, canescent from hairs. 'J^L.H. Native of Tauria,
among calcareous rocks ; Island of Candia and the Pelopon-
nesus. Willd. nov. act. cur. berol. 2. p. 122. Sims, bot.
mag. 889. O. montanum. Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 121.
O. cinereum, Schreber, in nov. act. nat. cur. 3. p. 474. O. ori-
entalis, Habl. taur. p. 116. Symphytum orientale oleae folio
cinereo, Tourn. cor. p. 7. — Column, ecphr. 1. p. 182. t. 183.
O. echioides, var. a, Lin. spec. 196. O. echioides, var. y,
Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 131.
Starrij-hahed Onosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. a. 1819. ;3.
1801. PI. i foot.
5 O. gigante'um (Lam. ill. no. 1840. Pers, ench. 1. p.
162.) tubercularly hispid or strigose; stem branched at top;
leaves oblong-lanceolate : floral ones subcordate ; calyxes
clothed with white hairs ; flowers drooping. 1^. F. Native of
the Levant. Lehm. asper. p. 365. O. echioides. Pall. itin. 2.
p. 463 ?. O. echioides, /3, altissima, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 130. fl.
casp. p. 135. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 57. Stem erect,
tetragonal. Lower leaves a foot long, attenuated at the base.
Racemes terminal, solitary, or conjugate. Flowers distant, pe-
dicellate. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate. Corolla pale
yellow. Stamens inclosed. Style purple. Stigma somewhat
2-lobed. Nuts glabrous.
Giant Onosma. Fl. March, June. Clt. ? PI. 3 to 4 feet.
6 O. RiGiDUM (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 180. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
238.) tubercularly-hispid, or strigose ; stem much branched at
the base ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers erect. 2/ . F. Na-
tive of the south of Tauria, in dry, stony places, between Jur-
suph and Nikita. Root woody, brown. Stems many from the
same root, tufted, prostrate at the base. One of the hairs in
each fascicle is nmch longer and stiffer than the rest. Racemes
terminal, solitary, or twin. Flowers pedicellate, propped by
linear-lanceolate bracteas, which are as long as the calyxes.
Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, acute. Corolla pale yellow,
swollen towards the top ; teeth short, bluntish, reflexed. Sta-
mens a little exserted. Stigma 2-lobcd. Nuts glabrous. Nearly
allied to O. giganleum ; but diflTers in the smaller stature, in the
want of subcordate leaves, and in the flowers being erect.
Rigid-hah-ei Onosma. Fl. Aug. PI. g to 1 foot.
* * Hairs or bristles solitary, not stellate, as in the jneceding
division.
7 O. ECHIOIDES (Lin. spec. 1 96.) tubercularly hispid or stri-
gose ; hairs or strigse erect ; stem much branched ; leaves
spatulate-lanceolate : floral ones, or bracteas, ovate-cordate ;
nuts glabrous, shining. % . H. Native of the south of
Europe and Iberia, in gravelly, arid, stony places. All. pedem.
1. p. 51. ViU. dauph. 2. p.
453. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 326.
t. 67. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 161.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 1 72.
Jacq. austr. 3. t. 295. Bieb. fl.
cauc. 1. p. 131; Sut. fl. helv.
1. p. 107. Laper. abr. p. 89.
D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2721.
Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 127. O.
echioides, /3, Lin. spec. 197.
Cerinthe echioides. Scop. fl.
earn. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 129.
Lin. spec. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 137.
Hort. cliff, p. 48. no. 1. —
Plenck, icon. t. 81. — Gmel. sib.
4. p. 76. no. 18. t. 40.— Sabb.
hort. rom. 2. t. 32.— Mor. hist.
3. sect. 11. t. 27. f. 1. — Anchiisa
lutea, Dalech.hist. 1102. Sym-
FIG. 35.
BORAGINE/E. X. Onosma.
315
phytum echii folio ampliore, radice rubra, flore Iiiteo, Tourn.
inst. p. 138. Root brownisli-red, woody. Stems iiuiiierous,
diffuse. Radical leaves crowded, tapering into tlie petioles ; cau-
line ones sessile, broader. Racemes terminal, conjugate. Flow-
ers drooping, pedicellate. Calyx very hispid, with linear-lanceo-
late, equal segments. Corolla pale yellow, swollen above ; teeth
recurved, acute. Anthers a little exserted. Stigma obtuse,
emarginate. (fig. 35.)
Jar. li, arenarlum (Lehm. asper. p. 367.) flowers oblique ;
corolla cylindrically clavate ; lower leaves lanceolate, obtuse ;
fruit erect; stamens very smooth. %. H. Native of Hun-
garv, in sandy places. O. arenarium, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3.
p. 308. t. 279. Schultes, fl. austr. no. 764.
Far. y ; branches shorter ; leaves narrower. Bieb. I.e. %.
H. Native of Caucasus, in the Caspian desert ; and at the
lower Volga.
I'ar.c; plant dwarf, branched; hairs of the stem and leaves
whitish ; corollas pale. Bieb. 1. c. If.. H. Native of the
south of Tauria, on stony hills.
Bugloss-like Onosma. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1683. ft. 1804.
PI. 1 to U foot.
8 O. echinVtum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 161. t. 43.) tubercu-
larly hispid or strigose ; hairs or strigse spreading ; stem
branched at top ; leaves narrow-lanceolate : floral ones linear-
lanceolate ; nuts tubercularly wrinkled. $ . H. Native of
Barbary, in sandy deserts near Cafza. Lehm. asper. p. 368.
Plant hispid from numerous white, pungent hairs. Radical
leaves running into the petioles at the base : cauline ones ses-
sile. Racemes terminal. Flowers pedicellate. Calycine seg-
ments linear-lanceolate, bluntish. Corolla yellow, a little longer
than the calyx, tubularly campanulate ; teeth reflexed.
Echmalcd Onosma. PI. J to 1 foot.
9 O. SETOSUM (Led. fl. aft. 1. p. 181. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 196.)
tubercularly hispid ; bristles or strigae spreading ; stem branch-
ed at top ; leaves glabrous beneath, except the midrib : lower
ones dilated at top : floral ones, or bracteas, ovate ; nuts reticu-
lately wrinkled. %. H. Native in the plains about the Cas-
pian Sea ; and near Astrachan. Root simple, perpendicular,
covered with violaceous bark. Superior cauline leaves lanceo-
late. Racemes terminal, solitary, or conjugate. Flowers pedi-
cellate, drooping, at first approximate. Cal3'cine segments lan-
ceolate, acute. Corolla yellow, widened a little at apex ; teeth
short, reflexed. Anthers nearly inclosed.
Bristly Onosma. PI. 1 foot.
10 O. TiNCTOBiUM (Bieb. fl. casp. append, p. 136. fl. cauc. 1.
p. 132.) tubercularly-hispid, or strigose ; hairs or striga; spread-
ing ; stem much branched ; leaves lanceolate : superior ones
dilated at the base ; filaments very short. 1/ . H. Native of
Tauria, in pastures in the vicinity of the Bosphorus. Lehm.
asper. 370. Root simple, blackish, covered with copious red
pigment, which stains paper a violet-colour. Leaves with revo-
lute edges ; radical ones very long, narrow-lanceolate, obtuse,
narrowed towards the base : cauline ones sessile. Racemes ter-
minal, and from the axils of the upper leaves, pedunculate.
Flowers on short pedicels, propped by ovate bracteas. Calyx
very pilose, hoary at length, hispid : with linear-lanceolate seg-
ments. Corolla yellow ; teeth bluntish, erectly spreading.
Stigma capitate. Nuts glabrous, shining, marbled.
Var. a ; corollas at first white, then citron-coloured. Bieb.
he. l^.H.
Var. ft ; corollas at first white, then violaceous. %. H. Na-
tive of Caucasus, in plains at the river Terek ; and in fields at
the river Don.
Dyer's Onosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1826. PI. i to 1
foot.
110. rupe'stre (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 132.) tubercularly his-
pid, or strigose; hairs or strigae spreading; stems very simple,
livid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, blimtish, glabrous beneath, ex-
cept the midrib. If.. H. Native of Iberia, on rocks about
Tiflis. Lehm. asper. p. 370. O. tenuifolium, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 775. Stems aggregate, ascending. Leaves rather revolute
on the edges. Radical leaves 3-6 inches long, attenuated at the
base : cauline ones sessile : upper ones linear, dilated at the
base. Racemes terminal, conjugate, or ternate. Flowers pedi-
cellate, bracteate. Calycine segments linear. Corolla somewhat
ventricose ; teeth ovate, acutish, erectly spreading, at length re-
flexed. Stamens inclosed ; anthers longer than the filaments.
Nuts glabrous, shining, marbled.
/foe/.- Onosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819. PI. | to li
foot.
12 O. sAX.-i'iiLE (Pall. itin. 3. append, no. 72. t. F. f. 1.
Lehm. asper. p. 371.) tubercularly-hispid, or strigose ; bristles
or strigas spreading ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, obtuse ; racemes
very long ; tube of corolla filiform, very long ; limb wide. 1/.
H. Native of Siberia, in rocky, arid places. Anclmsa saxa-
tilis, Lam. ill. no. 1822. Root perpendicular, simple. Flowers
on short pedicels, propped by bracteas. Calycine segments
linear, connivent. Corolla salver-shaped, downy outside ; limb
small, funnel-shaped, 5-cleft : lobes roundisii. Nuts ovate,
gyrose.
Rock Onosma. PI. 1 foot ?.
13 O. divarica'tum (Lehm. asper. p. 372.) hispid or stri-
gose ; hairs or strigse spreading, pellucid ; stem branched ;
branches divaricate ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ;
racemes leafy. ©. H. Native in sandy places, towards the
Caspian Sea. O. orientalis, Pall. itin. 2. append, no. 100. in
a note. Root perpendicular. Leaves sessile, strigosely cili-
ated ; radical ones opposite. Flowers pedicellate, distant, brac-
teate. Calycine segments linear-subulate. Corolla having the
tube cylindrical, almost as long as the calyxes, thickened under
the limb, clothed with fine villi ; limb short, 5-cleft : lobes
obtuse. Stamens inclosed. Nuts ovate, subtrigonal, wrin-
kled.
Dwuricate Onosmdi. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1818. PI. I to
1 foot.
14 O. micr.\'ntiios (Pall. itin. 2. append, no. 100. t. L.) stem
branched, divaricate ; leaves all on long petioles, hoary and his-
pid beneath, naked above; racemes terminal, compound, bract-
less. ©. H. Native of Siberia, at the Irtysch ; also between
the Jaik and Volga, in sandy places. Lam. ill. no. 1840. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 775. Lehm. asper. p. 373. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p.
1 82. Root simple, perpendicular, yellow. Stems nearly gla-
brous. Leaves ovate-oblong. Panicles subdichotomous. Co-
rolla small, purplish, contracted and 5-toothed at tlie mouth.
Anthers inclosed. Nuts naked, oblong-linear, triquetrous, his-
pid. This species differs from all others in the leaves being on
long petioles ; in the racemes being terminal, compound, and
bractless.
Small-Jlowered Onosma. PI. |^ to 1 foot.
15 O. rostella'tum (Lehm. asper. p. 374.) hispid or stri-
gose ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, hispid from
pili or strigas ; flowers erect ; corollas cylindrical, deeply 5-
cleft : with subulate, conniving segments ; stamens exserted.
11. H. Native of the Levant, where it was gathered by Tour-
nefort. Stem erect, branched at top. Leaves sessile, strigosely
ciliated on the margins. Racemes terminal, 2-3-flowered, some-
what capitate. Flowers on short pedicels, bracteate. Calycine
segments linear-subulate. Corolla tubular, cylindrical, 5-cleft,
length of calyxes.
Beaked Onosma. PI. 5 foot ?.
s s 2
316
BORAGINE/E. X. Onosma.
16 O. Syriacum (Labill. pi. rar. syr. dec. 3. p. 8. t. 5. /3. f.
5.) pilose; leaves ovate-lanceolate, denticulated, pilose, or stri-
gose ; racemes many-flowered ; corollas cylindrical, 5-toothed :
teeth reflexed; anthers exserted. 2/. H. Native of Syria,
near Tripoli. Lehm. asper. p. 375. Leaves sessile, glandu-
larly denticulated, ciliated. Flowers longer than the pedicels.
Calycine segments linear, acute. Corolla blue, 5-cleft; seg-
ments acute. Nuts small, muricated, ex Labill.
Far. ft : leaves narrow-lanceolate.
Syrian Onosma. PI. 1 to 1| foot,
17 O. 0RiENTA~LE (Lin. spec. 196.) leaves lanceolate; supe-
rior ones ovate, hispid from pili or strigcC ; racemes few-flow-
ered ; corolla cylindrical, drooping, 5-toothed: teeth erect;
anthers inclosed. Tl-H. Native of the Levant. Lehm. asper.
p. 376. nov. act. soc. reg. hafn. 1. c. t. 2. Willd. spec. 1. p.
773. O. frutescens. Lam. ill. no. 1837. Cerinthe orientalis,
Lin. amoen. 4. p. 267. no. 16. Symphytum orientale quartum,
ecliii folio minore, Acre nunc albo, nunc flavescente, Tourn. cor.
p. 6. Stems many, rising from a short, woody stipe. Lower
leaves sessile : upper ones half stem-clasping. Racemes termi-
nal, twin, 2-3-flowered. Flowers on short pedicels, propped
by lanceolate bracteas. Calyx hispid ; .segments lanceolate,
acute, spreading. Corolla yellow, twice as long as the calyx ;
teeth lanceolate, acute, spreading. Style purplish ; stigma sub-
capitate.
Eastern Onosma. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. A foot.
18 O. siMPLici'ssiMUM (Lin. spec. 196. raant. 2S3.) stems
much branched at the base ; sterile branches prostrate : flori-
ferous ones erect ; leaves linear, acutish, strigose, silky, and
canescent beneath ; corolla clavate or ventricose : teeth reflexed.
■J/. H. Native of Siberia, Iberia, and the plains of the river
Don. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 133. fl. casp. append, p. 137.
Lehm. asper. 377. Curt. bot. mag. 2248. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p.
183. Pall. ind. fl. taur. in nov. act. petrop. 1792. p. 306. O.
Sibiricum, Lam. ill. no. 1836. O. simplex, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p.
325. Branches simple. Leaves crowded, sessile, half stem-
clasping. Racemes twin, terminal. Flowers on short pedicels,
propped each by an erect, cordate bractea. Corolla ventricose,
inflated above, pale yellow, contracted at the mouth. Stamens
inclosed. Stigma capitate, somewhat 2-lobed.
Very stm^j/e-stemmed Onosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1768.
PI. I to 1 foot.
19 O. Gmelini (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 184. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
280.) tubercularly hispid or strigose; hairs or strigae spread-
ing ; stems simple, ascending ; cauline leaves spatulate-lanceo-
late, rounded at apex : floral ones, or bracteas, ovate-lanceolate,
acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx ; anthers exserted.
%. H. Native of Siberia, frequent among rocks between Buta-
kowa and Tscheremschamka ; and from Buchtarminsk, even to
the lake called Noor Saisan. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 76. no. 18. t. 40.
Stems many, from the same root. Racemes terminal, twin,
rarely 8. Calycine segments linear -lanceolate, acute, very his-
pid. Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, a little contracted at top ;
teeth ovate, acute, reflexed. Nuts wrinkled.
Gmelin's Onosma. PI. J to 1| foot.
20 O. polyphy'llum (Ledeb. "fl. alt. 1. p. 182. fl. ross. alt.
ill. t. 24. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 550.) silky ; hairs prostrate or
adpressed ; stems tufted ; floriferous branches simple, erect ;
leaves crowded, oblong-linear, nerveless, with revolute mar-
gins ; flowers drooping ; corolla clavate, with a 5-toothed mouth.
%. H. Native of the South of Tauria, among calcareous rocks.
Leaves erect, 2-3 inches long, linear, or lanceolate-linear, acute,
attenuated towards the base, silky on both surfices : lower ones
crowded : superior ones more remote, broadest at the base.
Racemes terminal, conjugate, many-flowered. Flowers pedicel-
late, bracteate. Calyx about the length of the bracteas, with
linear segments. Corolla sulphur-coloured ; teeth ovate, acutish,
reflexed. Tips of anthers exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Nuts
ovate, beaked, glabrous, shining.
Many-leaved Onosma. PI. g to 1 foot.
21 0. trine'rvium (Lehm. asper. 378.) stem quite simple,
leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, very long, acute, 3-nerved, his-
pid above, and clothed with incumbent hairs beneath. 1/ . S.
Native of tropical America. Stem hispid from pili, divided into
racemes at top. Leaves sessile. Racemes terminal, bracteate ;
bracteas linear-lanceolate, longer than the calyxes. Calycine
segments linear-lanceolate. Corolla pilose outside, pale yellow,
with a 5-toothed mouth. Anthers pilose, inclosed. Style
])urplish ; stigma capitate. Nuts ovate, obtuse, glabrous,
shining.
Three-nerved-\e?ive& Onosma. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot.
22 O. SERicEUM (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 133.) stems branched ;
leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, canescent, clothed with
silky hairs: hairs prostrate or adpressed; corollas twice as long
as the calyx. 11 ■ H. Native of Iberia, on rocky mountains in
the vicinity of Tiflis. Willd. spec. 1. p. 774. Lehm. asper. p.
379. Stem woody at the base, clothed with white down. Leaves
silky : radical and lower cauline ones petiolate : superior ones
sessile, spatulately-lanceolate. Racemes terminal, and from the
axils of the superior leaves, clothed with silky villi, bracteate.
Flowers pedicellate. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute, of
which 2 are often combined, almost to the apex. Corolla twice
as long as the calyx, wide at top, villous outside ; teeth reflex-
ed. Anthers inclosed, connected at the base. Style purplish ;
stigma subcapitate. Nuts not seen.
,5";% Onosma. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. PI. i to 1
foot.
23 O. tricerospe'rmum (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 10.) stri-
gose ; flowers drooping, longer than the calyx ; nuts 3-horned.
Tf.. H. Native of Spain, very common a'uout Madrid, Pedro,
Munnoz, Tobosa, Alhacele, and elsewhere ; in New Castile ;
also in Murcio, by way sides, and in waste places, where it is
called Ojo dc Lobo. This species differs from all others in the
3-horned nuts.
Three-horned-i\-\.\]ieA Onosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824.
PI. 1 foot.
24 O. macroce'phala (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 99.) very
hispid from strigae ; leaves lanceolate, acute, soft beneath, 3-
nervcd : stem ascending, simple ; racemes aggregate, terminal ;
calycine segments linear-plumose, longer than the corolla ; geni-
tals inclosed. 1^ . F. Native of Sirinagur, where it is called
Lalgiri by the natives. O. bracteatum. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 13.
Leaves soft and silky beneath, but hispid above. Racemes
short, glomerate. Bracteas ovate, cuspidate, equal in length to
the calyxes. Corolla tubular, yellow, silky outside.
Large-headed Onosma. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
25 O. Emodi (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 11.) procumbent, strigose;
bristles or strigse spreading ; leaves lanceolate, triple-nerved,
less hairy beneath; racemes terminal, solitary; bracteas linear,
not half so long as the flowers ; calyx 5-cornered, with ovate
segments ; corolla ventricose, 5-keeled, contracted towards the
mouth ; anthers longer than the filaments, inclosed ; style ex-
serted : stigma annular. 'J/ . F. Native of Nipaul, in Gosaings-
than, where it is called by the natives Maharanga. Root
branched, covered with deep purple bark. Stem slender, divided
into simple branches at top. Leaves sessile, varying in size,
mostly lanceolate, 3-5 inches long. Racemes 2 inches long.
Corolla pale bluish, the base inverted over the ovarium ; seg-
ments ovate, acute. Filaments inserted in as many villous pro-
tuberances. Nuts dotted and tubercled, keeled on the inner
BORAGINEjE. X. Onosma. XI. Onosmodium. XII. Pulmonaria.
517
side, ending in a compressed, short beak. The root is used as a
material for dyeing bhie, and is imported from Gosainsthan ;
probably also from Thibet as a drug, under the native name
Maltaranga, meaning in Sanscrit a strong, intense colour.
Emodt Onosma. Fl. Aug. Dec. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2G O. VESTiTUM (.Wall. cat. no. 937.) stems simple, erect,
densely clothed with spreading, yellowish hair ; leaves lanceo-
late, acute, clothed with soft, silky pili : radical ones crowded ;
racemes terminal, and from the axils of the upper leaves, sub-
corymbose ; pedicels as long as the flowers, and are, as well as
the calyxes, densely clothed with pili ; corolla swollen, with a
contracted, 5-toothed mouth, twice as long as the calyx; anthers
inclosed. "H.. H. Native of Nipaul, in Gosainstlian. Stems
many, from the same root. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate.
Corolla apparently purple, with reflexed teeth.
Clutlied Onosma. PI. l4 foot.
27 O. Hi'sriDUM (Wall. cat. no. 938.) hispid from long strigose
pili ; leaves long-lanceolate, bluntish, sessile : upper ones elliptic
or ovate-lanceolate ; racemes terminal, and from the axils of
the upper leaves ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, tubular,
widened towards the top. 1^. H. Native of Kamaon. Stems
simple, many from the same root. Calyx, pedicels, and bracteas
very hispid. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate. Corolla yel-
low or purplish ?. Style exserted.
Hispid OnosiTia. PI. 1^ to 2 feet.
2.8 O. Bi'coLOR (Wall. cat. no. 939.) hispid from white, stri-
gose pili; stem branched at top; leaves elliptic-lanceolate,
tapering to both ends : radical ones subspatulate, 3-nerved ;
racemes terminal, solitary, or twin ; bracteas and calycine seg-
ments ovate-acuminated ; flowers nearly sessile ; corolla swollen,
contracted at the mouth, half as long as the calyx ? tuo-colour-
ed. ©• H- Native of the East Indies. Radical leaves rosu-
late.
Trvo-coloured-^owereA Onosma. PI. 1 foot.
Cull. All the species of this genus are extremely handsome
when in blossom. Most of them being natives of rocks or sandy
deserts, they answer well to be grown on rockwork, or on wall
tops, in which situations the seeds should be sown, where
the species will afterwards maintain themselves if allowed to
scatter their seeds. In common they are short-lived and apt to
rot. They do, however, very well in pots, among other alpine
plants ; and cuttings of thera may be rooted under a hand-glass.
XI. ONOSMO'DIUM (so called from its similarity to
Onosma) Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 132. Pursh. fl. ainer.
sept. 1. p. 132. Purshia, Lehm. asp. p. 4. and p. 382. Lithos-
permum species of authors.
Lin. 8YST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Caly-x 5-parted. Co-
rolla tubularly campanulate, with a naked throat ; limb ventri-
cose ; segments conniving. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagit-
tate, distinct. Style exserted. Nuts 4, 1 -celled, turgid, shin-
ing, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at the base.
— Hispid, herbaceous plants, with terminal, drooping racemes,
of white or cream-coloured flowers.
1 O. Hi'spiDUM (Mich\. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 133.) hispid;
leaves obovate- lanceolate, acute ; segments of corolla subulate,
acute. 1/. H. Native from New York to Carolina, on dry
limestone rocks. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 132. Liihospermum Virgi-
nicum, Lin. spec. p. 190. Willd. spec. 1. p. 752. Lam. ill. p.
397. no. 1783. Mill. diet. no. 2. lYirshia hispida, Lehm.
asper. p. 382. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 447. sect. 1 1 . t. 28. f. 3. Leaves
dotted from papillae. Racemes short, revolute. Flowers yel-
lowish-white, similar to those of Symphytum.
Hispid Onosmodium. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 1
foot.
2 O. MOLLE (Michx. 1. c. t. 15. Pursh, 1. c.) plant clothed
with white villi ; leaves oblong-ovate, somewhat triple-nerved ;
segments of corolla suboval, obtuse. 1/ . H. Native of the
western counties, from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. Lithosper-
mum CarolinianuvTi, Lam. ill. 1. p. 397. Purshia mollis, Lehm.
asp. 383. Lithospermum molle, Muhl. cat. pi. amer. p. 19.
Leaves approximate, acutish. Racemes short, terminal, nod-
ding. Calycine segments acute. Corollas white.
^o/i! Onosmodium. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot.
3 O. sca'brum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 57.) leaves
elliptic, somewhat triple-nerved, scabrous, obtuse ; hairs ad-
pressed, somewhat tubercular at the base ; segments of corolla
acuminately subulate, acute. I^.H. Native of Virginia?: and on
hills in the prairies of the Red River, and on the uplands of the
Arkansas, frequent. Flowers axillary at the tops of the stems,
on short pedicels. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, acute,
one-half shorter than the corolla. Corollas testaceous in the
dried state, smaller than those of 0. hispidum.
Scabrous Onosmodium. PI. 1 foot.
4 O. STRiGosuM ; stem nearly simple, erect ; loaves lanceo-
late, 3-nerved, hispid from striga ; corolla tubularly clavate,
clothed with strigose down : lobes acute. 1/ . F. Native of
Mexico, in meadows near Pascuaro. Onosma strigosum, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 93. Stem very hispid. Leaves acute,
2 inches long, and ^ an inch broad. Racemes terminal, twin,
leafy, nearly 2 inches long. Calyx hispid, with lanceolate, linear,
acuminated segments. Corolla white, a little longer than the
calyx. Very nearly allied to Onosmhdium mulle.
Strigose Onosmodium. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Onosma p. 310, for culture and propagation.
XII. PULMONA^RIA (so named from its being supposed
to be a good remedy in disorders of the lungs (pulmones) ; or,
according to some, from the spots on the leaves resembling those
on some diseased lungs.) Tourn. inst. t. 55. Lin. gen. no. 184.
Juss. gen. p. 130. Schreb. gen. no. 244. Lehm. asper. p. 3.
275 Cerinthoides, Bcerh.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, prisma-
tically pentagonal, but campanulate while in fruit. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a pervious pilose throat. Nuts 4, 1 -celled,
turbinate, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at the
base. — Herbaceous plants with spotted leaves, and terminal
corymbose racemes of flowers. Radical leaves petiolate; cauline
ones sessile.
1 P. OFFiciNA^Lis (Lin. spec. 194.) calyx length of the tube
of the corolla; leaves scabrous; radical ones ovate-cordate,
cauline ones ovate-oblong, sessile. 'l^.H. Native throughout
Europe and Caucasus, in shady woods. Found by Mr. Goodyer
in a wood by Holbury-House, in the New Forest, Hampshire ;
and in Flintshire, on the ruins of the monastery of ^laes Glas.
Smith eng. hot. t. 118. Oed. fl. dan. t. 482. Drev. et Hayne,
t. 14. Plenck. oft", t. 73. Woodv. med. bot. 2. t. 212. Svensk,
hot. 3. t. 135. Blackw. t. 370. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 26. Ludw.
ect. t. 45. P. altera, Matth. 1040. Cam. epit. t. 784. P. ma-
culosa. Lob. obs. 317 icon. 580. P. latifolia maculata. Park,
par. 251.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 8. P. Italorum ad
Buglossum accedens, Tourn. inst. p. 130. Root thick, black.
Leaves spoiled with white, scabrous from strigae. Flowers ter-
minal. Calyx hairy, brownish-green, with lanceolate acute seg-
ments. Corollas red before expansion, then violaceous. The
leaves, which are the part recommended in medicine, have no
peculiar smell ; but in their recent state manifest a slightly
astringent and mucilaginous taste ; hence they are supposed to
be deinulcent and pectoral, and have been used in heinoptoes,
tickling coughs, and catarrhal defliixions upon the lungs. The
name of Pulmonaria seems, however, to have arisen rather from
318
BORAGINEjE. XII. PuLMONARiA. XIII. Mertensia.
the speckled leaves of some species, than from any intrinsic
quality which experience has discovered to be useful in pulmon-
ary complaints. Most plants of the order are more mucilaginous
than this, which, according to Linnseus, when burnt, affords fre-
quently one-seventh of its weight in ashes.
Var. Id, albijlora ; flowers white. 1/ . H. Native of Europe.
P. vulgaris latifolia flore albo, Bauh. pin. 259. Tourn. inst.
p. 136.
Var. y, immaculala ; leaves without spots, green. %. H.
P. non maculosofolio, Clus. hist. 2. 169. 2. Bauh. pin. 260.
Knor del. rom. 2. t. p. 2. Knip. cent. 1. no. 72.
Officinal Lungwort. Fl. May. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
2 P. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 194. fl. suec. no. lei.) calyxes
length of the tube of the corolla ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, or
lanceolate, clothed with soft down-like hairs, cauline ones half
stem-clasping, "il- H. Native of Portugal, Hungary, Swit-
zerland, Denmark, Sweden, and Siberia, but more rare than
P. officinalis ; in England, in the same places as mentioned for
P. officinalis. Oed. fl. dan. t. 483. Smith eng. bot. t. 1G28.
St. Hil. livr. 40. t. 7. Lehm. asper. p. 275. — Bocc. mus. 110.
t. S6.— Park. par. 248. 3. t. 251. f. 2.— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 73. no.
6.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 15.— Clus. hist. 2. p. 169.
icon. Stem hairy. Racemes twin, capitate. Calyx inflated,
while bearing the fruit with lanceolate-acute segments. This
is very nearly allied to P. officinalis, and is only distinguished by
the narrower sjiotless leaves. Corolla violaceous before expan-
sion, and blueish-purple afterwards. There is also a variety
with white flowers.
Var. y, oblongata (Lehm. asper. 275.) leaves a little siiorter,
broader, and blunter. If.. H. Native of Europe. P. oblongata.
Schreb. in lift. P. angustifolia, Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 124,
Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2nd. no 757. Lap. fl. pyr. p. 88. Gmel.
fl. bad. 1. p. 424. Willd. enum. p. 105. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 451.
All. ped. no. 175. D. C. syn. fl. gall. no. 2720. Sut. fl. helv.
1. p. 105. Roth. tent. fl. germ. 2. p. 212. Poll. pal. 1. p.
186.— Hall, helv. no. 596.
Narrow-leaved Lungwort. Fl. Apr. May. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
3 P. MOLLIS (Wulf. ex Horn. hafn. 1. p. 719. D. C. fl. fr.
suppl p. 420.) calyxes rather longer than the tube of the corolla ;
leaves ovate-oblong, half stem-clasping, clothed with downy
tomentum : radical ones oblong-lanceolate. If. H. Native
of Germany, Transylvania, Siberia, and the Pyrenees, in shady
places. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 621. exclusive of P. angustifolia.
Pall. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 125. Sims. bot. mag. 2422. Lehm.
asper. p. 176. D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 420. Rchb. icon. cent. 6.
p. 4. t. 503. f. 696. P. angustifolia, Besser, galic. 1. p. 150.
exclusive of the synonymes. P. oflRcinalis, Patrin mss. P. offi-
cinalis, y, Lin. P. II. non maculoso folio Clus. hist. 2. p. 169.
Knor. del. 2. t. p. 2. An intermediate plant between P. offici-
nalis and P. angustifolia, covered all over with soft hairs.
Peduncles shorter than the floral leaves. The recesses
between the lobes of the corolla are wider than in P. officinalis.
Colour of flower the same as in the two preceding.
Soft Lungwort. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1805. PI. f foot.
4 P. GRANDiFLORA (D. C. Cat. hort. monsp. 1813, p. 135.
icon. ined. t. 64.) calyxes length of the tube of the corolla ;
stamens inclosed wiihin the tube ; leaves spotted with white,
downy, lower ones oblong-spatulate, superior ones ovate-cordate.
%.\i. Native country unknown ; but probably of some part
of Europe. P. macul^ta. Diet. gart. lex. 7. p. 657. P. ano-us-
tifolia, hort. belg. P. angustifolia, Poir. diet. 5. p. 735.? — Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 9. ? Flowers reddish before expansion,
afterwards bluish-purple.
Great-flowered Lung-wort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819.
PI. 1 foot.
5 P. pube'scens (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
744.) calyxes length of the tube of the corolla ; leaves mucronate,
veiny-nerved, glabrous above, clothed with downy tomentum
beneath ; radical ones ovate-petiolate : cauline ones ovate-sessile,
or cordate, half stem-clasping. If. H. Native of Curil Islands,
where it was collected by Steller and Pallas. Peduncles naked,
terminal, bearing a fascicle of flowers at the apex. Calyx hairy,
with lanceolate segments.
Z)on»2/ Lung-wort. Fl. Apr. June. Clt. 1821. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
6 P. azu'rea (Besser, fl. galic, 1. p. 250. Lehm. asp. 274.)
calyx hardly so long as the tube of the corolla ; leaves hispid
from pili : radical ones oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering
into the petioles : cauline ones narrow-lanceolate, sessile ; limb
of corolla campanulate. 1/ . H. Native of Galicia, Austria,
and Hungary. P. angustata, Schrad. Bessera azurea, Schultes,
obs. bot. p. 27. oestr. fl. 2. ed. 1st, p. 735. — Mor. hist. 3.
sect. 11. t. 29. f. 0.1 Pulm. ni. Austriaca, Clus. clxix.
P. Clusii, Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 123. Calyx campanulate;
segments unequal, acute, keeled at the base ; hence it is prism-
atically pentagonal. Corolla tubularly campanulate ; tube red,
cylindrical, somewhat tetragonal at the base, attenuated in the
middle; segments of the limb roundish, spreading, blue. Flow-
ers disposed in a corymbose terminal raceme ; floriferous pedun-
cles pendulous. Bracteas similar to the cauline leaves.
Azure-blue 'Lung-viort. Fl. Apr. Ju. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot.
7 P. tuberosa (Schrauk, cat. hort. mon. 1814.) perhaps
only a slight variety of P. officinalis. If. H. Native country
unknown.
Tuberous-roQleA Liuig-wort. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824.
PI. I foot.
Cult. All the species of Pulmonaria are very pretty plants
when in blossom ; and being early flowerers they are rather
desirable for borders. They are of the most easy cidture, and
will grow in any common garden soil, and are readily increased
by division. Most of the species grow well under the drip of
trees, and all do best in shady situations.
XIII. MERTE'NSIA (named after Prof. Mortens, of Bre-
men, author of a work on marine Algae.) Roth. cat. 1. p. 34.
Pers. ench. l.p. 161. — Pulmonaria species of Lin. and others. —
Lithospermum species of Lehm.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted.
Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat pervious, naked, or furnished
with small, fleshy processes. Anthers oblong, inclosed. Nuts
4, 1 -celled, ovate, smooth or wrinkled, imperforated at the
base, fixed to the bottom of the calyx. — Elegant, trailing
or erect, smooth glaucous plants. Racemes panicled or sub-
corymbose. Flowers blue, drooping. Radical leaves increasing
after florescence, petiolate ; cauline ones sessile.
1 M. panicula'ta ; stem erect; leaves nerved, scabrous,
acuminated : lower ones ovate-cordate : superior ones ovate-
oblong ; flowers panicled; calyx hispid from pili. %. H.
Native of Hudson's Bay. Pulmonaria paniculata. Ait. hort.
kew, 4.p. 181. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 131. Lithospermum
paniculatum, Lehm. asp. p. 289. Peduncles glabrous, terminal,
and axillary ; at first sub-umbellate, then racemose. Lower
leaves large. Corollas blue. Nuts ovate, trigonal, wrinkled,
white, longer than the calyx. There is also a variety of this
with white flowers.
Pa;»'c/e</-flowered Mertensia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1778.
PI. U foot.
2 M. Dahu'rica; stem erect ; leaves obsoletely nerved, rather
scabrous ; radical ones ovate, obtuse : cauline ones lanceolate,
acuminated; calyxes blunt, rather villous. If. H. Native of
Dahuria. Pulmonaria Dahurica, Fisch. hort. gorenski. Sims,
bot. mag. 1743. P. amce'na, Stev. in litt. Lithospermum Da-
hiiricum, Lehm. asper. p. 296. P. gracilis, Willd. herb, ex
BORAGINE.E. XIII. Mertensia.
319
Roem. and Sbultes syst. 4. p. 74-7. Radical leaves sub-cordate,
cauline ones half stem-clasping. Flowers in terminal, solitary,
or conjugate racemes, blue or lilac. Peduncles from the axils
of the upper leaves downy, pilose.
Dahunan Mertensia. Fl. May. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 to ]1 feet.
3 M. puiMONARioiDES (Roth. catal. 1. p. a4.) stems erect ;
leaves nerved, quite glabrous : radical ones obovate-elliptic :
cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, bluntish ; racemes subcorymbose,
many-flouered ; calyxes glabrous. 1/ , H. Native from Penn-
sylvania to Carolina, on the gravelly shores of rivers. Pulmo-
naria Virginica, Lin. spec. p. 194. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
131. Pursh, fl. 1. p. UO. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 179. Curt,
bet. mag. 160. Mill. icon. 2. t. 212. Trevv. pi. sel. t. 42.
Lithospermum pulchrum, Lehm. asper. p. 290. — Plukn. aim.
t. 227. f. 6. Stem glabrous. Leaves glaucous-green, bluntish.
Peduncles terminal, and from the axils of the upper leaves.
Calyx small, of a greenish purple colour, as well as the peduncles
and pedicels : with lanceolate, blunt, spreading segments. Corollas
beautiful blue ; tube villous inside at the base. There is also
a white-flowered variety of this.
Limgwort-Uke Mertensia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1C99.
PI. 1 to U foot.
4 M. m.^rgina'ta ; small, glabrous, erect; leaves hispid on
the margins : those on the lower part of the stem oblong-spatu-
late, or oblong-ovate ; upper ones ovate, acute, half stem-clasp-
ing, all glabrous, glaucous, and rather fleshy ; fascicles or racemes
pedicellate, a little longer than the leaves, 4-5-8 or more flow-
ered ; calyx 5-parted, smooth, acute, having the segments rather
hispid on the margins, about half the length of the tube of the
corolla. % . H. Native of Louisiana ; and on arid hills near
the confluence of the Teeton river, Missouri. Pulmonaiia lan-
ceolata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 729. Pulm. marginata,
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 115. Lithospermum marginatum, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 541. Stem a little branched. Radical leaves petio-
late ; lower stem leaves sessile. Flowers subpanicled ; fascicles
axillary and terminal. Corolla funnel-shaped, blue, much like
those of M. Virginica. Leaves perfectly glabrous, except on
the margins.
Marginate-leaxed Mertensia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1813.
PI. 1 foot.
5 M. Drummondii; stems glabrous, ascending; radical leaves
ovate-lanceolate : cauline ones sessile, oblong-lanceolate, callous,
subdenticulated, glaucous ; panicles terminal, crowded ; calyx
glabrous, with lanceolate, acutish, somewhat denticulated seg-
ments. % . H. Native of North-west America. Lithosper-
mum Drummondii, Lehm. pug. 1. p. 26. Stems numerous, from
the same root, ^ a foot high. Peduncles much shorter than the
leaves. Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, almost half an
inch long, blue ; segments rounded.
DrummoiuV s Mertensia. PI. -j foot.
6 M. coRYMBOSA ; Stem erect, pilose ; leaves ovate, acute,
smoothish, pilose beneath and on the margins ; flowers race-
mosely corymbose ; calycine segments lanceolate-linear, elon-
gated, acute, i;. H. Native of North-west America. Lithos-
permum corymbosum, Lehm. pug. 2. p. 27. Stems many from
the same root, fistular. Calyx hairy. Corolla funnel-shaped,
blue, -} an inch long ; tube pilose inside ; segments roundish.
C'or;/Hj6ose-flowered Mertensia. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
7 Si. SiBiRicA ; plant glaucescent ; stems erect; leaves
rather fleshy, glabrous : radical ones cordate, roundish-obtuse,
or broad-elliptic: cauline ones ovate, acute ; caly.xes glabrous ;
pedicels longer than the flowers. 7^. H. Native of Siberia,
in woods at the river Lena ; and of Kamtschatka. Pulmonaria
Sibirica, Lin. spec. p. 194. Willd. spec. 1. p. 770. Lithos-
permum Sibiricum, Lehm. asper. p. 293. Led. fl. alt. 1. p.
177. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 207.— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 75. no. 15. t. 39.
bad. Root blackish. Stems simple, glabrous. Leaves glaucous
green, like the rest of the plant : superior cauline ones ses-
sile ; all nerved : uppermost onus almost opposite. Flowers
terminal, pedicellate, disposed in elongated, conjugate racemes,
with a flower in the fork. Calyx small, with linear, lanceolate,
acute, ratiier unequal segments. Corolla purplish blue ; tube
3-4 times longer than the calyx, and a little longer than the
limb. Style a little exserted.
Siberian Mertensia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1801. PI. \ to
1| foot.
8 M. Palla'sii ; quite glabrous, pale green ; stem erect,
weak ; leaves membranous : radical ones subcordate-ovate,
bluntish : superior cauline ones ovate, acute ; pedicels shorter
than the flowers ; tube of corolla one and a half longer than the
limb, and 3 times longer than the calyx ; style shorter than the
corolla, y.. H. Native of the Altaian mountains. Pulmo-
naria bracteata, Willd. herb, ex Schultes, syst. 4. p. 747. Li-
thospermum Pallasii, Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 176. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
23. Stems simple, striately angular. Racemes usually twin,
with a flower in the fork. Corolla funnel-shaped, fine blue,
showy. Habit more slender than in ]\1. Sibirica. Leaves pale
green, not glaucous, membranous, not rather fleshy, broader and
more numerous. Flowers larger. Calycine segments narrower.
Corollas azure blue, not purplish blue ; filaments longer and
less dilated at apex ; and the style longer than the corolla, not
shorter.
Pallas's Mertensia. Fl. June. PI. 1 to l^ foot.
9 M. denticula'ta ; stems erect; leaves nerved, almost gla-
brous, acute, with denticulately scabrous edges ; radical leaves
ovate : cauline ones oblong ; calycine segments oblong, with
denticulated margins. 1/ . H. Native of North America ; also
of Siberia. Pulmonaria Sibirica, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p.
729. exclusive of the synonymes. Lithospermum denticulatum,
Lehm. asper. p. 294. Stems many from the same root, gla-
brous. Leaves pale green, beset with callous dots above. Pe-
tioles stem-clasping at the base ; cauline leaves half stem-clasp-
ing. Pedimcles terminal, corymbose, many-flowered, elongating
after florescence. Calyx short. Corolla blue, like those oi M.
Sibirica.
Denticulated Mertensia. Fl. May, June. Clt. ISOO. PI. i
to 1 foot.
10 M. siMPLicissiMA ; stem erect, quite simple; leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, rather undulated, glabrous ; calycine seg-
ments rough, rugose, undulated. %. H. Native of Eastern
Siberia. Pulmonaria simplicissima, Ledeb. obs. hot. in act.
nov. acad. sc. petro. 5. p. 518. no. 5. Lithospermum simpli-
cissimum, Lehm. asper. p. 295. Stem glabrous. Leaves ap-
proximating by pairs, or tern. Peduncles terminal, and from
the axils of the upper le.ives, solitary, at length elongated ; the
lower ones sometimes 2-flowered, with one of the flowers ses-
sile, and the other pedicellate. Calycine segments lanceolate-
linear, acuminated. Corolla blue ? twice as long as the calyx,
smaller than any other species of the genus ; tube a little nar-
rower than the limb, ex Ledeb. 1. c.
Fery simple-stemmed Mertensia. PI. 5 to 1^ foot.
11 M. viLLosuLA ; stem erect; leaves cordate-ovate, acumi-
nated, nerved, almost glabrous above, but silky beneath from
incumbent pili, and villous on the margins ; calyxes villous. IJ. ■
H. Native of the Carpathian mountains. Lithospermum vil-
losulum, Lehm. asper. p. 288. Stems smoothish. Lower leaves
on long petioles, 7-nerved ; upper ones sessile, ovate, and more
acuminated, 5-nerved. Racemes terminal, bifid. Pedicels nu-
tant, and are, as well as the peduncles, villous. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated with longer villi on the
margins. Tube of corolla a little longer than the calyx, con-
stricted under the limb.
320
BORAGINE^. XIII. Mertensia. XIV. Ceeinthe.
Villous Mertensia. PI. -^ to 1 foot.
12 M. piLosA ; stems erect, more or less rough from strigse,
like the upper surfaces of the leaves, hut the under surfaces of
the leaves, and margins, and bases of the stems are beset with
longer, softer, strigose pili ; radical leaves on long petioles, sub-
cordate-ovate, acute, membranous : c;iuline leaves sessile, nar-
rower ; racemes cymose, paniclcd, terminal, twin. %. H.
Native of America, in Eschscholz Bay, beyond Beering's
Straits. Stems simple or branched, many from the same root.
Radical leaves 3^ inches long, and 2 broad. Pedicels drooping.
Calycine segments narrow-lanceolate, acuminated. Corolla 1 to
1|^ inch long, pale blue, glabrous outside, but pilose inside ;
tube slender ; limb campanulate ; throat furnished with minute,
arched, glandular, fleshy processes. Nuts granular, wrinkled.
Small fleshy processes of the throat have been observed in this,
M. denticulata, M. maritima, and M. Dahurica.
Pilose Mertensia. PI. li to 2 feet.
1.3 M. PARViFLORA ; plant quite glabrous, glaucous; stems
procumbent, much branched ; leaves oval-spatulate, abruptly
acuminated, fleshy ; peduncles lateral, 1 -flowered ; corolla
hardly twice as long as the calyx. % . H. Native of New
England and Canada, on the sea shore. Pulmon^ria parviflora,
Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 133. Pnrsh, fl. 1. p. 131. Pulmo-
naria maritima of all American authors. Flowers small, blue.
Small-Jiomered Mertensia. Fl. July. Clt. 1827. PI. pro-
cumbent.
14 M. MARITIMA (Link, handb. erk. der. gew. 1. p. 58.)
plant glabrous, glaucous ; stems procumbent, branched ; leaves
ovate, bluntish, fleshy ; calyx glabrous. Tf.H. Native of the
north of Europe, on the sea shore ; as of Britain, Norway
Iceland, Greenland, Lapland, &c. Pulmonaria maritima, Lin.
spec. 195. Willd. spec. 1. p. 770. Smith, engl. bot. 308. Curt,
fl. lond. fasc. 6. t. 18. Oed. fl. dan. t. 25. Light, fl. scot. 134.
t. 7. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 57.— Dill. hort. elth. 75. t. 65. f. 75.—
Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 28. f. 12.— Plukn. phyt. t. 172. f. 3.
— Pet. brit. t. 29. f. 3. Root fusiform, woody, with capillary
fibres. Leaves ovate or oblong, acutish ; upper ones half stem-
clasping. Flowers erect, disposed in terminal, corymbose ra-
cemes. Calycine segments oval, acutish. Corolla blue, twice
or thrice as long as the calyx ; limb subcampanulate. This
plant is a great ornament to the sandy sea coasts in Scotland
and the north of England. The plant is by some called the
Oyster plant, from the similarity of its taste to that of oysters.
Sea Mertensia. Fl. July. Britain. PI. procumbent.
Cult. All the species of Mertensia are elegant, hardy border
plants, much admired by gardeners for their brilliant blue
flowers, which are of a reddish hue before expansion. The
first twelve species do best in a peat border, but they will also
grow in common garden soil ; these are best fitted for the front
of flower borders. The last two species, being natives of the
sea coast, require, when cultivated, to be grown in pots, in a
mixture of sand and peat, or sand altogether, and placed among
other alpine plants ; but to keep them in vigour, even in this
situation, they require to be refreshed occasionally with salted
water.
XIV. CERI'NTHE (from K»;poc, heros, wax ; and avQoQ,
anthos, a flower ; bees are supposed to obtain wax largely from
this flower.) Tourn. inst. t. 50. Lin. gen. no. 189. Schreb.
gen. no. 246. Juss. gen. p. 130. ed Usteri. p. 11-5. Lam. ill.
no. 262. t. 93. Gsertn. fruct. 1. no. 413. t. 67. f. 1. Schkuhr,
handb. t. 30. Lelnn. asper. p. 386.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 unequal
sepals. Corolla tubular, with a naked throat. Anthers hastate,
spirally twisted at the base of the lobes, where they are connected.
Nuts 2, 2-celled, imperforated at the base, fixed to the bottom
of the calyx. — Glabrous glaucous plants, with terminal, leafy
racemes of tubularly campanulate, drooping, variegated flowers.
§ 1. Corolla 5 -toothed : teeth rejlexed, or spreading.
1 C. ma'jor (Lin. spec. 195.) stem branched ; leaves cordate-
ovate, denticulately ciliated ; corollas ventricose at top, 5-tooth-
ed : teeth very short, acuminated, reflexed. ©. H. Native of
the south of Europe, Barbary, and Siberia. Scop. fl. earn. ed.
2d. 1. p. 128. All. ped. 1. no. 176. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 160.
Suter, fl. helv. 1. p. 106. Horn. bafn. 1. p. 180. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 333. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 12. icon. C. glabra,
Mill. fig. t. 91. D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2702. C. glauca,
Mcench. meth. p. 520. — Hall. helv. no. 602. — Lob. icon 397.
f. 2.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 1.— Ger. emac. 538. f.
1 — 2.- — Park. par. 521. f. 1. Stem glabrous. Lower leaves
tongue-shaped, emarginate, attenuated at the base ; superior
ones blunt ; the floral ones sometimes purplish-green, all fleshy,
glaucous, and stem-clasping, glabrous above, densely beset with
white dots, rough beneath. Pedicels shorter than the floral
leaves. Corolla yellow at bottom and purple at top. This is
one of the most common herbs all over Italy : hence Virgil's
expression of " Cerinthce ignobile gramen." There is abundance
of honey juice in the tube of the corolla, for which reason it is
much resorted to by bees ; the plant is therefore peculiarly
proper to be planted near Apiaries.
Greater Honey wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 1
foot.
2 C. a'spera (Roth, catal. 1. p. 33.) stem branched; leaves
oblong, denticulately ciliated, rough beneath ; corolla cylin-
drical, 5-toothed : teeth short, acuminated, reflexed. ©.
H. Native of Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Transylvania,
and the Islands of the Archipelago. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 170.
Lapey. abr. p. 88. Baunig. fl. trans. 1. p. 127. St. Hil. pi.
fr. 3. t. 235. Hoff'm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p. 196. D. C. syn.
fl. fr. no. 2701. Lehm. asper. p. 388. C. major, ji, Lin. spec,
p. 196. Tratt. arch. p. 85. t. 63. C. major. Mill. diet. no. 1.
— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 2.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 602.
icone. C. major, var. a, Lam. diet. no. 1. Stem glabrous,
sometimes spotted. Lower leaves tongue-shaped, all obtuse
and glaucous beneath, and stem-clasping and rough from white
warts above ; floral ones cordate-ovate. Pedicels much shorter
than the bracteas, which are sometimes coloured beneath. Co-
rolla twice as long as the calyx, yellow, with a brownish purple
tube.
Rough Honeywort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 633. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
3 C. RETORTA (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 121. fl. graec. t.
171.) stem erect, branched at top; corollas retorted, clavately
cylindrical, with a constricted 5-toothed mouth ; teeth spread-
ing, acute. 0. H. Native of the Peloponnesus ; and of Caria,
in cultivated parts of mountains. Leaves stem-clasping, somewhat
spatulate, emarginate at top, with a short mucrone, beset with
white warts on both surfaces, all quite entire and glaucous ; floral
ones more oblong, purple beneath while young. Margins of the
sepals denticulately ciliated, as in the two preceding. Corolla
not above half the size of those of the preceding, with a yellow
tube and a violaceous limb.
Betorted-dowered Honeywort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825.
PI. lA foot.
4 C. puufu'rea (Vis. in bot. zeit. 1829. p. 8.) stem erect,
branched at top ; leaves stem-clasping, obtuse, glaucous, thick-
ish, smooth, entire, spotted with white : lower leaves spatulate,
attenuated at the base : superior ones cordate ; corollas coni-
cally clavate, ventricose under the throat ; limb constricted :
teeth bluntly triangular, reflexed, very short. 0. II. Native
of Dalmatia, in the woods of Boraca. Nearly allied to C. re-
BORAGINEyE. XIV. Cerintiie. XV. LITHOs^ERMu^
321
torla. Smith. Tlie floral part of the plant is purple, fading to
purpiisli or blue.
Pfo/j/c-topped Honeywort. PI. 1 foot.
5 C. alpi'na (Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 353.
no. 751.) stem erect, hairy?; leaves ovate- lanceolate, quite
entire ; corollas 5-toothed : teeth blnntish, erectly spreading.
0. H. Native of Hungary, on the higher alps ; and of the
Carpathian mountains. — INlor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 129. f. 7.?
Tiiis species diflers from C. minor, in the leaves being much
narrower and longer ; in the calycine segments being linear-
lanceolate ; and in the bracteas and floral leaves being much
longer and closely imbricated. Corolla yellow at bottom and
violaceous at top.
Alpine Honeywort. PI. 1 foot.
§ 2. Corolla 5-cleft, with conniving segments.
6 C. Mi^NOR (Lin. spec. 196.) stem solitary, branched; leaves
cordate-ovate, quite entire, glabrous ; corollas 5-cleft, with con-
niving segments. $ . H. Native of Middle and South Europe,
and Barbury, in fields. Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2d. 1. p. 128. All.
pedem. no. 177. Vill. dau])h. 2. p. 418. Roth. fl. germ. 2. p.
210. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 160. Jacq. fl. austr. 2. t. 124.. Smith,
prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 120. Lapeyr. abr. p. 88. Baumg. fl. trans.
1. p. 428. C. acuta, Moench. meth. p. 520. — Mor. hist. 3.
sect. 11. t. 29. f. 5. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 162. icone. Root
branched. Stem glabrous. Radical leaves obovate, tapering
into the petioles : cauline ones all stem-clasping : lower ones of
tliese spatulate, all glabrous and pale green, but densely beset
with minute white warts above. Bracteas distinct, acutish, much
longer than the pedicels, denticulately ciliated on the margins,
like the sepals. Corolla ventricose, 5-cleft almost to the middle,
yellow ; segments lanceolate-linear.
Smaller Honeywort. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1570. PI. I to
1 k foot.
7 C. macula'ta (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 137. All. ped. 1. p.
178. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 131.) stems many from the same
root; leaves cordate-ovate, quite entire, glabrous; corollas 5-
cleft, 5-spotted, with connivent segments. 1^. H. Native of
Piedmont, Hungary, Tauria, and Caucasus. Lehm. asper. p.
393. C. minor, /J, maculata, Lin. spec. ed. 2d. p. 196. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 772. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 180. C. quinquema-
culata, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 50. no. 171. Root branched. Stems
many, branched, purplish at bottom. Radical leaves oblong :
cauline ones stem-clasping, emarginate, all obtuse, and glaucous.
Bracteas or floral leaves acutish, finely and denticulately ciliated,
like the sepals. Pedicels one-half shorter than the bracteas,
pilosely hispid. Calyx and corolla like that of C. minor ; but
differs in the corolla being marked by 5 dark purple spots on
the tube, and sometimes these spots are so close as to form a
purple circle.
Spotted-dowered Honeywort. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1804.
PI. 1 to U foot.
Cult. The seeds of all the species only require to be sown
in the open ground. The C. maculata is perennial, and re-
quires to be planted in a sheltered dry situation, or the roots,
which are fleshy, will be apt to rot.
Tribe HL
LITHOSPE'RME/E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Lithospermum, in the characters indicated below.)
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, oct. 1832. Corolla open,
tubular, with broad, mostly rounded segments. Stamens in-
closed or exserted. Nuts 4, distinct, fixed to the bottom of
the calyx, imperforated at the base, except in Stribila.
XV. LITHOSPE'RMUM (from Xifloj, tithos, a sione ; and
airipixa, s])erma, a seed ; in reference to the hard seeds or
VOL. IV.
nuts.) Tourn. inst. t. 55. Lin. gen. no. 181. Schreb. gen.
no. 241. Lam. ill. no. 255. t. 91. Gaertn. fruct. 1. no. 420.
t. 07. f. 8. Schkulir, handb. t. 29. Trev. entw. des embryo,
t. 4. f. 61—07. Lehm. asper. p. 282. sect. 2. and 3. Buglos-
sokles, Moench. meth. p. 418.— Arnebia, Forsk. fl. asgypt.
p. 62.
LiN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-partetl. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a naked pervious throat. Anthers
oblong, inclosed. Nuts 4, 1 -celled, fixed to the bottom of the
calyx, imperforated at the base. — Rough plants, with usually
narrow leaves, and terminal white or blue flowers. Radical
leaves not increasing after the plants have done flowering.
Sect. L Leioc.\'ryon (from Xtioc, leios, smooth ; and Kapvov,
haryon, a nut ; the nuts or carpels are smooth and even.) Nuts
hard, stony, glabrous, shining, in most of the species hispid, and
beset with impressed dots.
§ 1 . Corolla blue, or purplish blue.
1 L. GRAMINIFOLIUM (Viv. fragni. fl. ital. fasc. 1. p. 3. t. 5.
ann. bot. 1. p. 163.) stems herbaceous, erect; leaves long-
linear, scabrous above, but hoary and silky beneath, with revo-
lute edges; flowers terminal, somewhat corymbose. %. H.
Native of Italy, on the alps at Etruria, and Carrara, at the foot
of the mountains. Lehm. asper. p 297. Pidmouciria suffVuti-
cosa, Lin. spec. 1. p. 1667. Willd. spec. 1. p. 769. Lois,
not. p. 37. journ. bot. 2. p. 261. Lithospermum angustifb-
lium umbellatimi, C. Bauh. pin. p. 238. 517. Plukn. phyt. t.
42. f. 7.— Bocc. sic. p. 77. t. 41. f. 2. B. C— Mor. hist. 3.
sect. 11. t. 31. f. 6. bad. Plant forming a dense tuft. Stems
nimierous, simple, pubescently tomenlose. Leaves sessile, ap-
proximate, green above : lower ones drooping : superior ones
erectly spreading, all acuminated, 3-6 inches long. Flowers
sessile, secund, forming 3-4 short spikes, which constitute a ter-
minal corymb. Calyx hispid ; segments rather unequal, acute.
Corolla blue, tubular. Stigma subcapiiate. Nuts ovate, shining.
Bracteas linear, longer than the calyx.
Grassy-leaved Gromwell. Fl. May, June Clt. 1825. PI.
5 to f foot.
2 L. purpu'reo-cceru'leum (Lin. spec. p. 190.) stems herba-
ceous : sterile ones creeping : floriferous ones erect ; leaves lan-
ceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, scabrous ; flowers a.xillary
and at the sides of the leaves, disposed in terminal, short, twin
racemes, which are elongated at length. % . H. Native of Middle
and South Europe ; and of Caucasus, in woody mountain places ;
in England, as in Somersetshire, near Taunton ; near Denbigh,
in Wales ; in chalky soil in several parts of Kent, in hedges.
Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2. 1. p. 122. All. pedem. 1. no. 186.
Vdl. dauph. 2. p. 451. Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p. 11. t. 14. Roth,
tent. fl. germ. 2. p. 214. Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 103. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 117. Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 415. Smith, prod. fl. graec.
1. p. 114. L. violaceum. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 271. — Hall. helv.
no. 596.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 31. f. 2. — Sabb. hort. rom.
2. t. 28.— Lob. icon. 458. f. 1.— Bocc. sic. 75. t. 40. and 41. —
Plukn. phyt. t. 76. f. 2. Root blackish. Stems pilose, sca-
brous. Leaves on sliort petioles, or sessile, dark green, with
revolute margins, 1| inch long. Calyx hairy, scabrous, with
linear segments. Corolla showy, at first red, afterwards pur])le.
Nuts hispid, smooth, shiny, whitish. There is a variety of this
with white flowers.
Purple-blue-^owereA. Gromwell. Fl. May. England. PI.
1 foot.
3 L. prostra'tum (Lois. fl. gall. 1. p. 105. t. 4.) stems .suf-
fruticose, prostrate; leaves lanceolate-linear, hispid; tube ot
corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, densely villous inside
above. f; . H. Native of France, in dry places, and by way
T T
322
BORAGINE^. XV. Lithospermum.
sides about Bayonne. Lapeyr. abr. p. 86. Lehm. asper. p.
300. Stems pilose, branched ; branches canescent from dense
pili. Leaves sessile. Flowers axillary, distant, sessile, disposed
in terminal leafy spikes on the older branches. Calyx densely
pilose, canescent, with subulate segments. Corolla bluish pur-
ple, size of those of L. purpureo-cceruleum, downy outside.
Stigma emarginate.
Prostrate Gromwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. Shrub
prostrate.
4 L. FRUTicdsuM (Lin. spec. 190.) stem shrubby, erect,
much branched ; leaves linear, bluntish, with revolute edges,
strigoscly hispid, hoary beneath ; tube of corolla twice as long
as the calyx. h . H. Native of the south of Europe ; and at
Algiers. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 155. Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p.
114-. Lapeyr. abr. p. 86. D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2717. Lehm.
asper. p. 301. Lois. fl. gall. 1. p. 105. Hoffm. et Link, fl.
port. 1. p. 170. t. 21. L. fruticosum, /j, rosmarinifolium, Pers.
syn. 1. p. 158. — Barrel, icon. 11C8. obs. 1 }3. — Garid. aix. p.
68. t. 15. — Alp. exot. p. 69. t. 68. Branches hairy, scabrous.
Leaves sessile, deep green above. Flowers distant, axillary, dis-
posed in S-6-flowered, terminal, leafy racemes. Calyx pilose, with
linear segments. Corolla of a violet blue colour. Anthers be-
yond the throat. Stigma obtuse. Nuts ovate, hispid, shining,
brown when ripe.
Far. (j, major (Lehm. asper. p. 302.) corolla 3 times as long
as the calyx ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla. ^ .
H. Native of Naples, in Goat's Island ; and the Islands in the
Grecian Archipelago, on the mountains. L. rosmarinifolium,
Tenore. syn. fl. neap. p. 33. no. 20. Lindl. hot. reg. 1736.
L. fruticosum, Smith, fl. grsec. t. 161. This variety differs
from the species in the larger form, longer and broader, more
crowded leaves, and in the corollas being much larger.
Shrubbi/ GiomweW. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1683. Shrub 1
to Ig foot.
5 L. cilia'tum (Forsk. desc. p. 39. Vahl. symb. 1. p.
14.) stem suffruticose, erect, branched, muricately hispid
above; leaves cordate-ovate, hoary, with callous, setosely cili-
ated edges. Ij . F. Native on the banks of canals near
Cairo. Willd. spec. 1. p. 755. Lehm. asper. p. 314.
Branches dichotomous, white. Leaves thick, half stem-clasp-
ing. Calycine segments lanceolate. Corolla violaceous, longer
than the calyx. Nuts small, black. Spikes lateral, half an
inch long.
Ciliatcd-\eaved Gromwell. Shrub | to 1 foot.
6 L. CALLosuM (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 14.) stem suffruticose,
branched, hispid ; leaves lanceolate-linear, obtuse, callosely
warted, strigose, very hispid ; bracteas setosely ciliated. Ij .
F. Native about Cairo, in deserts. Willd. spec. 1. p. 754.
Lehm. asper. p. 315. L. angustifolium, Forsk. descr. p. 39.
icon. vol. 2. t. 16. f. 2. Stem covered with white bark, villous
below, and hispid above. Leaves sessile, canescent while young.
Flowers disposed in terminal racemes. Calyx hispid, with linear,
ciliated segments. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; tube vil-
lous, red; limb violaceous, vphite in the middle, fading to blue;
segments ovate, acutish. Nuts ovate, acute.
Far. ft, ii'ivenm (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 836.) stems very white,
with deciduous bark ; leaves small, ovate-lanceolate. Fj . F.
Ca//oMX-tubercled Gromwell. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
7 L. Arne'bia (Lehm. asper. p. 316. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 45.) stems herbaceous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, pilosely hispid ; spikes solitary, terminal, secund ; bracteas
lanceolate. Q.H. Native of Egypt. Arnebia tinctoria, Forsk.
descr. p. 62 — 63. L. tinctorium, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 33. t. 28.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 752. but not of Lin. L. tetrastigma, Lam.
ill. no. 1790. Pers. ench. 1. p. 158. Root fusiform, red. Stems
simple, pilosely hispid, as well as the whole plant : lateral ones
decumbent : middle ones erect. Leaves sessile : radical ones
2 inches long : cauline ones 1 inch. Calycine segments linear,
bluntish. Corolla longer than the calyx, blue, with a filiform
tube. Nuts obcordately triangular, smooth, shining. Segaret
el arneb is the Arabic name of the plant.
Arnebia Gromwell. PI. i foot.
8 L. mi'nimum (Moris, elench. sard, ex Linnsea, 5. p. 93.)
hispid ; stem erect, a little branched ; leaves oblong-linear :
lower ones spatulate ; tube of corolla hairy, almost twice as long
as the calyx. ©. H. Native of Sardinia, in arid pastures by
the sea side. Corolla blue, with a yellow throat.
Least Gromwell. Fl. March, April. PI. \ foot.
§ 2. Flowers white or i^ale yelloiv.
9 L. aggeega'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 4.) stem her-
baceous, prostrate, branched ; leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse,
wrinkled. ©. H. Native of Peru, on the hills of Tarma and
Huanuco. Lehm. asper. p. 313. Plant downy. Root fusiform.
Leaves on short petioles. Flowers aggregate, nearly sessile,
secund, small, white. Nuts 2, ovate, smooth.
Aggregate-dowered Gromwell. PI. prostrate.
10 L. linea'tum (Lehm. asper. p. 312.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched ; lower leaves obovate, obtuse : superior ones
broad-lanceolate, hairy, subciliated, lined ; tube of corolla twice
as long as the calyx. X . H. Native country unknown. Stem
woody at the base, branched, scabrous, hairy. Lower leaves
3-4 inches long, all lined above, with a rudiment of a branch in
nearly the axils of all. Racemes terminal, leafy, at first nutant.
Calyx hairy, with unequal linear segments. Corolla pale yel-
low ; tube downy ; throat furnished with 5 obtuse, glandular
protuberances. Stigma capitate. Nuts hispid, shining, beset
with impressed dots and lines.
Znierf -fruited Gromwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1
to li foot.
1 1 L. oFFiciNA^LE (Lin. spec. p. 189. fl. suec. ed. 2d. p. 159.)
stems herbaceous, terete, erect, much branched ; leaves broad-
lanceolate, acute, veiny, very scabrous ; tube of corolla length of
calyx. %. H. Native of Europe, Asia, and North America,
on way sides, among bushes ; also in waste places, in dry, gra-
velly, or chalky soil. In Britain it is found but sparingly in
some woods. Smith, engl. bot. t. 134. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1084.
Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p 121. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 5. icone. Lehm.
asper. p. 310. Svensk, bot. t. 177. Hayne, term. bot. t. 21. f.
3. Woodv. med. bot. p. 134. t. 213. — Plenck. icon. t. 75
Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 29. — Ludw. ect. 147. — Lob. stirp. t. 542. f.
2. — Hall. helv. no. 595. Root fibrous. Stem setosely sca-
brous. LeaN es sessile, deep green above, and paler beneath.
Flowers on short pedicels, solitary, axillary, disposed in leafy
elongated racemes during florescence. Calyx hairy, with linear-
lanceolate segments. Corolla pale yellow ; throat furnished with
5 erect gibbae. Nuts hispid, shining, white, hard ; whence they
have been celebrated in ancient times as a cure for the stone,
without the least shadow of reason.
Far. ft, latifdlium (Lehm. asper. p. 311.) seeds turgid,
ovate, shining, beset with pitted dots all over ; fructiferous
calyx spreading, exceeding the corolla ; leaves ovate-oblong,
nerved. 1/ . H. Native from Virginia to Kentucky, in shady
woods. L. latifolium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 130. Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 131. L. officinale, ft, majus, Willd. spec.
1. p. 751. — Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 29. Flowers pale yellow.
Officinal Gromwell, or Grey Mill or Millet. Fl. May, Aug.
Britain. PI. li to 2 feet.
12 L. sca'brum (Thunb. in Schrad. journ. 1806. p. 44. prod,
fl. cap. p. 34.) stem herbaceous, angular, strict, branched ; leaves
narrow-lanceolate, with revolute margins, scabrous from papilla;
above, rather hairy beneath ; tube of corolla hardly longer than
BORAGINEiE. XV. Lithospermum.
323
the calyx. 1{.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 753. Lehm. asper. p. a09. Stem and branches
hairy. Leaves sessile, bluntisli, Ig to 2 inches long. Racemes
usually bifid, terminating the stem and branches ; bracteas lan-
ceolate. Corolla salver-shaped, white ; throat marked by 5 ob-
tuse gibbosities. Stigma obtuse. Nuts half ovate, acuminated,
shining, white. Huhit of L. ojfficinalis.
Scabrous Gromwell. PI. 1 to 14 foot.
13 L. ANGusTiFoLiuM (Miclix. fl. bof. amer. 1. p. 130.)
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 137.) stems herbaceous, procum-
bent ; leaves linear, clothed with adprcssed pubescence ; flowers
as if they were lateral ; nuts beset with impressed dots. ©. H.
Native of shady woods, on the banks of the river Ohio. Lehm.
asper. p. 309. Flowers white. Nuts turgidly ovate, shining.
Narrow-leaved Gromwell. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot.
14 L. sTRicTUM (Lehm. asper. p. 303.) stem herbaceous,
very sim))le, thick ; leaves linear, acute, adpressed to the stem,
strigose above, and almost glabrous beneath ; spikes terminal,
solitary ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx. ©. H.
Native of tropical America. Stem terete, canescent at top.
Lower leaves 4 inch long, very blunt: upper ones 1^ inch long.
F'lowers on short pedicels from the axils of linear bracteas.
Calyx pilose, with linear-lanceolate segments. Corolla villous
outside, pale yellow. Anthers sagittate. Nuts ovate, turgid.
Straight Gromwell. PI. 1 to \\ foot.
15 L. cuNEiFOLiujr (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 5. no. 4.)
stems herbaceous, prostrate, hoary; leaves cuneiform, hoary;
flowers sessile, axillary, solitary. ©. H. Native of Peru, on
arid hills. Pers. ench. 1. p. 158. Lehm. asper. p. 307. Root
fusiform, fibry. Stems numerous. Leaves sessile. Corolla
white. Nuts ovate, acuminated, shining.
Wedge-leaved Gromwell. PI. prostrate.
16 L. micra'nthum (Viv. fl. libyc. p. 10. t. 1. f 4.) hispid
from strigas ; leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers disposed in short,
terminal, secund spikes, the whole forming a kind of cyme ;
hairs on the calyx spinescent when bearing the fruit ; tube of
corolla filiform. ©. H. Native of Libya, in the great Syrtus.
Root simple. Stem a finij;er in height. Calycine segments
linear, acute. Corolla yellowish green, longer than the calyx,
with a naked throat. Nuts ovate, acute, convex on the
back.
Small-Jlowered Gromwell. PI. \ foot.
Sect. IL Deinospe'rmum (from ^uvoq, demos, rough ; and
crirepfia, sperma, a seed ; the nuts are rough.) Nuts very hard,
wrinkled, callosely dotted, rough, or muricated.
§ 1 . Flowers white or yellorv.
17 L. A'pulum (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 33.) stems herbaceous;
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, pilose ; spikes terminal, secund ;
bracteas lanceolate ; nuts muricated. ©. H. Native of Por-
tugal, south of France, Italy, Samos, and other islands of the
Archipelago ; in the kingdom of Tunis, near Caffan ; as well
as of North America, in Virginia, Ohio, and Mississippi, in
dry woods. Willd. spec. 1. p. 752. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
grfec. t. 158. Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p. 1G9. Pursh, fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 131. Lehm. asper. p. 317. Myosotis A'pula,
Lin. spec. 189. All. pedem. no. 192. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 158.
Lapeyr. abr. p. 83. Myosotis lutea. Lam. fl. gal. 2. p. 282. —
Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 28. f. 8.— Column, ecph. 1. p. 185. f.
1.— Plukn. phyt. t. 16. f 5.— Lob. icon. t. 587. f. 1.— Buglos-
sum luteum annuum minimum, Tourn. inst. p. 134. Root
branched. Stems rarely more than one from the same root,
pilose. Leaves sessile, deep green, an inch long. Spikes 3-5
1
together, terminal, many-flowered. Calyx very hairy. Corolla
yellow, longer than the calyx. Nuts gibbous on both sides,
beaked, marked with 4 elevated snbiiiuricated lines.
Ajmliaii Gromwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 17C8. PI. |
foot.
18 L. pu'milum (Lehm. asper. p. 319.) stems herbaceous,
ascending, branched ; leaves imbricate, linear, obtuse, strigosely
pilose ; flowers solitary, sessile, interfoliaceous ; segments of the
limb of corolla acute; nuts rugose. 2/. H. Native of North
America. Habit of Anchiisa ceespitosa, but smaller. Root
thick, with filiform fibres. Stems many, 2-3 inches lonsr.
Leaves crowded, an inch long, and more. Calyx pilose, with
ciliated segments. Corolla yellow ? ; tube a little longer than
the calyx.
Z)»'a)y Gromwell. PI. ^ foot.
19 L. MYOsoToiDES (Lehm. asper. p. 319.) stems herbaceous,
procumbent, filiform ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose ; flowers
solitary, lateral ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ; limb
obtuse; nuts rugose. ©. H. Native of Chili, in sandy places
about Conception ; and at Santiago. L. tinctorium, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 4. t. 114. L. tingens, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 44. Plant pilose. Root slender, fusiform. Stems
numerous ; middle ones erect. Flowers on short pedicels.
Calyx closed in the fructiferous state. Corolla white, exceeding
the calyx. — This plant tinges paper in which it has been pressed
of a violet colour.
Mouse-ear-like Gromwell. PI. procumbent.
20 L. arve'nse (Lin. spec. 190. fl. suec. no. 160. ed. 2d.)
stems herbaceous, erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed
at the base, acutish, haiiy, subciliated ; calyxes a little shorter
than the corolla, spreading in the fructiferous state; nuts wrin-
kled, scabrous. ©. H. Native of Europe, Asia, Africa, and
North America, in cultivated fields, and sterile or waste places ;
plentiful in some parts of Britain. Oed. fl. dan. t. 45G. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 123. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 121.— Hall. helv. no.
594.- Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 31. f. 7.— Riv. mon. tab. 9. f.
1. Root perpendicular, branched, red outside. Stem scabrous
from adpressed hairs. Leaves sessile, scabrous, 1^ inch long.
Flowers nearly sessile, solitary, disposed in leafy racemose
spikes. Calyx hispid or pilose. Corolla white, pilose outside,
with a violaceous ring inside. Nuts scabrous, black.
Far. fi ; flowers blue. ©. H. Native of Iberia. Bieb. fl.
cauc. 1. p. 121.
Far. y; flowers purplish. ©. H. Native of France. L.
arvense, (i, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2713.
Corn-Jield Gromwell, or Bastard Alkanet. Fl. May, June.
Britain. PI. j to 1|- foot.
21 L. plebe'ium (Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 446.) stem erect
or prostrate, trichotomous at the nodi, clothed with spreading
pili ; leaves opposite ; spikes elongated, leafy ; leaves linear, or
linear-lanceolate, obtuse, nearl)' naked above and strigose be-
neath, irregularly ciliated with twin pili ; calyx densely pilose ;
nuts rugose, glabrous. ©. H. Native of Unalaschka and the
Aleutian Islands, on the sea ghore. Stems rarely solitary and
erect ; but generally many from the same root, and trailing.
Flowers nearly sessile. The largest leaves are 3 inches long
and 4 lines broad. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted, with lanceolate
acutish segments. Corolla salver-shaped, hardly exceeding the
calyx, glabrous, white or pale yellow.
Plebeian Gromwell. Pi. ^ to J foot.
22 L. budera^le (Dougl. mss. ex Lehm. pug. 2. p. 28.)
stem herbaceous, erect, hairy ; leaves linear, acuminated, stri-
gose ; spikes leafy ; corolla villous : tube length of calyx. 0.
H. Native of North-west America. Stem angular, furrowed,
branched at top. Leaves scattered, crowded, sessile. Calyx
T t 2
324
BORAGINEvE. XV. Lithospermum.
hairy, with unequal linear segments. Corolla yellow. Flowers
almost sessile. Stigma simple.
Rubbish Gromwell. PI. 1 foot.
23 L. Schreberia'num (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 546.) stems
nearly sim])le; leaves all ovate, hispid: radical ones petiolate :
cauline ones sessile ; calyx hairy, equal in length to the tube of
the corolla. %. H. Native of Kamtschatka. Pulmonaria
pilmila, Schrank.
Schreber's Gromwell. PI. dwarf.
24 L. CRASsiFOLiuM (Lehm. asper. p. 324.) stems herba-
ceous, ascending, hoary ; leaves lanceolate-spatulate, obtuse,
canescent from incumbent hairs ; floral leaves cordate, acute,
nearly glabrous ; corolla a little longer than the calyx ; nuts
rugose. % . F. Native of the Levant. Stems numerous.
Radical leaves petiolate: cauline ones sessile. Flowers disposed
in terminal, leafy, conjugate spikes. Corolla glabrous, the
colour not known.
Thick-leaved Gromwell. PI. h ascending.
25 L. orienta'le (Lin. syst. ed. 12. vol. 2. p. 145.) stems
ascending, herbaceous, branched from the base ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, bluntish, repand, pilose: floral ones ovate-lanceolate;
corollas longer than the calyxes, which droop in the fructiferous
state ; nuts tubercular. 1(. H. Native of the Grecian Islands ;
and in sandy places of Cafsa. Vahl, symb. 1. p. 14. VVilld.
spec. 1. p. 753. exclusive of the syn. of Forsk. Desf. fl. atl.
1. p. 15.'5. Curt. bot. mag. t. 515. Sibtb. et Smith, fl. grsec.
t. 160. Anchiisa orientalis, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 133. ed. 2d.
p. 191. — Dill. hort. elth. 1. p. 60. t. 52. f 60. — Buxb. cent. 3.
t. 29. Root fusiform, black outside. Plant pilosely hispid.
Leaves soft, pale green. Flowers golden yellow, on short pedi-
cels, disposed in long, leafy, terminal racemes. Corolla with a
cylindrical tube, which is contracted in the middle, longer than
tiie calyx ; limb short, recurvedly convex, with roundish seg-
ments, and rather elevated recesses. Nuts incurvedly gib-
bous, rather reniform, brown, shining. Habit of Lycopsis
lutea,
£ax(ern Gromwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1713. PI. ascend-
ing.
26 L. decu'mbens (Vent. eels. t. 37.) stem herbaceous, de-
cumbent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, strigose ; calyx pentagonal
at the base, with subulate, erect segments ; tube of corolla
much longer than the calyx ; nuts tubercular. 0. H. Native
of the Levant, near Bagdad. Lehm. asper. p. 326. Root fusi-
form, fibry. Stems hispid, dichotomously branched ; brandies
ending in very long spike-formed racemes. Flowers nearly
sessile, shorter than the bracteas. Calyx hispid. Corolla yel-
low, downy outside ; segments rounded, erectly spreading.
Nuts pyramidal, angular, acute, truncate at the base.
Decumbenl Gromwell. PI. decumbent.
27 L. cornu'tum (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 175. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
25.) hairy; stem herbaceous, erect ; leaves oblong, callous, cili-
ated ; calyxes, when bearing the fruit, furnished with 5 horns at
the base : segments lanceolate-linear, erect ; tube of corolla one
half lonijer than the calyx ; nuts tubercled. ©. H. Na-
tive of Siberia, in dry ))laces ; at the river Irtyscli ; between
the river Kurtschum and the lake called Noor-Saisan ; as well
as on the Arkaul and Dolenkara mountains. Stems simple.
Plant strigose. Racemes erect, bracteate. Calyx hairy. Co-
rolla yellow, pilose outside. Stigmas 4, capitate. Calyx struc-
ture of that of Z/. dccumbens.
Horned-ca\ys.ed Gromwell. Fl. May. Plant 5 to | foot.
28 L. murica'tum (Ruiz, ct Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 4. no. 2.
Lehm. asper. p. 327.) stems herbaceous, prostrate; leaves lan-
ceolate-linear, obtuse, downy : lower ones opposite; calyx equal
in length to the corolla, expanded while in fruit; nuts muricated.
©. H. Native of Chili, in waste places, and on walls. Plant
downy. Stems many. Flowers lateral and terminal, sessile.
Corolla white.
Muricaled-seeded Gromwell. PI. prostrate.
29 L. HispiDUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 5, no. 5.) stems
herbaceous, ascending, strigosely hispid ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, acute, revolute at apex, strigosely hispid ; calyx setosely
hispid, length of the tube of the corolla; nuts granular. ©.
H. Native of Peiu, in stony places. Lehm. asper. p. 328.
Plant hispid, whitish. Root fusiform, fibry. Stems numerous,
rather angular, branched. Leaves sessile, an inch long. Spikes
long ; flowers nearly sessile, secund : superior ones more crowd-
ed and bractless. Corolla yellow. Nuts ovate, acute.
Hispid Gromwell. PI. 1 foot, ascending.
30 L. cALYciNtiM (Moris, in acad. del Torino, vol. 37. p. 98.
t. 22.) hispid from bristles; stem herbaceous, erect, branched;
leaves lanceolate : superior ones dilated at the base, sessile, un-
dulated : spikes dense, secund, bractless, revolute at apex ;
calyx equal in length to the corolla, expanded in the fruit-bear-
ing state ; nuts wrinkled from tubercles. % . F. Native of
Chili. Root fusiform, fibrous at bottom. Calyx hispid, like the
rest of the plant. Corolla yellow, funnel-shaped. Nuts ovate,
gibbous outside, conniving at top. Perhaps the same as L. his-
pidum.
Large-calyxed Gromwell. PI. 1 foot.
31 L. RAMosuM (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. 328.) stem
herbaceous, erect, much branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
bluntish, strigose, with ciliated, hispid margins ; calyx hispid,
length of the tube of the corolla; nuts granular. Q. H. Na-
tive of Mexico. Stem hairy, canescent. Leaves g an inch or
more long. Spikes lateral, and at the tops of the branches, all
lateral, conjugate, sometimes solitary, leafy. Flowers sessile,
distant, opposite the bracteas, or from the axils of the bracteas.
Corolla white, downy under the limb. Nuts ovate, subtrigonal,
acuminated, granular outside.
Branched Gromwell. PI. 1 foot.
32 L. TAriLLOsuM (Thimb. in Schrad. journ. 1806. p. 44 —
45. prod. fl. cap. p. 34.) stem herbaceous, assurgent, nearly
simple ; leaves oblong lanceolate, papillose, hairy, with revolute
margins; calyxes hairy, length of the tube of the corolla, spread-
ing in tlie fructiferous state ; nuts wrinkled. ©. ? H. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope Lehm. asper. p. 329. Stem bear-
ing 2 flowering branches at top, hispid. Leaves sessile, strigose,
canescent. Racemes bracteate : bracteas longer than the flow-
ers. Calycine segments obtuse, concave, lanceolate. Flowers
distant. Corolla white ; tube a little longer than the calyx.
Nuts ovate.
Papillose Gromwell. PI. 1 foot.
33 L. LYCopsoiDES (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 28.) stems herbaceous,
procumbent, brand led, hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, denticu-
lated, setosely ciliated, hairy on both surfaces ; flowers scatter-
ed, lateral and axillary ; nuts ovate-trigonal, emarginate, convex
and wrinkled on the back. ©. ? H. Native of North-west
America. Stems terete, di-trichotomous. Flowers on short pe-
dicels. Calyx very hispid, drooping when in fruit, somewhat
inflated ; segments lanceolate. Corolla yellow, glabrous ; limb
small, erect.
LycopisisA'ike Gromwell. PI. 1 foot ?
34 L. TENuiFLORUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 130.) stem herbace-
ous, erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, hairy, scabrous :
lower ones opposite ; calyxes shorter than the filiform tube of
the corolla, conniving when bearing the fruit. ©. H. Native
of Egypt, and the island of Cyprus. Lehm. asper. p. 3'20.
Jacq. icon. rar. 2. p. 10. t. 313. Sibtb. et Smith, fl. grsec. t.
159. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 175. Buglossoides ramosissima.
BORAGINE^. XV. Litiiospermum.
325
Mcsncli. meth. p. -US. Habit of L. nrvense, but mucli smaller.
Stem downy, scabrous. Leaves I to li inch long: floral ones
length of calyxes. Flowers on short pedicels, seciind, disposed
in terminal, leafy racemes. Calycine segments ciliated. Corolla
downy outside, inflated at the base, and constricted in the mid-
dle, white, suffused with red ? Nuts brown, incurved, tubercled.
Thin-Jlonercd Groniwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 179(5. 11.
\ to 1 foot.
Ii5 L. tene'llum (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p. 188.)
leaves linear, acute, strigose ; flowers remote, pedicellate ; calyx
foliaceous, with unequal segments ; nuts glabrous, convex. 0.
H. Native of North America, in arid places in the prairies of
the Red River. Stem about a span high, clothed with adpressed
whitish strigas. Flowers scattered, small, white. Corolla funnel-
shaped. Nuts 4, convex outside, connivent, and rather pilose
and angular. Perhaps this plant is not precisely a Litho.'iper-
mum ; bearing, indeed, some affinity to Ct/noglotsum, and by no
means according with the usual character of the fruit of this
genus.
Slender Gromwell. PI. | to 1 foot.
§ 2, Flowers blue or purple.
36 L. TiNCTORiLM (Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 132. mat. med. p.
58.) stems herbaceous, procumbent; leaves lanceolate, obtuse,
pilosely hispid : floral ones subcordate ; calyxes hairy, a little
shorter than the tube of the corolla; nuls tubercled. "H.. H.
Native of Spain; south of France; Italy, and Hungary, in
sandy, sterile places ; and in deserts about Alexandria. D. C.
syn. fl. fr. no. 2716. Andr. bot. rep. t. 576. Regnau, bot. 1.
t. 34. Lehm. asper. p. 330. Anchilsa tinctoria, Horn. hort.
hafn. 1. p. 176. Willd. eniim. 1. p. 178. exclusive of the syno-
nymes. Lapeyr. abr. p. 86. L. tuberculata, Forsk. descr. p.
41. L. procurabens, seminibus rugosis, Sauv. monsp. p. 63.
Anchiisa puniceis floribus, Bauh. pin. p. 255. Anclmsa nipn-
speliaca, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 584. Root rather woody, twisted, of
many branches, tinges paper of a violet colour. Steins many,
dividing into 2 branches at top, hispid, as well as the leaves.
Upper leaves half stem-clasping ; lower ones petiolate, subspa-
tulate-lanceolate. Flowers sessile, disposed in simple or conju-
gate, terminal, leafy spikes. Corolla fine blue, with a white
throat. Anthers sessile, in the middle of the tube.
Dyer's Gromwell, or Bugloss. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596.
PI. procumbent.
37 L. dispe'rmum (Lin. spec. 191. dec. 1. t. 7.) stem
herbaceous, erect, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse,
pilose ; calyx beset with spreading hairs : segments linear,
spreading, but incurved in the fructiferous state ; nuts co-
vered with callous dots. ©. H. Native of Siberia, at the Volga;
in Tauria, and of Caucasus ; also of Thessaly, on Mount Ossa.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 755. Smith, prod, fl grsec. 1. p. 115. Bieb.
fl. taur. 1. p. 122. Pers. ench. 1. p. 158. L. incurvum, Pers.
1. c. L. retortum, Pall. itin. 3. append, no. 722. t. L. 1. f. 2.
Lam. diet. 3. p. 30. Willd. spec. I. p. 755. Messerschmidtia
cancellata, Asso, synop. fl. arrag. no. 162. t. 1. f. 7. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 790. — Quer. hisp. 4. p. 145. t. 25. Root simple,
perpendicular. Plant pilose. Stem canescent. Lower leaves
petiolate, spatulate : upper ones sessile, lanceolate. Flowers
secund, on short pedicels, disposed in leafy terminal racemes.
Corolla pale purple. Tube of corolla a little longer than the
calyx, pale ; limb blue. Nuts usually 2, rarely solitary, or 3,
ovate-trigonal.
Two-seeded Gromwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. 1
foot.
38 L. isca'num (Forst. prod. p. 12. no. 63 ) stein shrubby.
decumbent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, clothed with silky pili,
canescent ; calyxes unequal, shorier than the tube of the co-
rolla; nuts rough. H. G. Native of the island of Teautea,
and Savage Island. Plant silky and canescent. Stem and
branches pilose. Leaves an inch long. Spikes terminal, pe-
dunculate, compound, | to 1 inch long, coarctate, bracteate,
secund, pilose ; flowers on very short pedicels. Corolla pilose
outside, colour unknown. Nuts ovate.
Hoary Gromwell. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
39 L. HispiDULUM (Smith, prod. fl. grsec 1. p. 114. fl. grsc.
t. 162.) stem shrubby, depressed, diffiise ; leaves obovate, ob-
tuse, hispid ; tube of corolla inflated above, twice as long as the
calyx ; nuts tubercled, scabrous. Tj . F. Native of Rhode
Island. Stems tufted ; branches hoary and silky. Leaves
generally ^ an inch, scabrous. Flowers axillary at the tops of
the branches, twice as long as the leaves, blue. Corolla gla-
brous. Stigma obtuse. Nuts ovate.
Hispid Gromwell. Shrub diffuse, tufted.
40 L. viLLosuM (Wall. cat. no. 941.) plant clothed with long
white hairs all over, which rise from white warts, most con-
spicuous on the bracteas and calyxes ; leaves narrow-lanceolate :
the radical ones crowded; racemes terminal, and from the axils
of the upper leaves, bracteate, very hairy. 7/ • F. Native of
the Carnatic, near Hurdwar and Dorhora. Anchitsa polygama.
Ham. herb. Plant tufted ; stems many from the same root.
Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube. Nuts rugose ?
Villous Gromwell. PL 1 foot ?
41 L. FLExuosuM (Lehm. asper. p. 333.) stem shrubby,
decumbent, flexuous ; leaves ovate, scabrous above, hispid be-
neath ; calyxes length of the lube of the corolla, spreading and
incurved in the fructiferous state; nuts callously muricated. ^7 .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cynoglossum murica-
tum, Thunb. in Schrad. journ. 1806. p. 49. prod. p. 34. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 762. Stem branched, hispid. Flowers on short
pedicels, disposed in terminal, leafy racemes ; bracteas lanceo-
late. Calyx hispid. Corolla blue. Anthers in the middle of
the tube, beneath the throat. Nuts 2, ovate, triangular.
Muricated Gromwell. Shrub decumbent.
42 L.oLEiFOLiiiM (Lapeyr. abr. suppl. p. 28.) shrubby, difl"use;
leaves elliptic-oblong, green above, shining, and beset with short
adpressed hairs, but silky and silvery beneath ; branches hoary.
(7 . F. Native of tlie Eastern Pyrenees, among rocks on tlie
banks of the river Caumella, below St. Aniol. Lower leaves op-
posite, H inch long, and | inch broad. Flowers axillary. Caly-
cine segments clothed with silky down, obtuse. Corolla thrice
as long as the calyx, blue ; tube downy. Nuts 2, downy, cine-
reous, trichotomous, somewhat rostrate, glabrous.
Olive-leaved Gromwell. Shrub | to 1 foot,
t Species not sufficiently knorvn.
43 L. DiFFU SUM (Lag. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. p. 10.) stem
suffVuticose, diffuse ; leaves substrigose, linear, broadest at the
base, with revolute edi^es ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx.
\2 • F. Native of Spain, among bushes near Arvas, Pajares, and
elsewhere.
Diffuse Gromwell. Shrub diffuse.
44 L. yEoYrTiAcuM (Mikan ex Schrank, obs. bot. in act. acad.
reg. sc. men. 1813. § 14. p. 73.
Egyjttian Gromwell. Pi. ?
Cult. For the culture and propagation of the perennial, her-
baceous species, see Borago, p. .309 ; for those of the annual
species, see Anchusa, p. 343 ; and for those of the shrubby
kinds, see Onosma, p. 317.
XVI. BA'TSCHIA (named by Michaux after G. J. G.
326
BORAGINEiE. XVI. Batschia. XVII. Macromeria. XVIII. Moltkia.
Batscb, a German professor of botany.) Gmel. in Lin. syst. 2.
p. 315. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 133. t. 14. Pursli. fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 122. R. Br. in append. Frankl. journ. p. 732.
Anonymos, Walt. fl. car. p. 91. Litliospermum species, Lehm.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Caly.x 5-cleft. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube longer than the calyx, bearded by a ring of
hairs inside at the base ; mouth naked. Anthers inclosed. Nuts
4, 1 -celled, ovate, smooth, shininsr, fixed to the bottom of the
calyx, imperforated at the base. — Plants with the habit of Lilho-
spermum. Flowers yellow or fulvous, almost fastigiate in short
bracteate spikes. Leaves narrow, without collateral nerves.
1 B. LONGiFLORA (Piush. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 132.) plant
clothed with silky villi ; erect ; leaves approximate, long, and
linear: with revolute margins; corolla with an elongated and
somewhat pentagonal tube, and crcnately cut segments ; calycine
segments long, linear. 1/ . H. Native on the banks of the
Missouri and Mississippi. Lithospermum incisum, Lehm. asper.
p. 303. Lith. angustifolium, Muhl. Lith. longiflorum, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 544. Flowers sulphur-yellow, disposed in fastigiate
fascicles.
Long-Jlowered Vuccoon. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. PI. i foot.
2 B. decu'mbens (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 114.) hirsutely
villous ; stems decumbent ; segments of the calyx and leaves
linear ; flowers scattered ; lobes of corolla fimbriately crenate,
shorter than the tube. 1(.. H. Native of North America,
around the IMandan village. Lithospermum Mandanense,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 544. Nearly allied to B. long'iflhra. In
both these species the orifice of the corolla is nearly closed by
5 arched protuberances. All the species afford a crimson lac
from the root.
Decumbent Puccoon. PI. decumbent.
3 B. Gmelini (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 130. Pursh. fl. 1.
p. 1.32.) plant hairy ; stems erect, simple ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, obtuse: floral ones ovate-lanceolate, obtuse ; tube of corolla
shorter than the calyx ; calycine segments long-lanceolate, acute,
unequal. %. H. Native of Lower Carolina, in dry sunny woods:
and in woods of the Arkansas and Red River. Anonymos Caroli-
niensis, Walt. fl. c.-irol. p. 91. B. Caroliniensis, Pers. eneh. 1.
p. 159. Anchusa hirta, Muhl. cat. p. 19. Lithospermum hir-
tum, Lehm. asper. p. 304. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers
yellow, pilose outside. Nuts ovate, turgid, glabrous, shining.
GmelhC s Vwccaon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot.
4 B. cane'scens (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 130. t. 14
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 132.) plant clothed with white villi; stem erect,
nearly simple; leaves oblong, obtuse, emarginate at apex, at
length rather scabrous ; tube of corolla twice as long as the
calyx; calyxes very short, linear, acute. %. H. Native of
Virginia, Carolina, Tenessee, on dry sunny hills, in a sandy soil.
Anchusa canescens, Muhl. cat. p. 19. Anchiisa Virginiana, Lin.
syst. p. 191. Lithospermum canescens, Lehm. asper. p. 305.
Anchusa flovibus sparsis, caule glabro, Gronov. viro-. p. 24.
Anchusa lutea minor quam alii Puccoon vocant, Gronov. viro-.
p. 19.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 447. sect. 11. t. 28. f 4. Stems divide'cl
into two leafy racemes at top. Flowers nearly .sessile. Corolla
fulvous. Nuts similar to those of Lithosp. officinale. The root
is covered with a red substance, which is the true Puccoon of
the Indians, and paints a beautiful red.
Cancscent Puccoon. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. coNspicuA (R.Br, in Richards, append, to Frankl. journ.
p. 732.) stem beset with loose hairs ; leaves oblong, obtuse,
clothed with adpressed pili : floral ones secund, becoming gra-
dually smaller to the top of the spikes ; lobes of corolla entire.
X- H. Native of North-west America, on the banks of the
Saskatchawan. Lithospermum conspicuum, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
548. Stems many from the same root, di-trichotomous at top.
Spikes divaricate. Calyx hairy ; segments subulate, three times
shorter than the corolla. Corolla of an orange-yellow colour,
pilose outside.
Conspicuous Puccoon. PI. 1| foot.
6 B. sERicEA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 743.) stem suffru-
ticose, erect, trichotomously branched, villous at top ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, silky above, but somewhat villous
beneath, canescent ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx.
%. H. Native of Virginia. Lithospermum sericeum, Lehm.
asper. 206. Anchusa Virginica, Lin. spec. 191. Gron. virg. p.
24. Willd. spec. 1. p. 7580.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 447. sect. 11.
t. 28. f. 4. Stem divided at top into 3-6 floriferous branches.
Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers pedicellate from the axils of the
floral leaves. Calyx villous, with unequal linear segments. Co-
rolla yellow, downy outside. Nuts ovate, glabrous.
,,9«7A?/ Puccoon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot.
7 B. DisTicHA ; stem herbaceous, erect, branched at top ;
leaves clothed with adpressed pili : lower ones spatulate, obtuse :
superior ones oblong-lanceolate, acute : floral ones ovate, in 2 rows;
tube of corolla length of calyx. 1/ . .S. Native of Cuba. Li-
thospermum distichum, Orteg. dec. p. 8. Jacq. fragm. t. 48. f.
3. Willd. enum. 1. p. 177. Lehm. asper. p. 308. Stems nu-
merous, strigose or pilose, divided into 3-6 leafy spikes at top.
Flowers axillary, distich, on short pedicels, shorter than the
floral leaves. Calyx pilose, with lanceolate-acute segments.
Corolla white ; throat yellow, marked by 5 obtuse gibbosities.
Nuts small, ovate, turgid, hard, shining, white.
Distich-\ea.\eA Puccoon. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. PI.
I to 1 foot.
Cult. The species grow well in common garden soil, but best
in a peat border. They are increased by dividing at the root,
or by seed.
XVII. MACROME'RIA (from /KciKpos, macros, long, and
Hipic, meris, a part ; the flowers are by far the largest of the
whole family, of which it may justly be reckoned the most
showy genus). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, Oct., 1832.
Lin. svst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted,
rather unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped, much longer than the
calyx ; limb 5-lobed : lobes erect, acutish. Stamens nearly
equal, with capillary olabrous filaments, and linear-oblong, in-
cumbent, versatile anthers; cells of anthers parallel, dehiscing
lengthwise. Style capillary, glabrous ; stigma a pruinose dot.
Ovaria 4, connate. — Perennial Mexican herbs. Stems erect,
very simple. Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate, nerved.
Racemes few-flowered bracteate. Calycine segments linear.
Corolla white ? 2-3 inches long ; tube attenuated at the base ;
throat dilated ; lobes of limb oblong ; imbricate in aestivation.
The long filaments distinguish this genus from Lithospermum
and Batschia, to which it otherwise comes nearest in affinity.
1 M. LONGIFLORA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, smoothish ; genitals inclosed. 11 . F. Native of Mexico.
Lithospermum longiflorum, Sesse et Mocino, mss. in herb.
Lamb.
Long-Jlowered Macromeria. PI.
2 M. exse'rta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, niucronate,
scabrous; genitals exserted ; stem hispid. !{.. H. Native of
Mexico. E'chium species, Sesse et Mocino, mss. in herb. Lamb.
Exserted-stamened Macromeria. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Batschia above.
XVIII. MO'LTKIA (named by Dr. Lehmann in honour of
Count Gadske Moltke, a Danish prince, founder of a Museum
of Natural History at Copenhagen), Lehm. in act. soc. nat.
scrut. hal. 3. p. 3, asper. p. 339.
BORAGINE;E. XVIII. Moltkia. XIX. Craniospermum. XX. Strobila. XXI. Echium.
327
Lyn. sysT. Pentainbia, Monogynia. Calyx .5-parted. Co-
rolla cj'linilrical, somewhat funnel-shaped ; with a naked throat.
Stamens exseried ; anthers oblong, incumbent. Nuts 4, 1 -celled,
large, difformed, imperforated at the base, fixed to tlie bottom
of the calyx. — Strigose, canescent, lierbaceous plants, with lateral
and terminal secund bracteate spikes of flowers ; terminal spikes
conjugate, lateral, solitary.
1 M. puncta'ta (Lchm. 1. c. p. 5. asper. 339.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate, obtuse, cloilied with strigose pili ; corolla a little
longer than the calyx ; nuts beset with adpressed dots. 1^. H.
Native of Galatia. Stems simple, many from the same root.
The vchole plant canescent from strigose pili. Spikes 3-4 inches
long. Bracteas lanceolate. Calyx strigose, with linear seg-
ments.
Z)o»c(/-seeded Moltkia. PI. \ to 1 foot.
2 M. cffiRU^LEA (Lehm. 1. c. p. 6. asper. p. 340.) leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, acute, rather silky ; corolla much longer than
the calyx; nuts wrinkled. 1}.. H. Native of Armenia.
Onosma coeiulea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 775. Pers. ench. 1. p. 162.
Symphytum orientale angustifolium flore ccerideo, Tourn. cor.
p. 7. Plant canescent, and rather silky from incumbent pili.
Stem shrubby at the base, ascending. Leaves an inch long.
Spikes 4-6 inches long ; bracteas lanceolate. Corollas bluish-
purple. Calyx pilose, with linear-lanceolate segments.
£foe-fiowered Moltkia. PI. ^ to 1 foot-
Cult. For culture and propagation see Onosma, p. 317. Ele-
gant plants, well worth the gardener's care.
XIX. CRANIOSPE'RMUM (from KpavLov, kranhn, the
cranium ; and mrepfia, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the form
of tiie nuts). Lehm. asper. p. 336.
Lin. SYST. Pentandrla, Monogynia. Calyx oblong, 5-parted.
Corolla cylindrical with a 5-toothed mouth, and a naked throat.
Stamens much longer than the corolla ; anthers oblong. Nuts 4,
1 -celled, hemispherical, concave at the base, fixed to the bottom
of the calyx. — Plant densely villous, or strigose. Roots fusiform.
Stems inany from the same root, simple, erect, rather tufted.
Radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, petiolate as well as the
lower cauline ones : tiie upper cauline ones sessile and acutish,
all canescent while young. Flowers on short pedicels, disposed
in short, terminal, sub-capitate, leafy racemes. Calyx villously
hispid, nutant in the fructiferous state. Corolla glabrous, rose-
coloured.
1 C. suBviLLosuM (Lehm. 1. c. p. 337.) %. H. Native of
Siberia, in gravelly places, by Lake Baikal.
Subvillous Craniospermum. PI. 1 to \\ foot.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Onosma, p. 317.
XX. STRO'BILA (from iTrpo/3(\oc, strobllos, a top ; in refer-
ence to the form of the fruit.) Dioclea, Spreng, syst. 1. p. 502-
556, but not of D. C. Anchusa species, Sieber.
Lin. syst. Pent&ndrla, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, villous, with a slender tube and spreading
limb. Stamens equal in length to the limb. Style bifid ; stigmas
2, capitate. Fruit pyramidal, perforated at the base. — Plant
much branched, strigose, very hispid. Leaves lanceolate. Spikes
leafy. Corolla cream-coloured, thrice as long as the calyx.
1 D. HispiDissiMA (Spreng, syst. 1. p. 556.) "H- ? H. Native
of Egypt, near Abugyr. Anchiisa asperrima, Delile, fl. aegypt.
vol. 2. Anchiisa liispidissima, Sieb.
Very hispid Stribila. PI. I to 2 feet.
Cult. See Ancliusa, p. 343, for culture and propagation.
XXI. E CHIUM (fx'o*' of Dioscorides. e^iewv of Nicander;
from £X'f' B'^l't^t a viper; being supposed to cure the bite of the
viper, or to have seeds resembling a viper's head ; the genus is.
therefore, called Viper s Bugloss in English, and Viperine in
French.) Pliny. Tourn. inst. t. 54. Lin. gen. no. 191. Schreb.
gen. 251. Juss. gen. p. 130. cd. Usteri. p. 1 t5. Lam. ill. no.
255. t. 94. Gaertn. fruct. 1. no. 419. t. 67. f. 7. Schkvihr,
handb. t. 32.
LiN. SYST. Penldndria, l\Iomigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corol-
la funnel-shaped or campanulate ; throat wide, naked ; segments
of the limb unequal in many of the species. Stamens exserted.
Style bifid at top, hairy at the base. Nuts 4, 1 -celled, turbinate,
gigartoid, scabrous, imperforated at the base, fixed to the bot-
tom of the calyx.— -Rough, shrubby, or herbaceous plants.
Leaves lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate. Spikes of flowers
compound, unilateral, recurved at top, usually forming pyra-
midal panicles ; spikelets, bracteate. Corolla blue, violaceous,
or white.
§ I . Shrubs. Stamens in all exserted. Natives of the Canary
Islands.
1 E. aculea'tum (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. IOC.
Lehm. asper. p. 405.) stem branched, whitish ; leaves sessile,
linear, very narrow, silky, luU the ribs and margins are spinulose;
panicles short, subglomerate ; spikelets simple. Jj . G. Native
of the Canary Islands. Poir. diet. 8. p. 664. Young branches
beset with prickles, which rise from tubercles. Leaves 2-3 inches
long and 2 lines broad, canescent. Calyx spinulose ; segments
linear, unequal. Corolla white ; limb rather unequal, obtuse.
Pr;c% Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
2 E. GiGANTE^UM (Lin. fil. suppl. 131.) stem branched, hoary
at top : leaves petiolate, lanceolate, attenuated at the base ;
clothed with silky pubescence : having the ribs and margins
hispidly scabrous ; panicles thyrsoid, strigose ; spikelets bifid.
\2 ■ G. Native of Teneriffe, among rocks. Jacq. fil. eclog. p.
93. t. 63. Cav. pi. ciud. Brouss. in ann. cienc. nat. 1801. no.
7. D.C. pi. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 106. Vent. malm. t. 71.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 782. Lehm. asper. p 406. Leaves blunt-
ish, 3-5 inches long, and about J an inch broad, tapering at the
base into lialf stem-clasping petioles. Calycine segments linear,
lanceolate, mucronate, unequal. Corolla white, fading to pur-
plish ; segments obtuse, nearly equal.
Giant Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1779. Shrub
6 to 10 feet.
3 E. mo'lle (Poir. diet. 8. p. 668.) stem branched, wliite ;
leaves subpetiolate, narrow-lanceolate, clothed with silvery
pubescence ; panicles ovate ; spikelets pedunculate, simple. >j .
G. Native of the Canary Islands. Lag. gen. et spec. nov.
diagn. p. 10. D.C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 106. Leiim.
asper. p. 408. Leaves acute, 3-6 inches long, and 6-8 lines
broad, attenuated into somewhat clasping petioles at the base.
Calyx cinereous, from silky down and hairs ; segments nearly
equal, lanceolate. Corolla nearly regular, white ? ; segments
blunt.
Soft Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
4 E. DENSiFLORUM (D. C. Cat. mousp. 1813. p. 108. icon,
hort. monsp. ined. t. 22. exclusive of the synonymes) stem
branched ; branches hoary ; leaves lanceolate, nerved, clothed
with silky hoary down; panicles spike-formed, dense ; spikelets
sessile, simple. >j . G. Native of Tenerifte, or ftladeira.
Lehm. asper. p. 408. E. strictum. Lam. ex Desf. tabl. de I'ecole
bot. 1815. Poir. suppl. 5. |). 486. Flowers from lilac to pale
blue, with white lines, approximating into a dense, cylindrical or
oblong-ovate panicle.
Dense-flowered W^er'iHugXoss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
328
BORAGINE^. XXI. Echium.
5 E. CANDi'cANS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. lai.) stem branched, siib-
tomentose above ; leaves lanceolate, feather-veined, clothed with
silky silvery canescent down ; panicles terminal, conical ; spike-
lets pedunculate, simple. Ij . G. Native of Madeira, on iiigh
rocks. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 44. icon. rar. 1. t. 30. Ait. hort. kew.
ed. 1. vol. 1. p. ISfi. Willd. spec. 1. p. 782. Lehm. asper. p.
409. Ker. hot. reg. t. 44. Leaves tapering to both ends.
Calyx hairy; segments nearly equal, oblong, acute. Corolla
campanulate, blue, pilose at top outside.
H'/iiiiv/i Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1777. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
6 E. CYNOGLossoiDEs (Hort. par. ex Poir. suppl. 5. p. 487.
Rcem et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 17.) stem branched, downy ; leaves
lanceolate, clothed with silk-grey down ; panicle very large,
composed of elongated racemes or spikes. f; . G. Native of
the Canary Islands. This species is very nearly related to E.
candiccms, but differs in the size of the panicle, and in the down
being cinereous. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 2 broad, attenu-
ated into the petioles at the base. Panicles pilose. Calycine
segments acute. Corolla blue ; limb obtuse.
Hound' s-tongue-like Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1818. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
7 E. FASTUosUM (Jacq. fil. eclog. no. 41. p. 61 . t. 41 . Lehm.
asper. p. 410.) stem branched, rather villous above ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, acuminated, veiny, beset with soft hairs, ciliated ;
panicle thyrsoid, ovate, large, dense ; spikelets pedunculate, sim-
ple, y^ . G. Native of the Canary Islands. E. candicans.
D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 107. Leaves pale green,
clothed with soft white hairs. Calyx hairy ; segments narrow-
lanceolate, acute. Corolla campanulate, deen blue.
Proud Viper's Bugloss. Fl. April, Aug. * Clt. 1779. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
8 E. macrophy'li.i;m (Lehm. asper. p. 412.) stem erect ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, obliquely acuminated, veiny, very soft,
nearly glabrous, rather silky, silvery on both surfaces. I7 . S.
Native of the Canary Islands ?. Leaves crowded at the tops of
the stem and branches, from a span to a foot long, and 1 1 to 2
inches broad ; almost as silvery as those of Protea arghitea,
glaucous, green. Flowers unknown.
Long-leaved Viper's Bugtoss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
9 E. FOLiosu.M (Lehm, asper. p. 412.) stem branched, hoary
and pilose above ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, clothed with soft
hairs ; panicles leafy ; peduncles one-half sliorter than the
leaves ; spikelets nearly simple. I; . G. Native of the Canary
Islands?. Leaves pale green, 5-6 inches long, and 1 or H
broad : floral ones 2-3 inches long. Lower spikelets bifid : upper
ones sinqjie. Peduncles and calyxes hairy. Segments of calyx
unequal, lanceolate, acuminated. Corolla campanulate, white ;
segments unequal, obtuse.
Leafy Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
10 E. linea'tum (Jacq. fil. eclog. p. 62. t. 42.) stem branched,
clothed v\'ith white pubescence above ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
hairy, glaucous-green ; spikelets of panicles pedunculate, bifid.
T;. G. Native of the Canary Islands?. Lehm. asper. p. 413.
Lower leaves 3 inches long ; tapering into the stem-clasping
petioles : upper ones gradually shorter. Flowers disposed in a
leafy raceme, formed from axillary spikelets. Calyx hairy ;
segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, marked each with a paler nerve
outside. Corolla canqianulate, bluish white, fading to purple,
nearly equal, elej,'antly marked inside with 5 blue nerves. Sta-
mens with white filaments and blue anthers.
/.inerf-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815.
Shrub 1^ to 2 feet.
11 E. SIMPLEX (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 108. icon.
hort. monsp. ined. t. 21.) stem simple; leaves large, ovate-lan-
ceolate, silky on both surfaces ; panicle long, spike-formed ;
spikelets bifid ; stigma simple. ^ ?. H . G. Native of Teneriffe.
Lehm. asper. p. 415. Stem woody, but nevertheless biennial ;
hardly a foot high, and leafy at top the first year, but in the
second year it lengthens out into a very long, cylindrical, regu-
lar panicle, which is leafy at the base. Flowers white.
S'nnple-stemmed Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
12 E. sTRicTUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 131.) stem branched, hispid
from retrograde pili, or bristles; leaves oblong-lanceolate, very
scabrous, hairy ; spikelets of panicle bifid : when young capitate.
h . G. Native of Teneriffe among rocks. Lam. ill. p. 414.
no. 1868. Jacq. schoenbr. 1. p. 15. t. 35. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 783. Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1st. vol. 1. p. 186. D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. 1813. p. 108. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 182.
I/caves 2-4 inches long, and ^ inch broad, callosely dotted
above, paler and less dotted beneath. Peduncles axillary and
terminal, very hispid ; lower ones 3-4 inches long, becom-
ing gradually shorter to the top. Calycine segments lanceo-
late. Corolla blue, rarely white, sub-campanulate, nearly
regular ; segments acutish : the 2 superior ones broadest.
Anthers blue.
.S';r(c/ Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May. Dec. Clt. 1779. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
13 E. brachya'nthum (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 182. Lehm.
asper. p. 417.) stem branched; branches hairy ; leaves lanceo-
late, veiny, hairy ; spikelets of panicles bifid ; corollas nearly
equal, one half shorter than the calyx, Jj . G. Native of Ma-
deira among rocks. Panicle terminal, ovate, hispid. Calycine
segments narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, unequal. Corolla sub-
campanulate, white, becoming reddish-violet as they fade, pilose
at top outside ; segments roundish.
Short-JIowered Wiper's ]iiig\osii. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 3-5 feet.
14 E. BiFRONs (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 107. icon,
pi. monsp. ined. t. 19.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches pu-
bescent at top ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, downy, attenuated at
both ends ; panicles ovate ; spikelets usually simple. I^ . G.
Native of the Canary Islands. Lehm. asper. p. 418. This very
distinct species is difficult to characterize : the calyxes in the
terminal panicles are equal in length to the corollas, but those in
all the lateral panicles are not one half the length of the corolla,
hence the specific name. Corolla white, fading to red.
rroo'/ocfrf Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
15 E. vire'scens (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 107. ex-
clusive of thesyn. of Jacq Lehm. asper. p. 471.) stem shrubby,
branched ; branches clothed with soft hairs ; leaves lanceolate,
green, hairy ; panicle spike-formed ; spikelets pedunculate, lower
ones bifid, superior ones simple. ^ . G Native of Teneriffe
among rocks. Flowers pale blue, with white lines.
Greeraii/t Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
16 E. AMBiGUUM (D. C cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 107. icon
pi. monsp. ined. t. 20.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches
hispid from bristles ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, hispid ; panicle oblong-ovate ; spikelets bifid ; calycine
lobes equal in length to the corolla. Ij . G. Native of the
Canary Islands. E. candicans. Lam. ill. no. 1866. t. 94. f. 2,
exclusive of the synonynics. A humble shrub, one-half smaller
than E. hifrons, and all the species belonging to the present sec-
tion. Flowers small, from white to flesh-colour.
Ambiguous Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
Sluub 1 to 2 feet.
17 E. nervosum (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 2d. 1810, vol. l.p. 300.)
BORAGINE.E. XXI. Echium.
329
stem shrubby ; leaves lanceolate, nerved, and are, as well as the
branches, silky ; calycine segments linear, bhnitish ; racemes or
panicles ovate ; style hairy, fj . G. Native of Madeira. Flowers
blue or purple ?
jVercerf-leaved Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, August. Clt. 177 7.
Shrub.
§. 2. Cape'nses. Shrubby plants, natives of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers svlitari/, axillary or spicule. Stamens ex-
serted or inclosed.
18 E. FORiiosuM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 163. Lehm. asper. p.
418.) stem branched above, glabrous; leaves narrow-lanceolate,
very scabrous above ; racemes subcyniose ; corollas tubular,
very long. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
E. tubiferum, Poir. diet. 8. p. 6G3. E. grandiflorum, Desf. arb.
1. p. 177. Vent. malm. p. 97. t. 97. Andr. bot. rep. t. 20.
Ker. bot. reg. ISt. Kerner, semp. 5. t. 205. Leaves clasping
the stem at the base, grass-green, 3-4 inciies long, with spinu-
losely denticulated margins. Bracteas subcordate at the base.
Calyx hairy, sub-bilabiate; segments unequal. Corolla equal,
red, ly inch long. Stamens equal in length to the corolla.
Stigma eniarginate.
Beautiful yiper'sBugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
19 E. sca'brum (Lehm. asper. p. 419.) stem hairy above ;
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, scabrous, hispid ; spiiielets terminal,
bipartite ; biacteas falcate, hispid. 1j . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Stem much branched at top ; branches sca-
brous ; branchlets hairy. Leaves beset with adpressed strigae,
1 to 1 J inches long. Calycine segments acute, lanceolate, rather
unequal, hairy. Corolla irregular, large, blue. Stamens length
of corolla.
Scabrous Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
20 E. FRUTicosuM (Lin. spec. p. 199.) stem tomentose ;
leaves lanceolate-spatulate, acutish, clothed with silky villi ;
spikelets crowded, corymbose. I^ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Berg. pi. cap. p. 39. Willd. spec. 1. p. 781.
Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1st, vol. 1. p. 186. Ker, bot. reg. 86.
E. Africanum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 163. — Comm. hort. 2. p. 107.
t. 54. Stem branched. Spikelets usually bipartite, hairy. Caly-
cine segments acute, nearly equal. Corolla (jurple, witii rather
unequal segments. Stamens a little longer than the corolla.
far. ji, majus (Thunb. fl. cap. prod. p. 33.) stem, as well as
the leaves, which are oblong, silky ; spikelets alternate, pedun-
culate. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
more spatulate, bluntish, and twice the size of those of the species.
.JAruftft^ Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
21 E. arge'ntebm (Lin. mant. p. 202. Lehm. asper. p. 421.)
stem branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute, reflexed at the apex,
clothed with silky pili : margins of the floral ones setosely
prickly ; spikes terminal, simple, leafy. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Berg. cap. p. 40. Lam. ill. p. 413. no.
1862. Andr. bot. rep. 154. Thunb. prod. fl. cap. p. 33. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 783. E. fruticosum, Jacq. schoenbr. I. t. 34.
Branches hoary, from copious adpressed pili, hispid above from
stiff bristles. Lower leaves li inch long. Calyx^ hispid, with
unequal segments ; the two lateral ones larger, and keeled.
Corolla blue, campanulately tubular; segments unequal, obtuse.
Stamens unequal ; the 2 lower ones longer than the corolla, the
rest inclosed. Plant canescent.
Var. fi,ferox (Lehm. asper. p. 422.) stem shrubby; branches
and leaves prickly ; flowers spicate ; corollas nearly equal.
VOL. IV.
(j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. ferox, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 163. E. ferocissimum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 39. E. ar--
genteum. Roth. bot. abh. p. 25.
Silcery Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789, /3. 1794.
Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
22 E. glaucophy'llum (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 325. icon. rar. 2.
p. 10. t. 312.) stem branched ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, with
callosely scabrous edges, glaucous ; spikelets bipartite, bracteate.
^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lehm. asper. p.
423. Andr. bot. rep. t. 165. E. laavigatum. Lam. ill. p. 413.
no. 1863. but not of Thunb. E. glabrum, Thunb. in .Schrad.
journ. bot. 1803. p. 38. prod. fl. cap. p. 33. Stem quite
glabrous. Leaves sessile, acute, 1^ inch long, scabrous from
white callous dots on the edges. Spikelets panicled, terminal,
and from the axils of the leaves. Calyx glabrous, with lance-
olate segments, which are edged with callous dots. Corolla
violaceous ; limb almost regular. Stamens unequal, longer than
the corolla.
Glaucous-leaved Viper's B\xg\oss. Fl. July. Clt. 1792. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
23 E. LjEviga'tum (Lin. spec. p. 199. Thunb. prod. p. 33.)
stem siiDple, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, spinu-
losely ciliated on the margins ; spikes terminal, compound ;
spikelets simple, very short. Ij ■ ^- Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lehm. asper. p. 424. Willd. spec. 1. p. 785. ex-
clusive of the syn. of Jacq. Leaves ciliated with distant white
bristly strigae, and with callous dots along the midrib beneath.
Calycine segments strigose along the margins and middle nerves.
Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb nearly equal, obtuse. Stamens
much exserted, declinate, unequal. Stigma simple. Corollas
blue.
;5'moo/A Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
24 E. panicula'tum (Thunb. in Schrad. journ. 1806. p. 41.
prod. p. 3S.) stem branched; branches elongated, angular, and
downy above ; leaves lanceolate, hispid, spinulosely ciliated ;
spikelets panicled. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 784. Lehm. asper. p. 425. Branchlets sub-
fastigiate, hispid, and compressedly angular. Leaves about an
inch long, with diaphanous cilise, which rise from papillae. Pani-
cle terminal. Calyx 5-angled ; segments acute, having the an-
gles and edges hispidly ciliated. Corolla white, regular ; limb
bluntish. Stamens unequal, twice as long as the corolla.
Fanicled-dowereil Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1815. Shrub 2-3 feet.
25 E. Swa'rtzii (Lehm. asper. p. 426.) stem branched at
top, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous, furnished with
callous dots on the margins, but when young hispidly ciliated :
spikelets terminal, bifid or trifid. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. E. angustifolium, Swartz in litt. Branchlets
scabrous. Leaves sessile. Bracteoles hispid. Calyx hispid,
with unequal lanceolate segments. Corolla irregular, blue,
rather large. Stamens exserted.
Stvartz's Viper's Bugloss. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
26 E. gla'brum (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 22.) stem branched ;
leaves narrow-lanceolate, somewhat falcate, glabrous above, but
beset with callous dots beneath : uppermost leaves, as well as
the calyxes pilose, or strigose ; spikelets alternate. I; . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Lehm. asper. p. 427. Andr.
bot. rep. t. 165. E. falcatum. Lam. ill. p. 413.no. 1864. E.
Vahlii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 14. Branches purplish,
beset with adpressed villi. Leaves an inch long. Spikelets
erect, 2 inches long, leafy, from the axils of the upper leaves.
Calyx pilose, with lanceolate unequal segments. Corolla irre-
U u
330
BORAGINEiE. XXI. Echium.
gnlar, white. Stamens unequal, the 2 lower ones longer than
the corolla, the rest shorter. Stigma sub-capitate, somewhat
2-lobed.
G/a6roMi Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Cit. 1791. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
27 E. TRiGONUM (Thunb. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1806. p. 42.
prod. p. 33.) stem branched, villously hispid above ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, obtuse, canaliculate, very numerous, strigosely
pilose ; stamens inclosed. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lehm. asper. p. 428. Willd. spec. 1. p. 784. Leaves
somewhat imbricated, keeled below, very soft and canescent
while young. Spii^elets terminal, few-flowered. Calyx hoary,
villous, with lanceolate obtuse segments. Corolla large, pilose
outside, with an obtuse limb. Stamens unequal, about the length
of the corolla. Stigma simple.
Trigonal Viper's Bugloss. Shrub.
28 E. VERRUcosuM (Swartz, in litt. ex Lehm. asper. p. 429.)
stem branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, incumbent, much crowd-
ed, liispid, but papillosely setose beneath ; spikelets panicled.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches hoary
and hairy. Leaves numerous, an incli long. Spikelets forming
a terminal crowded panicle. Calyx hairy and hoary, with linear
acute segments. Corolla white, rather irregular. Genitals
exserted.
Waited Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822.
Shrub.
29 E. capita'tum (Lin. mant. p. 42.) stem branched, pilose ;
leaves lanceolate, hispid ; flowers equal, disposed in capitate
corymbs ; calyxes hoary. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Thunb. prod. p. 33. Lam. ill. p. 414. no. 1869.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 785. Lehm. asper. p. 430. E. hispidum,
Burm. cap. p. 4. Leaves numerous, I to 1^ inch long. Pedun-
cles terminal and axillary, pilose ; lower ones the longest. Brac-
teas hispid. Calyx pilose, with linear equal segments. Corolla
red, equal, funnel-shaped, small, with ovate segments. Stamens
twice as long as the corolla. Style bifid at apex.
C'apito^e-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
30 E. sph;eroce'phalum (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 22. Lehm. asper.
p. 431.) stem branched, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, sub-imbri-
cated, convex and strigose beneath ; heads of flowers terminal,
solitary, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. ca-
pitatum, var. sphserocephalum, Lam. ill. 1. p. 414. no. 1865.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 13. Branches angular, and hispid
at top. Leaves sessile, half stem-clasping, obtuse, hardly a nail
in length, pilose above and on the margins, but strigose beneath.
Bracteas ciliated. Calyx pilose, with linear segments. Corolla
equal, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens fleshy, much
longer than the corolla.
Round- fiAadcd Viper's Bugloss. Shrub.
31 E, RosMARiNiFOLiuM (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 22.) stem pilose;
leaves petiolate, linear, with revolute edges, pilose, and canescent
beneath ; spikelets terminal, simple. h . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lehm. asper. p. 432. Branches tomen-
tose below, and clothed with white villi above. Peduncles and
calyxes pilose. Calycine segments linear, unequal. Corolla
nearly regular ; tube pilose from the middle to the limb. Geni-
tals inclosed.
Rosemary-leaved Viper's Bugloss. Shrub.
32 E. STRiGosuM (Swartz, in litt. ex Lehm. asper. p. 432.)
stem hoary, villous : leaves lanceolate, obtuse, keeled, strigose on
both surfaces ; spikelets terminal, bipartite. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves an inch long ; when young,
hoary. Bracteas and calyxes hispid. Calycine segments lance-
olate, nearly equal. Corolla large, violaceous ; limb rather un-
equal. Stamens exserted.
)S'?)v,ffose Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
33 E. TRicHOTOMUM (Thuub. in Schrad journ. bot. 1806. p.
39. prod. p. 33.) stem glabrous at bottom, somewhat trichoto-
mously branched ; leaves linear, very numerous, hoary, villous ;
spikelets terminal, bipartite, divaricate. ^2 ■ G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lehm. asper. p. 433. Willd. spec. 1. p.
784. Stem purplish. Branches glabrous : when young simple,
or tripartite, bifid at apex, villous and hoary. Leaves alter-
nate, opposite, and 3 in a whorl; j an inch long, keeled. Flow-
ers on short pedicels ; bracteas ovate, acute. Calyx hoary,
very villous, with linear acute segments. Corolla white : limb
irregular. Stamens much exserted.
Trwlwtor)ious-hriLncheii Viper's Bugloss. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
34 E. HISPIDUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 40. prod. p. 33.) stem gla-
brous, branched ; branches and leaves hispid ; leaves lanceolate ;
spikelets terminal, rather compound. f^ • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. I. p. 784. Leiim. asper.
p. 433. Leaves sessile, an inch long, bluntish. Spikelets ter-
minal, many-flowered. Bracteas linear-lanceolate, hispid. Calyx
hispid, with erect, acute segments. Corolla white, regular.
Stamens about as long as the corolla, or a little longer.
//ujjjrf Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
35 E. Lu'ciDUM (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1827.) stem shrubby,
branched ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, quite glabrous, shining,
ciliated at the base ; spikes terminal, aggregate, thyrsoid, very
villous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem
sufTruticose, branched from the base. Leaves sessile, bluntish.
Corolla funnel-shaped, hardly longer than the calyx, pilose out-
side, unequal ; segments obtuse, longer than the calyx. Stamens
unequal, inclosed. Stigma simple. Nuts papillose.
SltiningWTper's Bugloss. Shrub.
36 E. LASioPHYLLUM (Link. enum. 1. p. 170.) stem beset
with adpressed hairs; leaves lanceolate, apiculated, silky;
spikelets short ; corollas nearly equal : stamens about equal in
length to the corolla, but the style is longer. Tj . G. Native
of tiie Cape of Good Hope ? E. longifolium, Hort. but not of
Delile. Leaves hoary and soft from incumbent hairs. Spikes
few-flowered, not curved. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate,
about equal in length to the corolla. Corolla pilose outside,
white, with a rounded limb. Filaments glabrous.
/Foo/Z?/-leaved Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
§. 3. Stems herbaceous ; but in a ferv of the species they are
woody at the base.
37 E. Cauda' TUM (Thunb. in Schrad. journ. 1806. p. 43.
prod. p. 33. Lin. fil. suppl. p. 132.) stem simple, villous, woody
at the base ; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, superior ones lance-
olate, all hispid or strigose ; spike terminal, ovate-oblong, com-
pound ; stamens unequal, exserted. %. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 786.
Lehm. asper. p. 436. Stem purplish. Radical leaves an inch
broad, petiolate ; lower cauline ones sessile, 2-3 inches long.
Spike 2-3 inches long. Calycine segments linear, beset with
silky pili on the margins and back. Corolla small, red, irre-
gular.
y^W Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Plant
1 to 2 feet.
38 E. spicA^TUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 41, 42. prod. p. 33.) stems
herbaceous, simple, pilose ; leaves lanceolate-linear, hairy : hairs
BORAGINE^. XXI. Echium.
331
spreading ; spikes terminal, compound, linear-oblong ; stamens
exscrted. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy
places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 786. Lam. ill. 1. p. 41i(. no. 1861.
Burni. cap. p. 5. Root fleshy, fusiform, purplisli. Stems 2 or
more from the same root, purplish. Radical leaves 2-3 hands
long, rosulale, nearly as long as the flowering stem, petiolate ;
cauline leaves sessile, 2-3 inches long, acuminated. Spikes a
finger to 2 hands long. Bracteas subulate. Calyx clothed with
silvery villi ; segments oblong-linear, obtuse. Corollas small,
white.
Spicate-^owered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. March, May. Clt.
1799. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
39 E. inca'num (Thunb. 1. c. p. 39. prod. p. 33.) stem her-
baceous, simple, canescent ; leaves linear-ensiform, rather sca-
brous, clothed with adpressed hairs, canescent ; raceme spicate,
linear. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Swart-
land, in sandy places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 786. Lehm. asper.
p. 436. Leaves a span long, attenuated, and a little sheathing
at the base : cauline ones lanceolate : uppermost ones an inch
long. Racemes from a finger to a span long, composed of spike-
lets. Peduncles and pedicels very short. Calycine segments
linear, obtuse, hoary and hairy. Corolla irregular, blue.
Hoary Viper's Bugloss. Pi. 1 to 1| foot.
40 E. ACUTiFOLiuM (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 437.)
stem herbaceous, simple ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, clothed
with white villi ; racemes terminal, composed of nearly sessile
spikelets ; corolla nearly equal ; stamens exserted. 1/ . H.
Native of Persia, in exposed places of woods. Root nearly
simple, dark purple. Stem strigose. Radical leaves petiolate :
cauline ones sessile. Bracteas pilose, linear-lanceolate. Calyx
clothed with white villi; segments linear, rather unequal.
Corolla villous outside ; segments obtuse. Stigma sub-capitate.
Acute-leaved Viper's Bugloss. PL 1 to 2 feet.
41 E. TiivRSoiDEUM (Vent. malm. p. 98, in a note.) stem
herbaceous, simple, hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, very rough ;
flowers thyrsoid ; corolla unequal ; stamens exserted. If. . H.
Native country unknown. Poir. diet. 8. p. 670. Lehm. asper.
p. 431. Stem hispid. Leaves strigose above, and pilose below :
lower ones S-5 inches long : superior ones narrower, and gra-
dually shorter. Spikelets approximate at top, forming a termi-
nal thyrse ; lower ones 3 inches long. Calyx hispid, with linear
segments. Corolla bluish, villous outside ; with ovate, nearly
equal segments.
T/i?/rioi(/-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. If to 2^ feet.
42 E. ru'brum (Jacq. fl. austr. 5. append, p. 27. t. 3.) stems
herbaceous, simple, hispid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid ;
spike terminal, compound, very long ; corollas nearly regular ;
stamens exserted. $ . H. Native of Austria, Hungary, Tran-
sylvania, Tauria, Siberia, and Caucasus, in exposed fields. Lehm.
asper. p. 439. Bieb. fl. caue. 1. p. 135. Sims, hot. mag. t.
1826. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 130 E. Rossicum, Gmel. syst.
2. p. 323. E. Cr^ticum, Pall. ind. taur. E. Italicum, Gmel.
itin. 1. p. 119. t. 19.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 27. f. 2. — Clus.
hist. 2. p. 1 64. f. 2. Root woody. Stem usually solitary.
Flowers in nearly sessile axillary fascicles, the whole forming a
compoimd terminal spike, from f to H foot long. Calyx hispid,
with unequal linear segments. Corolla red, 3 times longer than
the calyx, with downy lines outside ; segments of the limb un-
equal, obtuse. Stigma simple.
TJerf-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1791.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
43 E. clava'tum (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 440.)
stem herbaceous, nearly simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, stri-
gose ; spike terminal, compound, very short ; corolla tubularly
elavate, unequal; stamens exserted. %, H. Native at the
river Uruch. Root woody. Stem hispid. Radical and lower
cauline leaves petiolate, 3-4 inches long ; upper cauline leaves
sessile. Spikelets of flowers sessile, forming a terminal spike.
Calyx strigose, with subulate unequal segments. Corolla downy
outside. Stigma emarginate, sub-bilobed.
C/«ca<e-flowered Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
44 E. PAPILLOSUM (Lehm. asper. p. 4tl.) stem herbaceous,
simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, obtuse,
papillosely strigose ; spikelets axillary, sessile, short, reflexed ;
corolla rather unequal; stamens exserted. %. H. Native of
Siberia. Sy'mphytum secundum, Gmel. syst. 2. p. 320. itin.
3. t. 36. f. 2. Stem rather angular, beset wiih soft strigsc.
Lower cauline leaves 2-3 inches long, obovate-oblong, becoming
gradually smaller and narrower as they ascend. Calyx pilose,
hoary, with lanceolate segments. Corolla downy outside. Stigma
simple.
Papillose Viper's Bugloss. PL \\ to 2 feet.
45 E. glomera'tum (Poir. diet. 8. p. 670.) stem woody at the
base, simple, strict, hispid ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rough ;
raceme spike-formed, very long, composed of glomerate spike-
lets ; corolla nearly equal ; stamens exserted. l/.H. Native of
Syria. Lehm. asper. p. 442. Stem angular, canescent. Leaves
canescent, beset with adpressed strigse : lower ones a span long :
upper ones 2-4 inches long, and 2-3 lines broad, becoming gra-
dually shorter as they ascend. Raceme constituting the greater
part of the stem. Bracteas with setose margins. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate-linear, with hisj:id edges. Corolla white,
regular. Style bifid at top.
Glomerale-racemeii. Viper's Bugloss. PL 2 to 4 feet.
46 E. Ita'licum (Lin spec. 200.) stem, herbaceous, simple,
strict ; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid from striga; ; raceme very
long, spike-formed, composed of bifid dense-flowered spikelets;
corolla nearly equal ; stamens exserted. $ . H. Native of
Spain, south of France, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Transyl-
vania, Greece, Tauria, Eastern Caucasus, Iberia, and Jersey,
in waste fields. All. fl. ped. no. 180. Suter, fl. helv. 1. p. 108.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 2081. Lapeyr. abr. p. 89. Smith, prod. fl.
grsec. 1. p. 124. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 231. E. asperrimum,
Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 135. exclusive of the synonymes of Lam.
and Sabat. E. altissimum, Jacq. fl. austr. 5. p. 35. app. t. 16.
E. linearifolium, Moench. meth. suppl. p. 149. — Hall. helv. no.
604. Stems many from the same root, beset with dark purple
dots, and spreading stiff" hairs. Calyx hispid, with linear rather
unequal segments. Corollas white, or pale violet, pilose outside ;
segments ovate obtuse. Style bifid at apex.
Var. f}. luteum (Lehm. asper. p. 444.) stem simple; leaves lan-
ceolate, very hairy ; corolla nearly regular ; stamens exserted.
$ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. E. lilteum, Lapeyr. abr. p.
91. Flowers yellow.
Var. y ; leaves softer and more villous ; flowers nearly ses-
sile. $ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. E. Italicum, /3. Lepeyr,
abr. p. 89. " Echium, corollis vix calycem excedentibus mar-
gine villosis." Lin. hort. ups. p. 35.
Italian Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July. Britain. PL 2 to 4 feet.
47 E. Pyrena'icum (Lin. mant. p. 334.) stem herbaceous,
branched, hispid from strigae ; branches ascending pyramidal,
panicled ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; spikelets elongated ; flowers
rather distant ; corolla nearly equal ; stamens exserted. ^ . H.
Native of the South of France ; Upper Italy ; Lower Pyrenees ;
and about Tangiers and Algiers. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 164.
D. C. syn. no. 2708. fl. gall. 6. p. 418. Willd. enum. 1. p.
187. Lehm. asper. 445. E. pyramidale, Lapeyr. abr. p. 90.
fl. pyr. t. 66. E. asperrimum. Lam. ill. no. 1854. Pers. ench.
1. p. 164. E. Itahcum, var. y. Willd. spec. 1. p. 7S7. E. Ita-
licum, var. /3. Lin. spec. p. 201. E. Italicum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p.
451. E. laevigatum, ji. Vittm. summ. 1. p. 398. Murray, syst.
u u 2
332
BORAGINEiE. XXI. Echium.
15. p. 196 Stem and branches beset with dark purple dots and
spreading stiff hairs. Leaves hispid, from strigae, deep green.
Spikelets conjugate on the top of the stem and branches, axil-
lary. Calyx hispid, with linear almost unequal segments.
Corolla white or pale violet, villous outside, with lanceolate,
obtuse segments. Style bifid at apex. Nuts beaked.
Pyrenean Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI.
H to 2 feet.
"48 E. margarita'ceum (Lehm. asper. p. 446.) stem herba-
ceous, branched, very hispid from bristles ; leaves lanceolate,
bristly : bristles rising from large tubercles ; spikelets almost
simple, elongated ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla,
which is tubular. 0. H. Native of Egypt. E. Rauwolfii
Delile, fl. egypt. t. 1 9. f 3. Spikelets usually solitary, rarely con-
jugate, very long and very hispid. Calyx hispid, with lanceolate,
unequal segments. Corolla rather unequal, white ; pilose outside.
Pearl Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1| to 2 feet.
49 E. Menzie'sii (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 29.) stem herbaceous,
erect, beset with retrograde strigse ; leaves sessile, acute, very
hispid : lower ones narrow-lanceolate : superior ones ovate-lan-
ceolate ; racemes many-flowered, imbricate, hispid ; stamens
much shorter than the corolla, which is small and somewhat
tubular. $ . H. Native of the North-west coast of America.
Stems herbaceous, erect, angular, Ih foot, branched. Leaves
obscurely 3-nerved. Racemes secund, simple, terminal, bract-
less. Calyx very hispid, witli equal linear segments. Corolla
glabrous, yellowish ; having 3 of its lobes twice the breadth of
the rest. Nuts ovate, trigonal, wrinkled.
Menziess Bugloss. PI. l|^ foot.
50 E. FLAVLM (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 164. t. 45.) stem herbace-
ous, simple ; leaves lanceolate, very hairy ; raceme terminal,
spike-formed ; spikelets simple, dense ; corolla almost regular ;
stamens exserted. $ . H. Native of Atlas, near Tlemsen.
Lehm. asper. p. 447. The whole plant is covered with nume-
rous yellowish hairs. Racemes very numerous, axillary, twisted
into a spire, but erect while in fruit. Calycine segments subu-
late. Corolla yellow ; tube slender, arched ; limb obtuse.
Stigmas bifid.
I'fZW-flowered Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
51 E. i-ustula'tum (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. gra;c. l.p. 125.
fl. graec. t. 180.) stem herbaceous, nearly simple, tubercularly
hispid, as well as the leaves ; leaves linear-oblong, repand ;
spikelets simple, spreading ; stamens about equal in length to
the corolla, which is irregular. $ . H. Native of Sicily.
Lehm. asper. p. 448. Hairs or strigae very long, shining, rising
from large white tubercles, giving the plant a canescent appear-
ance. Tubercles on the stem blackish. Root fusiform. Calyx
hispid, with nearly equal linear segments. Corolla large, sub-bi-
labiate, blue, or violaceous, before expansion red, marked with
pilose lines outside. Style bifid at apex.
Pustulate Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1 to 1|^ foot.
52 E. VOLGA RE (Lin. spec. p. 200. fl. suec. ed. 2d. no. 168.)
stem herbaceous, usually simple, strigose ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, hispid ; raceme terminal, spike-formed, very long, composed
of spreading simple spikelets ; corolla irregular ; stamens ex-
serted. $ . H. Native throughout Europe to Caucasus ; also
of North America, by way sides, and in waste fields and places;
plentiful in some parts of Britain. Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2d. 1. p.
129. All. ped. no. 181. Moench, meth. p. 422. Vill. dauph.
2. p. 448. Sut. fl. helv. l.p. 108. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 135.
Bess. fl. gall. 1. p. 154. Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 135. engl.
bot. t. 181. Oed. fl. dan. t. 445. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 18. with
a figure. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 130. Blackw. t. 299. —
Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 27. f. 1.— Riv. tab. t. 7. f 2.— Sabb.
roni. 2. I. 96. and a monstrous variety, t. 97. Root branched.
Stems many from the same root, covered with black tubercles.
furnished with axillary spikelets from the middle to the top, the
whole forming a very long raceme. Radical leaves rosulate,
obtuse. Calyx hispid, with unequal segments. Corolla downy
outside, fine purple before expansion, afterwards of a violet blue
colour. Style bifid at apex. Nuts wrinkled, lubercled.
Var. (i. stem branched from the base, spreading, and often
decumbent; stamens longer. S . H. Native of Britain. E.
vulgare, /3, Smith, fl. brit. 1. c. E. violaceum, Schmidt, fl.
bohem. no. 203. p. 3.
Var. y. albiflorum (Roth, 1. c. and others.) flowers white.
Common Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
53 E. tubercula'tum (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 183.)
stem herbaceous, simple, upright, tubercularly hispid, as well as
the leaves; leaves lanceolate-linear, with revolute margins;
spikelets simple, erect, strict ; stamens about equal in length to
the corolla, which is irregular. 7/ ?. ^ . H. Native of Portu-
gal ; by way sides, particularly about Lisbon and Coinibra.
Root branched. Superior leaves sessile, 1-3 inches long, and
3-4 lines broad. .Spikelets axillary and terminal, dense, pedun-
culate. Calyx very hispid, with linear segments. Corolla blue,
pilose outside. Style bifid at top.
TiiftercM/ar Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI.
li to 2 feet.
54 E. Lusita'nicum (Royen, lugdb. p. 407. Lin. spec. p.
200.) stems herbaceous, simple, hairy; leaves lanceolate, attenu-
ated at the base, acute, rather villous ; spikelets simple, alternate,
erectly spreading ; corolla nearly equal ; stamens exserted, 2 of
which are very long. % . H. Native of Portugal, in sandy
places. Lehm. asper. 450. Willd. spec. 1. p. 789. Pers. ench.
1. p. 164. Mill. diet. no. 4. E. Italicum, Brot. fl. lus. 1.
p. 290. Hoftm. et Link, fl. port. 1 . p. 1 85. Root branched.
Stems many from the same root. Radical leaves rosulate, canes-
cent, 1 foot long, and 2 inches broad, on short petioles : cauline
ones sessile, gradually nnrrower and shorter. Spikelets simple,
numerous, pedunculate, axillary, covering the stem almost from
the base to the top. Peduncles and calyxes strigosely hispid,
the hairs rising from blackish tubercles. Calycine segments
equal, lanceolate, acuminated. Corolla funnel-shaped, pilose
outside ; limb blue, painted with violet lines, bluntish. Style
bifid at apex.
PoWwga/ Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
55 E. viola'ceum (Lin. mant. p. 42.) stem herbaceous,
branched ; lower leaves oblong : upper ones lanceolate, cordate
at the base, stem-clasping, hispid from striga; ; spikelets simple,
elongated ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla, which
is irregular. ©. H. Native of the South of Germany, Spain,
France, Italy, Transylvania, and in the South of Tauria, &c.
Retz. obs. fasc. 2. p. 9. Willd. spec. 1. p. 788. Bieb. fl. cauc.
1. p. 422. D. C. syn. fl. fr. p. no. 2709. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. lot.
Baumg. fl. trans, l.p. 131. Lapeyr. abr. p. 91. E. Cretlcum,
Lam.ill.no. 1857. Lapeyr. abr. p. 91. Root fusiform. Stem
hispid, from strigfe. Lower leaves obtuse, tapering into the
petioles at the base : cauline ones acuminated. Calyx pilose,
with unequal, narrow-lanceolate, ciliated, spreading segments.
Corollas large, violet or pale blue, striated, beset with scattered
hairs. Style bifid at apex.
Violaceous-^oviereA Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1658. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
56 E. oricnta'le (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 43. spec. 200.) stem
herbaceous, branched ; branches ascending, pyramidal : leaves
oblong lanceolate : uppermost ones cordate, ovate, soft on both
surfaces from dense pili ; stamens shorter than the corolla,
which is large. $ . H. Native of the Levant. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 789. Lam. ill. p. 413. no. 1859. E'chium orientale, Vesbas-
BORAGINEiE. XXL Echium.
333
ci folio, flore maxinio campanulato, Tour. itin. 2. p. 107. t.
107- — Trevv. pi. rar. 1. t. 1 ?. Root fusitbnn, fibrous. Stem
pilose. Leaves pale green ; radical and lower cauline ones a foot
and more long : the rest gradually shorter as they ascend.
Spikelets axillary and terminal, simple. Calyx hairy ; with lan-
ceolate, acute, segments. Corolla large, purplish blue, with a
rather curved tube, and obtuse limb. Style bifid at apex.
Eastern Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. C'lt. 1780. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
57 E. GRANDiFLORUM (Desf fl. atl. 1. p. 16G. t. 46.) stem
herbaceous, nearly simple, pilosely strigose ; leaves ovate-oblong,
clothed with downy tomentum : floral ones ovate-lanceolate ;
spikelets simple, erect ; corolla 4 times longer than the calyx ;
stamens inclosed. ©. H. Native of Barbary and Cyrenaica.
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 183. Lehm. asper. p. 456. E. ma-
cranthum. Rocni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 20. Leaves bluntish :
lower ones drawn out into petioles : middle and upper ones
sessile, 2-3 inches long, becoming gradually shorter as they
ascend. Spikelets terminal, and from the axils of the superior
leaves. Bracteas clasping, hispid. Calyx pilose or hispid, with
linear-subulate segments. Corolla large, nearly an inch long,
violaceous, striated, pubescently pilose outside, particularly at
the stria;. Style bifid at apex.
Great-Jlomered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1| foot.
58 E. PLANTAGiNEUM (Lin. mant. p. 202.) stem herbaceous,
erect, paniculately-branched ; radical leaves petiolatc, ovate-
oblong, lined ; cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate, beset with long
incumbent hairs ; stamens hardly equal in length to the corolla,
which is irregular. ©. H, Native of Greece, Portugal, South
of France, Italy, Montevideo, &c. All. ped. no. 138? Smith,
prod. fl. grwc. 1. p. 124. fl. graec. t. 179. Jacq. hort. vind.
1. t. 45. D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2711. St. Hil. pi. usuell. bras. t.
25. Hdffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 186. Poir. diet. 8. p. 671.
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p 182. Lehm. asper. p. 457. E. planta-
ginoides, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 19. — Barrel, icon. 1026.
obs. 145. E. amplissimo folio Lusitanicum, Tourn. inst. p. 135.
— E. orientale, folio oblongo moUi et cinericio, Tourn. cor. p. 6.
Root fusiform, reddish brown. Stems many from the same
root, soft to the touch at the base, but scabrous above. Radical
leaves obtuse, 2-3 inches long, and 1 to Ig broad: cauline ones
stem-cl.Tsping : uppermost ones acute. Flowers large, showy,
disposed in solitary, many-flowered, pedunculate spikelets.
Calyx hispid ; with linear lanceolate, nearly equal segments.
Corolla lar^je, purplish-violet, rarely white, red before expansion;
limb sub-bilabiate, obtuse. Filaments glabrous. Style bifid at
apex.
Plantain-like Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1779.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
59 E. Bentha'mii (Wall. cat. no. 931.) plant thickly clothed
with strigose pili ; radical leaves long, lanceolate, tapering at
both ends, acuminated, 5-nerved ; stems simple, naked from the
base to the spike of flowers : lower bracteas ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, gradually diminishing in size to the top of the spike:
calycine segments very long, linear, very villous. If. . H. Native
of the East Indies, at Buddrinath. Leaves 1 to 1 J foot long.
.Spike solitary, a foot long. Corolla not seen.
Bcntham's Viper's Bugloss. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
60 E. e'legans (Lehm. asper. p. 459.) stem herbaceous, erect,
branched at the base, pilosely hispid ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
hispid, somewhat repand ; stamens a little longer than the
corolla, which is irregular. $ . H. Native in the fields of
Naples. E. hispidum. Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. 125. fl. graec. t.
181. E. Sibthorpi, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 26. The
whole plant is canesccnt. Branches beset with red spots. Spike-
lets simple, alternate, many-flowered. Bracteas linear, ovate at
the base. Calycine segments unequal, lanceolate, acute. Corolla
of a fine scarlet colour, pilose at bottom. Filaments glabrous.
Style bifid at apex.
Elegant Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
61 E. Cre'ticum (Lin. spec. 200.) stem herbaceous, diff"use,
very hispid, branched at the base ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, his-
pid ; calyxes while bearing the fruit distant and widened; stamens
inclosed. Q. H. Native of Candia, and throughout the
Grecian Islands, in the sand by the sea-side. Smith, prod. tl.
grasc. 1. p. 126. fl. graec. t. 183. Sims, bot. mag. 1934. Schultes
obs. p. 33. Nocca, in Usteri. ann. bot. 5. stuck, p. 14. Willd.
enum. 1. p. 187. Horn. hort. hafn. l.p. 183. Lehm. asper. p.
460. Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 95. E. riibrum Mocnch. meth. p.
421. E. angustifoliura. Mill. diet. no. 6. E. Cretieum an-
gustifolium rubrum, Tourn. inst. p. I 36. Root slender, brown.
Steins decumbent in the spontaneous plant, but erect when cul-
tivated. Leaves bluntish : radical ones petiolate : cauline ones
sessile : floral ones acute, stem-clasping at the base. Spikelets
simple, axillary, and terminal, many-flowered. Calyx hispid,
with unequal foliaceous segments. Corolla irregular, reddish-
violet, marked by 5 villous lines outside. Style bifid at apex.
Cretan Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1683. PI. 1
to 1 4^ foot.
62 E. floribd'ndum (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 24.) leaves nearly
sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, a little ciliated, downy on both
surfaces : radical ones lanceolate, petiolate : racemes bifid, brac-
teolate ; nuts smoothish : prickles glochidate, disposed in a sim-
ple series along the margins. ©. H. Native of the north-west
coast of America. Stem beset with adpressed hairs. Racemes
axillary, pedunculate, panicled at the top of the stem, many-
flowered. Pedicels pilose : floriferous ones length of calyx,
erect ; but twice that length, and refracted in the fruit-bearing
state. Calycine segments lanceolate, obtuse. Corolla blue,
size of that of M ijosblis palilstris, with roundish segments. Nuts
ovate, acute.
Bundle-flowered Bugloss. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
63 E. Bonarie'nse (Poir. diet. 8. p. 674.) stem herbaceous,
simple, pilose ; lower leaves linear, very narrow : superior ones
dilated at the base, hairy ; stamens hardly exceeding the corolla,
which is large. $ ?. ©?. H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Lehm.
asper. p. 462. Stem somewhat fistular. Leaves stem-clasping,
1 to 2 inches long, obtuse : floral ones subsagittate. Spikes
terminal on long peduncles. Calyx very hispid, with lanceolate,
acuminated segments. Corolla bluish-violet, irregular. Style
glabrous ; stigma bifid.
Buenos Ayrean Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1 foot 1
64 E. ANGUSTiFOLiuM (Lam. ill. p. 412. no. 1856.) stem
herbaceous, simple, erect, hispid ; leaves linear, very narrow,
attenuated at the base, hispid ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx; stamens exserted. 0. H. Native of Spain. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 184. Lehm. asper. p. 462. — Barrel, icon. 1011.
— Bocc. mus. t. 78. f. 3. Hairs rising from white conical tuber-
cles. Leaves bluntish, 3-4 inches long, and about a line in
breadth : lower ones petiolate : upper ones sessile. Spikelets
solitary, pedunculate, terminal, and from the axils of the upper
leaves. Calycine segments subulate. Corolla funnel-shaped,
blue, beset with long, white, stifle hairs above ; segments un-
equal. Style bifid at apex.
Narrow-leaved Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
65 E. Merte'nsii (Lehm. asper. p. 463.) stems woody at
the base, simple, erect, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid,
hoary ; corolla twice as long as the calyx ; stamens equal in
length to the corolla. 1/ . H. Native of Spain. Root fu>i-
form, simple. Stems one or more from the same root, hispid,
hoary. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long, and 1-2 lines broad.
334
BORAGINE^. XXI. Echium.
acutish ; superior ones smaller, all imbricate at the base, and
clasping the stem, with revolute edges. Flowers on short pedi-
cels, disposed in short pedunculate spikelets, the whole consti-
tuting a terminal, compact, oblong raceme. Calyx hoary and
pilose ; with linear, nearly equal segments. Corolla funnel-
shaped, blue, beset with long white hairs ; segments unequal.
Style bifid at apex.
AfeWen^'i Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 to 1 foot.
C6 E. SPATULA^TUM (Viv. fl. libyc. p. 8. t. 9. f. 1.) plant
shrubby, strigose ; leaves long-spatulate ; corolla twice as long
as the calyx ; stamens inclosed. fj . F. Native of Libya, on
the shores of the Great Syrtus. Stem branched from the base.
Leaves tapering into the petioles ; upper ones oblong, sessile.
Flowers disposed in short terminal spikes. Calyx very hispid ;
with linear, acute segments. Corolla violaceous, hairy outside,
ciliated. Stigma emarginate.
Spatulale-\ea\ed Viper's Bugloss. Shrub.
67 E. sETosuM (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 35.) stems woody at the
base, procumbent, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, very his-
pid, hoary; stamens a little longer than the corolla. If.. H.
Native of Egypt. Willd. spec. 1. p. 784. Lehm. asper. p.
464. E. rfibrum, Forsk. descr. p. 41. icon. 2. t. 17. f. 2. —
The whole plant is hoary, and strigosely hispid. Leaves blunt-
ish, sessile : lower ones more than an inch long. Spikelets ter-
minal, solitary ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate. Calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, rather unequal. Corolla irregular, red inside,
and canescent from villi outside. Style bifid at apex.
Bristly Viper's Bugloss. PI. procumbent.
68 E. sEiiicEUM (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 35.) stems woody at the
base, ascending, branched, diffuse ; leaves linear, cuneated,
hoary on both surfaces from incumbent hairs ; stamens much
longer than the corolla. %. H. Native of Egypt. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 783. Lehm. asper. p. 465. — The whole plant is
hoary and pilose. Leaves obtuse : lower ones crow ded, petio-
late, 2-3 inches long ; petioles ciliated, stem-clasping ; upper
leaves gradually shorter, stem-clasping at the base. Flowers
sessile, disposed in terminal, simple, compact spikelets. Caly-
cine segments equal, lanceolate. Corolla irregular, villous out-
side. Style bifid at apex.
Silky Viper's Bugloss. PI. ascending.
69 E. distVchyum (Viv. fl. libyc. p. 8. t. 5. f. 1.) stem
shrubby, decumbent, hispid from adpressed bristles ; leaves
linear, and are, as well as the calyxes and bracteas, strigose ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx ; stamens exserted. 1; . F.
Native of Libya, in the Great Syrtus, on the shores of Penta-
poli. Leaves sessile, with subrevolute edges. Calycine seg-
ments linear. Spikes conjugate. Floral leaves length of
calyxes. Corolla blue, hairy outside, with roundish lobes.
Stigma deeply bifid. Allied to E. sericeum, and E. setbsum.
Two-spiked Bugloss. PI. decumbent. ,
70 E. MARiTiMUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 788. Lehm. asper. p.
466.) stems herbaceous, ascending, simple ; leaves spatulate-
lanceolate, obtuse, villously strigose, cinereous ; stamens about
equal in length to the corolla, which is large. ©. H. Native
of Italy and Sicily, near the sea side ; and in corn-fields of
Tunis. E. maritimum stoechadum, flore maximo coeruleo,
Tourn. inst. p. 136. — Barrel, icon. t. 1012. — Bocc. mus. 2. t.
78. f. 1. Root quite simple. Lower leaves tapering into
petioles, 3 inches long ; superior ones sessile, lanceolate, obtuse.
Spikelets terminal, and from the axils of the upper leaves, dense,
pedunculate. Calyx hoary from numerous hairs, with unequal,
lanceolate segments. Corolla blue, irregular, downy outside ;
segments unequal. Style bifid at apex.
Sea-side Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI.
ascending, 4 to 1 foot long.
71 E. te'nue (Roth. cat. bot. fasc. 2. p. 16.) stems herba-
ceous, erect, branched, slender ; leaves linear-lanceolate, se-
tosely pilose ; stamens unequal, shorter than the corolla, which
is small. ©. H. Native of Barbary, in sandy places. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 164. exclusive of the syn. of Schousb. Lehm. asper.
p. 467. The whole plant, with the exception of the corollas, is
laeset with tubercles, and stiff", dense hairs. Leaves acute, 2-3
inches long, and 3-4 lines broad. Racemes terminal, usually 3,
alternate, dense. Calycine segments lanceolate-linear, nearly
equal, acuminated, connivent. Corolla small, fine blue, re-
ticulately veined, downy outside ; limb oblique, unequal, ob-
tuse.
Far. /3, humile (Lehm. asper. p. 467.) leaves narrow-lanceo-
late, pilose, scabrous, running into the petioles at the base ;
calyxes very hairy. ©. H. Native of Barbary, in sandy
places. E. himile, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 165. Pers. ench. 1. p.
164. Plant tufted, 3-4 inches high. Calycine segments linear-
subulate.
.SYenrfcr Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1
foot.
72 E. pu'milum (Lehm. pug. 1. p. 18.) stem herbaceous,
simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid, hoary ; spikes terminal,
simple, very short ; stamens a little longer than the corolla,
which is large. 1/. H. Native of Egypt. Root rather woody.
Stems 2 inches high, simple, hispid. Leaves obtuse. Spikes
simple, dense, 8-1 2-flowered, at first revolute. Calyx hispid;
segments equal, linear, bluntish. Flowers large for the size of
the plant, irregular, violaceous, pilose outside, S times as long as
the calyx. Stigma bifid.
D7i'arf Bugloss. PI. 2 inches.
73 E. PARVIFLORUM (McEnch. meth. p. 423. Roth, catal.
fasc. 2. p. 14.) stems herbaceous, ascending, branched; leaves
obovate-oblong, bluntish, strigosely pilose ; stamens one half
shorter than the corolla, which is small. ©. H. Native along
the shores of the Mediterranean sea, &c. Pers. ench. 1. p.
164. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 183. Willd. enum. 1. p. 187.
E. calycinum, Viv. fragm. fl. ital. fasc. 1. p. 2. t. 4. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 419. Lois, journ. bot. 2. p. 262. E. prostratum,
Tenore. fl. neap. prod. p. 14. fl. neap. 1. p. 60. t. 12. E. ova-
tum, Poir. diet. 8. p. 666. E. micranthum, Schousb. beob.
maroc. p. 75. E. Lusitanicum, All. ped. no, 182. E. inariti-
mum, Tenore. ^ — Till. hort. pis. p. 56. t. 23. f. 3. — Bocc. mus.
p. 163. t. 132. Root fibrous. Stems many from the same
root, strigosely hispid. Tubercles white, from which hairs rise.
Radical leaves more than 2 inches long, petiolate, as well as the
lower cauline ones : upper cauline ones sessile. Flowers nearly
sessile, disposed in simple, terminal spikes. Calyx hispid, in-
flated, and larger in the fruit-bearing state ; with unequal, lanceo-
late segments. Corolla rather irregular, pale blue, tubular,
pilose outside ; segments roundish-cordate. Style bifid at
apex.
Small-Jlomered Wper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798.
PI. procumbent.
74 E. DiFFu'suM (Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 125. fl. graec.
t. 182.) stems herbaceous, prostrate, diff'use, nearly simple;
leaves linear-subspatulate, setosely strigose ; stamens a little
shorter than the corolla, which is large. ©. H. Native of
Candia. Root thick, rather woody. Stems numerous, hispid.
Leaves 1-2 inches long. Flowers sessile, disposed in terminal,
simple, many-flowered elongated spikes ; bracteas obovate-spa-
tulate, recurved. Calyx bristly, with nearly equal, linear, acute
segments. Corolla irregular, scarlet, beset with white pili out-
side. Style bifid at apex.
Diffuse Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
prostrate.
BORAGlNEiE. XXI. Echium. XXII. Echiochilon.
335
75 E. LONGiFOLinM (Delile. descrip. egypt. 2. t. 16. f. S.)
erect, simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated, strigose ; co-
rolla large ; stamens exserted. 2/ . H. Native of Egypt.
Long- leaved Viper's Bugloss. PI.
7ti E. arena'rium (Guss. sem. liort. Bocc. 1825. ex Linnsea,
4. p. 37.) stem diffuse ; leaves obtuse ; corolla small, tubular ;
calyx hispid from strigse, by which it differs from E. diffusum,
and E.tentte. %. H. Native of the South of Europe.
Sand Bugloss. PI. diffuse.
"I" Species doubtful or hardly known, many of which are probably
synonymous with some of those described above.
77 E. Salma'nticum (Lag. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. 1806.
p. 10.) radical leaves lanceolate; stamens very long, glabrous ;
throat of corolla impervious. 1^. H. Native of Spain, about
Salamanca. Plant hispid.
Salamanca Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1811.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
78 E. Valentinum (Lag. 1. c.) plant strigose; leaves lanceo-
late ; corollas campanulately funnel-shaped, nearly equal, longer
than the calyx ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla.
1/. H. Native of Spain, in the province of Valentia, where it
was gathered by Cavanilies.
Valentia Viper's Bugloss. PI.
79 E. Schiffe'ri (Lang, in syll. soc. reg. ratisb. vol. 2. with
a figure, ex Bull. phil. 18. p. 210.) We know nothing of this
species.
Schiffer's Viper's Bugloss. PI.
80 E. Laga'sce (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 27.) strigose ;
stem panicled at top ; branchlets alternate, terminated by a bifid
spike ; corolla shorter than the calyx ; upper leaves lanceolate,
subpetiolate. i; . H. Native of Spain, near Hispalim. E. pa-
niculatum, Lag. 1. c. but not of Thunb.
Lagasca's Viper's Bugloss. PI.
81 E. elonga'tum (Lam. ill. no. 1855. Poir. diet. 8. p.
669.) stem herbaceous, erect, pilose, forming a long spike at
top ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; stamens exserted.
^.? H. Native country unknown. This species is said to
differ from E. asperrimum, and E. Pyrenaicum, in the long spike ;
in the sessile flowers, small, obliquely truncate corollas, with
short, obtuse, white lobes.
Elongated-s^\keil Viper's Bugloss. PI.
82 E. spine'scens (Med. bot. beob. des jahres. 1783. no. 3%.
Lehm. asper. p. 474.) Nothing is known of this plant but the
name.
Spincscent Viper's Bugloss. PI.
83 E. megala'nthum (Lapeyr. abr. suppl. p. 39.) stem her-
baceous, simple, elongated, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, strigose ;
corolla unequal, rather villous outside, much longer than the
calyx ; pistil longer than the stamens, which are exserted. $ .
H. Native of the Pyrenees ; as well as of Galicia and Jacca,
on the mountains. E. grandiflorum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 90. fl. pyr.
ined. t. 05. E. longistamineum, Pourr. chlor. hisp. no. 611.
Habit of £. altissimmu, Jacq. ; but the stem is only floriferous
at the apex. Corolla irregular, 4 times longer tlian the calyx,
white, ciliated on the edges. Perhaps only a var. E. violdceiim.
See D. C. fl.fr. 6. p. 418.
Large-flowered Viper's Bugloss. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
84 E. Austra'le (Lam. ill. no. 1860. Poir. diet. 8. p. 692.)
stem herbaceous, pilose ; leaves ovate, attenuated at both ends ;
corollas equalling the stamens, which are villous at the apex.
0. H. Native about the Nile, in fields. Poir. diet. 8. p. 692.
D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2710. Pars. ench. 1. p. 164. This spe-
cies is joined by Loiseleur, in fl. gall. 1. p. 1 11 . with E. Luxitd'
nicum ; others have joined it with E. violaceum, E. Creticuni,
and E. grandforum. It is often to be (bund in gardens and
Herbaria under the names of E .violiiccum, and E . Creticiim ; and
is probably the E. Crelicum of Schultes, obs. bot. p. 33. of which
he gives the following diagnosis : "Stem 1-2 feet high, clothed
with canescent hairs. Superior leaves acuminated. Spikes
elongated, leafy, very hispid. Calycine segments straight, acute.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx, rather pilose, violaceous or
purple, irregular. Stamens and style rather pilose ; stigma
bifid. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe."
-Sou/Ziern Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 1 foot.
85 E. LONGiFLoRUM (Du Mont de Courset, bot. cult. 7. suppl.
p. 147. to vol. 3. p. 198.) Nothing is known of this plant but
the name. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Long-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
86 E. i'yramida'tum (Du Mont de Courset, 1. c.) I^ • ^^
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing is known of this
plant but the name.
Pyramidal Viper's Bugloss. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
87 E. brachysta'chyum (Pall, ex herb. Willd. see Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 726.) corollas nearly equal, twice longer
than the calyx ; stamens longer than the corolla ; spikes axil-
lary, usually 5-flowered, sessile ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse,
rough from dots or tubercles, "i^. H. Native of Siberia.
Pallas.
Short-spiked Viper's Bugloss. PI.
88 E. a'lbicans (Schott. fil. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 726.) stem erect, simple, hairy, mixed with long strigje ;
radical leaves broad-lanceolate : cauline leaves linear-lanceolate,
densely strigose ; bracteas and leaves of calyx hispid from long,
ciliated strigte ; corolla pale red, hairy. ^ . ? H. Native near
Tarifa, Schott. Plant white from strigse. Spikes lateral,
much shorter than in E. Ilalicum.
Whitish Viper's Bugloss. PI. erect.
Cull. All the species of E^chium are very elegant when in
flower ; and arc, therefore, worth cultivating in every collection,
particularly the hardy species. The shrubby kinds, being all
greenhouse plants, grow very well in a mixture of loam, sand,
and peat ; and cuttings of them will strike root in the same kind
of soil, under a hand-glass ; but they are more readily increased
by layering down the young shoots, making a small incision with
a knife on the back of each shoot so laid before pegging it down ;
they may be also raised from seeds, which are sometimes pro-
duced in this country. The hardy species grow very well in
common garden soil, in a dry situation ; and they are only to be
increased by seeds, which should be sown in the open ground in
spring ; their treatment is that of other hardy, perennial, bien-
nial, and annual plants. All the hardy kinds are well fitted for
decorating flower borders, from the different shades of their ele-
gant blossoms.
XXII. ECHIOCHPLON (from ex^oy, echion, Bugloss ; and
XfiXoc, cheilos, a lip ; in reference to the bilabiate limb of co-
rolla, and its affinity with Bugloss.) Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 166. t.
47. Lehm. asper. p. 477.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co-
rolla with a slender arched tube, a naked throat, and a bilabiate
limb ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower one somewhat 3-lobed. Sta-
mens 5, inclosed. Nuts 4, 1-celled, glabrous, tubercled, imper-
336
BORAGINEjE. XXII. EcHiocHiLON. XXIII. Nonea.
f'orated at the base, fixed to the bottom of the calyx. — A shrubby
plant, with hairy branches, evergreen, subulate, hispid leaves,
and axillary, sessile, solitary, small blue flowers. This genus
appears to be the connecting link between Boraginece and
Labiat(^.
1. E. FRUTicosuM (Desf. I. c. Delile, fl. Kgypt. 238. Viv.
p. 9.) ^. F. Native of the kingdom of Tunis, near Kerwan :
and on the shores of the Great Syrtus. Stems and leaves tuber-
cular, rather strigose. Branches clothed with white pili. Lower
leaves reflexed : upper ones adpressed to the stem. Corolla
hairy outside ; lobes rounded. Anthers versatile. Style slen-
der ; stigma 2-lobed.
Shrubby Echiochilon. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Onosma, p. SI 7.
XXIII. NO-NEA (named by Moench, after J. P. None, a
German botanist.) Moench. nieth. 420. Med. phil. hot. 1.
p. 31. D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2718, &c. — Oscampia, Moench.
meth. p. 420. Lycopsis, Lehm. asper. 252. — Echioides, Dill.
— Lycopsis species of Lin. and other authors.
LlN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogyn'ia. Calyx 5-cleft, droop-
ing, inflated and campanulate in the fruit-bearing state. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a pervious bearded throat, and a straight
tube. Stamens inclosed. Stigma simple. Nuts 4, 1 -celled,
turbinate, concave, and perforated at the base, fixed to the bot-
tom of the calyx. — Hispid, annual plants ; with terminal, leafy
racemes of flowers. Habit of species of Z-ycop*;*'. Radical leaves
petiolate : cauline ones sessile.
1 N. picTA ; hispid; stems procumbent, much branched;
leaves linear-lanceolate, undulated, obsoletely toothed : floral
ones broadest at the l>ase ; limb of corolla equal, shorter than
the tube. 0. H. Native of Siberia, in sandy deserts at the
Volga, Terek, and Kuma ; in vineyards about Astrachan ; and
in Eastern Iberia ; as well as in the Soongarian desert. An-
chusa picta, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 127. Trev. in schrift. gesell.
nat. freimd. berol. 1817. p. 147. Lehm. asper. 255. Ledeb. fl.
alt. 1. p. 185. Root simple. Floral leaves much longer than
the flowers. Calycine segments unequal, subulate. Corolla
having the tube a little longer than the calyx, pale at bottom,
with a pilose throat, and a blue limb, painted with deeper veins.
Painierf-flowered Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI.
procumbent.
2 N. Ca'spica ; hispid ; stem erect, almost simple ; leaves
lanceolate, or narrow-oblong, attenuated at both ends, entire ;
limb of corolla equal, shorter than the tube. 0. H. Native in
sandy places towards the Caspian Sea ; and in the Soongarian
desert. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 185. Onosraa Caspica, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 775. exclusive of the synon. of Pall. Lycopsis Cas-
pica, Lehm. asper. p. 256. Root fusiform, violaceous. Pedi-
cels shorter than the floral leaves. Calycine segments hairy,
lanceolate-linear, long-acuminated. Corolla one-half longer
than the calyx, purple; tube slender, dilated at top, equal in
length to the limb.
Caspian Nonea. PI. -^ to | foot.
3 N. cilia'ta (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 71.) hispid;
stem simple, erect ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, denticu-
lated : floral ones acuminated ; limb of corolla unequal, nearly
the length of the tube. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Ly-
copsis ciliata, Willd. spec. 1. p. ?S0. Lehm. asper. p. 257.
Root quite simple. Racemes twin, terminal. Floral leaves
longer than the calyx. Calycine segments narrow- lanceolate,
acuminated. Corolla large, yellow ; tube cylindrical, a little
longer than the calyx. Leaves beset with long white pili, espe-
cially on the margins and midrib.
Ciliaied-kuvedi Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. f
to f foot.
4 N. OBTUSIFOLIA ; hispid from pili; stems ascending, sim-
ple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, nearly entire : floral ones
lanceolate, acute ; limb of corolla unequal, one-half shorter than
the tube. 0. H. Native of Cliio. Lycopsis obtusifolia,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 780. Pulmonaria Chia echii folio verrucoso,
calyce vesicario, flore coeruleo, Tourn. cor. p. 6. Root fibrous.
Stems many from the same root. Radical leaves rosulate,
roundish-obtuse : cauline leaves half stem-clasping. Calycine
segments ovate, acute. Corolla blue, one-third longer than the
calyx.
Far. ft. Pulmonaria Lesbia, echii folio verrucoso, calyce
vesicario, flore coeruleo, Tourn. cor. p. 6. ©. H. Native of
Lesbo. This is larger ; the leaves inore hispid, and obsoletely
and remotely toothed, but otherwise very like var. a.
Obtuse-leaved Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. i to
I foot.
5 N. Sibthorpia'na ; hispid from pili ; stems procumbent,
almost simple ; radical leaves oblong-elliptic : cauline ones lan-
ceolate, obtuse, quite entire : floral ones acute, ovate-lanceolate
at the base ; limb of corolla equal, flat, one-half shorter than the
tube. l/.H. Native of Candia, on the Spaciotic mountains.
Anchusa ventricosa. Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 117. fl. graec.
t. 1(19. Viv. fl. libyc. p. 10. t. 4. f. 1. Root fusiform, fibrous.
Stems simple or bifid at top : lateral ones prostrate : middle
ones ascending. Leaves sessile. Flowers sessile, in the axils
of the floral leaves. Calycine segments short, unequal, acute.
Corolla white, ex Smith, violaceous or blue, ex Viv., small,
having the tube a little longer than the calyx, and the throat
bearded ; processes in the throat ciliately fringed. Style ex-
ceeding the corolla. This and A'^. alpestris are probably species
oi Anchusa, from the throat of the corolla being furnished with
fringed processes.
Sibthorp's Nonea. PI. procumbent.
6 N. alpe'stris ; hispid ; stems ascending, simple ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, erosely toothed ; limb of corolla
equal, length of tube ; calyx 5-toothed ; teeth bluntish, ex Stev.
acute, ex Lehm. 11.1 H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, on
alp Schahdagh, at the fountains of the river Jucharibasch. An-
chusa alpestris, Stev. in Lin. trans. 11. p. 409. t. 32. Lycopsis
alpestris, Lehm, asper. p. 260. Root branched, blackish. Ra-
cemes terminal, conjugate, revolute at top. Bracteas lanceolate,
acuminated. Corollas size of those of Anchusa lutea, twice as
large as the calyx ; tube cream-coloured ,• limb yellow, with a
fulvous base ; throat closed by 5 very short bearded scales.
Calyx with 5 bluish lines.
Alp Nonea. PI. 1 foot.
7 N. ROSEA (Link, enum. 1. p. 167.) hispid ; stems procum-
bent, siujple ; leaves oblong, bluntish, obsoletely toothed,
clammy ; limb of corolla equal, length of tube. 0. H.
Native of Siberia, at the river Terek, in gardens and vine-
yards. Anchusa rbsea, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 225. cent. pi.
ross. t. 43. I/ehm. asper. p. 261. Root fusiform, simple.
The whole plant is hispid and clammy. Floral leaves cordate-
oblong, obliquely acuminated, much longer than the flowers.
Racemes usually solitary. Calycine segments lanceolate-subu-
late, conniving in the fruit-bearing state. Corolla having the
tube a little curved, a little longer than the calyx ; limb fine
purple, marked with 10 yellow lines towards the throat, dis-
posed by pairs ; throat bearded with long hairs. Anthers
bluish.
y?ose-coloured-flowered Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
PI. procumbent.
8 N. decu'mbens (Moench, meth. p. 422.) hispid ; stems
BORAGINE^. XXIII. Nonea.
3.'J7
procumbent, branclied ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire : floral
ones mucli longer than tlic calyx ; corolla equal, hardly exceed-
ing; the calyx; limb very short. 0. H. Native of Europe,
and in sandy places near 'I'ozzer. N. violacea, D. C. syn. fl. fr.
no. 27 IS. exclusive of the syn. of Desf. Echioides nigricans,
Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 103. Anchusa nigricans, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p.
298. Lycopsis nigricans, Pers. ench. 1. p. 163. Horn. hort.
hafn. 1. p. 181. Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 130. t. 22. Ly-
copsis vesicaria, Lin. spec. 198. Roth. tent. fl. germ. 2, p. 216.
Wilkl. spec. 1. p. 779. enum. 1. p. 188. Lapeyr. abr. p. 89.
Lehm. asper. p. 202. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 26. f. 11.
— Zan. hist. t. 30. Leaves acute, pale green ; floral ones
obliquely acuminated. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute.
Corolla with a yellowish tube, and a dark purple, almost black
limb ; throat pilose. Anthers brown.
Decumbent Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1680. PI. pro-
cumbent.
9 N. ELONGA^TA ; bispid from pili ; stem erect, simple ;
leaves lanceolate, quite entire : floral ones ovate, cordate, shorter
than the calyxes ; limb of corolla equal, one-half shorter than
the exserted tube. 1(..l H. Native of the deserts of Alex-
andria. Lycopsis elorigata, Lehm. asper. p. 26-t. Calycme
segments lanceolate, unequal. Corolla with a pale yellow tube,
and purplish blue limb ; tube of corolla length of calyx.
E longated-racemed Nonea. PI. 1| to 2 feet.
10 N. CoLSMANNiA^NA ; hispid ; stems erect, branched ;
branches divaricate; leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire: floral
ones ovate, acuminated ; limb of corolla unequal, a little shorter
than the tube. %. H. Native country unknown. Lycopsis
Colsmanniana, Lehm. asper. p. 265. Root woody, twisted.
Stems many from the same root, tufted. Floral leaves a little
longer than the flowers. Racemes usually conjugate. Calycine
segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla purple ; tube lengtli of
calyx. Nuts as in A'^. demmbens.
C'olsmann's Nonea. PI. | to | foot.
11 N. pu'lla (D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2719.) pilose; stems
erect, nearly simple; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, soft, clothed
with adpressed pili : floral ones ovate-lanceolate ; limb of corolla
equal, length of tube. %. H. Native of South and Middle
Europe, in corn-fields, and by way sides ; and of Caucasus, in
grassy places. Lycopsis pulla, Lin. spec. p. 196. Jacq. fl.
austr. 2. p. 53. t. 188. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 327. Lapeyr. abr.
p. 89. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 153. Anchusa pulla, Bieb. fl. cauc.
1. p. 125. Lycopsis vesicaria, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 181. but
not of Lin. Echioides violacea, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 164. An-
chiisa tinctoria. Pall. ind. taur.— Clus. hist. 2. p. 104. f. 1. — -
Riv. intr. herb. 1. t. 8. Root fusiform, simple. Leaves some-
what canescent : radical ones more or less crowded : cauline
ones half stem-clasping, acuminated, ciliated with long rigid
hairs, longer than the flowers. Racemes axillary and terminal,
at the tops of the stems, short, dense, many-flowered, nutant.
Calycine segments unequal, acuminated. Corolla with a pale
yellow tube, which is shorter than the calyx, and a dark purple,
almost black limb.
Z»arA-flowered Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1048. PI. J
to 1^ foot.
12 N. lu'tea (D. C. fl. gall. 0. p. 4:20.) pilose; stems
ascending, branched above ; leaves oblong, obtuse, almost quite
entire : floral ones subcordate, obliquely acuminated, at last
distich; limb of corolla equal, length of tube. ©. H. Native
of France and Italy ; and of Caucasus, in sterile places, espe-
cially among sand at the river Terek. Lycojjsis liuea. Lam. ill.
no. 1828. Schultes, obs. p. 33. Lehm. asper. p. 207. An-
chiisa liJtea, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 120. exclusive of the syn. of
Lin. and Curt. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 176. Willd. enum. 1. p.
VOL. IV.
179. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. and Forsk. Anchusa lycop-
sidis, Retz, fil. pug. p. 8 — 9. Anehiisa dubia, Nocca, hort.
ticin. t. 3. Asperigo divaricata, Murray, in nov. comm. iro-tt.
1776. vol. 7. p. 25. t. 2. Oscampia dichotoma, Moench. meth.
p. 421. Root fibrous. Radical leaves obovate-oblonn-, obtuse •
floral ones longer than the calyxes, all rather clammy. Racemes
terminal, erect. Calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated.
Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, longer than the calyx ; tube
much shorter than the calyx, marked by 5 hollows under the
throat, which is green and pilose.
Far. /3; flowers about half the size. 0. H. Bieb. fl. cauc
1. p. 126.— Bieb. cent. 2. t. 13. f. 2.
lt-//o7D-flowered Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1805. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
13 N. flave'scens ; annual, downy, also beset with stiflT bris-
tles or strigae ; stems diffuse or erect, branched ; leaves oblontr-
lanceolate, acute, quite entire : cauline ones sessile : floral ones
subcordate ; corollas about equal in length to the calyx : tube 3
times longer than the limb, which is equal ; calyxes, when bearintr
the fruit, inflated and pendulous : teeth connivent ; nuts ohovate,
nearly glabrous. 0. H. Native of Caucasus, in fields near
Sallian and Lenkoran ; as well as in the island of Sara. Lv-
copsis flavescens, Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 98. Corollas pale
yellow.
YelloJvisJi-fiowered Nonea. PI. diflfuse.
14 N. setosa ; strigose; stem erect, simple ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, denticulated : floral ones ovate'; limb of corolla
equal, twice as long as the calyx, and the length of the tube.
©. ? H. Native of Iberia. Lycopsis setosa, ^Lehm. asper, p.
269. Leaves obtuse. Strigae or bristles very long. Racemes
at first conglobate. Calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated.
Corolla large, yellow, with a pilose throat. Habit of N. echi-
oides.
Bristly Nonea. PI. A to 1 foot.
15 N. EcnioiDEs ; pilose; stems erect, much branched;
leaves lanceolate, quite entire, pilose, rather silky : floral ones
ovate, somewhat cordate ; limb of corolla unequal, thrice as
long as the calyx, but one-half shorter than the tube. %. H.
Native of Caucasus and Armenia, in alpine pastures. Lycopsis
echioides, Lin. spec. p. 199. Willd. spec. 1. p. 781. "Lehm.
asper. p. 270. Lycopsis piilchra, Willd. herb. no. 3396. An-
ehiisa echioides, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 270. — Buxb. cent. t. 1.
Stems numerous. Radical leaves large ; lower caidine ones 3-4
inches long. Flowers nearly sessile, disposed in terminal, con-
jugate, leafy, spike-formed racemes. Calyx silky from pili,
with lanceolate segments. Corolla large, an inch long, pale yel-
low, with very black spots in the throat, which is pilose.
Bugloss-Uke Nonea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. J to
11 foot.
10 N. DECURRENS ; perennial; the whole plant clothed with
short, minute, velvety down; stem erect, a little branched, wing-
ed ; cauline leaves lanceolate, acute, quite entire, a little decur-
rent ; corollas hardly longer than the calyx ; tube exceeding
the limb, which is equal ; calyx, when bearing the fruit, inflated,
pendulous; teeth of calyx connivent; nuts large, downy. 11.
H. Native of Caucasus, on the Talusch Mountains, in grassy
places, at the altitude of 900 to 1000 hexapods. Lycopsis de-
ciirrens, Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 98. Corollas purple.
Decurrenl-\esL\e<li Nonea. PI. erect.
17 N. vERsicoLOR (Sweet, hort. brit.) pilose or strigose ;
stems prostrate; leaves obtuse; corollas equal. 0. H. Na-
tive of Caucasus, on alps about Chinalug ; and on the edges
of fields towards Kasbek. Anchusa versicolor, Stev. in act.
mosc. p. 11. Nearly allied to A^ rosea, and A^ liitea, but dif-
fers in the floral leaves being obtuse, not cordate ; in the co-
338
BORAGINE^. XXIII. Nonea. XXIV. Lobostemon. XXV. Lycopsis.
rollas being larger, and the limb subcampanulate, striped with
blue, dusky-white, and violet ; in the nuts being larger and
veiny, not smooth.
Party-coloured-Cowered Nonea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. prostrate.
18 N. niANERANTHE^RA (Viv. fl..libyc. p. 9. t. 1. f. 3.) radi-
cal leaves elliptic : cauline and floral ones half stem-clasping ;
spikes erectish, secund ; stamens exserted, alternating with the
segments of the corolla. ©. H. Native of Cyrenaica. M61-
kia Cyrenaica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 548. Stem erect, hispid, sim-
ple, but sometimes branched at the base. Leaves hispid ; cau-
line ones linear-elliptic ; floral ones ovate- acuminated. Flowers
disposed in a secund, racemose spike, which is hardly recurved.
Calyx cleft beyond the middle ; segments linear, acuminated,
connivent, but reflexed in the fructiferous state. Corolla gla-
brous, hardly longer than the calyx ; throat naked. Nuts con-
vex on the back, reticulately veined, beaked at the apex, and
tubercled at tlie sides. Filaments inserted a little below the
segments of the corolla.
Appearing-anlhered Nonea. PI. J foot?
19 N. Schulte'sii; plant very hispid; leaves and bracteas
very long, lanceolate; stem erect; calyx at length inflated. i£).
H. Native of Tenerifle. Lycopsis calycina, Kcem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 74. Root purple, a span long. Stems many, branch-
ed from the base. Leaves thin. Bristles or strigse on the leaves
white, on the calyxes and bracteas yellowish. Bracteas twice as
long as the flowers, or more. Calycine segments linear-subu-
late, unequal. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, fucescent in the
dried state.
Schulles's Nonea. PI. J to 1 foot.
20 N. coNFERTiFLOHA ; branches decumbent, diffuse, very
rough ; leaves long-lanceolate, quite entire, strigose ; spikes im-
bricate, bracteate ; corolla longer than the calyx. ©. ? H.
Native of Palestine. Lycopsis confertiflora, Clark, ex Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 55Q.
Crowdcd-JloTvered Nonea. PI. decumbent.
t Species hardly known.
21 N. a'lba (D. C. fl. gall. 6. p. 420.) ©. H. Native in
corn-fields near Avignon. Corollas white.
W7ij(e-flovvered Nonea. PI.
22 N. Cape'nsis ; leaves lanceolate, strict, dotted ; pedun-
cles recurved ; flowers terminal, spicate, secund. — Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lycopsis Capensis, Burm. prod. fl. cap.
p. 4.
Cajie Nonea. PI. ?
What are Echioldcs rubra, Desf. fl. atl., and Echioides grandi-
Jlora, Desf. tabl. d I'ecole, bot. 1815 ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Anchiisa, p. 343.
XXIV. LOBOSTFMON (from Xo/3oe, lobos, a lobe, and crr,-
fxiDv, stcmon, a stamen ; in allusion to the processes of the throat
bearing the stamens on their back). Lelim. sem. hort. hamb.
1827.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx S-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped ; throat furnished with erect processes, which bear
the stamens on their back. Nuts 4, 1-celled, turbinate, fixed to
the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at the base. — A small
shrub, with the habit of E^chium sphcerocephalum.
1 L. ECHIOIDES (Lehm. 1. c. t. 5. f. 1.) stem terete, glabrous ;
branches hairy ; leaves scattered, sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, glabrous above, but strigose beneath ; spikes 8-3 together.
terminal bracteate ; bracteas length of calyx. fj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, at Brede river. Corolla blue.
Bugloss-like Lobostemon. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see the shrubby species of
E'chium, p. 335.
XXV. LYCO'PSIS (from Xvroc, lycos, a wolf; and o^Llc,
0]}sis, the face ; some resemblance in flowers.) Lin. gen. no.
190. Schreb. gen. no. 250. Juss. gen. p. 131. ed. Usteri, p.
146. Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 29. Lam. ill. t. 92.— Anchusa
species of Lehm. and Bieb. Buglossum, Gsertn. fruct. 1. no.
414. t. 67. f. 2. Echioides, Dill. gen. 3.
Lin. syst. Petitdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, erect,
not inflated. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, erectly spread-
ing ; lobes entire ; tube incurved ; throat furnished with ovate,
prominent, connivent processes. Stigma emarginate. Nuts con-
cave at the base, 1-celled, turbinate, fixed to the bottom of the
calyx.- — Rough, erect plants. This genus diflfers principally
from Anchusa in the curved tube of the corolla.
1 L. Orienta'lis (Lin. spec. p. 199.) stem erect, dichoto-
mously branched ; leaves ovate, half stem-clasping, unequal at
the base, quite entire, hispid from strigse ; racemes very long,
leafy ; tube of corolla unequal, incurved : the processes in the
throat pencilled. 0. H. Native of Caria. Smith, prod. fl.
graec. 1. p. 124. Anchiisa ovata, Lehm. asper. p. 222. — Buxb.
cent. 5. t. 30. Plant strigose. Stem bluntly angular. Pedi-
cels one half shorter than the bracteas. Calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, unequal, erect in the flowering state, but
spreading in the fruit-bearing state. Tube of corolla length of
calyx, white at bottom and violaceous at top ; limb sky-blue.
Nuts wrinkled, black.
Eastern Wild Bugloss. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1796. PI. 1
foot.
2 L. variega'ta (Lin. spec. 198.) stems ascending, nearly
simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, half stem-clasping, hispid from
strigse, spiny, toothed ; racemes solitary, bracteate at bottom ;
tube of corolla unequal, incurved ; processes in the throat
downy. ©. H. Native of Italy, and the adjacent islands ;
Candia, and other islands of the Archipelago and of the Pelopon-
nesus. Allien, pedem. no. 168. Smith, fl. graec. t. 178. L.
bullata, Cyrill. pi. rar. fasc. 1. p. 34. Anchusa perlita. Lam.
ill. no. 1820. Anchiisa variegata, Lehm. asper. p. 223. — Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 26. f. 10.— Stiss. bot. t. 57. — Barrel, icon,
t. 403. — Munt. oeft'. pi. t. 309. Buglossoides, Riv. mon. j).
9. Anchusa Cretica, Mill. diet. no. 7. Plant very hispid from
strigse. Radical leaves obtuse, 3-4 inches long ; the upper cau-
line ones hardly an inch. Racemes short at first, capitate. Caly-
cine segments linear, unequal. Tube of corolla a little shorter
than the calyx ; limb blue, variegated with white lines ; processes
in the throat white.
Variegated-QoviereA Wild Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1683. PI. ascending, 1 foot.
3 L. arve'nsis (Lin. spec. 199. fl. suec. no. 167.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves lanceolate, half stem-clasping, toothed, very
hispid from strigae ; racemes leafy ; tube of corolla incurved,
length of the calycine segments, which are unequal and lanceo-
late ; processes of the throat hairy. 0. H. Native throughout
Europe and North America, in corn-fields and waste grounds ;
plentiful in Britain. Curt. fl. lond. t. 336. Oed. fl. dan. t. 435.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 938. Anchiisa arvensis, HoflTm. et Link, fl.
port. 1. p. 179. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 123. Lehin. asper. p. 225.
— Blackw. t. 234. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 1 1 . t. 26. f. 8. Echioides,
Riv. mon. t. 7. f. 2. Plant hispid from strigae. Leaves undu-
lated. Racemes short at first, but at length elongated. Corolla
BORAGINEyE. XXV. Lycopsis. XXVI. Anchusa.
339
blue, striped with 5 fine white veins. Nuts reticulately wrinkled,
girded by a tumid circle below. This plant was formerly recom-
mended as a remedy against the anthrax, or corrosive ulcer,
commonly called a carbuncle, by laying the bruised leaves on the
tumour ; but it is difficult to persuade oneself that such a plant
can have any cfHcacy in such a disease.
Corn or Common Wild Bugloss. Fl. June, Sept. Britain.
PI. i to 1 foot.
4 L. ViRGiNicA (Gron. virg. 140. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 133.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, crowded, soft, tomentose ; stem
erect. ©. H. Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in dry
woods. Plant small, very hispid. Lower leaves spatulate, en-
tire. Racemes solitary. Corollas small, white.
Virginian Wild Bugloss. PI. small.
C^tlt. The seeds of all the species only require to be sown in
th.e open border in spring.
Tribe IV.
BUGLO'SSEjE (/jovyXwCTiTof is the Greek name for Bugloss,
from jiovg, bous, an ox ; and yXiixraa, glossa, a tongue ; in refer-
ence to the roughness and shape of the leaves of most species.)
D. Don. in edinb. jihil. journ. July, Oct. 1832. Corolla salver-
shaped, having the mouth closed with vaulted processes. Nuts
4, distinct, 1-celled.
Sub-Tribe I.
ANCHUSEili. Nuts perforated at the base, fixed to the
bottom of the calyx.
XXVI. ANCHU'SA (from uyyuvaa, anchousa, paint for the
skin ; use of some species.) Lin. gen. no. 182. ed. Schreb. no.
212. Juss. gen. p. 131. Lam. ill. no. 257. t. 92. Schkuhr,
handb. 1. t. 29. Lehm. asper. p. 211. — Buglossum Gaertn.
fruct. 1. no. 414. t. 67. f. 2. Tourn inst. t. 52. — Lycopsis
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Caly.v 5-cleft or 5-parted.
Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat closed by erect obtuse processes.
Nuts 4, 1-celled, turbinate, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, per-
forated and concave at the base. — Rough plants, usually with
terminal flowers.
§1. Calyx 5-parted, erect in the fruit-hearing state. Corollas
unequal in most of the species.
1 A. LiNiFOLiA (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 215.) stems
decumbent, stoloniferous ; leaves opposite, sessile, linear-lance-
olate, acute, entire, nearly glabrous, ciliated at top ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, equal. "H.. F. Native of South America. A.
leucantha, Willd. herb. 1. c. A. lanceolata, Willd. herb. no.
3316. Root creeping. Calyx pilose. Corolla glabrous, pale
yellow : tube length of calyx : throat closed by 5 very hairy
tubercles; segments roundish, obovate.
Flax-leaved Bugloss. PI. ^ foot.
2 A. opposiTiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 91.
t. 200.) stems procumbent, creeping, branched ; leaves opposite,
linear, quite entire, ciliated with strigaj on the back and margins ;
flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels. '2/ . F. Native of
the Andes, of Quindiu near Teindala ; and J aquanquer, between
the town of Pasto and Tulcan. Herb tufted, strigose. Leaves
subconnate at the base, acute, 9-10 lines long, and one broad.
Calyx hispid, with lanceolate, equal segments. Corolls white,
about the size of those of M. paliistris. Nuts strigose, glabrous.
Opposite-leaved Bugloss. PI. procumbent.
3 A. pvgm.e'a (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 92.) plant
tufted, creeping, leafy ; leaves scattered, sessile, linear, quite
entire, hispid from strigae ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile.
I; . F. Native of Quito, on the top of Mount Antisana, at the
altitude of 2104 hexapods. Leaves imbricate at the base, acutish,
4 lines long. Calyx beset with adpressed pili ; with linear-lance-
olate, acute, nearly equal segments. Corolla funnel-shaped,
white, glabrous, size of those of Myosotis arvensis. Nuts
wrinkled, glabrous.
Pygmy Bugloss. PI. tufted, cree])ing.
4 A. crucia'ta (Cham, in Linnaea. 4. p. 438.) shrubby, stri-
gosely pilose, canescent at top, much branched ; branches as-
cending ; leaves linear-lanceolate, connate at the base, and are,
as well as the axillary branchlets, strictly opposite ; cymes scor-
pioid, panicled at top, furnished with bracteas which are hardly
longer than the calyxes. fj . F. Native of the South of Brasil.
Calyx very hairy, with lanceolate, unequal segments. Corolla
hairy outside, with a short tube ; processes of the throat fringed.
Stigma emarginate.
Croi.s-leaved Bugloss. Shrub 1 to 1^ foot.
5 A. stcechadifolia (Cham, in Linna;a, 4. p. 439.) nearly
allied to A. cruciata, and in like manner has opposite leaves,
but differs from it in the cymes being solitary and terminal, in
the flowers being larger, in the leaves being linear, with revo-
lute margins, hoary, and in habit. Ij . F. Native of the South
of Brasil. Habit of Gnaphalium Slce'chas, or Lavandula ; of a
hoary aspect. Bracteas longer than the pedicels. Corolla
having the tube shorter than the calyx, and the limb blue, vil-
lous outside ; processes of the throat fleshy, papillose. Stigma
subcapitate.
Sta'chas-leaved Bugloss. Shrub 1 to 1|- foot.
6 A. TETRA'auETRA (Cham, in Linnsea, 8. p. 113.) glabrous:
tops and inflorescence hairy ; stems simple, erect, tetraquetrous ;
leaves lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, mucronate : radical
ones on long petioles : cauline ones opposite, partly connate
at the base, all strigose ; cymes on long peduncles, com-
posed of short spikes : terminal ones twice bifid : axillary
ones bifid ; flowers sessile, bracteate ; nuts smooth, solitary by
abortion; calyx 5-toothed. 1^ . F. Native of Brasil, Sello.
Stems height of the radical leaves. Teeth of calyx acute.
Corolla pilose outside ; processes of the throat small, fringed.
Nuts smooth, a little smaller than the calyx.
Fo«r-4if/et/-stemnied Bugloss. PI. 14 to 2 feet.
7 A. Sellowia'na (Cham, in Linnsea, 8. p. 115.) plant scab-
rous, from striga? ; stems erect and decumbent, glabrous, acute-
angled at the base ; leaves scattered, mucronate : superior ones
ovate, half stem-clasping : lower ones obovate-lanceolate, nar-
rowed into marginate half stem-clasping petioles ; spikes twin,
terminal and axillary, on peduncles which are equal in length to
the leaves ; bracteas broad, cordate, ovate, acute, exceeding the
flowers a little ; nuts granular, glabrous, solitary by abortion ;
covered by the 5-cleft calyx. % . F. Native of Brasil, Sello.
Corolla clothed with silky pili outside ; processes of the throat
small, villous. Stigma deeply emarginate.
Sellos Bugloss. PI. U foot.
8 A. c.EspiTosA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 504. ill. no. 1818.) stems
decumbent ; leaves linear, obtuse, hispid from pili, undulated,
longer than the stems ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; flowers
equal. %. H. Native of Candia, on the Spaciotic mountains.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 759. Sibth et Smith, fl. gra;c. t. 1G9.—
Buglossum Creticum humit'usum acaulon perenne, echii foho
angustissimoTourn. cor. p. C. Roots woody, dark brown Stems
siinple, short, tufted. Flowers 2-4 terminal, large for the size
of the plant. Corolla with a white tube, which is nearly twice as
long as the calyx, and a deep blue limb : the processes in tlie
throat pencil-formed and white.
Tufted Bugloss. PI. decumbent and tufted.
9 A. HisPiDA (Forsk. descr. p. 40. Vahl. symb. fasc. 2. p.
x x 2
340
BORAGINEiE. XXVI. Anchusa.
33.) stems diffuse ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the
base, bluntly-toothed, hispid from strigae ; pedicels axillary,
conjugate ; flowers equal — Native in Egypt. Lehm. asper. p.
21G. Stem hispid, from retrograde pili. Calyx hispid. Corolla
small, nearly the length of calyx ; segments ovate, short.
//w7«f/ Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Cit. 1817. PI. diffuse.
10 A. ciLiA^TA (Cham in Linnaea, 4. p. 440.) leaves tufted,
large, obovate, elliptic-lanceolate, but usually linear-lanceolate,
exceeding the stems, which are erect or ascending, and furnished
with small leaves ; cymes scorpioid, bractcate, forming terminal
panicles ; flowers sessile. 1/ . F. Native of Brazil, both
within and without the tropic. Habit of Myosolis. Plant
beset with short strigose hairs. Radical leaves a foot long ;
cauline ones 3 inches long, half stem-clasping, ciliated with
longer strigae, all acuminated. Calycine segments equal, lance-
olare, acute, pilose on the back. Corolla tubular, hairy outside ;
segments of the limb lanceolate, acute ; processes of the throat
fringed, bearded. Stigma capitate, hardly emarginate. Nuts
usually solitary by abortion, chartaceous, shining.
Ciliated Bugloss. PI. 1 foot.
11 A. tene'lla (Lehm. asper. 217.) stems depressed, dicho-
tomous, weak ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, hispid ; pedicels
solitary, interfoliaceous, nodding, while bearing the fruit ; flowers
equal. ©. H. Native of China. Horn. hafn. 1. p. 17C. A.
Zeylanica, Jacq. eclog. p. 47. t. 29. Horn. enum. 1807. Plant
hairy. Corolla small, glabrous, white ; tube shorter than the
calyx ; segments of the limb roundish-obovate, purplish at the
base ; processes of the throat emarginate, yellowish. Nuts
somewhat kidney-shaped, verrucose.
Weak Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot.
12 A. TiNCTORiA (Lin. spec. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 192. exclusive
of the syn. edit. 1st.) stems diffuse; leaves oblong, hispid
from pili ; bracteas exceeding the calyx ; processes of corolla
shorter tlian the stamens. IJ. H. Native of the Peloponnesus,
Island of Cyprus, and in deserts about Alexandria. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. graec. t. 166. Desf. atl. 1. p. 156, exclusive of many
synonymes. VVilld. spec. 1. p. 758. Lehm. asper. p. 218.
Plant pilose. Root woody, descending, of a dark blood colour.
Spikes or racemes usually twin, rarely 3 or 4 terminal, many-
flowered. Corolla with a deep blood-coloured tube, which is
inflated at the base and the length of the calyx ; processes
inserted near the middle of the tube ; limb deep blue ; seg-
ments roundish, obovate. This plant is cultivated in the South
of France for the deep purplish red colour of its roots. It
imparts a fine deep red colour to oils, wax, and all unctuous
substances, as well as to spirits of wine. The spirituous tinc-
ture on being inspissated changes to a dark brown. Its chief
use is for colouring plasters, lip-salves, &c.
Dyer's Bugloss. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1,'J96. PI. }, foot, diffuse.
13 A. aggrega'ta (Lehm. asper. p. 219.) stems diffuse, stri-
gose ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, very hispid ; flowers sessile,
aggregate, 4 times shorter than the bracteas ; nuts hemispherical.
©. H. Native near Athens. A. parviflora Smith, prod. fl.
grsec. 1. p. 117. fl. greec. t. 167, but not of Willd. Plant very
hispid. Flowers sessile, crowded in dense, solitary, terminal,
leafy spikes. Corolla with a pale tube, which is twice as long
as the calyx ; limb deep blue, with ovate flattened segments ;
processes of the throat pencil-formed. Calyx subglobose, with
conniving segments. Perhaps a species of Nonea.
A ggregate-^ov/exeA. Bugloss. PI. -J foot.
14 A. PARVIFLORA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 759.) stem much
branched, hispid ; leaves linear, bluntish, hispid ; racemes few-
flowered, crowded. ©.? H. Native of the Levant. Lehm.
asper. 220.
Small-flonered Bugloss. PI. J to 1 foot.
15 A, echina'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 505. ill. no 1821.) stems
ascending, nearly simple, bristly ; leaves sessile, lanceolate,
attenuated at the base, acute, very hispid from bristles ; spikes
leafy; flowers equal. — Native of Syria, near Tripoli. Lehm.
asper. p. 221. Root woody, twisted. Bristles on the plant stiff
and white. Spikes of flowers lateral and terminal, simple, or
bifid. Calyx white, from bristles. Corolla having the tube
longer than the calyx ; segments of the limb obtuse,
Echinated Bugloss. PI. 1 foot.
16 A STVLOSA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 123.) stem erect, branched
at top ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the base, undulately
denticulated, hispid ; bracteas subulate ; calyxes nearly equal,
shorter than the tube of the corolla, with subulate segments.
©. H. Native of Tauria, on stony hills, on the hanks of the
Karasu, and among corn. Bieb. cat. pi. t. 23. A. annua Pall,
ind. taur. Buglossum Orientale erectum, foliis undulatis, flore
amoene cceruleo Tourn. cor. p. 6. — Barrel, icon. 578. — Bocc.
mus. t. 77. Root perjjendicular, branched, white. Plant hispid.
Racemes axillary, and terminal, usually twin. Flowers regular,
a little smaller than those of A. officinalis. Corolla fine blue ;
segments of the limb roundish : processes of the throat naked.
Style equal, filiform, about equal in height to the corolla.
Long-styled ]iug\o%s. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
17 A. Barrelie'ri (D. C. syn. fl. fr. 2731.) stems erect,
nearly simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, denticulated, hispid ;
racemes conjugate, panicled, bracteate ; calyxes very blunt,
longer than the tube of the corolla ; corolla regular. 1/ . H.
Native of the South of Europe, by road sides, among rubbish,
and in shady places ; as of Piedmont, Naples, &c. Baumg.
trans. 1. p. 122. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 147. Lehm asper. 227.
Lois. fl. gall. 1. p. 106. Vittm. sumra. 1. p. 288. Bell, ap-
pend, fl. pedem. p. 15. Tenor, fl. neap. p. 46. Buglossum
Barrelieri, All. pedem. no. 164. Pentagn. inst. 2. p. 314. My-
osotis obtiisa, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. p. 103. t. 100.
Schultes, fl. austr. no. 792. Horn. hafn. l.p. 173. Willd.
enum. 1. p. 176. — Barrel, icon. 333. Root woody, branched.
Cauline leaves half stem-clasping. Calyx pilose ; segments
obtuse. Corolla with a white tube ; limb blue, with roundish
obtuse segments ; throat yellow ; processes of the throat erect,
white. The flowers are very like those of a species of Myoso-
lis, both in colour and form.
BarreliersB\\>i\ois. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
18 A. sTRiGOSA (Labill. icon. pi. syr. dec 3. p. 7. t. 4.) stem
erect, branched at top ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, denticulated,
prickly ; racemes conjugate, furnished with bracieoles at the
base, which are shorter than the pedicels; calyxes obtuse,
shorter than the tube of the corolla ; flowers regular ; processes
of the throat papillose. %. H. Native of Syria, about Tri-
poli. Lehm. asper. p. 229. Plant covered all over with white
bristles, which rise from white papillffi or glands. Racemes
twin, secund. Corolla blue ; processes of the throat nearly
orbicular.
Strigose Bugloss. PI. \\ foot.
19 A. PANicuLATA (Ait? hort. kew. 1. p. 177.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves lanceolate, undulated, strigose, lucid ; racemes
conjugate, divaricate, panicled, bracteate ; flowers equal ; calyxes
longer than the tube of the corolla, with subulate segments ;
processes of the throat pencil-formed. %. H. Native of the
South of Europe, North of Africa, Island of Madeira, and
Siberia. Willd. spec. 1. p. 756. Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t.
163. Lehin. asper. p. 230. A. Italica, Retz, obs. 1. p.
12. Wulf in Jacq. coll. 4. p. 302. Hoffm. et Link, fl. port.
1. p. 176. Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 104. Trew. dec. 2. p. 14. t. 15.
Tratt. arch. p. 105. t. 120. A. oflicinalis, Gouan, monsp. p.
81, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 197. Desf. fl. atl. I. p. 157. Sav. fl.
pis. 1. p. 204. mat. med. p. 37. t. 2. Jaume St. Hil. pi. fr. 1.
t. 63. Buglossum officinale, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 278. Bugl.
BORAGINE^. XXVI. Anchusa.
311
elatum Moench. mcth. p. 418. Biigl. angiistifolium, .\11. ped.
no. IG3 ? — Mor. hist. 3. sect. II. t. 28. f. 2. and t. 26. f. 1.
— Tourn. inst. p. 134. Buglossnm amoj'niim, Ga?rtn. finct. 1.
p. 323. t. 67. f. 2. Roots creepinj;. Plant hispid, large.
Racemes twin, with a flower in the fork, constituting panicles
at the tops of the stems. Bracteas linear, length of pedicels.
Calycine segments subulate, unequal. Corolla bhie, or violace-
ous, with a white throat ; processes of the throat erect, pencil-
formed ; segments of tlie limb unequal, obovate-roundish, ob-
tuse. This is a very showy plant when in blossom.
Panicled-Aowered iiug\oss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1777. PI.
3 to 5 feet.
20 A. microca'lyx (Vis. in bot. zeit. 1829. p. 8.) hispid;
stems weak, nearly simple ; leaves flat : radical ones obversely-
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, obtuse, repand : canline ones
lanceolate, sessile, acute, entire ; racemes ];eduneulate, conju-
gate, alternate, leafy at the base, loose ; calyx very hispid, 5-
cleft, shorter than the tube of the corolla, but twice as long as
the bracteas ; processes of the throat thickened at tops, trun-
cate, smoothish. If.. H. Native of Dalmatia, about Verlika,
on the edges of fields. Calyx smaller than in A. sempervirens.
Tube of corolla straiglit. Nuts wrinkled, acutely bicostate at
the apex, and umbilicate. Peduncles erect in the fructiferous
state.
Small- calyxcd Bugloss. PI. 1 foot 1
21 A. dasya'ntha (Cham, in Linnaja, 4. p. 437.) leaves of
the floriferous branches oblong-cuneated, sometimes acute, and
sometimes bluntish at apex, and short-acuminated : upper ones
dilated at the base, and more acute ; bracteas subcordate-ovate,
acute, length of flowers ; cymes or spikes glomerate ; flowers
sessile ; calyx hardly 5-cleft to the middle ; corolla funnel-
shaped ; tube exceeding the calyx ; throat villous ; stigma 2-
lobed. "H-. F. Native of Tropical Brasil. Said to have the
habit of Anchusa sempervirens ; but the flowers are smaller,
the calyx hardly 5-cIeft to the middle, the corollas hairy out-
side, the processes of the throat small and bearded. The upper
portion of a branch is the only part of this plant which has been
examined.
Thick-flowered Bunloss. PI. ?
22 A. Mille'ri (Willd. enum. 1. p. 179.) stems ascending,
diffuse ; leaves oblong, bluntish, obsoletely denticulated, hispid ;
racemes solitary, leafy ; calyx length of the tube of thu corolla,
with linear-obtuse segments; corolla equal. ©. H. Native
country unknown, Levant. ? Lycopsis Milleri, Horn. hort. hafn.
1. p. 182. Plant strigose, hispid. Corolla flesh-coloured;
throat oblique, incurved ; segments of the limb obovate, round-
ish ; processes of the throat erect, yellow, pilose at the base.
Perhaps a species of LycojJsis from the oblique, incurved throat
of the corolla.
Miller's Baghss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1713. PI. U foot.
23 A. macrophy'lla (Lam. ill. no. 1816. Lehm. asper. p.
233.) stem weak, branched at top : radical leaves oval : cauline
ones lanceolate, acute, quite entire, strigose ; racemes somewhat
panicled, loose, bracteate ; calyxes length of the tube of the
corolla, with acutish segments ; flowers regular. If.?. H. Native
of the kingdom of .Morocco. Desf. atl. 1. p. 157. Lycopsis
macrophylla, Lam. diet. 3. p. 657. Plant strigose. Radical
leaves large, disposed in an orb : cauline ones half stem-clasp-
ing. Corolla tubular, pale yellow, small, a little longer than the
calyx, glabrous ; segments of the limb obtuse ; processes of the
throat erect, obtuse, tomentose.
Long-leaved Bugloss. PI. H foot.
24 A. latif6lia (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1821. p. 2. pug. 1.
p. 6.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, undulated, hairy ; bracteas ovate-
lanceolate, equal in length to the calyx ; calyx 5-Lleft, bluntish ;
processes of the throat bearded. $ . H. Native country
unknown. Anchusa versicolor Hortul. Stems many from the
same root, erectish, hairy, much branched. Flowers imbricate,
on short pedicels, disposed in conjugate, bracteate, terminal
racemes. Corolla with a violaceous tube, e(pial in length to
the calyx; constricted below the throat ; limb deep rose- co-
loured, having the edijes variegated with white.
Broad-leaved Bi\g\osii. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 820. PI. ]i
to 2s feet.
25 A. viLLosA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 560.) stem branched;
leaves lanceolate, quite entire, villous ; racemes axillary ; flow-
ers remote ; bracteas exceeding the calyxes ; calycine segments
bluntish, shorter than the tube of the corolla. %. H. Native
country unknown. Calyx 5-parted, erect.
I'illous Bugloss. PI.
26 A. MYosoTiniFLORA (Lehm. asper. p. 234.) stem erect,
simple ; radical leaves on long petioles, reniformly cordate :
cauline ones sessile, ovate, hairy ; racemes terminal, panicled,
bractless ; flowers equal. %. H. Native of Siberia, among
rocks. Myosotis macrophylla. Bleb. cauc. 1. p. 119. Adams
and Web. et Mohr, cat. 1. p. 46. no. 7. Bleb. cent. pi. ross. t.
1 4. Root oblique, covered by the remains of the leaves at top.
Leaves large, canescent while young. Calycine segments linear.
Corolla having the tube the length of the calyx ; limb fine
blue ; and the throat closed by yellow processes.
Mouse-ear-flowercd Bugloss. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI.
1 foot.
27 A. TUBEROSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 92.) root
tuberous ; stem erect, nearly simple ; leaves scattered, sessile,
linear, quite entire, hispid from striga^ ; spikes leafy, terminal.
$ . F. Native of Mexico, in bushy places, between Moran
and Regla, at the altitude of 1300 hexapods. Root tuberous,
turnip-formed, globose, size of a cherry, furnished with fibres.
Plant strigose. Leaves an inch long, and 1 line broad. Calyx
hispid, with linear, bluntish segments. Spikes 1-2 inches long.
Corolla pale yellow, ex Bonpl. downy outside, sweet-scented.
Ovaria glabrous.
Tuberous-rooted Bugloss. Pi. 1 foot.
§ 2. Calyx 5-cleft, or deeply 5-looLhed, campanulate when in
fruit, and more or less inflated and nodding. Corollas equal.
28 A. amplexicau'lis (Sibth et Smith, prod, fl grsec. 1. p.
116. Lehm. asper. p. 237.) cauline leaves cordate-oblong,
stem-clasping, re|iand ; spikes dichotomous, 2-leaved; calyx 5-
cleft. Xf. H. Native in fields about Constantinople. Ac-
cording to the diagnosis given this plant would appear to
approach the Anchiisa sempervirens, now Oniphalbdes semper-
virens.
Stem-clasping-]ea\ed Bugloss. PI. 1 foot.
29 A. VERRUCOSA (Lam. ill. p. 403. no. 1819. Horn. hort.
hafn. 1. p. 176. Lehm. asper. p. 238.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, repandly-toothed, hispid from strigfB, which rise from
white warts : upper ones subcordate at the base ; pedicels inter-
foliaceous. Q. H. Native of Egypt. A. flava, Forsk. dcscr.
p. 40. no. 30. Lycopsis ^^igyptiaca, Lin. spec. 1. p. 138.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 163. Asperugo yEgyptiaca, Lin. spec. ed.
2. p. 198. mant. 334. Vahl. syrab. I. p. 14. Jacq. vind. 3.
p. 15. t. 21. Willd. spec. 1. p. 778. Plant very hispid from
strigae. Stems branched at top. Upper leaves sometimes sub-
cordate at the base. Calycine segments unequal, lanceolate-
linear, acute. Corolla yellow ; tube shorter than the calyx ;
segments of the limb rounded ; ])rocesses of the throat yellow.
/fVZcrf-leaved Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Phi
to 1 foot.
30 A. defle'xa (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1823. p. 17. pug.
342
BORAGINE^. XXVI. Anchusa.
1. p. 5.) leaves lineav-lanceolate, hispid; pedicels solitary, axil-
lary, deflexed while bearing the fruit. ©. H. Native of
Egypt. Stem solitary, or many from the same root, nearly
terete, hispid. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, bluntish,
beset with white strigse, especially along the edges. Corolla
shorter than the tube of the calyx ; segments roundish obovate,
rose-coloured, or blue, with deeper veins ; processes of the
throat glabrous.
Zle^excrf-pedicelled Bugloss. PI. | to 1 foot.
31 A. ocHROLEUCA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 125. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 1603. Lehm. asper. 239.) leaves lanceolate, strigose,
hispid, ciliated on the edges ; bracteas linear-lanceolate ; calyx
5-toothed : teeth obtuse ; tube of the corolla length of the
calyx. 1/. H. Native of Caucasus and Transylvania, in fields.
Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 120. Horn. hafn. 1. p. 176. Willd.
enum. 1. p. 176. Schrank, pi. rar. raon. 1. t. 6. — Gmel. sib. 4.
p. 74. no. 13. Root branched. Stems diffuse, angular, scab-
rous. Flowers on short pedicels in the axils of the bracteas,
disposed in conjugate, spike-formed, terminal racemes, which
are crowded in fascicles before expansion. Corolla cream-
coloured ; tube a little longer than the calyx ; processes of the
throat erect, villously tomentose.
CVeam-co/oM/erf flowered Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ISIO.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 A. Aga'rdhii (Lehm. aspe^-. p. 241.) leaves linear-lance-
olate, tubercled, strigose ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, setosely
ciliated ; calyx 5-cleft : segments obtuse ; tube of corolla one-
half longer than the calyx. 1/. H. Native of Siberia. Stem
erect, strigose. Flowers on short pedicels, distant, disposed in
terminal racemes, which are generally conjugate. Corolla pur-
ple ; processes of the throat erect, pilose.
Jgardh's Bugloss. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
33 A. UNDULA^TA (Lin. spec. ed. 2d. 1. p. 191.ed. 1. p. 133.)
leaves lanceolate, dentately undulated, hispid from strigae ; ra-
cemes spike-formed, compact ; bracteas lanceolate ; calyxes
deeply 5-parted, acute. 1^ . H. Native of Italy, France,
Spain, Portugal, Barbary, and the Islands of the Archipelago, in
meadows and fields. Sibth et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 165. Hoftm.
et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 177. t. 22. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 297.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 2119. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 175. Mill,
fig. 1. t. 29. — Sabb. hort. 2. t. 24. Stems many from the same
root. Plant canescent. Flowers on short pedicels, secund, dis-
posed in conjugate, terminal, compact racemes. Corolla purple,
with the tube longer than the calyx, and ovate obtuse segments ;
processes of the throat saccate above, with pilose edges.
f/nt/u/a/erf-leaved Bugloss. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI.
J to 1| foot.
34 A. CRisPA (Viv. append, fl. cors. 1825. ex Linnasa. 1. p.
500.) strigose ; leaves linear-oblong, coarsely and distantly
toothed : cauline ones undulately curled ; spikes loose ; calyx
5-cleft, equal in height to the tube of the corolla, when
bearing the fruit ventricose, pendulous, and secund ; corolla
with obovate segments ; processes of the throat ovate, ciliated ;
nuts smooth, triquetrous. 'J/ ?. H. Native of Corsica.
Citr/trf-leaved Bugloss. PI. i to 1 foot.
35 A. hv'brida (Ten. prod. fl. neap. 1. p. 45. t. 11.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, sinuately toothed, undulated, villously
hispid ; bracteas ovate-cordate ; calyx 5-toothed : teetli
. bluntish. If. . H. Native near Naples, along way-sides. Root
fusiform. Plant villously hispid. Stems simple. Flowers on
short jiedicels, disposed in axillary and terminal, conjugate
racemes. Corolla purple ; tube longer than the calyx ; proces-
ses of the throat white, obtuse, pilose.
Hybrid Bugloss. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to li
foot.
36 A. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Lin. spec. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 192.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid from pili ; bracteas ovate-lanceo-
late, small when the flowers are open ; calyx 5-toothed : teeth
very blunt. 1^. H. Native of the South of Europe. Curt,
bot. mag. 1897. Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 164. Horn. hort.
hafn. 1. p. 175. Lapeyr. abr. p. 86. A. officin;\lis, Lin. spec,
ed. 1st. p. 133. A. spicata. Lam. ill. no. 1810. Buglossum
angustifolium, Moench, meth. p. 418. — Zan. hist. 49. t. 50.
stirp. rar. t. 39. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 28. f. 9 Lob. stirp.
576. f. 2. Buglossum angustifolium minus, Tourn. inst. 134.
Root fusiform. Stems very scabrous, canescent from retrograde
hairs. Racemes spike-formed, conjugate, terminal ; bracteas
hispidly ciliated. Corolla with a pale purple tube, which is
white at bottom, exceedin,' the calyx ; limb deep blue ; seg-
ments obovate-oblong, conniving a little.
Narrow-leaved Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1640. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
37 A. LYCopsoiDES (Bess. hort. Krzem. ex Link. enum. 1. p.
166.) very like A. procira and A. angustifolia, but smaller;
flowers secund, almost in one row ; bracteas ovate, acuminated,
ciliated, spreading also in one row. Ij . H. Native of Russia.
Corolla smaller than in A. jnocira, at first violaceous, but at
length blue.
Lycopsis-like Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. li foot.
38 A. proce'ra (Bess. 1. c. ex Link. 1. c.) larger than A.
angustifolia ; flowers secund in 2 rows ; bracteas ovate, acu-
minated, ciliated, distinct, spreading; calyx closed. l/.H.
Native of Galicia. Corolla blue. Perhaps a variety of A.
angustifolia.
Tall Bugloss. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
39 A. LErToi'HY'LLA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 90.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, strigose ; spikes secund, imbricate ;
calyxes 5-cleft, length of the tube of the corolla. %. H.
Native of the South of Europe. A. angustifolia, Willd.
enum. 1. p. 178, exclusive of his spec. pi. Schultes fl. austr.
2. ed. 1. p. 364. Sims, bot. mag. 1897. Corolla twice smaller
than in A. officinalis, pale blue. Stem pilose. Calycine seg-
ments obtuse, silky, from adpressed hairs." Leaves thinner than
in A. officinalis.
Slender-leaved Bugloss. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1640. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
40 A. officina'lis (Lin. spec. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 191. fl. suec.
ed. 2d. no. 161.) leaves lanceolate, hispid; bracteas ovate-lan-
ceolate, equal to the calyx in length ; calyxes 5-cleft, acute.
1/. H. Native of Europe, Asia, and Africa, in waste places,
and by way sides, and on the edges of fields. Smith's engl.
bot. t. 662. Oed. fl. dan. t. 5. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 124.
Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 146. Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 417. Vill. fl.
dauph. 2. p. 4.55. Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 123. Willd.
1. p. 756. Lehm. asper. p. 247. — Plenck, off", t. 79. — Blackw.
herb. t. 500. Plant hispid. Radical leaves tufted. Flowers
sessile, imbricate, disposed in conjugate, terminal spikes. Co-
rolla blue, or purple ; tube length of calyx ; segments of the
limb oblong-roundish ; processes of the throat erect, tomentose.
This plant when tender in the spring is eaten boiled in Upland.
The tube of the corolla is melliferous, and the bees are very
fond of it. This is not the Anchusa, but the Bugloss of the
officinal writers. It appears to be nearly similar to Borage ;
the leaves being less juicy, and the roots more mucilaginous ;
these, with the leaves and flowers, are ranked among the articles
of the Materia Medica, but they are very seldom made use of.
" In China," Loureiro says, " the plant is in great esteem for
gently promoting the eruption of the small-pox."
Var. /3. ccerulea ; flowers blue. If. H. Native of Europe.
A. angustifolia, Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 121. Schultes fl.
austr. no. 783. Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 418. Suter, fl. helv. 1. p.
BORAGINE^. XXVI. Anchusa. XXVII. Myosotis.
343
104. Roth tent. fl. germ. 2. p. 220. Vill. daupli. 2. p. 455.
Poll. pal. 1. p. 183, and of many otlier European Floras.
I'ar. y. Incarnata ; flowers flesh-coloured, or red. %. H.
Roth. tent. fl. germ. 1. c. and some other Floras. A. incarnata
Schrad. in litl.
Var. h (i/ba ; flowers white. 11. H. Roth. 1. c.
Officinal Bugloss. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
41 A. Cate'llii (Moris, elench. sard, ex Linnasa, 5. p. 93.)
plant procumbent, clothed with strigose hairs ; leaves lance-
olate, denticulated : radical ones undulated ; bracteas ovate-
lanceolate, half stem-clasping ; flowers loosely racemose ; calyx
5-cleft, when bearing the fruit inflated and nutant. %. H.
Native of Sardinia. Allied to A. qfficmalis and A. angustlfbUa.
CapeWs Bugloss. PI. procumbent.
42 A. Cate'nsis (Thunb. in Schrad, journ. 1806. p. 4.5.
prod. fl. cap. p. 34.) leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, somewhat hispid from villi ; racemes terminal, panicled ;
bracteas ovate-lanceolate ; calyxes 5-cleft, obtuse. <J . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Andr. bot. rep. t. 336. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 1822. Lehm. asper. p. 249. Stems simple, hairy,
canescent. Corolla blue, twice as long as the calyx.
Cape Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL li foot.
43 A. LEUcoiiFOLiA (Lehm. asper. p. 249.) leaves linear-
subspatulate, bluntish, silky and hoary ; spikes solitary ; brac-
teas lanceolate, attenuated at the base ; calyxes 5-cleft, acute.
2/ . H. Native of Armenia. Lithospermum Orientale leuco-
ji folio, flore coeruleo parvo, Tourn. cor. p. 6. Stem downy,
hoary, leafy at bottom. Flowers sessile, crowded into terminal
spikes. Bracteas longer than the calyx. Corolla a little longer
than the calyx ; tube very short ; limb blue, with obovate-
rounded segments.
Snow-drop-leaved Bugloss. PI. 1 foot.
44 A. bracteola'ta (Viv. fl. libyc. p. 10. t. 4. f. 2 — 3.)
plant clothed with soft white hairs, which rise from obsolete
tubercles ; lower leaves spatulate : cauline ones linear-oblong,
sessile, obtuse : floral ones half stem-clasping, cordate, acute,
imbricated in two rows. %. H. Native of Cyrenaica, on the
mountains. Lycopsis Cyrenaica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 557.
Stem ascending, dividing into spike-bearing branches at top.
Floral leaves or bracteas a little longer than the leaves. Flow-
ers disposed in dense, leafy, revolute spikes. Calyx hispid,
with linear-acute segments, equal in length to the tube of the
corolla. Corolla blue; the throat and tube white.
Bracteolate Bugloss. PI. ascending.
•j- Species hardly known.
45 A. LONGiFOLiA (Lam. ill. no. 1817. diet. 1. p. 502.) leaves
long, tongue-shaped, broadest at the base and apex ; spikes
small, naked, somewhat panicled. 7^ . H. Native of Italy.
Stem simple ; hairs springing from white tubercles. Flowers
small, of a beautiful blue.
Long-leaved Bugloss. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. li
foot.
46 A. Africa'na (Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 4.) stem shrubby,
villous ; leaves lanceolate, tomentose beneath. 1^ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
African Bugloss. Shrub.
Cidt. The species of Bugloss are of the most easy culture ;
they will grow in any soil, and are readily increased by seed.
A. Capensis should he treated as a green-house plant. Some
of the species are very pretty when in blossom, as A. panicu-
lata, A. Barrelteri, &c.
XXVII. MYOSO'TIS (from fivg fivoc, mys myos, a mouse ;
and owe inroc, ous otos, an ear ; supposed resemblance in leaves.)
1
Dill. gen. 3. Lin. gen. no. 180. Schreb. gen. no. 240. Juss.
gen. p. 131. ed. Usteri, p. 146. Schkuhr, handb. t. 29. Lehm.
asper. p. 78. — Echioides, Mocnch. meth. p. 416.
Lin. syst. Pentiindria, Monng>',7iia. Corolla salver-shaped ;
throat furnished with short processes ; limb 5-parted, obtuse.
Stamens inclosed. Nuts 4, 1-celled, fixed to the bottom of the
calyx, perforated at the base. — Annual or perennial, rough or
smoothish plants, with terminal racemes of blue flowers ; the
racemes revolute before expansion.
§ 1 . Nuts smooth, glabrous.
1 M. LATiFoLiA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 45. Lehm. asper. p. 82.)
stem erect, nearly simple, pilose ; leaves on long petioles, ovate-
lanceolate, pilose ; calyxes acute, villous ; corollas a little longer
than the calyx. 1/. F. Native of the Canary Islands. This
species differs from the rest in the leaves being on long petioles,
2-3 inches long, and 1 h inch broad. Corollas blue ?
Broad-leaved Scorpion-grass. PI. ?
2 M. GRANDiFLORA (H. B. et Kuuth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
90. t. 199.) stems nearly simple; leaves strigose, obtuse: radi-
cal ones lanceolate, petiolate : caidine ones lanceolate-oblong,
sessile ; spikes terminal, solitary, or twin, leafy ; flowers pedi-
cellate ; calyx closed; fruit glabrous. 1^. F. Native of
Quito. Stems terete, strigose. Corolla v\'hite, size of those of
Tiaiidium I'ndicum ; processes of the throat roundish, downy.
Calycine segments linear, acutish.
Great-Jlowered .Scorpion-grass. PI. i to f foot.
3 M. coRYMBosA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 5. no. 2.) stems
procumbent, divaricate ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers corym-
bose; corollas 3 times longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native
of Chili, about Conception, in fields. Pers. ench. 1. p. 157.
Lehm. asper. p. 82. Plant hispid. Middle stem erect ; side
ones procumbent ; branches forked at top. Corymb forked,
sometimes spicate. Corolla white.
Corymbosc-AowexeA Scorpion-grass. PI. procumbent.
4 M. ROBu'sTA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 101.) leaves
elliptic-oblong, acute, sessile, pilose on both surfaces ; racemes
conjugate, short, bractless ; calycine segments oval, obtuse,
longer thai: the tube of the corolla. l/.H. Native of Nipaul,
in Gosainsthap, where it is called Khurkurree by the natives.
Root fusiform. Stems ascending, simple, pilose. Leaves 3
inches long, and \ inch broad.
Robust Scorpion-grass. PI. \\ foot.
5 M. la'xa (Lehm. asper. p. 83.) stem filiform, loose ;
leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, nearly glabrous ; racemes
bractless, very long ; pedicels diverging while bearing the fruit,
very long, much longer than the calyx, which is spreading and
obtuse; corollas small. O- H. Native of North America.
Stem glabrous, divided at top into some racemiferous branches.
Calyx rather pilose, ventricose at the base ; teeth ovate-lanceo-
late, acute.
Loose Scorpion Grass. PI. 1 to I5 foot.
6 M. sPARsiFLORA (Mikau, in Hoppe. tasclienb. 1807. )).
74. Pohl, fl. boh. 1. p. 175.) stem branched, diffuse; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acutish ; racemes loose, few-flowered, leafy
at the base ; pedicels deflexed while bearing the fruit, longer
than the calyx, which is spreading, and beset with hooked bris-
tles at the base ; corollas small. 0. H. Native of Bohemia,
Silesia, Transylvania and Caucasus, in shady humid places ;
and of Altaia, at the river Kurtschum. Baumg. fl. trans.
1. p. 117. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 174. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p.
143. Lehm. asper. p. 84. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 186. M. sepium,
Hort. crac. Stem angular at top, scabrous from reflexed hairs.
Leaves strigose. Racemes axillary and terminal. Calyx glo-
bose at the base. Corollas small, blue, sometimes white ; throat
yellow.
344
BORAGINE^E. XXVII. Myosotis.
Scatlered-Jlowered Scorpion Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1822. PI. I foot.
7 M. sylva'tica (Elirh. herb. 31. Lehni. asper. p. 85.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, clotlied witli soft hairs ;
racemes very long, loose, bractless ; pedicels diverging while
bearing the fruit, a little longer than the 5-cleft, closed calyx ;
limb of corolla Hat, longer than the tube. "2/ . H. Native
throughout Europe, in woods in mountainous places. Hoffm.
deutschl. fl. 1. p. 85. exclusive of il/. alphia. Baumg. fl. trans.
I. p. 117. exclusive of the synonymes. Pers. ench. 1. p. 156.
Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 102. M. intermedia, Smith, engl. fl. 1. p.
250. M. scorpioides, var. sylvatica, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 956.
M. scorpioides, var. Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 212. M. arvensis,
Wahl. fl. suec. 1. p. 120.— Hall. helv. no. 591 — Knip. cent.
II. t. 81. M. perennis, /3, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2725. M. arven-
sis,? 13, sylvatica, Pers. ench. 1. p. 156. M. intermedia, a,
parvifiora. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 187. Stems simple, divided at top
into long loose racemes, hairy. Racemes solitary and conjugate.
Calycine segments unequal, lanceolate, acuminated, obsoletely
3-nerved, furnished with hooked hairs at the base, conniving
while bearing the fruit. Corolla blue, with a yellow throat. —
There is a variety of this species found at the Cape of Good
Hope. See Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 445.
Wood Scorpion Grass. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. ^ to 1
foot.
8 M. CiESPiTosA (Schultes, fl. starg. suppl. p. 11. Ledeb.
fl. alt. 1. p. 188.) plant strigose, tufted; leaves lanceolate, ob-
tuse ; calyx 5-cleft, about equal in length to the tube of the co-
rolla, strigose ; fruit bearing pedicels twice as long as the calyxes;
racemes loose, naked. 7/. H. Native of the duchy of Meck-
lenburgh ; and of Altaia, near Riddersk, Smejow, &c., in boggy
places; in Britain, common about ponds. Link. enum. I. p.
165. Bess. pi. volh. p. 52. Hook, suppl. engl. hot. t. 2661.
M. lingulata, Schultes. Lehm. asper. 1. p. 110. M. uliginosa,
Schrad. M. commutata, Schultes, syst. 4. p. 102. M. strigu-
losa, Rchb. M. scorpioides parvifiora, Wahl. fl. suec. 1. p.
119. Hairs of the stem and calyx adpressed. Corolla blue,
with a yellow throat ; limb as long as the tube. Very nearly
allied to M. pulustris.
Tufted Mouse ear. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. tufted.
9 M. alpe'stkis (Hoppe, in Schmidt, fl. boh. cent. 3. no.
225.) stems tufted, erect ; leaves lanceolate, or oblong-linear,
acutish, obsoletely 3-nerved, strigose; racemes strict, bractless;
pedicels spreading while bearing the fruit, a little longer than
the calyx, which is 5-parted and spreading; limb of corolla flat,
a little longer than the tube. 1/. H. Native of Europe, and
the north of Asia, on the alps, and in dry alpine places; in
Scotland, on the elevated range of the Breadalbane moun-
tains. Lehm. asper. p. 86. Schultes, fl. austr. 1. p. 788.
Willd. enum. 1. p. 175. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 189. M. litho-
spermifolia, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 173. M. scorpioides, /3,
lithospermifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 175. M. suaveolens, Waldst.
et Kit. hung. ined. Willd. 1. c. M. odorata, Poir. suppl. 4.
p. 44. M. rupicola, Smith, engl. hot. t. 2559. M. Pyrenaica,
Pourr. mem. acad. toul. 3. p. 323. M. montana, Bess. fl. gal.
1. p. 142. Bieb. 3. p. 116. exclusive of the syn. of Erhr. pi.
volh. p. 8. M. alpina, Lapeyr. — Barrel, icon. t. 404. Root
brown. Stem beset with adpressed hairs, simple at bottom, but
divided at top into short racemes ; the raceme terminating the
stem, conjugate ; those terminating the branches solitary. Calyx
beset with hooked hairs ; segments linear-lanceolate, acute.
Tube of corolla shorter than the calyx ; limb blue ; throat yel-
low.— There are varieties of this with white and reiUlish flowers.
Alp Scorpion Grass. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PI. J foot.
10 M. nemorosa (Besser. pi. volii. p. 52. Ledeb. fl.alt. 1.
p. 188.) stem erect, acute-angled, shining and smooth at the
base ; racemes loose, naked ; fruit bearing pedicels a little
longer than the calyxes ; calyx 5-toothed, exceeding the tube
of the corolla, hispid from strigae, as well as the leaves. 7/. H.
Native of Altaia, in woods and groves near Riddersk, &c. M.
laxiflora, Rchb.
Grove Scorpion-grass. Fl. June, Aug. PI. g foot.
11 M. rotundif6lia (Wall. cat. no. 930.) plant tufted, beset
with short strigae ; leaves small, oval-roimdish : radical ones on
long petioles ; upper cauline leaves sessile ; racemes terminal,
twin. 11. H. Native of Kamaon. Stems simple, erect.
Nuts unknown. Nearly allied to 71/. alpestris.
Round-leaved Scorpion-grass. PI. 5 foot.
12 M. ? longiflora (Wall. cat. no. 929.) root creeping;
stems smoothish, prostrate or ascending ; leaves ovate, mucro-
nate, on long petioles, beset with short strigae ; racemes short,
simple or twin, terminal. 2/. H. Native of Simla and Ka-
maon. Racemes and calyxes strigose. Calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla
salver-shaped, white or blue. Nuts unknown. Habit of a
species of Ompluilodes.
Long-Jiowered Scorpion-grass. PL prostrate, creeping.
13 M.PALu'sTRis (With. p. 225.) hairs of the stem adpressed;
leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, rather scabrous from strigae ;
racemes bractless ; pedicels diverging while bearing the fruit,
nearly twice the length of the calyx, which is 5-parted, obtuse,
and spreading, and equalling the tube of the corolla ; limb of
corolla flat, longer than the tube. 1^. H. Native throughout
Europe, Asia, and North Ame-
rica, in humid meadows, bogs, FIG. 36.
banks of rivers, rivulets, and
ditches ; plentiful in Britain, in
like situations. Lehm. asper.
p. 88. Hoffm. et Link, fl.
port. 1. p. 174. Bess. fl. gal.
I.p.l42. M. perennis, Moench.
bass. no. 154. Lapeyr. abr.
p. 84. D. C. syn. fl. fr. no.
2725. M. scorpioides, Horn,
hort. hafn. 1. p. 173. Pursh,
fl. 1. p. 133. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 746. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 54.
Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 118.
Michx. fl. 1. p. 129. M. scor-
pioides, var. palustris, Lin.
spec. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 188. fl.
suec. ed. 2d. no. 157. Smith,
fl. brit. 1. p. 212. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 27. t. 65. Smith, engl.
hot. 1973. St. Hil. pi. fr. 3. t. 264. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 5.
with a figure. Svensk, hot. 1. t. 72. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p.
189. Echioides palustris, Moench, meth. p. 416. Plant pale
green, roughish. Stems creeping at the base. Racemes simple
or conjugate. Corolla blue ; throat yellow ; tube length of
calyx ; segments of the limb obovate, emarginate, or obcordate.
— There is also a variety of this with white flowers. This, the
Forget-me-not, is the emblem of affection among the Germans.
It is now a general favourite, and deservedly so ; its beauty is
so striking as to have acquired for it a kind of proverbial name.
Few who have observed the flower are likely to forget it.
Var. /j, parvifiora (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 189.) flowers 3 times
smaller, and more crowded than in the species. % . H. Native
near Barnaoul.
Marsh Scorpion Grass, or Forget me not. Fl. April, May.
Britain. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
14 M. reVens (G. Don, Hook. fl. scot. p. 83. under M.
paliistris. Engl. hot. suppl. t. 2703.) hairs of the stem spread-
ing ; leaves obovate, obtuse, rather strigose ; calyx covered
BORAGINE^. XXVII. Myosotis.
345
with adpressed bristles, deeply 5-cleft when in fruit, mostly
connivent, shorter than the diverging pedicels ; limb of tlie
corolla flat, longer than the tube : lobes somewhat emarginate.
Tl . H. Native of Scotland ; and in Yorkshire, Kent, and Sus-
sex, in open heaths and parts of forests. Root creeping.
Leaves Ungulate. Nuts smooth. Plant pilose.
Creeping Scorpion Grass, or Mouse-ear. Fl. April, Aug.
Britain. PI. i foot.
15 M. coLLiNA (Hook. engl. bot. suppl. 2629. ed. 2d. t. 257.)
annual ; calyx beset with spreading, uncinate bristles, open and
ventricose when bearing tlie fruit, as long as the diverging pedi-
cels; limb of corolla concave, shorter than the tube. 0. H.
Native of Britain, common in dry fields, and on sunny sandy
banks, flowering early in summer, and soon withering away.
M. arvensis, Smith, engl. bot. 2558. engl. fl. 1. p. 252. Ra-
cemes without peduncles, the flowers beginning among the
leaves, sometimes from the very base of the stem. Corollas
small, blue, with a yellow throat.
Hill Scorpion Grass. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. \ to h foot.
16 M. arve'nsis (Sibth, fl. oxon. p. 68.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, hairy ; racemes bractless ; pedicels spreading
while bearing the fruit, twice as long as the calyx, which is
erect, 5-cleft, and open; limb of corolla erectly spreading,
nearly the length of the tube. 0. H. Native throughout
Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America, in corn fields and
in sterile dry places; plentiful in Britain in like situations.
Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 142. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 55. Bieb. fl. cauc.
1. p. 119. Willd. spec. 1. p. 747. Lehm. asper. p. 90. M.
annua, Moench, fl. hass. no. 153. Lapeyr. abr. p. 84. D. C.
syn. no. 2724. M. scorpioides, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 15.'5. M. scor-
pioides, var. a arvensis, Lin. spec. ed. 2d. p. 188. Smith, fl.
brit. 1. p. 212. engl. bot. suppl. 2629. CEd. fl. dan. t. 583. Bidl.
herb. t. 355. Lin. fl. suec. ed. 2d. no. 157. Echioides annua
Moench. meth. p. 416. — Hall, hist.no. 590. — Gerard, hist. p.
338 f. 4. — Lob. icon. 461. f. 2. Stem beset with spreading
hairs. Lower hairs of calyx hooked. Calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, unequal, conniving when in fruit. Corolla
with a white tube, which is a little shorter than the calyx ; limb
blue ; throat yellow ; segments hardly emarginate.
Var.fi. simplex (Pers. ench. 1. p. 156.) stem very simple;
leaves rosulate ; petals not emarginate ; flowers on short pedi-
cels. 0. H.
Far. c. alpina ; stem dwarf, branched, more pilose ; radical
leaves tufted ; flowering racemes revolute ; flowers on short
pedicels ; corolla small, blue, rarely white or purple, with a
yellow throat. ©. H.
Corn Scorpion Grass, or Mouse-ear. Fl. April, Aug. Bri-
tain. Pi. \ to 1 foot.
17 M. ve'rna (Nutt. gen. addend.) small and hairy; stem
simple ; radical leaves spatulate-oblong : cauline ones linear-
oblong ; spikes simple; flowers nearly sessile; seeds smooth
and shining. ©. H. Native of New Jersey, in sandy woods
and by way sides. Flowers small and white. Lycopsis Virginica,
Pursh ?.
Spring Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Fl. May, July. PI.
18 M. MULTiCAu'ns (Wall. cat. no. 7020.) plant rough from
short strigse ; stems numerous, simple, ascending, dividing into
racemiferous branches at top ; radical leaves oval, on long peti-
oles : lower cauline ones petiolate : upper cauline ones sessile,
oval-oblong; racemes numerous, axillary, and terminal, slender;
pedicels erect. 1/. H. Native of Nipaul, in Gosainsthan.
Stems many from the same root. Racemes twin or solitary.
Nuts unknown.
Mam/stemmed Mouse-ear. PI. ascending, 1 foot long.
19 M. pa'liens (Wall. cat. 7019.) hispid from strigse ; stems
erect, simple ; radical leaves rosulate : cauline ones lanceolate,
VOL. IV.
sessile, and half stem-clasping, bluntish, mucronate ; terminal
racemes twin, with a flower in the fork : axillary ones solitary ;
nuts unknown. 0. H. Native of Kamaon. Lower leaves
lanceolate-spatulate. Pedicels at length drooping. Nearly
allied to M. arvensis.
Pale Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
20 M. interme'dia (Link. enum. 1. p. 164.) stem erect,
branched, hispid ; leaves obversely lanceolate, or ovate-oblong,
hispid ; pedicels much longer than the flowers ; calyx beset
with hooked hairs, exceeding the corolla, closed in the fruit-
bearing state. 0.? H. Native of Europe, in humid places;
and of the Cape of Good Hope. M. arvensis, Lehm. asper. p.
90. but not of Lin. Drev. et Heyne, bild. 2. t. 51. M. in-
termedia, ft, parviflora, Ledeb. fl. alt. 1 p. 187. M. scorpi-
oides, Thunb. fl. cap. 183. Racemes strict, naked. Corolla
small, blue, with a yellow throat. This species is usually con-
founded with M. arvensis.
Intermediate Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Fl. April, May.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
31 M. VERSICOLOR (Roth. fl. germ. 2. p. 222.) leaves lanceo-
late, bluntish, hairy; racemes bractless ; pedicels erectly spread-
ing while in fruit, shorter than the calyx, which is 5-cleft, acute,
and closed ; limb of corolla spreading, shorter than the tube.
O. H. Native throughout Europe, in dry, arid places. Engl,
bot. ed. 2d. t. 258. M. scorpioides, Smith, engl. bot. 480. f. 1.
M. scorpioides, y, Lin. spec. ed. 2d. p. 189. Smith, fl. brit. 1.
p. 212. M. arvensis, var. y, versicolor, Pers. ench. 1. p. 156.
M. arvensis, ft, Willd. 1. p. 747. M. discolor, Lin. syst. ed.
15. p. 190. M. collina, Hoff'm. fl. germ. 1791. p. 61. Ehrli.
herb. p. 51.? M. arvensis, var. ft, Gmel. fl. bad. l.p. 411.
Smith, fl. brit. l.p. 213. Roth. 2. p. 223. — Knip. cent. 11. t. 80.
Stems angular, hairy, solitary, or tufted. Flowers on short pedi-
cels. Lower hairs of calyx hooked. Calycine segments unequal,
narrow-lanceolate, conniving when in fruit. Corolla small, blue,
with a yellow throat, or pale yellow ; segments of the limb
obtuse.
Var. ft, arenaria (Schrad. in litt. ex Lehm. asper. p. 93.
Schulz, starg. suppl. p. 12.) flowers small, all blue ; throat yel-
low ; stigma somewhat 2-lobed. 0. H. M. ramosissima,
Rochel. Leaves oblong, hispid. Tube of corolla exserted,
usually yellow.
Var. y, lUtea (Pers. ench. 1. p. 156. HoffVn. et Link, fl.
port. 1. p. 173.) stem scabrous, hairy ; superior leaves lanceo-
late, quite entire ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx. 0. H.
M. arvensis, var. ft, Willd. 1. p. 747. Anchiisa liUea, Cav.
icon. 1. p. 60. t. 69. f. 1. exclusive of the synonymes.
Party- coloured-^owereA Scorpion Grass, or Mouse-ear. Fl.
April, June. Britain. PI. | to 1 foot.
22 M. stri'cta (Link, enum. 1. p. 164. exclusive of var. ver-
sicolor. Roth. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 186.) stem branched at the
base, hispid as well as the leaves, which are oblong ; racemes
strict, naked; pedicels shorter than the c.ilyx ; calyx 5-cleft,
exceeding the tube of the corolla, hispid from hooked bristles.
0. H. Native of Siberia, in dry sterile places on hills near
Sogra, between Butokowna and Tscheremschuka. Flowers usu-
ally yellow.
Strict Mouse-ear. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PL 1 foot.
23 M. FoRSTE^Ri (Lehm. asper. p. 95.) leaves obovate-spa-
tulate, hispid from strigse ; racemes bractless ; pedicels ertclly
spreading while in fruit, length of calyx ; calycine segments ob-
long, bluntish, 3-nerved. 11 . G. Native of New Holland,
where it was collected by Forster. Root creeping ; fibres in
fascicles. Stems ascending, hispid. Racemes filiform.
Forster s Scorpion Grass. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
24 M. LiTT0RA~Lis (Stev. cat. liort. gorenki ? Lehm. asper.
p. d5.) radical leaves obovate, obtuse : cauline ones ovate-cor-
Y y
346
BORAGINEiE. XXVII. Myosotis.
(late, pilose above and nearly glabrous beneath ; flowers nearly
sessile, imbricate, disposed in spike-formed, bractless racemes.
O. H. Native on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Plant small
at the time of flowering, but afterwards more elongated. Radi-
cal leaves rosulate. Racemes solitary, pilose, many-flowered.
Calyx hairy; segments unequal, connivent, linear-lanceolate.
Tube of corolla length of calyx.
Sea-shore Scorpion Grass. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
25 M. pusiLLA (Lois, in Desv. journ. 2. p. 260. t. 8. f. 1.
not 36. D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 421. no. 2724. Lehm. asper. p. 96.)
radical leaves somewhat spatiilate, obtuse : cauline ones oblong,
pilose ; racemes sliort, leafy ; pedicels axillary, erect, much
shorter than tlie leaves ; tube of corolla a little longer than the
calyx; limb very short. 0. H. Native of Corsica, infields.
Root simple, slender^ with some long fibres. Stems simple,
numerous from the same root, pilose. Calycine segments
acute.
Least Mouse-ear. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. \ foot.
26 M. sPATULA^TA (Forst. prod. p. 12. no. 62.) stem filiform,
procumbent ; leaves petiolate, ovdte, distant, hispid from pili ;
pedicels lateral, one-half shorter than the leaves ; tube of corolla
much longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of New Zealand.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 175. Willd. spec. 1. p. 748. Lehm. in act.
soc. lial. a. t. 1. f. 2. asper. 97. Anchusa spatul^ta, Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 100. Stem pilose. Calyx obovate, with
lanceolate segments.
SpatulateAea.\eA Mouse-ear. PI. procumbent.
27 M. SERi'cEA (Lehm. asper. p. 98.) stem erect ; leaves
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, silky ; racemes leafy ; pedicels axil-
lary, erect when in fruit, length of the floral leaves ; tube of
corolla length of calyx. ©. H. Native of Siberia. Anchilsa
sericea, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 774. M. pectinata, Hort.
Stem silky, divided into many erect leafy racemes at apex.
Calycine segments linear, bluntish. Corollas large, blue.
Silky Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1802. PI. i to 1 foot.
28 M. FOLiosA (Lehm. asper. p. 99.) leaves spatulate-lan-
ceolate, roundish, obtuse, nearly glabrous ; flowers axillary, on
short pedicels, one-half shorter than the leaves ; tube of corolla
nearly the length of the calyx. %. G. Native of South Ame-
rica. Anchiisa foliosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 775.
Roots nearly simple. Stem scabrous from adpressed short
hairs. Racemes leafy. Calyx pilose ; with linear-lanceolate,
obtuse segments. Corolla rather pilose outside.
Leafy Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Pi. ^ to 1 foot.
29 M. viti-osA (Ledeb. act. nov. acad. petrop. 5. p. 516. no.
3. fl. alt. 1. p. 19). fl. ross. alt. ill, t. 215.) plant clothed with
white villi ; stems simple ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, 3-nerved, reti-
culately veined, villous ; racemes twin, bracteate ; bracteas
minute; pedicels hardly the length of the flowers; nuts trun-
cate, marginately toothed : teeth inflexed. % . H. Native of
Siberia, on the alps, along with Dryas octopetala ; and of the
bay of St. Lawience, along with 71/. alpestris. Lehm. asper. p.
100. Anchusa villosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 775.
Plant tufted, white from villi. Root woody. Stems simple,
divided at top into simple leafy racemes. Racemes axillary
and terminal. Calycine segments linear. Corolla rather large,
deep blue, with a pale throat.
Villous Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. PI. 5 foot.
30 M. ARETioiDEs (Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 443.) stems
tufied, clothed with long white hairs, divided at top ; leaves
densely imbricated, sessde, lanceolate, cuneate at the base,
acutish at the apex ; racemes cymose, twin, terminal, each
furnished with a leaf at the base. 1/. H. Native of the island
of St. Laurence. Stems hardly emerging from the tufts of
leaves. Surculi creeping. Pedicels longer than the calyxes.
Calycine segments lanceolate, acutish. Corolla salver-shaped ;
limb fine blue ; genitals inclosed.
Arelia-like Mouse-ear. PI. 2 to 4 inches.
31 M. rupe'stris (Pall. itin. 3. append, p. 716, E. f. 3.
R. Br. prod. p. 494.) plant silky ; leaves linear, villous ; ra-
cemes twin or tern, alternate, leafy at the top of the stem ; pedi-
cels erectly spreading while bearing the fruit, length of the floral
leaves, but exceeding the flowers. It. H. Native of Dahuria,
and Altaia, on the mountains, in dry rocky places. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 748. Lam. ill. p. 305. no. 1772. Lehm. asper. p.
100. Anchusa rupestris, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 100.
Root simple. Stems tufted, numerous from the same root,
simple, slender, canescent. Racemes axillary and terminal.
Calyx villous ; with spreading segments. Corolla large, showy,
deep blue, twice as long as the calyx. Nuts truncate, mar-
ginate, with the margins toothless. — There is a white-flowered
variety of this plant found at the river Tschuja.
ifoc/c Mouse-ear. Fl. July. Clt. 1802. PI. i to i foot.
S2 M. obova'ta (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 190.) plant rather
silky; stems tufted, simple; leaves obovate-oblong ; racemes
twin, bracteate ; pedicels hardly exceeding the flowers ; nuts
unknown. %. H. Native of Kamtschatka ; also of Dahuria,
near Nertschinsk. Root thick, woody. Radical leaves rosu-
late, all attenuated into the petioles. Flowers like those oi M.
rupestris.
Obovate-Xeayedi Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Fl. June,
July. PI. i to i foot.
33 M. fla'ccida (Dougl. mss. ex Lehm. pug. 2. p. 22.)
stem erect, branched ; leaves linear, strigose ; spikes bractless,
bifid ; calyx 5-parted, closely adpressed to the fruit, closed,
very hispid at the base and apex. ©. H. Native of North-
west America. Stem beset with adpressed hairs or strigae.
Calycine segments linear, obtuse. Corolla yellow, glabrous ;
limb short. Nuts ovate, beaked, smooth.
Flaccid Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. PI. I5 foot.
34 M. i.eucophce" A (Dougl. mss. ex Lehm. pug. 2. p. 22.,
stem erect ; leaves lanceolate-linear, silky above and strigose
beneath ; spikes crowded at the top of the stem, few-flowered ;
calyx very hispid ; nuts unknown. ©. H. Native of North-
west America. — A very pretty plant. Stem angular, beset with
adpressed hairs below, and spreading pili above. Leaves 3-
nerved. Spikes hispid. Calycine segments linear, obtuse, to-
mentose inside at apex. Corollas large, while : with roundish,
obovate segments.
LeucophoBous Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. PI. I foot.
35 M. PAUCIFLORA (Ledeb. in act. nov. acad. petrop. 5. p.
517. no. 4. Lehm. asper. 1. p. 101.) le.ives linear, villoiisly
hispid, hoary ; racemes conjugate, usually 3-flowered ; pedicels
3 times longer than the calyx when bearing the fruit ; bracteas
minute. %. H. Native of Dahuria. Anchusa pauciflora,
Roem. et Schultes, 4. p. 774. Plant clothed with white, shining
hairs. Stems simple, numerous from the same root. Racemes
terminal. CoroUa'large for the size of the plant, pale blue, with
a yellow throat.
Fen'-Jlowered Mouse-ear. PI. 5 to | foot.
§ 2. Nuts wrinkled, rugged, granular, or bristly.
36 M. peduncula'ris (Trev. in scrift. ges. freund.berol. 1813.
p. 147. t. 2. f. 6, 7, 8,9.) leaves elliptic-roundish, obtuse;
racemes many-flowered, bractless, loose ; pedicels longer than
the calyxes, thickened above while in fruit ; nuts pyramidal,
downy. ©. H. Native near Astrachan, in fields and vine-
yards. Lehm. asper. p. 102. Roots fibrous. Stems numerous
from the same root, beset with adpressed hairs, as well as the
leaves. Racemes terminal, simple. Calycine segments linear,
BORAGINE^. XXVri. Myosotis.
347
or lanceolate, erectly spreading. Nuts beset with hooked bris-
tles at the sides, nevertheless shining.
Peduncular Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Fl. May, June.
Clt. 1S21. PI. i to i foot.
37 M. TENUiFLORA (Viv. fl. llbyc. 9. t. 1. f. 2.) plant stri-
gose ; stem erect ; lower leaves spatulate : superior linear-
oblong ; calyx 5-parted, equal in length to the corolla, erect
when bearing the fruit ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, exceeding
tlie flowers. 0. H. Native of Cyrenaica, in dry, exposed
parts of mountains. Stem sparingly branched. Flowers dis-
posed in short, imbricate, solitary, terminal spikes. Calyx
hispid ; with linear, acute, connivent segments. Corolla fur-
nished with 5 fascicles of hairs inside. Nuts triquetrous, having
the margins and back tubercled.
Thin-Jlowered Mouse-ear. PI. i foot.
38 M. na'na (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 459.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, villous ; racemes few-flowered, leafy at bottom ; nuts den-
ticulately crenulated on the margins. %. H. Native of the
alps of Dauphiny, Piedmont, Switzerland, Tyrol, Carinthia,
Carniola, and Savoy. Vill. delph. 4. t. 13. prosp. p. 41. t. 23.
f. 3. All. ped. no. 189. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 261. Schmidt,
fl. boh. cent. 2. p. 27. Lam. ill. 1. p. 396. no. 1780. D. C.
syn. fl. fr. no. 2726. Lois. fl. gall. 1. p. 104. Sut. fl. helv. 1.
p. 102. Pers. ench. 1. p. 157. M. pauciflora, Vittm. summ.
1. p. 382. M. Terglovensis and M. nana, Vittm. summ. 1. p.
382. M. Terglovensis Hacq. pi. alp. earn. p. 21. t. 2. f. 6.
Aretia Hacq. in act. soc. hist. nat. beroi. 1780. p. 128. Lithos-
permum alpinum tomentosum minimum Tourn. inst. p. 137.
Plant tufted, the smallest species of the genus. Root blackish.
Stems numerous, simple, leafy. Radical leaves rosulate. Ra-
cemes simple, with hardly ever more than 4 flowers. Calyx
villous ; segments lanceolate, bluntish. Corollas large, sweet-
scented ; tube pale, about the length of the calyx; limb blue;
throat yellow ; segments ovate-roundish.
Dwarf Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1800. PI. 1 to 3 inches.
39 M. PECTiNATA (Pall. itin. vol. 3. append, no. 71. t. E. f.
4.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, villous ; racemes erect, strict, brac-
leate ; nuts truncate at the apex, pectinated by erect marginal
bristles. Ti.. H. Native among frigid, mossy rocks, at the
Jenissee ; also about the Baical, and in Kamtschatka. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 157. Willd. spec. 1. p. 750. Lam. ill. p. 396.
Lehm. asper. p. 105. Root fibrous, adhering to the fissures of
rocks. Stems erect, pilose, many from the same root, divided
into simple racemes at top. Calyx pilose, with lanceolate,
acute segments. Corolla blue, with a pale throat ; tube length
of calyx.
Pec/innte-fruited Mouse-ear. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
40 M. cilia'ta (Rudolph, in mem. acad. st. petersb. 1809.
vol. 1. p. So'i. t. 11. Led. fl. ah. 1. p. 191. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
215.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, canescent, strigose, as well as
the stems ; racemes many, bracteate, loose ; nuts truncate at the
apex, girded by a toothed marijin, having the teeth erect and
ciliated. %. H. Native of Siberia, in exposed places at the
Jenissee, especially near Krasnajarsk ; also of the Altaian moun-
tains, near Salair. Root perpendicular, fibry. Stems simple,
many from the same root, divided into numerous loose racemes
at top, strigose and canescent. Pedicels 3 times as long as the
flowers. Calyx pilose, with linear segments. Corolla twice
as long as the calyx ; throat closed by 5 peculiar scales.
Habit of Echinospermum barhatum.
Ciliated-\.oo\\\ei\ Mouse-ear. PI. ' to 1 foot.
41 M. a'lbida (H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.3.p. 91.) stem
erect, much branched, and are, as well as the leaves, hispid, white ;
leaves sessile, linear, acutish ; spikes terminal, leafy ; flowers
sessile ; calyx closed ; nuts scabrous. ©. H. Native of
Mexico, near San Juan del Rio, and Hacienda de Lira, at the
altitude of 1000 hexapods. Lithospermum ramosiim, Lehm.
asper. p. 328. ex Lam. Leaves 1 to 1| inch long, and one line
broad. Corollas very minute, yellow, glabrous ; and the pro-
cesses of the throat orange-coloured. Calyx hispid, with
linear-lanceolate segments.
Whitened Mouse-ear. PI. 1 foot.
42 M. GRANULOSA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 5. no. 1.) stem
erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, bluntish, rather hispid ; corolla
twice longer than the calyx; nuts granular. ©. H. Native of
Peru, in sandy places in the provinces of Lima and Chancay.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 157. Lehm. asper. p. 108. Plant hispid, or
strigose. Root fusiform, fibry. Branches disposed in a
corymbose manner. Racemes terminal. Flowers distant.
Calyx hairy, with obtuse segments. Corolla white. Nuts
ovate.
Grawu/ar-fruited Mouse-ear. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
43 M. iiu'milis (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 5. no. 4.) stems
procumbent ; leaves linear, hispid ; flowers lateral, secimd ;
nuts rugose. 1/ . G. Native of Peru, in fields. Pers. ench.
1. p. 157. Lehm. asper. p. 108. Plant hispid from pili.
Root fusiform, fibry. Middle stems erect. Flowers on short
pedicels. Calycine segments lanceolate. Corolla white, longer
than the calyx. Nuts ovate.
Humble Mouse-ear. PI. procumbent.
44 M. fu'lva (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. hot. p. 38.)
hispid; stem erect, nearly simple; leaves remote, broad-linear,
bluntish ; racemes spike-formed, conjugate, bractless ; calyx
densely pilose, deeply 5-parted ; nuts only 2, and one of which
is abortive. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Conception. Stem
slightly branched upwards. Root fusiform, simple. Pedicels
and calyxes clothed with fulvous hairs. Leaves strigose. Co-
rolla white. Nuts wrinkled.
Fulvous-haueA Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. PI. 1 foot.
45 M. micra'ntha (Pall, in litt. ex Lehm. asper. p. 109.)
stems difflise, decumbent ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, obtuse,
strigose ; flowers nearly sessile, interfoliaceous ; nuts rugose,
with prominent ribs. — Native of Siberia, at the Volga. Stems
strigose, branched, many from the same root. Flowers distant,
secund, axillary, and interfoliaceous. Calyx hairy ; segments
lanceolate, elongated and spreading when in fruit. Corolla
small, a little longer than the calyx. Nuts ovate.
Small -flowered Mouse-ear. Pi. procumbent.
46 M. Chorisia'na (Cham, in Linnaea, 4. p. 444.) plant beset
with white strigose pili ; radical leaves linear, acute, obscurely
3-nerved ; stems filiform, ascending, usually simple, bearing
racemes from the base ; segments of calyx, bearded at apex ;
stigma capitate; nuts wrinkled. ©. $1. H. Native of New
California, at port St. Francisco. Calyx beset with adpressed
strigae. Radical leaves 3 inches long, and 2 lines broad. Co-
rolla rotate. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Said to
agree in hairiness and duration with 71/. ccespitdiu, Schultes, and
in the racemes being leafy at bottom with AI. parviflbra, but the
nuts are wrinkled, and the habit peculiar.
Choris's Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. PI. J to 1 foot.
47 M. glo.mera"ta (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 112.) stem erect,
simple ; leaves spatiilate-linear, those on the stem rather acute,
hairy ; spikes pedunculate, axillary, conglomerate, bifid, sessile
above ; calyx extremely hispid ; lobes of corolla entire. $ ■
H. Native of the Missouri, on arid, argillaceous hills, around
the great Bend. Cynoglossum glomeratum, Pursh. fl. amer. 2.
p. 729. Rochelia glomerata, Torrey. Radical leaves villous,
obovate-spatulate. Corolla white ; tube constricted near the
base. Stigma capitate. Stamens included beneath the arched
prot\iberances of the orifice. Nuts rugose, with an elevated,
scabrous, or minutely crenulated ridge in the centre.
Y y 2
M8
BORAGINEjE. XXVIII. EXARRHENA. XXIX. BOTIIRIOSPERMUM. XXX. ECHINOSPERMUM.
Glomerate-s-piked Mouse-ear, or Scorpion Grass. Fl. May,
Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. I to 1 foot.
f Sjiecies not sufficiently known.
48 M. AUSTRALis (R. Br. prod. p. 495.) hispid; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate ; calyxes equal to the tube of the corolla, beset
with hooked hairs. © ?. H. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson ; and of Van Diemen's Land. R. Br. says
that the anthers are peltate in Myosbtis, and that there is
hardly any difference between it and Anchusa, unless in the one
the racemes are bractless, and bracteate in the other.
Soulhern Mouse-ear. PI.
49 M. ALPiNA (Lapeyr. abr. p. 85. fl. pyr. t. 64.) nuts
smooth ; stem simple, sub-bifid ; flowers capitate ; calyxes
hoary from villi ; leaves lanceolate, those at the bottom of the
stem very villous, i;. H. Native of the Pyrenees. This is
a peculiar species.
Alpine Mouse-ear. PI. tufted.
50 M. LiNGULA^TA (Lchm. asper. p. 110.) the specimen
received by Lehmann under this name is nearly allied to M.
palustris, and is probably the M. commutata, Schultes. It has
also been received under the name of M. ul'iginbsa, Schrad.
Linguhitc-\ea.\ei}i Mouse-ear. PI. 1 . foot ?
51 M. RAMOsissiMA (Rochcl, Lehm. asper. p. 111.) stem
much branched, beset with spreading hairs ; floriferous branches
beset with adpressed bristles ; calyx divided beyond the middle,
unequal, a little shorter than the corolla : with linear, hispid,
obtuse segments. ©. H. Native country unknown. Flow-
ers very small, blue.
Much-branched Mouse-ear. PI. 5 to | foot.
Cult. Some of the species of this genus are very delicate and
beautiful when in blossom, as M. palustris, the Forget-me-not,
M. riipestris, M. ripens, M. nana, and all the perennial kinds.
They thrive best in moist places, or by the edges of ponds or
ditches ; they also may be grown in pots and placed among the
other alpine plants. The annual species grow best in dry sandy
soil, or on old walls where the seed may be sown. Most of the
perennial species may be increased by dividing at the root, and
all by seed.
XXVIII. EXARRHE'NA(£^, ex, without; am\upi>ny,arrhen,
a male ; in reference to the exserted stamens.) R. Br. prod. p.
495. Lehm. asper. 76.
Lin. syst. Pent&ndria Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
salver-shaped ; throat closed by arched processes ; limb 5-
parted, obtuse. Stamens exserted ; anthers peltate. Style
length of stamens ; stigma nearly simple. Nuts 4, distinct,
1-celled, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, umbilicate at the
base. — A pilose herb, with the habit of Myosbtis, and differs
principally from that genus in the exserted stamens. Leaves
decurrent. Racemes conjugate or solitary, bractless. Flowers
white, sweet-scented.
1 E. suave'olens (R. Br. 1. c.) © ?. H. Native of Van
Diemen's Land. Lehm. asper. 1. c. Myosotis suaveolens,
Poir. suppl. 4. p. 44.
Srveel-scentcd-^owereA. Exarrhena. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Myosbtis above.
XXIX. BOTHRIOSPE'RMUM (from /Boflpio,-, hothrion, a
small pit, and trwipfxa, sperma, a seed ; in reference to a deep
pit on the inner side of each carpel.) Bunge, in mem. acad.
petersb. 2. p. 121.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, perma-
nent at length, a little widened or increased. Corolla salver-
shaped ; throat furnished with bifid, arched processes ; tube
short ; limb 5-cleft. Anthers nearly sessile, oblong. Stigma
capitate. Nuts 4, 1-celled, fixed to the bottom of the calyx,
reniform, granular on the outside, perforated at the base, and
deeply umbilicate on the inner side; each pit girded by a neck.
— This genus is nearly allied to Myosbtis, Exarrhena and
Borago. Habit of Myosbtis.
1 B. Chine'nse (Bunge, 1. c.) $ . H. Native of China,
near Pekin, among rubbish. Herb very hairy. Leaves oblong,
entire, attenuated into the petioles. Racemes leafy. Flowers
blue, like those of Myosbtis. All parts of the plant are more
robust than most species of Myosbtis.
China Bothriospermum. PI. 1 foot ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Myosbtis above.
SuBTRiBE II. CYNOGLO'SSEiE. Nuts fixed to the central
column, not perforated at the base.
XXX. ECHINOSPE'RMUM (from £x<"os, ecUnos, a hedge-
hog, and antpfxa, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds or
nuts being echinated.) Swartz, ex Lehm. asper. p. 1 13. Blum,
bijd. 846. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 197. Myosotis species, Lin.
Juss. Lam. &'c. Lam. ill. t. 91. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 68. f. 1.—
Lappula Rivin. — Moench. meth. l.p. 416. — Rochelia, Lam. ill.
t. 91, under Myosotis. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. xi. and p.
108. — Echioides species, Moench.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped, or funnel-shaped ; throat furnished with short
scales ; limb 5-parted, obtuse, spreading. Nuts 4, distinct,
1-celled, triangular, compressed, echinated, fixed to the central
column, not perforated at the base. — Scabrous, annual, or bien-
nial-branched, erect plants. Leaves decurrent. Racemes brac-
teate, terminal. Flowers small, blue. " The Linnean species
of Myosbtis, with echinated fruit, constitute a distinct genus,
nearly allied to Cynoglossum, from the nuts being adnate to the
central column, but differs from that genus in the nuts being
compressed, not depressed, and in the racemes being bracte-
ate." R. Br. prod. p. 494.
§ 1. Fruit drooping, or deflexed. Racetnes almost bractless.
1 E. Zeyla'nicum (Lehm. asper. p. 116.) leaves somewhat
cordately ovate, callously hispid : racemes erect, very long,
bractless ; nuts densely clothed with sub-imbricate, glochidate
prickles. 11. H. Native of Ceylon, on the sea-shore among
the sand. Myosotis Zeylanica, Swartz in litt. Lehm. in
act. soc. schrift, hall. 3. p. 20. Cynoglossum Zeylanicum
Thunb. in litt. Anchiisa Zeylanica, Valil. herb. Horn. enum.
hort. hafn. 1807. Rochelia Zeylanica, Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 108. Plant hispid, erect, branched. Corollas small, blue,
a little longer than the calyx. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse.
Ceylon Echinospermura. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 E. ViRGiNicuM (Lehm. asper. p. 117.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, scabrous above, downy beneath ; racemes divari-
cate, bracteolate ; nuts beset with dense, scattered, glochidate
prickles. ©. H. Native of North America, in woods, espe-
cially in Virginia, Carolina, and Kentucky. Myosotis Vir-
ginica, Lin. spec. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 189. Pursh. fl. 1. p.
134. Willd. spec. 1. p. 748. Mill. diet. no. 1. Michx. fl.
bor. 1. p. 129. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 56. Rochelia virginica,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 108. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 449. sect.
1 1 . t. 30. f. 9. Myosotis seminibus hispidis, foliis lanceolato-
ovatis, Gron. virg. p. 19. Plant erect, scabrous, branched;
hairs on the stem retrograde. Corolla white, a little longer
than the calyx. Calyx pilose, with ovate lanceolate segments,
which are elongated and divaricate in the fruit-bearing state.
" Leaves large. Flowers small, pale blue." Pursh. 1. c.
BORAGINE^. XXX. Echinospeemum.
349
Virginian Ecliinospermum. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1699.
PI. 1 to li foot.
3 E. Java'nicum (Lelim. asper. p. 118. Blum, bijdr. p. 846.)
leaves lanceolate, strigose above, hairy beneath ; racemes erect,
loose, bifid, bractless ; nuts depressed, densely clothed with
scattered, somewhat imbricate, glociiidate prickles. Ij. . H.
Native of Java, on mounts Gede and Salak, in dry, exposed
places. Myosotis Javanica, Swartz in litt. Lehm. in act. soc.
schrift. hall. 3. p. 20. Rochelia Javanica, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 108. Cynoglossum Javanicum,Thunb. in litt. Stem
erect, downy. Racemes bifid. Corolla blue ; tube a little
longer than the calyx, hispid, with ovate obtuse segments.
This species differs from E. Virginicum, to which it is very
nearly allied, in the floriferous branches being erect, not divari-
cate, in the leaves being elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminated,
strigose above, and hairy beneath, not villous ; and in the
racemes being longer and bractless.
Java Echinospermum. PI. 1 foot.
4 E. BoRBONicuM (Lehm. asper. p. 119.) suffruticose ; leaves
lanceolate-linear, very long, nearly naked ; racemes erect, bract-
less ; nuts beset with densely scattered, very short, glochidate
prickles. fj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Myosotis
Borbonica, Lehm. in act. soc. scrift. hall. 3. p. 25. t. 2.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 157. Myosotis Borboniac, Lam. ill. 1. p. 396.
no. 1777. diet. 4. p. 401. Rochelia Borbonica, Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 108 Stem scabrous, branched at top.
Leaves scabrous above from white dots, and almost glabrous
beneath. Flowers in 2 rows. Calyx obovate ; with oblong lan-
ceolate, bluntish segments. Corolla as in Myosotis palustris.
Bourbon Echinospermum. Slirub 1 to 1^ foot.
5 E. defle'xum (Lehm. asper. p. 120 ) leaves oblong-lance-
olate, bluntish, hairy ; racemes erectly spreading, bracteolate at
the base ; nuts having a simple series of prickles along the
margins, which are connate at the base, and glochidate at the
apex. $ . H. Native of Lapland, Norway, Hungary, Siberia,
and Styria, at the bottom of the Alps, in stony shady places.
Myosotis deflexa, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 47. fl. lapp. p. 55. act.
stockh. 1810. p. 113. t. 4. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 174. Oed.
fl. dan. t. 1568. Rochelia deflexa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 109. Root fusiform, fibry. Stem hispid, branched at top.
Calyx hairy, with oblong, obtuse segments, which are elongated,
divaricate, and reflexed in the fruit-bearing state. Corolla size
and colour of E. Idppula. There are varieties of this, with
blue or white, smaller or larger corollas.
Deflexed-calyxed Echinospermum. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1820. PI. i to 1 foot.
§ 2. Fruit erect. Racemes leafy.
6 E. la'ppula (Lehm. asper. p. 121.) stem branched at top ;
leaves lanceolate, beset with incumbent strigas, ciliated ; calyx
at length spreading, exceeding the pedicels ; corolla small,
exceeding the calyx, with an erectly spreading limb ; nuts fur-
nished with a double row of glochidate prickles along the mar-
gins, having the disk and sides tubercled. ©. H. Native of
Europe, Asia, and North America, among rubbish, stones,
and on walls ; and of China, on mountains. Myosotis Lappula,
Lin. spec. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 189. fl. suec. ed. 2d. no. 158. All.
ped. 1. p. 191. Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 112. Bess. fl.
gall. 1. p. 145. Pursh. fl. 1. p. 134. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p.
118. Oed. fl. dan. t. 692. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 56. Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 120. Lam. ill. 91. Lappula Myosotis, Mcench.
meth. p. 417. Cynoglossum Lappula, Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2d.
vol. 1. p. 25. Rochelia Lappula, Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 109. — Hall. hist. helv. no. 589. — Column, ecphr. p.
179. icon. — Clus, hist. 2. p. 163. f. 1. Root fusiform. Stems
scabrous from pili, branched at top. Calycine segments linear-
lanceolate, spreading in the fruit-bearing state. Corolla with a
very short tube ; limb exceeding the calyx, blue. There is
also a white flowering variety.
Far. li. sfjuarrdsuiii (Lehm. asper. 1. p. 122.) angles of nuts
beset with hooked prickles ; leaves lanceolate, pilose, callous at
apex. ©. H. Myosotis squarrosa, Retz. obs. 2. p. 9. no. 10.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 749, exclusive of the syn. of Pall. Pers. ench.
1. p. 157.
Burdock Echinospermum. Fl. Aprd, Aug. Clt. 1656. PI.
1 to U foot.
7 E. heteraca'nthum (Ledeb. suppl. ind. hort. dorp. 1823.
p. 3. fl. alt. 1. p. 198.) stem erect, branched above; leaves
strigose ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; calyxes at length,
spreading, exceeding the pedicels ; nuts furnished with 2 rows
of glochidate prickles along the margins : those in the inner vow
connate at the base, having the disk tubercled, and the sides
tubercled and prickly. ©. H. Native near Astrachan.
Various-spincd Echinospermum. PI. 1 foot.
8 E. interme'dium (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 199. fl. ross. alt. ill.
t. 180.) stem branched above; leaves strigose; corolla length
of calyx ; flowers pedicellate ; pedicels a little longer than the
calyx in the fruit-bearing state ; nuts furnished with a single
row of horizontal, approximate, glochidate prickles along the
margins, having the disk granulated, and the sides wrinkled.
O. H. Native of Altaia, in sandy places at the river Katunga.
Habit exactly of E. Lappula. Stem hi>pid. Leaves oblong-
linear. Racemes solitary or twin. Bracteas ciliated. Corollas
blue.
Intermediate Echinospermum. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
9 E. pa'tulum (Lehm. asper. p. 124.) branches divaricate,
spreading ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, beset with spreading stri-
gae ; corolla length of calyx, at length spreading ; flowers ses-
sile ; nuts furnished with a single row of distant, elongated,
glochidate prickles along the margins, having the sides and disk
beset with acute prickles. Q. H. Native of Caucasus, at the
rivers Kuma and Terek ; also on the lower Volga, about
Sarepta, and about the town of Astrachan, &c. Myosotis
squarrosa, Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 120, exclusive of the synonyraes of
Retzius, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 174. Willd. enum. 1. p. 176.
Rochelia squarrosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 124. M.
Lappula, var. Pall, itin 3. p. 718. no 71, in a note. Root
simple, perpendicular. Stem beset with rigid spreading hairs.
Calyx pilose ; segments linear, erectly spreading inflorescence,
but in the fruit- bearing state they are divaricate and elongated.
Corolla small, blue, a little longer than the calyx, like those of
Myosotis arvensis.
Spreading-hx?inc\\e<\. Echinospermum. Fl. April, Aug. Clt.
1802. PI. i to li foot.
10 E. sTRlfcTUM (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 200. fl, ross. alt. ill. t. 27.)
branches erect ; leaves lanceolate, beset with spreading strigae ;
tube of corolla length of calyx ; flowers pedicellate ; pedicels
when bearing the fruit length of calyx ; nuts furnished with a
single row of erect, approximate, glochidate prickles along the
margins, keeled and beset with obtuse tubercles on the disk, and
wrinkled on the sides. ©. H. Native of Altaia, in sandy
places at the river Irtysch, between the river Kurtschum and
Lake Noor-Saisan. Stems many from the same root. Limb
of corolla pale blue. Bracteas much smaller than in E. piitidum.
Strict Echinospermum. PI. 1 foot.
11 E. TE^NUE (Ledeb. fl. alt. l.p. 201. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 182.)
stem branched above, hispid from strigse, as well .is the leaves ;
leaves oblong-linear, obtuse ; corolla exceeding the calyx a
little ; calyxes when bearing the fruit divaricate, twice as long as
the pedicels ; nuts furnished with a single row of short, distant,
glochidate prickles along the margins, having the disk a little
350
BORAGINE^. XXX. Echinospermum.
keeled, anil the sides tubercled. Q. H. Native of Altaia, at
the river Tscharysdi, and near Smejow. The whole plant is his-
pid from spreading hairs. Racemes terminal, elongated, usually
solitary, rarely twin ; bracteas narrow, ciliated. Corolla pale
blue. Segments of calyx linear.
Slender Echinospermum. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
12 E. microca'rpum (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 202. fl. ross. alt. ill.
t. 183.) stems branched above, and are, as well as the leaves,
silky from strigse ; leaves oblong, or ovate-oblong, attenuated at
the base : radical ones rosulate ; tube of corolla exceeding the
calyx; segments of calyx erectly spreading while bearing the
fruit, about equal in length to the pedicels ; nuts furnished with
a single row of approximate, glochidate prickles along the mar-
gins, having the disk a little keeled, and the keel and sides
tubercled. S . H. Native of Altaia, in stony places, near tlie
summits of the Arkaul mountains ; and on mountains near
Bucktorminsk, and near the mine of Nicolajew. Stems many
from the same root. Racemes terminal, and sometimes axillary.
Bracteas ciliated. Corolla with a pale blue limb ; and the
scales on the throat yellow.
Small-fruited Echinospermum. PI. | to 1 foot.
13 E. CoNDYLOPHORUM (Lehm. asper. p. 125.) branches diva-
ricately reflexed ; leaves lanceolate, villous ; pedicels thickened
when beariuij the fruit ; nuts furnished with a single row of
glochidate prickles along the margins. 1/. . H. Native of
Siberia. Root fusiform, simple, woody. Stem branched above,
beset with incumbent hairs. Racemes for the most part conju-
gate, with a solitary flower in the fork ; flowers distant. Calyx
strigose ; with oblong acutish segments, which are elongated
and divaricate in the fruit-bearing state. Corolla fine blue:
tube nearly the length of the calyx.
Club-bearing Echinospermum. PI. 1 foot.
14 E. brahyce'ntrum (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 203. fl. ross. alt. ill.
t. 302.) stems branched above, and are, as well as the leaves,
rather silky from adpressed soft strigje ; leaves as in E. micro-
cdrpum ; tube of corolla a little shorter than the calyx ; but
twice shorter than the limb ; calycine segments erect in the
fructiferous state, exceeding the pedicels ; nuts edged with a
single row of very short prickles, having the disk and sides
tubercled. 0. 1/ .H. Native of Altaia, in exposed stony places
between Butakowa and Tscheremschuka, and near Buchtar-
minsk. Very like E. microedrpiim. Racemes elongated. Calyx
hairy. Corollas varying to blue, red, and white.
Short-spurred Echinospermum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
15 E. SEMiGLA BRUM (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 204. fl. ross. alt. ill.
t. 28.) leaves oblong, glabrous above, but hi^pid beneath, as
well as the stems which are branched ; tube of corolla length of
calyx, and about equal in length to the pedicels ; nuts furnished
with a single row of very long glochidate prickles along the
margins, having the disk keeled and prickly, and the sides
tubercled. ©. H. Native of Altaia, in saltish sandy places at
the river Irtysch, not far from the Lake called Noor-Saisan.
Stems many from the same root, rather tufted. Radical leaves
rosulate, sub-spatulate, obtuse : cauline leaves ciliated at the
base. Racemes solitary or twin, bracteate. Calyx hispid.
Corollas small white, rarely pale blue.
Half-glabrous Echinospermum. PI. J to 1 foot.
16 E. macra'nthum (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 205. fl. ross. alt. ill.
t. 29.) stem branched; leaves strigose, oblong, obtuse, tapering
to the base; corollas twice as large as the spreading calyx;
fruit-bearing pedicels about equal in length to the calyx ; nuts
furnished with a single row of glochidate prickles, which are
dilated at the base, upper ones the smallest, having the disk
keeled; the keel prickly, and the sides somewhat tubercled.
©. or^. H. Native of Altaia, in sandy, saltish places, at the
river Istysch, not far from the Lake called Noor-Saisan. Stem
solitary, or many from the same root. Leaves strigose. Ra-
cemes terminal, erect, strict. Bracteas similar to the leaves.
Calyx hispid. Corolla with a white tube, one-half shorter than
the calyx, and a blue limb, which is 3 times longer than the
tube.
Large-florvered Echinospermum. PI. 5 to I5 foot.
17 E. MINIMUM (Lehm. asper. p. 12(5.) branches divaricate;
leaves lanceolate, obtuse, beset with spreading hairs ; pedicels
thickened in the fruit-bearing state ; nuts large, furnished with
a single row of somewhat branched, glochidate, very long
prickles along the margins. 0. H. Native of Siberia, at the
Volga, in nitrous places. Myosotis echinophora, Pall. itin. 3.
append, no. 71. t. j. i. f. 1. Willd. spec. 1. p. 750. Rochelia
echinophora, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 110. Plant hispid
from white hairs. Root simple, perpendicular. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, elongated, and spreading in the fruit-bearing
state. Corolla small, nearly the length of the calyx, with a
blue limb and a white throat.
Least Echinospermum. PI. \ foot.
18 E. Redowskii (Lehm. asper. p. 127.) stem simple,
straight ; leaves lanceolate-linear, beset with spreading hairs,
reflexed ; nuts furnished with a single row of short glochidate
prickles along the margins. $ . H. Native of Russia. Myosotis
Redowskii, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 174. Rochelia Redowskii,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 110. Root fusiform. Stem
strigose. Racemes lateral and terminal, simple or bifid. Calyx
pilose, with linear segments, hardly the length of the corolla,
elongated and spreading in the fruit-bearing state.
Redowskis Echinospermum. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819,
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
19 E. barba'tum (Lehm. asper. p. 128.) stem branched
above ; leaves lanceolate, beset with incumbent hairs ; corolla
large, with a flat limb ; nuts furnished with a double row of
very short glochidate prickles along the edges. 0. H. Native
of Tauria, on calcareous mountains, to Caucasus and Iberia, in
gravelly and exposed places. Myosotis barbata, Bieb. fl. cauc.
1. p. 121. pi. cent. ross. t. 36. Myosotis, Pall. cat. pi. taur. in
nov. act. petrop. 1792. p. 303. Rochelia barbata, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 110. Root fibry, reddish. Stem beset
with soft incumbent hairs. Branches leafy, bearing the flowers
at the apex, for the most part bifid. Calyx villous, with oblong,
acutish segments, which spread in the fruit-bearing state. Co-
rolla fine azure blue, size of those of Myosotis palustris. Pro-
cesses of the throat orange colour.
£cn!iY/crf Echinospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 to U foot.
20 E. gra'cile (Lehm. asper. p. 129.) stems procumbent,
filiform; leaves linear ; nuts echirated ; echinse glochidate. 0.
H. Native of Chili, about Conception in fields, and on hills.
Myosotis gracilis, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 5 and 6. no. 3.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 157. Rochelia gracilis, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 11 1. Root capillary. Plant rather hispid. Flowers
lateral, secund, disposed in a loose, leafy raceme. Corolla
white.
Weak Echinospermum. PI. procumbent.
21 E. margina'tum (Lehm. asper. p. 130.) stem erect,
branched above ; leaves oblong, obtuse, beset with spreading
hairs ; nuts furnished with a single row of glochidate prickles
along the margins, which are combined to the middle. 0. H.
Native on the Lower Volga, about Astrachan, in vineyards and
sandy places. Myosotis marginata, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 120.
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 174. Willd. enum. 1. p. 176. Rochelia
marginata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 110. Root simple,
perpendicular. Stem pilose. Racemes erect. Calyx pilose ;
segments lanceolate, spreading in the fruit-bearing state. Co-
rolla small, a little longer than the calyx, blue.
BORAGINEjE. XXX. EcHiNospERMUM. XXXI. Rochelia. XXXII. Omphalodes.
351
Marginatc-fruhed Ecliinospermum. Fl. April, Aug. Clt.
1822. P). I to 1 foot.
22 E. DirFu'suM (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 33.) stem and leaves
hairy ; radical leaves petiolate, oblong-laneeolate : upper cauline
ones ovate, obtuse, sessile ; racemes erect, simple, bracteate ;
nuts covered with glochidate prickles all over. 0. H. Native
of the north-west coast of America. Myosotis difFiisa, Dougl.
mss. Stem divided at top into racemiferous branches. Leaves
somewhat 3-nerved. Pedicels subsecund, drooping in the fructi-
ferous state. Calycine segments oblong-linear, blunt. Corollas
large, white.
Diffuse Echinospermum. PI. 1 foot.
23 E. cynoglossoi'des (Lehm. asper. p. 131.) stems erect,
suflTruticose ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, hispid ; nuts furnished
with a single row of long, glochidate prickles along the margins,
which are combined to the middle. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Myosotis cynoglossoides. Lam. ill. no.
1778. p. 390. Pers. ench. 1. p. 157. Cynogl. echinatum,
Thunb. in Sclirad. new. journ. bot. 1806. p. 48. prod. 1. p.
3t. Pers. ench. 1. p. 60. Willd. spec. 1. p. 763. RochMia
cynoglossoides, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 111. Stems nu-
merous, branched from the base, clothed with adpressed hairs.
Racemes erect, secund. Calyx hispid ; with lanceolate-acute
segments, which spread in the manner of a star in the fruit-bear-
ing state. Corolla blue ?
Cynnglossum-like Echinospermum. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
24 E. VahliaVa (Lehm. asper. p. 132.) stem suffruticose,
dichotomously branched at top ; leaves linear, densely pilose,
greyish ; nuts muricately spinose. Pj . G. Native about Alex-
andria. Myosotis spinocarpus, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 32. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 750. Lehm. in act. nat. scrut. hal. 3. 2. p. 24. t. 1.
f. 1. Anchilsa spinocarpus, Forsk. descr. p. 41. Del. egypt.
p. 42. t. 17. f. 3. Plant greyish. Leaves bluntish. Pedun-
cles axillary, solitary, in the branches. Leaves 2 under each
calyx. Keel of nuts toothed.
Vahl's Echinospermum. Shrub | foot.
Cult. Most of the species of this genus have rather a weed-
like appearance ; and therefore they are only to be found in
botanical gardens. They are of the most easy culture ; only
requiring the treatment given to other common hardy annuals
and perennials. The two last species, being natives of Africa,
should be kept in pots, and placed among other greenhouse
plants. They are all increased by seed.
XXXL ROCHEXIA (named after Anthony Rochel, director
of the botanic garden at Pest, in Hungary, who has written on
the plants of the Carpathian mountains.) Rchb. comm. in icon,
pi. rar. 2. p. 13. t. 123. f. 236. 237. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 172.
fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 244. but not of Roem. et Schultes.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed ; throat furnished with arched
scales. Nuts 2, oblique, adnate to the indurated style, or cen-
tral column, combined, 1-celled, 1-seeded. — Hispid plants, with
narrow leaves, and terminal racemes of flowers.
1 R. leioca'rpa (Ledeb. 1. c.) plant hispid from spreading pili ;
cauline leaves oblong-linear; nuts smooth, glabrous. ©. H.
Native of the Soongarian stepjjc, in sterile places at the river
Kurtsclium. Herb green. Stem simple, divided into 2 or 3
racemes at top, or branched from the base to the apex ; the
branches very straight, and adpressed to the stem.
Smouth-fruiled Rochelia. PI. \ foot.
2 R. stellula'ta (Led. fl. atl. 1. p. 172.) plant hoary, and
hispid from erectish strigae ; cauline leaves oblong-linear, some-
what spatulate ; nuts strigose. ©. H. Native of Siberia.
Starry Rochelia. PI. \ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Echinospermum above.
XXXn. OMPHALO'DES (froin ofifaXoe, omphalos, the-
navel ; and eitoc, eidos, like ; nuts or fruit resembling the
navel ; hence some species have been called Venus's Navel-
wort.) Tourn. inst. t. 58. Moencli. meth. p. 420. Lehm.
asper. p. 180. — Cynoglossum species, Lin. gen. no. 181, and
Schreb. no. 243. Juss. gen. p. 131. ed. Usteri, p. 147. Gartn.
fruct. 1. no. 426. t. 67. f. 4. C. — Picbtia species, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 84 — 85.
LtN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Co-
rolla rotate ; throat closed by short vaulted processes ; limb 5-
parted, obtuse. Nuts 4, 1-celled, depressed, cup-shaped, with
an inflexed membrane along the margin, fixed to the central
column, not perforated at the base.
§ 1. Perennial plants, nilh usually rhizomatous roots, broad green
leaves, and terminal racemes of blue or tvhite Jlowers.
1 O. ni'tida (Lehm. in new schrift. gesell. berol. 8. p. 97.
asper. p. 181.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, nerved, glabrous above,
and shining, downy beneath : lower ones on long petioles : supe-
rior ones sessile, y.. H. Native of Portugal, in humid places,
under the shade of trees. Hoflfin. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 104.
t. 25. Cynoglossum nitidum, Willd. enum. 1. p. 181. Sims,
bot. mag. t. 2529. Cynoglossum Lusitanicum, Lam. diet. 2. p.
239. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 296. Cynoglossum lanceol^tum of
various Herbaria. Picotia nitida, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 84. Omphalodes Lusitanica, Cynoglossi folio, Tourn. inst.
p. 140. Rhizoma creeping under ground. Stems numerous
from the same root, smoothish, branched. Racemes bractless,
long. Pedicels and calyxes beset with adpressed hairs. Caly-
cine segments ovate, acute. Corolla blue ; tube white ; throat
yellow ; scales in the throat floccose, of an obscure violet-
colour. Membrane of nuts toothed.
Shining Venus Navel-wort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1812.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
2 O. coRNiFoiiA (Lehm. in new. schrift, gesell. berol. 8.
p. 97. t. 5. asper. 182.) radical leaves on long petioles,
ovate-cordate, acuminated, nerved : cauline ones nearly ses-
sile: lower ones lanceolate: upper ones ovate; racemes solitary,
many-flowered. T^.H. Native of Cappadocia. Cynoglossum
Cappad6cicum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 767. Pers. ench. 1. p. 161.
Cynoglossum omphalodes, /3, Lam. diet. 2. p. 239. Picotia cor-
nifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 85. Omphalodes Orien-
talis cornifolio, Tourn. cor. p. 7. Rhizoma creeping under
ground. Stems filiform, a span high, hairy. Leaves nearly gla-
brous. Flowers distant. Calyx pilose at the base ; with ovate,
acuminated segments.
Dogwood-leaved Venus Navelwort. PI. g foot.
3 O. ve'rna (Moench. meth. p. 420.) radical leaves ovate-
cordate : cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, petiolate, nearly gla-
brous; racemes conjugate, few-flowered. J/. H. Native of
Piedmont, Carniola, Transylvania, and Caucasus, in mountain
woods. Lehm. new. schrift, gesell. berol. 8. p. 98. asper.
p. 183. O. repens, Schrank, in denks. acad. wiss. munch.
1811, 1812. p. 221. Cynoglossum omphalodes, Lin. spec. ed.
2d. vol. 1. p. 193. Pall. fl. ross. p. 96. Lois. fl. gall. 1. p.
107. Willd. spec. 1. p. 766. Jaume St. Hil. pi. fr. 2. t. 116.
Curt. bot. mag. 7. Scop. fl. cam. 1. no. 190. t. 3. Mill. fig.
2. t. 190. f 2. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 21. icone.— Mor. hist.
3. sect. 11. t. 26. f. 2.— Lob. icon. p. 577. f. 1.— Bull. herb,
t. 309.— Knor. del. 2. t. e. 7. Rhizoma creeping under ground.
Stems many : floriferous ones erect, glabrous, simple, emitting
12
352
BORAGINE^. XXXII. Omphalobes. XXXIII. Cynoglossum.
stolons from their base. Petioles ciliated at the base. Racemes
bractless. Flowers distant, on long pedicels. Calyx beset with
incumbent hairs. Corolla fine blue, with a white throat.
Sjmng Venus Navel-wort. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1633.
PI. i foot.
i O. amflexicau'lis (Lehm. new. schrift, gesell. berol. 8.
p. 98. t. 6.) lower leaves spatulate : the rest cordate, stem-clasp-
ing, glabrous, with smooth margins ; racemes erect, many-
flowered. 1/ . H. Native of Spain and Portugal ; particidarly
of Corduba. Lehm. asper. p. 1S5. O. Lusitanica, Schrank,
denks. acad. wiss. munch. 1811, 1812. p. 221. Cynoglossum
brassicffifolium, Lag. gen. et spec. 1816. p. 10. Cynogl. Lusi-
tanicum, Lin. spec. p. 193. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 34. exclusive of
all synonymes. Willd. spec. 1. p. 765. exclusive of the syno-
nynies of Lin., Mill., and Tourn. Picotia brassicBefolia, Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 85. Plant glabrous, glaucous-green.
Stem branched. Racemes bractless. Calyx glabrous, with
ovate-lanceolate segments. Corolla white.
Slem-clasping-\e&\ei\ Venus Navel-wort. Fl. June, Aug.
Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to U foot.
5 O. sempervi'rens (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 101. in a note)
leaves ovate, obsoletely denticulated, hispid : lower ones on long
petioles : superior ones sessile ; peduncles axillary, 2-leaved ;
racemes conjugate, subcapitate. %. H. Native of the South
of Europe ; and in England, but a doubtful native. Ancliiisa
sempervirens, Lin. spec. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 192. hort. cliff. 47.
Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 178. Smith, engl. hot. t. 45.
Vdl. dauph. 2. p. 456. Lehm. asper. p. 236. — Mor. hist. 3.
sect. 11. t. 26. f. 2. — Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 23. — Lob. icon.
775. f. 2. Plant hispid. Stem erect, hispid from retrograde
strigse. Calycine segments lanceolate. Corolla blue, with a
short white tube. Perforations of nuts closed by a scale, ex
Lehm.
Evergreen Venus Navel-wort. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI.
1 to 2 feet,
6 O. myosotoi'des (Schrank, densk. acad. wiss. munch.
1811, 1812. p. 222. Lehm. in new. schrift. gesell. berol. 8. p.
99.) radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate : cauline ones sessile,
linear-lanceolate, strigose, rough ; flowers loosely racemose.
"il. H. Native on the top of Mount Lebanon ; and of Candia,
on the Sphaciotic mountains. Lebm. asper. p. 188. Cynoglos-
sum myosotoides, Labill. pi. syr. dec. 2. p. 6. t. 2. Smith,
prod. fl. grsRC. 1. p. 118. Cynoglossum hthospermifolium,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 240. ill. no. 1805. Picotia lithospermifolia,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 86. Stems many from the same
root, filiform, tufted, hairy. Corolla funnel-shaped, small, blue,
hardly longer than the calyx ; tube very short. Calyx pilose,
with subovate segment . Nuts flat, ovate, acute, glabrous.
Mouse-ear-like Venus Navel-wort. PI. i foot.
7 O. interme'dia ; leaves strigose, rough : radical ones spa-
tulate-lanceolate : cauline ones linear-lanceolate ; flowers loosely
racemose ; calyx equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; car-
pels girded by a toothed, membranous margin, muricated in the
centre. $ . H. Native of Arabia, on rocks. Cynoglossum
intermedium, Fres. fl. egypt. et arab. p. 169. Nearly allied to
Oniph. myosotoides.
Intermediate Venus Navel-wort. PI. | foot.
§ 2. Annual, erect, glaucous plants, rvithjihrous roots, and termi-
nal racemes of white, or very pale bluejioners.
8 O. littora'lis (Lehm. in new. schrift. gesell. berol.
8. p. 98. asper. p. 187.) radical leaves spatulate : cauline
ones sessile, oblong : superior ones ovate, dilated at the base,
papillose, with strigose edges ; racemes bracteate. ©. H.
Native of the West of France, on the sea shore. Picotia litto-
ralis, Rcem. et Schultes, 4. p. 186. Cynoglossum littorale,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 567. Root simple. Plant glaucous-green.
Racemes axillary and terminal, rather strigose. Calycine seg-
ments ovate -lanceolate. Corolla white, as in O. linifblia. Nuts
with an inflexed, ciliated membrane.
Sea-shore Venus Navel-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826.
PI. I foot.
9 O. linif6lia (Mcench. meth. p. 419. Schrank, densk.
acad. wiss. munch. 1811, 1812. p. 221. Lehm. in new. schrift.
gesell. berol. 8. p. 99. asper. p. 187.) radical leaves cunei-
form : cauline ones linear-lanceolate, glabrous, with denticu-
lately ciliated margins; racemes bractless. Q. H. Native of
Portugal, France, and Italy, on the sea shore. Hoffm. et Link,
fl. port. 1. p. 193. Cynoglossum linifolium, Lin. spec. p. 193.
hort. cliff", p. 43. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 35. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p.
324. t. 67. f 4. Cynogl. Lusitanicum, Mill. fig. 2. t. 190. f. 1.
Picotia linifolia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 86. — Sabb. hort.
rom. 2. t. 38. — Barrel, icon. 1234. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t.
30. f. 11. Omphalodes Lusitanica lini folio, Tourn. inst. 140.
Plant glaucous-green, glabrous. Branches terminating in loose
racemes. Calyx strigose at the base; segments lanceolate, with
denticulately ciliated edges. Corolla white, rarely with a tinge
of blue ; processes of the throat nearly globose. Nuts with a
toothed, inflexed margin.
Flax-leaved, or Common Venus Navel-wort. Fl. June, Aug.
Clt. 1748. PI. i to 1 foot.
10 O. scoRPioiDEs (Schrank, 1. c. Lehm. 1. c. t. 8. asper.
p. 189.) stem prostrate, dichotomous ; leaves scabrous: radical
ones spatulate : cauline ones lanceolate, sessile : lower ones op-
posite, the rest alternate; pedicels axillary. Q. or ^. H.
Native of Bohemia, in shady places ; and in the valley of
Oycow, about Cracow. Cynoglossum scorpioides, Hsenke, in
Jacq. coll. 2. p. 3. Wulf, in Roem. arch. 3. p. 336. Schmidt,
fl. boh. 3. no. 220. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 21. icon. Bess. fl.
gall. 2. p. 149. Picotia scorpioides, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 87. Root branched, fibrous. Plant glabrous, pale green.
Stems somewhat tetragonal. Flowers solitary, in the axils of
the upper leaves. Calyx rather sirigose, with lanceolate-acute
segments. Corolla small, of a watery-blue colour ; processes
of the throat yellow. Nuts glabrous. Habit oi My osotis paliis-
tris.
Scorpion-like Venus Navel-wort. PI. prostrate.
11 O. ? FoRTi'sii ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, vil-
lous, ciliated at the base; stem obsoletely striated, scabrous;
flowers opposite the leaves ; seeds small, muricated. $ . H.
Native of the Island of Cherso. Cynoglossum Lusitanicum,
Fortis, osserv. cherso, ed. osero. p. 68. Lehm. schrift. gesell.
berol. 2. p. 97. Picotia Fortisii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
87. Root woody. Flowers small, bluish white.
Fortis's Venus Navel-wort. PI. ?
Cult. All the species are elegant border flowers, and of the
most easy culture. The perennial kinds grow well under the
shade of trees or shrubs, and are increased by division. The
seeds of annual species should be sown in spring, in the open
border.
XXXin. CYNOGLO'SSUM (from kvwv kvioc, hjnn hinos,
a dog ; and yXwana, glossa, a tongue ; from the form of the
leaves of most of the species ; in English, however, the generic
name is Hound' s-tongue, instead of Dog's-tongue.} Tourn. inst.
t. 57. Lin. gen. no. 183. Schreb. gen. no. 243. Juss. gen.
131. ed. Usteri, p. 147. Lam. ill. no. 256. t. 94. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. no. 416. t. 67. f. 4. A. B. Lehm. asper. p. 134. ex-
clusive of Mattia and Rindera.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
BORAGINE^. XXXIII. Cynogiossum.
353
funnel-shaped, or siibrotate ; throat furnished with erect pro-
cesses. .Stamens inclosed. Stigma nearly simple. Carpels 4,
1 -celled, depressed, ecliinated, imperforated at the base, fixed to
the central column. — Tall, robust, downy plants, soft to the
touch. Leaves large, broadest at top. Racemes usually bract-
less, secund, terminal, simple, bifid, or twin. The prickles on
the outside of the carpels are usually glochidate.
§ 1. Stamens inclosed.
1 C. PAUciFLORUM (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. C.) stem
erect ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed towards the base ; peduncles
usually 7-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels. ©. H. Native
of Chili, in fields about Conception. Lehm. asper. p. 139.
Plant densely hispid, canescent. Peduncles axillary. Corolla
twice as long as the calyx.
Few-Jlomered Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
2 C. Japoniclm (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 81. icon. dec. 3. t. 2.)
stems prostrate ; leaves oblong, stem -clasping, acute, villous,
finely serrulated. 0. H. Native of Japan. Lehm. asper. p.
l'J9. Root fibrous. Calyx villous. Corolla purple, longer
tlian the calyx.
Japan Hound's-tongue. PI. decumbent.
3 C. DiFFu'suM (Roxb. fl. ind. ed. Wall. 2. p. 7. Lehm.
asper. p. 140.) stems ascending, diffuse ; leaves obovate-spatu-
late, petiolate, strigosely pilose, terminated by a short acumen ;
racemes leafy. ©. H. Native of Bengal. Root fusiform,
fibrous. Calyx pilose, with ovate-lanceolate, acuminated seg-
ments. Stems and pedicels canescent from long hairs. Co-
rolla with a gibbous tube ; its mouth contracted by 5 broad,
etnarginate scales. Carpels obovate, scabrous.
Diffuse Hound's-tongue. PI. ascending.
4 C. prostra'tum (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 100.) plant hispid from bristles, prostrate; radical leaves
obovate, on long petioles : cauline ones elliptic, sessile ; flowers
on short ])edicels, generally extra-axillary; nuts muricate. ©.
H. Native of Nipaul, at Baguanpur.
Prostrate Hound's-tongue. PI. prostrate.
5 C. furca'tum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 6. D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 100.) stem erect; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute,
half stem-clasping, silky on both surfaces, as well as the stem ;
racemes erect, thin-flowered. If.. F. Native of Upper Ni-
paul, at Suembu. C. ceeruleum. Ham. mss. Racemes twin,
woolly, bractless. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse, bristly.
Corolla blue. Carpels glochidate. Very like a species of
Myoictis.
For ked-racemed Hound's-tongue. PI. IJ foot.
6 C. MARIFOLIUM (Roxb. fl. ind. ed. Wail. 2. p. 8.) plant
diffuse, hairy ; leaves bifarious, oblong ; flowers solitary, be-
tween the leaves; corolla half the length of the calyx. ©. H.
Native of Bengal. Leaves h inch long. Flowers on short pe-
dicels, of a pale, whitish blue. Stigma emarginate. Nuts rough,
round, almost hid by the calyx.
JMarum-leaved Hound's-tongue. PI. procumbent.
7 C. fanicula'tum (Hook, et Am. in Beech, bot. p. 37.)
plant clothed with adpressed hairs ; leaves lanceolate, very
acute, gradually tapering into the petioles, ciliated, shining,
clothed with hoary, silky down beneath ; racemes terminal,
panicled, loose, few-flowered, bracteate ; fruit bearing pedicels,
very long, spreadingly deflexed ; carpels glochidate. ^ . ? F.
Native of Chili, at Conception; and of Peru, in Murilla Bay. —
The base of the plant is frutescent. Leaves 3-4 inches long,
with slightly revolute edges.
Panicled Hound's-tongue. PI. H to 2 feet.
S C. CHEiRiFOLiUM (Roy. lugdb. p. 406. Lin. spec. p. 193.)
VOL. IV.
stem erect ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, tomentose, hoary ; ra-
cemes bracteate; corolla twice as long as the calyx. $ J. ll.F.'l
Native of the South of Europe, Levant, and Barbary. Horn,
hort. hafn. 1. p. 177. Lapeyr. abr. p. 87. Hoffiii. et Link, fl.
port. 1. p. 191. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 457. All. ped. 1. no. 171.
Gouan. hort. monsp. p. 82. Lehm. asper. 141. C. argenteum,
Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 277.— Dalech. hist. 2. p. 1261. f. 1. Stems
many from the same root, simple. Plant hoary from fine tomen-
tum. Racemes terminal, simple, rarely bifid. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, bluntish. Corolla rose-coloured ; processes
of the throat deep red. Carpels covered with glochidate
prickles.
Far. /3, lanalum (Lehm. asper. p. 141.) leaves villous; calyxes
hairy ; stamens rather longer than the corolla. $ . F. Native
of Barbary. Anchiisa lanata, Lin. spec. p. 192. Desf fl.
atl. 1. p. 158. Willd. spec. 1. p. 758. Lam. ill. gen. no.
1813.
Far. 7, calcaratum (D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 422.) $ . H. Native
of France.
JVall-Jlower-leaved Hound's-tongue. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1596. PI. I to 1 foot.
9 C. decu'rrens (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 6. no. 1.) stem
erect, angidarly winged ; leaves broad, lanceolate, acute, decur-
rent, veiny, hispid. ©. H. Native of Chili, in groves. Lehm.
asper. p. 143. Feulle, chil. 2. t. 49. Hook, et Arn. in Beech,
voy. pt. bot. p. 37. Plant hispid. Flowers distant. Corollas
whitish-blue. Carpels echinated with glochidate bristles. Ra-
cemes terminal, leafy.
Decnrre)il-\ea\'ed Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
10 C. Mexica'num (Cham, in Linnaea, 5. p. 114.) stem
erect, hairy, leafy, branched at the top ; radical leaves elliptic,
mucronate, on long petioles, clothed with hair-like down, rough
above : cauline leaves similar to the radical ones : uppermost
ones lanceolate, sessile ; racemes loose, panicled ; carpels furnish-
ed with glochidate prickles on the outer sides. $ . H. Native
of Mexico, on Mount Macultipec. Flowers blue. Nuts aize of
grains of pepper.
Mexican Hound's-tongue. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
11 Hi'spiDUM (Thunb. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 1806. p. 46.
prod. p. 34.) stem erect ; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, ob-
tuse : upper ones lanceolate, acute, hispid ; racemes bractless,
usually 3-flovi'ered ; stamens shorter than the corolla, which is
ventricose. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lehm. asper. p. 143. Stem hispid from adpressed hairs.
Racemes constituting a terminal panicle. Calyx hispid ; seg-
ments oblong, obtuse. Corolla rufescent ; processes of the
throat fleshy.
Hispid Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
12 C. TOMENTosuM (Lehm. asper. p. 144.) stem erect;
lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish : superior ones linear-
lanceolate, half stem-clasping, clothed with dense, yellow, golden
tomentum ; racemes terminal, bractless, many-flowered. %. H.
Native of Italy. Stems angular, canescent. Radical leaves 3-4
inches long. Racemes twin, terminal. Calycine segments oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse. Carpels covered with short glochidate prickles.
Tomentose Hound's-tongue. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
13 C. lanceola'tum (Forsk. descr. p. 41.) stem erect;
leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, entire, attenuated at the base,
hairy, veined, downy beneath ; racemes solitary, bractless ;
stamens inclosed. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, and Arabia. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 34. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 761. Lehm. asper. p. 145. C. hirsiltum, Thunb. in Schrad.
journ. 1. p. 1806. p. 47—48. prod. fl. cap. p. 34. Willd. spec.
1. p. 763. Stems hairy, canescent. Young branches densely
clothed with yellow hairs. Leaves hairy or strigose above.
Z z
354
BORAGINE/E. XXXIII. Cynoglossum.
Racemes simple, hairy. Calycine segments oblong, obtuse.
Tube of corolla length of calyx. Carpels covered with glochi-
date bristles.
Zionceo/a/e-leaved Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to I5 foot.
14 C. vEsicuLosuM (Wall. cat. no. 920.) hispid from strigae ;
stem much branched ; leaves oval, attenuated at both ends ;
racemes terminal, solitary or twin, slender ; calycine segments
ovate, acute ; carpels beset with glochidate prickles on the mar-
gins, and smooth in the centre. $. H. Native of Nipaul.
Corollas rather small, white. Racemes bractless.
Bladdery Hound's-tongue. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
15 C. He'ynei ; plant hispid from strigte ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated ; racemes slender, terminal twin, or axil-
lary sohtary ; carpels beset with glochidate prickles along the
margins, and tiibercled in the centre, shorter than the calycine
segments, which are bluntisli. $ . H. Native of the East In-
dies, at Dindigul. C. lanceolatum, Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat.
no. 921. but not of Forsk. Racemes bractless.
Heyne s Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
16 C. Walli'chh ; stem erect, angular, rather strigose ;
leaves oblong- lanceolate, 3-nerved ; racemes twin or solitary,
elongated, terminal, or from the axils of the upper leaves ;
flowers distant ; calyx spreading, longer than the carpels, with
ovate, mucronate segments ; carpels beset with glochidate pric-
kles along the margins, and tubercles in the centre. $ . F.
Native of Nipaul, in Gosainsthan. C. calycumm, Wall. cat.
no. 92S. but not of Meyer. Leaves 3-5-nerved. Racemes
bractless.
Wall'wh's Hound's-tongue. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
17 C. cane'scens (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 177. Willd. enum.
1. p. 180.) stem erect, branched at top ; cauline leaves lanceo-
late, acute, petiolate, erosely denticulated, hairy, clothed with
soft hairs beneath, somewhat 3-nerved ; racemes conjugate, di-
varicate, bractless. O- H. Native of the East Indies. Lehm.
asper. p. 144. C. micranthum, Desf. pi. hort. par. 1804. p.
220. C. hirsutum, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 4. t. 489. exclusive of
the synonymes. C. racemosum, Roxb. fl. ind. ed. Wall. 2. p.
6. ex Lehm. Plant hispid. Flowers secund. Calycine seg-
ments ovate, obtuse. Corolla white ; throat and scales blue.
Carpels ovate, clothed with glochidate prickles.
Canesceni Hound's-tongue. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI.
2 feet.
18 C. HiRSUTissiMUM (Lehm. asper. p. 145.) stem erect, sim-
ple ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, half stem-clasping, acute, papil-
loscly -hairy on both surfaces; hairs spreading; racemes soli-
tary, elongated, bractless. ©. ? H. Native of Africa. Stem
very hairy. Peduncles hairy, terminal and lateral, racemifer-
ous. Calyx hairy, with oblong, obtuse segments. Carpels beset
with glochidate prickles.
Very-hairy Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to l| foot.
19 C. REVOLu TUM (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 6. no. 3.)
stem erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute : cauline ones
sessile, hispid ; racemes subspicate, leafy, revolute at apex ; pe-
dicels lateral. ©. H. Native of Peru, in Huassa-Huassi, in
shady places. Pers. ench. 1. p. 160. Lehm. as])er. p. 148.
Plant hispid. Stem angular. Pedicels drooping. Corolla
whitish-blue. Carpels beset with glochidate prickles.
Revohite-xz.cerc\eA Hound's-tongue. PI. 3 feet
20 C. suave'olens (R. Br. prod. p. 495. Lehm. asper. n.
148.) leaves lanceolate, strigose; those of the branches half
stem-clasping ; racemes bracteate ; carpels echinated with equal
glochidate prickles. — Native of New Holland.
Sweet-scented-^ov/eredi Hound's-tongue. PI.
21 C. Austra'le (R. Br. I. c.) stems erect ; leaves lanceo-
late, strigose on both surfaces ; racemes bractless ; carpels echi-
nated with glochidate prickles : the prickles on the back fewer,
and with a single row of longer ones along the margin. — Native
of New Holland.
Soulhern Hound's-tongue. PI. ?
22 C. LANUGiNosuM (Lehm. asper. p. 148.) stem erect ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, half stem-clasping, woolly, and
hoary ; racemes terminal, loose, bractless. — Native country un-
known. Stem furrowed, simple, white from wool. Calyx
woolly, with lanceolate, bluntisli segments. Corolla very like
that of C. officinale. Carpels ovate, covered with glochidate
prickles.
JVuolly Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
23 C. clandesti'num (Desf fl. atl. 1. p. 159. t. 42.) stem
erect ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, bluntish, half stem-clasping,
hairy ; racemes bractless ; corolla villous at top. $ . H. Na-
tive of Portugal and Algiers. HofTm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p.
190. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 117. Lehm. asper. p. 149. C.
oflicinale, Brot. fl. his. 1. p. 295. C. fidvum, Rudolph, in
Schrad. journ. 1795. p. 295. Pers. ench. under Auchusa Itd-
lica. Root fusiform. Plant pilose. Pedicels and calyxes
clothed with dense, yellow, silky hairs. Calycine segments lan-
ceolate, obtuse. Corolla violaceous, hardly longer than the calyx ;
limb tomentosely villous at apex. Carpels ovate, covered with
glochidate prickles.
Clandestine Hound's-tongue. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821.
PI. I to 2 feet.
24 C. DioscoRiDis (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 457. prosp. p. 21. ex-
clusive of the synonymes. Lehm. asper. p. 150.) stem erect;
leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, dilated at the base, rather
hispid ; racemes elongated, bractless, loose. $ H. Native of
Dauphiny. C. elongatum, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 95H. C.
Virginicum, Willd. enum. 1. p. 180. exclusive of the syno-
nymes. C. reniotuni, Moench, meth. p. 419. Root fusiform.
Stem simple, canescent, beset with retrograde hairs. Racemes
pilose, terminal and axillary in the spontaneous plant ; but ter-
minating the stem and branches in the cultivated plant. Caly-
cine segments ovate, obtuse. Corolla red or flesh-coloured,
with deeper veins. Carpels ovate, clothed with short glochidate
bristles.
Dioscorides' s Hound's-tongue. Fl, June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. 4 to 2 feet.
25 C. officina'le (Lin. spec. p. 192. fl. suec. 162. hort.
cliff". 47.) stem erect, leafy; lower leaves broad-lanceolate : su-
perior ones broadest at the base, acute, canescent from downy
tomentum ; racemes bractless, panicled at the time the flowers
are open. $ . H. Native of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North
America, in waste places, and by way sides and margins of
fields, and particularly near towns ; in Britain, in like situations,
but a doubtful native. Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2d. p. 124. Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 456. All. ped. 1. no. 124. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p.
158. Suter, fl. helv. 1. p. 105. Smith, engl. bot. t. 921.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 1147. Curt. fl. lond. t. 149. Regnault, bot. 3.
t. 364. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 9. icone. Baumg. fl. trans. 1.
p. 122. Pursh. fl. 1. p. 123. Mayrhoff", fl. mon. t. 23.
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 196.— Blackw. herb. t. 249.— Plenck. icon. t.
76. Stem sulcately angular, branched at top, beset with soft,
incumbent hairs. Flowers nutant, secund. Racemes termi-
nating the stem and branches, canescent, villous. Calycine seg-
ments oblong, connivent. Corolla reddish ; processes of the
throat purple. Carpels ovate, densely clothed with glochidate
prickles. The whole plant has a disagreeable smell, like most
of the species, much resembling that of mice. It is suspected
to possess narcotic qualities. It has formerly been used in
medicine ; and Mr. Ray informs us, from Dr. Hulse, that a de-
coction of the roots inwardly, and cataplasms of them outwardly,
12
BORAGINE^. XXXIII. Cynoglossum.
355
were used in strumose and scropliuloiis cases. It is, however,
discarded from the present practice. All animals are said to
dislike it, and leave it untouched. Tiie large Dutch Hound's-
tongue is only a variety of this.
Far. /3, hicolor (Lehm. asper. p. 153.) leaves lanceolate, nar-
rowed at the hase, downy : upper ones sessile, cordate. $ . H.
Native of Germany and Siberia. Corolla white ; with the pro-
cesses in the throat red, and the limb marked with 5 red spots.
C. hybridum, Thuill. fl. par. 1. p. 94. C. ani^ustifolium, Hort.
C. officinale, var. flore albo, Rotb, tent. fl. germ. 2. p. 170.
Officinal, or Common Hoimd's-tongue. Fl. June, July.
Britain. PI. 2 feet.
26 C. picTUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 179.) stem
erect, leafy ; leaves lanceolate, acute : upper ones ovate-lanceo-
late, cordate, finely tomentosc ; racemes bractless ; limb of co-
rolla dilated, veiny. $ . H. Native of the South of Europe,
Iberia, Barbary, and Madeira. Vahl, symb. 2. p. Si. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 7G1. Willd. enum. 1. p. ISO. Lehm. asper. 154.
Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p. 189. t. 24. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p.
128. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2134. Moench, suppl. 147. C. am-
plexicaule. Lam. ill. no. 1794. C. cheirifolium, Jacq. coll. 3.
p. 30. Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 125. Pall. ind. taur.
C. Creticum, All. auct. p. 4. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 457. — Clus.
hist- 2. p. 1(12. f. 2. C. variegatum, Hort. Root fusiform.
Stem bluntly angular, furnished with axillary, racemiferous
branches at top, and canescent from short, soft, retrograde
hairs. Leaves canescent. Calyx clothed with incumbent hairs ;
segments oblong-lanceolate, bluntish. Corolla a little longer
than the calyx, purple or blue, elegantly marked with deeper
dichotomous veins, which are branched at top. Carpels covered
with glochidate prickles.
Painled-fiov/ered Hound's-tongue. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1658.
PI. 2 feet.
27 C. cilia'tum (Dougl. mss. ex Lehm. pug. 2. p. 24.) stem
erect, simple, hairy ; leaves linear, acute, elongated, 3-nerved,
clothed with hair-like tomentum, ciliated ; racemes terminal,
bracteate, secund ; stamens inoJosed. $ . H. Native of North-
west Ainerica. Stem terete, canescent ; hairs on the base of the
stem retrograde, but those at its top are spreading. Racemes
subcorymbose. Calyx villous ; with lanceolate, obtuse seg-
ments. Corolla blue, one half longer than the calyx.
C;7io/erf-leaved Hound's-tongue. PI. l| foot.
28 C. gra'nde (Dougl. mss. ex Lehm. pug. 2. p. 25.) stem
erect, glabrous, naked above ; leaves petiolate, pilose beneath :
lower ones large, cordate-ovate, undulated : superior ones ob-
long-lanceolate ; racemes bractless, glabrous, pedunculate, few-
flowered ; calyx villous. $ . H. Native of North-west Ame-
rica. Stem rather angular, destitute of leaves at top. Leaves
acute, ciliated, beset with adpressed hairs above, and paler be-
neath, 9 inches long, and 4 lines broad. Racemes constituting
a loose, terminal panicle. Pedicels glabrous, pilose at top.
Calycine segments elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse. Corolla blue,
twice as long as the calyx, larger than those of C. officinale.
Great Hound's-tongue. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
29 C. ViRGiNicuM (Gron. virg. p. 19. Lin. spec. p. 193.)
stem erect; leaves oval-oblong, acute: upper ones cordate at
the base, stem-clasping, veiny, hairy ; racemes short, corymbose,
bractless. "J/. H. Native of Virginia and Pennsylvania; and
Arkansas, in woods. C. amplexicaule, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1.
p. 132. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 133. Pers. ench. I. p. 159. Stems
terete, beset with retrograde hairs, branched at top. Leaves
green. Racemes canescent from hairs. Calycine segments ob-
long-lanceolate, bluntish. Corolla blue, twice as long as the
calyx. Carpels ovate, furnished with glochidate prickles.
Virginian Hound's-tongue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
30 C. pil6sum (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 114.) erect and hairy ;
radical leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse ; the rest lanceolate-ob-
long, obtuse ; flowers axillary, almost spiked, unilateral ; sta-
mens very short, inclosed ; carpels scabrous, depressed, oblong,
acute, muricate on the margins. 1/. ? H. Native of Missouri,
on arid hills above Rapid River. Flowers small, white.
Pilose Hound's-tongue. PI. erect.
31 C. sylva'ticum (Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 216. engl. bot, t.
1642.) stem erect ; lower leaves somewhat spatulate-lanceolate :
superior ones half stem-clasping, ovate-oblong, acute, sraoothish
above and shining, but scabrous beneath ; racemes bractless.
$ . H. Native throughout Europe, in shady places, in ele-
vated situations ; in England, about hedges in several parts,
especially in Essex ; but, like many other biennials and annuals,
changes its abode ; it is also found in like situations in North
America. Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 421. Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 105.
Hsenke, in. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 77. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 122.
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 133. C. officinale, /3, sylvaticum, Willd. spec,
l.p. 760. C. mont^num, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 277. (exclusive of
the syn. of Lin.) diet. 2. p. 237. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 177.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 159. exclusive of the synonymes. Lam. ill.
no. 1794. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. D. C. fl. fr. syn. no.
2737. C. Virsjinicimi, Lin. syst. ed. 13th. p. 157. but not of
his spec. Willd. spec. 1. p. 762. exclusive of the svn. of
Gron. C. officinale, var. y, Lin. spec. 193. C. Apenninum,
Roth, tent. fl. germ. 2. p. 219. exclusive of the synonymes.
C. virens, Schreb. spec. fl. lips. no. 162. C. Germanicum,
Jacq. obs. 2. p. 31. under Arenaria mucronata. — Hall. Iielv. no.
588. — ColuiTin. ecphr. 176. t. 175. C. folio virente, Bauh. hist.
3. p. GOO. Root fusiform, fibrous. Stems many from the same
root, hairy, branched at top. Leaves pale green. Calyx rather
hairy, with oblong, obtuse segments. Corolla a little longer than
the calyx, purplish-blue, with deeper coloured veins ; processes
of the throat obtuse, with white, pilose edges. Carpels ovate,
beset with glochidate prickles.
Wood Hound's-tongue. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
32 C. H.e'nkii (Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 362.
syst. 4. p. 74.) plant of a hoary green ; leaves lanceolate, sca-
brous on both surfaces, flat, nearly sessile, remote ; carpels
rugged. $ . H. Native of Bohemia, Galicia, and Hungary,
in hedges and margins of woods. C. sylvaticum, Schmidt, fl.
boh. no. 219. Hainke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 77. Bess. fl. gal. 1.
p. 149. C. officinale, />, Willd. spec. 1. p. 760. C. hybridum,
Thuill. fl. par. 1. p. 94.? C. officinale, /3, D. C. fl. fr. no.
2736. ? This plant is said to differ from C. officinale in the
character given above ; in the stem being more humble ; in the
flowers being smaller, blue, verging to red or purple. Perhaps
not distinct from C. Dioscoridis, or C. syhmiicum.
Hcenke's Hound's-tongue. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI.
U to 2 feet.
"33 C. clava'tum (Viv. fl. libyc. p. 11. t. 5. f. 2.) hoary;
cauline leaves half stem-clasping : racemes secund, leafy ; pro-
cesses in the throat of the corolla cylindrically clavate, emargi-
nate, equal in length to the limb ; style permanent, elongated,
subulate, exceeding the calyx. $ . H. Native of Libya.
Stem branched, terete. Floral leaves lanceolate-linear, longer
than the flowers. Calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated.
Corolla glabrous. Carpels beset with stellate, glochidate bris-
tles.
Cfoyn/e-appendaged Hound's-tongue. PI. erect.
34 C. viRiDiFLORUM (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 160.
Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 196. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 106.) stem erect,
simple ; leaves oblong, acute : lower ones petiolate : upper
ones sessile, attenuated at the base, glabrous, and pale green
z z 2
356
BORAGINE^. XXXIII. Cynoglossum.
above, tomentose or downy beneath ; racemes erect, loose,
panicled : lower ones bracteate : upper ones bractless. $ . 1
H. Native near Schemanaika and Schulba, in sandy places.
Stems simple, glabrous. Racemes constituting a terminal, py-
ramidal panicle, a foot or a fool and a half long. Calyx and pe-
dicels grey from silky hairs. Calycine segments obtuse. Co-
rolla salver-shaped, twice as long as the calyx, yellowish green.
Carpels ovate, densely beset with glochidate prickles.
Green-Jlowered Hound's-tongue. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
S5 C. CALYCiNUM (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 100.) annual,
glaucous ; stems branched, assurgent ; leaves sessile, thick, ob-
long, bluntish, entire ; racemes bracteate ; corollas small ; calyx
in the fructiferous state large, with ovate, connivent lobes ; car-
pels oblong, convex, scabrous ; style marcescent. O.H. Native
of Caucasus, near the Caravansarai Koete-Koili, in the desert
between Baku and Sallian. Corollas blue.
iarg-e-calyxed Hound's-tongue. PI. assurgent.
36 C. divamca'tum (Steph. in litt. ex Lehm. asper. p. 161.)
stem erect, branched ; branches divaricate ; lower leaves oval,
petiolate : superior ones sessile, lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, nearly glabrous above, and downy beneath ; racemes brac-
teate. %.Y\. Native of Siberia. Root perpendicular. Stems
beset with incumbent hairs. Pedicels and calyxes hairy, cine-
reous. Leaves pale green. Calycine segments ovate, bluntish,
a little shorter than the corolla, which is small. Carpels ovate,
densely covered with glochidate prickles.
Divaricate Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 1 to 2 feet.
37 C. LATiFOLiUM (R. Br. prod. p. 496.) stem prickly ;
floral leaves ovate, on short petioles, acuminated, scabrous ; pe-
duncles extra-axillary. .J . ? H. Native of New Holland.
Broad-leaved Hound's-tongue. PI.
38 C. RoYLEi (Wall. cat. no. 917.) rough from strigae ; radi-
cal leaves wanting in the specimens examined : cauline ones cor-
date, petiolate, acuminated, nerved, and canescent from down ;
racemes short, canescent, bracteate. ^ . H. Native on Choor
Mount.
Royle's Hound's-tongue. PI.
39 C. la'xum; stem erect, branched at top; leaves ovate,
acuminated, 7-nerved, all petiolate, and beset with short strigae,
as well as the upper part of the stem and branches ; racemes
terminating the stem and branches, twin, loose, few-flowered,
with a solitary flower in the fork ; corolla rotate ; carpels com-
pressed, beset with glochidate prickles outside. $ . H. Na-
tive of Emodus and Gosainsthan, in Nipaul. Rindora glochidata.
Wall. cat. no. 926. Picotia glochidata. Wall. mss. Perhaps a
species of Mdltia, or Omphaludcs. Corolla blue. Leaves dis-
tant. Racemes bracteate at the base.
Loose Hound's-tongue. PI. 3 to 5 feet.
§. 2. Stamens exserted. Perhaps a distinct genus.
40 C. LONGiFLORUM (Lehm. asper. p. 162.) stem erect ;
leaves lanceolate, acute, strigosely muricated, scabrous ; ra-
cemes bracteate, few-flowered ; pedicels in the axils of the
bracteas ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx ; and the
segments of the limb linear ; stamens equal in length to the co-
rolla. ^ . ? H. Native of Syria, about Aleppo. Lycopsis
Dioscoridis nondum cognita, Rauwolf, trav. syr. 1. ch. 9. p.
120. t. 22. ? Stem glabrous. Pedicels nutant. Calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, having the margins and keel tubcrcularly cili-
ated. Corolla glabrous. Anthers beyond the throat of the
corolla. Carpels ovate, beset with glochidate prickles.
Long-Jlowered Hound's-tongue. PI. 2 feet ?
41 C. Stamineum (Desf. am. mus. 10. p. 431. t. 36. journ.
hot. par. 1. p. 358.) stem erect, simple; cauline leaves lanceo-
late, obtuse, sessile, silky above, and finely tomentose beneath ;
flowers minute, disposed in short, bractless racemes, the whole
forming a terminal panicle ; stamens twice as long as the co-
rolla. ^ .? H. Native of Syria and Cappadocia. Cynoglos-
sum Orientale vulgari simile, flore minimo longis staminibus
donato, Tourn. cor. p. 7. Stem tomentose. Calyx tomentose,
with linear-lanceolate segments. Corolla salver-shaped, rose-
coloured, length of calyx ; limb length of tube, with bluntish
segments. Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, rather
unequal. Anthers incumbent. Carpels ovate, prickly on the
outer side. Habit of a species of E^chium.
Long-stamened Hound's-tongue. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
42 C. Apenni'num (Lin. spec. p. 193.) stem erect, leafy;
cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, sessile,
acute, very long, rather villous ; racemes bractless, compact be-
fore expansion ; stamens a little longer than the corolla. S. H.
Native of the South of Europe ; as of Italy, in subalpine
places. Lehm. asper. p. 164. Lapeyr. abr. p. 87. Smith,
prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 118. Willd. spec. 1. p. 762. Gsrtn.
fruct. l.p. 324. t. 67. f. 4. Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 36. Willd.
enum. 1. p. ISl. D. C. fl. fr. syn. no. 2740. — Column, ecphr.
1. p. 168. t. 170. Stem simple, villous. Racemes forming
large, dense, ovate, leafy, terminal panicles. Pedicels and
calyxes hoary and villous. Calycine segments lanceolate-acute.
Corolla length of calyx, at first red, afterwards violaceous, with
short segments. Anthers incumbent. Nuts not seen.
Apennine Hound's-tongue. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1731.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
43 C. MOLLi'ssiMUM (Lehm. asper. p. 165.) stem erect;
leaves oblong, on long petioles, almost glabrous above, and
downy beneath ; flowers in short, compact, bractless racemes,
the whole forming a terminal panicle ; stamens twice as long as
the corolla. $ . H. Native of Persia, in the province of Dji-
lan. Root perpendicular. Stem hoary, pilosely tomentose.
Pedicels and calyxes canescent from villi. Calycine segments
oblong, obtuse. Corolla a little longer than the calyx, veined.
Stamens fleshy, alternating with the bearded processes of the
throat. Habit of C. Apcnnlnum.
Very soft Hound's-tongue. PI. 1| foot.
-j- Species hardly known.
44 C. BoRBoNicuM (Bory. St. Vine. trav. p. 383.) leaves
lanceolate, acute, pilose ; branches forked ; seeds rough. — Na-
tive of the Island of Bourbon.
Far. a ; leaves broader, oblong. Bory. 1. c.
Far. (i ; leaves narrower, linear. Bory. 1. c.
Bourbon Hound's-tongue. PL ?
45 C. Lime'nse (Wilid. spec. 1. p. 762. Lehm. asper. p.
1 77.) leaves oblong, acuminated, sessile, glabrous. ^ . ? G.
Native of Peru, in the valley called Ylo, near Lima. Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 432. Cynogl. foliis nervosis acutissimis, Feuille,
per. 1. p. 71. t. 49. Plant pale green. Racemes terminal,
simple. Calyx glabrous, with ovate, acute segments. Corolla
having the margin white, and the centre blue. Carpels tuber-
cled.
Lima Hound's-tongue. PI. 1 to U foot.
46 C. Valenti'num (Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p. 10. no. 133.)
leaves narrow-linear, hairy : cauline ones sessile ; calycine seg-
ments ovate ; spikes or racemes bractless. ^ . ? H. Native of
Spain, in Valentia, Cavanilles. Plant herbaceous, with the habit
of Anchusa angustijulia.
Falentia Hound's-tongue. PI.
47 C. Lusita'nicum (Lin. spec. 193. exclusive of the syno-
nymes.) leaves linear-lanceolate, scabrous. — According to Hoff"-
mansegg and Link, the plant named C. Lusitdnicum, by Linnaeus,
BORAGINEiE. XXXIII. Cynoglossum. XXXIV. Asperugo. XXXV. Heliotropium.
357
is not a native of Portugal, but of Siberia, according to the
Linnean herbarium. See Schrad. new. jourii. hot. p. 183. If
the plant should prove distinct, it is undoubtedly referrible to
the genus Omphalodes.
Portugal Hound's-tongue. PI.
48 C. PELLu'ciDUM (Lapeyr. abr. suppl. p. 28.) lower leaves
on long petioles : cauline and rameal ones half stem-clasping ;
all lanceolate and acute ; calyxes pellucid ; peduncles axillary,
elongated ; flowers secund. $ . H. Native of the Pyrenees.
Stem erect, simple, furnished with a few white hairs. Cauline
leaves ciliated, diaphanous, furnished with some callous warts.
Peduncles naked, or furnished with leaves. Calycine segments
spatulate. Corolla blue, almost inclosed in the calyx. Carpels
prickly.
Pellucid Hound's-tongue. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
49 C. HOLOSERICEUM (Stev. in act. mosq. p. 12.) clothed with
silky tomenttim ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; racemes terminal,
simple; flowers drooping ; segments of corolla blunt. '^.. H.
Native of Caucasus, on the tops of the alps of Chinalug and
Wander. Corolla rose-colour. Carpels miiricate.
5('% Hound's-tongue. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2
feet?.
50 C. Baicale'nse (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 764.) leaves spatulate, hispid ; racemes of flowers capi-
tate; stamens longer than the corolla. If.t. H. Native of
Siberia, at Lake Baical. Stem a little longer than the radical
leaves, which are obtuse and petiolate, furnished with 4-5 ses-
sile leaves. Calyx densely woolly. Corolla tubular, hardly
longer than the calyx. Stamens filiform. Carpels marginate,
inclosed in the calyx. Perhaps a species of R'mdera or Mdttia.
Baical Hound's-tongue. PI. h foot.
51 C. RUGOstTM (Sestini, in Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 764.) leaves lanceolate, strigose ; carpels rugose from
impressed dots. — Native of Galatia, Sestini.
Bugose-truhed Hound's-tongue. PI.
Cult. All the species are coarse growing plants, but the
flowers of some of them are very pretty. Tliey are of the
most easy culture, growing in any soil or situation. They are
generally increased by seed, which should be sown in spring in
the open border. The greater number of the species are
biennial, and none are perhaps truly perennial.
XXXIV. ASPERU'GO (from asper, rough; from the
asperity of the whole plant.) Tourn. inst. t. 54. Lin. gen.
no. 189. Schreb. gen. no. 249. Juss. gen. p. 131. Lam. ill.
no. 264. t. 94. Schkuhr, handb. t. 31. Lehm. asper. p. 208.
Schrad. comm. asper. f. 9.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx compressed in
the fruit-bearing state, with plano-parallel, sinuately-toothed
segments. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat closed by vaulted
processes. Carpels 4, 1 -celled, ovate, compressed, smooth, gla-
brous, not perforated at the base, fixed to the central column,
which is 4 winged. — An annual, rough, procumbent plant: with
nearly opposite, distant, oblong, obtuse leaves ; and lateral,
usually solitary, small blue flowers, on short pedicels.
1. A. procu'mbens (Lin. fl. lapp. 778. spec. 198.) ©. H.
Native throughout Europe and Siberia, by way-sides, hedges,
and on walls, and among rubbish. In Britain, at Wangford,
near Brandon, and about Newmarket church ; also in Durham,
as well as in Scotland, about Dunbar and near Edinburgh.
Hall. helv. no. 606. All. ped. 1. no. 171. Roth. tent. fl.
germ. 2. p. 217. Willd. spec. 1. p. 778. Smith, fl. gra-c. t.
177. engl. bot. t. 661. CEder, fl. dan. t. 552. Fl. Bat. t. 152.
Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 134. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 192. Wahl. fl.
lapp. p. 57. Lapeyr. abr. p. 89. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 128.
A. vulgaris, Tourn. inst. p. 135. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 26.
t. 13. — Column, ecphr. p. 183. f. 2. Stem branched, tetrago-
nal, beset with small hooked spines or bristles. Leaves alter-
nate, but nevertheless nearly opposite, attenuated at the base,
beset with hispid pili on both surfaces, having the margin and
midrib furnished with hooked hairs. Corolla with a cylindrical
white tube ; and obovate, roundish, blue segments. Calyx hairy,
terete when in flower, deeply 5-cleft ; with lanceolate, distant
segments, intersected by teeth.
Procumbent German Madwort, or Great Goose-grass. Fl.
April, May. Britain. PI. procumbent.
Cult. This is a weed-like, rough plant, of no beauty. The
seeds only require to be sown in the open border.
Tribe V.
HELIOTRO'PE.^] (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Heliolrbpium in the characters indicated below.) D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. Corolla salver-shaped, or funnel-shaped,
having the throat naked or bearded, and the limb plicate. Car-
pels 4, 1-celled, combined into a single fruit, closed at the
base, not perforated, without any manifest torus or receptacle.
XXXV. HELIOTROTIUM (from i,\iog, helios, the sun ;
and TpoTTT], trope, a turning ; the spikes of flowers are cir-
cinnate, and face outwardly.) Tourn. inst. t. 57. Lin. gen.
no. 179. Schreb. gen. no. 239. Juss. gen. p. 130. ed. Usteri.
p. 145. Lam. ill. no. 253. t. 91. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 423. t.
68. f. 2. Schkuhr, handb. t. 29. Lehm. asper. p. 19.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped ;
throat usually naked, but in some bearded ; segments of the
limb furnished with a simple plicature, or a tooth between
each. Stigma sub-conical. Carpels 4, 1-celled, combined, closed
at the base, without any manifest receptacle. — Strigose, annual,
or shrubby plants with alternate leaves, and circinnate, secund
spikes of small blue or white flowers.
Sect. I. Gyrostachys (from yvpoQ, gyros, curved or bent ;
and ara-^vQ, stachys, a spike ; in reference to the spikes being
spirally revolute.) Spikes of flowers bractless, spirally revo-
lute in the young state.
1 H. amplexicau'le (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 31.) stem shrubby;
leaves half stem-clasping, lanceolate, obtuse, obsoletely repand,
rather canescent ; spikes terminal, aggregate ; tube of corolla
twice as long as the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 740. Lehm. asper. p. 25. Habit of H. Peruvidnum.
Branches pilosely tomentose. Leaves 2 inches long, greenish
grey. Peduncles pilose, 2 or 3 times forked. Corollas large.
Stem-clasping-\eaved Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Shrub 1 to 3
feet.
2 H. Peruvia'num (Lin. spec. p. 187.) stem shrubby ; leaves
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, wrinkled, repand ; spikes terminal,
branched ; tube of corolla hardly the length of the calyx. Jj . G.
Native of Peru. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 2. no. 1. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 740. Lehm. asper. p. 26. Curt. bot. mag. t. 141.
Mill. fig. t. 144. H. odoratum, Moench. meth. 415. Stems
hairy. Leaves clothed with soft hairs above, and somewhat
canescent beneath. Spikes by threes and fours rarely com-
j)ound. Flowers sweet-scented, smelling like vanilla. Corolla
intersected by 5 plicatiires of a purple-lilac colour, with a green-
ish throat.
Far. /3, hyhridum; flowers larger. This hybrid was raised
from seed by Mr. More, of the King's Road, London.
Peruvian Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Fl. May. Sept. Clt. 1757.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
358
BORAGINE/E. XXXV. Heliotropium.
FIG. 37.
3 H. coRYMBosuM (Ruiz. et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 2. no. 1. t.
107. f. a.) stem shrubby; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at
the base, acute, defiexed ; spikes
collected into corymbs ; tube
of corolla twice as long as the
calyx. ?2 . G. Native of Peru.
Bonpl. malm. t. 32. Sims bot.
itiag. t. 1609. H. grandiflo-
rum, Schrank, hort. men. fasc.
1. p. 2. t. 2. Branches downy.
Leaves white from hairs be-
neath, and douny above, but in
the cultivated plant they are
hairy on both surfaces, and not
white beneath. Corolla of a
lilac-purple colour, with 5 pli-
catures, and greenish throat.
C'orymftoje-flowered Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Fl. May, Sept.
Clt. 1808. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
4 H. opposiTiFOLiuM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 2. no. 2. t.
108. f. b.) stem shrubby ; leaves broad-ovate, acute, quite
entire, clothed with retrograde asperities ; spikes dichotomoiisly
corymbose. I; . G. Native of Peru, in arid places in Muna.
Lehm. asper. p. 28. Plant densely hispid. Branches clothed
with rusty tomentum. Calyx small. Corollas white, hispid
outside, twice as long as the calyx.
Opposite-leaved Turnsole. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
5 H. inca'num (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 2. no. 4. t. 108.
f. a.) stem shrubby ; leaves thick, ovate, acute, crenulated, very
much wrinkled above, and lined with retrograde asperities, but
softer and hoary beneath ; spikes dichotomously corymbose.
I; . G. Native of Peru, at Huanuca, on arid hills. Lehm.
asper. p. 29. Branches villous, hoary. Peduncles hairy. Calyx
villous. Corolla white, twice as long as the calyx, rather hispid
outside. Carpels wrinkled.
Hoary Turnsole. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
6 H. viRiDiFLORL'M (Lehm. asper. p. 30.) stem shrubby,
erect, rather hispid ; leaves thickish, petiolate, ovate, quite
entire, rather scabrous above, and velvety beneath ; pediuicles
bifid, divaricate ; spikes terminal, sub-corymbose. Jj . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies. Lithospermum viridifl6rum, Roxb.
Calyx hispid. Corolla green, nearly twice as long as the calyx,
densely clothed with hairs outside.
Green-Jlowered Turnsole. Shrub
7 H. lanceola'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 4. no. 9. t.
111. f. a.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves on short petioles, lance-
olate, wrinkled, rough ; spikes terminal, dichotomously corym-
bose, fj . G. Native of Peru, in the groves of Pillao and
Huanaco. Lehm. asper. p. 31. Plant hispid. Corolla twice
as long as the calyx, pale blue.
Lanceolate-\e&ved Turnsole. Shrub
8 H. ciTRiPOLiuM (Lehm. asper. p. 32.) stem shrubby, erect,
glabrous ; leaves thick, petiolate, oblong, glabrous, shining
above ; spikes terminal, aggregate, disposed in sub-capitate
corymbs. V^ . S. Native of South America. Corolla twice
or thrice as long as the calyx, hairy outside.
Citron-leaved Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub.
9 H. LATiFOLiUM (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 33.) stem
shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves alternate, on very short peti-
oles, ovate, acute, nearly glabrous, narrowed at the base, cili-
ated ; spikes elongated, conjugate and solitary, terminal and
lateral. ^. S. Native of Cumana, in arid places. H. scor-
pioides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 89. Stem branched,
angular at top, beset with adpressed hairs. Leaves nearly
opposite and alternate, green above and paler beneath, beset
with adpressed hairs. Peduncles and calyxes hispid. Corollas
small, white. Carpels roundish, scabrous.
Broad-leaved Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Shrub 1 to 1| foot.
10 H. stenofhy'llum (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 38.) shrubb\ , densely leafy ; leaves in fascicles, very narrow-
linear, fleshy, obtuse, with revolute edges, scabrous from short
strigaj ; spikes conjugate, bractless, hardly longer than the
superior leaves, h . F. Native of Chili, about Coquimbo.
Allied to H. Curassavicum, but that has plane and somewhat
spatulate, glaucous leaves, and is quite glabrous.
Narrow-leaved Heliotrope or Turnsole. Shrub.
11 H. Curassavicum (Lin. spec. 188.) stem herbaceous;
leaves nearly opposite and alternate, narrow-lanceolate, or ob-
long-lanceolate, obsoletely veined, glabrous, glaucous ; spikes
conjugate, compound, or solitary. O- H. Native of South
America, by the sea-side ; Sandwich Islands ; North Ame-
rica, on the sandy banks of the great salt river, and similar
situations on those of the Arkansas. — Forsk. fl. arab. p. 38.
Swartz. obs. bot. p. 56. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 153. Ruiz.
et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 4. no. 10. Horn. hort. hafn. 1 p. 172.
Willd. enum. 1. p. 175. Lehm. asper. p. 34. H. glaucophyl-
lum, Moench. meth. suppl. p. 147. — Sloane. hist. 1. t. 132. f. 3.
— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 31. f. 12. Plant quite glabrous,
glaucous-green. Corolla a little longer than the calyx, white,
with a yellowish-green bottom. Carpels ovate, rugose.
Var. ji, chenopodioldes (Lehm. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, spatu-
late, glaucous, glabrous, obsoletely veined, opposite and alter-
nate ; spikes conjugate. ©. H. H. chenopodioides, Humb.
et Bonp. ex Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 956. Willd. enum. 1. p.
175.— Pluk. aim. t. 36. f. 3.— Herm. par. bat. t. 138.
Curacoa Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731,
/J, 1823. PI. procumbent, or | to 1 foot.
12 H. cane'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
88.) erect, clothed with adpressed villi ; leaves obovate, obtuse ;
spikes terminal and lateral, by threes. 1(1 . S. Native near
Cumana, Bordones, and Cumanacoa, in woody places. Plant
canescent. Leaves having the veins and nerves prominent
beneath. Spikes woolly. Corolla white. Very nearly allied
to H. Coromandeliana, Retz.
Canescent Turnsole, or Heliotrope. PI. erect.
13 H. cine'reum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 89.
t. 206.) erect?, clothed with spreading villi; leaves petiolate,
obovate, obtuse ; spikes terminal and lateral by threes, bract-
less. 11 . S. Native on the banks of the river Apures, near
Arichuna. Stem branched. Branches and leaves white from
villi. Calyx hispid, unequal. Corollas small, white. Fruit
hispid.
Grey Turnsole, or Heliotrope. PI. erect 1
14 H. Partibilce'nse (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 87.) erect?;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, hispid from pili on both sur-
faces ; spikes terminal and lateral, solitary or twin. 1/ . S.
Native on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, between Santa and
Partibilca. Stem and branches hispid. Calyx sub-strigose.
Corolla pilose outside. Fruit bipartible, scabrous.
Partibilca Turnsole or Heliotrope. PI. erect.
15 H. lana'tum (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 89.) shrubby,
clothed with white wool ; leaves ovate, acute, nearly sessile ;
peduncles lateral, dichotomously multifid, of many spikes. Ij .
S. Native of New Granada, near Loxa and Gonzanama, on
the eastern declivities of the Andes, at the altitude of 1000
hexapods. H. argenteum, Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 73.
Corollas unknown. Perhaps a species of Tournejortia,
Woolly Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub
BORAGINEiE. XXXV. Heliotropium.
359
If) H. coria'ceum (Lehm. pug. 1. p. 20.) stems slirubby,
erect ; leaves petiolate, broad-lanceolate, acute, scabrous, canes-
cent beneath, coriaceous ; spikes terminal, aggregate ; tube of
corolla 3 times longer than the calyx. I; . G. Native of
Mexico. Stem branched. Spikes sub-corymbose, many-flow-
ered ; flowers sessile, secund, aggregate. Calycine segments
linear. Corolla lilac. Segments roundish, obtuse. Carpels 4,
oblong, wrinkled.
Coriaccous-\ea\e(i Heliotrope. Shrub
1 7 H. LiNiFOLiUM (I/elmi. in act. soc. scrut. hal. 3. p. 8.)
stems shrubby, panicled, glabrous ; leaves linear, nearly glab-
rous ; spikes racemose, solitary, filiform, lateral and terminal,
elongated ; flowers distant, pedicellate. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Myosotis fruticosa, Lin. mant. p. 201.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 748. Lam. ill. 1. p. 395. no. 1773. Lehm.
asper. p. .'55. Leaves glaucous green, beset with minute, incum-
bent striga: on both surfaces. Corolla white, twice or thrice
longer than the calyx. Fruit hispid. This differs from H.
Zeyldnicum, particularly in the stem and leaves being nearly
glabrous, and in the flowers being pedicellate.
Flax-leaved Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1815. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
IS H. Zeyla'nicum (Lam. diet. 3. p. 94. ill. p. 393. no.
1762.) stem shrubby, branched, pilose ; leaves linear, scabrous
above and villous beneath ; spikes terminal, filiform, solitary,
elongated ; flowers sessile. I^ . S. Native of Ceylon and
Arabia Felix. Willd. spec. 1. p. 744. Lehm. asper. p. 37.
H. Curassavicum, fl, Zeyldnicum, Burm. ind. p. 41. t. IG. f. 2.
H. fruticosum, Forsk. descr. p. 38. Flowers small, white.
Ce!//o« Turnsole. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 foot.
19 H. WiLLDENOwii ; stem shrubby, erect; leaves lanceo-
late, narrowed at the base, mucronate at the apex, clothed with
strigose down, hoary while young ; spikes conjugate, or by
threes, axillary. f^ . S. Native of Brazil. H. canescens,
Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 38. but not of Kunth. Stem
strigose above ; young branches hoary. Corollas small, white.
Carpels rather hispid.
Willdenom's Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Shrub.
20 H. inunda'tum (Swartz, prod. p. 40. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
343.) stem frutescent ; leaves oblong, obtuse, canescent from
hairs ; spikes terminal, erect, by fours. Tq . S. Native of the
West Indies, Mexico, and Brazil, along the sea-shore. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 741. Lehm. asper. p. 39. H. procumbens, Lehm.
H. canescens, Willd. and H. cinereum, Willd. are said to be
the same, ex Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 456. Stem and branches
canescent from adpressed villi. Spikes sessile. Flowers white ?
Inundated Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub.
21 H. decu'mbens (Lehm. in act. nat. scrut. hal. 3. p. 16.)
stem shrubby, decumbent ; leaves elliptic, roundish-obovate,
obtuse, strigose ; spikes filiform, solitary, conjugate, or by threes,
lateral or terminal. h . S. Native of Cumana, Bardones, and
Cumanocoa, in woody places, where it is called Rava de Alaras.
Lehm. asper. p. 3!J. H. procumbens, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 88. Stem and branches beset with incumbent
hairs at top, as well as the leaves. Calyx unequal. Flowers
small, white, much crowded. Carpels rugose, hispid.
Decumbent Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Shrub decumbent.
22 H. gra'cile (R. Br. prod. p. 493.) stem erect ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, flat, acutish, greyish on both surfaces from
adpressed hairs ; spikes conjugate or solitary ; calyxes une-
qual, tj . S. Native of New Holland, and of Brazil, on the
sea-shore. Lehm. asper. p. 40. The var. fl, depressum, Cham,
in Linnaea, 4. p. 457. a native of Brazil, may be a distinct
species. Stem decumbent.
Slender Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub erect.
23 H. SYENITES (Sprang, syst. 1. p. 539.) stem shrubby,
branched, very villous ; leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated at both
ends, entire, villous, on long petioles ; spikes conjugate, lateral;
tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx. h . F. Native of
Upper Egypt. H. villosum, Sieb. H. cinereum, R. Br. H.
Kiinzii, Lehm.
Syenite Heliotrope, Shrub.
24 H. PiLosuM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 3. no. 7. t. 110.
f. a.) stem suffruticose, procumbent ; leaves broad-lanceolate,
pubescently pilose ; spikes short, usually by fours. h . G.
Native of Peru, on arid hills about Lima. Lehm. asper. p. 41.
Plant canescent. Spikes lateral and terminal. Calyxes une-
qual. Corolla white ; tube pilose outside, longer than calyx.
Fruit hispid.
Pilose Turnsole, or Heliotrope. PI. procumbent.
25 H. microca'lyx (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 3. no. 5. t.
109. f. b.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sub-
acuminated ; spikes dichotomous, opposite the leaves ; calyx
small, 5-toothed. h . G. Native of Peru, on hills. Lehm.
asper. p. 42. Plant very downy. Corolla white, twice as long
as the calyx.
Small-calyxed Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub erect.
26 H. hu'mile (Lam. ill. p. 393. no. 1757. Lehm. in act.
nat. scrut. hal. 3. p. 11.) stem suffruticose, depressed; leaves
petiolate, lanceolate- ovate, acute, repand, villous ; spikes soli-
tary, lateral, pedunculate. Pj . S. Native of the West Indies.
Lehm. asper. p. 43. Branches pilose. Leaves green above,
and paler beneath. Flowers crowded. Corolla white; tube
lengtli of calyx. Nut rugose from numerous dots.
Humble Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1752. Shrub 1 foot.
27 H. PARViFLORUM (Lin. mant. p. 201.) stem herbaceous,
erect ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong-ovate, hairy ; spikes
solitary and conjugate; flowers small. ©. S. Native of the
East Indies, and of the West Indies, in St. Thomas, by way-
sides. Willd. spec. 1. p. 741. enum. 1. p. 174. Horn. hort.
hafn. 1. p. 172. H. angiospermum, Murr. prod, goett. p. 217.
—Dill. elth. p. 178. t. 146. f. 175. Stem pilose. Lateral
spikes usually solitary : terminal ones conjugate. Calyxes
unequal. Corollas small, a little longer than the calyx ; tube
green, ventricose ; limb white ; segments intersected by plicae ;
throat pilose. Carpels rugose and hispid.
Small-flowered Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. 1732. PI. li foot.
28 H. Coromandelia'na (Retz. obs. 2. p. 9. Vahl. symb. 1.
p. 13.) stems herbaceous, prostrate; leaves petiolate, obovate-
oblong, canescent from incumbent hairs ; spikes solitary or
conjugate, lateral or terminal ; calyxes unequal. ©. S. Native
of Coromandel and Bengal. Willd. spec. 1. p. 743. Lehm.
asper. p. 46. Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 2. Root simple,
woody. Stems many from the same root, at first prostrate, then
ascending, grey from adpressed hairs. Spikes and calyxes pilose.
Corolla white, pilose outside ; tube longer than the calyx.
Var. fl, ovalijolium (Lehm. asper. p. 47.) leaves oval, villous,
silky ; spikes conjugate and simple ; calyxes unequal ; stigma
nearly sessile, bearded at apex ; stem erect or decumbent. ©.
H. Native of Arabia Felix, and New Holland, within the
tropic. H. ovalifolium, Forsk. descrip. p. 38. R. Br. prod. p.
493. This variety differs from the species in its larger stature ;
in the branches and leaves being densely villous and silky ; and
in the carpels being pilose. Perhaps a distinct species.
Coromandel Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. July, Nov. Clt.
1812. PI. prostrate.
29 H. Cape'nse (Swartz, in litt. Lehm. in act. nat. scrut. hal.
3. p. 13. asper. p. 50.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched ; leaves
360
BORAGINEiE, XXXV. Heliotropium.
ovate-roundisli, plicate, strigose above, and rather tomentose
beneath ; spikes pedunculate, solitary, and conjugate ; calyx
closed, with 5 short connivent segments, falling off in the fruit-
bearing state. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Plant hoary and downy. Leaves undidately plicate. Spikes
axillary. Carpels large, wrinkled, glabrous.
Cape Turnsole. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821-. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
30 H. Europje'um (Lin. spec. p. 187. hort. ups. p. 33.) stem
herbaceous, erect; leaves ovate, flat, lined, finely tomentose;
lateral spikes solitary : terminal ones conjugate ; calyx stel-
lately spreading in the fruit-bearing state. Q. H. Native of
the South of Europe, and in the regions of Caucasus. Gmel.
sib. 4. p. 74. no. 11. Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 120.
Poll. pal. 1. p. 177. All. ped. 1. no. 187. Vill. dauph. 2. p.
450. Jacq. fl. austr. 3. p. 4. t. 207. Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. S3.
Regn. bot. 1. t. 32. Roth. tent. fl. germ. 2. p. 211. Sut. fl.
helv. 1. p. 101. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 118. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p.
84. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 115. Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p.
166. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2705. H. supinimi. Pall. ind. taur. H.
canescens, Moench. meth. p. 415. H. erectum. Lam. fl. fr. 2.
p. 281.— Hall. helv. no. 593.— Plenck. off. t. 74.— Mor. hist. 3.
sect. 11. t. 31. f. 7. Tourn. inst. p. 139. Stem grey from
villi. Leaves smoothish above, canescent, obtuse or terminated
by a small acumen. Corolla white, plicate above, intersected by
5 teeth. Stigma bifid at top. Carpels rugose, warted.
Var. ii; flowers larger, sweet-scented. Q. H. Native of
Caucasus, Tauria, and Switzerland. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 118.
Suter, 1. c. Haller, 1. c. H. Europse'um, Pall. ind. taur.
-Ettj-oppan Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1562.
PI. i to I foot.
31 H. OBLONGiFoLiuM (Link. enum. 1. p. 163.) leaves petio-
late, oblong, obtuse, quite entire, rough, beset with scattered
hairs. ©• H. Native of the South of Europe. Very like H.
Euro}^ce'um, and hardly distinct. Corolla white.
Oblung-leaved Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.
1S24. PI. i to 1 foot.
32 H. jEgypti'acum (Lehm.in. sem. hort. hamb. 1820. p. 8.)
stem erect, branched, soft, downy, pale green ; branches spread-
ing ; leaves elliptic, or ovate, quite entire, clothed with fine
tomentum ; spikes terminal, much branched. ©. H. Native
of Egypt. H. pallens, Cailliaud voy. pi. meroe. no 55. t. 3. f.
4. Habit of U. Europce'um and H. suaveolens, but differs in
the much greater stature. Corollas large, white. Nuts glab-
rous, reticulated, scabrous, ex Cailliaud.
Egyptian Heliotrope. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI.
33 H. commuta'tum (Roem. et Schultes. syst. 4. p. 29.)
leaves ovate, wrinkled, petiolate ; corolline segments obtuse.
0. H. Native of Galicia. H. hilraile, Schultes, obs. bot. p.
27. This is much smaller than H. Europceum, but otherwise
much like it.
Changed Tumso\e. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800. PI. i foot.
34 H. viLLOsuM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 744.) stem Iierbaceous,
erect, very villous ; leaves ovate, flat, villous ; spikes lateral
and terminal, solitary and conjugate ; corollas large ; calyx
spreading in the fruit-bearing state. ©. H. Native of the
Islands in the Archipelago. Desf. ann. mus. 10. p. 427. t. 33.
Lehm asper. p. 53. H. hirsutissimum, Weber, pi. kit. 1783. no.
1. Heiiotr. majus, flore magno inodoro, Tourn. cor. inst. p.
7. Habit of H. Europceum. Plant densely villous; hairs
yellowish. Corollas large, white, with a yellow throat, densely
villous outside. Fruit wrinkled, glabrous.
J'illous Turnsole, or Heliotrope. PI. 2 feet.
35 H. BoccoNi (Guss. sem. hort. Bocc. 1825. ex Linnaea, 4.
p. 37.) perhaps the same as H. suaveolens, from Buccone's
synonymes, but in Gussone's the leaves and calyxes are tomen-
tose. ©. H. Native of the South of Europe. Calyxes not
subulate, nor the stem less divaricate, and the seeds smaller
than in H. Europcr^um.
Boccone's Heliotrope or Turnsole. PI. | foot.
36 H. obova'tum (Roxb. mss. ex D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p.
101.) herbaceous; stem decumbent, divided; leaves obovate,
petiolate, nerveless, flat, silky on both surfaces ; spikes conju-
gate; calyx shorter than the tube of the corolla. ©. H. Na-
tive of Nipaul, towards the banks of the river Morshidabad.
Oiocrtie-leaved Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. May, June.
Clt. 1825. PI. decumbent.
37 H. GLANDULosuM (R. Br. prod. p. 493.) stem suffruti-
cose ; leaves oval, obtuse, wrinkled, tomentose ; spikes conju-
gate ; calyx glandular, fj . G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast.
G/awfMnr-calyxed Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub.
38 H. EROSHM (Lehm. in act. nat. scrut. hal. 3. p. 15. asper.
p. 54.) stem suffruticose, decumbent ; leaves oblong, obtuse,
tapering into the petioles, erosely denticulated, beset with retro-
grade stiff hairs ; spikes terminal, conjugate, rarely by threes.
Jj . G. Native of Teneriffe. Plant canescent. Spikes com-
pact. Peduncles and calyxes hairy. Corolla white ; tube
longer than the calyx, pilose ; limb curled. Fruit glabrous.
£ro,sc- leaved Heliotrope, or Turnsole. Shrub decumbent.
39 H. erioca'rpum (Delile, in litt. ex Lehm. asper. p. 55.)
stem shrubby, erect, much branched, hoary ; leaves sessile,
ovate, villous, warted, with waved, repand, revolute margins ;
spikes conjugate. f; . G. Native of Egypt. Lithospermum
digynura, Forsk. fl. arab. descrip. p. 40. H. lineatuiu, Delile,
fl. segypt. p. 37. t. 16. f. 2. but not of Vahl. Branches dicho-
tomously divided, hoary, tomentose at top, spinescent and naked
in summer. Leaves canescent. Spikes sessile, terminal. Calyx
villous. Corolla glabrous, red ? ; tube ventricose above. Car-
pels hoary from very long villi.
Hairy -fruited Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub.
40 H. undula'tum (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 13.) stem shrubby,
procumbent ; leaves lanceolate, hispid, with undulately curled
margins ; spikes conjugate, axillary and terminal. Jj . G.
Native of Egypt, in sandy places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 743. H.
crispum, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 151. t. 41. Lithospermum hispi-
dum, Forsk. descr. p. 38. no. 24. Branches grey from short
tomentum. Leaves rather cinereous. Calyx pilose. Corolla
small, white, pilose outside, longer than the calyx, with teeth-
formed plica? between the segments of the limb. Carpels clothed
with white villi.
C'jifZ«/a(erf-leaved Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. July, Aug.
Clt. 1820. Shrub procuiubent.
41 H. linea'tum (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 13.) stem shrubby, pro-
cumbent ; leaves petiolate, elliptic, villous, flat, with revolute
margins ; spikes conjugate, bracteolate, lateral and terminal.
Vj . G. Native of Egypt. Willd. spec. 1. p. 743. Lehm.
asper. p. 58. Lithospermum heliotropioides, Forsk, descr. p.
39. no. 25. Branches villous, tomentose above. Bracteas
linear, acute. Calyx villous. Corolla glabrous, longer than the
calyx, having teeth between the segments of the limb. Car-
pels villous. Stigma entire.
Zj'nerf-leaved Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Shrub procum-
bent.
42 H. aspe'rrimum (R. Br. prod. p. 493.) plant strigose,
very rough ; spikes capitate ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sessile,
with revolute, undulated margins ; stem erect. ^2 '• G. Na-
tive of New Holland, on the south coast. Lehm. asper.
p. 56.
Very-rough Turnsole, or Heliotrope. PI. erect.
43 H. ^Iorocca'num (Lehm. asper. p. SQ.) stem shrubby,
BORAGINE.E. XXXV. Heliotropium.
3G1
erect, strict ; leaves lanceolate, beset witli incumbent hairs,
witli inidulated, revolute margins ; spikes conjugate and com-
pound, lateral and terminal. H . G. Native of the kingdom of
Morocco. Stem hispid. Branches beset with incumbent pili,
as well as the leaves, rather hispid. Spikes at first iiorizontal.
Calyx grey, hispid, with ciliated segments. Corolla large ;
tube nearly twice as long as the calyx, beset with white hairs
above ; limb undulately curled. Carpels wrinkled, glabrous.
Nearly allied to H. uiidulatiim.
Morocco Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
44 H. Ambaine'nse (Fres. fl. egypt. et arab. p. 168.) plant
clothed with glandular hairs ; stem shrubby at the base, branch-
ed, clothed with canescent villi ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceo-
late, pilose, with undulated margins ; spikes almost solitary,
bractless, spiral while young ; tube of corolla twice as long as
the calyx. H . G. Native of Arabia, at Thai Ambain.
Ambain Heliotrope, or Turnsole, Shrub.
Sect. 11. Ortiiostachys (from op-Joc, ortlios, straight ; and
oTayyc, slachtjs, a spike ; tlie spikes of flowers are straight at
first, not circinnate or revolute as in the preceding section.) R.
Br. prod. p. 493. Spikes generally solitary, bracteate or leufy,
not spiral or circinnate in the young state. Cracteas opposite
the flowers, or nearly so.
45 H. BREViFOLiuM (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 2.) plant suffruticose,
covered with adpressed greyish hairs ; stems prostrate, densely
tufted; leaves approximate, sessile, narrow-linear, somewhat
falcate, with recurved margins, canescent ; racemes solitary,
terminal, slender, straight : with short, ovate bracteas, opposite
to, and equalling the pedicels, linear ; calyx and nuts strigose.
$ ?. F. Native of Nipaul, in the vicinity of Katmandu and
Gosainsthan. H. compactum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 101.
Plant greyish. Racemes at first sliglitly recurved. Corolla
white, twice as long as the calyx, with a yellow tube ; limb
plicate ; segments slightly crenulated.
Short-leaved Turnsole, or Heliotrope. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1824. PI. prostrate.
46 H. sALicoiDES (Cham, in Linnaja, 4. p. 117.) plant shrub-
by, canescent from silky strigaj ; branches terete, slender ;
leaves scattered, nearly sessile, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
keeled fiom the nerve, with leflexed margins ; spikes simple,
terminal, revolute, sometimes lateral, and opposite the leaves,
bracteolate, dense flowered ; flowers sessile ; calycine segments
ovate, acute, nearly equal ; tube of corolla equal in height to
the calyx ; limb strigose outside ; carpels strigose, shorter than
the calyx ; anthers connivent and cohering at top. P; . S.
Native of Brazil. A small trailing or creeping shrub, with the
habit of Siilix incuhacca, and S. ripens. Said to be nearly
allied to //. Otlunis and H.fruticbsum.
JVilluiv-likc Heliotrope. Shrub creeping.
47 H. Ottonis (Lehm. asper. p. 59.) stem shrubby ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, erect, with revolute edges, canescent from
somewhat silky, incumbent hairs, or strigse ; spikes solitary,
terminal, elongated, bracteate. ^ . S. Native of Caraccas.
H. strictuni, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 87. Tour-
nefurtia nionostachya, Willd. rel. ex Roem. etSchultes, syst. 4. p.
540. Steiii branched at top. Carpels rather hispid, Branches
linear, acuminated, hispid. Calyxes unequal.
Olio's Heliotrope. Shrub 1^ foot.
48 H. FRUTicosuM (Lin. spec. p. 187. amoen. 4. p. 394.) stem
shrubby ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose, recurved at apex ;
spikes lateral, nearly sessile, solitary, bracteolate. Ij . S. Na-
tive of South America. Lam. ill. no. 1766. Lehm. asper. p.
VOL. IV.
60. Tournefortia hiimilis, Swartz. obs. bot. p. 55, exclusive of
the syn. of Lin. Willd. spec. 1. p. 793. H. demissum, Ruem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 27. — Plum., pi. amer. t. 227. f. 2. —
Sloane, hist. t. 132. f. 4. Stem much branched; branches
scabrous. Leaves with revolute edges, green above, and hoary
beneath, from the hairs being more copious. Bracteas linear.
Flowers on short pedicels. Peduncles and calyxes pilose. Co-
rolla white. Stigma capitate. Carpels rather hispid.
Shrubby Heliotrope. .Shrub 2 feet.
49 H. TERNA~TUM (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 21.) stem shrubby;
leaves lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, those on the younger branches
alternate, hoary beneath ; spikes terminal, pedunculate, conju-
gate ; bracteas linear. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies.
Willd spec. 1. p. 745. Lehm. asper. p. 61. Branches canes-
cent from soft hairs. Leaves beset with white callous dots
above. Lateral spikes, if any, usually simple. Flowers on
short pedicels. Calyx pilose. Corolla white, large ; tube
longer than the calyx, pilose above ; limb plicate.
Ternate-leaved Heliotrope. Shrub.
50 H. HiRTUM (Willd. herb. no. 3247. Lehm. in act. nat.
scrut. hal. 3. p. 10. asper. p. 62.) stem shrubby, hairy; leaves
linear-lanceolate, hairy, hoary beneath, rather soft ; spikes
lateral and terminal, solitary, bracteolate. ^2 • S. Native of
Cumana, and New Andalusia, and Brazil, in sandy places. H.
hispidum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 87. Branches
canescent, pilose. Leaves with revolute edges. Spikes com-
pact. Bracteas minute. Calyx hairy ; tube of corolla longer
than the calyx, villous under the limb. Carpels rather hispid.
Hairy Heliotrope. Shrub.
51 H. polyi'hy'ixum (Lehm. 1. c. p. 9. asper. p. 63.) stem
slirubb}', erect, or prostrate ; leaves linear-lanceolate, strigosely
pilose ; sjiikes terminal, solitary, leafy, recurved at top. Ij . S.
Native about the Orinoco, and of Brazil. Cham, in Linnaea, 4.
p. 462. H. foliosum, Willd. herb. no. 3252. Branches stri-
gose, when young canescent. Leaves very numerous, on short
petioles. Flowers nearly sessile, opposite the leaves or inter-
foliaceous. Calyx strigose, unequal. Tube of corolla length
of calyx, rather pilose ; segments acute, lanceolate. Carpels
rather hispid.
Many-leaved Heliotrope. Shrub.
52 H. folia'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 493.) plant annual, strigose
from decumbent hairs; branches ascending ; leaves lanceolate,
flat ; sjiikes few-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, on short peti-
oles, twice as long as the calyx. ©. H. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Leafy-'^^WeA Heliotrope. ' PI. ascending.
53 H, AfricaVum (Schum. pl. guin. p. 87.) leaves ovate,
acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; spikes solitary ; corollas 3
times longer than the calyx, with a narrow neck. ©. H.
Native of Guinea. Stein procumbent, branched, pilose. Co-
rollas pale blue.
African Heliotrope. PI. erect.
54 H. STRiGosuM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 743. Pers. ench. I. p.
743. Schum. pl. guin. 8G.) stem shrubby, ascending ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, strigosely papillose ; .>pikes leafy : lateral ones
solitary : terminal ones conjugate. Fj . S. Native of Guinea.
Lehm. asper. p. 64. Root fusiform. Stem covered with ad-
pressed white hairs, branched. Leaves on short petioles, beset
with white adpressed hairs on both surfaces, which rise from
papillae. Bracteas sessile, lanceolate, length of flowers, which
are distant. Corolla white, with a tooth between each of the
segments. Carpels strigose.
Strigose Heliotrope. Slirub 5 to 1 foot.
55 H. MYosoToiDES (Lehm. in act. nat. scrut. hal. 3. p. IS.
asper. p. 65.) stem frutescent, erect, purplish ; leaves linear,
3 A
362
BORAGINEjE. XXXV. Heliotropium.
sessile, strigose ; spikes solitary, bracteate ; bracteas longer
than the calyx. ^ . F. Native of the Levant. Habit of
Myosotis. Stem beset vi'ith adpressed, stiff' hairs, as well as
the calyx and pedicels. Young branches hoary from copious
hairs. Leaves deep green. Spikes lateral and terminal. Flow-
ers pedicellate. Carpels rather hispid.
Mouse-ear-like Heliotrope. Shrub erect.
56 H. Rottie'ri (Lehm. asper. p. 66.) stem shrubby, erect ;
leaves oval-lanceolate, hispid ; spikes lateral and terminal,
solitary ; bracteas. lanceolate, nearly the length of the calyx.
Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Root fusiform, woody,
with horizontal fibres. Stems many from the same root, beset
with small white hairs or strigae. Flowers on short pedicels.
Calyx hispid, lengtli of the tube of the corolla. Corolla pilose
outside. Carpels hispid when examined by a lens.
Rattler's Heliotrope. Shrub i to 1 foot.
57 H. THYMiFOLiUM (Vahl, in litt. ex Lehm. in act. nat.
scrut. hal. 3. p. 17.) stem shrubby, depressed; leaves oblong,
strigose ; spikes solitar)', terminal, elongated, leafy. ^ . S.
Native country unknown. Lehm. asper. p. 67. Stetn hispid
at top ; branches floriferous. Bracteas lanceolate, on short
petioles, length of the cauline leaves. Calyx hispid, length of
the tube of the corolla. Corolla small, downy outside. Nuts
ratlier villous.
Thyme-leaved Heliotrope. Shrub depressed.
58 H. PAUciFLORUM (R. Br. prod. 493.) annual, erect, much
branched, strigose ; hairs decumbent ; leaves lanceolate, linear,
shorter than half an inch, with recurved margins ; spikes few-
flowered ; bracteas linear, length of calyx, equalling the tube
of the corolla, which is acutish. ©. H. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Few-flowered Heliotrope. PI. erect.
59 H. Pe'rsicum (Lam. diet. 3. p. 94. ill. p. 393. no. 1761.)
stem shrubby, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, oblique, re-
curved, silky, hoary ; spikes terminal, leafy. ^ . F. Native
of Persia. Lehm. asper. p. 68. Heliotropium Persicum inca-
num, floribus variegatis, Burm. fl. ind. p. 41. t. 19. f. 1.
Branches grey from adpressed hairs. Leaves hoary from copi-
ous, prostrate hairs. Flowers on short pedicels. Carpels minute,
rather hispid.
Persian Heliotrope. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
60 H. fascicula'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 494.) suffruticose,
much br.inched, strigose ; hairs spreading ; leaves linear, acute,
sessile, with recurved margins, a line and a half long, in fasci-
cles ; flowers scattered. H . G. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic.
Fascicled-\ea\eA Heliotrope. .Shrub.
61 H. Campechia'num (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. asper. p. 69.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 86.) stem shrubby,
branched, procumbent ; leaves lanceolate, strigose, acute at both
ends ; spikes terminal, solitary, elongated, leafy ; calyx sub-
bilabiate, with unequal segments. ^^ . ox 1/ . S. Native about
Campeachy. Branches filiform, strigose. Lower flowers on
short pedicels : upper ones sessile. Tube of corolla length of
the larger calycine segments, pilose outside; segments acutish.
Carpels hispid when examined by a lens.
Campeacliy Heliotrope. Shrub procumbent.
62 H. bractea'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 493.) annual, strigose
from decumbent hairs ; branches erect ; leaves lanceolate, flat ;
spikes few-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, nearly sessile, a little
longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic, on the sea-shore.
i?rac/eo/c-flowered Heliotrope. PI. erect.
63 H. MARiFOLiuM (Retz. obs. 2. p. 8-9. no. 8.) stem fruti-
culosc, procumbent, filiform ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, acute.
pilose ; spikes usually solitary ; bracteas linear-lanceolate,
shorter than the calyx. Ij • S- Native of India. Willd. spec.
1. p. 742. Lehm. asper. p. 70. Stem beset with incumbent
hairs. Leaves figure of those of Teucrium Marum, but narrower
and smaller. Flowers distant, on short pedicels. Nuts hispid,
or prickly at the base.
Cat-thyme-leaved Heliotrope. Shrub procumbent.
64 H. sca'brum (Retz, obs. 2. p. 8. no. 7.) stem herbaceous,
depressed, branched; leaves linear-lanceolate, oblique, strigose,
with revolute edges ; spikes solitary, lateral and terminal ;
bracteas lanceolate, longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of
India, in rice-fields. Lehm. asper. p. 70. Plant small. Root
fusiform, simple. .Stem nearly simple, strigose from adpressed
hairs. Leaves nearly sessile : upper ones opposite. Flowers
small, distant. Calyx hispid. Carpels villous at apex.
Jar. ft, humile (Lehm. asper. p. 71.) stem more humble and
more branched. ©. H. Native of India, in waste places.
Scabrous Heliotrope. PI. small.
65 H. VENTRicosuM (R. Br. prod. p. 494.) annual, erect,
branched, strigose from rather spreading hairs ; leaves linear,
acute, with recurved marj.ins ; spikes many-flowered ; bracteas
equalling the acuminated calyxes ; tube of corolla exserted near
the top, and ventricose. ©. H. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic, on the sea-shore.
Ventricose-^oviexeA Heliotrope. PI. erect.
66 H. panicula'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 494.) suflfruticose,
much branched, strigose from rather adpressed pili ; leaves nar-
row-linear, with recurved margins ; spikes alternate, panicled ;
bracteas shorter than the acute calyxes. V^ . S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea-shore.
P«)H'c/erf-spiked Heliotrope. Shrub.
67 H. TENUiFOLUiM (R. Br. 1. c.) plant erect, clothed with
hoary tomentum ; leaves linear-filiform ; spikes alternate or
solitary ; bracteas subulate, shorter than the calyx, which is
silky. ©. H. Native of New Holland, on the sea-shore,
within the tropic.
Thin-leaved Heliotrope. PI. erect.
68 H. glabe'llum (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, much branched,
glabrous ; leaves linear-filiform, with recurved margins, beset
with a few hairs beneath ; spikes few ; bracteas subulate, hardly
equalling the calyxes, which are ciliated; limb of corolla shorter
than the tube. ^ . S. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic.
Glabrous Heliotrope. Shrub.
69 H. prostra'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) annual, prostrate, strigose
from adpressed pili ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, flat, nearly
sessile; bracteas hardly equal in length to the calyx. ©. H.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea-shore.
Prostrate Heliotrope. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI.
prostrate.
70 H. humistra'tum (Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 462.) tufted
and trailing ; stems sim))le, many from the same root, villous ;
leaves densely imbricate, villous, lanceolate, acute ; racemes
leafy ; flowers pedicellate, extrafoliaceous, equal in length to
the leaves ; pedicels length of calyx. ©. F. Native of tropi-
cal Brazil, in argillaceous soil. Habit of Paronychia, or Her-
niaria. Flowers size of those of H. parvifldrum. Calycine
segments equal, lanceolate, acute, rather villous. Corolla
villous outside, bearded in the throat. Anthers bearded at
apex.
Trailing Heliotrope. PI. trailing.
71 11. ocella'tum (Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 463.) erect, cine-
reous, strigose ; leaves lanceolate, bUmtish, sub-cimeated, petio-
late ; spikes simple, terminal, bracteate ; bracteas equalling or
exceeding the flowers. ©. H. Native of Brazil. The whole
12
BORAGINEiE. XXXV. Heliotropium.
363
plant is greyish from striga?. Leaves i an inch long. Flowers
small, size of those of H. parviflorum. Calycine segments une-
qual, lanceolate, acute. Corolla slender, pale, strigose outside ;
tube shorter than the calyx ; limb with a tooth between eacli
lobe. Carpels smooth.
Oce/faie-fruited Heliotrope. PI. | to | foot.
72 H. HUMiFu'suM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 85.
t. 205.) plant suffruticose, creeping, leafy ; leaves crowded, lan-
ceolate-oblong, acute, 1 -nerved, stiff, hispid ; flowers in the
axils of the superior leaves. (j . S. Native of Cuba, near
Havana, in dry places. Lithospermum humifusum, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 548. Leaves 3 lines long, on short petioles, which
are dilated and sheathing at the base. Calyx hispid, rather
unequal. Corollas size of those of Myosbtis arvensis, hispid
outside ; tube inflated in the middle, hardly equal in length to
the calyx ; limb plicate, 5-lobed. Stigma capitate, depressed.
Fruit hispid, Said to be nearly allied to H. orkntale, Lin.
Perhaps a proper genus.
Trailing Heliotrope. Shrub creeping.
73 H. FiLiFORME (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 86. t. 204.) pro-
cumbent, hispid from strigaB ; leaves lanceolate-spatulate,
obtuse ; spikes terminal and lateral, solitary and conjugate,
filiform, bracteate ; bracteas minute, linear. If. . S. Native on
the sandy banks of the river Apures, between El Diamante
and San Fernando. H. t^nue, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 737. Stems diffuse. Leaves 5 inch long, with the peti-
oles. Spikes revolute at top. Calyx unequal, hispid. Corolla
white ; tube about equal in length to the calyx. Carpels downy.
Filijorm Heliotrope. PI. procumbent.
Sect. HL Heliotrophy'tum (derivation the same as that of
the genus, with the addition of (jjvtov, phyton, a plant.) Cham,
in Linnsea, 4. p. 458. Carpels 2, 2-celled, 2-seeded. This sec-
tion joins this genus with Tournefortia.
74 H. TOMENTosuM (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 23.) plant clothed
with wliite tomentum ; stem shrubby ; leaves ovate, obtuse, on
long petioles, nerveless; spikes lateral, twin, bractea'e. Tj.S.
Native of the East Indies. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 39.
Stem branched from the base. Leaves 8-10 lines long. Spikes
an inch long, a little revolute at apex. Calyx hispid, acute, a
little shorter than the corolla, which is small.
Tomenlose Heliotrope. Shrub.
75 H ?. NicoTiAN^FOLiA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 23.) stem herba-
ceous, villous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, nearly glabrous, with
undulated margins ; spikes twin, terminal, bracteate. © ?. H.
Native of Buenos Ayres. Leaves petiolate, 3-4 inches long,
and 2 broad ; petioles an inch long, pilose, with usually a pair
of smaller leaves in the axils of the larger ones. Peduncles
compressed, pilose, length of petioles. Calyx hispid, a little
smaller than the corolla, which is small. Perhaps a species of
Tiaridium.
Tobacco-leaved Heliotrope. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
76 H ?. ANCHUsa;F6LiuM (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 23.) stem shrub-
by ; leaves stem-clasping, linear-lanceolate, roughish ; pedun-
cles terminal, solitary ; spikes bifid, or trifid ; flowers spicately
capitate, bracteate. ^ . S. Native of Buenos Ayres, and
Brazil. Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 40. The whole plant is
velvety from strigose canescent tomentum. Leaves crowded,
2 inches long, and 6-8 lines broad, obtuse. Peduncles villous.
Spikes 2-3 together, crowded into a head. Calyx hispid.
Corollas blue, size and form of those of H. Peruviaruim ; tube
clothed with viscid villi outside. Perhaps the same as H.
amplexicaule, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 21.
Bugloss-leavcd Heliotrope. Shrub 5 tol| foot.
77 H ?. polysta'ciiyum (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 23.) plant yellow ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, on long petioles, tomentose beneath ;
spikes numerous, terminal. I7 . S. Native of Pondicherry.
Commerson in herb. Desf. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 40.
Branches spreading, villous. Leaves thickish, 1-2 inches long,
rather pilose above. Spikes 3-4 together, unequal, very long.
Calyx hispid. Corolla small, white. Carpels involucrated by the
undurated angular calyx, form of a capsular pericarp.
Many-spiked Heliotrope. Shrub.
78 H. siD.EFOLiuM (Cham, in Linnaea, 4. p. 460.) stem
shrubby ; leaves lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, petiolate, acute,
or bluntish ; spikes terminal, anJ from the axils of the upper
leaves. fj • F- Native of Brazil. This species agrees with
H. ancfucstrJoHum in the stature, habit, hairiness, inflorescence,
flowers, and fruit, but differs in the leaves. Plant strigose.
Flowers nearly sessile. Corolla hairy outside. Fruit tubercled.
Sida-leaved Heliotrope. Shrub J to I5 foot.
79 H. PHYLicoiDEs (Cham, in Linneea, 4. p. 460.) shrubby,
clothed with white villi ; lower leaves ovate, acute, becoming
narrower as they ascend, until they are almost linear ; spikes
terminal, trifid, or twice bifid. Jj . F. Native of the South of
Brazil. Leaves with reflexed margins. Corolla having the
tube villous outside ; limb blue. Stigma depressedly conical.
Carpels tubercular. Very nearly allied to H. anchuscefolium.
Phylica-like Heliotrope. Shrub i to H foot.
•j- Species hardly known.
80 H ?. ANOMALUM (Hook. et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
06.) plant suffruticose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at
the base, hispid from strigae ; racemes glomerate ; calycine
segments very unequal ; carpels 5. Ij . G. Native of the Society
Islands. Root fusiform. Racemes usually bifid. Plant stri-
gose. Corolla 5-6 cleft, plicate. Stamens 5-6. Stigma capi-
tate, pencilled. Perhaps the same as Lithospermum incanum,
Forst. or perhaps a new genus. Two of the calycine segments
are spatulate, the others linear.
Anomalous Heliotrope. Shrub.
81 H. TOMENTOSUM (Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 4. Lehm. asper.
p. 73.) stem shrubby ; leaves linear, repand, villous ; spikes
lateral, conjugate. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Tomentose Heliotrope. Shrub.
82 H. ORiENTA LE (Houtt. pfl. syst. 5. p. 402.) leaves linear,
glabrous, veinless ; flowers scattered, lateral. Q. H. Native
of Asia. Lin. spec. 1. p. 188. Willd. spec. l.p. 745. Li-
thospermum Javanicum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 547. Plant small,
procumbent, creeping. Flowers nearly sessile, solitary among
the leaves.
Eastern Heliotrope. PI. procumbent.
S3 H. BACciFERUM (Forsk. descrip. p. 38.) stem frutescent,
prostrate ; leaves oblong, or roundish, hispid, with reflexed
margins ; spikes bracteate. I^ . G. Native of Arabia. Vittm.
summ. 1. p. 379. Lehm. asper. p. 74. H. villosum, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 541. Corolla with a yellowish tube, which is twice
as long as the calyx ; limb white ; throat naked. Style thick-
ened in the middle with a broad ring under the bifid stigma.
Seeds contained in an umbonate 4-angled berry.
Berry-bearing Heliotrope. Shrub.
84 H. tetra'ndrum (Lour. coch. p. 103. ed. Willd. 1. p.
183.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, opposite ; spikes
crowded, terminal. 2/ . F. Native of Cochinchina, among
luxuriant herbs. Stems erect, multiple, diffuse, whitish, bluntly
tetragonal. Flowers reddish, in long dense spikes. Corolla
campanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 4, about equal in length to the
3 A 2
364
BORAGINEiE. XXXV. Heliotropium. XXXVI. Piptoclaina. XXXVII. Tiaridium.
corolla. Stigma bifid. Seeds 4, naked. Calyx small, 5-cleft.
Perhaps a species of J'erhtna.
Tetrandrous-^owexeA Heliotrope. PI. 1 foot.
N.B. In Salt's trav. in abys. p. 475, tlieie are 3 species
enumerated, but without any diagnosis. 1. H. cinereum, R.
Br. 2. H. ellipticum, R. Br. and H. dubium, R. Br.
Cult. Several of the species of Heliotropium, or Turnsole,
are valued on account of the fragrance of their blossoms, so
that a few of them are to be met with in almost every collection
of plants. The shrubby and perennial kinds thrive in any kind
of rich, light soil ; and young cuttings of them root readily
under a hand-glass. The European annual species should be
treated as other hardy annuals, by sowing the seeds in the
open ground : the tropical species, like other tender annuals, by
being reared on a hot-bed, and afterwards planted out.
XXXVI. PIPTOCLATNA (from irnrTui, pipto, to fall ; and
nXao'a, klaina, a cloak ; in reference to the calyx being dcidu-
ous.) Heliotropium, species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-
toothed, deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat furnished
with a tooth between each of the segments. Stamens inclosed.
Stigma simple. Carpels solitary, or 4, 1-celled. — Diffuse or
canescent annual plants. Leaves petiolate, alternate. Flowers
disposed in solitary, or twin spikes.
1 S. Malaba'rica ; stems herb.-iceous, depressed ; leaves
ovate, plicate, entire, clothed with hoary tomentum on both
surfaces, pilose ; spikes lateral and terminal, generally solitary ;
calyx large, deciduous in the fruit-bearing state. ©. H. Native
of Malabar. Heliotropium Malabaricum, Retz. obs. 4. p. 24.
Willd. spec. l.p. 743. Lehm. .isper. p. 48. H.Europae'um,Forsk.
descr. p. 38. H. EuropEe'um, var. Malabaricum, Burni. ind.
p. 40 ?. Plant soft to the touch. Spikes sometimes conjugate.
Corolla white, longer than the calyx. Carpels rugose, glabrous.
Calycine teeth short, connivent.
Malabar Piptoclaina. PL trailing.
2 S. supiNA ; stems herbaceous, decumbent ; leaves oval,
obtuse, plicate, with the margins a little reflexed, and obsoletely
crenulated, hoary beneath, villous ; spikes generally solitary,
seldom conjugate, usually lateral ; calyx closed, deciduous in
the fruit-bearing state. ©. H. Native of Portugal, South of
France, Islands of the Archipelago, Barbary, Arabia, and the
Cape of Good Hope. Heliotropium supinum, Lin. spec. 187.
Lehm. asper. p. 48. Gouan. hort. raonsp. p. 17. t. 1. Desf.
fl. all. 1. p. 152. Sibth et Smith, fl. graac. t. 157. Lapeyr.
abr. suppl. 27. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2706. Thunb. fl. cap. prod.
p. 23. Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. I. p. 167. Heliotropium
humifiisura, flore minore, &c. Tourn. cor. p. 7. voy. 1. p. 342.
t. 23.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 31. f. 10. Stems many from
the same root, hairy, canescent. Calycine teeth linear. Corolla
with a yellow tube, length of the calyx, and a short white
limb ; segments of the limb reniform, intersected by teeth, which
hardly close the throat. Carpels scabrous, solitary, the other 3
being abortive.
Trailing Piptoclaina. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. PI,
trailing.
Cult. This species of the genus being annuals, the seeds only
require to be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and about tho end of
May the plants should be planted out in the open border,
in a sheltered situation.
XXXVII. TIARI'DIUM (from napa, tiara, a Persian dia-
dem; and uCoQ, eidos, like; in reference to the form of the
capsule.) Lehm. asper. p. 13. Blum, bijdr. 845. — Heliotro-
pium species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, or 5-
parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube angular ; throat coarc-
tate, 5-rayed ; segments of the limb undulated. Style very
short. Stigma capitate. Carpels 4, 2-celled, mitre-formed, acu-
minated, cohering, closed at the base, w-ithout any manifest
receptacle. — Plant with the habit oi Heliotropium.
1 T. I'ndicum (Lehm. asper. p. 14. Blum, bijdr. p. 846.)
stem herbaceous, erect, hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated,
hairy at the base ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx.
O. H. Native of both Indies and North America, in rather
dry places. Heliotropium rndicum, Lin. spec. 187. Swartz.
obs. p. 54. Willd. spec. 1. p. 740. Willd. enum. l.p. 174.
Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 130. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 172.
Michx. fl. bnr. amer. 1. p. 129. Sims hot. mag. t. J 837.
Heliotropium cordifolium, Moench. meth. p. 415. — Sabb. hort.
rom. 2. t. 31. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 28. f. 1. — Plukn. phyt.
245. f. 4. Plant scabrous. Stem branched. Leaves running
into the petioles at the base, 3 inches long, and 2 broad, sub-
serrate. Spikes terminal, solitary, hairy, reflexed at first.
Calycine segments rather unequal. Corolla with a white tube,
a cream-coloured throat, and a lilac or bluish limb. In spon-
taneous specimens of this plant the leaves are nearly opposite,
and the spikes terminal ; but in cultivated specimens the leaves
are often alternate, and the spikes conjugate. " Nuts 2-
celled," ex Cham, in Linnsea.
Indian T\anAmm. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
2 T. anisophy'llum ; stem branched, hardly villous ; leaves
petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, nearly entire, opposite, or
alternate, unequal at the base ; spikes solitary, terminal, and
axillary. 0. H. Native of Guinea, on the gold coast. Helio-
tropium anisopliyllum, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. t. 94. Flowers white.
Unequal-leaved Tiaridium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 foot.
3 T. VELUTiNUM (Lehm. asper. p. 15. Blum, bijdr. 846.)
stem erect, herbaceous, villous ; branches decumbent ; leaves
ovate, bluntish, undulated, canescent on both surfaces, velvety ;
tube of corolla a little longer than the calyx, villous outside.
©. H. Native of the East Indies. In Java this and T. I'ndi-
cum are called Bunta-tikus. Bena-patsja, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 95.
t. 48 ?. Leaves oppos te, petiolate, obsoletely crenulated on
the margins, hoary from tomentum while young, running ob-
liquely into the petioles at the base. Spikes lateral aad terminal,
pilose, solitary, revolute before florescence.
7 e/ye^y Tiaridium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
4 T. elonga^tum (Lehm. asper. p. 18.) stem sufliruticose,
decumbent ; leaves rhomb-lanceolate, acuminated, hairy ; tube
of corolla thrice as long as the calyx, hairy outside. It . G.
Native of Brazil, in sandy places. Heliotropium elongatum,
Willd. herb. no. 3228. Stem woody at the base, herbaceous
and hairy at top. Leaves tapering into the petioles at the base,
obsoletely crenulated. Spikes lateral and terminal, solitary,
very long, pedunculate at first, revolute. Calycine segments
incurved. Carpels 1-celled, ex Cham, in Linnaea, 4. p. 452.
Elongated-s]}\keA Tiaridium. Shrub decumbent.
5 T. heliotropioi'des (Cham, in Linnaea, 4. p. 453.) shrubby,
beset with adpressed pili ; leaves nearly opposite and attenuate,
broad, lanceolate, acute at both ends, strigose above, downy be-
neath ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx. T; . G. Native of
the South of Brazil, Sello. Heliotropium tiaridioides, Cham,
in Linnaea, 4. p. 453. Leaves 2^ to 4 inches long, and 1 to l^-
broad. Spikes twin at first, terminal, bractless. Calycine seg-
ments narrow, acute. Corolla downy outside. Stigma conical.
Fruit divisible into two 2-celled parts.
Heliotrope-like Tiaridium. Shrub 1| foot.
BORAGINEiE. XXXVIII. Coldenia. XXXIX. Halgania. XL. Puesl.ea. XLI. Euploca. XLII. Tournefortia. 3G5
6 T. monosta'chyum (Cl>am. in Linneea, -i. p. 455. under
Heliotiopium) ; this species is very nearly allied to T. lieliotro-
pioidcs, but differs in the spikes being simple and solitary, never
twin ; and in the leaves not being so opposite ; stem dichoto-
mous ; strigffi adpressed. T; . S. Native of tropical Brazil.
Leaves with the petioles, 4-i| inches long, and 1 5 lines broad.
Spikes half a foot long.
Oiie-spikcd Tiaridium. Shrub ^ to 1^ foot.
Cult. The three first species being annuals, the seeds of them
should be sown on a hot-bed early in spring ; and the pla)Us
may be planted out in the open border, in a warm, dry, shel-
tered situation, about the middle of May. The rest should be
treated in the manner recommended for the shrubby species of
Heliotropium.
XXXVIII. COLDE^NIA (named by Linnjeus in honour of
Conwallades Colden, a North American botanist, who disco-
vered many new plants ; these are published in the Upsal Acts
for 1713.) Lin. gen. no. 173. Schreb. gen. no. 233. Juss.
gen. 130. edit. Usteri, p. 145. Lam. ill. no. 248. t. 89. Gacrtn.
fruct. 1. no. 424. t. 68. f. 3. Lehm. asper. p. 7. — Tiquilia,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 57.
LlN. sYST. Pentdndria, Monogyn'm. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; throat wide, naked ; limb flat ; segments
equal. Style bifid at apex. Carpels 4, 1 -celled, convex out-
side, coherent, closed at the base, beaked, witliout any manifest
receptacle. — Prostrate plants, with alternate leaves, and axillary
flowers.
1 C procd'mbens (Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 69. spec. p. 182.) leaves
cuneiform, petiolate, having one of the sides shorter than the
other, coarsely serrated, plicate ; flowers axillary, usually soli-
tary ; carpels wrinkled. O- S. Native of the East Indies.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 712. Lehm. asper. p. 8. Lam. ill. t. 89. —
Plukn. aim. t. 64. f. 6. Stem villous. Leaves | to 1 inch
long, beset with adpressed hairs above, except in the plicae, vil-
lous beneath. Flowers supra-axillary, sessile, white.
Procumbent Coldenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1699. PI. pro-
cumbent.
2 C. DICHOTOMA (Lehm. asper. p. 9.) leaves lanceolate, attenu-
ated at the base, lined, hoary; flowers crowded; carpels smooth.
Ij . S. Native of Peru, in sandy places about Lima. Lithos-
permum dichotomum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 5. t. 3. f. c.
Tiquilia dichotoma, Pers. ench. 1. p. 157. Plant hispid, hoary.
Stems dichotomous, geniculate, hispid at top. Leaves rather
plicate, pilose, with reflexed, subrepand margins. Flowers ses-
sile, axillary, violaceous ; segments of the limb emarginate.
Dichotomous Coldenia. Shrub procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tiaridium above.
XXXIX. HALGA'NIA (named by Gaudichaud after Admi-
ral Halgan, of the French navy.) Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot.
p. 448. t. 5d.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, regular.
Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short ; segments spreading, obtuse.
Stamens inclosed ; anthers erect, fixed by the base, where they
are cordate and cohering, drawn out each into a linear appen-
dage at apex. Style longer than the stamens ; stigma simple,
obtuse. Fruit obliquely and tetragonally ovate, coriaceous, bi-
partible ; divisions 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; premature seeds
linear-reniform, suspended towards the middle of the inner
parietes of the cell. — A branched, pilose shrub. Branches scat-
tered. Leaves scattered, lanceolate, cuneated, a little toothed,
3-lobed at apex, and sometimes entire. Corymbs terminal,
bractless. Flowers blue.
1 H. littora'lis (Gaud. 1. c. p. 449.) Vi . G. Native of
New Holland, on the western coast, along the shore in Shark's
Bay.
Sea-shore Halgania. Siirub.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Heliotihpium, p. 364.
XL. PRESLiE^A (named after J. and C. B. Piesl, of
Prague, brothers, experienced naturalists.) Mart. bras. 2. p.
75. t. 164.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; limb 5-cleft, with a plica between each of
the segments, which are falcate and bent inwards ; throat fur-
nished with 5 fascicles of pili just above the connivent anthers.
Anthers appendicidate at the base. Style from the top of the
ovarium ; stigma from a conical disk. Fruit dry, divisible into
4 1 -seeded parts or carpels. — A branched diffuse herb, with the
habit of Lilhospermmn orientdle, clothed with simple hairs.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate. Flowers axillary, solitary, on short
pedicels. Corollas yellow. Perhaps Lithospermum Orientale is
a species of Preslce'a.
1 P. PARADOXA (Mart. 1. c. p. 76.) stem much branched, dif-
fuse, hoary and hispid ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute. 1/ .
G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, on the sandy
banks of the river St. Francisco, near Joazeiro. Ovarium
ovate. Carpels perforated at the base, fixed to the central
column ? cohering.
Paradoxical Preslsea. PL diffuse.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Heliotropium, p. 364.
XLI. EU'PLOCA (from ev, eu, well ; and ttXe/cw, piece, to
fold ; hi reference to the peculiar character of the corolla.)
Nutt. in amer. pliil. trans, n. s. 5. p. 189.
Lin. SYST. Pentdndria, Mvnogijnia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; limb flat, plicate, 5-angled ; throat naked.
Genitals inclosed. Stigma annular, bearded at apex. Carpels 4,
approximate, by pairs, angular, imperforated at the base, oblique,
fixed to the calyx. — Herbaceous. Leaves rough, alternate.
Flowers scattered, with a plicate limb, as in Convolvuldceie.
Said by Nuttall to be allied to Messerschmidtia and Argiizia,
but the fruit is diffiirent.
1 E. convolvulVcea (Nutt. 1. c. p. 190.) ©. H. Native
of North America, on the sandy banks of the Arkansas. Stem
angular, 4-6 inches high. Leaves scabrous from adpressed
hairs : lower ones alternate. Flowers lateral, approximating,
and nearly sessile. Corolla rough, pilose outside, size of those
of QudmocUt vulgaris. Perhaps this plant ought to be united
with Tournefortia Argiizia of Siberia.
Convolvulaceous-Rowered Euploca. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tiaridium above.
XLII. TOURNEFO'RTIA (so named by Linnaeus in me-
mory of Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, the famous author of an
elegant arrangement of plants, under the title of" Institutiones
Rei Herbaria;," 1694, 8vo. and 1700, in 3 vols. 4to. with
figures of all the genera then known ; also author of " Corolla-
rium Inst." &c. 1793 ; " Catalogue of the Plants about Paris,"
1698; "Relation d' un Voyage du Levant," 1717, Src. The
first-mentioned work is the foundation of the arrangement now
followed, called the Jussieuan, or Natural System.) Lin. gen.
no. 192. Schreb. gen. no. 253. Gaertn. fruct, 1. p. 365. t. 76.
Juss. gen. 129. R. Br. prod. 496. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
366
BORAGINE/E. XLII. Tournefortia.
amer. 3. p. 78. — Messeischmidtia species, Lin. — Pittonia, Plum,
gen. 5. icon. 227. f. 2.
LiN. SYST. Penl&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla salver-shaped, or somewhat rotate, with a naked throat.
Stamens inclosed. Stigma peltate, somewhat conical. Berry
containing 2 nuts; nuts 2-seeded. — Twining, scandent, or erect
shrubs. Leaves scabrous or tomentose, scattered, rarely by
threes, petiolate. Peduncles usually terminal, rarely axillary or
lateral, generally bearing many spikes, which are usually cy-
mose. Spikes secund, revolute at top, bractless. Embryo in-
verted.
Sect. L Pittonia (see genus for derivatior). H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 80. Limb of corolla plicately 5-cleft.
Berry more or less globose, containing 2, 3-celled, 2-seeded
nuts.
* Species natives of America.
1 T. cYMosA (Lin. spec. 202.) branches compressed, angu-
lar, glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated at apex, and attenuated
at the base, naked, glabrous ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
glabrous ; spikes cymose. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Jacq.
coll. 1. p. 96. icon. rar. t. 31. Svvartz, obs. p. 57. — Sloane,
jam. hist. 2. p. 109. t. 212. f. 2. T. macrophylla. Lam. ill. p.
41(). no. 1874. Poir. diet. 5. p. 356. Pers. ench. 1. p. 165.
Leaves 6 inches long, and 1-2 broad, veiny. Spikes long, pen-
dulous. Calycine segments narrow, acute. Corolla flesh-co-
loured, or pale red, short, rusty or greenish-white. Berries
white.
Cymo^e-flowered Tournefortia. Fl. July. Clt. 1777. Shrub
8 to 10 feet.
2 T. FCETiDi'ssiMA (Lin. spec. 201. hort. cliff, p. 48.) branches
angular, hairy ? leaves ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles axillary and
terminal ; spikes pendulous, cymose. I; . S. Native of Mexico,
Jamaica, and other West India Islands. Willd. spec. 1. p. 792.
T. cymosa, var. ft, Poir. diet. 5. p. 336. Pittonia racemosa,
nicotianae foliis foetidissimis, Plum. gen. 5. icon. 220. — Plukn.
aim. 182. Leaves 5 inches long and 2 broad, hairy on the
under side, fetid when bruised. Peduncles bearing 2-3-4, or
5 pendulous spikes. Flowers dirty white, crowded. It differs
principally from T. cymosa in the leaves being hairy or villous
beneath.
Very fetid Tournefortia. Fl. July. Clt. 1739. Shrub 10
to 12 feet.
3 T. Bi'coLOR (Swartz, prod. p. 10. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 344.)
branches glabrous, compressed, rather angular; leaves ovate,
acuminated, glabrous, veiny, wrinkled above ; peduncles termi-
nal, glabrous ; spikes erect, cymose. T; . S. Native of Ja-
maica, Martinico, and Guadaloupe. Willd. spec. 1. p. 793.
T. laevigata. Lam. ill. no. 1875. ? Poir. diet. 5. p. 357.
Leaves rarely rather hairy above, smooth and pale beneath, 3-4
inches long. Flowers dirty white, or greenish white, crowded ;
tube of corolla hairy.
Tiro-coloured-\ea.yedL Tournefortia. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
4 T. undula'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 25. t. 149. f. b.)
branches angular, douny ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, lined, wrin-
kled, rather downy, undulated ; peduncles dichotomously corym-
bose, lateral and terminal ; spikes short, numerous, recurved.
I7 . S. Native of Peru, on hills in the province of Cumana.
Shrub rather downy. Corolla white, downy outside. Berry
white. Nuts cornute at the base.
UndulatedAesMed Tournefortia. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
5 T. ANGUSTIFLORA (Ruiz. ct Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 25.) gla-
brous ; branches angular ; leaves ovate, unequal at the base,
with an oblique acumen ; peduncles bifurcate, terminal and ax-
illary, therefore the spikes are conjugate ; flowers somewhat pe-
dicellate ; corollas narrow. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in woods.
Spikes 2 inches long, hardly recurved. Calyx small. Corolla
white, very long, rather downy outside ; tube swollen at the
base ; limb spreading, reflexed. Stigma nearly sessile. An-
thers linear. Berry white, globose, 2-seeded. Perhaps a spe-
cies o( Messersc/imkltia.
Narroiv-flonered Tournefortia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
6 T. virga'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 25. t. 50. f. a.)
stems terete, and are, as well as the branches, which are angu-
lar, hispid ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, hardly petiolate,
hispid; peduncles terminal, subdichotomous, cymose; spikes
few ; flowers crowded. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in woods.
Branches attenuated. Leaves alternate, or 3 in a whorl, rather
wrinkled. Corolla white.
Twiggy Tournefortia. Shrub.
7 T. macula'ta (Jacq. amer. p. 47. Lam. ill. no. 416.
Poir. diet. 5. p. 357.) glabrous; branches twiggy, rather an-
gular ; leaves ovate, acuminated, petiolate ; peduncles of many
spikes ; spikes pendulous ; flowers k\v, in a single row. ^ . S.
Native of Carthagena, among bushes, and in hedges. Leaves 4
inches long, and 2 broad. Spikes short. Corolla yellow, with
a long slender tube, and acute segments, ex Poir. Fruit yel-
low, with 4 roundish dark spots at the base.
Sjiottcd-fruhed Tournefortia. Shrub.
8 T. Caraccasa'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
80.) branches terete, hairy when young, angular ; leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, narrowed at the base, strigose above, and
clothed with hair-like, canescent tomentum beneath ; peduncles
lateral, dichotomously multifid, usually bearing 8 spikes ; calyx
strigosely downy, 4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
fj . S. Native near the town of Caraccas, on the banks of the
river Anauco. T. acutifolia, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 540. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2 broad. Pedun-
cles downy. Spikes diffuse. Segments of calyx ovate, acute.
Corolla with a green, downy, angular tube, and a white, blunt
limb. Stigma sessile.
Caraccas Tournefortia. Shrub.
9 T. FULiGiNOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. SI. t. 203.)
branches compressedly tetragonal, clothed with rusty tomentum ;
leaves oblong, acute at both ends, wrinkled, hispid above, and
clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; peduncles lateral, dicho-
tomously multifid, of many spikes ; calyx clothed with rusty to-
mentum, much shorter than the tube of the corolla; corolla also
clothed with rusty tomentum ; drupes glabrous. H . S. Na-
tive near Cumana and Bordones. T. rugosa, Willd. rel. ex
Rceni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 540. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and
li to 2 broad. Peduncles clothed with rusty tomentum. Spikes
narrow, 4 inches long. Calycine segments ovate, acute. Limb
of corolla obtuse.
Sooty Tournefortia. Shrub.
10 T. suave'olens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 81.) branches
angular, hispid ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute at both ends, beset
with adpressed hairs above, and soft hair-like tomentum be-
neath ; peduncles terminal, somewhat dichotomously multifid, of
many spikes; calyx, peduncles, and petioles hispid; calyx a little
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Tj . S. Native of Peru.
Leaves canescent beneath, 3 inches long, and Ij inch broad.
Spikes numerous, corymbose, short. Calycine segments linear.
Corolla beset with adpressed hairs outside ; lobes ovate, acute.
Fruit not seen.
Sweet-scented-Rowered. Tournefortia. Shrub.
11 T. Loxe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches terete.
BORAGINE^. XLII. Tournefortia.
367
hairy ; leaves ovate, acuminated, narrow at the base, strigose
above, but clothed with fine tomentum beneatli ; peduncles ter-
minal and lateral, dichotomous, of many spikes ; calyx and pe-
duncles clothed with hoary tomentum ; calyx one half shorter
than the tube of the corolla ; drupes glabrous. h . S. Native
of Quito, in woody places between Alto de Pulia and Loxa, at
the elevation of 1100 hexapods. Shrub with a very grateful
scent. Leaves 3 inches long. Spikes linear. Flowers crowd-
ed, about the size of those of Heliotrdpium Pcnivianiim. Caly-
cine segments ovate-oblong, acute. Corolla while, clothed with
hispid tomentum outside ; lobes roundish, curled. Berry 3-
celled, 3-seeded.
Loxa Tournefortia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
12 T. cane'scens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 82. Willd. mss.
ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 540.) branches nearly terete
when young, angular and villous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi-
nated, angular at the base, nearly sessile, strigosely villous above,
but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles terminal,
dichotomously multifid, of many spikes, clothed with hoary villi;
calyx hispid ; drupes glabrous. Ij . S. Native near Cumana.
Corolla unknown. Berry nearly globose, 4-celled ; cells 1-
seeded. This and the preceding species are very nearly allied
to T. poiystfichija, Ruiz, et Pav., both of which are probably
species of Messerschmidtia.
Canesccnt Tournefortia. Shrub.
13 T. Hi'spiDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 82.) branches rather
angular, hispid ; leaves ovate, acuminated, narrowed at the base,
hispid on both surfaces, but canescent beneath ; peduncles ter-
minal, hispid, dichotomously multifid, usually of 10 spikes;
calyxes hispid, much shorter than the corolla. ^ . S. Native
on the shady banks of the river Magdalena, near Teneriffe.
Leaves 3| inches long, and 2 broad. Spikes thick. Flowers
approximate. Calycine segments roundish, obtuse. Corolla
strigose outside ; lobes obtuse. Fruit unknown.
Hispid Tournefortia. Shrub.
14 T. sca'brida (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 83.) branches
terete, even, clothed with adpressed hairs ; leaves oblong-
elliptic, acute at both ends, scabrous above from strigEe, canes-
cent and hairy beneath, as well as the peduncles, which are ter-
minal, dichotomous, of about 6 spikes ; calyxes and drupes stri-
gosely pilose. Ij . S. Native on the shady banks of the river
Magdalena, near Teneriffe. Leaves stiff, buUated above, 3|
inches long, and 20-21 lines broad.
Scabrous Tournefortia. Shrub.
15 T. cuspida'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 83.) branches
terete, hairy ; leaves oblong, acuminately cuspidate, acute at the
base, pilose on both surfaces, hairy on the veins beneath ; pe-
duncles terminal, dichotomously multifid, of many spikes, hairy.
1?. S. Native of Guayaquil, on the sea shore. Leaves 6g
inches long, silky and rusty while young.
Cuspidale-leaved Tournefortia. Shrub.
16 T. l^viga'ta (Lam. ill. p. 419. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 83.) branches rather angular, and rather sca-
brous ; leaves ovate-elliptic, short-acuminated, rounded at the
base, coriaceous, glabrous; peduncles terminal, ])aniculately mul-
tifid, of many spikes, beset with scattered hairs ; calyxes downy ;
drupes glabrous. I; . S. Native of Guadaloupc, Martinico,
and on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Monpox. F. la-
tifolia, Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 540. Leaves
5-G inches long, and 3 broad. Spikes 10-12 on each peduncle,
an inch long, diffuse.
Smooth Tournefortia. Shrub.
17 T. ni'tida (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 84.) branches angu-
lar, smooth, glabrous ; leaves somewhat elliptic, acuminated,
acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; corymbs
terminal, sessile, of many spikes ; calyx puberulous ; drupes
glabrous. Ij . ^. S. Native on the western declivities of the
Andes of Quindiu, near Carthage, at the altitude of 500 hexa-
pods. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2 broad.
A'i^irf-leaved Tournefortia. Shrub twining.
18 T. coRNiFoLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 84.) branches
nearly terete, striated, beset with hairs ; leaves obovate-oblong,
acute, narrowed at the base, stiff, rather scabrous on both sur-
faces ; peduncles terminal and lateral, bifid, smoothish, with
generally about 6 spikes ; calyxes rather scabrous ; drupes gla-
brous. Ij . S. Native along with the preceding. Leaves about
3 inches long, and 1 broad.
Dogwood-leaved Tournefortia. Shrub.
19 T. Lu'ciDA (Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. p. 24.) branches
twiggy, clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves ovate, acute, quite
entire, shining above, and nearly glabrous beneath ; flowers ra-
cemose, lateral, opposite the leaves. Tj . S. Native of the
Antilles.
(S'/iming'-leaved Tournefortia. Shrub.
20 T. TERNiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches terete,
beset with adpressed hairs ; leaves 3 in a whoi'l, oblong, nar-
rowed at both ends, acute, membranous, glabrous ; spikes ter-
minal, twin. I; . S. Native on the banks of the river Ama-
zon, near Tomependa, and Jaen de Bracamoros. Leaves about
7 inches long, and 2^ broad, sometimes beset with adpressed
hairs on the nerves beneath. Spikes about an inch long.
Flowers pedicellate. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate. Co-
rolla strigose outside, 3 times as long as the calyx.
Tern-leaved Tournefortia. Shrub.
21 T. leucopiiy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 85.) branches
terete, clothed with fuscescent tomentum ; leaves oblong-ellip-
tic, acuminated, rounded at the base, glabrous above, and shin-
ing, but clothed with fine white tomentum beneath ; peduncles
terminal, dichotomously multifid, of many spikes, clothed with
pale rusty tomentum ; calyxes clothed with rusty tomentum.
tj . S. Native of New Granada, near Ibague. Leaves rather
membranous, 4 inches long, and nearly 2 broad. Spikes 7-8 on
each peduncle, g^ to 1 inch long.
IV kite -leaved Tournefortia. Shrub.
22 T. Brasii.ie'nsis (Poir. diet. 5. p. 357.) branches terete,
fuscescent, striated, with a few hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
subsinuated, rough on both surfaces, white beneath ; cymes
short, reflexed, downy. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves 2-3
inches long, and 1 broad. Calycine segments acute, a little re-
curved, villous.
Brazil Tournefortia. Shrub.
23 T. suFFRUTicosA (Lin. spec. p. 202.) stem suffruticose;
branches downy, cinereous, twiggy ; leaves sub-lanceolate,
hoary beneath ; spikes short, terminal and axillary, cymose. Ij .
S. Native of Jamaica, and tropical America, near the sea.
Browne, jam. p. 170. Lam. ill. no. 1880. t. 95. f. 3. — Sloane,
hist. 2. p. 29. t. 162. f 4. Leaves 2 inches long, and 1 broad,
dark green above, sessile. Corollas white, twice as long as the
calyx.
Suffruticose Tournefortia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
24 T. SCABRA (Lam. ill. no. 1883. Poir. diet. 5. p. 359.)
branches elongated, striated, rather downy ; leaves oblong or
linear-lanceolate, obtuse, reflexed, very scabrous, denticulated ;
peduncles branched, terminal, scabrous, as well as the calyxes ;
berry conical. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaves 1-2
inches long, and 4 lines broad, villous and wrinkled beneath.
Teeth of calyx acute, spreading. Berry rufescent.
Var. j3 ; leaves narrower, and very long. 1; . S. Native of
St. Domingo. Leaves acute, green, acuminated, twice as long
368
BORAGINE.E. XLII. Tournefortia.
as those of the species. Perhaps a proper species, ex Poir.
1. c.
Scabrous Tournefortia. Shrub.
25 T. microphy'lla (Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. p. 24.)
stem erect, mutic, branched, quite glabrous ; leaves small,
ovate, obtuse, quite entire, almost glabrous ; flowers spicate,
sub-bifid. I; . S. Native of the Antilles.
Small-leaved Tournefortia. Shrub.
26 T. sEssiLiFOLiA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 3G0.) stems terete, beset
with stiff" hairs ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, linear, villous on both
surfaces ; flowers crowded, terminal, fj . G. Native of Buenos
Ayres, Commerson. Leaves obtuse, half stem-clasping at the
base, an inch and more long, and 3 lines broad. Peduncles
divided into 2 branches, having the flowers densely glomerate
on the top of each branch. Corolla tubular ; liml) short, dilated,
obtuse. Peduncles and calyxes beset with numerous glandular
pili.
Sessile-leaved Tournefortia, Shrub.
27 T. inca'na ; hoary, villous ; stems herbaceous ; leaves
sessile, linear, with revolute edges. 1/ . S. Native about Esse-
quibo. Messerschmidtia incana, Meyer, csseq. p. 92. Stems
angular, woody, and rather naked at the base ; branches simple,
spreading; corymbs racemose, terminal, having the branches
twice bifid. Corolla hairy, coloured, funnel-shaped ; throat
naked. Berry corky, containing 2, 2-seeded pyrenae. Said by
Meyer to be the same as the preceding.
Hoary Tournefortia. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
28 T. ? ferrugi'nea (Lam. ill. no. 1882.) branches terete,
striated, climbing a little, beset with numerous, stifle, straight,
rust-coloured hairs while young, as well as the petioles and
nerves of leaves ; leaves subcordate, acute, villous beneath ; pe-
duncles much branched, villous ; spikes short ; calyx villous,
scabrous. V^ . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaves sca-
brous above, a little ciliated, deep green, 2-3 inches long, and 1
broad. Corolla short, tubular. Said to be very nearly allied
to T. voluhilis, but is less sarmentose.
Rusty Tournefortia. Shrub climbing.
29 T. Schiedea'na ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated,
attenuated at the base, glabrous ; peduncles 3-4 times dichoto-
mous, puberulous, as well as the calyxes; tube of corolla 4
times as long as the calyx ; fruit not seen. f^ . G. Native of
Mexico, in the woods of Jalapa. Tourn. spec. nov. Cham, in
Linnaea, 8. p. 514.
Schiede's Tournefortia. Shrub.
30 T. ? TOMENTOSA (Mill. diet. no. 4.) stems twining ;
branches flexile ; leaves cordate, tomentose beneath ; spikes
short, racemose. Tj . ^. S. Native of South America, near
Carthagcna. Leaves 2 inches long, and 15 lines broad, on very
short petioles. Flowers small, dirty white. Berry 2-3-4-seed-
ed. Pittonia sciindens racemosa, foliis subrotundis, subtus in-
canis. Plum. Perhaps a species of Messerschmidtia.
2'omcntose Tournefortia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet, twining.
31 T. ? CARNOSA (Mill. diet. no. 6.) leaves ovate, wrinkled,
petiolate ; spikes racemose, axillary. V^ . S. Native about
Carthagena. Pittonia frutescens, folio carnoso hirsuto et obtiiso.
Plum. gen. p. 5. ? Stem and branches strong; branches pale
brown. Leaves thick, 4 inches long, and 3 broad, scabrous,
dark green, paler beneath. Flowers small, white. Berry con-
taining 2-3 oblong nuts. Perhaps a species of Misser-
schmidtia.
FlesliT/Aeaved Tournefortia. Tree 20 feet.
* * Sj)ecies natives of the East Indies, New Holland, and Isle
of France.
32 T. muta'bilis (Vent, choix. t. 3.) branches roiighish.
densely tomentose towards the tops ; leaves ovate, lanceolate,
scabrous, downy ; cymes terminal, narrow, dichotomous, downy
as well as the calyxes ; lobes of corolla crenulated. >j . S.
Native of Java, Lahaye. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2 broad.
Peduncles terminal, solitary, bifurcate. Calycine segments lan-
ceolate, acute. Corolla greenish white, with a cylindrical tube,
and obtuse limb. Berry white, containing a nut which is divided
into 2, 1-seeded cells.
Changeable Tournefortia. Shrub.
33 T. SARMENTOSA (Lam. ill. no. 1877. Poir. diet. 5. p.
835.) branches terete, striated, beset with adpressed, white
hairs ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, villous, white beneath ;
spikes branched, very short. ^ ■ ^. S. Native of the Isle
of France, Sonnerat. Leaves nearly glabrous above, but white
and villous beneath, 2-3 inches long, and 1 broad. Flowers
terminal, hairy. Calycine segments acute.
Sarmentose Tournefortia. Shrub climbing.
34 T. arbore'scens (Lam. ill. no. 1878. Poir. diet. 5. p.
357.) branches angular, rough, or hispid ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, attenuated at both ends, scabrous, but rather tomentose be-
neath while young ; peduncles rough, white ; spikes branched,
very short. 1^ . S. Native of India, Sonnerat. Leaves 4-5
inches long, and 1| broad; petioles rather villous. Calyx
divided nearly to the base, into broad, acute, firm, permanent
segments. Corolla tubular, with obtuse segments.
Arborescent Tournefortia. Tree.
35 T. arge'ntea (Lin. suppl. p. 133. R. Br. prod. p. 497.
Blum, bijdr. 844.) erect, clothed with velvety, silky tomentum ;
leaves ovate, approximate at the tops of the branches : ultimate
ones obovate ; cymes decompound ; corolla campanulately ro-
tate ; stigma sessile, semi-bifid. I; . S. Native of Ceylon,
Java, &c., on the sea shore ; Island of Carnicobar ; Isle of
France, and New Holland, within the tropic. Wall. fl. ind. 2.
p. 4. Buglossum lanuginosum, Rumph. amb. 4. p. 119. t. 55.
Branches spreading, hairy. Leaves crowded in a rosulate man-
ner at the tops of the branches, in the same way as those of
Semperviviim Canariense and its allies, sessile, white on both
surfaces from silky hairs. Flowers white, with a short tube and
a recurved limb. This is the prettiest species of the genus.
Silvery Tournefortia. Fl. June, Nov. CIt. 1822. Shrub 5
to G feet.
36 T. BIFIDA (Lam. ill. no. 417. Poir. diet. 5. p. 360.)
leaves ovate, glabrous, petiolate ; peduncles axillary, bifid ;
spikes divaricate. I? . S. Native of the Isle of France, Com-
merson. Bark cinereous, wrinkled. Leaves coriaceous, with
yellowish nerves. Peduncles bearing 2 horizontal spikes.
Calyx short, with 5 blunt teeth. Corolla tubular, elongated,
cream-coloured.
Bifid Tournefortia. Shrub.
37 T. Orienta'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 497.) twining ; leaves
broad, ovate, subacuminated ; cymes dichotomous ; limb of
corolla 5-cleft, with plicate sinuses ; nuts cellular. Ij . '~^. S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Eastcrii Tournefortia, Shrub twining.
38 T. tetra'ndra (Blum, bijdr. p. 843.) stem sarmentose,
scabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, gla-
brous above, but rather roughish beneath ; cymes terminal,
dichotomous, or multifid ; flowers fecund, sessile, tetrandrous ;
tube of corolla tetragonal ; stigma sessile, bifid. I; . ,^. S.
Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains, where it is
called Ojot Sisier.
Jar. ft, hirsuta (Blum. 1. c.) branches, leaves, and peduncles
hairy. T? . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Tetrandrous Tournefortia. Fl. Dec. Shrub rambling.
39 T. Urvilleana (Cham, et Schlecht, inLinnaa, 4. p. 465.)
BORAGINE^. XLII. Tournefortia.
369
twining ? branches angular, scabrous ; leaves ovate, acute, ob-
long-lanceolate, and obovate, equal, and rounded at the base, or
unequal and subcordate ; cymes bractless, many times dichoto-
nious ; limb of corolla S-cleft, with plicate sinuses. Jj . '^. S.
Native of the Island of Lu^nn. This species differs from
T. Orienlalis in the leaves being pilose or scabrous ; from
T. tetrdndra in the flowers being pentamerous ; and from
T. arhorescens, Link, in the leaves being shorter and broader,
and never tonientose beneath. Spikes or branches of cyme
elongated, pilose. Calycine segments ovate, acute. Drupes
glabrous.
D'Urville's Tournefortia. Shrub twining?
40 T. ova'ta (Wall. cat. no. 908.) branches striated, downy ;
leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminated, rather strigose; cymes termi-
nal, branched ; flowers on short pedicels, tubular, (j . S. Na-
tive of Rangoon. Very nearly allied to Heliotrbpium viridi-
Jlorum, Lehm. ; the T. viridtflbrum, Wall. ; and Lithospermum
vlridiflorum, Roxb.
Ovate-leaved Tournefortia. Shrub.
41 T. Heynea'na (Wall. cat. no. 910.) rather strigose, or
nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, acuminated ;
cymes axillary, on long peduncles ; flowers on short pedicels,
unilateral; corollas tubular. I; . S. Native of the East Indies.
Heyne's Tournefortia. Shrub.
Sect. II. Messersciimi'dti/e antiqu^e. The following spe-
cies have been formed by LinnEeus and others into a distinct
genus. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb swollen towards the top.
Berry round, depressed, girded by 5 prominent teeth in a circle,
divisible into 2, 2-seeded nuts.
42 T. FRUTicosA (R. Br. prod. p. 496. Roem. et Scluiltes,
syst. 4. p. 5.S9.) scabrous, branched, hairy ; leaves ovate, lan-
ceolate, petiolate ; calyx short. ^ . G. Native of Teneriffe,
in sterile places. Messerschmidtia fruticosa, Lin. syst. 190.
suppl. 132. Lher. stirp. 2. t. 1. Willd. spec. 1. p. 789.
Desf. arbr. 1. p. 175. Hairy in every part. Spikes cymose,
dichotomous, terminating the branches and stem. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped, or salver-shaped, with a flat limb, ex Lin. Corollas
white.
Shrubby Tournefortia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
5 to 6 feet.
43 T. ANGusTiEoLiA (R. Br. 1. c. RcEm. et Schultes, 1. c.)
stems nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, narrow-linear-lanceo-
late, glabrous ; spikes as in T. fruticosa. Tj . G. Native of
the Canary Islands. Messerschmidtia angustifolia. Lam. ill. no.
1872. Poir. suppl. 1. p. 449. Habit oCT. fruticdsa ; but dif-
fers in the stems being nearly glabrous. Leaves scabrous on
both surfaces. Flowers bluish.
Narrow-leaved Tournefortia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
44 T. TUBERCULOSA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p.
467.) herbaceous, erect, branched, very scabrous from striga
all over ; leaves lanceolate, sinuately undulated, acute, opaque,
attenuated into the short petioles ; cymes terminal, bifid, or
spikes twin; calyx small. It. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, at Gamka river, where it was collected by Mundt and
Maire. Stems angular, a little dilated towards the ramifica-
tions. Spikes filiform, few-flowered. Calycine segments ovate,
acute, callously ciliated. Corolla tubularly salver-shaped ; seg-
ments of the limb triangular, long-acuminated. Drupe nearly
dry, tubercled ; pyrenae tubercularly ecliinated on the back.
Habit of a species of C/ienopodium or A' triplex. It differs from
all other species in the tubercled fruit.
Tubercled-frmieA Tournefortia. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
45 T. Sibi'rica (Lin. spec. 202. act. petrop. 1763. p. 315. t.
VOL. IV.
11.) root creeping ; stems herbaceous, branched ; leaves sessile,
ovate-oblong, hoary from tomcntum ; corymbs or fascicles usu-
ally twin. '2^ . H. Native of Dahuria, and Tauria, in gravelly
places ; and of China, about Pekin, and from that to the northern
limits of the empire. Messerschmidtia Argi'izia, Lin. syst. p.
190. suppl. 132. mant. 42. 334. hort. ups. p. .36. Arguzia
monfana, Amm. ruth. 38. Corolla white, funnel-shaped, with a
naked throat. Calyx shorter than the tube of the corolla.
" Corollas larger than those of T. fruticosa, with a plicate limb,
and membranous sides," ex Lin.
Siberian ToumciotUa. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1780. PI. -> to
1 foot.
Sect. III. Heliotropioi'des. The species contained in this
section have been referred by authors to Heliotropium, from their
habit, but they have nothing peculiar in character.
46 T. GNAPHALioiDEs (R. Br. prod. p. 496.) frutescent ; the
whole plant white from tomentum ; leaves linear, obtuse ; pe-
duncles terminal ; spikes bifid or twin, short. Pj . S. Native
of Barbadoes, Jamaica, Grand Cayman Island, &c., by the sea
side. Heliotropium gnaphalioides, Lin. spec. 189. Jacq.
amer. p. 25. t. 173. f 11. pict. t. 264. f. 97.— Mor. hist. 3.
sect. 11. t. 28. f. 6.— Plukn. aim. 182. t. 193. f. 3. Shrub
erect. Leaves crowded at the tops of the branches. Spikes
secund, usually bifid. Corolla white, small.
Gntiphalium-U/ce Tournefortia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
47 T. microsta'chya (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 538.)
stems herbaceous, procumbent; leaves ovate-oblong, flat, downy,
hoary beneath ; lateral spikes nearly sessile : terminal ones pe-
dunculate, usually by fours, short. ©. H Native of Peru, in
arid places about Tarma. Heliotropium microst^chyum,
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 3. t. 110. f. b. Lehm.
asper. 40. Stems angular, downy. Calyx pilose, with lanceo-
late, acute, equal segments. Leaves petiolate. Corollas small,
white, Berry containing 2 2-celled, 2-seeded nuts, as in the
olher species.
Small-spiked Tournefortia. PI. procumbent.
48 T. synzystaVhya (Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 539.)
plant herbaceous, procumbent ; branches angularly furrowed ;
leaves opposite and alternate, ovate, wrinkled, pilose ; lateral
spikes solitary, very long : terminal ones twin, shorter. ©. S.
Native of Peru, in fields about Lima. Heliotropium synzysta-
chyum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 3. no. 6. t. 109. f. a. b. ?
Plant villous. Leaves petiolate. Spikes 2-3 inches long : ter-
minal ones 1-2 inches. Calycine segments linear, acute. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, white ; tube longer than the calyx, villous
inside above. Fruit as in the preceding species.
Trvin-spiked Tournefortia. PI. procumbent.
•f- Species hardly knorvn.
49 T. rufe'scens (Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 541.) leaves ovate-oblong, rugosely veined, clothed with
rufous tomentum beneath. Ij . S. Native of South America.
Humb. et Bonpl.
Rufescent Tournefortia. Shrub.
50 T. gla'bra (Aubl. guiana. 1. p. 118.) much branched,
glabrous ; berries white. tj . S. Plum. mss. t. 6. f. 53. ex
Vittm. summ. pi. 1. p. 402. ?
Glabrous Tournefortia. Shrub.
N.B. What are Tournefortia liicida, and T. angulosa, Desf.
tabl. de I'Ecole de bot. 1815. p. 85. ?
Cult. None of the species of Tournefortia are worth culti-
vating for ornament ; therefore the species are only to be seen
3 B
370
BORAGINEjE. XLIII. Messerschmidtia.
in botanical gardens. Tliey are of the most easy culture, and
are readily increased by cuttings under a liand-glass, in heat.
T. Sib'irica, being a rare, nearly hardy plant, should be grown
in a pot, and placed among other alpine plants.
XLIII. MESSERSCHMl'DTIA (in honour of Daniel Gott-
lieb Messerschmidt, a traveller in Siberia.) Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. li. and p. 5i\. — Tournefortia species of authors.
LiN. Syst. Pentandna, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped; throat naked, swollen; segments of the limb
usually subulate. Stigma conical. Berry 4-lobed, containing 4
1-seeded nuts, but often fewer by abortion. — Shrubs with the
habit of Tournefortia. This genus is principally distinguished
from Tournefortia by the berry containing 4 1-seeded nuts, in-
stead of 2 2-seeded nuts. Berries generally white.
§ 1. Segments of corolla linear-subulate. Berry i-lohed ; each
lobe containing a 1-celled, 1-seeded nut. Embryo arched,
with the cotyledons at the back of the cell, and the radicle
in the front. — Twining shrubs.
1 M. volu'bilis (Rceni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 841.) branches
strigose ; leaves ovate, acuminated, nearly glabrous ; petioles
and peduncles hairy ; cymes terminal ; spikes much branched ;
berries hairy ; segments of corolla subulate. >2 . '^. S. Native
of Jamaica, St. Thomas, and Mexico. Tournefortia voliibilis,
Lin. spec. p. 201. Willd. enum. 1. p. 188. Lam. ill. t. 95.
f. 2. Tourn. microphylla, Bert, in Spreng. syst. 1. p. 644. — •
Sloane, hist. 1. p. 234. t. 143. f. 2.— Plukn. aim. 389. t. 235.
f. 6. Branches weak, rufescent. Leaves an inch long, and
3-4 lines broad. Peduncles downy. Corollas greenish-
yellow.
Twining Messerschmidtia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739.
Shrub tw.
2 M. sca'ndens (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c. p. 542.) glabrous ;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, reflexed ; calyx campanulate,
5-toothed ; segments of corolla subulate. Tj . ^. S. Native of
Peru, in groves. Tournefortia scandens, Willd. enum. 1. p. 188.
Tournefortia voliibilis, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 24. t. 148.
Tourn. Peruviana, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 425. Flowers greenish-
yellow, or whitish, corymbosely dichotomous. Very nearly
allied to the preceding, but is 4 times the size in all its parts.
Climbing Messerschmidtia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816.
Shrub climbing.
3 M. panicula'ta; branches obsoletely angled, downy at top ;
leaves ovate, rounded at the base, acuminated and acute at the
apex, rather downy on both surfaces ; panicles terminal, large,
bractless, pyramidal, erect, decompound. I7 . S. Native of
tropical Brazd, Sello. Tournefortia paniculata, Cham, et
Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p. 468. This species differs from M.
sc&ndcns in its downiness; in tlie pyrenae being 1-seeded; and
in the ample panicle. Calyxes downy and cdiated, acute,
Pfl?!ic/erf-flowered Messerschmidtia. Shrub erect ?
4 M. subse'ssilis (Cham, in Linnaea, 8. p. 118. under Tour-
nefortia) branches obsoletely angular, or nearly terete ; leaves
on short petioles, roundish or long, ovate, subcordate, acutely
acuminated, glabrous and smooth above, and inconspicuously
strigose beneath, with reflexed edges ; panicles clothed with
rufescent, velvety striga;, composed of short, dense-flowered
spikes ; calyxes sessile, somewhat immersed in the dilated
rachis. !;■ . '^. ? S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Nearly allied to
M. pan'culata and 71/. sc^tndens. Branches strigose at top.
Calycine segments narrow, acute. Drupe glabrous ; one or
two of the pyrenae usually abortive.
Subsessile-^oviexeA Messerschmidtia. Shrub twining ?
5 M. sEui'cEA (Roem. et Schultes, I. c.) branches cinereous
from villi at top ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, clothed with silky
tomentum beneath ; spikes lateral and terminal, dichotomous,
panicled ; segments of corolla setaceous. ^ ■ ^. S. Native
of the Islands of Mont Serrat, St. Domingo and Jamaica.
Tournefortia sericea, Valil, eclog. 1. p. 17. Willd. spec. 1. p.
749. Tourn. incana, Lam., and Tourn. canescens, Willd. ex
herb. Balb. — Friitex Marcgr. hist. p. 78. Habit of M. volu-
bilis. Leaves li inch long, acute, glabrous above. Peduncles
villous. Corollas small, villous outside.
Silky Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing.
6 M. SYRiNGiEFOLiA (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) branches, peti-
oles, ribs of leaves on both surfaces, veins beneath, and pedun-
cles villous ; leaves subcordate-ovate, acuminated, glabrous, ex-
cept the nerves and veins ; peduncles terminal, many times
forked ; spikes downy ; segments of the corolla very narrow,
somewhat setaceous. ^ . S. Native of Cayenne. Tourne-
fortia syringaefolia, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 23. Willd. spec. 1. p.
792. Leaves 2 inches long, almost like those of Syringa vul-
garis. Corolla villous outside.
Lilac-leaved Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing ? or erect ?
7 M. psilosta'ciiya ; twining ; branches terete, glabrous,
but while young downy ; leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at
the base, strigose on both surfaces ; peduncles terminal, usually
of 5 spikes; calyx strigosely downy, one half shorter than the
tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla subulate. I; . '^. S.
Native on the shores of the Pacific, near the Port of Guayaquil.
Tournefortia psilostachya, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 78. Tourn. tristachya, Willd. herb. no. 3433. Leaves 2
or 2^ inches long, and 1 broad. Peduncles downy. Spikes
filiform, 1 to 1| inch long. Corolla downy outside, with an
inflated throat ; stigma subconical.
Naked-spiked Messerschmidtia. Shrub twining.
8 M. floribu'nda ; scandent ; branches terete, clothed with
hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at
the base, clothed with fine pubescence above, and hoary tomen-
tum beneath ; peduncles lateral, diehotomously multifid, of
many spikes ; calyx tomentose, one half shorter than the tube
of the corolla ; segments of the corolla linear-subulate : berries
glabrous. fj . ^. S. Native of New Andalusia, near Cumana
and Cumanacoa ; also of Brazil. Tournefortia floribimda, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 79. Willd. herb. no. 3434.
Peduncles tomentose, bearing 20-24 filiform spikes, which are
3-4 inches long. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nately subulate. Corolla downy outside.
Bundle-flowered Messerschmidtia. Clt. 1828. Shrub
climbing.
9 M.velutina; scandent, clothed with hoary tomentum all
over ; branches terete ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, round-
ed at the base, white beneath ; peduncles terminal, dichotomously
panicled, of many spikes ; calyx villous, twice shorter than the
tube of the corolla ; berries hispid. Ij . ^. S. Native of Mexico,
near Acapulco. Tournefortia velutina, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 79. t. 201. Leaves about 3 inches long, with
an obtuse acumen. Spikes about 10 on each peduncle, filiform,
about 3 inches long. This is a very elegant species.
Velvety Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing.
10 M. puncta'ta (Spreng. new entd. 3. p. 2.) stem scandent;
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, ciliated, beset with white
dots above, but smooth beneath ; spikes panicled, axillary,
dichotomous. ^ • ^- S. Native of Martinico. Tournefortia
punctata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 643. Tourn. scandens, Sieb.
mart. no. 63. Lobes of corolla unknown. Perhaps the same
as M. iisilostachya.
BORAGINEjE. XLIII. Messfrsciimidtia.
371
Dottcd-leaved Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing.
11 M. umbella'ta ; young branches angular, downy ; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed at the base, undulated, beset
with fine strigae on both surfaces ; peduncles terminal, of about
7 spikes ; spikes subumbellate ; calyxes downy, about equal in
length to the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla linear, re-
volute. ^2 • w S- Native of Mexico, near Cainpeachy, along
the shore. Tournefortia umbellata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen,
amer. 3. p. 79. Leaves 2-4: inches long. Peduncles downy.
Spikes linear, 2-3 inches long, spreading. Calycine segments
linear-lanceolate.
Umbellate-sp\ke(\ Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing.
12 M. LAURiFOLiA (Rosm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 543.)
twining, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute,
repand, glabrous ; petioles geniculated ; pedimcles terminal,
bifurcate ; spikes cymose ; calyx glabrous, twice shorter than
the tube of the corolla ; segments of the corolla ovate, elongated
at top, very acute. Tj . '"'. S. Native of Porto Rico, and the
Island of St. Thomas. Tournefortia laurifolia. Vent, choix, t.
a. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 425. Leaves deep green above, but
paler beneath, finely dotted, 4-6 inches long and 2 broad.
Flowers pale yellow. Calycine segments very acute. Hairs
on the corolla manifest. Berry glabrous, 4-furrowed.
ZoMreZ-iearerf Messerschmidtia. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. Shrub
twining.
13 M. Mille'ri (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 544.) twin-
ing ; leaves cordate, hairy ; spikes racemose, reflexed. ^ . '^.
S. Native of Jamaica. Tournefortia scandens. Mill. diet. no. 4.
Poir. diet. 5. p. 360. Pittonia scandens racemosa, flore fusco,
Houst. mss. Leaves rather thin, 3 inches long, and l^ broad,
acute, on short petioles. Spikes slender. Flowers dirty brown.
Berry small, fleshy, containing 4 1 -seeded nuts.
Miller's Messerschmidtia. Shrub twining.
14 M.e'legans; leaves petiolate, from ovate-elliptic to lan-
ceolate, attenuated at both ends, long-acuminated, downy from
short scattered hairs on both surfaces ; panicles terminal, with
cyniose branches ; lower cymes generally bifid ; the common
peduncles furnished with a leaf; limb of corolla 5-cleft, ex-
panded. ?j . S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Tournefortia ele-
gans, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p. 469. and 8. p. 118.
Branches obsoletely angular, downy at top. Calyx minute, with
narrow, acute, pilose, and erectly ciliated segments. Corolla
tubularly salver-shaped, downy outside, with a slender tube and
expanded segments, which are narrow-acute, from a broader
base ; having the sinuses intraplicate. Anthers a little exserted.
Drupe 4-sided, depressed ; pyrenae spheroid, chartaceous, 1-
seeded.
Elegant Messerschmidtia. Shrub.
15 M. PiLiocHRos ; stem scandent ; leaves lanceolate, petio-
late, rather villous above, and clothed wnth white wool beneath ;
spikes terminal, dichotomously panicled, divaricate ; fruit sca-
brous. ^ . ^. S. Native of Jamaica. Tournefortia piliochros,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 644. Flowers white ?
Yellow-haired Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing.
16 M. TOMENTosA ; Stem twining; leaves cordate, oblong,
■green above, and very soft, but clothed with white stellate to-
mentum beneath ; spikes short, dichotomous, divaricate, tomen-
tose. H."^. S. Native of America, about Carthagena. Tour-
nefortia tomentosa. Mill. diet. no. 4. Leaves 2 inches long.
Flowers small, dirty white ; lobes of corolla unknown. Berry
containing 2-3, but usually 4 nuts.
Tomentose Messerschmidtia. Shrub twining.
1 7 M. coRYMBosA ; Stem scandent ; leaves oblong, attenuated
at both ends, veiny, glabrous ; spikes paniculately corymbose,
coarctate, elongated, many-flowered ; tube of corolla elongated :
segments of the limb acuminated. Tj . ^. S. Native of tro-
pical America. Tournefortia corymbosa, Willd. rel. ex Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 540. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 644.
Corymbose Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing.
18 M. ferrugi'nea ; stem twining a little; leaves subcor-
date, ovate, acuminated, acute, entire, thickish, rather villous on
both surfaces, green above ; spikes terminal, branched, corym-
bose, clothed with rusty villi : branches short ; corolla short,
tubular: segments unknown. Ij . '^. S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Tournefortia ferruginea. Lam. ill. no. 1882. Branches
terete, striated, beset with rusty stiff hairs. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, and an inch broad. Peduncles much branched, villous ;
spikes short. Flowers unilateral. Calyx scabrous, villous.
Rusty Messerschmidtia. Shrub twining.
§ 2. Segments of the corolla short. Berry even, roundish, con-
taining 4 l-celled, 1 -seeded nuts. Einbryo straight, with a
superior radicle. Erect trees or shrubs.
19 M. HiRSUTi'ssiMA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 541.)
branches terete, hispid ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, nar-
row at the base, hispid above, strigosely pubescent beneath ;
peduncles terminal and axillary, dichotomous, of many spikes ;
calyx one half shorter than the tube of the corolla, and are, as
well as the berries, hispid ; limb of corolla plicate, having the
segments short, ovate, and acute. ^2 • S. Native of America,
especially near Cumana and Bordones ; and of the Island of St.
Thomas. Tournefortia hirsutissima, Svvartz, obs. p. 56. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 791. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 80.
lourn. corymbosa, Sieb. pi. trin. no. 439. Cordia pellita,
Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 800. Ehretia
cymosa, Willd. herb. no. 4529. Pittonia hirsutissima et ramo-
sissima, baccis albis. Plum. gen. 5. icon. 200. Heliotropii flore
frutex baccifer ramosus, folio rugoso foetido, &c. Sloane, jam.
173. hist. 2. p. 108. t. 212. f. 1. Leaves about 4 inches long.
Peduncles hispid. .Spikes linear, diffuse. " Berry 4-celled,
bipartible ; cells 1-seeded," ex Kunth, 1. c. " Ovate, contain-
ing 4 1-seeded nuts," ex R. Br. prod. p. 496. Embryo
straight, with a superior radicle.
Var. ft, minus (Lam. ill. no. 1873.) smaller, hairy; spikes
shorter. I; . S. Native of South America. Stems nearly
terete. Leaves pale green, nearly glabrous ; fruit roundish,
containing 4 oval-oblong nuts.
Fery hairy Messerschmidtia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818.
Tree 10 to 20 feet.
20 M. POLYSTACHYA (Roem. et .Schultes, syst. 4. p. 542.)
branches angular, compressed while young ; leaves ovate,
acute, wrinkled, hairy ; peduncles terminal and lateral, coryin-
bosely dichotomous, composed of loose spikes. fj . S. Native
of Peru. Tournefortia polystachya, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p.
24. t. 149. f. a. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 3 broad. Corollas
white ; tube green, exceeding the calyx. Berry white, contain-
ing 4 1-seeded nuts.
Many-spiked Messerschmidtia. Shrub.
21 M. LONGiFOLiA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 543.)
branches angular, channelled ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, oblique,
very veiny, with subrevolute edges ; peduncles corymbose, ter-
minal ; spikes few-flowered. >2 . S. Native of Peru, in woods.
Tournefortia longifolia, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per, 2. p. 25. t. 150. f.
b. Shrub glabrous, very like in habit a large species of Sym-
phytum. Leaves a foot long. Berry containing 4 trigonal
nuts.
Long-leaved Messerschmidtia. Shrub or tree.
372
BORAGINEiE. XLIII. Messerschmidtia. XLIV. Canada.
•j- Species doubtful or hardly known.
22 M. ? MONTANA (Lour. coch. p. 122. ed. Willd. 1. p. 150.
under Tournefortia) branches scandent, hairy ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, wrinkled, glabrous ; spikes nearly simple, recurved,
terminal. I; . ^. G. Native of Cochinchina, in mountain
woods. Leaves incurved, reflexed, on short petioles. Flowers
pedicellate. Corolla white ; tube urceolate at the base ; limb
acutely 5-cleft. Anthers and stigma sessile. Berry inversely
pear-shaped, 2-celled, 2-seeded, imperforated at top.
Mountain Messerschmidtia. Shrub climbing.
23 M. ? RosMARiNiFOLiA (Willd. herb, ex Rceni. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 844.) stem branched, herbaceous, hispid from villi ;
leaves sessile, linear, with revolute edges ; corollas funnel-
shaped. 1/ . F. Native of Siberia, Pallas. Lower leaves al-
ternate : superior ones opposite : uppermost ones aggregate,
pilose above, and clothed with white villi beneath. Cymes ter-
minal, few-flowered. Calyx one half shorter than the corolla ;
calycine segments acute, villous. Tube of corolla downy ; limb
5-parted, spreading. Fruit elliptic, globose, woody, striated,
tomentose, 2-celled.
Rosemary-leaved Messerschmidtia. PI. -J foot.
24 M. MINOR ; stem erect ; leaves lanceolate-linear, obtuse,
scabrous ; spikes bifid, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Ja-
maica. Tournefortia minilta, Bertero, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p.
644.
Smaller Messerschmidtia. Shrub small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tournefortia, p. 369.
XLIV. CAN A' LA (named in honour of Joseph Count Mala-
baila de Canal, Chamberlain, and one of the Privy Council to the
King of Bavaria, a promoter of botany.) Pohl, pi. bras. 2.
p. 62.
Lin. syst. Peniandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla tubularly ventricose, 5-toothed, constricted at the base into
a short tube. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate. Style in-
closed ; stigma capitate, warted. Nuts 2, combined, stony,
roundish. Seeds 4 in each cell. — Small shrubs. Leaves ovate
or oblong, opposite, entire. Spikes axillary and terminal,
unilateral, revolute at apex, bracteate. Flovs'ers beautiful
pure red or scarlet. The species have the habit of Sin-
gelia.
1 C. heliotropioi'des (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 63. t. 142.)
leaves ovate, beset with stellate hairs above, and yellowish
tomentum beneath; corolla 5-toothed ; calyx beset with stellate
hairs. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, in fields about Villa St. Joao d'el Rey. Flowers large,
scarlet.
Turnsole-like Canala. PI. 2 feet.
2 C. macroca'rpa (Pohl, 1. c. p. 64.) leaves oblong, acute,
glabrous above, and rather pilose beneath; corolla 5-toothed;
calyxes pilose. h . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro.
Large-fruited Canala. Shrub 2 feet.
3 C. rubi.ef6lia (Pohl, 1. c. p. G5.) leaves twin: superior
ones 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, and are, as well as the
calyxes, glabrous ; corolla 5-toothed. Tj . S. Native of Bra-
zil, in the province of Goyaz, on Mount Clara, and on Serra
de Cristaes.
Ruhia-leaved Canala. Shrub 2 feet ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tournefortia, p. 369.
All the species are extremely elegant when in blossom.
Additional Boragineous plants.
1 Merte'nsia alpina ; smoothish ; stem simple, assurgent ;
leaves ovate-spatulate : lower ones acute : superior ones acu-
minated, rather pilose above, minutely ciliated on the margins ;
flowers in terminal fascicles, on short pedicels ; corolla hardly
twice as long as the calyx ; calycine segments oblong, bluntish,
ciliated. "H.. H. Native of the Rocky Mountains. Pulmo-
naria alpina, Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 224. Corolla sub-cam-
panulate, with 5 minute scales in the throat ; border 5-lobed ;
lobes obtuse. Stamens inclosed ; anthers linear-oblong. This
species is said to be nearly allied to M. parvijlora.
Alpine Mertensia. PI. \ foot assurgent.
2 Merte'nsia cilia'ta ; glabrous, erect? leaves ovate-lance-
olate, attenuated at both ends, with ciliated margins ; flowers
fasciculately-panicled, pedicellate ; corolla tubularly campanu-
late ; calyx short, 5-parted, with ovate-obtuse segments. %..
H. Native of the Rocky Mountains, in the crevices of rocks
along streams. Pulmonaria ciliata, James, cat. ex Torrey,
ann. lye. 2. p. 224. Stems smooth, simple. Leaves dotted
above. Corolla blue ; border erect, 5-lobed ; tube slightly
ventricose ; throat parti.ally closed by 5 yellowish protuberances.
Stamens inclosed ; anthers linear. Allied to M. j)aniculala.
Ciliated-\ea.\ed Mertensia. PI. 1 foot.
3 Merte'nsia oblongifolia ; smooth; stem simple, erect;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, bluntish : superior ones acute ; flow-
ers panicled, pedicellate ; calyx short, with linear, acute, ciliated
segments; corolla tubularly campanulate. l/.H. Native of
North America, towards the sources of the Columbia river.
Pulmonaria oblongifolia, Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7.
p. 43. Leaves all more or less pubescent above : upper ones
sessile. Panicle formed of axillary approximate clusters of
flowers. Corolla bright blue, similar to those of il/. I'irginica,
except in size ; the lobes obtuse.
Oblong-leaved Mertensia. PI. g to | foot.
4 Ba'tschia pilosa ; simple, pilosely hairy ; leaves linear,
acuminated, sessile, approximate ; flowers fascicled, sessile,
small, yellow ; segments of the corolla oblong, entire. If. H.
Native of North America, at Flat Head river. Litho&p6rmuni
pilosum, Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 43. Leaves
almost hoary, strigosely pubescent. The flowers sessile, and
similar to other species of the genus. Stem clothed with brown
scales at the base, which gradually become the leaves as they
ascend the stem.
Pilose Puccoon. PI. J to f foot.
5 Ba'tschia Torre'yi ; plant strigosely hispid ; leaves oblong-
linear, bluntish, scattered ; stem dwarf, branched ; fascicles
terminal, few-flowered ; lobes of corolla oblong, entire. 1/. H.
Native of North America, at Flat Head river ; and of the
Rocky Mountains. Lithospermum deci'mibens, Torrey, in ann.
lye. 2. p. 225, but not of Nutt. Lithospermum Torreyi, Nutt.
1. c. Stem a span high, without any brown scales. Leaves
less crowded than in the preceding ; the stem at length branched,
and not near so hairy. Segments of the calyx linear, a little
shorter than the tube of the corolla.
Torrcy's Batschia. PI. | to f foot.
6 NoNEA soRDiDA (Fisch. et Meyer, sem. cat. hort. petrop.
1836. p. 43.) annual, diff"use, clothed with glandular down, in-
termixed with stiff' strigae or bristles ; leaves lanceolate, acute, a
little toothed ; tube of corolla 3 times shorter than the calyx, and
hardly longer than the campanulate limb ; carpels downy, de-
pressed, sub-plicate at the base, and entire. 0. H. Native of
the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea. Very nearly allied to
A'', jncta. Corolla dirty, vellowish-red.
Z);r/y-flowered Nonea. " Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. difflise.
7 MyosoTis Californica (Fisch. et Meyer, sem. cat. hort.
petrop. 1836. p. 42.) annual, strigose, much branched, procum-
bent ; leaves linear, acute, ciliated ; racemes elongated, leafy at
BORAGINE^. XLV. Plagiobotrys. XLVI. Crvptantha. XLVII. Amsinckia.
373
the base ; pedicels very short ; calyxes rather longer than the
corolla, spreading in the fniit-bearing state ; carpels wrinkled.
©. H. Native of New California, about the Russian colony,
Ross. Corolla white, with 10 yellow glands at the throat ; seg-
ments of the limb roundish, hardly emarginate. Very nearly
allied to M. Chorisitina, Cham. ; but differs in the flowers being
nearly sessile.
Ca/</or«ia« Scorpion-grass. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. | foot.
8 MyosoTis suPFRUTiciisA (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 225.)
stem suffruticose, much branched, hairy ; leaves linear-lance-
olate, hispidly pilose ; spikes terminal, numerous ; flowers pedi-
cellate; calyxes closed; nuts smooth, depressed, f^ . H. Na-
tive of North America, in barren deserts along the river Platte.
Flowers unilateral, on short pedicels. Corolla as large as that
of AI. palustris, blue, salver-shaped ; lobes obtuse, entire. This
is the only frutescent species.
Suffruticose Scorpion Grass. Shrub |^ to f foot.
9 Echinospe'rmum leioca'rpum (Fisch. et Meyer, cat. sem.
hort. petrop. 1836, p. 36.) annual, branched, diffuse, rather
hoary from erectly spreading hairs; leaves rather linear, obtuse;
racemes leafy ; fructiferous calyx closed ; carpels unarmed, very
smooth. ©. H. Native of New California, about the Russian
colony, Ross. Flowers minute, white, with small yellow scales
in the throat. This species differs from others in habit, and the
closed calyx and smooth carpels.
Smoolh-fruited Echinospermum. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. \
foot.
10 Echinospe'rmum Szovitsia'num (Fisch. et Meyer, sem.
cat. hort. petrop. 1836. p. 36.) annual, hairy from spreading
pili ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; racemes leafy ; calyxes oblique,
spreading while bearing the fruit, shorter than the spreading
thickened pedicels ; corollas length of calyx ; carpels tubercled
on the disk and sides, and furnished with a single row of glochi-
date prickles along the inargins, which are dilated at the base,
and often connate. ©. H. Native of the North of Persia, on
the edges of fields. Very nearly allied to E. minimum ; but
the prickles on the fruit are fewer, a little shorter, broader
at the base, and often connate.
.S'zoi.ifs's Echinospermum. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. i foot.
11 Echinospe'rmum pa'tens ; strigosely pilose; leaves ob-
long-linear, bluntish ; stem simple, nearly naked ; floriferous
branches spreading ; flowers pedicellate, loose, i;. H. Native
of North America, at Flat Head river. Rochelia patens, Nutt.
in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 43. Radical leaves on long
petioles ; those of the stem remote and sessile. Flowers in all
respects almost similar to those oi Myosolis scorpiotdes ; rather
large, and apparently red. Calycine segments small, linear,
obtuse. Nuts wrinkled.
Spreading Echinospermum. PI. ?
XLV. PLAGIOBO'TRYS (from TrXayioc, j^^agios, trans-
verse; and fioOpvQ, bolhrys, a pit; in reference to the pits at
the base of the carpels being transverse, and not longitudinal.)
Fisch. et Meyer, cat. sem. hort. petrop. 1836. p. 46.
Lin. syst. Pentundria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; throat closed by 5 inclosed plicae. Sta-
mens inclosed. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Carpels 4, distinct,
nearly ovate, 1 -celled ; having the insertion of the areola lateral,
perforated ; receptacle elevated, hemispherical. This genus is
distinguished from Litliospermum in the carpels being perforated,
and the receptacle elevated ; from Anchusa and Myosotis, in the
lateral insertion of the areola ; as well as in the elevated recep-
tacle ; and from Ctjnoglossum and Echinospermum, in the car-
pels being perforated.
1 P. rufe'scens (Fisch. et Meyer. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of
Chili. — An annual herb, with the habit oi Litliospermum arrense,
beset with spreading simple hairs. Leaves scattered, nearly
linear, bluntish. Racemes terminal, conjugate, almost leafless.
Flowers almost sessile, erect. Calyx beset with rufous hairs,
conniving while bearing the fruit. Corolla white. Carpels very
like those of E^chium, rugose, tubercled, marked by a lateral
circular areola. Cotyledons flat, nearly orbicular, undivided.
Rufescenl V\ag\ohd\hvys. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Amsinckia, below.
XLVL CRYPT A'NTHA (from cpuTrroe, cryplos, hidden ;
and avtioQ, anthos, a flower.) Lehm. sem. hort. liamb. 1833.
Lin. syst. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, with
ovate or lanceolate segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, shorter
than the calyx ; throat naked ? Stamens inclosed. Carpels 4,
1 -seeded, tubercled or nearly smooth, fixed to the bottom of
the calyx, imperforated at the base ? — Annual plants, with the
habit of Echinospermum.
1 C. glomera'ta (Lehm. ex Fisch. et Meyer, sem. cat. hort.
petrop. 1836. p. 35.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish ; calycine
segments ovate ; carpels obsoletely tubercled, or nearly smooth.
©. H. Native of Chili. Leaves pale green, broader than
those of C. microcarpa.
G/omera^c-flowered Cryptantha. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI.
2 C. microca'rpa (Fisch. et Meyer, 1. c. p. 35.) leaves lance-
olate, acute ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate ; carpels rough
from acute tubercles. ©. H. Native of Chili. Lithosper-
mum clandestinum, Trev. Echinospermum cynoglossoides,
Hort, but not of Lehm. Herb glaucescent. Carpels minute.
5ma//-//wi««/ Cryptantha. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. i foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Amsinckia, below.
XLVIL AMSI'NCKIA (meaning unknown to us.) Lehm.
delect, sem. hort. hamb. 183 1-2.
LiN. SYST. Pentundria, I\lonogynia. Caly.x 5-parted ; seg-
ments linear, gibbous. Corolla funnel-shaped ; segments of the
limb equal, roundish ; throat naked. Stamens inclosed. Stigma
capitate, emarginate. Nuts 4, 1 -seeded, fixed to the bottom of
the calyx, imperforated and ovate at the base, gibbous outside,
conniving at top, wrinkled from tubercles.
1 A. LVcoPsoiDES (Lehm. 1. c. Fisch. et Meyer, sem. cat.
hort, petrop. 1836. p. 26.) throat of corolla bearded ; limb 3
times shorter than the tube ; stamens inserted a little above tlie
base of the tube. ©. H. Native of America. Tube of corolla
3g lines long. Limb 2 lines in diameter.
Lycopsis-like Amsinckia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1836. PI.
I foot.
2 A. angustifolia (Lehm. 1. c. 1832. Fisch. et Meyer, 1.
c.) throat of corolla glabrous, naked ; limb twice shorter than
the tube ; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla. ©. H.
Native of Chili. A. parviflora, Bernh. sem. hort. erf. 1833.
Lithospermum caiycinum, Moris, enum. sem. hort. Taur. 1831,
and in mem. acad. Torino, 37. p. 108. t. 22. Tube of corolla
hardly 2 lines long ; limb har(!ly 2 lines in diameter. This
differs from the preceding in the smaller flowers, and distinct
insertion of the stamens.
Narrow-leaved ^.msmcVwi. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. i foot.
3 A. interme'dia (Fisch. et Meyer, 1. c.) throat of corolla
glabrous, naked ; limb rather shorter than the tube ; stamens
inserted in the throat of the corolla. ©. H. Native of New
California, about tlie Russian colony, Ross. Tube of corolla 1|-
lines long ; limb nearly 3 lines in diameter, orange yellow,
painted with 5 deeper spots. An intermediate species between
374
CORDlACEiE. I. CoRDiA.
A. lycopsoides, and A. sjiectab'iUs. It differs from the first in
the insertion of the stamens, and from the second in the corolla
being smaller, and especially in the throat not being half closed
by inclosed plicae.
Intermediate km%\nck\tL. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. | foot.
4 A. specta'bilis (Fisch. et Meyer, 1. c.) throat of corolla
glabrous, half closed by thrust-in plicae ; limb length of tube :
stainens inserted in the throat of the corolla. ©. H. Native
of New California, about the Russian colony, Ross. Corolla
beautiful yellow ; limb G inches in diameter, furnished with 5
plicae at the throat, which are similar to scales.
.S/iowy Amsinckia. Fl. Clt. 1836. PI. i foot.
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
the open ground about the beginning of May in a dry, warm,
sheltered situation. None of them are worth cultivation, except
in botanical gardens.
Order CLXVII. CORDIA" CE^E (the plants contained in
this order agree with Cordia in the drupaceous fruit, and bifid
or dichotomous style.)
Calyx 5-cleft, or 4-5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat
naked ; limb 5-10-lobed. Stamens equal in number to the seg-
ments of the corolla, exserted or inclosed. Style semi-bifid, or
dichotomous; stigmas obtuse. Berry or a drupe containing
2 2-celled, 2-seeded nuts, or 4 1 -celled, I -seeded nuts, or a
4-celled putamen, which is sometimes only 1 -2-celled from
abortion, partly or altogether covered by the calyx. Coty-
ledons plicate. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, serrated, or
cut. Inflorescence terminal, panicled, or corymbose, or spicate,
usually bractless.
This order was formerly united with Boraghiece, from wliich
its habit, plaited cotyledons, and divided style, separate it.
Little is known of the properties of the plants contained in
it, except that the flesh of the fruit is emollient and mucila-
ginous. The nuts of Cordia Sebestena are sometimes employed
as laxatives.
Synoiis'is of the genera.
Tribe I.
CoRDiE'iE. Style dichotomous. Fruit drupaceous.
1. Cordia. Calyx 4-1 0-toothed. Limb of corolla 4-1 0-cleft.
Stigmas 4. Drupe containing a 4-celled putamen, which is
sometimes 1-3-celled by abortion.
2 Patagonu'la. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 4-cleft.
Stigmas 4 ?. Drupe containing a 4-celled putamen.
Tribe II.
Ehretia'ce^. Style semi-bifid ; stigmas 2, obtuse. Berry
containing 2-4, 2-celled, 2-seeded nuts, or 4, 1-celled, 1-seeded
nuts. Cotyledons plicate ?
3 Ehre'tia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
5-lobed limb, and a naked throat. Stamens exserted. Berry
containing 2 2-celled, 2-seeded nuts.
4 Beurre'ria. All as in Ehret'm, except that the berry
contains 4 2-celled, 2-seeded nuts.
5 Cobte'sia. Calyx 1 0-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted. Style bifid at
apex ; stigmas peltately globose. Drupe containing 2 1-seeded?
nuts.
6 Carmona. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, or
rotate ; limb 5-6-cleft. Stamens 5-6, inclosed. Styles 2, capil-
lary ; stigmas simple. Drupe containing a 5-6-celled putamen.
7 LuTRosTYLis. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped,
5-cleft. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla. Styles 2,
short ; stigmas sub-capitate. Drupe small, containing 4 I -seeded
nuts.
8 Rha'bdia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft.
Stamens inclosed. Style simple ; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe
containing 4 1-seeded pyrenas or nuts.
9 Morelosia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Stamens exserted. Style forked ; stigmas 2, capitate. Drupe
containing a 4-celled, 4-seeded putamen.
Tribe III.
Erimata'lejE. Style hardly any. Stigma large, discoid, 5-
grooved. Drupe containing only one 1-seeded nut.
10 Erysibe. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-
parted ; segments of the limb bifid.
■f A genus not known whether belonging to the j)resent order.
11 Rochefortia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
limb spreading. Stamens inserted in the recesses between the
lobes of the corolla. Styles 2, subulate ; stigmas simple.
Fruit globose, 2-celled ; cells containing numerous angular seeds.
I. CO'RDIA (named after Euricius Cordius, whose true
name was Henricus Urbanus, and Valerius his son, German
botanists of the 16th century.) Plum. gen. 14. Lin. gen. no.
256. Schreb. gen. no. 350. Juss. gen. p. 128. ed. Usteri. p.
143. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 76. R. Br. prod. p. 498. Cordana,
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 47. t. 184. Sebestena, Dill. elth.
t. 255.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentdndria, Tretragynia. Calyx tubular,
usually 5, rarely 3-4-6-10-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
limb from 4 to 1 0-cleft, but usually 5-cleft. Stamens equal in
number to the divisions of the corolla. Style dichotomous ;
stigmas 4. Drupe partly or wholly covered by the calyx, con-
taining a 4-celled putamen, which is sometimes only 1-3-celled
by abortion. Cotyledons plicate. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves
quite entire, or cut. Inflorescence terminal, panicled, corym-
bose, or spicate, bractless.
Sect. I. Sebeste'n-e. Calyxes and fruit smooth. Inflores-
cence corymbose, or panicled. Segments of calyx acute.
Throat of corolla glabrous. Flowers large.
1 C. Ru'mphii (Bhnn. bijdr. p. 843.) leaves on long petioles,
ovate-oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base, nearly equal,
somewhat repand, smoothish above, but downy in the axils of
the nerves beneath ; corymbs length of petioles ; segments of
calyx without furrows, tridentate, tomentose inside. ^ . S.
Native of the Moluccas. Novella nigra, Rumph. amb. 2. p.
226. t. 75. Allied to C. Sebestena. Corollas orange-red.
Rumjihius's Cordia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Tree.
2 C. DicHOTOMA (Forst. prod. no. 110. R. Br. 1. c.) leaves
ovate, a little toothed, glabrous ; cymes opposite the leaves,
CORDIACEiE. I. CoRDiA.
375
pedunculate ; flowers tetramerous ; calyxes campanulate, and
are, as well as the fruit, smooth. T;. S. Native of New Hol-
land, within the tropic.
Dichotomous Cordia. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 feet.
3 C. Sebeste'na (Jacq. amer. 42. ed. 2d. t. 44. Lin. spec,
ed. 1. p. 1073.) leaves ovate, acute, or elliptic, quite entire,
hispid, scabrous above ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; calyx
smooth, clothed with hispid tomentum : limb of corolla 7-cleft,
with a glabrous throat. ^ . S. Native of Cuba, about the
Havanna, St. Domingo, Sec. Andr. hot. rep. t. 157. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 794. Tratt. tab. t. 354. Lam. ill. no. 1898. t.
96. f. 1. C. ju;;landif61ia,, Jacq. amer. 43. C. speciosa, Willd.
rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 799. — Plenck, icon. t. 115.
— Plum. gen. 13. icon. 105. — Sloan, jam. 2. p. 20. t. 164.
Branches glabrous in the adult state, but clothed with hispid
tomentum while young. Leaves 4-5 inches long, rather unequal
at the base. Calyx 2-6-toothed ; teeth bluntish. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped, orange coloured, or tawny yellow ; limb spreading,
5-7 parted, witli crenately undulated edges. Stamens exserted,
glabrous. The young leaves are serrated, the full grown ones
hardly repand, and the upper certainly quite entire. A small
piece of the wood put on a pan of lighted coals will perfume
the whole house with a most agreeable smell. The flower in
Jacquin's figure is coloured like that of the bloody-wallflower.
Browne says that the flower in the Jamaica plant is scarlet.
Said by Cham, to be very nearly allied to C. Abyssinica.
Sebestena Cordia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1728. Tree 10 to
35 feet.
4 C. Dille'nii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 649.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acutish, repandly serrated, scabrous on both surfaces ; pedun-
cles terminal, sub-corymbose ; calyx tridentate ; segments of
corolla usually 7, roundish, undulated ; stigmas revolute. Pj .
S. Native of the Bahama Islands. C. Sebestena, Willd. spec.
1. p. 1076.— Dill, elth, p. 341. t. 255. f. 331.— Catesb. car. p.
2. t. 91. Corolla orange-coloured or scarlet. Stamens ex-
serted.
7);//f?iW4'x Cordia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1728. Tree 10 to
30 feet.
5 C. l;e'vis (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. p. 39. t. 40.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, smooth, repand ; racemes short, branched ;
calyx glabrous, tubular, smooth ; corolla wrinkled, with a C-7-
cleft, large spreading limb; stamens 6-7. I; . S. Native about
Caraccas. Habit of Sebestena. Leaves shining above, 9 inches
long. Corolla orange-red ; segments semi-oval. Stamens ex-
serted.
Smooth Cordia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Tree 14 to 20
feet.
6 C. Africa'na (Lam. ill. no. 1896.) leaves roundish, oval,
entire, obtuse ; panicles terminal ; calyx turbinate ; drupe con-
taining a triquetrous putamen. Ij . S. Native of Abyssinia,
Bruce. C. Sebestena, ji, Poir. suppl. 7. p. 45. C. Abyssinica,
Salt. trav. p. 475, where there is also a species named C. ovalis,
but without any diagnosis. Wanzey Bruce, trav. 5. p. 54. t.
17. French, ed. p. 70. Perhaps the Sebestena of Alpini.
Branches inclinate. Leaves dark green, paler beneath. Corolla
white. Stigma dark, bifid or trifid. Fruit at first solt and green,
but at length bony and wrinkled.
African Cordia. Tree IS to 20 feet.
7 C. suBCORDA^TA (Lam. ill, 1. p. 421. no. 1699.) leaves
ovate subcordate, on long petioles, repand, acute, smooth ; pani-
cles lateral ; calyx, stamens, and pistil almost like those of C.
Sebestena ; corolla campanulate ; drupe ovate, dry, hid in the
calyx. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies, in various parts,
Sandwich Islands, and of New Holland, within the tropic, &c.
C. orientalis, R. Br. prod. p. 498. C. campanulata, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 336. C. Rumphii, Blum, bijdr. p. 843.? C. Sebes-
tena, Forst. prod. p. 18. no. 108. C. hexandra, Willd. herb, ex
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 799. Novella nigra, Rumph.
amb. 2. p. 226. t. 75. ? Corolla large, white, suffused with red
segments, G-7, roundish, spreading. Calyx like that of a
species of D'tdnthus. Stamens length of the tube of the co-
rolla.
SubcordateAeayeiii Cordia. Tree.
8 C. LATiFOLiA (Wall. cat. no. 893.) leaves broad, ovate-
roundish, glabrous, with 5 nerves running from the base ; pani-
cles terminal and lateral, dichotomous ; calyx smooth, cup-
shaped, unequally toothed ; drupe large, ovate, acuminated,
surrounded by the calyx at the base. Ij . S. Native of Silhet.
Flowers large.
Broad-leaved Cordia. Tree.
9 C. ueca'ndra (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
38. t. 10.) leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated, scabrous, sessile,
with revolute edges, hoary from down ; flowers disposed in a
terminal leafy corymb; calyx 10-toothed, clothed with black
down ; corolla 10-lobed; stamens 10, inclosed. ^^ . G. Native
of Chili, about Coquimbo. Tops of branches scabrous. Flow-
ers large, very showy white, fragrant. Stamens inclosed, pilose
at the base. Capsule size of a filbert, covered by the calyx.
The wood of this tree is very extensively employed in the pro-
duction of charcoal, whence it is called Carbon, and likewise for
fuel for smelting copper, as the withered stems of Cactus are
for refining metal.
Decandrous Cordia. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
10 C. supe'rba (Cham, et Schlecht in Linnsea, 4. p. 474. and
8. p. 123.) leaves cuneate-oblong, to oblong-elliptic, acuminated,
acute, toothed in front, glabrous above, except the nerves, which
are strigose, but beset with short hairs beneath ; cymes at first
terminal, then lateral, pedunculate ; calyx clavately tubular,
irregularly cut at top, or with lacerated lobes, smootii ; corolla
campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-lobed : lobes roundish and acu-
minated. ^2 . S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic, Sello.
Young branches angular, scabrous from dense stiff" short hairs.
Leaves form of the leaflets of the horse-chestnut, firm and
opaque, the largest ii\ inches long, and 2| broad. Branches of
cyme angular, compressed, and are, as well as the calyxes,
scabrous from short dense stiff" hairs. Flowers large, showy.
Corolla glabrous, having the tube length of calyx, and the limb
campanulate. Stamens 5, inclosed, hairy at the base. Stigmas
lamellate.
f ar. a, cuneala (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) leaves cuneate,
oblong.
far. (3, ellipiica (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) leaves elliptic,
obtuse at the base, and rounded, 85 inches long, and 4i
broad.
Sujierb Cordia. Tree.
11 C. gla'bra (Cham, in Linnaa, 8. p. 124.) tops of
branches, inflorescence, and petioles scabrous from small bris-
tles, or stiff hairs, the rest glabrous ; branches cinereous, terete ;
leaves scattered, opposite, and 3 in a whorl, on short petioles,
lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, somewhat acuminated, acute,
6 inches long, membranous, flat ; cymes scorpioid, terminal,
but at length lateral ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped,
glabrous. I; . S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Leaves truncate
and semi-erose, or sinuated on the margins. Cymes bifid or
trifid. Corolla 1|- inch long. Drupe inclosed, truncate at top.
Glabrous Cordia. Tree.
12 c. Molucca'na (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 337.) leaves on long
petioles, ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire, smooth ; panicles axil-
lary and terminal, shorter than the leaves ; calyx gibbous, hairy
inside ; drupe pointed, and nearly hid in the calyx, containing a
4-celled nut. F^ . S. Native of the Moluccas. This species
is often tetrandrous. Tiie filaments are short and very iiairy,
12
376
CORDIACE^. I. CoRDiA.
as is also the rim round the mouth of the gibbous tube of the
corolla where they are inserted. Size of flowers not mentioned
by Roxburgh.
Moluccas Cordia. Tree.
13 C. TOMENTOSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. iiid. 2. p. 339.) leaves
round-ovate, more or less cordate at the base, repand, entire,
smooth above, but very soft and tomentose beneath ; calyx
ovate, villous within. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. C.
obliqua, var. Heyne, herb. The densely tomentose, soft, acute
leaves distinguish this species from C. Mijxa, of which C.
obliqua, Willd. is probably only a variety. C. domestica. Roth,
comes very near to this, but differs in the figure and comparative
smoothness of the leaves. The flowers are largish.
Tomentose Cordia. Tree.
14 C. CoLLOcoccA (Lin. spec. 274.) leaves oblong-ovate,
quite entire ; corymbs loose, terminal, somewhat panicled ;
calyx tomentose inside, h . S. Native of Jamaica. C. glabra,
Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 191. Coliococcus foliis rugosis, &c.
Browne, jam. p. 167. — Sloane; jam. p. 169. hist. 2. p. 95. t.
203. f. 2. — Phikn. phyt. t. 158. f. 1.? Leaves attenuated at
the base, acuminated, wrinkled, nearly glabrous. Branches of
corymb unequal. Corolla middle-sized, with deep green seg-
ments. Drupe red, clammy, villous, containing a wrinkled,
lacunose putamen. Turkeys and other poultry feed much upon
the fruit ; the pulp is sweetish, and of a clammy consistence.
In Jamaica it has the name of Clammy-cherry and Tuikcy-
berry tree, ex Browne.
Neck-fruited Cordia. Fl. ? Clt. 1759. Tree 20 to 50 feet.
15 C. tetraphy'lla (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 224. t. 88.) leaves
obovate, narrowed at the base, 4 in a whorl, entire, glabrous ;
corymbs lateral, pedunculate ; calyx smooth, with 5 acute
teeth; drupe olive-formed, containing a 1-celled putamen. fj .
S. Native of Guiana, by the sea-side. Lam. ill. no, 1908.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1076. Branches nodose. Leaves nearly
sessile, acutish. Corolla white, funnel-shaped : lobes 5, round-
ish, acutish. Stamens 5, exserted. Drupe yellowish, fleshy,
size of an olive.
Four-leaved Cordia. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
16 C. NODOSA (Lam. ill. no. 1 905.) branchlets nodose, hispid ;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, pilose, usually 3 in a whorl ;
calyx turbinate, villous, or bearded ; corymbs terminal and
axillary, hairy, pedunculate ; drupe containing a 2-celled puta-
men. \i . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, in woods. C.
coliococcus, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 219. t. 86, but not of Willd.
C. hirsilta, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1076. Meyer esseq. p. 114.
Leaves sessile, green, pilose on both surfaces. Corymbs beset
with rufescent hairs. Calyx 5-toothed, teeth very short. Co-
rolla white, having the tube thickened at the throat. This
species differs from C. collococca in the characters given above,
and in the narrower leaves ; coarctate subumbellate corymbs,
not dichotomous and divaricate ; and in the white, oblique,
acuminated fruit. The stamens are exserted.
A')io//erf-branched Cordia. Fl. June, Julv. Clt. 1803. Shrub
C feet.
17 C. ELLiPTicA (Swartz. prod. p. 47. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 461.)
leaves petiolate, oblong, entire, attenuated at apex, rather cori-
aceous, glabrous; racemes terminal, dichotomous, compound,
diffuse ; calyx coriaceous, tubular, glabrous, 2-5-toothed ;
drupe acuminated, nearly inclosed. ^2 ■ S. Native of Jamaica
and St. Domingo. Leaves shining above. Flowers rather
large. Corolla white ; tube hardly longer than the calyx,
gibbous at the b.ise ; segments of the limb linear-lanceolate,
reflexed. Filaments bearded in the tube of the corolla ; anthers
glandular at top. Putamen wrinkled.
Elliplic-kaved Cordia. Clt. ] 804. Tree 30 to 50 feet.
18 C. aspe'rrima (Spreng. svst. 1. p. 649.) leaves ovate-
7
oblong, obtuse, crenulated, rough from dots above, and hispid
and tomentose beneath : floral ones obovate, entire, clothed
with fulvous tomentum ; peduncles cymose, panicled ; calyx
campanulate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil.
Very-rough Cordia. Shrub or Tree.
19 C. sTRiGOsA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 649.) leaves rhomboid,
coarsely toothed, strigose on both surfaces ; peduncles cymose,
elongated ; calyx strigose, campanulate, with subulate segments.
y^ . S. Native of St. Domingo.
Strigose Cordia. Shrub or Tree.
Sect. II. Micra'ntHjE (from fiiKpoc, micros, small ; and
avdog, anlhos, a flower. The flowers are small compared with
those of the preceding section.) Cham, et Schlecht in Linnaca,
4. p. 476. and 8. p. 124. All as in the preceding section, but
the flowers are small.
* Species natives of America.
20 C. MAGNOLi^EFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht in Linnaea, 4. p.
476.) leaves on short petioles, cuneated at the base, elliptic,
acuminated, acute, mucronate, entire, rarely furnished with an
accessary tooth near the acumen, rather coriaceous, with re-
flexed margins, quite glabrous in the adult state, but when
young rather strigose, as well as the buds and branches of
inflorescence; inflorescence terminal, sessile; panicle subfasti-
giate, composed of Z-5 tri-dichotomous branches ; calyx pilose
outside ; corolla salver-shaped, glabrous : tube length of ca-
lyx : segments narrow-elliptic, obtuse, one-half longer than
the tube ; drupe size of a cherry. ^ . S. Native of the
south of Brazil, Sello. Branches densely leafy, bluntly, many
angled from the decurrent insertion of the petioles, pilose at
the internodes. Calyx irregularly 3-4-lobed. Stamens much
exserted. Stigmas lanceolate. Leaves 9 inches long, and 2g
broad, sometimes somewhat tricuspidate at apex.
Magnolia- leaved Cordia. Tree.
21 C. DiosPYRiFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 477.) leaves
on short petioles, elliptic or obovate, sometimes oblong, attenu-
ated at the base, and acute, undulated on the margins, bluntly
acuminated at the apex, mucronate, rather coriaceous, beset with
a few scattered hairs on both surfaces, shining beneath, and
more opaque above ; panicles expanded, convex, on short or
long peduncles, more pilose towards the top ; calyx pilose out-
side and inside, usually 5-cleft ; tube of corolla cylindrical ;
stamens shorter than the segments of the corolla. Ij • S.
Native of the south of Brazil, Sello. This species is nearly
allied to the preceding, but difl'ers from it in the leaves being
sinaller, elliptic, or obovate, beset with scattered hairs on both
surfaces ; in the stamens being about equal in length to the
segments of the corolla, not exceeding them.
Date-plum-leaved Cordia. Tree.
22 C. Sellowia'na (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c p. 478.) leaves
on short petioles, ovate, entire, bluntly cuneated at the base,
and attenuated at the apex, acuminated, at first downy, in the
adult state scabrous and shining above, but clothed with velvety
tomentum beneath ; inflorescence lateral ; cymes large, 3-6 tri-
chotomous and dichotomous, tomentose : calyx campanulate, 5-
toothed : teeth acute ; corolla salver-shaped, glabrous ; stamens
much exserted. f^ . S. Native of the south of Brazil. Very
nearly allied to C. jnacrophylla, Lin. and C. pubescens, Willd.
herb. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 803. See Desf. ann. mus.
1. p. 205. Branches terete, clothed with rufescent tomentum.
Leaves 10 inches long. Corolla having the tube length of
calyx ; segments shorter, obtuse, reflexed. Stamens villous at
the base, as well as the tube of the corolla at their insertion.
Ovarium globose, glabrous ; style hairy.
CORDIACE^. I. CoRDiA.
377
Sello's Cordia. Tree.
US C. heteroi'iiy'lla (Willd. herb. 5474. Cham, et Schlecht,
1. c. p. 480.) leaves form of those of C puhescens, tomentose,
as in tlie preceding species ; cymes pedunculate, terminal, late-
ral, and extra-axillary ; calyx narrow, clavate, not globose ;
corolla narrower : segments short, exceeding the calyx a little ;
stamens rarely equal in length to the segments of the corolla ;
throat of corolla and filaments glabrous ; ovarium oblong-el-
liptic, hairy on the top, as in C. Scllomiana. ^ . S. Native of
Cayenne.
I'arious-leared Cordia. Tree.
24 C. obscu'ra (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 4. p. 480.)
very nearly allied to the preceding, but is distinguished by the
nearly sessile, pergamaceous, less silky leaves, which are fur-
nished on both surfaces with more numerous stiff short hairs,
with the vascular rete finer, and more prominent on the upper
surface ; cymes smaller, on shorter peduncles, terminal, lateral,
and axillary. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic, Sello.
Young branches angular, beset with brown hairs, as well as bark.
Leaves 2 inches to h foot long, and 2~ inches broad. Cymes
fastigiate. Calvx downy. Segments of the corolla obtuse, a
little shorter than the tube. Stamens exserted, hardly the
length of the segments of the corolla, inserted in the throat,
where it is very villous.
Obscure Cordia. Tree.
25 C. sALiciFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht in Linnaea, 4. p. 481.)
leaves thin, firm, hardly pellucid, lanceolate, acuminated, acute,
tapering into the petioles ; cymes lateral, on short peduncles,
nearly sessile, or on long peduncles, erect, sub-fastigiate, beset
with short hairs ; flowers pedicellate ; calyx short, campanulate,
irregularly lobed, glabrous outside, but pilose inside ; corolla
salver-shaped ; tube length of calyx ; limb 5-cleft ; segments
reflexed, narrow-elliptic, obtuse, one-half the length of the
tube, or a little longer ; stamens much exserted, twice as long
as the segments of the corolla. ^ . S. Native of the south
of Brazil, Sello. Besides the buds, the tops of the inflores-
cence and branchiets are glabrous. Leaves 5 inches long, and
an inch broad.
Wdloiv-leaved Cordia. Tree.
2C C. AMBiGUA (Cham, in Linnaea, 8. p, 125.) beset with stiflT
hairs all over, the upper surfaces of the leaves scabrous, and the
inflorescence tomentose ; branches angular and furrowed ; leaves
nearly opposite and scattered, 6-8 inches long, firm, membran-
ous, flat, elliptic, drawn out into the petioles at the base, acute,
obtuse and few-toothed at the apex, or acuminated, acute, and
nearly entire ; cymes small, terminal; calyx closed, clavate at
first, at length obconically tubular, irregularly 5-toothed ; co-
rolla salver-shaped, having the tube dilated upwards, and the
segments oblong, length of tube, a little dilated, and undu-
lately plicate at top ; drupe half-closed in the calyx. Tj .
S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Cordia Anabaptista, Cham. Very
like C. superha, var. ell'iplica, but the flowers are much smaller.
Stamens exserted. Drupe containing a 3-celled, 3 or 1 seeded
putamen.
Ambiguous Cordia. Tree.
27 C. pube'scens (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 803. Cham, in Linnaja, 8. p. 127, and 4. p. 479.) leaves on
short petioles, ovate, or ovate-oblong, somewhat unequal-sided,
rounded at the base, and subcordate, drawn out at apex into a
fine tail-like acumen ; others are nearly orbicular, acutely acu-
minated, on very short petioles, all are entire and discoloured,
when young rather silky and shining above, and strigulose and
velvety beneath, when old strigulose above and downy beneath ;
inflorescence cymosely panicled, sub-fastigiate, loose ; caly.x
with 5 acutish, erect teeth, clothed with velvety tomentum
VOL. IV.
inside ; corolla salver-shaped : tube length of calyx : segments
obtuse, reflexed ; filaments bearded at their insertion, hardly
exceeding the segments of the corolla ; ovarium hairy at top ;
stigmas not dilated. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Branches
angular, tomentose, or villous. Leaves 10-12 inches long, and
4-5 broad. Calyx downy outside.
Downy Cordia. Tree.
28 C. coRDiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 70.) leaves
oblong, obtuse, cordate, quite entire, glabrous above, and pubes-
cent beneath ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous, diffuse ; flowers
sessile, glomerate ; calyx campanulate, downy, smooth, with
acute teeth ; limb of corolla 5-cleft, with linear, reflexed seg-
ments ; stamens pilose at the base. h . S. Native of the
islands in the river Apures, near El. Diamante and Arichuna.
Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 800. Branches
terete, glabrous, white. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 2 or more
broad. Flowers sessile, size of those of Hfyhsotis scorpioldes.
Corollas white. Stamens much exserted. Style inclosed.
Heart-leaved Cordia. Tree or Shrub.
29 C. EHRETioiDES (Lam. ill. no. 1902.) leaves oblong-ovate,
acute at the base, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles lateral,
shorter than the leaves. I7 . S. Native of Jamaica. C. coUococca,
/3, Poir. diet. 7. p. 42. ?— Sloane, hist. 2. t. 203. f. 2. Flowers
small. This differs from C. coUococca in the leaves not being cor-
date at the base. Said to be the same as C.Jlavescens, by Spreng.
Ehretia-lihe Cordia. Tree.
30 C. flave'scens (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 220. t. 89.) leaves
oblong, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous ; racemes simple,
axillary ; peduncles very long ; calyx deeply divided into
5-6 rounded, acute segments ; drupe dry, greenish-yellow,
cherry-formed. Tj . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, on
the edges of fields. C. sarmentosa, Lam. ill. no. 1907. Stems
many, sarmentose. Leaves sub-petiolate, 6-7 inches long, and
3 broad. Corolla yellowish, with rounded lobes. Stamens 5-6,
exserted ; anthers sagittate.
Yellowish-fruheHi Cordia. Clt. 1823. Shrub sarmentose, 8
to 9 feet.
31 C. tetra'ndra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 222. t. 87.) leaves
ovate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base, rough beneath, and
glabrous above ; corymbs or cymes terminal ; calyx turbinate,
with 4 rounded, acute teeth ; limb of corolla of 4 rounded,
acutish segments ; stamens 4, inserted under the divisions of the
limb, e.xserted ; drupes small, containing 4 1 -seeded nuts, t^ . S.
Native of Guiana and Cayenne, on the banks of rivers, and on
the sea-shore. Leaves 8-10 inches long, and 3-4 broad, sub-
undulated. Cymes like those of Sambucus ; peduncles dicho-
tomous. Corolla small, funnel-shaped, green ; tube short.
Tetrandrous Cordia. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
32 C. ToauE'vE (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 228. t. 90.) leaves cor-
date-ovate, acuminated, entire, villous ; corymbs panicled, term-
inal, racemose ; calyx tubular, 5-toothed ; corolla with a short
tube, and 5 roundish, spreading lobes. Ij . S. Native of
Guiana, in woods near Sineniari. The whole plant villous,
much branched. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 3-4 broad.
Common peduncles long and villous. Corolla white. Stamens
exserted. Drupe oblong, 1 -seeded, yellowish. Toqueve is the
Guiana name of the shrub, ex Aublet.
Toqueve Cordia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
33 C. macrophv'lla (Lin. spec. p. 273. Mill. diet. no. 3.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1075.) leaves ovate-oblong, villous, entire, or
a little denticulated ; racemes corymbose, small, villous ; calyx
villous, cup-shaped, with 5 obtuse teeth ; corolla having the
tube villous inside, and the segments of the limb deflexed and
curled ; drupe reddish, containing a 2-celled, 2-sceded puta-
men. Ij . S. Native of the Antilles, Jamaica, Porto Rico, St.
3C
378
CORDIACEiE. I. CoRDiA.
Domingo, &c. Lam. ill. no. 1901. Desf. ann. mus. 1. p. 205.
Red. pict. mus. par. Priinus racemo^a, &'c. Sloane, jam. p.
184. hist. 2. p. 130. t. 221. f. 1. Brandies inclinate, bi-
trifurcate, cinereous, downy, or villous. Leaves on short peti-
oles, I5 foot long. Racemes girded by 2-3 small leaves from
the forks. Drupe size of a pea.
Long-leaved Cordia. Clt. 1752. Tree 40 to 60 feet.
34 C. SALViFOLiA (Juss. ex Poir. diet. 7. p. 46.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse, wrinkled, very rough, coriaceous ; racemes
lateral, small, with villous divisions. Tj . S. Native country
unknown, but most probably of some part of tropical America.
Branches cinereous, or yellowish, striated, rather downy while
yotmg. Leaves petiolate, very firm, beset with copious white
dots above, 2 inches long, and 1 inch broad.
Sage-leaved Cordia. Tree or Shrub.
35 C. Dominge'nsis (Lam ill.no. 1900.) leaves ovate, entire,
scabrous on both surfaces, whitish beneath ; panicles terminal,
downy; calyx tubular, with obtuse teeth, rufescent. Ij . S.
Native of St. Domingo. Branches angular, very rough, black-
ish brown, downy at top. Leaves dark green above : upper
ones 8-10 inches long, and 4-5 broad. Racemes shorter than
the leaves, with short terete scabrous branches. Corolla
unknown.
St. Domingo Cordia. Tree or Shrub.
36 C. ? BLXiFOLiA (Juss. ex Poir. diet. 7. p. 45.) leaves cori-
aceous, ovate-cuncated, entire, nearly sessile, obtuse, scabrous ;
panicles corymbose, downy, lateral and terminal ; calyx short,
ovate, tubular, with 5 obtuse lobes. Ij . S. Native country
unknown, but probably of some, part of tropical America.
Habit of Ehretia buxijhlia. Branches terete, grey, glabrous.
Leaves numerous, hardly an inch long, beset with copious white
dots above. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube cylindrical
and longer than the calyx, and the limb middle-sized and
spreading. Style bifid, each division bearing a solitary capitate
stigma, and is therefore probably a species of LulrosUjUs.
Box-leaved Cordia. Shrub.
37 C. EXALTATA (Lam. ill. no. 1910. Poir. diet. 7. p. 47.)
leaves ovate, acute at the base, rough, entire, coriaceous, on
very short petioles ; corymbs a little longer than the leaves,
glabrous, terminal ; calyx small, glabrous, campanulate, with 5
small acute teeth ; lin)b of corolla 5-cleft. Tj . S. Native of
Guiana, Richard. Branches glabrous, striated. Leaves almost
shining above, and paler beneath, 4 inches long, and 2 broad.
Branches of corymb diffuse. Pedicels thick, very short, 1-
flowered. Drupe globose, size of a pea, containing a 2-celled,
2-seeded putamen.
Tall Cordia. Tree 60 feet.
38 C. NERVOSA (Lam. ill. no. 1906. Poir. diet. 7. p. 47.)
leaves alternate and opposite, ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining
and dark green above, but pale yellow, and rather downy
beneath, on short petioles ; corymbs glabrous, short ; bracteas
subulate ; calyx glabrous, with short, ovate, bhmtish teeth.
Ij . S. Native of Guiana, Richard. Nearly allied to C.fla-
vesccns, Aubl. Branches scabrous, cinereous, angular. Leaves
nearly glabrous, 8-10 inches long, and 4 broad; petioles nodose
at the base. Corymb having the first branches somewhat dicho-
tomous, the rest short and thick, rather woody. Corolla and
fruit unknown.
A''e; rc(/-leaved Cordia. Clt. 1820. Shrub or tree.
39 C. reticula'ta (Vahl. eclog. amer. 3. p. 5.) leaves ovate-
oblong, long-acuminated, reticulated, shining, scabrous beneath,
and smooth above ; racemes terminal, erect, branched, dichoto-
mous, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with rusty tomen-
tum ; flowers 4-5 at the top of each peduncle, hardly pedicellate ;
calyx smooth, not striated, campanulate in the fruit-bearing
state, trifid, with oblong, obtuse segments ; stamens length of
corolla ; segments of the limb of the corolla oblong, bluntish.
T^ . S. Native of Montserrat, Ryan. Branches terete, glab-
rous, but clothed with rusty lomentum at top. Leaves peti-
olate, glabrous, shining on both surfaces. Branches of raceme
twice dichotomous. Tube of corolla length of calyx. Stigmas
dilated, transverse. Drupe obovate, glabrous, larger than a pea.
Reticulntcd-\ea\cd Cordia. Tree.
40 C. calopiiy'lla (Vahl. eclog. amer. 3. p. 5.) leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous, rather coria-
ceous, smooth above, and rather scabrous beneath ; corymbs
axillary ; calyx smooth, campanulate, 5-toothed. Ij . S. Na-
tive of Cayenne, Rohr. Branches angidar, glabrous, dichoto-
mous, yellowish. Leaves petiolate, 6-S inches long, yellowish
beneath. Corymbs at the sides of the forks and tops of the
branches, with opposite leaves, 3 times longer than the petioles.
Beavt'iful-leavcd Cordia. Tree.
41 C. formica'ruji (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 800.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, quite entire, scabrous ; branches
ventricose ; corymbs pilose, coaretate. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Para. Branches terete, smooth,
dilated at the ramifications, hollow in the axils, and forming
nests for ants, whence the tree is called Pao de Formige by
the natives. Leaves nearly sessile, a foot long, and a band
wide, ciliated.
Ants' Cordia. Tree.
42 C. a'spera (Forst. prod. no. 109. Willd. spec, 1. p.
1074.) leaves ovate, acuminated, rough ; flowers cymose, wrink-
led. \i . G. Native of the Island of Tongatabu. Forster
does not mention the size of the flowers.
Rouglt Cordia. Tree.
* * Species natives of Asia.
43 C. latifolia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 230.) leaves roundish,
cordate, entire, repand, 3-nerved, smooth above and scabrous
beneath ; panicles terminal and lateral ; flowers polygamous ;
calyx villous, campanulate, leathery, with an unequally-toothed
mouth ; corolla short, campanulate, with 5 linear-oblong seg-
ments; drupes oblately globose, on a smooth calyx, containing a
1-4- seeded nut. ^ . S. Native of Hindostan. Trunk short,
generally crooked, as in C. Mijxa. Branches spreading and
drooping ; young shoots smooth and angular. Leaves 3-7
inches long, and rather less in breadth. Panicles roundish.
Flowers numerous, small, white. Stamens as long as the seg-
ments of the corolla, inserted immediately under the fissure.
Drupe about an inch or more in diameter, yellow when ripe ;
pulp soft, clammy, and is eaten by the natives. Mr. Cole-
bi'ooke says that the writers on Indian Materia Medica notice
two sorts of Sepistan. The first as large as a prune, with its
nut immersed in mucilaginous pulp, and separable from it.
The second smaller, with its nut adhering to the pulp, (as
described by the writers on Materia Medica in Europe,) but
with less mucilage, and sweeter than the large one. The rest
of the description, he observes, is common to both kinds, the
fruit growing in clusters ; when ripe yellow, but afterwards
turning black. The first, or large sort, is, no doubt, the fruit
of the present tree ; and the small sort that of C. Myxa,
which has hitherto been considered in Europe as the only
tree that produces this drug. The Arabic and Persian names
of Sepistan and Pistan are applicable to both sorts. Dr.
Wallich proposes to give this species the specific name of C.
Scpistana, and the West Indian species, now called Sebestena,
C. coccinea, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 332.
Broad-leaved Sepistan. Tree 8 to 1.2 feet.
CORDIACE^. I. CoRDiA.
379
44 C. My'xa (Lin. spec. 273. syst. p. 161. mat. med.
I. 67.) leaves oval, ovate, or obovate, repaiid, smooth above,
but rather scabrous beneath ; panicles terminal and lateral,
globular ; flowers polygamous ; calyx tubular, widening towards
the mouth, and torn as it were into 3-5 divisions ; divisions
of corolla revolute. h . S. Native of the Circars, chiefly in
gardens, hedges, &c. near villages ; and of Nipaul on Bheem-
pedi. Delile, fl. egypt. p. 47. t. 19. f. 1—2. Vidi-Marum,
Rheed. mal. 4. t. 37. Sebestena officinalis, Gajrtn. fruct. 1. p.
363. t. 76. Cornus sanguinea, Forsk. descr. p. 33. ex Vahl.
symb. 1. p. 19. Sebestena domestica, or C. officinalis, Lam.
ill. p. 420. no. 1895. t. 96. f. 2. Myxa, Commel, hort. 1. p.
139. Prilnus Sebestena, &c. Plukn. aim. 306. t. 217. f. 3. C.
domestica, Roth. Sebestena domestica, Prosp. Alp. segypt.
p. 30. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 198. Priinus Sebestena Mathioli,
Plukn. aim. p. 306. t. 217. f. 2. Trunk generally crooked.
Branches numerous, spreading, and bent in every direction,
forming a dense shady head. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and
from 1^ to 2 broad. Biacteas none. Calyx not in the least
striated. Drupe globular, smooth, size of a cherry, yellow; pulp
transparent, viscid, containing a sub-tetragonal, 4-celled nut,
which is cordate at both ends ; the cells rarely all fertile. The
smell of the nut when cut is heavy and disagreeable, the taste of
the kernels like that of fresh filberts. The fruit is not used
medicinally among the Circars, but when ripe is eaten by the
natives : the pulp is of a sweetish taste. The dried fruit
is the Sebeslena of the Materia Medica. The Telinga name
of the tree is Ncckra, the Hindoostan one Lusora or Lesoora,
and the Bengal name is Bohoori. Linnaeus erroneously describes
this plant as having a 10-striped calyx.
Myj:a Sepistan. Clt. 1644. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
45 C. swave'olens (Blum, bijdr. p. 843.) leaves alternate,
ovate, or ovate-oblong, bluntish, a little attenuated at the base,
nearly equal, quite entire, or somewhat repandly angled, glab-
rous above, but tomentose in the axils of tlie nerves beneath ;
corymbs terminal ; flowers spicate, secund ; tube of corolla
inclosed in the calyx, which is campanulate, without furrows,
and downy outside. T^ . S. Native of Java, on the west
side, in mountain woods. Allied to C. I'ndica, and C. domestica.
Sncet-scented Cordia. Fl. Oct. Tree 40 feet.
46 C. Bantame'nsis (Blum, bijdr. p. 843.) ultimate leaves
3 in a whorl, oval, bluntish, almost quite entire, coriaceous,
glabrous above, and tomentose beneath ; corymbs terminal,
dichotomous, divaricate ; calyx without a furrow-, 3-5-toothed.
\> . S. Native of Java, near Tjikandie, where it is called Kandal.
Bantam Cordia. Fl. Dec. Tree 30 feet.
47 C. Wallichii ; leaves broad, ovate-roundish, triple-
nerved, acute, glabrous above, and densely clothed with tomen-
tum beneath ; corymbs lateral and terminal, dichotomous ;
calyx campanulate, downy, irregularly toothed ; genitals exserted.
Ij . S. Native of the East Lidies. Cordia tomentosa, Wall,
cat. no. 897, but not of Cham. Allied to C. Myxa.
Wallic/i's Cordia. Shrub.
48 C. poly'gama (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 337.) leaves ovate-
cordate, entire, scabrous ; panicles terminal, in the male more
divided; flowers polygamous ; the male ones generally tetran-
drous ; tiie hermaphrodite ones often pentandrous ; filaments in
the male flowers as long as the corolla, in the hermaphrodite
flowers shorter ; calyx narrow, campanulate, 4-5-toothed, vil-
lous; corolla funnel-shaped, 4-5-eleft, with linear revolute seg-
ments, t; . S. Native of the mountains of Coromandel.
Trunk short. Young shoots terete, scabrous. Leaves from
ovate to cordate, entire, or slightly scollop-toothed, when young
soft and villous, 1-6 inches long, and about 3-fourths of that
broad. Panicles pubescent. Flowers small, white. Drupes
oval, size of a black currant, smooth, when ripe yellow, contain-
ing a 4-celled putamen ; pulp mucilaginous, as in C. Myxa.
Polygamous-dowered Cordia. Tree middle-sized.
49 C. MONoicA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 43. t. 58. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1072.) leaves ovate, toothed, scabrous ; corymbs axillary
and terminal, with many male flowers ; drupe pointed, containing
a 4- celled nut ; calyx, corolla, and genitals as in the genus.
Ij . S. Native chiefly in the Circar forests. Small tree. Leaves
about 3 inches long, and 2 broad. Panicles dichotoinous, com-
posed of short, recurved, one-ranked spikes. Flowers white.
Drupe size of a cherry, yellow, pulpy. Stigmas bifid, acute.
7l/ci)!a?cJoui-flowered Cordia. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1799.
Tree small.
50 C. serra'ta (Juss. ex Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 333.) tender
parts hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, serrated ; co-
rymbs lateral ; flowers usually octandrous, with from 7 to 9-
cleft corolla ; calyx sub-cylindrical, 3-5-toothed. ^ . S. Na-
tive of Travancore. Branches numerous, spreading in every
direction. Leaves rather harsh, with few hairs, 4-6 inches
long, and from 2 to 4 broad. Corymbs dichotomous. Flowers
white, middle-sized. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, length of
calyx ; limb about 8-cleft ; seginents oblong, recurved. Fila-
ments hairy, inserted in the tube of the corolla below its mid-
dle. Perhaps the saine as C. serrata, Juss. ex Poir. diet. 7.
p. 41.
Serratcd-\en\eA Cordia. Tree.
51 C. gra'ndis (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 335.) leaves round-cor-
date, obtuse, entire, scabrous, somewhat triple-nerved ; panicles
terminal, drooping ; flowers tetramerous, tetrandrous ; drupe
containing a 4-celled nut, 2 or 3 of the cells usually abortive,
fj . S. Native of Chittagong. Cordia obliqua. Herb. Madr.
Leaves rounded, or retuse at the base ; the apex acute or
obtuse, often remotely toothed. Ramifications of the panicle
many times dichotomous, those with the petioles and young leaves
are beset with rusty villi. Calyx with an even surface, and 4-
toothed mouth. Drupe dirty yellow, smooth, slightly-depressed
at apex, half an inch long, supported by the enlarged, many-
toothed, striated calyx ; pulp gelatinous. Leaves often a foot
long. Perhaps belonging to section Gerascdnthus.
Great-leaved Cordia. Tree.
52 C. angustifolia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 238.) leaves nearly
opposite, lanceolate, obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or emarginate,
scabrous ; panicles terminal, corymbose ; flowers tetramerous
and tetrandrous ; calyx campanulate, obscurely 4-toothed ;
corolla having the tube longer than the calyx, and the limb of
4 linear revolute divisions. h . S. Native of Mysore. C.
reticulata. Roth. nov. spec. 124. Trunk short; brandies nume-
rous, spreading in every direction, often drooping. Leaves 4
inches long by one broad. Flowers small, white. Stamens 4,
inserted just below the divisions of the corolla. Drupe size of
a large pea, round, smooth, yellow ; when ripe the pulp is yel-
low, gelatinous, and pellucid ; putamen 4-celled, though seldom
more than one of the cells comes to maturity.
Narrow-leaved Cordia. Clt. 1820. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
53 C. acumina ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 339.) glab-
rous, smooth ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated, entire ; corymbs
terminal, short, dichotomous ; flowers with funnel-shaped corol-.
las, and deeply divided calyxes. Ij . S. Native of Silhet,
where it is called Ramulti. Cordia reflexa, Rcem. at Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 800. Leaves about 5 inches long, smooth. Corymbs
oval, rather downy, composed of unilateral spikes of small
white flowers. Corolla having the tube twice as long as the
calyx ; segments of the limb lanceolate, ciliated, recurved, or
bent backwards. Stamens elevated above the throat.
Acuminated Cordia. Tree middle-sized.
3 c 2
380
CORDIACE^. I. CoRDtA.
54 C. OBLiftUA (Willd. pliyt. 1. p. 4. no. 16. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves
roundish-cordate, nervosely veined, oblique. Ij . S. Native of
the East Indies. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1072. C. Myxa, y, Poir.
diet. 7. p. 40. Nearly allied to C. Myxa, and probably only
a variety of that species. Leaves quite entire, not repand.
Calyx not striated. Stamens exserted.
06%Me-leaved Cordla. Clt. 1818. Tree.
55 C. spine'scens (Lin. mant. 20G. syst. 230.) leaves ovate,
serrated, scabrous above, and tomentose beneath ; old petioles
permanent, spinescent ; racemes axillary, simple or bifid, fili-
form, length of leaves ; calyx campanulate, obsoletely 5-toothed ;
corolla campanulate, 5-toothed, twice as long as the calyx ;
stigmas acute. \ . S. Native of the East Lidies. Branches
strict, tomentose, rusty. Leaves size of those of the cherry-
tree. Fruit sessile, black, size of currants.
Spinescent-'pei\o\ei\ Cordia. Clt. 1824. Tree 40 to CO feet.
56 C. Sine'nsis (Lam. ill. no. 1914. Poir. diet. 7. p. 49.)
leaves oblong, obtuse, villous in the axils of the veins ; panicles
lateral and terminal, shorter than the leaves ; calyx glabrous,
hardly striated, campanulate, with 4-5 sliort, obtuse lobes ;
corolla funnel-shaped, twice as large as the calyx ; drupe small,
ovate, containing a 2-celled putamen. Vi . G. Native of China.
Leaves elliptic, entire, 2-3 inches long. Branches of panicle
glabrous, divaricate, dichotomous, usually recurved. Corolla
white.
China Cordia, Tree or shrub.
57 C. In'dica (Lam. ill. no. 1913. Poir. diet. 7. p. 49.)
leaves ovate, naked, obtuse, or acutish, entire, membranous ;
panicles terminal and lateral, elongated, composed of short pen-
dulous racemes ; flowers on short pedicels ; calyx campanulate,
with a torn mouth ; tube of corolla inclosed ; drupe containing
a 2-celled nut. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, Sonnerat.
Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 2
broad, paler beneath ; petioles 1^ inch long. Corolla small,
with a short spreading limb. Drupe small, ovate.
Indian Cordia. Tree or shrub.
58 C. panicula'ta (Roth. nov. spec. p. 124.) leaves round-
ish-ovate, somewhat emarginate at the base, and rather une-
qual, pilose above on the midrib and veins, entire ; panicle
terminal, composed of alternate, sub-corymbose branches ;
flowers sub-secund ; calyxes smooth. T? . S. Native of the
East Indies. Leaves obtuse at both ends, quite glabrous
beneath. Calyx beset with minute pili. Like most of the
species of Cordia the calyx increases much in size after flores-
cence, but in subst.-ince is coriaceous, and its form more campa-
nulate, inclosing the fruit in the manner of the cup in acorns.
Pan/c7crf-flowered Cordia. Tree.
* * * Species natives of Africa.
59 C. crena'ta (Delile, fl. aegypt. p. 51. t. 20.) leaves ovate
or rhomboid, glabrous on both surfaces, crenately serrated at
the apex ; cymes terminal ; stigmas filiform. 1; . S. Native
of Egypt. Cordia Myxa, Forsk. arab. p. 03. no 136. Sebes-
tena sylvestre, Nep. egypt. 17. t. 8. Branches twiggy. Leaves
same colour on both surfaces. Flowers scent of Jasmine. Calyx
tubular, 4-5-toothed. Putamen 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded.
Crenatcd-\e<i\ eA Cordia. Shrub or tree.
60 C. Senegale'nsis (Juss. ex Poir. diet. 7. p. 47.) leaves
membranous, ovate, acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces,
quite entire, reticulately veined ; panicles witli short branches,
which are hardly longer than the petioles ; flowers on short
pedicels, tetrandrous ; corolla 4-cleft ; calyx trifid. It. S.
Native of Senegal, Adanson. A quite glabrous shrub, with
slender, black, terete branches. Leaves alternate, 4-5 inches
long, and 3 broad. Probablv a distinct genus.
Senegal Cordia. Tree 20 feet.
Sect. II. Gebascanthus (from yripnaKw, gerasco, to grow
old ; and aiflot, anthos, a flower ; probably in reference to the
hoary appearance of the flowers.) Calyx 10-striped, or 10-rib-
bed. Flowers large, corymbose. Cerdana, Ruiz, et Pav.
61 C. Gerasca'nthus (Jacq. amer. p. 43. t. 175. f. 16. pict.
t. 259. f. 12. Swartz. obs. 86. Lin. spec. 273.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acute, quite entire, glabrous ; racemes terminal, aggre-
gate; flowers verticillate, sessile ; calyx 10-furrowed, 10-striped,
downy, 5-toothed ; limb of corolla 5-cleft ; throat villous; sta-
mens length of corolla. V^ . S. Native of the West Indies, in
woods; and of Mexico, near Acapulco. Lam. ill. t. 96. f. 2. —
Brown, jam. p. 107. t. 29. f. 3. Leaves unequal at the base, 3-4
inches long. Racemes usually 4 together, 3-4 inches long.
Flowers verticillate ; whorls distant. Corolla funnel-shaped,
white ; tube longer than the calyx ; lobes of limb roundish.
Stamens hardly exserted. There is a variety of this species with
hexamerous hexandrous flowers. This is esteemed one of the
best timber trees in Jamaica, of which it is a native. The wood
is of a dark brown colour, and gently striped ; it is tough and
elastic, of a fine grain, and easily worked. It is called Spanish
elm or Prince wood by the English, and Bois de chypre by the
French. The leaves of the Jamaica tree are said to be rather
scabrous. The plant of Jacquin differs from that of H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 54. Poir, ency. 7. p. 42. t. 96. f. 2, and
Browne, jam. 170. t. 29. f. 3, in tlie leaves, young branches,
and inflorescence being beset with stellate hairs, not glabrous ;
in the leaves being lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends,
not obtuse at the base ; in the stamens being equal in length
to the segments of the corolla, not inclosed. We therefore
propose to call the plant of Kunth C. Kunthei, should it prove
distinct.
Spa7iish-chn, or Grey Cordia. Fl. May. Clt. 1789. Tree
30 feet.
62 C. GERAscANTHOiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. &9.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, quite
entire, glabrous, shining above ; panicles terminal, spreading ;
flowers pedicellate, solitary ; calyx 10-furrowed, 10-striped,
hispid, 2-4-toothed : teeth acute ; limb of corolla sub-quin-
quefid, with a glabrous throat, and roundish lobes. T? . S.
Native of Mexico, about Acapulco. Branches wrinkled, white,
glabrous. Panicle clothed with fuscous tomentum. Corolla
funnel-shaped, white. Genitals exserted.
Gerascanlhus-Ukc Cordia. Tree 30 feet.
63 C. ll'tea (Lam. ill. no. 1897. Poir. diet. 7. p. 45.)
leaves ovate, obtuse, crenated above ; corymbs lateral and
terminal ; caly.K 10-furrowed, 10-striped, ovate-cylindrical : with
4 ovate, short teeth, having white, scarious margins : corolla
funnel-shaped, having the tube length of the calyx, the limb
rather large, of 6-8 segments ; stamens 8, villous at the base ;
drupe ovate, acute, containing a 2-4-celled nut. fj . S. Native
of Peru, about Lima and Huanaca. C. Myxa, Lin. spec. 273.
syst. p. 230. mat. med. 67.? Branches glabrous, but downy
towards the top. Leaves scabrous on both surfaces, beset with
white dots above, when young downy beneath. Corymbs small,
clothed with cinereous or yellowish tomentum ; peduncles very
short. Corolla yellow. Drupe white.
le/Zoji'-flowered Cordia. Tree.
64 C. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Ruiz. et. Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 24. t. 148.
f. a. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 70.) leaves roundish-
elliptic, obtuse at both ends, a little denticulated, scabrous
above, and clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles
dichotomously corymbose, many-flowered ; flowers sessile ;
calyx furrowed, downy ; limb of corolla 6-cleft ; throat rather
CORDIACEiE. I. CoRDiA.
381
pilose. ^ . S. Native of Peru, in flats at the bottom of the
Andes, near Santa and Chala. C. ICuea, Lam. ill. 1. p. 421. no.
1897.? Pavonia lutea, Dombey, herb.? — Prilnus Sebestena,
Plukn. aim. p. 306.? phyt. t. 217. f. 2. ? Young branches vil-
lous. Flowers large, sessile, yellow. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube
length of calyx ; segments ovate, acute. Stamens 5-8, villous
at the base. Drupe half inclosed, ovate, acuminated, containing
a 5- furrowed, 2-celled putamen. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 2
broad. Teeth of calyx acute.
Round-leaved Cordia. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
G5 C. Cerda NA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 467.) clothed
with stellate down in all parts ; leaves oblong and ovate ; pani-
cles terminal ; stamens equal in length to the segments of the
corolla. Vi . S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Pozuzo and
Munna. Cerd^na alliodora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 47. t.
184. Pers. ench. 1. p. 167. A tall tree, with fetid bark,
smelling of garlic.
Cerdana Cordia. Tree.
66 C. Sellowia'na ; leaves large, narrow, ovate, or elliptic,
or rather oblong, obtuse, or subcordate at the base, acute, or
acuminated at apex, very much wrinkled, scabrous above, and
hairy along the midrib, but clothed with soft hairs or pubescence
beneath, having the margins reflexed and unequally subsinuated ;
cymes or corymbs sessile, smaller than the leaves, composed of
3 main branches ; branches 2-3 times forked ; spikes dense-
flowered ; calyx tubular, obconical, 10-striped ; corolla salver-
shaped : tube length of calyx : limb 5-cleft : divisions narrow,
elliptic, obtuse, one-half as long as the tube, fj . S. Native of
tropical Brazil, Sello. C. grandis, Cham, et Schlecht in Linnaa,
4. p. 473, but not of Roxb. Branches terete, but clothed with
fuscescent hairs, and rather angular and striated while young.
Largest leaves almost a foot long, and 4^ inches broad, on short
petioles. Calyx 3-5-toothed ; teeth roundish, mucronate. Sta-
mens exserted, villous at the base. Fruit not seen.
Sello's Cordia. Tree.
67 C. TOMENTosA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea, 4. p 472.)
leaves ovate, or elliptic, to ovate and obovate, rarely oblong,
acuminated, acute, usually acute at the base, and drawn out
a little into the petioles, rarely obtuse, generally unequal, clothed
beneath with dirty, canescent, adpressed tomentum, as well as
the young shoots, inflorescence, and calyxes, but beset with a
few starry hairs on the upper surface ; calyx 4 lines long ;
limb of corolla 5-cleft : segments rounded at top ; stamens
about a third part shorter than the segments of the corolla.
^ . S. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. This species
is said to difTer from C. Cerdana, in the larger flowers, in the
stamens being shorter than the corolla, in the hairs being stel-
late and much more crowded, in the leaves being broader and
shorter, &c. There is also a variety of this with narrower
leaves.
Tomentose Cordia. Tree.
68 C. iNsioNis (Cham, in Linnaea, 8. p. 122) leaves elliptic
and obovate, acuminated, glabrous above, clothed with simple
fuscous tomentum beneath, on short petioles; panicles terminal,
sub-fast igiate, tomentose ; calyx nearly sessile, cylindrical,
deeply 10-furrowed, nearly an inch long : teeth unequal ;
corolla funnel-shaped, with a 5-cleft limb, and rounded, obtuse
segments ; stamens inclosed in the throat. I; . S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, Lhotzky and Sello.
Branches irregularly many-angled, smootliish ; angles obtuse ;
bark separating. Largest leaves 7|^ inches long, and 3^ broad.
Inflorescence somewhat cymose, smaller and denser than in
C. Gerascanlhus, hardly exceeding the leaves. Calyx clothed
with velvety tomentum both inside and outside. Corolla with a
short tube and wide limb. Stamens villous at the base. Ova-
rium obpyramidal, with a flattish top.
Showy Cordia. Tree.
6!> C. calyptra'ta (Bertero ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 649.)
leaves roundish, sub-attenuated at the base, toothed, rough from
dots above, scabrous beneath, veiny ; calyx furrowed, truncate ;
corolla sub-rotate, wide ; flowers polygamous. Vi . S. Native
of South America, at St. Martha.
Calyplrate Cordia. Shrub or Tree.
70 C. TiNiFOLiA (VVilld. herb. no. 457. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 799.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; inflores-
cence capitate ; calyxes clothed with simple tomentum ; tube of
corolla twice as long as the calyx ; limb funnel-shaped, 5-lobed :
lobes dilated, short, somewhat emarginate ; stamens short, in-
closed in the throat. ^ . S. Native of South America. Leaves
4 inches long, and 1| broad. Heads of flowers dense, globose,
size of a walnut. Diameter of the limb of the corolla 9 lines.
Perhaps only a variety of C. Gerascanlhus.
Tinus-leaved Cordia. Tree.
71 C. ? DUBiosA (Blum, bijdr. 844.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
bluntly acuminated, acutish at the base, setaceously serrated ;
serratures bearded, smooth above, and beset with a few hairs
beneath ; fructiferous calyx striated, tubular. fj . S. Native
of Java, in the province of Bantam, in the woods of Tjian-
gassa.
Dubious Cordia. Tree.
72 C. Cujabe'nsis (Manso et Lhotzky, fl. matto-grosso
cujab. 2. no. 13.) leaves larger than those of C. Gerascanlhus,
Jacq. ; elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, acute at both ends,
clothed with stellate down or tomentum beneath, and rather
scabrous above ; inflorescence, flowers, and the rest, as in C.
Gerascanlhus, Jacq. ; of which it is perhaps only a mere variety.
Ij . S. Native of Brazil.
Cujabo Cordia. Tree or shrub.
73 C. Ciiamissonia'na ; leaves petiolate, large, broad-ovate,
acute, rather wrinkled, scabrous above, and hairy beneath ;
panicles axillary, sessile, decompound, exceeding the leaves,
having the rachi clothed with fuscous tomentum ; calyx short,
tubular, subglobose, rather velvety and canescent, obscurely
10-striped, 5-toothed : teeth short, bluntish, beset with silky
hairs inside at top ; corolla glabrous, salver-shaped, equal in
length to the tube of the calyx, with narrow, spreading, or
ratlier reflexed segments ; stamens exserted, inserted in the
throat of the corolla, which is villous. Jj . S. Native of
Brazil, Sello. C. latifolia, Cham, in Linnfea, 8. p. 126, but not
of Roxb. Very nearly allied to C. grandis, Cham, in Linnsea,
4. p. 473.
Chamisso's Cordia. Tree.
74 C. denta'ta ( Vahl. eclog. amer. 3. p. 5. Poir. diet. 7. p. 48.)
leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, denticulated, scabrous above, and
downy beneath ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous, diffiise ; flow-
ers glomerate, sessile ; calyx downy, 4-toothed, sulcately stri-
ated, with bluntish teeth ; limb of corolla 5-cleft ; throat pilose.
^2 ■ S. Native of New Andalusia, near Cumana and Bordones,
in open places ; and of Mexico, near Actopan. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 70. Tree much branched ; branches
terete, hoary. Leaves 2-3 inches long ; petioles warted. Co-
rymb downy. Flowers nearly sessile. Corolla funnel-shaped,
white. Stamens hardly exserted. Drupe oblong, girded by the
calyx at the base, size of a grain of Indian corn, containing a
4-celled putamen, 3 of which are abortive.
7'oo?/;c(/-leaved Cordia. Tree 20 feet.
75 C. scabe'rrima (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
71.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, wrinkled, serrated,
scabrous on both surfaces ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous;
flowers sessile, glomerate ; calyx striated ? hispid, f; . S.
Native of Peru, between Lucarqiie and Ayavaca, at the al-
titude of 1300 hexapods. Branches terete, glabrous, but whde
382
CORDIACEyE. I. CoRDiA.
young tetragonal and scabrous. Corymb strigose. Corolla
white.
Very scabrous Cordia. Tree.
76 C. micra'ntha (Svvartz, prod. p. 47. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
460.) leaves elliptic, acute, entire, membranous, hairy beneath ;
racemes compound, loose ; calyx short, glabrous, striated ; sta-
mens exserted. Pj . S. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the
mountains. Nearly allied to C. collococca ; but the leaves are
less attenuated at the base and apex, hispid beneath ; racemes
small, and flowers much smaller. Branches glabrous, wrinkled,
grey. Leaves dark green, and shining above, paler beneath,
attenuated at the base, obtuse or acuminated.
Small-Jlowercd Covdia. Fl. ? Clt. 1822. Tree 30 feet.
77 C. L.EViGA^TA (Lam. ill. no. 1912. Poir. diet. 7. p. 46.)
leaves ovate, veiny, shining, rather scabrous ; panicles lateral
and terminal, longer than the leaves, glabrous ; calyx glabrous,
or rather scabrous, striated ; corolla salver-shaped, or subcam-
panulate ; stamens villous at the base, shorter than the corolla.
(j . S. Native of the Antilles ?, Richard. Branches slender,
nodose, grey, terete. Leaves roundish, entire, obtuse, or acute,
attenuated at the base, rather small, coriaceous, pale beneath.
Corollas like those of Ehrilia tinifilia ; with the lobes of the
limb ovate, obtuse. " Cymes many times dichotomous. Drupe
globose," ex Cham.
Smooth Cordia. Shrub or tree.
Sect. IIL Varronia (so named by Browne, from Marcus
Tarrentius Varro, a learned Roman, author of a treatise de Re
Rustica. He died in the year 27.) Flowers small, glomerate,
capitate or spicate, always pentamerous, pentandrous, and her-
maphrodiate. Throat of corolla pilose. Calycine segments
acute, or subulately setaceous. Leaves on short petioles.- — •
Varronia, Browne, jam. t. 13. f. 2. Lin. gen. no. 258. Jacq.
amer. p. 40.
§. 1. Cymos.e. Cymes glomerate at the time of flores-
cence, but evolute in the fruit-bearing state. Calycine teeth
acute.
78 C. Bi'scoLOR (Chain, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p. 482.)
leaves nearly opposite, ovate, obtuse at the base to ovate-lanceo-
late, acute at the base, or all acute, unequally and coarsely
toothed, or almost entire, strij^ose on both surfaces : the hairs
beneath tomeiitose, fine, adpressed, and of a lurid rust-co-
lour, mixed with striga; ; cymes 2-3 times bifid, nearly capi-
tate ; spikes secund, dense ; flowers usually pentamerous, rarely
tetramerous ; calyx obconically campanulate : teeth acute, erect,
glabrous inside ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, bluntly
5-lobed, glabrous outside, villous inside ; stamens inclosed. 1^ .
S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic, at Rio Janeiro, Sello.
Branches tei-ete ; young shoots tomentose. Largest leaves 2
inches long, and 10 lines broad, equal to the internodes. Cymes
strigose. Calyx tomentose outside. Ovarium globose, inclosed
in the calyx, 2-celled, having the calycine teeth conniving over
its vertex.
Tn'o-coloured-\ea\eA Cordia. Shrub.
79 C. URTiciFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p. 483.)
leaves ovate, subacuminated, acute, obtuse at the base, coarsely,
simply, and dovibly serrated, hairy beneath, and beset with
fewer, shorter piii above, scabrous from short pili along the
margins ; cymes 2-3 times bifid ; calyx cup-shaped or campa-
nulate, hairy, ciliated, glabrous inside, 5-toothed : teeth acute,
erect, acuminated ; corolla tubularly campanulate ; limb bliuitly
5-lobed, glabrous outside, and villous inside ; stamens inclosed,
f? . S. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Young shoots
and inflorescence beset with spreading rufescent hairs. Leaves
on short petioles, longer than the internodes, 3 inches long, and
1| broad. Branches axillary, alternate, cymiferous, forming a
leafy panicle at the tops of the branches. Corolla 2 lines long.
Drupe ovate, inclosed in the calyx, with the top alone free ;
putamen of drupe usually 1 -celled, 1 -seeded from abortion.
NetUe-leaved Cordia. Shrub.
80 C. HERMANNiyEFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht, 4. p. 484.)
leaves nearly opposite, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, with the base
sometimes obtuse, and sometimes acute ; sometimes bluntisb,
and sometimes acute at the apex, simply, or obsoletely doubly
serrated on the margins ; serratures acute or obtuse, granular
above, and beset with short white strigaj between the nerves,
scabrous along the margins, but clothed with longer, softer hairs
beneath ; cymes terminal, nearly sessile ; calyx sub-campanu-
late, 5-toothed : teeth erect, acute, thicker, and acuminated at
apex, glabrous inside ; corolla tubularly campanulate, glabrous
outside : tube villous inside : limb length of tube, bluntly 5-
lobed ; stamens villous at the base, inclosed. Ij . S. Native of
Brazil. Shrub much branched. Leaves on short petioles, \\
inch long, and \ inch broad, larger than the internodes. Branches
axillary, cymiferous, each furnished with a leaf. This species
comes very near C, discolor, but the tomentum and hairs are
larger.
Var. fj, cahjcina (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 486.) habit more
slender and loose ; leaves usually alternate, longer and broader,
shorter than the internodes ; inflorescence more loose ; flowers
a little larger ; teeth of calyx mor§ prolonged ; tube of corolla
smoothish inside ; anthers exserted, exceeding the corolla. (j .
S. Native of Brazil, in humid places ; and of Mexico, at Ha-
cienda de La Laguna. Perhaps a proper species.
H ermannia-leaved Cordia. Shrub.
81 C. bifurca'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 466.) leaves
alternate, and nearly opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated
upwards ; peduncles umbellately cymose, composed of unilateral,
few-flowered, small racemes or spikes ; calyx 5-toothed. Ij .
S. Native of Peru, in stony places. Varronia bifureuta, Ruiz.
et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 24. t. 146. f. a. Desv. jonrn. bot. 1. p.
280. no. 26. Branches rather angular while young. Leaves
on short petioles. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Corolla
white, about half the length of the calyx. Stigmas 4, spread-
ing. Drupe ovate, scarlet, half inclosed in the calyx; nuts 1-
celled by abortion. Genitals inclosed ?
Bifurcate-coxymheA Cordia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
82 C. PARViFLORA ; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated ; pedun-
cles opposite the leaves, and alternating with them ; spikes glo-
bose. I7 . S. Native of Peru ? Varronia parviflora, Ort. dec.
7. p. 86. Pers. ench. 1. p. 167. Perhaps the same as C.
bifurcaln.
Siiiall-Jlorvercd Cordia. Shrub or tree.
83 C. Loure'iri (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 466.) leaves
on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, opposite and
alternate, shining ; peduncles lateral and terminal, many-flow-
ered ; calyx short, 5-cleft ; stamens about equal in length to
the corolla, inserted in the mouth of the tube. T^ . G. Native
of China. Varronia Sinensis, Lour. coch. p. 138. ed. Willd.
I. p. 171. Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 280. no. 27. Calyx sub-
campanulate. Corolla white, campanulate, with a short thick
tube, and a 5-parted limb ; segments ovate, spreading, equal.
Drupe small, ovate, glabrous, red, acid, edible, containing a
4-celled nut.
Loureiro's Cordia. Tree middle-sized.
84 C. a'lba (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 466.) leaves
ovate, toothed, subcordate at the base ; cymes \ a foot in dia-
meter ; calyx entire, bursting from which the corolla lies in a
horizontal manner ; stigmas obtuse. h . S. Native of Cura-
CORDIACEyE. I. ConniA.
38:{
90a, and about Carthagena. Varronia alba, Jacq. amer. p. 41.
ed. pict. p. 25. Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 280. no. 28. — Commel.
hort. 1. p. 155. t. 86.— Calabura alba, Plukn. pbyt. t. 152. f. 4.
A tree witli a tufted head ; trunk half a foot in diameter ; but
shrubby in the hedges. Leaves 4-5 inches long, ovate, or
roundish-ovate. Flowers white. Limb of corolla campanulate.
Drupe large, oblong, whitish, subpellucid ; pulp white, sweet,
clammy ; nut striated, oblong, blackish, Jacq.
/r/(i?e-fruited Cordia. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet.
§ 2. Dasyce'phal;e. Spikes capitate, g-lobose. Throat of
corolla pilose.
* Calyclne teeth acute.
85 C. Mariquite'xsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
75.) leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, remotely and crenately ser-
rated towards the apex, wrinkled, scabrous above, and clothed
with rusty tomentum beneath ; spikes subglobose, lateral, pe-
dunculate ; calyx strigose ; throat of corolla pilose ; stamens
exserted. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, betwixt the towns
of Honda and Mariquita, in rocky places. Varronia lanceolata,
Willd. herb. no. 4546. fol. 2. Branches terete, glabrous, brown.
Leaves on short petioles, nearly opposite, acuminated, acute at
the base, 1 to 1 ^ inches long. Spikes sometimes bifid, size of a
pea. Corolla funnel-shaped, twice as long as the calyx. Drupe
ovate-obtuse, half covered by the calyx, glabrous.
Mariquito Cordia. Shrub.
86 C. pa'tens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 75.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, remotely and
sharply denticulated, scabrous from strigae above, but clothed
with fuscescent tomentum beneath ; spikes globose, axillary and
terminal, on long pedimcles, spreading ; calyx hispid from
strigae ; throat of corolla villous ; stamens exserted. ^ . S.
Native of New Andalusia, in temperate places betwixt Guana-
guana and the monastery of Caripe, at the altitude of 400
hexapods ; as well as of Brazil. Young branches terete,
densely clothed with fuscescent hairs, as well as the petioles and
peduncles. Leaves 3 inches, and longer, on short petioles.
Corolla funnel-shaped, white, twice as long as the calyx ; limb
nearly entire. Spikes size of a sloe. Drupe unkno*vn.
Var. a, monociphala (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p.
486.) head of flowers always solitary. (5 . S. Native of Bra-
zil, within the tropic, .Sello.
far. ji, jwhjcepliala (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) heads of flowers
usually by threes, the lateral 2 approximating the terminal one,
on short peduncles. Ij . S. Native of tropical Brazil, Sello.
Stamens hardly exserted. Drupe glabrous, covered by the
calyx, but with the vertex free.
Spreading Cordia. Tree 15 feet.
87 C. SERRATIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. e. p. 76.) leaves ob-
long, acuminated, narrowly cuneated at the base, sharply and
coarsely serrated, scabrous above, pubescent and canescent be-
neath ; spikes globose, lateral, pedunculate; calyx strigose;
throat of corolla pilose; stamens exserted. h . S. Native of
Mexico, near Campeche. Branches terete, clothed with hair-
like down. Leaves petiolate, about 3 inches long. Spikes size
of a pea. Peduncles downy. Corolla funnel-shaped, white.
Drupe not seen.
5't"rr«/f;(/-leaved Cordia. Tree or shrub.
88 C. lanceola'ta (Desv. in journ. bot. 1. p. 277.
under Varronia. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 75.)
leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, crenately-serrated, wrinkled,
hispid above, but clothed with hoary pubescence or tomen-
tum beneath ; spikes globose, pedunculate, lateral ; calyx stri-
gose; stamens exserted? Tj . S. Native of New Granada,
near the city of Honda. Branches terete, hispid from striga'.
Leaves on short petioles, entire at the base, 1 inch long, and 2-a
lines broad. Spikes globose, size of a large pea. Peduncles
downy. Calyx campanulate, clothed with hoary tomentum.
Drupe globose, glabrous, inclosed in the calyx, 1-celled, 1-
seeded.
ZaHceoZa/e-leaved Cordia. Tree or shrub.
89 C. LIMA (Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 278. no. 24. under Var-
ronia) leaves ovate, obscurely toothed, scrobiculate, pubescent
beneath ; spikes capitate, few-flowered, on short peduncles.
t; . S. Native of .St. Domingo.
RaspAeaved Cordia. Tree or shrub.
90 C. linea'ta (Desv. 1. c. p. 278. no. 23. under Varronia)
leaves lanceolate-linear, acuminated, serrated, tomentose be-
neath, scabrous above ; spikes peduncidate, lateral and axillary ;
peduncles elongated, adnate to the petioles, naked. T; . S.
Native of Jamaica. Varronia lineata, Lin. amoen. acad. 5. p.
394. Swartz, obs. p. 87. Varronia polycephala, Lam. ill. no.
1887.? ex Poir. diet. 4. p. 263. no. 2. Varronia corymbosa,
Desf tabl. jard. par. 171. Lantana corymbosa, Lin. spec. p. 628.
— Plukn. aim. p. 395. t. 328. f. 5. Branches rather pilose.
Leaves on short petioles, serrated by some crenatures. Spikes
globose. Peduncles rather villous. Corolla funnel-shaped.
itneii Cordia. Clt. 1793. Shrub or tree.
91 C. hu'milis ; leaves roundish, equal ; fruit 2-seeded. V} .
S. Native of Carthagena. Varronia hirmilis, Jacq. amer. p.
41. — Brown, jam. p. 172. t. 13. f. 2. This is a very doubtful
species. Corolla tubular.
Drvarf CoyAIsl. Shrub 4 feet.
92 C. viLi.osA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 654.) leaves oblong, ob-
tuse, lined with veins, clothed with white villi on both surfaces,
undulately crenated ; heads terminal, few-flowered, on short
peduncles. f; . S. Native of St. Domingo, Bertero.
Villous Cordia. Shrub or tree.
93 C. ra'dula (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 654.) leaves oblong, ob-
tuse, attenuated at the base, stiff", wrinkled, hispid, shining
above ; heads few-flowered, nearly sessile, axillary ; calyx his-
pid. Tj . S. Native of Hispaniola. Varronia scaberrima,
Bertero.
/inri/j-leaved Cordia. Shrub or tree.
94 C. guazum«f6lia (Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 463.)
hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles, acute, toothed,
entire at the base, and rather oblifjue, hairy beneath, wrinkled,
and very veiny ; heads pedunculate, few-flowered, sub-corym-
bose. 1? . S. Native of Brazil. Varronia, Desv. in journ.
bot. 1. p. 276. no. 20. Branches alternate, terete, downy.
Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped. Teeth of calyx very short.
Guazuma-lcaicd Cordia. Shrub or tree.
95 C. crena'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 463.) stem
much branched, fuscous ; leaves ovate-roundish, crenated, veiny,
wrinkled, canescent beneath, rather hairy on both surfaces, but
most so beneath ; peduncles lateral, generally 4-flowered ; flow-
ers capitate, loose ; stamens exserted ? fj . S. Native of Peru.
Varronia crenata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 22. t. 146. f b.
Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 276. no. 19. Cordia lantanoides, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 653. Habit of a species of Lantana. Branches
spreading, terete, rather hairy while young. Leaves obtuse,
on short petioles. Peduncles a little longer than the leaves.
Calyx downy, blackish outside, and white inside. Corolla white,
plicate, a little longer than the calyx. Stigmas elongated.
Drupe red, ovate, girded by the calyx to the middle, containmg
a 1-celled, rarely 2-celled jnuamen.
Crena(e(/- leaved Cordia. Shrub 6 feet.
96 C. corymbosa ; scabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sca-
12
384
CORDIACE^. I. CoRuiA.
brous, entire at the base, serrated at top ; spikes globular, few-
flowered, disposed in a corymbose or cymose manner ; calyx
villous, elongated ; corolla campanulate ; stamens inclosed.
y^ . S. Native about Caraccas. Varronia corynibosa, Desv. in
journ. bot. 1. p. 275. no. 18. Schrad. new journ. 4. p. 80.
Varronia monosperma, Jacq. hort. sclioenbr. 1. t. 39. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1081. Varronia ulmifolia, Dum. Coiirs. bot. cult.
2. p. 148. Cordia monosperma, Roem. et Scliultes, syst. 4. p.
463. Varronia polycephala. Lam. ex Spreng. Cordia ulmi-
folia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 653. Brandies terete, brownish-
green. Leaves on short petioles, acute, deep green, 4 inches
long. Peduncles terminal, bifid, trifid, about an inch long.
Corolla dirty white, twice as long as the calyx ; limb unequal,
divided into many teeth. Stainens usually 6. Stigmas elongated,
flat. Drupe I'oundish, size of a pea, shining, deep red, contain-
ing an ovate, rough, brown 1 -celled nut, ex Jacq.
Coryjniose flowered Cordia. Clt. 1800. Shrub 12 feet.
* * Cahjcine leeth long, subulately selaceous. Throat of corolla
pilose.
97 C. dasyce'phala (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 462.)
leaves ovate-oblong, acuininated, narrowed at the base, coarsely
serrated, hispid from strigse on both surfaces ; heads terminal,
pedunculate; calyx tubular, glabrous: with subulately seta-
ceous pilose teeth ; throat of corolla pilose ; stamens exscrted ?
Tj . S. Native of New Andalusia, near Bordones and Cu-
mana, in humid places, where it is called by the natives Bre-
lonlca. Varronia dasycepliala, Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 274. no.
15. Cordia sphaerocephala, Humb. in Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 801. Branches terete, warted, strigose while young.
Leaves petiolate, 2 inches long. Heads of flowers round, size of
a cherry. Corolla funnel-shaped, with emarginate lobes. Very
nearly allied to C. globosa.
TItick-headcd Cordia. Shrub or tree.
98 C. GLOBOSA (Roein. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 464.) leaves
ovate-oblong, obtuse, deeply serrated, stifle, hispid from strigae
on both surtaces, but softer beneath ; heads globose, peduncu-
late, lateral ; calyx strigose : with subulately-setaceous teeth ;
corolla funnel-shaiied ; throat of corolla pilose ; stamens ex-
serted. Tj . S. Native of Cuba, near Regla and Havana ;
as well as of Jamaica, and other of the West India Islands. H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 76. Varronia globosa, Lin.
spec. 274. Jacq. amer. p. 41. Lam. ill. no. 1889. t. 95. f. 4.
exclusive of var. /3. Varronia bullata, Lin. spec. 274. Jacq.
amer. pict. 4. t. 43. Swartz, obs. 48. Desv. journ. bot. 1. p.
274. no. 14. Cordia bullata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 462.
Cordia pilulifera, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 801. Varronia
pilulifera, Willd. herb. — Sloane, hist. 2. t. 194. f. 2. Varronia
fruticosa, Browne, jam. t. 13. f. 2. " Steins dichotomous. Pe-
duncles naked from the forks of the stem," ex Lin. According
to Jacquin, it agrees with C. Marlinicensis in many points, but
differs from it in the globosity of the heads of flowers ; in the
segments of the corolla being emarginate, and in the blunt qua-
druple stigma.
G/o6osc-hcaded Cordia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
99 C. MiRABiLoroES (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 465.)
leaves ovate-oblong, on short petioles, hispid from stritrse on
both surfaces, serrated ; petioles inflexed and articulated at the
base ; heads of flowers roundish, simple or compound, pe-
dunculate ; calycine segments ovate at the base, ending each
in a long setaceous point ; corolla salver-shaped ; stamens ex-
serted. fj • S- Native of St. Domingo, in hedges, in the vici-
nity of Porto Prince. Varronia mirabiloides, Jacq. amer. p. 41.
t. 33. Lam. ill. no. 1886. Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1.
p. 465. Varronia geniculata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 167. Varronia
bullata, Cent. amer. 1. t. 55. ex Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 278 no.
25. Tournefortia serrata, Lin. spec. 201. — Plum. gen. 5. icon.
228. f. 1. and ft. gen. 5. t. 228. f. 2. Leaves 2 inches long.
Flowers size and figure of Mirdbilis Jalapa, white. Limb of
corolla flat, 5-rayed. Drupe size of a pea, covered by sweet
clammy pulp. Stigmas subulate, obtuse. Perhaps the same as
C. globosa, or a variety of it.
Mirabilis-l'ihe CoxAidi. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1798. Tree 3-6 feet.
100 C. Bonplandia'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
77.) leaves ovate, acuminated, narrowed at the base, doubly
crenated, scabrous from papillae above, but pilosely tomentose
and hoary beneath ; heads on short peduncles, axillary and late-
ral, crowded at the tops of the branches ; calyx hairy ; calycine
teeth subulately setaceous ; stamens exserted. Pj . S. Native
of the shore of Caraccas, near Porto Cabello. Varr6nia globu-
lifera, Willd. herb. no. 4541. C. Bonplandii, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 462. Varronia Bonplandii, Desv. journ. bot. 1. p.
275. no. 16. Branches hispid, terete. Leaves petiolate, 3-4
inches long. Heads of flowers size of a small cherry. Pedun-
cles hispid. Calyx campanulate. Corolla funnel-shaped, white ;
limb nearly entire. This is a very elegant plant.
Bonjiland's Cordia. Tree.
101 C. oRANDiFLORA (H. B. et Kuuth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
77. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 461.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, narrowed at the base, serrated, clothed with silky strigas
above, and dense fuscescent pili beneath ; heads globose, on
long peduncles, lateral ; calyx clothed with silky strigae, with
subulately setaceous teeth ; stamens inclosed. \ . S. Native
of tropical America, on the sandy banks of the river Apures,
near St. Fernando and Arichuna, in the province of Varinas.
Varronia grandiflora, Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 278. no. 12. Var-
ronia lantanoides, Willd. herb. no. 4543. Branches terete, stri-
gose. Leaves petiolate, 2 inches long, having the serratures
erect and mucronate. Heads globose, size of a cherry. Calyx
fuscescent. Corolla campanulate, tapering into a tube at the
base, white, 1^ inch; with an entire, revolute limb, and pilose
throat ? This is a very elegant species.
Great-flowered Cordia. Shrub.
102 C. microphy'lla (Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 463.)
leaves smalt, nearly sessile, entire, tridentate or 3-lobed at apex ;
heads few-flowered, sessile. fj . S. Native of New Spain.
Varronia microphylla, Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 275. no. 17.
Calycine teeth elongated. Corolla funnel-shaped or tubular.
Small-leaved Cordia. Shrub.
103 C. macroce'phala (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 77. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 462 ) leaves ovate-ob-
long, narrowed at both ends, acutish, crenated, clothed with
hoary tomentum on both surfaces, but most so beneath ; heads
globose, pedunculate, terminal and lateral ; calyx clothed with
rusty tomentum, with subulately setaceous teeth ; throat of
corolla rather pilose ; stamens exserted ? Tj . S. Native of the
Andes of Peru, near Cascas, ex H. B. et Kunth ; Brazil and
Mexico, ex Desv. Varronia macrocephala, Desv. journ. bot.
1. p. 274. no. 13. Branches clothed with hoary tomentum when
young, rather angular. Leaves petiolate, 2 inches long. Heads
of flowers size of a walnut. Peduncles clothed with hoary to-
mentimi, somewhat quadrangular. Corolla funnel-shaped, white,
twice as long as the calyx. Drupe containing a 1 -celled, 1-
seeded nut.
Lnrge-headed Cordia. Shrub or tree.
104 C. caloce'phala (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 4. p.
488. and 8. p. 129.) leaves broad, lanceolate, subcordate, ob-
tuse, crenated, canescent above and hoary beneath ; heads on
short peduncles, lateral and terminal, clothed with fuscescent
CORDIACE^. I. CoRDiA.
385
hairs ; calj'cine teeth setaceous, hairy. I7 . S. Native of tro-
pical Brazil, Sello. Leaves petiolate, 3 inches long' and 2h
broad. Branches obscurely angular, clothed with hairy tomen-
tum. Peduncles 2 inches long-. Drupe inclosed in the calyx.
Corolla smaller than those of C. maciocephala, to which species
it conies nearest. In both the tonientiim is stellate, according to
Cham. 1. c. Rachis of the head of flowers clavate.
Bcautiful-lteadcd Cordia. Shrub.
10.5 C. SEssiUFOiiA (Cham, et Sclilecht, 1. c.) leaves sessile,
lanceolate, acute, simply serrated, but sometimes the lower ones
are doubly and deeply serrated, so as to be almost pinnatifid,
hairy on both surfiiees, softer beneath ; heads pedunculate, ter-
minal and lateral, nearly globose ; calyx obconical, with some-
what setaceously acuminated teeth, hairy; segments of the corolla
2-lobcd : lobes arched, blunt ; stamens shorter than the limb.
It. S. Native of tropical Brazil, Sello. A rough hairy shrub.
Stems 10 inches higii bearing 1 head of flowers, or 2 feet high
bearing many heads of flowers, thickness of a hen's quill.
Leaves 2h inches long, and about ^ an inch broad. Hairs stri-
gose. Peduncles a little shorter than the upper leaves, about
an inch long, having the rachis hardly thickened, and beset with
hairs between the calyxes, which are glabrous in their lower
part. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a large 5-lobed limb. Stig-
mas slender, as in the congeners. Drupe partly covered by the
calyx, containing a 2-celled nut, one of uhich is abortive.
Sessile-leaved Cordia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§. 3. SricA'iiE. Spikes of flowers elongated. Calycine
teeth short, acute. Throat of corolla pilose.
lOG C. ripa'ria (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 71.
t. 207.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, denticulated, scabrous
above, and clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; spikes cylin-
drical, dense, disposed in a panicle ; calyx, peduncles, and
branches clothed with rusty hairs ; throat of corolla pilose ;
stamens exserted. ?2 . S. Native of New Granada, on the
banks of the river Magdalena, near Monpox, in humid places.
Leaves petiolate, 3-4 inches long. Spikes 2-3 inches long.
Calyx canipanulate, 5-6-toothed ; teeth smooth. Corolla cam-
panulately funnel-shaped, white, size of those of Myoiol is scor-
pioides ; limb 5-cleft ; lobes rounded. Stigmas subclavate.
Drupe unknown.
Rivcr-iide Cordia. Shrub.
107 C. ferrigi'nea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 71. Koem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p, 458.) leaves ovate, acute,
denticulated, pilose above, and clothed with rusty tomentum be-
neath ; spikes terminal and axillary, interrupted ; calyx hairy ;
throat of corolla pilose. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, near
Gonzanania and Loxa. Varronia ferruginea, Lam. ill. p. 418.
no. 1888. Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 266. no. 1. t. 9. Varronia
Martinicensis, Desf. tabl. de I'ecole. p. 71. but not of Lin. ex
Desv. 1. c. Cordia pyrifolia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802.
Varronia pyrifolia, Willd. rel. Floriferoiis leaves alternate, the
rest opposite. Spikes an inch long. Calyx 5-toothed, length
of corolla, which is yellowish.
Rush/ Cordia. Shrub.
108 C. laxiflora (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 72.)
leaves broad-ovate, very shortly acuminated, denticulated, sca-
brous above, and clothed with rufescent down beneath ; spikes
axillary, interrupted ; calyx hairy ; throat of corolla pilose ;
genitals exserted. h . S. Native of New Granada, in hot
])laces between Monpo.x and Morales, in the valley of the river
Magdalena. Branches terete, clothed with fuscescent hairs, as
well as the petiules and pedinicles. Leaves subalternate, petio-
late, 2-3 inches long, and H to 2 inches broad. Corolla some-
what campanulate, white. Drupe girded by the calyx, size of
hemp-seed. Very nearly allied to C. ferruginea.
VOL. IV.
Loose-Jloivered Cordia. Shrub.
109 C. lana'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 72.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acute, serrated, woolly on both surfaces, but most so
beneath ; spikes terminal and axillary, panicled, dense ; calyx
hairy ; throat of corolla pilose ; genitals exserted. fj . S. Na-
tive of New Granada, near the town of Santa Fe de Bogota.
Branches terete, hairy, angular while young, and clothed with
rusty hairs, as well as the peduncles. Leaves subalternate,
petiolate, 3 inches long, hairy above, and clothed with fusces-
cent tomentum beneath. Calyx campanulate, with smooth
teeth. Corolla funnel-shaped, white ; tube length of calyx.
Stigmas clavate. Very nearly allied to C. tomenlbsa.
Woolly Cordia. Shrub.
110 C. tomentosa (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 459.)
leaves ovate, serrated, acute, tomentose ; spikes thick, short, ob-
tuse, forming a terminal panicle ; peduncles dichotomous, axil-
lary and terminal, fj . S. Native of Cayenne, Richard. Var-
ronia tomentosa, Lam. ill. p. 419. no. 1892. Desv. journ. bot.
1. p. 266. no. 3. The whole plant is clothed with tomentum, or
very hairy. Leaves white beneath ; petioles villous.
Tomentose Cordia. Shrub.
111 C. salvi-'efolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
72.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at both ends, crenately
serrated, wrinkled, scabrous from strigae above, but clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; spikes terminal and lateral, dense,
disposed in a panicle ; calyx hairy ; throat of corolla rather
pilose ; genitals exserted. H . S. Native along with C. lanata.
Cordia Humboldtii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 801. C. flo-
ribimda, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 652. Varronia floribunda, Desv.
journ. bot. 1. p. 267. no. 2. Branches terete, glabrous, but
when young hairy, and rather angular. Leaves petiolate, 2-3
inches long, and h to 1 inch broad ; petioles hairy. Spikes 1
\.o \h inch long. Flowers densely glomerate. Peduncles cloth-
ed with fuscescent hairs. Calyx campanulate. Corolla funnel-
shaped, yellow ? twice as long as the calyx. Stigmas capitately
clavate.
Sage-leaved Cordia. Shrub.
112 C. cylindrista'ciiya (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 459.)
leaves ovate, acute, densely serrated, wrinkled, hispid above,
and tomentose beneath ; spikes oblong, bifid and trifid, supra-
axillary and terminal, dense-flowered ; calyx hairy ? genitals
exserted ? Ij . S. Native of Peru, in hedges. Varronia cy-
lindristachya, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 23. Desv. journ. bot.
1. p. 269. no. 5. Varronia macrostachya, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per.
2. p. 23. t. 147. f. a. Cordia macrostachya, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 652. Branches terete, hairy, angular while young. Leaves
alternate, hardly, petiolate, rough beneath, 4-6 inches long.
Spikes densely cylindrical. Calyx greenish yellow. Corolla
white. Drupe white, inclosed in the calyx, containing a 1-2-
celled nut.
Cylindrical-spiked Cordia. Shrub.
113 C. Portorice'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 651.) leaves lan-
ceolate, attenuated at the base, dentately serrated, mucronate,
scabrous, of the same colour on both surfaces ; sj)ikes terminal,
solitary. Tj . S. Native of Portorico.
Portorico Cordia. Shrub or tree.
114 C. cane'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 73.)
leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, wrinkled, scabrous above, but
clothed with hoary tomentum beneath : spikes terminal and late-
ral, rather dense ; calyx clothed with hoary down ; throat of
corolla pilose ; stamens exserted. I; . S. Native of New Gra-
nada, on the eastern declivities of the Andes of Qiu'ndiu, near
the town of Ibaque, at the altitude of 760 hexapods. Varronia
rugosa, Willd. herb. no. 4550. C. rugosa, Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 801. Branches terete, clothed with hoary down or
hairs. Leaves petiolate, 2-3 inches long, and A an inch broad.
3 D
386
CORDIACEiE. I. CoRDiA.
Spikes 2 inches long, clothed with hoary down. Calyx campa-
nulate. Corolla somewhat campanulate, white, twice as long as
the calyx. Drupe ovate, inclosed in the calyx, size of a hemp-
seed ; nut 1 -celled, 1-seeded by abortion.
Canescent Cordia. Shrub.
115 C. tolysta'chya (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves obovate-
oblong, acutish, cuneately narrowed at the base, remotely-tooth-
ed, scabrous and shining above, but clothed with fine hoary to-
mentum beneath ; spikes terminal and axillary, disposed in pani-
cles, a little interrupted ; calyx downy ; throat of corolla rather
pilose ; stamens exserted. Ij . S. Native on the banks of the
river Orinoco, near the cataract of Maypure. C. canescens,
Willd. ex Roera. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 799. Branches terete,
clothed with hoary down. Leaves subalternate, petiolate, often
obtuse, 3 inches long, and ]| broad. Spikes cylindrical, 1-^ to
2 inches long. Flowers glomerate. Calyx campanulate, 4-6-
toothed. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, white. Very
nearly allied to C. obliqiia.
Many-spiked Cordia. Shrub.
116 C. grave'olens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 74.) leaves
oblong, acute, narrowed at the base, toothed, scabrous above,
but clothed with hoary down beneath ; spikes lateral, elongated ;
calyx downy ; throat of corolla rather pilose ; stamens exserted?
^2 . S. Native in woods of the Orinoco, between Villa Farrera
and the town of Angostura. C. spic^ta, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 799. Branches a little compressed, stri-
ated, scabrous, rather angular while young. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, 2-3 inches long. Spikes on long downy peduncles,
cylindrical, 2-3 inches long. Flowers dense, glomerate. Calyx
campanulate. Corolla white ; margins of the segments crenu-
lated. This and tlie preceding are probably only varieties of
the following.
Strong-scented Cordia. Shrub 6 feet.
117 C. oeli'qua (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 74.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acute, cuneately-narrowed at the base, serrately toothed,
scabrous from strig» above, but clothed with hoary pubescence
beneath; spikes lateral, elongated ; calyx clothed with strigose
down ; throat of corolla pilose ; stamens exserted ? Fj . S.
Native of Peru ; and of Mexico, on the sea shore, near Cam-
peachy. Varronia obliqua, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 24. t.
147. f b. Desv. journ. hot. 1. p. 268. no. 4. Cordia Peru-
viana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 459. Branches terete, ra-
ther scabrous, but clothed with hoary down in the young state.
Leaves nearly 3 inches long, on short petioles. Spikes 4 inches
long ; flowers rather distant, ex Kunth ; dense, ex Ruiz, et
Pav. Corolla white, ex Ruiz, et Pav.
Oblique-\ea.ved Cordia. Shrub 5 to G feet.
118 C. Guiane'nsis (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 460.)
leaves ovate-oblong, running into the petioles at the base,
sharply serrated : serratures crectish ; flowers loose, on the
spikes, minute, very few towards the base of tiie spikes. }; . S.
Native of Guiana, and Cayenne, near towns. Varronia Guian-
ensis, Desv. journ. hot. 1. p. 270. no. 7. Varronia Martini-
censis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 232. but not of others. Leaves large,
5-7 inches long ; petioles short.
Gmana Cordia. Shrub.
119 C. divarica'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 74.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, cuneated at the base, crenated,
wrinkled, scabrous above, but clothed with fuscescent tomentum
beneath; spikes lateral, dense-flowered; calyx downy; throat
of corolla pilose ; stamens exserted ? tj • S. Native of New
Andalusia, in woods near Cumana, Cariaca, and Quetepe. Cordia
dentata, Vahl, eclog. 3. p. 5. C. corylifolia, Willd. herb, ex Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 801. C. corymbosa, Schlecht, in
Willd. herb, no. 4566, Roem. et. Schultes, syst. 4, p. 801.
Branches terete, glabrous, fuscous, downy while young. Leaves
on short petioles, hardly an inch long, and 3-4 lines broad.
Spikes pedunculate, 1 inch long, cylindrical. Calyx campa-
nulate. Corolla subcampanulate, 6-cleft. Drupe ovate, gla-
brous, half covered by the calyx, size of a hempseed ; nut
1 -celled, 1-seeded by abortion.
Divaricate Cordia. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
120 C. angustifolia (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 460.)
leaves linear, subdentate, bluntish, with revolute edges, sca-
brous above, and rather tomentose beneath ; spikes linear-ob-
long, terminal ; calyx villous ; stamens almost length of the co-
rolla, fj . S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Varronia
angustifolia. West, St. Croix, p. 202. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1081.
Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 271. no. 8. Varronia Curassavica, Lam.
diet. 4. p. 264. Branches rusty. Leaves petiolate, crowded.
Spikes dense, 2-3 inches long, length of peduncles. Calyx in-
flated, with 5 setaceous teeth, which are the length of its tube.
Corolla white; tube length of calyx ; lobes of limb short, emar-
ginate. Style short; stigma simple, capitate? Drupe small,
red. Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 729. under V. Curassavica.
Narrow-leaved Cordia. CIt. 1808. Shrub 12 feet.
121 C. Martinice'nsis (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 461.)
leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, serrated, very much wrinkled,
scabrous above, and downy or tomentose beneath ? spikes ter-
minal and axillary, dense-flowered ; calyx downy ? large,
inflated ; stamens exserted. Ij . S. Native of Martinico,
on the edges of fields. Varronia Martinicensis, Jacq. amer.
p. 41. t. 32. pict. t. 42. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1080. Gasrtn.
fruct. 3. p. 171. t. 212. f. 5. Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 272. no.
10. Leaves 3 inches long. Spikes an inch long, oblong, ex
Jacq. Habit of C. macroslachya and C. Ciirassdvica.
Martinico Cordia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub 5 to
6 feet.
122 C. multispica'ta (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p.
490.) leaves ovate, acuminated, acute, toothed at top, bluntly
cuneated, and running into the petioles at the base, scabrous
from strigaj above, and downy beneath ; spikes oblong-clavate,
subcylindrical, terminal and axillary, forming the panicle, ex-
ceeding the leaves ; calyx downy, 5 -toothed : teeth acute,
thicker, and somewhat acuminated at apex ; corolla subcampa-
nulate, with an almost entire limb, exceeding the calyx a little ;
stamens various in length, sometimes shorter than the limb of
the corolla, and sometimes longer. ^^ . S. Native of Brazil,
within the tropic. Young branches, peduncles, and petioles,
clothed with short hairs, which are less adpressed than those in
C. Martinicensis ; and the petioles are combined with the pedun-
cular, axillary branches at the base. Larger leaves 6 inches
long and 3 broad. Style and ovarium glabrous. Drupe ovoid,
loosely covered by the rather inflated calyx ; putamen 1 -celled,
1-seeded by abortion. This is probably a variety of C. Mar-
tinicensis, or a very nearly allied species. It differs in the
spikes being more slender, 3g inches long, loose at the base ; in
the terminal ones being by threes, and the axillary ones solitary,
the whole forming panicles at the tops of the branches. The
calyx is very similar, but smaller ; having the teeth acute and
shorter, or less acuminated.
Many-spiked Cordia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
123 C. macrosta'chya (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 461.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate ; spikes oblong. Ij . S. Native of
tropical America, about Carthagena. Varronia macrostachya,
Jacq. amer. p. 41. Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 272. no. 11. Shrub
much branched. Leaves narrow, 6 inches long, length of
spikes. The rest as in C. Curassavica. Calycine teeth ending
in setaceous points.
Long-spiked Cordia. Shrub 12 feet.
124 C. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 461.)
shrub quite glabrous ; leaves sublanceolate, obtuse, quite entire,
1
CORDIACE^. I. CoRDiA. II. Patagonula.
387
glabrous ; spikes at first subglobose, then elongated and linear ;
calyx almost globose, downy, S-toothtd : teeth sliort, ovate,
acute. Ij . S. Native of Hispaniola. Varronia integrifolia,
Desv. journ. hot. 1. p. 271. no. 9. t. 10. Poir. suppl. 3. p.
729. Leaves on short petioles, 1| inch long, and 3-4 lines
broad, beset with white dots above, paler beneath. Peduncles
and calyxes downy. Corolla a little longer than the calyx ;
with roundish segments.
Entire-leaved Cordia. Tree.
125 C. Curassa'vica (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 460.)
leaves sublanceolate, acute, serrated, wrinkled, scabrous above,
and clothed with white down beneath ; spikes terminal, oblong,
dense-flowered ; calyx tubular, inflated, downy ? 5-toothed :
teeth ovate at the base, and ending each in a setaceous point ;
stamens a little shorter than the limb of the corolla. Ij .
S. Native of Cura^oa, in hedges, and among trees. Varronia
Curassavica, Jacq. amer. p. 40. ed. 2. p. 25. Desv. journ. bot.
1. p. 269. no. 6. Swartz. obs. p. 88. Cordia Martinicensis,
Link, enum. 1. p. 162. Sieb. pi. trin. no. 42. Varronia Mar-
tinicensis, Lam. diet. 4. p. 264. ex Desv. 1. c. Cent. amer. t.
56. according to Desv. 1. c. and probably of Swartz. Lantana
Curassavica, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 627. Mill. diet. no. 7. Varronia
assurgens, &-c. Browne, jam. p. 172.? — Sloan, hist. 2. p. 81.
Brandies terete, scabrous, when old rusty. Spikes 2-3 inches
long, pedunculate ; flowers small. Corolla white ; tube length
of calyx ; limb short, with the lobes short and eniarginate.
Drupe small, red. " Leaves alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, or
oblong, obtuse or acutish, crenated or serrated, densely clothed
with canescent down beneatli, but scabrous above ; spikes
solitary, terminal and lateral, slender, loose-flowered ; lower
flowers abortive, gland-formed ; calyx downy, 5-toothed :
teeth acute, thickened, and a little acuminated at apex ; corolla
campanulate, 3 times as long as the calyx ; with a 5-lobed
limb, and elliptic, obtuse segments ; stamens exserted, length
of the segments of the corolla ; style hardly higher than the
insertion of the filaments, divided into 4 branches at top, as in
the rest of the genus. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the island of
St. Catharine, in gardens. Branches angular, striated, clothed
with adpressed down at top. Calyx short, campanulate, gla-
brous inside. Corolla glabrous outside, villous downwards
from the insertion of the filaments inside. Ovarium glabrous."
Cham, et Schlecht, 4. p. 489. 490.
Curacoa Cordia. Shrub 15 feet.
* * l)oubtful species belonging to Sect. III. Varronia,
126 C. ni'tida (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 800.) leaves elliptic, quite entire, petiolate, obtuse, shining,
reticulately veined ; flowers cymose. Ij . S. Native country
unknown.
Shining-\ea\eA Cordia. Shrub or tree.
127 C. alnifolia (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 801.)
leaves ovate-oblong, downy, sharply and equally serrated. tj .
S. Native country unknown. Varronia alnifolia, Horn. hort.
hafn. 1. p. 227. Very nearly allied to C parviflora, the
Varronia parvijlora, of Ortega, but differs in the form of the
leaves.
^Wer-Zeai;erf Cordia. Clt. 1818. Tree or shrub.
128 C. CHAM^EDRYOi DES (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 801.)
clothed with tomentose down ; leaves ovate, doubly serrated,
and cordate ; peduncles axillary, cymosely capitate. I^ . S.
Native country unknown. Varronia chamsedryoides, Willd.
herb.
Germander-like Cordia. Shrub.
129 C. microce'phala (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 801.)
leaves lanceolate-oblong, serrated, scabrous ; spikes ovate.
^2 . S. Native of Caraccas. Varronia microcephala, Willd.
herb.
Small-headed Cordia. Shrub.
130 C. PARVIFLORA (Desf. hort. par. ex Link, enum. 1. p.
162.) leaves oblong, acute, serrated, attenuated, and quite
entire, scabrous, hairy ; petioles downy. h^ . S. Native
country unknown. Flowers cymose, as in C. mirahiloldes.
Small-flomered Cordia. Clt. 1819. Shrub or tree.
131 C. GRANDiFLORA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1491.) leaves alternate,
serrated ; flowers large, white, terminal, corymbose. h . S.
Native of tropical America. ? This is a very doubtful shrub.
Greal-fomercd CoxA\a. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1827. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of this genus are very pretty while in
blossom, and are of the most easy culture. They thrive best in
a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light rich soil ; and
cuttings strike root readily when planted in sand, with a hand-
glass placed over them in heat.
II. PATAGO'NULA (so called because a native of Pata-
gonia.) Lin. gen. and Lam. ill. t. 96. Patagonica, Dill. elth.
p. 304. t. 226. f 293.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, deeply 4-
C-cleft, but usually 5-cleft, at length increasing much as the
fruit conies to maturity. Corolla rotate, about 2 lines in dia-
meter; limb 5-cleft, with acutish, elliptic segments; tube very
short. Stamens 5, glabrous, shorter than the segments of
the corolla, inserted in its throat. Ovarium and style
glabrous. Style and stigmas as in Cordia. Drupe globose,
acute, beaked by the permanent base of the style, dry, sur-
rounded by the calyx as an acorn in its cup, containing a 1-
celled, 1-seeded putamen by abortion. Embryo pendulous;
cotyledons plicate. — A much branched shrub, with pale green,
alternate or nearly opposite leaves, serrated towards the top.
Inflorescence terminal, bractless, panicled, composed of few-
flowered cymes. Flowers white.
1. P. America'na (Lin. spec. 212.) 1^. G. Native of Pata-
gonia and the South of Brazil, Sello. Cordia Patagonula, Ait.
hort. kew. 1. p. 'ibd. ed. 2d. vol. 2. p. 10. Patagonica foliis
partim serratis partim entearis, Dill. hort. elth. p. 304. t. 226.
f. 293. Branches terete. Buds and tender parts of branches
beset with longer hairs. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, lan-
ceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, tapering into the short petioles,
and sub-cuneated at the base, generally acute, rarely obtuse at
the apex : younger ones cuneately obovate, entire or serrated
towards the top : largest ones 2g inches long, with the consist-
ence and smoothness of those of Lauris nohilis, margined, when
young furnished with cilia at the base. Flowers small, pedicel-
late, cymose, white, or greenish white, smelling like those of
elder. Limb of corolla from 4 to 5-cleft, with an equal number
of stamens.
Var. /3, glabra (Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 492.) shrub perfectly
glabrous in every part. fj . S. Native of the South of Brazil.
American Patagonula. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. Shrub
10 to 12 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cordia, above.
Tribe II.
EHRETIA'CE^. (The plants contained in this tribe agree
with Ehretia in the characters given below.) .Style semi-bifid ;
stigmas 2, obtuse. Drupe containing 2-4 2-celled, 2-seeded
nuts, or 2-4 1 -celled, 1-seeded nuts, rarely a 5-6-celled, 5-G-
seeded nut. Cotyledons plicate. ? This tribe differs from
Tribe I. Cordiacece, in the stigmas being 2, not 4, and in the
3 d2
388
CORDIACEiE. III. Ehretia.
drupe containing generally more than one nut. Mart, in pi.
bras. 1. p. 134. has made a distinct order of Ehretiacece.
III. EHRE'TIA (so named in memory of the ingenious
artist and botanist, G. D. Eliret, in French Cabrillet.) Browne,
jam. t. IC. Lin. gen. no. 275. Schreb. gen. no. 352.
Jacq. amer. 45. Juss. gen. p. 128. ed. Usteri, p. 143. R.
Br. prod. p. 497. Lam. ill. t. 96.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Mouogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a naked throat, and a 5-cleft limb.
Stamens exserted. Style semi-bifid ; stigmas obtuse. Berry
containing 2 2-celled, 2-seeded pyrenae or nuts. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves petiolate, alternate, opposite, or 3 in a whorl,
entire or serrated. Flowers terminal or axillary, panicled or
corymbose.
* Species natives of Asia.
1 E. serra'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 240.) leaves alternate,
broad-lanceolate, serrated, 5-pointed, glabrous ; panicles ter-
minal, and from the upper axils, witli numerous short, spreading,
compound, and simple ramifications. Vi . S. Native of the
East Indies, at Bhotan ; it is also a native in the eastern part
of Bengal. Leaves 2-5 inches long, and l-2g inches broad ;
petioles sliort. Flowers small, numerous, collected into small,
somewhat remote, nearly sessile fascicles, some of them liexan-
drous. Bracteas small, ovate, pressed to the calyx. Corolla
having the tube as long as the calyx, and the segments of the
limb oblong and spreading. Stamens inserted in the month of
the tube of the corolla, rather shorter than the limb. Drupes
round, pulpy, about the size of a pea, red when ripe. This
is one of the commonest trees in Nipaul, where it is called
Nuhhima. Tiie flowers spread a honey-like, powerful smell.
In Silhet, where it is indigenous, and there called Kala Oja.
The fruit is not esteemed like those of most of the species,
there being little pulp.
^erraieol-leaved Ehretia. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub or Tree.
2 E. macrophy'lla (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 343.) arbo-
reous ; leaves alternate, coriaceous, ovate, acute, sharply- tooth-
ed, harsh, strigose above, and downy beneath ; panicle terminal,
composed of racemose branches. I7 . G. Native of Nipaul,
on Chundragiri. Branches terete, with ash-coloured, dotted
bark, rather villous while young. Leaves 5-10 inches long;
nerves uniting in sub-marginal arches. Drupes round, ovate,
obscurely 4-furrowed, slightly clothed, the size of a gooseberry,
supported at the base by a 5-cleft calyx, whose segments are
lanceolate, ciliated, and spreading. Embryo erect. ? Coty-
ledons parallel.
Long-leaved Ehretia. Tree large.
3 E.? UMBELLULATA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 344.) arbo-
reous ; leaves ovate, nearly entire, glabrous ; umbellets scat-
tered, round, small, downy ; stigma deeply and almost equally
4-lobed. Jj . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Kunuka.
Branches like those of £. macrophylla. Leaves repand, sliahtly
undulated, 3-5 inches long, generally with a refuse apex ;
nerves uniting into sub-marginal arches, elegantly reticulate.
Flowers very small, white, fragrant, crowded together in lateral,
simple, or corymbose heads. Calyx supported by an oval
bractea ; segments of the calyx round, ciliated. Corolla rotate,
with reflexed lobes, shorter than the stamens. This seems to
connect Ehretia with Cordia, from the short style and deeply
4-lobed stigma, but the fruit is unknown.
Umbellate-AovieteA Ehretia. Shrub.
4 E. Wigiitia'na (Wall. cat. no. 7013.) glabrous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, or obovate-oblong, entire, coriaceous ; pedun-
cels terminal, corymbose ; flowers secund, pedicellate. ij . S.
Native of the East Indies. Nearly allied to E. mnbellulata.
Wight's Ehretia. Shrub.
5 E. pyrifolia (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 102.) leaves ovate,
acute, serrated, glabrous, rounded at the base : floral ones
oblong ; panicles terminal ; flowers crowded. Tj • G. Native
of Nipaul. Flowers small, disposed in an ample, crowded
panicles. Nearly allied to E. serrata, Roxb., but the leaves of
that plant are acute at the base.
Pear-leaved Eliretia. Tree or shrub.
6 E. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 842.) leaves alternate, oval,
attenuated at both ends, quite entire, glabrous ; corymbs lateral
and terminal, divaricate ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, with acuminated
segments. F; . S. Native of Java, on the declivities of nioim-
tains on the west side, where it is called Si/cup Burrum.
Java Ehretia. Fl. Nov. Tree 60 feet.
* * Species natives of Neiv Holland.
7 E. acumina'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 497.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated, serrated, quite fjlabrous ; panicles decompound, having
the branches and branchlets quite glabrous. h . G. Native of
New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Acuminated-\e2i.\eA Ehretia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Tree
15 feet?
8 E. SALIGNA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, sub-
falcate, elongated, quite entire, glabrous, 3-5 inches long ;
cymes panicled, dicholomous ; flowers polygamous. h . G.
Native of New Holland, within tlie tropic, on the sea-shore.
Willorcy-leayeiX Ehretia. Shrub or tree.
9 E. membranifolia (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves long-lanceolate,
quite entire, and quite glabrous, strict, membranous, \\ to 2|^
inches long ; cymes dicholomous. Ij . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. The fruit being imknown the
genus is doubtful.
Memhrane-lcaved Ehretia. Shrub or tree.
* * * Species natives of America.
10 E. TiNiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 273. amoen. acad. 5. p. 595.
Jacq. amer. p. 45. Swartz. obs. p. 87.) leaves oblong-ovate,
or ovate, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles terminal,
oblong ; calyx 5-cleft, obtuse. 1^ . S. Native of Jamaica,
and Cuba. — Trew. ehret, t. 24. — Browne, jam. p. 168. t. 16. f.
1. — Sloan, jam. 2. p. 94. t. 203. f. 1. A tree witli a dense,
oblong head. Leaves about 4 inches long, on short petioles.
Flowers numerous, small, white, strong-scented. Corolla a
little longer than the calyx ; with obovate, acute, reflexed seg-
ments, which exceed the tube in length. Stamens a little
longer than the corolla. Stigma bifid. Drupe containing 4
nuts, ex. Jacq., 2 nuts, ex Lin., globular, at first yellow, then
black, size of currants. They serve to feed poultry, and are
sometimes eaten by the poorer sort of people. 'I'he tree is
known in Jamaica by the name of Bastard Cherry-tree.
riniw-foiKerf Ehretia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1734. Tree 1 6
to 28 feet.
11 E.? internodis (Lehr. stirp. 1. p. 47. t. 24.) leaves
alternate, oblong-ovate, quite entire, acute, glabrous ; panicles
intra-foliaceous ; flowers corymbose, panicled ; corolla campa-
nulate, with reflexed segments. Ij . S. Native of the Antilles.
E. petiolaris, Lam. diet. 1. p. 527. no. 5. ex Poir. suppl. 3. p.
1. Cordia petiolata, Desf. hort. par. Branches loose, grey,
tuhercled. Leaves 4 inches long. Style simple. Stigma 2-
lobed. Berries round, containing 4 1 -seeded nuts.
Var. ft, Subria (Comniers. herb, ex Lam. diet. 1. c.) very like
the species ; flowers hardly a line long, with acute segments ;
stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla ; stigma capitate ;
panicles terminal and axillary. H . S. Native of the Man-
CORDIACEyE. III. Ehretia. IV. Beurreria.
389
ritius. E. internodis, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. S+S. This, as
well as the species, are very doubtful from the form of the
stigma.
Interknotted Ehretia. Fl. ? Clt. 1819. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
12 E. GRANDiFLORA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 3.) leaves alternate,
ovate, smooth, with unequal sides, glabrous, quite entire, ob-
tuse ; flowers corymbose ; calyx rather tubular, downy, grey,
with 5 acute teetli ; segments of corolla roundish, spreading.
I^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Branches terete. Leaves on
short petioles, 2 inches long, and li inch broad. Tube of
corolla red, length of calyx. Stigma bifid, obtuse. Fruit
unknown.
Great-Jlonered Ehretia. Shrub or tree.
13 E. ? du'bia (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 19. Gmel. syst. 1. p. 394.
Vittm. summ. 2. p. 15.) leaves alternate, oval-oblong, acute,
quite entire, glabrous ; peduncles 1 -flowered, aggregate ; calyx
bilabiate : lower lip campanulate : superior one roundish,
concave, spreading, at length not half the size of the lower
one ; segments of the limb of the corolla flat, ovate, obtuse.
'j. S. Native of Jamaica, about Kingston. Leaves 3-6
inches long, petiolate. Tube of corolla funnel-shaped, hairy
inside. Stamens short, inserted in the upper part of the tube.
Anthers didymous. Style subulate, semi-bifid at apex ; seg-
ments bifid, infiexed. Stigmas acute. This is probably a
species of Cvrdia, from the twice bifid style, or a new genus
belonging to section Cordiacece.
Douhtjul Ehretia. Clt. 1825. Tree 20 feet.
14 E. TOMENTosA (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 64.
t. 208.) branches angular, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves
opposite, elliptic-oblong, acute, entire, glabrous above, and
clothed with downy tomentum beneath, and lioary ; flowers
axillary, corymbose, about equal in length to the petioles ;
calyx clothed with hoary tomentum, almost entire, rather angu-
lar, loose. h . S. Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe
de Bogota. Ehretia Bogotensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 648.
Leaves running into the petioles at the base, 5 inches long.
Peduncles axillary, short, many-flowered. Calyx turbinately
campanulate. Corolla campanulate, glabrous ; tube twice as
long as the calyx ; limb spreading, with ovate, oblong, obtuse
segments. Stamens a little exserted, glabrous. Anthers 2
lobed at the base. .Stigmas acute. Drupe depressed, globular,
smooth, size of a sloe, surrounded by the calyx, which is
warted at the base, and irregularly lobed, 4-celJed ; cells 1-
seeded.
Tomenlose Ehretia. Shrub or tree.
15 E. TERNiFOLiA (H. B. Ct Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 60.)
branches nearly terete, smoothish ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong,
obtuse, quite entire, glabrous, rather powdery ; corymbs axil-
lary, about equal in length to the petioles ; calyx clothed with
hoary powder, irregularly 4-lobed. V^ . S. Native of the pro-
vince of Venezuela, near Los altos de San Pedro, at the altitude
of 850 hexapods. Branches white. Leaves petiolate, furnished
with minute, canescent atoms, pale beneath, 4-5 inches long,
and 2^ broad. Petioles powdery. Flowers the size of those
of Lyc'mm bdrbarum. Calyx turbinately campanulate. Corollas
white, funnel-shaped, glabrous ; tube hardly equal in length to
the calyx : limb spreading, with ovate-oblong, obtuse segments ;
throat puberulous. Stamens exserted. Stigmas acute. Drupe
like that of the preceding.
Tern-leaved Ehretia. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
Cult. N.B. The following names occur in Salt. trav. abyss.
append, p. 475, but without any definition. 1 E. obovata, R.
Br. 2 E. Abyssinica, R. Br.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cordia, p. 387.
IV. BEURRE'RIA (named by P. Browne, after Mr. Beurrer,
an apothecary of Nuremberg, who was a great promoter of
natural history.) Brown, jam. p. 168. *. 15. f. 2. Jacq. amer.
45. t. 173. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 67. — Ehretia
species of other authors.
LiN. SYST. PeniAndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed, or 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted ;
throat naked. Stamens a little exserted. Style usually bifid,
rarely undivided ; stigmas 2, sub-capitate. Drupe containing
4 pyrenaj or nuts ; nuts 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. — Small trees
or shrubs. Leaves alternate, nearly entire, or quite entire.
Corymbs sub-terminal. Flowers white.
* Species natives of America.
1 B. ExstT'ccA (Jacq. amer. p. 45. t. 173. f. 17. ed. pict, t,
259. f. 13.) branches and leaves downy ; leaves ovate, acute, or
obovate and obtuse, quite entire ; corymbs dichotomous ; calyx
downy, irregularly bifid or trifid ; fruit dry, tetragonal, divisi-
ble into 4 parts. fj . S. Native of South America, in hot
places near Cumnna, St. Thomas de la Guyana, and New Bar-
celona ; and of Mexico, near Actopan, &c. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 67. Ehretia exsucca, Lin. spec. p. 275.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 527. Rhamnus Cumanensis, Loefl. itin. p. 182.
Guatacare of the natives of Cumana. Branches terete, hoary,
glabrous, when young rather downy. Leaves I5 to 2 inches
long, petiolate, clothed with strigse on both surfaces, sometimes
nearly glabrous ; petioles downy, glabrous, or ciliated. Flowers
white, sweet-scented. Corolla white, salver-shaped ; tube
longer than the calyx ; limb spreading, with roundish, cordate
segments. Stamens length of corolla, villous at the base.
Style bifid. Jacquin mentions his plant as glabrous, while
that of Kunth is downy. They are, however, probably identical.
Z)r3/-fruited Beurreria. Clt. 1804. Tree 20 feet.
2 B. REVOLU^TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 67.)
branches and leaves glabrous, ovate, obtuse, with entire revo-
lute margins ; corymbs dichotomous; caly.x downy, 5-toothed.
Tj . S. Native of New Spain, in temperate places near Haci-
enda de Regla. Shrub much branched. Branches terete.
Leaves acute at the base, 1-2 inches long, petiolate. Corymbs
terminal, downy. Calyx tubularly campanulate. Drupe red,
size of a sloe, nearly globose, the rest as in the genus.
Revolule-\ea.\e(\. Beurreria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 B. divarica'ta ; leaves oblong, entire, scabrous above, and
downy beneath ; flowers terminal, corymbosely racemose ; calyx
5-cleft, downy. ^ . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havana.
Ehretia divaricata, D. C. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 108. icon, ined.
t. 4. Branches divaricate. Leaves firm. Flowers white.
Drupe orange-coloured, globose ; the rest as in the genus.
Divaricate Beurreria. Clt. 1820. Tree.
4 B. virga'ta ; branches filiform ; leaves oblong, entire,
obtuse, hardly petiolate, scabrous above, and downy beneath ;
peduncles terminal, scattered, 1-flowered; calyx tubular, hairy,
with 5 short, ovate, acuminated segments. "^ . S. Native of
New Spain, in deserts. Ehretia virgata, Svvartz. prod. p. 47.
fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 463. This plant differs from B. succiilenlu,
in being more twiggy, in the leaves being more scabrous, and in
the inflorescence. Corolla white, tuice as long as the calyx.
Berry roundish, red ; the rest as in the genus.
Twiggy Beurreria. Shrub G to 8 feet.
5 B. succule'nta (Jacq. amer. p. -14. ed. pict. p. 28. t. 45.
obs. 2. p. 2. t. 26.) leaves oblong, quite entire, obtuse, or acute,
smooth, or rather scabrous to the touch ; corymbs loose, termi-
nal, composed of irregular dichotomous cymes ; calyx tubular.
390
CORDIACEiE. IV. Beurreria. V. Coriesia.
glabrous, with ovate, acute segments. Tj . S. Native of Ja-
maica and Antilles, &'C. Eliretia Beurreria, Lin. spec. 275.
Mill. diet. no. 2. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1078. Desf. ann. mus. 1.
p. 279. Cordia Beurreria, Lin. amoen. acad. 5. p. 395. —
Brown, jam. p. 1C8. t. 15. f. 2.— Sloane, jam. 2. p. 96. t. 204.
f. 1. — ^Comm. hort. 1. p. 153. t. 79. — Pittonia similis, Catesb.
carol. 2. p. 79. Leaves 3 inches long, running into the short
white petioles. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Segments of
corolla obovate, with deflexed sub-undulated margins. Stigma
green, depressed, 2-lobcd. Drupe globose, smooth, size of a
pea, orange-coloured, 4-angled ; the rest as in the genus. Tlie
berry being sweet and succulent is eaten by children and
nf.tives. In Jamaica it is called Poison-berries. The French
name is Bois Cahril Batard.
Succulent-itwheA Beurreria. Clt. 1758. Tree 20 to 45 feet.
6 B. tomentosa; leaves ovate, scabrous above, and tomen-
tose bencatli, obtuse, tapering into the short petioles at the
base ; calyx short, with 5 deep obtuse segments ; tube of
corolla twice as long as the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica
and St. Domingo. Ehretia tomentosa. Lam. ill. no 1919. Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 1. no. 7.— Sloane, jam. hist. 2. t. 204. f. 1.?
Branches striated, rather nodose. Flowers white. Berry yel-
lowish, roundish, containing 4 nuts ; but the nuts are not said to
be 2-celled and 2-seeded.
Tomentose Beurreria. Tree.
7 B. ra'dula ; leaves coriaceous, obovate, obtuse, scabrous
from dots ; corymbs loose, terminal ; calyx whitish grey, with
dilated segments. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo. Ehretia
radula, Poir. siippl. 2. p. 2. Leaves quite entire, attenuated
at the base, 1-2 inches long, and 6-9 lines broad, beset with
white dots above, and cinereous beneath : uppermost ones nar-
rower, and nearly lanceolate. Corolla white, a little longer than
the calyx. Berry containing 4 nuts ; but it is not said whether
these nuts are 1 or 2-celled, or 1 or 2-seeded.
7?a4^)-leaved Beurreria. Shrub.
* * A species native of the Isle of Bourbon.
8 B. la'xa ; branches reclinate ; leaves ovate, obtuse, or
acutish, quite entire, or a little sinuated, glabrous ; panicles
corymbose, loose, terminal ; calyx 5-cleft : segments of corolla
ovate, obtuse, with reflexed margins. Tj . S. Native of the Island
of Bourbon. Ehretia laxa, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. t. 41. fragm.
no. 31. t. 5. f. 2. Leaves petiolate, scattered, dark green, about
4 inches long. Flowers greenish white. Corolla twice as long
as the calyx, with ovate, obtuse, reflexed segments. Berry
fleshy, red, size of a pea, containing 4 nuts ; but the nuts are
not said to be 2-celled or 2-seeded.
/,oo«e-flowered Beurreria. Clt. 1826. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
* * * Species natives of Asia, Drupe containing 4 l-celled,
\-secded nuts. Perhaps a distinct genus.
9 B. L«\is ; arboreous ; leaves ovate, smooth, entire, or some-
times scalloped ; corymbs lateral and axillary, composed of di-
thotomous, recurved, secund spikes ; drupe containing a 4 parti-
ble nut, or 4 1 -seeded, l-celled nuts. Ij . S. Native of the Cir-
car mountains, and Bengal, and on the banks of the Irawaddy.
Ehretia aflTinis, Wall. cat. no. 900. Ehretia Ise'vis, Roxb. cor. 1.
p. 42. t. 56. Seregada of the Telingas. Branches erect. Leaves
on short petioles, pretty smooth, 3-4 inches long, and 2-3 broad.
Flowers small, white. Nuts wrinkled outside. The wood of
this tree is used by the hill people for many purposes.
Smooth Beurreria. Clt. 1823. Tree 12 to 20 feet.
1 0 B. a'spera ; shrubby ; leaves ovate, scabrous above, and
downy below, entire ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous ; calycine
segments ovate ; drupe containing a 4-celled nut, or a nut
divisible into 4 1 -celled 1 -seeded parts. \^ . S. Native of
the East Indies. Ehretia aspera, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 41.
t. .')5. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1077. E. tomentosa. Roth, nov.
spec. p. 126. Ehretia Heynii, Room, et Schiiltes, syst. 4.
p. 532. Bark of the larger branches rust coloured ; young
shoots downy. Corymbs globular, composed of dense, recurved,
naked, secund spikes of pedicellate flowers. Flowers very
small, white. Stigmas simple. Drupe red, size of a grain of
pepper, somewhat tetragonal. Nuts smooth outside.
Bough Beurreria. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
11 B. setosa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 342.) tender parts bristly ;
leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, entire ; panicles terminal,
composed of dichotomous, secund, recurved spikes ; calycine
segments lanceolate, as long as the corolla ; drupe containing 4
l-celled, 1 -seeded nuts. fj . S. Native of the Island of
Hamoa.
Bristly Beurreria. Shrub or tree.
12 B. RETu'sA ; leaves small, obovate, retuse or acute, downy,
as well as the young branches and peduncles; peduncles simple,
terminating the short stiff branches, few-flowered. Ij . S. Na-
tive on the banks of the Irawaddy. Ehretia retusa. Wall. cat.
no. 903. A stiff, stunted, branched shrub. Nut containing 4
1- seeded nuts.
RetuseAeaveA Beurreria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
13 B. UNiFLORA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 312.) shrubby, twiggy;
leaves crowded, nearly sessile, oblong, entire, hairy ; flowers
solitary, nearly sessile ; drupe containing 4 l-celled, 1-seeded
nuts. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas.
One-floivcred Beurreria. Shrub.
14 B. puncta'ta ; leaves oval, entire, glabrous on both
surfaces, beset with dots towards the margins, which are ex-
cavated beneath, but elevated, and rather wrinkled above ;
corymbs terminal, dichotomous, divaricate, downy, composed
of secund spikes of flowers. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies.
E. punctata. Roth, nov. spec. p. 126. Dots at the margins of
the leaves, as in Coffea Arabica, but more copious, and appear
like secreting pores. It differs from B. ltz''vis, in dots only
being on the margins of the leaves, not throughout its surface
as in it, and the leaves themselves are less coriaceous, and the
corymbs and calyxes more hairy.
Dotted-\ea\ed Beurreria. Shrub or tree.
15 B. DicHOTOMA (Rotll. herb. Blum, bijdr. 842, under Ehre-
tia,) leaves oblong, acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, glab-
rous ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous ; flowers secund ; seg-
ment of calyx bluntly toothed. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the
higher woods on mount Burangrang.
Z)/c//o/o»HOHji-corymbed Beurreria. Fl. June, July. Tree.
16 B. gla'bra ; leaves oval-roundish, glabrous, qm'te entire ;
corymbs terminal, dichotomous, divaricate, composed of secund
racemes or spikes of pedicellate flowers ; calyx membranous
in the fruit-bearing state, obovate, sub-inflated, 5-cleft, downy
inside. h . S. Native of the East Indies. E. glabra. Roth,
nov. spec. p. 126. This species differs from all others in the
calyx being membranous and somewhat inflated, and less
divided.
Glabrous Beurreria. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture or propagation see Cordia, p. 387.
V. CORTE'SIA (so named in honour of Ferdinando Corte-
sio, of New Spain, who collected many specimens of plants,
which he sent to Cavanilles.) Cav. icon. 4. p. 53. t. 377.
Lin. svst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx truncate, 10-
CORDIACEiE. VI. Carmona. VII. Lutrostylis. VIII. Riiabdia. IX. Morelosia.
391
tootlied. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube length of calyx ; limb
5-parte(l, spreadinjr, with rounded lobes. Stamens 5, exserted ;
anthers ovate. Style bipartite at top ; stigmas pel lately globose.
Drupe ovate, containing 2 1 -seeded? nuts. — A much branched
shrub, with alternate, sessile, cuneiform, glabrous leaves, which
are trifid at ape.x ; and terminal, sessile, solitary flowers. Calyx
surrounding the drupe at the base.
1 C. cuNEiFOLiA (Cav. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of Buenos
Ayres, in the plains called Pampas. Leaves tubercular ; tu-
bercles white, with a deciduous white liair rising from the
centre of each. Caly.x villous, turbinate, hemispherical in the
fruit-bearing state. Flowers yellowish white.
Wedge-leai'ed Cortesia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cordia, p. 387.
VI. CARMO'NA (named by Cavanilles, after Brunond Sal-
vatori Carmona, a painter, and companion of Loefling in his
travels up the Orinoco.) Cav. icon. 5. t. 438. — Ehretia species
of Roxb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monog^nia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla campanulate, or rotate ; limb 5-6-cleft. Stamens 5-6,
inclosed, shorter than the corolla. Styles capillary ; stigmas
simple. Drupe succulent, small, containing a 5-6-celled nut.
— Branched shrubs. Leaves alternate, on the older branches
fascicled, coriaceous, stiff. Peduncles rising from the fascicles
of leaves, 2-G flowered ; flowers pedicellate, small, white.
1 C. iieterophy'lla (Cav. icon. 5. t. 438.) leaves alternate
or in fascicles, cuneiform, tridentate at the apex, sessile, very
scabrous from callous dots ; peduncles racemose ; flowers on
short pedicels ; calycine segments lanceolate, as long as the
corolla. r^ . S. Native of the East Indies, in barren lands
and forests. Ehretia heterophylla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 648.
Cordia retusa, Vahl. syrab. 2. p. 42. Ehretia buxifolia, Roxb.
cor. 1. p. 4i. t. 57.?— Piukn. aim. p. 159. t. 31. f. 1. Bapana-
booree of the Telingas. Leaves very hard, shining above, | to
1 inch long, and j to ^ inch broad. Corolla campanulately
rotate, 5-6-cleft. Stamens 5-6. Drupe size of a pea, red,
containing a 5-6-celled nut. Ehretia buxifolia, Roxb. is proba-
bly a true species of Beurreria.
Variable-leaved Carmona. CIt. 1823. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
2 C. mickofhy'lea ; leaves cuneiform, obtuse, quite entire,
scabrous above, dotted, 4-5 in a fascicle ; pedimcles short,
axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine seg-
ments linear, scabrous. >; . S. Native of the East Indies.
Ehretia microphylla, Lam. ill. 1. p. 425. no. 1921. — Plukn.
phyt. t. 31. f 1.? Plant glabrous. Berry dry? globose, size
of a grain of pepper, somewhat mucronate,
Small- leaved Carmona. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub
5 to 8 feet ?
3 C. lycioi'des ; branches numerous, short, ending in a
spine ; leaves in fascicles, small, obovate-lanceolate, entire, glab-
rous. }} . S. Native of Pegamew. Ehretia lycioides, Wall,
mss.
Lycium-lilce Carmona. Shrub 4 to G feet.
4 C. viminea ; leaves alternate, cuneate-Ianceolate, entire,
mucronate, downy, as well as the branches and peduncles, which
are terminal, few-flowered, corymbose ; segments of the calyx
long, linear, acuminated. Ij . S. Native of Martaban, on the
banks of the Attran, and on the Pundua mountains. Ehretia
viminea. Wall. cat. no 906.
Twiggy Carmona. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cordia, p. 387.
not combined at the base as the other genera belonging to the
present order.) Ehretia species of authors.
Lin. syst. PetMndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, ? 5-cleft. Stamens a little shorter than
the corolla. ? Styles 2, short ; stigmas sub-capitate. Drupe
globose, usually containing 4 1 -seeded nuts.— Much branched,
glabrous shrubs. Leaves rather coriaceous, fascicled. Corymbs
terminal, dichotomous. Flowers small, white, or yellowish.
1 L. ine'rmis ; glabrous, unarmed ; leaves fascicled, obo-
vate-oblong, obtuse, quite entire, finely ciliated ; corymbs
terminal, dichotomous ; calyxes ciliated. It . S. Native of
America, near Cumana. Ehretia fasciculata, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 66. Shrub much branched ; branches
terete, white. Leaves usually 3 in a fascicle, on the tops of
very short branches, petiolate, acute at the base, deep green
above, pale beneath, 2 inches long. Corymbs downy, with
angular branches. Flowers sessile. Segments of the calyx
ovate, acute, ciliated. Corolla and stamens hardly seen. Drupe
size of a grain of pepper, somewhat tetragonal.
Unarmed Lutrostylis. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
2 L. spinosa ; spinose, glabrous ; leaves fascicled, oblon'^,
attenuated at the base, sometimes sub-repand ; corymbs race-
mose, short, terminal ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute.
Vl . S. Native of South America. Ehretia spinosa, Jacq.
amer. 46. t. 80. f. 18. edit. pict. t. 259. f. 14. Spines on the
branches short, and sub-axillary ; those on the trunk strong,
woody, and very thick. Leaves 3-4 inches long, usually 5-Q in
a fascicle. Stipulas subulate, rising from the centre of the tu-
bercles in the branches. Flowers small, numerous, yellowish.
Corolla length of calyx ; segments of the limb ovate, obtuse,
reflexed, length of tube. Stamens a little shorter than the
corolla. Styles subulate ; stigmas simple. Drupe red, small.
Spinose Lutrostylis. Shrub 4 to 10 feet.
3 L. ? Montevide'nsis ; leaves oblong, bluntish, quite entire;
when young serrated a little at the apex, coriaceous, shining
above, and of a different colour beneath, having the axils
of the veins villous ; spines opposite the branches, supra-axil-
lary ; racemes lateral, simple, opposite the leaves. f; . S.
Native of Montevideo, Sello. Ehretia Montevidensis, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 647.
Monte-video Lutrostylis. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cordia, p. 387.
VIII. RHA'BDIA (pa/3&c, r/frttif/os, a twig ; in reference to
the shrub being twiggy.) Mart. pi. bras. 2. p. 136. t. 195.
Lyn. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla campanulate, 5-cleft, with a naked throat. Stamens 5,
from the base of the corolla, inclosed. Style simple ; stigma 2-
lobed. Berry or drupe usually containing 4 1-seeded pyrense. —
Branches downy. Leaves alternate, sessile. Flowers axillary,
or in few-flowered, bractcate corymbs.
1 R. lycioi'des (Mart. 1. c. p. 137. t. 195.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, undulated, adpressed to the stem, downy be-
neath, and pale green ; inflorescence corymbose ; peduncles
trifid, 3-flovvered, or bifid, 2-flowered ; drupe ovate, globose,
scarlet. f^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, on
the inundated banks of the river St. Francisco, near Joa .Siero.
Leaves sessile, green above, and glaucous beneath. Corolla
small, of a rose-purple colour, with a wiiite tube.
Lycium-Uke Rhabdia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cidl. For culture and propagation see Cordia, p. 387.
VII. LUTROSTYLIS (from Xvrpwo-ic, lutrosis, a freeing; IX. MORELO'SIA (meaning unknown to us.) La Lave et
and (jTvKoQ, stylos, a column ; the styles are free to the base, Lexarza, nov. veg. mex. p. I.
592
CORDIACE^. X. Erysibe. XI. Rocheiortja.
Lin. svst. Pentandria, D'tgynm. Calyx adherent, ventri-
cose, rather coriaceous, 5-cleft. Corolla rotate; with rounded
segments. Stamens 5, exsened. Style forked ; stigmas 2,
capitate. Drupe tetragonal, containing a 4-seeded, 4-celled nut.
— A moderate-sized tree, with a scabrous trunk, and twisted,
angular, green branches. Leaves quite entire. Flowers termi-
nal, corymbose, articulated to the extremities of the pe-
duncles, sweet-scented, falling spontaneously before fecunda-
tion.
1 M. Huani'ta (La lave, ex Lexarz. 1. c.) h . S. Native
of Mexico. Branches diftormed at the extremities. Leaves
3-t inches long.
Huanita Morelosia. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cordia, p. 387.
Tribe II L
ERIMATALIE'yE (this tribe only contains the genus Erysibe.)
Style hardly any ; stigma large, 5-groved. Drupe pulpy, con-
taining only one 1-seeded nut.
X. ERYSrBE (probably the East Indian name of £.
jiankuluta.) Ho.xb. cor. 2. t. 159. fl. ind. 2. p. 284. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1046. Erimatalia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 348.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, or
5-toothed ; segments obtuse, imbricate. Corolla with a short
tube, tomentose outside; limb spreading, 5-paned: lobes bifid,
induplicate in aestivation. Ovarium 1-celled, 3-4-ovulate ;
ovula attached to the bottom of the cell. Stigma sessile, dis-
coid. Berry 1-seeded, ex Roxb. — Climbing shrubs, with alter-
nate leaves, and axillary and terminal panicles of flowers.
This genus is nearly allied to Moarcroftia and Maripa, on the
one hand, and Apocynece on the other.
1 E. panicula'ta (Rnxb. cor. 2. t. 159.) leaves oblong,
pointed, glabrous ; panicles large, terminal. Ij . '^. S. Native
of the Circars, and the eastern borders of Bengal. Branches
and panicles clothed with rust-coloured farinae. Leaves 4-5
inches long, and about 2 broad. Flowers small, rust-coloured :
liorder yellow. Berry size of a cherry, black. On the moun-
tains bordering on Silliet, the shrub blossoms in October, and is
railed there Luta-Bichulli.
Panicled-fiov/eveA Erysibe. Shrub tw.
2 E. RuEt'Dii (Blum, bijdr. p. 1047.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicles axillary and
terminal. 1? • '^. S. Native of the Malabar coast ; and of
Java, on the Salak mountains, where it is called ]\Ivgmale-aroy.
Erima-Tali, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 73. t. 39. Lam. diet. 2. p. 348.
Erimatalia Rheedii, Roem. et Schuhes, syst. 5. p. 331.
Rheede's Erysibe. Fl. July. Shrub tw.
3 E. glomera'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1017.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers axillary, glo-
merate. V) .'^. Q. Native of Java, in woods, on mount Salak,
where it is called KisimuUi.
Var. ft, longifolia (Blum. 1. c.) leaves cuneate-oblong, bluntly
acuminated. }j . '^. S. Native of the Island of A^Mxte-Aa»i6aBga.
Glomcrate-Rowered Erysibe. Fl. Nov. Shrub tw.
4 E. tomf.ntosa (Blum, bijdr. p. 1048.) leaves ovate, acute,
glabrous above, and tomentose beneath ; racemes axillary, very
short. Ij . '^. S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Parang,
Tomentose Erysibe. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub tw.
5 E. expa'nsa (Wall. cat. no. 1331.) young branches, ra-
cemes, calyxes, petioles, and undersides of yo\mg leaves clothed
with rusty tomentum, as in E. paniculiita ; leaves coriaceous,
elliptic, acuminated, mucronate, shining, entire ; panicles axil-
lary and terminal, many-flowered, solitary or aggregate; flowers
racemosely fascicled. >; . ^. S. Native of Martaban, Moal-
meyne, and Tavoy.
Expanded Erysibe. Shrub climbing.
6 E. suBSHCA^TA (Wall. Cat. no. 1332.) young branches, &c.
as in the last ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, tapering to the
base, or oblong-lanceolate ; racemes spicate, solitary, terminal ;
flowers aggregate, crowded. h . ^, S. Native of the Burman
Empire, on Mount Taong-Dong.
Sttbs2)icate-Rov.ered Erysibe. Shrub climbing.
7 E. Pri'ncei (Wall. cat. no. 1335.) young branches, &c. as
in the two last species ; leaves oblong, acuminated, on very
short petioles, almost sessile ; racemes axillary and terminal,
solitary or twin, simple, short ; flowers aggregate. 1^ • w- ^'
Native of Singapore, J. Prince.
Prince's Erysibe. Shrub climbing.
8 E. FRA^GRANS (Wall. Cat. no. 1336.) racemes and calyxes
clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves large, coriaceous, gla-
brous, acuminated ; racemes usually aggregate, panicled or sim-
ple, axillary, very short. f; . ^. S. Native of the Burman
Empire, at Amherst. Flowers aggregate.
Fragrant Erysibe. Shrub climbing.
9 E. La;viGA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 1333.) glabrous, except the
outside of the inner calyxes ; leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated, entire ; calyxes ciliated ; racemes short, axil-
lary and terminal, panicled ; flowers aggregate. Pj . ^. G.
Native of China and Silhet. Corollas white ; anthers brown.
Smooth Erysibe. Shrub climbing.
10 E. glauce'scens (Wall. cat. no. 1334.) pedicels and
calyxes clothed with velvety brownish down ; leaves glabrous,
glaucescent, but perfectly glaucous beneath, broad-elliptic, acu-
minated ; racemes panicled, axillary and terminal, usually soli-
tary, elongated, the whole forming a diffuse, terminal panicle ;
flowers aggregate. Tj . >^. S. Native of Moalmyne.
Glaucescent Erysibe. Shrub climbing.
Cull. The species of Erysibe are well fitted for training up
rafters or pillars in stoves ; they are of easy culture, will grow
well in any rich light soil, and are readily propagated by young
cuttings in sand, in heat, with a hand-glass placed over them.
f A genus not known whether belonging to the order or not.
XI, ROCHEFO'RTIA (named in honour of M. De Roche-
fort, author of Histoire naturelle et morale des Isles Antilles
de r Amerique ; Rotterdam, 1639.) Swartz, prod. p. 54. fl. ind.
occ. 1. p. 552. icon. t. 10.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; with
ovate-oblong segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short
tube and open throat ; segments of the limb ovate-oblong,
spreading. Stamens 5, inserted in the plica? of the throat of
the corolla. Styles 2, subulate ; stigmas simple. Fruit glo-
bose, 2-celled. Seeds numerous, angular. — Branched shrubs,
with alternate leaves ; and corymbose, dichotomous, terminal,
and axillary inflorescence.
1 R. cunea'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 552. icon. t. 10.)
leaves cuneiform, obovate, entire, alternate, fascicled ; pedun-
cles terminal and axillary, subdichotomous, cymose. Ij . S.
Native of Jamaica, in stony mountain places. Branches flexuous,
terete, spinose, smooth ; spines close to the petioles, long. Leaves
fascicled, 1-3 together, rarely more, rather emarginate at top,
glabrous, of an obscure, shining, greenish brown colour above,
and paler beneath. Cymes shorter than the leaves. Flowers
small, greenish white. Calyx downy. Tube of corolla pen-
tagonal. Stainens subulate, inserted in the recesses, between
the lobes of the corolla. Stigmas villous, rather plumose.
Seeds angular.
C«»itY7/e-leaved Rochefortia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 R. ova'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 554.) leaves ovate,
emarginate, entire, villous ; peduncles many-flowered, twin,
HYDROPHYLLEiE. I. Hydropiiyllum.
393
shorter tlian the leaves. I? . S. Native of Jamaica, among
buslies in stony places. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves an
inch long. Segments of calyx erect, incumbent, with villous
margins. Tube of corolla campanulate, open, length of calyx,
or a little shorter ; segments oblong. Stamens shorter than the
segments of the corolla. Stigmas acute.
Ovate-leaved Rochefortia. Siirub S to 4 feet.
3 R. Brasilie'nsis (Hoffm. in Willd. herb, ex Rocm. et
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 210.) leaves ovate, acuminated, coriaceous,
remotely subserrated ; corymbs racemose. ^ . S. Native of
Brazil.
BrasUian Rochefortia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Curdia, p. 387.
N.B. Varronia mollis, Desf. tabl. de jard. par p. 220. is a
species of JSIelhchia, according to Desvaux.
Cordia asperrima, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 649. does not belong to
the order, but is a plant of the order Labialce.
Order CLXVIII. HYDROPHY'LLE^ (this order contains
plants agreeing with the genus Hijdrophijllmn in important cha-
racters.) R. Br, in bot. mag. vol. 50. t. 2373. append, to
Frankl. journ. Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 267. Boraginese,
sect. IL Juss. gen. 129. ed. Usteri, p. 144.
Calyx inferior, permanent, deeply 5-cleft ; the recesses be-
tween the segments often furnished with reflexed appen-
dages. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, shortly
5-cleft, rotately campanulate, rarely somewhat funnel-shaped.
Stamens 5, perigynous, alternating with the lobes of the
corolla, inflexed in aestivation ; anthers versatile, 2-ceHed ;
cells parallel, dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium superior, sim-
ple, I -celled. Style elongated, bifid ; stigmas 2, terminal.
Placentas 2, free to the back, or adnata to the parietes of
the fruit ; their inner surface bearing 2 or many ovula. Fruit
capsular, dehiscing by 2 valves; sometimes 1-celled, from the
large placentas filling the capsule ; but sometimes the dissepi-
ment is hardly complete, therefore the capsule is half 2-celled.
Seeds reticulated outside. Albumen copious, cartilaginous.
Embryo conical, with the radicle looking to the hilum. — Elegant
herbs, natives of America ; hispid, like those of Borag'mece.
Leaves usually lobed, alternate, or the lower ones are opposite.
Flowers disposed in unilateral, subdichotomous spikes or ra-
cemes, which are at first circinately scorpioid ; rarely axillary,
solitary, pedunculate. Corollas blue or pink, elegant.
This order is distinguished from Borag'mece, and its nearest
allies, by the capsular fruit, copious, cartilaginous albumen, pla-
centation of the seeds, and generally by the compound, or deeply
lobed leaves.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Hvdrophy'llum. Corolline processes 5, linear, adnate by
the back, but with the top and margins free. Stamens exserted.
Placentas large, biovulate.
2 Elli'sia. Calyx without appendages. Corolline processes
10, short, or wanting. Stamens rather shorter than the corolla.
Placentas large, biovulate.
3 Nemophila. Sinuses of the calyx furnished with reflexed
teeth. Corolline processes 10, short or wanting. Stamens
rather shorter than the corolla. Placentas large, 2-12-ovu-
late.
4 Eu'toca. Corolla deciduous. Ovarium pilose. Placentas
linear, 4, or many-ovulate. Capsule half 2-celled.
5 Phace'lia. Corolla deciduous. Ovarium pilose. Pla-
centas linear, 2-ovulate. Capsule falsely 2-celied.
6 Emmena'nthe. Corolla permanent. Ovarium clothed
with glandular pubescence. Placentas linear, adnate by the
back. Capsule falsely 2-celled.
L HYDROPHY'LLUM (from vcwp h^aroe, hydor liydalos,
water; and ^uWci', p/((///o(), a leaf. Miller supposes that Mo-
vinus gave it the name of IVater-leaf, because tlie spring water
stands in the cavity of the leaves, and not from its growing
in water, as Tournefort conjectures.) Tourn. inst. t. 16. Lin.
gen. p. S3, no. 284. Schreb. gen. no. 267. Juss. gen. p. 129.
ed. Usteri, p. 144. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 133. t. 110. Lam.
ill. t. 97. f. 1--2. Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 272.— Nemo-
phila species, Spreng.
LiN. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolline scales 5,
linear, adnate by the back, but with the margins and top free.
Stamens much exserted. Placentas large, free on the back,
filling the ovarium, biovulate. — Radical leaves numerous : cau-
line ones few, alternate, broad, pinnately or palniately cut. Ra-
cemes bractless, scorpioid, dichotomous. Corollas blue or
white.
1 H. ai'pendicula'tum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 134.)
lower leaves pinnate : cauline ones palmately lobed ; racemes
very loose ; calyx very hispid : the sinuses furnished with re-
flexed appendages. 2/. H. Native of Virginia, near Har-
per's Ferry, Tennessee, Alleghanies, &-c. on shady rocks near
springs. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 134. Benth. 1. c. p. 272.
Nemophila, paniculata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 569. Plant very
hairy. The radical leaves are like those of //. Virg'inica ; and
the upper ones like those of//. Canadensis. Pedicels almost
twice as long as the fructiferous calyx. Calyx o( Ne7nuphila,
but with the habit of the genus. Calyx almost the length of
the corolla. Corollas pale blue. Fascicles of flowers pani-
cled.
Jppcndiculale-cah-Ked Water-leaf. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1813. PI. I to 1 foot.
2 H. Canade'nse (Lin. spec. p. 208.) leaves palmately-
lobed or angular ; cymes of flowers loose ; calyx glabrous. 2/ .
H. Native from Canada to Pennsylvania, on wet rocks and
shady mountains. Lam. ill. t. 97. f. 2. Ker. bot. reg. t. 242.
Pursh, 1. c. Benth. 1. c. p. 273. Plant smoothish, or a little
liispid. Leaves broad, roundish, glabrous on both surfaces, or
hispid from a few hairs, hardly divided to the middle into
lobes, having the margins furnished with a few sharp teeth. Pe-
dicels usually shorter than the calyx. Corollas white, tinged
with blue or purple.
Canac/ian Water-leaf. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub i
to 1 foot.
3 H. Virgi'nicum (Lin. spec. 208.) leaves pinnate : seg-
ments deeply cut ; cymes of flowers rather loose ; calycine seg-
ments narrow-linear, ciliately hispid. If. H. Native from
Canada to Carolina, in shady, rocky situations. Lam. ill. t.
97. f. 1. Ker. bot. reg. t. 331. Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 114. t.
35. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 134.— Sabb. hort. rom. 1. t. 15. — Mor.
hist. 3. p. 599. sect. 15. t. 1. f. 1.— Dod. pempt. 77. t. 77.
Benth. 1. c. Plant smoothish. Leaves hispid from a few scat-
S E
394
HYDROPHYLLE^E. I. Hydrophyllum. II. Ellisia. III. Nemophila.
tered pili above, pale and glabrous beneath, with 2-3 pairs of
segments : lower segments on short petioles : upper ones usu-
ally combined with the terminal one. Corollas beautiful blue.
Virginian Water-leaf. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1739. PI. i to
1 foot.
4 H. macrophy'llum (Nult. in journ. acad. nat. scienc. phil.
7. p. 111.) leaves pinnate ; segments or leaflets deeply toothed ;
cymes of flowers very dense; calycine segments lanceolate, cili-
ately hispid. 2/. H. Native of North-west America, in fis-
sures of moist rocks, in the interior of Columbia, Douglas,
1826; in the forests of Kentucky, Mr. Short, ex Nutt, I.e.
H. capitiitum, Dougl. mss. ex Benth. 1. c. p. 282. H. cffilesti-
num, Dougl. mss. The s))ecimens collected on moist rocks in
the interior of Columbia, (H. capitatum, Dougl. mss.,) have the
leaves hispid on both surfaces ; the segments or leaflets but
little divided, and not narrowed at tlieir base. The other speci-
mens gathered in shady moist woods (H. caelestinum, Dougl.
mss.) have the leaves larger, with broader segments, much more
cut, and the flowers fewer. The same plant also occurs in
California, but with the leaves much more hispid on the upper
surface, and clothed with whitish down beneath, ex Benth. All
these diflerences are perhaps attributable to locality. Corollas
blue.
Large-leaved Water-leaf PI. 1 foot ?
•j- j4 doubtful species.
5 H. linea're (Pursh, fl. 1. p. 134.) pilose; leaves linear;
racemes elongated. 2/ . H. Native on the banks of the Mis-
souri.
Z(»fn)-leaved Water-leaf Fl. April. PL?
Cull. Plants of the most easy culture. They thrive best in
a shady moist situation, and are readily increased by dividing at
the root in spring or autumn.
II. ELLI'SIA (so named by Linnfeus, in memory of his cor-
respondent John Ellis, F.R..S., author of a Treatise on Corol-
lines.) Lin. gen. p. 83. no. 244. Sehreb. gen. no. 268. Juss.
gen. p. 129. ed. Usteri, p. 144. Benth. in. Lin. trans. 17. p.
274.
Lin. syst. Pcntandria, Monogijnia. Calyx without appen-
dages at the sinuses. Corolline processes 10, short or wanting.
Stamens rather shorter than the corolla. Placentas large, free
on the back, filling the ovarium, biovulate. — North American
small annual herbs. Leaves pinnately cut : lower ones oppo-
site. Lo\yer peduncles opposite the leaves : superior ones dis-
posed in simple, unilateral, loose racemes,
1 E. Nyctele'a (Lin. gen.
97. syst. 195. mant. p. 336.)
petioles without appendages ;
leaves pinnatifid, with cut lobes;
calyx increasing much after flo-
rescence. 0. II. Native of
Virginia, on the banks of the
Potomac river, and on the banks
of the Missouri. Gaertn. fil.
carp. 3. t. 184. f. 6. Lam. ill.
t. 97.— Benth. 1. c. p. 274. Po-
len onium Nyctelea, Lin. spec.
231. Ehret, nov. act. ups. 1.
p. 97. t. 5. f 5. Trew. pi. scl.
p. 56. t. 99. Planta Lithosper-
iTia aff'inis. Act. eph. nat. cur.
1761. p. 330. t. 7. f 1 Mor.
hist. 3. p. 451. sect. 11 . t. 28.
FIG. 38.
f. 3. Segments of the fruit-bearing calyx ovate-lanceolate,
acute, foliaceous, half an inch long. Stem dichotomous. Pe-
duncles 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves. Leaves downy. Flow-
ers drooping. Corolla white, with minute, purple dots inside
the divisions.
Nyctelea or Cut-leaved Ellisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1755.
PI. i foot.
2 E. ambi'gua (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 118.) plant decumbent,
branched ; stem glabrous, rather glaucous ; leaves hairy, ly-
rately pinnatifid, almost sessile : segments nearly lanceolate,
angularly toothed or lobed ; racemes opposite the leaves, lateral
and terminal ; corolla small, hardly longer than the calyx :
with emarginate segments. ©. H. Native on the banks of
the Missouri, in alluvial soils. Corolla white ?
Ambiguous Ellisia. PI. decumbent.
3 E. microca'lyx (Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans, n. s. 5.
p. 191.) smoothish, decumbent; leaves lyrately pinnatifid, on
long petioles ; segments few (3-5) i lateral ones oblique, deeply
toothed: middle one trifid and obtuse ; flowers solitary, minute.
Q.'H. Native of the Arkansas, Alabana, &c. Hydrophyllum
pusillum, Muhl. herb. Leaves slightly hairy ; lateral segments
half reniform ; the terminal division nearly entire, but trifid.
Calyx minute. Corolla very small, subcampanulate ; with 5
shallow lobes.
Small-cahjxed Ellisia. PI. decumbent.
4 E. ranuncula'cea (Nutt. 1. c.) rather hairy ; stems pro-
cumbent ; leaves pinnatifid, somewhat 5-lobed : superior ones
tripartite, deeply toothed, obtuse, on long petioles ; racemes
secund, few-flowered. ©. H. Native of the Arkansas, in
shady, alluvial, humid forests. Lateral segments of the supe-
rior leaves toothed on the lower side ; the central segment trifid.
Corolla pale blue, cylindrically campanulate, naked. Ovarium
hairy. Nearly allied to E. amhigua, from which it differs in
the less compound leaves, on conspicuous petioles.
Cronfoot-like Ellisia. PI. procumbent.
5 E. membrana'cea (Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 274.)
quite glabrous ; petioles exappendiculate ; leaves pinnatifid : seg-
ments quite entire ; calyx hardly increasing after florescence.
©.? H. Native of California, Douglas. Leaves thin; lobes
divaricate, broad-lanceolate, obtuse. Flowers small, pedicel-
late, loosely racemose. Corolla white.
AIembranous-\ea\eA Ellisia. PI. ?
6 E. CHRYSANTHEMiFOLiA (Benth. 1. c.) hispid ; petioles au-
riculately dilated at the base ; leaves sub-bipinnatifid : lobes
deeply toothed, obtuse; calyx increasing a little after flores-
cence. 0.?H. Native of California, Douglas. Flowers similar
to those of E. membrandcea. Processes of corolla toothed.
Chrysanthemum-leaved Ellisia. PI, ?
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
the open ground ; and if allowed to scatter their seeds, will
maintain themselves.
III. NEMO'PHILA (from ii/joc, nemos, a grove ; and
^iXeo), phileo, to love ; the plants delight in shady situations.)
Barton, fl. amer. p. 61. Nutt. journ. acad. nat. scienc. phil.
vol. 2. p. 179. Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 272. — Phacelia
species, Juss. gen. p. 144. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 140.
Lin. syst. Pent&ndria, 3fonogynia. Sinuses between the
lobes of the calyx appendiculated by reflexed teeth. Corolline
processes 10, short or wanting. Stamens rather shorter than
the corolla. Placentas large, free on the back, filling the ova-
rium, 2-12-ovulate. — Diffuse, brittle, annual herbs. Lower
leaves opposite ; all pinnatifid. Peduncles sometimes axillary,
1-flowered; sometimes few at the tops of the branches, disposed
in short racemes. Flowers usually blue.
HYDROPHYLLE^. III. Nemophila. IV. Eutoca.
395
1 N. PARViFLoRA (Doiigl. itiss. ex Beiitli. 1. c. p. 275.) leaves
pinnatifid : lobes few, bioad, a little tootlied ; sinuses of calyx
with short appendages; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx;
placentas 2-ovulate. ©. H. Native of Columbia, on the west
coast of America, Douglas and Scouler. Flowers small. Appen-
dages of calyx usually very short, sometimes hardly evident,
rarely elongating after florescence. Processes of corolla small,
narrow.
Small-fowered Nemophila. Fl. ? Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
2 N. peduncula'ta (Dougl. mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) leaves pin-
natifid ; sinuses of the calyx furnished with short appendages ;
corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; placentas G-ovulate. ©,
H. Native of North-west America, on the Columbia, Douglas.
Habit, calyx, and corolla, almost as in N. panriflura. Leaves
narrower, on longish petioles; and the lobes more entire and
distinct.
Pedunculate Nemophila. PI. 1 foot ?
3 N. PHACELiofDES (Bart. fl. amer. bor. p. 61.) petioles with-
out appendages ; corolla exceeding the calyx a little ; sinuses of
the calyx furnished with lanceolate appendages, which equal in
length one half the calyx ; placentas biovulate. ©.or ^ . H.
Native of North America. Sweet, fl. gard. 1. t. 32. Sims,
bot. mag. 2373. N. Nuttallii, Coll. hort. rip. append, t. 5.
Corollas blue. This plant is nearly related to N. parvif/bra ;
but difters in the flowers, which are twice the size, and the
larger or longer appendages of the calyx.
/"Aflce/ia-Z/le Nemophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1
foot.
4 N. AURiTA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1601.) petioles aurieulately
dilated at the base ; sinuses of the calyx furnished with elon-
gated appendages ; corolla twice as long as the calyx ; placentas
biovulate. ©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Leaves
while opposite connate at the base ; lobes lanceolate, quite
entire, divaricate, or tending to the base of the leaf. Peduncles
somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches. Corolla nearly
an inch in diameter, purple. Benth. 1. c. p. 275.
£arc(/-petioled Nemophila. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1831.
PI. prostrate.
5 N. insi'gnis (Dougl. mss. ex Benth. 1. c. p. 275. Lindl.
bot. reg. 1713.) petioles without appendages; corolla twice as
long as the calyx ; placentas 10-1 2-ovulate. ©. H. Native
of California, Douglas. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 329.
N. phacelioides, Ker. bot. reg. t. 740. 1 Herb deep green.
Leaves with 3-4 lobes on each side, quite entire or cut. Pe-
duncles longer than the leaves. Corolla blue, with a white centre,
more than an inch in diameter. Processes of the corolla villous
at the base.
Showy Nemophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 foot.
6 N. atoma'ria (Fisch. et Meyer, cat. sem. hort. petrop. p.
42.) leaves opposite, pinnatifid : lobes 5-9, almost entire ; pe-
duncles axillary, elongated ; corolla rotate, with a very pilose
bottom, and obovate segments; jjlacentas about 10-ovulate;
seeds strophiolate, smooth. ©. H. Native of New Califor-
nia, about the Russian colony, Ross. Very like N. ins'ignis,
but the herb is pale green ; the flowers white, ornamented with
violaceous spots. Seeds yellowish, beset with minute scales, as
in A', insignis. Corollas nearly an inch in diameter.
^tom Nemophila. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. 1 foot.
7 N. Menzie'sii (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
152.) leaves all pinnatifid, scabrous : segments approximate,
ovate, obtuse, ciliated, somewhat tridentately lobed ; peduncles
twice as long as the leaves, and opposite them ; calyx with lan-
ceolate segments, and minute appendages to the sinuses. ©,
H. Native of Chili ? Capsule many-seeded. Corollas blue ?
Menzies's Nemophila. PI. 1 foot ?
Cull. These are all pretty plants, and worth cultivating.
The seeds may be reared on a hot-bed, if the plants are wanted
to flower early ; but if otherwise, they may be sown in the o])en
ground. They delight in a moist, shady situation, and peat or
vegetable soil.
IV. EU^TOCA (from turorac, cutocos, fruitful ; in reference
to the number of seeds in each capsule.) R. Br. in append,
to Frankl. trav. ed. 2. p. 51. t. 27. Dougl. in bot. reg. t.
1180. Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 276. — Phacelia species,
Pursh.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogyn'ia. Corolla deciduous.
Ovarium ovoid-globose, hispid from pili. Placentas linear,
adnate by the back to the parietes of the ovarium, 4 to many-
ovulate. Capsule half 2-celled, from the dissepiment being
incomplete. — Annual herbs, \isually erect, with the habit of
Phacelia, rarely diffiise or divaricate. Flowers racemose, dense
and sessile, or loose and pedunculate. Cymes unilateral, sim-
ple or dichotomous.
1 E. Dougla'sii (Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 276.) diff'use ;
leaves all pinnatifid: with ovate, almost entire lobes ; placentas
12-20-ovu!ate. ©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Leaves
nearly all radical, hispid ; with 4-6 lobes on each side. Flori-
ferous stems ascending, furnished with a fevv leaves at the base,
naked and many-flowered at the apex. Peduncles elongated.
Flowers as large as Nemophila insignis, to which plant the habit
is referrible.
Douglas's Eutoca. PI. 1 foot.
2 E. CuMiNGii (Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 276.) erect,
clothed with scabrous pubescence ; leaves elongated, pinnate :
lobes or leaflets oblong, obtuse, cut a little ; placentas 6-8-
ovulate. ©. H. Native of the Andes of Chili. The corolla
appears to be shorter than the calyx. Very nearly allied to E.
brachijloha.
Cuming's Eutoca. PI. 1 fool ?
3 E. brachy'loba (Benth. 1. c. p. 277.) erect, beset with
scabrous pubescence ; leaves long, pinnatifid : lobes ovate,
obtuse, a little cut ; placentas 6-8-ovulate. ©. H. Native of
California. Douglas. Leaves petiolate, 2-3 inches long, with 6
lobes on each side. Pedicels short. Racemes dichotomous,
almost as in Phacelia circinata.
Short-lobed-leaved Eutoca. PI. I foot ?
4 E. Mexicana (Benth. 1. c.) diff'use ; leaves ovate-oblong,
deeply pinnatifid : lobes ovate or oblong, glabrous on both
surfaces ; placentas, 6-8-ovulate. 0. H. Native of Mexico,
in the neighbourhood of the mines of Tlalpuxahua, and be-
tween that place and the city of Mexico, G. J. Graham.
Racemes elongated, simple. Flowers pedicellate, twice as large
as those of E. parvijlora, to which the present species is nearly
allied ; the filaments are pilose as in it, and the processes of
the corolla are wanting.
Mexican Eutoca. PI. diffuse.
5 E. parviflora (R. Br. append, to Frankl. trav. ed. 2d. p. 5 1 .
Benth. 1. c.) diffuse ; leaves pinnatifid or trifid : the superior
ones sometimes undivided, and the lobes of the lower ones
are ovate, or oblong, quite entire, hispid on both surfaces;
placentas 6 -S-ovulate. ©• H. Native of Pennsylvania, Schwein-
iiz ; Alleghanies, Drummond ; on rocks near Harper's Ferry
on the Potomac, Pursh. Phacelia parviflora, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 140. Polemonium diibium, Willd. spec. 1. p. 887.
— Polemonium, foliis inferioribus hastatis, superioribus lanct-
olatis, Gron. virg. p. 29. — Plukn. aim. t. 245. f. 5. Flowers
small, pale blue.
Small-Jluwered 'Entoc?i. Fl. May. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot ?
6 E. loas/efoua (Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 277.) erect,
3 E 2
396
HYDROPHYLLE^. IV. Eutoca. V. Phacelia.
very hispid ; leaves ovate, pinnatifid : lobes broad, acute,
deeply-tootlied ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; stamens
exserted ; placentas 6-8-ovulate. ©. H. Native of Califor-
nia, Douglas. Habit almost of Pliacilia. All parts of the
plant very hairy from long stiff pili, intermixed with clammy
down.
Loasa-leaved Eutoca. PI. 1 foot ?
7 E. Franklinii (R. Br. in append, to Frankl. trav. p. 52.
Benth. I. c.) erect ; leaves pinnatifid, or bipinnatifid ; ovula
20 or more to each placenta. Q. H. Native of North Ame-
rica. Hook. bot. mag. 2985. Corollas with a blue limb and
white tube.
Franklins Eutoca. Fl. April, July
8 E. Menzie'sii (R.Br. I.e.)
CIt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
FIG. 38.
erect, hispid ; leaves linear, or
lanceolate, quite entire, some-
times trifid or pinnatifid ; pla-
centas 20, or many-ovulate.
©. H. Native of North West
America, on dry sandy soils,
and California, Douglas. E.
multiflora, Dougl. in bot. reg.
t. 1180. Lehm. pug. 2. p. 19.
E. echioides, and E. glomera-
ta, Dongl. mss. E. congesta,
Dougl. mss. Lehm. pug. 2. p. 18.
Plant variable in the breadth of
the leaves and stature. Corol-
las blue.
Menzies's Eutoca. Fl. May,
Jidy. Clt. 182G. PI. li foot.
9 E. sEuicEA (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. July 1830. p.
1 72.) erectish ; leaves silky on both surfaces, pinnatifid ; seg-
ments cut outwardly ; superior leaves linear, entire ; stamens 3
times as long as the corolla ; placentas many-ovulate, several of
which are abortive. ©. H. Native of North America. Hook,
bot. mag. t. 3003. E. pulchella, Lehm. pug. 2. p. 18. Flow-
ers blue.
Silky Eutoca. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
10 E. GUANDiFLORA (Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 278.) as-
cending ; leaves broad, ovate, toothed, sub-cordate at the base ;
placentas above 50-ovulate. ©. H. Native of California,
Douglas. Stem or branches nearly simple. Leaves H inch
long, and almost as broad, wrinkled, hispid, as well as'stems
and calyxes. Racemes numerous, at the top of the stem circi-
nate. Calyxes nearly sessile. Corolla li inch in diameter,
without any processes. Filaments glabrous.
Grcal-Jlowcred Eutoca. PI. 1 foot ?
HE. divarica'ta (Benth. 1. c.) stems dichotomously divari-
cate; leaves all ovate, undivided; placentas 12-20-ovulate.
©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1784.
Leaves all alternate. Racemes many-flowered, unilateral. Flow-
ers almost sessile. Calyx increasing much after florescence.
Corolla pale blue, exceeding the calyx a little.
Divaricate Eutoca. PI. decumbent.
12 E. pHACELioiDES (Benth. 1. c. p. 279.) erect, branched;
leaves all ovate, undivided, quite entire; placentas 4-ovulate.
©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Habit of Phacelia
circinata, but much smaller. Leaves all alternate, petiolate.
Racemes many-flowered. Flowers nearly sessile. Calyxes
very hispid. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, exceediuT the
calyx a little. Stamens inclosed within the tube.
Phacelia-like Eutoca. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 E. Wrangelia'na (Fisch. et Meyer, cat. sera. hort. pe-
trop. p. 37.) diffuse, downy ; leaves ovate, acute, quite entire ;
corollas about twice as long as the calyx, and about equal in
length to the stamens ; placentas 8-lO-ovulate. ©. H. Native
of New California, about the Russian colony, Ross. Herb
canescent, much-branched. Corollas an inch in diameter, blu-
ish-violet.
WrangeVs Euiocdi. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. diffuse.
14 E. vi'sciDA (Benth. in bot. reg. t. 1808.) clothed with
clammy pili ; stem erect, branched ; leaves cordate-ovate, a little
angular, serrated ; racemes elongated, forked and simple ; pla-
centas many-ovulate. ©. H. Native of California. Corolla
fine blue ; tube rose-coloured.
Viscid Eutoca. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1834. PI. 2 feet.
Cull. All the species are elegant and hardy. They succeed
best on rockwork, in dry, sandy, or gravelly soil. They are
raised from seeds, which are produced sparingly.
V. PHACE'LIA (from (paKtXoQ, phakelos, a fascicle ; in
reference to the fascicles of flowers.) Juss. gen. p. 129. ed.
Usteri, p. 144. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 134. t. 16. Benth.
in Lin. trans. 17. p. 279.
LiN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia, Corolla deciduous.
Ovarium ovoid-globose, hispid from pili. Placentas linear,
usually adnate by the back to the parietes of the ovarium, bi-
ovulate. Capsule falsely 2-celled, from the dissepiment being
almost complete. — Annual or perennial, erect or diffuse herbs,
natives of America. Flowers racemose, dense, sessile, or loose,
pedicellate. Cymes unilateral, simple, or forked.
1 P. MALV^FLORA (Cham, in Linnaea, 4. p. 495.) hispid ;
leaves broadly cordate-ovate, lobed ; calycine segments linear-
spatulate, hispid : outer one large; stamens exserted. $. H.
Native of California. Corolla campanulate, a little longer than
the calyx ; limb unequally 5-lobed. Plant beset with glandular
and simple hairs.
Mallow-flowered Phacelia. PI. \\ foot.
2 P. brachya'ntha (Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 279.) leaves
ovate, quite entire, undivided, or furnished with 1-2 lobules at
the base ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; stamens inclosed.
$ . H. Native of the Andes of Chili, at the baths of Collina.
Habit of P. circinata. Flowers almost like those of Eutoca
phacelioides, but the placentas are constantly biovulate.
Short-flowered Phacelia. PI. 1| foot.
3 P. circina'ia (Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 135. t. 91.) leaves
usually pinnate, but sometimes undivided : lobes oblong or
ovate, quite entire, unequal ; corolla more than one-h.alf longer
than the calyx; stamens exserted. $ . or If.H. Native of
Chili, Straits of Magellan, Commerson ; Peru, Ruiz, et Pavon ;
Mexico, on Mount Orizaba, Schiede and Deppe ; California,
Chamisso, Douglas, &c. ; on the Columbia, Dougl. and Scouler;
on the banks of the Kooskoosky, Lewis. P. Peruviana, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 584. Cham, in Linnsea, 4. p. 494. P. Californica,
Cham. 1. c. P. heterophylla, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 140.
P. rudis, Dougl. mss. P. hastata, Dougl. mss. ex Lehm. pug.
2. p. 20. Heliotropium pinnatum, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 21.
Hydrophyllum Magellanicum, Lam. journ. d'hist. nat. 19. p.
373. H. Aldea, Roem. et Schidtes, syst. 4. p. 114. Aldea
pinnata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 8. t. 114. Aldea circinata,
Willd. enum. suppl. p. 9. Leaves ternate, or pinnate, with 5
leaflets ; leaflets unequal. Spikes glomerately capitate, cir-
cinate. Plant hispid, canescent from villi and pubescence.
There are several varieties of this plant, differing in the pubes-
cence, which variation is probably owing to locality. Flowers
pale blue, or purplish. Floral leaves simple. Spikes dicho-
tomous.
C'jjcmate-spiked Phacelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
HYDROPHYLLE^E. V. Phacelia. VI. Emmenanthe. SOLANACE^.
397
4 P. INTEGRIFOLIA (Torrey, in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 222.
t. 3.) leaves ovate, undivided, crenately seriated ; stamens
exserted. !(.? H. Native of the banks of the river Platte.
Ent'trc-lcaved Pliacelia. PI. 1^ foot?
5 P. cilia'ta (Bcnth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 2S0.) clothed with
scabrous pubescence ; leaves pinnate : leaflets oblong, obtuse,
somewhat pinnatilid ; calycine segments ovate, rather mem-
branous, reticulated, ciliated on the margins ; stamens about
equal in length to the corolla. !{.. ? H. Native of California,
Douglas. Leaves almost like those of Eiitoca Cumingii, and
with the habit of Eutoca hrachyloba, but the placentas are bi-
ovulate.
C'i/Ja<erf-calyxed Phacelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 P. RAMOsissiMA (Dougl. mss. ex Lehm. pug. 2. p. 21.
Benth. 1. c.) clothed with scabrous glandular pubescence or
hispid ; leaves pinnate : leaflets ovate, obtuse, somewhat pin-
natilid ; calycine segments oblong, green, hispid ; stamens
exserted. 1/.? H. Native of California, and on the Colum-
bia, Douglas. Branches elongated, divaricately-branched, few-
leaved. Flowers rather smaller than those of P. circinula.
Corolla and ovarium glabrous. Calyx ciliated with glandular
hairs.
Much-branched Phacelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
7 P. TANACETiFOLiA (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with scabrous
pubescence, or hispid ; leaves bi-pinnatifid : leaflets oblong,
dentately pinnatifid ; calycine segments oblong-linear, hispid ;
stamens exserted. ■y..? H. Native of California, Douglas.
Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1696. Stem branched at the base. Flowers
blue, a little smaller than in P. circinala.
Tansy-leaved Phacelia. PI. 1 to 1 1^ foot.
8 P. BipiNNATiFiDA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 134. t. 16.)
erect ; leaves pinnatifid : segments deeply lobed ; spikes for
the most part bifid, oblong, many-flowered ; lobes of corolla
entire. "H.. H. Native of the Western counties, principally
on the Alleghany moimtains, and in Kentucky, and on the
Missouri, and from Pennsylvania to Virginia. Pursh. fl. 1. p.
140. P. pubescens, Poir. diet. 5. p. 239. Plant pubescent.
Corollas blue.
Bip'innatiJid-leaxtA Phacelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 P. fimbria'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 134. t. 16.)
assurgent, pilose ; leaves pinnate, or pinnatifid : leaflets entire ;
racemes loose ; corolla fringed ; ovaries seated on a very
thick base. 11^. H. Native on high mountains in Carolina,
Michx. ; near Harper's Ferry on the Potomac, Pursh ; in
Kentucky, Torrey. Habit of Eutoca I\Iexicuna. Leaves ses-
sile, or on short petioles ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, glabrous
beneath, but hispid from pili above. Racemes solitary ; pedi-
cels elongated. Flowers beautiful blue, ex Pursh ; white, ex
Michx.
Fringed-RowexeA Phacelia. PI. 1 foot.
10 P. gla'bra (Nutt. 1. c. p. 192.) erect; leaves pinnatifid;
superior ones stem-clasping, ciliated : segments almost entire ;
calycine segments ovate ; lobes of corolla entire, naked ; fila-
ments bearded at the base. 0 or ^ . H. Native of the
Arkansas, in humid and elevated woods, on the edges of
rivulets, near the Dardanelle settlement. Very like the fol-
lowing, growing, however, not more than 5-6 inches high.
Segments of the lower leaves 3-4 pairs, somewhat incisely
toothed, and obtuse; the upper leaves pectinately pinnatifid.
Calycine segments ovate, ciliated. Corolla lilac-blue, campa-
nulate, rather large and pilose externally ; the lobes sub-oval,
having 10 purplish spots at the base of the corolla. Stamens
a little exserted. Capsule smooth, 4 to S-seeded.
Glabrous Phacelia. Fl. April. PI. \ foot.
1 1 P. hirsu'ta (Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans, n. s. 5. p.
191.) stem erect, branched; leaves pinnatifid: superior ones
sessile : segments nearly entire ; calycine segments linear,
spreading ; lobes of corolla entire, naked ; filaments bearded at
the base. ©. ^ . H. Native of the Arkansas, in sylvan prai-
ries ; common from the Cadron to the garrison at Belle Point.
The whole plant hairy. Upper leaves pectinately pinnatifid ;
the segments of the lower leaves sparingly toothed ; those of
the upper ones linear and entire. Spikes simple, rarely bifid ;
pedicels longer than the calyxes. Calycine segments linear.
Corolla campanulate, purplish blue, 5-grooved, the grooves
naked and melliferous. Capsule ovate, hairy, 4-8-seeded, the
ovarium 8-10-ovulate.
Hairy Phacelia. Fl. April, May. PI. § to 1 foot.
12 P. confe'rta (Hook. bot. mag. t. 3452. D. Don, in
Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 327.) clothed with hoary down, inter-
mixed with bristly hairs ; leaves bi-pinnatifid : segments ovate-
oblong, acute, deeply serrated ; calycine segments linear-lance-
olate, acute; stamens exserted. ©. H. Native of Texas.
Racemes terminal, many-flowered, cymose, often forked, bract-
less. Corolla campanulate, pale blue. Placentas biovulate.
Crowded-Lowered. Phacelia. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1835. PI.
1 to U foot.
Cult. Some of the species of Phacelia axe pretty when in
blossom. They all require a sheltered situation, and as they are
apt to rot in the winter, the situation in which they are grown
should also be dry. A few duplicate plants of each should be
grown in pots, in order that they may be sheltered in winter.
All are increased by seeds.
VI. EMMENA'NTHE (from efijjicvriQ, emmenes, permanent ;
and aydog, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the corolla being
permanent.) Benth. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 281.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Corolla permanent.
Ovarium oblong compressed, clothed with glandular pubes-
cence. Placentas linear, adnate by the back, 8-ovulate. Cap-
sule falsely 2-celled, from the half complete dissepiment, which
is thickened at the axis. — An elegant, erect, branched herb,
clothed with rather clammy villi. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid,
half stem-clasping, not auricled at the base. Racemes nume-
rous, erect, slender, circinate before florescence ; pedicels
slender, longer than the flowers. Flowers pendulous, 5 lines
long. Calyx pubescent, rather clammy. Corolla campanulate,
white or yellowish ? spotted with purple inside at the base ;
corolline processes 10, minute, at the base of the corolla.
Stamens shorter than the corolla. The capsule is somewhat
4-celled from the placentas being thickened at the axils.
1. E. penduliflora (Benth. 1. c.) 1/.? H. Native of
California, Douglas.
Pendulous-Jlorvcrcd Emmenanthe. PI. erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Phacelia, above.
N. B. Phacelia furcata, Dougl. mss. is a Polemoniaceous
plant allied to Gilia, and probably a new genus, ex Benth. Con-
volvulus jtlatycarpus, Cav. and a few others may be Hydrophyl-
laceous plants.
Order CLXVII. SOLANA'CEyE (this order contains
plants agreeing with Solanum, or the potatoe tribe, in par-
ticular characters.) Sol^neae, Juss. gen. p. 124. ed. Usteri, p.
138. R. Br. prod. p. 443. ed. Nees, p. 299. Barll. ord. nat.
pp. 122. 193.
Calyx usually 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft, permanent, inferior.
398
SOLANACE^.
Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous ; limb 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft,
regular, or a little unequal, deciduous, with the aestivation pli-
cate in the legitimate genera ; but imbricate in the spurious
ones. Stamens epipetalous, equal in number to the segments of
the corolla, and alternating with them, one of which is some-
times abortive. Ovarium 1-2-3-4-celled, many-seeded. Style
one ; stigma obtuse, rarely lobed. Fruit or pericarp 2-4-celled ;
a capsule with a parallel or duplicate dissepiment ; or a berry
having the placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds nume-
rous, sessile. Albumen fleshy. Embryo inclosed, more or less
arched, usually excentrical, with the radicle tending to the um-
bilicus Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided or
lobed : floral ones placed nigh together, often twin. Inflo-
rescence variable, usually extra-axillary ; pedicels bractless.
This order is distinguished from Scroj)huldrince, particularly in
the arched or spiral embryo ; in the plicate aestivation of the
corolla, and in the flowers being generally regular, and the
stamens equal. — Perhaps those genera, having the aestivation of
the corolla not plicate, and the embryo straight, should be ex-
cluded, or combined into a separate order with those having the
a-stivation of the corolla imbricate, the embryo arched, and the
stamens didynamous.
The Deadly Nightshade represents this order, which partici-
pates very generally in its qualities, although they are very fre-
quently hidden beneath a fairer form, and often much mitigated.
Many of the Solanums are very handsome. The root of S.
tuberosum is the common potatoe. The Verbdscums, Daturas,
Snldndras, and Brunfels'ias, &c. are all plants of great beauty,
although the former, on account of their frequency, are des-
pised in gardens. Capsicums are famous for their pungent
fruits and seeds ; the Cayenne pepper being the pulverized
fruit of several species ; Brimfelsias for their fragrance and
beauty ; and Nicotidnas or Tobacco for their fetor. The leaves
of the whole order have a disagreeable smell. The usual eff'ect
of solanaceous plants is narcotic ; but it is thought that this has
been exaggerated on account of the intense and deleterious pro-
perties ot /4'tropa Belladonna. These, according to the observa-
tions of Vauquelin, depend upon the presence of a bitter, nau-
seous matter, which is soluble in spirits of wine, forming with
tannin an insoluble compound ; and giving out ammonia when
decomposed by fire. Notwithstanding the narcotic power of the
roots of Mandrake, the Belladonna, and others, those of the
potatoe are found to contain an abundant fecula, which is amonw
the most valuable food for man. The leaves of many Solana-
ceous plants are exciting and narcotic, but in very unequal de-
gree, as in Tobacco, Physdlis, Henbane, &c. ; those of the
Nightshade excite vertigo, convulsions, and vomiting. The
juice of Stramonium is given in North America in doses of from
no to 30 grains, in cases of epilepsy. The fruit of Physdlis
Alkekengi is a veterinary diuretic ; those of P. edulis, jntbescens,
and others, are used in tarts ; that of Lycopersicum vulgdre, and
that of the Soldnum Melongena, are served at tables in various
forms, under the name of Tomatoes and Aubergines.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tkibe I.
Sola'ne*;. Limb of corolla plicate in festivation. Stamens
equal in number to the segments of the corolla. Anthers dehis-
cing lengthwise, except in the genus Soldnum. Embryo much
curved. Fruit baccate. Placentas usually adnate to the disse-
piment.
1 Sola'num. Calyx 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft. Corolla rotate,
rarely campanulate, usually 5-cleft. Anthers connivent, de-
hiscing by pores at apex. Berry 2, rarely 4-celled.
2 Lycope'rsicum. Calyx 5-6-parted. Corolla rotate, 5-
6-cleft. Anthers conniving, membranous at top, dehiscing
lengthwise. Berry 2-3-celled. Seeds villous.
3 Peltanthe'ra. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate. An-
thers hamately-sagittate, dehiscing lengthwise, furnished each
with a peltate, sessile appendage on the back.
4 Ca'psicum. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla rotate. Anthers
conniving, dehiscing lengthwise. Berry 2, rarely 3-celled,
chartaceous, hollow, naked.
5 Physa^lis. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla campanulately ro-
tate. Anthers connivent, dehiscing lengthwise. Berry 2-celled,
hidden by the inflated calyx.
6 Sara'ciia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla campanulately rotate,
reflexed. Stamens bearded. Anthers separate, dehiscing length-
wise. Berry 2-celled, covered by the calyx to the middle.
7 Witheri'ngia. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 4-5-
cleft. Anthers connivent, dehiscing lengthwise. Berry 2-
celled, propped by the calyx.
8 Netou'xia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ;
throat furnished with an entire, tubular, short corona. Anthers
dehiscing lengthwise.
9 Mandra'gora. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Corolla campa-
nulate. Stamens dilated at the base, and connivent. Ovarium
biglandular at the base. Berry solid, 1 -celled.
10 A'tropa. Calyx loose, 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate,
ventricose. Stamens usually exserted. Stigma depressed.
Berry 2-celled ; placentas free.
1 1 Anisodus. Calyx campanulate, unequally 5-lobed. Co-
rolla campanulate. Stamens straight. Berry 2-celled, in-
closed in the inflated calyx, operculate.
12 Nica'ndra. Calyx 5-parted, inflated; segments sagit-
tate. Corolla campanulate. Stamens incurved. Berry fleshy,
dry, 3-5-celled, covered by the calyx.
13 Ly'cium. Calyx 5-toothed, or 3-5-lobed. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped or tubular. Stamens usually exserted. Stigma de-
pressed. Berry 2-celled.
14 AcNlSTUS. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ;
limb imbricate in aestivation, reflexed. Stamens exserted.
Stigma funnel-shaped. Berry 2-celled.
15 Jabarosa. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate or
tubular ; limb induplicate in aestivation. Stamens short, in-
serted towards the top of the tube. Berry 2-3-celled.
SOLANACEyE.
399
Tribe II.
NicoTiA^NEiE. Limb of corolla plicate in Bestivation. Sta-
mens equal in number to the segments of the corolla, rarely
fewer. Fruit capsular, 2-celled, usually 2-valved ; valves
bifid at apex. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft. Embryo much curved.
16 Nicotia'na. Calyx tubular. Corolla funnel-shaped, or
salver-shaped ; limb equal. Stamens rather unequal, inclosed
or exserted. Capsule dehiscing by 4 parts at apex ; placentas
free.
17 Saira'nthus. Calyx campanulately ventricose, unequal.
Corolla funnel- shaped ; tube ventricose above, a little curved ;
limb subringent, rather unequal. Stamens unequal, a little
exserted. Capsule as in Nicotiana.
18 Lehma'nnia. Corolla ringent, with a narrow, incurved
tube ; limb campanulate. Stamens exserted, unequal, recurved.
Capsule covered by the calyx ; placentas free.
19 Petunia. Segments of calyx foliaceous, spatulate. Co-
rolla with a short tube, and a dilated, rather unequal limb.
Stamens unequal, inclosed. Placentas adnate.
20 Nierembe'rgia. Calycine segments foliaceous, lanceolate,
or spatulate. Corolla with a long slender tube ; and an equal,
dilated limb. Stamens exserted ; filaments combined at the
base. Stigma transverse or peltate. Placentas adnate.
21 Salpiglossis. Calyx 5-angled, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-lobed ; lobes 2-lobed. Stamens didynamous, with
the rudiment of a fifth between the 2 longer ones. Style
tongue-shaped at apex ; stigma truncate, transverse.
22 Schiza'nthus. Calyx 5-parted. Limb of corolla 4-
parted, lobed, irregular. Stamens 4, 2 upper ones sterile.
Stigma compressed, obtuse.
23 ScopoLiA. Calyx and corolla both campanulate, equal.
Stamens approximate, bent towards the lower side of the
corolla. Capsule operculate ; placentas adnate.
24 Physoclce'na. Calyx ventricose. Corolla campanulate,
regular. Stamens inclinate. Capsule hidden by the calyx,
operculate ; placentas adnate.
25 Hyocy'amus. Calyx ventricose. Corolla campanulately
funnel-shaped ; limb jnequal, with one of the segments larger
than the rest. Stamens inclinate. Capsule immersed in the
calyx, operculate ; placentas adnate.
Tribe III.
Datu're*. Limb of corolla plicate in aestivation, repandly
5-toothed. Stamens equal in number to the teeth of the corolla.
Capsule coriaceous, succulent, 2-celled, 4-valved at apex. Pla-
centas septiform, free. Seeds reniform. Stamens inclosed.
26 Datij'ra. Calyx angular, 5-toothed, deciduous. Corolla
conically funnel-shaped. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule smooth,
or echinated.
27 Brugma'nsia. Calyx ventricose, angular, 2-3-cleft, or
entire, spathaceous, bursting lengthwise, on one side. Corolla
clavately funnel-shaped. Stigma thickened, 4-furrowed. Cap-
sule smooth.
28 Sola'ndra. Calyx tubular, angular, 3-5-cleft, bursting
on one side. Corolla clavately funnel-shaped ; lobes fringed.
Capsule smooth, 4-celled.
29 Ulloa. Calyx inflated, large, 5-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla clavately funnel-shaped, gibbous under the throat, and
contracted above, short ; limb small, with roundish, spreading
segments. Berry girded by the calyx.
Tribe IV.
FranciscEjE. Limb of corolla plicate in aestivation, 5-lobed,
rather unequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long and
2 short, without any rudiment of a fifth, inclosed. Ovarium
girded by a cupulate disk. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves
bipartible at top. Placentas inserted into the dissepiment.
Seeds numerous, angular. Embryo terete, straight,
30 Brunfe'lsia. Calyx 5-toothed, Corolla salver-shaped ;
imbricate? Stigma bilabiate. Fruit baccate ; dissepiment con-
trary, placentiferous.
31 FRANciscEA. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped.
Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celIed ; dissepiment parallel witli
the valves, separating from the parietes at the base.
32 Browa'llia. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped,
resupinate. Stigma 2-lobed, 4 tubercled. Capsule 2-celled.
Dissepiment contrary ; placentas fleshy.
Tribe V.
ANTHocE'RCEa;. Corolla regular, not plicate. Stamens 4,
didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth. Embryo arched.
Pericarp capsular, or baccate, 2-celled, 2-valved.
33 Anthoce'rcis. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate ;
limb equal. Stamens inclosed. Fruit capsular, having the
margins of the valves bent in, and inserted in the parallel
placentas. Seeds reticulated.
34 DuBoisiA. Calyx bilabiate. Corolla campanulately fun-
nel-shaped ; limb 5-parted, nearly equal. Stamens inclosed.
Fruit baccate. Seeds sub-reniform.
Tribe VI.
Nolanie'«. Corolla plicate in aestivation, 5-lobed. Stamens
equal in number to the lobes of the corolla. Ovaria 1 to
5, or more, crowded, seated on a fleshy annular disk. Stigma
capitate. Drupe solitary, or 5 together, containing each
a 2-4-celled bony nut, marked by S-4 grooves, and 3-4
little holes beneath. Embryo filiform, gyrate, somewhat pere-
pheric.
iib NoLA^NA. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate, regular.
Drupes usually 5, containing each a 3-4-celled bony putamen.
Seeds roundish.
36 Trigue'ra. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate ; limb
somewhat bilabiate, the 2 superior segments sub-reflexed.
Drupe solitary, containing a 4, rarely a 2-celled putamen.
Seeds ovate, 2 in each cell, compressed.
400
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
37 Crabowskia. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-sliaped ;
limb convolute in aestivation, reflexed. Drupe solitary, con-
taining 2 2-celled bony putamens ; cells 1-seeded.
Tribe VII.
CESTRiNEiE. Limb of corolla plicate, valvate, or induplicate
in aestivation. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-
lobed, regular ; tube elongated ; limb usually spreading. Sta-
mens equal in number to the lobes of tlie corolla. Anthers
dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium seated on a cupulate disk.
Pericarp capsular, or baccate, 2-celled. Placentas adnate to the
dissepiment, or free. Embryo nearly straight.
§ 1. Fruit baccate.
.38 Ce'strum. Limb of corolla conduplicate in aestivation, ex
Schotte, plicate, ex Kunth. Stamens inclosed. Berry 1-celled,
few-seeded. Placentas central, free.
39 Duna'lia. Limb of corolla plicate in aestivation. Sta-
mens inclosed ; filaments tripartite. Berry 2-celled ; placentas
adnate. Seeds many, lenticular.
40 Meye'nia. Corolla clavately tubular ; limb 5-toothed,
contracted, conduplicate in aestivation. Stamens inclosed.
Berry 2-celled ; seeds irregularly ovate. Embryo straight.
41 Da'rtus. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla with a globose tube,
and a 5-cleft limb. Stamens inclosed. Stigma 5-lobed. Berry
excoriate, diaphanous, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, un-
equal.
§ 2. Fruit capsular.
42 Ve'stia. Limb of corolla valvate in aestivation. Stamens
exserted, bearded at the base. Capsule 2-celled, 4-valved,
many-seeded. Placentas adnate. Embryo straight.
43 Se'ssea. Limb of corolla plicate in aestivation ; tube
globose. Stamens villous, curved at the base. Capsule cylin-
drical, 2-celled, 4-valved at apex. Seeds oblong- compressed,
with membranous edges.
44 Fabia'na. Limb of corolla short, revolute, plicate in
aestivation. Stamens unequal, 2 longer. Capsule 2-celled,
2-valved, Seeds dotted,
45 Laure'ria. Calyx 5-parted, alately pentagonal. Limb
of corolla plicate? short, straight. Stamens inclosed, villous
at the base. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds copious, full
of impressed dots ; placentas adnate, lamelliform. Embryo
cylindrical, incurved.
46 Lama'rkia. Calyx tubular, pentagonally-prismatic, half
5-cleft. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped ; limb spreading,
equal, blunt. Stamens equal in length to the tube. Capsule
oblong, terete, coarctate at top, many-seeded.
Tribe I.
SOLA'NE^. Limb of corolla plicate in aestivation. Stamens
equal in number to the segments of the corolla. Embryo
curved. Fruit baccate.
I. SOLA'NUM (a name given by Pliny, but the derivation
is uncertain, some derive it from Sol, tlie sun ; others say it is
Sulanum, from Sus, being serviceable in disorders of swine ;
and others from Sulor, to comfort, from its soothing narcotic
effects ; all these conjectures are, however, improbable.) Tourn.
inst. p. 149. t. 62. Lin. gen. no. 251. Schreb. gen. no. S37.
Juss. gen. 126. ed. Usteri, p. 141. Gaertn. fruct. t. 131.
Moench. meth. p. 473. R. Br. prod. 444. Dunal. mon. sol.
115. — Melongena, Tourn. inst. p. 151. t. 65. — Pseudo-capsi-
cum, Moench. meth. p. 476. — Nycterium Vent, jard. malm. p.
85. — Aquartia Jacq. amer, p. 15. t. 12.
Lin. svst. Fentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5
rarely 4-cleft. Corolla rotate, rarely campanulate, 5 rarely 4-
cleft. Anthers oblong, connivent, dehiscing by 2 pores at the
apex. Berry almost globose, 2-3-4-celled, but usually 2-celled.
— Herbs or shrubs, unarmed, or prickly, rarely s])iny. Leaves
undivided, sinuated, lobed, impari-pinnate, or decompound, usu-
ally alternate, but in many species twin, rarely tern. Pedun-
cles solitary or numerous, simple or multifid, axillary, or extra-
axillary, 1, or many-flowered, opposite the leaves, or scattered,
or terminal. The pedicles in Sol. tuberosum are articulated
vuider the flower. The fruit of S. esculentum is large and 5-
celled. In some species the flowers are sometimes 6-9-cleft.
Sect. I. Ine'kmis. Unarmed shrubs or herbs.
SuBSECT. 1. Potatoe. Lcoves impari-pinnate, pinnatijid,
tcrnate or entire. Flowers corymbose or racemose, terminal,
lateral, and axillary.
§ 1. Leaves imjiari'pinnate. Racemes corymbose, terminal.
1 S. TUBEROSUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 185.) root bearing
tubers ; stems herbaceous ; leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets
entire; pedicels articulated, 1/. H. Native of South Ame-
rica, on the west coast every where. Bergeret, phyt. 1. p. 231.
icon. Blackw. t. 523. Lycopersicum tuberosum. Mill. diet.
Sol. tuberosum esculentum, Bauh. pin. 167. Tourn. inst. 149.
Papas Americanum, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 621. icon. Batata Peru-
viana, Park, theatr. ger. hist. 927. Papas Peruanorum, Besl.
hort. eyst. 3. p. 1. f. 1. Clus. hist. 2. book. 4. p. 79. icon.
The common potatoe varies much in the leaves, colour of the
flowers, shape and colour of the roots. Sec.
The potatoe is called Pomme de Terre in France, Car-
toffcl in Germany, Porno de Terra in Italy, Openauk in Caro-
lina, and Papas m Peru. It has been found wild in Chili,
on the mountains near Valparaiso and Mendosa ; and also
near Lima, Quito, and Santa Fe de Bogota ; and lately in
Mexico, on the Pic d' Orizaba, by Deppe and Schiede.
Sir Joseph Banks considers that the potatoe was first
brought into Europe from the mountainous parts in the
neighbourhood of Quito, where they were called Papas, to
Spain in the early part of the 16th century. From Spain,
where they were called Batatas, they appear to have found
their way first to Italy, where they received the same name with
the truffle, Taratoujli. The potatoe was received by Clusius,
at Vienna, in 1598, from the governor of Mons, in Hainault,
who had procured it the year before from one of the attendants
of the Pope's legate, under the name of Taratoujli, and learned
from him that it was then in use in Italy. In Germany it
received the name of Cartoffcl, and spread even rapidly in the
time of Clusius. To England the potatoe found its way by a
different route, being brought from Virginia by the colonists
sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584, and who returned in
July, 1586, and "probably," according to Sir Joseph Banks,
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
401
" brought with them the potatoe." Thomas Herriot, in a
report on the country, published in Do Bray's collection of
voyages, vol. 1. p. 17, describes a plant called Opcnan'k, with
" roots as large as a walnut, and others much larger : they
grow in damp soil, many hanging together, as if fixed on ropes;
they are good food either boiled or roasted." Gerarde in his
herbal, published in 1597, gives a figure of the potatoe, under
the name of the potatoe tif V^irgiiiia, whence he says he received
the roots ; and this appellation it appears to have retained, in
order to distinguish it from the Batatas, or sweet potatoe (the
Batatas cdulis), till the year 1640, if not longer. " The sweet
potatoe," Sir Joseph Banks observes, " was used in England as
a delicacy long before the introduction of our potatoes ; it was
imported in considerable quantities from Spain and the Canaries,
and was supposed to possess the power of restoring decayed
vigour. The kij-sing comfits of FalstafT, and other confections
of similar imaginary qualities with which our ancestors were
duped, were principally made of these and eryngo roots." It
appears from Gough's edition of Camden's Brittania, that the
potatoe was first planted by Sir Walter Raleigh on his estate
at Youghall, near Cork, and that it was " cherished and culti-
vated for food in that country long before its value was known
in England, for though they were soon carried over from Ireland
into Lancashire, Gerarde, who had this plant in his garden in
1597, under the name of Batata I'lrgininna, recommends the
roots to be eaten as a delicate dish, not as common food.
Parkinson mentions that the tubers were sometimes roasted, and
steeped in sack and sugar, or baked with marrow and spices,
and even preserved and candied by the comfit makers. In
1663 the royal society took some measures for encouraging
the cidtivation of the potatoe, with the view of preventing
famine. Still, however, although their utility as a food was
better known, no high character was bestowed on them ; in books
of gardening, published towards the end of the 17th century, a
hundred years after their introduction, they are spoken of
rather slightingly. " They are much used in Ireland and Ame-
rica as bread," says one author, " and may be propagated with
advantage to poor people." " I do not hear that it hath been
yet essayed," says another author, " whether they may not be
propagated in great quantities for food for swine or other
cattle." Even Evelyn seems to have entertained a prejudice
against them. " Plant potatoes," he says, writing in 1699, " in
your worst ground. Take them up in November for winter
spending, there will enough remain for a stock, though ever so
exactly gathered." The famous nurserymen, London and Wise,
did not consider the potatoe as worthy of notice in their com-
plete gardener, published in 1719 ; and Bradley, who about the
same time wrote so extensively on horticidtural subjects, speaks
of them as inferior to skirrets and radishes. But the use of
potatoes gradually spread, as their excellent qualities became
better understood. It was near the middle of the 18th century,
however, before they were generally known over the country ;
since that time they have been most extensively cultivated.
In 1796 it was found that in the county of Essex alone about
1700 acres were planted with potatoes for the supply of the
London market. This must form, no doubt, the principal sup-
ply ; but many fields of potatoes are to be seen in other coun-
ties bordering on the capital, and many ship-loads are annually
imported from a distance. In every county in England it is
now more or less an object of field culture.
The cultivation of potatoes in gardens in Scotland was very
little understood till about the year 1740, and it was not prac-
tised in fields till about 20 years after tiiat period. It is stated
in the general report of Scotland, vol. 2. p. Ill, as a well
ascertained fact, that in the year 1725-6 the few potatoe plants
then existing in gardens about Edinburgh were left in the same
VOL. IV.
spot of ground from year to year, as recommended by Evelyn ;
a few tubers were perhaps removed for use in the autumn, and
the parent plants were then well covered with litter to save
them from the winter's frost. Since the middle of the 18th
century, the cultivation of potatoes has made rapid progress in
that country, so that they are now to be seen in almost every
cottage garden, and fields of them on every farm. " The
potatoe is now considered the most useful esculent that is
cultivated, and who," Neill asks, " could a priori have expected
to have found the most useful among the natural family of the
Luridce (Solanaeeae) most of which are deleterious, and all of
which are forbidding in their aspect."
Use. — The tubers of the potatoe, from having no peculiarity
of taste, and consisting chiefly of starch, approach nearer to the
nature of flour, or farina of grain, than any vegetable root pro-
duction, and for this reason it is the most imiversally liked, and
can be used longer in constant succession by the same individual
without becoming unpalatable than any other vegetable, the
seeds of grasses excepted. " So generally is it relished, and
so nutritious is it accounted," Neill observes, " that on many
tables it now appears almost every day in the year. It is
commonly eaten plainly boiled, and in this way it is excellent.
When potatoes have been long kept, or in the spring months,
the best parts of each tuber are selected and mashed before
going to table. Potatoes are also baked, roasted, and fried.
With the flour of potatoes puddings are made nearly equal in
flavour to those of millet. With a moderate proportion of
wheat flour bread of excellent quality may be formed of it, and
potatoe starch, independently of its use in the laundry, is consi-
dered an equally delicate food as sago or arrow-root."
Varieties. — These are very numerous, not only from the
facility of procuring new sorts by raising from seed, but because
any variety cultivated for a few years in the same soil and
situation, as in the same garden or farm, acquires a peculiarity
of character or habit which distinguishes it from the same variety
in a different soil and situation. The varieties being so nu-
merous, we shall only mention those generally cultivated. They
may be distinguished in regard to precocity, lateness, form, size,
colour, and quality. The earliest varieties are, 1. Hog's early
frame, a small watery potaioe, fit only for very early forcing.
2. Royal dwarf, a mealy potatoe, much grown at Perth. 3.
Early Manchester, waxy and red. 4. Common early frame,
waxy. 5. Foxe's yellow seedling, similar to the last, but rather
larger, waxy. 6. American early, much esteemed at Edinburgh.
7. Early dwarf, waxy. 8. Early ash-leaved, dry. 9. Early
champion, large. 10. M'Cree's early, dry. None of the
above sorts, when true, produce blossoms ; they are roundish in
form, small sized, white, and not of the best quality.
The latest sorts are, 1. The round purple, 2. The oblong
purple, 3. The speckled purple or tartan, commonly grown in
mossy soils in Scotland, 4. The American red, grown to a great
extent in Scotland.
The form of potatoes is either round, oblong, or kidney
shaped ; of the round the most esteemed are, 1 . The cham-
pion, late and early varieties. 2. The oxnoble, very large,
and of a pecidiar flavour, not generally esteemed. 3. The
round-red, middle-sized, smooth. 4. The round-rough red,
or Lancashire. 5. The small American. 6. The leathercoat,
with a rough, brownish coat. Of the oblong the most es-
teemed are, 1. The red-nosed oval, often confounded with
the red kidney. 2. The oblong-red, variegated with white.
3. The oblong white. 4. The American red, long and
not thick. 5. The Irish red, or pink, oblong and entirely red,
with hollow eyes. 6. The bright red, blood-red, or apple
potatoe, ovate, with small full eyes, much grown in Cheshire
and Lancashire. The kidney-shaped sorts are as follow, 1.
3 F
402
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
The common white kidney, of a peculiar flavour, esteemed by
many. 2. The red kidney, reckoned somewhat more liardy.
3. The black kidney.
In size the early sorts are the least, and the oxnoble and
late champion the largest. In colour the earlier sorts are in
general white, the oblong sorts red, and the latest sorts purple.
In quality potatoes are either watery, as the very early sorts ;
waxy, as the American and Irish reds ; or mealy, as the ash-
leaved early, the champion, the kidney, &c.
The following sorts for forcing in frames, or for the first crop
in the open garden are recommended by London nurserymen.
1. Foxe's seedling. 2. Early manly. 3. Early mule. 4.
Broughton dwarf.
For general cultivation in the open garden or field.
1. Early kidney, good flavour and very early, keeps well.
2. Nonsuch, early, prolific. 3. Early straw, good early sort for
general use. 4. Small American, small white, much esteemed.
For main crops the following sorts are arranged in order of
their ripening.
1. Early champion, very generally cultivated, prolific and
mealy. 2. Red-nose-kidney. 3. Large kidney. 4. Bread-
fruit, prolific, white, and mealy. 5. Lancasliire pink-eye, good.
6. Black skin, mealy, white, and good. 7. Purple, very mealy,
productive, and keeps well. 8. Red apple, keeping the long-
est of any. 9. Red American, keeps well.
In general every town and district has its peculiar and
favourite varieties, so that, excepting as to the best early kinds,
and the best for a general crop in all soils, any list, however
extended, could be of little use. Dr. Hunter, in his geological
essavs, has limited the duration of a variety to fourteen years,
and Knight, Hort. trans, vol. 1, concurs with him in opinion.
Tiiere are some excellent sorts of party coloured potatoes in
Scotland, which degenerate when removed from one district to
another; and most of the Scotch and Irish varieties degenerate
in England. The best mode, therefore, to order potatoes for
seed is to give a general description of the size, colour, form,
and quality wanted, and whether for an early or late crop.
Propagal'w7i. — The potatoe may be propagated from seed,
cuttings or layers of the green shoots, sprouts from the eyes of
the tubers, or portions of the tubers containing a bud or eye.
The object of the first method is new, or improved varieties ;
of the second little more than curiosity, or to multiply as quickly
as possible a rare and excellent sort ; and of the third to save
the tubers for food. The method by portions of the tubers is
the best, and that almost universally practised for the general
purposes both of field and garden culture. One good eye to
each set is sufficient, and in making the sets reject the extreme
watery end of the tuber, as apt to run too much to haulm ;
reject also the extreme portion of the dry end, as more likely
to be tardy in growth, and produce the curl. The middle
portion is therefore the best.
When grown from seed the quality of the kinds cannot be
ascertained till the end of the second summer. The earliest
varieties of potatoes, it has been already remarked, do not
produce flowers or seed. T. A. Knight, desirous of saving seed
from one of these sorts took a very ingenious method of in-
ducing the plants to produce flowers, " I susjiected the cause,"
he says, " of the constant failure of the early potatoe to produce
seeds to be the preternaturally early formation of the tuberous
root, which draws off for its support that portion of the sap
which in other varieties of the same species affords nutriment to
the blossoms and seeds, and experiment soon satisfied me that
my conjectures were perfectly well founded. I took several
methods of placing the plants to grow in such a situation as
enabled me readily to prevent the formation of the tuberous
roots, but the following appeared the best. Having fixed
strong stakes in the ground I raised the mould in a heap round
the bases of them, and in contact witli the stakes : on their
south sides I planted the potatoes from which I wished to obtain
seeds. When the young plants were about 4 inches high, they
were secured to the stakes with shreds and nails, and the mould
was then washed away by a strong current of water from the
bases of their stems, so that the fibrous roots only of the
plants entered into the soil. The fibrous roots of this plant are
perfectly distinct organs from the runners which give existence,
and subsequently convey nutriment to the tuberous roots ; and
as the runners spring from the stems only of the plants, which
are, in the mode of culture I have described, placed wholly out
of the soil, the formation of tuberous roots is easily prevented ;
and whenever this is done numerous blossoms will soon appear,
and almost every blossom will afford fruit and seeds." Knight
considering that the above facts, which are more fully explained
in the philosophical transactions for 1806, were sufficient to
prove that the same fluid or sap gives existence alike to the
tuber, and the blossom, and seeds, and that, whenever a plant of
the potatoe affords either seeds or blossoms, a diminution of the
crop of tubers, or an increased expenditure of the riches of
the soil, must necessarily take place, succeeded in producing
varieties of sufficiently luxuriant growth and large produce
for general culture which never produced blossoms. The paper
from which we quote is concluded by some excellent observa-
tions on this subject, chiefly relative to field culture, and which
ought to be studied carefully by whoever intends to attempt
producing new varieties from seed.
Quanlity of sets. — Abercrorabie directs " for a plot of early
and secondary crops 8 feet wide by 16 in length, planted in
rows 15 inches asunder by 9 inches in the row, a quarter of a
peck of roots or cuttings. For full-timed sorts, and main
crops, a cornpartment 12 feet wide by 32 in length, planted
in rows 2 feet distant, by 12 inches in the row, half a peck of
roots or cuttings will be required."
Soil and Manure. — The best soil for the potatoe is light, fresh,
unmixed loam, where they can be grown without manure.
Here they have always the best flavour. In a wet soil they
grow sickly, and produce watery tubers, infected with worms
and other vermin. To a poor soil dung must be applied ; littery
dung will produce the earliest and largest crop, but mellow
dung, rotten leaves, or vegetable earth, will least affect the
flavour of the tubers.
Season for Planting. — " The last fortnight of March, and
the first fortnight of April, is the most proper time for planting
the main crops, a little earlier or later as the spring may be
forward, the ground dry or wet. Occasional plantings may be
made in May, or even the beginning of June." — Abercrombie.
Methods of Planting. — The sets of whatever kind, or the
plants forwarded in pots to be turned out with their balls entire
for producing an early crop in the open air, should always be
inserted in regular rows, the object of which is to admit with
greater facility the stirring the earth between, and the earthing
up of the plants. The rows may be 15 inches apart for the
small early sorts, and for the larger 20 inches, or 2 feet, accord-
ing to the poorness or richness of the soil. In the lines traced
make holes for the sets at 8, 12, or 15 inches distance, letting
their depth not be less than 3, nor exceeding 5 inches. In
light soil it is performed by a dibble with a blunt end, and a
short cross iron shoulder, about 4 or 5 inches from the bottom,
as a guide to make the holes of an equal depth ; one person
making the holes, and another dro])ping a set into each hole.
Strike the earth in upon them fully with a dibble, hoe, or rake,
either as each row is planted, or when the whole planting is
finished. On strong heavy land the planting ought to be on
raised beds, with alleys, or in drills on the crown or parallel
1
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
403
ridges. The beds may eitlier be raised by previous digging,
throwing on good earth till the terrace rise to the desired
height, or in the different method described below. To plant in
drills trace them at the medium distance above specified ; form
them to a proper depth with a narrow spade, or large hoe ; in
these place the sets a foot, or 15 inclies apart, and earth over.
In wet ground, however, potatoes are hardly worth growing.
Siibseiiiient culture. — " From the March or April planting the
stems generally rise fully in May : after the plants have appeared,
give an effectual hoeing on dry days, cutting up all the weeds,
and stir the ground about the rising stalks of the plants. When
advanced from 6 to 12 inches high, hoe up some earth to the
bottom of the stems, to strengthen their growth, and promote
the increase below ; continue occasional hoeing to eradicate
weeds till the plants cover the ground, when but little farther
care will be required. Permit the stalks to run in full growth,
and by no means cut down, as is sometimes practised ; the
leaves being the organs for transmitting the beneficial influence
of the rain and air to the roots, which is most necessary to the
free and perfect growth of the tubers." Abercrombie. It is
now generally admitted, that a certain advantage in point of
produce is obtained by pinching off" the blossoms as they ap-
pear on the plants. The fact has been repeatedly proved and
satisfactorily accounted for by Mr. Knight, who imagines that it
may add an ounce in weight to the tubers of each plant, or
considerably above a ton per acre.
Taking the crop. — Clusters of roots in the early planted
crops will sometimes by Jime or July be advanced to a sufficient
size for present eating, though still small. Only a small portion
should be taken up at a time, as wanted for immediate use, as they
will not keep good above a day or two. In August and Sep-
tember, however, they will be grown to a tolerable good size,
and may be taken up in larger supplies, though not in quantities
for keeping a length of time. Permit the main crops to conti-
nue in growth till towards the end of October or beginning of
November, when the stalks will begin to decay, an indication
that the potatoes are fully grown, then wholly dig them up, and
house them for winter and spring use before severe frosts
set in.
Housing cmd Preserving the Crop. — Abercrombie recommends
" housing potatoes in a close, dry, subterranean apartment, laid
thickly together, and covered well with straw, so as to exclude
damps and frosts. There they are to be looked over, and any
that are decayed picked out. In spring, when they begin to
shoot, turn them over, and break off" the sprouts or shoots from
each tuber perfectly close, in order to retard their future shoot-
ing as much as possible. Potatoes so stored will continue good
all the winter and spring till May and June. Pieing as it is
called in some places is a good method of preserving potatoes in
winter. They are piled on the surface of the ground in a
ridged form, of the width and length at pleasure, according to
the quantity, but commonly 5-6 feet wide. This is done by
digging a spit of earth, and laying it round the edge a foot wide,
(if turf the better,) filling the space up with straw, and then
laying on a course of potatoes ; dig earth on the outside, and
lay it upon the first earth. Put straw a few inches along the
inside edge, then put in more potatoes, and so on, keeping a
good coat of straw all the way up between the potatoes and the
mould, which should be about 6 inches thick all over ; beat it
close together, and the form it lies in with the trench all round
will preserve the potatoes dry, and the sharpest frost will hardly
affect them, in a severe time of which the whole may be covered
thickly with straw. In the spring look over the stock, and
break oft the shoots of those designed for the table, and repeat
this business to preserve the potatoes the longer good."
Curl Disease. — The disease called curl has in many places
proved extremely troublesome and injurious. It has given rise
to much discussion, and to detail all the various opinions would
be a useless task. It may, however, be remarked, that the
experiments of J. Dickson (Caled. hort. mem. 1. j). 55.) show,
that it arises from the vegetable powers in the parts of the tuber
planted having been exhausted by over ripening, he has shown
that cuts taken from the waxy end of the potatoe produce
healthy plants, while those from the dry or best ripened end
either did not vegetate at all, or produced curled plants. John
Shirreff (Caledon. hort. mem. 1. p. CO.) takes a general and
philosophical view of the subject, applying to the potatoe the
doctrine by which Mr. Knight had accounted for the disappear-
ance of the fine cedar fruits of the seventeenth century. " The
maximum of the duration of the life of every individual, vege-
table as well as animal, is pre-determined by nature, under
whatever circumstances the individual may be placed : the
minimum, on the other hand, is determined by these very cir-
cumstances. Admitting, then, that a potatoe might re-produce
itself from tubers for a great number of years in tlie shady
woods of Peru, it seems destined sooner to become abortive
in the cultivated champaign of Britain, insomuch that not a
single healthy plant of any sort of potatoe that yields berries,
and which was in cidture 20 years ago, can now be produced."
Mr. Shirreff" concludes, therefore, that the potatoe is to be
considered as a short-lived plant, and that though its health or
vigour may be prolonged by rearing it in elevated or in shady
situations, or by cropping the flowers, and thus preventing the
plants from exhausting themselves, the only sure way to obtain
vigorous plants, and to ensure productive crops, is to have
frequent recourse to new varieties raised from seed. The same
view, it may be remarked, had occurred to Dr. Hunter. The
fact ascertained by Mr. Knight deserves to be noticed, is that
by planting late in the season, perhaps in June, or even in July,
an exhausted good variety may in a great measure be restored ;
that is, the tubers resulting from the late planting when again
planted at the ordinary season produce the kind in its pristine
vigour, and of its former size. Mr. Crichton (Caled. mem. 1 .
p. 440.) who has made a variety of experiments on the effects
of exposure to the air in hampers and open floors, and on
exclusion of the air by covering with earth, concludes, " That
the curl in the potatoe may often be occasioned by the way the
potatoes are treated that are intended for seed. I have observed
wherever the seed stock is carefully ])itted, and not exposed to
the air, in the spring the crop has seldom any curl, but where
the seed stock is put into barns and out-houses for months
together, such crop seldom escapes turning out in a great mea-
sure curled ; and if but few curl the first year, if they are
planted again it is more than probable the half of them will
curl next season."
Forcing the Potatoe. — 1 he potatoe is forced in a great variety
of ways ; but for a fair crop of tubers, which shall be somewhat
dry and floury, antl of the size of hens' eggs, plant sets of the
ash-leaved variety in single pots, filled one-third with light
earth, in January. Place them in a hot-house or hot-bed,
earth them up as they appear, and about the middle or end of
February, transplant them, with their balls entire, into a pit
prepared as for asparagus. Distance from plant to plant 1 foot
each way. Give water occasionally, and admit as much air as
possible at all times. Potatoes so managed will produce a fair
crop the end of March or beginning of April.
Forcing potatoes in hot-beds. — Abercrombie says, " A young
crop is easily obtained soon in spring, by planting the early
dwarf, or the sort called mules, on a slight hot-bed. Put in the
sets pretty thickly, at 6 or 8 inches square distance, as the pota-
toes are not to grow large. If planted successively in January
and February, they will produce young crops for use early in
3 F 2
404
SOLANACE^. I. SotANUM.
April and May, to be taken up in small portions as wanted for
present eating. During the growth of tlie plants, open the
lights fully in the middle of fine diy days, but shut at night,
to p-uard iigainst frost. Water attentively, as the mould and
weather may require. Nicol's plan is the same as that of
Abercrombie. ftlr. Hogg, a market-gardener in the neigh-
bourhood of London, prepares an old cucumber or melon-
bed, by removing the earth from its surface, and laying on in-
stead an inch deep of fresh mould, on which he sets tlie pota-
toes, in rows 6 inches apart, and the potatoe sets the same dis-
tance from each other, which are then covered 1 inches deep
with mould, and the frames and glasses placed upon the bed,
and carefully protected from frost. At the end of the fifth day,
the outside of the old dung should be cut away close to the
fiame, in a slanting direction inwards ; and strong linings of
hot dunw applied instead, which should be renewed if necessary
at the end of three weeks. Air and water must be carefully
o-iven. The potatoes grown in this way are generally ready for
use seven weeks after planting. The variety thus cultivated by
Mr. Hoo-iT is Foxes yellow seedling. Mr. Knight's mode is to
plant the potatoes in pots 6 inches in diameter, in January, one
set in each pot ; and the pots are then set in the ground and
covered with litter, to protect them from frost, and in this situa-
tion they remain till the hot-bed is ready to receive them, in
which the pots are afterwards plunged.
Forc'm" potatoes in pots or boxes. — This is sometimes at-
tempted in stoves. One set is placed near the bottom of
a large pot, and gradually earthed up. When nearly full
nrown, it is taken to the cherry or peach-house, for the sake of
more air. Another mode of planting in pans or boxes is thus
described by Abercrombie : " Plant potatoes of the growth
of the season before the last; that is, the produce of 1816 to
be planted in December, 1817, or January, 1818. Potatoes so
kept will appear as if surrounded by a brood of new potatoes in
contact with the seed or parent potatoe. The leaf buds are re-
moved, and the potatoes planted in a circle, and in layers, in
earthen pans or wooden boxes, with alternations of fine loose
earth. Such pans or boxes may be put into sheds or in
shelves in the kitchen. By this treatment no leaves will
emerge above the soil, and young potatoes may be reared
at any required period. A siindar mode has been described by
Mr. Sherbrook. The boxes, containing alternate layers of
light earth, and potatoes of the preceding year, are placed in
a drv, covered place, free from frost ; they receive no water,
and produce " good, fine, young potatoes in December." For
a succession, the process is to be repeated.
Incidental forcing of potatoes. — " Small young spring pota-
toes are likewise obtained from some of the winter store of old
potatoes, as they lie in the house ; especially where they have
been mixed with sand, and permitted to shoot as they lie, when
they produce a few small button potatoes in spring, some of
which are occasionally brought to market, but only for imme-
diate use. T. Moffat grows early potatoes thus : " A compost
consisting of equal quantities of loam, sand, and coal ashes, with
an addition of lime in powder, equal to about one-fiftii of the
whole, was formed into a bed four feet wide, and four inches
deep, on the floor of a dark fruit room. Upon this bed, early
in September, large potatoes, of the preceding year's growth,
were laid, 3 inches .apart every way, with their best eyes down-
wards ; these produced young potatoes, which became fit for
use about Christmas."
Forwarding to raise a crop in the open garden. — For this pur-
pose some spread a layer of sets on hot dimg, or in boxes placed
in any warm situation, whether in the light or in the dark.
After they have sprung 3 or 4 inches, they are to be trans-
planted into the open ground, which should not be sooner than
May, unless they have some protection at night ; such as fronds
of fern, spruce-fir branches, &c. But the best method is to
grow the sets one in each pot, and to plant them out with the
balls entire, in May.
Substitutes for forcing potatoes. — Dr. Nochden describes the
mode by leaves and layers of earth at length (in Hort. trans. 3.
p. 48.), and subjoins a method of preserving young potatoes as
such for winter use ; but this method we consider not worth far-
ther notice, as it appears of no practical utility.
Field culture of the potatoe. — Notwithstanding the value of the
potatoe as an article of human food, it is doubtful whether they
can be placed so high in the scale as several other articles of pro-
duce, when the profit and loss account of the agriculturist is to
be ascertained. They require a great deal of manure from the
farmer, while, generally speaking, little is returned by them ;
they are a bulky unh.andy article, troublesome in the lifting and
carrying processes, and interfering with the seed season of
wheat, the most important one to the farmer. After all, from
particular circumstances they cannot be vended unless when
raised in the vicinity of large towns ; hence they are, in most re-
spects, an unprofitable article to the agriculturist. To him the
real criterion is the profit which potatoes will return in feeding
beasts ; and here we apprehend the result will be altogether in
favour of turnips and ruta-baga, or Swedish turnip, as the most
profitable articles for that purpose, although potatoes are ad-
mitted to be more nutritious, and to fatten cattle much
quicker.
TIte varieties of potatoes cultivated in fields are innumerable.
The early field varieties are : 1 . The early kidney. 2. The
nonsuch. 3. The early straw. 4. The early Champion. The
last is the most generally cultivated round London. Early va-
rieties with local names are cultivated near most large towns.
The late field varieties in most repute are: 1. The red-nose
kidney. 2. Large kidney. 3. Bread-fruit, an excellent white,
mealy, good-tasted sort, raised from seed in 1810. 4. The
Lancashire pink-eye, good. 5. The black-skin, white interior,
and good. 6. Purple, very mealy, productive, and keeps well.
7. The red apple, mealy, keeps the longest of any. 8. The
Tartan, or purple and white-skinned, an esteemed Scotch pota-
toe, prolific, mealy, exceedingly well tasted, and keeps well.
The varieties grown exclusively as food for live stock are : 1.
The Yam or Surinam potatoe, large, red and white-skinned, and
the interior veined with red ; flavour disagreeable, and not such
as to admit of its being used as human food. It succeeds best
on heavy lands. This is a most valuable sort for the farmer ; as
with this variety he has an excellent assistant to his turnip crop,
or rather a succedaneum, which is of material benefit when tur-
nips are consumed, in feeding live stock ; its produce is 12-15
tons per acre. 2. The oxnoble ; large, yellow without and
within, very prolific, unfit for human food. 3. The late Cham-
pion ; large and prolific, white-skinned, and may be used as
human food.
The soil in which the potatoe thrives best is a light loam, nei-
ther too dry nor too moist ; but if rich it is so much the better.
They are, however, grown on many other kinds of soil, where
they are free fronn stagnant moisture, with a reasonable portion
of manure added. The best flavoured table potatoes are almost
always produced from a newly broken-up pasture ground, not
manured, or from any new light soil. Repeated on the same
soil, they very generally lose their flavour.
In preparing the soil for f eld 2^otatoes, it is of much import-
ance to free the soil as much as possible from weed roots ; both
because the horse-hoe must be excluded altogether when the
vegetation is vigorous, and because at no period of their growth
is it safe to work so near the plants, especially after they have
made some progress in growth. The first ploughing is given
SOLANACE^. I. SotANUM.
405
soon after harvest ; and a second, and comnionl)' a third, early
in spring ; the land is tlien laid up into ridgiets, from 2 1
to 30 inches broad, as for turnips, and manured in the same
manner.
T/ie best manure for the potatoe appears to be littery farm-
vard dung ; and the best mode of applying it, immediately
under the potatoe sets. Any manure may be applied ; and no
plant will bear a larger quantity of it, or thrive in coarser or less
prepared manure.
The season of f)lanling early potatoes in the fields depends
much on the soil. Where the soil is very dry, the potatoe sets
may be planted in March ; but for a full crop April is the best
time. Potatoes, indeed, are often planted in the end of May, or
even in June ; but the crops, although often as abundant, are
neither so mellow or mature as when the sets are planted in
April or in the first 8 or 10 days in May.
The time of ciiltiiig the sets should always be some days
before planting, that the wounds may dry up ; and no harm will
result from performing the operation several weeks beforehand,
))rovided the sets are not exposed too much to the drought.
The sets ought to be large, rarely smaller than the fourth part
of the potatoe. At all events, rather err in giving over large
sets, than in making them too small ; because by the first error,
no great loss can be sustained, wiiereas, by the other, a feeble
and late crop may be the consequence.
The modes of plaiit'uig the potatoe are various; but the best
modes are either to plant them by dibber on a plane surface in
rows, or by spade in digging, or in drills, in the manner of
turnips.
The after culture of potatoes consists in harrowing, hoeing,
weeding, and earthing up. All potatoes require to be earthed
up, extending 6 or 7 inches round their stem. The reason of
this is, that the tubers do not, properly speaking, grow under
the soil, but rather on, or partially bedded in its surface. The
earth niay be thrown up by a spade, draw-hoe, or with a small
plough, drawn by one horse. Pinching off the whole of the po-
tatoe blossoms is a part of after culture not unworthy of the
attention of the fiirmer, for the reasons given by Mr. Knight.
A mode of taking part of the crop suited to cottagers and
others, especially in years of scarcity, deserves to be mentioned.
Having ascertained that some of the tubers have attained an
eatable size, go along the rows, and loosen the eartli about each
plant with a blunt stick, taking 2 or 3 of the largest tubers from
each plant, and returning the earth carefully. By this means
the tubers which remain will increase in size, having now the
nourishment destined to complete the growth of those re-
moved.
Potatoes intended for seed should be taken up a fortnight or 3
weeks before fully ripe, for the reasons already given under
garden culture.
Potatoes are stored and jneserved in houses, cellars, pies, and
camps. Whatever mode is adopted, it is essential that the
tubers be perfectly dry, otherwise they are certain of rotting ;
and a few rotten potatoes will contaminate a whole mass. Put-
ting them into close houses, and covering them well up with
straw, is the most effectual mode, and that which is generally
adopted. In some parts of Scotland, it is a common practice to
dig pits in the potatoe-field, wlien the soil is dry and light, and
putting in potatoes to the depth of 3 or -t feet, to lay a little dry
straw over them, and then cover tliem up with earth, so deep
that no frost can afTect them. Another method, which is prac-
tised in England as well as in Scotland, is to put them together
in heaps, and cover them up with straw, and afterwards cover
with earth, and so closely packed together as to exclude frost.
Dry weather is absolutely necessary in storing potatoes, as they
do not keep well when stored in a wet state ; and all cut pota-
toes should be carefully picked out. Pieing is also a good
means of preserving potatoes, which is described under garden
culture. Several other modes of prtserving potatoes are in use
in different places. Capping is a method similar to pieing.
The produce of the potatoe varies from 5 to 8, and sometimes
10 or 12 tons per acre ; the greatest produce is from the yam,
which has been known to produce 12 tons, or 4S0 bushel? per
acre. The haulm is of no use but as manure, and is very gene-
rally burned for that purpose, being slow of rotting.
The application of the potatoe crop is of the greatest import-
ance as human food; and is the only root grown in Britain
which may be eaten every day in the year, without satiating the
palate ; they are, therefore, the only substitute that can be used
for bread, with any degree of success, and indeed they often
enter largely into the composition of the best loaf bread, without
at all either injuring its nutritive qualities or flavour.
Among the extraordinary applications of the potatoe may be
mentioned cleansing woollens, and making an ardent spirit.
Cleansing woollens. — The refuse of potatoes used in making
starch when taken from the sieve, possesses the property of
cleansing woollen cloths, without hurting their colour ; and the
water decanted from the starch powder is excellent for cleansing
silks without the smallest injury to the colour.
JVine of considerable quality may be made from frosted pota-
toes, if not so frosted as to have become soft and waterish.
Ardent sj^irits. — Potatoes that have been injured by the frost
produce a greater quantity of spirit, and of a much finer quality
than those that are fresh ; they require a proportion of malt-
wash to promote the fermentation. About one-fourth part of
malt-worts, or wash, ought to be fermented at least C hours be-
fore the potatoe-wash is joined to it ; otherwise the potatoe-
wash, having an aptitude to ferment, will be ripe for the still be-
fore the malt-wash is ready ; hence the efTect will be to generate
an acid which renders the spirit coarse, and when diluted with
water, of a milky or bluish colour. When the spirit is strong,
the acid is held in solution, hut appears as above when diluted
with water. (Farmer's Mag. 17. p. 325.)
In the application of potatoes as food for live stock, they are
often joined with hay, straw, chaft', and other similar matters ;
and have been found useful in many cases, in the later winter
months, as food for horses, cows, and other sorts of live stock.
With these substances, as well as in combination with other ma-
terials, as bean or barley-meal, and pollard, they are used in the
fattening of neat cattle, sheep, and hogs. Potatoes are most
nutritious when boiled ; they were formerly cooked in this way,
but are now very generally steamed, especially in the North.
The practice has been carried to the greatest extent by Curwen
in feeding horses. He gives to each daily l4 stone of potatoes,
mixed with a tenth of cut straw. An acre of potatoes, he consi-
ders, goes as far in this way as four of hay. 120 stones of pota-
toes require 2^ bushels of coals to steam them. The baking of
potatoes in an oven has also been tried with success. They are
also given raw to stock of every description, to horses and hogs
washed, but not washed to cows or oxen. Washing was for-
merly a disagreeable and tedious business ; but it is now ren-
dered an easy matter, whether on a large or small scale, by the
use of the washing machine.
Frosted potatoes may be applied to various useful purposes ;
for food by thawing in cold water, or being pared, then thawed,
and boiled with a little salt. Salt and saltpetre, chaff, or bruised
oats, boiled with them, will render them fit food for cattle,
swine, poultry, &c. Starch and paste for weavers, book-
binders, and shoemakers, may be made from them, when too
sweet to be ren'dered palatable.
406
SOLANACEjE. I. SOLANUM.
The diseases of potatoes are cliiefly the scab, the worm, and
tlie curl. The scab, or ulcerated surface of the tubers, has
never been satisfactorily accounted for. Some attributing it to
the ammonia of horse-dung, others to alkali, and some to the
use of coal ashes. Change of seed, and of ground are the only
resources known at present for this malady. The worm and
grub both attack the tuber ; and the same preventative is re-
commended. The only serious disease of the potatoe is the
curl ; and this is now ascertained to be produced by the con-
centration of the sap in the tuber ; and this concentration,
or thickening, is prevented by early taking up. This discovery
was first made by the formers near Edinburgh observing that
seed potatoes procured from the moors, or elevated cold ground,
never suffered from the curl ; and it consecpiently became a
practice, every 3 or 4 years, to procure a change of seed from
these districts. On inquiry, it was found that potatoes of these
upland grounds continued in a growing state till the haulm was
blackened by the first frosts of October. They were then taken
up, when, of course, they could not be ripe. Subsequent expe-
riments has established the fact, that the curl is prevented by
using unripe seed. It is also a safe practice frequently to
change the seed, and also to change the variety.
Tuberous-tooteA Nightshade, or Common Potatoe. Fl. May,
Sept. Clt. 1597. Pi. 1 to 2 feet.
2 S. ETUBEROsuM (Liudl. bot. reg. 1712.) rhizoma thick,
subterraneous, without tubers ; stem herbaceous ; leaflets un-
equal, complicate, much undulated, approximate : alternate ones
minute ; pedicels articidated ; calyxes and corollas 5-angled,
glabrous. 1/. H. Native of Chili. Habit of S. tuberbsum ;
but the roots are without tubers : the flowers larger, on shorter
pedicels ; the calyx glabrous and shining, not hispid. Corollas
purple. There is a variety of S. tuberosum with long, creeping
rhizoma, without tubers, and white flowers, in the botanic gar-
den of Chelsea, from Chili, which renders the present rather
doubtful as a species. We suspect that this and S. Commersbnii
are only varieties of S. tuberosum. The S. stolomferum, Cham,
in Linnaea, 8. p. 255. a native of Mexico, also appears to be a
variety of S. tuberosum.
Z'afcer/aii Nightshade, or Potatoe. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1833.
PI. 1-2 feet.
3 S. CoMMEKSONi (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 746. Dun. sol. ed. 2d.
ined. t. 133. syn. p. 5.) herbaceous; leaves pinnate, sublyrate,
pilose; pedicels articulate; corollas 5-cleft. % . H. Native
of America, about Monte Video, Commerson. Hort. trans. 5. t.
] 0. Very nearly allied to S. tuberbsum ; but the root is un-
known ; it differs, however, from that plant, in the leaves being
more profoundly pinnatifid ; but the leaflets are sessile, and not
alternate, unequal ; the terminal leaflet very large ; and the
corolla is 5-cleft, not 5-angled.
Commerson' s Nightshade, or Potatoe. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.
1822. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 S. api-endicula'tum (Dun. syn. p. 5. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 19.) shrubby? or herbaceous? scandent ; leaves
quinately impari-pinnate, stipulate at the base; leaflets oblong,
acuminated, beset with adpressed hairs above, but downy on the
veins beneath ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered. t7 . ? ^. G.
Native of Mexico, near La Puente de La Madre de Dios, be-
tween Totonilco el Grande and Actopan. Branchlets puberu-
lous. Leaflets opposite, terminal one large. Corymbs puberu-
lous. Corolla 5-cleft, white, glabrous, with oblong, acute seg-
ments. Calyx half globose, 5-lobed.
/ippendiculate-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub climbing.
5 S. piNNA~TUM (Cav. icon. 5. p. 23. t. 439. f. 1.) stem her-
baceous, furrowed ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets decurrent ;
flowers terminal, corymbose. 11. H. Native of Chili, near
Coquimbo. Stem almost winged from the decurrent leaves.
Leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets. Branches of corymbs dichoto-
mous. Corollas deep yellow. Berry glabrous, black, size of
a pea.
Pin7iate-\eavei Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
§ 2. Leaves impari-pinnate. Racemes corymbose, lateral.
6 S. Calda'sii (Dun. syn. p. 6. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 19.) herbaceous; leaves imparl or unequally pin-
nate, soft from tomentum, whitish beneath ; racemes dichoto-
mous, cymose. %. H. Native of Quito, near Chilio. Dun.
sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 85. f. 2. This species differs from S.
ochrdnlhiim, which it is very like ; in the stem being herbace-
ous ; in the leaves being smaller ; the leaflets being 3-pair ;
and in the racemes being spreading and cymose above ; in the
cymes being longer ; and in the flowers being larger.
Caldas's Nightshade. PI. climbing?
7 S. Jame'sii (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 227.) herbaceous,
rather pilose ; stem unarmed, erect ; leaves impari-pinnate ;
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, abruptly narrowed at the base, obso-
letely sinuated ; racemes extra-axillary, few-flowered. ©. H.
Native of the Arkansas ? Racemes about 4-flowered. Flowers
white.
James's Nightshade. PL |- to | foot.
8 S. ochra'nthum (Dun. syn. p. 6. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 85.
f. 1. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 20.) shrubby, scandent;
leaves interruptedly pinnate, hairy above, but clothed with
white tomentum beneath; leaflets oblong, nearly entire; co-
rymbs lateral, subdichotomous, on long peduncles, about equal
in length to the leaves. h . ^. G. Native of Quito, near
Chilio. Leaflets opposite, 4 pairs. Corymbs hairy. Corolla
5-cleft, yellow, hairy outside ; segments acutish, rather un-
equal.
Yellom-Jlowered Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
9 S. juGLANDiFOLiUM (Duu. syu. p. 6. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
86.) shrubby, scandent ; leaves impari-pinnate, rough from
hairs above, but clothed with soft hairs beneath ; leaflets
oblong, subcordate, quite entire ; corymbs lateral, dichotomous,
divaricate. Tj . ^. S. Native of New Granada, in the pro-
vince of Pasto, in humid places near Tusa et Cuesaca. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 20. Leaflets opposite, 3 pairs, on
short petioles : terminal one rather the largest. Corymbs
pilose. Corolla 5-parted, white ? pilose outside.
Walnut-leaved Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
§ 3. Pteroi'dea (from ■KTtpov, pteron, a wing ; and udog,
eidos, form ; in reference to the pinnate leaves.) Leaves imjiari-
pinnate or lernate ; leaflets (pate entire, acuminated. Peduncles
axillary, aggregate, racemose.
10 S. MfTE (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 38. t. 173. f. a.)
stem herbaceous, radicant ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets ob-
long ; racemes axillary, aggregate; berries globose. 0. H.
Native of Peru, in the province of Panatahua, in forests at
Pozuzo and Chincao, in humid places. Glabrous. Stem
bluntly angular. Flowers small, secund, white. Berry white,
size of a pea. Leaves 8-10 inches long.
Mild Nightshade. PI. 2 feet, creeping.
11 S. coNicuM (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. t. 172. f. b.) stems her-
baceous ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; pe-
duncles axillary, usually 3 together, spicate ; berry conical.
©. H. Native of Peru, in groves at Chincao and Cuchero.
Stem pilose, and angular at top. Peduncles solitary, twin or
tern, almost the length of the petioles, recurved at top.
solanacej:. I. SoLANuii.
407
Flowers small, secund, whitish-blue. Corolla 5-lobed. Berry
white, size of an olive.
C'o)iifa/-fruited Niiilitshade. PI. 2 feet.
12 S. DiFFU^suM (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 37. t. 171. f. b.)
stem suffruticose ; branches twiggy, diffuse ; leaves impari-pin-
nate ; leaflets oblong ; racemes axillary, few-flowered. h . S.
Native of Peru, in groves in the province of Huanuco. Plant
with the habit of /««»;/«(?. Stem branched, angular. Petioles
and peduncles downy. Corollas violaceous, 5-lobed.
Diffuse Nightshade. Shrub.
13 8. Seaforthia'num (Andr. bot. rep. t. 504. Dun. syn.
p. 7.) suffruticose, scandent ; leaves pinnate, undulated : supe-
rior ones simple, lanceolate ; racemes racemosely-panicled, some-
times longer than the petioles. Ij . >_^. S. Native of Barba-
does. Flowers pink. Leaves sometimes ternate.
Seaforth's Nightshade. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804. Shrub
climbing.
14 S. terna'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 38. t. 172. f. a.)
stem suffruticose, tetragonal, scandent, radicant ; leaves ternate;
peduncles few-flowered. Jj . ^. S. Native of Peru, in humid
parts of woods. Plant glabrous. Leaves on long petioles.
Leaflets oblong-lanceolate : middle one large. Peduncles many
together. Flowers sub-umbellate. Calyx 5-crenated, small.
Corolla purplish-violet. Deeply 5-parted.
Ternaie-leaved Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
§ 4. Leaves pinnaiifid and entire.
15 S. lacinia'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 247.) shrubby or
herbaceous, quite glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid ; segments linear-
lanceolate : teriTiinal one elongated ; or the leaves are entire,
linear-lanceolate, elongated ; racemes lateral, corymbose, simple
or bipartite, shorter than the leaves ; calyx half 5-cleft ; seg-
ments of corolla emarginate ; berry oval. %. G. Native of
New Zealand ; New South Wales, about Port Jackson ; and
of Van Diemen's Land. Curt. bot. mag. t. 349. R. Br. prod,
p. 415. S. pinnatifidum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 292, Poir. diet. 4.
p. 287. but not of Ruiz, et Pav. S. aviculare, Pers. syn. 1.
p. 225. Forst. prod. no. 107. ? pi. esc. no. 12.? S. reclinatum,
Hort. Plant quite glabrous, as in Lactuca perennis. Stem
juicy. Racemes corymbose. Corollas blue, size of those of
Geranium pratense. Anthers separated, not cohering, as in the
rest of the species. Berry nearly globose, depressed, greenish-
yellow, edible, size of a plum.
Var. a ; shrubby ; leaves pinnatifid.
Var. /3 ; shrubby ; leaves undivided.
Var. y ; herbaceous ; leaves pinnatifid.
c/aggerf-leaved Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
16 S. QUERCIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 264.) stem sub-herba-
ceous, angular, flexuous, scabrous ; leaves pinnatifid ; racemes
corymbose or cymose. %. H. Native of Peru; and of Chili,
about Valparaiso. Dun. sol. 139. Pers. ench. 1. p. 225. ex-
clusive of the syn. of Fl. per. — Feuill. obs. 2. p. 722. t. 15. ?
Habit of S. Dulcamara. Stem erect. Branches angularly
winged ; wings minutely toothed. Leaves ciliated a little, with
usually 5 ovate segments, scabrous beneath, pilose in the young
state. Corolla violaceous, with 2 green marks at the base of
each segment. Berry ovate. Fcuille's figure is referred to
Witheringia multifida by Poir. in his encyl. 4. p. 287. and suppl.
3. p. 739. According to Dunal, S. runcinatum, Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 36. agrees well with this species, but is perhaps
distinct.
Oak-leaved 'Sighlshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. PL 3
to 5 feet.
17 S. TRiFLORUM (Nutt. gen. araer. 1. p. 128.) stem un-
armed, herbaceous, procumbent ; leaves denticulately-pinna-
tifid, glabrous ; segments acute, subundulated, having the mar-
gins more or less revolute ; peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-3-
flowered. Q. H. Native near Fort IVIandan, and elsewhere ;
and on the banks of the river Platte, commencing near the
Pawnee village, and continuing to the mountains. Flowers
small, white, revolute. Fruit size of a cherry, green in the
mature state. Stems very hairy, difliise. Leaves subrunci-
nate.
Three-flowered Nightshade. PI. procumbent.
18 S. RADi'cANS (Lin. fil. dec. 1. t. 10. Dun. sol. p. 140.)
stem herbaceous, smooth, nearly terete, prostrate, radicant ;
leaves deeply pinnatifid; racemes cymose, about equal in length
to the petioles. 2/. S. Native of Peru. S. quercifolium,
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. p. 36. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. and
Feuille. Stems at length ascending, and angularly winged from
the decurrent petioles. Leaves with 5 ovate, acute, or lanceo-
late segments. Racemes sometimes opposite the leaves, but
not always. Corollas small, violaceous. Berry globose, size of
a pea, red.
Rooting-stemmeA Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771.
PI. creeping.
19 S. glabe'rrimum (Dun. sol ed. 2d. ined. t. 133. syn. p.
9.) stein quite glabrous, furrowed ; leaves rarely entire, usually
pinnatifid : the terminal segment elongated ; racemes aggre-
gate, many-flowered ; segments of corolla acute. If.. S. Na-
tive of the Island of Timor. Habit of .S. lacinicitum ; but dif-
fers in the racemes being larger ; in the flowers being more
copious ; in the calyxes being 5-parted ; and in the segments of
the corolla being acute, not emarginate.
Quite glabrous Nightshade. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
20 S. RECLiNA^TUM (Lher. ined. ex bot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 3.
p. 168. Dun. syn. p. 8.) stem quite glabrous, thick, juicy;
leaves pinnatifid, sometimes entire ; racemes lateral, shorter
than the leaves ; corolla semiquinquefid, with emarginate seg-
ments. I; . S. Native of Peru, Dombey. S. pinnatifidum.
Lam. ill. t. 115. f, 4. Cav. descr. 111. S. laciniatum. Dun.
sol. p. 139. exclusive of the syn. Stem furrowed. Leaves
tapering into the petioles ; segments linear. Peduncles 2-3-
flowered. Calyx deeply 5-toothed. Corollas azure-blue. Berry
green, globose, edible, an inch in diameter.
Reclinate Nightshade. Shrub 3 feet.
21 S. septe'mlobum (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p.
122.) stem herbaceous, erect, angular ; leaves pinnatifid; lobes
ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, or deeply tootiied, downy on both
surfaces ; panicles dichotomous, divaricate, lateral, exceeding
the leaves; corollas 5-cleft. i;. H. Native of China, in
waste places about Pekin. Leaves obscure, green, with usu-
ally 7 lobes. Corollas deep violet, like those of S. Dulca-
mara.
Seven-lobed-leaved Nightshade. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
§ 5. Leaves ternate or simple. Leaves and leaflets ovate or
ovate-lanceolate.
22 S. hebe'phorum (Dun. syn. p. 7. H. B. et Kunth. nov.
gen. 3. p. 21.) herbaceous, much branched ; branches angular,
puberulous ; leaves ternate, clothed with silky down on both
surfaces; leaflets oblong, acute, entire; peduncles long, lateral?
flowers subracemose. 2/ . H. Native of Peru, near Caxa-
marca, in frigid places, at the altitude of 4G0 hexapods. Leaflets
about 2 inches long. Flowers subumbellate, ex IBonpl. Calyx
5-parted. Corolla quinquefid. The hairs in this and the 4 fol-
lowing species are simple.
Down-hearing Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
23 S. MURicATUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 250. Dun. sol. p.
408
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
162. syn. p. 8. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 21.) stem suf-
fruticose, railicant, ascending ; young brandies muiicated :
leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, downy, but sometimes ternate ;
racemes terminal, bifid. ^ . G. Native of Peru, common in
cultivated places, ex Feullle ; Tenerifte, in gardens, ex Brous-
sonet ; near the city of Mexico, ex Bonpl. S. scabrinn, Lam.
ill. no. 2344. S. varieg-^tum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 32. t.
162. f. a. Melongena laurifolia, fructu turbinato variegato,
Feuill. per. 2. p. 735. t. 26. The plant is called Fejio, and
Pepino de la Tierra, in Peru. Branches trigonal. Leaves 15-
24 lines long, furnished "ith 2 small stipidas at the base.
Racemes extra-axillary. Corollas size of those of S. Dulca-
mara, white, painted with violaceous veins, puberulous outside ;
segments ovate, roundish. Calyx 5-parted, silky. Berry ovate,
variegated with purple, drooping, edible ; sarcocarp yellow, very
thick.
Muricated Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1785. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
24 S. DivERSiFOLiuM (Dun. syn. p. 8. sol. ed. 2d. t. 88. H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 22.) shrubby ; branches puberu-
lous ; leaves impari-pinnate, ternate or entire, downy ; leaflets
sessile, oblong, acuminated, entire : terminal one large ; racemes
extra-axillary, simple ; calyx large, equal in length to the co-
rolla. Ij . S. Native near Caraccas. Branches glandular and
hairy. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Corolla rotately sub-
campanulate, 5-cleft, white, size of those of Borago officinalis;
segments ovate, acute.
Diverse-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
25 S. Caripe'nse (Dun. syn. p. 8. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 89.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 22.) shrubby, scandent ;
branches villous ; leaves simple and ternate, elliptic-oblong,
acutish, rounded at the base, quite entire, clothed with silky
liairs, biauriculate at the base ; racemes extra-axillary, and
nearly terminal, simple, or bifid. Tj . ^. S. Native of the pro-
vince of Cuniana, near the monastery of Caripe. Leaves 1|
to 2 inches long. Flovcers unilateral, size of those of Veratrum
nigrum. Pedicels articulated. Calyx 5-parted, pilose. Corolla
rotate, white,? sinuately 5-lobed.
Caripe Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
26 S. Bulboca'stanum (Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. Dun.
syn. p. 8. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 3.) root tuberous; stems herba-
ceous ; leaves ovate, repand, auricled ; peduncles 1 -flowered,
subumbellate. 1^. H. Native of Mexico. Root solitary,
globose, like that of S. tuberosum, mucronate below, without
any other radicle. Stem terete. Leaves undulated. Petioles
auricled, from 2 sessile leaflets. Peduncles villous, violaceous.
Corolla white, with lanceolate, bluntish segments.
Dulbocastatmm Nightshade. PI. 1 foot ?
27 S. oliga'nthum (Dun. syn. p. 8. vol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 90.)
shrubby, scandent ? ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ;
leaves perhaps always simple, unequal, and cordate at the base,
((uite entire, glabrous above, but clothed with soft, yellowish,
hoary tomentum beneath, auricled at the base ; peduncles term-
inal, few-flowered. fj . ©. ? S. Native near Klaypure, on the
banks of the Orinoco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 23. Hairs on the plant stellate. Leaves 2 inches long.
Auricles sessile, obliquely ovate-sublunate, similar to the
leaves.
Ft7v-/oji>ered Nightshade. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 feet.
^ 6. Pachyphy'lla (from ■jraf(yc, pachys, thick ; and (^uX-
Xoi', phyllon, a leaf.) Leaves piiuuite, pinnatifid, or entire.
Leaves and leaflets cordate, acute, thick, beset with short simple
hairs. Racemes cymose, pendulous. Corollas b-parted. Ber-
ries oval.
28 S. pe'ndulum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 39. t. 174. f. a.)
stem shrubby; leaves simple and irregularly pinnate; leaflets
2-6, obliquely cordate ; racemes pendent, forked. V^ . S. Na-
tive of Peru, in the province of Panatahua, particularly in
shady places about Munna. Dun. sol. p. 168. syn. p. 7.
Branches hairy, dichotomous. Leaves pubescent on both sur-
faces. Corolla elongated, downy, purple, with acute, reflexed
segments. Berry large, ovate, yellow, size of a middling pear.
Penrfw/oiM-racemed Nightshade. Shrub 10 feet.
29 S. oBLiQUUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 35. t. 165. f. a.)
stem suttluticose ; leaves cordate, oblique, acute ; racemes
cymose, revolute, secund. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in groves
at Chincao. Shrub glabrous. Leaves shining above, and downy
beneath. Peduncles lateral. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla purplish
violet. Berry oblong, acutish at both ends.
06//(j'U(?-leaved Nightshade. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
30 S. viRiDiFLORUM (Uuiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 38. t. 173. f.
b.) shrubby ; leaves cordate-ovate, simple, villous ; racemes
dependent, about equal in length to the leaves. fj . S. Native
of Peru, in groves. Dun. sol. p. 169. Plant villous. Calyx
semiquinquefid. Corolla green, almost 5-parted, with reflexed
segments. Berry large, oblong, turbinate, villous, yellowish.
Green-floncred Nightshade. Shrub 6 feet.
31 S. beta'celm (Cav. icon. 6. p. 599. t. 524. ann. d'hist.
nat. l.p. 44.) shrubby; branches and stem thick, succulent;
leaves large, cordate, ovate-oblong, rather downy on both sur-
faces, with undulated margins ; racemes cymose, pendulous,
about equal in length to the petioles. h^ , G. Native of New
Spain. Dun. sol. 169. Andr. hot. rep. t. 511. S. crassifo-
lium. Ort. dec. p. 117. Leaves a foot long. Petioles spotted.
Racemes axillary and supra-axillary, many times bifid, some-
times simple and trifid. Calyx 5-cleft, spotted at top. Corolla
white, tinged with red, small, thick, 5-parted. Anthers yellow.
Berry ovate, size of a walnut, 2-celled at first, yellowish green,
marked with longitudinal brown spots, afterwards reddish.
The whole plant has an ungrateful scent, like that of Stramonium
or Henbane.
.Bfe^-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
SuBSECT. 2. Leaves lobed, sinuated, angular, toothed, or entire.
§ 1. Leaves lobed, and entire.
32 S. lepta'nthum (Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined. Dun.
syn. p. 9. Sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 28.) stem terete, herbaceous,
glabrous ; leaves oblong, undulately repand, running into the
petioles ; racemes dichotomous, cymose at top ; corolla penta-
gonal. !(.. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers small. Teeth
of calyx acute. Berry small, globose, from red to violet.
Allied to S. corymbbsum. Plant glabrous, erect, or procum-
bent.
Var. /8, parvifolium (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 24.)
leaves smaller, nearly sessile ; racemes and pedicels shorter ;
corollas pale violet, not white, i;. S. Native of Peru, between
Caxamarca and Magdalena.
Slender-flowered Nightshade. PI. procumbent.
33 S. LiNKii ; leaves lanceolate, sub-sinuated, rather toraen-
tose, green ; petluncles few-flowered ; cah cine segments ovate,
acute. ^2 • ^- Native country unknown. S. oliganthum,
Link, enum. l.p. 182, but not of Dun. Branches glabrous;
petioles clothed with minute, stellate hairs. Leaves undulated,
acute, with 1-3 deep recesses, beset with stellate hairs on both
surfaces, which are most dense beneath. Pedicels drooping,
and are, as well as the calyxes, rather tomentose. Corolla
semi-quinquefid, sub-plicate, white.
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANuM.
409
Link's Nightshade. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
34 S. coKYMBosiM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 7S. icon. rar. t. 40.)
stem suffniticose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, or a little
lobed ; racemes cymose, opposite the leaves ; corollas 5-parted.
^ . S. Native of Peru, in cultivated places, through the pro-
vinces of Lima and Chancay. Dun. nion. 143. S. corymbife-
rum, Gmel. syst. 384. S. parviflorum, Nocca, in Usteri, ann.
6. p. 61. Vittm. summ. suppl. 283. Habit of S. Dulcamara.
Branches some erect, and some weak and procumbent, angular.
Leaves glabrous, fetid. Racemes 2-3-4-cleft. Corolla small,
blue, or violaceous, 5-cleft. Berry of a reddish orange colour,
size of a pea.
C'orynibose-i\ov;eTed Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1786.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
35 S. ciRRHosuM (Dun. syn. p. 9. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 91.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 24.) shrubby, scandent, ten-
drilled ; leaves oblong, entire, or 3-lobed, acuminated, glab-
rous : middle lobe large ; racemes terminal, panicled. fj . ,^.
S. Native near Cumana, in shady places. S. salignum, Willd.
rel. ex Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 663. Habit of S. Dulca-
mara, Shrub glabrous. Tendrils spirally revolute, extra-axil-
lary. Leaves entire, ternate, or 3-lobed. Flowers rose-co-
loured, size of those of .S'. nigrum. Calyx small, angularly
5-toothed. Stamens sometimes 6.
Tendrdled Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
36 S. Dulcama'ra (Lin. spec. p. 264.) shrubby, scandent,
flexuous ; leaves ovate-cordate : superior ones jagged ; corymbs
alinost opposite the leaves. 1; . ^. H. Native of Europe,
Asia, and North America, in hedges and among bushes ; plenti-
ful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 565. Pursh. fi. amer. sept.
1. p. 156. Curt. fl. lond. 1. t. 14. Fl. dan. t. 607. Bull,
herb. t. 23. Reit. et Abel, t. 72. Dreves et Heyne, t. 60.
Guimpel. t. 12. Plenck, off. t. 119. Svensk. bot. t. 20.
Woodv. med. bot. 97. t. 33. Sav. mat. nied. p. 47. t. 14.
Stev. et Church, med. bot. icone. S. scandens. Neck, gailob.
119. Dulcamara flexuosa, Moench. meth. p. 514. Sol. scan-
dens seu Dulcamara, Tourn. inst. p. 149. Amara dillcis,
Gerard, emac. 350. Dulcis amara, Trag. 816. Glycipicros
seu Dulcamara, Bauh. hist. 2. p. 109. icone. La Morelle. Grim-
p&nte, Regnault bot. icone. Shrub glabrous. Leaves cordate :
superior ones hastate, all quite entire. Corymbs panicled.
Corolla violaceous, with reflexed segments, each segment fur-
nished with 2 green spots at tlie base. Berries elliptic, red.
The roots and stalks of this, the Woody Nigl/tshade, upon being
chewed, first cause a sensation of bitterness, which is soon
followed by a considerable degree of sweetness ; whence it
has obtained the names of Dulcamara, or Bitter-sweet. The
berries excite vomiting and purging. Floyer says, thirty of
them killed a dog in less than 3 hours, remaining undigested on
the stomach. As they are common in hedges, and may be
mistaken by children for red currants, this circumstance is the
more worthy of notice. In such a case it is advisable to pour
down as much warm water as possible, to dilute the poison, and
provoke vomiting. The old botanists recommend the plant as
a medicine in many diseases. Ray informs us, that the inhabi-
tants of Westphalia make use of a decoction of the whole plant
as their common drink with success against scurvy. Boerhaave
says, it is a medicine far superior to China and Sarsaparilla,
as a sweetener and restorative : and Linnaeus, that an infusion
of the young twigs is an admirable medicine in acute rheuma-
tisms, inflammations, fevers, and suppression of the lochia.
Dr. Hallenberg advises it in ischiatic and rheumatic pains, jaun-
dice, scurvy, and lues venerea. They direct a pint of boiling
water to be poured upon 2 drachms of the stalks, sliced and
dried ; after standing half an hour it must be boiled 10 or l.")
minutes. The dose is 2 tea-cups full or more morning and
VOL. IV.
evening. Murray and Bergius regard it as promoting all se-
cretions. Dr. Cullen says, " We have only employed the slen-
der twigs, but some parcels of these were very mild, and most
others considerably acrid. In the latter state we have employed
a decoction of these in the cure of rheumatism .sometimes with
advantage, but at other times without effect. The Dulcamara
is inserted in the catalogue of diuretics, but this property it
hardly, if at all, possesses. The twigs when gathered in autumn
or spring will be most powerful ; if used dry a somewhat
larger dose must be taken. The plant is generally given in
decoction or infusion, and to prevent it exciting vomit it should
be diluted with milk : small doses also are recommended at the
beginning, for large ones have been found to jjroduce convulsion,
delirium, and palsy of the tongue, ex Woodv.
Var. a, violaceuvi ; corollas violaceous. — Hort. eyst. p. 385.
t. 384. no. 3.
Var. /i, album ; corollas white. — Lin. fl. suec. p. 66.
/ar. 7, cdrneum ; corollas flesh-coloured. — Cels. ups. 32.
Lin. fl. suec. 1. c.
Var. c, jilenum ; corollas double. — Tourn. inst. 149. Hort.
eyst. 1. c.
Var. £, variegatum ; leaves variegated. — Munt. fig. 156.
Tourn. inst. 149.
Va7\ t), hirsutum; plant hairy, or downy. Flowers violaceous.
— On the sea-coast.
Var. I, rupestre (Schmidt, fl. boh. p. 96.) stem erect ; leaves
ovate, quite entire ; racemes few-flowered, dichotomous. — Na-
tive of Bohemia.
Bitter-sweet, or Woody Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Britain.
Shrub climbing.
37 S. KiESERiLZKii (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 113.) stem shrubby,
unarmed, erect ; leaves nearly glabrous, scattered, petiolate,
ovate-oblong, quite entire, acuminated, attenuated at the base ;
racemes lateral, few-flowered ; segments of corolla 5, reflexed,
each marked with 2 spots at the base. fj . H. Native of
Caucasus, in woods near Lenkeron.
Kieserilzkis Nightshade. Shrub.
38 S. Pe'rsicum (Willd. mss. Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 237.) stem
terete, scandent ; leaves rather downy, ovate-lanceolate, cordate,
quite entire ; racemes cymose, lateral, glabrous ; corolla 5-
parted ; berries ovate. ^ . ^. H. Native of Persia, and of
Siberia, frequent on the banks of rivers and rivulets, in humid
places near Uimon and Barnaoul. S. Dulcamara, Patrin, fl.
barn. ined. Similar to S. Dulcamara in habit, inflorescence,
flowers, and berries ; but the leaves are always entire, never
hastate or auricled. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla pale violet.
Berries red.
Persian Woody Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
39 S. Tegore (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 212. t. 84.) shrubby, very
hairy ; lower leaves pinnatifidly sinuated : upper ones cordate.
y^ . S. Native of Guiana, in cultivated places near the habi-
tations of the natives. Dun. sol. p. 142. syn. p. 10. Lower
leaves large, with acute lobes : upper ones smaller. Flowers
small, greenish, corymbose in the forks of the branches. Berry
yellowish, globose, size of a filbert. Tegore is the native
name.
Tegore Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5
to 6 feet.
40 S. lyra'tum (Thunb. jap. p. 92.) stem herbaceous, erect,
tomentose, as well as both surfaces of the leaves : lower leaves
lyrate : superior ones hastate. X.G. Native of Japan, near
Nagasaki, where it is called Fijodori Diogo by the natives.
Dun. sol. p. 143. Segments of the leaves nearly opposite, 4
or more, entire : the terminal one larger. Flowers panicled,
axillary, and terminal. Panicles sub-dichotomous.
Lyrate-]ea\e(i Nightshade. PI.
3 G
410
SOLANACEtE, I. SOLANUM.
41 S. pygm^e'um (Cav. icon. 5. p. 23. t. 439. f. -2.) stem
herbaceous, an inch in height; leaves ovate, 3-lobed : middle
lobe elongated, obtuse. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, in
the plains called Pampas. Dun. sol. p. 145. Stem simple,
usually terminating in two flowers. Leaves small. Peduncles
at first erect, but afterwards deflexed. Corolla pale blue, 5-
parted. Berry small, villous, globose.
Pygmy Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 inch.
§ 2. Leaves sinuated, angular, or toothed.
42 S. gbandifl6rum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 33. t. 168.
f. b.) stem arboreous, woolly ; leaves ovate, sinuated, or quite
entire, hispid above, and woolly beneath ; racemes cymose,
recurved, short; flowers secund. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in
groves at Pozuzo. Dun. sol. p. 143. t. 30. syn. p. 10. Stem
clothed with stellate fulvous wool. Calyx increasing after flo-
rescence. Corolla large, violaceous, 5-parted, with 5 woolly
zones outside. Berry large, woolly, yellowish, dependent.
Great-flowered Nightshade. Tree 15 to 30 feet.
43 S. Quitoe'nse (Lam. ill. no. 2326. Poir. encycl. 4. p.
285.) stem suffruticose ; leaves subcordate, sinuately angular,
tomentose on both surfaces ; racemes lateral, very short, hairy.
$ . S. Native of Peru, in the gardens of Quito and Lima,
where it is called Narangitas de Quito by the natives. Dun.
sol. p. 144. ed. 2d. ined. t. 92. f. 6. syn. p. 10. Hook. hot.
mag. t. 2739. S. angulatum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 36. t. 170.
f. b. — Feuill. obs. 3. p. 61. t. 46 Bunn. pi. amer. 219. t. 224.
f. 2. ? exclusive of the syn. of Dill, and Lin. Lycospermum
arborescens foliis angulatis, fructu aureo, Plum. cat. p. 4.
Tourn. inst. p. 150. Plant very hairy. Leaves large, with
acute segments, and having the petioles and nerves purplish.
Calycine segments acute. Corolla large, white inside, and
violaceous outside. Berry globose, size and colour of a small
orange, when young clothed with short wool. The natives of
Peru call this species Narangitas de Quito, and some drops of
the juice are mixed with the drink called matte.
Qi«<o Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 6 feet.
44 S. Tweedia'num (Hook. bot. mag. 3385.) plant clothed
with clammy down; leaves cordate, angularly-toothed at the base,
on long petioles; racemes umbellate; flowers nutant. IJ. G.
Native of Buenos Ayres, Tweedie. Corollas 5-cleft, large, pale
blue. Peduncles opposite the leaves.
Tweedie'* Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1833. PI. U
foot.
45 S. Sandwice'nse (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 92.) stem shrubby ; branches terete ; branchlets canescent ;
leaves angularly sinuated, ovate, glabrous above, clothed with
hoary down beneath ; racemes corymbose, terminal or lateral ;
corolla minute, 5-cleft ; stamens equal. Tj . G. Native of
the Sandwich Islands.
Sandwich-Island Nightshade. Shrub.
46 S. TopiRo (Dun. syn. p. 10. sol. ed. 2d. t. 92. f. 1. H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 25.) stem herbaceous, tomen-
tose ; leaves somewhat ovate, acute, sinuately angular, unequal
at the base, beset with adpressed pili above, and fine hoary
tomentum beneath ; flowers extra-axillary, aggregate ; berry
ovate. •2^. S. Native in humid places on the banks of the
Orinoco, near San Fernando de Atabapo, &c., where it is called
Topiro. Leaves 9-10 inches lon^, and 6 broad, with acute
angles. Calyx tomentose. Corolla greenish, with rather une-
qual, ovate-oblong, acute segments, clothed with stellate tomen-
tum outside. Berry 4-celled, edible, propped by the calyx.
Topiro Nightshade. PI. 6 feet.
47 S. macroca'rpum (Lin. mant. p. 205.) stem herbaceous,
glabrous ; leaves cuneated at the base, sinuated, quite glabrous ;
peduncles few-flowered, short. %. S. Native of Peru. Mill.
fig. t. 294. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1033, exclusive of the syn. of
Feuill, and Plum. Lam. ill. no 2325. Dun. sol. p. 144. syn. p.
10. — Plum. spec. 4. icon. t. 224. f. 2. ? Leaves large, repandly
sinuated, sometimes obtuse, and sometimes acute. Calycine
segments very long. Corollas large, blue, sub-campanulate, half
5-cleft, many sterile. Berry fleshy, globose, yellow, size of an
apple.
Large-fruited 'Hightsh&de. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
48 S. pentada'ctylum (Ci. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 72.)
stem erect, or flexuous, glabrous ; leaves runcinately sinuated,
with acute segments, glabrous, shining above ; corymbs short,
terminal, or in the forks of the stem ; fruit large, ovate, fur-
nished with 5 regular protuberances at the base. Tj . S. Native
of Trinidad, about St. Ann's and the Port of Spain. Leaves
large. Fruit large, yellow. Flowers middle-sized, blue.
/"/iie-^ng-ererf-fruited Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
49 S. CALYciNiiM (Moc. et Sesse. icon. mex. ined. Dun. syn.
p. 10. sol. ed. 2d. t. 29.) stem twisted, glabrous, thick ; leaves
sinuately repand ; peduncles short, 1-fiowered, solitary; calyx
increasing after florescence. %. G. Native of Mexico. Habit
of S. macrocdrpiim. Plant glabrous. Calycine segments with
many sinuated nerves. Corolla blue, 5-angled. Berry globose,
yellow, size of a small apple.
Large-calyxed Wighishade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1| foot.
50 S. Baueria'num (Endl. fl. norf. p. 54. Bauer, icon. t.
158.) stem shrubby ; leaves oblong, acuminated, angularly-
toothed, glabrous; corymbs terminal, rather loose; peduncles
drooping. h . G. Native of Norfolk Island. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Corollas white, size of those of S. tuberosum.
Berry ovate-oblong, of a vermilion colour.
Bauer's Nightshade. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 3. PsEUDO-cAPSicA (falsB capsicums.) Leaves angularly
repand, or entire. Corollas somewhat 5-parted. Berries sphe-
rical, torulose, or smooth.
51 S. RACEMIFLORUM (Dun. sol. 147. syn. p. 11.) stem herba-
ceous, scabrous ; leaves ovate, repandly angular, scabrous ;
racemes lateral; berries furrowed. Q. H. Native country
unknown. S. scabrum, Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 45. t. 333, but
not of Vahl. Plant scabrous from numerous pungent hairs or
striga;. Stem green, suffused with purple. Leaves thickish.
Racemes many-flowered, more or less than an inch long. Calyx
scabrous. Corolla white, rose-coloured beneath. Berry like
that of S. /Ethiopictim, but smaller.
Raceme-flowered Nightshade. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818.
Plant 2 feet.
52 S. jEthiopicum (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 307.) stem herbaceous ;
leaves ovate, repandly angular, glabrous ; peduncles usually 1-
flowered, drooping ; berries torulose. ©. H. Native of Ethi-
opia, China, and Japan. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 12. Thunb. jap.
p. 92. Dun. sol. p. 148. syn. p. 11. Pseiido-capsicum toru-
losum, Moench. meth. p. 477. Lycopersicum jEthiopicum,
Mill. diet. no. 3. — Barrel, icon. 1108. Nussubi, or Ka and
Kja of the Japanese ex Koempf amoen. p. 810. Fokke, or
Fokkes of the Dutch, ex Thunb. Leaves a hand long. Fruit
larce, red, depressed. Corymbs few-flowered. Corollas white.
One of the pedicels in each corymb bears a fertile flower, the
rest are usually sterile.
Var. ft, violaceum ; unarmed ; flowers violaceo\is ; berries
white, or purple. ©. H. Native of China. S. jEthiopicum,
Lour. coch. 1. p. 130. The name is Ca Tien in China. Flow-
SOLANACEjE. I. SOLANUM.
411
ers solitary. Calyx and corolla 6-cleft. Berry spheroid, 6-lobed,
large, edible. Perhaps a proper species.
I'ar. y, aculeatuni (Dun. sol. p. 148.) 0. H. Native of
Europe, in gardens. Stem prickly. Leaves ratlier tomentose
beneath ; umbels axillary. Calyx unarmed. S. integrifolium,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 301. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 740. Mala iEthiopica,
Ray. hist. 673.- — Dod. pempt. p. 459. icon. S. pomiferum
herbariorum, Lob. icon. 264. — Mor. hist. sect. 3. p. .525. sect.
13. t. 2.- — Plukn. phyt. t. 226. f. 4. Lycopersicum fructu
striato duro, Tourn. inst. p. 150. Perhaps a species. Ber-
ries small, yellow, size of peas.
JEthiopian Nightshade. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. |
to I foot.
53 S. Zuccagnia'num (Dun. sol. p. 149. t. 11. syn. p. 11.)
stem sub-herbaceous ; leaves ovate, angularly repand, glabrous,
unequal at the base; peduncles usually 1-flovvered, drooping;
berries nearly globose. 7/ . H. Native country unknown, but
cultivated in the gardens of Florence and Montpelier. S.
sctlbrum, Zuccag. cent. no. 50, but not of Vahl. or Jacq. Plant
green, beset with minute crystalline warts when examined by a
lens. Corolla 5-parted, white, with acute segments. Berry
cherry shaped, round, sub-umbilicate, mucronate, red when ripe.
Peduncles solitary, or twin, 1 rarely 2-flowered. Habit of
S. /Ethiopicum, from which it differs in the leaves being minutely
warted, in the berries being much smaller, smooth, or deeply
furrowed. It also comes near to S. racemiflorum.
Zuccagni's Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 2
feet.
54 S. TRiQUETRUM (Cav. icon. 3. p. 30. t. 259. descr. p, 110.)
stem frutescent, triquetrous ; leaves cordate-deltoid, acumi-
nated, glabrous ; umbels opposite the leaves, pedunculate. Tj .
S. Native of New Spain. Dim. sol. 147. syn. p. 11. Stems
slender, sometimes erect, and sometimes trailing, triquetrous in
the young state. Peduncles very short ; pedicels 3-4 umbel-
late, drooping. Corollas small, white, somewhat 5-parted, with
linear curled segments. Berry nutant, globose, red, size of
a pea.
Triquetrous-&ie\nmeA Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
55 S. microca'rpdm (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 40.) stem shrubby ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat repand ; racemes lateral.
h . G. Native of Egypt. Dun. sol. p. 149. t. 10. S. pseiido-
capsicum, var. microcarpura, Pers. ench. 1. p. 224. S. diphyl-
lum, Forsk. pi. cat. asgypt. p. 63. no. 134. Leaves 3-4 inches
long, green, glabrous. Racemes extra-axillary, 1 inch long.
Flowers sub-cymose. Corolla white, 5-parted, pilose outside.
Berries smooth, red, size of pepper berries.
Small-J'ruilcd Nightshade. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
56 S. pseu'do-ca'psicum (Lin. spec. p. 263.) stem shrubby ;
leaves lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, sub-repand ; peduncles
generally 1-flowered, extra-foliaceous. 5^ . G. Native of Ma-
deira ; and in gardens almost every where. Dun. sol. 150.
syn. p. 11. Pseiido-cupsicum undulatifolium, Mcench. meth.
p. 477. — Sabb. hort. rom. p. 12. t. 59. S. fruticosum baccife-
rum, Tourn. inst. 149. Mor. hist. 3. p. 526. S. arborescens,
Caesalp. p. 215. Strychnodendros, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 614.
Besl. hort. eyst. p. 317. t. 316. Pseudo-capsicum, Dod. pempt.
718. icon. S. Americanum, Dalech. lugd. p. 599. icone. In
Spain the fruit is called Guindas de las Indias ; in France
Morelle cerisette, petit ceresier d'hiver, Amome des Jardiniers ;
in England Winter Cherries, or Tree Nightshade. Plant gla-
brous. Corolla small, white, 5-parted. Berry globose, red, or
scarlet, size of a cherry.
Var. /3, luteum ; berries yellow, ex Poir. encycl. 4. p. 281.
False- Capsicum, or Tree Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1596. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
57 S. psEu'no-QUiNA (St. Hil. pi. usuell. bras. t. 21.) stem
arboreous, unarmed ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, narrow, acute,
quite entire, glabrous above, but with fascicles of villi in the
axils of the nerves beneath ; racemes extra-axillary, short,
bearing 1, or few-fruit; calyx glabrous. Tj . G. Native of Bra-
zil, in the district of Curitiba in .St. Paul, without the tropic.
The bark is very bitter, and the inhabitants use it with great
success in the cure of fevers, and for that reason is called
by them Quina, from considering it the same as the Quina
of Peru.
False-quina Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 4. More'lla (Morelle is the generic name of Solarium in
French ; and is from the Celtic word mor, black. In old
French mor is the root of many names, expressing dark or black
things.) Stem herbaceous, or sub-herbaceous. Leaves acumi-
nated at both ends. Racemes short, panicled, intra-foliaceons ;
pedicels subumbellate, or panicled, drooping. Flowers small,
white, or pale violet. Berries small, globose.
58 S. nodifl6rum (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 288. icon. rar. 2. t. 326.)
stem suffruticose ; branches terete, and are, as well as the
leaves, glabrous; leaves ovate, quite entire; flowers sub-um-
bellate. Jj . S. Native of India, Lin. ; Guiana, Aubl. ; Bra-
zil, Piso ; Mauritius, Jacq. &c. Dun. sol. 151. S. strictum,
Zucc. cent. 1. p. 49. S. nigrum, ft, patulum, Lin. spec. p. 267.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1035. Branches thickened at the nodi. Leaves
half a foot long. Calycine segments oblong, obtuse. Corollas
white, with a yellow base ; segments lanceolate, acute. Berry
small, black.
Knot-flowered Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI.
10 feet.
59 S. Desva'uxii (Hamilt. prod. p. 26.) stem about 2 feet
high, erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, or sub-repand ;
berries small, globose, black. ©. H. Native of the Island of
Nevis. S. nodiflorum, Desv. herb. Stem herbaceous.
Desvaux's Nightshade. PI. 2 foot.
60 S. Dille'nii (Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 2d. 1. p. 393. Roem.
et Schidtes, syst. 4. p. 586.) stem and branches terete, gla-
brous ; leaves ovate, spreading horizontally, glabrous ; pedun-
cles filiform; fructiferous cymes erectly spreading. 0. H.
Native of Hungary, in the woods of Matra, Kitaibel. S.
nigrum, ft, patulum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1035. Roth, catalect. 2.
p. 23.— Dill. elth. 367. t. 275. f. 355. Nearly allied to S.
patulum, Ruiz, et Pav. Flowers white, much smaller than
those of S. nigrum. Berry marked with small white dots before
maturity.
Dillenius's Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI.
2 feet.
61 S. iiicRospERMUM (Dun. syn. p. 12. sol. ed. 2d. t. 93.
ined.) stem terete, herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves solitary, or
twin ovate, subcordate, entire, glabrous, shining ; racemes sub-
umbellate. ©. H. Native country unknown.
Small-seeded Nightshade. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
62 S. Guinee'nse (Lam. ill. no. 2339. Mill, diet.) stem
herbaceous ; branches glabrous, angularly-toothed ; leaves
ovate, glabrous, quite entire ; flowers numerous, somewhat
umbellate. ©. H. Native of Guinea. Dun. sol. p. 152.
syn. p. 12. S. nigrum, c, Guineense, Lin. spec. p. 266 Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1035.— Dill. elth. 360. t. 274. f. 354.— Boerh.
lugdb. 2. p. 68. Bross. icon. t. 13. S. Memphiticimi, Mart,
mss. Nearly allied to S. nigrum. Angles of the stem toothed.
Corolla whitish, or pale violet. Berry globose, size of a small
cherry, black and shining at maturity.
Gumca Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. H to
3 feet.
3 G 2
412
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
63 S. NIGRUM (Lin. spec. p. 266. mat. med. 66.) stem herba-
ceous, angular ; leaves ovate, toothed, nearly naked ; flowers
sub-umbellate. 0. H. Native throughout Europe; a weed
in cultivated ground ; as well as of Africa and Asia, in like
situations. Dun. sol. p. 152. syn. p. 12. Willd. enum. 1. p.
236. S. nigrum, a, vulgAtius, Lia. spec. 266. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 566. Curt. loud. fasc. 2. t. 14. Plench, icon. t. 120. Oed.
fl. dan. t. 460. Bull. herb. t. 67. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 1.
icon. Hayne, term. bot. t. 28. Schkuhr, handb. t. 46. S.
officinarum acinis nigricantibus et acinis luteis, 'I ourn. inst. p.
148. S. officinarum, Zanich. venez. t. 268. S. hortensis,
Blackw. t. 107. &c.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 520. sect. 13. t. 1. f. 1.
Lob. icon. 262. — Tab. icon. 577. Verba mora of Brazil,
Peru, and Spain. Morelle a fruits noir and Morelle crcve
chien of the French. Plant downy. Stem branched, and is,
as well as the branches, angular-toothed. Common peduncles
short. Flowers few, 5-6 together, white. Berries size of cur-
rants, black, rarely yellow. The herb is fetid, and diuretic ;
it also promotes perspiration. Too large a quantity occasions
violent sickness, with headache, giddiness, drowsiness, and other
dano-erous symptoms. In short its effects on tlie nervous sys-
tem are so uncertain, and sometimes so considerable, that it
must ever be administered with the greatest caution. S. nigrum,
Thunb. jap. p. 92, and Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. p. 32, are probably
distinct varieties.
Var. ft, melanocerasum (Dun. sol. 153.) branches angularly
toothed ; leaves ovate, toothed, angular, glabrous ; racemes
sub-umbellate, extra-foliaceous. ©. H. Native of the South
of Europe. S. melanocerasum, Willd. enum. p. 237.
Var. y, atriplicifolium ; leaves sinuated, angular. ©. H.
S. atriplicif61ium, Desportes in herb. D. C.
i?/af^-fruited Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. 1
to 1| foot.
64 S. FisTULosuM (Rich. herb. Dun. syn. p. 12. sol. ed. 2d.
ined. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 37.) branched, herbaceous;
stem fistular, angular ; leaves ovate, with a blunt acumen, some-
what repand, running into the narrow petioles at the base ;
pedicels when bearing the fruit equal in length to the common
peduncle; pollen yellow. Q. H. Native of the Mauritius,
East Indies, and cultivated in America. Very like S. nodiflo-
rum, and S. Guineense, but differs from them in the peduncles
being stronger and shorter, in the leaves being repand, and the
stems being angular and more blunt, in the flowers being
smaller, the anthers shorter, and in the pollen being yellow, not
violaceous.
Var. a; berries black. ©. H. S. fistulosum. Rich. 1. c.
Dun. syn. p. 12. S. Rhinocerotis, Blum, bijdr. p. 695. ? S.
nigrum, Wall. cat. no. 2615.
Var. ft ; berries red. ©. H. S. rubrum, Gmel. syst. p.
384. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1034. S. erythrae'um, Dun. sol. 238.
S. nigrum fructu rubro, Hamilt. herb. Wall. cat. no. 2615,
Fe.sa</a)-stemmed Nightshade. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
65 S. ince'rtum (Dun. sol. 155. syn. p. 13. Nees in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 38.) branched, diffuse, herbaceous; stem angular;
angles smooth, or denticulated ; leaves deltoid, or deltoid-oblong,
triangularly acuminated, sinuately toothed in the middle ; fructi-
ferous pedicels reflexed, equal in length to the common pedun-
cle. ©. H. Native of India, in sandy places, Silhet, Wallich.
Flowers sub-umbellate, small, white. Berries round, size of
peas.
Var. a ; leaves narrower, sharply and sinuately toothed ;
fruit red, or yellow ; stem rather scabrous. ©. H. S. nigrum.
Wall. cat. no. 2615, from Oude and Rungpur.
Var. ft ; leaves broadly deltoid, sparingly angular, or some-
what hastately angular.
* Berries red, or copper-coloured. ©. H. Native of India,
Arabia, and the South of Europe. S. nigrum, Forsk. fl. aegypt.
p. 46. Wall. cat. no. 2615. C. N. S. miniatum, Bernh. ex
Willd. enum. 1. p. 236. Dun. sol. p. 156. S. nigrum, ft,
Judaicum, Lin. spec. p. 266. ? S. oflicinarum acinis puniceis,
Tourn. inst. p. 148. S. puniceum. Cord. hist. 158. Nelan
Tsjunda, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 145. t. 73. Mesaelleha hadie of
the Arabs, ex Forsk. 1. c.
* * Berries black. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. S. nigrum,
var. melanocerasum. Wall. cat. no. 2615. F.
t/raceWain Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. U
to 3 feet.
66 S. ku'brum (Mill. diet. no. 4. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p.
249. Dun. sol. p. 155.) herbaceous, branched, diffuse ; stem
angular, with the angles and ribs of leaves denticulated ; leaves
ovate-oblong, attenuated at the base and apex, repandly toothed ;
fructiferous pedicels divaricate, shorter than the common pedun-
cle, which is slender ; pollen yellow. ©. H. Native all over
India in cultivated places; and of Java, Amboyna ; California
(but with broader leaves). This species differs from <S'. nigrum
and S. incertum, in the stem being more elongated, in the angles
of the steins, petioles, and ribs of the leaves on the under side
being muricated, and furnished with strigulose down when
young, in the leaves being attenuated at both ends, narrower
and softer, never deltoid ; in the umbels being smaller, and also
the berries.
Var. a ; berries red, or copper-coloured ; flowers smaller ;
stem and leaves smoothish. 0. H. S. rilbrum, Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 216. S. nigrum, jj, riibrum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1036. S.
Rumphii, Dun. sol. p. 157. S. nigrum. Wall. cat. part. S.
asperum, Horn. herb. Gunth. from California. S. nigrum, fructu
rubro. Wall. cat. no. 2615. A. B. Halicacabus Indicus minor
niger, Rumph. amb. 6. t. 26. f. 2.
Var. ft ; berries red, or copper-coloured ; flowers smaller ;
stem and leaves hairy, both erosely toothed. ©. H. India.
S. Riimphii, Blum, bijdr. p. 693, but not of Dun. S. cheno-
podioides, Lam. ill. no. 234. Dun. sol. p. 157. — Feuill. per. 2.
t. 14. Berries pale, or whitish, and watery. S. nigrum, herb.
Heyne, part. Stems clothed with hoary villi, having the angles
more muricated than in var. a, and the leaves are more rhom-
boid, and erosely toothed to the top, villous, obscure.
Var. y ; berries black, flowers larger. 0. H. Native of
tropical America. S. oleraceum, Richard, herb. Dun. syn. p.
12. S. nigrum, Blum, bijdr. p. 694. S. nigrum fructu nigro.
Wall. cat. no. 2615. H. Aquara-Quiya, Piso, lib. 4. cap. 50. f.
3. Branches downy at top.
/fe(Z-berried Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL
1 to 3 feet.
67 S. erythroca'rpum (Meyer, esseq. p. 109.) stems perma-
nent ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated at both ends, quite
entire; racemes subumbellate, interfoliaceous. "if.. S. Native
in plantations about the Essequibo. S. rubrum, Lin. syst. veg.
p. 173. ed. 15.? Habit and stature of S. nigrum. Stem
branched, obsoletely angular, puberulous, as well as the branch-
es. Leaves twin, or solitary, sometimes downy, sometimes
glabrous. Corolla white, downy ; segments oblong, acute.
Berry pendulous, smaller than a pea, yellowish, and shining.
Red-fruited Nightshade. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
68 S. furca'tum (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 750. Dun. syn. p. 13.
sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 135.) stem herbaceous, somewhat dichoto-
mous, angularly-toothed ; leaves ovate, toothed ; racemes forked.
©. H. Native of Peru. The flowers are said to be the largest
of its congeners.
Var. a, glahruni ; plant glabrous.
Var. ft, jnlbsum ; plant pilose.
Forked Nightshade. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
69 S. i'terocau'lum (Dun. sol. p. 153. syn. p. 13.) stem
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
413
herbaceous, and is, as well as the branches, angular and toothed ;
leaves snbovate, sinuately angular ; flowers subunibellate. 0.
H. Native of South America, in various places; and of New
Holland. H. 13. et Kuntli, nov. gen. 3. p. 25. S. nigrum,
var. e, Virginicum, Lin. spec. 266. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 215.
.Swartz, obs. p. 83. R. Br. prod. p. 445. S. scabrum. Mill,
diet. no. 6, but not of Vahl. nor Jacq. S. alcitum, Moench.
meth. p. 474. — Dill. elth. p. 367. t. 275. f. 256. Branches
puberulous ; angles somewhat ciliated, rather prickly at the base
of the cilia. Leaves glabrous. Calyx downy. Corolla white, ex
H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. pale violet at first, at length pale, ex
Dun. Berries round, black at maturity, size of peas. Anthers
yellow.
Wing-stemmed Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? PI. 1
to 2 feet.
70 S. Juda'icum (Scliultes, sestr. fl. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 393.
Bess. fl. gall. p. 183. no. 278. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
589.) stem herbaceous, almost unarmed ; branches angular,
muricated ; prickles incurved ; leaves ovate, sinuately-angular ;
corymbs distich, nutant. ©. H. Native of Austria and Gali-
cia, &c. by way-sides. S. nigrum, c, Judaicum, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1035. S, nigrum Virginicum, /3, Judaicum, Pers. syn. 1. p.
224. Stem nearly terete. Leaves almost glabrous. Corollas
white. Anthers distinct, yellow, connivent. Pedicels deflexed.
Berries black.
Jewish Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
71 S. suFFRUTicosuM (Schousb. ex Willd. enum. p. 236.
Dun. sol. p. 154. syn. p. 13.) stem unarmed, suflfruticose ;
leaves ovate, dentately angular, nearly glabrous, ciliated ; flow-
ers sub-panicled, ex Dun, ; umbels extra-foliaceous, pedun-
culate, ex Willd. h . H. Native of Barbary. Branches 2-
edged, or quadrangularly-winged from the decurrence of the
petioles ; angles toothed. Leaves large, glaucous, covered
with soft hairs above while young. Flowers white. Berries
black. Very like S. nigrum, but the stem is shrubby, the leaves
larger, and the flowers more numerous, &c. ; it also differs
from iS". quadrangidare, in the leaves being always dentately
angular, and in the flowers being white, not violaceous.
Suffruticose Nightshade. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1804. Shrub
4 feet.
72 S. quadrangula're (Thunb. prod. 36. Lin. suppl. p.
147.) stem shrubby, tetragonal; leaves ovate, entire, and angu-
lar ; flowers panicled. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. This species is readily recognized by its tetragonal,
hairy, scabrous stem ; angles curled. Branches scabrous.
Leaves glabrous. Flowers terminal, bluish.
Var. ji ; leaves lanceolate, entire.
Quadrangular-stemmed Nightshade. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
73 S. TRiANGULA^RE (Lam. ill. no. 2342.) stem herbaceous,
trigonal ; leaves oblong-ovate, quite entire, naked ; flowers
panicled. ©. H. Native of the East Lidies. Poir. encycl.
4. p. 290, exclusive of tlie synonyme of Rumpli. S. quadran-
gulire, var. triangulare, Pers. ench. 1. p. 225. Stem trigonal,
not winged. Leaves soft, acute. Corolla small, pale violet,
with reflexed segments. Berries size of peas, greenish.
Triangular-stemmed Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800.
PI. 1| to 2 feet.
74 S. bractea'tum (Thunb. in act. gorensk. 1812. fl. cap. 2.
p. 57.) stem unarmed, shrubby, tetragonal ; leaves ovate, ser-
rated ; racemes leafy. tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Stem stiff, glabrous ; angles curled. Leaves glabrous.
Bracteas similar to the leaves, convolute, serrulated. Calyxes
acute. Berries black. It differs from S, quadrangulare in the
calyx, inflorescence, and leaves.
Bracleate Nightshade. Shrub.
75 S. hu'mile (Bernh. ex Willd. enum. p. 236. Dun. sol.
p. 156.) stem herbaceous ; branches rather angular, toothed,
downy ; leaves ovate, sub-repand : superior ones almost entire ;
flowers subunibellate. ©. H. Native of the South of Europe.
S. oflicinarum acinis e luteo-virescentibus, Tourn. inst. p. 148.
Stems prostrate. Leaves rather downy, with a few teeth.
Alternate pedicels drooping. Corolla small, white. Berry
nearly globose, size of a pea, green, or yellowish green, smaller
than in S. nigrum.
Humble ^ighishade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL pros.
76 S. flaVum (Kit. in Schubes, austr. ed. 2d. vol. 1. no.
871.) stem herbaceous ; branches angular, toothed, clothed with
strigose down ; leaves ovate-oblong, angularly-sinuated, rather
hairy ; flowers subunibellate. Q. H. Native of the South of
Hungary, and of France, about Andegaveny. S. ochroleucuni,
Dun. syn. p. 14. Bast, in Desv. journ. bot. 3. 1814. p. 20.
D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 418. Dun. sol. ed. 2d. ined. Nearly
allied to S. villosum, but the leaves are narrower, and more
sinuately-toothed ; the corollas are cream-coloured ; the umbels
fewer-flowered. Berries yellowish, at length dark brown.
yeZ/orv-fruited Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
2 feet.
77 S. VILLOSUM (Lam. ill. no. 2338. Dun. sol. 157. syn. p.
14.) stem herbaceous, villous ; leaves ovate, angularly-toothed,
villous ; flowers subumbellate. ©. H. Native of Europe,
in cultivated and waste places. Willd. enum. 1. p. 236. S.
liiteum, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 521. Mill. diet. no. 3. S. nigrum,
7, villosum, Lin. spec. 266. VVilld. spec. ]. p. 1035. Bieb.
fl. cauc. 1. p. 165. S. nigrum villosum nioschatum, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 224. S. ^gyptiacum, Forsk. descr. p. 46- — ■
Hall. helv. no. 576.— Sabb. hort. rom. 2. p. 12. t. 61. — Dill,
elth. 366. t. 274. f. 353. S. ofRcinarum acinis luteis, Tourn.
inst. p. 148. The whole plant is canescent from soft hairs. Ber-
ries at first green, but of a dirty copper colour, or almost red
at maturity, nearly globose. Corollas white, larger than those
of S. nigrum, to which it is nearly allied.
ri/ZoMS Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
78 S. hirsu'tum (Dun. sol. p. 158. syn. p. 14.) stem and
branches terete, hairy ; leaves quite entire, hairy ; flowers sub-
umbellate. ©. H. Native of Egypt, in gardens. S. nigrum,
3, hirsiitum, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 40. S. yEgyptiacum, b. Forsk.
fl. aegypt. p. 46. S. Memphiticura, Gmel. syst. p. 385. S.
nigrum hirsCitum, Forsk. descr. p. 46. Enab eddib. i. e.
Fox grape in Arabic. Umbels nutant. Berries edible. This
species differs from <S'. villonim in the berries being black, and
the leaves quite entire.
//air?/ Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
79 S. Kitaibe'li (Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 395.)
stem herbaceous, and is, as well as the leaves, clothed with
tomentose pubescence; corymbs few-flowered. ©. H. Na-
tive of Hungary, Kitaibel. S. incanum, Kit. mss. This spe-
cies differs from S. hirsulum, in the leaves being hardly an inch
long, and sinuated only at the base. Berries fuscescent, 4-5
together.
Kitaibel' s Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. 1
foot.
80 S. Besse'ri (Weinm. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. j).
593.) stem herbaceous, rather angular ; leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, quite entire, downy ; racemes subumbellate, extra-folia-
ceous, pendulous. ©. H. Native of America. Leaves 5-6
inches long. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla white or bluish, with
reflexed segments. Berries size and colour of those of S.
nigrum.
^cm-r'i Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
414
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
SuBSECT. III. Holophy'lla (fioiTi oXog, holos, entire ; and
ipvXKoy, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the entire leaves.)
Leaves quite entire, solitary. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens equal.
§ 1. Racemes terminal.
81 S. se'ssile (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 25. t. 167. f. a.
Dun. sol. p. 159. syn. p. 14.) stems shrubby, glabrous; leaves
oblong-spatulate, acuminated, sessile, quite glabrous; racemes
recurved. Pj . S. Native of Peru, in waste places about
Munna. Shrub glabrous. Leaves a foot long. Corolla white.
Anthers dark purple. Berry white, size of a cherry. Pedun-
cles terminal, solitary, a span long.
Sessile-\e&\eA Nightshade. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
82 S. ALLOGONUM (Bemh. mss. ex Schlecht, in Linnsea, 8.
p. 252.) corolla greenish, physaloid, furnished with a large
spreading calyx, remaining under the berry ; and is, as well as
the stem, angularly winged. ©.? H. Native of Mexico, at
Jalapa and Hacienda de La Laguna. Perhaps a proper genus.
Diverse-angled Nightshade. PI.
83 S. ANON.UFOLiuM (Duu. syn. p. 15. sol. ed. 2d. t. 25.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 27.) arboreous, glabrous;
leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, quite entire, gla-
brous, blistered above, and pilose in the axils of the veins be-
neath ; corymbs terminal, branched. ^ . S. Native of New
Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, between Tene-
riffe and Monpox. Branches terete. Leaves 5 inches long.
Corollas white ? with ovate-oblong, obtuse segments.
Anona-leaved Nightshade. Tree.
84 S. pa'tulum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 223. Dun. sol. 162. syn.
p. 15.) stem shrubby ; branches powdery; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, powdery on both sin-faces, and particularly on
the under side ; racemes loose, spreading ; pedicels twin. ^ .
S. Native of Peru, in groves at Munna and Tambo-nuevo,
S. lanceolatum, Ruiz, et Pav. 2. p. 33. t. 164. f. a. hut not of
Cav. Leaves subpetiolate, about 5 inches long. Calyx pow-
dery. Corolla large, violaceous, glabrous, powdery outside.
Berry black, size of a cherry.
A'p)e«di»!g Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
85 S. pulverule'ktum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 223.) stem
shrubby ; branches powdery ; leaves lanceolate-linear, nerved
beneath, undidated ; racemes rameal, powdery; pedicels twin.
f; . S. Native of Peru, in groves of Huanuco, at Acamago.
Dun. sol. p. 163. syn. p. 15. S. angustifolium, Ruiz, et Pav.
H. per. 2. p. 83. t. 163. f. b. but not of Lam. Stem much
branched. Leaves powdery. Corolla whitish- violet, powdery
outside. Berry black, subovate, size of a chick-pea.
Powdery Nightshade. Shrub.
86 S. LONGiFLOBUM (Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 20.) stem shrubby;
leaves oblong or elliptic, attenuated, rather tonientose on both
surfaces ; racemes bifid, cymose ; corolla 5-parted. J; . S.
Native of Guiana. S. longifolium. Dun. sol. p. 163. t. 9. syn.
p. 15. S. salvifolium, Lam. ill. no. 2308. ? S. subenerme,
Jacq. ? Branches terete, rather tomentose from minute starry
hairs at top, as well as the peduncles, pedicels, leaves, and
calyxes. Leaves unequal, 2-9 inches long, reflexed, undulately
repand, green above. Corolla bluish-violet, with narrow, blunt
segments, tomentose outside. Teeth of calyx subulate. The
young branches are said by Link, ex enum. 1. p. 184. to be fur-
nished with soft prickles.
Long-flowered Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
87 S. ni'tidum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 33. t. 163.)
stem shrubby ; branches glabrous, shining ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute ; racemes subcymose, clothed with powdery to-
mentum. 1^ . S. Native of Peru, in groves of Tarma, where
it is called Rapace by the natives. Leaves entire or repand.
Corolla whitish-violet, powdery outside. Berry black, size of a
chick-pea.
AS'/iiHin^-branched Nightshade. Shrub.
88 S. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Lam. ill. no. 2343. Dun. syn. p. 15.)
stem shrubby ; branches subherbaceous ; leaves narrow-lanceo-
late, quite glabrous, bluntish ; flowers corymbose. fj . G.
Native of Buenos Ayres, in fields. Dun. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
32. Branches smooth. Leaves petiolate, similar to those of
the Laurel. Peduncles long, branched. Corolla white 1 with
ovate, blunt segments. Anthers large, yellow.
Narrow-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
89 S. stenophy'llum (Dun. syn. p. 15. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 27.) stem sub-herbaceous, clothed with pow-
dery tomentum ; leaves narrow, oblong-linear, almost sessile,
quite glabrous above, but clothed with powdery tomentum
beneath ; racemes coarctate. 'li . ? S. Native of Peru, on the
Andes, near Olleros and Yanto. Dun. sol. ed. 2d. t. 97.
Narrow-leaved Nightshade. PI. 2 feet?
90 S. Loxe'nse (Dun. syn. p. 16. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. 3. p. 28.) stem tomentose, scandent ; leaves subcordate,
ovate-lanceolate, hairy, and woolly beneath ; racemes terminal,
divaricate. %.^. S. Native of Quito, frequent between Loxa,
Gonzanama, and the banks of the river Catamayo, at the alti-
tude of 1060 hexapods. Dun. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 98. Stem
angular, a little winged, downy at base. Tomentum stellate,
whitish-yellow. Leaves on short petioles, unequal at the base.
Panicles terminal. Calycine segments truncate, mucronate.
Corolla small, with oblong, acute segments.
Loxa Nightshade. PI. climbing.
91 S. cRi'spuM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 31. t. 158. f. a.
Dun. sol. 159. syn. p. 16.) stem shrubby; leaves ovate and
subcordate, undulately curled, acuminated, quite entire ; flowers
corymbose, terminal. Ij . G. Native of Cliili, in waste places.
Plant very bitter, and called by the natives Nalre. Stem
glabrous. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla pale blue, slightly
puberulous. Berry pale yellow, globose, size of a pea.
Curled-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 12 to 15 feet.
92 S. au'reum (Dun. syn. p. 16. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
3. p. 28.) stem shrubby, twining ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
shining above, and rather pilose beneath ; racemes dichoto-
mous, clothed with brownish-yellow tomentum. ^ . ^. G.
Native of America, in frigid places at the bottom of Mount
Chimborazo, near Calpi and Yanaurcu, at the altitude of 1620
hexapods. Stem clothed with powdery, brownish-yellow to-
mentum, as well as the pedicels, racemes, calyxes, &c. Ra-
cemes paniculately corymbose. Corolla violaceous ; segments
lanceolate, with revolute edges.
Golden-haired Nightshade. Shrub twining.
93 S. PYRiFOLiuM (Lam. ill. p. 2345. Dun. sol. p. 160.
syn. p. 16.) stem sub-herbaceous; leaves ovate, entire, acute,
naked on both surfaces, on long petioles ; racemes panicled, ter-
minal ; calycine segments obtuse, mucronate. I2 . ? S. Native
of Martinico. Dun. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 34. Allied to S. quer-
cifblium ; but differs in the leaves being entire, and the flowers
larger. Corolla white ; with oval, obtuse segments. Calyx
glabrous ; segments blunt.
Pear-leaved Nightshade. Shrub 2 to 3 feet ?
94 S. macranthe^rum (Moc. et Sesse. pi. mex. icon. ined.
Dun. syn. p. 16. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 100. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 28. t. 195.) shrubby, scandent; leaves on long
petioles, ovate, acuminated, acute at the base, quite entire, hairy
or downy ; panicles terminal, branched ; flowers subcorymbose.
SOLANACEjE. I. SOLANUM.
115
(j . ^. G. Native of Mexico, near Cuernavaca. S. dulcama-
roides, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 750. Branches rather angular, downy.
Leaves 3 or 3h inches long. Panicles downy. Calyx downy,
sinuately 5-lol)ed. Corolla violaceous, size of those of S.
tuberosum, glabrous ; with ovate, acute segments. Berry glo-
bose, red, an inch in diameter. Nearly allied to S. pijrifdlium.
Anthers large, sessile, approximate.
Large-anthered Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
95 S. Bombe'nse (Jacq. p. 49. eclog. t. 24. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 29. Dun. sol. p. 160. ed. 2d. ind. t. 101. syn.
p. 16.) shrubby ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate-oblong, attenu-
ated at both ends, acute, subundulated, glabrous ; corymbs ex-
tra-axillary, trifid. ^i . S. Native of the Island of Tierra
Bomba, about Carthagena ; and of Mexico, near Moran, Regla,
and Omitla. Plant glabrous. Leaves about 3 inches long.
Peduncles opposite the leaves, an inch long, racemosely umbel-
late, ex Dun. Corollas white, size of those of S. nigrmn, green
outside ; segments ovate-oblong, acute, downy towards the mar-
gins. Calyx 5-toothed, a little ciliated.
Tierra-Bomha Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822.
Tree 12 feet.
96 S. pubi'gerum (Dun. sol. 160. t. 6. syn. p. 16.) stem
erect, shrubby ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, downy ; racemes di-trichotomous. Ij . G. Native of
Mexico. Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined. Poir. suppl. 3. p.
751. S. microcarpum, Cerv. elench. hort. matr. 1803. Brouss.
cat. hort. nionsp. 1804. S. Cervantesii, Lag. gen. et spec. nov.
p. 10. no. 145. Stem marked with small tubercles. Young
branches green, downy, rather angular. Leaves undulately re-
pand. Racemes corymbose, downy. Flowers small, white,
drooping. Calyx 5-toothed. Segments of corolla ovate, re-
flexed. Berry black, size of a pea. This species differs from
>S'. Bomhense in being clothed with silky tomentum ; and from
S. terminale, in the stems being erect, not decumbent ; and in
the flowers being cymose, not umbellate.
Down-bearing Nightshade. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
97 S. TERMINABLE (Forsk. SBgypt. p. 45. Vah), symb. 2. p.
40.) stem shrubby, decumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, almost
quite entire, pilose ; umbels terminal, villous. Ij . F. Native
of Arabia Felix, on the higher mountains of Yemen, and shady
places at Mocha. Dun. sol. 161. syn. p. 17. Stems warted,
downy at top. Leaves villous beneath, acute at both ends, with
undulately denticulated, ciliated edges. Calyx 5-toothed; seg-
ments lanceolate, obtuse. Corolla white. Berries taste of those
of S. Dulcamara. Anthers yellow.
7'e;-;Hina/-flovvered Nightshade. Shrub decumbent.
98 S. a'sperum (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 17. Dun. sol. p. 164. t.
7. syn. p. 17.) stem shrubby ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or ellip-
tic, rough ; cymes on long peduncles, fj . S. Native of South
America, Vahl ; Cayenne, Rich ; Guadaloupe, D. C. herb.
Branches scabrous from stellate hairs. Leaves 6 inches lonrr,
approximate towards the tops of the branches, attenuated at
both ends, scabrous from minute, stellate hairs. Peduncles di-
chotomous, clothed with yellowish-white, stellate pili, as well as
the peduncles, calyxes, and corollas. Segments of corolla ob-
long, acute. Berry almost globose.
Rough Nightshade. Shrub.
99 S. ra'dula (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 16.) stem shrubby; leaves
oblong-elliptic, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, very sca-
brous above, but clothed with canescent down beneath ; co-
rymbs terminal, dichotomous, hairy, ex Kunth ; tomentose, ex
Vahl. fj . S. Native of Cayenne ; and on the banks of the
river Magdalena, near Badilla. Dun. sol. p. 164. ed. 2. ined.
t. 35. syn. p. 17. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 29.
S. salvifolium. Lam. ill. no. 2308. S. asperum. Rich, in act.
soc. p. 19. Branches clothed with stellate pili, as well as the
leaves, &c. Leaves 2-4 inches long, scabrous and green above.
Cymes clothed with starry down, twice or thrice bifid. Corollas
small, white ; with ovate segments.
Rasp-\eayeA Nightshade. Shrub.
100 S. lepidotum (Dun. syn. p. 17. sol. ed. 2d. t. 102.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 30.) stem arboreous, terete;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, falcate, rather scabrous above, and
clothed with scaly tomentum beneath, shining on both surfaces ;
racemes subdichotomous. Tj . S. Native of New Granada.
Branches, peduncles, pedicels, calyxes, and corollas, rubiginose
from minute, scale-like, stellate hairs, as well as the under sides
of leaves. Berry globose.
Scale-dotted Nightshade. Tree.
101 S. LAURiFoLiUM (Lin. suppl. p. 148. Dun. sol. p. 165.
t. 8. syn. p. 17.) stem arboreous; leaves ovate-oblong, acute,
glabrous above, and tomentose beneath ; panicles dichotomous ;
pedicels cymose. Tj . S. Native of South America, in woods.
Branches tomentose. Leaves on short petioles, quite entire,
yellowish-brown beneath. Panicles tomentose. Calycine seg-
ments mucronulate. Corolline segments ovate.
Laurel-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Cult. 1820.
Tree.
102 S. ripa'rium (Pers. ench. 1. p. 221.) stem shrubby:
leaves oblong-acuminated, hoary from powdery, white tomen-
tum; corymbs terminal, dichotomous, many-flowered, peduncu-
late. I^ . S. Native of Peru, in the province of Huanuco, on
the edges of waterfalls. Dun. sol. p. 163. syn. p. 17. S. di-
chotomum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 34. t. 166. f. b. but not
of Lour. Almost all parts of the plant are canescent from pow-
dery tomentum. Flowers small. Corolla violaceous. Berrv
yellow, size of a filbert.
River-side Nightshade. Shrub.
103 S. VERBAsciFOLiUM (Lin. spec. 184. Mill. diet. no. 22.)
shrubby ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, tomen-
tose, white beneath, without any leaves in the axils; corymbs
nearly terminal, dichotomous ; calyx semiquinquefid. f; . S.
Native of Asia, America, tropical parts of New Holland, &c.
R. Br. prod. p. 444. Dun. sol. 165. syn. 17. Jacq. hort.
vind. 1. t. 13. Willem. herb. maur. p. 17. S. pub^scens,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 244. Blum, bijdr. 698. S. erianthum, D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 96. S. adulterinum, Hamilt. herb. S.
bicolor, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schidtes, syst. 4. p. 661.- —
Burm. amer. p. 241. t. 245. f. 2. — Plukn. aim. 351. t. 316. f.
1. Every part of the plant is clothed with powdery, white to-
mentum. Leaves broad, greenish-yellow above, and of a whitish-
yellow colour beneath. Corollas small, white. Berries size of
small cherries.
I'ar. /3, adulterinum (Hamilt. herb.) leaves a little broader,
more ovate, and less tomentose. h . S. India.
l\Iullein-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1749.
Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
104 S. auricula'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 246.) shrubby;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, tomentose, of the
same colour on both surfaces : axils furnished with oblique small
leaves ; corymbs subterminal, dichotomous, pedunculate ; calyx
semiquinquefid. Ij . S. Native of the Islands of Madagascar,
Mauritius, and Bourbon. Dun. sol. p. 166. syn. p. 17. Vahl.
symb. 3. p. 38. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 245. S. Mauri-
tianum. Scop. del. 3. p. 16. t. 8. Lam. ill. no. 2307. Leaves
6-7 inches long. All parts of the plant are clothed with yel-
lowish tomentum. Corolla villous outside, violaceous inside.
Berry globose, yellowish. Nearly allied to S. verbascijblium.
^«Wc/(?(i-leaved Nightshade. Fl. ? Clt. 1773. .Shrub 6 to
7 feet.
105 S. uMBELiiFERUM (Eschsclioltz. in mem. acad. st. pe-
416
SOLANACE^E. I. Solanum.
tersb. 10. p. 286. Hook, et Am. p. 152.) plant clothed with
hoary down ; stem suftiuticose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acutish,
quite entire ; racemes umbellate, terminal, few-flowered ; calyx
urceolate, 5-cleft : with acute segments ; corolla 5-cleft, 3 times
longer than the calyx. Tj.H. Native of California. Corolla
at first campanulate. Anthers biporose at the apex, with a ten-
dency to split.
Umbelliferous Nightshade. Shrub.
106 S. Bahame'nse (Mill. diet. no. 24.) shrubby; leaves
lanceolate, sinuately toothed, glabrous ; umbels erect. ^ . F.
Native of the Bahama Islands, Catesby. Dill. elth. t. 363.
Bark brown. Leaves 3h inches long, and 1^ broad, acuminated,
pale green. Umbels small, lateral. Flowers large, white ; seg-
ments acuminated.
Bahama Nightshade. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
§ 2. Racemes, cymes, or corytnbs, lateral, rameal, not axillary
7ior ojjposiie the leaves.
107 S. va'gum (Heyne, ex Wall. cat. no. 2624. Nees, in
Lin. trans. 1 7. p. 48.) shrubby ; leaves ovate-oblong, repandly
sinuated, clothed with powdery tomentum beneath while young,
as well as the young branches ; cymes lateral, bifid ; calycine
segments long-acuminated; berries small, globose. H, S.
Native of the East Indies. S. corymbosum, Wight, herb.
This is a very distinct sjiecies, nearly allied to S. longifolium,
and S. Bomhcnse, or pubiger urn, Dun. ; but diifers in the leaves
being repandly angular ; from the first it differs in the flowers
being smaller, and white ; and from the last in the calycine seg-
ments being long-acuminated.
Common Nightshade. Shrub.
108 S. lu'teo-a'lbum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 221. Dun. sol.
168. syn. p. 18.) stem shrubby ; leaves ovate, acute, downy on
both surfaces ; racemes cymose, lateral; flowers secund. Ij •
S. Native of Peru, in groves at Cuchero. S. pubescens,
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. .-36. t. 169. f. b. Corolla pale yel-
low. Berry globose, shining, orange-coloured, size of a cherry.
Habit of S. pubescens ; but differs in the flowers being cymosely
branched, less umbellate, and not opposite the leaves. Calycine
segments deflexed, acute.
Yellow-mhite-Rowered Nightshade. Shrub.
109 S. chlora'nthum (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 682.) leaves ob-
long, attenuated at the base, shining above, and quite glabrous,
but clothed with stellate tomentum beneath ; peduncles sub-um-
bellate ; corollas minute, green ; calyx S-parted. V; ■ S. Na-
tive of Brazil.
Green-Jlowered Nightshade. Shrub.
110 S. la'xum (Spreng. syst. l.p. 682.) leaves ovate, acute,
glabrous, veiny ; branches cirrhiferous, scandent ; peduncles
racemose, loose ; calyx 5-parted. f; . ^. S. Native of Monte
Video, Sello.
Loose Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
111 S. DicHOTOMUM (Lour. coch. 1. p. 160.) stem suffruti-
cose, pilose ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, quite entire, tomentose ;
peduncles dichotomous. Ij . G. Native of China. Dun. sol.
p. 167. syn. p. 18. Stem diffuse, branched. Berry small, glo-
bose, red.
For/ced-peduncled Nightshade. Shrub.
112 S. FiLiFORME (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 31. t. 159.)
stem suffruticose ; leaves ovate and cordate, obtuse, pubescent ;
peduncles filiform, bifid, subumbellate. Ij . S. Native of
Peru, on hills at Lomas de Atiquipa. Dun. sol. 171. syn. p.
18. Habit of Salvia. Stem granular. Flowers drooping.
Corolla pale blue, thrice as large as the calyx.
/■(Vi/orwi-peduncled Nightshade. Shrub.
113 S. vi'ride (R. Br. prod. p. 445.) suffruticose; leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, entire, flat, membranous, glabrous ; ra-
cemes corymbose, simple or bipartite ; calyx and corolla 5-
cleft. I7 . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on
the sea shore. Perhaps the same as S. viride. Forst. pi. escul.
p. 42. Spreng. roant. 1. p. 37.
Green Nightshade. Shrub.
114 S. SERi'cEUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 33. t. 161. f.
b. Dun. sol. p. 181. syn. p. 19.) stem shrubby; branches
slender ; leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, silky, quite entire; pe-
duncles 2-flowered, or few-flowered, cymose. h . S. Native
of Peru, at Huassen-huassi, in woods. Branches silky. Leaves
hoary. Corolla bluish-violet, silky outside. Berry red. Ruiz,
et Pav. say that this species agrees with S. eleagnifolium, and
probably, like it, prickly at the base.
Silky Nightshade. Shrub 4| feet.
115 S. LiNKiANUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 601.) stem
shrubby, much branched ; branches twiggy, thickish, strigose ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, strigose on both surfaces, somewhat re-
pand ; peduncles 2-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. S.
diffiisum. Link, herb. Leaves I5 inch long, and ^ an inch
broad. Peduncles extra-foliaceous, nearly an inch long, de-
flexed. Calyx 5-parted, hairy, with lanceolate segments. Berry
glabrous, size of a pea.
Link's Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 3. Racemes opposite the leaves, or almost so, tomentose,
downy, or clothed with leprous-like silvery, powdery down.
116 S. nVtans (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 34. t. 166. f. a.)
shrubby ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated, woolly beneath ;
racemes very short, opposite the leaves, cymose, recurved,
many-flov\ered ; flowers secund, drooping. 1;' . S. Native of
Peru, in waste places on the road to Pillao, where it is called
Chuculate by the natives. Dun. sol. p. 167. syn. p. 19. Slirub
rusty ; branches granular. Leaves quite entire, granular above,
and nearly glabrous. Corollas small, white. Calyx woolly.
Berry yellow, globose.
Z)roo^)M!^-flowered Nightshade. Shrub.
1 1 7 S. VENosuM (Dun. syn. p. 19. sol. ed. 2d. t. 105. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 32.) arborescent ; branches
floccosely pilose ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, acute
at the base, quite entire, rather pilose above, and hairy beneath;
corymbs opposite the leaves. Tj . S. Native of New Granada,
on the Andes of Quindiu. Leaves floccose on the midrib be-
neath, 5 or 5^ inches long; petioles floccose. Caly.x small, with
roundish segments. Berry nearly globose, size of a sloe.
Veiny-\ett\eA Nightshade. Shrub or Tree.
118 S. SwARTZiA~NUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 602.)
shrubby ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, coria-
ceous, glabrous, clothed with stellate hairs, beset with orbicular,
golden-yellow scales beneath ; racemes solitary, terminal. y^ .
S. Native of Brazil, near Villa Ricca. S. aiireum, Swartz, in
litt. Branches terete, beset with rusty scales. Racemes 5-
flowered ; pedicels deflexed, scaly. Calyx pentagonal, scaly
outside. Corolla beset with scales outside, dark purple inside,
with acuminated segments. Anthers purple.
Swartz's Nightshade. Shrub.
119 S. GNAPHALioi DEs (Pers. ench. 1. p. 223.) stem shrubby ;
leaves lanceolate, repand, glabrous, shining; umbels opposite
the leaves, tomentose ; berries droo]>ing. h . S. Native of
Peru, in shady places at Tarma ; and in hedges about Aca-
bamba, where it is called Nununya by the natives. Dun. sol.
p. 173. syn. p. 19. S. calygnaphalium, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2.
p. 31. The calyxes being clothed with tomentum, the plant has
much the appearance of a species of Gnaphalium. Corollas vio-
laceous. Berries dark red, saponaceous, size of a filbert.
SOLANACEjE. I. SOLANUM.
417
Gnaplialium-lilce Niglitshade. Shrub 10 to 12 feet,
I'^O S. Vellozia'nl'm (Dun. sol. 236. etl. 2d. ined. t. 37.
syn. p. 19.) branches leprosely tomentose, rufescent ; leaves
large, oblong-lanceolate, leprously tomentose beneath, but quite
glabrous above ; racemes short, almost opposite the leaves, mul-
tifid, cyniose. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Vand. spec. fl. bras,
p. 13. and in Roem. script, hisp. p. 86. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 754.
Leaves petiolate, a foot long, dark green above, and rufescent
beneath, like the racemes. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, with obtuse
segments. Corolla small, deeply 5-cleft. Style villous.
/"e/Zo^i's Nightshade. Shrub.
121 S. arge'nteum (Dun. syn. p. 19. sol. ed. 2d. t. 39.)
branches leprously silvery ; leaves ovate-oblong, shining on both
surfaces, leprously silvery beneath, but green and glabrous
above : they are twin on the primary branches, and solitary on
the secondary ones. >j . S. Native about Rio Janeiro. Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 755. Peduncles twin or tern, very short, 1 -flow-
ered, silvery, like the calyxes and outside of the corolla.
Flowers small. Calyx S-toothed. Segments of corolla oblong,
acute.
Silvery Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
§ 4. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves glabrous, rarely pilose
in (he axils of the nerves. Racemes simple, cymose, cy-
mosely umbellate, opposite the leaves. Corolla somewliat 5-
cleft.
122 S. urceola'tuji (Pers. ench. 1. p. 223. Dun. sol. p.
171. syn. p. 20.) stem shrubby; leaves oblong, acuminated,
undulately repand ; peduncles opposite the leaves, few-flowered,
very short. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in woods at Vitoc. S.
oppositifolium, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 35. t. 168. f. a.
Shrub glabrous. Leaves shining above. Peduncles 2-4-flower-
ed. Calyx 5-toothed, in the floriferous state small, but large
in the fructiferous state. Corolla 5-cleft, with hooked seg-
ments.
C/reeo/a<e-calyxed Nightshade. Shrub 6 feet.
123 S. La;viGA'TUM (Dun. syn. p. 20. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 106.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 32.) shrubby ; branches and
leaves glabrous, but pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ;
leaves on short petioles, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, cuneated at
the base, quite entire ; umbels opposite the leaves ; peduncu-
late, few-flowered. I^ . S, Native of New Granada, near
Fusagasuga. Leaves 4| inches long, and 2 broad. Calyx 5-
cleft, puberulous, with short, ovate, acutish segments. Allied
to .S'. triste, ex Kunth.
Smooth Nightshade. Shrub 4 to 6 feet ?
124 S. obova'tum (Dun. syn. p. 21. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 112.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 35.) arboreous ; branchlets an-
gular, clothed with fuscous tomentum ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated, somewhat cuneated at the base, quite entire, gla-
brous, but pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; flowers op-
posite the leaves, umbellate, polygamous. \ . S. Native of
Peru, on the Andes of Quito, near Cuenca. Branches terete,
glabrous. Leaves petiolate, 3 or 3\ inches long. Umbels ses-
sile, many-flowered ; and in each umbel there are 3-4 fertile
flowers, which stand on long pedicels ; the rest are small and
abortive, and stand on short pedicels. Pedicels and calyxes
clothed with fuscous tomentum. Calyx 5-lobed : lobes blunt-
ish, unequal. Corolla smoothish, white? segments of the limb
linear-oblong, acute, equal, mucronately tubercled under the
apex.
Oftouate-leaved Nightshade. Tree.
§ 5. Racemes or cymes axillary, solitary or twin.
125 S. incu'rvum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p, 34. t. 164. f.
b. Dun. sol. p. 171. syn. p. 21.) pubescent; stem angular,
herbaceous ; leaves ovate, acmninated ; racemes twin, one
shorter than the other ; pedicels incurved, secund. 1/ . ? S.
Native of Peru, in woods at Munna. S. reciirvum, Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 755. Stem thickened at the nodi, glabrous; the
rest downy. Pedicels cymose, violaceous. Calyx campanulate,
deeply 5-toothed. Corolla whitish-violet, 5-parted.
/jjcMrcerf-pedicelled Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
126 S. a'nceps (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 36. t. 169. f. a.
Dun. sol. 171. syn. p. 21.) stem herbaceous; leaves oblong-
lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, very short, 2 or 3 together ; ber-
ries conical, 2-edged. 1{..?S. Native of Peru, in woods at
Cuchero. Leaves quite entire, downy. Calyx and corolla 5-
parted. Peduncles cymose. Flowers secund, small, green.
Berry whitish, many-angled towards the top.
Trvo-edged-hsxx'wA Nightshade. PI. 3 feet.
127 S. Bassovia (Rich. herb. ined. Dun. syn. p. 22.) stem
shrubby ; leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, gla-
brous ; cymes small, axillary, solitary. \ . S. Native of Gui-
ana, in woods, Richard. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 754. no. 132. S.
rugosum. Rich. herb. Bass6via sylvatica, Aubl. guian. p. 217.
t. 85. Lam. ill. t. 102. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1065. Leaves
large, petiolate, shining ; nerves rough above. Cymes shorter
than the leaves. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth obtuse. Corolla
pubescent, greenish ; anthers yellow. Berry conical, somewhat
compressed, wrinkled, greenish-white. This differs from its
nearest ally, .S'. anceps, in the stem being shrubby, and the
cymes being solitary.
Bassovia Nightshade. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
§ 6. Peduncles axillary, 1 -Jlowered, solitary, twin, or many
together.
128 S. BREVIFOLIUM (Duu. syn. p. 22. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
113. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 36.) suffruticose, scan-
dent ; branches and leaves glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, ob-
soletely cordate; peduncles almost opposite the leaves, 1 -flow-
ered, solitary. J; . ^. S. Native of Quito, near the town of
Ibarra, climbing on trees. Stems radicant ; branches rather
angular. Leaves 9-10 lines long, furnished with a small twin
or solitary leaf in the axils. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla pale
violet ; segments lanceolate. Berries globose, red, size of those
of S. nigrum ; Fructiferous calyx 5-cleft. Perhaps a species of
Wither ingia.
Short-leaved Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
129 S. Havane'nse (Jacq. amer. p. 49. t. 35. ed. pict. t.
48. Dun. sol. 147. syn. p. 22.) shrubby ; branches angular,
and are, as well as the leaves, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, shining, quite entire, narrowed at the base, rather
coriaceous; peduncles sub-axillary, 1-flowered, solitary; berries
oval. fj . S. Native of Martinico, Jamaica, Peru, in shady
parts of woods by the sea side ; and of Cuba, near Havana,
Regla, and Guanavacoa. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 36.
Swartz, obs. 82. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. S9. Leaves
sometimes twin, but very seldom, 2^ inches long. Corollas
blue, an inch in diameter ; segments broad, short, emarginate.
Berry ovate, deep blue, shining, ex Jacq. ; globose, red, ex
Kunth. Peduncles 2-3-flowered, ex Jacq. ; 1 -flowered, ex
Kunth. Calyx 5-parted.
//avana Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub 5
to 8 feet.
3 H
418
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
130 S. Montevide'nse (Spreng. sj'st. 1. p. 684.) leaves ob-
long, attenuated at the base, sub-repand, scabrous on both sur-
faces ; branches powdery ; peduncles erect, 1 -flowered. Tj . S.
Native of Monte Video.
Monte Video Nightshade. Shrub.
131 S. coria'ceum (Hook. hot. mag. 2703.) shrubby, gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, coriaceous, shining, entire,
rather veiny ; peduncles terminal and axillary, generally 1-flow-
ered ; corolla 5-lobed : lobes blunt, and plicae niucronate, and
longer than the lobes ; calyx 4-5-parted. Pj . G. Native of
Mexico. Corollas bluish-purple ; anthers yellow beyond the
throat.
CoWaceoui-leaved Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
SuBSECT. IV. Gemina'ta (from geminiis, twin ; in reference to
the leaves being twin.) Leaves quite entire, twin, and some-
times solitary on the same branch, rarely aggregate. Calyx 5-
paried. Stamens equal.
§ 1. Peduncles axillary, \-Jlowered, solitary, twin, or
aggregate.
132 S. conoca'rpum (Rich. herb. Dun. syn. p. 22. sol. ed.
2d. ined. t. 30.) stem shrubby ; leaves twin or tern, unequal,
entire, obtuse, nearly sessile; peduncles solitary or twin, 1-
tlowered ; berries oval, very acute. ^ . S. Native of the
Island of St. John, Richard. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 748. Habit of
a species of Cestrum. Branches wrinkled, yellowish. Leaves
coriaceous, obovate or elliptic. Calycine segments ovate. Co-
rolla blue, deeply 5-parted. Berry twice the size of a cherry,
edible. Very nearly allied to S. Havanense ; and perhaps only
differs in the colour of the berry, which is blue in S. Ha-
vanense,
Cone-fruited Nightshade. Shrub.
133 S. membrana'ceum (Wall. cat. no. 2625, A. B. Nees,
in Lin. trans. 17. p. 41.) stem herbaceous, dichotomous ; leaves
twin, ovate and oblong, acuminated at both ends, oblique at the
base, unequal, hairy above ; flowers usually twin, axillary ;
calyx 5-toothed : teeth subulate. !(:.? ©. S. Native of the
Neelgherry Mountains, Noton, along with S. higeminatum.
Memhranous-\es.\eA Nightshade. PI.
134 S. La;'vE (Dim. syn. p. 22. sol. ed. 2d. t. 36.) plant
herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves twin, one much smaller than the
other, ovate, acute at both ends, acuminated, entire; peduncles
usually twin, axillary ; calyx 5-toothed : teeth subulate. 1/ . S.
Native of the East Indies. S. membranaceum. Wall. cat. no.
2625. B. Pedimcles short. Calyx coriaceous, with 5 linear
teeth. Berry globose. Seeds subtriangular, dotted.
Sleek Nightshade. Shrub.
135 S. aggrega'tum (J acq. coll. 4. p. 124. icon. rar. t. 323.)
stem shrubby ; leaves somewhat ovate, obtuse, aggregate ; pe-
duncles 1 -flowered, slender, many from the same bud, interfoli-
aceous ; corollas carapanulate. F; . S. Native of Africa, on
the sea shore ; in Guinea ; and at the Cape of Good Hope.
Dun. sol. p. 146. syn. p. 22. Lam. ill. no. 2320. S. Gui-
nee'nse, Lin. spec. p. 263. S. sempervirens. Mill. diet. no. 25.
Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 185. Saracha Guinee'nsis, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 219. A'tropa solanacea, Lin. mant. 205. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1018. Vogel. icon. rar. t. 16. ex Lam. I. c. — Commel. hort.
2. p. 191. t. 96. Shrub glabrous. Leaves many from the same
bud, quite entire, petiolate, shining, an inch long. Fructiferous
pedicels drooping ; all length of leaves. Corolla pale purplish-
violet, an incli in diameter, with lanceolate segments. Berries
globose, yellow, shining, 2-celIed, size of peas.
Aggregate-\esMGdL Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
136 S. HYGRo'pHiLUM (Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p. 254.)
shrubby ; branches villous ; leaves twin, on short petioles, lan-
ceolate, yellowish-green, acute at both ends, pilose above, and
rather villous beneath ; flowers forming umbels, on very short
peduncles, opposite the leaves, few-flowered ; teeth of calyx
broad-ovate, acute ; corollas white, 5-cleft, at length reflexed,
pilose outside ; berries globose, glabrous. ^ . G. Native of
Mexico, in humid woods about Jalapa. Corolla white. Sta-
mens regular. Leaves unequal in size, larger one 3| inches
long, and \\ broad.
Water-loving Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 2. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves glabrous, but sometimes
pilose in the axils of the veins beneath. Racemes simple,
cymose, or cymosely umbellate, opposite the leaves. Corollas
5-parted.
137 S. nuWm (Dun. syn. p. 20. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 107.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 33.) shrubby ; branches
and leaves glabrous ; leaves twin, one much smaller than tlie
other, elliptic oblong, acuminated at both ends, quite entire ;
umbels nearly opposite the leaves, on short peduncles, few-flow-
ered ; pedicels at length reflexed. Ij . G. Native of Mexico,
near Jalapa, in humid places. Leaves 3 or 3i inches long, and
about 1| broad. Corolla white, size of those of S. nigrum.
Berry globose, glabrous, size of a large pea. Very like S. di-
phyllum ; and hardly differs from it, unless in the leaves being
all acute, deeper green : and in the pedicels being deflexed.
Naked Nightshade. Shrub.
138 .S. diphy'lldm (Lin. spec. 264. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 215.)
stem shrubby ; leaves twin : the larger one oblong, attenuated
at both ends, obtuse ; the smaller one obovate-elliptic, some-
times emarginate ; cymes small ; umbels short, opposite the
leaves ; floriferous pedicels drooping, fructiferous ones erect.
ij. S. Native of tropical America. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 231. icon,
rar. 2. t. 322. Dun. sol. p. 172. syn. p. 20. — Pluck, aim. p.
349. phyt. t. 111. f. 4. An evergreen, fetid shrub. Stem
blackish, terete. Leaves nearly sessile. The larger leaf 2 to
4 inches long. Corolla white, with lanceolate, acute segments.
Berries globose, succulent, pale orange-coloured, size of a chick
pea.
Two- /eauerf Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1696. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
139 S. ARBOREUM (Dun. syn. p. 20. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 198.)
arboreous ; branches flexuous, and are, as well as the leaves,
glabrous ; leaves twin, oblong, acuminated, cuneated at the
base, quite entire, one of which is very small, and nearly sessile ;
cymes small, opposite the leaves. ij . S. Native of the pro-
vince of New Andalusia, near Cumanacoa. Branches angular,
glabrous, or a little downy. Leaves shining above, 7-8 inches
long, and 3 broad : upper ones twin, the smaller one roundish,
ovate, an inch long. Cymes very minute, simple. Calyx 5-
toothed ; teeth ovate, acute. Corolla white, with oblong, acute
segments, 6 times as long as the calyx.
Tree Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Tree 40
feet.
140 S. acumina'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 34. t. 159.
f. a. Dun. sol. 1 72. syn. p. 20.) shrubby ; leaves twin, ovate-
oblong, and elliptic, acuminated : the point straight or twisted ;
racemes cymose, opposite the leaves, many-flowered ; flowers
secund. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in woods at Chincao. Plant
glabrous. Leaves on short petioles, quite entire, shining above.
Racemes recurved at apex ; pedicels slender, but thickened
SOLANACE,^. I. SoLANUj
419
at top. Corollas small, white. Berry black, globose, size of a
chick pea.
Acuminated-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
141 S. f(e'tidum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 34. t. 165. f. b.
Dun. sol. p. 1 73. syii. p. ^0.) stem shrubby ; leaves usually
twin, ovate, dependent ; cymes short, umbellate, drooping,
opposite the leaves. H . S. Native of Peru, about Tarma, in
the fissures of rocks, and in waste places. Plant glabrous, very
fetid when bruised. Leaves veiny beneath. Corolla whitish
blue, or pale blue; anthers declinate. Berry golden yellow,
size of a small walnut. The leaves mixed with the flowers of
Samhiicus are used for bathing ulcers in Peru.
Fetid Nightshade. Shrub 6 feet.
142 S. TRisTE (Jacq. amcr. p. 50. t. 40. ed. pict. t. 49.) stem
shrubby ; leaves twin, lanceolate-oblong, somewhat repand,
acuminated ; cymes short : flowers secund. fj . S. Native of
Martinico, among bushes on the banks of rivers ; and of Peru,
in woods at Pillao. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 38. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1031. Dun. sol. p. 170. syn. p. 21. S. oblongum, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 34. t. 165. f. 6. Dun. sol. p. 172. Leaves
petiolate, a hand long, dark green. Peduncles lateral, an inch
long, many-flowered. Corollas small, white, ex Jacq., whitish
violet, ex Ruiz et Pav. with lanceolate segments. Berry glo-
bose, dusky yellow, size of a chick pea. Calyx 5-toothed, ex
Ruiz, et Pav. Calycine segments roundish, ex Jacq.
Sorrowful Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
8 feet.
143 S. spirVle (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 247. Wall. cat. no.
2619.) stem shrubby ; branches corapressedly angular, glabrous ;
leaves twin, the one 2 or 3 times smaller than the other, obiong-
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, glabrous, quite entire ; ra-
cemes sub-cymose, almost opposite the leaves, secund, revolute
at apex ; calyx beset with glandular dots. Tq • S- Native of
Silhet, and Gualpara. S. Naratida, Hamilt. herb. This species
is nearly related to <S'. Ir'iste, Jacq. but differs from it in the
branches being angular ; in the leaves being cuneated a long
way at the base, acute, not acuminated, always entire ; in the
flowers being larger and white ; and in the calyxes being glan-
dular. Though rather fetid this species is still ornamental, on
account of its smooth deep green foliage, spiral racemes of pretty
white flowers, and numerous small round yellow berries.
Spiral Nightshade. Shrub.
144 S. coRNiFOLiuM (Dun. syn. p. 21. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
110. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, amer. 3. p. 34.) shrubby;
branches and leaves glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acumi-
nated, acute at the base, quite entire, somewhat parallelly veined,
twin, one of which is very minute ; umbels opposite the leaves,
on short peduncles. (^ . S. Native of New Granada, in the
valley of the river Cauca, betwixt Palace and Popayan. Branches
angular. Larger leaves about 3 inches long, downy when
young : the smaller ones obovate, almost sessile. Calycine
segments obtuse. Corollas white, size of those of Lysima-
chia vulgaris, with ovate, acuminated segments. Ovarium
villous.
Dogwood-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
145 S. leucoca'rpom (Rich. herb. Dun. syn. p. 21. sol. ed.
2d. ined. t. 38.) branches twiggy; leaves twin, one 3 times
smaller than the other, nearly orbicular, the other elliptic-lance-
olate ; cymes unilateral, few-flowered, opposite the leaves. ^ .
S. Native of the Island of St. Martha, Richard. Nearly
allied to S. triste, but differs particularly in the leaves, in the
unilateral cymes, and colour of the berries. Shrub glabrous.
Branches terete. Leaves shining on both surfaces. Calyx cori-
aceous, small, 5-crenate. Corolla white, rather large, with
acute segments. Berry spherical, shining, white.
White-fruited Nightshade. Shrub.
146 S. psYciioTRioiDEs (Dun. syn. p. 21. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
111. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 35.) arboreous;
branches glabrous, suberosely warted, angular ; leaves twin,
lanceolate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the
base, quite entire, glabrous, but pilose in the axils of the veins
beneatli ; umbels opposite the leaves, nearly sessile. Pj . S.
Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena
near Mompox, and Teneriffe. Larger leaves 3-4 inches Ion".
One of the leaves smaller than the other. Umbels 3-4-flovv-
ered. Flowers size and structure of those of S. cornifolium.
Fructiferous pedicels thickened at top, suberose.
Psychotria-like Nightshade. Shrub or tree.
§ 3. Racemes lateral, rameal, not axillary, nor ojiposite the
leaves.
147 S. cROTONiFoLiuM (Duu. syn. p. 18. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
103. f. b. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 30.) shrubby;
branches tomentose ; leaves twin, oblong, narrow-acuminated,
rounded and unequal at the base, somewhat repand, clothed
with canescent down above, and soft white tomentum beneath ;
racemes supra-axillary, bifid ; flowers unilateral. Pj . S. Native
of New Granada, near the port of Carthagena, in hot places.
Hairs stellate. One of the leaves is twice the size of the other,
the largest 4-5 inches long. Calyx and corolla tomentose out-
side ; segments of the latter linear-lanceolate. Berry globose,
smoothish, size of a pea.
Croton-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
148 S. Nare'nse (Dun. syn. p. 18. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 103.
f. S. H, B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 31.) shrubby; branches
tomentose ; leaves twin, ovate, acute, cordate at the base, and
unequal, clothed with canescent down above, and with white soft
tomentum lieneath ; lower leaves sinuately angular ; racemes
lateral, bifid ; flowers unilateral. T; . S. Native of New Gra-
nada, in shady places on the banks of the river Magdalena,
between Nares and Honda. Tomentum and down stellate.
One of the leaves smaller than the other, petiolate. Larger
leaves 7-8 inches long, and 5-6 broad. Flowers size of those
of the preceding, pale yellow, ex Bonpl. Very like the pre-
ceding species, and only differs in the tomentum being more
dense, in the leaves being broader and cordate, and in the lower
ones being sinuately angular.
Nares Nightshade. Fl. June. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
149 S. trachyphy'llum (Dun. syn. p. 18. sol. ed. 2d. ined.
t. 104.) shrubby ; branches tomentose ; leaves twin, oblong,
acuminated, rounded at the base and unequal, quite entire,
roughish above, but clothed with soft hoary tomentum beneath ;
racemes lateral, dichotomous ; flowers unilateral. ^ . S. Native
of the province of Popayan, between Buga and Carthage.
Branches terete. One of the leaves smaller than the other.
Tomentum and down stellate. Larger leaves 5-6 inches long,
and 2 or 2| broad. Flowers like those of S. crotonifulium, but
a little smaller. Very nearly allied to S. crotonifblium, but the
tomentum is more dense ; the leaves green and roughish above,
and the flowers a little smaller.
Rough-leaved Nightshade. Shrub 6 to 10 feet?
150 S. tetra'ndrum (R. Br. prod. p. 445.) suffruticose,
erect ; leaves generally twin, oblong-ovate, entire, membranous,
beset with a few scattered hairs ; racemes corymbose, simple ;
flowers quadrifid. I; . S. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic, on the sea-shore. Dun. syn. p. 18. no. 98.
Tetrandrous-RowereiS. Nightshade. Shrub.
151 S. geminifolium (Schlecht, et Cham, in Linnaea, 5. p.
112.) shrubby; branches, inflorescence, and under sides of
420
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
leaves clothed with cream-coloured tomentum ; upper surfaces
of leaves green, but beset with stellate hairs ; leaves twin,
unequal in size, obovate, obtuse : the larger one ovate, acumi-
nated, rounded at the base, 2| inches long ; cymes terminal and
lateral, pedunculate, many-flowered ; calyx suburceolate, 5-
toothed : teeth rounded ; berry globose. f? . G. Native of
Mexico, at Jalapa. Flowers hardly larger than those of S.
nigrum.
Twin-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 4. Racemes terminal.
152 S. PTEROPODUM (Dun. syn. p. 14. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
94. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 26.) stem herbace-
ous, winged ; leaves twin, sessile, decurrent, elliptic-oblong,
sub-acuminated, very narrow at the base, undulately repand,
smoothish above, but clothed with fine powdery down beneath ;
corymbs opposite tlie leaves, dichotomous ; peduncles winged.
•2^ . ? S. Native of South America, near the city of Quito, at the
altitude of 1500 hexapods. Leaves 8-10 inches long, and 3\
broad. Peduncles many-flowered, one-half shorter than the
leaves ; branches and pedicels clothed with powdery down.
Calvcine lobes truncate, mucronate. Corolla white, with oblong
acute segments. Ovarium glabrous, nearly globose. Said to
be nearly allied to S. sessile.
JFing-pcduncled Nightshade. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
153 S. oBLONGiFOLiuM (Dun. syn. p. 14. sol. ed. 2d. t. 95.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 27.) herbaceous ; leaves
twin, elliptic-oblong, acute, narrowed at the base, almost quite
entire, glabrous, downy on the veins beneath ; racemes neaidy
terminal, bifid. 1/ . S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes
of Quindiu. Branches terete, glabrous. One of the leaves
one-half smaller than the other, green above ; larger ones 6-7
inches long, and 2^ to 3 inches broad : the smaller ones nearly
orbicular. Pedicels thickened under the top, and are, as well
as the branches, villous. Calycine segments obtuse. Corolla
white, glabrous ; with ovate, obtuse segments.
Oblong-leaved Nightshade. Pi.?
154 S. PULCHRUM (Dun. syn. p. 15. sol. ed. 2. ined. t. 35.)
stem shrubby ; branches rugose ; leaves oblong-ovate, ending
in the petioles ; racemes large, terminal, sub-dichotomous. Ij .
S. Native of Brazil. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 750. Branches
terete, glabrous. Leaves usually twin, acute, or obtuse, rather
downy beneath. Pedicels cymose. Segments of corolla lance-
olate, acute. Berry globose. Nearly allied to S. cr'isimm, but
the leaves are less cordate, and the racemes are larger.
Fair Nightshade. Shrub.
SuBSECT. 4. Branches spinescent. Leaves solitary, entire. Pe-
duncles axillary, filiform, \-flowered, solitary, or aggregate.
Calyx 5-toothed, or 5-cleft. Stamens unequal. Seeds bony.
155 S. lycioi'des (Lin. mant. 45. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 4G.)
shrubby; branches spinescent, numerous; leaves elliptic, or
oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base, or acute at both ends,
glabrous, or hairy; peduncles extra-axillary, solitary, 1-flow-
ered. ^. S. Native of Peru. Dun. sol. p. 172. syn. p. 22.
Branches terete, glabrous ; branchlets angular, hairy. Leaves
7-8 lines long. Pedicels solitary. Calyx urceolate, truncate,
5-toothed ; teeth linear, subulate, remote. Corolla pale violet ;
limb angularly 5-lobed ; throat yellow. Anthers yellow, a
little arched. Berry globose, glabrous, red, size of a pea.
Var. (i ; leaves hairy. Ij . S. S. lycioides, var. /J, Dun.
syn. p. 23. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.
Z?/ciM??i-^i^(? Nightshade. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1791. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
156 S. candiVans (Dun. syn. p. 23.) shrubby ; branches
spinescent ; leaves obovate-cuneiform, obtuse, clothed with
white tomentum beneath, but scabrous above ; peduncles fili-
form, I -flowered, solitary. ? tj . S. Native of Peru, on argil-
laceous rocks of Huanuco and Tarma. S. lycioides, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 41. t. 177. f. 6, exclusive of the synonymes,
but not of Lin. S. lycioides * tomentosum. Dun. sol. p. 174.
Stem much branched ; branches ending in floriferous leafy
spines. Calycine segments appendiculate. Corolla blue, with
a yellowish bottom. Anthers free. Berry globose, of a red-
dish copper colour.
Wlntish-\ea.\ei!L Nightshade. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
SuBSECT. V. HoLOCLA^iNA (from bXoQ, holos, entire ; and
X^aD'a, c/i/ama, an outer cloak; in reference to the entire calyx.)
Leaves quite entire, solitary, or twin. Calyx truncate, entire.
Flowers twin, or fascicled at the sides of the leaves.
157 S. bigemina'tum (Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 42.) stem
suffruticose ; lower leaves solitary : superior ones twin, densely
clothed with bristles above, elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both
ends, unequal in size ; flowers usually twin at the sides of the
leaves ; calyx quite entire, smooth ; peduncles erect while bear-
ing the fruit. Ij . S. Native of Travancore. S. flexuosum,
and S. angulosura. Herb. madr. Fruit size of a pea, seated on
an erect, thick peduncle.
Twice-twin-&o\\cve(\. Nightshade. Shrub.
158 S. Neesia'num (Wall. cat. suppl. 248. Nees in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 42.) stem suffruticose; branches tetragonal, rough-
ish towards the sunmiit ; lower leaves solitary ; superior ones
twin, scabrous above from rough dots, oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated at both ends, unequal in size ; flowers fascicled at the
sides of the leaves ; calyx quite entire, smooth ; peduncles
spreading in the fruit-bearing state. fj . S. Native of the
mountains of Silliet. Corolla white, glabrous ; segments lance-
olate. Berry round, smaller than a pea.
Nees's Nightshade. Shrub.
159 S. Blu'mii (Nees in Blum, bijdr. 696, in Lin. trans. 17.
p. 45.) leaves twin, of two forms, smaller one ovate, clothed
with dense bristles on the upper surface ; stem violaceous ;
flowers many in a fascicle, fj . S. Native of Java. Calyx
quite entire.
Blume's Nightshade. Shrub.
160 S. parasi'ticum (Blum, bijdr. p. 697.) stem nodose;
leaves all solitary, glabrous ; calyx entire. ^ . S. Native
of Java.
Parasitical Nightshade. Shrub,
SuBSECT. VL Poly'meris (from iroXvg, polys, many; aixl /Litpic,
meris, a part ; the divisions of the calyx are numerous.)
Leaves quite entire, solitary, or twin. Calyx 10-toolhed, or 10-
cleft. Peduncles l-fowered, axillary, or interfoliaceous.
§ 1. Leaves twin. Corolla plicate, b-angled. Stamens sometimes
unequal.
161 S. UNIFLORUM (Dun. syn. p. 33. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 42.)
stem dichotomous ; branches glabrous, rough from dots ; leaves
usually twin, ovate, bluntish, glabrous, and shining above, but
clothed with leprous tomentum beneath ; peduncles solitary.
\ ■ S. Native of St. Domingo. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 757. S.
dichotomura, Richard. Shrub elegant ; branches brown, angu-
SOLANACEiE. I. Solakum.
421
lar. Peduncles glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 10-eleft ; the alter-
nate segments smaller. Corolla with a 5-rayed star. Stamens
equal. Berry globose, mucronate, size of a small cherry.
0«e-^o»i)ererf Nightshade. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
1G2 S. mona'nthum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 608.)
leaves usually twin, almost sessile, elliptic ; peduncles axillary,
1 -flowered; calyx 10-cleft. X- S. Native of New Spain.
S. uniflorum. Lag. gen. et. spec. nov. p. 10. no. 142. Herba-
ceous, roughish from scattered, short, stellate hairs. Corolla
dark purple, or blue, 3 times as long as the calyx. Calycine
segments oblique, short. Berry ovate, quite smooth, size of a
small hen's egg.
OHe-/owereiZ Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI.
2 to 3 feet ?
163 S. spEciosuM (Dun. sol. p. 179. syn. p. 23.) arboreous ;
branches flexuous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, solitary, or twin ;
peduncles solitary, axillary ; margins of corolla crenulated. I; .
S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. — Burm. amer. p. 242. t.
245. f. 5. — Plum. cat. p. 4. Tourn. inst. p. 150. Leaves veiny :
superior ones twin. Flowers showy. Corolla large, expanded,
semiquinquefid, rather pentagonal. Berry spherical, erect, droop-
ing at maturity.
Shony Nightshade. Tree.
164 S. negle'ctum (Dun. sol. p. 177. syn. p. 23.) stem
shrubby ; leaves ovate, undulated ; peduncles solitary and twin ;
calycine segments reflexed. fj , S. Native of the West India
Islands. — Burm. amer. p. 242. t. 245. f. 4. — Plum. mss. vol. 4.
f. 34. ex Aubl. guian. 1. p. 217. — Tourn. inst. p. 150. Much
branched. Leaves quite entire. Lower peduncles solitary :
upper ones twin, or tern. Calyx denticulated, according to the
figure 10-16-toothed. Berry roundish, scarlet. This species
is nearly allied to S. gemincitum, but differs in the stem not
climbing, and in the more numerous retroflexed calycine teeth.
Neglected 'Nighishade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub
4 to 5 feet ?
165 S. TRICOLOR (Moc. et Sesse. pi. mex. icon. ined. Dun.
syn. p. 24. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 41. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 756.)
stem terete, dichotomous ; leaves twin, one of them smaller
than the other, ovate, acutish, clothed with shining tomentuni ;
peduncles 4, together ; anthers 5, one of which is twice as long
as the others. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Nearly allied to
S. lentum, but differs in there being 3 green spots at the base of
each segment of the corolla, and in the anthers being unequal,
&c. Stem woolly. Peduncles villous. Calyx 10-toothed.
Corolla white, somewhat reflexed, with a violaceous star in the
middle. Berry globose, red.
Tliree-coloured-Rowered Nightshade. Shrub.
166 S. PAUciFLORUM (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 21. Dun. sol. p.
176. syn. 24.) branches villous, tomentose above ; leaves ovate,
quite entire, glabrous above, tomentose beneath : rameal ones
twin, unequal ; peduncles twin, unequal. Ij . S. Native of
Martinico. Branches herbaceous, clothed with rusty tomen-
tuni, as well as the under sides of the young leaves. Leaves
2-3 inches long. Flowers drooping, clothed with rusty tomen-
tum. Calyx short, truncate, 10-toothed; teeth linear. Corolla
glabrous, length of peduncles.
Few-flowered Nightshade. PI. ?
167 S. sylva'ticum (Dun. syn. p. 24. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
114. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 37.) shrubby,
scandent ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, sub-
repand, glabrous, but hairy on the veins beneath : superior ones
twin, unequal ; flowers extra-axillary, usually by threes ; caly.K
lO-toothed: teeth subulate. fj . ^. S. Native near Cumana
and Bordones, in woods. Branchlets hairy. Leaves about 2
inches long Corolla large, pentagonal, marked by a 5-rayed
star. Stamens 5, one longer than the others. Berry globose,
glabrous, size of a sloe.
Wood Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
168 S. lysimachioi'des (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 257.
cat. no. 2609, Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 41.) herbaceous ;
stem creeping at the base, but ascending at the top, as well as
the branches; leaves usually twin, nearly equal, ovate, acute at
both ends, quite entire, pubescent ; flowers solitary, smoothish,
placed between the leaves ; calyxes 8-10-toothed : teeth subu-
late, equal in length to the fruit. 1/ . G. Native of Sheopore,
Chundragiri, and Chitlong. Corollas white. Berries globular,
size of a gooseberry, scarlet, or red.
Loostrife-Uke Nightshade. PI. creeping, 1 foot long.
169 S. retrofra'ctum (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 21. Dun. sol. 176.
t. 5. syn. p. 24.) stem shrubby, flexuous ; axillary branches
retrofracted ; leaves ovate, glabrous : upper ones twin, unequal ;
peduncles filiform, many together, umbellate, axillary and termi-
nal ; calyx truncate, toothless, glabrous. 1^ . S. Native of
tropical America. Shrub twining. ? Leaves petiolate, quite
entire, \h inch lon^. Calyx 10-cleft; segments linear, subulate,
unequal, joined by a pellucid membrane, whence it appears
toothless. Corolla as in S. virgatum, but smaller, 3 times
longer than the calyx. Stamens equal.
Retrofracted Nightshade. Shrub twining ?
170 S. GLANDULosuM (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 35. t. 167.
f. b. Dun. sol. p. 180. syn. p. 25.) stem suffruticose, scandent ;
leaves twin, ovate-cordate ; peduncles 3-5 together, interfolia-
ceous ; calycine teeth gland-formed, h • \j- S. Native of
Peru, in groves at Vitoc, in the province of Tarma. Leaves
on short petioles, very veiny, unequal at the base. Calyx
turbinate, angularly striated, usually 10, rarely 12-14-toothed.
Corolla white, spreading ; limb plicate. Berry globose, pale
red.
Glandular-toothed-calyxed Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
171 S. Cutace'nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
38.) shrubby, scandent ? ; branches clothed with downy tomen-
tuai ; leaves twin, ovate, sub-acuminated, quite entire, clothed
with silky hairs on both surfaces, canescent beneath ; flowers
extra. axillary, twin, or terminal, by threes; calyx 10-toothetl.
Ij . ^. S. Native of Peru, in woods near Ayavaca and Rio
Cutaco. Branchlets angular. Leaves petiolate, one a little
smaller than the other. Corolla sinuately 5-lobefl, white,
with a violaceous star, downy outside. Hairs simple, not
stellate.
Cutaco Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
172 S. ma'crodon (Wall. cat. no. 2621.) shrubby, erect;
lower leaves solitary : superior ones twin, the one 2 or 3 times
smaller than the other, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, quite entire, hairy above, as well as the branchlets ; flow-
ers solitary, or in fascicles placed between the leaves ; calyx
furrowed, 10-toothed : teeth subulate, longer than the fruit.
^ . S. Native of the Pundua mountains. Similar to S. dentitu-
liUum in habit, but differs in the teeth of the calyx being very
long.
JjOng-toothed-ca\yxed Nightshade. Shrub.
173 S. decemdenta'tum (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 247. Wall,
cat. no. 2614.) herbaceous, erect, perennial ; lower leaves soli-
tary : superior ones twin, ovate, acute at both ends, hairy, the
one smaller than the other ; flowers fasciculately aggregate at
the sides of the leaves ; calyx 10-toothed, and is, as well as the
pedicels, glabrous : teeth linear-subulate, equal. ©. G. Native
of China and Singapore. Berries the size of a pea, smooth,
bright red when ripe.
Ten-toothed Nightshade. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
422
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
174 S. crassipe'talum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 256.
cat. no. 2618. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 42.) shrubby ; lower
leaves solitary : superior ones twin, ovate-oblong, acuminated at
both ends, ciliated, hairy above, one smaller than the other ;
flowers fasciculately aggregate at the sides of the leaves ; calyx
somewhat 10-toothed ; teeth subulate : alternate ones shorter.
Tt . G. Native of Nipaul. S. denticulatum, var. a, Blum,
bijdr. p. 697. S. biflorum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 96, ex-
clusive of many synonymes, and probably of Lour. coch. 1. p.
159. ? Corolla purple, or white. Berry globular, scarlet, J an
inch in diameter.
Thick-pctalled Nightshade. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
175 S. MOLLissiMUM (Blum. bijdr. p. 698.) flowers fascicled
at the sides of the leaves ; teeth of calyx equal in length to the
tube; leaves of two forms, tomentose beneath, the one ovate,
and the other oblong. Tj . S. Native of Java.
Very-soft Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 2. Leaves solitary. Corolla plicate, 5-angled. Stamens
sometimes unequal.
176 S Mocinia'num (Dun. syn. p. 23. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
43.) stem herbaceous, pilose ; leaves almost sessile, ovate-lance-
olate, acute, pilose; peduncles solitary; calyx 10-cleft. ©.?
H. Native of Mexico. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 757. — Moc. et Sesse,
pi. mex. icon. ined. Nearly allied to S. viridijlbrum. Peduncles
axillary, longer than the leaves. Corolla violaceous, with acute
angles. Anthers nearly sessile. Berry ovate-oblong, yellowish
green.
Mocino's Nightshade. PL
177 S. fu'gax (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 123. icon. rar. t. 324. Dun.
sol. 178. syn. p. 23.) stem shrubby, dichotomous, divaricate;
leaves lanceolate, smoothish ; peduncles solitary; calyx 10-
toothed. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. Lain. diet. 4. p. 282.
Bark blackish, roughish with dots. Peduncles from the divari-
cation of the branches, or opposite the leaves. Calyx small,
truncate, 10-striped. Corolla large, white, with a yellow 5-
rayed star, as in S. stellatum, expanding about 5 in the morn-
ing, but closes in a short time afterwards, hence the specific
name.
Fwgncious-flowered Nightshade. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
178 S. stella'tum (Jacq. coll. 3. p. 254. and 5. t. 5. f. 2.
icon. rar. t. 325. Dun. sol. p. 178. syn. p. 24.) stem shrubby,
scandent, flexuous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, acumi-
nated ; peduncles generally twin ; calyx unequally toothed. T; .
^. S. Native country unknown. Shrub evergreen, glabrous,
green. Peduncles sometimes solitary, and by threes. Corollas
elegant, large, blue, marked by a 5-rayed star, which is green-
ish and protuberant beneath, stretched out beyond the limb
of the corolla into acute points, as in S.fiigax, S. virgutum,
and others. Berry globose, orange-coloured. Nearly allied
to S. gcminalitm, and S. reirofrdctum, but differs in the larger
flowers and unequally-toothed calyx.
67rt?-)-2/-flowered Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1805.
.Shrub climbing.
179 S. GEMiNA TUM (Vahl. eclog. l.p. 21. Dun. sol. 177.
syn. p. 24.) stem scandent ; leaves ovate, quite entire, glabrous,
as well as the calyxes and pedicels ; peduncles axillary, usually
twin ; calyx 10-toothed : teeth linear-subulate, ^ . ^. S.
Native of Cayenne. Branches terete, powdery, when examined
by a lens. One of the peduncles is longer than the other.
Corolla gkibrous.
T'nim-flowered Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
180 S. BIFLORUM (Lour. coch. 159.) stem shrubby; leaves
ovate, villous ; peduncles twin ; calyx 10-cleft. Tj . G. Native
of China and Cochinchina, where it is called Tliien-phao. Dun.
sol. p. 177. syn. p. 24. Leaves quite entire. Calycine seg-
ments subulate. Berry small, roundish, red.
Trvo-Jlorvered Nightshade. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
181 S. phillyreoi'des (Dun. syn. p. 24. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
115. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 37.) stem shrubby,
erect, dichotomous ; leaves oblong, or lanceolate-oblong, taper-
ing to both ends, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous above, and
downy beneath ; flowers alar, and lateral, 2 to 4 together ;
calyx somewhat 10-toothed. Tj . S. Native of New Granada,
in the valley of the river Magdalena, near Teneriffe and Badilla.
Branchlets angular, downy. Leaves glabrous, and green above,
but pale and downy beneath. Corollas size of those of S. lyci-
oides. Teeth of calyx linear-subulate, remote : the alternate
ones very small, and placed in the middle of the tube. Corolla
sinuately 5-angled, marked by a violaceous star. Berry globose.
Phillyrea-like Nightshade. Shrub.
182 S. virga'tum (Lam. ill. no. 2310. Dun. sol. p. 174. t.
4. syn. p. 25.) stem shrubby; branches twiggy ; leaves ovate-
oblong, acute, tomentose beneath, as well as the peduncles and
calyxes ; peduncles numerous, filiform, axillary, and in the
forks of the branches ; filaments unequal. Ij . G. Native of
the Canary Islands. Tomentum stellate. Leaves quite entire.
Calyx 10-cleft; segments joined by a pellucid membrane: al-
ternate ones short. Corolla violaceous, marked by a 5-rayed
star, tomentose outside. Stamens 5, one of which is longer
than the others.
Tw^g-o-y Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4
feet ?
183 S. le'ntum (Cav. icon. 4. p. 4. t. 308.) shrubby,
scandent ; branches and under sides of the leaves clothed with
starry hoary tomentum, but clothed with stellate down above ;
leaves ovate, acute, quite entire ; extra-axillary flowers twin,
and the terminal ones numerous ; calyx 10-toothed : teeth
linear-filiform. ^ . ,^. S. Native of New Spain, Cav. ; in the
province of Caraccas, near Cura, in the valley of Aragua. Dun.
sol. 175. syn. p. 25. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 38.
Solanum scandens, foliis tomentosis, Plum. cat. p. 4. ? Tourn.
inst. p. 150. ?— Plum. ed. Burm. p. 242. t. 245. f. 3. ? Supe-
rior leaves twin. ? Corolla sinuately 5-lobed, violaceous, with a
white star, downy outside. One of the stamens is twice as long
as the other 4.
P^iani Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
§ 3. Leaves twin. Calyx slightly 10-toothed. Flowers fasci-
cled, or twin at the sides of the leaves.
184 S. denticula'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 697. Nees in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 41.) stem suflfruticose ; lower leaves solitary: su-
perior ones twin, smoothish, the larger one oblong, acuminated
at both ends, the smaller one subovate ; flowers fasciculately
aggregate at the sides of the leaves ; calyx minutely 10-toothed,
furrowed. fj . S. Native of Silhet ; Java, in shady places on
the higher mountains of Gede and Burangrang. There is a
var. of this plant described by Blum, having the leaves, pedun-
cles, and calyxes hairy; and another variety having the pedun-
cles solitary, and tlie flowers tetrandrous from abortion.
Denticulated-ca\y\ed Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 4. Leaves solitary, rarely twin. Corollas 5-parted. Sta-
mens equal. '
185 S. sca'ndens (Lin. suppl. 147. amoen. acad. 8. p, 253.)
stem herbaceous, twining ; leaves cordate, ovate, dependent.
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
423
very soft beneath ; flowers sub-umbellate, terminal. ^."^.S.
Native of Surinam. Dun. sol. p. 179. syn. p. 25. Racemes
compound. Corolla rotate, with lanceolate, recurved segments.
Berry globose, size of a cherry.
Climbing Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
twining.
186 S. sideroxyloi'des (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 8. p. 253.)
shrubby ; branches flexuous, tomentose ; leaves ovate, or ob-
long-ovate, entire, acute, or sub-acuminated, bluntish at the
base, roughish above, and clothed with rough tomentum beneath;
tomentiun stellate, of a rusty yellow colour ; calyx hemispheri-
cal, 10-toothed : teeth short, obtuse ; corollas white, downy
outside ; berries globose, glabrous, h . G. Native of Mexico,
near Hacienda de La Laguna. Umbels sessile, axillary. Anthers
regular. Pedicels and calyxes tomentose. Leaves very similar
to those of the pear tree. There is an unnamed species very
like this from Hayti. in Willd. herb. no. 4410.
Iron-n'ood-like Nightshade. Shrub.
187 S. LANUGlNosuM (Duu. syn. p. 25. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
116. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3 p. 3Q.') shrubby;
branchlets tomentose ; leaves ovate, acutish, subcordate, quite
entire, beset with stellate hair above, but clothed with hoary,
villous tomentum beneath ; peduncles tomentose, opposite the
leaves, twin, or 3 together ; calyx 10-toothed, tomentose. Tj .
S. Native of Quito, near Mulalo, at the altitude of 1690 hex-
apods. Tomentum stellate. Berry size of a sloe, globose.
Woolly Nightshade. Shrub.
18S S. chrysophy'llum (Dun. syn. p. 25. sol. ed. 2d. ined.
t. 117. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 39.) shrubby, scan-
dent ; branches tomentose ; leaves elliptic, acute, quite entire,
clothed with stellate pubescence above, and fuscescent tomentum
beneath, of a golden rusty colour when young, as well as the
branchlets ; peduncles subaxillary, solitary ; calyx 5 -toothed.
^ . ,^. S. Native of the kingdom of Quito. Tomentum stel-
late. Leaves 2 inches long : superior ones twin, imequal in
size. Corolla 5-parted, with ovate, oblong segments.
Golden-leaved Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
189 S. lasiophy'llum (Dun. syn. p. 25. sol. ed. 2d. t. 118.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 39.) shrubby ; branches some-
what dichotomous, hispid from pili ; leaves twin, oblong, sub-
acuminated at both ends, quite entire, hispid above, but yellow-
ish and softer beneath ; peduncles alar and subaxillary, solitary
or twin ; calyx 10-toothed. h . S. Native of New Granada,
on the Andes of Pasto, between Menezes and Zeindala, at the
altitude of 1400 hexapods. Hairs simple. Calyx hispid ; teeth
linear, filiform ; alternate ones a little shorter. Corolla whitish-
violet, pilose outside ; with oblong-lanceolate segments.
Woolly-leaved Nightshade. . Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
190 S. linea'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 31. t. 158. f.
b.) stem shrubby ; leaves twin, ovate, acuminated, lined, villous
beneath ; berries inclosed within the segments of the corolla,
peduncled, interfoliaceous ; calyx 10-toothed. I; . S. Native
of Peru, in groves at Munna. Dun. sol. p. 180. Peduncles
hairj'. Calyx 10-cleft, hairy ; segments linear. Corolla white,
length of calyx. Berry fuscous, size of a chick-pea.
Lined-leeived Nightshade. Shrub.
191 S. BiFORMiFoLiuM (Ruiz. ct Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 32. t. 161.
f. a.) stem suflTruticose, flexuous ; leaves twin, oblong-lanceo-
late : the smaller ones orbicular ; peduncles interfoliaceous ;
calyx 10-toothed ; berry inclosed within the segments of the
calyx. I; . S. Native of Peru, in groves at Chincao. Dun.
sol. p. 180. syn. p. 26. Peduncles usually twin, but sometimes
3-4-5 together. Calyx hispid ; teeth long-linear. Corolla
purplish-violet. Berry yellowish-red, size of a pea.
Tn'o-formed-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
192 S. AcuTiFoLiun (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 33. t. 1C2.
f. b. Dun. sol. p. 180. syn. p. 26.) stem suHiuticose, flexuous ;
leaves twin, or 3 together, lanceolate ; peduncles interfoliace-
ous ; calyx 10-toothed. ^ , S. Native of Peru, in groves at
Munna. Plant hairy. Leaves rather hispid on both surfaces,
deflexed. Corolla white, 5-parted. Berry roundish, oran<re-
coloured.
Acute-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
Section IL Aculea'ta. Prickly shrubs and plants.
SuBSECT. L Leaves entire, repand, or sinualely angular. Pedun-
cles or racemes simple, or nearly so.
§ 1. Leprophora (from Xe-rrpog, lepros, rough; and cfiopEw,
phoreo, to bear.) Dun. sol. p. 181. Stems and leaves white
from leprous, powdery tomentum. Racemes lateral, seldom axil-
lary or opposite the leaves, few-jlowered. Prickles straight,
acerose.
193 S. ELEAONiFOLiuM (Cav. icon. 3. p. 22. t. 243.) stem
shrubby ; leaves discoloured : lower ones sinuated and prickly :
superior ones entire, unarmed ; peduncles few-flowered. ^ . G.
Native of Chili. Dun. sol. p. 181. syn. p. 26. Old stems prickly :
young ones unarmed. Prickles short. Leaves white beneath,
and greenish-yellow above. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla blue, large,
clothed with powdery tomentum outside, like the rest of the
plant. Berry globose, yellow, glabrous, size of a chick-pea.
Leaves very like those of Eleagnus angustif alius.
Eleagnus-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
194 S. dealba'tum (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 52.) sufFruti-
cose, hoary from stellate, leprous tomentum all over ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, obtuse, having the petioles and midrib prickly
beneath ; lower leaves subsinuated : superior ones entire ; ra-
cemes axillary, few-flowered ; calyxes prickly. (^ . G. Na-
tive of Chili. Corolla pale lilac. Allied to S. eleagnifblium,
and S. leprbsum.
Whitened Nightshade. Fl. June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
195 S. LEPP.6snM (Ortega, dec. 9. p. 115. Dun. sol. 182.
syn. p. 26.) stem shrubby ; leaves discoloured, all sinuated, and
prickly on both surfaces, hoary beneath ; peduncles few-flower-
ed ; calyx prickly. 1/ . G. Native of Chili. The whole plant
is canescent from short tomentum. Stem prickly. Prickles
small, reddish-yellow ; those on the calyx sometimes stellately
pilose at top. Corolla large, pale blue, clothed with powdery
down outside. Berry yellowish, size of a cherry. This species
differs from (S'. eleagnifblium in the leaves being all sinuated and
prickly ; and in the branchlets, peduncles, and calyxes being
also prickly.
Leprous Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
196 S. OBTUSiFonuM (Duu. syn. p. 26. sol. ed. 2d. t. 119.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 40.) stem shrubby ;
branches prickly, and are, as well as the leaves, clothed with sil-
very tomentum ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sinuately repand, prickly
along the middle nerve beneath ; peduncles lateral, solitary, few-
flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, prickly. Ij . G. Na-
tive of Mexico, near Regla ; and Totonilco el Grande, at the
altitude of 1200 hexapods. Tomentum stellate. Prickles yel-
low, short. Calyx 5-6-cleft. Corolla clothed with white to-
mentum outside, and blue inside, size of those of the potatoe ;
segments oblong, acutish. Stamens 5-6. Fruit unknown.
Obtuse-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
197 S. FLA viDUM (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 227.) suflTruti-
424
SOLAN ACEiE. I. Soianum.
cose, densely clothed with yellowish tomentum ail over ; branches
and calyxes prickly ; leaves solitary, oblong, bluntish, sinuately
repand : superior ones obsoletely sinuated ; racemes opposite
the leaves, usually 3-flowered. Tj . G. Native of North Ame-
rica, but the exact locality is unknown. Stem armed with sim-
ple, scattered prickles. Racemes at the extremities of the
branches. Calycine segments subulate. Corolla large ; lobes
triangularly-lanceolate.
Yellowish Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 2. Leprophoris AFFiNiA. The j)lants contained in this divi-
sion are very like those of the last.
198 S. furfurVceum (R. Br. prod. p. 446.) stem shrubby ;
prickles acerose ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, quite entire, fur-
nished with a few prickles above, or unarmed, glabrous, smooth,
but clothed with cinereous tomentum beneath ; umbels lateral,
2-4.flovvered, sessile ; calyx unarmed. Ij . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. Dun. sol. 182. syn. p. 26.
Fiirfuraceous Nightshade. Shrub.
199 S. PARViFOLiUM (R. Br. !. c.) stem shrubby; prickles
acerose ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, quite entire, flat, glabrous
above, and furnished with a few prickles, but tomentose be-
neath, and unarmed, as well as the calyxes ; umbels lateral, 2-4-
flowered, sessile, fj . S. Native of New Holland, on the sea
shore, within the tropic.
Small-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
200 S. orbicula'tum (Dun. syn. p. 27. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
44. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 762.) stem prickly ; prickles acerose,
red ; leaves nearly orbicular, clothed with leprous tomentum on
both surfaces, small ; flowers twin or solitary, on short pedun-
cles. V; . G. Native of New Holland. Branches greyish-
yellow. Prickles long, tomentose at the base, one to each pe-
tiole. Leaves somewhat petiolate, unarmed, cream-coloured
below, and greenish-grey above. Peduncles and calyxes clothed
with rusty tomentum.
Orbicular-\ea\ed Nightshade. Shrub.
201 S. stelu'gerum (R. Br. prod. p. 445.) stem shrubby ;
prickles few, acerose ; leaves entire, almost unarmed, lanceolate,
glabrous above, smooth, grey and tomentose beneath ; corymbs
lateral, subumbellate, siinple, nearly sessile; calyx unarmed.
y; . G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Dun. sol. p. 201, syn. p. 27. Flowers pale blue. Fruit red.
Tomentum stellate.
I(ir. a ; prickles of the stem much curved. Ij . G. Stem
and branches tomentose. Corolla pale purple. Stamens equal.
Berry globose, scarlet. S. stelligerum. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p.
57. t. 88.
Far. /3 ; prickles of the stem straight. fj • S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Dun. sol.
ed. 2d. ined. t. 57. Tomentum on the under sides of the
leaves rusty. Corolla villous outside, pale blue. Berry small,
scarlet.
S tar- bear ing 'Sightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub
3 feet.
202 S. DISCOLOR (R. Br. prod. p. 445.) stem shrubby ;
prickles setaceous, straight ; leaves elliptic, subrepand, glabrous
above, and tomentose beneath, cinereous, and are, as well as the
calyxes, unarmed ; racemes lateral, inany-flowered, undivided.
Tj . S. Native of New Holland, on the sea shore, within the
tropic. Dun. sol. 183. syn. p. 27.
Two-coloured leaved-Nightshade. Shrub.
203 S. dianthophorum (R. Br. 1. c. but not of Lour.) nearly
unarmed ; stem furnished with a very few acerose prickles, and
sometimes there are no prickles ; leaves oblong-ovate, entire,
tomentose, unarmed ; peduncles lateral, 2-flowered or twin ;
calyx 5-cleft, acuminated. I7 . S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic, on the sea shore. Dun. sol. 183. syn. p. 27.
Branches clothed with rusty-yellow, stellate tomentum, as well
as the under sides of leaves. Leaves often twin, dark green
above. Calyx woolly, longer than the corolla ; anthers viola-
ceous.
Pink-bcarirg Nii:htshade. Shrub.
204 S. elm'pticum (R. Br. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; prickles
straight, tomentose at the base ; leaves oblong-oval, obtuse,
entire, tomentose on both surfaces, and are, as well as the
calyxes, prickly ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. 1; . S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore.
Elliptic-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
205 S. horridum (Dun. syn. p. 28. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 46.)
stem terete, pilose, prickly ; leaves on long petioles, ovate-
oblong, entire, villous on both surfaces, and prickly, as well
as the peduncles, which are 1-flowered. ^ . G. Native of New
Holland. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 763. The whole plant is clothed
with stellate hairs. Leaves greyish-green above, and cream-
coloured beneath. Segments of corolla acute. Berry globose,
size of a large cherry.
Horrid Nightshade. Shrub.
206 S. echina'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 447.) stem erect ;
prickles setaceous, straight, acerose ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire,
unarmed, tomentose on both surfaces ; racemes opposite the
leaves, simple ; berry somewhat 4-celled, inclosed in the echi-
nated calyx. ^ . S. Native of New Holland, on the sea
shore, within the tropic.
Echinated-ca\yxed Nightshade. Shrub.
207 S. RoDscHiEDii (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 111.) stem shrub-
by ; leaves oblong, sinuated or entire, subcordate at the base, or
attenuated, tomentose beneath, and prickly ; racemes lateral ;
calyxes mutic. Pj . S. Native about the Essequibo, on the Ame-
rican continent. The whole plant, except the adult branches
and genitals, is beset with elegant stellate hairs. Branches,
petioles, and leaves prickly; prickles solitary, compressed, yel-
low : rameal ones curved, the rest straight. Calycine segments
short, bluntish. Corolla like that of S. mammosum, violaceous,
clothed with tomentum outside, as well as the calyx. Berry
size of a cherry.
Rodschicde's Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 3. PERsicA'Riff; (so named from the leaves of most of the
species resembling those of Persica, or the peach.) Dun. sol.
183. Leaves entire or repand, narrow, oblong-lanceolate.
Racemes simple, elongated, extra-foliaceous ; pedicels secund,
erect in the flowering state, but drooping in the fruit-bearing
state. Corollas 5-parted.
208 S. RACEMOSUM (Jacq. amer. p. 50. t. 36. ed. pict. t. 50.
Lin. mant. 47.) stem unarmed, shrubby ; leaves lanceolate, re-
pand, undulated, acute ; corollas 5-parted. h . S. Native of
Martinico, on the declivities of mountains, Jacquin ; Surinam,
Lin. Leaves shining, petiolate. Racemes length of leaves.
Corolla white ; segments deep, oblong-lanceolate. Berry red,
size of a small pea.
Racemose-Ro\\ered Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 17S1.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
209 S. i'gneum (Lin. spec. p. 270.) stem shrubby ; leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, revolute on both sides at the base ; co-
rollas 5-parted. Ij . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, and
Guiana. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 14. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 207. exclu-
SOLANACE^. 1. SoLANUM.
425
sive of the syn. of Plum. — Burm. amer. 211. t. 245. f. 1. —
Sloane, jam. 1. p. 38. t. 11. f. 3. — Pliikn. aim. 350. pliyt. t.
225. f. 5. Solanum fruticosum, lauii foliis, aculeitum, Plum,
cat. p. 4. Tourn. inst. p. 149. Shrub sometimes prickly, and
sometimes unarmed. Leaves clothed with stellate villi on both
surfaces, but most so beneath. Prickles loncf, of a reddish,
fiery colour, subulate, straight. Corolla white or purplish ; with
long, narrow, reflexed segments. Berry red, size of a cherry, ex
Poir ; yellow ish, size of a pea, ex Jacq.
Far. ft, parvifulium (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 23.) fj . S. Native
of the Island of Santa Cruz. This differs from the species in
habit ; in the stem and branches being more slender ; in the
leaves being much smaller, less acuminated ; and in the prickles
being 2 or 3 times longer.
/Very-spined Nightshade. Fl. March, Nov. Clt. 1714.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
210 S. subarma'tum (Willd. enum. p. 240.) stem shrubby,
rather prickly ; leaves lanceolate, downy beneath, quite entire,
liaving the margins revolute at the base ; racemes simple, fj .
S. Native country unknown. Dun. sol. p. 185. syn. p. 28.
Down stellate. Leaves glabrous above, having the midrib
sometimes furnished with one prickle beneath. Corolla white,
with lanceolate segments. This plant is sometimes to be found
in the gardens under the name of S. Bahamense. According to
Poiret it is perhaps a mere variety oi S. igneum.
Ha If -armed 'Nightshade. Fl. May, Jime. Clt. 1820. Shrub
5 to 7 feet.
211 S. persicjEFOlium (Dun. sol. p. 185. syn. p. 28.) stem
shrubby ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrow ; racemes simple ;
corollas 5-cleft. h . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. —
Burm. amer. p. 240. t. 244. — Plum. cat. 4. Stem scabrous,
unarmed. Leaves prickly on the middle nerve beneath. Calyx
unarmed. Berry globose, drooping. This species differs from
S. igneum in the leaves being narrower.
Peach-leaved Nightshade. Shrub 4 to G feet.
212 S. Bahame'nse (Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 188. ed. 2d. p.
270.) stem shrubby ; leaves lanceolate, repand or sinuated, ob-
tuse, with reflexed margins; corollas 5-parted. I^ . G. Native
of Providence, one of the Bahamas. Dun. sol. p. 186. syn. p.
28. S. fruticosum. Mill. diet. no. 18. — Sloan, hist. p. 236. t.
145. — Dill. elth. 263. t. 271. f. 250, Stem and leaves prickly.
Leaves villous. Prickles brownish, straight. Corolla bluish-
purple, with narrow, reflexed segments. Berry size of a pea,
yellowish. Said to be nearly allied to S. polyacdnthum ; but the
leaves are broader, and the flowers racemose, not solitary, &:c.
.Ba/ja??ia Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. Shrub 5
to 6 feet.
213 S. GRACiLiFLORUM (Dun. syn. p. 29. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
47.) branches smoothish, prickly ; prickles straightish ; leaves
ovate-oblong, unequal at the base, sinuated, prickly on both sur-
faces, rather pilose ; pili very minute, stellate, distant ; racemes
short, cymosely umbellate. fj . S. Native of Java. Prickles
yellow'ish, rather villous at top. Pedicels and flowers slender.
Calyx small, 5-toothed.
Slender-flowered Nightshade. Shrub.
214 S. Dunalia'num (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. hot. p. 448.
t. 58.) shrubby ; leaves elliptic, acute, running into the petioles
at the base, quite entire, glabrous, spiny on the middle nerve
beneath, as well as on the branches and petioles ; flowers
corymbose, tetrandrous ; calyx glabrous, with ovate, acute
lobes ; corolla clothed with powdery tomentum outside, with
ovate-lanceolate segments ; berries globose. ^ . S. Native
of the Moluccas.
Dunal's Nightshade. Shrub.
215 S. MOLLE (Dun. syn. p. 28. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 120. H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 40.) stem sufFruticose, prickly ;
VOL. IV.
branches unarmed, clothed with hoary tomentum, as well as
the under surfaces of the leaves, but the upper surfaces of the
leaves are clothed with canescent down, they are oblong, acumi-
nated, sinuated, prickly on the nerve beneath ; racemes almost
opposite the leaves, subdichotomous, and are, as well as the ca-
lyxes, unarmed. I7 . S. Native of the province of Caraccas,
near St. Geronimo del Pyrital, on the banks of the river Gua-
rico. Prickles straight, yellowish. Down stellate. Corolla
white, clothed with hoary tomentum outside. Berry round, va-
riegated with white and green, ex Bonpl.
.S'o/i Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to
5 feet.
§ 4. Poly'gama (from ttoXvc, polys, many ; and ya/jof, gamos,
a marriage ; in reference to the greater number of male flowers
than of hermaphrodite ones.) Flowers small : hermaphrodite
ones solitary, on short peduncles : male ones racemose. Leaves
entire, or rejiand.
216 S. polyaca'nthum (Lam. ill. no. 2377. Poir. diet. 4.
p. 304.) very prickly ; prickles acicular ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, nearly sessile, obtuse, villous on both surfaces ; peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered. Fj . S. Native of the Island of Domi-
nica. Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 24. Dun. sol. p. 186. syn. p. 29.
S. parviflorum, Cav. icon. 3. p. 19. t. 236. — Burm. amer. p.
218. t. 224. f. 1. exclusive of the syn. of I^in. and Dill. — Plum.
mss. 5. p. 51. ex Burm. 1. c. Villi stellate, yellowish. Prickles
straight, yellowish-brown at top. Corollas small, white ; seg-
ments linear, villous outside. Berry globose, glabrous, shining,
size of a coriander seed.
Many-spined'ii\ghlshaAe. Fl. Jime, Sept. Clt. 1821. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
217 S. micropuy'llhm (Dun. sol. p. 187. syn. p. 29.) stem
branched; leaves small, ovate, entire, rather tomentose; flow-
ers quadrifid, tetrandrous. l^ . S. Native of the Caribbee Is-
lands. Aquartia microphylla. Lam. ill. no. 1604. t. 82. f. 2.
Poir. suppl. 1. p. 410. Habit of S. lycioides. Prickles acicu-
lar, sometimes solitary, and sometimes twin at the base of
the branches, or infrafoliaceous. Leaves size of those of wild
thyme, or h.ardly larger, acute or obtuse. Peduncles extra-
foiiaceous, very short, solitary or twin. Segments of corolla
linear.
Small-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
218 S. Aqua'rtia (Dun. sol. 187. syn. p. 29.) stem branch-
ed, prickly ; leaves subovate, obtuse, entire, tomentose ; flowers
4-cleft, tetrandrous. fj . S. Native of St. Domingo, at Bay-
aba, on rocks by the sea side. Aquartia tomentosa, Lam ill. no.
1603. t. 62. f. 1. Poir. diet. 1. p. 217. Aquartia aculcata, Jacq.
amer. t. 15. Branches armed with short, subulate prickles, but
almost unarmed in the young state. Peduncles lateral, 1-flow-
ered, very short. Calyx tomentose ; segments unequal. Co-
rolla white, tomentose outside ; segments linear, bluntish. Berry
globose, yellow, shining, size of a small pea.
^(?!;ar<'« Nightshade. Fl. ? Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 feet.
219 S. crotonoIdes (Lam. ill. no. 2383. Poir. diet. 4. p.
306.) stem shrubby ; leaves discoloured, elliptic-lanceolate, gla-
brous above, and tomentose beneath, unarmed ; racemes short ;
flowers quadrifid, tetrandrous. H . S. Native of the Caribbee
Islands. Dun. sol. p. 188. t. 13. syn. p. 29. Branches tomen-
tose, rusty at top. Prickles acicular, few, straight. Pedimcles
lateral, clothed with rusty tomentum, forked and cymose at top.
Segments of corolla linear.
Croton-like Nightshade. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
220 S. reticula'tum (Dun. syn. p. 29. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
48.) branches tomentose at top, powdery ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, unequal, quite glabrous and reticulated above, nerved be-
3 I
426
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
neath, and clothed with leprous tomentum ; peduncles 1-flower-
ed ; flowers quadrifid ? fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 764. Hahit of S. crotonoides, prickly or unarmed.
Berries globose, mucronate.
Reticulated-leaxedi Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
221 S. poL-y'oAMUM (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 39. t. 55. Dun. sol.
188. ed. 2d. ined. t. 49. syn. p. 39.) stem shrubby ; leaves
ovate-oblong, nearly entire, rather scabrous above, but tomen-
tose beneath. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz.
Branches, and under surfaces of leaves, and peduncles, clothed
with rusty tomentum. Prickles straight, reddish-yellow. Leaves
subcordate at the base, unequal, 2-3 inches long. Flowers
small, cymose. Calyx and corolla tomentose outside, 4-5-part-
ed. Stamens 4-5. Some of the flowers are male, and some
hermaphrodile, as has been observed by D. West, ex Vahl.
Pohjgamous-Wowtreik Nightshade. Shrub.
222 S. iNTEGRiFOLiuM (Poir. diet. 4. p. 301. Dun. sol. p.
189.) stem shrubby; leaves ovate, subrepand, rather tomentose
beneath ; umbels axillary. >; . S. Native of the Mauritius.
Stem prickly, as well as pilose. Leaves sometimes twin, some-
times aggregate, smoothish above, but furnished with distant, mi-
nute pili, and prickles ; prickles few, small. Calyx villous, 5-
toothed. Corolla small, whitish. Berry globose, yellowish, size
of a grape, ex Poir.
EnlWe-lcavcd Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 5. Eriophy'li.a (from epwv, erion, wool; and (j>v\Xoy, phyl-
/o)i, a leaf ; leaves woolly.) Dun. sol. p. 189. Leaves repand,
angular or sinuated, woolly on both surfaces. Peduncles solitary,
many-flomcred ; or aggregate, 1-Jlotvered, short. Flowers small.
223 S. hi'rtum (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 40. icon. 3. t. 21.) stem
shruljby ; leaves cordate, angular, tomentose, prickly ; pedun-
cles lateral, aggregate, and aie, as well as the calyxes, hairy.
h, S. Native of Trinidad. Dun. sol. p. 189. syn. p. 30.
Prickles small, straight, acicular. Stem tomentose at top.
Leaves a hand long, whitish beneath. Peduncles supra-folia-
ceous, 1 -flowered. Calyx and corolla hairy outside; three of
the segments of the corolla are longer than the other two.
Hairy Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub.
224 S. coRDiFOLiuM (Dun. syn. p. 30. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
135.) stem hairy, prickly ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, an-
gularly repand, villous on both surfaces, unarmed ; racemes sim-
ple, lateral. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 7G4. The whole plant is clothed with stellate and
simple, soft, rust-coloured hairs. Leaves unequal at the base.
Segments of corolla equal. This species differs from S. hirlum,
in the leaves being unarmed ; in the flowers being racemose ;
and in the corolla being regular.
Heart-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
225 S. eriophy'llum (Dun. syn. p. 30. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
50.) branches clothed with white tomentum, prickly ; leaves
clothed with white tomentum on both surfaces, ovate, sinuated,
obtuse, on short petioles ; calyxes woolly, subcampanulate. I7 .
G. Native of New Holland. S. lasiophyllum, Poir. suppl. 3.
p. 7G4. Prickles small, slender. Segments of calyx obtuse,
rarely prickly. Corolla blue, pentagonal, the star villous out-
side. Berry globose.
Woolly-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
226 S. TOMENTOsuM (Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 188. ed. 2d. p.
269.) stem shrubby, prickly ; prickles acerose ; leaves cordate,
subrepand, undulated, densely tomentose on both surfaces ; ten-
der parts clothed with purplish powder. I; . S. Native of
North America, ex Lin. spec. ed. 1st.; jEthiopia, ex Lin.
spec. ed. 2d. ; Guiana, ex Aubl. ; Peru, where it is called Hor-
mis, ex Ruiz, et Pav. ; Cape of Good Hope, ex Thunb. prod,
p. 36. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 216. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 41.
Dun. sol. p. 190. syn. p. 30. — Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 58. —
Triumf. prsel. 46. t. 6.— Bocc. sic. 8. t. 5.— Plukn. aim. 351. t.
316. f. 2. ? The whole plant is densely clothed with greenish-
yellow tomentum.. Leaves usually 3 inches long, and about 1
inch broad, sometimes unarmed, sometimes prickly beneath.
Prickles straight, yellowish-green. Racemes shorter than the
petioles, at length drooping. Corolla bluish-violet. Beny sub-
globose, rather tomentose while young ; but glabrous, and of a
dirty orange colour, and about the size of a gooseberry when
mature.
Tomentose Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1662. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
227 S. hy'bridum (Jacq. vind. 2. t. 113. Dun. sol. 191.
syn. p. 30.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves ovate, almost un-
armed, acute, repand ; the tender parts clothed with violet pow-
der on the back and margins. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Leaves
repandly angular, pale green, undulated, unequal at the base.
Peduncles clothed with violet tomentum : some umbellate, and
others 1-flowered. Corolla pale blue; segments 5-10. Some
of the flowers are sterile. Berry roundish, depressed, orange-
coloured, pendulous. Prickles strong, straight or recurved,
sometimes wanting on the leaves. Perhaps only a variety of S.
tomentosuin.
Hybrid Kightshaile. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
228 S. cocci'neum (Jacq. misc. 2. p. 239. icon. rar. 1. t. 43.)
stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, repand,
tomentose ; berries scarlet. ^ . S. Native country unknown,
and probably of garden origin. Dun. sol. 191. syn. p. 31. S.
tomentosum, var. coccineuni, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1045. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 228. Prickles straight, subulate, brown. Leaves
green, sometimes prickly on the middle nerve and petioles.
Racemes opposite the leaves, simple, tomentose. Corolla white
or purplish. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, acute. Berry
pea-shaped, red at first, but at length dirty white, ex Jacq. It
is very like S. tomentosum, but smaller in all its parts, and less
tomentose.
Scarlet-hemeA Nightshade. F'l. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
229 S. BREVi'piLUM (Dun. sol. p. 191. t. 21. syn. p. 31.)
stem shrubby ; leaves twin, sessile, obtuse-angled, tomentose on
both surfaces; calyx 5-parted. Ij . S. Native of the West
Indies ; as of St. Thomas and Porto Rico. This species differs
from iS'. Jamaicense in the peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes being
unarmed ; and in the calyx being 5-parted, not 5-toothed. Every
part of the plant is clothed with stellate tomentum. Leaves of
a rusty yellow colour on both surfaces, often unarmed.
Short-haired Nightshade. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
230 S. Jamaice'nse (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 454.) stem
shrubby ; leaves twin, cuneated, broadest in the middle, and ob-
tuse-angled, tomentose on both surfaces, as well as the rachi and
calyxes ; calyx 5-toothed ; prickles reflexed. I? . S. Native
of Jamaica and Hispaniola, among rubbish. Dun. sol. 191.
syn. p. 31. Stem and midrib of leaves beneath furnished with
strong prickles. Racemes lateral, much shorter than the leaves,
simple, many-flowered; flowers pedicellate, subcymose. Corolla
small, pale blue or white, with reflexed segments, tomentose be-
neath. Berry round, black when ripe, size of a red cur-
rant.
Jamaica Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6
feet.
231 S. TOXICA RiuM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 309. Dun. sol. 193.
ed. 2d. ined. t. 50. syn. p. 31.) stem shrubby, prickly; leaves
lobately angular, tomentose, oblique at the base, emarginate,
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
427
furnished with scattered prickles on both surfaces ; racemes
sessile, cyniose ; se<;ments of corolla sub-lanceolate. '; . S.
Native of Guiana. Richard, act. soc. par. ex Poir. suppl. 3. p.
764. S. Juripeba posterior, Pis. bras, book 4. chapt. 41.?
Prickles of the stem large, recurved. Leaves usuallj' twin.
Peduncles, pedicels, calyxes, and outside of corollas clothed
with stellate tomentum, like the under surfaces of the leaves.
Root poisonous.
Poisonous Nightshade. Shrub.
232 S. cuNEiFOLiuM (DuH. sol. p. 193. t. 22. syn. p. 31.)
stem shrubby ; leaves twin, long-cuneated, sinuately angular
above ; angles acute, but sometimes the leaves are nearly entire,
with obtuse angles ; racemes short, fj . S. Native of Cayenne.
S. croceum. Dun. sol. 241. S. dubium, Dun. sol. p. 240. S.
Janiaicense, Mill. diet. no. 71. — Sloan, hist. p. 236. t. 144. f. 3.
— Plukn. phyt. t. 226. The whole plant clothed with rusty
stellate tomentum. Branches and base of midrib of leaves
prickly ; prickles strong, reflexed, tonientose at the base. Leaves
unequal : largest ones 4-5 inches long, and the smaller ones 2-3
inches long. Pedicels longer than the peduncle, slender. Flow-
ers small. Calycine segments long, subulate, prickly. Corolla
white, 5-cleft. Berry globose, reddish yellow.
rFcdge-Zeaverf Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
233 S. HETEROTRICHUM (Dun. sol. p. 192. t. 20. syn. p. 31.)
stem tomentose ; leaves twin, sessile, ovate, rather angular,
tomentose from stellate pili ; nerves bullate, beset with simple
hairs. Ij . S. Native of tropical America. Branches clothed
with long yellowish hairs, which are stellate at top. Prickles
slender, recurved. Leaves yellowish beneath, and rather rusty
above ; nerves furnished with a few small prickles beneath.
Racemes short, simple, many-flowered, beset with stellate to-
mentum, as well as the outside of the corollas and calyxes.
Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, long. Corolla 5-parted,
with almost linear segments. Berry globose.
Variable-haired Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
234 S. WilldenoviVnitm ; tomentose ; stem shrubby, prickly ;
leaves twin, angular, cuneated ; umbels extra-foliaceous, sessile ;
peduncles and calyxes hispid. h . S. Native of Porto Rico,
Desf. S. cuneifolium, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 623, but not of Dun.
Willdenorv' s Nightshade. Slirub.
§ 6. Micraca'ntha (from fiiKpoQ, micros, small ; and akai/Oa,
akanl/ia, a spine ; in reference to the small, short, recurved
prickles.) Dun. sol. p. 193. Stem shrubby, prickly ; prickles
small, short, recurved. Leaves lanceolate, entire, or sinuately
angular; the middle nerve prickly beneath. Racemes simple,
cymose, extra-axillary.
235 S. sca'brum (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 22.) stem shrubby;
branches flexuous, prickly, glabrous ; leaves usually by threes,
oblong, acute, sinuately angular, clothed with stellate down
above, and stellate pili beneath, having the nerve prickly ; ra-
cemes lateral, few-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes,
prickly. ij • S. Native of Caraccas, near San Juan, and
other parts of tropical America. Dun. sol. p. 193. ed. 2d. t.
121. syn. p. 31. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 41. S.
adhaerens, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 669.
Prickles scattered, recurved, yellowish. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
white, tomentose outside ; segments lanceolate-linear. Berry
small, globose.
Scabrous Nightshade. Shrub.
236 S. heterophy'llum (Lam. ill. no. 2360. Poir. diet. 4.
p. 301. no. 64.) leaves by threes, unequal, scabrous above, and
rather tomentose beneath ; racemes and calyxes unarmed. h .
S. Native of Guiana. Dun. sol. p. 205. ed. 2d. t. 62. syn. p.
32. S. acanthifolium, Hort. Prickles strong, sub-recurved.
Leaves large, with blunt lobes, prickly on the midrib. Pedicels
and calyxes villous. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse. Corolla
large, divided to the base into lanceolate-linear, obtuse seg-
ments. Fruit-bearing peduncles reflexed. Berry round, size
of a pea.
Variable-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
237 S. Ature'nse (Dun. syn. p. 32. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 122.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 41.) shrubby; branches
prickly, and clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves twin, elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, quite entire, beset with stellate hairs above,
and stellate pili beneath ; midrib of leaves, as well as the
calyxes, prickly ; racemes extra-axillary, simple, unarmed, fj .
S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near the cataract
of Ature. Prickles compressedly conical, subulate, and re-
curved at top, shining. Leaves unequal in size, greenish above,
and fuscescent beneath, 6 inches long. Racemes clothed with
rusty tomentum, as well as the calyxes and outside of corolla.
Calyx prickly.
Ature Nightshade. Shrub.
238 S. nemore'nse (Dun. sol. p. 194. syn. p. 32.) stem
shrubby, scandent ; leaves petiolate, twin, the larger one oblong,
sinuately angular, and the smaller one ovate, lanceolate, quite
entire ; racemes filiform, very long. Pj . ,^. S. Native of
Peru, in groves at Chincao and Cuchero, where it is called
Rocolito de Monte. S. laciniatum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p.
40. t. 177. f. a. Pers. ench. 1. p. 228, but not of Ait. Branches
angular, prickly ; prickles small, recurved, yellowish. Leaves
nearly sessile, prickly on the back. Peduncles prickly, hanging
in the fruit-bearing state. Calyx small. Corolla blue. Berry
ovate-globose, size of a small pear, golden yellow.
Grove Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
239 S. volu'bile (Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 458. Pers. ench.
1. p. 226, exclusive of the syn. of Lam. and Jacq.) stem
shrubby, scandent ; leaves angular, with denticulated margins ;
racemes lateral ; calyxes prickly. ^ . ^. S. Native of His-
paniola, in woods. Dun. sol. p. 195. syn. p. 32. S. scandens,
Swartz. prod. p. 47, but not of Lin. Plum. mss. t. 4. f. 32. ex
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 217.? Stem prickly; branches terete.
Leaves 3-4 inches long, or a span, ovate-lanceolate, rough above,
and hispid from rusty hairs beneath ; petioles and midrib prickly;
prickles small, recurved. Calyx 5-toothed, clothed with rusty
down, prickly, reflexed. Corolla large, bluish, 5-parted, tomen-
tose outside, with long segments. Berry umbilicate.
Twining Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
climbing.
240 S. LANCE/EFOLiuM (Jacq. icon. rar. 2. t. 329. coll. 2. p.
286.) stem shrubby, scandent ; leaves twin, lanceolate-oblong,
attenuated at both ends, rather roughish, prickly on the midrib
and petioles beneath ; racemes short, unarmed, fj . S. Native
of tropical America. Dun. sol. p. 195. syn. p. 32. S. sar-
mentosum. Lam. ill. no. 2385. Poir. diet. 4. p. 307, exclusive
of the syn. of Swartz. Branches sarmentose, green and shining,
rather villous, as well as the stem and both sides of the leaves ;
hairs obsolete, starry. Leaves unequal in size, 4-8 inches long,
sometimes entire, and sometimes sinuately angular, shining
above, but paler beneath. Prickles solitary, or by pairs, yel-
lowish, small, recurved. Racemes rather villous, as well as the
outside of the calyxes and corollas. Pedicels cymose, approxi-
mate. Calyx 4-5-parted, with subulate segments. Corolla
white, 4-S-parted, with lanceolate, acute segments. Anthers 4-5,
yellow.
Far. ft, tetrdndrum ; flowers tetramerous, tetrandrous. I; .
^. S. Native of Cayenne. S. flexuosum, Vahl. eclog. 1 . p. 22.
3 I 2
428
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
Lance-leaved Kighishade. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1816. Shrub
climbing.
241 S. AMBiGUUM (Dun. syn. p. 32. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 123.)
branches seandent, pilose ; lower leaves solitary : superior ones
twin, ovate-elliptic, angular, a little sinuated, rather scabrous
from pill on both surfaces, having the midrib prickly ; racemes
simple, unarmed. Ij . ^. S. Native country unknown.
Ambiguous Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
242 S. micraca'nthum (Lam. ill. no. 2382. Poir. diet. 4. p.
306.) stem shrubby; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rather
tomentose beneath ; prickles small, few, recurved ; racemes
short. h . S. Native of Guadaloupe, Brazil, and Cayenne.
Dun. sol. p. 196, exclusive of the syn. of Vahl, symb. p. 32.
Branches rather villous, or tomentose at top. Down stellate.
Leaves green above, but rough from minute stellate hairs, but
tomentose beneath, as well as the petioles, peduncles, and out-
side of the corollas and calyxes. Branches, petioles, and mid-
rib of leaves beneath prickly ; prickles sometimes twin. Ra-
cemes lateral ; pedicels cymose. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla
deeply 5-cleft. Berry size of a chick pea.
Small-sjnncd Nightshade. Shrub.
243 S. brachya'nthu.m (Dun. syn. p. 32. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
124. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 42.) arboreous;
branches prickly ; branchlets tomentose ; leaves twin, elliptic,
acute at both ends, quite entire, puberulous above, but clothed
with hoary fiiscescent tomentum beneath, and prickly on the
midrib ; racemes lateral, simple ; pedicels and calyxes prickly.
Ij . S. Native of New Andalusia, on the declivity of Mount
Cocollar, at the altitude of 480 hexapods. Down and tomen-
tum stellate. Prickles short, recurved. Pedicels long, uni-
lateral, and are, as well as the calyxes, prickly. Racemes,
outside of corollas, and calyxes clothed with hoary toitientum.
Calyx 5-parted ; segments obovate, cuspidate, cohering. Corolla
5-parted, with linear-oblong, acute segments, about the size of
those of Oinithogalum licteuin. This species differs from S.
micracanthum, Lam. in the leaves being tomentose beneatli, and
in the pedicels and calyxes being prickly.
Short-Jlorvered Nightshade. Tree 30 feet.
244 S. Jussi^'i (Dun. syn. p. 33. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 52.)
leaves solitary, ovate-lanceolate, smoothish above, but rather
tomentose and prickly on the midrib beneath ; racemes simple,
cymose longer than the petioles. t; . S. Native of Rio Jane-
iro, Commerson. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 767. Prickles short, re-
curved. Down and tomentum stellate. Peduncles, pedicels,
and calyxes woolly. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla deeply 5-cleft;
segments ovate-lanceolate. Ovarium tomentose, powdery.
Jussieu's Nightshade. Shrub.
245 S. Javite'nse (H. B. et Kunth, rov. gen. amer. 3. p, 42.)
shrubby ; branches prickly ; branchlets clothed with fine hoary
tomentum ; leaves solitary, oblong, acute, quite entire, clothed
with stellate down on both surfaces, rather prickly on the mid-
rib beneath ; racemes lateral, simple ; pedicels and calyxes
unarmed. >^ . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, and
the Tuamino, near Carichana and Javita. S. monachophyllum,
Dun. syn. p. 33. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 125. Hairs and tomentum
stellate. Prickles conical, recurved at top, shining, yellowish.
Pedicels unilateral, clothed with stellate down, as well as the
calyxes. Calyx 5-parted ; segments subobovate, cuspidate.
Corolla and stamens like those of S. brac/iydnt hum. It differs
from S. Jussice'i in the leaves being on short petioles, entire,
oblong, downy on both surfaces, often unarmed, with the middle
nerve rather prickly ; the prickly racemes and flowers smaller.
Javita Nightshade. Shrub.
246 S. UMBROSUM (Dun. syn. p. 33. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 126.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amir. 3. p. 43.) shrubby, seandent :
branches prickly, and are, as well as the under surfaces of the
leaves, clothed with hoary villous tomentum : upper surfaces
villous; leaves solitary, or twin, oblong, acuminated, quite en-
tire ; racemes extra-axillary, bifid ; peduncles and midribs of
leaves beneath prickly ; pedicels and calyxes unarmed. Ij . ^.
S. Native of New Andalusia, in bushy places near Cumanacoa.
Hairs and down stellate, simple. Prickles scattered, small,
subulate, yellowisli, recurvedly reflexed. Pedicels unilateral.
Calyx villous, 5-parted ; segments obovate, cuspidate, cohering.
Corolla hispid from stellate pili outside, with linear, acutisii
segments.
5/iarferf Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Slirub cl.
247 S. Jurii'e'ba (Rich. act. soc. par. p. 107. Dun. sol. p.
196. t. 15. syn. p. 33.) shrubby ; branches prickly, rather pilose;
leaves solitary, elliptic-oblong, acute, almost quite entire, clothed
with stellate pili on both surfaces, prickly on the midrib beneath :
superior leaves twin ; racemes lateral and terminal, almost ses-
sile, and are, as well as the calyxes, unarmed. H . S. Native
of Cayenne ; and of the Island Pararumo, in the Orinoco, and
near the cataract of Ature, on the banks of the Orinoco. S.
obscurum, Vahl, symb. p. 41. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1046. Juri-
peba prior. Pis. bras. lib. 4. cap. 41. S. styracifolium, Willd.
rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 663. — Plum. mss. t. 4. f.
32, ex Dunal. Hairs or down stellate. Leaves canescent be-
neath. Flowers unilateral. Corolla violaceous, ex Bonpl.
white inside, and purple outside, ex Plum. Prickles on the
branches recurved, on the midribs of leaves straight. Calyx 5-
cleft, with broad, mucronulate segments. Corolla 5-parted,
with long, linear segments.
Jurijieba Nightshade. Shrub.
248 S. RUBiGiNosuM (Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 17. icon. t. 13.)
shrubby, clothed with rusty stellate tomentum all over ; prickles
recurved ; leaves elliptic, acute, quite entire, glabrous above,
and tomentose beneath ; cymes terminal. 1^ • S- Native of
Cayenne. Dun. sol. p. 197. syn. p. 33. Branches, petioles, and
midribs of leaves beneath prickly. Leaves 3-4 inches long,
obscure green above. Peduncles bifid ; pedicels reflexed at
first. Calyx 5-cleft, with linear-lsnceolate segments. Corolla
5-cleft, with sublinear segments.
/fw.s/y Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub.
249 S. VELUTiNUM (Dun. syn. p. 33. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 53.)
stem seandent, ? tomentose ; leaves ovate-oblong, unequ.al at the
base, acute, clothed with silky tomentum, furnished with a few
prickles beneath ; racemes terminal, few-flowered. 1? . ^. ? S.
Native of Cayenne. This species differs from S. rubigiiidsum
in the leaves being silky on both surfaces, in the hairs being
simple, but yellowish. Prickles short, recurved. Leaves yel-
lowish green above, but whiter beneath. Racemes villous.
Calycine segments oblong, acute, and are, as well as the corolla,
villous outside.
Velvet!/ Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
250 S. coria'ceum (Dun. sol. p. 197. t. 14. syn. p. 33.)
shrubby, seandent ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate-elliptic, acute ;
racemes lateral, simple, equal in length to the leaves. \^ . ^. S.
Native of Cayenne. Branches terete, powdery, as well as the
young leaves, peduncles, and pedicels. Leaves sometimes twin,
on short petioles 4 inches long, coriaceous, sometimes pricklj' on
the midrib. Prickles short, recurved. Peduncles sometimes
bifid ; pedicels secund. Corolla large, blue. Calyx coriaceous,
5-toothed; teeth roundish, mucronate. Stigma 2-lobed.
Coriaceous-leaved Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
SuBSECT. II. Subine'rmia. Stem prichly at the base. Leaves
sinualely angular, or entire. Racemes many-parted ; pedicels
cymose. Flowers numerous, many of mhich are abortive ; in
the fertile florvers the style is longer than the anthers ; in the
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
429
sterile Jluwers the style is the length of the Jilaments. Corollas
4-5-6-cle/t. Berries i-celled. a. Anthers unequal.
251 S. Bonarie'nse (Lin. spec. 264, exclusive of the syn. of
Plum.) shrubby, almost unarmed ; leaves ovate-oblong, sinu-
ately repanil, smoothish ; racemes corymbose, lateral, or extra-
tbliaceous. y . H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Dun. sol. 198.
syn. p. y^.— Dill. elth. p. 3(34. t. 272. f. 351. Stem green,
prickly at the base : adult ones unarmed. Leaves sometimes
entire, rarely prickly. Corymbs large. Calyx 4-5-cleft ; seg-
ments subulate. Corolla large, white, downy outside. Berry
globose, yellow ? 4-celled, size of a chick pea. Root creeping.
Buenos-Aijrcan Nightshade, Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1727.
Shrub G to 10 feet.
252 S. fastigia'tum (Willd. enum. p. 235.) shrubby, almost
unarmed ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, or sinuately repand,
downy ; racemes corymbose, terminal. I; . G. Native country
unknown. Dun. sol. p. 19S. t. 16. t. 2. p. D. syn. p. 34.
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 770. Jacq. eclog. t. 6. Stem usually un-
armed, but sometimes prickly. Branches green. Leaves rarely
prickly, sometimes entire, scabrous from short stellate pili.
Flowers large, some fertile, and some sterile. Calyx 4-5-6-
cleft ; segments acute. Corolla large, 4-5-6-cleft, pale blue,
marked by a yellow star inside. Anthers 4-5-6, yellow. Berry
globose, 4-celled, oranye yellow at maturity, size of a chick pea.
Fasligiate-^o\\exe& Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
253 S. PoKA (Dun. syn. p. 34. ed. 2d. ined. t. 56.) brandies
nearly glabrous, prickly : leaves ovate-lanceolate, almost entire,
or sinuately angular, scabrous on bolh surfaces, rather tomentose
beneath, unarmed; racemes short, lateral, few-flowered. f^ . S.
Native of Java, Leschenault. Branches prickly towards the
top ; prickles short, straight, slender, rarely recurved. Ra-
cemes bifid, unarmed, beset with rusty hairs. Calyx 5-cleft.
Corolla woolly outside, 5-cleft ; with lanceolate, acute segments.
Down and hairs stellate.
Poka Nightshade. Shrub.
254 S. oPORiNUM (Willd. enum. 1. p. 23S. Poir. suppl. 3.
p. 768.) stem shrubby, prickly at bottom ; leaves oblong-lance-
olate, repandly angular, or entire ; racemes cymose, lateral, and
terminal. >■ . G. Native of Mexico. ? S. macrophyllum,
Hort. monsp. Dun. sol. p. 199. t. 16. syn. p. 34. S. grandi-
florum, Desf. arb. 1. p. 169, but not of Ruiz, et Pav. S.
cymosum, Ort. dec. 1. p. 12. — Zucc. cent. 1. p. 47. Tops of
branches beset with powdery tomentum ; hairs short, stellate,
cinereous. Prickles somewhat recurved at apex. Leaves
large, a foot long, unequal, somewhat corda'e at the base,
having the midrib and petioles sparingly prickly : upper leaves
nearly entire : young ones canescent beneath, with convolute
edires. Peduncles 2-3-parted, green, scabrous from short stel-
late hairs, as well as the pedicels, and calyxes, and outside of
corollas. Calyx 5-parted ; segments broad at the base, and
subulate at the apex. Corolla large, blue, marked with a yellow
star inside, 4-5-cleft, plicate, spreading, afterwards reflexed.
Stigma somewhat 2-lobed. Berry globose, 4-celled, yellowish
when ripe, size of a chick pea. This species differs from S.
fastigiatum in all its parts being larger and more pilose ; corol-
las deep blue ; racemes leafv.
Autumnal Nightshade. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub
5 to 6 feet.
255 S. subine'rme (Jacq. amer. p. 50. t. 40. f. 3, a leaf
only.) stem shrubby, nearly unarmed ; leaves lanceolate, elliptic,
quite entire, glabrous above, but rather tomentose beneath ;
cymes mealy; calycine segments obtuse. T^ . .S. Native of
tlie West Indies, among bushes ; Mexico, &c. Dun. sol. p. 200.
syn. p. 34. Swartz. prod. 1. p. 453. Lin. mant. 8. p. 25-5.
S. laurifolium, Mill. diet. no. 20. Leaves 3-4 inches, glabrous
above, and more or less tomento.se beneath. Racemes cymose.
Calyx 5-cleft, with obtuse segments. Corolla blue, with lance-
olate segments. Berry globose. This species differs from S.
lanceolalum in the racemes being smaller, and in the calycine
segments being obtuse.
Ncarly-muirmed Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
256 S. ela'tum (Link. enum. 1. p. 186.) stem furnished wit!i
reflexed prickles, which are tomentose at the base ; leaves lance-
olate, rather tomentose, unarmed, when young hoary beneath ;
peduncles lateral, bifid ; calycine segments linear. Ij . S. Na-
tive country unknown. Prickles numerous, short. Leaves
acute, repand. Tomentum stellate. Pedicels crowded, tomen-
tose, as well as the calyxes. Corolla blue, tomentose outside.
7a/i Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Siirub 6 to
8 feet.
257 S. ocHRONEU*RUM (Link. 1. c.) stem furnished with re-
curved prickles ; branches clothed with rusty tomentum ; nerves
of leaves prickly ; cymes terminal ; calycine segments short ;
corolla 5-parted. 1; . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves tomen-
tose, not hoary. Tomentum stellate. Corolla blue. Anthers
distant.
Far. [i ; stem furnished with more numerous, larger prickles.
Leaves smaller, and more finely tomentose, and the nerves
more prickly on both sides. h . S. Native of Brazil.
Yellow-neived-leaved Nightshade. Clt. ? Shrub.
258 S. ASTROiTES (Jacq. eclog. t. 65. Link. enum. l.p. 18C.)
stem almost unarmed ; or the branches are furnished with a few
short, recurved prickles ; leaves ovate-oblong, sinuated or re-
pand, beset with stellate hairs on both surfaces ; corymbs intra-
foliaceous, dichotomous ; calyxes acuminated, clothed with stel-
late pili. y^ . G. Native of Chili or Peru. Leaves 9 inches
long. Corollas 5-lobed, of a violaceous blue colour. Petioles
furnished with 1 or 2 short, recurved prickles. Berry globose,
orange-colour, d, 2-celled. This species comes very near to
S. Bonariensis and S. fastigiatum.
Star-like Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
259 S. Mexica'num (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Dun. syn. p. 34. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. oG.) stem shrubby, tomen-
tose, unarmed, or nearly so ; leaves ovate-oblong, tomentose,
canescent beneath ; racemes subcymose ; calycine segments
subulate ; corolla 5-cleft, with acute segments. \} . S. Native
of Mexico. .Stem prickly at the base. Racemes lateral and
terminal. Corolla violaceous. Berry globose, orange-coloured,
size of a pea.
Mexican Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
260 S. lanceola'tum (Cav. icon. 3. p. 23. t. 245.) stem
shrubby, tomentose, prickly at the base ; branches clothed with
hoary tomentum ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, quite entire, clothed
with canescent down on both surfaces, unarmed : louer ones
sinuate ; racemes cymose, lateral, almost terminal ; calycine
segments subulate ; corolla semiquinquefid, .angularly plicate.
Ij.G. Native of Mexico. Dun. sol. p. 200. syn. p. 34.
Pseudocapsicum lancifolium, Mocnch. meth. suppl. p. 180.
Down and hairs stellate. Leaves greenish above. Corolla
pale blue. Berry globose, 4-celled, size of a chick pea, orange-
yellow.
Lanceolate-\ea.\eA Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. i 800.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
261 S. GLUTiNosuM (Dun. syn. p. 35. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 54.)
stem shrubby, erect, sparingly prickly ; leaves oblong-lanci-o-
late, cordate at the base, acute, tomentose, clammy and soft on
both surfaces ; racemes cymose, lateral, clammy. Ij . S. Na-
430
S0LANACE;E. I. Solanum.
tive country unknown. Prickles straight, acerose ; hairs stel-
late and glandular at apex ; the leaves, peduncles, and calyxes
clothed with similar hairs ; the upper parts of the branches
clammy. Leaves undulated, quite entire, or sinuated, yellowish
on both surfaces, prickly on the midrib beneath. The hairs on
the petioles, peduncles, nerves of leaves, and calyxes, are
clammy, and of a rusty-yellow colour. Flowers pentamerous.
Calycine segments oblong, acute. Corolla blue, with the star
in die centre villous ; lobes mucronate. Berry globose, size of
a cherry, 4-celled, yellow.
CTrtTOrtT/ Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub 3
to 5 feet.
262 S. FOBMOsuM (Dun. syn. p. 35. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 127.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 44.) stem shrubby, very
prickly, hairy ; leaves rather cordate, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, clothed with woolly tomentum, almost unarmed ; racemes
lateral, many-flowered, very hairy. '^ . S. Native on the
banks of the Orinoco, in woods near Maypures. Branches very
hairy. Prickles straight, acerose. Hairs rufescent, stellate
and simple, intermixed. Leaves sinuately-repand, undulated,
unarmed, of a pale rufescent colour beneath, and greenish-yel-
low above. Calyx 5-parted, clothed with pale rusty hairs.
Corolla large, plicate, 5-angled, violaceous, with a star in the
centre, which is woolly outside. Stigma capitate.
S/iotvi/ Nightshade. Shrub.
2C3 S. Brownii (Dun. sol. p. 201. syn. p. 35.) stem shrub-
by ; prickles straight, subacerose ; leaves entire or repand, long-
lanceolate, almost unarmed, rather scabrous above, but clothed
with grey tomentum beneath ; corymbs lateral, subumbellate,
on short peduncles, simple ; corolla 3 times as long as the calyx.
h • G. Native of New South Wales, within the tropic. S, vio-
lactum, R. Br. prod. p. 446. Leaves often twin. Calyx of a
greyisii-purple colour, with long subulate segments. Corolla
violaceous.
£ron'n's Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2
to 4 feet.
264 S. e'legans (Dun. syn. p. 35. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 58.)
stem tomentose, prickly ; leaves oblong, acuminated, tomentose
on both surfaces, prickly, sinuately repand, whitish-yellow be-
neath ; racemes simple, tomentose, prickly. Tj . G. Native of
New Holland. This species differs from S. Brownii in the
stem, leaves, racemes, and calyxes, being prickly. Prickly,
small, acute, straight, yellow at the base, and brown at top,
tomentose, like the rest of the plant. Leaves often twin,
prickly on the middle nerve beneatli. Calyx 5-parted ; with
subulate segments, greyish-brown, afterwards bluish. Corolla
violaceous. Style incurved.
Elegant Nightshade. Shrub.
SuBSECT. HL ToRvuM (from torvus, grim or stern ; in allu-
sion to the shrubs bearing prickles.) Prickly shrubs. Leaves
entire, sinuated, or lohed. Flowers corymbose, or panicled. An-
thers equal.
265 S. gigante'um (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 125. icon. rar. 2. t.
328.) stem shrubby ; prickles tomentose at the base ; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, unarmed, entire, glabrous above, but
clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; racemes dichotomous,
cyniose, lateral, many-flowered, clothed with white tomentum.
^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dun. sol. p. 202.
syn. p. 36. Sims, bot. mag. 1921. S. niveum, Vahl, symb. 2.
p. 41. Thunb. prod. p. 36. S. papilionaceum, Dumont de
Courset. bot. cult, suppl. p. 153. ? S. farinosum, Wall, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 255. S. argenteum, Heyne, herb. The
whole plant is clothed with mealy tomentum, except the upper
surfaces of the leaves. In the axils of the leaves, which are
large, rise other small ones. Pedicels pendulous when bearing
the flowers. Calyx small, at first 5-toothed, but afterwards 5-
cleft. Corolla purplish-violet, small, deeply 5-cleft. Berry
roundish, red, shining, size of a pea.
P'ar. ft ? stem unarmed ? leaves thinner, and on longer peti-
oles ; tomentum finer, and more hoary ; calyx deeply divided.
Ij . S. Native of Dindygul, in the East Indies. Nees, in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 47. S. farinosum. Wall. cat. no. 2610. b.
Far. y? leaves nearly a foot long, and 4 inches broad, form
of those of the var. ft, as well as the tomentum. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Neelgherry mountains. Nees, 1. c. S. farinosum.
Wall. cat. no. 2510. c.
Giflji/ Nightshade. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1792. Tree 10 to
15 feet.
266 S. TORVUM (Swartz, prod. p. 47. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 456.)
stem shrubby ; prickles recurved, tomentose at the base ; leaves
twin, suhcordate., ovate, sinuated and lobed, or angular, tomen-
tose, having the midrib prickly ; peduncles extra-foliaceous, co-
rymbose, many-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, unarm-
ed ; segments ovate, acuminated. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica ;
Hispaniola ; Cuba ; Bermudas ; and in many parts of the East
Indies, in hedges. In Cuba it is called Pendejera. Dun. sol.
p. 203. t. 23. syn. p. 36. exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. S. I'n-
dicum, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 187. S. stramonifolium. Ait. hort.
kew. 1. p. 252.? Lam. ill. no. 2365. exclusive of the syn. of
Jacq. Poir. diet. 4. p. 300. exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. S.
ficifolium, Ort. dec. 9. p. 1)6. S. acanthifolium, Desf. hort.
par. ex Lam. S. scabrum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 39. t.
175. f. a. S. pseiidosaponaceum, Blum, bijdr. p. 702. — Plukn.
aim. p. 350. t. 225. f. 6. ? Stern tomentose, branched, armed
with a few prickles. Tomentum or down stellate, pale yellow
or rusty. Leaves often twin. Prickles tomentose at the base.
Racemes lateral, bifid or trifid, many-flowered ; pedicels cymose.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla white, 5-cleft, marked with a yellow,
shining star in the centre ; segments lanceolate, acute, with un-
dulated edges. Anthers yellow. Style in the sterile flowers
length of filaments ; in the fertile flowers longer than the an-
thers. Berry globose, green, 4-celled, size of a chick-pea.
This species is nearly allied to S. I'ndicum ; but differs from it
in the leaves being hardly prickly ; in the racemes being multi-
fid ; and in the peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes, being un-
armed.
Far. ft ; unarmed ; leaves repand. Ij . S. Native of the
East Indies. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 54. S. Silanum, Ham.
herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2627. D. S. multiflorum. Roth, nov.
spec. p. 130.
Grim Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6
feet.
267 S. FERRUGiNEUM (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 46. t. 334.)
stem shrubby ; prickles glabrous ; leaves ovate, lobed or sinu-
ated, prickly on the midrib and petioles beneath, acute, tomen-
tose ; racemes corymbose. ^ . .S. Native country unknown.
Willd. enum. 1. p. 239. Dun. syn. p. 36. sol. ed. 2d. ined.
Young leaves and branches clothed with rusty tomentum. Co-
rolla pale blue or white. Nearly allied to S. torvum, but differs
in the racemes being shorter and fewer-flowered. Tomentum
rusty, stellate. Prickles of the stem glabrous, rarely recurved.
Said by Nees, Lin. trans. 17. p. 53. to be the same as S.
torvum.
Rusty Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 to
6 feet.
268 S. Hernande^sii (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Dun. syn. p. 36. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 59.) stem shrubby, prickly,
tomentose ; leaves twin, deeply sinuated, acute, tomentose ; ra-
cemes lateral ; pedicels umbellate ; berry 6-celled. Tj . G. Na-
tive of Mexico. Prickles few, recurved. Leaves ovate-oblong,
suhcordate. Petioles and peduncles prickly. Calyx villous,
1
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
431
with deep, acute segments. Corolla white, with ovate-oblong,
bluntish segments. Berry globose.
Hernandez's Nightshade. Shrub.
269 S. tricuspida'tum (Rich. herb, ex Dun. syn. p. 36. sol.
ed. 2d. incd. t. 60.) stem shrubby, sometimes prickly ; leaves
sinuately angular at top, acute, scabrous above, and tomentose
beneath, and rather prickly on the midrib beneath ; cymes sim-
ple, tomentose. ^ . S. Native of Guiana. Poir. suppl. 3.
p. 771. Branches tomentose, rusty at top. Leaves large,
ovate-oblong, on long petioles, subcordate. Hairs and tomentum
stellate. Calycine segments 5, acute. Corolla large, deeply 5-
cleft. It differs from S. torvum in the form of the leaves, and
simple racemes.
Tricuspidate-leayed Nightshade. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
270 S. Macca'i (Rich. herb, ex Dun. syn. p. 37. sol. ed. 2d.
t. 61.) stem shrubby, hardly prickly ; leaves subcordate at the
base, sinuately lobed, canescent beneath : sinuses rounded ;
lobes sinuately angular; cymes simple. Ij . S. Native of
Cayenne. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 771. Maccai, Merian, surin. t. 6.
Brandies white, powdery. Prickles straight. Leaves on long
petioles, broad, furnished with a few prickles on the midrib be-
neath, beset with distant, stellate pili above. Peduncles, pedi-
cels, calyxes, and under surfaces of leaves tomentose. Inflores-
cence and flowers similar to those of S. tricuspidatum. Berry
red, globose, edible.
Maccai Nightshade. Shrub 4 to 6 feet ?
271 S. ovALiFOLiUM (Dun. syn. p. 37. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
) 28.) stem shrubby, prickly ; branches villously tomentose, un-
armed ; leaves obovate-elliptic, acute, rounded at the base, and
almost unarmed, clothed with stellate tomentum beneath ; ra-
cemes lateral, subdichotomous, short, and are, as well as the ca-
lyxes, unarmed, Ij • S- Native of New Granada, in the valley
of the Magdalena, near Honda. Leaves repand, and somewha't
undulated, furnished with 1 or 2 straight prickles on the mid-
rib beneath, 3-4 inches long. Racemes, outside of calyxes and
corollas clothed with white, stellate tomentum. Calyx 5-parted ;
segments obovate, acute. Segments of corolla oblong, linear,
acute.
Oval-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
272 S. HfspiDUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 228. Dun. sol. p. 204.
syn. p. 37.) stem shrubby, prickly, very hairy ; leaves lobed,
acuminated ; racemes lateral, dichotomous, unarmed. Ij . S.
Native of Peru, among rubbish at Pillao and Panao, where it is
called Campucasa and Huircacasa. Plant beset with stellate,
rusty hairs all over. Some of the superior leaves are ovate, and
quite entire, acute, and a few are repand ; the rest are cordate,
7-11 -lobed: lobes acutish, a span long, very hairy. Racemes
axillary and terminal, many-flowered. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
white, clothed with rusty, stellate tomentum outside, somewhat
5-parted. Berry globose, yellowish.
Hispid Nightshade. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
273 S. lana'tum (Dun. sol. p. 305. syn. p. 37.) stem prickly,
arboreous; leaves oblong, solitary or twin; corymbs rameal,
subdichotomous. I7 . S. Native of Peru, at Huassanassi. S.
asperum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 229. but not of Vahl. S. aspero-
lanatum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 39. t. 174. f. b. Shrub
clothed with rough, stellate, rusty wool. Leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, angular, shining. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla white, woolly
outside. Berry yellow, about the size of a filbert.
Woolly Nightshade. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
274 S. panicula'tum (Lin. spec. 267.) stem and petioles
prickly ; leaves sinuately angular, glabrous above ; flowers pa-
nicled, terminal. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, and the West India
Islands, where it is called Croc de Chicn by the French. Aubl.
guian. 1. p. 210. Dun. sol. p. 203. syn. p. 37. Stems and
petioles clothed with white tomentum. Prickles few, straight,
naked. Leaves tomentose, broad, cordate, unarmed, glabrous
above. Panicles terminal, compound, tomentose, and are, as
well as the calyxes, unarmed.
Panicled-^owexeA Nightshade. Shrub.
275 S. AcuTiLOBUM (Duu. syn. p. 37. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
63.) branches almost unarmed, clothed with powdery tomen-
tum ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, sinuately angular, clothed '
with powdery tomentum on both surfaces ; racemes cymose,
almost terminal. ^ . S. Native of Para, in Brazil. Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 772. Nearly allied to S. pauiculttlum ; but differs
from it in the leaves being clothed with powdery tomentum.
Branches almost unarmed ; prickles few, small, and acute. To-
mentum yellowish, stellate. Leaves greenisii-yeliow above, and
whitish beneath. Racemes multifid, tomentose, as well as the
calyxes. Corollas large.
Acute-lobed-\eaved Nightshade. Shrub.
276 S. a'lbidum (Dun. sol. p. 206. syn. p. 37.) stem arbo-
reous, prickly ; leaves sinuated : lower ones lobed, hoary be-
neath ; racemes axillary, many-flowered, subcorymbose. f; . S.
Native of Peru, among broken rocks on the edges of torrents;
at Huanuco, Acomayo, Chulquillo, and Camuha, where it is
called by the inhabitants Yurahuacta and Yurahusa. S. inca-
num, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 40. t. 175. f. b. but not of Lin.
spec. ed. 1st. Young leaves 7-9-lobed : adult ones sinuated,
glabrous above. Racemes tomentose. Calyx small. Corolla
white. Berry globose, small, yellow, sometimes black.
Whllish Nightshade. Shrub 20 feet.
277 S. sapona'ceum (Dun. sol. p. 206. syn. p. 37.) steiu
shrubby, prickly ; leaves sinuately angular, scabrous ; corymbs
lateral, dichotomous ; flowers secund. Ij . G. Native of Peru
and Chili, in waste places. S. scabrum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per.
2. p. 39. t. 175. f. a. but not of Vahl. In Peru the plant is
called Casiamuru. Prickles few, remote, straight, fulvescent.
Loaves solitary, but sometimes twin, beset with small stellate
hairs on both surfaces. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla bluish-
violet, with acute segments. Berry orange-yellow, size of a
chick pea. Said by Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 54. to be the
same as <S'. lorvum, Swartz. The .V. snponaceum. Hook. bot.
mag. t. 2697. is <S'. dealbatum, Lindl.
Soapy Nightshade. Fl. Julv. Clt. 1825. Shrub 4 to G
feet.
278 S. platypiiy'llum (Dun. syn. p. 38. sol. ed. 2d. ined.
t. 130.) suffruticose ; branches prickly? leaves broad-oblong,
sinuately lobed, rounded at the base, beset with stellate pili on
both surfaces, prickly on the midrib beneath ; flowers racemose ;
pedicels and calyxes unarmed, and are, as well as the corollas,
clothed with fuscous tomentum. Ij . S. Native in woods on
the banks of the Orinoco, between the confluence of the Meta
and the Cataract of Maypures. S. undecimangulare, Willd.
rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. (i69. Leaves purplish
beneath, ex Bonpl., 7-8 inches long, and 5-6 broad. Flowers
unilateral. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute. Corolla violaceous,
white inside ; segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. Perhaps
only a var. of S. saponaceum.
Broad-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
279 S. Vailla'nth (Dun. syn. p. 38. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t,
64.) stem glabrous, prickly ; prickles reversed ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, sinuately-lobed, pilose above, scabrous beneath ;
racemes bifid, cymose. Pj . S. Native country unknown. Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 772. This species differs from S, saponaceum in
the characters indicated above ; and in the leaves being beset
with simple hairs on the upper surface, instead of stellate ones ;
and in the flowers being fewer.
Faillant's Nightshade. Shrub.
280 S. procu'mbens (Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 163.)
stem shrubby, procumbent, prickly ; prickles recurved ; leaves
small, twin, on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, repandly lobed,
clothed with stellate tomentum on both surfaces, glaucous.
432
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
j)iickly on tlie midrib ; peduncles lateral and terminal, few-
flowered ; flowers reflexed, qiiadrifid, tetrandrous. ij . S.
Native of Cocliincliina, in fields and hedges. Dun. sol. p. 207.
syn. p. 38. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 58. Habit of S. tri-
lobatum. Corolla small, pale violet, with lanceolate, obtuse seg-
ments. Berry red, size of a pea, smooth, globose.
Procumbent Nightshade. Shrub procumbent.
281 S. Lichtenste'inii (Willd. enuni. 1. p. 239. Dun. sol.
p. 207. syn. p. 38.) stem prickly, shrubby, scandent ; leaves
oblong-cordate, sinuately angular, tomentose, white beneath,
prickly on the middle nerve on both surfaces. Tj . ^. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Fruit size and colour of those
of Capsicum dnnuum. Leaves in the young plants 4 inches long,
green above. Perhaps belonging to a different section.
lAchlenstein s Nightshade. Shrub climbing.
SuBSECT. IV. Melongena (altered from the Arabic name of
the Egg-plant, bydendjan, ex Forsk. p. 63.) Tourn. inst. p.
152. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, sometimes solitary and
1 -Jionered, but usually bijid below ; the loner pedicel rising from
the stem, and bearing a fertile Jloner, drooping after florescence ;
the other ^mrt of the peduncle bearing many usually sterile
flowers ; in the fertile Jlomer the calyx is prickly, and increasing
after florescence ; and the style is longer than the anthers; in
the sterile flower the calyx is unarmed, or hardly at all prickly,
and the style is as long as the flaments. Corollas quinquefld,
undulalely plicate. Berry 2-3-celled ; placentas 2-3, convexo-
concave, fixed to the axis on both sides of dissepiment of the
intermediate longitudinal lamina. Leaves sinuated, angular, or
lohed.
282 S. Meionge'na (Lin. syst. ]. p. 188. Wall. cat. no.
2628. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 48.) herbaceous, woody at
the base, perennial, clothed with stellate tomcntum ; leaves
ovate, imequal at the base, angularly sinuated ; flowering pedun-
cles reflexed; fertile peduncle solitary: sterile one racemose;
calyx campanulate, with linear-lanceolate segments ; corolla an-
gular. Q.S. Native of the East Lidies, and Arabia? Leaves ca-
nescent from stellate tomentum, but most so beneath. Calyx
6-9-cleft. Corolla large, violaceous, 6-9-cleft, marked by a
yellow star inside, tomentose outside ; segments broad, acute.
Stigma 4-5-cleft. Berry large, smooth, shining, shape of an
egg, blunt and umbilicate at apex, white ; cells vanished ; pla-
centas fleshy, white, as well as the seedsj which are small and
compressed.
Var. a, ovigerum ; stem, leaves, and calyxes unarmed, or almost
so. Q.S. S. ovigerum. Dun. sol. 210. Blum, bijdr. p. 698.
S. melongena, Lin. syst. 1. p. 188. Murr. syst. 1. p. 183.
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 248. Lour. coch. 1. p. 161. S. pseudo-
undktum, Blum, bijdr. 699. S. pubescens. Herb. madr. ex
Wall. cat. S. melongena, var. ovigera. Lam. ill. no. 2348.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 221. Melongena ovata. Mill. diet. no. 1.
Melongena Blackw. t. 549. Lob. icon. 1. p. 2688. Chun-
da, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 69. t. 37. — Mor. hist. sect. 13. t. 2.
Melongena A'rabum, Chab. 524. with a figure. Mala in-
sana, Ger. hist. 345. with a figure, &c. Plante a oeuf of
the French ; Mad-apple of the English. There are several
sub-varieties of this, differing principally in the colour of
the fruit. 1. Berries violaceous. Melongena fructu oblongo
violaceo, Tourn. inst. p. 151. 2. Berries white. Melongena
fructu oblongo albo, Tourn. I. c. 3. Berries yellow. Melon-
gena fructu oblongo luteo, Tourn. 1. c. 4. Berries of a beau-
tiful red colour. Melongena fructu oblongo suav^ rubente,
Tourn. I. c.
Far. ft, esculenluni ; stem, leaves, and calyxes, more or less
prickly. Q.S. S. esculentum, Dun. sol. p. 208. S. Melon-
gena, Lin. spec. p. 266. Lour. coch. 1. p. 161. Plenk. off. t.
123. S. insanum, Lin. mant. p. 46. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1047.
Moench, meth. 474. Nila Barudena, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 147.
t. 74. Plukn. aim. p. 550. t. 220. f. 3. Trongum hortense,
Rumph. amb. 5. t. 85. Fockii is the name in Java. Auber-
gene, Melongene, Mayenne, Verangeane of the French ; Egg-
plant of the English. There are several varieties of this, differ-
ing in the colour, and shape, and size of the fruit. 1. Berries
white. Trongum puti, Rumph. 2. Berry oblong-terete, viola-
ceous. Melongena fructu oblongo violaceo, Sabb. hort. rom. p.
13. t. 65. exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. Melongena fructu
tereti violaceo, Tourn. inst. p. 152.? Melanzana, Besl. hort.
eyst. ord. 1. f. 1. fol. 3. Melongene, Lab. voy. en. espag. t. 5.
p. 165. ex Berg. mat. nied. 1. p. 142. Aubergine, Regn. hot,
icon. t. 56. Trongum mera, Rumph. 3. Berries oblong-terete,
recurved at top, purple, yellow, or cinereous. Melongena
fructu incurvo, Tourn. inst. p. 152. Sol. pomiferum, fructu
incurvo, Plukn. aim. p. 350. phyt. t. 226. f. 2. Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 316. icone. Melantzana Arabum ; Melongena et
Bedegian, Rauw. itin. ex C. Bauh. 167. 4. Berries black.
S. pomiferum fructu spinoso nigro, Mor. hist. 3. p. 524. sect.
13. t. 2. f. 2. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 619. icon. Melongena spinosa,
fructu longo nigro, Tourn. inst. p. 152. ? Melongena spinosa,
fructu rotundo nigro, Tourn. 1. c. — Plukn. aim. 350. phyt. t.
226. f 3. Melanzana nigra, Rauw. itin. ex C. Bauh. 1. c. et
Mor. hist. 1. c. 5. Berries round. Melongena fructu rotundo,
Tourn. inst. 1. c. The egg-plant, Melongene in French, Tol-
lapfel in German, and Malanzana in Italian. The berries are
large, oval, and generally white in colour, much resembling a
ben's egg, and in large specimens that of a swan. In French
and Italian cookery it is used in stews and soups, and for the
general purposes of the Love-apple or Tomato. The following
varieties are cultivated for culinary purposes. 1. The oval-
shaped white. 2. The globular-shaped white, and the purple
or violet-coloured of both forms. In cultivating the plants for
use, they should be reared on a hot-bed in light rich earth.
After they have grown two or three proper leaves, they may
either be pricked out into another hot-bed, or planted in small
pots, to be shifted in rotation till in size no. 16. in which they
will produce their fruit. If the plants instead of being shifted
into fruiting pots are planted against a wall, or in a warm bor-
der in June, they will fruit in the open air, if the season is not
unusually wet and cold.
Melongene Egg-plant, Mad-apple, and Jews'-apple. Fl.
June, July. Clt. 1597. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
283 S. inca'num (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 188. Dun. sol. p.
213. but not of Ruiz, et Pav.) all as in S. melongena, except
that the fertile peduncles are racemosely corymbose, S-4-flow-
ered: stem, leaves, and calyxes prickly ; fruit smaller, ovate or
subglobose, and more inclosed in the calyx. ©. S. Native of
the East Lidies, everywhere ; Mauritius, &-c. S. incanum,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 249. exclusive of the syn. of Rumph. S.
undatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 301. Blum, bijdr. p. 700. S. Zey-
lanicum. Scop. del. 1. t. 1. S. I'ndicum, Wall. cat. no. 2626.
S. incanum Zeylanicum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 226. ? — Boerh. lugdb.
2. p. 69. Plant clothed with canescent tomentum. Corolla
bluish-violet. Berry roundish, yellow or white, egg-shaped.
Far. ft; flowers 6-7-cleft. ©• S. Native of the Mauritius.
S. argyracantha, Dum. Courset. bot. cult. ed. 2d. vol. 3. p. 162.
S. marginatum argyracantha, Pers. ench. 1. p. 228.
i/ofljy Egg-plant. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
284 S. heteraca'nthum (Dun. syn. p. 39. sol. ed. 2d. ined.
t. 65. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 51.) herbaceous, woody at the
base, perennial, clothed with stellate hairs ; prickles of the
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANiM.
43.3
stem, wliicli is angular, thick and liookcd ; leaves oval, sinuated,
lioary beneath, furnished with strong straight prickles on both
surfaces; segments of the leaves angular; jieduncles corym-
bose, niany-flowercd, with one fertile flower at the base ;
calyx a little increased after florescence ; corolla quinquefid :
with oblong-lanceolate segments. Q. S. Native of the East
Indies, and Africa. ? This species differs from S. Melongeiia,
which it is very like, in the strong, recurved, more crowded
prickles of the stem, and in the leaves being more deeply sinu-
ated, having the lobes angular on both sides, and in the corolla
being 5-cleft to the middle.
Varlahle-spined Egg-plant. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
285 S. MELANOXYLUM (Link, enum. 1 . p. 188.) leaves cordate-
oblong, rather unequal at the base, sinuated, prickly, tomentose,
green above, and canescent beneath. ©. H. Native country
unknown. Prickles fuscescent. Peduncles axillary, solitary.
Calyx tomentose, prickly, with obtuse segments. Corolla vio-
laceous, 6-parted. Anthers separate.
Black-nooded Egg-^\ant. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1821. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
286 S. fusca'tum (Lin. spec. 268.) stem shrubby ; leaves
ovate-oblong, sinuately lobed, obtuse, rather tomentose ; pedun-
cles lateral, bifid at the base ; berries globose. Ij . S. Na-
tive of tropical America. Dun. sol. p. 212. syn. p. 29. S.
Campechiense, /J, fuscatum, Lin. mant. 340. Branches prickly,
fuscescent on the side towards the sun, beset with short, scat-
tered, stellate hairs. Leaves prickly on both surfaces, rather
roughish above, but tomentose beneath. Prickles recurved.
Calyx prickly in the fertile flowers, but unarmed in the sterile
flowers, 5-cleft. Corolla pale violet. Berry variegated with
white and green, sometimes yellow.
Var. a, violaceum ; prickles violaceous. Tourn. inst. p. 149.
Tar. p, litleum ; prickles yellow, or greenish white. ©.
S. fuscatum, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 51. icon. rar. t. 42. Melongena
fructu rotundo, cum spinis ex albo virentibus, Tourn. inst. p.
152.?
Fuscous Egg-plant. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
287 S. Sodo'meum (Lin. spec. 268.) stem shrubby, diffuse ;
prickles straight, dilated at the base ; leaves oblong, sinuately-
pinnatifid, shining above, and rather scabrous and prickly
on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes ; lobes of leaves
obtuse, angular, or sinuated; peduncles bifid. ©.? 1;.? G.
Native of the North of Africa, and South of Europe, from
which it has been probably introduced to New Holland, Cape of
Good Hope, and Brazil. Lam. ill. no. 2358. t. 115. f. 1. R.
Br. prod. p. 446. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 235. Thunb.
prod. 1. p. 37. S. Hermanni, Dun. sol. p. 212. t. 2. /3. —
Munt. phyt. cur. f. 212. good. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 13. t. 1. f.
15.— Herm. lugdb. p. 573. t. 575. — Pluk. aim. 351. phyt. t.
226. f. 5. — Sabb. hort, rom. 2. p. 12. t. 57. Solanastrum,
Heist. Fabr. Helnist. p. 348, ex Willd. — Tourn. inst. 249.
Stem and branches usually fuscous, or- purplish ; branches beset
with minute stellate hairs at top. Leaves deep green. Prickles
yellow, subulate, brown at the base. Calyx prickly in the
fertile flowers, and unarmed in the sterile ones. Corolla purple,
5-cleft. Berry size of a walnut, globose, variegated with
white and green, at length yellow.
Sodom Egg-plant, or Apple of Sodom. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1688. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
288 S. I'ndicum (Lin. spec. 268.) shrubby, prickly; prickles
of the stem compressed, recurved ; leaves solitary, or twin,
oblong, or ovate, tomentose, discoloured, sinuately lobed, or
pinnatifid, unequal at the base ; racemes interfoliaceous, sub-
cymose ; calyx prickly, with straight, linear, reflexed seg-
VOL, IV.
ments ; berries globose ; corolla quinquefid. ij . S. Native
of Barbadoes. Dun. sol. p. 228. syn. p. 40. — Dill, eltli.
362. t. 270. f. 349.— Rob. t. 28. Tourn. inst. p. 149. exclu-
sive of the syn. of Mor. — Plukn. aim. 350. phyt. t. 225. f.
9. — Runiph. anib. 5. p. 240. t. 86. f. 1.? Leaves prickly on
both surfaces, green above, and paler beneath. Down stellate.
Prickles straight ; those of the stem shorter, and brown ; and
those of the leaves pale green. Peduncles lateral, simple, 5-6-
flowered. Corolla large, bluish-purple, undulated, semi-5-cleft,
somewhat pentagonal. Berry pear-shaped. ? This species is
said to differ from iS'. Carolmie7i.se in the leaves being more
deeply sinuated, in the segments being sinuately-toothed, in the
racemes being shorter, and in the calycine segments being re-
flexed, and in the corollas being larger.
Far. a ; leaves cuneiform, or truncate at the base, sinuately
lobed. P; . S. Native of Silhet and Sirinagur, Penang, &c.
S. I'ndicum, Lin. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 252. ex Nees in Lin. trans.
17. p. 55. S. violaceum, Jacq. fragm. p. 82. t. 133. f. 1. Dun.
sol. p. 128. S. canescens, Blum, bijdr. p. 701. S. Sodomeum,
Russel, herb. Cheru-chunda, Rheed. mal. 2. t. 36.
Var. /3 ; leaves truncate at the base, or cuneate, erosely pinna-
tifid. It. S. Native of Penang and Bengal. Nees, 1. c. S.
pinnatifidum, Roth, nov. spec. 129. S. H^ynei, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 669. S. I'ndicum, Wall. cat. no. 265:6.
D. E.
Var. y; leaves smaller, cordate at the base, sinuately lobed.
Tj • S. Native of the East Indies. Nees, 1. c. S. agreste,
Roth. nov. spec. 130. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 55. S.
I'ndicum, Wall. cat. no. 2G26. G. suppl. no. 240.
Var. 0 ; leaves smaller, truncate, or subcordate at the base,
repandly angular ; stem sparingly prickly ; racemes usually
1-4-fiowered. h . S. Native of the East Indies. Nees, 1. c.
S. pubescens, Heyne, herb. Wall. cat. no. 2629. hort.
/nrfmn Egg-plant. Fl. July. Clt. 1732. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
289 S. coa'gulans (Forsk. fl. segypt. arab. p. 47. Vahl.
symb. 2. p. 41.) stem shrubby; leaves ovate-oblong, sinuately
repand, rather tomentose, whitish beneath, prickly on the middle
nerve beneath ; prickles smoothish. I; . G. Native of Arabia,
Felix, where it is called Beikaman. Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 4. p.
S5. t. 469. Delile, descr. p. 63. t. 23. f. 1. Dun. sol. p. 214.
t. 2. Stem sparingly prickly, clothed with white tomentum at
top. Leaves clothed with short stellate tomentum, greenish
above : lobes obtuse. Prickles straight, or a little recurved,
subulate at first, rather tomentose, but at length smoothish.
Peduncles bifid, tomentose. Flowers as in S. Sodomeum. Berry
roundish, ovate, yellow at maturity.
Curdling Egg-plant. Fl. July. Clt. 1802. Shrub 3 to 4
feet.
290 S. Sa'nctum (Lin. spec. 269.) stem shrubby, tomentose ;
leaves ovate, repand, oblique at the base, clothed with hoary
tomentum on both surfaces ; prickles rather tomentose ; berries
nearly globose. fj . S. Native of Palestine. Vahl, symb. 2.
p. 49. Dun. sol. p. 215. syn. p. 40. S. incanum, Forsk. fl.
ffigypt. arab. p. 46, but not of Lin. S. coccineum, Hort. par.
Melongena spinosa, fructu rotundo croceo, Tourn. inst. p. 152.
Pomum de Hiericho melongenis congener, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 619.
with a bad figure. Poma Hierachiintica, Imp. p. 878, with a
bad figure. Every part of the plant is clothed with white, short,
stellate tomentum, the prickles also. Leaves sinuately repand,
obtuse, or acute, obliquely cordate at the base. Prickles com-
pressed, broad at the base, subulate at apex, at length glabrous.
Petioles prickly beneath. Racemes and flowers as in S. codgu-
lans.
//o/y Egg-plant. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 feet.
291 S. DU^BIUM (Fres. pi. segypt. p. 166.) prickly, and
3 K
434
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
clothed with stellate tomentum ; stem shrubby ; leaves ovate-
oblong, unequally cordate at the base, sinuately repand, prickly ;
prickles acicular, very straight ; peduncles 3-5-flowered ; calyx
almost unarmed, clothed with stellate tomentum. I7 . G. Na-
tive of Egypt. Very nearly allied to S. sanctum, and S. in-
canum.
Doubtful Nightshade. Shrub.
292 S. Conge'nse (Link. enum. 1. p. 137.) stem tomentose,
furnished with straight prickles ; leaves ovate, sinuated, prickly,
tomentose ; peduncles lateral, very short, many-flowered ; calyx
tomentose, with oval, obtuse segments ; corolla deeply 5-parted.
Ij . S. Native of Africa, on the banks of the Congo, or Zaire
river. Prickles broad at the base, those on the nerves of the
leaves long, and straight. Corolla blue, downy outside. Anthers
separated, equal.
Congo Egg-plant. FI. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
293 S. Vb'lleum (Swartz. in litt. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 643.) stem shrubby, prickly; leaves ovate, acute, quite
entn-e, unarmed on botli surlaces, clothed with woolly tomentum,
reticulated beneath ; racemes dicliotomous, flexuous. T^ . S.
Native of tropical America. Prickles straight, scattered.
Branchlets tomentose. Leaves opposite, one smaller than the
other, rusty, 2-3 inches long. Racemes terminal from the divi-
sions of the branches, very long, tomentose, many-flowered.
Flowers crowded, nearly sessile. Calyx tomentose. Corolla
blue, tomentose outside, with obtuse segments. Stigma obtuse.
Woolbj Egg-plant. Shrub.
294 S. margina'tum (Lin. suppl. p. 147. Murr. comm.
goett. 1783. p. 11. t. 4. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 50. icon. rar. 1. t. 45.)
stem shrubby ; leaves subcordate, sinuately lobed, clothed with
hoary powdery tomentum beneath, margined with white above ;
berry 3-celled, globose. Ij . G. Native of Palestine. Dun.
sol. "p. 215. t. 3. A. syn. p. 40. Sims. bot. mag. 1928. S.
niveum, Allioni, auct. misc. and S. Abyssinicum, Jacq. hort.
vind. ex Vittm. summ. p. 492. Stem prickly, tomentose at
top, as well as the branches ; tomentum powdery. Leaves
sinuately repand, obtuse, prickly on both sides, when young
white on botii surfaces, but green above in the adult state.
Prickles straight, subulate, yellow, fuscous at the base. Pe-
tioles, pedimcles, pedicels, outsides of calyxes, and corollas
clothed with white tomentum. Calyx 5-6-cleft. Corolla 5-6-
cleft, large, white, marked by a purple star in the centre. Berry
large, 3-celled, globose, yellow, drooping, ex Poir.
White-edgedAeaveA Egg-plant. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1775.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
295 S. Campechie'nse (Lin. spec. 267.) stem herbaceous,
very prickly, hairy ; leaves cordate-oblong, lobed : lobes tooth-
ed ; calyxes of the fertile flowers very prickly ; berries cherry
shaped. G- H. Native of the Bay of Campeachy, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1059, exclusive of the syn. Lin. mant. Dun. sol. p.
216. S. acanthifohum. Mill. diet, no 14. — Dill. elth. p. 316. t.
268. f. 347. Stem brown on the side next the sun, hairy like
the leaves ; hairs all stellate. Leaves prickly beneath, some-
what 5-lobed, green above, and greenish white beneath. Prickles
straight, whitish, yellowish, or brown. Peduncles, pedicels, and
fertile calyxes hairy, and very prickly. Corolla hairy outside,
l)ale violet, 5-cleft. Berry form and size of a cherry, whitish
when ripe.
Campeachy Egg-plant. Fl. July. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
296 S. TRONGUM (Poir. diet. 4. p. 308. Dun. sol. p. 217.
syn. 40.) stem suflfruticose, prickly ; leaves angularly sinuated,
prickly on both surfaces ; flowers solitary, extra-foliaceous ;
berries globose. ©. ? S. Native of the Moluccas. Trongum
agreste spinosum, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 240. t. 86. f. 1. Root
hard, long. Prickles recurved. Leaves obscure green. Caly.K
prickly. Corolla purple. Berry globose, size of a cherry.
Perhaps only a var. of S. Melongena, ex Nees.
Trongum 'Egg-])\am. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub i
to 1 foot.
297 S. pre'ssum (Dun. sol. p. 217. syn. p. 41.) stem almost
unarmed ; leaves ovate, attenuated at both ends, prickly ; ber-
ries glabrous, nearly globose, flat on the top. ©. ? S. Native
of the Moluccas. Trongum pra rubrum, Rumph. amb. 5. cap.
48. p. 241. t. 86. f. 2. Stem usually dwarf; branches spar-
ingly prickly. Leaves twin, acute, obscure, green, with brown
nerves. Prickles short. Calyx prickly. Corolla white, or
pale red. Berries size of a pigeon's egg, green, marked with
white spots. Perhaps a var. of S. Melongena, ex Nees.
Pressed-irmted. Egg-plant. PI.
298 S. a'lbum (Lour. coch. 1. p. 129.) stem sufFruticose,
almost unarmed ; branches prostrate ; leaves oblong, angular,
sparingly prickly ; peduncles many-flowered ; berries globose.
I7 . G. Native of Cochinchina, where it is called Ca-Co
by the natives; and of Amboyna. Dun. sol. p. 217. syn.
p. 41. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 241. cap. 48. Root extended,
with the smell of a turnip. Leases 9-10 inches long, on long
petioles, powdery, like the branches, petioles, and fruit ; the
powder yellow. Prickles small, short. Peduncles many-flow-
ered, 6-7. Calyx bearded. Corolla white. Anthers yellow.
Berry globose, green, marked with white spots. Perhaps a
var. of «S'. Melongena, ex Nees.
^F/«te-flowered Egg-plant. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
SuBSECT. V. Acanthophora (from aKavdoQ, acanthos, a spine ;
and fopeoi, phoreo, to bear ; the species contained in this section
bear spines.) Dun. sol. p. 218. Stem i^rickhj. Leaves sinu-
ately angular, toothed or j'innatifid, almost glabrous, or villous
from simple, silky tiairs, or tomentose from stellate hairs. Ra-
cemes short, few-flowered. Corollas 5-parted.
§ 1 . Berries glabrous. Leaves smooth, or villous from usually
simple silky hairs.
299 S. ACERIFOLIUM (Duu. syn. p. 41. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
131. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 46.) sufFruticose ;
branches and both sides of leaves prickly, and hispid from pili ;
leaves hastately 3-lobed, cordate, on long petioles ; peduncles
few-flowered ; calyx unarmed. f} . S. Native of New Anda-
lusia, at the monastery of Caripe. Prickles subulate, straight,
elongated, yellow. Leaves about 4 inches long ; lobes acu-
minated : lateral ones diverging, obsoletely angled outside at
the base : middle one large. Peduncles prickly. Corolla vio-
laceous. Calyx 5-lobed.
Maple-leaved Nightshade. Shrub 8 feet.
300 S. myriaca'nthum (Dun. sol. p. 218. t. 19. syn. p. 41.)
stem very prickly, hairy ; prickles soft, acicular ; leaves cor-
date, sinuately angular, acute, very villous and prickly on both
surfaces. T; . S. Native country unknown. Hairs cinereous.
Prickles straight. Peduncles slender, 2-3-flowered, nearly op-
posite the leaves, almost unarmed. Calycine segments oblong-
subulate, villous outside, with ciliated margins. Corolla pilose
outside, with linear-lanceolate, acute segments. This species
differs from S. aculeatissimum, in the leaves being very villous
and sinuately angidar, not lobed, and in the prickles being
smaller and more slender.
Many-spined lUighuhade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub.
301 S. ACULEATi'ssiMUM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 100. icon. rar. t.
41.) stem shrubby, very prickly; leaves subcordate, lobed,
villous and prickly on both surfaces ; lobes acute, toothed. Fp .
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
435
S. Native of tropical America, and Ceylon. Dun. sol. 219.
syn. p. 41. — Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 38. exclusive of the syn. of Dill,
and Plukn. — Ray. 3. p. 353. Prickles subulate, unequal,
nii.Ked with villi. Peduncles almost unarmed, very short, few-
flowered. Flowers usually abortive. Corolla white, with acute
segments. Berry sjlobose, size of a small cherry, at first spotted
with green and white, but at length pale yellow.
re^?/p;c% Nightshade. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
302 S. PLATANiFOLiuM (Hook. in bot. mag. t. 2618.) stem
hairy, sparingly prickly ; prickles straight ; leaves 5-lobed :
lobes deeply toothed, acute ; peduncles lateral, aggregate, gene-
rally 1 -flowered, drooping; berry variegated. I^ . S. Native
of South America. Corolla deeply 5-cleft, revolute, pale vio-
let, with hairy margins. Stem hairy. Leaves downy. Berry
large, almost globular, beautifully variegated with green and
white. The plant is said to have considerable affinity with
S. Campeckiense and S. aculeatissimum, but differs from both
in being less prickly.
Plane-leaved Nightshade. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2
to 4 feet.
303 S. incabcera'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 40. t. 176.
f. a.) stem prickly, villous, suffruticose ; leaves usually twin,
cordate, sinuately-angular, acuminated, prickly ; flowers secund ;
berry clasped by the segments of the calyx. Pj . S. Native of
Peru, in groves at Chincao. Dun. sol. p. 219. syn. p. 41.
Prickles unequal, broad at the base, and subulate at the apex,
and others filiform, minute. Leaves unequal in size, clothed
with white hairs. Peduncles villous, nearly unarmed; pedicels
cymosely umbellate. Calyx villous, with linear, reflexed seg-
ments. Corolla pale violet. Berry white, oblong, size of a
cherry.
Itwarcerated-trmtei Nightshade. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
304 S. MAMMosuM (Lin. spec. p. 267. Aubl. guian. 1. p.
216.) herbaceous; stem villous, sparingly prickly ; leaves sub-
cordate, lobed, villous, prickly on both surfaces ; berry large,
teated at the base. ©. S. Native of Virginia, Guiana, and
the West Lidia Islands, Cape of Good Hope, ex Thunb. prod.
]. p. 36. fl. cap. 2. p. 58. Dun. sol. p. 220. syn. p. 41.
Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 156. S. villosissimum, Zuccag.
cent. 1. no. 48. Pomum Sodomse Merian, sur. 27. t. 27, ex
Sloane. S. Americanum molle, foliorum nervis et aculeis fla-
vescentibus, fructu mammoso, Tourn. inst. p. 149. — Sloan, hist,
p. 38. t. 12. f. 1.— Plum. mss. t. 4. f. 37.— Plukn. aim. p. 350.
phyt. t. 226. f. 1. The plant is called by the French Pomine a
chauve-souris, Pomme teton, and Poire de Bachclier. Prickles
compressed, yellow, broad at the base, subulate at the apex,
straight, or incurved. Leaves large, the breadth almost equal
to the length ; lobes acute, sinuately-toothed. Peduncles un-
armed, 3-4-flowered, short. Calyx very villous. Corolla vio-
laceous, or blue, with almost linear segments. Anthers corni-
culate. Berry large, yellow, teated, or mammose round the
base, conical.
Tefl^erf-fruited Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1699. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
305 S. acicula're (Swartz. in litt. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 647.) stem prickly, shrubby ; prickles subulately acerose ;
leaves roundish-cordate, repandly acute-angled, prickly on
both surfaces, clothed with stellate hairs above, and tomentum
beneath ; peduncles axillary, terminal, very long, many-flow-
ered. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Prickles straight. Pedun-
cles solitary, length of leaves, pilose, bifid at apex. Flowers
large, blue. Calyx beset with bristly hairs.
^cica^ar-spined Nightshade. Shrub.
306 S. cilia'tum (Lam. ill. no. 2360.) stem herbaceous ;
leaves subcordate, sinuately lobed, ciliated : lobes obtuse ; pe-
duncles short, few-flowered ; corollas 5-parted ; berries globose,
almost dry. ©. H. Native country unknown. Dun. sol. p.
221. t. 18. syn. p. 41. S. ciliare, Willd. enuni. 1. p. 237. S.
capsicoides, Hort. par. ex Lam. This species differs from S.
Campechiensc in the leaves not being toothed, in the hairs beini
simple, in the stem being prickly, not hispid. Corymbs 2-3,
rarely 5-flowered. Flowers white, nutant. Berry smaller than
a walnut, globose, brick coloured. It is distinguished from .5'.
Sodbmeum in the racemes being small, and always 2-3-flowered.
C//;a<e(/-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. U to 2 feet.
307 S. Li'viDUM (Willd. herb, ex Link, enum. 1. p. 188.)
leaves subcordate, sinuately-pinnatifid, rather tomentose above,
but green : tomentose, and canescent beneath ; prickles dilated
at the base. Ij . S. Native country unknown. Branches and
petioles tomentose. Leaves equal, or unequal at the base, fur-
nished with prickles on the nerves. Peduncles 4-5-flowered,
tomentose. Calyx tomentose, and furnished with long prickles.
Corolla white.
Lii-frf Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub.
308 S. barbise'tum (Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 51.) fascicu-
lately hairy ; stem herbaceous, prickly ; prickles straight ;
leaves twin, elliptic, sinuated, rather hairy on both surfaces, and
prickly, having the segments angular ; racemes lateral, simple,
many-flowered, secund, prickly ; berry glabrous, covered by a
bristly calyx, Q.t H. Native of Silhet ; on the banks of
the river Atran, in Martaban, and Tavoy. S. Melongena, Wall,
cat. no. 2628. e. part. Habit of iS'. aculeatissimum, but is easily
distinguished from that species in the racemose inflorescence,
and in the berry being covered by the calyx.
Bristly-bearded Nightshade. PI. ?
§ 2. Leaves villous, or tomentose from usually stellate hairs.
Berries hairy,
309 S. STRAMONiFOLiuM (Jacq. misc. 2. p. 298. icon. rar. 1.
t. 44.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves cordate, sinuated, or
acutely lobed, villous, and prickly on both surfaces ; peduncles
and calyxes unarmed. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Dun.
sol. p. 222. syn. p. 42. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1044. exclusive of
the syn. of Ait. but not of Lam. nor Poir. S. mammosum.
Lour. coch. 1. p. 162. exclusive of the syn. of Burm. Leaves
a foot long, on long petioles, soft, beset with large, straight, and
recurved prickles. Pedicels cymose. Calycine segments small,
roundish. Corolla white, or purplish, with lanceolate segments.
Stigma subcapitate.
Stramonium-leaved Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1778.
Shrub 6 feet.
810 S. flave'scens (Dun. syn. p. 42. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 67.
f. 2.) stem shrubby, prickly, canescent ; leaves cordate, sinu-
ated, obtuse, prickly, and tomentose on both surfaces, yellowish
beneath ; peduncles, calyxes, and bracteas very hairy. Ij . S.
Native of Trinidad. S, ferox, ft, flavescens, Nees in Lin. trans.
17. p. 52. Stem very prickly. Prickles on the leaves long
and strong, and the pili stellate ; but the pili on the pedicels,
calyxes, and berries are simple. Berry yellowish-brown. Seg-
ments of the calyx ovate, acute. Nearly allied to S. lasiocAr-
pum, but differs in the leaves being sinuated, and in the recesses
and lobes being very blunt.
le//o7i';.$A-fruited Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
311 S. fe'rox (Lin. spec. 267. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p.
52.) stem perennial, prickly, herbaceous, woody at the base,
clothed with woolly tomentum ; leaves cordate, sinuately-angu-
lar, clothed with woolly tomentum, and prickly ; peduncles
intrafoliaceous, and arc, as well as the pedicels, short; berry
hairy, covered by the hairy calyx. %. S. Native of the East
3 k2
436
SOLANACEiE. I. Solanum.
Indies. Dun. sol. 223. ed. 2d. ined. t. 68. syn. p. 42. S.
involucratuni, Blum, bijdr. p. 701. S. lasiocarpum, Dun. sol.
p. 222. syn. p. 42. Blum, bijdr. p. 701. Wall, in Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 255. S. hirsiltum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 253. S.
inammosum, Lour. coch. 1. p. 131. — Burm. zeyl. p. 218. —
Mor. hist. 3. p. 525. no. 12. sect. 13. t. 2. f. 12. Anachundri,
Rheed. mal. 2. p. Co. t. 35. There are varieties of this plant
having the calyxes and peduncles more or less prickly ; prickles
small, subulate, sometimes lying under the hairs. Stature of
S. Melonghm. Leaves large, villous above, but tomentose be-
neath, as well as the racemes and calyxes, which are also prickly.
Peduncles axillary, simple, short. Corolla white. Berry yel-
low when ripe.
Fierce Nightshade. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1795. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
312 S. Orinoce'nse (Dun. sol. p. 42. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
132. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. p. 46.) stem herbaceous, very
prickly ; leaves cordate, sinuately angular, tomentose and prickly
on both surfaces ; calyx unarmed ; berries hispid, almost co-
vered by the calyx. H.l S. Native on the banks of the
rivers Orinoco and Atabapo, very frequent. Stem and leaves
clothed with pale yellow, stellate tomentum. Prickles long,
subulate, rather compressed, straight, brown, and rather woolly
at the base, and rusty, or yellow at top. Racemes lateral.
'I'his species differs from S.j'erox, in the stem being very prickly,
in the leaves being tomentose on both surfaces, and in the
racemes being unarmed.
Orinoco Nightshade. PL 2 to 3 feet.
313 S. Wi'ghtii (Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 51.) clothed with
fascicled or stellate hairs ; stem suffruiicose, terete, armed with
acicular prickles ; leaves solitary, subcordately-ovate, or ellip-
tic, sinuated, acute, rather prickly ; fascicles few- flowered ;
peduncles elongated in the fruit-bearing state ; berry glabrous,
globose, covered by the unarmed, hairy calyx. Tj . S. Native
of the East Indies. ? This species differs from S. harhiselum,
and S.firox, in the fruit-bearing pedicels and calycine segments
being more elongated.
WighCs Nightshade. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
f Accmthophoris affinia?
314 S. campanula'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 446. Dun. sol. p.
223.) stem herbaceous; prickles crowded, straight, subulate;
leaves ovate, angularly-lobed, hairy, very prickly on both sur-
faces, as well as the calyxes ; racemes simple, armed ; corollas
campanulatc. O- H. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson.
Campamdate-^owexeA Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1819. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
315 S. ARMARIUM (R. Br. prod. p. 440. Dun. sol. p. 224.
ed. 2d. ined. t. 69.) stem herbaceous, diffuse ; prickles much
crowded, setaceously subulate ; leaves oblong, sinuately pinna-
tifid, glabrous on both surfaces : lobes angular, or sinuated,
prickly, as well as the calyxes; racemes 2-3-flowered ; pedun-
cles solitary. ©.? H. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson. Prickles orange-coloured. Leaves often twin.
Down stellate. Berry globose.
^>-?nef/ Nightshade" Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 feet.
316 S. punge'tium (R. Br. 1. c.) stem herbaceous; prickles
straight, acerose ; leaves ovate-oblong, pinnatifid, or repandly
sinuated, membranous, pilose on both surfaces, and the same
colour, and are, as well as the calyxes, prickly ; peduncles
lateral, solitary, or twin, I -flowered. ©. H. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Dun. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t 70.
Corolla bluish violet. Down stellate.
Pungent Nightshade. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
317 S. cine'reum (R. Br. 1. c. Dun. sol. 1. c.) stem herba-
ceous ; prickles straight, subulately-setaceous ; leaves oblong,
pinnatifidly-sinuated, glabrous above, smooth, but clothed with
cinereous tomentum beneath, and prickly on both surfaces, as
well as on the calyx : peduncles 2-3-flowered. ©. H. Native
of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Cinereous Nightshade. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
318 S. LATiFOLiUM (Poir. diet. 4. p. 303. Dun. sol. p. 231.
ed. 2d. ined. t. 66. syn. p. 43.) stem suffruticose, prickly ;
leaves petiolate, cuneated, ovate, very large, sinuately piimatifid,
pilose and prickly on both surfaces : lobes acute, and the reces-
ses obtuse ; racemes lateral, few-flowered. I^ . S. Native of
tropical America. Nearly allied to S. rigidum, but less rigid,
the stem taller, the leaves larger, and the flowers less terminal.
Stem green, smooth ; branches villous at top. Leaves green,
soft. Prickles stiff, rather villous. Flowers both fertile and
sterile. Calyx villous, sometimes prickly, usually unarmed in
the sterile flowers. Corolla white ; segments ovate, obtuse,
hardly mucronate.
Broad-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
319 S. crini'tum (Lam. ill. no. 2356. Poir. diet. 4. p. 297.)
stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves ovate, sinuately angular, tomen-
tose, prickly on the midrib ; petioles, peduncles, and calyxes
beset with capillary prickles ; berries villous. Ij . S. Native
of Cayenne. Dun. sol. p. 224. ed. 2d. ined. t. 71. syn. p.
43. Stem very villous, and very prickly, some of the prickles
are strong, and others are more numerous and capillary,
usually ending in a 5-6-rayed star. Leaves large, cream-co-
loured, whitish beneath, and furnished with strong prickles, but
almost unarmed above. Flowers disposed almost in a spicate
panicle. Calyx inclosing the fruit. Corolla large, white, villous
beneath, divided even to the middle into ovate, obtuse segments.
Berry ovate.
Long-haired Nightshade. Shrub.
320 S. macra'nthum (Dun. syn. p. 43. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
72.) stem prickly, woolly ; leaves large, subcordate, acumi-
nated, angularly-lobed, woolly on both surfaces, prickly beneath ;
racemes cymose, woolly. Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Down or
wool stellate, greyish brown. Prickles yellowish brown, straight.
Leaves sometimes twin, greyish green above, rufescent beneath,
with red nerves. Racemes simple, or bifid, unarmed, or fur-
nished with a few prickles. Corolla large, with a large star in
the centre, which is silky outside.
Large-Jloivered Nightshade. Shrub.
321 S. sEssiLiFLORUM (Duu. syu. p. 43. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t.
73.) branches tomentose, almost unarmed; leaves subcordate,
large, sinuately angular, clothed with silky tomentum on both
surfaces ; flowers sessile. 1j . S. Native of Para, in Brazil.
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 775. Tomentum rusty. Leaves ciliated,
when young rusty. Flowers 3-4 together. Calyx tomentose
outside. Corolla tomentose outside. Berries eaten in Para,
where they are called Ciibios.
Sessile-Jiowered Nightshade. Shrub.
SuBSECT. VI. Lathyroca'rpum (from Xaflupoc, lathyros,
chick-pea ; and Kaptros, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the size
and shape of the berries.) Stem prickly. Leaves simialed, or
tobed. Racemes simple, or almost so. Corollas quinquejid.
Berries small, globose.
322 S. Mille'ri (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 209. icon. rar. 2. t.
330.) stem suffruticose, prickly ; leaves nearly glabrous, lobed,
bluntish, prickly ; peduncles generally twin, fj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, ex Jacquin ; on the higher moun-
tains of Caramania, ex Ortega. Dun. sol. 225. syn. p. 43.
Lam. ill. no. 2376. Poir. diet. 4. p. 304. exclusive of the
SOLANACE.E. I. SoLANUM.
437
synonynies. S. trilobatum, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 188. S.
trilobatuin, floribus parvis albis, Lin. spec. 270. S. subbiflo-
rum, Orteg. dec. 9. p. 118. S. Scliiiu Schiina, Mill. diet. no. 32.
This species differs from S. trilobatum in the leaves being pin-
natifidly 5-lobed ; in the flowers being much smaller, and white.
Stem shining, glabrous. Cauline prickles a little recurved.
Peduncles 1- flowered, solitary, twin, or tern. Lobes of leaves
repand, obtuse. Berry roundish, glabrous, reddish-yellow,
drooping, size of a pea, ex Jacq. ; but the plant of Miller is
annual, and the berries are red, and size of a pea.
Miller's Nightshade. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1762. Siirub 2
to 3 feet.
323 S. triloba' TUM (Lin. spec. 270.) stem frutescent, scan-
dent, prickly ; prickles hooked ; leaves panduriformly 3-lobed,
or 3-lobed, obtuse, glabrous, and are, as well as the petioles and
peduncles, prickly ; racemes subumbellate, terminal and lateral ;
corollas deeply 5-cleft. 1^ . ^. S. Native of the East Lidies ;
as of Coromandel, Java, &c. ; and of Jamaica, ex Plukn. Dun.
sol. p. 225. Burm. ind. p. 57. t. 22. f. 2. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
253. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 59. S. acetosaefolium. Lam.
ill. no. 2341. Poir. diet. 4. p. 306. Dun. sol. p. 226. S.
fuscum, Heyn. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2622, B. — Plukn. aim.
p. 351. phyt. t. 316. f. 5. Corollas large, white. Berries
small, globose, red, drooping.
T/iree-lobed-\eaved Nightshade. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1759.
Shrub climbing.
324 S. sARMENTosuM (Necs, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 58.) her-
baceous ; stem procumbent, sarmentose, prickly ; leaves gemi-
nately sub-opposite, oblong, repandly sublobed, rather prickly,
clothed witli stellate hairs ; peduncles extra-foliaceous, usually
1 -flowered, prickly, as well as the calyxes ; calyx turbinate, 5-
cleft, with subulate segments. O. ? S. Native of Penang.
S. Melongena, Wall. cat. no. 2628. ? F. Leaves a little cut, and
nearly opposite. It differs from Melongena in the inflorescence
and leaves.
Sarmentose Nightshade. PI. sarmentose.
325 S. rige'scens (Jacq. schocnbr. 1. p. 19. t. 42.) stem
prickly, suffruticose ; leaves sinuately-lobed, rough from fasci-
cles of stellate pili, prickly ; prickles straight ; racemes few-
flowered. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dun. sol.
p. 226. exclusive of the syn. of Lam. and Poir. suppl. p. 44.
S. humile. Lam. ill. no. 2374. Branches rather villous. Leaves
green ; lobes obtuse. Prickles straight, long, subulate, shining,
yellow. Racemes lateral, simple. Pedicels drooping. Pedun-
cles, pedicels, and calyxes, rather tomentose, sometimes unarm-
ed, and sometimes prickly. Corollas violaceous. Berry glo-
bose, size of a pea, glabrous.
*<(j^«// Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2
feet.
326 S. Angui VI (Lam. ill. no. 2375. Poir. diet. 4. p. 30 1.)
stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves ovate, sinuatelv angular, tomen-
tose beneath ; racemes sliort ; calyx unarmed. fj . S. Native
of Madagascar. Dun. sol. p. 227. syn. p. 44. sol. ed. 2d. ined.
t. 74. Berries small, glabrous, red, esculent.
Angidvi Nightshade, or Madagascar Potatoe. Fl. May,
Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
327 S. Cauoline'nse (Lin. spec. 268.) stem prickly, herba-
ceous ; leaves ovate-oblong, tomentose, sinuately lobed, acu-
minated ; racemes simple, loose. T^. H. Native of Carolina;
and on the banks of the Missouri, along the Platte to the moun-
tains. Jacq. coil. 2. p. 287. icon. rar. t. 331. Michx. fl. bor.
atner. 1. p. 150. Dun. sol. p. 2i7. syn. p. 44. but not of Mill,
which is S. Dillenii.~T)\\\. elth. p. 362. t. 269. f. 348. Root
creeping. Stem pale green, beset with stellate pili. Segments
of leaves acutish. Leaves prickly on the midrib above, and on
the principal veins beneath. Prickles straight, subulate, yellow.
Racemes simple, lateral and terminal, elongated. Corolla while
or pale blue. Berry globose, larger than a chick-pea, yellow at
maturity. Calyciiie segments lanceolate, acuminated.
Carolina Nightshade. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
328 S. viola'ceum (Jacq. fragm. p. 82. t. 132. f. 1.) stem
shrubby, prickly ; leaves lobately sinuated, tomentose, unequal
at the base: superior ones twin; racemes nearly simple; calyxes
prickly. H . S. Native of Ceylon, Malabar, China, New South
Wales. Ortega, dec. 5. p. 56. Dun. sol. p. 228. syn. p. 44.
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 743. S. cuneitum, Moench. iDeth. p. 470.
S. Lndicum, Lam. ill. no. 23:i6. Poir. diet. 4. p. 300. exclu-
sive of the syn. of Plukn. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1042. exclusive of
the syn. of Roxb., Dill., and Lin. fl. zeyl. Lour. coch. 1. p.
163. — Burm. thes. zeyl. 220. t. 102. S. fruticosum I'ndicum,
fructu rubro, Tourn. inst. p. 149. Scheru-Scliunda, Rheed.
mal. 2. t. 36. This species differs from S. fndicim in the
leaves ; in the sinuses being obtuse, larger, and less numerous ;
lobes entire, not dentately angular; cauline prickles compressed,
recurved ; calycine segments not reflexed ; corollas smaller ;
berries globose. Leaves green above, and canescent beneath.
Down stellate. Prickles brown at the base, and yellow at toj) ;
those of tlie leaves straiglit, unequal. Racemes few-flowered,
tomentose, prickly, sometimes forked at the base ; the other di-
vision 1-flowered. Corolla pale violet; segments lanceolate,
acute, spreading. Berry copper-coloured, size of a chick-
pea.
?'io/aceoMS-flowered Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
329 S. pvRACA'NTiinji (Lam. ill. no. 2364. Poir. diet. 4. p.
299.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves oblong, narrow, acute,
sinuately piimatifid, tomentose, prickly ; prickles straight, red.
Vl . S. Native of Madagascar. Cav. descr. p. 114. Willd.
cnum. 1. p. 238. Dun. sol. p. 229. syn. p. 44. S. pyracantha,
Smith, exot. hot. 2. p. 9. t. 64. S. runcinatum, Wendl. obs.
p. 43. ex Willd. 1. c. S. pyracanthon, Jacq. schcenbr. 4. p.
36. t. 470. S. spinosissimum, Lodd. cat. ? Young branches
tomentose. Down all stellate. Leaves having the middle nerve
red above ; lobes almost entire, acutish ; recesses obtuse.
Prickles straight, subulate, red. Petioles, peduncles, pedicels,
and calyxes, dotted with white tomentum, prickly. Racemes
simple, many-flowered. Calyx rusty, with ovate-subulate seg-
ments. Corolla bluish-violet, marked by a paler star inside in
the centre, and by a pale green star outside. Berry globose,
yellowish-green, at length fuscous, twice the size of a pea. A
specimen received from Agardh by Schultes, under the name of
S. undfitum, does not differ from S. jiyracanthum, unless in the
prickles being yellow, not red.
Far. l3, inermis (Sims, bot. mag. 2547.) peduncles and ca-
lyxes unarmed. 1; . S. Native of Madagascar.
Fire-spined Nightshade. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1789. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
330 S, Virginia'num (Lin. spec. 267.) stem annual, erect,
prickly ; leaves pinnatifidly sinuated, prickly on both surfaces,
glabrous, with ciliated margins: lobes sinuated, obtuse; racemes
prickly, simple. ©. H. Native of North America, from Vir-
ginia to Carolina. Dun. sol. p. 230. syn. p. 45. but not of
Jacq. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. p. 156. — Dill. elth. p. 350. t. 267.
f. 346.— Plukn. aim. p. 351. phyt. t. 62. f. 3. Tourn. inst. p.
149. Stem ratlier angular. Leaves green. Prickles strong,
subulate, straight, whitish. Racemes 6-7-flowered. Calyx
prickly. Corolla large, violaceous. Berry small, roundish-ob-
long, variegated with white and green before maturity.
Virginian Nightshade. Fl. M,iy, Aug. Clt. 1662. PI. I
to 2 feet.
331 S. Jacqui'ni (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1041.) stem decumbent,
438
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
diffuse, prickly ; leaves sinuately pinnatifitl, prickly on both
surfaces, glabrous, with naked margins ; racemes simple, and
are, as well as the calyxes, prickly. ©. H. Native of the
East Indies. Dun. sol. 231. syn. p. 45. S. Virginianum,
Jacq. icon. rar. t. 332. coll. 2. p. 235. exclusive of the syn. of
Dill. S. diflusum. Wall. cat. no. 2613. S. Jacquini, /J, Nees,
in Lin. trans. 17. p. 57. Kandung Kattiri of the Tamuls.
This species differs from -S". Virginimum in the stem being de-
cumbent, not erect ; and in the margins of the leaves being
naked, not ciliated. Prickles subulate, straight, long, white ;
lobes of leaves acutish, sinuated ; recesses obtuse. Corolla
bluish-purple.
Jacquin's Nightshade. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1804. PI. pro-
cumbent.
332 S. xanthoca'rpum (Schrad. et Wendl. sert. hannov. 1 .
p. S. t. 2.) stem herbaceous, prickly ; lower branches procum-
bent, divaricate ; leaves pinnatifidly ciliated, prickly on both
surfaces, and clothed with stellate down : segments sinuated,
acute, with naked margins ; racemes few-flowered, drooping.
O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, East Indies, and
Mauritius. Dun. sol. p. 231. exclusive of the syn. of Lam.
syn. p. 45. S. diffiisum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 250. S. Jacquini,
var. a, Nees, 1. c. Very like iS'. Jacquini; but differs in the
cauline prickles being fewer ; in the young branches and leaves
being clothed with stellate down. Prickles long, yellow. Pe-
duncles 3-4-flowered, lateral and terminal. Corolla large, blue,
flat, marked with a purple star in the centre, which is downy
outside. Berry globose, size of a cherry, yellow, shining, 1-
celled.
Yellow-fruited Kightshiide. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
I foot.
333 S. Richa'rdi (Dun. syn. p. 45. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 67.
f. 1.) stem prickly, and scabrous from tomentum, as well as the
leaves, on both surfaces, cinereous beneath ; flowers panicled.
^ . S. Native country unknown. Leaves ovate-oblong, beset
w ith stellate pili on both surfaces ; the prickles on the upper
surface straight, and those on the under surface recurved. Ra-
cemes simple, beset with stellate hairs, and prickly as well as
the calyxes and pedicels. Corolla large, with a 5-rayed star in
the centre, villous outside.
Richard's Nightshade. Shrub.
334 S. hy'strix (R. Br. prod. p. 446. Dim. sol. 232. syn.
p. 45.) stem herbaceous, diffuse ; prickles much crowded, sub-
ulate, straight; leaves oblong, pinnatifidly sinuated, glabrous,
and are, as well as the calyxes, very prickly ; corolla armed.
©. S. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Porcupine Nightshade. PI. ?
SuBSECT. VIL Cryptoca'rpum (i-pvTrrw, krypto, to hide ; and
KapiTog, karpos, a fruit ; fruit hidden by the calyx.) Dun. sol.
232. syn. p. 45. Nyct^rium species of authors. Leaves 2>inna-
iijid, bipinnatijid, and pinnate. Corollas 5-cleft. Berry covered
by the increased prickly calyx.
§ 1. Anthers equal.
335 S. Balbi'su (Dun. sol. 232. t. 3. D. syn. 45. Ker.
hot. reg. 140.) stem shrubby, villous, prickly; leaves pinna-
tifid, pilose, prickly : segments acute, sinuately toothed ; ra-
cemes cymose, lateral and terminal, and are, as well as the
calyxes, prickly ; anthers nearly equal. ^ . G. Native of
Peru, on the Andes, near Ayavaca ; and on the banks of the
river Cutaco, at the altitude of 900 to 1400 hexapods. S. de-
ciirrens, Balb. icon, et descript. fasc. 1. p. 17. t. 1. S. viscc>-
sum, Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p. 10. no. 145. D. C. hort. monsp.
S. sisymbrifolium, Lam. ill. no. 2386. Poir. diet. 4. p. 307.
S. inflatum, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 221. S. brasicaefolium,
Jacq. eclog. p. 14. t. 7. S. formosum, cat. hort. Dorp. S.
Mauritanum velins du gard. de paris, p. 21. t. 66. Roth, nov.
spec. S. viscidum, Schweigg. enum. p. 67. Mart. enum.
hort. erl. p. 64. S. Thouini, Gmel. cat. carlsr. p. 254. The
whole plant is clothed with simple pili, which are tipped by-
glands. Leaves soft, clavnmy, prickly. Petioles prickly.
Calyx sometimes unarmed, and sometimes prickly. Prickles
straight, subulate, slender, yellow, or reddish-yellow. Corollas
large, wiiite, semiquinquefid. Berry ovate, size of a cherry,
copper-coloured. This is a beautiful plant when in blossom.
Far. /3, purpureum (Hook. bot. mag. t. 2828.) flowers pur-
ple. Ti . S. Native of Brazil. S. Balbisii, Ker. bot. reg. t.
140. Berry large, yellow, covered by the calyx. There is
also another variety with pale blue flowers.
5a/i(V4 Nightshade. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
336 S. TECTUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 228. Dun. sol. p. 233.
syn. p. 46.) stem shrubby, terete, prickly ; leaves bipinnatifidly
sinuated, villous, prickly on both surfaces ; berry covered by
the villous calyx. h . G. Native of Mexico. S. sinuatum,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1043. Pers. ench. 1. p. 227. S. friictu
tecto, Cav. icon. 4. p. 5. t. 309. S. villosum, Dietr. gart. lex.
9. p. 341. Plant villous. Leaves bipinnatifid ; lobes obtuse,
curled. Prickles thick, whitish : the slenderer ones brown.
Corolla yellow, tomentose outside. Stamens alternating with
the crense in the throat. Berry globose, glabrous. Racemes
cymose, extrafoliaceous. Peduncles and calyxes very prickly.
Covered-herrleA Nightshade. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
§ 2. Anthers unequal.
3S7 S. CORNU TUM (Lam. ill. 2. p. 25. no. 2387. Poir. diet. 4.
p. 308.) stem prickly, glabrous, subherbaceous ; leaves pinnate,
prickly : segments pinnatifid, obtuse ; prickles strong ; antiiers
declinate, horn-formed : the lower one large, and much drawn
out. h . G. Native of Mexico ; also of Brazil. Juss. ann.
mus. 3. p. 120. t. 9. Dun. sol. p. 234. syn. p. 46. S. heter-
andrum, Juss. Nycterium cardaminifolium, Vent. jard. malm,
no. 85. Nycterium corndtum. Link, enum. 1. p. 189. Leaves
large, glabrous. Peduncles and calyxes villous and prickly at
the base. Prickles subulate, yellow, fuscescent at the base ;
those of the calyx setaceous. Racemes simple, lateral. Corollas
large, yellow, irregular, semiquinquefid, with reflexed seg-
ments.
//oraerf-anthered Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
338 S. hetera'ndrum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 731. t. 7.)
annual ; stem and leaves prickly and hairy ; leaves ovate, ob-
tuse, pinnatifid, hairy on both surfaces : segments obsoletely
crenated and undulated ; anthers declinate, distant : lower one
horn-formed, and drawn out ; berry inclosed in the echinated
calyx. ©. H. Native on the banks of the Missouri, Arkan-
sas, &c. Pursh, 1. c. 1. p. 156. Androcera lobata, Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 129. Nycterium lobatum. Sweet. N. liiteum,
Donn. Corollas yellow. Peduncles lateral, many-flowered.
Variahle-anthered Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1813.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
339 S. RosTRATUM (DuH. sol. p. 234. t. 24. syn. p. 46.)
stem prickly, pilose ; pili stellate at apex ; leaves pinnatifid :
segments obtuse ; corollas irregular ; anthers declinate, horn-
formed : lower one large, and much drawn out. ©. H. Na-
tive of Mexico. Leaves beset with cinereous, stellate, and
simple hairs, and very prickly on both surfaces. Prickles un-
equal, straight, subulate, yellowish. Racemes lateral, simple.
SOLANACEvE. I. Solanuj
439
Calyx villous, prickly. Corollas large, yellow, pilose outside,
semiquinquefid. Berry globose, size of a pea.
Bealccd-dnthered Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
340 S. Fontanesia'num (Dun. syn. p. 40. sol. ed. 2d. ined.
t. 76.) stem rather woody, annual, prickly, pilose ; leaves
deeply pinnatifid : segments sinuated ; corollas almost regular;
anthers small : lower one a little curved at apex, brown. ©.
H. Native of Brazil 1 Poir. suppl. 3. p. 777. Ker. bot.
reg. t. 177. Nycterium Fontanesiinum, G. Don, in Loud. hort.
brit. p. 74. — An intermediate plant between -S". rostratum and
S. heterodoxum ; but differs from both in the prickles being
recurved, and more robust; in the leaves being more deeply
pinnatifid ; in the segments being more deeply sinuated and
curled ; in the flowers being smaller, and more regular, although
also yellow.
Desfontaine' s Nightshade. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1813. PI.
^ to 3 feet.
341 S. HETERODOXUM (D. C. hort. monsp. mss. with a draw-
ing, ex Dun. sol. p. 235. t. 25. syn. p. 46.) herbaceous; branches
and leaves pilose and prickly ; leaves bipinnatifid ; segments
sinuately 3-lobed, or runcinate ; peduncles lateral, few-flow-
ered, and are, as well as the calyxes, prickly ; anthers decli-
nate : lower one large, and much drawn out. O- H. Native
of Mexico, near Zelaya and Molino de Sarabia, at the altitude
of 940 hexapods. Nycterium heterodoxum, Link, enum. 1. p.
189. Segments of leaves acute. Hairs simple, clammy, glan-
duliferous at top. Prickles subulate, yellow. Corollas small,
blue, downy outside. Berry globose, size of a sloe.
FaWaft^e Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
SuBSECT. VIIL Nycte'rium (from wKrepiQ, nycteris, a bat ;
form of leaves?) Dun. sol. p. 202. Leaves cordate, entire ; or
oblong, sinuated. Corolla rather irregular, quinquejid ; segments
acute, rejlexed. Anthers unequal. Berry globose, propped by the
calyx, but not covered by it.
342 S. pube'scens (Willd. phyt. p. 5. no. 17. t. 3. spec. 1.
p. 1026.) shrubby, unarmed, clothed with hairy down all over ;
leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, or subrepand ; racemes corym-
bose at the sides of the leaves ; lower anthers drawn out. I^ .
S. Native of the East Indies. Dun. sol. p. 167. syn. p. 19.
Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. CO. Corollas large, purplish. Very
nearly allied to S. vesperlilio of Ait ; but the stem in that spe-
cies is prickly, and the leaves cordate, and the flowers are often
quadrifid.
Downy Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 5
to 6 feet.
343 S. calyci'num (Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. GO.) shrubby?
unarmed, clothed with hairy stellate pubescence ; leaves ovate,
quite entire, or a little repand ; racemes terminal ; calyx and
corolla funnel-shaped ; one of the anthers drawn out. fj . ? S.
Native of the East Indies. S. pubescens, var. Herb. madr.
Wall. cat. suppl. no. 237. This is a singular species.
Large-calyxed Nightshade. Shrub.
344 S. vesperti'lio (Ait. hort, kew. 1. p. 252.) stem shrub-
by ; leaves cordate, entire ; corollas rather irregular, usually
quadrifid ; lower anther elongated. Ij . G. Native of the
Canary Islands, where it is called Realgera and Permenton.
Dun. sol. p. 202. syn. p. 35. Wendl. hort. harr. p. 5. t. 21.
Nycterium cordifblium, Vent. malm. p. 85. t. 85. — Pluk. phyt.
t. 316. f. 3. aim. 351. mant. 173. Stem prickly. Leaves
scabrous above, and tomentose beneath ; petioles and midrib
prickly. Hairs and tomentum stellate. Racemes extra-axil-
lary, prickly, tomentose. Flowers tetramerous or pentamerous.
Corolla blue, tomentose outside. Anthers 4-5, one of which
is long and arched. Berry glabrous, size and form of a
cherry.
5a<-winged-leaved Nightshade. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1779.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
345 S. tridyna'mum (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Dun. syn. p. 35. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 75.) stem herbaceous ?
prickly, rather tomentose, leaves sinuated, bluntish, tomentose ;
racemes simple; calyxes prickly on the ribs; corollas irregular;
3 of the anthers are recurved, and longer than the other two.
©. ? G. Native of Mexico. Stem of a rusty-yellow colour.
Racemes terminal and axillary. Calycine segments 5, acute ;
and the corolla large and violaceous, as well as the tops of the
anthers. Berry globose.
Tkree-2)orvcred Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
346 S. Amaz6nium (Ker, in bot. reg. t, 71. Dun. syn. p.
36. sol. ed. 2d. ined.) stem shrubby, tomentose, unarmed;
leaves oblong-ovate, repand, or sinuately-lobed ; raceines cy-
mose, scorpioid ; flowers polygamous, monoecious ; calyxes of
the fertile flowers prickly at the base : the segments unarmed ;
corollas irregular ; 3 of the anthers longer than the other 2. Ij .
1. Native of Mexico. Nycterium .\inazonium. Link, enum.
1. p. 189. G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 74. N. Lam-
bert!, Sweet. The whole plant is clotiied with hoary down.
Flowers large, beautiful blue, corymbose.
Amazonian Nightshade. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
■f Species not sufficiently known.
k 1. Unarmed species.
* Leaves entire or repand.
347 S. Cajunume'nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 47.) stem shrubby ; branches hairy ; leaves solitary, round-
ish-ovate, short-acuminated, cordate, quite entire, hairy ; ra-
cemes supra-axillary, trifid ; flowers unilateral. T; . S. Native
of New Granada, in the woods of Cajunuma and Untusinga,
near Lo^ia, at the altitude of 1040 hexapods. Corolla subro-
tate, violaceous, glabrous ; segments ovate-oblong, acute, with
inflexed margins. Berry 2 inches long, ovate, acute, 1 -celled,
many-seeded, ex Bonpl. Perhaps this species belongs to sec-
tion S. crotonoides, or is, and perhaps with more correctness, a
species of Capsicum.
Cajanuma Nightshade. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
348 S. adenotrichum (Dun. sol. 236. syn. p. 46.) stem un-
armed, shrubby ; leaves cordate, acuminated, clothed with glan-
duliferous hairs on both surfaces, quite entire; flowers race-
mose, y^ . S. Native of Brazil. Vandelli. spec. fl. bras, in
Roem. script, de pi. hisp. p. 86.
Gland-haired Nightshade. Shrub.
349 S. di'dy.mum (Dun. sol. p. 236. syn. p. 47.) stem frutes-
cent, flexuous ; leaves ovate ; calyxes, stem, and leaves, beset
with branched hairs ; the upper surfaces of the leaves tuber-
cled ; flowers cymose. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Vand. spec,
fl. bras, in Room, script, pi. hisp. p. 86.
Didymous Nightshade. Shrub.
.350 S. cladotrichum (Dun. 1. c.) stem unarmed, frutescent,
flexuous ; leaves ovate ; calyxes, stem, and leaves, beset with
branched hairs ; upper surface of the leaves tubercled ; flowers
cymose. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Vand. spec fl. bras, m
Roem. script, de pi. hisp. p. 85.
Branch-haired Nightshade. Shrub.
351 S. intege'rrimum (Dun. sol. p. 236. syn. 47.) stem un-
armed, shrubby; leaves broad-lanceolate, quite entire; lower
1
440
SOLANACE^. I. SoLAsuM.
surfaces of the leaves tomentose ; racemes terminal, f^ ■ S.
Native of Brazil. Vand. spec. fl. bras, in Rocm. script, pi.
hisp. p. 85.
Quile-enlife-]ea\eA Nightshade. Shrub.
352 S. FoRSKA~Lii (Dun. sol. p. 237. syn. p. 47.) leaves vil-
lous, oval, oblique at the base, with repand margins. — Native
of Arabia. S. villosum, Forsk. fl. arab. p. 47. but not of Lam.
Bockoerae is the Arabic name of the tree.
Forskcel's Nightshade. Shrub ?
353 S. repa'ndum (Forst. prod. p. 105. Willd. spec. 1. p.
]032. Dun. 1. c.) stem unarmed, sub-herbaceous, flexuous,
smooth ; leaves ovate, repand, tomentose ; peduncles axillary,
cymose. ©.? H. Native of the Society Islands.
Iiepand-\esL\ed Nightshade. PI.
354 S. Plukenetii (Dun. 1. c.) — Native of? Solknum I'n-
dicum, lauriniis angustioribus foliis maximum. Phikn. phyt. t.
227. f. 2.
PlukeneVs Nightshade. Shrub ?
355 S. erioca'lyx (Dun. 1. c.) stem unarmed, shrubby;
leaves ovate, quite entire, tomentose beneath ; umbels erect,
terminal ; calyxes obtuse, woolly, ^i . S. Native of America,
about Cartliagena. S. racemosum. Mill diet. no. 28. ex Houst.
mss. but not of Lin. Umbels large. Corollas large, white.
Berry globose, yellow, size of a small cherry. Leaves 4 inches
long, and 1| broad.
IVoolly-calyxed Nightshade. Shrub.
356 S. umbella'tum (Mill. diet. no. 17. ex Houst. mss.
Dun. 1. c.) stem frutescent, unarmed ; leaves lanceolate, quite
entire, pilose beneath ; umbels erect, terminal. Ij . S. Native
of Mexico, about Campeachy. Leaves 5 inches long, and 1^
broad. Flowers small. Corolla white. Anthers purple.
Berry yellow, size of a pea.
UmbeUatc-^ov;ereA Nightshade. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
357 S. America" NiiM (Mill. diet. no. 5.) stem unarmed, her-
baceous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels erect.
©. H. Native of Virginia. S. Americanum vulgari simile,
flore parvo purpurascente, acinis nigricantibus minoribus. Rand,
ex Mill. Stem angular ; branches slender, spreading. Leaves
dark green, a little toothed. Flowers few, small. Calycine
segments narrow, acuminated, white, purplish outside. Berries
small, black.
American Nightshade. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
358 S. AxiEiFLORUM (DuH. sol. p. 238. syn. p. 47.) stem un-
armed, frutescent, flexuous ; leaves ovate, tomentose beneath ;
flowers solitary, alar. Tj . ^. S. S. scandens. Mill. diet. no.
19. ex Houst. mss. Leaves 2 inches long, and H broad. Co-
rolla large, pentagonal, blue ; angles mucronate. Berry size of
a pea, red. Perhaps belonging to section Polijmeris.
Axillanj-Jlowcred Nightshade. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
359 S. WiLLDENowii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. G61.)
unarmed, herbaceous, quite glabrous ; leaves ovate-elliptic, ob-
tuse, quite entire ; peduncles solitary or twin. ©. H. Native
country unknown. S. obtusifolium, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 11.
Willdenows Nightshade. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
360 S. Memphi'ticum (Mart. enum. hort. erlang. p. 63.)
stem herbaceous, unarmed, erect, denticulately angular ; leaves
ovate ; peduncles erect, many-flowered : fructiferous ones droop-
ing. ©. H. Native country unknown. Leaves petiolate, ra-
ther downy, purplish, having the veins violaceous on the under
side. Peduncles corymbose, 5-7-flowered. Calycine segments
obtuse. Corollas size of those of S. nigrum, violaceous ; the
segments cut even to the calyx, with a yellowish claw ; anthers
brown. Berry black. Aspect of the plant lurid, from the stem
being purplish, and the veins of the leaves dark purple.
Memphitic Nightshade. PI. 1 to H foot.
361 S. DiCTYOTicuM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 661.)
stem shrubby, tomentose ; leaves ovate, truncately cordate at
the base, unequal, angular towards the base, toothed, densely
tomentose beneath ; cymes axillary. Ij . S. Native country
unknown. S. reticulatum, Willd. herb mss.
Netled Nightshade. Shrub.
362 S. ciTRiFOLiuM (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 662.) stem shrubby ; leaves oblong, acuminated, shining,
clothed with white tomentura beneath ; spikes terminal, dichoto-
mously corymbose. Ij . S. Native of South America, on the
banks of the river Magdalena.
Citron-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
363 S. stipula'ceum (Willd. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves
lanceolate, quite entire, tomentose ; cymes pedunculate, alar ;
stipulas semilunate. 1; . S. Native of Brazil, Hoflinann-
segge.
Stipulaceotis Nightshade. Shrub.
364 S. Cumane'nse (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 662.)
stem shrubby ; leaves roundish-ovate, acute, glabrous, a little
toothed; umbels terminal. 1; . S. Native of Cumana, Humb.
et Bonpl. S. umbellatum, W'illd. herb. 1. c.
Cumana Nightshade. Shrub.
365 S. DU.METORUM (WHld. herb. I. c.) stem shrubby,
branched ; leaves ovate, downy above, but pilosely tomentose
beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Jj . .S. Native
country luiknown.
Bush Nightshade. Shrub.
366 S. CAMPANiFoRME (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 662.)
shrubby ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; racemes ax-
illary, on long peduncles. fj . S. Native of Brazil. S. cam-
panulatum, Willd. herb. 1. c. Racemes axillary and extra-folia-
ceous, longer than the leaves, erect. Corolla deeply 5-parted,
campanulaie.
Bell-Jormed-fiowered Nightshade. Shrub.
367 S. peduncula'tum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) shrubby; leaves
lanceolate, petiolate, bluntish, pilosely strigose ; umbels pilose,
pedunculate. I; . S. Native country unknown.
Peduncutale-fioweTed Nightshade. Shrub.
368 S. PRUNiFOLiuM (Willd. 1. c.) shrubby; leaves elliptic,
acuminated, serrated, on long petioles ; panicle terminal. Ij .
5. Native of Caraccas, Bredemeyer. Leaves \h inch long,
acuminated at both ends, erosely-toothed. Panicle divari-
cate.
Plum-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
369 S. flexuosum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) stem shrubby, flexu-
ous, retrofracted ; leaves ovate, tomentose beneath ; peduncles
solitary, axillary, filiform, elongated. tj . S. Native of St. Do-
mingo, Desfontaines.
Flexuous Nightshade. Shrub.
370 S. micra'nthum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) stem shrubby ;
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, scabrous and green
beneath ; corymbs shorter than the petioles. f; . S. Native of
South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Small-Jlowered Nightshade. Shrub.
371 S. mode'stum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 665.) stem
frutescent, unarmed, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at
the base, veiny, with subundulated margins, glabrous ; flowers
terminal, corymbose. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. S. Mexica-
num, Willd. herb. 1. c.
Modest Nightshade. Shrub.
* * Leaves toothed, sinuated, lobed, and pinnate.
372 S. Africanum (Tourn. inst. p. 149. Dun. sol. p. 238.
syn. p. 48.) — Native of Africa. S. bacciferum vulgari simile
Africanum ; foliis frequcntius et profundius crenatis, Tourn.
1. c.
SOLANACE^. I. SoLANUM.
441
African Nightshade. PI. ?
373 S. Lusita'nicum (Dun. soh p. 238. syn. p. 48.) %. H.
S. Lusitaiiiciim perenne ; fohis amplis profunde crenatis ; fructu
rubro, Toiirn. inst. p. liO.
Porliii^al Nightshade. PI.
374 S. viscosuM (Moendi. iiieth. suppl. p. 79. Dim. sol.
p. 238. syn. p. 48.) stem shrubby, clammy ; leaves large, cor-
date, sinuated, clammy ; sinuses elevated. I; . S. Native
country unknown. Stem terete, branched at top. Leaves
petiolate ; lobes roundish, pubescent. Peduncles lateral, shorter
than the petioles, bearing each 3-4 pedicels, which are reflexed
in the fruit-bearing state. Corolla white. Berry roundish,
yellow, striated.
Clammy Nightshade. Shrub 4 feet.
375 S. avicula're (Forst. prod. no. 107. pi. esc. no. 12.)
stem unarmed, shrubby ; leaves sinuately pinnatifid ; corymbs
terminal. h . G. Native of New Zealand.
Kiiol-Grass Nightshade. Shrub.
376 S. re'pens (Dun. sol. p. 239. syn. p. 48.) stems herba-
ceous, pilose, tetragonal, membranous, creeping; leaves pinnate
or decurrent, quite entire, pilose; racemes simple. 1/. H.
Native of Brazil. Vand. spec. fl. bras, in Roem. script, pi.
hisp. p. 8G.
Creeping Nightshade. PI. creeping.
377 S. Valekzue'l^ (Palacio, mem. mus. 2. p. 340. Dun.
syn. p. 48.) root bearing tubers ; leaves unequally pinnate ; ra-
cemes few-llowered ; pedicels articulated ; berries glabrous, ob-
long, compressed. 1/ . H. Native of New Granada, at the
river Malave, Eloy Valenzuela. Stolons bearing white, nearly
round, flattened, sapid tubers. Stems procumbent, much
branched. Corolla with revolute segments. A variety of
S. tuberosum.
J'alenzuela's Potatoe. PI. procumbent.
378 S. Ca'ri (Mol. chil. p. 109.) stem herbaceous; leaves
pinnate, entire ; nectarium campanulate, exceeding the petal.
1/. ? H. Native of Chili. This is certainly no Solanum, and
perhaps even does not belong to the order.
CaW Nightshade. PI.?
379 S. subloba'tum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) stem suffruticose,
branched ; leaves lanceolate, sublobed, naked, obtuse ; pedun-
cles opposite the leaves, sub-trilobed. ^ . G. Native of
Buenos Ayres.
.S'«6/o6a?e-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
380 S. Caraccasa'num (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 604.)
stem shrubby ; leaves pinnate, ternate and simple, quite entire ;
flowers racemose. T^ . S. Native of Caraccas, Bredemeyer.
S. heterophyllum, Willd. herb. 1. c. Shrub 10 feet high.
Branches dicliotomous, divaricate. Peduncles from the axils of
the branches, elongated into twin, pendulous racemes. Corolla
and anthers violaceous.
Caraccas Nightshade. Shrub.
381 S. fcsca'tum (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) shrubby; leaves
interruptedly pinnate, tomcntose beneath ; stipulas falcate ;
flowers corymbose, panicled. ^2 . S. Native of South Ame-
rica. Humb. et Bonpl. S. pinnatum, Willd. herb. 1. c.
Fuscous Nightshade. Shrub.
382 S. THYMiFOLiuM (Willd. herb. 1. c.) stem frutescent ;
leaves pubescent, auricled at the base, almost sessile ; peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered. fj . G. Native of Buenos Ayres.
Thyme-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
§ 2. Prickly pla7its.
* Leaves entire.
383 S. Bote'lho (Vand. fasc. p. 10. Roem. script, pi. hisp.
p. 85.) stem shrubby, tomentose, rather prickly; leaves ovate-
VOL. IV.
oblong, quite entire, tomentose beneath ; racemes lateral, droop-
ing, tj . S. Native of Brazil. S. Botelliianum, Dun. sol. p.
239. Prickles few, very short. Calyxes, peduncles, and peti-
oles tomentose. Leaves unequal at the base, glabrous above.
Berry glabrous.
Bolellio's Nightshade. Shrub.
384 S. Brasilia'num (Dun. sol. p. 665. syn. p. 48.) h . S.
Native of Brazil. Solanum Brasilianum, folio integro mutron-
ato, glabro. Papas American!, floribus in summitate caulis,
Plukn. amalth. append, t. 454. f. 4. Leaves ovate, acuminated,
unarmed. Flowers corymbose. Corolla pentagonal ; anthers
divaricate.
Brasilian Nightshade. Fl. Clt. Shrub ?
3S5 S. corda'htm (Forsk. fl. arab. p. 47. no. 56.) stem
shrubby, rather prickly ; leaves roundish-cordate, entire, un-
armed. V} . S. Native of Arabia, where it is called Hadak.
Leaves half an inch long, glabrous. Corolla violaceous, de-
flexed. Berry pulpy, red, size of a pea.
C or date -\ca.\edi Nightshade. Shrub.
386 S. NicoTiAN.EFOLiuM (Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p. 10. no.
144.) stem prickly, shrubby ; leaves obliquely cordate-oblong,
and oblong, acute, unarmed, subundulated, very clammy, h . S.
Native country unknown.
Tobacco-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
387 S. trifoha'tum (Burm. ind. t. 22. f. 3. Gmel. syst. p.
386. Vittm. summ. 1. p. 493.) stem shrubby; leaves ternate,
ovate, quite entire. 1? . S. Native of Coromandel. .Stem
quite glabrous. Prickles few, incurved. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, glabrous.
Trifoliate Nightshade. Shrub.
388 S. Dominge'nse (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 665.) stem shrubby, rather prickly, flexuous ; leaves
elliptic, petiolate, quite entire, tomentose beneath ; flowers axil-
lary, aggregate. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo.
St. Domingo Nightshade. Shrub.
* * Leaves sinuated, lobed, and 2»nnatijid.
389 S. Chine'nse (Dun. sol. p. 240. syn. p. 49.) Pj . G.
Native of China. Solanum incanum Chinense minus spinosum,
floribus parvis fere umbeilatis, fructu majore aureo, Plukn.
phyt. t. 02. f. 1. Tourn. inst. p. 149. In the figure the leaves
are represented as twin; the one smaller than the other, sinu-
ated, having the midrib prickly ; the peduncles are numerous,
aggregate, almost opposite the leaves, and hardly longer tlian
the petioles ; and the flowers are small. Said to be nearly
allied to S. violaceum.
China Nightshade. Shrub.
390 S. glabra'tum (Dun. 1. c.) stem prickly, shrubby ;
leaves prickly, oblong, dentately-sinuated, glabrous ; calyx
glabrous ; corolla violaceous, reflexed ; berry globose. fj . G.
Native of Arabia, at Surdud. S. Bahamense, Forsk. egypt. p.
46. no. 53.
Glabrous Nightshade. Shrub.
391 S. Ara'bicum (Dun. 1. c.) stems procuvnbent, annual,
very prickly ; prickles straight ; peduncles opposite ; the
leaves racemose. ©. H. Native of Arabia, where it is called
Bochcme, or Bokom. S. armatum, Forsk. fl. arab. p. 47. no.
54, but not of R. Br. Perhaps only a variety of S. glabratnm.
with which it agrees in the leaves, and form and figure of the
corolla. Prickles numerous, white, straight, spreading. Stems,
petioles, nerves of leaves, calyxes, and peduncles very prickly.
Fruit fleshy, obscure green, veined with white.
Arabian Nightshade. PI. procumbent.
392 S. STRiGosuM (Vand. fasc. p. 10. Roem. script, pi. hisp.
p. dd.) stem shrubby, strigose ; leaves ovate, sinuated, rather
3 L
442
SOLANACE/E. I. Solanum.
prickly on the midrib, tomenlose ; calyxes strigose ; berry
tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Dun. sol. p. 241. syn.
p. 49. Stem, petioles, and calyxes beset with long, yellowish
strigae. Leaves cordate at the base ; prickles yellowish. Pani-
cles lateral, branched. Corolla tomentose outside. Berries
small.
Strigose Nightshade. Shrub.
393 S. Vandellia'num (Dun. sol. p. 241. syn. p. 49.) stem
flexuous, dichotomous, shrubby, prickly, tomentose ; prickles
incurved ; leaves sinuately-angular, rather tomentose, spiny on
the midrib ; spikes solitary, h . S. Native of Brazil. S.
dichotonium, Vand. fasc. p. 9. Roem. script, p. 54, but not of
Lour. Stem greenish yellow. Tomentum stellate. Prickles
few, yellow at top. Leaves sub-petiolate. Spikes revolute, as
in HeUotrbp'tum. Calyx tomentose. Corolla white.
VandeUts Nightshade. Shrub.
394 S. Mce'nchii (Dun. sol. p. 242. syn. p. 49.) stem herba-
ceous, pilose, prickly, scabrous ; pili white, stellate ; leaves
ovate, sinuated, acute, rather pilose, the midrib prickly on both
sides; peduncles erect, terminal, 1-5-flowered, longer than the
petioles. % . S. Native country unknown. .S. stellatum,
Mceueh. meth. p. 475, but not Jacq. Stems simple. Prickles
yellow, distant. Peduncles and calyxes pilose, and furnished
with a very few prickles. Corolla white, large. Anthers dis-
tant. Style white ; stigma green. Berry smooth, yellow.
McencFs Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
395 S. Belfortia'num (Dun. sol. p. 242. syn. p. 49.) stem
shrubby, tomentose, prickly ; leaves deeply and sinuately angu-
lar, tomentose, rather prickly ; flowers corymbose. I7 . S.
Native of Brazil. S. Belfort, Vand. fasc. p. 10. Roem. script.
p. 5Qi. Prickles few, very short, straight. Leaves petiolate,
imequal at the base. Prickles slender. Corymbs lateral.
Calyx pilose.
Belfort' s Nightshade. Shrub.
396 S. Banksia'num (Vand. fasc. p. 10. Roem. script, p.
55. Dun. sol. p. 242.) stem prickly, pilose, herbaceous; lower
leaves cordate, ovate : superior ones pinnatifidly-sinuated, acute,
pilose ; prickles straightish on both surfaces. %, S. Native
of Brazil, where it is called Rebentabois. Prickles thick, re-
versed, yellow at top. Berry yellow, nearly dry, size of a
cherry.
SanAs's Nightshade. PL?
397 S. ATROviRENs (Duu. sol. p. 243. syn. p. 50.) Ij . S.
Native of India. Solanum I'ndicum spinosum atrovirens et
undique glabrum, foliis brancha; ursinaj divisuris. Pluckn.
phyt. t. 62. f. 2. S. pomiferum spinosum I'ndicum, fructu
echinato, foliis cardui seu acanthi spinosi, Breyn. prod. p. 1. ?
Dark-green Nightshade. Shrub.
398 S. Cape'nse (Thunb. prod. 37. Lin. suppl. 147.) stem
prickly, shrubby, erect ; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid, prickly,
naked : alternate segments entire, obtuse, h^ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Dun. sol. p. 243. syn. p. 50. Plant
armed with copious yellow, recurved prickles. Leaves ovate,
obtuse, glabrous. Peduncles solitary, 1-2-flovvered, drooping.
Calyx prickly. Corolla blue. Berry glabrous.
Cai^e Nightshade. Shrub 1 foot.
399 S. HousTONi (Dun. sol. p. 243. syn. p. 50.) stem shrubby,
prickly ; leaves oblong, sinuately pinnate, prickly ; umbels ses-
sile. Ij . S. Native of Vera Cruz. S. quercifolium, Mill.
diet. no. IG. ex Houst. mss. Prickles recurved. Flowers
small, white. Berries red, size of juniper berries.
Houston's Nightshade. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
400 S. angu'rium (Dun. 1. c.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves
pinnatifidly-jagged, tomentose, prickly on both surfaces ; pe-
duncles axillary, few-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Vera Cruz.
S. angustifolium, Mill. diet. no. 15. ex Houst. mss. Stem
procumbent, tomentose. Prickles long, yellow. Leaves almost
4 inches long, and 2 broad. Peduncles 2-3 inches long. Calyx
very prickly. Corollas large, yellow. Berry globose, size of a
pea, variegated with green and white.
Anguria-\edi\'eA Nightshade. Shrub prostrate.
401 S. Valada'res (Vand. in Rcem. script, p. 55.) stem suf-
fruticose, prickly, rather pilose ; leaves pinnate, cut, prickly on
both surfaces ; racemes lateral, compound. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil. Dun. sol. p. 243. syn. p. 50. Stem green. Prickles
long, straight, red, very sharp. Leaves rather pilose. Petioles,
peduncles, and calyxes prickly and pilose.
Valadares Nightshade. Shrub.
402 S. Rottbcellia'num (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. C68.)
I; . S. Native of Surinam. S. fce'tidum, Rottb. act. hafn.
1778. p. 287. J. Puihn. mat. med. ven. regn. veg. 1785.
Dun. sol. p. 244. syn. p. 50. The berry on being wounded, or
bruised, exhales an intolerable smell, which excites nausea and
cephalalgia.
Rottboell's Nightshade. Shrub.
403 S. RiGiDUM (Lam. ill. no. 2373. Poir. diet. 4. p. 303.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 228.) a dwarf prickly shrub; leaves ovate,
sinuately angular, prickly, almost naked, beset with white
prickles on both surfaces. h . S. Native country unknown.
Stem very stiff, hardly a foot long, erect, a little branched,
rather villous ; prickles short, straight. Leaves acute, undu-
lated ; lobes acute, sub-mucronate, rather ciliated, pale or yel-
lowish green. Prickles numerous, naked, subulate, stifl", pur-
plish at the base. Racemes terminal. Peduncles short, a little
branched, tomentose. Calyx villous ; with lanceolate, very
acute segments, sometimes prickly, and sometimes unarmed.
Stiff' Nightshade. Shrub 1 foot.
404 S. aqua'ticum (Hort. par. Dum. Courset, hot. cult. ed.
2d. suppl. p. 152.) stem shrubby, prickly, thick, villous ; leaves
cordate, deeply and sinuately lobed, prickly on both surfaces, as
well as the petioles, villous, soft. '7 . S. Native country
unknown. Stem straight, simple, or branched, dark purple.
Prickles strong, a little recurved. Leaves large, 8-9 inches
long, pale green.
Aquatic Nightshade. Shrub.
405 S. quinquangula're (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 6G9.) stem shrubby ; leaves 5-angled, hairy, and are,
as well as the petioles, beset with subulate prickles ; peduncles
generally 2-flowered. ^. S. Native of Caraccas, Bredemeyer.
Five-angled-\ea.ve6. Nightshade. Shrub.
406 .S. juba'tum (Willd. 1. c.) stem shrubby, and is, as well
as the peduncles, prickly ; leaves roundish -ovate, angularly-
toothed, downy and prickly on both surfaces ; calyxes covered ;
prickles bristly. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco,
Humb. et Bonpl.
Bearded Nightshade. Shrub.
N.B. In Salt's abyss, append, p. 475, there are 2 species
mentioned, but without any diagnosis of either, viz. S. cinereum,
R. Br. and S. uncinalum, R. Br.
What are the following species. 1 . S. cethiopioides, Cav. 2.
.5. agresle, Brouss. 3. S. aracdtscha, Bess. Krzem. 4. S. stipu-
laceum, Brouss. 5. iS'. cestrifolium, Fisch.
Cult. All the species of Solanum thrive best in a rich, light
soil, and are readily increased by seed ; or cuttings planted in
sand under a hand-glass root readily. A great number of the
species are very handsome, and therefore worth cultivating for
ornament. They are treated like other stove greenhouse and
hardy plants. The seeds of annual species, natives of tropical
countries, require to be raised on a hot-bed, and the plants to
be set out in the open ground about the end of May in a
sheltered, dry situation.
SOLANACEiE. II. Lycopersicum.
443
II. LYCOPERSICUM (from \vkoc, li/kos, a wolf; and
■n-tpaiKOf, persicoii, a peacli ; Wolf-pcacli.) Touin. iiist. p. 150.
t. 63. Adams, fam. 2. p. 218. Mill. diet. Mooncli. meth. p.
515. Dun. sol. p. 109. H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 17. — Lycopersicum and Psolanum, Neck. elem. bot. 2. p. 60.
— Sol^num species. Lin. gen. no. 251. Juss. gen. p. 126. &c.
Lin. svst. Pcnldndrla, Monogynia. Calyx 5-6-parted. Co-
rolla rotate, with a very short tube, and a 5-6-cleft limb. Sta-
mens 5. Anthers conical, joined by a membrane, which is elon-
gated at apex, dehiscing lengthwise inside. Stigma sub-bifid.
Berry 2-3-celled. Seeds villous. — Herbaceous, unarmed, pro-
cumbent herbs. Leaves impari-pinnate. Peduncles solitary,
extra-axillary, many-flowered, sometimes leafy; pedicels arti-
culated under the flowers, reflexed when bearing the fruit.
Corollas yellow. Fruit of various shapes and sizes, usually red
and glossy. In most of the species the hairs are glandular at
the base.
1 L. piMPiNELLiFoLiuM (Mill. dict. no. 4. Dun. sol. p. 111.)
stem herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets entire,
glabrous ; racemes simple. ©. H. Native of Peru, and
Brazil. Solanum pimpineilifolium, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 268. spec,
p. 265. Vellozo. spec. fi. bras, in Roem. script, p. 85. L.
inodorum, Juss. Leaflets cordate, not cut or toothed in any
way. There are no hairs on this species.
Bitrnet-leaved Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. May, July. Clt. ?
PI. proc.
2 L. Peruvia^num (Mill. dict. no. 5. Dun. sol. p. 111.)
stem sub-herbaceous, tomentose ; leaves unequally pinnate, to-
mentose, canescent, stipulate ; leaflets cut ; peduncles and pedi-
cels bracteate. If . S. Native of Peru, in arid and waste
places, very common in the provinces of Lima and Chancay, ex
Ruiz, et Pav. ; cultivated in Cochinchina, ex Lour. Solanum
Peruvicinum, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. 186. ed. 2d. p. 267. Jacq.
icon. rar. 2. t. 327. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 37. Lour,
coch. 1. p. 162. — Feuill. per. 3. p. 37. t. 25. In Peru the
plant is called Tomatle Cimarron, i. e. Wild Golden Apple, and
in China it is called Cd lau fang. Root permanent. Stems
woody at the base ; branches villous. Leaflets bluntish. Ra-
cemes villous, sometimes simple, sometimes bipartite, lateral,
and terminal. Calyx S-parted. Corolla the largest of the
genus. Berry size of a pea, rather villous. Plant with a
pleasant smell.
Peruvian Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823.
PI. proc.
3 L. PYRiFoRME (Dun. sol. p. 112. t. 26.) stem herbaceous,
pilose ; leaves unequally-pinnate, pilose ; leaflets cut, glauces-
cent beneath ; racemes often leafy ; calycine segments about
equal in length to the corolla; berries obconical. ©. H.
Native country unknown. Solanum pomiferum, Cav. descr.
p. 112. Pers. syn. 1. p. 226. Racemes large: superior ones
rarely leafy : lower ones usually terminated by a leafy branch.
Berry pear-shaped, 2-cclled, as in the 4 following species.
Hairs simple, unequal. This and all the following species
exhale a heavy smell.
Pear-formed-ix\i\ieA Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. 1823. PI.
4 L. HuMBOLDTii (Dun. sol. p. 112.) pilose; pili diverse;
stem herbaceous ; leaves unequally pinnate, pilose ; leaflets cut,
glaucescent beneath ; peduncles and pedicels bractless ; caly-
cine segments about half as long as the corolla. 0. H. Native
of South America, on the banks of the Rio Negro. L. lyco-
persicum, Wall. cat. no. 2611. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 245. Sola-
num Humboldtii, Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 27. t. 27. enum. p.
235. Tiiis is very like L. cerasiforme, but differs in the ra-
cemes of flowers being smaller, the calycine segments being
never the length of the corolla ; and the berries being one-half
1
smaller, size of a cherry, and red. Berry 2-3-celled, smooth-
ish, and, when cultivated, not less angular than those of L.
csculentum, ex Nees.
Humboldt's Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1822. PI. 2 to 3 feel.
5 L. regula're (Dun. syn. p. 3. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 81.)
plant rather villous ; stem almost herbaceous ; leaves regularly
pinnate, canescent ; segments or leaflets almost entire ; pedun-
cles and pedicels often bractless. 0. H. Native country
imknown.
RegularAeayed. Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. May, July.
Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 L. denta'tum (Dun. syn. p. 4. sol. cd. 2d. ined. t. 82.)
plant rather villous ; stem herbaceous ; leaves stipulate, une-
qually pinnate ; leaflets oblong-acuminated, toothed ; peduncles
and pedicels often bracteate ; segments of the calyx shorter
than the corolla. ©. H. Native country unknown.
Toolhed-\e^vcA Love Apple, or Tomato. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 L. iiirsu'tum (Dun. syn. p. 4. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 83. H.
B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 18.) hairy ; stem sub-herba-
ceous ; leaves stipulate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets dentately
crenated ; pedicels sometimes bracteate ; calycine segments
about equal in length to the corolla. 0. H. Native of New
Granada, near Loxa. Peduncles unibracteate in the middle.
Corollas yellow like the other species. Fruit unknown.
Hairy Love Apple, or Tomato. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
8 L. CERASIFORME (Duu. sol. 113. syu. p. 4.) pilose; hairs
diverse ; leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets cut, glaucescent
beneath ; calycine segments rather shorter than the corolla ;
berries spherical. ©. H. Native of Pern, by the sea-side,
and in gardens. Solanum lycopersicum, var. /3, Lin. spec. ed.
1st. p. 185. Solanum pseudo-lycopersicum, Murr. syst. 183.
Jacq. vind. 1. t. 11. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 37.
Solanum spiirium, Gmel. syst. 384. Lycopersicum Galeni,
Mill. dict. no. 2. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 416. cap. 49. Very
like L. esculenlum, and L. pyriforme, but differs in the ber-
ries being cherry-formed, 2-celled, size of a plum, but not
furrowed lengtliwise, rather villous. Tamatta Bonlal is the
Malay name of this species, and Tomate redondo the Peruvian
name.
Far. a ; berries red. ©. H. Lycop. fructu cerasi rubro,
Tourn. inst. p. 150. Cerasa amoris racemosa, rubra, Bauh.
prod. p. 90.
I'ar. ft ; berries yellow. ©. H. Lycop. fructu cerasi luteo,
Tourn. inst. p. 150. Solanum raceraosum, cerasorum forma,
fructu luteo, Tourn. 1. c.
67(en-)/-/on;i«i-fruited Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July,
Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
9 L. escule'ntum (Mill. dict. no. 2. Dun. sol. p. 113. t. 3.
f. 3. syn. p. 4.) herbaceous, pilose; pili diverse; leaves une-
qually pinnate ; leaflets cut, attenuated at the apex, glaucescent
beneath; flowers many, joined; berries torulose. ©. H.
Native of South America. Solanum Lycopersicum, Lin. spec.
p. 150. Lam. ill. t. 115. f. 2. Lour. coch. 1. p. 162 Plenck,
off. t. 122. — L. poinum amoris, Moench. meth. p. 515. L.
Galeni, Tourn. inst. p. 150. t. G3. — Sabb. hort. rom. p. 12.
t. 62. Pomnm amoris, Blackvv. t. 133. Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 416. t. 154. f. 1 Mor. hist. sect. 13. t. 1. Mala aurea,
Chabr. icon. 525. La Pomme d' amour, Regn. bot. p. 54.
Many flowers are joined in one, which makes them appear of
many parts, having from 2 to 5 joined pistils, and as many
bundles of stamens. Calyx longer than the corolla.
The Love Apple, or Tomato, is called La Pomme d' amour,
and La Tomatte in France, Liebes Apfcl in Germany, unAPomo
d' oro in Italy; it is a tender annual. The stem, if supported, will
rise to 6 or 8 feet, and exhales, like the leaves, when handled, a
3 L 2
144
SOLANACEjE. II. Lycopersicum. III. Peltanthera. IV. Capsicum.
disagreeable smell. The flowers appear in bunches in July and
August. The fruit is smooth, depressed at both ends, and fur-
rowed on the sides ; it varies in size, but seldom exceeds that of
an ordinary golden-pippin apple.
Use. — When ripe, the fruit, which has an acid flavour, is put
in soups and sauces, and the juice is preserved for winter use,
like ketchup ; it is also used in confectionary, as a preserve, and
when green as a pickle. Though a good deal used in England
in soups, and as a principal ingredient in a well-known sauce
for mutton, yet our estimation and uses of the fruit are nothing
to tiiose of the French and Italians, and especially the latter.
Near Rome and Naples whole fields are covered with it, and
scarcely a dinner is served up in which it does not in some way
or other form a part.
Varieties. — Those in general cultivation are called, the large,
and small, cherry and pear-shaped red, and the laige and
small, or cherry-shaped yellow. The first sort is in most esti-
mation for domestic purposes, and should be cultivated accord-
ingly, while a few plants of the other kinds may be raised for
variety of the fruit.
Propagation and Culture. — The plants must be raised and
forwarded in a hot-bed, under glass from about the vernal equi-
nox till May. Sow in any general hot-bed about the end of
March, or beginning or middle of April, and as to quantity of
seed one ounce will produce 60 plants. As soon as the plants
are about 2 inches high, if they are immediately pricked out
into another hot-bed, or into that where raised, or singly into
small pots placed in the hot-bed, they will grow more stocky,
and can be more successfully transplanted. About the middle
or end of May transplant them each with a ball of earth into a
south border, to have the full sun, that the fruit may ripen to
perfection. Some may be planted close to a south wall, if
vacant spaces can be had ; but as they draw the ground
exceedingly, do not set them near choice fruit trees. Give
water. During the first week, or fortnight, if the nights be cold,
defend them with hand-glasses, or by inverting a large garden
pot over each plant, or transplant upon holes filled with hot
dung, earthed to 6 inches depth, and cover with hand-glasses.
When they begin to run train them to stakes, or, where planted
near a wall or pales, nail up the branches. J. Wilmot plants at
the foot of a bed sloping steeply to the south, and trains the
stems and branches on it by pegging them down ; they fre-
quently strike root at the joints; he tops them as soon as their
branches meet, clears off all the lateral shoots, and thins the
leaves, by which the fruit is exposed, and well ripened. In the
line season of 1818 each plant so treated produced on an ave-
rage twenty pounds weight of fruit. The fruit begins to ripen
in August; gathered in October, and hung up in bunches in any
dry apartment it will continue good for use in November.
To save Seed. — " Gather some of the best ripe fruit in
autumn, clear out the seed, wash and cleanse it from the pulp,
and dry it thoroughly, then put it up in papers or bags for use
next spring." Abercrombie.
f'ar.li; berries pale red. Q. H. L. fructu e rubro palles-
cente, Tourn. inst. p. 150.
/fflc. y ; berries yellow. ©. H. L. fructu luteo, Tourn. 1. c.
Far. S; berries white. ©. H. L. fructu albo, Tourn. 1. c.
Esculent, or Common Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July
Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
I" Species not sufficiently known.
10 L. procu'mbens (Mill. diet. no. 6.) stem herbaceous, pro-
cumbent ; leaves pinnatifid, glabrous ; segments cut ; flowers
solitary, axillary. ©. H. Native country unknown. Dun.
sol. p. 115. syn. p. 5. Flowers lateral. Calyx large, deeply
muitifid. Flowers cream-coloured. Berries small, sub-com-
pressed.
Procumbent Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1770. PI. proc.
11 L. commuta'tum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 569.)
leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets oblique, ovate, obtuse,
downy on both surfaces, sub-repandly crenated ; racemes bifid,
longer than the leaves, the branches diverging. 2/ . S. Native
of South America, Solanum commutatum, Spreng. pug. 1 . p.
18. Corolla yellow, form of those of the other species. Calyx
5-cleft.
Changed Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see L. escultntum, no. 9
III. PELTANTHE'RA (from weXrv, pelte, a buckler; and
ardiipa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the form of the
anthers.) Roth. nov. spec. p. 126. Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. Liv. and 670.
Lin. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
rotate, plicate, 5-cleft. Stamens inserted in the throat of the
corolla, short, broad. Anthers sagittate at the base, conniving
into an oblong, attenuated, obsoletely pentagonal cone. Stigma
clavate. Berry unknown. This genus differs from Solanum
in the anthers being 1 -celled, hamately sagittate at the base,
and furnished with a sessile, peltate body on the back, and not
dehiscing by 2 pores at top as in that genus.
1. P. solana'cf.a (Roth, 1. c. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
670.) \2 • S- Native of the East Indies, Vallaris, Heyne mss.
Leaves opposite, elliptic, quite entire. Racemes axillary, sub-
corymbose. Corolla size and colour of that of Solanum j:>seiido-
cdpsicum. Ovarium 1 -celled ?
Solanaceous Peltanthera. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Solanum, p. 442.
IV. CA'PSICUM (from KairTut, kapto, to bite ; on account
of the biting heat of the seeds and pericarp ; some derive it
from capsa, a chest.) Tourn. inst. 66. Lin. gen. no. 252.
Schreb. gen. no. 338. Juss. gen. p. 126. ed. Usteri. p. 141.
Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 1241. t. 132. Lam. ill. t. 116. f. 1, 2.
H. B. et Kuntii, nov. gen. 3. p. 48. Fingerhuth diss. cap.
Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 62.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5-
toothed. Corolla rotate ; limb plicate, 5-cleft. Anthers con-
nivent, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma obtuse. Berry
dry, inflated, and hollow, of a papery consistence, 2-4-celled,
many-seeded, naked. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. —
Shrubs, or sub-shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves scattered, solitary,
or twin, and quite entire. Peduncles extra-axillary, and alar,
1 -flowered. Flowers greenish white, or violaceous.
§ 1. Peduncles solitary. Fruit erect, or pendulous.
* Annual. Berries pendulous.
1 C. a'nnuum (Lin. spec. p. 270.) fruit oblong, pendulous,
and erect ; petioles glabrous ; stem herbaceous ; calyx obsoletely
5-toothed. ©. H. Native of South America. Woodv. med.
bot. 391. t. 144. Stev. and Church, med. hot. 1. t. 44. Plenck.
off. t. 107.— Knor, del. 2 1. 1. 6.— Rheed. mal. 2. t. 35. Corollas
white. Fruit red, yellow, variegated with red and yellow, and
dark green, variable in shape.
Capsicum is called Piment in French, Spanischr Pfeffer in
German, Peberone in Italian, Chilli in Mexico, and Tschili in
Hindostan. There are 3 species in cultivation. 1. C. dn-
nmtm, the Guinea pepper, though a native of India, endures our
SOLANACEjE. IV. Capsicum.
445
climate in summer. The fruit varies much in shape and colour,
either iong-pockicil, red, or yellow, or short-podded, red and
yellow, or heart-shaped, red and yellow. 2. C. cerasifurme,
the cherry-pepper, is also an annual standing our climate in
summer ; is known by its small, clierry-shaped fruit, which is
sometimes heart-shaped or angular, in colour red or yellow.
3. C. gr6ssu7n, the bell-pepper, a stove biennial ; the berries of
this kind are large, red or yellow. It will endure the open air
in summer, but will require a place in tlie stove in winter and
spring months. The well known preparation called Cayenne-
pepper is the pods of the smaller kinds of capsicum dried in the
sun, pounded, and mixed with salt; it is then kept stopped in
bottles. When used in moderation it is not unwholesome, espe-
cially to those of cold leucophlegmatic habits. In such tempera-
ments, as well as in paralytic cases, it is used medicinally in
small quantities, as one of the highest stimulants. A mixture of
sliced cucumbers, shalots, or onions, cut very small, a little lime
juice and Madeira wine, with a few pods of bird-pepper, well
mashed and mixed with the liquor, seldom fails to provoke the
most languid appetite in the West Indies. It is there called
Man-dram. Gathered fresh from the plant, the pods of all the
species are liberally used in all tropical countries to assist diges-
tion and correct flatulencies.
Far. a, longicirpum ; fruit long, pendant. Tourn. insl. 152.
Var. j3, olivcEforme (Mill. diet. no. 6.) fruit ovate. Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 405.
Var. y, ahbreviatum (Fmg. diss. t. 2. f. 1.) Miller has raised
from the seed of one individual plant the following varieties of
Tournefort. I. Capsicum fructu surrecto oblongo, Tourn.
inst. 152. 2. Capsicum fructu bifido, Tourn. 1. c. 3. Capsi-
cum siliquis surrectis et oblongis brevibus, Tourn. 1. c. 4.
Capsicum tereti spithaniEeo, Tourn.
Annual Capsicum, or Chilli, or Guinea Pepper. Fl. June,
July. Clt. 1548. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 C. LONGUM (D. C. hort. monsp. 1813. p. SG.) fruit oblong,
acuminated, a little incurved ; petioles glabrous ; stem herba-
ceous. ©. H. Native country unknown. C. annuum, Hort.
— Mor. hist. sect. Id. t. 2. f. 2. no. 0. — Clus. cur. post. p. 101.
f. 9— 10.— Dod. pempt. 716. f. 3.— 13auh. hist. 2. p. 943. f. 1.
— Fuchs. icon. 733. Capsicum fructu tereti spithamaeo, Tourn.
inst. p. 152. ? C. annuum, var. a, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 405.
Long-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1548. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 C. coRDiFORME (Mill. dict. no. 2.) fruit heart-shaped ;
stem herbaceous. ©. H. Native of India. Capsicum siliqua
propendente oblonga et cordiformi, Tourn. inst. p. 152. Fruit
yellow and red, variable in shape. The following varieties of
this species are mentioned : 1. Fruit pendent, round or heart-
shaped, Tourn. 2. Fruit broader and rounder, Tourn. 3.
Fruit large, round, Tourn. 4. Fruit erect, round, Tourn. 5.
Fruit erect, heart-shaped. In all these varieties the fruit varies
from yellow to red.
Var. p, majus, Fing. diss. t. 9. f. c. C. annuum, Wall. cat.
suppl. no. 222.
Hearts ha ped-^Tulted Capsicum, or Chilli pepper. Fl. June,
July. Clt.? PI. 2 feet.
4 C. ANGULosLii (Mdl. dict. no. 4.) fruit heart-shaped, an-
gular ; stem herbaceous. ©. H. Native of India ? Capsi-
cum siliquis surrectis cordiformibus angulitis, Tourn. inst. p.
153. Fruit large, pendulous, of 2 forms, obtuse, angular, ra-
ther compressed, usually retuse and bifid at apex. Besser, cat.
krzem. 1811. p. 27. Leaves wrinkled. Fruit red or scarlet,
sometimes formed like a mitre at top, and sometimes campanu-
late. More tender than the other annual kinds.
.^n^M/ar-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, July.
Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 C. JIille'ri (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 563.) stem
herbaceous; fruit round, glabrous. ©, ? H. Native of New
Spain, Miller. C. cerasiforme. Mill. dict. no. 5. Capsicum
siliquis surrectis cerasiformis, Tourn. inst. 153. Leaves fasci-
cled, pale green, on long petioles. Fruit red, size and shape of
a pea. Perhaps only a variety of C. annuum.
Miller's Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. Juno, July. Clt. ?
PI. 1 foot.
6 C. coNicuM (Meyer, esseq. p. 112.) herbaceous ; branchlets
downy, terete ; fructiferous calyx almost quite entire ; pedun-
cles twin ; fruit oblong-conical, erect ; leaves solitary, rarely
twin, ovate, acuminated, on short petioles, roughish on botli
surfaces, downy on the veins beneath, as well as the petioles.
©. H. Native about the Essequibo, in plantations. C. fru-
teseens, Rodschied, obs. p. 38. but not of Lin. Peduncles alar
and axillary. Flowers drooping. Fruit croceous, shining.
Co?!!caZ-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. PI. ?
7 C. TETRAGONUM (Mill. dict. no. 3.) herbaceous ; fruit large,
angular, obtuse. ©. H. Native of both Indies. Fing. diss,
t. 10. f. d. Wall. cat. no. 224. Capsicum fructu longo ventre
tumido, per summum, tetragono, Tourn. inst. p. 153. C. cy-
doniforme, Hort. Berries always red, crowded, 1-2 inches
long, subtetragonal at top, usually pendulous, rarely erect.
T(?/)-«g'OHa/-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June,
July. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * Shrubby. Berries pendulous.
S C. spHa;'RicuM (Willd. enum. 1. p. 241.) fruit globose;
petioles glabrous ; stem shrubby. 1; . S. Native of India ?
Fing. diss. t. 9. f. a. C. cerasiforme. Wall. cat. no. 221.
Shrub middle-sized ; branches dichotomous. Leaves ovate,
acuminated, glabrous. Fruit size of a cherry. Said to differ
from C. cerasiforme in the fruit being pendulous.
Spherical-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. April,
July. Clt. 1807. Shrub 2 feet.
9 C. OVARIUM (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 86.) fruit
ovate, acuminated ; petioles and leaves glabrous ; stem shrubby.
fj . S. Native country unknown. Peduncles shorter than the
petioles. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Berry colour and size of a
cherry, but ovate, pendulous. It differs from C. sphce'ricum
only in the shape of the fruit.
Otia<e-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, Sept.
Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
10 C. pe'ndulum (Willd. enum. 1. p. 242.) fruit oblong;
petioles downy ; stem shrubby. ^ . S. Native country un-
known. C. grossum, ji, Schultes, obs. no. 299. Fruit an inch
long, red.
Pendulous-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. April,
July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
11 C. lu'tkum (Lam. ill. 2. no. 2392.) fruit ovate, 3-celled ;
branches and petioles hairy; stem shrubby, flexuous. 1; . S.
Native of the East Indies. Stem subtetragonal. Leaves gla-
brous, twin, or 4-5 in a fascicle. Flowers solitary or fascicled,
supra-axillary. Corolla small, white, with short acute segments.
Fruit yellow, oblong, middle-sized, on hardly recurved pedun-
cles, downy.
l't'//o;ii-fruited Capsicum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
12 C. GROSSUM (Lin. syst. 22G.) fructiferous calyx bowl-
shaped, spreading, sinuately toothed ; fructiferous peduncles
solitary, erect, or reflexed ; berry oblong or ovate, torose ;
leaves ovate, acuminated ; branches downy. I; . S. Native of
India. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 62. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
260. Wall. cat. no. 2643.A.— Besl. hort. eyst. 2. t. 2. f. 1.
Fruit large, pale red.
Var. li ; branches smoothish ; fruit pendulous ; leaves
broader, very unequal at the base, subrcpand, or cut a little.
l2 . S. Native of India. C. grossum, Wall. cat. no. 2643. B.
446
SOLANACE^. IV. Capsicum.
J'ar. y, cordatum (Fing. diss. t. 6. f. a.) fruit cordate.
1'ar. 0 1 pomiferum (Martius, hort. erl. p. 65.) stem downy ;
fruit large, globose.
Var. t, globbsmn (Besser. cat. Krzem. 1811. p. 27.) fruit
globosely depre-sed, erect.
Var. (, luteum (Bess. 1. c.) fruit ovate-conical, yellow, erect or
drooping. Scliultes, obs. p. 45. no. 299.
Jar. r], bifidum ; fruit bifid. Capsicum fructu bifido, Tourn.
inst. mant. p. 152.
Z/flj-g-e-fruited Capsicum, or Bell Pepper. Fl. July. Clt.
1759. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
13 C. Havane'nse (H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 49.)
iVutescent, dichotomous, divaricate ; stem glabrous, striated,
terete ; branches angular ; leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous ; pe-
duncles solitary, fructiferous ones reflexed ; berries oblong. Ij .
S. Native of Cuba, on the sea beach, among sand about the
Havana. Leaves solitary, rounded at the base, running into
the petioles, which are smoothish. Berry red, half an inch
long, girded by the calyx.
Havana Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Shrub.
* * * Shrubby/. Fruit erect.
14 C. conoi'des (Mill. diet. no. 8.) stem suffrutescent ; fruit
ovate-conical, erect. Ij . S. Native of both Indies. C. coni-
cum. Lam. ill. no. 2390. C. erectum, var. annuum. Mart. enum.
hort. erl. p. 65. C. cerasiforme, B, macrocarpum, Besser. cat.
lion. Krzem. 1811. p. 27. — Lob. icon. 317.? Shrub glabrous.
Leaves lanceolate, acute. Flowers extra-axillary. Calyx cam-
panulate, with 5 short teeth. Corolla cream-coloured.
Conoirf-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1750. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
15 C. i'vramida'le (Mill. diet. no. 1. Fing. diss. t. 3. f. 1.)
stem shrubby; leaves linear-lanceolate; fruit pyramidal, erect,
yellow. Tj . S. Native of Egypt. Perhaps C. torulosiim of
Jacq. hort. vind.
Pyramidal-irmiedi Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. April,
July. Clt. 1750. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
16 C. CERASIFORME (Willd. spcc. 1. p. 1651. exclusive of
the syn. of Mill. enum. 1. p. 242.) fruit globose; petioles gla-
brous ; stem shrubby. Tj . S. Native country unknown. Very
like C.frutescens ; but is distinguished from that species in the
fruit being globose, and the size of a cherry, red or yellow.
Cherry-formed-hu'ned Capsicum, or Cherry Pepper. Fl.
June, Sept. Clt. 1739. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
17 C. CERAsiiLORUM (Link, enum. 1. p. 190.) young petioles
ciliated ; berries erect, globose, solitary. Tj . S. Native coun-
try unknown. Very nearly allied to C. cerasiforme, but differs
in the petioles being ciliated.
Cherry-Jiorvered Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, Sept.
Clt. 1823. Shrub.
18 C. frute'scens (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 59. spec. 271.) fructi-
ferous calyx cylindrical, subtruncate; fructiferous peduncles soli-
tary ; berry conically attenuated, incurved ; leaves oval, acumi-
nated at both ends ; petioles and branches, which are angular,
downy. T^.S. Native of India. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1051. Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 201. Blum, bijdr. 704. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p.
48. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 63. Capsicum minus rubrum
et flavum, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 248. t. 88. f. 1 — 3. Capo Molago,
Rheed. mal. 2. p. 109. t. 56. Corolla white. Fruit size of an olive,
red or copper-coloured, or reddish-yellow. The red-fruited
kind is called Tschili-cuning, and the yellow-fruited sort Tschi-
li-mera. This species also furnishes the Cayenne-pepper of the
shops. The ripe pods are dried in the sun, and then in an oven,
after bread is baked, in an earthen or stone pot, with flour be-
tween the strata of pods. When quite dry they are cleaned
from the flour, and beaten or ground to fine powder. To every
ounce of this a pound of wheat flour is added, and it is made
into small cakes with leaven ; these are baked again, that they
may be as dry and hard as biscuit, and then are beaten into
powder and sifted. It is then fit for use as a pepper, or for
being packed in a compressed state, and so as to exclude air,
for exportation.
Var. j3, tortdbsum (Jacq. hort. vind.) fruit twice as large as
the species.
Frutescent Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1756. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
19 C. Bi'coLOR (Jacq. fragm. t. 99. f. 1.) fruit oblong, mu-
cronate ; petioles glabrous ; stem shrubby. Pj . S. Native of
the West Indies. Sims. bot. mag. 1835. C. nigrum, Willd.
enum. 1. p. 242. C. violaceum, Brouss. elench. monsp. 1804.
Desf. tabl. de I'ecole, p. 83. D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813.
p. 87. Flowers large, subviolaceous. Fruit black or dark
purple. Calyx campanulate, obsoletely 5-toothed.
Two-coloured Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, Sept.
Clt. 1804. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
20 C. purpu'rel'm (Vahl, herb, ex Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p.
224.) peduncles generally solitary ; fruit oblong, erect, mucro-
nate ; petioles glabrous ; stem shrubby ; branches divaricate.
y^ . S. Native country unknown. Stem dark purple ; branches
striped with dark purple ; and the leaves spotted with the same
colour.
Purple Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ?
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
21 C. ciiAMyECE'RASus (Nces, in. Lin. trans. 17. p. 65.) fru-
tescent ; branches subtetragonal, contracted, glabrous ; fructi-
ferous calyx loose, large, cup-shaped, quite entire ; peduncles
solitary, erect ; berry globose ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous. ^Q .
S. Native of India. C. cerasiforme, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 325.
but not of Willd. C. purpiireum. Wall. cat. suppl. no. 206.
This species differs from C. cerasiforme in the large, cup-
shaped, entire calyx.
/a/xe-c/(e;ry-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Shrub.
§ 2. Peduncles generally twin. Fruit erect or -pendulous.
* Shrubby. Berries erect.
22 C. fastigia'tom (Blum, bijdr. 705.) frutescent; branches
tetragonal, fastigiate, diverging, pubescently scabrous ; fructi-
ferous calyx subcylindrically truncate ; fructiferous peduncles
generally twin, erect ; berry oblong-cylindrical, straight ; leaves
oval or lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, minutely and serru-
lately ciliated. I; . S. Native of India. C. frutescens, Lin. spec.
1. p. 271. but not of hort. cliff. Burm. fl. ind. p. 58. Fing. diss,
exclusive of many of the synonymes. C. minimum, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 201. but not of Mill.
Fastigiate-hianchei Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June,
Sept. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
23 C. globi'ferum (Meyer, esseq. p. 113.) frutescent;
branches terete, tubercular ; fructiferous calyx nearly entire ; pe-
duncles twin ; fruit globose, erect ; leaves twin or solitary,
ovate, acuminated at both ends, subciliated. h^ . S. Native in
plantations about the Essequibo. C. baccatum, Rodschied, obs.
p. 38. Branches glabrous. Leaves rather scabrous on both
surfaces, downy while young. Flowers minute, drooping.
Berry size of a small cherry, pale yellow.
Globe-bearing Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 feet.
24 C. microca'rpum (Brouss. elench. 1804. p. 12. D. C.
cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 86.) frutescent; petioles and leaves
downy ; calyx with 5 subulate spreading teeth ; peduncles
twin ; fruit ovate, erect. Ij . S. Native country unknown.
Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 958. C. ciliare, Willd. enum. 1. p.
243.? Flowers small, white, furnished with 10 green spots on
the lower part of the limb. Pedicels striated, downy, ex D. C.
SOLANACEiE. IV. Capsicum. V. Puysalis.
447
Petioles ciliated on the margins ; peduncles longer than in C.
baccalum, ex Willd. Fruit a little smaller than in C. bac-
calum.
Small-fruited Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. April, July.
Clt. 18^0. Shrub 2 feet.
25 C. mi'nimum (Mill. diet. no. 10.) stem shrubby; fruit
small, ovate, erect. Tj . S. Native country unknown. C. bac-
citum, var. /3, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 326.
Smallcst-t'ruhed Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. April, July.
Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
26 C. bacca'tum (Lin. syst. p. 226. Mill. diet. no. 9.)
frutescent ; branches angular, striated ; leaves oblong, glabrous,
as well as the petioles ; calyx urceolate, obsoletely 5-toothed ;
peduncles twin ; fruit erect, almost globose. Jj . S. Native of
tropical America, and now cultivated in India and Guinea.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1050. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 49.
Afz. rem. guin. coll. 2. p. 12. C. frutescens, /J, Lin. spec. 271.
— Sloane, hist. 1. p. 240. t. 116. f. 2.— Rumph. amb. 5. p. 147.
t. 88. f. 2. Flowers greenish. Fruit small, ovate. The calyx
is said to have 5 subulate teeth according to Lin. ; but accord-
ing to H. B. et Kunth it is obsoletely 5-toothed ; there are,
therefore, probably two distinct species, confounded under the
name of C. buccatum.
Berried Capsicum, or Bird Pepper. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1731. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
27 C. micra'nthum (Link, enum. 1. p. 190.) calyxes very
blunt ; leaves ovate, acuminated ; petioles ciliated. I? . S.
Native of Brazil. Leaves as in C. microciirpum, and with the
calyx always entire, and the fruit cylindrical, 6 lines long. Pe-
duncles twin.
Small-Jloivered Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. May, June.
Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
* * Shrubby. Berries pendulous.
28 C. Sine'nse (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 67.) frutescent ;
branches flexuous, divaricate, angular ; leaves large, ovate, acu-
minated, on slender, filiform, downy pedicels ; calyx entire ;
fruit ovate, pendulous, twin. ^ . G. Native of China. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1051. Lam. ill. 2394. Flowers 4-5 in a fascicle
in the spontaneous plant, supra-axillary, but twin or solitary in
the cultivated plant. Corolla dirty white. Berry yellow, gla-
brous, mucronate by the style.
China Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1807. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
f Species hardly known.
29 C. vioL.\'cEUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 49.) suf-
fruticose ; branchlets angular, rather scabrous, downy while
young ; but the branches are terete ; leaves ovate-oblong, acu-
minated, puberulous ; flowers solitary or twin, drooping ; calyx
urceolate, hairy, with 7 acute teeth : berries oblong. Pj . S.
Native near the city of Quito, in cultivated places, at the alti-
tude of 1500 hexapods, where it is called Aji by the natives.
C. Quitense, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 809.
Shrub much branched. Leaves solitary ? twin, ex Bonpl,, run-
ning into the petioles at the base ; petioles puberulous. Flowers
extra-axillary. Corolla violaceous, hairy outside ; throat white ;
limb 7-cleft ; segments ovate, acuminated, equal. Stamens 7,
inserted in the upper part of the tube. Stigma somewhat 2-
lobed. Berry dry, oblong, red, 3-6 inches long.
Fio/«ccoui-flowered Capsicum, or Chilli Pejjper. Shrub.
30 C. Hamiltonii ; stem shrubby, biennial, about 3 feet
high, erectish, violaceous; leaves dark violet; immature ber-
ries red, of a dark violet colour when mature, short, bluntly
conical. $ . S. Native of the Island of Nevis, in gardens.
C. violaceum, Desf. cat. hort. par. Hamilt. prod. p. 25, but not
of H. B. et Kunth.
Hamilton's Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Fl. Year. Shrub 3
feet.
31 C. c^rule'scens (Bess. cat. hort. Krzem. p. 27.) Said
to be nearly allied to C. bicolor ; but differs in the stem and
leaves being green ; in the fruit being one half shorter, and
diffbrmed, bluntly angular, retuse, and at length oran^e-
coloured.
Bluish Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Shrub ?
32 C. AOGREGATUM (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 809.) peduncles aggregate, pubescent ; leaves downy
above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. fj . S. Na-
tive country unknown.
Aggregate Capsicum, or Chilli Pepper. Shrub.
33 C. WiLDENowii ; peduncles twin ; fruit globose, small ;
branches and petioles downy ; stem shrubby. Ij . S. Native
of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. C. microcarpum, Willd.
rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 808.
Willdenoivs Capsicum, or Chili Pepper. Shrub.
fie.— The green pods, or inflated berries, of all the species
and their varieties, are used for pickling. They are sometimes
also used in their ripe state, when they form a spice of the
hottest quality, known by the name of Cayenne-pepper. The
fruit of C. grossum are deemed better for pickling than the
others, the skin being thick, pulpy, and tender.
Culture. — All the species, with their varieties, are raised
from seed : a small parcel, or the produce of two pods, will be a
sufficient quantity of each, or of any one variety, for ordinary
supply. Sow all the annual sorts at the end of March, or begin-
ning or vniddle of April, in a moderate hot-bed, under a frame.
Cover the seed a quarter of an inch deep. When the plants are
2 or 3 inches in growth, prick some into a new, moderate hot-
bed, to forward them for final transplanting; or, in default of
this, prick them into a bed of natural earth, at the beginning of
May, if fine, settled, warm weather : defend them with a frame
or awning of mats at night, or in cold weather. Give water
lightly at planting, and occasionally afterwards in moderate sup-
plies, to assist their fresh rooting and subsequent growth. At
the beginning of June, when the weather is settled warm, trans-
plant them into the open garden, in beds of light rich earth,
from 12 to 18 inches apart, giving water. They will thus ad-
vance freely, flower in July or August, and produce plenty of
pods from August till the end of September. Under the defi-
ciency of a hot-bed or stove, or for succession, annual capsicums
may be raised in a bed of light rich earth, under a hand-glass;
but the sowing must be deferred to fine warm weather in May.
Give the plants air in the day, but cover them close at night, till
danger from frost is over. At the close of June transplant as
above. The perennial and shrubby species may be wintered in
the stove.
To save seed. — Leave one or two of the largest and hand-
somest shaped pods to ripen in autumn ; after gathering them,
the best way is to hang them up in a dry place, and not take
out the seeds till wanted for sowing in spring.
V. PHY'SALIS (from ^i/o-a, physa, a bladder ; in reference
to the inflated calyx.) Lin. gen. no. 250. Schreb. gen. no.
336. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 238. t. 131. Juss. gen. p. 126. ed.
Usteri, p. 140. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 12.
Nees, in Linnsea, 6. p. 449. and Lin. trans. 17. p. 66. — Alke-
kengi, Tourn. inst. p. 151. t. 64.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla campanulately rotate, (jlicate, 5-lobed. Anthers connivent,
dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma capitate. Berry 2-celled, many-
seeded, covered by the unarmed, membranous, angular, inflatid
calyx ; placentas adnate. — Annual or perennial herbs, rarely
shrubs. Stems angular. Leaves scattered, sometimes twin,
448
SOLANACE^. V. Physalis.
entire or lobed. Flowers lateral or extra-alar, solitary or aggre-
gate. Corollas greenish, white, yellow, or blue.
Sect. I. Physalodendron (from ipvauXtc, 2'>hysalis, winter
cherry; and ctrcpov, dcndron, a tree ; in allusion to the species
being woody.) Shrubby. Flowers aggregate.
1 P. somni'fera (Link, enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 180. Nees,
in Linnsea, 6. p. 453.) shrubby; leaves quite entire; flowers
crowded, nearly sessile, sub-verticillate. ^. G. Native of the
East Indies ; and the South of Europe ; in the Grecian Islands,
Spain, S;c. Corolla yellov\ ish-green. Berry small, red.
Jar. a,Jiexudsa (Nees, in Linnsea, 6. p. 454. in Lin. trans.
17. p. 66.) stem more flexuous ; leaves pubescent, or pubescently
tomentose ; flowers smaller ; segments of the calyx about equal
in length to the tube, ^ . G. Native of the East Indies, and
the South of Europe. P. flexuosa, Lin. spec. p. 261. Jacq.
eclog. 1. t. 23. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 240. Wall. cat. no. 2Ga5.
P. Suqunda, Hamilt. herb. P. Alpini, Jacq. eclog. 1. p. 39.
Pavetti, Alp. exot. p. 71. t. 70. ? Leaves smoothish or downy,
canescent. Stem woolly or downy.
Jar. /3, somnifera (Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 67.) stem less,
flexuous ; flowers one half larger ; segments of the calyx some-
times shorter than the tube, and sometimes equal in length to it.
(j . G. Native of the Grecian Islands, Canaries, Mauritius,
and the Cape of Good Hope. P. somnifera, Lin. hort. cliff, p.
62. spec. 261. Mill. diet. no. 6. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t.
233. Cav. icon. 2. p. 2. t. 103. Jacq. eclog. 1. t. 22. Phy-
saloides somnifera, Moench, meth. p. 473. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 526.
sect. 13. t. 3. f. 20. — Tourn. inst. p. 151. 2rpux>'0c vwi-otl-
Koc, Diosc. mat. lib. 4. cap. 73. P. arborescens, Thunb. prod,
p. 37. fl. cap. 1. p. 191. P. tomentosa, Sieb. fl. maur. 2.
no. 226. Plant downy. Calyx greenish-yellow, or red. Co-
rolla yellowish.
Somniferous Winter Cherry. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1759, ft.
1796. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 P. arbore'scens (Willd. herb. Lin. spec. p. 261. ? Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1020. ?) stem arborescent; leaves repandly toothed;
flowers aggregate, pendulous ; corolla 5-parted. Ij . S. Na-
tive of Mexico, about Campeachy. Mill. diet. no. 8. t. 206. f. 2.
Leaves canescent, tomentose. Corolla tomentose outside, fuscous.
This is the species described by Nees, in Linnaea ; but the plant
is described by Linnaeus as follows: "Stem fruticose ; leaves
ovate, pilose ; flowers solitary or twin ; corollas revolute."
The leaves are also said to be dark green above, and woolly be-
neath : upper ones twin. Corolla is said to be yellow, marked
with brown spots inside, and the berry round, red, and the calyx
liecoming dark purple in the fructiferous state. The plant of
Nees, and that of Linna?us, are, however, probably the same,
notwithstanding the apparent difference in the characters given
to it by them.
Arborescent Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1700.
Shrub 4 to 12 feet.
Sect. II. Eurostorhiza (from evpM<TToc,eurostus, robust; and
ptiia, rhiza, a root ; in reference to the strong roots of the
species.) Frutescent or herbaceous, with strong roots, and
permanent bases of the stems. Flowers solitary. Alabastra
while closed large for the size of the corolla, venlricose.
3 P. viscosA (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 496. spec. p. 261.) herbace-
ous, scabrous from bi-trifurcate, short hairs ; root perennial,
creeping, scabrous; stem dichotomous ; leaves ovate, or sub-
cordate, entire, or toothed ; flowers almost spotless ; segments
of calyx unequal, broad, ovate. 1/. H. Native of Brazil;
and of Virginia, and from Pennsylvania to Carolina in North
America. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 167. P. Pennsvlvanica,
Lin. spec. 1670. Pursh, I. c. p. 1C7. — Dill. hort. elth. p.
11. t. 10. f. 10. The whole plant is beset with short, 2-3-4-
forked bristles, seated on minute tubercles : upper leaves
twin, unequal. Corolla yellow, marked with a paler star in
the centre. Berry ovate, or turbinate, umbilicate, smooth, vis-
cid, orange-coloured, rather acid, and not disagreeable to the
taste.
Var. ft, Jacqutni ; leaves ovate, repandly toothed, often
acutish, smaller. I^.H. Native from Pennsylvania to Caro-
lina. P. viscosa, Jacq. vind. 2. t. 136. P. Jacquini, Link,
enum. 1. p. 180. P. Pennsylvanica, Lin. spec. 1670. Mill,
diet. no. 3. P. tomentosa, Walt. fl. carol, p. 99. In P. Penn-
sylvanica the stems are said to be procumbent, the flowers twin,
and the berries small, red, size of a pea.
C/n7?m(?/-berried Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1699,
B. 1720.' PI. 1 to 3 feet.
4 P. lanceola'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 149. Pursh.
fl. 1. p. 157.) plant dwarf, downy; leaves almost sessile, oval-
lanceolate, almost entire, green on both surfaces, and rather
downy; calyx villous; stem dichotomous. 1^.? H. Na-
tive of Lower Carolina. P. Virginiana, Mill. diet. no. 4. t.
206. f. 1.? Leaves tapering gradually into the petioles at the
base. Corolla sulphur-coloured, with a dark purple bottom.
Berry yellow, ex Mill.
Lanceulate-leaved Winter Cherry. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 P. Walte'ri (Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 112.)
perennial, clothed with powdery tomentum, much branched,
dichotomous ; leaves twin, broad, ovate, obtuse, on long peti-
oles, entire ; peduncles solitary, nutant ; fructiferous calyx
smoothish. If.. H. Native of South Carolina. P. lanceolata,
Elliott, but not of Michx. Leaves green above.
Walters Winter Cherry. PL 1 foot ?
6 P. angustifolia (Nutt. 1. c. p. 113.) perennial, quite gla-
brous, prostrate, dwarf; leaves very long, linear, fleshy, soli-
tary; pedimcles nutant, filiform. If. H. Native of West
Florida. Leaves 3 inches long.
Narrow-leaved Winter Cherry. PI. prostrate.
7 P. Curassa'vica (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 62. spec. 261.) shrubby,
clothed with viscid down ; down simple, articulated ; stem
erect ; leaves ovate, repand ; flowers solitary, spotless ; calyx
hairy, with subulate segments. % . S. Native of Cura^oa.
Mill. diet. no. 5. P. origanifolia. Lam. ill. gen. no. 2398. —
Mor. hist. 3. p. 527.— Plukn. phyt. t. 111. f 5. Calyx cylin-
drically campanulale, not angular, densely hairy. Corolla sinu-
ately 5-angled, yellow. Berry greenish-yellow. This species
differs from P. viscosa, in the down being simple, not forked,
in the calyx being densely hairy and smaller, and in its seg-
ments being short and subulate, and in the bottom of the corolla
being pale.
Cura^oa Winter Cherry. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1699. PI.
U foot.
8 P. Alkeke'ngi (Lin. spec. p. 262.) herbaceous, downy from
simple hairs ; root perennial, creeping ; stem almost siinple ;
leaves ovate-deltoid, acuminated, repand ; flowers spotless ;
fructiferous calyx ovate, coloured : segments subidate. 11 . H.
Native of Europe, on exposed parts of hills ; and of Japan ?
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1022. Sibth et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 234. Schkuhr,
handb. t. 45. P. Halicacabum, Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2d. no. 286.
Alkekengi officinarum, Tourn. inst. p. 151. 'Sirpvy^voc ukina-
Kaftog, Diosc. lib. 4. chap. 72. — Plench, off. t. 124. — Blackw. t.
161. Corolla dirty white. Calyx reddish yellow, inclosing a
scarlet berry. The berries of the Alkekengi, or Winter Cherry,
were well known to the ancients, and are described by Dioscori-
des. They have an acidulous, and not unpleasant flavour, fol-
lowed by a slight bitterness, which they are said to derive from
the investing calyx. Though esteemed detergent, and aperient,
the fruit is chieflv recommended as a diuretic. From 6 to 12
SOLANACE/E. V. Physalis.
449
berries, or an ounce of tlie expressed juice, is given as a dose.
In some parts of Germany the country people cat tlie fruit by
liandfuls, and in Spain and Switzerland they frequently su|)ply
the place of other eatable fruits. Instances arc related of their
good effects in dropsical and calculous disorders, but at present
they are wholly disregarded. In some parts they are esteemed
as good as gooseberries for tarts.
Alkekcngi, or Common Winter Clierry. Fl. July, Sept. CIt.
154S. PI. 1 to Ufoot.
9 P. CHENOPODiFOLiA (Lam. ill. no. 2401. Poir. suppl. 2. p.
348.) herbaceous, perennial, tuberous at the base, clothed with
hoary, simple tomentum ; stem erect, dichotomous ; leaves del-
toid-ovate, angularly-toothed ; corolla spotted ; anthers viola-
ceous ; fructiferous calyx ovate, angular, pale. If. S. Native
of Peru. P. tuberosa, Willd. enum. 1. p. 232. P. incana.
Cat. hort. par. Root thick, branched. Leaves small for the
size of the plant : superior ones twin, unequal. Flowers droop-
ing. Calyx pubescently tomentose, bifid to the middle, with the
segments unequal. Corolla downy outside, yellow, marked
with 5 square, dark, violaceous spots at the bottom. Berry
yellow, clammy. This species often occurs in gardens under
the name of P. viscosa.
Goosefoot-leaved Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
10 P. heterophy'lla (Nees, in Linnsea, 6. p. 463.) herbace-
ous, villous, with a perennial root ; branches diffuse, angular,
flexuous ; leaves twin, very unequal in size, ovate, or cordate,
acute, toothed ; corollas spotted ; anthers yellow ; fructiferous
calyx ovate, angular, pale. 1/ . H. Native of North America,
on argillaceous hills in Pennsylvania, Poeppig. P. Pennsylva-
nica, Willd. herb. P. tomentosa, Walt. fl. car. p. 99. ? P.
nutans, Walt. fl. car. p. 99. ? Root creeping. Stems procum-
bent. Flowers nutant. Calyx hairy, 5-cleft, unequal. Corolla
downy outside, with a repand margin, yellow, marked by 5
obscure, brownish-violet spots. Leaves almost orbicular, cor-
date, and ovate, and repand in various ways.
Variable- leaved Winter Cherry. PI. procumbent.
11 P. Peruvia'na (Nees in Linnsea, G. p. 464. and Lin. trans.
17. p. 67.) herbaceous, perennial, densely and pubescently vil-
lous from simple hairs ; stem erect, branched a little ; leaves
cordate, acuminated, entire, or dentately sinuated, rather tomen-
tose ; corolla spotted ; anthers violaceous ; fructiferous calyx
ovate, nearly equal, pale. TJ. . G. Native of Peru, about
Lima ; East Indies ; New Holland, at Port Jackson ; Madeira.
Plant grey from down. Leaves twin. Calyx downy. Corolla
size of that of P. Alkekengi, yellow, marked with 5 brown
spots at the throat. Berry globose, viscid, yellow, sweet-
scented ; they are an excellent substitute for gooseberries in
making tarts, for which they are used in many places.
Var. a, esculenta ; leaves more or less toothed. 1/ . G.
P. esculenta, Willd. in act. nat. car. berol. 4. p. 197. P.
tomentosa. Medic, act. pal. 4. p. 184. t. 4. P. Peruviana,
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 241. Wall. cat. no. 2644.
Var. a, ediilis ; leaves almost quite entire. 2/ . G. P. Peru-
viana, Lin. spec. 1. p. 1670. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1022. enum. 1.
p. 232. P. pubescens, Lin. herb. R. Br. prod. p. 447. Ruiz,
et. Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 41. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 675.
P. tuberosa, Zucc. obs. cent. no. 43. in Roem. coll. p. 130.
D. C. hort. raonsp. 1813. p. 50. P. latifiilia, Lam. ill. no.
2407. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 076. P. Barbadensis,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 102. no. 12. P. edulis, Sims, bot. mag. t.
1068. Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 526. sect.
13. t. 3. f. 17.— Feuill, per. 3. p. 5. t. 1.
Peruvian Winter Cherry. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1772. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
Sect. II. Epeteiorhiza (from tTrtrtioc, epeteios, annual ; and
pifa, rhiza, a root; in reference to the annual roots.) Herba-
ceous, annual ; root slender. Flowers solitary. Alabastruni
ovate, while closed small in respect to the corolla.
§ I. Fructiferous calyx bladdery, closed.
12 P. pdbe'scens (Lin. .hort. cliff, no. 62. spec. p. 262.)
herbaceous, annual, much branched, clothed with pubescent
tomentum ; leaves unequal at the base, cordate, acuminated,
toothed, but quite entire at the base ; corollas spotted ; anthers
violaceous ; fructiferous calyx ovate, acuminated, acutely angu-
lar, retuse at the base. ©. H. Native of North America, as
of Virginia, Carolina, and Pennsylvania ; East Indies, but harilly
indigenous ; Island of Ascension, but probably introduced.
Pnrsh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 157. P. ramosa. Mill. diet. no. 9.
P. Peruviana, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 241. Wall. cat. no. 2034.
C. D. F. P. Rothiana, Herb. hort. berol. Alkekengi procum-
bens, Moench. meth. 473. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 527. sect. 13. t. 3.
f. 24. P. stamlnea, Muhl. in herb. Willd. P. edulis, Cyr.
Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. Mill. fig. t. 206. f. 1. The whole
plant is densely clothed with minute soft down. Leaves gene-
rally distinctly cordate at the base. Corolla yellow, marked with
5 roundish, brownish-violet spots at the throat. Berries yel-
lowish when ripe, size of cherries ; they are called gooseberries
in many parts, and are used in tarts as a substitute for them.
Var. ft, pruindsa ; leaves also toothed at the base. ©. H.
Native of America. P. pubescens, ft. Lam. diet. 2. p. 101. no.
9. P. pruinosa, Lin. spec. p. 2G3. Roem. et .Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 678. P. Barbadensis, Jacq. misc. 2. p. 359. icon. rar. 1. t.
39. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 676. Willd. enum. 1. p.
232. P. obscura, ft, pubescens, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 157.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 677. no. 21. /3.— Dill. elth. p. 12.
t. 9. f. 9.
Downy Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
1 3 P. fce'tens (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 348.) herbaceous, annual,
clothed with clammy pubescence ; branches dichotomously dif-
fuse ; leaves ovate-elliptic, unequal at the base, acute, coarsely
toothed ; corollas spotted : anthers violaceous ; fructiferous
calyx ovate, ventricose, equal. Q. H. Native of tropical
America. P. footidissima. Lag. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. p. 10.
no. 146. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 680. Link, enum. 1. p.
181. P. nodosa. Lam. ill. p. 29. ? The whole plant is clothed
with capitate, soft, short hairs, of an ungrateful smell, green,
and shining. Stems and branches thickened at the joints.
Corolla rather downy outside, with ciliated edges, sulphur-
coloured, marked with 5 large livid-violaceous spots at the
bottom ; angles acute. Berry nearly globose, yellowish.
Slinking Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
U to 2 feet.
14 P. ^sua'ta (Jacq. fil. eclog. 2. Nees in Linnaea, 6. p.
470.) herbaceous, annual; stem dichotomous, and clothed with
hairy pubescence at the side, as well as the erect, strict branches;
leaves ovate, or oblong, sinuately serrated, glabrous ; corollas
spotted ; anthers violaceous ; fructiferous calyx ovate-sub-
globose, smooth ; pedicels short, hairy. ©. S. Native country
unknown. P. ixocarpa, Brot. ex D. C. hort. monsp. 1813.
Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 26. Upper leaves said to be twin.
Leaves sometimes scabrous on the midrib and veins beneath ;
petioles hairy above. Calyx downy ; segments triangular.
Corolla small, downy outside, yellow, with a blackish violet
bottom. Berry large, yellow, filling the bottom of the calyx.
Equal-c&\yx.eA Winter Cherry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826.
PI. U to 2 feet.
15"P. LiNKiANA (Nees, in Linnaea, 6. p. 471.) herbaceous,
annual, glabrous ; stem branched, rather diffuse ; leaves ovate,
3 M
450
SOLANACEjE. v. Physalis.
acuminated, siiiuately serrated, glabrous : serratures mucronate;
corolla spotless ; anthers violaceous ; fructiferous calyxes ovate,
acuminated, equal; peduncles elongated, glabrous. ©. H.
Native of Brazil. P. dubia. Link, enum. 1. p. 181. P. ixo-
carpa, Brot. hort. bonn. P. angulata, Hort. P. arenaria,
Hort. Vrat. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 526. sect. 13. t. 3. f. 22. Stems
procumbent at length, but erect at first. Upper leaves twin.
Calyx rather scabrous, with triangular, acuminated segments.
Corolla sinuately 5-angled, yellow, with a more obscure, 5-lobed
star in the bottom ; angles acute. Berry globose, yellow.
The variety having the calyx veined with purple is the P.
dubia, Link ; and the one with pale, self-coloured calyx, is P.
arenaria, Hort. Vrat.
Link's Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
16 P. LANCEiFOLiA (Nccs, in Linnsea, -6. p. 473.) herbaceous,
annual, smoothish ; stem dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate, atte-
nuated at both ends, a little toothed ; corolla spotless ; anthers
bluish ; fructiferous calyx pendulous, ovate, equal ? ; peduncles
very long, downy. G. H. Native of Peru, Mexico, and North
America?. P. angulata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 42. Stem
thickened at the nodi, sulcately angular. Leaves sometimes
twin, pale green: lower ones glabrous: upper ones minutely
pubescent about the petioles and principal veins, as well as the
calyx in the same way ; midrib marked by a furrow on both
sides. Corolla downy outside, cream-coloured. Berry globose,
yellow.
Lance-leaved Winter Cherry. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
17 P. angula'ta (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 62. spec. p. 262.) herba-
ceous, annual, much-branched, glabrous ; leaves ovate or
oblong, acute, coarsely, unequally, and dentately serrated, but in
var. ft almost entire ; corolla spotless ; anthers pale blue ; fruc-
tiferous calyx 5 angled, truncate at the base ; the segments
trianjfularly subulate under florescence, about equal in length to
its tube. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1022. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 676, exclusive of var.
/3, and its synonymes. Nees in Linnsea, 6. p. 474, and in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 70. P. obsciira, var. a, glabra, Pursh, fl. 1. p.
157. P. Peruviana, Wall. cat. no. 2634. A. E. G. H. P.
minima, Wall. cat. no. 2633. P. flexuosa, and P. angulata,
Russel, herb. P. angulata, Heyne, herb. P. flexuosa, and P.
Sugunda, Hamilt. herb.— Dill. elth. p. 13. t. 12. f. 12. — Mor.
hist. 3. p. 527. sect. 13. t. 3. f. 27. ?— Rheed. mal. 10. p. 139.
t. 70. Corolla small, short, somewhat campanulate, yellow.
Berry size of a cherry, globular, yellow ?
Var. [i, pdtula ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at the
base and apex; stem diffuse. O- H. Native of Vera Cruz
and Brazil. P. patula. Mill. diet. no. 12.
Var. y, Bonariensis ; leaves oblong, almost quite entire. 0.
H. Native of Buenos Ay res. P. angulata, fl, foliis integerri-
mis, Lin. spec. 262. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 676. — Dill,
elth. p. 12. t. 11. f. 11.
Aiigular-ca\yy.e(li Winter Cherry. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1732. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
18 P. I'ndica (Lam. diet. 2. p. 102. no. 14.) herbaceous,
annual ; stem erect, divaricately dichotomous, and is, as well
as the branches, flexuous, and the petioles clothed with fine
viscid pubescence, roughish ; leaves ovate, or oblong, a little
toothed ; corolla spotless ; anthers yellow ; fructiferous calyx
ovate, rather angular ; the segments triangular under flores-
cence, and not half as long as its tube. ©. H. Native of the
East Indies, and New Holland. Nees in Linnaca, 6. p. 476. P.
parviflora, R. Br. prod. p. 447. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
6S0. P. minima, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 242. Mill. diet. no. 11.
Nicandra I'ndica, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 682. P. Alke-
kengi. Lour. coch. 1. p. 164. P. pseudo-angulata, Blum, bijdr.
p. 706. P. angulata, Willd. P. Peruviana, Wall. cat. no.
2634. — Rumph. amb. 4. p. 61. t. 25. f. 1. Stem dwarf, usually
violaceous, scabrous from short, glandular pubescence, as well
as the branches, which are also viscid. Leaves twin, unequal.
Flowers size and form of those of P. angulata, but more tubu-
lar. Calyx scabrous from viscid down.
Var. fl, microcarpa (Nees, in Linnsea, 6. p. 476.) flowers and
fruit not above half the size of those of the species ; fructifer-
ous calyx almost globose. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. P.
divaricata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 97. P. Peruviana, Wall,
cat. no. 2634. P. angulata, var. fl, Hamilt. herb.
Indian Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
19 P. minima (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 62. spec. 262.) herbaceous,
annual, loosely villous, diffusely branched ; leaves cordate, or
ovate, acuminated, serrately toothed, or almost entire, pilose ;
corolla spotless ; anthers yellow ; fructiferous calyx ovate, an-
gular, hairy : the segments triangularly acuminated under flo-
rescence, and shorter than its tube. ©. H. Native of the
East Indies, and Vera Cruz, Miller.? Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 242.
Nees in Linnsea, 6. p. 479. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 89. P. parvi-
flora. Lag. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. p. 11. no. 147. Willd.
enum. suppl. p. 11. P. Lagascae, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
679. P. villosa. Roth. nov. spec. p. 122. P. Rotliiana, Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 627. P. Peruviana, Wall. cat. no. 2634.
B. et J. P. angulata, P. Peruviana, and P. pubescens, Heyne,
herb. P. Barbadensis, and P. Peruviana, Wight, herb. P.
pubescens, Willd. herb. Pee Inota-jnodien, Rheed. mal. 10.
t. 140. f. 71.? The whole plant is covered with long, white,
clammy hairs. Corolla tubularly campanulate, yellow.
Far. fl, parvijlura ; fruit smaller, ovate, almost globose ;
leaves almost entire. ©. H. P. parviflora, Willd. herb. P.
Abyssinica, et P. parviflora, Willd. herb. Corolla yellow, hardly
spotted at the throat.
Least Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. | to
1 foot.
20 P. prostra'ta (Lher. stirp. p. 43. t. 22.) herbaceous,
annual ; stem much branched, prostrate, villous, as well as the
leaves ; leaves cordate, or ovate-elliptic, repandly-toothed, on
long petioles ; corollas large, blue ; fructiferous calyx globose,
membranous, ribbed. ©. H. Native of Peru, Jacq. coll. 1.
p. 99. icon. rar. 1. t. 38. Andr. bot. rep. t. 75. Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 41. Lam. ill. t. 116. f. 2. P. Limensis,
Retz, obs. 5. p. 22. Physaloides prostr^ta, Moench. Corollas
campanulately funnel-shaped, 1 \ inch in diameter, blue, painted
with deeper purple veins. Berry small, yellowish.
Pros/rate Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1782. PI.
prostrate.
§ 2. Fructiferous calyx open, and filled with the fruit.
21 P. Philade'lphica (Lam. diet. 2. p. 101.) herbaceous,
annual, smoothish ; stem erect, dichotomous, and is, as well as
the branches, strict ; leaves obliquely ovate, acuminated, re-
pandly angular ; corollas spotted, and veiny ; fructiferous calyx
when mature open, girding the berry. ©. H. Native of
North America, from New England to Virginia, in dry places
on the banks of rivers, Pursh. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 157.
Physalis chenopodifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1023. enum. suppl.
p. 11, but not of Lam. PhysJilis ovata, Poir. suppl. 2. p.
348. P. atriplicifolia, Jacq. fragm. p. 58. t. 85. f. a. Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 348. P. megistocarpos, Zucc. obs. cent. no. 56. in
Roem. coll. p. 130. Calyx 5-cleft to the middle, having the
base and veins violaceous. Corolla yellow, marked with 5
violet spots at the bottom, which emit more obscure veins.
Calyx not inflated, as in the other species, but like that of
Saracha, of which it is probably a species.
1
SOLANACE^. V. Physalis. VI. Saraciia.
451
Phdmlelphian Water Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800.
PI. 1 to 1 1 foot.
Sect. III. An6mal.e. Roots perennial. ? Stems herbaceous.
Corolla campanulately funnel-sh.iped, not plicate as in the other
sections. Perhaps a distinct genus.
22 P. Orinoce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. ainer. 3. p.
12.) stem angular, liairy ; leaves quite entire, ovate, sub-acu-
minated, unequal at the base, hairy on the veins and nerves
beneath ; flowers twin ? ; teeth of calyx acute ; corollas funnel-
shaped. 1^.? S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near
Arichuna, and the cataract of the Atures. Corolla 5 times
longer than the calyx, pilose. Berry globose, size of a large
pea, inclosed in the bladdery, reticulated calyx.
Orinoco Winter Cherry. PI.
23 P. Xalape'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 13.) stem angular ?
glabrous, or the branches are marked by a pilose line ; leaves
oblong, acuminated, entire, rather pilose, ciliated ; flowers um-
bellate, pedunculate ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped. %.''.
S. Native of Mexico, between Perote and Xalapa, at the alti-
tude of 700 hexapods. Flowers size of those of the preceding
species ; the fruit also resembling it.
Xalapa Winter Cherry. PI. ?
■j- Species hardly knorvn, or very imperfectly described.
24 P. obscu'ra (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 149.) leaves
subcordate, almost orbicular, acuminated, unequally toothed ;
stem herbaceous, divaricate, much branched ; branches angular.
O. H. Native of Lower Carolina, in sandy fields. P. obscilra,
/3, pubescens, Pursh. fl. 1. p. 157. P. angulata, W^alt. fl. car.
p. 99. Plant clothed with viscid down. Corolla yellow, with
5 brown spots, and bluish anthers. Nearly allied to P.
pruinbsa.
Obscure Winter Cherry. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 P. SUBTRIFLORA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 1. t. 178. f. b.)
stem angular ; leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, villous ; pedun-
cles 2-3-flovvered ; fruit drooping. — Native of Peru. Perhaps
not belonging to the genus.
SubtriJloTvered Winter Cherry. PI.
26 P. pa'tula (Mill. diet. no. 12.) much branched, spread-
ing ; branches angular, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, pinnately-
toothed. ©. H. Native of Vera Cruz, Houston. Humble.
Leaves woolly. Flowers small, white. Berry small, yellowish.
Spreading Winter Cherry. PI. humble.
27 P. viiLosA (Mill. diet. no. 13.) much branched; branches
villous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrately toothed. ©. H.
Native of Vera Cruz, Houston. Flowers small, pale yellow.
Berry globose, yellowish green, size of a cherry.
J'illous Winter Cherry. PI.?
28 P. corda'ta (Mill. diet. no. 14.) stem erect, branched;
leaves ovate, serrate-toothed ; petioles and peduncles very long.
Q. H. Native of Vera Cruz, Houston. Leaves purple in
autumn, like those of Lamium. Flowers small, white. Berry
large, size of a cherry, greenish yellow, striped with purple.
Corrfa<(?-leaved Winter Cherry. PI. 2 feet.
29 P. ma'xima (Mill. diet. no. 15.) stem erect, branched;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, clammy; fruit large, cordate. ©. H.
Native of Vera Cruz, Houston. Stem glabrous, almost 3 feet
high. Leaves on long petioles. Flowers small, cream-coloured.
Berry pale yellow.
Largest Winter Cherry. PI. 3 feet.
30 P. lu'tea (Medic, act. palat. 4. phys. p. 186.) fructiferous
calyxes pear-formed, unopen, almost filled by the berry ; corol-
las spotless. %. . H. Native country unknown. Said to be
allied to P. viscdsii, but differs in the fructiferous calyx bein"
oblong, w ith 1 0 elevated angles.
Yellow Winter Cherry. PI. ?
31 P. ramosa (Forsk. fl. arab. p. 204.) leaves solitary and
twin, broadly ovate, acute, sinuately toothed, rather villous. Q.
H. Native of Arabia, at Uahfad. Habit of P. alkelcengi, but
the calyx is much inflated and pentagonal. Corolla yellow.
Berry dry, red.
Branched Winter Cherry. PI. ?
32 P. nu'tans (Walt. fl. carol, p. 99.) leaves alternate, ovate,
and are, as well as the stem, which is rather angular, tomentose;
flowers solitary, drooping. G-'H. Native of Carolina.
Drooping Winter Cherry. PI. ?
33 P. mucronata (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 11, without any
diagnosis.) Nothing is known of this plant but the name.
Mucronatc Winter Cherry. PI. 1 foot.
34 P. micra'ntha (Link, enum. 1. p. 181.) hairy; leaves
cordate, acute, toothed ; peduncles axillary, at length reflexed ;
calyx angular, with acute segments. ©. H. Native country
unknown. P. parviflora, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 11. Nearly
allied to P. pubescens, and probably only a variety of it. Corolla
small, yellow.
Sjnall flowered Winter Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Solanum, p. 442.
VI. SARA'CHA (named by Ruiz, and Pavon, after Isodore
Saracha, a Benedictine monk much attached to the study of
botany, and who enriched the royal gardens at Madrid with
many rare plants.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 42. t. 178.
prod. p. 349. Bellinia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. Ivi. and
p. 687.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx carapanulate, 5-
angled, 5-cleft ; segments ovate, permanent. Corolla campa-
nulately rotate : with 5 equal, reflexed lobes, and furnished
with 5 nectariferous pits at the base. Anthers cordate, straight,
dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma capitate. Berry globose, 1-2-
celled, half inclosed in the hardly inflated calyx, almost to the
middle ; placenta fleshy. Seeds many, compressed, reniform. —
Usually herbaceous, procumbent, or erect plants. Leaves alter-
nate, petiolatc, entire, usually twin, especially the upper ones.
Peduncles from the forks of the stem, or axils of the leaves, 2
or many flowered, usually umbellate and drooping. Saracha
only differs from Solanum in the filaments being woolly at the
base, and closing up the mouth of the tube of the corolla ; and
by its cordate anthers, with the cells opening lengthwise.
* Annual Plants.
1 S. procu'mbens (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 43. t. 180. f.
b.) herbaceous, procumbent ; leaves twin, unequal, ovate, quite
entire, glabrous in the adult state, but when young villous on the
margins and back ; flowers umbellate, drooping ; filaments gla-
brous. ©. H. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta.
A'tropa procumbens, Cav. icon. 1. p. 53. t. 72. Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. t. 492. A'tropa plicata, Roth, catalect. 2. p. 24.
Physalis solanicea, Mentens ex Roth, 1. c. Solanum procum-
bens, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 611. Bellinia procumbens, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 687. Stem dichotomous, furrowed, downy,
angular. Leaves rarely solitary. Peduncles axillary, 2-3-4-
flowered ; pedicels and calyxes villous. Corolla cream-co-
loured, with a green centre, and downy margin. Berry shining,
size of a pea.
Procumbent Saracha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PL proc.
2 S. UMBELLA TA (D. C. Cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 112.)
herbaceous, erect, hairy, much branched ; leaves ov.-xte, wrin-
kled, entire, shining, acute, scabrous : floral ones twm ; flow-
3 M 2
452
SOLANACE^. VI. Saracha. VII. Witheringia.
ers umbellate, drooping; filaments bearded at the base. ©•
H. Native of Peru. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 85. A'tropa umbel-
lata, Rolh, catal. 2. p. 26. Jacq. scboenbr. t. 493. A'tropa
Rothii, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 610. Bellinia umbellata, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 688. Stem solitary, dichotomous. Leaves
canescent beneatli, green above, entire, and sometimes slightly
angular. Umbels pedunculate, 7-10-flowered, axillary, solitary.
Corolla plicate, cream-coloured, or greenish-white, smaller than
those of S. 2'rocumbens. Berry dark purple.
Umbel tate-Rowered Saracha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
3 S. coNTORTA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. t. 180. f. a.) herba-
ceous, erect ; leaves ovate, angularly toothed, downy, and quite
entire : upper floral ones twin ; flowers umbellate drooping, pe-
dunculate ; filaments villous at the base. O. H. Native of
Peru, from Canta to Obragillo. Bellinia contorts, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 689. A'tropa contorta, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
699. Stem furrowed, glabrous, branched, of a livid violaceous
colour at bottom ; branches dichotomous, downy- Peduncles
and pedicels twisted. Umbels 6-10-flowered. Corolla cream-
coloured, rather large. Berry black, globose, size of a pea.
Twisted-YieiViceWed Saracha. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
* * Shrubby Plants.
4 S. puncta'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 42. t. 178.) suf-
fruticose, erect ; leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, glabrous
above, and powdery beneath ; pedicels 1-flowered, unequal,
aggregate, axillary and terminal ; corollas spotted. 1} • G.
Native of Peru, in elevated places. Bellinia punctata, Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 688. A'tropa punctata, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 698. Branches angular, downy while young. Pedicels a
little longer than the corollas. Calyx glabrous. Corolla large,
campanulate, powdery outside, yellowish, and marked with
small purple spots.
Dotted-RowereA Saracha. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
5 S. Zuccagnia'na ; frutescent, erect ; stem villous, 4-5-
angled ; leaves solitary or twin, ovate-cordate, rather villous,
entire ; common peduncle villous, between the petioles of the
twin leaves, bearing an umbel of pedicellate drooping flowers.
^. G. Native of America? A'tropa erecta, Zucc. cent, in
Roem. coll. p. 129. no. 41. Angles of stem violaceous. Leaves
glabrous above, but the margins and nerves beneath are villous.
Umbels 2-3-4-flowered. Segments of calyx ciliated. Corolla
greenish-yellow, rotate, marked by 10 twin green spots at bot-
tom ; limb pentagonal, ciliated, revolute. Filaments villous at
the base. Berry globose, glabrous, 2-celled.
Zuccagni's .Saracha. Shrub.
6 S. viLLosA ; stem frutescent ; leaves cordate-ovate, acumi-
nated, quite entire, very villous : rameal ones twin, unequal ;
umbels axillary, many-flowered, drooping ; limb of corolla 5-
cleft. Tj . G. Native of Peru ? A'tropa villosa, Zucc. in Roem.
coll. p. 1 30. no. 42. Roem. et Schidtes, syst. 4. p. 684. Stem
pentagonal, violaceous at the base, furrowed, villous, as well as
the branches, which are tetragonal. Common peduncle horizon-
tal, solitary, between the petioles of the twin leaves ; pedicels
8-9, papillose. Corolla greenish-yellow, rotate ; limb penta-
gonal ; segments ciliated. Evidently a species of Saracha.
Villous Saracha. Shrub erect.
7 S. DENTA^TA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 176. f. b.) herba-
ceous, procumbent, downy ; leaves entire and toothed, ovate,
twin ; peduncles usually 4-flowered, subumbellate, lateral and
terminal, inclinate. 1/ . G. Native of Peru, along with S.
punctata. Bellinia dentata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 689.
A'tropa dentata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 699. Pedicels unequal,
short. Corolla whitish-violet, villous, campanulate, marked by
5 green spots. Berry copper-coloured, size of a pea.
Toothed-\ea.vcdL Saracha. PI. procumbent.
8 S. BiFLORA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 42. t. 179.) herba-
ceous, erect, downy ; leaves ovate, usually twin ; peduncles ax-
illary, 2, rarely 3-flowered ; flowers pendulous. 1(;.G. Native
of Peru, in corn-fields. Bellinia biflora, Roem. et .Schultes,
syst. 2. p. 689. Branches angular. Corolla greenish-yellow.
Stamens twice as long as the corolla. Berry white, size of a
pea, a little compressed.
Tno-Jlowered Saracha. PI. 2 feet.
9 S. viscosA (Srhrad. cat. sem. hort. goett. 1832. D. Don,
in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 323.) clothed in every part with glan-
dular pubescence, and viscid ; stem erect, suffruticose ; leaves
twin, cordate, acuminated, sinuately toothed, and sometimes
entire ; peduncles umbellate ; throat of corolla woolly ; fructi-
ferous calyx coloured. Ij . G. Native of Mexico, Spangen-
berg. Umbels solitary, nearly sessile. Calyx 5 -cleft, large.
Corolla large, with acute lobes, valvate in aestivation, cream-
coloured, and marked towards the base with numerous olive-
coloured spots. Anthers cordate, violet. Berry globose, size
of a cherry, scarlet.
Clammy Saracha. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1835. PL 1 to 2
feet.
10 S. pube'scens (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
689.) shrubby, downy ; leaves ovate, acute ; umbels peduncu-
late, terminal. I; . G. Native of Peru. Humb. et Bonpl.
Bellinia pubescens. Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 689.
Donmy Saracha. Shrub ?
N.B. What are Saracha micrantha, D. C. hort. monsp. 1813.
and S. Peruviana, Dietr. gart. lex. 8. p. 522. ?
Cult. The slirubby species of Saracha require protection in
a frame or greenhouse in winter ; but they may be planted out
in open ground in summer ; they are increased by cuttings and
seeds. The seeds of annual species only require to be sown in
the open ground in spring.
VII. WITHERI'NGIA (named by L. Heritier, in honour of
William Withering, M.D., author of "A Botanical Arrangement
of the Vegetables of Great Britain." 2 vols. Svo. Birming-
ham, 1776. First edition.) Lher. stirp. 1. p. 33. t. 1. Dun.
sol. p. 107. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 13. Mart. bras.
3. p. 73. — Solanum species of Lin. and other authors.
Lin. syst. Penldndrla, Monogynia. Calyx urceolately cam-
panulate, 4-5-cleft. Corolla rotate ; tube short ; limb 4-5-
cleft. Stamens 4-5 ; anthers conniving, dehiscing lengthwise.
Stigma subcapitate. Berry 2-celled, propped by the permanent
calyx, many-seeded ; placentas adnate. Seeds lenticular. —
Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with soft wood, and large medulla,
having the habit of Solanum. Branches opposite or alternate,
thickened at the nodi. Leaves alternate, usually twin, (one in
each pair smaller than the others,) quite entire, or sinuately-
toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Inflorescence umbellate, racemose,
or panicled, rarely having the flowers solitary. Peduncles late-
ral or extra-axillary. Corollas whitish, rose-coloured, yellow,
greenish, or bluish.
* Stems shrubby.
1 W. sTRAMONiiFOLiA (H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen. 3. p. 13.)
arboreous ; branches angularly winged ; branchlets downy ;
leaves ovate, acuminated, unequally cordate, dentately angular,
hairy, twin ; umbels extra-axillary, sessile ; filaments bearded at
top. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, near La Bandarilla ; and the
city of Xalapa, at the altitude of 750 hexapods, where it is called
Oja Pcluda by the natives. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 2-3
broad. Umbels many-flowered. Flowers nutant, pentamerous
and pentandrous. Corolla yellowish, hairy outside, size of those
of Capsicum fruteiccns. Berry globose, red, size of a pea.
SOLANACE^. VII. Witheringia.
453
Stramonium-leaved Witheringia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Tree 10 to 20 feet.
2 VV. CRASSIFOLIA (Dun. sol. p. 108. syn. p. 2.) stem shrub-
by, hairy, rather sarmentose ; leaves ovate, entire, or sinuately-
aiigular, blmitish ; panicles subLlichotomous, reclinate. Ij . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Solanum crassifoiium,
Lam. ill. no. 2323. Sol. dulcamara, var. /3, Lin. spec. p. 264.
Solanum Africanum, Will. no. 26. — Dill. hort. elth. 365. t.
273. f. 352. Branches hispid, rather angular at top. Leaves
pilose. Panicles subcymose, and nearly terminal. Flowers
pentamerous and pentandrous. Corolla of a violaceous purple
colour ; segments ovate, subconnivent. Anthers copper-co-
loured.
Thick-leaved Vfhhermg\a. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1706. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
3 W. pi'cTA (Mart. bras. 3. p. 74. t. 227.) arborescent ;
branches and branchlets spreading, viscid and pilose, as well as
the leaves ; leaves alternate and twin, broad-ovate, short-acumi-
nated, acutish at the base ; peduncles solitary, and some aggre-
gate, axillary, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Bra-
zil, in the mine provinces on .Serra do Mar ; and near the town
of Joao d'El Key, &c., in dry exposed places. Flowers penta-
merous and pentandrous. Calyx with lanceolate segments.
Corolla white, spotted with violet in the throat ; segments
broad-lanceolate, acutish, exceeding the anthers, which are
linear. Berry yellowish.
Pai«(erf-flowered Witheringia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
4 W. divarica'ta (Mart. bras. 3. p. 72. t. 228.) snffruticose,
the whole clothed with fine down ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or
ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base ; racemes simple, fevv-
flovvered, lateral, exceeding the leaves. Tj . S. Native along
with the preceding, on Serra do Mar ; and on the descent to the
valley of the river Paraiba. Branches for the most part oppo-
site. Flowers pentamerous and pentandrous. Segments of the
calyx ovate, acute, ciliated, and often serrulated. Corolla white ;
segments lanceolate, acute, twice as long as the inflated lanceo-
late anthers.
Divaricate Witheringia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
5 W. DiPLOCONos (Mart. bras. 3. p. 76. t. 229.) suffruticose,
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, cordate at the base ; ra-
cemes alar, longer than the leaves. Ij . S. Native of Brazil,
in hedges and woods at Tejuca, and elsewhere ; near Sebastino-
ple ; also on Serra do Mar. Leaves twin. Corollas semiquin-
quefid, of a testaceous rose-colour, with a violaceous middle
nerve, or wliolly violaceous, size of those of Sol. tuberbsum ;
segments triangular, twice as long as the ovate, ventricose an-
thers, which are glandular at apex. Pistil referrible to an in-
verted cone in a cone. Segments of the calyx ovate, acute, den-
ticulated on the margins. Perhaps a species of Dunalia.
Double-coned Witheringia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 ^\^ macropiiy'lla (Dun. syn. p. 1. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 77.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 14.) shrubby ; branches
rather angular, puberulous ; leaves ovate-elliptic, subacumi-
nated, rather repand, smoothish : superior ones twin ; umbels
sessile, twice as short as the petioles ; filaments bearded. fj .
S. Native of New Granada, near Turbaco, at the altitude of
180 hexapods. Leaves about 8 inches long, and about 4 broad,
rather downy on the primary veins beneath. Flowers size of
those of Solanum nigrum, tetramerous and tetrandrous. Calyx
4-toothed. Corolla 4-cleft, greenish, with oblong, acute seg-
ments. Anthers ovate-lanceolate. Berries globose, red, size of
))epper berries. This species differs from IV. sulanacea, which
it is very like; in the shrubby stem ; larger leaves, and smoother
branches; in the umbels being shorter than the petioles ; and in
the smaller flowers.
Long-leaved Witheringia. Shrub.
7 W. CILIA TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 15.)
shrubby ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves oblong, acute, nar-
rowed at the base, quite entire, ciliated, glabrous, twin ; pedun-
cles extra-axillary, solitary or twin, elongated. ^ . S. Native
of New Granada, on the Andes of Pasto, near Tulcan, at the
altitude of 1580 hexapods. Young branchlets downy. Flow-
ers size of those of Solanuvi nigrum, pentamerous and pentan-
drous. Calyx downy, 5-toothed. Corolla white ; limb angu-
larly 5-lobed ; lobes acute. Filaments glabrous ; anthers ob-
long, obtuse. This species has much the habit of Solanum
phiUijreoldcs, with which at first sight it might be readily con-
founded.
Ciliated-\e?i\eA Witheringia. Shrub.
8 W. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) shrubby ; branches
terete, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate, acuminated
at both ends, quite entire, downy above, clothed with soft to-
mentum beneath, and canescent, twin ; peduncles 2-3-4 toge-
ther, elongated. Ij . S. Native of Peru, near the town of
Caxamarca, at the altitude of 1500 hexapods. Leaves Ig to 2
inches long. Flowers drooping, size of those of Solanum ni-
grum, pentamerous and pentandrous. Calyx 5-tootlied, hoary.
Corolla hairy outside ; limb angularly 5-toothed : teeth acute.
Anthers oblong, obtuse, on glabrous filaments. Berry size of
pepper, globose. Very like the two preceding, but differs in
the form of the leaves.
Soft Witheringia. Shrub.
9 W. rhomboi'dea (Dun. syn. p. 1. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.)
shrubby ; branches terete, tomentose ; leaves ovate, acutish,
rounded at the base, and unequal, quite entire, clothed with soft
pubescence above, and hoary tomentum beneath, twin ; umbels
sessile, 4-6-flowered, longer than the petioles ; filaments gla-
brous. Tj . S. Native on the Andes of Quindiu, on El Ma-
chin, at the altitude of 1030 hexapods. Leaves an inch long,
green above. Flowers size of those of Solanum nigrum, penta-
merous and pentandrous. Calyx clothed with hoary tomentum,
5-toothed : teeth linear, remote. Corolla glabrous, 5-cleft,
with oblong, acute segments, which are hairy at top. Anthers
linear-oblong.
Rhomboid-leaved Witheringia. Shrub climbing.
10 W. DUMETORUM (Duu. sol. p. 1. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 79.
H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 16.) shrubby ; branches rather angular,
tomentose while young ; leaves ovate, subacuminated, cuneated
at the base, hairy above, clothed with hairy tomentum beneath,
and canescent: superior ones twin ; peduncles twin or tern, 1-
flowered, much longer than the petioles ; filaments glabrous.
^ . S. Native of New Granada, among bushes in the province
of Pasto, between Chumban and Tusa, at the altitude of 150O
hexapods. Leaves 12-16 inches long. Flowers size of the
preceding, pentamerous and pentandrous. Calyx like that of
the last species, from which it is principally distinguished in the
form of the leaves.
Bush Witheringia. Shrub.
11 W. ripa'ria (H. B. et Kunth, I. c. p. 16.) shrubby;
branches angular ? hispid from pili ; leaves somewhat obliquely
obovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous, pilose
on the nerves beneath, twin ; flowers extra-axillary, crowded,
about equal in length to the petioles ; filaments pilose at the
base. Vy . S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes of
Quindiu, near the river Toche, at the altitude of 1050 hexapods.
Leaves 2g to 3^ inches long. Flowers extra-axillary, size of
those of Lijcium Barbarum. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed, gla-
brous. Corolla greenish-white, glabrous ; tube funnel-shaped ;
limb 5-parted.
River-side Witheringia. Shrub.
12 W. angustifolia (Dun. svn. p. 2. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. S<).
H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 17.) shrubby; branches flexiious,
454
SOLANx\CE^. VII. WiTHERiNGiA. VIII. Netouxia. IX. Mandragoka.
terete ; bianchlets tomentose ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated,
acute at the base, glabrous ; racemes few-flowered, twin ; fila-
ments glabrous. J^ . S. Native of New Granada, at the foot
of Mount Catopaxo, in sandy places, at the altitude of 1600
hexapods. Leaves solitary, 2 to 2| inches long, clotiied with
canescent toraentum while young. Racemes extra-axillary,
solitary or twin. Flowers size of the preceding. Calyx 5-
cleft, clothed with hoary tomentum ; with subovate acute seg-
ments. Corolla blue, clothed with hoary tomentum outside ;
limb 5-parted, with oblong segments. Anthers linear-oblong.
Berry globose, size of those of Solarium nigrum. Perhaps a
distinct genus.
Narron-leaved Witheringia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
13 W. pe'ndula (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 522.) frutes-
cent ; leaves ovate, entire, acuminated, glabrous above, but
clothed with downy tomentum beneath ; racemes terminal ; pe-
duncles long, reflcxed. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Solanum
pendulum, Link. herb. Stems angular, and pubescently villous
at top. Leaves 3 inches long, and \\ broad, thickish, sub-
repand, ciliated. Peduncles 3 inches long, downy. Calyx
smoothish, hemispherical, obsoletely -1-5-cleft. Corolla 4-5-
parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, obtuse. Anthers 4-5, gene-
rally unequal.
Pendulous-&ov;ere([ Witheringia. Shrub.
* * Stems lierhaceoiis.
14 W. SOLAN a'cea (Lher. stirp. 1. p. S3, t. 1.) root composed
of fusiform tubers ; stem subherbaceous, pilose, rather angular ;
leaves ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, rather pilose : superior
ones twin ; umbels axillary, sessile, longer than the petioles. % .
G. Native of South America. Lam. ill. t. 82. Leaves acute,
entire, rather pilose. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla pale yellow,
4-cleft. Stamens 4 ; filaments white, glabrous outside, and
hairy inside. Tube of corolla suburceolate, with 4 gibbosities,
bluntly tetragonal.
Solanaccous Witheringia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1742. PI.
1 foot.
15 W. umbella'ta (Dun. syn. p. 2. sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 27.)
stem herbaceous, winged, pilose ; leaves ovate, attenuated at
both ends, sinuately toothed, pilose ; racemes axillary, usually
solitary; pedicels umbellate. 1/ . S. Native of St. Domingo.
Poir. suppl. 5. p. 505. Calycine segments 5, acute. Nearly
allied to IV. montana.
I'mbellate-fiowerei Witheringia. PI. I foot.
16 W. monta'na (Dun. syn. p. 2. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 505.)
root tuberous ; stems herbaceous, pilose ; leaves pilose, ovate,
entire, or dentately repand, or sinuated ; peduncles 1-flowered.
1/. G. Native of Peru, on hills, where it is called Papa mon-
tana. Solanum montanum, Lin. spec. 266. Dun. sol. p. 145. —
Solanum tuberosum minus, Atriplicis folio vulgo Papa montana,
Feuill. per. 3. p. 62. t. 46. Root ovate. Stem bifurcate.
Leaves on long petioles, subcordate. Flowers in the fork of the
stem. Corolla campanidate, 5-cleft, rose-coloured. Stamens
purple.
far. li, areniiria (Dun. sol. p. 146.) peduncles many-flow-
ered, bracteate; leaves lobed. %. G. Native of Peru, on
sandy hills, and among rocks about Lima and Chancay, where
it is called Papas de Loma. Solanum montanum, Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 2. t. 160. f b. This variety is nearly allied to W.
phyllantha. Stem larger than in var. a, hispid. Calyx 5-
parted. Corolla flat, blue. Perhaps a distinct species.
Mountain Witheringia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. i
to I foot.
17 W. phylla'ntha (Dun. syn. p. 2. Poir. suppl. 5. p.
505.) stem herbaceous, winged; leaves pilose, cuneiform, a
little lobed at apex, decurrent ; racemes rising with the leaves.
©.? 1/ . ? G. Native of Peru, in cultivated fields near the
town of La Magdalena, Cav. ; sandy places of Lima, Chancay,
and Lurin, Ruiz, et Pav. Solanum phyllanthum, Cav. icon. 4.
p. 35. t. 359. f. 1. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 32. Root fusi-
form. Leaves 5-lobed at top ; lobes ovate, acute. Peduncles
rising from the decurrent disk of the leaves. Calyx 5-cleft.
Corolla pale blue, marked by a 5-rayed star, spreading, 5-an-
gled. Berry round, red, size of a pea.
Leaf-Jlowered Witheringia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI.
1 foot.
18 W. pinnati'fida (Dun. syn. p. 2. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 506.)
stem herbaceous, winged ; leaves rather pilose, decurrent, pin-
natifid : segments obtuse, sinuated ; peduncles bractless ; flow-
ers panicled. %. G. Native of Peru : in sandy places in the
provinces of Lima and Chancay ; plentiful in Torre blanca and
Jequan, on hills. Solanum pinnatifidum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per.
2. p. 37. t. 170. f. b. Dun. sol. 138. hut not of Lam. Flow-
ers drooping. Caly.x 5-parted, with linear, obtuse segments.
Corolla pale blue or white, flat. Berry yellow, size of a pea.
Pinnat'ifid-\eaved Witheringia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. 1 foot.
19 W, multi'fida (Dun. syn. p. 3. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 506.)
stem herbaceous ; leaves rather pilose, bipinnatifid, running into
the petioles ; petioles stem-clasping ; peduncles long, panicled,
leafy beneath the middle. If. . G. Native of Peru, on hills at
Pungo, in the province of Cumana. Solanum multifidum, Ruiz.
et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 37. t. 17. f. a. but not of Lam. Dun.
sol. p. 138. Stem juicy, furnished with a few simple hairs, as
well as the leaves. Segments of the leaves blunt, toothed. Pe-
duncles multifid, terminal and lateral, very long, furnished each
with an entire or trifid leaf, which is clasping beneath the mid-
dle. Corolla blue. Berry larger than the calyx.
Multifd Witheringia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Solanum, p. 442.
VIII. NETOU'XIA (named by Kunth, in honour of H. Ne-
toux, author of" Dissertationes de Cassiis Egyptiacis,") H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 10. t. 193.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, regular,
with linear segments. Corolla salver-shaped ; limb 5-parted ;
throat furnished with a tubular, short, entire, or obsoletely-
toothed corona. Stamens 5, inclosed ; anthers dehiscing length-
wise. Stigma emarginate. Fruit baccate ?. — A fetid erect
herb. Leaves scattered : superior ones twin, cordate, quite en-
tire. Peduncles extra-axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Corolla
yellow, becoming blackish on drying. This genus is more
nearly allied to A'iropa and Petunia than any other ; but it dif-
fers from them, as well as all others of the order, in the corolla
being furnished with a corona faucis.
1 N.FORMOSA (H. B. et Kunth, I.e.) X-G. Native of
Mexico, in woods near Real del Monte. A'tropa arenaria,
Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 686. Flowers size
of those of Vinca major.
Beautiful Netouxia. PI. | to f foot.
Cult. This singular plant will grow in any light rich soil ;
and may be readily increased by cuttings or divisions.
IX. MANDRA'GORA (The English name Mandrake is a
corruption of the Greek appellation Mav^payofioc, compounded
of fiui'^pa, mandra, an ox-stall, something relating to cattle ;
and ayavpoQ, agauros, cruel ; from its effects on cattle when
accidentally gathered with their fodder in the countries where
the plants abound. It is a venomous plant, and was an impor-
tant engine in the days of medical charlatanry, from the roots
being supposed to bear a resemblance to the human form.)
SOLANACEiE. IX. Mandragora. X. Atropa.
455
Tourn. inst. p. 76. t. 12. Lin. hort. cliff p. 51. Blackw. t.
361-. Sabb. hort. rom. 1. t. 1. Juss. gen. p. 125. Gaertn.
fruct. 2. p. 237. t. 131. f. 1. D. C. syn. fl. gall. p. 236.
A Iropa species, Lin. gen. and most other authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx turbinate, 5-an-
gled, 5-cleft. Corolla canipanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Fila-
ments dilated at the base, and connivent, but filiform and diva-
ricate at apex. Ovarium furnished with a circular gland round
the base, which is drawn out into 2 horns. Stigma capitate,
furrowed. Berry globose, apple-shaped, fleshy, solid, 1-celled,
having the receptacles rather prominent inside. Seeds many,
reniform, peripheric, disposed in a simple series. — Stemless,
fetid plants, with broad radical leaves ; large, fusiform, usually
forked roots ; and numerous single-flowered scapes, which are
always shorter than the leaves.
1 M. oFFiciNA RUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 181.) leaves ob-
long-lanceolate and ovate, acute, a foot long, undulated, quite
entire, at first erect, then spreading ; root and flowers white ;
segments of the calyx lanceolate, linear, acuminated ; segments
of corolla acute. ]!/ . H. Native of Spain, Switzerland, Italy,
&c. Bertol. el. pi. hort. bon. 1824. p. 6. M. officinalis, Mill,
diet. no. 1. fig. t. 173. M. acaulis, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 236.
t. 131. f. 1. M. vernalis, Spreng. A'tropa Mandragora, Lin.
spec. 259. Bull. herb. t. 145.— Plenk. off. t. 126. Corolla
bluish. Fruit as large as a nutmeg, of a yellowish green
colour when ripe. Root white, fleshy, usually bifid, 3-4 feet
long. The roots are supposed to bear a resemblance to the
human form, and are figured as such in old herbals, being
distingui^hed into the male with a long beard, and the female
with a prolix head of hair. It has been fabled to grow
under a gallows, where the matter falling from the dead
body gave the root the shape of a man ; to utter a shriek or
groans at digging up ; and it was asserted that he who would
take up a plant of Mandrake should in common prudence tie a
dog to it for that purpose, for if a man should do it himself he
would surely die soon after, ex Linnseus. The whole plant is
reputed poisonous, though in small doses it was used medicinally,
and particularly as an opiate.
Officinal or Common Mandrake. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1548. PI. 1 foot.
2 M. PRyE'cox (Sweet, fl. gard. 1. 1 98.) leaves lanceolate-oblong,
obtuse, undulated, bullately wrinkled, villously pubescent, rising
at the same time with the flowers ; calycine segments lanceolate,
acute, keeled ; segments of corolla spreadingly reflexed, acute ;
scapes aggreyatc. 1/ . H. Native of Switzerland. A'tropa
Mandrauora, p, Lam. diet. 1. p. 391. Pers. ench. I. p. 218.
A'tropa Mandragora femina. Bull. herb. t. 146. M. officinalis,
/3. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2689.— Hall. helv. no. 578. Corolla
woolly, of a yellowish-brown, tinged with blue. This plant
flowers two months earlier than M. vernalis, Spreng., and is
also much smaller.
Earhj Mandrake. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1819. PI. |
foot.
3 M. autlmna'lis (Bertol. el. pi. hort. bon. 1820. p. 6. D.
Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 325.) leaves oblong, pilose,
wrinkled, undulated, beset with w-arty bristles on the upper sur-
face, as well as the calyx ; calycine segments lanceolate, acu-
minated, keeled from the midrib ; corolla spreading, with ellip-
tic, obtuse segments ; berry oblong, mucronate. 1J. . H. Native
of the South of Italy ; and Greece, about Athens and Elis, and
is likewise found in some of the Islands of the Archipelago.
A'tropa Mandragora, Sibth. et Smith, fl. gra-c. 3. p. 26. t. 232.
M. macrocarpa, Bertol. Scapes pale purple, shorter than the
leaves. Corolla violet-coloured, not unlike those of a species
of Campanula. This plant is chiefly distinguished from M.
vernalis in the blunt lobes of the corolla, and the oblong pointed
berry. It is, moreover, altogether a larger plant. This is pro-
FIG. 39.
bably the Mandrake mentioned in the Scriptures, in the 30th
chapter of Genesis.
Autumnal Mandrake. Fl. Dec. Clt. 1548. PI. | foot.
Cult. The species of Mandrake thrive best in a deep linht
soil, in a shady situation. They are only to be increased by
seed. The roots are extremely apt to rot during winter.
X. A'TROPA (from arpoTroc, atropos, one of the destinies ;
derived from a priv. ; and rptizw, trepo, to turn ; in refer-
ence to the poisonous effects of the species.) Lin. gen. no. 249.
Schreb. gen. no. 335. Juss. gen. 125. ed. Usteri, p. 140.
Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 240. t. 131. Lam. ill. t. 114. f. 2. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. araer. 3. p. 1 1. — Belladonna, Tourn. inst.
t. 13.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx loose, 5-cleft,
permanent. Corolla campanulate ; limb usually 5-cleft, rarely
10-cleft, spreading. Stamens 5, generally exserted, conniving
at the base ; anthers dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma peltately
depressed. Berry globose, propped by the permanent spreading
calyx ; placentas free, and distant from the dissepiment. Seeds
numerous, reniform. — Caulescent shrubs or herbs. Leaves scat-
tered, twin, entire. Peduncles extra-axillary, 1-2, or manv-
flowered. Corolla violaceous or greenish.
§ I. Limb of corolla \0-cleft or lO-loothed ; the alternate Mies
or teeth smaller.
1 A VIRIDIFLORA (H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
11. t. 196.) stem suffruticose,
twining ; leaves twin, elliptic-
ovate, subacuminated, quite en-
tire, hairy ; peduncles 2-flow-
ered ; flowers, drooping ;
limb of corolla 10-cleft. Pj .
^. S. Native of New Gra-
nada, between the town of
Pasto and Chilanquer, at the
altitude of 850 hexapods.
A'tropa flexuosa, Willd. rel. ex
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
686. Corolla tubularly funnel-
shaped, green, 3-4 times longer
than the calyx, hairy, furnished
with 5 tubercles on the outside
at the base. Filaments gla-
brous, dilated at the base. This and A. aspera of Ruiz, et Pav.
might probably form a distinct genus.
Green-flowered Deadly Nightshade. Shrub twining.
2 A. a'spera (Ruiz, et Pav. 2. p. 45.) stem herbaceous, an-
gular, pilose ; leaves twin, unequal, oval-oblong and lanceolate,
quite entire or subsinuated, hairy ; peduncles 1 -flowered, droop-
ing; limb of corolla 10-cleft. i;. S. Native of Peru, on hills
about Lima. Stem dichotomous, branched. Peduncles extra-
axillary, or in the forks of the stem. Corolla yellowish-blue,
violaceous in the centre, with 5 of the segments acute, and the
alternating 5 emarginate. Filaments hairy, violaceous. Berry
white, size of a pea. Seeds red.
Rough Deadly Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
3 A. hirte'lla (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 699.) herbaceous ; leaves
ovate, acute, scabrous ; branches rough ; peduncles elongated,
1-flowered, filiform. ©. H. Native of Brazil.
Hairy Deadly Nightshade. PI. ?
§ 2. Limb of corolla 5-cleft. Stems frutescent.
4 A. umbella'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 44. t. 181. f. a.)
456
SOLANACE^. X. Atropa.
stem fiutescent ; leaves ovate and cordate, quite entire and an-
gular ; peduncles many-flowered, umbellate, drooping ; limb of
corolla 5-cleft. I; . S. Native of Peru, on hills about Lima.
A. revoliita, Dietr. lex. 1. p. 422. Stem glabrous ; branches
dichotomous, downy. Leaves solitary or twin, downy. Pedun-
cles short, axillary, dov^ny, bearing 8-12 pedicellate flowers.
Corolla yellow, melliferous ; tube cylindrical, purple ; limb
reflexed, ciliated. Stamens inclosed. Style exserted. Berry
whitish, globose, size of a pea.
Umbellate-Rowered Deadly Nightshade. Shrub 4 feet.
5 A. EiFLORA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 44. t. 181. f. b.)
stem frutescent ; leaves ovate, acute, quite entire: upper ones
twin; peduncles 2-flowered, drooping?; limb of corolla 5-
cleft. I- . S. Native of Peru, in humid places. Shrub rather
downy. Branches pendulous, rather angular. Corolla subur-
ceolate, villous, striated ; tube greenish, white, or purplish ;
limb greenish-yellow, erect. Anthers and stigma blue. Berry
white, size of that oi Belladonna, a little compressed.
Two-Jloivcred Deadly Nightshade. Shrub 2 feet.
6 A. sfcoLOR (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 45.) stem frutes-
cent ; leaves ovate, angular, glabrous ; peduncles 3-4-flowered ;
limb of corolla 5-cleft. I7 . S Native of Peru, in shady
places. Branches angular. Leaves acute, usually twin. Co-
rolla tubular, reddish green ; liinb green.
Tivo-coloured-?iov:exeA Deadly Nightshade. Shrub 6 to 7
feet.
7 A frute'scens (Lin. spec. p. 260. Lam. ill. t. 114. f. 2.)
stem shrubby ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, downy ; flowers
1-3 togetiier, pedicellate, axillary; limb of corolla 5-cleft to
the middle, reflexed. Tj . G. Native of Spain. Physiklis
suberosa, Cav. icon. 2. p. 1. t. 102. Physalis frutescens, D. C.
fl. fr. i'l. p. Gil. Belladonna frutescens, rotundifolia, Hispan-
ica, 'I'ourn. inst. p. 77. — Barrel, icon. p. 1173. Habit of Phy-
salis somnifera, but differs from it in the calyx being 5-cleft, and
in the flowers being 6 times larger, and campanulatc, and in the
leaves being smaller, and in the berry not being inclosed in the
calyx. Leaves solitary. Corollas yellowish, divided into 5
reflexed segments beyond the middle. Anthers not exserted,
ex Lam. Perhaps this will form a new genus.
Frutescent Deadly Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
S A. arista'ta (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 609.) stem frutescent;
leaves oblong, entire, almost glabrous ; branches, petioles, and
peduncles woolly ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, hardly as long
as tiie petioles ; limb of corolla 5-cleft. I^ . G. Native of the
Canaries. Physalis aristata. Ait. hort. Kew. 1. p. 244. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1020. Branches compressed, somewhat angular.
Leaves solitary, or twin, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. Corolla
yellow, campanulate, with lanceolate, acuminated segments.
Calycine teeth or segments awned. Berry globose.
^/w'jicrf-calyxed Deadly Nightshade. Fl, June, Aug. Clt.
1779. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
§ 3. Belladonna. Limb of corolla 5-cleft. Stems herba-
ceous.
9 A. Belladonna (Lin. spec. 260.) herbaceous, erect ;
leaves twin, ovate, quite entire, glabrous ; peduncles solitary,
1-flowered. If.. H. Native throughout Europe, frequent in
woods ; with us it is not very common. Smith, engl. bot. t.
592. Oed. fl. dan. t. 758. Curt. fl. loud. fasc. 5. t. IG. Jacq.
fl. austr. 4. t. 309. Mill. icon. t. 62.— Plenck. icon. 125.— Bull,
herb. t. 29. — Heyne, getr. darst. t. 43. Belladonna baccifera.
Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 255. Bell, trichotoma. Scop. cam. ed. 2d.
no. 255. Solanum melanocerasus, Bauh. pin. p. 166. Bella-
donna, majoribus foliis et floribus, Tourn. inst. p. 77. — Blackvv.
t. 564. — Sabb. hort. 1. t. 3. Solanum lethale, Clus. hist. 2. p.
8G. Mor. hist. sect. 13, t. 3. f. 4. Root thick, branching.
Stem trichotomous, tinged with purple ; the branches dichoto-
mous. Leaves ratlier large, soft to the touch, a little hairy on
both surfaces. Corolla large, lurid, dusky purple within, and
streaked, with a yellow variegated base, but greenish-red, or
dusky brown outside. Berry size of a cherry, black when ripe,
full of purple juice. The plant inhabits church-yards, dung-
hills, and gloomy lanes, and imcultivated places in England, but
in other countries it is said to be common in woods and hedges.
When this plant was found to differ from the genus Solanum,
it assumed the Italian name of Belladonna, which was given to
it, according to some, because it was used as a wash among the
ladies, to take off" pimples from the skin ; or, according to
others, from its quality of representing phantasms or beautiful
women to the disturbed imagination. The qualities of the plant
are malignant, and it is extremely poisonous in all its parts.
Numerous instances have occurred of the berries proving fatal,
after causing convulsions and dilirium. Buchanan relates the
destruction of the army of Sweno, the Dane, when he invaded
Scotland, by the berries of this plant, which were mixed with
the drink which the Scots, according to truce, were to supply
the Danes. The Danes became so inebriated that the Scot-
tish army fell on them in their sleep, and slew such numbers,
that there were scarcely men enough left to carry off their
king. The case related by Ray is remarkable, that is, the
dilatation of the pupil of the eye caused by a part of the leaf
applied outwardly, and which took place successively on the
repetition of the experiment. With respect to the berries, they
have been frequently known to have been fatal to children, and
also to adults, if a considerable number be eaten. The symp-
toms are said to occur in half an hour after taking them, and
consist of vertigo, great thirst, dilirium, swelling, and redness of
the face, difficulty of breathing. The general sensibility of the
system is said to be weakened to a great degree, so that the
stomach will bear a far larger dose of emetic medicines than it
would otherwise have done. Vinegar liberally drank has been
found efficacious in obviating the efl!"ects of the poison. A
remarkable instance of the malignant powers of the young
shoots occurred in the presence of Professor Martyn, in the
botanic garden-at Cambridge, which fully proved that they are
not less deleterious than the berries.
The leaves are said to have been sometimes successfully
applied to cancerous tumours. Belladonna, notwithstanding its
deleterious nature, is not totally excluded from medicine ; some
diseases, and those of the most malignant kind, have been
known to yield to the anodyne and anti-spasmodic virtues of
the plant when administered with caution. Bergius relates,
that he has often given relief in epilepsy and convidsions, by
the internal use of the powder of the dried leaves, taken in
doses of from one to four grains : and Gesner, in his medical
epistles, recommends the expressed juice of the berries boiled
with sugar into a syrup, and given by a teaspoonful at a time, as
excellent in every case requiring an opiate, and as peculiarly
eflficacious in the cure of dysentery.
Belladonna has been best analyzed by Mr. Brandes, an apo-
thecary at Salz UflTelm, who has discovered a new alkaloid upon
which its narcotic virtues depend, which he calls atropia. He
urges the necessity of caution in the examination of atropia and
its salts. Even the vapour of their solutions causes dilatations
and paralyses of the pupil ; and during the whole time of the
experiments Mr. Brandes experienced violent headach, vertigo,
pain of back, and nausea, so that he could scarcely continue
them. On tasting a small quantity of sulphate of atropia,
which was rather salt than bitter, he had extreme confusion of
head, treinbling in all his limbs, pulse weak, and at last retch-
ing. But the most severe of these symptoms abated in half an
hour.
Medical use of Deadly Nightshade. — Under proper manage-
SOLANACE^. X. Atropa. XI. Anisodus. XII. Nicandra. XIII. Lycius
457
ment this virulent poison may become an excellent remedy.
Besides its narcotic power, it promotes all the secretions ; but
its exhibition requires the greatest caution, for it is apt, when
continued for any length of time, even in small doses, to cause
dryness and tension in tlie throat, vertigo, dimness of sight.
Wlien any of these symptoms occur its use must be suspended
for some time, and afterwards resumed in smaller doses. Deadly
Nightshade has been exhibited in several febrile diseases, in
obstinate intermittents, in the plague, in inflammation, the gout,
in palsy and loss of speech from apoplexy, in chorea, epilepsy,
hydrophobia, melancholy, mania, dropsies, and obstinate jaun-
dice ; in amaurosis, ophthalmia, scirrhus, and cancer ; and as an
antidote to the contagion of scarlatina. Deadly Nightshade is
best exhibited in substance, beginning with a very small dose of
the leaves or root. In hydrophobia Munch gave the powdered
root every second morning to the extent of from one to five
grains to children, and from fourteen to fifteen grains to adults.
The watery infusion is also a powerful remedy.
Belladonna, or Common Deadly Nightshade. Fl. June,
.July. Britain. PI. 2 to 6 feet.
10 A. RHOMBOiDEA (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 135. t.
37.) plant herbaceous, downy ; leaves rhomboidal-oval, obtuse ;
peduncles 1-flowered, drooping; corolla glabrous outside. %.
F. Native of Chili. Stem somewhat quadrangular, branched.
Stigma capitate, furrowed, green. Berry oblong, apiculated.
Seeds large, marginate. Stamens placed much higher upon the
corolla than in A. Belladonna, and the style and inside of the
corolla are furnished with a belt of hairs. Corolla small, white.
Rhomboid-\ea\eA Deadly Nightshade. PI. 1 foot.
•j" Species doubtful, or not sufficiently known.
11 A. herba'cea (Mill. diet. no. 3.) stem herbaceous; leaves
ovate, nerved, with undulated margins. % . S. Native about
Campeachy, Houston. Stem sub-excavated, furnished with 2-3
small branches at top. Leaves 4 inches long, and 3 broad.
Peduncles short, interfoliaceous. Corollas white, smaller than
those of A, Belladonna.
Herbaceous Deadly Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The species of A'tropa are of an easy culture and
propagation. They will grow in common earth. The shrubby
kinds are increased by cuttings or seeds, and the herbaceous,
perennial kinds by seeds, or dividing at the root.
XI. ANI'SODUS (from aviaoq, anisos, \me(\\x&\; and o^ovq,
odous, a tooth ; in reference to the inequality of the teeth of the
calyx.) Link, et Otto, abbild. gart. berol. fasc. 6. p. 77.
Spreng. gen. 1. p. 159. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 72. Whit-
leya, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 125. Nicandra species, Link, et Otto.
1. c. t. 35.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
angular, 5-cleft ; segments unequal. Corolla campanulate, 5-
lobed ; lobes rounded, gradually smaller. Stamens inclosed,
inserted in the base of the corolla, straight. Berry 2-celled,
many-seeded, operculate, inclosed in the erect, coriaceous, in-
flated, reticulated, 10-ribbed calyx; operculum 4-valved, mu-
cronate. Placenta thick, ovate, scrobiculate. Seeds compressed,
angular, dotted. Albumen fleshy. Embryo peripheric, semi-
circular, pale; with an obtuse, conical radicle, and semi-cylindri-
cal cotyledons. — A large, robust, downy, branched, canescent
plant, with broad leaves ; and solitary, drooping flowers, which
are of a yellowish green colour at first, but at length becoming
purplish.
1 A. lu'ridus (Link, I. c. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 699. %. H.
Native of the Himalaya, on Gosain-than. Nees in Lin. trans.
17. p. 72. Nicandra anomala, Link, et Otto, abbild, t, 35.
VOL. IV.
Physalis, stramonifolia. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 242. Whit-
leya stramonifolia, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 125. Anisodus stranioni-
folius, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 61. Stems dichotomous.
Leaves twin, ovate-elliptic, repandly lobed, attenuated at the
base, villous beneath. All the tender parts are densely clothed
with mealy, ferruginous, loose tomentum. Leaves smelling like
those of tobacco when bruised.
iMn'rf Anisodus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 to 7
feet.
Cult. This is a strong, coarse growing plant, of the most
easy culture. It will grow in almost any soil, but requires a
dry situation. It is to be increased by division, and by seed.
XII. NICA'NDRA (so named after Nicander of Colophon,
priest of Apollo, who lived about the time of Attains. His
Georgics are lost : his poems are commended by Cicero, and
many fragments of them remain in Athenseus. There is a fine
manuscript of Nicander at Vienna. — Haller.) Adans. fam. p.
219. Juss. gen. p. 125. ed. Usteri, p. 140. Gaertn. fruct.
1. p. 237. t. 131. f. 2. — A'tropa, spec. Lin. — Physalis species.
Lam.- — Calydermos, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 44.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx pentagonal, 5-
parted, inflated ; angles compressed ; segments sagittate. Co-
rolla campanulate, slightly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, incurved, dis-
tant, dilated at the base, inclosed ; anthers ovate, dehiscing
lengthwise. Stigma capitate. Berry fleshy, almost dry, 3-5-
celled, inclosed in the calyx ; placentas prominent. — A strong,
coarse, annual, much branched, glabrous plant. Leaves twin.
Flowers extra-axillary, solitary, drooping.
1 N. PHYSALOiDEs (GcErtn." fruct. 2. p. 237. t. 131. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 219.) ©. H. Native of Peru ; and from Pennsyl-
vania to Virginia, but is probably only indigenous to Peru.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 158. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2458.
Calydermos erosus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 44. A'tropa
physaloides, Lin. spec. p. 260. Jacq. obs. 4. t. 98. Physalis
Peruviana, Mill. diet. no. 16. Physalis daturaefolia. Lam. diet.
2. p. 102. no. 15. Thor. chlor. land. p. 74. Alkekengi am-
plo flore violaceo, Feuill. per. p. 724. t. 16. Root fibrous.
Leaves glabrous, sinuated, like those of Datura. Corolla large,
blue, rayed, with a white bottom, which is marked with 5 dark
blue spots.
Winter-cherry-like Nicandra. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in
the open border ; and when the plants are up they must be
planted separately ; being large they require a good deal of
space.
XIII. LY'CIUM (derived from Lycia in Asia Minor, hence
XvKiov, Lycion, of Dioscorides, a name given by him to a thorny
shrub, which was supposed by Dr. Sibthorp to have been the
Rhamnus infectorius, but which Mr. Royle, with greater proba-
bility, regards as identical with a species of Berberis, which he
has denominated Berberis Lycium. The name has been applied
to the present genus, on account of its containing thorny shrubs.)
Lin. gen. 262. Schreb. gen. no. 343. Gasrtn. fruct. 2. p.
242. t. 132. Juss. gen. p. 126. ed. Usteri, p. 141. Lam. ill.
t. 112. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 50. — Jas-
minoides, Niss, in act. gall. 1711. Mich. gen. 224. t. 105.
Lin. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, regu-
larly 5-toothed, or irregularly 3-5-cleft, permanent. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped, or tubular ; limb 5 or 10 cleft, or toothed, imbricate
in Kstivation, sometimes plicate. Stamens 5, usually exserted ;
filaments bearded, and widened at the base ; anthers cordate,
3 N
458
SOLANACE^. XIII. Lycium.
dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma pehately-depressed, or capitate,
bisulcate, ex Juss. or 2-lobed. Berry roundish, 2-celled, propped
by the permanent calyx ; placentas adnate. Seeds numerous,
reniform. — Trees or shrubs usually spinose. Leaves entire, or
nearly entire, alternate, solitary, or in fascicles. Peduncles
extra-axillary, or terminal, solitary, twin, or umbellate, rarely
corymbose. Corollas white, yellow, rose-coloured, purple, blue,
or scarlet.
Sect. I. Euly'cium (from ev, eii, well or good ; and Lycium ;
this section contains the true species of the "jenus.) Calyx iir-
ceolate, irregularly 3-6-cleft. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped ;
with a 5-parted, spreading, or reflexed limb. Genitals ex-
serted. — Shrubs or trees, usually spinose. Flowers extra-axil-
lary, solitary, twin, or umbellate.
1 L. Europ.'e'um (Lin. syst. 228. mant. p. 47.) branches
erect, loose ; buds spinescent ; leaves fascicled, obovate-lanceo-
late, obtuse, or spatulate, bent obliquely ; flowers twin, or soli-
tary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exscrted, but shorter than
the limb. H . H. Native of the South of Europe; and the North
of Africa; in the Grecian Islands, common in hedges, but scarcely
indigenous. Willd. enum. 1. p. 246. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
t. 236. L. salicifolium. Mill. diet. no. 3. — Mich. gen. p. 224.
t. 105. f. 1.— Mill. fig. t. 171. f. 2. Calyx 5-cleft, ruptured at
the side. Corollas pale violet, reticulated with red veins ; tube
greenish. Clusius says, that the young shoots are eaten in
Spain with oil and vinegar.
Var. a ; berries yellow or fulvous.
Var. (i ; berries red.
European Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1730, Shrub
10 to 12 feet.
2 L. ba'rbarum (Lin. spec. 277.) branches dependent ; buds
spiny ; leaves lanceolate, flat, glabrous, acute : flowers twin,
extra-axillary, pedicellate ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens ex-
serted, about equal in length to the limb. Pj . H. Native of
the North of Asia, Africa, and South of Europe. Willd. spec,
exclusive of Shaw, and the syn. of Lam. Wats, dendr. brit.
t. 9. L. halimifoliuin. Mill. diet. no. 6. L. Barbarum a vul-
gare, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 257. Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 147. t.
46. Hayne, term. hot. t. 10. f. 5. — Dun. arb. I. p. 306. t. 121.
f. 4. — Mich. gen. t. 105. f. 1. Branches angular. Buds often
without spines. Calyx 2-3-lobed. Corolla with a purple limb,
and yellowish base. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry ovate, yellow.
Stamens bearded near the base. There is a variety of this,
having livid or pale corollas, and reddish yellow berries.
Barior?/ Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1690. Shrub cl.
3 L. Chine'nse (Mill. diet. no. 5.) branches pendulous, pros-
trate, striated ; buds spinescent ; leaves by threes, ovate, acute,
attenuated at the base ; peduncles much longer than the calyx,
which is entire; stamens exserted. fj.H. Native of China
about Pekin and Canton ; and of Cochinchina. Buno-e in mem.
acad. petersb. 2. p. 123. Lam. ill. t. 112. f. 2. Wats. dend.
brit. t. 8. L. Barbarum, /3, Chinense, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 257.
L. ovatum, Duh. arb. ed. nov. p. 117. L. Barbarum, Lour,
coch. 1. p. 165.? Said by Bunge to be nearly allied to i.
Ruthenicxim, but differs in the leaves being broad-ovate. Corol-
las purple. Berries orange-coloured. Shoots very lontr, ex
Mill. The Chinese use a decoction in wine, or an infusion in
water of the berries, as a tonic, analeptic, and cephalic. We
know not whether the plants described by Miller and Buno-e be
the same ; the plant here meant is that of Bunge.
Chinese Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1 Shrub climbing.
4 L. Ruthe'nicum (Murr. comm. goett. 1779. p. 2. t. 2.)
branches dependent ; buds spinescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
fleshy, obtuse, attenuated at the base, solitary, or subfasciculate ;
peduncles longer than the calyx ; calyx with 5 unequal teeth ;
stamens exserted, equal to the limb. h . H. Native of Sibe-
ria, in nitrous places ; and at the Volga ; and in Hyrcania.
Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p, 166. L. Tataricum, Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 78.
t. 49. Calyx usually irregularly 5-toothed, rarely 2-3-lobed,
as in L. Barbarum. Corolla with a white tube, and purplish
limb. Leaves grey, like those of Z/. A^frum.
Var. ft, CUsjncum (Pall. fl. ross. t. 49. f. A.) leaves shorter ;
buds more spinose ; flovyers smaller. Ij . H. Native about
the Caspian Sea.
Russian Boxthorn. Fl. ? Clt. 1804. Shrub climbing.
5 L. ShaVii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 693.) branches
dependent, rather tomentose at apex; buds spinescent; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, thickish. fj . H. Native of Barbary. L.
Europce'um, Mill. diet. no. 4. — Shaw. afr. p. 349. f. 349.
Branches scattered. Prickles strong. Leaves short, thick,
scattered. Flowers lateral, small, white.
Shaw's Boxthorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1700. Shrub 7 to
8 feet.
6 L. Trewia'num (Duh. abr. nov. ed. p. 116. t. 30. under
L. Chinense, as in Pers. ench. 1. p. 231. no. 9.) erect; branches
diffuse, angular ; buds spinose ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate,
acute; peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, or twin, extra-axillary ;
calyx 2-3-cleft ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted. fj .
H. Native of China. L. Barbarum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 509. ex
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 427. — Trew. Ehret. t. 68. exclusive of the
synonymes. This species differs from L. Chinense, Mill, in the
spines, and from L. Barbarum in the leaves. Branches rufes-
cent. Spines few. Corolla fine purple, with a white star in the
centre. Filaments pilose at the base. Berry ovate.
Trero'x Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet.
7 L. lanceola'tum (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 429.) branches depen-
dent, reflexed ; buds spinescent ; leaves lanceolate, nearly ses-
sile, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, extra-axillary, pedicel-
late ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted. Ij . H. Native
of the South of Europe, as of Naples, Greece, &c. L. Euro-
pse'um, ft, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2699. Pers. ench. 1. p. 231. no. 8.
— Duham, arb. nov. edit. p. 123. t. 32. Calyx unequally
5-toothed. Corolla purple, with a white bottom. Berry ob-
long, red.
Lanceolate-\ea.\eA Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub
climbing.
8 L. turbina'tum (Duh. arb. nov. edit. p. 119. t. 31. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 231, exclusive of the syn. of Lam. no. 3.) stems
erect, fascicled ; branchlets dependent, terete ; buds spiny ;
leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers aggregate, pedi-
cellate, extra-axillary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted ;
calyx trifid ; berry turbinate, fj . H. Native of Ciiina. L.
halimifoliuni. Mill. diet. no. 6. ? L. Barbarum, ft, D. C. fl. fr.
no. 2700. Corolla violaceous, with a white bottom. Berries
red.
Turbinate Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1709. Shrub
climbing.
9 L. cilia'tum (Schlecht. in LinnEea, 8. p. 69.) branches
elongated, subscandent ; branchlets sometimes spiny ; leaves
alternate, broad-ovate, acute, denticulately ciliated, glabrous ;
flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; calycine segments
linear, acute, exceeding the berry, which is globose ; corolla
funnel-shaped, puberulous ; genitals exserted. (j . G. Native
of the South of Brazil, at the Rio Negro, Sello. Calyx deeply
5-cleft. Filaments villous, as in L. Barbarum. Corolla beset
with glandular down, purple?
O7;o/trf-leaved Boxthorn. Shrub climbing.
10 L. obova'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 46. t. 183. f. c.)
branches spreading ; spines stiff, leafy while young ; leaves
obovate, obtuse, petiolate, scattered, or fascicled ; peduncles
SOLANACEiE. XIII. Lycium.
459
solitary, extra-axillary, 1-flowereil, drooping; corolla tubular:
limb hairy, erect ; calyx villous, 5-cleft. h . G. Native of
Peru, in hedges at Tarma. Stem cinereous, much-branched.
Calycine segments reflexed. Corolla purplish violet. Berry
small, globose, orange-coloured. Old spines naked.
ObovateAeaved Boxthorn. Shrub.
11 L. sa'lsum (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. t. 183. f. b.) branches
long, pendulous : spines leafy ; leaves obovate-oblong, sessile ;
flowers extra-axillary, drooping, solitary, on short pedicels ;
corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted. ^ . G. Native of
Peru, in hedges near Lurin. Leaves small, fascicled. Calyx 5-
toothed. Corolla small, whitish purple ; segments oblong,
clammy, obtuse, spreading. Berry small, ovate-oblong, acute,
2-celled, hardly pulpy. Seeds small yellow.
Salt Boxthorn. Shiub.
12 L. Thunbe'rgii ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic ; branches
loose, sub-spinose. 5; . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, in Carro, between Roggefelt and Bokefelt. L. barbarum,
Thunb. in Lin. trans. 9. p. 152. Stem terete, grey, erect.
Branches more or less spiny, elongated, usually simple. Leaves
usually solitary beneath the spines, glabrous, H inches long,
and more.
Thunberg's Boxthorn. Shrub.
Sect. II. Isodontia (from ktoc, isos, equal ; and ocovq ocov-
roc, odous odonios, a tooth ; in reference to the calyx being
regularly 5-toothed.) Calyx urceolately campanulate, regularly
5-toothed. Corolla tubularly campanulate ; limb 5-cleft, erect.
Genitals inclosed. — Spiny shrubs. Leaves in fascicles. Pe-
duncles almost axillary, solitary. Flowers drooping.
13 L. PARViFOLiUM (Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 698.) very spiny ; leaves in fascicles, obovate, obtuse, gla-
brous ; flowers almost axillary, solitary, pendulous ; corollas
tubular; stamens almost inclosed. I; . F. Native of the Andes
of Peru, between Caxamarca and Magdalena, at the altitude of
800 hexapods. L. microphy'llum, Hurab. et Bonpl. mss. but
not of Duh. L. horridum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 52. but not of Thunb. Leaves small. Calyx obsoletely 5-
toothed, or nearly entire. Corolla tubular, a little curved, 6-7
times longer than the calyx. Filaments capillary, glabrous.
Stigma thickened. Pedicels longer than the calyxes.
Small-leaved Boxthorn. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
14 L. A'frum (Lin. spec. 277.) erect, spiny ; leaves fasci-
cled, linear, canescent, attenuated at the base, obtuse, fleshy ;
flowers almost axillary, solitary, drooping ; corolla tubular, 3
times longer than the calyx ; stamens inclosed, f^ • H. Native
of the North of Africa, as of Palestine ; and of Spain. Mill,
icon. t. 171. f. 1. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 324. Ker. hot. reg.
t. 354. Lam. ill. 112. f. 1.— Duh. arb. ed. nov. p. 107.-110.
— Trew. ehret. 4. t. 24. f. 2. — Plenck. icon. t. 127. — Mich,
gen. p. 224. t. 105. f. 2. — Nis. act. par. 1711. p. 420. t. 12.
Bark grey coloured ; the smaller branches frequently spiny.
Leaves glaucous. Filaments bearded near the base, as in all
the true species. .Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Corolla violaceous,
rich purple above. Berry globose, violaceous. Calyx 5-
toothed.
Jfrican Boxthorn. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1712. Shrub 6
to 10 feet.
15 L. te"nue (Willd. enum. 1. p. 242.) erect, spiny; leaves
linear, rather fleshy, in fascicles ; flowers almost axillary, pedi-
cellate, solitary, drooping ; corolla tubular ; stamens equal in
length to the limb of corolla. Tp . F. Native country un-
known, but probably of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves nar-
rower and shorter than in L. A'frum. Pedicels a little longer
than the calyx. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth adpressed. The
corolla is said by Willd. to he nearly like that of L. Barbarum,
and the stamens a little longer than the limb, and, therefore,
probably belongs to the last section.
Slender Boxthorn. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 5 to
6 feet.
16 L. PBOPiNQUUM ; leaves linear-ellijjtic ; branches strict;
peduncles longer than the leaves, fj . H. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. L. A'frum, Thunb. prod. 37. and in Lin. trans. 9.
p. 158. but not of Lin. Stem stiff", erect ; branches spinescent,
somewhat verticillate, short, strict. Leaves fascicled, glabrous,
a nail in length. Peduncles capillary, 1-flowered, about equal
in length to the flowers. Corolla short, campanulate.
Allied Boxthorn. Shrub.
17 L. rIgidum (Thunb. prod. 37. Lin. trans. 9. p. 153. t.
14.) erect, spiny ; leaves linear, obtuse, in fascicles ; peduncles
shorter than the leaves and flowers ; corolla tubular ; stamens
inclosed ; calyx 5-toothed ; teeth ciliated. Ij . F. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, about Cape Town. Willd. enum. 1.
p. 245. L. carnosum, Duh. arb. ed. nov. p. 111. Pers. ench.
l.p. 231. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 427. L. A'frum, /3, Lam. diet.
3. p. 509. L. Italicum, Mill. diet. no. 2. ?^Trew. ehret. t. 24,
f. 1. Stem flexuous, glabrous, grey; branches rugosely angu-
lar, cinereous, spiny at top. Leaves glabrous, curved, a nail in
length. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, drooping. This species
hardly differs from L. AJrum, unless in the pedicels being very
short, the much dwarfer habit of the shrub, in the fewer
spines, and in the leaves being paler. Pedicels solitary, or by
threes. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth acute. Corolla
tubular, violaceous. Berry globose, size of a pea, and 2-celled.
Sftff Boxthorn. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1795. Shrub 3 to 4
feet.
18 L. ? microphy'llum (Duh. arb. nov. ed. p. 112. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 231.) erect, spiny, stiff", quite smooth ; branches re-
flexed ; leaves solitary, or in fascicles, parabolic ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, pedicellate, drooping ? ; corolla funnel-shaped ? ;
stamens inclosed ?. Ij . F. Native of the East of Africa, and
in India. Branches cinereous, terminated each by a strong
spine. Leaves glaucous, small, linear ?. Berry globose, dark
blue. Perhaps not belonging to the present section.
;S??ia?/-i<:«ue(/ Boxthorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
19 L.cine'reum (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 37. in Lin. trans. 9. p.
154. t. 16. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1059. enum. 1. p. 245.) branches
terete, spreading, filiform ; branchlets spiny, short ; leaves lan-
ceolate, obtuse, glaucous, glabrous, in fascicles ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, drooping ; corolla tubular ; stamens inclosed.
tj . F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pedicels shorter
than the calyx, and twice as short as the leaves. Corolla purple ?
Ciwereoi^i Boxthorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
20 L. HORRIDUM (Thunb. prod. 37. in Lin. trans. 9. p. 154.
t. 17. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 2. p. 4.) branches strict ;
leaves obovate, fleshy, glabrous ; flowers nearly sessile. fj . F.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Saldanha Bay. Stem
stiff", much branched, 3 feet high ; branches nodulose, grey,
spinescent. Leaves fascicled, 3-7 in each fascicle, flat above,
and convex beneath, white, small. Flowers solitary, pedicellate.
Pedicels terete, glabrous, a line long.
//omd Boxthorn. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1791. Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
21 L. tetra'ndrum (Thunb. prod. p. 37. Lin. suppl. 150.
Thunb. in Lin. trans. 9. p. 154. t. 15.) spiny, erect; branches
angular, strict ; leaves fascicled, ovate, obtuse ; ffowers nearly
sessile ; corollas quadrifid, tetrandrous. \ . F. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, about Cape Town. Stem twisted, gla-
brous, angular, grey, stiff"; branches horizontal, spiny. Leaves
a line long. Flowers solitary, rising from the fascicles of leaves
on short pedicels. Very like L. A'frum, but is distinguished
3 N 2
460
SOLANACE^. XIII. Lycium.
from that species in the leaves being more fleshy, and in the
flowers being tetramerous and tetrandrous. It is also, perhaps,
the L. capense, Mill. diet. no. 7, of which he gives the following
description. " Leaves oblong-ovate, thickish, crow'ded ; spines
strong, leafy. Leaves scattered, solitary, or fascicled, thick,
pale green, permanent." This shrub has stood the open air
throughout the winter in Chelsea botanic garden, but did not
flower.
Tetrandrous-fiov/ered Boxthorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. ?
Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
Sect. III. Anisodontia (from ai'iiroe, anisos, unequal ; and
ooovs vcofToc, odous odontos, a tooth ; in reference to the irre-
gularly 5-toothed, or 5-cleft calyx.) Calyx ureeolate, generally
irregularly 5-cleft, or 5-toothed. Corolla tubular ; limb erect,
plicate, 5-10-toothed, rarely 5-cleft, or 5-lobed. Genitals in-
closed, or nearly so. — Unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves scat-
tered. Flowers sub-axillary, or terminal, fasciculately umbellate.
§ 1. Calyx 5-toothed, 5-cleft, or 5-lobed.
22 L. FUCHSioi^DES (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 147. t.
42. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 52.) branchlets
puberulous ; leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish, glabrous ; umbels
extra-axillary and terminal, sessile ; corollas tubular, with a 5-
toothed limb, glabrous; stamens hardly exserted. Tj . G.
Native of the province of Quito, in cold places near Delay,
Cumbe, and Cuenca, at the altitude of 1400 hexapods. Branches
angular. Flowers pedicellate, pendulous. Calyx campanulate,
2-lobed, one of the lobes bidentate, and the other tridentate, or
entire. Corolla purple. Filaments dilated and villous at the
base. Stigma 2-lobed. Beiry ovate, 1-celled, many-seeded,
girded by the calyx.
Fuchsia-like Boxthorn. Fl. Aug. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
23 L. GESNERioiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
53.) branchlets villously tomentose ; leaves ovate, acute, gla-
brous above, and clothed with powdery pubescence beneath ;
umbels sub-axillary and terminal, sessile ; corollas tubular, with
a 5-lobed limb, downy ; stamens hardly exserted. T; . G. Na-
tive of the Andes of Quito, in temperate places near El Machin,
and in the valley of the river Toche. Branchlets terete, gla-
brous. Pedicels villous. Calyx 5-toothed, downy. Corolla
yellow ; limb 5-lobed and plicate, downy. Berry girded by the
calyx. Filaments a little dilated, and downy at the base. Stigma
sub-capitate, 3-lobed.
Gesneria-like Boxthorn. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
24 L. umbella'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 45. t. 182.
f. b.) branchlets downy ; leaves oblong -lanceolate, glabrous,
but powdery beneath ; umbels axillary, on short peduncles ;
corolla tubular, with acute segments ; stamens inclosed. >; . S.
Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta, in hedges by viay sides.
Leaves 6 inches long. Pedicels unequal. Corolla violaceous ;
segments of the limb acute. Filaments glabrous. Berry glo-
bose, orange-coloured, size of a pea. Seeds reniform.
Umhellate-^oviercA Box-Thorn. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
25 L. cestroi'des (Schlecht, in Linneea, 8. p. 70.) branches
spinescent ; leaves alternate, and falsely fascicled, broad, lance-
olate, acute at both ends, glabrous ; flowers pedicellate, rising
in fascicles from the axils of the upper leaves, hence they are
sometimes falsely umbellate ; calyx tubular : teeth short, trian-
gular, very acute ; corolla tubular, glabrous, with downy mar-
gins ; genitals inclosed ; stamens unequal; berry nearly globose,
exceeding tlie calyx a little, which is cleft at the side. f; . H.
Native of the South of Brazil, near San Jose do Uruquay, Sello.
Largest leaves 2 to 2| inches long. Flowers large. Calyx downy,
.5-toothed, at length cleft at the side. Limb of corolla bluntly
5-lobed. Berry globose, red. Seeds compressed. Embryo
annular.
Ceslrum-like Boxthorn. Shrub.
§ 2. Calyx IQ-toothed.
26 L. Loxe'nse (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) arboreous ; branch-
lets pubescently tomentose; leaves ovate, somewhat acuminated,
downy on both surfaces ; umbels nearly axillary, and terminal,
sessile; corollas tubular, with an obsoletely lO-toothed limb,
downy ; stamens inclosed. I7 • Gr- Native of Peru, near Loxa,
at the altitude of 1050 hexapods. Branches terete. Leaves 3-
3| inches long. Pedicels clothed with hoary tomentum. Calyx
campanulate, 5-toothed, downy. Corolla yellow, downy ; limb
plicate ; alternate teeth very minute. Filaments a little dilated,
and downy at the base. Stigma capitate. Berry ovate-oblong,
girded by the calyx, 1-celled.
Loxa Boxthorn. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
27 L. coRNiFOLiuM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 54.) arboreous ;
branchlets clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves roundish-
ovate, sub-acuminated, complicate, puberulous above, but
clothed with soft rufescent tomentum beneath ; umbels almost
axillary, and terminal, sessile; corollas tubular, with a 10-
toothed limb, downy; stamens inclosed. ^. G. Native of
the province of Quito, in bushy places between Tiscan and
Alausi, at the altitude of 1300 hexapods. L. ov^le, Willd. rel.
ex Roeni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 698. Leaves 3 inches long.
Pedicels tomentose. Calyx downy, tubularly campanulate, 5-
cleft. Corolla downy ; limb plicate, the alternate teeth very
minute. Filaments downy at the base. Stigma sublobate.
Berry girded by the calyx.
Dogwood-leaved \^o\thorn. Shrub 15 to 18 feet.
28 L. UMBRosuM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) arboreous ; branch-
lets clothed with hairy down ; leaves oblong, acuminated,
smoothish : floral ones ovate-rhomboid ; umbels almost axil-
lary and terminal, sessile ; corollas tubular, with a 10-toothed
limb, hairy ; stamens almost inclosed. ^. G. Native of New
Granada, in shady places near La Vega de St. Lorenzo, and
Almaguer, at the altitude of 1200 hexapods, where it is called
by the inhabitants Upaquanda. Branches rather angular.
Leaves 6 inches long. Pedicels hairy. Corolla scarlet, widened
at top, a little curved ; the teeth of the limb obtuse and fim-
briately ciliated. Filaments membranovis at bottom and downy.
Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Berry ovate, 1-celled, many-
seeded. The plant is used in the cure of erysipelas.
Shaded Boxthorn. Shrub 12 to 16 feet.
■f Species hardly known.
29 L. capsula~re (Lin. amcen. acad. 4. p. 308.) leaves lan-
ceolate, thin, glabrous ; jieduncles and calyxes downy ; pericarp
capsular. fj . G. Native of Mexico, Miller. Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1061. Lam. diet. 3. p. 510. Branches terete, furnished
with spreading, axillary, simple spines. Leaves on short peti-
oles. Peduncles simple, axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the
leaves. Calyx downy. Corolla rotate. Stigmas 2, straight,
slender. Capsule ovate, mucronate, 2-celled. Certainly not
a species of Lycium, from the capsular fruit and rotate co-
rolla.
Capsular Box-Thorn. Shrub.
30 L. Carolinia'num (Walt. fl. carol, p. 84. Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 95.) unarmed ; leaves narrow, spatulate-ob-
long ; flowers quadrifid, tetrandrous, bluish. Tj . H. Native
of Carolina, Georgia, Florida, by the sea shore, among rushes.
Caroline Box-Thorn. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub 4
to 5 feet ?
31 L. oBTu'suM (Willd. rel. ex Roera. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
SOLANACE^. XIII. Lycium. XIV. Acnistus. XV. Jaborosa.
461
698.) leaves obovate, on long petioles ; peduncles crowded ;
branches spiny ; flowers tetrandrous. I; . S. Native of Cu-
mana, Humb. et Bonpl.
Blunt-haved Box-Thorn. Shrub.
32 L. GRANDiFLORA (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves elliptic ; pedun-
cles aggregate ; calyx 3-lobed. ^ . S. Native of Caraccas.
Greal-Jiowcrcd Box-Thorn Shrub.
33 L. ine'rme (Mill. diet. no. 9.) leaves lanceolate, alternate,
permanent, petiolate. ^ . S. Native country unknown. Stem
thick, woody. Branches numerous, short, brown. Leaves 3
to 34 inches long, dark green. Flowers white. Fruit unknown.
Perhaps not a species of the present genus.
Unarmed Box-Thorn. Shrub.
34 L. Cochinchine'nse (Lour. coch. p. 134. ed. Willd.
1. p. 165.) leaves oblong, obtuse; stem unarmed; cymes ter-
minal. T^ . G. Native of Cochinchina, in woods. Shrub
erect, branched. Leaves thick, glabrous, alternate. Calyx 5-
cleft. Corolla white, tubidar ; limb 5-cleft, reflexed. Stamens
5, about equal in length to the corolla, clothed with many long
hairs, which close up the tube. Berry roundish, 2-celled. Per-
haps belonging to section Eulycium.
Cochinchina Box-Thorn. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. The hardy kinds of Box-Thorn are well fitted for
arbours, or to be trained against trellis-work or walls. The
L. A'frum, and some of the Cape species belonging to the same
section, are very handsome while in flow'er ; and they will thrive
and flower if trained against a wall, with a south or west aspect.
They are all readily increased by ripened cuttings, under a
hand-glass in sand. The stove and greenhouse species should
be treated like other stove and greenhouse shrubs.
XIV. ACNI'STUS (meaning unknown to us.) Schotte, in
wien. zeit. litt. 4. p. 1180. Linnaea, 6. p. 54. SchJecht, in
Linnsea, 7. p. 66. Cestrum Lycium and A'tropa species of
authors.
Lyn. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed, nearly regular. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short,
dilated at the base; limb 5-parted, reflexed or spreading, imbri-
cate in aestivation. Genitals exserted; filaments naked, dilated at
the base. Anthers elliptic, cordate, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma
funnel-shaped. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded ; placenta semi-
globose, adnate by the middle to the dissepiment. Seeds
reniform, compressed. Embryo ? — Unarmed shrubs. Leaves
and branches scattered, quite entire. Flowers fascicled, or in
contracted racemes, from the axils of the leaves of the preceding
year. Corollas white, sweet-scented at night. Berry red, or
black, globose.
1 A. ARBOREscENs (Schlecht, in Linnaea, 7. p. 67.) shrubby ;
leaves elliptic, acute, downy above, but at length green, and
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; racemes umbellate, from
the axils of the fallen leaves. Tj . S. Native of Martinico,
Jamaica, Brazil, Peru, as about Lima and Chancay. Acnistus
cauliflorus, Schotte, I. c. A'tropa arborescens. Lin. amcen. acad.
4. p. 307. Lam. diet. 1. p. 396. Swartz, obs. p. 91. Lycium
aggregatum, Ruiz. et. Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 45. t. 182. f. a. Ces-
trum campanulatum. Lam. diet. 1. p. 688. Cestrum cauliflorum,
Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 41. t. 325. A'tropa solanacea,
Allioni. Belladonna frutescens, flore albo, Nicotianse foliis.
Plum. spec. 1. icon. t. 46. f. 1. Leaves 3-7 inches long, white
from tomentum, powdery when young, but at length green.
Filaments free almost to the base. Lycium Guayaquilense, and
L. floribiinduni, H. B. et Kunth, 3. p. 39. does not seem to
differ much from the present plant.
Arborescent Acnistus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
2 A. Guayaquile'nsis ; arboreous ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, downy above, but clothed with soft tomentum beneath ;
umbels extra-axillary, sessile. I? . S. Native of Quito, near
Guayaquil, in humid places. Lycium Guayaquilense, H. B. et
Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. SO. Branches terete, canescent,
tomentose. Stigma capitate, somewhat 2-lobed. Corolla gla-
brous.
Guayaquil Acnistus. Tree or Shrub.
3 A. floribu'ndus ; shrubby ; leaves oblong, acute, glabrous
above, and downy beneath ; umbels extra-axillary, sessile, ap-
proximate. ^ . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, between
Caxamarca and the river Magdalena, at the altitude of SOD
hexapods. Lyciuvn floribundum, H. B. et Kunth. nuv. gen.
3. p. 51. Branches glabrous, white. Flowers larger than
those of the preceding. Corolla downy outside. Stigma capi-
tate, somewhat 2-lobed.
Bundle-Jlowered Acnistus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
4 A. spatula'tus ; glabrous ; leaves obovate-spatidate, scat-
tered or fascicled ; umbels nearly axillary, sessile ; corolla with
acute downy segments. Tj . S. Native of Peru, about Hua-
nuco, in hedges. Lycium spatulatum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per.
2. t. 183. f. a. Branchlets angular. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Berry roundish, reddish-yellow, size of a pea.
Spatulate-\QA\eA Boxthorn. Shrub.
5 A. sideroxyloi'des ; leaves oblong-ovate, acute at both
ends, downy beneath ; umbels lateral, sessile. h . S. Native
along the banks of the river Magdalena. A'tropa sideroxy-
loides. Herb. Willd. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 686.
Iron-wood-like Acnistus. Shrub.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see the stove species of
Lycium.
XV. JABORO'SA (a name given by Jussieu, derived from
the Arabic word Jaborose, which was applied to the Mandrake,
from its affinity to it.) Juss. gen. 125. ed. Usteri, p. 140.
Lam. t. 114. Gill, et Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 347. t. 71.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-cleft ;
segments acute. Corolla campanulate or tubular, 5-cleft ; seg-
ments acute. Stamens 5, inserted towards the top of the tube ;
filaments short, flat. Stigma capitate. Berry globose, 3-celled,
ex Cav., 2-celled, ex Hook. ; placenta fixed to the longitudinal
dissepiment. — Herbs natives of Chili and Buenos Ayres. Leaves
radical. Scapes 1 -flowered. Corollas white.
1 J. caule'scens (Gill et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 347. t.
71.) stems many, decumbent ; leaves lyrately pinnatifid, spinu-
losely-toothed, petiolate ; bracteas subulate, verticillate ; corolla
narrow, campanulate, hairy inside. "H.. G. Native of Chili,
in the valleys of the Andes towards Mendoza. Root long, de-
scending, nearly fusiform. Limb of corolla spreading, with
acute segments. Capsule globose ; receptacle fixed to a longi-
tudinal dissepiment. Seeds numerous, black.
Caulescent Jaborosa. PI. prostrate.
2 J. integrifolia (Lam. diet. 3. p. 1S9. ill. t. 114.) stem-
less ; leaves petiolate, oval, nearly entire ; corolla with a long
tube and acuminated segments. % . G. Native of Buenos
Ayres. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3489. J. Bonariensis, Gmel. syst.
1. p. 380. Leaves radical, 3-6 inches long. Scapes length of
petioles. Corolla 2 inches long.
Entire-kavcd Jaborosa. PI. 5 to | foot.
3 J. runcina'ta (Lam. diet. I. c. Link, et Otto. pl. sel. p.
103. t. 48.) usually stemless ; leaves petiolate, oblong-obovate,
sinuately pinnatifid ; corolla campanulate, with acute segments,
■y. G. Native of Monte Video, and Buenos Ayres, in the flats
called Pampas. Leaves like those of Taraxacum, 2-4 inches
long, and hardly 1^ broad. Scapes a little shorter than the
462
SOLANACE^E. XV. Jaborosa. XVI. Nicotiana.
leaves. Corolla hardly an inch long ; segments of the limb
spreading or reflexed. The specimens collected by Dr. Gillies
have no stem ; while the plant figured by Link and Otto has a
stem 4-5 inches long, from which both the leaves and flowers
have their origin ; but in Gillies's specimens the leaves and
flowers spring at once from the root.
Ru?ic'niatc-leaved Jaborosa. PI. 5 to -J foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Netot'txia, p. 454.
Tribe II. NicoTiA^NEiE. Limb of corolla plicate in aestiva-
tion. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the corolla.
Fruit capsular, 2-celled. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft.
XVI. NICOTIA'NA (this genus takes its name of Jean
Nicot, of Nismes in Languedoc, agent from the king of France
to Portugal, who procured the seeds from a Dutchman, who had
brought them from Florida, and sent them to France.) Tourn.
inst. 1. p. 117. t. 41. Lin. gen. no. 248. Schreb. gen. no.
3S4. Juss. gen. 125. ed. Usteri, 139. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 369.
.St. Hil. f;im. nat. 1. p. 286. t. 46. Lam. ill. 2. p. 6. t. 113.
Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 141. t. 44. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 264. no.
331. t. 55. f. 11. Lehm. nicot. p. 12. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. 3. p. 1. — Tabacus, Mcench. meth. p. 448.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped or salver-shaped ; limb 5-lobed, plicate,
spreading. Stamens 5, length of the tube of the corolla. An-
thers dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-celled,
covered by the permanent calyx, 2-valved ; valves bipartite,
therefore the capsule opens by 4 parts at the apex ; placentas free,
distant from the dissepiment. Seeds very numerous, minute. — •
Usually herbs, rarely subshrubs, generally clothed with clammy
hairs or down. Flowers terminal, racemose or panicled, white,
greenish or purplish.
Sect. I. Ta'bacum (the name Tobacco, which has superseded
all others, is the appellation of a district in Mexico.) Leaves
large. Flowers funnel-shaped, red ; limb of corolla spreading,
acuminated or acute; throat inflately ventricose. — Plants clothed
with clammy down. Flowers disposed in short, many-flowered
racemes, the whole constituting terminal subcorymbose pani-
cles.
1 N. Ta'bacum (Lin. spec. 258.) herbaceous ; leaves sessile,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated : lower ones decurrent ; throat of
corolla inflately ventricose ; segments of the limb acuminated.
©. H. Native of America. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 109. Pursh,fl. 1.
p. 141. Ruiz, et Pav. fl.per. 2.p. 15. Lam. ill. t. 113. Woodv.
med. bot. p. 162. t. 69. Stev. et Church, med. bot. 1. t. 37.
N. Havanensis, Lag. elench. pi. hort. reg. madr. 1796. — Bull,
herb. 3. t. 285.— Blackw. 1. t. 146. — Sabb. hort. rom. 1. 1. 89.
— Regn. bot. 1. 1. 31. Plant downy, clammy. Leaves half stem-
clasping. Calyx oblong, with lanceolate, acute, unequal seg-
ments. Corolla downy outside ; limb rose-coloured. Capsule
length of calyx, or a little longer.
The Spaniards are said to have first become acquainted with
tobacco in the West Indies. It early attracted the notice of the
English settlers in Virginia, especially after the founding of
James Town in 1607. Shortly after this, it appears that tobacco
was introduced in lieu of specie, as the tavern-keepers were
compelled to exchange a dinner for a few pounds of tobacco ;
and government officers were paid in the same commodity. —
Tatham, p. 180.
The species of Nicotiana, principally grown as tobacco, are
N. Tdbacum, N. macrofhylla, and A', ruslica. The two first are,
1
however, generally preferred. The popular narcotic which it
furnishes is probably in more extensive use than any other, and
its only rival is the betel of the east. According to Linnaeus,
tobacco was known in Europe from 1560, being brought by the
Spaniards from America, and was cultivated at Lisbon in the
same year. It was brought to England from Tobago, in the
West Indies, or from Tobasco, in Mexico (and hence the name),
by Sir Ralph Lane, in 1586, but only the herb for smoking.
Afterwards, according to Hakluyt, seeds were introduced from
the same quarter. Sir Walter Raleigh first introduced smoking :
in the house in which he lived at Islington were his arms, on a
shield, with a tobacco plant on the top. Smoking has, conse-
quently, been common in Europe for upwards of two centuries.
Pallas, Rumphius, and Loureiro, are of opinion, that in China
the use of tobacco is more ancient than the discovery of the new-
world.
Tobacco, from being the solace only of the Red Indians of
America, has become one of the luxuries of the rich, and almost
a necessary of life for the poorer inhabitants of a great portion
of the globe. The Hindoo, slow to adopt strange customs, has
been caught with the general infection, though some religiously
abstain from its use : their nobles, as well as their women, may be
seen inhaling it in the midst of perfumed essences ; while the
labouring bearer, and hard-working boatmen, seem to derive
fresh vigour from their ever-in-hand hooqqas : the mountaineer,
finding it inconvenient to carry such an apparatus over his
rugged roads, makes a hole in the ground, through which he
smokes. " Tobacco, as used by man," says Du Tour (Nouveau
cours d'Agriculture, &c.) " gives pleasure to the savage and the
philosopher, to the inhabitant of the burning desert and the
frozen zone. In short, its use, either in powder, to chew, or to
smoke, is universal ; and for no other reason than a sort of con-
vulsive motion (sneezing) produced by the first, and a degree of
intoxication by the two last modes of usage. A hundred vo-
lumes," he adds, " have been written against it, of which a Ger-
man has preserved the titles. Among those books is that of
James Stuart, king of England, who violently opposed its intro-
duction. The grand duke of Moscow forbade its entrance into
his territory under pain of the knout for the first oflfence, and
death for the next. The emperor of the Turks, the king of Per-
sia, and Pope Urban VIII., issued similar prohibitions, all of which
were as ridiculous as those which attended the introduction of
coffee or Jesuits' bark. At present, all the sovereigns of Eu-
rope, and most of those of other parts of the world, derive a
considerable part of their revenue from tobacco."
Tobacco is cultivated in Europe as far north as Sweden ; and
is also grown in China, Japan, and other eastern countries. The
sort preferred is A'^. Tdbacum, which is an elegant plant, grown
also in gardens as a border flower. N. riistica, the fausse tabac
of the French, Bauern taback of the Germans, and Tabacca
cimarosa of the Spanish, is also frequently cultivated, especially
in Europe, it being considered hardier than the Virginian sort.
Parkinson says he has known Sir Walter Raleigh, when prisoner
in the Tower, prefer it to make good tobacco, " which he knew
so rightly to cure." Tobacco has been successfully cultivated
and cured in this country ; but its growth is prohibited to en-
courage our commerce with America. It is now only grown as
a curiosity, or for border flowers, or by gardeners for the de-
struction of insects. In Germany, and other northern coun-
tries, most families who have gardens grow enough of A'^. rus-
tica for their own use ; but as they do not know how to cure it,
it is not much valued, and is never made into chewing tobacco.
The cultivation of tobacco for commerce is chiefly carried on in
Virginia, Maryland, &c., or almost from 35° to 40° north latitude.
The other places of America celebrated for tobacco are Cuba,
Vera Cruz, and Cumana ; but in these places it is always grown
SOLANACE^. XVI. Nicotiana.
463
on elevated ground, where the temperature alone suits it in
these latitudes.
In the culture of tobacco in America, the plants are reared on
beds in spring ; and when they have acquired about 4 leaves,
they are planted in the field, in well prepared earth, about 3
feet distance every way. Every morning and evening the plants
require to be looked over, in order to destroy a worm, which
sometimes invades the bud. When 4 or 5 inches high, they are
moulded up. As soon as they have 8 or 9 leaves, and are
ready to put forth a stalk, the top is nipped off, in order to
make the leaves longer and thicker, by diverting all the ener-
gies of the plant to them. After this, the buds which sprout
from the joints of the leaves are all plucked, and not a day is
suffered to pass without examining the leaves to destroy a large
caterpillar which is sometimes very destructive to them. When
they are fit for cutting, which is known by the brittleness of the
leaves, they are cut with a knife close to the ground ; and after
lying some time, are carried to the drying-shed, where the
plants are hung up by pairs, upon lines having a space between,
that they may not touch each other. In this state they remain
to sweat and dry. When perfectly dry the leaves are stript,
and covered with blankets. Care is taken not to overheat them ;
for which reason the heaps are laid open to the air from time to
time, and spread abroad. This operation is repeated till no
more heat is perceived in the heaps ; and the tobacco is then
stowed in casks for exportation. Long. Jamaica, 3. p. 719.
In Persia the seed of the Shiraz tobacco is sown in December,
in a dark soil slightly manured ; and to protect the seeds, the
ground is covered with bushes, which are removed vihen the
plants are 3 or 4 inches high ; and during this period the plants
are watered every 4 or 5 days, if the weather is dry. They are
afterwards transplanted into a well moistened soil, on the tops
of ridges made for them. As soon as the flowers appear, the
buds are pinched off. After this operation the irrigation is con-
tinued, and the leaves increase m size and thickness till August
or September, when each plant is cut close to the root, and
again stuck firmly into the ground. At this season dews fall at
night; and while exposed to these, the colour of the leaves
change from green to the desired yellow colour ; during this
stage no water is given, and when they are sufficiently yellow,
the plants are taken from the earth early in the morning ; and
while they are yet wet with the dew, and heaped on each other
in a shed, the walls of which are made with bushes, where they
are freely exposed to the wind, — while there, and in 3 or 4
days, those leaves which were still green, become of the desired
pale yellow colour. The stalks and centre of each leaf are now
removed and thrown away. The leaves are again heaped toge-
ther in the drying-house for 3 or 4 days more, when they are in
a fit state for packing. For this purpose the leaves are care-
fully spread on each other, and formed into a sort of cake, 4-5
feet in circumference, and 3-4 inches thick, great care being
taken not to injure the leaves : these cakes are finally packed in
bags. Tiie leaf of the Shiraz tobacco is valued for being thick,
tough, and of a uniform yellow colour.
In the manufacture of tobacco, the leaves are first cleansed
from any earth, dirt, or decayed parts ; next they are gently
moistened with salt and water, or water in which salt along with
other ingredients has been dissolved, according to the taste of
the fabricator. This liquor is called tobacco sauce. The next
operation is to remove the midrib of the leaf; then the leaves
are mixed together, in order to render the quality of whatever
may be the final application equal. It is then cut into small shreds
for smoking, by a machine like a straw-cutter, or formed into small
cords for chewing, or dried and ground for numerous varieties of
snuffs. The three principal sorts of snuffs are called Rappees,
Scotch or Spanish, and Thirds. The first is only granulated, the
second is reduced to a very fine powder, and the third is the
siftings of the second sort. The large Havannah cigars are pro-
bably made from the leaves of A'^. macropliylla, or Oronoko to-
bacco ; the smaller, or Queen's, are said to be made from those
of A'^. repdnda. The Indians of the rocky mountains of North Ame-
rica use the leaves of N. quadrivdlvis and N. nana, and the In-
dians on the banks of the Columbia use those of A'^. multivdhis.
N. rustica is the tobacco of Salonica, and probably also that of
Latakkia, which is so much esteemed. Manilla has long been
celebrated for its tobacco. Niebuhr describes it as very fine.
Many smokers prefer Manilla cheroots to any other. The next
tobacco which has obtained reputation in England is that of Darab-
jird in Ears, (Shiraz,) N. Pers'ica. Still farther north, the tobacco
commonly denominated Turkish, the produce o{ N. rustica, and
grown on the coasts of the Mediterranean, is highly valued in
India. There is an excellent kind of tobacco called Arracan, or
Martaban. Dr. Ainslie states, that the finest tobacco in India,
and perhaps in the world, is grown near the village of Wooda-
num, in the northern circars, in some of those low sandy islands
formed at the mouth of the river Krishna (from which is made
the famous Masulipatam snuff) ; also in the Delta of Godavery,
where the soil is particularly rich and fertile. The Chunar and
Bhilsa tobaccos are also celebrated in India.
The active constituents of tobacco are supposed to be an
essential oil; for by long boiling, the decoction and extract of
tobacco become inert, and by distillation an oil is obtained from
it so active, that small animals are almost instantly killed when
wounded by a needle dipped in it. Vauquelin has analysed
tobacco, both in its fresh and prepared state. The expressed
juice is manifestly acid, and contains a great quantity of albumi-
nous matter, supermalate of lime, acetic acid, nitrate and mu-
riate of potass, muriate of ammonia, and a red matter soluble
in alcohol, and an acrid principle called narcotin, which is also
soluble in alcohol and water. Narcotin is obtained in a state
nearest to purity in the distilled water of the infusion of the dry,
or of the expressed juice of the fresh plant.
Tobacco is capable of producing deleterious effects on the
living body, whether taken into the stomach in substance or
solution, or into the lungs in the form of smoke, or applied to
abraded surfaces. The system, however, becomes easily habi-
tuated to the action of tobacco ; and many people use very large
quantities of it in several ways as a luxury, without experiencing
any other bad effect than what arises from their being unable to
relinquish it after the habit is confirmed. In medicine it is ex-
hibited in various forms ; when chewed, it causes an increased
flow of saliva, and sometimes relieves the toothache ; and re-
duced to powder, it proves an excellent errhine and sternutatory
when snufted up the nostrils. An infusion of it in water and
wine, in small doses, so as to have little effect on the stomach,
proves powerfully diuretic, and is employed with great success
in dropsy and dysuria. The infusion is also applied externally
for the cure of psora, tinea, and other cutaneous diseases. It
is employed both in infusion and smoke, in the form of
clysters in cases of obstinate constipation. An infusion of
the leaves forms a powerful lotion for obstinate ulcers. The
oil applied to a wound is said by Redi to be as fatal as the
poison of a viper. The decoction, powder, and smoke of
tobacco are used in gardening to destroy insects, and in agricul-
ture for the same purpose, and to cure cutaneous eruptions in
domestic animals.
Far. a, altenudtiim (Schrank, in Hoppe's bot. zeit. 1807. p.
260.) flowers attenuated ; leaves lanceolate, acute, subdecur-
rent, attenuated at the base: lower ones large. ©. H. Flow-
ers red.
Var. p, macrophijllum (Schrank, 1. c.) corollas obtuse, flatly
mucronate at the angles ; petioles short, winged, at length
464
SOLANACEiE. XVI. Nicotiana.
dilated and stem-clasping. ©. H. Flowers pals red, siiborbi-
cular, or with the margin obsoletely pentagonal. Perhaps not
distinct from the species under the same name.
Var. y, jxdlisccns (Schrank, 1. c.) corollas acute ; leaves
ovate, acuiTiinated, attenuated at the base, sessile, subdecurrent.
©. H. Corolla white, with a rose-coloured margin, white be-
neath.
Var. c, dlipes (Schrank, 1. c.) angles of corolla acuminated ;
leaves ovate, acuminated, attenuated into the petioles at the
base, which are broadly winged ; wings reflexed, at length half
stem-clasping, and a little decurrent. ©. FI. Flowers pale
red. Leaves all large. Perhaps the same as N. macrophylla,
.Spreng.
Var. £, serotinum (Schrank, 1, c.) leaves ovate, short-acumi-
nated, subpetiolate, auriculately stem-clasping, and a little de-
current. ©. H. This is the latest flowering of all the sorts.
Var. f , gracilipes (Schrank, 1. c.) flowers acute ; leaves lan-
ceolate, acute, very much attenuated at the base, running into a
short-winged petiole. ©. H. Flowers as in var. a, and the
leaves as in var. 0.
Var. 1], Verdan (Schrank, 1. c.) leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceo-
late, longish, acute ; petioles semi-terete, two-edged, somewhat
decurrent at the base. ©. H. Flowers late.
Var. 6, I'lnqua (Schrank, 1. c.) corollas long, acute ; leaves
ovate, petiolate, longish, acute ; petioles long, obsoletely mar-
gined, auricled at the base.
Common Tobacco, or Virginian or Sweet-scented Tobacco.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1570. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
2 N. Loxe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 3.)
leaves sessile, decurrent, oblong, acuminated, clammy and
pilose ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, greenish-white ;
lobes acuminated. ©. H. Native of New Granada, in shady
places between the town of Loxa and Mount Uritusinga, at the
altitude of 1060 hexapods. N. Tabacum, var. ?. Herb clammy
and pilose. Leaves 5 inches long, and 2 broad. Calyx 5-cleft,
rather unequal. This hardly differs from A'^. Tabacum, unless
in the colour of the flowers.
Loxa Tobacco. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
3 N. FRUTicosA (Lin. spec. 258.) stem siiffruticose, almost
simple ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, obliquely acuminated ;
throat of corolla inflately ventricose : segments of the limb acu-
minated. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lehm.
nicot. p. 23. no. 5. N. frutescens, Cav. elench. pi. hort. madr.
1807. Plant pubescent and viscid. Axillary branches short.
Leaves tapering into the petiole at the base. Calyx ovate, with
unequal, lanceolate segments. Limb of corolla rose-coloured.
Capsule conical, longer than the calyx.
Var. fl, angustifulia (Ehrh. beytr. 5. p. 169. Mill. icon. t.
185. f. 1.) leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile; calyxes acute;
tube of corolla long. I7 . G. Li Mill. diet. no. 5. there is
mentioned a var. alba, which has broad leaves and white flow-
ers, which is now unknown.
Shrubby Tohacco. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1699. Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
4 N. macrophy'lla (Spreng. ind. hort. hal. 1807. p. 45.
Lehm. nicot. p. 10.) herbaceous; leaves stem-clasping, ovate,
acute, auricled at tlie base ; throat of corolla inflately ventri-
cose : segments of the limb short, acuminated. ©. H. Native
of America. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 214. Lehm. nic. p. 19.
N. latissima. Mill. diet. no. 1. D. C. hort. monsp. 1813. p.
128. N. gigant^a, Enum. pi. hort. dorp. 1814. Plant downy,
clammy. Stem branched from the base. Calyx ovate, with
rather unequal, lanceolate, acute segments. Limb of corolla rose-
coloured. Capsule ovate, obtuse, a little longer than the calyx.
Large-leaved, or Oronoko Tobacco. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ?
PI. 5 to 7 feet.
5 N. Chine'nsis (Fisch. in litt. ex Lehm. nic. p. 18.) stem
siiffruticose ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire ;
throat of corolla inflately ventricose : segments of the limb
acute. Tj . G. Native of China. N. fruticosa, Lour. coch. 1.
p. 111? exclusive of the synonymes. Plant pubescent, clammy.
Stem branched at top. Calyx oblong, with nearly equal lanceo-
late-acute segments. Limb of corolla rose-coloured. Stamens
a little exserted.
China Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1819. PI. 3 to 6
feet.
6 N. LANCiFOLiA (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. nic. p. 26.) herba-
ceous ; leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, narrowly acuminated ;
throat of corolla inflately ventricose ; segments of the limb acu-
minated.- ©. H. Native of Quito, near Villa de Barra, at the
altitude of 1180 hexapods. N. Ybarrensis, H. B. et Kunth,
3. p. 4. Plant clothed with clammy hairs. Flowers panicu-
lately corymbose. Calyx tubularly campanulate. Corolla pur-
plish or rose-coloured. Capsule inclosed in the calyx.
Lance-leaved Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 2
to 3 feet. ?
7 N. aueicula'ta (Bertero, ined. ex Mor. elench. sard, ex
Linnaca, 5. p. 93.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, all au-
ricled at the base, and stem-clasping ; corolla with an inflated
throat ; segments acuminated. ©. H. Native of Sardinia.
Spontaneous on the edges of fields, but has probably been intro-
duced.
Auricled-\ea\eA Tobacco. PI. ?
Sect. H. Ru'stica (from rusticus, rustic. A'^. rust'wa is gene-
rally grown by the peasants in the country, being much hardier
than any of the other species.) Corollas yellow, funnel-shaped,
salver-shaped, or tubular ; segments bluntish, or acute.
§ 1. Corolla funnel-shaped or tubular ; tube inflated at toj), a7id
mouth contracted.
8 N. pusi'lla (Lin. spec. 258.) stem herbaceous, dichoto-
mous ; leaves sessile : radical ones oblong-oval ; calyx very
short ; tube of corolla subcylindrical, 3 times longer than the
calyx ; segments of the limb acute. ©. H. Native of Vera
Cruz. Lehm. nicot. p. 29. N. hiimilis, Ehret, beytr. 5. p.
169. Mill. diet. no. 10. Plant pubescent. Radical leaves
rosulate, 2-3 inches long ; cauline leaves half stem-clasping.
Racemes terminal. Calyx villous, 5-toothed ; teeth acute.
Capsule ovate, obtuse, glabrous, longer than the calyx. Co-
rollas small, of a yellowish-green colour.
Var. fl, humilis (Lehm. nicot. p. 29.) stem more humble, vil-
lous ; leaves narrower, dilated at the base ; flowers smaller ;
segments of corolla oblong, bluntish. ©. H. Native of Monte
Video.
SmallTohacco. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 1 foot.
9 N. UNDULATA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 16. t. 130. f.
b. Lehm. nicot. p. 31.) stem herbaceous, angular; leaves pe-
tiolate, lanceolate, undulated ; tube of corolla length of calyx ;
segments of the limb ovate, bluntish. ©. H. Native of Peru,
in Tarma. Plant downy, clammy. Flowers disposed in termi-
nal racemes. Corolla yellow ; tube length of calyx, ventricose
at top, with a contracted mouth, and a short limb. Stigma 2-
lobed. Capsule ovate, inclosed in the calyx. Calyx sub-bila-
biate, 5-toothed ; upper tooth large, and very long.
Undulated-\eaved Tobacco. PI. 3 feet.
10 N. panicula'ta (Lin. spec. 259.) stem herbaceous, nearly
simple ; leaves petiolate, ovate, cordate, entire, obtuse, smooth-
ish, quite glabrous, clavate ; tube of corolla much longer than
the calyx ; segments of the limb very short and acute, ex
Lehm., obtuse, ex Lin. ©. H. Native of Peru, near Pata-
bilca, on the sea shore. Lin. in act. holm. 1753. vol. 15. t. 1.
SOLANACE^. XVI. Nicotiana.
465
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. t. 129. f. b. Lehm. nicot. p. 36.
N. viridifloia, Cav. elencli. madr. 1803. — Feiiill. per. t. 10.
Plant pubiscent, clammy. Leaves petiolate. Flowers disjiosed
in a termiiud panicle. Filaments downy at the base. Capsule
ovate, bluntish, glabrous. Corolla salver-shaped, with a con-
tracted throat, green, or yellowish-green.
Panic/cd-Rowered Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1752.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
12 N. cerinthoi'des (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 214. Lehm.
nicot. p. 38. t. 2.) stem herbaceous, branched from the base ;
leaves petiolate, all cordate, quite entire; tube of corolla cla-
vate, downy, mvich longer than the calyx ; segments of the limb
very short, acute. Q. H. Native country unknown, but pro-
bably of America. Plant downy, clammy. Flowers disposed
in a terminal panicle. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth unequal. Co-
rolla tubular, greenish-yellow, having the throat a little con-
tracted ; segments subcordate, roundish, acute. Stamens nearly
equal, villous at the base. Capsule conical, obtuse, a little
longer than the calvx.
Honeunort-like 'Tobacco. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
13 N. GLAu'cA (Graham, in bot. mag. 2837.) arboreous,
erect, branched, glabrous ; leaves unequally cordate-ovate,
naked, glabrous, on long petioles ; panicles terminal ; corolla
having the tube slightly curved, the throat slightly inflated, the
mouth contracted, the limb small, cup-shaped, with short, acute
segments. T; . H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Plant glaucous
in every part. Leaves sometimes slightly sinuated. Corolla
green in the bud, afterwards yellow, covered with soft down.
Calyx obscurely angled, with 5 sharp, unequal, erect, somewhat
ciliated teeth.
Glaucous Tobacco. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1827. Shrub 10
to 20 feet.
14 N. Langsdorffii (Weinm. in litt. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 323.) stem herbaceous, branched; lower leaves ovate,
obtuse, petiolate: superior ones almost sessile, decurrent ; tube
of corolla clavate : segments of the limb obtuse. ©. H. Na-
tive of Brazil. Sims, bot. mag. 2221. and 25.55. Plant downy or
pilose, viscid. Lower leaves tapering into the petioles, undulated :
superior ones lanceolate, acute. Flowers terminal, panicled,
green, or greenish-yellow. The two superior teeth of calyx
longer. Tube of corolla an inch long ; limb subplicate. Pollen
blue. Capsule ovate, obtuse.
Langdorjfs Tobacco. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 3 to 5
feet.
^ 2. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube inflated, cylindrical.
15 N. Ru'sTicA (Lin. spec. 258.) stem herbaceous, terete ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, quite entire ; tube of corolla cylindrical,
longer than the calyx : segments of the limb roundish, obtuse.
0. H. Native of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Desf.
fl. atl. 1. p. 190. Moench, metli. 448. Lehm. nicot. p. 34. —
Black w. herb. t. 437.— Bull. herb. t. 289.— Sabb. hort. rom. 1.
t. 90. — Regn. bot. 1. t. 52. Plant villous, clammy. Leaves
thick, fleshy. Panicle composed of terminal racemes. Corolla
greenish-yellow. Stamens villous at the base. Capsule nearly
globose, obtuse, a little longer than the calyx. This is com-
monly called English Tobacco, from its having been the first in-
troduced here ; and being much more hardy than the other sorts,
insomuch that it has become a weed in many places. It came,
however, originally from America, by the name of Petuin.
Var. ft, Asialica (Schultes, obs. p. 43. Lehm. nicot. p. 34.)
lower leaves ovate : superior ones cordate, pilose on both sur-
faces ; flowers obtuse, mucronate. ©. H. N. Tatarica, Hort.
cracov. N. Sibirica, Hort. parm. pi. hort. flortnt. 1797. N.
VOI,. IV.
scabra, Cav. elench. matr. 1813. N. rugosa, Mill. diet. no. 7.
There are several other varieties of this species.
Rustic, Common or English Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1570. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
16 N. uu'milis (Link, enum. 1. p. 178. but not of Ehret.)
stem nearly simple ; leaves ovate, obtuse, repand, equal at the
base ; corolla with a cylindrical tube, which is twice as long as
the calyx, and hairy, and the limb 4 times shorter than the
tube. ©. H. Native country unknown. Very like N. rus-
tica ; but difltrs in the proportions of the corolla, and in the
more slender habit.
Humble Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ? PI. J to 1 foot.
17 N. pulmonarioi'des (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 2.) leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, running into the peti-
oles at the base, rather pilose ; flowers panicled ; corollas salver-
shaped, exceeding the calyx a little : limb obtuse. ©. H. Na-
tive of the Province de Los Pastos, near Rio Blanco, between
Guachucal and Tulca, at the altitude of 1620 hexapods. Plant
claiTimy and hairy. Calyx 5-cleft, with ovate, acute segments.
Corolla green ; tube ventricose at top. Capsule subglobose,
acute, glabrous, inclosed in the calyx.
Lungwort-like Tobacco. PI. 3 feet.
18 N. ANDi'coLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 1.) herba-
ceous ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, acutish, narrowed at the base,
stnoothish ; panicles terminal, nearly simple, spreading, clammy,
and pilose ; corolla somewhat salver-shaped, exceeding the
calyx a little : lobes of limb obtuse, emarginate. ©. H. Na-
tive of the Andes of Peru, near Micuipampa, at the altitude of
850 hexapods. Herb clammy, and rather pilose. Calyx 5-
cleft, with ovate, obtuse segments. Corolla green ; tube ven-
tricose at top. Stamens pilose at the base. Capsule glabrous,
covered by the permanent calyx.
Andicoluus Tobacco. PI. 3 to 6 feet.
Sect. III. Petunioides. Corollas salver-shaped, white; tube
subcylindrical ; segments of the limb obtuse or acute. Plants
densely clothed with clammy villi. Flowers disposed in ra-
cemes or panicles, terminating the stem and branches.
19 N. suave'olens (Lehm. nicot. p. 43.) stems herbaceous,
nearly simple ; leaves subpetiolate, ovate-lanceolate, undidated ;
tube of corolla cylindrical, much longer than the calyx ; seg-
ments of tlie limb rather unequal, roiuidish, obtuse. ©. H. or
■y . G. Native of New Holland. N. undulata. Vent. malm. t. 10.
Jacq. fragm. t. oG. Sims, bot, mag. t. 673. R. Br. prod. p.
447. Stem villous at the base, and smoothish at top. Leaves
with a few scattered soft hairs on tlie veins and midrib ; radical
ones subspatulate, bluntish, rosidate. Calyx deeply 5-cleft ; seg-
ments acute, unequal. Limb of corolla white. Capsule ovate,
obtuse, glabrous, inclosed in the calyx.
Sweet-scented Tobacco. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
20 N. viNCEFLoRA (Lag. hort. madr. ex Link, enum. 1. p.
179.) leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, a little serrulated, glabrous; calycine segments equal, acu-
minated ; tube of corolla elongated ; segments of the limb
blunt ; stem rough at top. %. G. Native of South America.
Very nearly allied to N. suaveolens ; but differs in the plant
being glabrous, and in the stem being warted at top.
Periwincle-flowered Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820.
PI. 2 feet.
21 N. LONGIFLORA (Cav. dcscr. p. 106. D. Don, in Sweet,
fl. gard. n. s. no. 196.) scabrous ; cauline leaves stem-clasping,
cordate-lanceolate, acuminated ; tube of corolla long, filiform,
5 times longer than the subfoliaceous calyx ; lobes of corolla
ovate-lanceolate, acute. © • H. Native of Chili and Buenos
3 O
I
466
SOLANACE^. XVI. Nicotiana.
Ayres. Corolla at first of a dirty white, afterwards tinged with
purple, greenish-yellow, and pubescent outside ; inside of limb
pure white. The whole plant is said to be villous, and the
lower leaves petiolate, by Cavanilies.
Long-flowered Tobacco. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1832. PI. 2
to 8 feet.
22 N. NOCTiFLi>RA (Hook. bot. mag. t. 2785. Sweet, fl.
gard. t. 262.) glandular and clanmiy, and beset with adpressed
hairs ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lancei late, acute, undulately
curled ; tube of corolla cylindrical, much longer than the calyx;
segments of corolla equal, obcordately emarginate. %.Y. Na-
tive of Chili. Flowers disposed in terminal panicles. Corollas
white, purple beneath, sweet-scented.
Niglit-flowcring Tobacco. Fl. Aug. Clt. 182G. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
23 N. Pe'rsica (Lindl. bot. reg. 1592.) clothed with clammy
down ; radical leaves oblong-spatulate : cauline ones sessile,
half stem-clasping, acuminated, hardly repand ; calyx acutely 5-
toothed ; corolla salver-shaped, with a long clavate tube, and
ovate, obtuse, emarginate, rather unequal segments. 0. H.
Native of Persia. Radical leaves cordate at the base. Flow-
ers racemose, extra-axillary, on short pedicels, sweet-scented at
night. Tube of corolla green, ventricose at top ; limb green
outside, and white inside. This kind of Nicotiana furnishes the
far-famed Shiraz tobacco. The N. Tdbacum is, however, also
cultivated in Persia.
Penian or Shiraz Tobacco. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. ? PI. \\
to 3 feet.
24 N. acumina'ta (Sims, bot. mag. 2919.) downy; leaves
broad-lanceolate, acuminated, undulated, on longish petioles ;
panicles few-flowered ; calyx clothed with glandular down ; ca-
lycine segments narrow ; corolla with an elongated tube, and
roundish obtuse segments. ©. H. Native of Valparaiso.
Petunia acuminata, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1828.
Corolla with a spreading white limb.
^c«mi)ia(e(/-leaved Tobacco. FL June, Sept. Clt. 1827.
PI. 2 feet.
25 N. angustifolia (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 16. t. 130.
f. a. Lehm. nic. p. 25.) herbaceous, branched ; leaves petio-
late : superior ones linear ; tube of corolla widened and sub-
ventritose at top : segments of the limb spreading, acute. ©.
H. Native of Chili, about Conception. Horn. hort. hafn. 1.
p. 215. Pers. ench. 1. p. 218. Plant pubescent, clammy.
Branches slender. Flowers disposed in diff"use, terminal pani-
cles. Calycine segments unequal, lanceolate-linear, acute. Limb
of corolla milk-cobured, nearly equal ; tube greenish. Capsule
conical, obtuse.
Narrow-leaved Tobacco. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
26 N. dilata'ta (Link, enum. 1. p. 179.) stem herbaceous,
rather tomentose, clammy ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, attenuated
towards the base, but dilated at the base, rep.ind ; tube of co-
rolla much longer than the calyx, subclavate ; segments of the
limb acute. ©. H. Native country unknown. Lower leaves
a foot long, and more than 3-4 inches broad ; cauline leaves
smaller, dilated at the base, all long-acuminated, and rather
tomentose. Limb of corolla white. Link received this species
under the name of A'^. angustifdlia.
L>ilatcd-\edved Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI.
27 N. plumbaginiifolia (Viv. elench. pi. hort.dinegro, p. 26.
t. 5.) stem herbaceous ; leaves sessile : lower ones obovate-
spatulate, bluntish : superior ones half stem-clasping, undulated;
tube of corolla very long, subclavate ; segments of the limb
ovate, acute. ©. H. Native country unknown, but probably
of South America. Lehm. nicot. p. 41. N. crispa, Jacq.
fragm. p. 57. t. 84. Desf cat. hort. par. 1804. p. 67. N.
eerinthoides, Vittmann. Plant rather scabrous and hairy.
1
Branches slender. Superior leaves oblong, the uppermost ones
lanceolate-linear. Racemes disposed in a terminal panicle.
Calyx 5-cleft, 10-striped; segments unequal. Limb of corolla
white above, and fuscescent beneath. Capsule ovate, glabrous,
length of calyx.
Plumbago-leaved Tobacco. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
28 N. reta'nda (Willd. herb, ex Lehm. nicot. p. 40. t. 3.) stem
herbaceous ; leaves stem-clasping, cordate-spatulate, roundish,
repandly undulated, sometimes lyrate ; tube of corolla slender,
very long : seginents of the limb ovate, acutish. ©. H. Na-
tive of Cuba, near Havannah. Sims, bot. mag. 2484. N. lyrata,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 4. Plant almost gla-
brous, except the young leaves, which are downy. Flowers
distant, disposed in terminal, elongated racemes. Calyx scaly,
on being examined by a lens, 5-cleft; segments equal. Tube
of corolla clavate at top ; limb white above. Capsule ovate,
obtuse, shorter than the calyx. The small Havannah cigars,
or queen's, are said to be made of this species.
Repa7id-lea.ved Toh-dcco. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1
foot.
29 N. viscosa (Lehm. nicot. p. 28.) stem herbaceous,
clammy ; leaves sessile, somewhat cuneiform, obtuse, dilated to-
wards the base, half stem-clasping ; tube of corolla subcylindri-
cal, twice as long as the calyx : segments of the limb ovate, ob-
tuse. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Stem angular. Ax-
illary branches short, terminated by flowers. Leaves 2-3 inches
long. Calycine segments unequal, short, obtuse. Corolla
white ? tube widened a little at top.
CTa^nm?/ Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 to 3
feet?
30 N. Bonarie'nsis (Lehm. nicot. p. 27. t. 1.) stem herba-
ceous ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, broader towards the
base, subrepand ; tube of corolla cylindrical ; segments of the
limb ovate, obtuse. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Plant
pubescently pilose. Leaves half stem-clasping at the base.
Flowers racemose, terminating the stem and branches. Caly-
cine segments nearly equal, narrow-lanceolate, acute. Corolla
downy, white; tube a little dilated at top.
Buenos A yrean Tobacco. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
Sect. IV. Polydi'clia (from no\v£, polys, many; and cikXic,
diclis, a valve ; in reference to the capsule being 4 or more
valved.) Corolla tubular, ventricose at the base, white inside,
and livid outside. Capsule 4 or many-valved. Flowers axil-
lary, solitary.
31 N. ouadriva'lvis (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 141.
Spreng. syst. p. 48. no. 95. Lehm. nicot. p. 45. t. 4.) stem
herbaceous, branched ; leaves petiolate, oblong ; tube of corolla
twice as long as the calyx ; segments of the limb oblong, blunt-
ish ; capsule 4-valved, nearly globose. 0. H. Native of
North America, at the Missouri river. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1778.
The whole plant is clammy and pilose, with a bad smell. Supe-
rior leaves nearly sessile. Calyx deeply 5-cleft ; segments un-
equal. Corolla tubular, white inside.
Four-valved-capsi\\ed Tobacco. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811.
PI. 1 to U foot.
32 N. na'na (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 833.) plant dwarf; leaves
lanceolate, pilose : radical ones longer than the solitary flowers ;
corolla longer than the calyx, with obtuse segments. ©. H.
Native of North America, among the rocky mountains. Calyx
turbinate, clothed with glandular hairs. Corolla white, downy
outside. Flowers rising from the axils of the leaves. The In-
dians are said to prepare the finest of their tobacco from the
leaves of this species.
SOLANACEiE. XVI. Nicotiana. XVII. Sairanthus. XVIII. Lehmannia. XIX. Petunia.
467
I
Z)«'rt»/ Tobacco. Fl. June. Clt. 1823. PI. i foot.
33 N. multiva'lvis (Lindl. bot. rcg. t. 1057.) clothed with
viscid hairs or down ; leaves fleshy, ovate-lanceolate : lower
ones petiolate ; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx many-parted ;
capsule many-celled ; segments of corolla obtuse, deeply veined.
0. H. This species is cultivated by the Indians, who inhabit
the banks of the Columbia, for tobacco ; for which purpose the
calyx, which is very fetid, is selected in preference to any other
part. Calyx inflated, ribbed. Corolla ventricose at the base ;
limb spreading, usually 6-cleft. Stamens equal in number to
the segments of the corolla.
Majii/-valced-ca])su\ed Tobacco. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1826.
PI. 2 feet.
"j" Species not sujjicienthj known.
34 N. CRisPA (Cav. descr. p. 105.) leaves lanceolate-linear,
curled, villous, clammy, petiolate ; panicles dichotomous. ©.
H. Native of North America, about San Bias. Stem slender,
hard, villous. Branches alternate, forked at top. Leaves
shorter than in A^. angiistifdlia, undulated. Calyx villous. Tube
of corolla 5 inches long ; limb small.
Cur/er/-leaved Tobacco. PI.
35 N. ala'ta (Link et Otto, abbild. p. 63.) stem erect, glan-
dularly pilose ; leaves oblong and lanceolate, repandly-toothed,
scabrous, glandularly ciliated ; teeth of calyx long, acute ; tube
of corolla very long; segments obtuse. ©. H. Native of
Brazil.
;f7n^ed Tobacco. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1829. PI. 2 feet?
36 N. TENELLA (Cav. dcscr. p. 105.) stem herbaceous,
filiform ; leaves sessile, acute : radical and lower ones ovate :
superior ones lanceolate. ©. H. Native of Mexico, about
Acapulco. Stem solitary, simple. Radical leaves 2 inches
long, and 1 inch broad. Flowers solitary, axillary, pedicellate,
distant. Tube of corolla slender, Ig inch long ; segments of
the limb acute.
Slender Tobacco. PI. 1 foot.
37 N. Forste'ri (Rcem, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 323.) leaves
lanceolate, subpetiolate, stem-clasping ; flowers acute ; stem
shrubby. Ij . G. Native of the South Sea Islands. N. fruti-
cosa, Forst. floral, insul. austr. prod. p. 17. Lehm. nicot.
p. 51.
Forster's Tobacco. Shrub.
38 N. MINIMA (Molina, voy. du. chili, p. 153. ed. 2d. p.
281.) leaves sessile, ovate ; flowers obtuse. ©. ? H. Native
of Chili. Leaves very like those of Dictdmnus Cretica.
Least Tobacco. PI. small.
39 N. RUGosA (Mill. diet. no. 7.) leaves ovate, rugose, petio-
late. ©. H. Native country unknown. Nicotiana minor
foliis rugosioribus amplioribus, Vaill. Stem tall. Leaves like
those of N. macrophylla, but twice their size, deeper green, and
on longer petioles. Flowers larger than in A'^. ruslica, but the
form is the same. Perhaps only a variety of A^. rustica.
jyrinkled-]eaved Tobacco. Pi. 4 feet.
40 N. silenoi'des (Hort. Prince, Salm. Dyck. Dum. Cours.
ed. 2d. suppl. p. 148. Perhaps the same as A^ suaveolens.
Calchjly-like Tobacco. PI. ?
N.B. The following names are given in Loud. hort. brit.
suppl. p. 594, of which we know nothing ; they are probably
only varieties of TV. Tdbacum. 1. N. Nepalensis, Link et
Otto. 2. N. Brasiliensis, Link et Otto. 3. N. petiolata,
Agardh. 4. N. sanguinea, Link et Otto.
Cult. Most of the kinds of Tobacco are showy when in
blossom, and some of them answer well for decorating flower-
borders, particularly the white flowered species. The seeds
of all require to be reared on a hot-bed in spring, and
when the plants are grown with 2 or 3 leaves, they should
be planted separately into small pots, and placed again in the
frame ; and about the end of May those which are intended for
the flower border should be planted out in conspicuous situa-
tions, and those intended for leaves in rows 3 feet distant, with
tlie balls entire.
XVII. SAIRA'NTHUS (from <raepw, sairo, to cle.an ; and
a>'9oc, ant/ios, a flower ; with reference to the ringent corolla
which separates this genus from Nicotiana.) Nicotiana gluti-
nosa, Lin.
Lin. syst. Didynilmia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulately
ventricose, sub-bilabiate ; limb 5-cleft, with linear-lanceolate,
acutish, unequal segments. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped,
twice as long as the calyx ; tube ventricose above, a little
curved ; limb 5-lobed, rather ringent, spreading a little ; lobes
ovate, acutish, nearly equal. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube,
exserted a little, unequal, directed all to one side of the flower;
filaments filiform, dilated and downy at the base. Anthers
dehiscing lengthwise inside. Style curved at top. Stigma capi-
tately thickened, green. Capsule roundish-ovate, acute, covered
by the permanent calyx, and hardly exceeding it, 2-celled, 2-
valved ; valves at length bipartible at top. Placentas free,
remote from the dissepiment. Seeds very minute, oblong, an-
gular, verrueosely warted. — An erect, branched, villously clammy
herb. Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate, acuminated. Racemes
terminal, erect, secimd. Corollas rose-coloured, clothed with
clammy hairs outside.
1. S. GLUTiNosus ; ©. H. Native of Peru, in temperate
places near Guancabamba, and elsewhere in South America.
Nicotiana glutinosa, Lin spec. 259. Andr. bot. rep. 484. Ruiz,
et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 16. Lehm. nicot. 32. N. militaris, Lin.
act. holm. 1753. vol. 15. p. 44. t. 2. Tabacus viridis, Moench.
meth. p. 448. The whole plant is clammy and villous.
C/ammy Sairanthus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to
4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Petunia below.
XVIII. LEHMA'NNIA (named in honour of Professor
John George Christian Lehmann, of Hamburgh ; author of
Aperifolise nuciferse, and Generis Nicotianarum Historia, and
many other botanical papers.) Spreng. anleit. ed. 2d. 1817. 1.
p. 458. Nicotiana species, Ruiz, et Pav.
Lin. syst. Penidndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, bila-
biate : segments nearly equal, spreading. Corolla irregular ;
with a very narrow incurved tube, which exceeds the calyx a
little ; throat thickened ; limb campanulate, with acute seg-
ments. Genitals exserted, recurved. Capsule ovate, half co-
vered by the calyx. Seeds angular, wrinkled. — An erect,
woody, rather clammy shrub, divided into many angular branch-
es. Leaves scattered, lanceolate, decurrent, acute, quite entire,
white, with purple veins. Panicles large, diffuse, clammy, vil-
lous. Corolla glabrous, purple.
1 L. tomentosa (Spreng, 1. c.) h^ • G. Native of Peru, in
corn fields, and in waste places. Nicotiana tomentosa, Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 16. t. 129. f. a. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 94.
Toinentose Lehmannia. Shrub 15 to 20 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Petunia below.
XIX. PETU'NIA (Petun or Petum is the name of tobacco
in Brazil ; the name is given to this genus on account of its
affinity with Nicotiana.) Juss. in ann. mus. 2. p. 215. t. 47.
f. 2. Pers. ench. 1. p. 218. Sweet, fl. gard. 1 19.— Nicotiana
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentindria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft;
segments oblong, subspatulate. Corolla salver-shaped, with a
cylindrical tube, which is a little widened at top, and a spread-
3 o 2
468
SOLANACE^. XIX. Petunia. XX. Nierembergia.
ing, dilated, 5-lobed, obtuse, uneqtial limb. Stamens unequal,
inclosed ; anthers roundish, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma capi-
tate, slightly 2-lobed. Capsule girded by the calyx below, 2-
celled, 2-valved at apex, many-seeded. Seeds minute. — Diffuse,
pubescently villous, evergreen, herbaceous plants. Leaves
alternate, on short petioles. Flowers axillary, pedicellate, white,
shape of those of Mirtibilis dicliotomus.
1 P. NYCTAGiNiFLORA (Juss. 1. c. p. 216. t. 47. f. 2.) herba-
ceous, diffuse, clothed with clammy, glandular villi ; lower
leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, pubescent, attenuated
into the petioles at the base : floral leaves sessile, cordate-ovate,
opposite ; flowers axillary, pedunculate ; corolla large, having
the tube 3-4 times longer than the calyx, and the limb broad
and obtuse. Tf.. F. Native of South America, at the mouth
of the river Plata. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 375. Tratt. tab. t. 72.
Sweet, fl. gard. 119. Sims, bet. mag. t. 2552. Nicotiana
axillaris. Lam. ill. no. 2287. Nicotiana nyctaginiflora, Lehm.
nicot. p. 20. Branched. Stem hairy. Leaves pubescent.
Pedicels villous, furnished with 2 opposite leaves at the base.
Calyx pubescently villous, with unequal, oblong, obtuse, spread-
ing, foliaceous segments. Corollas large, white, clammy, downy
outside, similar to those of Mirdbilis, hence the specific name.
Marvel-of-Feru-Jiowcrcd Petunia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1823.
PL 2 to 4 feet.
2 P. PARViFLORA (Juss. 1. c. p. 21C. t. 47. f. 1.) herbaceous,
prostrate ; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse, thiekish ; corollas
small, hardly longer than the calyx ; segments of the limb
obtuse. %. F. Native of South America, at the mouth of
the river Plata. Pers. ench. 1. p. 218. Stems many from the
same root, rather villous. Leaves small, size of those of a
species of Cerdslium, downy. Segment of calyx oblong, blunt-
ish, foliaceous, spreading. Corolla coarctate in the middle,
red ; limb plicate. Capsule inclosed in the calyx.
Small-Jlowered Petunia. PI. prostrate.
3 P. interme'dia ; clothed with short, glandular, clammy,
hoary pubescence; leaves linear, obtuse; peduncles opposite
the leaves, or terminal ; corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube
hardly longer than the calyx, and the segments emarginate ;
style clavate ; capsule 5-ribbed ; calycine segments foliaceous,
unequal. Tj . or 1/ . F. Native of Buenos Ayres, on the
banks of the Parana. Nierembergia intermedia, Graham,
in edinb. phil. journ. 1833. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n.
s. t. 237. Salpiglossis linearis. Hook, in hot. mag. no. 3256, in
a note. Tube of corolla yellow, striated ; throat ventricose,
yellow within ; limb 5-lobed, of a rich purple.
Inlermedialc Vciunm. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1832. PI. | foot.
4 P. viola'cea (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1626.) prostrate, clothed
with clammy hairs or down ; leaves ovate, on short petioles,
acute ; corolla ventricose, with ovate, acute segments ; flowers
solitary, axillary, pedunculate. %. F. Native of Buenos Ayres,
on the Uruquay. Nierembergia punicea, D. Don, in Sweet,
brit. fl. gard. n. s. t. 193. Salpiglossis integrifolia, Hook. bot.
mag. t. 3113. Calycine segments linear-spatulate, obtuse, folia-
ceous. Corollas large, of a rose purple colour ; limb irregular.
Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube. Embryo short,
straight ; albumen copious.
Var. /3, Atkinsiana (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 268.)
leaves ovate, acutish ; calycine segments ligulate ; tube of
corolla twice as long as the calyx. T|. F. A hybrid between
P. nyctaginiflora and P. violacea. In habit it is much like the
former, but the flowers are nearly intermediate between the two
parents, but the colour is almost that of the latter.
F!oZaceo!/.s-flowered Petunia. Fl. July. Clt. 1831. PI. 1
foot.
Cult. The species are all exceedingly elegant plants when in
blossom. In the open border they succeed very well from May
to September ; and large patches of them have a very gaudy
appearance. In autumn a few plants of each species should be
put into pots, and removed to the greenhouse, so as they may
be preserved from the frost of winter. All succeed best in a
light rich soil, and are readily propagated from cuttings. Seeds
of them are also sometimes ripened in this country, by which
they may be increased.
XX. NIEREMBE'RGIA (named in honour of John Euse-
bius Niereniberg, a Spanish Jesuit ; author of Histories Naturae
maxime peregrinae. 1. vol. in folio. Antwerp, 1635.) Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 13. t. 123. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 8. t. 198.
LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft ;
segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped;
with a very long, cylindrical, slender tube ; and a S-lobed, pli-
cate, equal, blunt limb. Stamens 5, exserted ; filaments con-
nate at the base ; anthers dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma pel-
tately 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved in the bottom of
the permanent calyx ; dissepiment parallel with the valves, at
length free. — Stems suftruticose, or herbaceous, filiform, pro-
cumbent, and often creeping. Leaves scattered, solitary, some-
times twin, entire. Flowers extra-axillary, or opposite the
leaves, solitary, almost sessile, white, and tinged with blue
or red.
1 N. cALYciNA (Hook. bot. mag. t. 3371.) clothed with glan-
dular pubescence ; stems herbaceous, procumbent ; leaves op-
posite and alternate, roundish-obovate, petiolate ; peduncles
lateral, 1-flowered, extra-alar, short; calyx large, campanulatc,
with obovate, 3-nerved, foliaceous segments ; corolla with a very
long, slender, cylindrical tube, and a 5-lobed, campanulate limb,
■y . F. Native of Buenos Ayres, on the Uruquay. Sweet, fl.
gard. n. s. t. 319. Corolla rising from the broad calyx ; limb
white, its base alone yellow ; tube yellowish. Habit of Petunia.
Largc-calyxed Nierembergia. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1834.
PI. procumbent.
2 N. spatula'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 8.)
stems woody, creeping ; leaves petiolate, elliptic-spatulate, gla-
brous, rather dow ny, and somewhat ciliated while young ;
calycine segments lanceolate, acute : lower ones a little smaller
and reflexed ; capsule few-seeded. ': . F. Native of New
Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota, and Loxa, at the altitude of
1000 and 1300 hexapods. Stems filiform, prostrate; branches
short, erect, puberulous. Leaves solitary or twin, obtuse or
rounded at apex. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx pilose at bottom,
a little arched. Corolla glabrous ; tube slender, half an inch
long, 4 times longer than the calyx ; limb campanulately funnel-
shaped. Stamens glabrous, membranous, linear. Capsule in
the bottom of the ventricose calyx.
Spatidale-\ea\e(\. Nierembergia. PI. creeping.
3 N. re'pens (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 13. t. 123. f. c.)
stems creeping at the base, but erectish at top, and filiform ;
leaves in fascicles of 5 or 6, oblong, obtuse, rather pilose ;
flowers sessile. %. F. Native of Cliili, about Conception, in
dry sandy pastures. Leaves | an inch long, and 2-3 lines
broad. Corolla white, with a yellow throat, and with 3 purple
lines on each of the segments of the limb.
Creeping Nierembergia. Fl. Cult. PI. 1 foot.
4 N. angustifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 9. t.
198.) stems herbaceous tufted, diffuse ; leaves sessile, linear-
lanceolate, glabrous ; calycine segments linear, acute, equal ;
capsule many-seeded. 14 • F- Native of Mexico, near Real
del Monte, at the altitude of 1430 hexapods. Flowers opposite
the leaves, on short pedicels. Corolla glabrous, white ; tube
longer than the calyx ; limb campanulately urceolate, not plicate.
Narrow-leaved Nierembergia. PI. diffuse.
SOLANACEiE. XX. Nierembergia. XXI. Salpiglossis. XXII. Schizantiius.
469
5 N. pube'scens (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 615.) leaves oblong-
linear, clothed with glandular hairs ; capsule 2-valved, many-
seeded ; stem woody, diffuse. Ij . F. Native of Monte Video.
Doirmj Nicrembergia. Shrub diffuse.
6 N. gracilis (Hook. hot. mag. t. 3108.) downy ; steins
erectish ; leaves linear, subspatulate, obtuse ; calycine segments
linear, bluntish, much shorter than the tube of the corolla;
flowers terminating the young branches; lobes of corolla rounded,
obtuse. %. F. Native of Buenos Ayres, about the Uruquay.
D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 172. Corolla with a very
long slender tube ; the limb white, streaked with purple, with a
yellow centre.
Slender Nierembergia. Fl. Julv, Aug. Clt. 1831. PI. I
foot.
7 N. filicau'lis (Lindl. bot. reg. 1649. Hook. hot. mag. t.
3370.) glabrous, erect, filiform ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute,
or obtuse ; peduncles o])posite the leaves, 1-flowered ; tube of
corolla glandular, as well as the filaments. %. F. Native of
Buenos Ayres. D. Don, Sweet, fl. gard. no. 243. N. lina-
riaefolia, Graham. Stems ascending. Corolla with a slender
tube. Calycine segments acuminated, equal in length to the
tube of the corolla. Limb of corolla lilac, with a yellow centre.
Stamens as if they were monadelphous, as in the rest. Corolla
variable in colour from almost white to purplish.
Thread-stemmed Nierembergia. Fl. Clt. PI, J to 1 foot.
8 N. arista'ta (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 255.)
smoothish ; leaves linear, acuminated ; calycine segments acu-
minated, much shorter than the tube of the corolla ; stigma
peltate ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; limb of corolla spread-
ing : lobes rounded, slightly crenulated. ^. F. Native of
Buenos Ayres, on the banks of the Parana. Corolla white,
suffused with purple, with the mouth of a deeper colour, glan-
dular outside.
Awned-ca\yx.eii. Nierembergia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1832.
PI. ;| to J foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Petunia, p. 468.
XXI. SALPIGLO'SSIS (from aaXiriyi,, salpinx, a tube ;
and yXwaaa, glossa, a tongue ; in reference to the tongue-
shaped style in the tube of the corolla.) Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 1 .
p. 163. Pers. ench. 2. p. 169. Hook. exot. fl. t. 229.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-angled, 5-
cleft, funnel-shaped, gradually widening to the top ; limb 5-
cleft, plicate ; segments 2-lobed. Stamens 4, 2 long, and 2
short, with the rudiment of a fifth between the two longer ones.
Style tongue-shaped at apex ; stigma truncate, transverse.
Capsule ovate, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bipartible ; dissepi-
ment contrary, placentiferous on
both sides. Seeds erect, angu- FIG. 40.
lar, a little compressed, truncate,
scabrous from elevated dots.
Embryo arched, with short oval
cotyledons. — Annual or bien-
nial plants clothed with glandu-
lar, clammy hairs, natives of
Peru and Chili. Stem panieu-
lately branched at top ; branches
dichotomous, forked. Corolla
large, purple, or straw-coloured,
or variegated. Leaves alter-
nate : lower ones petiolate, si-
nuated : upper ones narrower,
entire.
1 S. sinua'ta (Ruiz, et Pav.
syst. p. 163.) plant clothed with
glandular hairs ; lower leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, sinu-
ated : upper ones sessile, lanceolate-linear, quite entire ; stem
paniculately branched at top ; branches racemose, dichotomous ;
filaments glandularly pilose. $ . H. Native of Chili. S. atro-
purpiirea, Graham in bot. mag. 2811. Sweet, fl. gard. 271.
Corollas large, dark purple, sometimes almost black, orantre-
colourcd in the centre, and striped with deeper coloured veins.
lar. fl, plcta ; corolla elegantly variegated with yellow and
bluish purple. $ . H. Native of Chili. S. picta, Sweet, (1.
gard. t. 258. S. straminea, jj, picta. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3365.
Var. y, straminea; corolla cream-coloured, veined with blue.
$ . H. Native of Valparaiso. S. straminea, Hook. exot. fl. t.
229. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 231.
Var. S, Darclayana ; corolla striped with brown and yellow.
$ . H. A hybrid. S. intermedia, Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 112.
S. Barclayana, Penny, mss.
Sinuated-leaved Salpiglossis. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt, 1824.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Schizanlhus, below.
Showy plants, worth the cultivator's care.
XXII. SCHIZA'NTHUS (from axi'Coy, scliizo, to cut; and
ai'Qoc, anlhos, a flower ; in reference to irregularly cut or divided
corolla.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 13. t. 17. Hook. exot.
bot. 3044. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. no. 201.
Lin. syst. Diiindria, Alonogynia. Calvx 5-parted, nearly
equal. Corolla with a narrow, short tube, and a 4-parted,
irregular, shapeless limb, wliich is plicate in aestivation. Sta-
mens 4, the 2 upper ones sterile ; filaments altogether adnata ;
anthers inserted by the base, 2-celled ; cells confluent at apex.
Ovarium 2-celled, seated on a fleshy disk ; stigma compressed,
obtuse : lobes connate. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded ; valves
bifid. Dissepiment parallel. Placentas 2, spongy. Seeds
cochlcate, tubercled. Albumen flesliy. Embryo arched, with
a cylindrical, obtuse radicle, which is twice as long as the coty-
ledons.— Annual glandular herbs, natives of Chili. Leaves bi-
pinnatifid. Flowers somewhat racemose, variegated. A pecu-
liar acid secretion is given out by the glandular hairs, first
pointed out by Miss JNIurray, a young lady of eminent botanical
taste and knowledge.
1 S. i'Inna'tus (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 13. t. 17.) fructi-
ferous peduncles inflexed at top, secund ; lateral segments of
the lower lip of tlie corolla longer than the intermediate one,
which is obcordate : upper segment of the corolla cuneate,
emarginate. ©. H. Native of Chili. Hook. exot. fl. 73.
Ker. bot. reg. 725. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2404. Corolla rose-
coloured, almost approaching to white towards the centre ; the
2 lateral segments cut into blunt, spatulate, sometimes emargin-
ate lobes ; the lower lip deep, reddish-purple ; the lower part
of the upper segment yellow and spotted.
Far. ji, hiimilis (Lindl. bot. reg. 1562. D. Don, in Sweet, fi.
gard. t. 197.) stature more humble; leaves lyrate : segments
roundish, crenated, or entire ; racemes crowded. 0. H. Co-
rollas as in the species.
Pi?!«a<e-leaved Schizanthus. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1822. PI.
2 feet.
2 S. poRRiGENS (Graham, in Hook. exot. fl. t. 86.) fructifer-
ous pedicels spreading, straightish ; tube of corolla shorter
than the calyx ; lateral segments of the lower lip longer than
the middle one : upper segment oblong, obtuse. ©. H.
Native of Chili. Hook. bot. mag. 2521. Lateral segments
of corolla doubly lobed ; lobes bilid, obtuse, but not deep.
Lower lip of flower violet or purple ; the rest of the corolla
pale red, except the centre of^ the upper segment, which is
yellow.
^/)rearf<njO--peduncled Schizanthus. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1822.
PI. 2 feet.
470
SOLANACE^. XXII. Schizanthus. XXIII. Scopolia. XXIV. Physochlaina.
3. S. RETu'sus (Hook. bot. mag. 3045. Lindl. bot. reg.
1544. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. ::301.) fructiferous
peduncles erect ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ; lateral
segments of the lower lip shorter tlian the middle one, which is
sagittate; upper segment rhomboid-oblong, retuse. ©. H.
Native of the Andes of Chili, Dr. Gillies. Plant lively green.
Leaves like those of the other species, deeply and interruptedly
pinnatifid, almost pinnate, similar to those of Tansy ; the seg-
ments lanceolate, rather blunt ; and the primary ones deeply
pinnatifid. Corolla pale violet ; the lateral segments of an uni-
form lake colour, doubly 2-lobed ; the lobes blunt, unequal,
and divaricate ; lower lip of a deep reddish purple, tripartite ;
the lateral segments linear, obtuse : the upper segment of the
corolla yellow, marked with dark brown spots, veiny beneath,
the edges revolute, with a cucullate base ; the ends lilac.
Rctuse-^owexeA Schizanthus. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1831.
PI. 2 feet.
4 S. Hooke'ri (Gillies, mss. Graham, in edinb. phil. journ.
1830. Hook, in bot. mag. 3070.) pedicels erect; tube of
corolla much longer than the calyx, and about equal in length to
the limb ; middle segment of the lower lip bicornute, much
longer than the lateral ones, which are linear ; upper segment,
or upper li|) long-acuminated. ©. H. Native of Chili. The
whole corolla is of a pale rose-colour, except the middle of the
upper segment, which is yellovv'. Leaves interruptedly bipinna-
titid, like those of the other species.
Hooker's Schizanthus. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1828. PL 2
feet.
5 S. Graha'mii (Hook, in bot. mag. 3044.) fructiferous pe-
duncles erect ; tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx ;
lateral segments of the lower lip equal in length to the middle
one, which is bifid: upper lip or segment ovate, acuminated.
0. H. Native of Chili, Dr. Gillies. Lateral segments of the
corolla doubly bifid, obtuse, like those of other species, of a
lilac colour, as well as the lower lip : upper lip or segment
yellow, tipped with lilac. Leaves like those of the other species.
Graham's Schizanthus. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1831. PI. 2
feet.
Cull. Schizanthus is a genus of the most elegant, most
handsome, and showy annual plants. They succeed well if the
seed be sown in the open border early in spring ; or the plants
may be reared in autumn, and preserved in a greenhouse or
frame during winter if they are wanted to blossom early
in summer ; they may also be reared on a hot-bed in early
spring, and the sets in part planted out in the open border, and
the remainder grown singly in pots, and placed in the green-
house. A light fresh earth, not too rich, will be found to suit
the species best ; and if they are to be kept in the green-
house, a free admission of air and light is absolutely necessary
to preserve them in health and vigour, and to give the flowers
their proper tints of colour.
XXIII. SCOPO'LIA (named in honour of John Anthony
Scopoli, a celebrated professor, and author of Methodus Planta-
rum, in 8vo. Vienna, 1754, Flora Carniolica, 1 vol. Svo. Vienna,
1760, and a second edition in 1772, and several other botanical
works.) Jacq. obs. 1. p. 32. t. 20. — Scopolina Schultes, cestr.
fl. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 335. — Hyoc^amus Scopolia, Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentindria, Monogijii'ui. Calyx campanulate, 5-
cleft, mutic. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft, 3 times longer than
the calyx ; segments obtuse, rather deep. Stamens approxi-
mate, bent towards the lower side of the corolla. Capsule cir-
cumcised, or opening transversely. Seeds reniform, scabrous.
— An erect, glabrous plant, with many stems rising from the
same root, which are bifid at top. Leaves petiolate, wrinkled a
little, alternate, solitary, or twin. Flowers axillary, solitary,
pedunculate, drooping, rising from the twin leaves. Corollas
campanulate, dingy, or dusky purple.
1 S. Carniolica (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 32. t. 20.) %. H. Native
of Carniola, Hungary, Bavaria, &c. in woods. Hyocyamus
Scopolia, Lin. spec. St. Hil. 20. t. 6. Sims, bot. mag. t.
112G. Scopolina atropoides, Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 2d. no.
844. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 312. Leaves ovate-oblong,
entire : cauline ones alternate, solitary ; but those under the
fork of the stem are 3 in a whorl, or 3 together : on the
branches they are twin, having a solitary, pedunculate, drooping
flower rising from between each of the pairs of leaves.
Carniolian Scopolia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1780. PI. 1 fool.
Cult. A light dry soil, and a shady situation suit this plant
best. It is very desirable, as it flowers early in spring when
very few hardy herbaceous border flowers are in blossom. It
is easily increased by divisions of the root.
XXIV. PHYSOCHLATNA (from fvna, p/iysa, a bladder ;
and x^«<»'«> chlaina, an outer garment ; in reference to tlie in-
flated calyx.) Hyocyanms species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx sub-inflated, 5-
toothed ; teeth ovate, obtuse. Corolla campanulately funnel-
shaped, widening gradually to the mouth, slightly 5-lobed ; lobes
short, obtuse. Stamens 5, exserted ; filaments fixed to the bot-
tom of the corolla, hairy at the base. Stigma dilated. Anthers
dehiscing lengthwise at the sides. Capsule similar to that of
Hyocyamus. — Herbaceous perennial plants. Stems simple, many
from the same root. Leaves alternate, solitary, entire. Flowers
fascicled, capitately corymbose, terminal. Corollas dark purple.
1 P. pHYSALof DES ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, somewhat
repand, or quite entire ; flowers pedicellate, terminal, capitately
corymbose ; genitals a little shorter than the corolla ; fructifer-
ous calyx inflated, angular, glabrous, mutic, much larger than
the capsule. %. H. Native of several parts of Siberia, as
among rocks on the mountains at the river Tscharysch and
Irtysch ; and also on Mount Arkat, in the Kirghisean steppe.
Hyocyamus physaloides, Lin. amoen. acad. 7. t. 6. f. 1. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 852. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 13. A'tropa physaloides,
Georgi, beschr. russ. Reichs. nachtr. p. 261. — Gmel. fl. sib.
4. p. 93. no. 49. Root creeping a little. The whole plant
glabrous. Stems simple or branched, scaly at the base. Leaves
dark green, smoothish, ovate, truncate at the base, quite entire
or repand. Corolla purplish-violet.
Physalis-Uke Physoclaina. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1777.
PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
2 P. orienta'lis ; leaves petiolate, deltoid-ovate, repand, or
entire, acute, downy ; flowers pedicellate, fasciculately and capi-
tately corymbose ; genitals a little exserted ; fructiferous
calyx tumid, downy, mutic, much larger than the capsule. %.
H. Native of Iberia, in hidden places about Narzana. Hyocy-
amus orientalis, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 164. Sweet, fl. gard. t.
12. Sims, bot. mag. 2414. Hyocyamus orientalis bet£e folio
tuberosa radice, Tourn. cor. p. 5. Stem villous. Corolla pale
purplish-blue. This is very like P. •physaloides ; but differs in
the higher stature, and more robust habit ; in the herb being
pale green, and more downy ; the calyx being longer ; and in
the tube of the corolla widening gradually to the top ; in the
genitals being usually exserted ; and in the calyx being less in-
flated, and hardly twice as long as the capsule.
OWentoZ Physoclaina. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1821. PI. 1
to 1 1 foot.
Cull. The species of Physochlaina are extremely desirable
plants ; being early flowerers, and elegant when in blossom.
They will grow in any soil, and are readily propagated by divi-
SOLANACE^. XXV. Hvocyamus.
471
sions of tlie root, or by seed. They are well adapted for deco-
rating borders in early spring.
XXV. HYOCY'AIMUS (from vg ioc, hi/s liijos, a hog ; and
Kvaiwg, kyamos, a bean, hog-bean ; these animals, according to
jElian, being poisoned with it, unless drenched with water without
and within.) Tourn. inst. p. 118. t. 42. Brunf. 224. Rivin. mon.
t. 102. Lin. gen. no. 247. Schreb. gen. no. 333. Juss. gen.
p. 124. ed.. Usteri, p. 139. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 369. t. 7C.
Lam. ill. t. 117. f. 1. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 77.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, ]\lo7iogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft,
permanent, ventricose at the base. Corolla campanulately fun-
nel-shaped ; limb rather oblique, 5-cleft ; segments obtuse, one
of which is much larger than the rest. Stamens inclinate.
Stigma capitate. Capsule immersed in the calyx, 2-celled, many-
seeded, operculate. Placenta fixed to the dissepiment. Seeds
excavated and angular. — Coarse, clammy, downy, fetid, canes-
cent herbs. Leaves decurrent, stem-clasping, sinuated. Flow-
ers axillary, sessile, racemose, alternate, unilateral, disposed in
2 rows, dirty yellow, veined with purple, or yellow with a dark
bottom.
1 H. ni'ger (Lin. spec. 257. hort. cliff. 56. fl. suec. no.
199.) clothed with clammy villi ; stem branched ; leaves sessile,
semi-decurrent, stem-clasping, sinuated ; flowers almost sessile ;
corolla reticulated ; teeth of calyx nuicronate. ^ . H. Native
throughout Europe and Caucasus ; and of the North of Lidia,
among rubbish ; but always near the habitation of man ; in
many parts of Britain, among rubbish, and on dunghills. Oed.
fl. dan. t. 1452. Smith, engl. bot. t. 591. Pursh, Q. amer.
sept. 1. p. 141. Woodv. mad. bot. 143. t. 52. — Blackw. herb,
t. 550. — Plenck, icon. 97. H. flavus, Fuschs. hist. 833. Stem
branched. Radical leaves pinnatifidly sinuated. Corollas pale
yellowish-brown, beautifully reticulated with purple veins; and
with a deep purple bottom. Linnseus says it is not touched by
any quadruped, except perhaps the goat. The English name of
the genus is probably derived from its being noxious to poultry.
In Germany the plant is called Bdscnkraul ; in Dutch Buhen-
kruid ; in Danish Bulsme and Honsebanc ; in Swedish Bohvort
and Honsahale ; in French La Jusquame ; in Italian Guisquicnno,
Favaporcirai ; in Spanish Belena and Velcna ; in Portuguese
Miemendro, Velenho, Yosciavw ; in Russian Belena.
The leaves of henbane have a strong and peculiar smell when
bruised, something like tobacco, especially when burnt ; and on
burning they sparkle as if they contained a nitrate. From the
writings of Dioscorides and others, it appears to have been long
used in the practice of medicine. By Celsus it was applied ex-
ternally as a coUyrium in ophthalmia; for allaying the pain of
toothache; and he gave it internally as an anodyne. Its virtues
depend upon an alkaloid principle discovered by M. Brandes,
which is called hyocyamia. The use of henbane was for a long
period entirely relinquished, until revived by Dr. Stoerk, of
V'ienna, in those cases wliere an anodyne is requisite ; and
where there are objections to the use of opium, it is now much
employed. In a moderate dose it often produces sweat, and
sometimes an eruption of pustules, generally sound sleep, suc-
ceeded by serenity of mind, and recruited vigour of the body ;
but, like other narcotics, instead of these, it sometimes gives rise
to vertigo, headache, and general uneasiness. With some indi-
viduals it occasions vomiting, cholic ])ains, &c. In excessive
doses its efTects are fatal ; general debility, delirium, remarkable
dilatation of the pupils of the eyes, convulsions, and death.
Upon the whole, like opium, it is a powerful anodyne ; and, like
cicuia, it is free from any constipating effects, having rather a
contrary tendency. It is employed in wandering rheumatic
pains, in indurations of the mammee, painful swellings — whether
schirrous or not, scrofulous and cancerous ulcers, &c. : under
the form of a cataplasm of the bruised leaves, with bread and
milk ; of an ointment made of powder of the leaves, with wax
and oil ; of a simple powder sprinkled on the sore, or of a de-
coction with milk as an injection. An infusion, prepared by
digesting the bruised leaves in olive oil, is also usefully ap-
plied in inflammations of the bowels, kidneys, urethra, &c. An
extract from the leaves, or from the seeds, is the form in which
it is given internally ; and it has been used with advantage in a
variety of nervous affections, as mania, melancholia, epilepsy,
hysteria, S:c. ; in glandular swellings ; in obstinate ulcerations ;
to allay inordinate action, or to mitigate pain. Its dose may be
gradually increased from half a grain : CuUen pushed it to the
length of 30 grains to a dose.
The extract of henbane has lately been much used by ocu-
lists, for dilating the pupils of the eyes ; in order to facilitate
the extr:!Ction or breaking down of the cataract ; to diminish
sensibility ; to destroy adhesions ; to reduce protrusions of the
iris, and to dilate contraction of the pupil. The mode of appli-
cation is by dropping a few drops of solution of the extract into
the eye, or applying them with a camel's-hair pencil. The
greatest effect is produced in about 4 hours, and it is generally
over in 12 hours; and vision is not impaired during its ac-
tion.
Black or Common Henbane. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
2 H. agre'stis (Kit. ex Schultes, osstr. fl. ed. 2d. p. 383.)
stem simple, downy ; leaves smoothish, sessile, semi-decurrent,
sinuately toothed ; flowers sessile ; corolla reticulated. Q. H.
Native of Bohemia, Austria, Hungary; as well as of the North
of India, in corn-fields. Mart, et Koch. fl. germ. 2. p. 225.
Sweet, fl. gard. 1. t. 27. H. niger, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 237.
H. niger, /i, agrestis, Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 77. H. niger,
/3, annuus, Sims, bot. mag. 2394. H. Bohemicum, Schmidt, fl.
bohem. no. 230.? Flowers rather smaller than those of//.
niger, and darker in colour.
/'(e/rf Henbane. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot.
3 H. pa'llidus (Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. enum. 1. p. 228.)
leaves stem-clasping, angular ; radical ones angularly toothed ;
flowers sessile; corolla one colour. ©. H. Native of Hungary.
Very like H. niger ; but differs from it in the root being an-
nual, and in the flowers being yellow, without any purple
veins.
P«?e-flowered Henbane. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1815. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
4 H. a'lbus (Lin. spec. 257. hort. cliff. 56.) leaves peti-
olate : lower ones orbicular, entire ; the rest from cordate to
ovate at the base, sinuated; flowers sessile. ©. H. Native
from the South of Europe to Tauria, among rubbish, on walls,
and on road sides near the sea. Lam. ill. t. 117. f. 2. Mill,
fig. t. 149. Sibth. et Smith, fl. greec. t. 230. St. Hil. pi. fr.
45. t. 5.— Bull. herb. t. 99.— Sabb. hort. 1. t. 191 — Blackw.
t. 111. — Besl. eyst. 8. t. 8. f. 2. Plant clothed with white
hairs. Calycine segments ovate : lower ones the smallest.
Corolla yellow, or greenish-yellow, with a white or greenish
bottom. The corolla varies, with the base dark purple or
green ; hence Miller has made two species, H. major and //.
7ilbus. The first of these having the flowers on short pedicels,
of a pale yellow colour, with very dark purple bottoms ; and
growing naturally on islands of the Archipelago. This is the
H. major, albo similis, umbilico floris atropurpureo, Tourn. cor.
p. 5 ; the plant figured in Flora Graeca. The second has the
flowers in larger bunches, sessile on the ends of the branches, of
a greenish-yellow colour, with green bottoms. This is a native
472
SOLANACE^. XXV. Hyocyamus. XXVI. Datura.
FIG. 41.
of the South of Europe ; and is the H. major albo similis, um-
bilico floris virente, Jussieu, and is the plant figured by Miller.
There is also the var. tnnior. Clus. hist. 2. p. 84. f. 1.
While Henbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1570. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
5 H. va'rians (Vis. in bot. zeit. 1829. p. 7.) plant woolly,
viscid ; leaves petiolate, sinuately lobed, obtuse : lower ones
subcordate : floral ones ovate, attenuated at the base, almost
entire ; flowers racemose, secund, almost sessile: lower ones on
long pedicels ; tube of corolla incurved, dark purple inside, at
leno-th becoming green ; limb irregular ; the 3 superior lobes
larn-e and flat. ©. H. Native of Dalmatia, on walls, and in
waste places. — An intermediate plant between H. alius and H.
(lurciis. Anthers lilac, at length white.
Varying Henbane. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 H. au'reus (Lin. spec. 257.
syst. 220. hort. clift". 56.) leaves
petiolate, cordate-ovate, acute,
angularly toothed ; flowers pe-
dicellate ; the 3 larger segments
of the corolla undulated. %..
F. Native of the Levant, Can-
dia, and the South of France.
Curt. bot. mag. 87. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. grasc. t. 231. — Bull,
herb. t. 20. H. Creticus luteus
major et minor, Tourn. inst. p.
118. H. Creticus, Park, theatr.
362. f. 8. — Mor. hist. sect. 5.
t. 11. f. 4.— Alp. exot. 99. t.
98. The whole plant is clothed
with clammy hairs. Leaves un-
dulated. Teeth of calyx short,
roundish-ovate, mucronate. Co-
rolla yellow, with a deep violaceous bottom ; limb cleft at the
side. Stamens and anthers violaceous. Capsules drooping.
&'oWc«-flowered Henbane. Fl. March, Oct. Clt. 1640.
PI. 1 foot.
7 H. sENEcioNis (Willd. enum. 1. p. 228.) leaves petiolate,
. somewhat 3-lobed, deeply toothed ; flowers pedicellate ; seg-
ments of the limb of the corolla equal, flat. % . F. Native of
Egypt. The whole plant is clothed with clammy hairs. Caly-
cine segments ovate, acute. Corolla yellow, purplisli in the
bottom, as well as the base of the stamens ; limb not cleft at
the side. Anthers white.
Groundsel-\We Henbane. Fl. March, Oct. Clt. 1812. PI.
1 foot.
8 H. mu'ticus (Lin. tnant. p. 45. syst. 220.) leaves petiolate,
ovate, acute-angled ; flowers pedicellate ; calyxes mutic ; brac-
teas undivided. $ . H. Native of Egypt and Arabia ; and the
Levant. H. albus iEgypticus, Alp. exot. 193. t. 192.? H.
minor, Mill. diet. no. 4. H. beta-folius, Lam. diet. 3. p. 329.
H. minor, albo similis, umbilico floris atropurpureo, Tourn. cor.
p. 5. Plant downy. Corolla yellow outside, dark purple in-
side ; the 2 lower segments wliite, smaller, at length the whole
becomes white ; limb cleft. Stamens puiple.
il/u(ic-calyxed Henbane. Fl. March, April. Clt 18''2
PI. 1 foot.
9 H. Dat6r.e (Forsk. ffigypt. arab. p. 45.) leaves petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, a little toothed ; flowers nearly sessile ; floral
leaves or bracteas entire. Tj . F. Native of Egypt, in deserts
about Cairo. Plant villous. Calyx 5-toothed. Flowers dis-
posed in long secund spikes, 3 at the top of each stem. Corolla
villous outside, and yellowish, violaceous inside, white between
the lower segments. Stamens villous at the base. The corolla
in the plant cultivated is yellow, with a dark purple bottom,
very like those of//, aureus. It is perhaps the Nepenthes of
Homer.
Dalora Henbane. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1829. Shrub li
foot.
10 H. Canarie'nsis (Ker. bot. reg. t. 180.) shrubby, pilose;
lower leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, angular, obtuse : floral
ones ovate or elliptic, entire ; flowers pedicellate. I; . G. Na-
tive of the Canaries. Corolla yellow, with a dark purple, or
almost black eye or throat.
Canary Island Henbane. Fl. Year. Clt. 1816. Shrub li
foot.
11 H. pusi'llus (Lin. syst. 220. mant. p. 339.) leaves petio-
late, oblong-lanceolate, a little toothed ; flowers pedicellate ;
teeth of calyx mucronulately and spinosely-cuspidate. 0. H.
Native of Persia. Lin. hort. cliff. 56. ups. p. 44. — Plukn. phyt.
t. 37. f. 5. Plant pilose. Leaves tapering into the petioles :
floral ones entire. Calyx nearly as long as the corolla. Corolla
small, yellow, with a violaceous bottom ; the lower side divided
beyond the limb, ex Lin.
Least Henbane. Fl. July. Clt. 1691. PI. i to 1 foot.
12 H. micra'ntiius (Ledeb. mss.) leaves petiolate, oblong:
radical ones pinnatifid : cauline ones toothed, or entire ; flowers
nearly sessile ; teeth of calyx mucronate. ©. H. Native of
Altaia, on the dry and rocky mountains of Arkaul, and Dolen-
kara, Tschingis-tau ; and on the mountains of Kalmy-Tologoi,
in the Kirghisean Steppe, Falck. H. pusillus, Led. fl. alt. 1. p.
228, but not of Lin. Stem simple, or branched, sparingly
pilose. Leaves nearly glabrous. Calyx attenuated towards the
base ; teeth elongated, lanceolate, mucronate. Corolla small,
hardly longer than the calyx, yellow, with a deep violet bottom ;
the lower side cleft even to the middle of the tube. Capsule
shorter than the calyx.
Small-foviered Henbane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. PI. k
foot.
13 H. auricula'tus (Tenore, fl. nap. prod. p. 16. syn. p.
38.) stem erect, simple ; leaves ovate, petiolate, sinuated, acute ;
petioles winged, auricled at the base ; flowers sessile ; corollas
yellow, reticulated with purple veins at bottom. ©. H. Native
of Naples, in the fields of Abellino.
y^iiric/erf-petioled Henbane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Henbane are plants of the most easy
culture. The seeds of the annual and biennial kinds only
require to be sown in the open ground. The half shrubby, or
herbaceous kinds are well fitted for decorating rockwork during
summer ; but in winter they need protection by being covered
with haulm of other plants, or by being preserved in pots in the
gi-een-house ; and they are readily increased by cuttings and
seeds.
Tribe III. DATU'REjE (the plants contained in this tribe
agree with the genus Datiira in the characters given below.)
Limb of corolla plicate in aestivation, repandly 5-10-toothed.
Capsule coriaceous, succulent, 2-celled, 4-valved ; placentas
septiform, free. Seeds reniform. Stamens 5, inclosed.
XXVI. DATU'RA (said to be a corruption of the Arabic
name of one of the species tatorah.) Lin. gen. 246. Schreb.
gen. 332. Juss. gen. 125. ed. Usteri. p. 139. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 5. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 73.
— Stramonium, Tourn. inst. 43, 44.
Lin. syst. Pentandr'm, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, angular,
5-toothed, falling off' at top, leaving only the orbicidar base ;
limb 5-cleft, irregular. Corolla conically funnel-shaped ; limb
plicate, repandly 5-10-toothed ; teeth drawn out. Stamens
SOLANACE^. XXVI. Datura.
473
usually inclosed. Stigma 2-lobetl. Capsule coriaceous, succu-
lent, 2-celleil, 4-valvetl, many-seeded. Placentas septiforni,
free. Seeds renitbrnr — Poisonous annual herbs. Flowers
alar, solitary, white, or violaceous.
Sect. I. Stramonium (a syncope of crrpvxvai' ftayiKov, the
Greek name for the niadapple ; given to tliis plant on account
of the fruit being the size of a small apple.) Limb of calyx
acutely 5-angled, and acutely 5-lobed, or 5-toothed at apex,
tubular. Margin of corolla acutely 5-angled, or 5-toothed.
Stamens inclosed ; anthers remote. Capsule erect, ovate, 2-
celled at apex, but 4-celled beneath the apex, (but in D.
discolur 2-celled at the base,) dehiscing regularly. Seeds com-
pressed, black, opaque, wrinkled. — Herbaceous annual plants.
Leaves ovate, toothed. Flowers oblique.
^ 1 . Corollas purplish outside, and white inside.
1 D. Di'scoLOR (Bernhardi, in Linnaea, 8. p. 138.) leaves
sharply and sinuately toothed, clothed with hoary down beneath ;
capsule 2-celled, murieated with prickles. 0. H. Native of
the West Indies. Stramonium araericanum minus, Alkekengi
folio, Tourn. inst. p. 119. Boerh. ind. 1. p. 261. Stramonium
Curassavica humilior, hyocyami folio, Herm. par. bat. p. 2'Si],
with a figure.
Tivo-coloured-RowcTedi Thorn-apple. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
§ 2. Corollas white.
2 D. ine'rmis (Jacq. liort. vind. 3. p. 44. t. 82.) leaves ovate,
angularly tootlied, glabrous ; capsule smooth, unarmed. 0.
H. Native of Abyssinia. D. l^Vis, Lin. suppl. 146. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1009. Stramonium lae've, Moench, meth. p. 456.
f^'Harmerf-capsuled Thorn-apple. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1780.
PI. 2 feet.
3 D. fe'rox (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 403.) leaves ovate, angularly
toothed, cuneiform at the base, glaucous ; capsule furnished with
unequal prickles: the upper prickles large and erect. 0. H.
Native of Cochinchina and Nipaul. Mill. diet. no. 4. D.
Stramoniimi, /3, canescens, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 229.
Stramonium ferox, Zan. hist. ed. Mont. p. 212. t. 162. Mor.
hist. 3. p. 607. sect. 15. t. 2. f. 4. Bocc. rar. p. 50. Tourn.
inst. 119.
F/erce Thorn-apple. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
4 D. Stramonium (Lin. spec. 255.) leaves ovate, angularly-
toothed, cuneiform at the base, smoothish, green ; capsule fur-
nished with nearly equal sized spines or prickles. 0. H.
Native of America, but now found almost throughout Europe,
and north of Asia and Africa, among rubbish, and on dung
hills, having escaped from gardens ; always near the habitation
of man. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 15. Pursh, fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 141. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1288. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 6. t.
17. Svensk. bot. t. 43. Oed. fl. dan. t. 436. Woodv. med.
bot. 338. t. 124. Hayne, arz. 4. t. 7. Blackw. off. t. 313.
Bull. herb. t. 13. Plenck, off. t. 96.— Sabb. hort. 1. t. 92.
Stramonium vulgare, Moench. meth. p. 456. Stramonium foe'ti-
dum, Scop. cam. 2. p. 252. Stramonium vulgatum, Gaertn.
fruct. 2. p. 243. t. 132. Stramonium spinosum, Lam. fl. fr. 2.
p. 256. D. loricata, Sieb. coll. sem. D. pseiido-stramonium,
Sieb. herb. mart. 280. D. Capensis, Hort. Stramonium fructu
spinoso oblongo, flore albo, Tourn. inst. p. 119. — Hall. helv. no.
586. D. Turcarum, Besl. eyst. 3. 2. fol. 12. f. 1. a. Thlapatl,
Hern. mex. 278, with a figure.
The leaves of Common Thorn-apple, or Stramonium have a
disagreeable smell and nauseous taste. Every part of the
VOL. IV.
plant is a strong narcotic poison, producing vertigo, torpor, and
death. Dr. Barton mentions the cases of two British soldiers,
who ate it by mistake for Chenophdium album ; one became
furious, and ran about like a madman ; and the other died with
all the symptoms of tetanus. The best antidote to its effects is
vinegar. 'I'he seeds contain the narcotic principle which per-
vades the whole plant, but in a more uniform degree than the
other parts, and hence are more to be depended upon for inter-
nal use. An excellent analysis of the seeds has been published
by Mr. Brandes, in Buchner's repertorium for 1821, and in
which it is shown that its peculiar properties depend upon a
peculiar alkaloid called Daturia.
Dr. Stoerk first tried Stramonium as a remedy in mania and
melancholia with considerable success. It has also been em-
ployed in convulsive and epileptic affections. Dr. Barton of
Philadelphia gives it in powder, beginning with doses of a few
grains, and increasing them in some days to the extent of 15 to
20 grains. In a case in which it was exhibited to the extent of
30 grains it dilated the pupil of one eye, and produced paralysis
of the eyelids, which was removed by a blister. Hufeland
gave it in the form of a tincture prepared of two ounces of the
seeds in four ounces of wine, and one of diluted alcohol, in
diseases of the mind. The inspissated juice of the leaves has
been most commonly used, but its exhibition requires the great-
est caution. At first a quarter of a grain is a sufficient dose.
An ointment prepared from the leaves has been said to give ease
in external inflammations and ha;inorrhoids. And the bruised
leaves, according to Plenck, soften hard, inflamed tuinours.
The smoke of Stramonium has been much extolled for the
cure of asthma. Its use in this manner has been derived from
the East Indies, where, however, other species of Datura are
employed. It is the root and lower part of the stem which is
used in this way. This is dried quickly, and cut into slips, and
used in the manner of tobacco. I'he smoke excites a sense of
heat in the chest, followed by copious expectoration, and some-
times attended with temporary vertigo and drowsiness. In
some cases a perfect cure is effected, but more commonly the
relief is only temporary. Dr. Marcet, med. chirurg. trans. 7.
p. 551, used Stramonium in the form of extract, and the result
of his experience is, that the most common effect of it, when
administered in appropriate doses from ^ to 1 grain, in cases of
chronic disease, attended with acute pain, is to lessen power-
fnlly, and almost immediately, sensibility and pain ; and it
almost always excites those symptoms which are produced by
intoxication.
Stramonium, or Common Thorn-apple. Fl. July, .Sept.
Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 D. trape'zia (Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 74.) leaves ovate,
trapezoid, acute, repandly-toothed, and are, as well as the stem,
downy ; fruit furnished with nearly equal spines or prickles.
©. Fl. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of the Irra-
waddy, Gomez. D. Stramonium, Wall. cat. suppl. no. 278.
Trapezoid-leaved Thorn-apple. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
§3. Corollas violaceous. Stems purplish.
6 D. Ta'tula (Lin. spec. 256. Mill. diet. no. 2. Sweet, fl.
gard. t. 83.) leaves cordate-ovate, angularly toothed, unequal at
the base, glabrous ; capsule furnished with nearly equal spines
or prickles. Q. H. Native of America, but has now become
naturalized in almost all the places along with 7J. Stramonium,
but is less frequent. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 141. Stra-
monium Tatula, Moench, meth. p. 456. Stramonium fructu
spinoso oblongo, flore purpureo, Tourn. inst. p. 119.
Tatula, or Purple Thorn-apple. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1629.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 P
474
SOLANACEiE. XXVI. Datura. XXVII. Brugmansia.
7 D. QUERCiFOLiA (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 7.)
leaves sinuately pinnatifid, hairy on the veins beneath ; capsule
furnished with unequal prickles : the upper prickles the largest.
©. H. Native of Mexico, in temperate places near Zelaya
and Molino de Sarabia, at the altitude of 930 hexapods.
Branches hairy.
Oak-leaved Thorn-apple. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Du'tra (an alteration of the generic name.) Limb
of calyx tubularly ventricose, angular, or terete, 5-lobed at
apex. Margin of corolla 5-10-toothed. .Stamens inclosed,
or a little exserted ; anthers remote. Capsule nearly globose,
more or less drooping, or reflexed, 2-celled at apex, but 4-
celled below the apex, dehiscing irregularly. Seeds pale, or
brownish opaque, compressed, flat in the disk, convex on the
margin, surrounded by 3 wrinkled ribs. — Annual herbs. Flow-
ers oblique, showy.
8 D. a'lba (Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 73.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, repandly toothed, unequal at the base, and are, as
well as the stem, smoothish ; stamens inclosed ; fruit prickly.
O. H. Native every where in the East Indies ; as of Nipaul,
Silhet, Tavoy. D. Metel, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 238. Wall. cat.
2639. Fleming, in asiat. res. 11. p. 165. Hardw. in asiat.
res. 6. p. 351. under D. Stranit>nium. Stramonia I'ndica prima
seu Dutra alba, Rumph, amb. 5. p. 242. t. 87. f. 1. Hu-
mahi, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 47. t. 28. Corollas white.
/''/Hie- flowered Thorn-apple. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
9 D. fastuosa (Mill. diet. no. 6. Lin. spec. p. 256.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, repandly-toothed, ui. equal at the base, and
are, as well as the stem, downy ; fruit tubercled. ©. H.
Native of the East Indies, and Egypt, and of Caraccas. Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 238. Stramonium fastuosum, Moencli, meth. p.
456. D. Coutarena, Alp. exot. p. 181. icone. D. iEgyptiaca,
Vesl. pi. segypt. p. 203. icone.- — Lob. icon. 2()4. Corolla
violaceous outside, and white inside ; teeth of the limb subulate.
Var. j3 ; corollas double and triple, purple outside, and white
inside. ©. H. Native of Malabar. Stramonium Malabari-
cum, fructu glabro, fiore duplici et triplici, Tourn. inst. 119.
— Sabb. hort. rom. 1. t. 93. Mudela-Nila Hummatu, Rheed.
mal. 2. p. 51. t. 30.
Var. y, rubra (Bernhardi, in Linnaea, 8. p. 142.) corolla viola-
ceous ; fruit muricated ; leaves dentately sinuated. 0. H.
Native of the East Indies. Stramonium fructu spinoso ro-
tundo ; flore violaceo simplici, Tourn. inst. 118. There is
also a double flowered variety of thia, the Dutra rubra, Rumph.
amb. 5. p. 243. t. 87. f. 2. Stramonium seu Datiira jEgypti-
aca flore pleno Ponse, Mor. hist. 3. p. 15. t. 2. f. 9. Stramo-
nium fructu spinoso rotundo, flore violaceo duplici triplicive.
Tourn. inst. 119.
Var. i, jianlflbra (Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 74.) corolla
smaller ; calyx more than twice as short as the tube of the
corolla. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, at Prome, Gomez.
Wall. cat. suppl. no. 278.
Prowrf Thorn-apple. Fl. July, .Sept. Clt. 1629. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
10 D. du'bia (Pers. ench. 1. p. 216.) leaves quite entire,
glabrous, as well as the stem ; limb of corolla 5-6-toothed ;
stamens inclosed; capsule smooth, unarmed. 0. H. Native
of the East Indies. D. fastuosa, c, capsulis muticis, Poir.
diet. 7. p. 461. D. Tatula, /J, Poir. 1. c. D. Hammatu, Bern-
hardi, in Linnaea, 8. p. 141. Stramonium Malabaricum, fructu
glabro, flore simplici violaceo, Tourn. inst. 119. Nila Hum-
matu, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 49. t. 29. Corolla violaceous. Per-
haps a variety oi D. fastuosa.
Doubtful Thorn-apple. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
11 D. murica'ta (Bernh. sera. 1818. gart. mag. 4. p. 163,
with a figure. Link. enum. 1. p. 177.) leaves ovate, repand,
when young toothed, ulabrous ; fruit muricated with strong
short prickles, erectish. ©. H. Native country unknown,
but probably of America. D. hiimilis, Desr. hort. par. D.
hybrida, Tenore. ? D. IseVis, Schkvdir, handb. 1. p. 140. under
D. fastuosa. D. fastuosa, fl. albo, Moench. meth. 456. D.
Metel, and D. innoxia, Mill. diet. no. 3 and 5. — Knor. del, 1. t.
s. 12. — Besl. hort. eyst. 2. fol. 11. f. 1. a. Corolla long, white.
The whole plant green. Leaves unequal at the base. Perhaps
the same as D. alba, Nees.
Muricated-t\uhe(\ Thorn-apple. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
12 D. Me'tel (Lin. spec. p. 256.) leaves cordate, quite
entire, or a little toothed, and are, as well as the stem, downy ;
limb of corolla 10-toothed; calyx terete; capsule furnished
with prickles. 0. H. Native of the East Indies, in hot
regions ; Africa, and the Canary Islands. Sims, bot. mag. t.
1440. D. Metel, and D. fruticosa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 212.
D. Metel, et D. inn6xia, Mill. diet. nos. 3 and 5, partly.
Diitra nigra, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 243. Stramonium, fructu
spinoso rotundo, flore albo, Tourn. inst. p. 118. — Ludw. ect. t.
158. — Knip. cent. 1. t. 24. D. Stramonium, Thunb. jap. p. 91,
ex Lour. Corollas large, white.
Metel, or Hairy Thorn-apple. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596.
PI. 2 feet.
13 D. Guayaquile'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 8.)
leaves ovate, very unequal at the base, quite entire, or obsoletely
and angularly toothed, downy, as well as the stem and branches ;
limb of corolla angularly 10-toothed ; stamens a little exserted;
capside muricately spinose. 0. H. Native of America, in
humid places near Guayaquil. Stem and branches reddish.
Calyx tubular, downy ; hmb cleft on one side. Corolla large,
white. Perhaps a variety of Z). ]\Ietel.
Guayaquil Thorn-apple. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
Sect. III. Ceratocau'lis (from Kepag iceparos, Iceras keratos,
a horn; and kuvXoc, kaulos, a stem; shape of stem.) Calyx
nearly terete, entire, dehiscing by a lateral fissure at the apex.
Limb of corolla 10-toothed. Stamens exserted a little ; anthers
contiguous. Capsule obovate, unarmed, pendulous. Seeds com-
pressed, subovate, fuscescent, shining, rather scabrous. — An
annual herb. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed, hoary beneath.
Corollas white, purple outside.
14 D. ceratocau'lon (Ort. dec. p. 11. Jacq. hort. schoenbr.
3. p. 48. t. 309.) 0. H. Native of Cuba and Mexico.
Hook, bot. mag. t. 3352. D. macrocaulis. Roth, beitr. p. 159.
Stem terete, purplish, dichotomous, horn-formed, pilose at the
base, Corolla smaller than that of Brugmansia Candida, with a
green tube, white limb, and purplish outside, sweet-scented.
Capsule size of a nut, glabrous, smooth.
i/or/i-stonmerf Thorn-apple. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1805. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The seed of all the commoner kinds of Stramonium
only require to be sown in the open ground in April ; but the
rarer kinds answer better if reared on a hot-bed, and afterwards
planted out in the open border about the middle of May, like
other tender annuals.
XXVII. BRUGMA'NSIA (named in memory of Sebald
Justus Brugmans, author of Dissertatio de plantis inutilibus et
benenatis, 1. fasc. in 8vo. Groningen, 1783.) Pers. ench. 1. p.
SOLANACE^. XXVII. Brugmansia. XXVIII. Solandra.
475
216. D. Don, in Sweet, fi. gard. n. s. 272. Roem. et Scluihcs,
syst. 4. p. xxiii. Datilra species of authors.
Lin. syst. PcnlUndria, Munogynia. Ciilyx tubular, ventri-
cose, 5-angled, permanent, coarctate at top, and 2-3-5-lobed.
Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-plicate, 5-lobed ; lobes cuspidate.
Stamens 5, inclosed, coarctate ; anthers conglutinate. Stigma
thick, 2-lobed, with revolute margins. Capsule 2-celled, smooth,
many-seeded. Seeds opacpie, reniform, obsoletely trigonal, flat
on the sides, and tubercularly wrinkled, a little ribbed on the
convex side ; testa corky, very thick. — Trees or shrubs natives
of Peru. Flowers extra-axillary, pedunculate, or from the forks
of the branches, as in Dalura, large, white, or blood red,
drooping. Fruit oval, pendulous, golden yellow.
1 B. suave'olens ; leaves elliptic-oblong, quite entire, gla-
brous above, and scarcely downy beneatli ; points of corolla
short ; capsule ninricated ?. h . S. Native of Mexico, Chili,
and Peru. D. arborea. Mill. diet. no. 7, exclusive of the syn.
and description. Stramonium arboreum, Moench. meth. suppl.
p. 173. Datura suaveolens, VVilld. enum. 1. p. 227. Flowers
large, white. Calyx 5-toothed, or 5-lobed.
Siveet-sccnted ^ragmamxa. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1733. Tree
10 to 15 feet.
2 B. ca'ndida (Pers. ench. 1. p. 21G.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
quite entire, and are, as well as the petioles and branches,
clothed with powdery pubescence ; points of corolla elongated.
Tj . G. Native of New Granada, Peru, and Chili. Datiira
arborea, Lin. spec. 256. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 15. t. 128.
Willd. enum. 1. p. 227— Feuill. per. 2. p. 761. t. 46. Calyx
2-3-lobed ?. Corollas white, 7-8 inches long.
/r/i(7e-flowered Brugmansia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1813.
Shrub 7 to 10 feet.
3 B. BicoLOR (Pers. ench. 1. p. 216.) leaves sinuately lobed,
sub-toraentose, as well as the branches and petioles : points of
corolla elongated; calyx 2-3-lobed. Ij . F. Native of New
Granada and Peru, from whence it has been introduced to Chili.
B. sanguinea, D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 272. Datura
sanguinea, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 15. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 6. In Peru the plant is called Floii-
pondio encarnado, and Catupanillas encarnados, and in New
Granada it is called Bovochevo. From the bruised leaves an
ointment is prepared, which is said to possess superior healing
properties ; and from the fruit a highly narcotic liquor is pre-
pared. Corolla 7 inches long, pubescent, with 15 straight, pro-
minent ribs ; tube thick and fleshy, with 5 blunt angles, orange
yellow, green towards the base ; throat inflated and pitted out-
side ; limb of a fine scarlet, or orange red.
Tno-culoured-hoviereA Brugmansia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.
1833. Shrub 3 to 12 feet.
Cull. All the species of Brugmansia are free flowerers, and
are desirable plants for conservatories, on account of their fine
foliage, and large, trumpet-shaped, white, orange, or scarlet pen-
dant blossoms. They grow best in a light, rich soil, and should
not have much water given to them during winter, as they are
liable to damp. They also succeed well in the open ground
during summer in a warm, sheltered situation ; here they grow-
luxuriantly, and flower freely, and the blossoms become larger,
and of a finer colour, than if grown under glass, but here they
are killed by the first frosts of winter if not protected. All the
species strike readily from cuttings if placed in a moist heat.
XXVIII. SOLA'NDRA (so named by the younger Linnaeus,
in honour of Daniel Charles Solander, L.L.D. F.R.S., a Swede,
and disciple of Linnaeus ; companion of Sir Joseph Banks in
his voyage round the world, and the laborious collector of the
botanical notes made during that celebrated expedition. His
descriptions are preserved among the rass. in the British Museum,
and attest his learning, diligence, and skill.) Lin. fil. in Swartz.
act. holm. 1787. t. 11. prod. 42. fl. ind. oce. 1. p. 387. t. 9.
Schreb. gen. no. 1782. Correa de Serra, in ann. mus. 8. p. 389.
t. 4. f. 1, but not of Lam. Poir. nor Willd.
Lin. syst. Penl&ndria, Munngijnia. Calyx spathaceous,
splitting on one side, 3-5-cleft at apex. Corolla large, clavately
funnel-shaped ; tube long ; throat inflated ; lobes fringed, a
little acuminated. Berry or capsule globosely conical, 4-celled,
many-seeded. — Erect or scandent trees, with broad, alternate
leaves, and large, extra-axillary flowers, which are much like
those oi Brugmansia.
1 S. grandifloua (Lin. fil. in Swartz. act. holm. 1807. p.
300. t. 11.) leaves alternate, close together, viscid, and pubes-
cent, petiolatc, obovate oblong, acuminated; flowers terminal,
drooping, usually solitary, rarely 2-3 ; anthers a little lunate,
4-cornered, pointed, a little cloven at the base. fj . ,^. S.
Native of Jamaica ; climbing and rooting on trees and rocks.
Jacq. hort. schocnbr. I. p. 21. t. 45. Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
100. t. 6. Meen, exot. hot. t. 6. Sims, bot. mag. 1874. Tratt.
tab. t. 352. Solandra scandens, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 700. Swartzia grandiflora, Grael. syst. p. 360.
Datura sarmentosa, Lam. ill. 2. p. 9. no. 2295. Branches and
stem radicant. Leaves, tender branches, and calyxes clothed
with viscid down. Calyx and petioles pale, pitrplisli green :
the latter tubular, cornered, unequally cloven at 2-3 of the
angles. Corolla 7-8 inches long ; tube pale, yellowish green,
widening gradually above, 5-cornered ; limb white, the undi-
vided part indistinctly 10-cornered, 5 of the corners painted
with a dusky purple fillet ; the segments are of a purplish
colour outside, having the interstices minutely suborbicular at
the base, and very finely ciliated. Genitals exserted. Fruit
pyramidal, pale, yellowish green, 4-celled almost to the top,
then 2-celled. Seeds reniform, sessile. The fruit ripens in
August and September, and is of a sweet, sub-acid flavour.
Great-flowered Solandra. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1781.
Shrub climbing.
2 S. NiTiDA (Zuccagn. cent, in Rccm. coll. p. 128. no. 40.)
leaves quite glabrous, shining, tapering into the petioles, crowded,
oblong, acuminated, with revolute edges ; flowers terminal,
drooping, usually solitary, rarely 2-3-together ; lateral anthers
bicornute. Ij . S. Native country unknown. Portlandia
grandiflora, Hort. batav. Datiira sarmentosa, j(3. Lam. ill. 2. p.
9. no. 2295. Petioles violaceous, furnished with a few hairs.
Calyx 4-cleft ; segments unequal, with scarious brown edges.
Corolla half a foot long, yellowish white, with 6-7 nerves, brown
inside, green outside; tube 6-7-angled ; limb 6-7-cleft, with
roundish crenately-undulated segments, violaceous outside, at
first erect, but at length revolute. Stigma capitate, green.
This species differs from S. grandflora in the leaves being quite
glabrous and shining, in the bicornute anthers, and the calyx
and corolla being glabrous outside. Stem arborescent, with
chinky bark ; branches elongated, flexile, divaricate, with deci-
duous bark.
^/iiH;;jg--leaved Solandra. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree or shrub.
3 S. viRiDiFLORA (Siius, bot. mag. 1948.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, attenuated at both ends, acuininated, glabrous ; flowers
terminal, solitary, pedunculate ; calyx 5 -cleft ; the segments
lanceolate, acute, and equal ; tube of corolla suddenly swelling
out into the throat, and again a little contracted ; the segments
elongated, and revolute. f; . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio
Janeiro. Leaves deciduous. Branches rugged from the ele-
vated cicatrices occasioned by the falling of the leaves. Corolla
green, drooping. Genitals much exserted.
Green-flowered BoUaAra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
4 S. gutta'ta (D. Don, in bot. reg. t. 155.) leaves broad,
3 p 2
476
SOLANACEjE. XXVIII. SoLANDRA. XXIX. Ulloa. XXX. Brunfelsia. XXXI. Franciscea.
elliptic-oblong, acute, downy beneath ; flowers terminal, soli-
tary ; segments of corolla crispately crenated, spreading ; tube
about twice the length of the calyx, which is tubular and 3-
lobed. h . S. Native of Mexico. Tecomaxochitl, Hern,
mex. p. 408, with a figure. Shrub erect, branched. Branches
rugged from the elevated cicatrices occasioned by the falling of
the leaves. Leaves acute, or short-acuminated, 3-6 inches
long, and 2-3 broad. Flowers erect, on short peduncles. Lobes
of calyx ovate, acute, the third smaller. Corolla large, funnel-
shaped, pale yellow, but marked with purple spots in the throat;
lobes of limb very broad, roundish. Stamens hardly drawn
out beyond the throat of the corolla. Style exserted. Ovarium
4-celled. Stigma capitate.
Spotted-Rov.eYed Solandra. Fl. Clt. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
■j- A species not sufficiently known.
5 S. opposiTiFOLiA (Hort. ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 71.) leaves
opposite. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. Corolla large, white.
0p2wsite-leaved Solandra. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 to 10
feet.
Cult. The species of Solandra are very handsome when in
flower ; the foliage very fine, and the blossoms large, much
like tiiose of Briigmansia. If allowed plenty of space and
moisture they grow rapidly, but produce no blossoms : the best
way to avoid this is to plant them in loamy soil, and to encou-
rage them to grow rapidly at first by giving plenty of water,
and then withhold water altogether till their leaves drop off
from drought, and they will then produce plenty of blossoms.
Cuttings taken off from the plant, and planted in mould or tan
will strike root without further care. The best way to have
plants flower when small is to take the cuttings from flowering
shoots.
XXIX. ULLO'A (named after Antonia Ulloa, a Spanish
naturalist.) Pers. encli. 1. p. 218. Juanulloa, Ruiz, et Pav.fl,
per. 2. p. 47. t. 85.
LiN. sYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx large, inflated,
ovate, 5 -parted ; segments concave, lanceolate, acute, coloured,
permanent. Corolla tubular, gibbous under the throat, con-
tracted above ; limb small, 5-lobed ; segments rounded, spread-
ing. Stamens 5 ; filaments villous at the base. Stigma oblong,
somewhat eniarginate at apex. Berry ovate, girded by the
large calyx, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds oblong, reniform. —
A parasitical, frutescent, pendent plant, with oblong, acuminated,
alternate, thickish leaves ; and dichotomous, hanging racemes of
scarlet flowers and fruit.
1 U. PARAsiiicA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 218.) Ij . S. Native of
Peru, in groves. Juanulloa parasitica, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2.
p. 47. t. 185. Stems simple, woody, pendent. Berry size of
a cherry. Said to be nearly allied to Tance cium parasiticwn.
Para^Vic Ulloa. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub parasitical.
Cult. This plant will grow well in decayed wood, or vegeta-
ble mould ; anj may be increased by cuttings.
Tribe IV. FRANCI'SCEjE (this tribe contains plants agree-
ing with Franciscea in the characters given below.) Limb of
corolla plicate in aestivation, 5-lobed, rather unequal. Stamens
4, didynamous, that is, 2 long and 2 short, inclosed, without any
rudiment of a fifth. Ovarium girded by a cupulate disk. Cap-
sule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bipariible at top. Placentas
inserted into the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, angular. Em-
bryo straight, terete.
XXX. BRUNFE'LSIA (so named by Plumier, from Otho or
Otto Brunfelsius, of Mentz, first a Carthusian monk, and after-
wards a physician. He published the first good figures of
plants in 1530, and died in 1534.) Plum. gen. 22. Lin. gen.
no. 260. Schreb. gen. 1013. Juss. gen. 127. ed. Uster. p. 142.
Lam. ill. t. 548.
Lin. SYST. Didyndmia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed, short. Corolla large, funnel-shaped ; with a long
tube, and a flat, 5-lobed, obtuse, nearly equal limb. Stamens
4, didynainous, with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers reniform.
Stigma capitate. Capsule (berry, Lin.) larger than a cherry, 1-
celled, ex Lin. but probably 2-celled, many-seeded ; placenta
large, central, fleshy. — Shrubs with alternate, entire leaves, and
solitary, axillary, or terminal numerous flowers " Pericarp bac-
cate outside, 1 -celled, 2-valved, but since it opens by a distinct
suture from the top to the base, it is rather a capsule than a
berry. Seeds many, compressed, convex on one side, angular
on the other, wrinkled from dots. Receptacle fastened to the
bottom of the capsule, chaffy ; palea coadunate, subulate at the
tip, separating the seeds," ex Mart. Mill.
1 B. America'na (Lin. spec. 276.) leaves obovate, elliptic,
-acuminated, longer than the petioles ; corolla with an erect tube
and entire segments. I7 . S. Native of the West Indies, in va-
rious islands. Swartz, obs. 90. t. 4. f. 2. Curt. bot. mag. 394.
Brunfelsia flora albo, fructu croceo molli, Plum. gen. 12. icon,
t. 65. Catesbaea, &c. Browne, jam. 141. Leaves glabrous or
downy. Axillary flowers solitary : terminal ones numerous.
Corollas at first yellow, then white, very sweet-scented. There
are broad and narrow-leaved varieties of this species.
American Brunfelsia. Fl. June, July, Clt. 1735. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
2 B. undula'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 90. fl. ind.occ. 2. p. 1035.)
leaves lanceolate-ovate, tapering at both ends ; petioles very
short ; corolla with a curved tube and undulated segments. V> .
S. Native of Jamaica. Ker. bot. reg. 228. Andr. bot. rep.
167. Corolla at first yellow, then white.
Undulated-Rovievet\ Brunfelsia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1780.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 B. grandiflora (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1829.
July.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated ; flowers corymbose,
terminal ; tube of corolla hardly longer than the limb. Fj . S.
Native of Peru, at Uchiza, Tafalla. Branches twiggy. Leaves
pale green, 3-G inches long, and Ij to 2 inches broad. Teeth
of calyx acute. Limb of corolla 2 inches in diameter. Stamens
nearly equal.
Great-Jlowered Brunfelsia. Shrub.
t A species hardly known.
4 B. viola'cea (Lodd. bot. cab. 792.) leaves and petioles
deeply stained with purple. V^ ■ S. Native of the West In-
dies. Corolla of a livid colour.
FioZaceous Brunfelsia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub 2
feet.
Cult. The species are elegant free flowering shrubs, and are
worth cultivating for the beauty and fragrance of their blossoms.
A light rich soil, or one composed of loam and peat, answers
them well ; and cuttings of them strike root readily if planted in
sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
XXXI. FRANCrSCEA (named by Pohl, after Francis I.
emperor of Austria, a great patron of botany.) Pohl, bras. 1.
p. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 2828.
Lin. SYST. Didyndmia, Angiosperma. Calyx permanent, in-
flated, campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth equal. Corolla salver-
shaped ; limb 5-parted, nearly equal ; lobes rounded, repand,
with incumbent anthers ; tube inflated at the apex, incurved.
Style thickened at top; stigina 2-lobed. Capsule ovate, 2-
celled, 2-valved ; valves indivisible ; dissepiment parallel with
the valves, membranous, thin, separating at the base from the
SOLANACEiE. XXXI. Franciscea. XXXII. Browallia.
477
parietes of the capsule at maturity. — Erectisli, middle-sized
shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, oblong, entire. Peduncles
permanent, somewhat geniculated, axillary and terminal, brac-
teate. Flowers bracteate, usually crowded, cymosely racemose,
rarely solitary, violaceous or lilac, somewhat resupinate. Tube of
corolla inflated. Receptacle nearly terete, spongy, scrobiculate,
adnate to the dissepiment. This genus is said to be nearly
allied to Broni'dl'm ; but differs in the calyx being campanulate
and inflated, equally 5-toothed, permanent, &c.
1 F. vNiFLORA (I'olil, bras. 1. p. 1. t. 1.) branches diffuse,
spreading ; leaves elliptic, acute ; bracteas lanceolate, and are,
as well as the calyxes, glabrous ; flowers solitary. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, among bushes in the province of Rio Janeiro, in
the road to Sumidorio and Governo, &c. F. Hopeana, Hook,
bot. mag. 2828. Lodd. bot. cab. 1332. — Piso, bras. p. 85.
with a figure. — Margr. bras. p. 69. with same figure. Leaves
pale green below. Branches greenish, hoary. Corolla with a
whitish tube, and bluish-violet or purple limb.
One-Jlowcred Franciscea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
2 F. r.ATiFOLiA (Pohl, bras. ). p. 3. t. 2.) branches very
short, spreading; leaves broad-elliptic, acutish ; bracteas lanceo-
late, acuminated, and are, as well as the calyxes, quite glabrous ;
flowers few, subcymose, terminal. fj . S. Native of Brazil,
at Tejuco, and not far from Rio Janeiro. Leaves canescent,
green beneath, 6-7 inches long, and 2 to 2| broad. Corolla
violaceous or purple.
Broad-leaved Franciscea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 F. acumina'ta (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 4. t. 3.) branches erectly
spreading ; leaves oblong, acuminated, attenuated a little at the
base, glabrous ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, and are, as
well as the calyxes, quite glabrous; flowers few, subcymose,
terminal. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
Janeiro, among bushes at Mandioca. Branches greenish-brown.
Leaves ciliated when examined by a lens, yellowish-green be-
neath. Corolla with a bluish-violet limb. Calyx brownish.
Acuminated-\e\>i\ed. Franciscea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 F. RAMOsi'ssiMA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 5. t. 4.) branches
twiggy ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the base, rough from
elevated dots ; bracteoles petiolate, oblong, attenuated at the
base, hairy ; flowers cymose, axillary and terminal. F; . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, amonrr
bushes about Villa Ricca ; and on Serra Tingua, in the province
of Rio Janeiro. Gerardia Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 806.
Cordoquia obovata Montevidensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 699.
Epidermus yellowish-brown. Leaves yellowish-green beneath,
hairy on the principal nerves. Calyx dark brown, hairy.
Corolla with a bluish-violet limb.
Much-branched Franciscea. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
5 F. coNFERTiFLORA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 6. t. 5.) branches
erectish ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, acute, attenuated at the
base, rather pilose, ciliated ; bracteas oblong ; bracteoles ob-
long, attenuated at the base, and are, as well as the calyxes,
clothed with rusty hairs; flowers cymosely crowded, terminal.
fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, in
shady places on the road to Villa Fanado, and Villa do Prin-
cipe. Epidermis generally brownish-yellow, and pilose at
top. Leaves yellowish-green above, and brownish-green be-
neath.
Crorvded-Jlowered Franciscea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
6 F. divarica'ta (Pohl, bras. 1. p. G. t. 6.) branches divari-
cate; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, hairy; calyx
inflated, clothed with rusty villi ; flowers corymbose, terminal.
Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes,
among bushes at Rio St. Francisco, and on the road to Joao
Marco. Epidermis whitish-brown. Leaves yellowish, pilose
beneath. Calyx yellowish-brown. Corolla bluish-violet. Seeds
ovate, angular.
Divaricate P'ranciscea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
7 F. hydrange.sformis (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 7. t. 7.) stem a
little branched ; leaves oblong, acute, cuneiform at the base,
quite glabrous ; bracteas lanceolate, pilose, ciliated and scale-
formed, aggregate ; calyx hairy ; cymes of flowers terminal,
hemispherical, large. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Rio Janeiro, among bushes ; in shady places at Olana
and Sumidorio, and on the way to Rio Parahybuna. This is
the most elegant species of the genus, with the aspect of Hy-
drangea hortensia. Leaves yellowish-green beneath, subverti-
cillately aggregate, broad, a foot long. Racemes corymbose,
terininnl. Corolla of a beautiful bluish- violet.
Hydrangea-like Franciscea. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
8 F. macrophy'lla (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 2. p. 601.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, cuneiform at the base, rugosely
veined, downy beneath ; bracteas scale-formed, ciliated, and
are, as well as the inflated calyxes, clothed with glandular
down ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx ; cymes
terminal, compound, many-flowered, rather loose. ^ . S. Na-
tive of tropical Brazil. Very Vike F. hydrangets/ormis. Leaves
nearly a foot long, and 3h broad.
Long-leaved Franciscea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
9 F. pauciflora (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. GOO.)
leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, cuneated at the base, on
short petioles, glabrous ; bracteas leaf-fonned ; bracteoles scale-
formed, and are, as well as the calyxes, inflated, loose, and
clothed with glandular down ; tube of corolla hardly exceeding
the calyx ; cymes terminal, few-flowered, simple. h . S. Na-
tive of the South of Brazil, Sello. Leaves 6| inches long,
ciliated with glandular hairs in the young state.
Ferv-Jlowered Franciscea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The species are much more showy than those of
BrunJ'elsia ; and are more free flowerers ; they are also more
hardy, but require almost similar treatment.
XXXII. BROWA'LLIA (named by Linnaus, in honour of
John Brnwallius, bishop of Aboa, who defended the sexual
system of Linnaeus, against Siegesbeck, in a book entitled
" Examen epicriseos, &c." Aboa, 1739, and Leden, 1744.
8vo.) Lin. gen. no. 773. Schreb. gen. no. 1036. Gaertn.
fruct. t. 53. Juss. gen. 123. ed. Usteri, p. 138. Lam. ill.
535. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1829.
Lin. syst. Didynumia, Angiosperma. Calyx membranous,
tubular, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, more deeply cleft on both sides:
teeth obtuse, keeled. Corolla salver-shaped, resupinate from
the contortion of the peduncle; tube 15-nerved, ventricose at
top ; limb oblique, 5-lobed : lobes obtuse, emarginate, plicate
in aestivation ; upper segment (but more properly the lower
one) larger, and 3-nerved ; the others 1 -nerved. Stamens 4,
didynamous, without any rudiment of a fifth ; filament flattened,
bearded at top. Anthers of the upper filaments reniform : of
the lower ones parallel with the filaments, having the upper cell
the smallest, and sometimes abortive. Ovarium surrounded at
the base by a large, cup-shaped, fleshy disk. Stigina 2-lobed,
4-tubercled, with 2 excavations on the back for the reception of
the upper anthers ; lobes glutinose, depressed at top. Capsule
oblong, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ; valves bipartible ;
dissepiment contrary. Placentas 2, fleshy, scrobiculate, in-
serted into the dissepiment. Seeds angular, scrobiculate from
depressed dots. Albumen fleshy, white. Embryo terete,
straight, with short rounded cotyledons. — Herbs or shrubs,
with alternate leaves, and axillary and terminal blue or white
flowers.
1 B. viscosa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. 2. p. 373.)
478
SOLANACEiE. XXXII. Browallia. XXXIII. Antiiocercis.
leaves roundish-ovate; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; branches,
peduncles, and calyxes, clothed with clammy hairs. ©. G.
Native of New Granada, near Loxa and Gonzanama, at the
altitude of 1060 hexapods. Herb diffuse. Leaves obtuse,
hairy, 1 to Ih inch long. Peduncles crowded at the tops of the
branches. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Limb of co-
rolla violaceous, with obovate, emarginate segments ; the largest
segment spotted with white at the base ; tube inflated at top,
whitish.
Clammy Browallia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 B. DEMi'ssA (Lin. spec. 879. hort. cliff. 318. t. 17. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 373.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated,
oblique at the base ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, and are, sa
well as the branches, downy; calyx glabrous. ©. G. Native
of Panama, and other parts of South America ; on Mount
Avita, between Caraccas and La Venta Grande, Humb. et
Bonpl., where it is called Botanera. Sims, hot. mag. 1136. —
Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 100. Dalea, phil. trans, no. 432. Leaves
rather hairy. Calycine segments lanceolate. Corollas of a
bright but pale blue colour, sometimes inclining to a purple or
red ; and ol'ten there are flowers of all three colours on the
same plant. The segments are, like the rest, obovate, emargi-
nate : the larger one white at the base.
Lorn Browallia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1735. PI. \ to 1
foot.
3 B. ela'ta (Lin. spec. 880.) leaves oval, acuminated ; pe-
duncles axillary, one or many-flowered. ©. G. Native of
Pern. Curt. hot. mag. t. 34. This species is higher than the
first, and has stronger stalks, and sends out a great number of
branches. The flowers are of a deep blue, and the calyx is
beset with glandular hairs. Linnaeus observes that the lower
branches are almost the length of the stem, and that the floral
leaves are almost smooth.
Ta/i! Browallia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 J- foot.
4 B. elonga'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 372.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base ; peduncles
1-flowered, axillary ; branclilets, peduncles, and calyxes,
clothed with hairy pubescence. ©. G. Native of New Gra-
nada, between the town of Mariquita and the mine of Santa
Ana. B. lactea, Hort. Herb much branched. Branches
rather angular, downy. Leaves rather hairy. Teeth of calyx
lanceolate, erect. Limb of corolla blue, with obovate, emargi-
nate segments : the larger segment spotted with white at the
base. Nearly allied to B. demissa.
Elongated Brovis\y\?i. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.? PI. li foot.
5 B. grandifi.ora (Graham, in bot. mag. 3069. but not of
bot. reg.) leaves ovate, acute, attenuated into the petioles at the
base ; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary, racemose at the tops of
the branches; branches and adult calyxes glabrous. ©. G.
Native of Peru, near Yazo, in the valley of Canta. Leaves acu-
minated. Stem much branched. Calyx and peduncles beset
with glandular villi while young, with unequal, spreading, linear
segments. Corolla with a greenisli-yellow tube, which is clothed
with glandular villi, and a white or very pale lilac limb ; seg-
ments of the limb obovate and emarginate, like the other spe-
cies.
Great-floivered Browallia. Fl. June, Dec. Clt. 1829. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
6 B. cordaVa ; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated ; pedun-
cles l-flo\vered, racemose at the tops of the branches ; branches
and adult calyxes glabrous. ©. G. Native of Peru, near
Yazo, in the valley of Canta. B. grandiflora, Lindl. bot. reg.
t. 1384. but not of Graham. Leaves obscure green. Racemes
secund, bractless. Limb of corolla pale blue, with obovate,
emarginate segments, which are of a livid yellow colour be-
neath.
Cordate-\ea\e& Browallia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1829. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
■\ A douhlfal species.
7 B. aliena'ta (Lin. syst. 478.) superior leaves opposite;
stamens 2, length of corolla. ©. G. Native country unknown.
Browallia foliis lanccolatis petiolatis longis, caule ramoso, radice
annua. Mill. icon. t. 68. Miller has omitted this species in the
last edition of his dictionary.
Alienated Browallia. PI. 1 foot ?
Cult. The seeds of all the species should be reared in
a hot-bed frame ; and when the plants are large enough, they
may be set in the greenhouse, where they make a showy appear-
ance during the time the greenhouse plants stand out of doors.
Tribe V. ANTHOCE'RCE^ (this tribe agrees with the
genus Anthocercis in the characters given below.) Corolla not
plicate, regular. Stamens didynamous, with the rudiment of a
fifth. Embryo arched. Pericarp capsular or baccate, 2-celled,
2-valved.
XXXIII. ANTHOCE'RCIS (from ayOos, anthos, a. flower;
and icepKic, kerkis, a ray ; in reference to the radiated corolla.)
Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 19. t. 158. R. Br. prod. p. 448.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-cleft. Co-
rolla campanulate ; tube coarctate at the base, staminiferous ;
limb 5-parted, equal. Stamens inclosed, didynamous, with the
rudiiTient of a fifth. Stigma capitately emarginate. Capsule 2-
celled, 2-valved ; valves bent in at the edges, inserted in the
parallel placenta. Seeds reticulated. — Sinoothish shrubs.
Leaves alternate, attenuated into the petioles or base, articu-
lated with the branches, thick, sometimes glandularly dotted.
Flowers axillary, generally solitary, usually loosened at the
points ; peduncles minutely bracteate. Corolla white or yellow,
showy ; tube striated inside ; limb sometimes 6-8-parted
1 LiTTOREA (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 19. t. 158.) leaves obo-
vate, dotless, with smooth margins, quite glabrous on both sur-
faces, as well as on the branchlets ; segments of corolla longer
than the tube ; capsule o\>long, twice as high as the calyx. H .
G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Ker. bot.
reg. t. 212. Sweet, fl. austral, t. 17. Corollas pale yellow,
large, streaked with purple inside the tube.
Sea-shore Anthocercis. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
2 A. a'lbicans (Cunningh. in
Fields' New South Wales, ap-
pend. 5. p. 335. with a figure.
Sweet, fl. austral, t. 16.) leaves
oblong, obtuse, densely tomen-
tose on both surfaces, as well as
the branches ; segments of co-
rolla longer than the tube. Ti .
G. Native of New South Wales,
frequent upon pine hills in the
interior, Cunningham. Flowers
fragrant, white, streaked with
bluish-purple inside the tube.
JJ7(//(4'/i-leaved Anthocercis.
Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 11 to 2 feet.
3 A. viscosA (R. Br. prod. p.
448.) leaves obovate, glandu-
larly dotted, with rather sca-
brous margins ; young leaves and branches clothed with fine
down; capsule ovate, equal in length to the calyx. fj . G.
Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Corollas large,
white.
FIG. 42.
SOLANACEiE. XXXIV. Duboisia. XXXV. Nolana.
479
Clammy Anthocercis. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub
4 to G feet.
Cult. This is a genus of elegant early flowering shrubs,
worth cultivating in every collection. A light rich soil, or a
mixture of sand, loam, and peat, suits them very well. Cut-
tings strike root readily if planted in sand, with a bell-glass
placed over them.
XXXIV. DUBOrSIA (named after Louis Dubois, author of
" Methode eprouvee avec laquelle on pent parvenir facilement
a connaitre les plantes des environs d'Orleans," 1 vol. 8vo. Orle-
ans, 1803 ; and of " Du Pommier du Poirier et du Cormier," 2
parts, 12mo. Paris, 1804.) R. Br. prod. 448.
Lin. syst. Dldijnamia, ^ ngiosjierma. Calyx bilabiate,
short, campanulately funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted, nearly
equal. Stamens inserted into the bottom of the corolla, in-
closed, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma capi-
tately emarginate. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds sub-
reniform. — A small glabrous tree, with the habit of Myoporum.
Leaves alternate, articulated with the branches, entire. Pani-
cles axillary, furnished with deciduous bracteas at the divisions.
Flowers white, like those of Myoporum. Tube of corolla stri-
ated inside. Berry small, oval, black.
1 D. myoporoi'des (R. Br. prod. p. 448.) T; . G. Native
of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Myoporum-Uke Duboisia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Anlhocercis above.
Tribe VL NOLANIE'iE (this tribe contains plants agreeing
with Nolana in the characters given below,) Corolla plicate in
aestivation, 5-lobed. Stamens !), adnate to the tube of the
corolla. Ovaria I to 5, or more, crowded, seated on a fleshy
annular disk. Stigma capitate. Drupe solitary, or 5 together,
containing each a 2-4-celled, bony putamen. Embryo filiform,
gyrate, sometimes peripheric.
XXXV. NOL.VNA (so named by Linnaeus, from nola, a
little bell, on account of the bell-shaped form of the corolla.)
Lin. gen. 193. Schreb. gen. no. 254. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 242.
t. 132. Juss. gen. 132. ed. Usteri, p. 147. D. Don, in Svpeet,
fl. gard. n. s. t. 305.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
campanulate, 5-lobed, 5-plicate. Stamens 5, adnate to the tube
of the corolla, nearly equal. Anthers 2-celled, dehiscing length-
wise. Ovaria 5 or more, crowded, seated on a fleshy annular
disk. Stigma capitate. Drupes usually 5 at maturity, contain-
ing each a 3-4-celled, bony putamen, marked by 3-5 grooves,
and 3-0 little holes underneath. Seeds roundisli, with a mem-
branous testa. Albumen fleshy, copious. Embryo filiform,
gyrate, somewhat perepheric. — Herbs, natives of Peru and
Chili, usually annual. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Flowers
solitary, pedunculate, showy blue, alar, or axillary.
1 N. ATRiPLiciFOLiA (Hortul. cx D. Dou, in Sweet's fl. gard.
n. s. t. 305.) stems procumbent, rather villous ; calyx cam-
panulate, with ovate-lanceolate, acute, connivent segments ;
leaves spatulate : radical ones large. ©. H. Native of Peru.
N. grandiflora, Lehm. Flowers large, colour of those of Con-
volvulus tricolor ; limb blue ; throat white, yellow inside. The
radical leaves are large, and greatly resemble those of spinach.
It comes nearest to A'. spatuUita, and A', coronuta, Ruiz, et Pav.
J triplex-leaved Nolana. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1S34. PI.
procumbent.
2 N. spatula'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 7. t. 113. f. a.)
stem erect; leaves cordately triangular; calycine segments spa-
tulate. ©. H. Native of Peru, on hills. The whole plant is
downy. Branches angular towards the top. Leaves petiolate,
alternate, twin, fleshy, obliquely obtuse, subsinuatcd. Calyx
pentagonal, hispid. Corollas large, whitish-purple, villous inside
the tube. Carpels or drupes 4.
iSpalulate-leaved Nolana. PI. 1 foot.
3 N. corona'ta (Ruiz. et. Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 6. t. 112. f. b.)
stems prostrate ; leaves ovate-cordate, rather oblique ; calycine
segments subcordate ; corolla with a villous throat. ©. H.
Native of Peru, on hills, in arid sandy places. Root fusiform.
Steins terete, much branched, rather villous. Leaves on long
petioles, shining, and rather villous on both surfaces. Pedun-
cles generally longer than the leaves. Corolla 3 times larger
than the calyx, with a white bottom and blue border. Drupes
elongated, filiform.
Croivned-Rowered Nolana. PI. prostrate.
4 N. prostra'ta (Lin. fil. dec. 1. t. 2.) stems prostrate;
leaves ovate-oblong ; calyx pyramidal, with triangularly sagit-
tate segments, furnished with spur-like processes at the base.
©. H. Native of Peru, in sandy places near the sea. Ruiz.
et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 7. Curt. bot. mag. 731. N. prostrata
gallinacea, Pers. ench. 1. p. 168. A'tropa, Gouan, hort. monsp.
82. with a figure. VValkeria, Ehret, phil. trans. 1763. p. 130.
t. 10. Zwingera, Act. helv. 5. p. 267. t. 1. Neudorfia,
Adans. p. 219. Teganiunti procumbens, Schmidel, icon. 67. t.
18. Leaves twin, rhomb-ovate, entire. Corolla pale blue.
Drupes 2-4-celled.
Prostrate Nolana. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1761. PI. pros-
trate.
5 N. PARADOXA (Lindl. bot. reg. 865. but not of Hook.)
stems prostrate, hairy ; leaves ovate, obtuse, pilose ; segments
of calyx triangular ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped ;
drupes cumulated, 1-seeded. Q. H. Native of Chili, on the
sea shore, about Conception. Corollas blue.
Pamrfox/ca/ Nolana. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. prostrate.
6 N. tene'lla (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 252.) clothed with
viscid down ; stems filiform ; petioles ciliated ; leaves ovate,
obtuse at both ends ;
calyx campanulate, 2-
lobed, 5-angled, one of
the lobes emarginate, the
other tridentate ; ova-
rium 5-lobed. ©. H.
Native of Chili. N.
paradoxa. Hook. bot.
mag. t. 2604. but not of
Lindl. Peduncles hairy,
filiform. Corolla pale
blue, with a paler eye.
Stamens villous, inclosed.
This species differs from
N. prostrata in the want
of spur-like processes to
the calyx.
Sle}ider Nolana. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. prostrate.
7 N. infla^ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 7. t. 112. f. a.)
stem prostrate ; radical leaves on long petioles, ovate-lanceo-
late ; calyx inflated, ovate, striated. ©. H. Native of Peru,
on sandy hills about Cumana. Stems purple, angular, branch-
ed. Leaves downy, sinuated : radical ones entire, r.arely tooth-
ed, 4-5 inches long, and 3 broad ; lower stem leaves solitary,
subpetiolate, and rather oblique at the base : upper cauline
ones twin, hardly petiolate, ovate, cordate, quite entire. Pa-
nicle terminal, leafy ; peduncles longer than the leaves. Corolla
whitish-violet, 3 times longer than the calyx. Anthers blue.
Drupes 4.
I>ijlated-ca.]y\ed Nolana. PI. prostrate.
8 N. revolu'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 8. t. 113. f. b.)
FIG. 43.
480
SOLANACE^. XXXV. Nolana. XXXVI. Triguera. XXXVII. Crabowskia. XXXVIII. Cestrum.
stems procumbent ; leaves crowded, linear, with revolute mar-
)jins ; calyx ventricose, ovate, with lanceolate segments. 0.
H. Native of Peru, in sandy places. Stems white, angular,
l-eaves sessile, twin, unequal in size, white beneath, obtuse.
Peduncles very short. Corolla bluish-violet, thrice as long as
the calyx.
ReiJolute-\ea\ed Nolana. PL procumbent.
Cult. All the species of Nolana are showy when in blossom,
much like those of some trailing species of Convolvulus, and are,
therefore, well adapted for decorating flower borders. The
seeds should be sown on a gentle hot-bed in spring ; and the
plants, when of sufficient size, or about the middle of May,
should be finally transplanted to the open ground, where they
will flower and ripen seed ; or the seeds may be sown at once
•in the open border, in a warm sheltered situation.
XXXVI. TRIGUFRA (so named by Cavanilles after D.
Triqueros, a Spanish botanist, first discoverer of the plant.)
Cav. diss. 2. t. A. Schreb. gen. no. 282. Juss. gen. p. 125.
ed. Usteri, p. 140. Lam. ill. t. 114.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft to the
middle ; segments unequal, acute, permanent. Corolla campa-
nulatc, irregular ; throat dilated into a short, ventricose, sub-
bilabiate, plicate limb, which is longer than the calyx ; seginents
unequal : 2 superior ones sub-reflexed. Stamens 5 ; filaments
very short, joined at the base by a 5-toothed, epipetalous
membrane, wiiich surrounds the ovarium. Anthers sagittate,
conniving into a cone, dehiscing by 2 pores at the apex, ex
Juss. Stigma capitate. Drupe small, globose, half covered by
the calyx, furrowed, 4-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Seeds ovate,
com])ressed, usually only one in each cell coming to maturity —
Annual herbs, with extra-axillary, 2-flovvered peduncles.
1 T. ambrosi'aca (Cav. diss. 2. append. 2. t. A.) stem fur-
rowed, winged : superior leaves obovate, toothed, or serrated,
downy, decurrent. ©. H. Native of Spain, in Andalusia,
in gravelly places about Cordova, Lam. ill. t. 114. T. bac-
cata, Gmel. syst. p. 338. Verbascum Osbeckii, Lin. spec. 25,5.
— Buxb. cent. 5. t. 17. f. 52. — Tourn. itin. 2. p. 83. icone,
Stem hardly branched. Radical leaves obovate, entire. Pedun-
cles twin, or bifurcate. Corolla like that of Hyocyamus, pur-
plish-violet; segments of the limb roundish, crenated. Drupe
dry. Cotyledons of Z)a/Mra, ex Poir. The plant has a strong
scent of musk.
Amhrosiacal Triquera. PI. 1 foot.
2 T. iNODORA (Cav. diss. 2. append. 3.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, quite entire, glabrous, hardly decurrent. ©. H. Native
of Spain, alung with the preceding. The whole plant is gla-
brous. The flowers are prettier than those of the preceding ;
the tube of the corolla is shorter ; the throat and rays pale
violet ; the limb cream-coloured ; the lobes neither acuminated
nor emarginate ; the urcfeolus is larger, and almost wholly hides
the ovarium.
Scentless Triquera. PI. J to f foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nolana above.
XXXVII. CRABOWSKIA (named in honour of H. Cra-
bowski, M.D., one of the editors of Flora Selesiaca.) Schlecht,
in LinuKa, 7. p. 72. Lyciuni species, Lin. Eliretia species,
Lher.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx sub-campanu-
late, regularly 5-toothed, valvular in aestivation. Corolla with
a short, funnel-shaped tube, and a 5-parted limb ; segments of
the limb spreading, or reflexed, 4 of which are convolute in
aestivation, the fifth external, with the margins covering the
edges of those near it. Genitals exserted. Stamens 5, equal ;
filaments free from a little above the base of the tube, densely
villous in the middle ; the villi decreasing toward the base.
Style terete ; stigma sub-capitate, or bifid. Ovarium 4-celled ;
cells 1 -ovulate. ? Drupe propped by the permanent calyx, glo-
bose, containing 2 2-celled, 2-seeded, woody putamens. Em-
bryo hamately curved, cylindrical.^ — -A shrub, with the habit of
the genuine species of Lijcium, much branched, furnished with
axillary spines. Leaves scattered, quite entire. Flowers from
fascicles of leaves, or evolute branchlets, or sub-corymbose
from the tops of the branchlets, hence they appear as if they
were disposed in terminal panicles.
1 C. BORHAAvr^EFOLiA (Sclilecht, in Linnaea, 7. p. 72.) Ij .
G. Native of tlie South of Brazil, in woods, where it has been
collected by Sello, but has been introduced from Peru into the
gardens of this country. Lycium borhaaviaefolium, Lin. suppl.
p. 150. I<am. diet. 3. p. 510. Ehretia halimifolia, Lher. stirp.
1. p. 45. t. 83. Duham. arbr. 1. p. 306. no. 5. Lycium heter-
ophyllum, Murr. cnmm, goett. 1783. p. G. t. 21. Leaves cori-
aceous, glaucei-cent, with a saltish, bitterish taste. Corolla
white, having the throat veined with green. Genitals white.
Stigma green. Nuts form of those of Ciffea Ardbica, convex
on one side, marked by a slender furrow in the middle, obtuse
at top, and perforated by 2 roundish holes at the base ;
hence it is tridentate, the first tooth from the middle of the
back, the other 2 from the sides, sometimes, but only by abor-
tion, 1-celled. Albumen copious, fleshy.
Borhaavia-leaved Crabowskia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1780.
Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Cull. This singular shrub is of the most easy culture and
propagation. A light rich earth suits it best ; and cuttings
strike root readily under a hand-glass.
Tribe VII. CESTRI'NEjE (this tribe contains plants agree-
ing with the genus Cestrum in the characters given below.)
Limb of corolla plicate, valvate, or induplicate in sestivation.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, regular ;
tube elongated ; limb usually spreading. Stamens 5 ; anthers
dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium seated on a cupulate disk.
Pericarp capsular or baccate. Placentas adiiate to the disse-
piment. Embryo nearly straight, with a cylindrical radicle,
and roundish leafy cotyledons.
§ 1. Pericarp baccate.
XXXVIII. CE'STRUM (from K£<T7-pov, Kestron, the Greek
name of betony, but for what reason applied to this genus is
unknown to us.) Lin. gen. no. 261. Schreb. gen. no. 342.
Juss. gen. p. 126. ed. Usteri, p. 141. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. 3. p. 56. Gartn. fruct. 1. p. 378. t. 77. Lam. ill. t. 1 12.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, sub-
campanulate, 5-toothed, almost regular, valvate in iestivation.
Corolla with an elongated tube, widening gradually to the top ;
limb 5-parted, subplicate, spreading, or revolute, regular, condu-
plicate in aestivation. Genitals inclosed ; filaments naked, or fur-
nished with a small tooth, or villi, or down near the base, or
where the parts are adnate to the corolla. Anthers nearly glo-
bose, dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium 2-celled, few-ovulate.
Stigma subcapitate, concave, or somewhat 2-lobed. Berry
girded by the permanent calyx, 2-celled, or only 1-celled from
the dissepiment having vanished, ex Gasrtn. few-seeded ; pla-
centas double, free, central. Seeds 3-sided. Embryo straight-
ish, with a cylindrical radicle, and roundish foliaceous cotyle-
dons.— Unarmed shrubs. Leaves and branches scattered, the
former quite entire, and usually furnished with spurious brac-
leas, or small leaves in their axils. Flowers racemose; racemes
bracteate, axillary, elongated, or short, disposed in corymbs,
spikes, or fascicles. Corollas never blue, nor red, usually
sweet-scented, having the sides of the segments generally to-
mentose. Berries black, or blackish blue. The leaves exhale
a fetid, nauseous smell when bruised.
SOLANACE^. XXXVIII. Cestrum.
481
j 1 . Filaments toothless and naked, and sometimes villous at
their insertion.
* Flowers solitary, or aggregate, sessile.
1 C. BtxiFOLiUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 57.)
leaves approximate, elliptic, bluntisli, rather cordate, glabrous,
Kiiining ; axillary flowers solitary : terminal ones crowded, ses-
sile ; filaments naked and toothless. ^ . S. Native of New
Granada, near the monastery of Mont Serraf, at the altitude of
650 hexapods. Branchlets clothed with fuscescent tomentum.
Leaves 7-8 lines long. Corollas white.
Box-leaved Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
2 C. ]Mari9Uite'nse (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong,
acute, membranous, glabrous ; axillary flowers solitary : term-
inal ones crowded, nearly sessile ; segments of corolla ovate,
acute; filaments naked and toothless. fj.S. Native of New
Granada, near Santa Ana and Mariquita, at the altitude of 550
hexapods. C. Bogotense, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Scluiltes,
syst. 4. p. 807. Branches downy. Leaves 2-8 lines long.
Corollas white. Berry ovate-elliptic, size of a pea.
Mariquita Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
3 C. PENDULiNUM (Jacq. schccnbr. 3. p. 42. t. 327.) branches
gmoothish, leaves ovate-oblong, sub-acuminated, rather hairy ;
flowers crowded at the tops of the branches, almost sessile ;
segments of corolla oblong, obtuse, with reflexed edges ; fila-
ments naked and toothless. >j . S. Native of New Granada,
near Turbaco and Mahates ; and of Caraccas. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 57. Branches rather downy. Leaves 2 inches
long. Corolla greenish white. Berry elliptic, size of those of
Cornus alba, blue. 'J'he branches are said to be pendulous.
Pendulous-branched Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1824. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
4 C. PAUCIFIORLM (Nees, et Mart, in act. bonn. 11. p. 79.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, downy beneath ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, sessile ; filaments naked, toothless. h . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, at the river Uheos. Young branches muricated,
but glabrous in the adult state. Leaves 3-4 inches long ; peti-
oles marginate, rather scabrous. Each flower is furnished with
a lateral, subulate bracteole. Segments of calyx and corolla
narrow, linear-lanceolate, keeled. Corolla yellowish, 4-5 lines
long. Berry 2-celled, 4-seeded. C. Mariquitensis diflfers from
this species in the leaves being smaller and glabrous, in the seg-
ments of the corolla being broader, glabrous, and ovate, and it
differs from all other species in the axillary, solitary flowers.
Ferv-Jlowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
5 C. CORYMBOSUM (Schlccht. in Linnaea, 7. p. 57.) glabrous ;
leaves elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, cuneated at the base,
rather coriaceous, shining ; corymbs terminal, sessile ; calycine
teeth triangular, bearded at the tip ; segments of corolla acute,
very short; filaments villous at the adnate part; berries globose.
tj . S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Branchlets clothed with dirty,
rusty, curled down. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Berry size of a
large pea.
C'or!/m/;o«e-flowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
6 C. VESPERTiNUM (Lin. syst. 227.) glabrous ; leaves elliptic ;
flowers aggregate, sessile, terminal, and axillary ; filaments
naked, toothless, fj . S. Native of the West Indies. Jacq.
schoenbr. 3. p. 43. t. 328. Lher. stirp. 1. p. 72. Murr. nov.
comm. gcett. 5. p. 41. t. 8. C. confertum. Mill. diet. no. 5. C.
Jamaicense, Lam. diet. 1. p. 687. C. ramosissimum, Hort.
patav. Jasminum, Sloane, hist. 2. p. 96. t. 204. f. 2, ? Plum,
ed. Burm. p. 150. t. 157. f. 1. Ixora alternifolia, Jacq. amer.
pict. 16. t. 177. f. 8. Branches tomentose. Corolla greenish
white, with narrow, acute segments ; tube long, filiform. Berry
blue. The flowers are disposed in short, crowded spikes.
VOL. IV.
jEwnnig' Bastard Jasmine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub
10 to 12 feet.
7 C. ? RosEUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 59. t. 197.) leaves
oblong, bluntish, clothed with soft down on both surfaces ;
peduncles axillary and terminal, ? 4-6-flowered ; flowers sessile,
crowded into involucrated heads ; calyx tubular, 5-cleft, downy ;
segments of the corolla ovate, narrow-acuminated ; filaments
naked, toothless. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, in frigid places,
near Real del Moran and Hacienda de Regla, at the altitude of
1200 hexapods. Young branches clothed with villous down.
Leaves 2 to 2s inches long. Calycine segments lanceolate,
acute, unequal, reflexed at top. Corolla glabrous, rose-coloured.
Segments of corolla reflexed. Berry unknown.
Rose-coloured-([oviered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 6 feet.
* * Flowers sjncate, or racemose. Spikes and racemes
axillary and terminal.
8 C. CALYciNUM (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
809. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 58.) branches and under sides of
leaves clothed with canescent, stellate tomentum ; leaves ovate-
elliptic, glabrous and shining above, sub-acuminated, stiflish ;
peduncles axillary and terminal, many-flowered, short, spicate ;
flowers sessile ; calyx elongated, 5-cleft ; corollas tomentose ;
filaments naked, toothless. \i . S. Native of Peru, near
Gonzanama ; and of Brazil, Sello. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. Corolla pale
green. Stamens inserted at the top of the tube, glabrous.
Habit of Sessea. Very like C. stipulatum, Ruiz, et Pav.
Large-calyxed Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 10 feet.
9 C. petiola're (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches and the
nerves on the under sides of the leaves clothed with powdery
tomentum ; leaves on long petioles, glabrous above, elliptic-
oblong, sub-acuminated, costately veined ; peduncles axillary
and terminal, few-flowered, very short, spicaiely approximate ;
flowers sessile ; filaments naked, toothless. ? fj . S. Native of
Peru, in shady places between Ayavaca and Yanta, at the alti-
tude of 800 hexapods. C. venosum, Willd. herb. no. 4438. ex
Rceni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 807. Sessea petiolaris, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 584. Branches glabrous: floriferous ones clothed
with fuscescent tomentum. Leaves 5-7 inches long, and 2-3
broad. Petioles of the upper leaves biauriculate at the base ;
auricles lunate. Peduncles spicately approximate at the tops of
the branches, tomentose. Teeth of calyx short, acute.
Petiolate-\eaveA Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
10 C. conglomera'tum (Ruiz.et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 29. t. 156.
f. a. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 60.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, reticulately veined, stiff, glabrous, having the veins be-
neath prominent ; spikes axillary, short, sessile ; calycine teeth
ovate, acute ; filaments naked, toothless. 1^ . S. Native on
the western declivities of the Andes of Peru, among the debris
of rocks. C. reticulatum, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 4. p. 808. Branches subtrigonal. Leaves 3-4 inches
long. Spikes approximate at the tops of the branches. Co-
rolla greenish yellow, with ovate, acute segments. The ])lant
of Ruiz, et Pav. is probably the same as that of H. B. et
Kunth, 1. c.
Conglomerate-flowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
lie. AFpfNE (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, or
lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, membranous, glabrous ; spikes
axillary, short, sessile, approximate ; flowers sessile ; segments
of corolla ovate, acute ; filaments naked, glabrous. h ■ S.
Native of Peru, on Mount Tinguragua ; also near Ayavaca.
C. Peruvianum, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
807. Branches trigonal, smooth. Leaves 5 inches long,
and 1| inch broad. Spikes approximate at the tops of the
branches. Corolla whitish green, glabrous. Teeth of calyx
3 Q
482
SOLANACE;E. XXXVIIl. Cestrum.
ovate, acute, with pilose edges. There is also a variety of this
having he?camerous, hexandrous flowers. Very nearly allied to
C. Pdrqu'i and C. conglomeratum.
Allied Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
12 C. diu'rnum (Lin. spec. 277. Liier. stirp. 1. p. 74.)
leaves oblong, acute, membranous, glabrous ; spikes axillary,
on long peduncles ; flowers sessile, approximate ; segments of
corolla ovate, obtuse, reflexed ; filaments naked, toothless.
Fj . S. Native of Cuba, near the Havannah. Jasminoides,
Dill. clth. 186. t. 154. f. ISC. Leaves 3 inches long. Flow-
ers sweet-scented, small, white. Teeth of calyx acute, a little
ciliated.
Day-smelling Bastard Jasmine. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1732. Shrub
10 to 12 feet.
13 C. odontospe'kmum (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 44. t. 331.) gla-
brous ; leaves oblong, acute, rather coriaceous ; racemes short,
axillary and terminal; flowers nearly sessile; segments of corolla
lanceolate, acute, revolute ; filaments naked, toothless. Ij . S.
Native country unknown. Nearly allied to C. diurnum, but the
flowers are only sweet-scented at night, not in the day time.
Seeds small, compressed, marked by a short tooth at the side.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Corolla white ; tube cylindrical,
with the mouth hardly dilated. Berry blackish, size of a
siTiall pea.
roo//i-secrferf Bastard Jasmine. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793.
Shrub 6 feet.
14 C. FASTiGiA^THM (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 44. t. 330.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; pedun-
cles elongated, axillary, spiked at top, equal in length to the
leaves ; corolline segments ovate, obtuse, reflexed, 5 or 6 ; fila-
ments naked, toothless. T; . S. Native country unknown.
Leaves pale beneath. Spurious stipulas small, obtuse. Flowers
white, sessile, sub-fastigiate on the tops of the peduncles,
sweet-scented both by day and night. Berry roundish, size of a
pea, blackish.
Faslig'mte-Aovieredi Bastard Jasmine. Fl. Nov. Clt. ? Shrub
4 to C feet.
15 C. rcETiDissiMUM (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 43. t. 329.) glab-
rous ; leaves ovate and lanceolate, acute, petiolate ; peduncles
axillary and terminal, usually 3-G-flowered, racemose ; flow-
ers pedicellate, or sessile ; teeth of calyx slender ; segments of
corolla short, ovate, emarginate ; filainents bearded at the base,
toothless. ^ . S. Native of the West Indies. Stem rough
from dots, much branched. Leaves 2-4 inches long, very fetid.
Flowers sweet-scented at night. Corolla yellowish. Berry
oblong-cylindrical, black, containing 2 oblong seeds.
Very-J'elid Bastard Jasmine. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub
10 feet.
16 C. TENUiFLORUM (H. B. et Kuuth, 1. c. p. 61.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, meinbranous, rather tomentose on the veins
beneath; spikes axillary, very short, sessile, 8-12-flowered ;
flowers sessile ; corolla with a very slender tube, and lanceolate,
acuminated segments, having the edges revolute ; filaments
naked, toothless. Ij . S. Native of the Orinoco, on the decli-
vities of Mount Duida, near Esmeralda ; and of Para, in Brazil.
C. floribiindum, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 807. C. ovdtum, Wnid. rel. 1. c. A much branched, suff"ru-
ticose shrub. Branches terete, clothed with powdery tomen-
tum. Leaves about 4 inches long. Petioles, branches, and
rachis of spikes tomentose. Corollas sweet-scented, white,
glabrous. Calyx glabrous, irregularly 4-5-toothed. Filaments
pilose at the base.
Slender-flowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
17 C. TiNCTORiuM (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 45. t. 332.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, shining ; racemes axillary and term-
inal ; flowers on short pedicels ; segments of corolla lanceolate,
1
acute, at length reflexed, but at first spreading ; filaments naked,
toothless, adhering the whole length of the tube of the corolla.
\l . S. Native about Caraccas. Leaves coriaceous, 3 inches
long. Corollas white, sweet-scented. Berry deep violet,
roundish.
Z)(/er's Bastard Jasmine. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub
4 feet.
18 C. LATiFOLinM (Lam. ill. 2. p. 5. no. 2275. Vahl, eclog.
p. 25.) leaves elliptic, acute, glabrous above, clothed with pow-
dery villi beneath ; racemes axillary, very short ; filaments
toothless. 1^ . S. Native of the Island of Trinidad. Peti-
oles and branches clothed with powdery villi, as well as the
peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes. Corolla with a filiform tube,
and lanceolate, acute segments. Stigina capitate. Vahl says
this species diflers froin C. hirtum in the leaves not being cordate
at the base, and in the segments of the corolla being acute, not
obtuse, and in the stigma being capitate, not bifid.
Broad-leaecd Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
19 C, La;viGA"TUM (Sclilecht. in Linnsea, 7. p. 58.) glabrous ;
leaves elliptic, acuminated, rather papery, and rather opaque,
petiolate ; racemes subspicate, axillary, much shorter than the
leaves, but sometimes these racemes are reduced to axillary fas-
cicles ; calyx nearly glabrous, ciliated on the margin, with
very short, or no teeth ; corolla glabrous, 6 times longer than
the calyx ; segments of the limb obtuse; filaments inserted in
the upper part of the tube, rather pilose in the middle of the
tube ; berry ovoid. fj . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro
and elsewhere. Cestrum racemosum, Ruiz, et Pav. 1 Leaves
4-6 inches long. Spurious stipulas sometimes present. Corolla
an inch long. Hairs on the filaments retrograde.
Var. a, evolutum (Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves larger, on longer peti-
oles ; and the racemes axillary, and on longer peduncles than
in var. /3.
Var. /3, liauperculum (Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves smaller, on shorter
petioles ; racemes short ; flowers sometimes sessile in the axils
of the leaves.
Smooth Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
20 C. AMi'cTUM (Schlecht. in Linnasa, 7. p. 64.) quite gla-
brous ; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, shining, petiolate ;
racemes subspicate, short, bracteate ; calyx glabrous, with acute
teeth, which are ciliated at top ; corolla with a wide, glabrous
throat, 6 times longer than the calyx ; and the segments of the
limb are ovate, acutish, with tomentose sides ; filaments inserted
in the upper part of the tube, furnished with fascicles of retro-
grade hairs at their insertion. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, Sello.
Spurious stipulas small, reniform. This is distinguished from
C. bracteaium in the sinoothness of the parts. Corollas greenish
yellow, an inch long. Leaves almost 5 inches long.
Decked Bastard Jasmine. Siirub.
21 C. BRACTEATUM (Link, ct Otto, abbild. 1. p. 11. t. 6.
Graham, in bot. mag. t. 2974. Schlecht, in Linnjea, 7. p. 64.)
leaves lanceolate, undulated, downv ; flowers fascicled, axillary
and terminal, pedicellate ; false stipulas obliquely cordate,
reniform ; bracteas spatulate ; filainents bearded at the base.
Ij . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro and elsewhere.
Length of racemes variable, but hardly ever exceeding the
leaves. Nearly allied to C. petiolare. Branches covered with
dense, greenish tomentum. Peduncles an inch long ; pedicels
short. Corolla salver-shaped, pale yellow ; tube an inch long ;
segments ovate, acute.
Bracleale-iiovfereA Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1818. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
22 C. ScHLECHTENDA~HLii ; glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated at both ends, acute at apex, rather coriaceous, opaque,
on short petioles ; racemes axillary, sub-spicate ; calyx gla-
SOLANACEiE. XXXVIII. Cestrum.
483
brous, with short, obtuse teeth, which are densely ciliated on
the margins ; corollas glabrous outside, 6 times longer than
tiie calyx; segments of the limb reflexed, triangular, acute;
filaments inserted in the middle of the tube, where they are
also villous ; tube of corolla marked by a villous ring inside
at the base. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, Sello. C. multi-
floruni, Schlecht. in Linnaea, 8. p. 59. but not of Roem. et
Schultes. Leaves 3^ to 5 inches long. This species differs
from C. Icevigiitiim, in the shorter corolla, in the flowers being
more copious, and in the leaves being coriaceous, &c.
Alany-Jiowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
* * * Racemes compound, or panicled ; or the peduncles are
raccmoselij jianiclcd.
23 C. pa'llidum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 688.) glabrous; leaves
ovate, acute ; racemes compound, axillary ; filaments tooth-
less ? ; berry obovale. f; . S. Native of Jamaica. C. vene-
natum, Mill. diet. no. C. — Plukn. aim. 35. t. 64. f. 5. —
Sloane, hist. 2. p. 96. t. 204. Flowers small, like those of C.
diurnum, pale yellow. Leaves like those of C. Itmrifolium,
and the fruit like that of C. vcsperlinum. Leaves H inch
long, dark green. Racemes dense, shorter than the leaves.
Segments of corolla short, bluntish. Berry violaceous, or dark
blue, poisonous, ex Sloane.
Fale-ftowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
24 C. panicula'tum (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 62. VVilld. rel.
ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 807.) twining ; leaves twin,
ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous ; panicles terminal, simple ;
branches divaricate ; flowers pedicellate ; tube of corolla very
slender ; segments linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; filaments
naked, toothless. T^ . ^. S. Native in humid places, on the
banks of the river Guayre, near Caraccas. Branches trian-
gular, glabrous. Leaves sometimes solitary, 3-4 inches long,
and 2 broad. Flowers sweet-scented. Teeth of calyx ovate,
acute, ciliated. Corolla greenish white.
Panic/t'f/-flowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub twining.
25 C. sca'ndens (Vahl, eclog. l.p. 24. Willd. spec. 1. p.
1055.) branches scandent; leaves ovate, attenuated, glabrous ;
racemes axillary, rather compound ; filaments naked, toothless,
l; . ^. S. Native of St. Martha, Rohr. Branches terete, gla-
brous. Leaves petiolate, remote, solitary. Spurious stipulas
none. Segments of the limb subulate.
Climbing Bastard Jasmine. Shrub climbing.
26 C. RACEMosuM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 29. t. 154. f.
b.) leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, glabrous ; racemes short,
compound, solitary, or by threes ; the middle one very long ;
filaments toothless. ? fj . S. Native of Peru, in groves.
Trunk glabrous, 1 h foot high ; branches elongated. Petioles
twisted a little. Calyx small. Berry violaceous, globose, con-
taining 4 oblong brown seeds.
Jiacetnose-dowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
27 C. LONGIFLORUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 28. t. 154. f.
a.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, shining and glabrous above, but
woolly beneath while young ; peduncles terminal, paniculately
racemose ; corolla with a very long, curved tube ; filaments
toothless. ? Tj . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Branches
downy. Branches of panicle bearing 4-6 pedicellate flowers.
Bracteas solitary, lanceolate. Corolla 1;t inch long, purplish ;
margins of limb woolly ; tube glabro\is. Berry rather large,
ovate, obscure, purple, containing many small, angular seeds.
Long-flonered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
28 C. strigilla'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 29. t. 156.)
clothed with short strigose tomentum ; leaves cordate, acute ;
peduncles twin, racemoscly panicled, the one shorter than the
other ; filaments naked, toothless. fj . S. Native of Peru, in
groves. Leaves pendulous, glabrous above. Flowers almost
sessile, furnished each with 3 small bracteas. Corolla white,
with a long, incurved tube, very like Jasmine. Berry truncate,
ovate, obscure violet.
Slrigillale Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
* * * * Peduncles corymbose, axillary, or terminal.
29 C. thyrsoi'deum (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 63.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with fine down
beneath ; panicles terminal, corymbose, much-branciied, leafy ;
flowers sessile ; tube of corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx ;
segments of corolla ovate, acute, with inflexed edges ; filaments
naked, toothless. Jj . G. Native of Mexico, in the high plains
near the town of Chalco, at the altitude of 1170 hexapods.
Branches trigonal, canescent from powdery down. Leaves
3-4 inches long, running into the petioles at the base. Teeth
of calyx short, ovate, acute, unequal. Corolla white. Said
to be nearly allied to C. Pdrqui.
Thyrsdiil-fiowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
30 C. auricula'tum (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 71. t. 35. Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 28. t. 155. f. a. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 63.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; petioles biauriculate ; co-
rymbs axillary and terminal, approximate ; corolla downy, with a
very slender tube, and ovate-oblong, acute segments, having in-
flexed edges ; filaments naked, toothless. I7.S. Native of Peru,
in temperate places between Loxa and Malacates, at the altitude
of 1040 hexapods ; and about Lima, where it is used by the
natives externally to cleanse foul ulcers, and internally in the
venereal disease ; they also look upon it as a pectoral ; but it
seems to be a plant of suspicious character, on account of its
belonging to Solanacece. Cestrum Hedii'mda, Lam. diet. 1. p.
687. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 551. C. auriculatum aff'lne,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 230. Hediunda Jasminiano flore, Feuill. per.
2. p. 25. t. 20. f. 2. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 4
inches long. Calyx, peduncles, and pedicels downy. Corolla
white.
^wWc/erf-leaved Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
31 C. multiflorum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. ^JS.)
leaves ovate- lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, pe-
dunculate, one-half shorter than the leaves : filairfents toothless.
Tj . S. Native country unknown. Branches quite smooth,
green. Leaves rather membranous, 21 inches long. Peduncles
downy ; pedicels glabrous. Segments of corolla erect, acute,
rather connivent.
Many-flowered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
§ 2. Filaments furnished each with a sessile gland at the base.
32 C. TOMENTosuM (Lin. suppl. p. 150. Ait. hoit. kew. ed.
2d. vol. 2. p. 3.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, smoothish
above, but clothed with pilose down beneath, and canescent ;
peduncles axillary, short, 4-6-flowered, approximating in the
manner of a spike ; flowers sessile ; calyx tubular, 5-cleft, and
is, as well as the branches, villously tomentose ; filainents fur-
nished each with a gland. !j . S. Native of Peru, between
Vinayaca and the town of Loxa, at the altitude of 1060 hexa-
pods. C. Granadense, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 807. Branches terete, villously tomentose, hoary, as well as
the peduncles. Leaves membranous, green above, glabrous,
and rather scabrous, about 5 inches long, and 2 broad. Seg-
ments of corolla lanceolate, oblong, acute, nearly equal. Corolla
glabrous, greenish ; seginents ovate, acute, with reflexed edges.
Stigma capitately peltate. Berry oval, bisulcate at top, 2-4-
celled, many-seeded, small, almost covered by the permanent
calyx.
Tomentose Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790.
Tree 12 to 18 feet.
3 Q 2
484
SOLANACEiE. XXXVIII. Cestrum.
33 C. Pa'rqui (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 73. t. 36.) leaves lanceolate,
glabrous, attenuated at both ends, acute, or bluntisli, subundu-
lated ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; filaments villous at the
base, and furnished with a tooth. V; . G. Native of Chili, and
the South of Brazil. Schmidt, oestr. baumz. 3. p. 138. t. 15.
Sims, hot. mag. 1770. C. Jamaicense, ft, Lam. diet. 1. p. 688.
C. virgatuni, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 27. Parqui, Feuill. per.
2. p. 72. t. 32. f. 1. Leaves 3-5 inches long, attenuated at both
ends, glabrous. False stipulas narrow. Flowers whitish yel-
low, very fragrant at night. Berry black, nearly globose.
" Peduncles and calyxes sometimes tomentose, but also some-
limes truly naked, except the orifice of the calyxes. Corolline
segments usually reflexed and tomentose on the edges." Schlecht,
in Linnaea, 7. p. 56.
Parqai Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. Shrub
6 to 8 feet.
§ 3. Filaments furnished each with a tooth or toothlet at
their insertion.
34 C. sALiciFOLiuM (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 42. t. 326.) leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; racemes axillary, much shorter
than the leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; filaments furnished each
with a tootidet at the base. Tj . S. Native of America, in
frigid places near La Venta Grande, between Caraccas and the
port of La Guayra, at the altitude of 760 hexapods. Branches
terete, glabrous. Leaves membranous, 5 inches long, and
1 broad. Racemes glabrous. Berry ovate-oblong, size of
a berbery, girded by the calyx at the base. Calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla greenish white, with a slender tube, and spreading, lance-
olate, acutish segments. Filaments free only at top.
Wiltow-leaved Bastard Jasmin. Fl. April, June. Clt. ?
Shrub.
35 C. eua'nthes (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 7. p. 60.) glabrous ;
leaves elliptic, or oblong, attenuated at the base, acutish at the
apex, shining, rather coriaceous, petiolate ; racemes axillary,
rather compound, leafy at the base ; calyx puberulous, with
short, obtuse teeth, which are tomentose at apex ; corollas gla-
brous, 6 times longer than the calyx ; seginents of the limb
oblong, bluntisli ; filaments inserted a little above the base
of the tube, glabrous, rather denticulated. Ij . S. Native of
the South of Brazil, Sello. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Margins
of the segments of the corolla tomentose. Habit of C. multi-
Jlorum, but differs from it in the racemes being sub-compound
and leafy at the base, and in the filaments being glabrous and
sub-denticulated.
Well-Jionered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
36 C. HiRsuVuM (Jacq. schoenbr. .3. p. 41. t. 324.) leaves
oblong, acute, downy above, and tomentose beneath ; spikes
axillary, longer than the petioles ; flowers sessile ; filaments
furnished with a little toothlet at the base. Tj . S. Native
country unknown. Branches and calyx beset with white
hairs. Leaves acute at both ends, S-5 inches long. False
stipulas falcate. Flowers fascicled in small, axillary corymbs.
Calyx 5-tootlied. Corolla with a glabrous, green tube, and
spreading, lanceolate, acute, yellowish segments. Stigma
capitate. Filaments bearded at the base.
Hairy Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 8 feet.
37 C. alaternoi'des (Hort. par. ex Poir. suppl. 2. p. 183.
Hamilt. prod. p. 25. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 555.) leaves
ovate-roundish, obtuse, or subelliptic undulated, coriaceous,
shining, and glabrous above, and cinereous beneath, undulated ;
flowers fascicled, sessile, axillary, lateral, and terminal ; filaments
tooth-letted at the base, tj . S. Native of the Antilles and Trini-
dad. Hook. hot. mag. 2929. Said to be nearly allied to C. macro-
2)hijllum by Hamilt. 1. c. and the leaves size and shape of those
of Rhdmnus alaternus. Branches terete, cinereous. Leaves
1 1 inch long. Corymbs shorter than the leaves. Corolla
greenish yellow ; segments of the limb straight, acutish.
Alaternus-like Bastard Jasmine. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 6 feet.
38 C. exstipula'tum (Ledeb. in Schrad. nov. journ. 4. p.
65.) leaves acuminated, villous; spikes terminal ; filaments each
furnished with a toothlet at the base. Tj . S. Native country
unknown. False stipulas none. Habit of C. auriculatum.
E xstipulate-\ea\ed Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
39 C. undula'tum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 28. t. 155.)
leaves ovate, acute, undulated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary
and terminal, few-flowered ; filaments each furnished with a
tooth at the base. I; . S. Native of Peru, in waste places at
the town of Huanaco. Trunk granular. Peduncles generally
S-flowered. Corolla yellow ; limb downy outside. Anthers
tetragonal. Berry violaceous, 2-celled, about 6-seeded. Seeds
angidar, truncate.
[/nrf«/aierf-leaved Bastard Jasmine. Fl. ? Clt. 1825. Tree
15 feet.
40 C. suberosum (Jacq. schoenbr. 4. p. 26. t. 452.) leaves
oblong, acute, glabrous ; racemes axillary and terminal, com-
pound ; flowers sessile, or nearly so, aggregate ; filaments each
furnished with a bifid tooth at the base. ^ . S. Native country
unknown. Trunk cinereous, corky. Leaves 3-4 inches long.
Corollas pale yellow, sweet-scented. Stigma capitate, umbili-
cate.
Co)A-?/-barked Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
41 C. hi'rtum (Swartz, prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 478.)
leaves subcordate, acute, glabrous above, but hairy beneath, as
well as the branches ; spikes axillary, short, subracemose, 4-6-
flowered ; filaments each furnished with a toothlet at the base ?
^ . S. Native of Jamaica, in woods. Bracteas none. Corolla
with a long slender tube, and ovate, obtuse, connivent segments,
without any toothlets between. Berry black, ovate, downy, 2-
seeded. Calyx 5-toothed. Said to be nearly allied to C. noc-
turnum ; but is distinguished from it in the larger, broader,
wrinkled leaves, and by the spicate crowded flowers,
//«(/•!/ Bastard Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
6 to 9 feet.
42 C. noctu'rnum (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 70.) leaves ovate, or
ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; peduncles subracemose, axil-
lary, about equal in length to the leaves ; filaments each fur-
nished with a tooth at the base. fj • '^- Native of Jamaica
and Chili ; and Mexico, near Jalapa, Schiede. Lam. diet. 1 . p.
687. Jasminoides foliis pishaminis, flore virescente, noctu odo-
ratissimo. Dill. elth. p. 183. t. 153. f. 185.— Plukn. aim. t. 64.
f. 3. ? Bark of trunk grey, corky at base. Branches terete,
glabrous, dotted, green or greyish-brown. Leaves very like
tliose of the orange. Corolla glabrous, greenish-yellow, with a
slender, curved tube, and bluntisli, rather irregular segments.
Berry nearly globose, size of a pea, white, ex Lam.
Night-smeWmg Bastard Jasmine. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1732.
Shrub 6 to 9 feet.
43 C. macrophy'llum (Vent, choix. t. 18.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, quite glabrous; flowers fascicled, sessile;
filaments each furnished with a toothlet at the base. fj . S.
Native of the Antilles, Porto Ricco, Riedle. Pers. ench. 1. p.
230. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 183. This is nearly allied to C. lauri-
Jblium, and is probably a variety of it; the leaves are, however,
much larger, and less approximate, hardly coriaceous. The
flowers are cream-coloured at the time of expansion, but at
length pale yellow, or rusty, rising above the articulations of
the petioles. Bracteas linear, clothed with rusty tomentum,
deciduous.
SOLANACE^E. XXXVIII. Oestrum. XXXVIII. faj Acokantiiera.
485
Long-leaved Bastard Jasmine. Fl. May, Aug, Clt. 1812.
Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
44' C. vestioi'des (Schleclu, in Linnaea, 7. p. Go.) branches
downy ; leaves oblong, nearly sessile, much attenuated at the
base, bluntish at apex, rather coriaceous, glabrous above, and
puberulous beneath ; racemes terminal, leafy ; calyx glabrous,
with short, broad, subbarbately mucronulate teeth ; corollas gla-
brous, 3-4 times longer than tiie calyx : segments of the limb
ovate, bluntish ; filaments furnished each with a villous tooth at
their insertion, villous upwards to the middle of the tube. 1j .
S. Native of Brazil, Sello. This is an elegant and showy
species.
Vestia-like Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
45 C. hirte'llum (Schlecht, in Linnaea, 4. p. 6;i.) branchlets
hairy; leaves acute, and attenuated at the base, acuminated at the
apex, membranous,shining,petiolate, downy on the primary nerves
wliile young, but at length glabrous ; i-acemes short, axillary,
subspicate ; calyx hairy, with elongated, triangular, very acute
teeth, having the edges ciliated ; corolla glabrous outside, S
times longer than the calyx : segments of the limb narrow,
acutish ; filaments inserted in the superior part of the tube, gla-
brous, each furnished with an emarginate or 2-lobed toothlet,
J^ . S. Native of Mexico, in the province of Jalapa, near the
Hacienda de La Laguna. Corolla slender, greenish-white.
Habit of C. dumetorum.
Hairy Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
46 C. DUMETORUM (Schleclit, in Linnsea, 7. p. Gl.) branches
glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, acute at the base, and
rather unequal, opaque, downy beneath, usually bearded at the
axils, petiolate ; racemes axillary and terminal, usually twin ;
calyx villous, with acute, rather unequal segments, which are to-
mentose at top ; corollas glabrous outside, 3 times longer than
the calyx ; segments of the limb acute ; filaments inserted in
the upper part of the tube, glabrous, furnished each with a
toothlet ; lower part of tube clothed with retrograde down, h .
S. Native of Mexico, among bushes near Vera Cruz and San
Pablo, Schiede and Deppe. Tube of corolla slender. Leaves
4-5 inches long. Fruit ovoid, conical, glabrous.
Bush Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
47 C. LAURiFOLiuM (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 69. t. 34.) glabrous;
leaves coriaceous, shining, ovate or elliptic, obtuse ; flowers fas-
cicled, pedicellate, on common peduncles, which are shorter than
the petioles ; filaments each furnished with a toothlet at the
base. Lam., or naked, ex Willd. enum. 1. p. 245. Pj . S. Na-
tive of South America. Smith, spicil. 2. t. 2. C. venenatum.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 688. no. 5. exclusive of the syn. of Burm. and
country. Laureola latifolia floribus albicantibus odoratis, Plukn.
phyt. t. 95. f. 1. ex Willd. ; but according to Lam. it refers to
C. diurnum. Leaves dark green, 1 \ inch long ; petioles rufes-
cent. Flowers yellowish, in axillary, subsessile fascicles at the
tops of the branches ; segments ovate, bluntish, spreading.
Laurel-leaved Bastard Jasmine. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1691.
Shrub 6 to 9 feet.
•f- Species liardly known.
48 C, fce'tidum (Medic, act. palat. 4. phys. p. 192.) corymbs
sessile, leafy, terminating the branches. fj . S. Perhaps the
same as C. vesperllnum.
Fetid Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
49 C. NERVOSUM (iNlill. diet. no. 3.) leaves lanceolate, oppo-
site, with transverse nerves ; peduncles branched. Ij . S. Na-
tive of Carthagena. Jasmiuoides Americanum lauri folio, flore
albo odorato, Houst. rass. I/eaves 4 inches long, smooth, pale
green. Peduncles axillary, 4-5-flowered. Corolla inflated in
the middle of the tube, and coarctate above ; segments broad-
flat, spreading, white, scentless.
Nerved-leaved Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
50 C. spica'tum (Mill. diet. no. 4.) leaves ovate-lanceolate;
flowers spicate, alar, and terminal. V^ • S. Native of Cartha-
gena. Leaves 2^ inches long, and Ig broad. Flowers inodor-
ous. Berry globose, purplish, size of a pea; pulp grateful to
the taste. Seeds flat.
Spicate-^ov/ered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
51 C. MuTi'sii (Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
807.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; peduncles many-
flowered, lateral, aggregate. h . S. Native of America, on
Mount Quindiu. Humb. et Bonpl.
Mulis's Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
52 C. PARViFOLiu.M (Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, 1. c. p.
808.) leaves elliptic, subundulated, glabrous, coriaceous, shining
above ; flowers aggregate, sessile, nearly terminal. Tj . S. Na-
tive country unknown.
Small-leaved Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
53 C. PAUciFLORUM (Willd. rel. ex Kcem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 808.) leaves oblong-ovate, downy ; heads terminal, few-
flowered. Pj • S- Native country unknown.
Few-Jlomered Bastard Jasmine. Shrub.
54 C. AUGUSTiFOLiUM (Lodd. hot. cab. 618.) fj , S. Native
of the West Indies. Flowers white. This species is hardly
known, and may be synonymous with some other species.
Narrow-leaved BastaxA iasmme, Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. These are shrubs of the most easy culture ; they grow
well in any rich light soil ; and are readily increased by cut-
tings, under a hand-glass, in heat.
XXXVIIICaj. ACOKANTHFRA (from aKw,,-,,, acoce, a mu-
crone ; and avOijpa, anthera, an anther ; anthers niucronate.)
Lycium species, Thunberg.
LiN. sysT. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx divided even to
the base into 5 segments. Corolla with a villous throat.
Anthers terminated by a mucrone. Stigma elongated, papilli-
form, pilose. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 1-ovulate. — Shrubs, na-
tives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves nearly opposite, as in
AjMcynece. Branches terminated by a spine, as in Lycium.
Flowers in axillary, sessile fascicles, rarely solitary.
1 A. venfna'ta ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, coriaceous ;
corymbs sessile, axillary, usually 8-flowered? fj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Cestrum venenatum, Thunb. prod.
1. p. 36. fl. cap. 1. p. 193. Cestrum citrifoliuin, Retz. phyt.
bl. 1. p. 36. Leaves shining, glabrous. Bracteas subulate.
Corolla yellowish. Segments of corolla convolute, subulate,
erect, tipped with brown, expanding in the afternoon. C. fasci-
cularis, Hort. berol ?
Powonous Aconanthera. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1787. Shrub
6 to 7 feet.
2 A. Lama'rkii ; leaves lanceolate, nerved, rather coriaceous ;
flowers in axillary sessile fascicles. fj . G, Native of Africa,
Sonnerat. Cestrum oppositifolium. Lam. ill. 2. no. 2279. t.
112. f. 2. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 182. Branches terete, striated.
Leaves nearly sessile, 2 inches and vnore long. Corolla small,
with a slender tube, and short segments.
Lamark's Aconanthera. Shrub.
3 A. LYCiofoEs ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, narrowed at the
base, in fascicles ; flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile. 1; .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cestrum lycioides,
Lichtenst. spicil. fl. cap. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p.
558. Branches obsoletely tubercular, when young glabrous and
leafy. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments erect, linear, acute, hardly at-
taining the height of the middle of the corolla. Corollas white ;
tube an inch long; segments of the limb acute, revolute. An-
thers iucinnbent, exserted. Stigma capitate.
Box-Thorn-like Aconanthera. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
486
SOLANACEvE. XXXIX. Dunalia. XL. Meyenia. XLI. Dartus. XLII. Vestia.
4 A. pube'scens ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, atte-
nuated at the base in fascicles, pubescent ; flowers axillary, soli-
taryj nearly sessile. ^ . G. Native of tlie Cape of Good
Hope. Cestrum pubescens, Licbt. 1. c. Stature of the pre-
ceding ; but the branches are more rigid ; the branchlets short,
and pungent at top, or leafy. Spines as those of some spe-
cies of Lyc'ium. Flowers size, colour, and shape of those of A.
lycioidcs; but the calyx is downy, and more deeply divided.
Downy Aconanthera. Slirub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Crabowskia, p. 481.
XXXIX. DUNAXIA. (named in honour of Michael Felix
Dunal, M.D. professor of botany at Montpelier ; author of
" Histoire Naturelle, Medicale, et Economique des Solanum, et
des genres qui ont ete confondus avec eux." Paris, 1813 ; and
several other works.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. S. p. 55. t.
194.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 5-
toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube elongated, nearly cylin-
drical; limb 5-cleft, plicate. Stamens 5, inclosed; filaments
tripartite ; lateral segments capillary : middle one antheriferous.
Anthers dehiscing lengthwise. Style exserted ; stigma capi-
tate, emarginate. Berry globose, 2-celled, propped by the per-
manent calyx ; placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds
many, lenticular, reniform, compressed, smooth. — A shrub, with
alternate, solitary, nearly entire leaves, floccosely tomentose
from stellate down. Umbels extra-axillary, sessile. Corolla
whitish.
1 D. solana'cea (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 56. t. 194.) Jj .
.S. Native of New Granada, in shady places near Fusagasuga,
at Hato del Quemado, at the altitude of 800 hexapods. Habit
of Witherhigia ; but the structure of the flowers is that of Ces~
Inun ; distinguished from all the other genera of the present
order by the tripartite filaments. Branches glabrous. Leaves
petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded and unequal at the
base, glabrous and green above, nearly 10 inches long.
Solanaceous Dunalia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cestrum, p. 485.
XL. MEYE'NIA (meaning unknown to us.) Schlecht, in
Linnaea, 8. p. 251.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogjnia. Calyx campanulate,
almost regular, 5-toothed, permanent, valvular in eestivation.
Corolla clavately tubular ; limb 5-toothed, contracted, erect,
conduplicate in Eestivation. Genitals inclosed. Stamens 5, re-
gular ; filaments free from the middle of the tube, naked ; an-
thers oval-roundish, fixed by the back, 2-celled ; cells near each
other. Ovarium girded by a fleshy ring ? Stigma sub-bilobed,
subcapitate. Berry propped by the permanent spreading calyx,
which is sometimes cleft lengthwise, 2-celled. Some of the
seeds irregularly oval. Embryo straight, with roundish, folia-
ceous, flat cotyledons in the centre of the albumen, having the
radicle pointing to the bilum. — Shrubs, natives of Mexico.
Leaves alternate, quite entire, beset with articulated hairs.
Flowers red, irregularly cymose.
1 M. fascicula'ta (Schlecht, 1. c.) shrub clothed with to-
mentose down ; flowers cymosely fascicled. ^ . S. Native of
Mexico, near Chiconquiaco. Leaves petiolate, broad, ovate,
acute, very variable in size, usually 3-4 inches long, and li to 2
broad. Flowers scarlet, forming fascicles or racemes at the tops
of the branches. Berry cuneated at the base. Seeds variable
in shape from position and compression, wrinkled longitudi-
nally.
Fasc'icled-RowereA Meyenia. Shrub.
2 M. coRYMBOSA (Schlecht, 1. c. p. 252.) glabrous ; flowers
disposed in elongated corymbs. H . S. Native along with the
preceding, which it is very like ; but differing in being glabrous.
Leaves variable, the largest one 5 inches long, and 2 broad, but
generally smaller. Calycine segments nearly subidate. Corolla
red or scarlet.
Cor?/)«6ose-flowered Meyenia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cestrum above.
XLL DA'RTUS (from caproe, dartos, excoriated ; bark of
fruit deciduous.) Lour. coch. p. 124. ed. Willd. 1. p. 152.
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 55.
LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg-
ments ovate, membranous. Corolla with a subglobose tube,
which is longer than the calyx, and a 5-cleft limb ; segments
ovate, spreading. Filaments inserted into the middle of the
tube, inclosed. Style very short ; stigma 5-lobed. Berry
small, round, excoriated, diaphanous, 1 -celled, many-seeded.
Seeds small, unequal. — A shrub, with alternate, serrated, large
leaves ; and small, axillary, oblong rucemes of white flowers.
Root reddish, rather aromatic.
1 D. perla'rius (Lour. 1. c.) (j . G. Native of Cochin-
china, in shady places on the banks of rivers. Perlarius alter,
Rumph. amb. lib. C. cap. 62. p. 122. t. 57. Branches ascend-
ing. Leaves oblong-ovate, soft from tomentum beneath, with
oblique ribs ; petioles rufous.
Pearl-hexneA Dartus. Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cestrum, p. 486.
§ 2. Pericarp capsular.
XLIL VE'STIA (named after Dr. Vest, of Clagenfurth.)
Willd. emun. 1. p. 208. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.
Schlecht, in Linnsea, 7. p. 53.
Lin. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
regular, 5-toothed, permanent, valvular in aestivation. Corolla
tubular ; limb 5-parted, regular, conduplicate in eestivation.
Genitals exserted : filaments free from the middle of the tube,
villous under the place of insertion, the rest glabrous, variously
curved before the expansion of the flowers ; anthers oval, de-
hiscing lengthwise. Ovarium girded by a fleshy, glabrous, 5-
tubercled ring, 2-celled, many-ovulate ; ovula fixed to a thick
central placenta. Stigma capitate ? hardly bifid. Capsule
girded by the calyx, and hardly larger than it, cylindrical, very
blunt, marked lengthwise by 4 smooth furrows, which are dis-
posed crosswise, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves at length bifid ; pla-
centas 2, adnate to the middle of the dissepiment, semi-globose.
Seeds numerous. — A deciduous, erect, glabrous, fetid shrub,
with ovate-lanceolate, entire leaves. Peduncles solitary, 2-3-
flowered, terminal, and from the axils of the upper leaves,
drooping. Corolla tubular, yellow, with a villous throat.
1 V. LYCIOI DES (Willd. 1. C.)
H. Native of Chili, about
Conception, and elsewhere.
Cantua ligustrifolia, Juss. ann.
mus. 3. p. 118. Cantua foe'tida,
Pers. encli. 1. p, 187. Peri-
phragmos foe'tidus, Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 17. t. 132. Ces-
trum vespertinum, Hort. valent.
Calyx violaceous. Capsule pen-
dulous, 2-3-celled.
Dox-Thorn-like Vestia. Fl.
June. Clt. 1815. Shrub 3 to
6 feet.
Cult. Vestia is a very pretty
hardy shrub, growing freely in
summer, but requiring a little
protection in winter, if severe.
It is readily propagated by cut-
FIG. 44.
SOLANACE.E. XLIII. Sessea. XLIV. Fabiana. XLV. Laureria. XLVI. Lamarkia.
IS'
tings, uniler a hand-glass, or by seeds, which lipen in plenty in
this country.
XLIII. SE'SSEA (named in honour of Martin Sesse, for-
merly director of the botanic garden of Mexico.) Ruiz, et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 9. t. 115. f. b. and t. 116.
Lin. syst. Pentandiia, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, penta-
gonal, .5-toothed ; teeth ovate. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube
twice as long as the calyx, with a globose orifice, and plicate
limb ; segments straight, ovate, with convolute margins. Fila-
ments curved at the base, villous. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes un-
equal. Capsule cylindrical, a little arched, twice as long as the
calyx, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bifid. Seeds numerous, im-
bricate, oblong, compressed, with membranous edges. — Branch-
ed, fetid shrubs, natives of I'eru, with the habit of Cislrum.
Leaves alternate, entire. Racemes axillary and terminal ; pe-
dicels corymbose. Corollas yellow.
1 S. STiPutA'TA (Ruiz, et I'av. fl. per. 2. p. 9. t. 115. fig. b.)
leaves lanceolate and cordate ; false stipulas large, ovate, ob-
tuse, deciduous ; racemes axillary and terminal ; pedicels co-
rymbose. Tj . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Leaves
petiolate : superior ones narrower, ovate, acuminated, 3-5 inches
long, and 1-2 broad, glabrous above, and clothed with white to-
mentnni beneath. Racemes and calyxes woolly. Corolla vil-
lous, yellow, twice as long as the calyx.
Stipulate Sessea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
2 S. depe'ndens (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 9. t. 116.)
leaves cordate-oblong ; false stipulas wanting ; racemes very
long, pendulous ; pedicels usually 3-flovvered. fj . G. Native
of Peru, on the banks of rivers. Branches pendent. Leaves
like those of the preceding, but powdery beneath, 3-4 inches
long, and 2 broad. Calyx powdery. Corolla yellowish, twice
as long as the calyx.
Hcnigiiig-hvanched Sessea. Tree 25 to 30 feet.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Cestrum, p. 486.
XLIV. FABIA'NA (named in honour of Francisco Fabiano,
of Valencia in Spain, a promoter of botany.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 12. t. 122. f. b. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. hot.
p. 35.
LiN. svsT. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-an-
gled, 5-toothed, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a very
long tube, and a short, 5 -cleft, plicate, revolute limb. Stamens
5, 2 longer than the other 3. Stigma capitate, emarginate. Cap-
sule ovate, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds wrinkled, dotted. —
Shrubs, with a habit like Tdmarix. Leaves scattered, or in
fascicles, ovate or linear. Flowers terminal, solitary, peduncu-
late.
1 F. imbrica'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c.) leaves small, ovate, ses-
sile, concave, scale-formed, imbricate ; flowers terminal, solitary ;
segments of the limb of corolla short, obtuse, reflexed. T^ . F.
Native of Chili, in fields. Pers. ench. 1. p. 176. Poir. suppl,
2. p. 625. Shrub much branched. Corolla lilae, about an inch
long.
/mfiWca^e-leaved Fabiana. Shrub.
2 F. lanuginosa (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
35.) branches woolly from white tomentum ; leaves linear, in
fascicles, very blunt, fleshy, spreading; calyx woolly; segments
of the limb of corolla oblong, reflexed. I; . F. Native of
Chili, at Coquimbo. Flowers axillarv, pedunculate, hardly the
length of the leaves. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, with unequal,
linear, obtuse segments. Corolla glabrous. Stigma oblong,
capitate.
JVooll'j Fabiana. Shrub.
3 F. viscosA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 36.)
clothed with clammy down ; leaves scattered, narrow-linear.
spreading, obtuse, channelled on the b'.ok ; peduncles terminal ;
fruit-bearing ones erect. f? . F. Native of Chili, near Ba-
rasca, where it is called PichaniUa. This comes very near /'.
thymifolia, St. Hil, Capsule 2-valvcd ; margins of the valves
bent in so as to form 2 cells, and bifid at apex. Receptacle
central, becoming free from the dissepiment, and split through
the middle, entire at the summit.
Clammy Fabiana. Shrub.
4 F. THYMIFOLIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 12. p. 317. t. 9.)
plant hairy and clammy ; leaves small, linear, nerveless, scat-
tered, bluntish ; peduncles subaxillary, at first erect, but at
length bent. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio
Grande do Sul. Corolla yellow at bottom, and dirty purple
above.
Thyme- leaved Fabiana. Shrub 5 to 1 foot.
Cttlt. These are very singular shrubs ; they will grow in any
light rich earth. They are rather hardy, and may be grown in
the open air during summer ; and they probably would stand
our winters if protected by a mat, or the haulm of herbaceous
plants, during frosts ; and they will be readily propagated by
cuttings, under a hand-glass, or by seed.
XLV. LAURE'RIA (meaning unknown to us.) Schlecht,
in Linnsea, 8. p. 513.
LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, alately
pentagonal, permanent. Corolla tubular, with a short, 5-lobed,
straight limb. Stamens 5, inclosed, villous at their insertion ;
anthers linear, fixed by the base. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule
2-celled, 2-valved ? Seeds numerous, full of impressed dots,
fixed to short lamelliform processes or placentas, which are
attached to the dissepiment. Embryo cylindrical, curved. — A
shrub, with alternate leaves, beset with stellate hairs. Flowers
lateral, solitary.
1 L. Mexica'na (Schlecht, I. c.) Fj . G. Native of Mex-
ico, at the Hacienda de La Laguna. Leaves ovate or broad-lan-
ceolate, 4-6 inches long, and 2-3 broad.
Mexican Laureria. Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cestrum, p. 486.
XLVI. LAMA'RKIA (named in honour of Jean Baptist
Monet de la Mark, author of " Flore Francaise." 3 vols.
Paris, 1778. " Encyclopedic Methodique Botanique." 4 vols.
4to. Paris, 1783 — 1796, (but vol. 5 to 8 of this work is by
Poiret, Paris, 1804 — 1808. He is author of many other
works on botany, and other branches of natural history.) Roeiri.
et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 28. Markea, Richard, in act. soc. hist.
nat. par. 107.
LiN. sYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx long, tubular,
pentagonally prismatic, semiquinquelid. Corolla nearly funnel-
shaped ; limb spreading, equally and bluntly 5-parted. Stamens
equal, length of tube. Capsule oblong, terete, coarctate at top,
many-seeded. — A glabrous shrub, with oblong-obovate, acumi-
nated, shining leaves, which are bluntly rounded at the base.
Corollas scarlet.
1 L. cocci'nea (Richard. 1. c. under Markea. Poir. suppl. 3.
p. 293.) Jj . S. Native of Cayenne.
Scarlet-RoweTed Lamarkia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cestrum, p. 486.
j- Addenda to Order Solanacece.
1 Sola'num quercifolium (Schum. pi. guin. p. 121.) suffru-
ticose, unarmed ; leaves twin, ovate, somewhat repand, clothed
with stellate down ; racemes simple, infra-foliaceous, di^iich.
fj.S. Native of Guinea. Stem 2 feet. Leaves 4-S inches.
Corolla white, size of those of S. dulcamara; segments ovate-
lanceolate. Berry tomentose, 2-4- celled, size of a plum.
488
VERBASCIN^. I. Verbascum.
Oak-leaved Nightshade. Shrub.
2 SoLA~NUM Di'sTicHUM (Schum. pi. guifi. p. 122.) shrubby,
unarmed, tomentose ; leaves ovate, subrepand ; racemes simple,
infra-foliaceous, distich. Tj . S. Native of Guinea, at Aquapim.
Leaves twin : tomentum stellate. Corollas size of those of S.
nigrum, white. Fruit size of bilberries, globose, glabrous,
scarlet.
Z)!s<ic/i-racemed Nightshade. Shrub 6 feet.
3 Sola'num A'tropo (Schum. pi. guin. p. 124.) sub-herbace-
ous, unarmed ; leaves obovate, cuneated, angularly-repand,
acutish, glabrous ; peduncles opposite the leaves, usually twin,
1 -flowered. 0.? S. Native of Guinea. Stem branched,
glabrous. Corollas pale blue, size of those of S. tuberosum ;
limb entire, plicate, having the angles ending each in a subulate
point. Berry size of an apple, dirty yellow. Leaves 3-6
inches long. A'lropo is the vernacular name of the plant.
Allied to iS'. Melongcna.
^/iropo Nightshade. PI. 2 feet?
4 Sola'num edu'le (Schum. pi. guin. p. 125.) sub-herbace-
ous, unarmed ; leaves ovate, repandly-toothed, oblique, clothed
with stellate tomentum ; peduncles twin ; calyx rather prickly.
0. ? S. Native of Guinea. Stem beset with adpressed, stel-
late hairs. Racemes usually opposite the leaves. Corollas pale
violet, size of those of S. tuberosum ; limb of 5 acuminated
angles. Berry size of an apple, nearly globose, yellow. Nearly
allied to S. Melongena and S. insanum.
Edible Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
5 Sola'num dasyphy'llum (Schum. pi. guin. p. 126.) sub-
herbaceous, rather prickly ; leaves broad-cuneated, angularly-
lobed, hairy, and are, as well as the calyxes, prickly ; racemes
opposite the leaves, few-flowered. 0. S. Native of Guinea,
where it is called by the natives Alropo-Bah. Leaves nearly
sessile, almost a foot long. Prickles subulate, straight. Co-
rollas rotate, blue, villous outside, size of those of S. tuberosum ;
limb acutely 5-angled. Berry nearly globose, size of an apple.
Allied to S. Melongena.
Thick-leaved Nightshade. PI. 2 feet.
6 Sola'num runcinaVum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 36. D.
Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 177.) unarmed; leaves pinnati-
fid, smoolhish ; panicles cymose ; stigma clavate ; calycine seg-
ments ligulate, recurved; stems herbaceous, difflise. 1^. H.
Native of Peru. — Feuill. per. 1. p. 722. t. 15. Corolla viola-
ceous, 5-lobed. Perhaps the same as S. pinnalum, Cav.
Rtmcinate-\eaved Nightshade. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1832.
PI. diffuse.
Order CLXX. VERBA'SCINiE (this order contains plants
agreeing with the genus Verlmscum in iinportant characters.)
Nees ab Esenbeck, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 78. Solanefe genera,
Juss. gen. p. 123. edit. Ustcri. p. 139. Scrophularineae, tribe
A. Verbasceae, Bartl. and Rclib. — See R. Br. prod. p. 444.
Corolla rotate, with a flat, 5-cleft, unequal limb, or ventricose,
with a bilabiate limb. Stamens 5, of different forms ; of these
the upper one is sometimes sterile or wanting. Anthers 1-celled,
adnate to a hatchet-shaped connective. Carpels 2, joined into a
capsule, which opens from the apex. Endocarp changing into a
bipartible dissepiment. Placenta marginal, combined into a central
column, which is free from the margins, and constituting the axis
of the dissepiment, and which is rather prominent in the hollow
of both carpels. Seeds many, reniform, albuminose. Embryo
a little arched, central. — Perennial or biennial herbs, of a mu-
cilaginous substance. Leaves alternate, usually decurrent or
opposite, on a straight or twiggy stem. Flowers disposed in
terminal, usually elongated racemes or spikes, propped by the
decreasing leaves. Corollas white, yellow, or purple. Fila-
ments usually bearded.
This order differs principally from SolancicetB in the 1-celled,
reniform, or oblong anthers, which are sometimes bent in and
complicate, often unequal, and of different forms in the same
flower ; it also differs from Schrophuldrince by the same
reason.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Verba'scum. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate or funnel-
shaped. Stamens 5, inclinate, usually bearded, all antherifer-
ous. Anthers lunate.
2 Ramondia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, rather un-
equal. Stamens 5, all antheriferous, approximate, bearded ?
Anthers perforated at the apex.
3 Ce'lsia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate. Perfect sta-
mens 4, didynamous, bearded; anthers lunate.
4 Isanthe'ra. Flowers polygamous. Corolla in the male
flowers rotate, in the female wanting. Stamens equal, glabrous ;
anthers reniform, dehiscing by a vertical chink.
I. VERBA'SCUM (of Pliny, who deduces it from Ferbena ;
but according to others, it should have been Barbdscum, from
the bearded filaments. Hence it is called Barbasso in Italian ;
and one species is called Thdpsus barbatus by some old authors.)
Tourn. inst. t. 61, Lin. gen. no. 245. Schreb. gen, no. 331.
Juss. gen. p. 124. ed. Usteri, p. 139. Ga^rtn. fruct. t. 55.
Lam. ill. 117. f. 2. Schrad. verb, in colum. soc. goett. vol. 2.
1813. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 79. — Blaltaria, Tourn.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla rotate or funnel-shaped. Stamens 5, all antheriferous, in-
clinate, usually bearded. Anthers all or only some of them in
the same flower, lunate. Capsule 2-valved ; valves bent in.
Seeds fixed to the central placenta. — Usually strong, erect, pe-
rennial, or biennial herbs. Leaves broad, usually decurrent,
decreasing in size as they ascend the stem, until they become
bracteas. Flowers yellow, white, purple, or copper-coloured,
disposed in elongated, dense or loose, racemes or spikes.
§ I. Leaves decurrent. Floners disposed in dense spikes.
1 V. Tha'psus (Lin. spec. p. 252.) leaves crenulated, decur-
rent, lanceolate-oblong, tomentose : superior ones acute ; ra-
cemes spicale, dense ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute, to-
mentose above, equal in length to the fruit ; corolla subrotate,
with oblong, obovate, obtuse segments ; anthers nearly equal.
$ . H. Native throughout Europe, Siberia, Tauria, and Cauca-
sus, in sterile and waste places, especially on a gravelly or cal-
careous soil ; plentiful in Britain, in like situations ; also of
Nipaul and Kamaon. Smith, engl. bot. t. 549. Oed. fl. dan.
t. 631. Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 136. t. 42. Woodv. med. bot.
p. 342. t. 125. V. lychnitis, Schultz, starg. no. 185. V. pal-
lidum, Nees, in flora, 2. p. 295. V. I'ndicum, Wall. cat. no.
2630. B. C. and F.— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 91. no. 415.— Hall. helv.
no. 581.— Blackw. herb. t. 3. — Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 9. f. 1.
— Lob. icon. 1. p. 561. Plant soft from tomentum in every
part. Lower leaves a foot long. Racemes densely spiked, fas-
cicled, simple, or branched, often 3 feet long. Corolla yellow.
VERBASCIN^. I. Verbascum.
489
The 3 smaller filaments densely clotlied with wliite hairs; but
the 2 larger ones but sparingly so in the tnidtlle. This plant is
very apt to run into mules by the impregnation of other species.
The leaves and whole herb are mucilaginous, and recommended
as emollients, both internally and externally. A ))int of cow's
milk, with a handful of the leaves, either of this or any allied
species, boiled in it to half a pint, sweetened with sugar, strain-
ed, and taken at bed-time, is a pleasant emollient, and nutritious
medicine for allaying a cough, and more particularly for taking
off the ])ain and irritation of haemorrhoids. It is often applied
externally in this disorder ; and is used as an injection in tenes-
n)us with advantage. In diarrhoeas of an old standing, a decoc-
tion of it is useful to ease the pains of the intestines : two ounces
of the leaves are boiled in a quart of water, and t ounces are
given every 3 hours. In pulmonary complaints of cattle it is
found to be of great use ; and hence its name of Cow's Ltmg-
wort. It is well known to the country cow-leeches under the
name of Murrain-grass, which is a corruption of Mullien. The
French call it Bouillon blanc, and use an infusion of the flowers
in coughs, supposing them to possess anodyne and pectoral vir-
tues. It does not seem to have much of the narcotic powers for
which the Solanarcce are distinguislied. The seeds, however,
are said to stupify fish so much that they may be taken with the
hand — Woodville. In the East Indies, the natives have the
superstitious notion of the efficacy of this plant in protecting
them from the visitation of evil spirits.
The plant has many names in English. Gerarde enumerates
Mullien, or rather lloollen, Hig-taper, Torches, Lmig-iroorf, Bul-
lock's Lung-woort, and Hare's Beanie. Witliering adds Ladies'
Foxglorc. It is probable that Gerarde's correction o( Mullien to
If'oollen is right, especially as it is called in Dutch Wullhrmtt. The
French name Molcne is probably borrowed from our word Mullien.
Hig-taper is altered to High-taper in all modern books, sup-
posing it to have been so named from its high tapering stem ;
but in the North it is called Hag-taper, probably from its sup-
])osed efficacy in sorcery.
lar. ft; flowers white. (J . H. V. elongatum, Willd. enum.
1. p. i-Zu. V. II. flore albo, Tahern. krauter. p. 956. with a
figure.
Var. y ; leaves narrower. ,J . H. V. angustius, Dodon.
hist. p. 143. with a figure.- — Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 9. f. 7.
Sclirank, in Hoppe, taschen. 1S09. p. 90.
Shepherd' s-Club, or Common Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Bri-
tain. PI. 3 to 6 feet.
2 V. I'ndicum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 236. cat. no.
2630. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 80.) leaves deciirrent, ellip-
tic-oblong, crenated, imdulated, clothed with woolly tomentum ;
racemes spicate, dense ; bracteas and calyxes woolly, cuspidate,
longer than the fruit; corolla subrotate, with roundish segments;
anthers nearly equal. $ . H. Native of Nipaul. V. Thap-
sus, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. c. Flowers yellow. Nearly allied to /'.
Thdpsus, but perfectly distinct.
Indian Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. ? PI. 3 to 4 feet.
3 V. macrou'rum (Tenore, fl. neap. prod. 5. ex Linnsea, 3.
p. 98.) leaves decurrent, elliptic, crenulated, clothed with white
tomentum ; spike very dense and very long, usually simple ;
bracteas ovate-lanceolate, about equal in length to the calyx ;
corolla funnel-shaped, wiili orbicidar segments, which are woolly
beneath ; filaments clothed with yellow wool ; anthers about
equal. $ . H. Native of Calabria, at the foot of the moun-
tains. This species differs from I'. Thdpsus, in the spikes being
much more crowded; in the flowers being altogether sessile,
imbricate; in the corolla being twice the size: in the filaments
being equal, and densely woollv.
Long-tailed iMullien. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
4 V. THAPSiFORMF, (Sclirad. verb, p. 21.) leaves decurrent,
VOL. IV.
crenulated, tomentose : superior ones acuminated ; racemes spi-
cate, dense ; corolla rotate, with obovate-rounded segments.
$ . H. Native of Lower Saxony, in waste sterile places; and
not far from Paris. V. intermedium, Leman, ined. V. Thap-
sus, Merat, fl. par. p. 85. no. 407. Habit of F. Thdpsus.
Tomentum yellowish-green. Lower leaves 4 to 6 inches long.
Racemes more than a span long, simple. Flowers twin, or by
threes, rarely solitary, sweet-scented, form and colour of those
of V. phlomoldes. I'he 2 longer filaments naked, or furnished
with a few hairs on the inner side, bearing oblong anthers ; the
other 3 bearded.
Thapsus-formed Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1817. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
5 V. CRASSIFOLIUM (HoflPm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 213. t. 26.
Schrad. men. p. 22.) leaves decurrent, obsoletely crenulated,
densely tomentose : superior ones acutish ; racemes spicate,
dense ; filaments glabrous ; 2 of the anthers oblong. $ . H.
Native of Portugal, in sandy places. V. Thapsus, Brot. fl.
lus. 1. p. 270. Plant densely clotlied with rusty yellow to-
mentum. Stem simple. Lower leaves obovate-elliptic. Very
like /'. thapsiforme, and agreeing with it in the form of the an-
thers ; but it is readily distinguished, in the filaments being all
glabrous. V. crassifolium, of D. C. fl. gall. no. 2C70. exclusive
of the synonymes, may be the same.
Thick-leaved Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1818. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
6 V. cuspida'tum (Schrad. verb. p. 23. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves de-
current, crenulated, tomentose : superior ones cuspidate ; fasci-
cles of racemes remote ; 2 of the anthers oblong. $ . H. Na-
tive about Vienna, in mountain groves. V. Thapsus, Bot. vin-
dob. The stem is usually more dwarf than in /'. Thapsus, less
thick, and the leaves and the tomentum thinner. The upper
cauline leaves are drawn out into long taper points. The dispo-
sition and form of the flowers come near to F. phlomoldes.
Fructiferous pedicels about equal in length to the calyx, not
twice as short as in F. Thdpsus. Corolla exactly rotate, with
obovate unequal segments, larger than those of F. Thdpsus, but
smaller than those of F. phlomoldes. The colour of the plant is
pale green, as is generally observed in F. Thdpsus.
CMs/«rfa/e-leaved Mullien. Fl. May, June. CIt. 1817. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
7 V. Ni'vEUM (Tenor, fl. neap. p. 90. t. 22. syn. p. 36. prod,
p. 16. Gussone, pl. rar. 103.) leaves crenated, clothed with
white floccose tomentum ; racemes spicate, dense ; anthers
equal. Schrad. verb. p. 23. Radical leaves petiolate, obo-
vate, cuneated : cauline ones stem-clasping, elliptic, crenated,
clothed with white tomentum on both surfaces ; spike simple,
compact ; filaments bearded with white hairs. ^ . H. Native of
Naples, in the province of di Bari e di Lecce, in pastures; and
of the mountains of Lucania, and of Calabria. The whole plant
white from tomentum, e.xcept the upper surfaces of the adult
leaves, which are green. Flowers yellow, nearly sessile, fasci-
cled. Raceme simple, not branched. All the filaments clothed
with white wool. Leaves never decurrent. There are varieties
of this having the tomentum either white or yellowish.
Snon'-7i'hite MuW'wn. Fl. April, May. CIt. 1823. PI. 3 to
4 feet.
8 V. DENSiFLORUM (Bcrtol. pl. rar. ital. 3. p. 52. Schrad.
verb. p. 24.) leaves tomentose : radical ones long-lanceolate,
crenated, deeply serrated at the base : upper cauline leaves acu-
minated, dentate, seniidecurrent ; racemes spicate, dense ; an-
thers equal ? ^ . H. Native of Italy, on the top of Mount
Bruciana, which is situated between Carraria and Massa. Upper
part of plant clothed with fulvous tomentum. Radical leaves
more than H foot long, green above, but paler beneath. Ra-
ceme simple," more than a foot long, fascicled. Corollas large,
3 R
490
VERBASCINiE. I. Verbascum.
yellow. Filaments clothed with white wool. Capsule tomen-
tose.
Dcnse-jlowered MuUien. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
9 V. THAPsoiDEs (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 214. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Scbrad. verb. p. 25. t. 5. f. 2.) leaves
crenulated, tomentose : radical ones oblong-lanceolate : cauline
ones oblong, acute, semidecurrent ; racemes subspicate ; fasci-
cles of flowers rather crowded ; anthers nearly equal. '2^. H.
Native of Portugal. Stem branched at top ; branches floriferous.
Plant clothed with canescent tomentum. Upper surfaces of the
leaves green in the adult state, and less tomentose. Radical
leaves a span to a foot and more long. One or two of the flowers
in each fascicle usually fertile, the rest sterile. Corolla yellow,
size of those of V. Lyclmilis. Filaments clothed with white
wool. Perhaps J'. Lychnitis, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 272.
Var. /3, iimplex ; stem simple, and more humble. %. H.
V. simplex, Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p. 216. V. dilbium,
Roem. et Schuhes, syst. 4. p. 330.
Thajmts-Uke Um\\\&^. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 4 to
6 feet.
10 V. plantagi'neum (Mor. elench. sard, ex Bull. 14. p.
348.) plant clothed with fulvous tomentum ; leaves obsoletely
crenulated, thick : cauline ones decurrent, crowded, oblong :
radical and lower leaves attenuated into the petioles, ovate-
elliptic, obtuse ; racemes densely spicate ; filaments clothed
with coppery villi. $ . H. Native of Sardinia, on the hills of
Cala and D'Ostia Pula, in arid pastures. Said to be nearly
allied to V. thapsoides.
Plantain-\ea\ed Mullien. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
11 V. gossypi'num (Bieb. fl. cauc. suppl. p. 152.) leaves de-
current, crenulated, green, and rather woolly above, but clothed
with white wool beneath ; racemes simple, tailed ; pedicels fas-
cicled, rather shorter than the calyx. $ . H. Native of Iberia.
Habit of V. gnajjhaloldes ; the down, inflorescence, flowers, and
capsules, are also the same ; but the leaves are narrower, and
the crenae more minute. Filaments copper-coloured ; the 2
shorter ones clothed with white tomentum above the middle ;
the other 3 longer, and naked. Corollas yellow.
7^00% Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 4 to 6
feet.
12 V. macra'nthum (Hoftm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p. 215. t.
27.) leaves crenulated, tomentose : radical ones elliptic-oblong,
attenuated at the base : cauline ones oblong, acute, semidecur-
rent ; fascicles of racemes remote ; two of the anthers oblong.
$ . H. Native of the North of Spain, by way sides. Schrad.
verb. p. 27. Plant tomentose. Leaves green above : radical
ones 3-4 inches long. Racemes a foot long, or more. Corollas
large, showy, yellow, with broad, obovate-roundish, unequal
segments. Filaments clothed with copper-coloured wool; but
the 2 longer ones only at the base.
Large-flowered Mullien. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
13 V. austra'le (Schrad. verb. p. 28. t. 2.) leaves crenated,
tomentose : radical ones oblong-lanceolate, tapering into the
petioles : cauline ones oblong, acute, decurrent : uppermost
ones broad-ovate, . cuspidate, semidecurrent ; fascicles of ra-
cemes remote ; 2 of the anthers oblong. $ . H. Native of
the South of Europe. Plant clothed with tomentum, like V.
phlomoldes. Radical leaves a foot and more long. Racemes
simple, H foot long ; but sometimes, as in strong plants, it is
branched at the base. Flowers sweet-scented. Corolla, calyx,
stamens, and stigma, size, colour, and structure of those of F.
phlomoides.
Southern Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PL 4 to G
feet.
14 V. phlomoi'des (Lin. spec. 253.) leaves crenated, tomen-
tose : radical ones elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, petiolate : cauline
ones oblong, acute : superior ones broad-ovate, cuspidate, stem-
clasping, decurrent ; fascicles of racemes rather remote ; 2 of
the anthers oblong. $ . H. Native of Europe, Tauria, Cau-
casus, and Turkey, in sterile and imcultivated places. Sibth.
et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 224. Bieb. fl. cauc. no. 398. exclusive of
the syn. of Tabern. and Dodon. Mcench, hass. no. 170. t. 4.
Mill. fig. t. 273. V. tomentosum. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 2G0. V.
rugulosum, Willd. enum. 1. p. 224. V. pulverulentum, Spreng.
hal. no. 233. V. Thapsus, Plenck, med. t. 109. V. thap-
soides, Vill. dauph. 1. p. 490. V. grandiflorum, Mill. diet. no.
5. Stem branched at top, tomentose, as well as the leaves and
calyxes. Leaves usually yellowish- green : radical ones 3-4
inches long. Racemes from a span to a foot, or longer, branched
a little at the base. Flowers sweet-scented. Corolla yellow,
showy, size of those of F. macrdnthum, with broad obovate-
roundish, unequal segments. The 3 smaller filaments clothed
with dense purple wool ; the 2 longer ones, for the most part,
naked, or but rarely furnished with a few hairs in the middle.
Capsule roundish-ovate, blunt.
Far. ft, albiflorwn ; flowers white. Lob. icon. t. 560.
f. 2.
Phlomus-Uke MuXWeu. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 3 to
4 feet.
15 V. condensa'tum (Sciirad. verb. p. 31. t. 3.) leaves to-
mentose : radical ones elliptic-oblong, attenuated at the base,
unequally and doubly crenated : cauline ones oblong, acute,
simply crenated ; superior ones roundish-ovate, cuspidate,
decurrent ; racemes dense, fascicled ; two of the anthers
oblong. $ . H. Native of Austria, in sterile places. Stem
divided at top into floriferous branches. Radical leaves 1
to 1 1 foot long. Racemes a foot to 1 i foot long. Flowers and
fruit agreeing with V. phlomoides.
Close-Rowered Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 5
to 6 feet.
16 V. NEMORosuM (Schrad. verb. p. 32. t. 1 . f. 2.) leaves
acute, crenated, tomentose : radical ones oblong, attenuated at
both ends : lower cauline ones lanceolate, narrowed at the base :
middle ones oblong-lanceolate : and the superior ones oblong
and decurrent ; fascicles of racemes rather remote ; 2 of the an-
thers oblong. $ . H. Native of Austria, in groves, Schott.
Nearly allied to F. phlomoldes, but with a different habit.
Radical leaves a span and more long : lower cauline ones more
than a foot long. Racemes solitary, simple. Calyxes, corolla,
and fruit, as in the two preceding species.
Grove Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 4 to 5
feet.
17 V. monta'num (Schrad. hort. gott. fasc. 2. p. 18. t. 12.
verb. p. 33.) leaves tomentose : radical ones oblong-elliptic,
crenulated, petiolate : cauline ones oblong, acutish, obsoletely
crenulated : superior ones acute, decurrent ; raceme subspicate ;
fascicles of flowers rather crowded ; anthers nearlj' equal. $ .
H. Native of the Pyrenees ; also of Switzerland and Germany.
V. phlomoides, Spreng. hal. no. 231. Schleich. pi. rar. cent. 1.
no. 27. Stem simple, clothed with rusty yellow tomentum, as
well as the leaves and other parts. Radical leaves 3-5 inches
long. Racemes 3 inches to | a foot. Flowers sometimes soli-
tary, but usually fascicled. Corolla size, colour, and form of
those of F. Thdpsus. The 3 smaller filaments clothed with
white wool : the 2 larger ones beset with scattered hairs, rarely
naked. Capsule ovate, obtuse, about equal in length to the
calyx. \n. shady places this plant becomes 6 feet high, and
branched at top ; and the leaves shining, green above ; but in
dry exposed places not above 2 feet, and unbranched.
MoMniam Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 6
feet.
VERBASCINiE. I. Verbascum.
491
IS V. COLLI NUM (Schrad. verb. p. 35. t. 5. f. 1.) leaves cre-
nate, tomentose : lower ones elliptic-oblonj;, petiolate : middle
cauline ones oblong-lanceolate, acutish, attenuated at the base :
superior ones oblontj, acute, decurrent ; fascicles of racemes re-
mote; anthers equal. If.. H. Native of the North of Ger-
many, on dry grassy hills. Stem simple, reddish-green at bot-
tom, tomentose. Leaves pale green above, and canescent be-
neath : radical ones 4 or 44 inches long. Racemes 1 to I5 foot
long, solitary ; but in strong plants there are sometimes 1-2
small branches at the base. Calyx and corolla almost as in I .
nigrum ; and the filaments are clothed with purple wool as in
it ; pollen red. Capsule small, oblong-ovate, obtuse.
Hill Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
19 V. VERSIFLORUM (Sclirad. verb. p. 36.) leaves crenated,
tomentose : lower ones elliptic-oblong, petiolate : cauline ones
oblong, acute, decurrent : upper ones acuminated ; racemes
panicled ; fascicles remote, few-flowered; anthers equal. 1/.?
H. Native near Prague, in sandy places, Tauseh. This ele-
gant species comes very near the V. rubiginosum, Waldst. et Kit,
but differs in the colour of the flowers. Plant clothed with
greenish-yellow tomentum. Stem divided into many floriferous
branches towards the apex. Radical leaves 3j to 6 inches long.
Racemes more than a foot long, panicled. Flowers size of those
of r. phcen'iceum, sweet-scented. Corolla of a reddish copper-
colour, verging to yellow towards the tube, with obovate-round-
ish segments, furnished with yellow wool at the base of the
smaller ones, as in V. Blatlarm, as well as the smaller fila-
ments ; but the 2 longer filaments are clothed with purple wool.
Pollen white. Capsule ovate, obtuse, a little larger than the
calyx. Corollas sometimes twice the size of those of F. j>hlo-
moides.
Party-flonered Mullien. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
20 V. rami'gerum (Link, in litt. ex Schrad. verb. p. 37. t.
4.) leaves clothed with fine tomentum : radical ones oblong-lan-
ceolate : cauline ones oblong, acute, doubly crenated, semide-
current ■ upper ones acuminated ; racemes panicled ; fascicles
remote, many-flowered ; anthers equal. $ . H. Native of
Germany. Habit of /'. Lijchiiitis. Stem much branched, to-
mentose. Leaves canescent beneath : radical ones often a foot
long. Calyx as in V. j)hlomoides, but one half smaller, never-
theless larger than that of V. Lychriitis, but the stamens are
the same.
Branch-bearing Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 4
to 6 feet.
21 V. Basta'rdi (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 335.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, downy or villous, crenated, and subdecurrent ;
flowers twin or glomerate ; stem much branched. $ . H. Na-
tive on argillaceous hills about Mayenne, near Montreuil-Bel-
froy. V. blattarioides, /3. caule ramosissimo. Bast, suppl. fl.
Main, et Loire, p. 42. ? V. ramosissimum, D. C. fl. fr. suppl.
p. 416. no. 4679. a. but not of Poir. Stem purplish at bottom,
downy. Leaves villous, particularly beneath, half stem-clasp-
ing. Branches of panicle elongated. Flowers pedicellate.
Corolla yellow ; hairs of stamens purple. Said to be nearly
allied to V. ramigerum, and probably only a variety of it.
Bastard's Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 5 to 6
feet.
22 V. mucrona'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 218. Schrad. verb,
p. 38.) leaves crenated, clothed with hoary tomentum : radical
ones oblong-lanceolate : cauline ones oblong, acute, semidecur-
rent : upper ones ovate, long-acuminated ; spikes panicled ;
flowers glomerate. $ . H. Native of Candia, Labillardiere.
Verbascum orientale, maximum, candidissimum, ramis candela-
brum aemulantibus, Tourn. cor. p. 8. ? The whole plant cloth-
ed with hoary tomentum. Stem branched at top. Radical
leaves in the cultivated plant ] 4 to 2 feet long. Flowers almost
sessile. Corolla large, ex Lam., yellow, middle-sized, ex Spec.
Filaments all clothed with white wool.
71/i(e;oHa/e-leaved Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1814.
PI. 6 to 8 feet.
23 V. cANDiDi'ssiMUM (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 413. no. 2670.)
leaves and whole plant white from floccose tomentum : lower
leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends,
acute : upper cauline ones ovate, acuminated, all decurrent and
finely crenated ; racemes panicled ; fascicles many-flowered,
remote. $ . H. Native near Montpelier, at Port Juvenal.
The upper part of the plant is sometimes deficient of floccose
tomentum. Calyx small. Corolla yellovv, middle-sized. Per-
haps the same as /'. mucTonalum or /'. niveum.
Far. fl ; flowers approximate ; stem rubiginose.
Fery-nhile UuWien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to 5
feet.
24 V. auricula'tum (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 149.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 223.) leaves crenulated, elliptic-
oblong, tomentose on both surfaces, auricled at the base : upper
ones half stem-clasping ; racemes panicled, flexuous ; fascicles
many-flowered, remote ; anthers equal. $ . H. Native of the
Island of Samos. Verbascum orientale, maximum, candidissi-
mum, ramis candelabrum cBmulantibus, Tourn. cor. p. S. Co-
rollas yellow. Filaments beset with cream-coloured wool.
Anthers fulvous.
Auricled-leaved Mullien. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
25 V. sinua'tum (Lin. spec. p. 254.) leaves clothed with
powdery tomentum : radical and lower cauline ones sinuated :
superior ones crenated, decurrent ; spikes panicled ; flowers
subglomerate ; anthers equal. $ . H. Native of Italy, South
of France, Portugal, and Barbary, in arid stony places ; very
common in Greece. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 227. Verbas-
cum nigrum foliis papaveris corniculiiti, Tourn. inst. p. 147.
Verbascum crispum et sinuatum, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 860. with a
figure. — Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 9. f. 6. V. intubaceum, Ta-
bern. kraut, p. 956. with a figure. Stem tomentose, branched
at top. Radical leaves 3-5 inches long, obtuse. Leaves naked
on the upper surface in the adidt state. Spikes 1 to 1| foot
long. Flowers on short pedicels. Calyx small. Corolla yel-
low, like those of F. Lychnilis, but a little larger. Filaments all
clothed with purple wool. Anthers all reniform ; pollen of a
vermilion colour.
.Si«Ma«eJ-leaved Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1570. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
26 V. hy'bridum (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 170.) leaves tomen-
tose : radical ones obovate-lanceolate, undulated, and subsinu-
ated : caidine ones subdecurrent, cordate, oblong, acute, cre-
nated ; racemes panicled ; flowers glomerate, each glomerulc
furnished with 3 bracteas. ^ . H. Native of Portugal, in
hedges, and in shady, gravelly places about Coimbra. This is
said to be a hybrid between F. sinuatum and F. pulverulenlum.
Stem branched from the base to the apex, villous. Radical
leaves Ih foot long, and 7 inches broad. Corollas yellow ; the
throat striped with purple. Filaments all clothed with purple
villi. The plant is green, though tomentose.
Hybrid Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 4 to 5 feet.
27 V. conoca'rpum (Mor. elench. sard, ex Linnaea, 5. p. 93.)
clothed with white tomentum ; leaves somewhat crenated : lower
ones elliptic or oblong, petiolate : upper ones ovate, acumi-
nated, somewhat decurrent ; fascicles of flowers loosely race-
mose ; capsule oblong-conical, acutish. 1/ . H. Native or
Sardinia, in the fissures of rocks by the sea shore. Corolla
yellow, with a deep violet centre. Filaments bearded with vio-
laceous hairs, the 2 longest ones naked at top.
Cone-fruited Mullien. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
3 r 2
492
VERBASCIN7E. I. Verbascum.
^ 2. Leaves not decurrent.
* Flowers glomerate.
28 V. Syri'acum (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 6. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves
quite entire, clothed with woolly tomentum : lower ones obovate-
lanceolate : superior ones lanceolate ; spike simple. 1/ . H.
Native of Syria, in sterile waste places. The whole plant is
clothed with woolly tomentum. Stem 2-3 from the same root,
woody at the base. Radical leaves 3 or 3| inches long. Spike
longer than the stem ; bundles or glomerules 5-7-flowered.
Corolla middle-sized, yellow. Filaments all woolly ; anthers
equal. Nearly allied to /'. simpler, Labill.
Syrian Muliien. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
29 V. undula'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 221.) leaves densely
tomentose : lower ones lyrately sinuated, imdulated : cauline
leaves subsinuated : superior ones oblong-ovate, sessile ; spike
solitary. 2/ . H. Native of the Levant. Stems woody at the
base, simple, a little divided, pale, yellowish from tomentum, as
well as the leaves. Radical leaves 3-4 inches long. Spike a
foot and more long ; bundles 3-4-flowered. Corolla yellow.
Filaments all woolly.
Undulated-\ea\ed Mu\\\en. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI.
2i to 3 feet.
SO V. ceratoph\'llum (Schrad. verb. p. 7. t. 1. f. 2.) leaves
tomentose on both surfaces: lower ones siib-pinnatifid : upper
ones entire ; spikes panicled ; outer bracteas quite entire. $ .
H. Native of the Levant. Stem branched' at top, tomentose.
Radical leaves a span or more long : uppermost cauline leaves
half-stem clasping, unequally serrated. Spikes a foot and more
long ; bundles remote, 3-4-flowered. Corolla like that of F.
blallaria, yellow. Filaments all clothed with yellow wool.
Pollen yellow.
Buckliorn-leaied Muliien. PI. 2| to 3 feet.
31 V. pinnati'fidum (Vahl, symb. 2. p. S9. Bieb. fl. cauc.
1. p. 404. Schrad. verb. 2. p. 8.) leaves tomentose beneath :
lower ones bipinnatifid : upper ones pinnatifid ; spikes panicled ;
outer bracteas serrated. $ . H. Native of Tauria, in the sea
sand ; and of the Islands of the Archipelago. Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. t. 228. V. bipinnatilidnm, Sims, in Curt. bot. mag. t.
1777. V. sinuatum, Habl. taur. p. 156. Stems sometimes
branched from the base, clothed with hoary tomentum. Radical
leaves 3-4 inches long. Spikes a span and more long, but those
of the branches shorter. Corollas like those of V. blattariu,
yellow. Filaments orange-coloured, clothed with white or ful-
vous wool ; pollen vermillion. Anthers all reniform.
Pin7iatijid-\eaved Muliien. Fl. Julv, Aug. Clt. 1788. PI.
2J to 3 feet.
32 V. plica'tum (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 226.) leaves
tomentose, plicately pinnatifid : upper cauline ones sessile ;
spike simple, interrupted, leafy ; anthers equal. $ . H. Na-
tive of tlie Island of Hydra; plentiful near Athens. V. sinu-
atum, ft, Lin. spec. p. 25.5. V. pinnatifidum, Ait. hort. kew.
ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 386, but not of Vahl. V. Graecum fruti-
cosum, folio sinuato candidissimo, Tourn. cor. p. 8. itin. 1. p.
128, with a figure. Plant densely clothed with woolly, cream-
coloured tomentum. Leaves obovate-oblong, lyrately sinuated :
radical ones a span long, petiolate. Filaments bearded with
yellow hairs. Corolla yellow.
Plicatc-haved Muliien. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * Flowers fascicled.
33 V. cHRYSE^RiuM (Scluad. verb. 2. p. 9.) leaves quite
entire, tomentose : lower ones obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, taper-
ing into the petioles : cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish,
nearly sessile : uppermost ones broad-ovate, acuminated, half
stem clasping ; racemes panicled ; pedicels about equal in length
to the calyx ; anthers equal. ^ . ? H. Native of Palestine,
Sieber. Plant clothed vvitii yellowish tomentum. Stem simple,
or divided a little at top. Leaves thick : radical and lower
cauline ones 4-5 inches long. Racemes about a span long.
Corolla yellow ; ? filaments glabrous.
Golden Muliien. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
34 V. Schottia'num (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 13. t. 3. f. 2.)
leaves crenated, tomentose : lower ones oval-oblong, acutish,
petiolate ; middle cauline leaves oblong, acute, sessile : superior
leaves ovate, acuminated, subcordate, half stem-clasping ; ra-
cemes panicled ; pedicels twice as long as the calyx. $ . H.
Native of Austria, in groves. Allied to the preceding. Stem
simple, or divided a little at top. Radical leaves a span to
1 foot long. Racemes a span long ; fascicles 5-10-flowered.
Calyx and corollas as in /'. specidsum. Filaments clothed with
])urple wool. Anthers all reniform ; pollen vermillion. The
leaves are nearly naked in summer.
Scholt's Muliien. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
35 V. leptosta'chyum (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2676.)
leaves oblorg, tomentose : lower ones bluntish, crenulated,
tapering into the petioles : cauline leaves acute, quite entire,
sessile : superior ones ovate, acuminated, half stem-clasping ;
racemes elongated ; pedicels shorter than the calyx, $ . H.
Native near Montpelier, in stony fields near Port Juvenal, D. C.
Schrad. verb. 2. p. 14. Plant clothed with white tomentum.
Stem simple, terete. Radical and lower cauline leaves 3-5
inches long: the middle cauline leaves 2-3 inches long. Ra-
ceme solitary ; fascicles 5-7-flowered. Calyx nearly tlie size of
V.phlomoides. Corolla like that of /'. speciosum, yellow. Fila-
ments all woolly ; anthers equal. In strong plants the stem is
furnished with a branch or two at top.
Sletider-spikcd Muliien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
36 V. ROTUNDiFt>LinM (Teuore, prod, suppl. 2. p. 66. syn. p.
37. fl. neap. p. 92. t. 23.) leaves crenated, sub-undulated,
clothed with hoary tomentum : lower ones oval, petiolate :
cauline leaves ovate-elliptic, nearly sessile : uppermost ones
roundish-ovate, acute, half stem-clasping ; racemes subspicate ;
pedicels shorter than the calyx. ^ . H. Native of Sicily ;
and of Capra Island. Schrad. verb. 2. p. 50. — Micheli.
in Till. hort. pis. p. 171. Habit of V. gnaphalodes, but the
tomentum is finer, and hoary. Upper leaves clasping at the
base, adnate, not free. Racemes 1 to Ig foot, simple, or fur-
nished with 1 or 2 small branches at the base ; fascicles remote,
few-flowered. Corolla yellow. Filaments clothed with purple
wool .
Round-leaved M\i\\\tn. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to
5 feet.
37 V. LONGiFOLiUM (Tenore, fl. neap. 1. p. 89. t. 21. prod. p.
16. syn. p. 37. Gussone, pi. rar. p. 10.'.) leaves quite entire,
tomentose ; lower ones oval-lanceolate, petiolate : cauline ones
oblong, acuminated, half stein-clasping ; racemes elongated ;
pedicels twice as long as the calyxes ; two of the anthers
oblong. $. H. Native of Abruzzo, plentiful in mountain
pastures. Verbascum montanum, tomentosum longifolium lu-
temn, foliis non serraiis, flore parvo, caule rotundo, Micheli, in
Till. hort. pis. p. 171. Plant clothed with yellowish floccose
tomentum. Stem branched at top. Radical leaves 1 1 foot
long. Racemes 2 feet or more long ; fascicles remote, many-
flowered. Corollas rather mealy, and covered with stellate pili
outside, yellow, like those of V. pyramidale. Filaments clothed
with purple wool, but the 2 longer ones only at the base inside.
The lower leaves in the cidtivated plant are repand inside, rarely
sub-sinuated, and the superior ones are crenulated. There are
VERBASCLMiE. I. Verbascum.
493
varieties of this species having tlie stem simple, or branclied,
and the toiiicntum sometimes white.
Lon g-leaccd Mutikn. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ISZ-l.. PI. 4 to
5 feet.
38 V. micka'ntiium (Moretti, dec. pi. itin. 3. p. 6, Guss. pi.
rar. p. 103.) stem branched ; radical leaves petiolate, oblong-
lanceolaie, acute, crenulated, canescent beneath : cauline leaves
scattered, sessile, becoming gradually narrower as they ascend
the stem ; racemes compound ; fascicles remote. ^ . H. Na-
tive of Abruzzo, in stony and shady places on the mountains
called Morone, Magclla, Aquila, Chiarino. Filaments copper-
coloured : the 2 longer ones from the base to the middle,
bearded by white villi : the 3 shorter ones all their length. An-
thers equal, copper-coloured.
.S'/H«//-flowered Mullien. PI. 3 to 4 feet ?
39 V. sPECiosuM (Schrad. hort. goett fasc. 2. p. 22. t. 16.
verb. 2. p. 12.) leaves tomentose, quite entire : lower ones
oval-lanceolate, tapering into the petioles : caulitie ones auricu-
lately cordate, sessile ; racemes panicled ; pedicels twice or
thrice as long as the calyx ; anthers equal. $ . H. Native of
Hungary, Austria, and France, in mountain groves. V. lon-
gifolium, D. C. fl. gall, suppl. p. 41k Stem angular, and
branched at top. Plant clothed with white tomentum. Radical
leaves 1 to I5 foot long. Racemes 1-2 feet long; fascicles
many-flowered. Corolla yellow. Filaments copper-coloured,
clothed with white wool. Pollen vermillion, rarely copper-
coloured.
I'ar.ji; stem much branched. $. H. Native of Austria.
V. thapsoides. Host, fl. austr. p. 115. V. cseruleum, Schanz,
in cat. sem. hort. vind. 1 822. It should have been F. caulcs-
cens, instead of F. cteruleum.
S/ioiv?j MiMen. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1818. PI. 4 to 7 feet.
40 V. GNAi'HAt.oDES (Bieb. fl. cauc. suppl. p. 152. Schrad.
verb. 2. p. 15.) leaves crenated, clothed with dense, floccose
tomentum beneath : lower ones oval-oblong, petiolate : cauline
ones oblong, acute, nearly sessile : upper ones roundish-ovate,
long-acuminated, half stem-clasping ; racemes terminal, very
long; pedicels about equal in length to the calyxes. $. H.
Native of the South of Tauria. V. Stevenii, Cat. sem. hort.
vinJ. 1821. Very like F. Jloccbsum, but the habit is more
robust, and the leaves evidently crenated. Racemes 3 feet
long and more, sometimes furnished with a few short racemes ;
lower fascicles remote : upper ones crowded. Corolla yellow.
Plant clothed with white floccose tomentum, except the upper
surfaces of the adult leaves.
Gnaphalium-likc MuUicn. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI.
6 feet or more.
41 V. FLOccosuM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 81. t. 71.)
leaves undulately-crenulated, densely clothed with floccose to-
mentum : lower ones oblong-oval, petiolate : cauline ones ob-
long, acute, fessile : uppermost ones roundish-ovate, long-acu-
minated, half stem-clasping ; racemes panitled ; pedicels equal
in length to the calyx. $ . H. Native of Portugal, France,
Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, shores of Austria, Hungary, and
Calabria, in sterile, sandy places. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2673.
a. Schrad. verb. 2. p. IG. V. pulverulentum, Hoff'm. et Link,
fl. port. 1. p. 217, exclusive of the syn. of Villars. V. pulvi-
natum, Thuill. fl. par. p. 109.— Hail. helv. no. 583.— Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 872. and 873, with a figure. — Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t.
9. f. 3. Stem simple, or a little branched at top. Plant
clothed with floccose tomentum. Radical and lower cauline
leaves 5 a foot, or a span or more long ; uppermost leaves
sometimes cordate, half stem-clasping. Flowers size, colour,
form, and disposition of F. Lychnilis JU'ica, as well as the
structure of the stamens.
Far. fl ; flowers larger. $ . H. Native of England. V.
pulverulentum. Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 251. engl. hot. t. 487.
/ar. y, nlgro-pulvenilenium (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 16.) V.
pulverulentum, /3, Smith, 1. c. V. mixtiun, D. C. fl. fr. no.
2674. Said to be a hybrid from F.floccosum, impregnated hv
the pollen of F. nigrum.
Floccose iVIullien. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1805. /j and 7,
England. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
42 V. pulverule'ntum (ViU. dauph. 2. p. 490, exclusive of
the synonymes. Schrad. verb. 2. p. 17.) leaves doubly cre-
nated, tomentose beneath : lower ones oblong-oval, petiolate :
cauline ones ovate-ohlong, acutish, nearly sessile : upper ones
roundish -ovate, acuminated; racemes panicled; pedicels equal
in length to the calyxes. $ . H. Native of Dauphiny. This
species has been confused with F. Lychtiitis Jlava, and F.Jlnc-
cdsum, but dift'ers from both in the stem being more humble and
terete, and in the leaves being naked above, and in the smaller
calyxes, and in the leaves being doubly crenated, and in the
tomentum being finer.
Powrfery Mullien. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? PI. 2 to 4 feet.
43 V. lychni'tis (Lin. spec. p. 253.) leaves crenated, smootli-
ish above, but clothed with powdery tomentum beneath : lower
ones oval-oblong, bhmtish, tapering into the petioles : superior
ones ovate-oblong, acute, nearly sessile : upper ones ovate, acu-
minated ; racemes panicled ; pedicels twice as long as the calyx.
$ . H. Native of Europe, North of Asia, and North America,
among rubbish, in waste fields and groves. Jaume, St. Hil. pi.
fr. 4. t. 392. V. pulverulentum, Bieb. fl. cauc. no. 400, and of
other Floras. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2672. Stem more or less
branched. Radical leaves half a foot long : middle caidine
ones 2-4 inches. Racemes a span long, or longer ; fascicles
5-7-flowered ; the superior fascicles 2-3-flowered. Flowers
middle-sized, sweet-scented. Corolla yellow. Filaments clothed
with white wool, the 2 longer ones only at the base. Anthers
equal; pollen vermillion. F. Il'etilhtii, Morelli is only a var. of
F, Lychnitis.
Far. /3 ; flowers white. $ . H. Native along with the
species, also in many parts of Britain. V. Lychnitis, /j, Lin.
spec. p. 253. Willd. spec. 1003. ft. and y. o. b. Lychnitis, ;5,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 218. Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 250. engl. bot. \t.
58. Oed. fl. dan. t. 586. V. Moe'nchii, Schullz, starg. suppl. |).
14. V. thapsoides of English authors. V. album, Moencli,
meth. p. 447. Bess. fl. gal. no. 267. — Hall. helv. no. 583. ft.
— Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 9. f. 4.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 873, with a
figui'e. — Tabern. kraut, p. 956. icone. — Lob. icon. ). p. 562.
Jar. y ; flowers without petals. ^ . H.
Lychnitis Mullien. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 6
feet.
44 V. RAMOsi'ssiMUM (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 718.) lower leaves
ovate-oblong, crenated, nearly glabrous, on short petioles ;
panicle much branched, beset with glandular hairs ; flowers
solitary, pedicellate; stem angular, nearly glabrous. $. H.
Native country unknown ; probably of hybrid origin. Plant
deep green. Leaves at least 8 inches long : upper ones stem-
clasping. Panicle 1 to 2 feet ; branches a foot long. Flowers
shorter than the pedicels. Corolla yellow. Filaments bearded
with purple hairs.
Much-branched Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
4 to 6 feet.
45 V. Monspessula'num (Pers. ench. 1. p. 215. Schrad.
verb. 2. p. 20. t. 2. f. 2.) leaves glabrous above, clothed vvitii
fine tomentum beneath : cauline ones ovate-oblong, acutish,
unequal, crenately serrated, petiolate : upper ones ovate-lance-
olate, acute, sessile ; racemes panicled ; pedicels twice as long
as the calyx. $ . H. Native about Montpelier. Stem sim-
494
VERBASCINiE. I. Verbascum.
pie, tomentose. Lower cauline leaves 2^ inches long. Terminal
raceme half a foot : lateral ones shorter ; fascicles remote, 5-7-
flowered : upper ones 3-flowered. Flowers yellow, like those
of r. Lychnitis, but a little smaller.
Monlpelier Mullien. Fi. June, Aug. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
46 V. ova'tum (Schrad. hort. gott. fasc. 2. p. 21. t. 15. verb.
2. p. 21.) leaves ovate, crenated, glabrous above, and clotlied
with fine tomentum beneath : lower and cauline ones obtuse,
jjetiolate : superior ones acute, sessile, half stem-clasping ; ra-
cemes panicled ; pedicels twice as long as the calyx. $ . H.
Native of Spain. Stem usually branched from the base, beset
with fascicles of stellate hairs, which constitute fine tomentum
at top. Radical and lower cauline leaves 3-4 inches long.
Lower racemes a span long, leafy at base : superior ones shorter.
Flowers scentless, smaller than those of 1 . Lychnitis, yellow.
Filaments clothed with purple wool. Anthers equal ; pollen
copper-coloured.
Ofa^e-leaved Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
47 V. AusTRfAcuM (Roem. at Schultes, syst. 4. p. 341.
Schrad. verb. 2. p. 22.) leaves crenated, glabrous above, and
pubescent beneath : lower and cauline ones oblong-ovate, peti-
olate : superior ones ovate, acute, nearly sessile ; racemes pani-
cled ; pedicels about equal in length to the calyx. % . H.
Native of Austria, and Hungary, on mountains among bushes.
V. nigrum, Plenck. icon. pi. off. t. 110. Habit of F. Lychnitis.
Stem simple, or branched, beset with fascicles of small hairs,
brownish purple. Leaves deep green : radical ones 4 inches to
a span long. Racemes a span or more long : lower ones leafy,
and often divided ; fascicles 5-7-flowered : upper ones 3-flow-
ered. Flowers sweet-scented. Calyx, corolla, and stamens as
in /'. nigrum, but the capsule is larger, and the down stellate,
Austrian Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 to 4
feet.
48 V. orienta'le (Bieb. fl. cauc. no. 401. and suppl. p. 154.
exclusive of the syn. of Schrad. and D. C.) leaves crenated,
glabrous above, but clothed with fine tomentum beneath : lower
ones oblong, tapering into the petioles : cauline ones oblong-
ovate, cordate, on short petioles : upper ones acuminated, nearly
sessile ; racemes panicled ; pedicels hardly exceeding the calyx.
11. H. Native of the Ukrain, along with /'. nigrum. Schrad.
verb. 2. p. 23. V. nigrum. Pall. ind. taur. ex Bieb. Stem
flexuous and branched. Leaves opaque. Corolla yellow.
Eastern MuUien. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
49 V. alope'curos (Thuill. fl. par. p. 110. D. C. fl. fr. no.
2626.) leaves crenated, downy above, clothed with hoary tomen-
tum beneath : lower ones oblong-ovate, subcordate, petiolate :
cauline ones oval-oblong, on short petioles : upper ones oblong-
ovate, nearly sessile ; racemes simple ; pedicels longer than the
calyx. 1/ . H. Native of France, in arid places. Schrad.
verb. 2. p. 26. Very nearly allied to J', nigrum. Stem tomen-
tose, as well as all the plant, with the exception of the upper
surfaces of the leaves. Radical and cauline leaves a span long,
doubly crenated. Racemes usually simple, a span or more
long. Filaments clothed with white wool. The rest as in
V. nigrum.
Fux-tail-ra.cemed Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
50 V. Cha'ixii (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 491. t. 13. exclusive of the
synonymes. Schrad. verb. 2. p. 27.) leaves oblong-ovate,
cordate, petiolate, crenated, clothed with fine tomentum : lower
ones pinnatifid at the base ; racemes panicled ; pedicels longer
than the calyx. $ . H. Native of Piedmont, Dauphiny, south-
ern provinces of France, in rocky places. Lam. diet. 4. p.
220. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2680. and suppl. p. 480. Very like V.
nigrum, but is less robust, and usually branched above. Leaves
deep green. Racemes more numerous, smaller, and more slen-
der, disposed in a panicle, and the flowers are a little smaller.
Var. /3, iir tic ee folium ; lower leaves less cut. S. H. V. ur-
ticsefolium, Lam. diet. 4. p. 220.
Var. y, dentatum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 339. /3.)
stem twiggy, branched at top ; flowers racemosely spicate ;
corollas villous outside ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, tomentose
beneath, and rather villous above, serrated : radical ones petio-
late, doubly toothed. $ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. V.
dentatum, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 114. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no.
2680. a.
Chaixs Mullien. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 3 to 4
feet.
51 V. NfoRUM (Dodon. hist. p. 144. icon. Lin. spec. p.
253.) leaves crenated, nearly glabrous above, but clothed with
fine tomentum beneath, or pubescent : lower and cauline ones
oblong-ovate, cordate, petiolate : superior ones ovate-oblong,
nearly sessile ; racemes elongated ; pedicels twice as long as the
calyx. %. H. Native throughout Europe and Siberia, in
waste places, way-sides, and in hedges ; plentiful in some parts
of Britain. Smith, engl. hot. t. 59. Oed. fl. dan. 1088.
Schrad. verb. 2. p. 24.— Hall. helv. no. 584.— Mor. hist. 2.
sect. 5. t. 9. f. 5. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 873. icone. — Lob. icon. 1.
p. 562. Stems simple, or divided a little at apex, brownish-
purple, downy, or glabrous. Leaves opaque above. Racemes
1| foot long, simple, or furnished with 1 or 2 short branches at
the base ; fascicles many-flowered : lower ones remote : upper
ones crowded. Corolla yellow. Filaments clothed with purple
wool. Anthers all reniform ; pollen vermillion. Down branched,
or stellate.
J'ar.ft; racemes subpanicled. %. H. Native of France.
V. Parisiense, Thuill. fl. par. p. 110.
Var. y, gymnostemon (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 345.)
stamens glabrous, or naked.
Var. h, albijlbrum ; flowers white.
Var. e; flowers funnel-shaped, proliferous. %. H. Native
of Siberia. Verbascum, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 91. t. 47.
Black-rooted Mullien. Fl. May, Aug. England. PI. 3 to
4 feet.
52 V. Bana'ticum (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 28.) lower leaves
oval-oblong, petiolate, triply crenated, tomentose, pinnatifid at
the base : cauline leaves oblong-ovate, doubly crenated, nearly
sessile : superior ones broad-ovate, subcordate, smoothish, ses-
sile ; racemes panicled ; pedicels longer than the calyx. ^ . H.
Native of Banatu, near Alt-orsowa, and frequent about Topliz.
V. sinuatum, Rochel, pi. ban. exsic. no. 136. V. sinuatum, /?,
Banaticum, Rochel, in litt. and Schrad. Upper cauline leaves
half stem-clasping, all glabrous above. Down stellate. Herb
deep green. Disposition and structure of flowers that of V.
sinuatum.
Banatic Mullien. PI. 2 to 4 feet ?
52 V. lana'tum (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 28. t. 2. f. 1.) leaves
clothed with woolly tomentum beneath : lower and cauline leaves
oblong, petiolate, somewhat triply crenated : upper ones ob-
long-ovate, sessile, acutely crenated ; racemes simple ; pedicels
twice as long as the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Italy, Bassi ;
Carnea, Wulf; Carinthia, Bernhardi. Plant clothed with white
woolly tomentum, except the upper surfaces of the leaves.
Lower leaves 3-4 inches long. Racemes a span long, simple ;
fascicles i-emote, 4-6-flowered : lower ones leafy. Flowers
sweet-scented. Calyx and corolla as in J', nigrum, but the
tube is sometimes spotted with purple. Stamens, structure,
and colour of those of V. nigrum.
1
VERBASCINiE. I. Verbascum.
495
^roo% Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
5i V. RUBiGiNosuM (Walclst. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 216. t.
197.) leaves crenated, pubescent beneath : lower ones oblong,
obtuse, petiolate : cauluie ones oblong-ovate, acutisli, sessile :
superior ones ovate, acute, sub-cordate, half stem-clasping ;
racemes panicled ; pedicels much longer than the calyx. $ . H.
Native of Hungary, about Pesth, Akazto, and elsewhere,
Waldst. et Kit.; south of Podolia, Besser ; and of Caucasus,
in high, grassy lands between Tyra and Borystliene ; very rare
at the river Terek, Bieb. Habit and flowers of f. fcrrug'meum ;
and the leaves like those of /'. phcemceum. Stem downy.
Leaves deep green : radical ones 3-4 inches long. Racemes
a foot long, leafy at the base, generally simple ; fascicles remote,
3-5-flowered, rarely C-flowered : upper ones usually 2-flowered.
Flowers scentless, size of those of / . Blalluria. Corolla of a
reddish rust colour outside, and of a yellowish rust colour
inside, spotted with red towards the tube. Filaments clothed
with purple wool. Anthers equal ; pollen copper-coloured.
^!ts?(/-flowered Mullien. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
55 V. HYOSERiFOLiUM (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 31. t. 3. f. 1.)
leaves tomentose : lower ones linear-lanceolate, attenuated at
the base : superior ones oblong, acutely-crenated, sessile : upper
ones broad-ovate, auriculately cordate 1 racemes panicled ;
pedicels twice as long as the calyx. $ .1 H. Native of the
Levant. Stem erect, simple, tomentose. Leaves greenish grey
beneath : radical and lower cauline leaves a span long, sub-
sinuated : upper cauline leaves half stem-clasping. Racemes a
span to a foot long ; fascicles 4-7-flowered : lower ones remote.
Corolla middle-sized, yellow, a little larger than those of J\
Lychnltls. Filaments all clothed with yellowish wool ; anthers
equal.
Hyoscrh-leaved Mullien. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
56 V. vimina'le (Guss. pi. rar. p. 101. t. 21.) stem simple ;
leaves oblong-elliptic, crenulated, green, and beset with ad-
pressed villi above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ;
racemes rather crowded ; lower fascicles remote ; bracteas,
calyxes, and capsules densely clothed with mealy tomentum.
$ . H. Native of Japygia, on arid hills, as on Massafra, Cas-
tellaneta, and Taranto. Stem tomentose, green, or purplish, 2-4
feet high, tough, and serve for tying, hence the specific name.
Radical leaves 5-6 inches long : cauline leaves sessile : upper
ones half stem-clasping, drawn out at the base, and therefore
somewhat decurrent. Racemes solitary, 1 to Ij foot long;
fascicles 2-4-flowered, one of the flowers usually fertile. Corolla
not seen.
Twiggy Mullien. PI. 3 to 6 feet.
* * * Flowers livin and solitary.
51 V. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Tenore, prod, suppl. 2. p. 64. syn. p.
37.) leaves crenulated, tomentose : lower ones linear-lanceolate,
tapering into the petioles : upper ones oblong-ovate, sessile ;
spike simple ; flowers solitary, sessile. ^ . H. Native of
Calabria, and Nicotera, in dry fields. V. Calabricum, Richard,
in litt. Stem simple, clothed with canescent tomentum, dwarf.
Leaves calvescent above in the adult state. Radical and lower
cauline leaves length of stem : upper cauline ones half stem-
clasping. Corolla yellow, larger than those of V. Lychnitis.
Filaments beset with white hairs. Anthers reniform. 'Jhe
whole plant is densely clothed with canescent tomentum, which
becomes loose, and falls off in part during summer.
Narrow-leaved UxAWm. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1
to Ig foot.
58 V. SIMPLEX (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 4. p. 10. t. 5.) leaves
crenated, tomentose : lower ones obovate-spatulate, tapering into
the petioles : upper ones ovate, sessile ; racemes subspicate ;
flowers twin and solitary. 1^ . H. Native in sandy places near
Damascus. Schrad. verb. 2. p. 32. Stems simple, many from
the same root, which is woody, tomentose. Radical and lower
cauline leaves 2i inches long. Flowers nearly sessile : lower
and upper ones solitary : the rest twin, but very rarely by
threes. Corolla like that of V. hlattaria, but smaller. Stamens
all woolly : anthers all reniform. There is a variety of this
having the superior flowers smaller and sessile.
Simplc-s,temmeA JMullien. PI. 1 to 1 i foot.
59 V. maja'le (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2673. b. Schrad.
verb. 2. p. 33.) leaves crenated, tomentose : lower ones ovate-
oblong, and ovate, petiolate : upper ones oblong-ovate, sub-
cordate, sessile; racemes subspicate ; flowers twin and solitary;
anthers equal. $ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, Fliigge ;
in sandy, sterile places near Nice, Rohde ; Montpelier at Cam-
brettes, and elsewhere, D. C. This is a very polymorphous
plant, densely clothed with white floccose, caducous tomentum.
Stem simple, purplish brown. Radical and lower cauline leaves
2 to 2j inches long : upper ones half stem-clasping. F^lowers
on short pedicels. Corolla yellow, size of those of V. Blaltdria
and V. phlomoides. The 3 smaller filaments clothed with purple
wool ; the 2 longer ones pilose only in the middle.
far. /J, longibracicalum (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 34.) lower brac-
teas twice as long as the calyx ; the plant is, however, less
tomentose, and larger in all its parts than the species.
Hog Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
60 V. buguljEf6lium (Lam. diet. 4. p. 226. Schrad. verb.
2. p. 35. exclusive of the syn. of Lin.) lower leaves broad-
ovate, crenated, glabrous, petiolate : superior cauline ones lance-
olate, acuminated, deeply serrated, rather pilose ; racemes sub-
spicate ; flowers solitary ; anthers equal. S . H. Native
about the Rosphorus. Blattaria orientalis, Bugulae folio, flore
maximo virescente, lituris luteis in semicirculum striate, Tourn.
cor. p. 8. itin. 2. p. 83. with a figure. — Buxb. cent. 5. p. 17. t.
32. Stem simple, rather villous. Radical leaves 1| to 2
inches long, obtuse. Flowers on short pedicels. Corollas
larger than those of V. phlomoides, pale green, verging to yellow,
marked by 2 purple stripes. Filaments clothed with purple
wool ; the 2 larger ones only in the middle.
Bugloss-leaved Mullien. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
61 V. compa'ctum (Bieb. fl. cauc. no. 399, exclusive of the
syn. of Till. pis. suppl. p. 151. Schrad. verb. 2. p. 35.) leaves
ovate, coarsely crenated, tomentose beneath : lower ones taper-
ing into the petioles : cauline ones petiolate : upper ones sub-
cordate, sessile ; spikes compact ; flowers solitary ; 2 of the
anthers oblong. S. H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus; and
Iberia, Bieb. ; Lower Volga, Hemir\g. Stem tomentose, simple,
or divided a little at top. Leaves at length almost glabrous
above. Tomentum of a greyish green colour. Lower leaves
2-3 inches long: upper cauline ones half stem-clasping. Spike
h a foot to a span long, dense, interrupted a little at the base.
Corolla yellow. Filaments copper-coloured, beset with orange-
coloured wool, unequal ; the 2 longer ones only pilose inside.
Pollen Vermillion. There is a variety having the radical leaves
repandly crenated.
Com;)«c<-flowered Mullien. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
62 V. ovALiFOLiuM (Douu, hort. cant. ed. 4. p. 42. Sims,
bot. mag. t. 1037.) stems simple; leaves oval, sessile, dentately
crenated, tomentose beneath, and nearly glabrous above ; spike
long, sim])le ; flowers solitary? i;. H. Native of Caucasus.
Habit of Celsia Crelica. Each flower furnished with 3 bracteas :
the middle one orbicular, acuminated : lateral ones small. Co-
rolla large, orange-yellow. Filaments fulvous : the 3 smaller
ones bearded, the other 2 naked. Capsule globose. Perhaps
the same as V, compdctum. Leaves large.
496
VERBASCINiii. I. Verbascum.
Oval-leaved Mullien. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 to
S feet.
6S V. FORMOSUM (Fisch. hort. gorenki, 1S12. p. 25. Sclirad.
verb. 2. p. 36.) leaves tomentose beneath : lower ones elliptic-
ovate, somewhat triply crenated, and are, as well as the cauline
ones, petiolate : upper ones ovate, cordate, simply crenated ;
spikes elongated ; flowers solitary ; 2 of the anthers are oblong.
$ . H. Native of Tauria, Caucasus, and Iberia. Steven and
Ledebour. D. Don, in hot. reg. t. 558. Schrank, hort. mon.
t. 22. Stem simple, or Iranched at top. Spikes dense. Co-
rolla large, yellow, with a dark purple centre. Filaments clothed
with purple wool.
Nandsone Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 to 4
feet.
64 V. BETONic.'EFOLiuM (Desf. cor. de Tourn. p. 33. t. 23.
and in ann. nius. 11. p. 54. with a figure. Schrad. verb. p. 37.)
leaves crenated, villous : lower and cauline ones oblong, cordate,
petiolate : upper ones oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; raceme spi-
cate ; flowers solitary; 2 of the antliers are oblong. %. H.
Native of Armenia. Schrad. verb. 2. p. ^7. Stem simple,
villous. Leaves deep green : lower and cauline ones 2-3 inches
long. Racemes 2-3 inches long. Flowers crowded, on short
pedicels. Corollas yellow, smaller than those of F. Blatlaria.
Three of the filaments are woolly, and the other two decli-
nate and glabrous. Capsule roundish.
Belony-kaved Mu]\\en. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1|
to 2^ feet.
65 V. PUNi'cEUM (Schrad. hort. goit. fasc. 2. p. 20. t. 14.
verb. 2. p. 38.) leaves doubly crenated, pubescent: radical and
lower cauline ones ovate, cordate, petiolate : upper ones oblong-
ovate, sessile ; racemes elongated ; pedicels usually twin, twice
as long as the bracteas. I/.. H. Native of the South of Eu-
rope. Stems many from the same root, branched at top, rarely
simple, more or less downy. Leaves green : radical and lower
cauline ones 4-6 inches long, obtuse ; one of the lobes at the
base longer than the other : upper ones half stem-clasping,
acute, or acuminated. Racemes flexuous, drooping at top : ter-
minal one 1 foot and more long ; but the lateral ones are much
shorter. Flowers twin, except the upper ones, remote. Corolla
dirty red. Filaments clothed with purple wool. Anthers all
reniforra ; pollen copper-coloured. Down simple. There is a
variety of this having the lower leaves subtriply crenate : the
upper ones recurved at top, and the uppermost ones rounded at
the base, not cordate.
Light-red-Rowered Mullien. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
66 V. si'ecta'bile (Bieb. fl. cauc. suppl. p. 158 ) leaves ob-
long-ovate, cordate, doubly crenated, rather villous above, but
villously tomentose beneath : lower and cauline leaves petiolate :
superior ones sessile, half stem-clasping ; raceme terminal, elon-
gated ; pedicels twin and solitary, about equal in length to the
bracteas. 1^. H. Native of the South of Tauria, on moun-
tains about Sobla ; at the fountains of the river Salgir ; and on
mountains above Utu-Usen, Bieb. Stem simple, and is, as well
as the under sides of the leaves, tomentose. Leaves all cordate,
green above, but paler beneaih : radical and lower cauline ones
2h to 3^ inches long. Raceme length of stem ; those of the
branches, if present, shorter. Lower pedicels twin, beset with
simple and glandular hairs. Corolla showy, yellow, spotted
with purple in the bottom. Capsule downy, mucronate.
Eminent Mullien. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 4
feet.
67 V. TRi'sTE (Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 151.) leaves
pubescent : lower ones elliptic-ovate, cordate, subsinuated, un-
equally crenated, petiolate : superior cauline leaves sessile ;
racemes elongated ; pedicels solitary, spreading, much longer
than the bracteas. Tf.. H. Native on Mount Athos. Schrad.
verb. 2. p. 40. V. ferrugineum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 162. but
not of others. Corollas rust-coloured, or yellowish-red.
Sad-Rowered Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1788. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
68 V. ferrugi'neum (Mill. diet. no. 10. Ait, hort. kew. 1.
p. 237.) leaves rather villous, wrinkled : cauline ones nearly
sessile, equally crenated : radical ones oblong, cordate, doubly
crenated ; racemes spicate ; pedicels twin and solitary : lower
ones 3-4 together. 2/ . H. Native of the South of Europe.
Trew. ehret. p. 3. t. 16. f. 1. Miller says the radical leaves
are almost entire, dark green above and paler beneath, on
long petioles : cauline leaves acute, sessile. Corolla rust-
coloured.
Rusty-Rowered Mullien. Fl. May, Aug. Ch. 1683. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
69 V. pHCENi'cEUM (Lin. spec, p, 254 ) leaves pubescent be-
neath : lower ones elliptic, or ovate-oblong, subcordate, cre-
nated, petiolate : upper cauline leaves crenulated, sessile ; ra-
ceme terminal, elongated : pedicels solitary, much longer than
the bracteas. %. H. Native of the South and East of Eu-
rope, on the margins of woods, and in stony grassy fields ; and
of Caucasus and Siberia. Lam. ill. t. 117. Gaertn. fruct. 1, p.
262. t. 55. Jacq. fl. austr. 1. t. 125. Curt. bot. mag. t. 885.
Ker. bot. reg. 637. — Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 9. f. 1.— Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 875. with a figure. — Tab. kraut. 959. icone. — Lob.
icon. 1. t. 565. Stem downy, simple, or divided into a few
floriferous branches. Leaves deep green, nearly glabrous above :
radical ones 2-4 inches long : upper cauline ones half stem-
clasping. Raceme length of stem. Flowers remote. Corolla
deep purple, beset with small purple hairs at the base. Two of
the filaments are clothed with purple hairs, and the other 3 with
white hairs. Anthers all reniform ; pollen copper-coloured.
Down on the stem and lower leaves simple ; of the other parts
guttuliferous or glandular. Verb. Cisalpini, Bisol. is a var. of
this, ex Coll. in act. acad. taur. vol. 26. p. 507.
/'«r;)/e-flowered Mullien. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
70 V. cu'preum (Curt. bot. mag. t. 1226.) leaves cordate,
wrinkled, crenated, woolly beneath ; pedicels solitary, unibrac-
teate. "if.. H. Native country unknown. Corolla of a rust-
colour. The 3 shorter filaments covered with long, glandular,
purple hairs ; the 2 longer ones naked ; anthers of the long fila-
ments moon-shaped and naked : of the shorter ones nearly cir-
cular and hairy. Perhaps a hybrid between F. ovalifblinm and
/'. phaniceum.
Copper-colotired-Rowered Mullien. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
1798. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
71 V. repa'ndum (Willd. enum. 1. p. 226. Schrad. verb. 2.
p. 44.) leaves glabrous: lower ones obovate-oblong, attenuated
at the base, somewhat sinuated : cauline leaves oblong, acute,
crenated, sessile : superior ones broad-ovate, cordate, acumi-
nated, acutely crenated, stem-clasping ; racemes elongated ;
pedicels solitary : superior ones longer than the bracteas. ^ .
H. Native country unknown. Celsia heterophylla, Pers. ench.
1. p. 161. This species differs from F. BlaUaria, in the supe-
rior leaves being always broader, and exactly cordate, stem-
clasping, and acutely crenated ; in the bracteas being larger,
broader, and serrulated. Racemes as in V. hlaltarioidcs, 3 feet
long, and more. Flowers yellow, never white.
Rcpand-\ea\ed Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1813. PI. 4
to 6 feet.
72 V. Blatta'ria (Lin. spec. p. 254.) leaves glabrous : lower
ones obovate-oblong, attenuated at the base, somewhat sinuated :
cauline ones oblong, acute, crenated, sessile : superior leaves
subcordate, acuminated, half stem-clasping ; raceme terminal,
VERBASCINiE. I. Verbascum.
497
elongated ; pedicels solitary, twice as long as the bracteas. $ .
H. Native of Middle and South Europe, in gravelly places ;
Tauria, and Caucasus, Bieb. ; Palestine, Sieber ; North Ame-
rica, Miciix. ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Jaume St.
Hil. pi. fr. t. IC!). Smith, engl. hot. t. 393.— Sab. hort. 2. t.
5(J Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 10. f. 6. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 874.
icone. Lob. icon. 1. t. 5()4. Lob. hist. p. 304. icone. Plant
glabrous. Stem simple, or divided into floriferous branches
at top. Leaves deep green. Calyx, peduncles, pedicels,
bracteas, and ovarium, beset with very short guttuliferous
hairs. Corollas yellow, larger than those of /'. phceniceum. Fila-
ments clothed with purple villi : the 2 longer ones only in the
middle, on the inner side. Anthers all reniform.
Var. jy, albiflurum ; flowers white. $ . H. Native along
with the species. V. glabrum. Mill. fig. t. 67. diet. no. 8. —
Barrel, icon. t. 1249. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 874. — Lob. icon. 1. p.
563.
Molh Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
73 V. BLATTARiof DEs (Lam. diet. 4. p. 225. Schrad. verb.
2. p. 45.) leaves downy : lower ones elliptic-oblong, tapering
into the petioles, coarsely crenated : cauline leaves oblong, acute,
sessile : superior leaves oblong-ovate, subcordate, acuminated,
acutely crenated, half stem-clasping ; raceme terminal, very
long ; pedicels usually twin, shorter than the bracteas, and are,
as well as the calyxes, clothed with viscid hairs. $ . H. Na-
tive of France, by way sides, and in waste fields, on gravelly
soil. V. crystallostemon. Cat. sem. hort. dorp. 1818. V.
glandulosum, Thore. V. viscidulum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 215. V.
glabrum, Willd. enum. I. p. 225. Stem pubescent, like the
leaves ; hairs simple, mixed with guttuliferous pili. Leaves
glabrous on the upper surface in the adult state : radical and
cauline ones 4-6 inches long. Raceme twiggy, simple, or a
little branched at base. Bracteas 3 to each flower. Corolla
yellow ; the smaller segments furnished with a few hairs at the
base, as in V. Blattaria. Hairs of the longer filaments purple ;
of the rest purple on one side, and white on the other. Anthers
as in V. Blattaria.
J^ar. fi, Lusitdnicum (Schrad. verb. 2. p. 45.) larger in all its
parts ; lower leaves a foot long : the stem ones neuter, and
doubly and acutely crenated ; bracteas narrower. ^ . H. Na-
tive of Portugal. V. blattarioides, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 272.
HoflTm. et Link. fl. port. 1. p. 219.
Blattaria-Uke Moth Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1805.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
74 V. virga'tum (With, arrang. p. 250. Smith, engl. bot. t.
5p0.) leaves oblong-lancecilate, pubescent, toothed, sessile : radi-
cal ones sublyrate ; stem branched ; flowers in fascicles, nearly
sessile. $ . H. Native of Britain, in corn-fields and by way
sides. V. blattarioides, ft, virgatum, Schrad. verb. 2. p. 45.
Blattaria magno flore, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 859. Lob. icon. 1. t.
564. Stem branched from the base. Leaves dentately cre-
nated, pinnatifidly cut at the base, shining above : superior ones
cordate, sessile. Flowers disposed in nearly sessile fascicles,
yellow, large, with a purplish mouth. Perhaps only a variety
of r. blattarioides, as considered by Schrader.
Twiggy Moth Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Fl. 5 to
6 feet.
75 V. GRANDiFLORUM (Schrad. hort. giitt. fasc. 2. p. 19. t.
13. verb. 2. p. 47.) leaves coarsely crenated, pubescent beneath :
lower ones elliptic-oblong, attenuated into the petioles : cauline
ones oblong, acute, sessile : superior ones broad-ovate, cordate,
acuminated, stem-clasping; racemes spicate, elongated; pedicels
solitary, shorter than the bracteas, and are, as well as the calyxes,
downy. $ . H. Native country unknown, but probably of
Spain. Stems many from the same root, divided into floriferous
branches at top. Leaves deep green, and glabrous above.
VOL. IV.
Bracteas 3 to each flower. Racemes 1-2 feet long. Flowers
crowded, but at length more remote. Corolla yellow. The 3
smaller filaments woolly : the 2 larger ones pilose on the inner
side. Anthers of the longer filaments oblong.
Great-flowered Moth Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
76 V. pyramida'tum (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 161. suppl. p.
155.) leaves downy beneath : lower ones oval-oblong, doubly
crenated, petiolate : cauline ones oblong-ovate, cordate, acute,
nearly sessile : superior ones broad-ovate, acuminated, sessile ;
racemes panicled ; pedicels usually solitary, shorter than the
bracteas. 1/. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia; and of
Hungary, in woods, hedges, and among bushes. Schrad. verb.
2. p. 48. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 31. V. Caucasicum, Hort. Stem
downy, branched at top. Leaves at length canescent, smoothish
above, a span to 1 foot long, wrinkled. Racemes subspicate,
disposed in a panicle, like those of V. Lijchnltis and V.flocco-
sum. Flowers remote, sweet-scented : the lower ones sometimes
twin. Pedicels a little shorter than the calyxes. Bracteas soli-
tary. Corollas yellow, size of those of I . Thdpsus. Filaments
clothed with purple villi. Anthers equal ; pollen vermilion.
Capsule downy.
Pyramidal-'Aowcxed Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804.
PI. 5 to 8 feet.
77 V. spiNosuM (Lin. amcen. acad. 4. p. 307.) stem frutes-
cent, spiny. T^ • F- Native of Candia, on the higher moun-
tains, but never below the altitude of 300 hexapods ; but in ste-
rile places about Alexandria. Lam. diet. 4. p. 222. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. grsec. t. 229. Verbascum Creticum, spinosum frutes-
cens, Tourn. cor. p. 8. — Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 10. f. 8. — Alp.
exot. p. 37. t. 3G. — Clus. hist. p. 299. with a figure. Habit
distinct from other species. Stem much branched ; bark sca-
brous. Branches tomentose, but naked in summer ; branchlets
naked, flexuous, leafless, spinescent. Leaves linear-lanceolate,
an inch long, obtuse, more or less sinuated, becoming gradually
smaller and more entire as they ascend ; with fascicles of smaller
entire leaves in the axiUas of the upper ones. Peduncles at the
extremity of the branches, scattered, spinescent, propped each
by a small bractea. Corollas small, yellow, tomentose outside.
Filament? clothed with white wool. Anthers all reniform :
pollen orange-coloured.
Spiny Mullien. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to
11 foot.
t Doubtful species.
78 V. BoeriiaaVii (Lin. mant. 45.) leaves sublyrate ; flowers
sessile. ©. H. Native of the South of Europe. Willd. spec.
1. p. 1002. V. liiteum. Mill. fig. 273. V. blattaria foliis ni-
grum amplioribus, florilTus luteis, apicibus purpurascentibus,
Boerh. ludgb. 1. p. 228. Till. pis. t. 50.? Leaves sessile, a
little decurrent, spatulate, narrowed at the base, sinuated, naked
above, and tomentose beneath. Spike like that of F. Thdpsus,
but not so crowded, and with numerous bracteas to each flower.
Corolla yellow. Genitals purple, ex Lin. Perhaps a hybrid
between l^. phlomoides and some allied species.
Bocrhaave' s Mumen. Fl. July. Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
79 V. HjEmorrhoida'le (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 236.)
leaves ovate-oblnng, attenuated at the base, tomentose, obso-
letely crenulated ; racemes spike-formed, elongated ; fascicles
of flowers bractless. ^ . H. Native of Madeira. It is doubt-
ful whether this is a true species of the genus, from the want of
bracteas, and it is not enumerated in the second edition of Hort.
kew.
Hcemorrhoidal Mullien. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1777. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
3S
498
VERBASCINiE. I. Verbascum. II. Ramondia. III. Celsia.
80 V. corda'tum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 186.) leaves tomentose :
radical ones cordate, petiolate, crenulated, obtuse : cauline ones
stem-clasping, quite entire. ^ . ? H. Native of Mount Atlas,
near Tlemsen. Stem simple, or a little branched, tomentose,
erect, thickness of a finger. Flowers unknown.
Cordate-\ea\eA Mullien. PI. erect.
81 V. Claytonii (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 148.) gla-
brous ; stem very simple ; cauline leaves nearly lanceolate-
oblong, deeply crenated : the crenae again crenated ; spikes
like those of F. Blattuiia. $ . H. Native of Carolina. This
is probably only a variety of /'. Blatlaria.
Clayton's Mullien. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
82 V. sTRi'cTUM (Clark, trav. ed. 2d. pt. 2. sect. 1. p. 2G2.)
stem shrubby, erect; lower leaves spatulate-ovate, petiolate:
superior leaves ovate-lanceolate, obsoletely toothed or quite
entire, sessile ; all canescent from stellate hairs ; racemes elon-
gated ; pedicels divaricate, longer than the calyx. T; . F. Na-
tive of the Island of Rhodes. Plant tomentose. Leaves IJ to
2 inches long and more. Racemes panicled. Flowers large,
an inch in diameter, yellow.
Strict Mullien. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
83 V. LAXiFLORUM (Presl. del. prag. 1. p. 76.) leaves crenu-
lated, densely clothed with stellate tomentum on both surfaces :
radical ones oblong-ovate, mucronate : cauline ones sessile :
upper ones ovate, acuminated ; flowers panicled ; fascicles
many-flowered, loose. ^ . H. Native in the region of Mount
.Sltna.
Loose-Jlorvered Mullien. PI. ?
84 V. bractea'tum (Presl. del. prag. 1. p. 214.) leaves
ovate-oblong, toothed, green on both surfaces, rather tomen-
tose beneath : radical ones acute : lower cauline ones acuminated,
petiolate : upper ones lanceolate-linear, exceeding the aggre-
gate fascicles of flowers. $ . H. Native of Bohemia. Very
nearly allied to F. lychnltis, and is probably only a variety
of it.
Bracteate-Rowered Mullien. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
85 V. gla'brum (Delarb. in journ. de sante et d'hist. nat.
bourd. 2. p. 166. and in journ. soc. pharm. par. 1. p. 154.)
stem angular, branched ; leaves glabrous, obscure green : radi-
cal ones petiolate, elliptic, crenated : cauline ones subdecurrent,
cordate, auricled ; fruit spicate, sessile, bracteate. ^ . H. Na-
tive of France. If the cauline leaves of this species are truly
subdecurrent, it is distinct from all others.
Glabrous Mullien. PL
86 V. a'nnuum (Mill. diet. no. 11.) radical leaves oblong,
quite entire, deep green on both surfaces : cauline leaves acute,
sessile; flowers aggregate, pedicellate. $.1 ©. ? H. Native
of Sicily. Blattaria annua, flore majore luteo, capsula item
majore, Mor. hist. 2. p. 498. Lower leaves 10 inches long,
rounded at apex. Raceme long, loose, terminal. Flowers fas-
cicled, deep yellow. Capsule large, brownish. Perhaps V.
glabrum, Willd. ; the V. blattarioides, Lara.
Annual Mullien. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 4 to 9 feet.
Cult. The species of Verbdscum are generally tall, robust
plants, they therefore should be grown at the back of flower
borders, or in shrubberies, where they will make a showy ap-
pearance. They thrive in any common soil, and are all readily
increased by seeds ; and some of the perennial kinds by divi-
sions of the root. As there is hardly any genus more liable to
sport into hybrids than Verhascum by promiscuous impregnation,
it is difficult to say what is a hybrid, or what is a species in the
gardens. These hybrids we have found, however, to become
abortive generally about the third generation, plainly showing
that nature has its limits.
II. RAMO'NDIA (named in honour of L. Ramond, a French
1
botanist, and traveller in the Pyrenees ; author of " Voyages
au Mont Perdu," 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1801.) Richard in Pers.
eneh. 1. p. 216. Lam. et D. C. fl.fr.syn. 1. p. 236. Myc6nia,
Lapeyr. Chaixia, Lapeyr. Verhascum species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynta. Calyx campanulate, 5-
parted. Corolla rotate, S-lobed, or 5-parted, rarely 4-parted,
rather unequal, hairy at the base of the sinuses of the lobes.
Stamens approximate. Anthers perforated at the apex. Stigma
roundish. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved : valves bent in at the
margins, forming dissepiments ; placentas 2, parietal, many-
seeded. — A stemless plant, with radical, rosulate, wrinkled,
hairy leaves, and 1, or few-flowered scapes, and large purple
corollas.
1 R. Pyrena'ica (Rich, in Pers. ench. 1. p. 216.) "ii-.W.
Native of the Pyrenees and Piedmont, in groves. R. scapi-
gera, Jaume St. Hil. f;im. nat. 1. p. 280. Verhascum Myconi,
Lin. spec. p. 255. Mill. icon. t. 277. Curt. hot. mag. 236. My-
conia borraginea, Lapeyr. abr. p. 115. Chaixia Myconi, Lapeyr.
abr. suppl. p. 37. Cortusa foliis ovatis sessilibus, Lin. hort.
cliff, p. 50. Trew. ehret. p. 26. t. 57. Auricula Ursi Myconi,
Dalech. hist. p. 837. Leaves radical, ovate, tapering into the
petioles, disposed in a rosulate manner, broadly and deeply
crenated, clothed with long, rufous, silky hairs on the under
side and along the margins, and white hairs above. Scapes
naked, pubescent, 2-4 inches long, usually 1 -flowered, rarely
2-5 -flowered.
Pi/rejiean Ramondia. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. PI. | foot.
Cult. This is a pretty little alpine plant. It grows well in
common garden earth, and is well fitted for the front of flower
borders, or to be grown among other alpine plants. It is
readily propagated by division.
III. CETiSIA (named by Linneus, in honour of Olaus Cel-
sius, D.D. professor of the Greek language, and afterwards of
theology, in the University of Upsal.) Lin. gen. no. 757.
Schreb. gen. no. 1015. Juss. gen. p. 124. ed. Usteri. p. 139.
Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 262. t. 55. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 80.
Verhascum species, Tourn.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospennia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla rotate, 5-lobed. Perfect stamens 4, didynamous, that is 2
long and 2 short, all bearded. Anthers woolly. — Herbs. Leaves
simple, or pinnate. Flowers disposed in loose, terminal racemes,
rising each from the axil of a bractea, or small leaf.
Sect. I. Arctu'rus (from aptcroc, arctos, a bear ; and ovpa,
oura, a tail ; in reference to the long raceme of flowers, which
has been compared to a bear's tail.) Benth. scroph. ind. p. 5.
Herbs. Filaments all bearded ; anthers of all fixed by the
middle, 2-celled, and, with the cells, confluent.
1 C. orienta'lis (Lin. spec. 866. hort. ups. 179. t. 2.) lower
leaves jagged : cauline ones bipinnate. ©. H. Native of Cap-
padocia and Armenia. Lam. ill. 1. t. 532. Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. t. 605. Verhascum orientale Sophiae folio, Tourn. cor.
8.— Buxb. cent. 1. p. 14. t. 20. and 5. p. 17. t. 33. Plant gla-
brous or downy. Segments of leaves narrow. Calyx clothed
with glandular down. Flowers shorter than the bracteas, of a
rusty yellow colour outside; and yellow inside.
Eastern Cehia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1713. PI. 2 feet.
2 C. Pe'rsica (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 111.) perennial, pu-
bescent ; radical leaves bi])innatifid : cauline ones cut ; pedicels
much longer than the sublinear bracteas; calycine segments sub-
linear, one half shorter than the capsule, which is pear-shaped.
1/. H. Native of Caucasus, in dry stony places on the Talusch
mountains.
Persian Celsia. PI. 2 feet. ?
VERBASCIN.E. III. Celsia. IV. Isanthera.
499
3 C. Arctu'eus (Lin. syst. 561. Valil, symb. 3. p. 79.)
radical leaves lyrate : superior ones oblong ; pedicels longer tban
the bracteas ; calycine segments linear, quite entire. ^ . H.
Native of Candia. Curt. bot. mag. t. 1962. Verbascum Arc-
turus, Lin. spec. 254. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 117. — Column,
eepbr. 2. p. 81. t. 82. — Alp. exot. p. 123. t. 122. Floral leaves
sessile, cordate, serrately toothed. Corollas large, yellow. Fila-
ments bearded with purple hairs.
Bear's Celsia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1780. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
4 C. Coromandelia'na (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 79. Nees in Lin.
trans. 17. p. 80.) clothed with hoary villi; lower leaves lyrate:
floral ones cordate, half stem-clasping ; peduncles 3 times as
lonn as the calyx ; calycine segments ovate, somewhat serrated.
O. H. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow, size of
those of C. Arcturus.
J'ar. /?, Iietcrophylla (Nees, 1. c. p. 81.) lower leaves pinnate :
terminal leaflet large, ovate-lanceolate : upper leaves sessile,
subcordate ; stem much branched ; branches twiggy, racemose.
O. ? H. Native of the East Indies.? C. heterophylla, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 161. Flowers small, yellow.
Coromandel CeWiOi. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1783. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
5 C. viscosa (Roth, catalect. fasc. 2. p. 69. fasc. 3. p. 50.
Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 81.) clothed with clammy pubescence :
lower cauline leaves lyrate : floral ones cordate, half stem-
clasping ; peduncles equal in length to the flowers ; calycine
segments oblong-lanceolate, quite entire. ©. H. Native of
the East Indies, at Tanjore. Link. enum. 2. p. 146. C. Coro-
mandeliana, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 79. diagnosis, but not the de-
scription. Willd. spec. 3. p. 280. Corolla yellow, like those of
the preceding.
Clammy Celsia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Sect. II. Pseudotha'psus (from \p€vSr]Q, pseudes, false ; and
thapsus, the name of the shepherd's club.) Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 5. Herbs. The 2 longer stamens glabrous, with oblong
adnate anthers : the 2 shorter stamens bearded, having the an-
thers fixed by the middle, with the cells confluent.
6 C. Cre'tica (Lin. syst. 469. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 80.)
radical leaves lyrate : upper ones oblong ; flowers nearly sessile,
length of bracteas ; calycine segments ovate, serrated. ^ . H.
Native of the North of Africa and Candia. Curt. bot. mag.
964. Upper leaves or bracteas cordate, serrated, stem-clasping.
The 2 lower filaments smooth. Corolla yellow, large, marked
by 2 rust-coloured spots at the bottom on the upper side.
Plant hoary.
Crelan Celsia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1752. PI. 5 to 6 feet.
7 C. BETONic.EFoLiA (Desf. fl. atl. p. 58. Willd. spec. 3. p.
281.) hairy; leaves ovate-oblong, wrinkled, crenated : floral
ones lanceolate, half stem-clasping, shorter than the pedicels ;
calycine segments ovate, acute, wjtli serrated or entire edges.
i . F. Native of Algiers, in waste fields. Blattaria Hispanica
raaximo flore, Dodart. icon. Shaw. afr. no. 78. Stem simple,
or branched. Leaves glabrous, or scarcely hairy, often pinnate
at the base. Corolla yellow, the 2 superior segments marked
each by a purple spot. Lower filaments glabrous.
Betony-kaved Celsia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. III. Neffle'a (meaning unknown to us.) Benth. 1. c.
Small shrubs. Filaments all bearded. Anthers all terminal,
1 -celled, dehiscing by 2 ovate-acute valves.
8 C. lanceolVta (Vent. hort. eels. t. 27.) rather tomentose ;
leaves lanceolate, serrated, attenuated at the base ; pedicels
rather shorter than the floral leaves ; calycine segments entire,
acute. ^i . F. Native at the mouth of the Euphrates. Co-
rolla yellow, marked with purple spots at the base.
Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub
FIG. 45.
LanceolateAeaMeA. Celsia.
3 to 4 feet.
9 C. sublana'ta (Jacq.
fragm. 79. no. 247. t. 126.
Ker. bot. reg. 438.) shrubby,
clothed with woolly tomentum ;
leaves oval-oblong, obtuse, cre-
nated, wrinkled, soft. 1; . G.
Native country unknown.
Leaves doubly crenated, alter-
nate, petiolate, or furnished
with 1 or 2 pairs of sessile
leaflets at the base. Bracteas
sessile, acute, small, subser-
rated. Flowers sweet-scented.
Woolly Celsia. Fl. July,
Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
10 C. parviflora ; radical
leaves pinnatifidly runcinate, to-
mentose on both surfaces ; stem branched, nearly naked ; flow-
ers small. Vi . H. Native country unknown. Verbascum
parviflorum. Lam. diet. 4. p. 222. Pers. "ench. 1. p. 216.
Radical leaves size of those of Leontodon Taraxacum. Seg-
ments ovate, or ovate-oblong, acutish, entire, or a little toothed.
Flowers in fascicles. Ovarium tomentose. Flowers size of
those of Scoparia diilcis. Capside size of Coriander seed.
Small-JloTvered Cehia. Shrub 1 to li foot.
t Doubtful species.
11 C. Bernade'sii ; stem nearly naked; leaves lanceolate,
dentately sinuated, glabrous; peduncles solitar)'. $ . 'i H.
Native of Spain, on hills towards the town called Ortalezza.
Verbascum Bernadesii, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 39. Stem glabrous,
simple. Radical leaves numerous, petiolate, hardly 3 inches
long, somewhat pinnatifid, acute, with lanceolate toothed seg-
ments ; floral leaves small, cordate, cuspidate. Calycine seg-
ments unequal both in size and shape, all a little denticulated.
Corolla yellow, Vahl. Peduncles an inch long.
Bernades's Celsia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 C. lyra'ta ; hairy; radical leaves lyrately-pinnatifid at
the base, having the margins angularly-toothed : cauline leaves
unequally toothed, nearly sessile ; calycine segments serrated.
^ . ? H. Native of Spain ?. Verbascum lyratum. Lam. diet.
4. p. 222. Stem weak, flexuous, leafy. Leaves glabrous
above, or almost so, 3-4 inches long. Cauline leaves cordate,
acute : upper ones stem-clasping. Flowers large, yellow, on
short pedicels, solitary, disposed in a long raceme. Calycine
segments unequal. Corolla 3 inches in diameter. The two
lower filaments naked. Perhaps the same as C. Crelica.
LyraleAeayed Ceh\a. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to
4 feet.
Cull. The species of Celsia have much the habit of the
species of Verbascum, and like them bear showy yellow flowers.
The seeds of them should be reared on a gentle hot-bed ; and
when the plants are of sufficient size they should be set sepa-
rately in pots, as they require protection of a greenhouse or
frame the first winter. In May of the second year they may
be planted out into the open border in any warm, sheltered
situation, where they will flower and ripen their seed. C. suh-
lanata and C. jjarvf/lura, being shrubby, will require the same
treatment as a geranium, or other common greenhouse shrub.
IV. ISANTHE'RA (from img, isos, equal; and argijpa,
anthera, an anther ; in reference to the stamens being 5, and
equal.) Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 82.
3 s 2
500
VERBASCINiE. IV. Isanthera. SCROPHULARINEiE.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dicecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx
5-cleft. Corolla rotate. Stamens 5, equal, straight, glabrous.
Anthers reniform, 1 -celled, opening by a vertical, longitudinal
chink, clasping a semicircular connective. Stigma truncate.
Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, inserted in 4
lamelliform placentas. Female flowers without any corolla.
Pistil as in the hermaphrodite flowers. Rudiments of stamens
tubercle-formed.
1 I. PERMOLLis (Nees, 1. c.) — Native of the East Indies, but
in what particular part is unknown. Plant clothed with soft
rusty wool. Leaves obovate-cuneiform, acute, tapering into the
petioles, green above, white beneath, and rusty on the nerves
and rib beneath. Flowers fasciculately glomerate in the axils
of the leaves, nutant. Calyx woolly. Corolla glabrous, shorter
than the calyx. Stem erect, filled with white medulla. Down
simple.
Soft Isanthera. PI. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Celsia, p. 499.
Order CLXIX. SCROPHULARI'NE^ (this order con-
tains plants agreeing with the genus Scrophularia in particular
characters.) R. Br. prod. p. 433. D. Don, in edinb. phil. p.
108. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 15.— Scrophulariae and Pediculares,
part. Juss. gen. p. 99. & 117. Personatae part. Lin. nat. ord.
Calyx 4-5-parted, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypo-
gynous, deciduous, irregular, bilabiate, personate, or ringent,
imbricate in aestivation. Stamens usually 4, didynamous, some-
times only 2, and sometimes with the rudiment of a fifth.
Ovarium 2-celled. Style one ; stigma 2-lobed, or undivided.
Fruit capsular, rarely baccate, 2-celled, 2-4-valved. Seeds
small. Albumen copious. Embryo terete, erect, inclosed,
straight. Radicle inferior looking to the umbilicus. — Herbs or
shrubs, various in habit, usually with opposite leaves. Inflo-
rescence various.
From the great diversity of form found in this order, and
from its partaking, both in habit and structure, of those orders
to which it is more immediately allied ; for example, the group
Scrophulariice closely approximates them to Verbiscince and
Solanacece ; the Gratihlece connects them with Lentibularece ;
the Antirrhinece and Gerardiece with Cheldnece and BignoniacecB ;
the Calceoliirece with Gesneriacece ; the Euphrasiece with Rlii-
nanthacece ; and their affinity to Verhenacea is clearly establish-
ed through the Buddleiece. The Verhdscince approacli so closely
to the first group as to be only distinguished by their symmetri-
cal flowers.
The greater part of Linnaeus's D'tdynamia Angiospermla are
found in this order. Capsular fruit and didynamous stamens
being amongst the most obvious characteristics of the order.
The species are natives of all parts of the world. Some of the
plants of this order are highly ornamental, as Digitalis, Calceo-
laria, Veronica, Russelia, Alonsoa, Linaria, Maurdndya, An-
tirrhinum, Gerdrdia, Mimulus, Collinsia, &c. ; others are mere
weeds. Most of them have a weak, unpleasant smell, a bitter-
ish taste, and acrid and suspicious properties ; the taste is refresh-
ing in Mimulus luteus, which is a culinary plant in Peru, and the
ordinary acrid properties become emollient in some Antirrhi-
nums. The leaves and roots of Scrophularia aqudtica, Gra-
tiola officinalis, and Peruviana and Calceolaria act as purga-
tives, or, in strong doses, produce vomiting ; these proper-
ties exist in a high degree in Digitalis p)urpurea. The leaves
of this plant reduced to powder excite vomiting and vertigo,
excite urine and saliva, and lower the pulse ; in too strong doses
they cause death ; in moderate doses they are useful in scro-
phula, dropsy, asthma, &c.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Scrophularie'je. Calyx deeply 5-parted ; segments dilated,
with scarious edges, imbricate in aestivation. Corolla tubular,
or campanulate, ventricose ; limb bilabiate, 5-lobed. Stamens
4, fertile, didynamous ; cells of anthers confluent at apex,
inserted in a fleshy connective. Stigma capitate, or 2-lobed.
Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment double, fixed to the inflexed
margins of the valves, placentiferous on both sides. Testa of
seeds thick, spongy, corrugated. Albumen fleshy. Embryo
almost the length of the albumen. — Shrubs and herbs. Leaves
opposite and alternate. Flowers terminal, racemose, yellow,
purple or scarlet.
1 Digita'lis. Corolla tubular, dcclinate ; lower lip the longest.
2 Isople'xis. Corolla tubular, incurved ; upper lip the longest.
S Scrophula'ria. Corolla with a subglobose tube, and a
very unequal limb.
4 Alonsoa. Corolla subrotate, resupinate from the twisting
of the pedicels.
5 Russe'lia. Corolla tubular, straight. Valves of capsule
bipartible.
Tribe II.
Antirrhi'ne^. Calyx deeply 5-parted, imbricate in aesti-
vation. Corolla personate, ventricose ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate.
Stamens 4, fertile, didynamous, sometimes with the rudiment
of a fifth. Cells of anthers distinct at top. Stigma 2-lobed.
Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment undivided ; placentas spongy,
adnate. Seeds with a thick, spongy, corrugated, or cellular
testa. Albumen fleshy. Embryo almost the length of the
seeds. — Herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves opposite, or alternate.
Flowers terminal, spicately racemose, or axillary solitary.
6 Antirrhinum. Corolla personate, saccate, or gibbous at
the base. Capsule opening by 3 valvate pores under the apex,
rarely by 2 irregular holes.
7 Lina'ria. Corolla personate, spurred at the base. Cap-
sule opening by 2 lids at top, or by 4-10-tooth-formed, or valve-
formed parts.
8 Anarrhi'num. Corolla bilabiate, spurred, or spurless at
the base ; throat open and naked. Capsule opening by 2
valve- formed lids at top.
9 Galve'sia. Corolla bilabiate ; throat naked ; tube elon-
gated, gibbous at the base. Capsule bursting irregularly under
the apex.
10 Maura'ndya. Corolla personate, gibbous at the base.
Capsule dehiscing by 10 teeth at apex.
1 1 Lophospe'rmum. Corolla bilabiate ; tube wide, gibbous
at the base. Capsule dehiscing irregularly under the apex.
SCROPHULARINEiE.
501
12 Neme^sia. Corolla personate, spurred at the base. Cap-
sule compressed, truncate at apex.
1 3 Leucophy'llum. Corolla tubularly campanulate, bilabi-
ate, without any spur at the base ; palate convex. ?
Tribe III.
Gratiolex. Calyx usually tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla tubu-
lar, ventricose, sometimes personate ; limb 5-cleft, bilabiate.
Stamens 4, didynamous, all, or only 2 of them, fertile ; cells of
anthers diverging, distinct at apex. Stigma usually bilamellate.
Capsule often membranous, 2-celled, 2-4-valved, rarely almost
1 -celled ; dissepiment membranous, fixed to the inflexed margins
of the valves ; placentas spongy, at length free. Testa of seeds
somewhat crustaceous. Albumen fleshy. Embryo length of
seeds. — Herbs rarely sub-shrubs. Leaves opposite, or verti-
cillate. Flowers axillary or terminal, usually yellow or purple.
§ 1. Stamens 2, or 4, rvhen i, 2 of them are iterile.
14 Gkati'ola. Corolla tubular. Two upper stamens fertile.
Capsule 4-valved.
15 Beyri'chia. Corolla tubular. Two lower stamens fer-
tile. Valves of capsule hardly cleft.
16 Acheta'ria. Corolla tubular. Two lower stamens fer-
tile. Valves of capsule bipartible.
17 MoNTiRA. Corolla funnel-shaped; limb 5-cleft, almost
equal. Capsule didymous, 4-valved.
18 Dopa'trium. Corolla much longer than the calyx, with a
wide throat. Two upper statnens fertile. Capsule 4-valved.
19 MicROCARPiE'A. Corolla minute, hardly exceeding the
calyx. Stamens 2, none sterile. Capsule 2-valved.
20 Pepli'dium. Corolla equal in length to the calyx. Sta-
mens 2, none sterile. Capsule dehiscing irregularly.
21 Bonna'ya. Stamens 4, 2 lower ones sterile. Capsule
dehiscing valvately. Valves entire.
22 Hydrotriche. Corolla nearly regular. Stamens 2,
without any rudiments of sterile ones.
23 Hemia'nthus. Calyx 4-toothed, cleft. Upper lip of
corolla obsolete : lower one tripartite. Stamens 2 ; lateral clefts
antheriferous.
24 Pterosti'gma. Two upper stamens fertile ; upper seg-
ment of calyx the largest. Capsule with a loculicidal dehis-
cence ; valves bifid.
§ 2. Stamens 4, all fertile, somelhnes n'lth the rudiment of
a fifth.
25 Lindenbe'rgia. Cellsof anthers separate. Calyx half 5-cleft.
26 Stemodia. Cells of anthers separate. Calyx 5-parted.
27 Doda'rtia. Calyx tubular ; teeth straight. Lower lip
of corolla papillosely bigibbous at the base.
28 Ma'sus. Calyx campanulate ; teeth spreading. Lower
lip of corolla papillosely bigibbous at the base.
29 LiMNoPHiLA. Calyx tubularly campanulate. Lower lip
of corolla glabrous, with flat segments.
30 Morga'nia. Calyx 5-parted, equal. Lower lip of corolla
with obcordate, equal segments.
31 Herpe'stis. Segments of calyx very unequal. Corolla
bilabiate, with flat segments. Valves of capsule bipartite, with
flat margins.
32 Mecardonia. Segments of calyx unequal. Corolla tubu-
lar, sub- bilabiate. Stigma oblique, sub-capitate ; valves of cap-
sule entire, parallel.
33 Bra'mia. Segments of the calyx unequal. Corolla cam-
panulate, somewhat regularly 5-cleft. Ovarium girded by a
toothed disk. Valves of capsule bipartite.
34 Spii.erothe'ca. Segments of the calyx nearly equal.
Valves of capsule bipartite, with flat margins.
35 Di'ceros. Segments of calyx equal. Corolla funnel-
shaped : limb bilabiate. Anthers bicornute. C'apsule globose ;
valves entire.
36 Loxophy'llum. Calyx 5-parted, bilabiate. Corolla bila-
biate ; upper lip emarginate, erect. Stamens exserted. Capsule
globose ; valves bipartite.
37 Matou'rea. Calycine segments rather unequal. Valves
of capsule nearly entire.
38 Cacona'pea. Calycine segments unequal : upper one the
largest. Stamens inclosed. Valves of capsule bipartite.
39 Rana'ria. Calycine segments equal in length : the 3
outer ones the broadest. Limb of corolla 4-cleft, nearly equal.
Valves of capsule bipartite.
40 Vande'llia. Calyx nearly equal, 5-toothed, or 5-parted.
Two lower filaments appendiculate, or gibbous at the base.
Valves of capsules entire.
41 E'llobum. Calyx equal. Corolla funnel-shaped : limb
bilabiate ; upper lip retuse. Stamens exserted ; anthers con-
nected, mutic. Capsule silique-formed, subulate.
42 Artane'ma. Calyx nearly equal. Tube of corolla fur-
nished with 4 scales inside. Two lower filaments appendicu-
late, or gibbous at the base.
43 Tore'nia. Calyx plicate, obliquely 5-toothed. Two
lower filaments appendiculate, or gibbous at the base.
44 Hetera'ntha. Anthers of the upper filaments large, and
clasping the style. Calyx 5-cleft.
45 Linde'rnia. Anthers equal. Lower filaments bifid.
Calyx 5-parted. Valves of capsule entire.
46 Limose'lla. Anthers equal. Calyx 5-toothed, or 5-
cleft. Valves of capsule entire.
47 Hydranthe'lium. Calyx deeply 4-parted. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped ; limb 3-lobed : the hind lobe large and emarginate.
Anthers equal.
48 Conobea. Calyx 5-cleft. Capsule 1-celled, 4-valved.
Anthers sagittate.
49 MiMULUS. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla personate. Cap-
sule 2-valved, with flattish margins.
50 Leucoca'rpus. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla personate.
Fruit baccate.
51 Uveda'lia. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla ringent. Capsule
4-valved, with flattish edges.
52 Hemiphra'gma. Corolla tubular, sub-bilabiate. Capsule
baccate, 2-valved ; valves bipartite.
53 Colli'nsia. Corolla gibbous above the base : limb very
irregular. Capsule 2-valved ; valves bipartite.
Tribe IV.
Gerardie'^. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla campanu--
502
SCROPHULARINE^.
lately ventricose ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didyna-
nious, usually exseited ; anthers 2-celled, often bearded ; cells
diverging, distinct at apex, usually spurred at the base. Stigma
elavate, undivided. Capsule bipartible ; dissepiment composed
of two combined lamina ; placentas narrow, spongy. Seeds
angular ; testa loose, thick, favosely cellular. Albumen fleshy.
Embryo sub-foliaceous, nearly the length of the seeds ; radicle
short, obtuse. — Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite, scabrous.
Flowers axillary, solitary, or terminal, and spicately racemose,
yellow or purple.
§ 1. Calyx tubularly campanulate, 5-toothed, or 5-cleft.
54 Gera'rdia. Calyx 5-toothed, or semi-5-cleft. Corolla
campanulate, or tubularly campanulate ; tube longer than the
calyx. Stamens inclosed. Cells of anthers equal.
55 Sopu'bia. Calyx S-toothed. Corolla campanulate ; tube
shorter than the calyx. Stamens exserted, equal. Cells of
anthers unequal.
56 Seyme'ria. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla with a short
tube, and a subrotate spreading limb. Stamens a little longer
than the corolla ; cells of anthers nearly equal.
57 Macranthe'ra. Calyx 5-cleft, foliaceous ; segments
denticulate. Corolla cylindrically tubular, nearly equal, with a
5-toothed apex. Stamens exserted.
58 Esterha'zia. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubularly fun-
nel-shaped. Stamens much exserted.
59 Glossostylis. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla oblique, cam-
panulate. Stamens exserted.
60 Phtheirospe'rmum. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate.
Stamens inclosed. ? Stigma 2-lobed.
61 Escobe'dia. Calyx tubular, pentagonal, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed.
^ 2. Calyx inflated, 5-toothed or 5-cleft.
62 Physoca^lyx. Calyx inflated, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped.
QS Mela'sma. Calyx inflated, 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate.
64 Gastrome'ria. Calyx inflated, 5-toothed. Corolla cam-
panulate.
§ 3. Calyx compressed, cleft on one side, at length somemhat
i-lobed.
65 Centranthe'ra. Character the same as that of the
section.
Tribe V.
Veroni'ce^. Calyx 4-5 parted, imbricate in aestivation.
Corolla rotate, 4-lobed, or tubular and sub-bilabiate. Stamens
2 or 4, exserted, distant ; anthers incumbent ; cells parallel,
distinct. Stigma capitate. Capsule membranous ; dissepiment
narrow, composed of two separable lamina ; placentas very
short, in the middle of the dissepiment. Seeds compressed,
with a membranous testa. Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo
minute, terete, located in the base of the albumen. — Herbs or
subshrubs. Leaves usually opposite. Flowers axillary or ter-
minal, solitary or racemose, blue, red or white.
^ 1. Stamens 2.
66 Vero'nica. Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla rotate, unequal.
67 Diplophy'llum. Calyx of 2 sepals. Corolla rotate, un-
equal. Capsule 4-seeded.
68 Lepta'ndra. Corolla tubular, sub-ringent : lower seg-
ment the smallest.
69 PjEderota, Corolla tubular, straight, bilabiate : upper
lip entire, or emarginate.
70 Calorha'bdos. Corolla tubular, incurved, with an
oblique, 2-3-cleft mouth.
71 Wulfe'nia. Corolla tubular, declinate ; limb 4-5-cleft.
72 Gymna'ndra. Corolla tubular, straight, with a sub-
bilabiate limb.
§ 2. Stamens 4, didynamous.
73 PicRORHi'zA. Corolla campanulate, shorter than the calyx.
74 Geochorda. Corolla fimnel-shaped.
Tribe VL
Buchne'rejE. Calyx tubular, striated, 5-cleft. Corolla sal-
ver-shaped ; limb nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed.
Anthers for the most part l-lobed, from the cells being
contiguous, seated on a thick, elevated connective. Stigma,
undivided. Capsule with a simple dissepiment ; placentas nar-
row, columnar, adnate longitudinally, or at length free. Seeds
minute, smooth, scrobiculate, with a membranous testa. Albu-
men fleshy. Embryo much shorter than the seed. — Herbs or
subshrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate. Flowers terminal,
spicately racemose, white or red.
§ 1. Valves of capsule entire.
75 StrIga. Tube of corolla abruptly incurved ; limb bila-
biate.
76 Buchne'ra. Calyx short, tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla
salver-shaped. Capsule straight.
77 Rhamphica'rpa. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla
salver-shaped. Capsule obliquely beaked.
78 Cy'cnium. Calyx long, tubular, foliaceous. Corolla sal-
ver-shaped. Capsule straight, fleshy.
§ Valves of capsule hifid,
79 Nycteri'nia. Calyx bilabiate. Stamens 2, inclosed ;
with oblong-linear anthers ; the other 2 a little exserted, with
short or abortive anthers.
80 Polycare'na. Calyx bilabiate. Anthers all exserted,
and similar.
81 PiiYLLOPODiuM. Calyx 5-cleft. Anthers all exserted,
and similar. Bracteas adnate to the pedicels.
82 Sphena'ndra. Calyx 5-cleft. Anthers similar, exserted.
Corolla rotate.
83 ChjEnostoma. Calyx 5-cleft. Anthers similar, exserted.
Bracteas free from the pedicels. Corolla campanulate or funnel-
shaped.
84 Lype'ria. Calyx 5-cleft. Anthers all inclosed. Tube
of corolla gibbous or incurved ; limb bilabiate. Peduncles
axillary, or disposed in leafy racemes or spikes.
85 Manulea. Calyx 5-cleft. Anthers all inclosed. Co-
rolla tubular ; limb nearly equal.
86 Eri'nus. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla tubular, with a 5-
SCROPHULARINEiE.
503
parted, nearly equal limb ; lobes obcordate. Stamens nearly
equal, inclosed. Capsule ovate.
Tkibe VII.
Buddleie'*. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla tubu-
lar ; limb 4-cleft, equal, spreading. Stamens 4, nearly equal,
inclosed. Anthers composed of 2 parallel distinct cells. Stig-
ma clavate, 2-lobed. Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment con-
stituted from the bent-in margins of the valves, inserted in the
thick spongy placenta. Seeds angular, scobiform, with a loose,
membranous testa. Albumen fleshy. Embryo almost the length
of the seeds. Cotyledons oblong-compressed. Radicle very
short — Shrubs with quadrangular branches, opposite, reticu-
lately veined leaves ; and terminal, capitate, spieate, or panicled
flowers. Corollas generally orange-coloured.
87 Buddle'a. Character the same as that of the tribe.
Tribe VIII.
Calceolarie'.*. Calyx 4, rarely 5-parted, valvate in aestiva-
tion. Corolla irregular, bilabiate. Stamens 2-4, inserted in
the throat of the corolla. Cells of anthers diverging at the
base, but confluent at the apex. Stigma undivided, capitate.
Capsule membranous. Dissepiment constituted from the bent-in
margins of the valves ; placentas 2, stipitate, or adnate to the
dissepiment. Seeds minute, with a mucrone-formed umbilicus ;
testa membranous. Albumen fleshy. Embryo terete, half the
length of the albumen. — Herbs or subshrubs, usually clothed
with glandular pubescence. Leaves opposite, usually undivided.
Flowers terminal, for the most part corymbosely panicled, or
racemose, yellow, rarely purple.
88 Calceola^ria. Lower lip of corolla incurved, calceo-
late : upper lip small. Stamens 2.
89 Jovella'na. Both lips or lobes of corolla concave, nearly
equal, spreading. Stamens 2.
90 B.e'a. Corolla spreading; lower lip 2-parted : upper 3-
lobed. Capsule long, corniculate. Stamens 2.
91 Hemimeris. Lower lip of corolla concave, blunt ; upper lip
cloven, with a kind of bag at the base. Stamens 2, or didynamous.
92 Thylaca'ntha. Lower lip of corolla large, saccate at the
base, trifid : upper lip short, bifid. Stamens 4, didynamous.
Capsule round, valveless.
93 Angelloxia. Lower lip of corolla saccate at the base,
trifid: upper one smaller, bifid. Stamens 4, didynamous. Cap-
sule 2-valved.
Tribe IX.
Euphrasie'^. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla bilabiate.
Stamens 4, didynamous. Cells of anthers parallel, usually
spurred at the base. Stigma undivided. Capsule crustaceous ;
dissepiment placentiferous on both sides. Seeds with a mem-
branous testa. Albumen fleshy. Embryo terete, slender,
straight, almost the length of the albumen. — Herbs with oppo-
site leaves, and terminal, subspicate, bracteate flowers.
§ 1 . Cells of anthers spurred at the base.
94 Euphra'sia. Calyx campanulate, 4-cleft. Superior lip
of corolla galeate, emarginate ; lower lip large, spreading, with
eniarginate segments.
95 Odonti'tes. Calyx campanulate, 4-cleft. Upper lip of
corolla emarginate, galeate : segments of the lower lip equal,
linear. Anthers oblong, a little oxserted.
96 Ba'rtsia. Calyx campanulate or tubular, 4-cleft. Upper
lip of corolla galeate, compressed, entire ; segments of the lower
lip quite entire, reflexed.
97 Bu'ngea. Calyx tubular, 4-cleft. Upper lip of corolla
tridentate : lower one trifid.
98 Siphonoste'gia. Calyx funnel-shaped ; tube elongated ;
limb 4-5-parted. Upper lip of corolla incurved ; lower one
short, with entire segments.
99 Lamourou'xia. Corolla tubular, compressedly ventri-
cose ; upper lip galeate, entire : lower one with obtuse lobes.
} 2. Cells of anthers mutic at the base.
100 CastilleVa. Calyx compressed, bifid or quadrifid, cleft
on one side. Upper lip of corolla linear, channelled, entire.
Cells of anthers unequal.
101 Orthoca'rpus. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 4-cleft.
Upper lip of corolla small, compressed. Cells of anthers un-
equal.
102 Schwa'lbea. Calyx compressed, obliquely 5-clett.
Upper lip of corolla arched. Cells of anthers equal.
103 Lafue'ntea. Calyx tubular, 5-parted. Cells of anthers
equal.
Tribe X,
Teedie'jE. Calyx 5-parted. Limb of corolla nearly equal.
Fruit baccate.
104 Tee'dia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped.
105 Freyli'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped.
Tribe XI.
Hallerie'/e. Calyx small, 3-lobed, unequal, permanent.
Corolla large, funnel-shaped ; throat ventricose ; limb erect,
oblique, 4-cleft, unequal ; upper segment the largest, and emar-
ginate. Stamens 4, didynamous. Fruit baccate, roundish, ter-
minated by the style, 2-celled, many-seeded. — -A shrub with
opposite leaves, with the habit of Vitex.
106 Halle'ria. Character the same as that of the tribe.
■f Genera not sufficiently known.
107 Pi'kria. Calyx deciduous, 4-leaved, longer than the
corolla. Corolla ringent, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous :
the 2 longer stamens bearing 1 -celled anthers, and the 2 shorter
stamens bearing 2-celled anthers. Berry ovate, 2-celled, many-
seeded.
108 Diplanthe'ra. Calyx 3-cleft ; hind segment entire:
lateral ones bifid. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip obcordate.
Stamens 4, exserted, nearly equal. Cells of anthers diverging.
Ovarium 2-celled ; placentas 2, adnate in each cell. Stigma
bilamellate.
109 GoMA^RiA. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla irregular; tube
curved. Nectary cup-shaped. Stamens 4, didynamous. Cap-
sule 2-celled.
110 Rhyncoglossum. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Stamens 4,
2 sterile. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved.
504
SCROPHULARINE;!:. I. Digitalis.
Tribe I.
SCROPHULARIE'vE (this tribe contains plants agreeing
with Scrophularia in the characters indicated below.) D. Don,
in edinb. phil. journ. 19. p. 110. July, Oct. 1835. Calyx
deeply 5 -parted ; segments usually dilated, with scarious mar-
gins, imbricate in estivation. Corolla tubular or campanulate,
ventricose ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous,
often with the rudiment of a fifth. Cells of anthers confluent at
apex, inserted into a fleshy connective. Stigma capitate or
2-lobed. Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment double, formed
from the bent-in margins of the valves, placentiferous on both
sides. Testa of seed thick, spongy, corrugated. Albumen
fleshy, nearly the length of the albumen. — Herbs or shrubs,
mostly natives of Europe. Leaves opposite and alternate.
Flowers terminal, racemose, yellow or purple. This tribe
comes near to Verbascineee in habit more than in character.
I. DIGITA'LIS (so named from the resemblance of the
flower to the finger of a glove, digitate, or from the adjective
digitalis, of or belonging to a finger. Parkinson says, some
thinking Foxglove to be a foolish name, do call them finger
flowers, because they are like unto the fingers of a glove, the
ends cut off.) Fuschs. hist. p. 892. Tourn. inst. p. 165. t. 73.
Lin. gen. no. 758. Schreb. gen. no. 1017. Juss. gen. p. 120.
ed. Usteri. p. 135. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 247. t. 53. Lindl.
dig. mon.— Campanula, Trag. kreut. 2. cap. p. 125. — Virga
rfegia Cfesalp. pi. 348. — Gesneria spec. Lin. hort. cliff", p. 318.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx unequal. Co-
rolla tubular at the base, funnel-shaped : limb obliquely 4-lobed :
upper segment much shorter than the lower one or lip, and is,
as well as it imbricate in aestivation. The rudiment of the fifth ;
stamen hardly conspicuous. Stigma simple, or bilamellate.
Capsule ovate, acuminated. — Herbs with alternate leaves, and
terminal racemes of secund, bracteate, drooping flowers.
§ 1. Corolla oblong-ventricosc ; upper segment transverse.
Stametis shorter than the tube.
1 D. PURPUV.EA (Fuschs. hist. 892. t. 893. Lin. spec. 866.)
leaves oblong, rugose, crenated ; calycine segments ovate-ob-
long ; segments of corolla transverse, acute ; peduncles straight,
about equal in length to the calyxes. 7/ . H. Native of Eu-
rope, as of Denmark, Germany, Switzerland ; Britain, in sandy
gravelly soils near London ; it grows plentifully about Charlton
w-ood, Norwood, Sec. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 247. t. 53. Curt. fl.
lond. fasc. 1. t. 48. VVoodv. med. bot. 71. t. 24. Oed. fl. dan.
t. 74. Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 222. Lindl. dig. t. 2.
.Stev. et Church, med. bot. 1. t. 18. — Blackw. t. 16. — Riv. mon.
t. 104. — Lob. icon. 1. p. 572. f. 1, 2 — Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. S.
f. 1. Plant pubescent. Corollas large, purple, marked inside
with dark purple spots, which are edged with white. The
colour, however, varies from dark purple to cream-colour and
white.
Foxglove has been analysed by Destouches. Four ounces of
the dried leaves yielded successively 9 drachms of watery and
78 grains of alcoholic extract. The first was brown, smooth,
and of a consistence fit for making pills. The second had a
very deep green colour, a virose and disagreeable smell, the con-
sistence of tallow, but more tenacious, did not furnish ammonia
by distillation, and was not acted upon by acids. The ashes
contained salts of lime and potass. The efl^ects of Foxglove
when taken into the stomach are to diminish the frequency of
the pulse, and the irritability of the system ; and to increase the
action of the absorbents, and the discharge by urine. In exces-
sive doses it produces voiniting, dimness of sight, vertigo, deli-
rium, hiccough, convulsions, collapse, and death. For these
symptoms the best remedies are cordials and stimulants. Inter-
nally Z)ig^i<a/(s has been recommended. 1. In inflammatory
diseases, from its very remarkable power of diminishing the
velocity of the circulation. 2. In active haemorrhages, and
phthisis. 3. In some spasmodic aflPections, as in spasmodic
asthma, palpitation, &c. 4. In mania from effusion on the brain.
5. In anasarcous and dropsical effusions. 6. In scrophulous
tumours. 7. In aneurism of the aorta, and hypertrophy of the
heart. Externally it has been applied to scrophulous tumours.
It may be exhibited — 1. In substance, either by itself, or con-
joined with some aromatic, or made into pills, with soap or gum
ammoniac. Withering directs the leaves to be gathered before
the plant comes into flower ; he rejects the petioles and midrib,
and dries the remaining part either in the sunshine or before the
fire. In this state they are easily reduced to fine green powder,
which is given in doses of one grain twice a day, and the dose is
gradually increased until it acts upon the kidneys, stomach, pulse,
or bowels, when its use must be laid aside, or suspended. 2.
In infusion : the same author directs a drachm of dried leaves to
be infused for 4 hours in eight ounces of boiling water, and an
ounce of any spirituous water to be added to the strained liquor
for its preservation. Half an ounce, or an ounce of this infusion
may be given twice a day. 3. In decoction. Darwin directs
that four ounces of the fresh leaves be boiled in two pounds of
water, until they are reduced to one, and that half an ounce of
the strained decoction be taken every two hours, for four or
more doses. 4. In tincture, put one ounce of the dried leaves,
coarsely powdered, into four ounces of diluted alcohol : let the
mixture stand by the fire-side 24 hours, frequently shaking the
bottle, and the saturated tincture, as Darwin calls it, must then
be separated from the residuum by standing, or decantation.
Twenty drops of the tincture were directed to be taken twice or
thrice a day, but the dose is dangerous. The Edinburgh college
use eight ounces of diluted alcohol to one of the powder, but let
it digest seven days. 5. The expressed juice and extracts are
not proper forms of exhibiting this very active remedy. — Wood-
ville and Duncan.
Jar. albiflhra ; flowers white 1/ . H. Native along with
the species. — Gerard, emac. 790. f. 2.
PMryj/t'-flowcred, or Common Foxglove. Fl. Clt. PI. 3 to 5 feet.
2 D. Tha'i'si (Lin. spec. 867.) leaves oblong, rugose, crenated,
undulated, decurrent ; calycine segments ovate ; segments of
corolla ovate-roundish ; peduncles slender, arched, much longer
than the calyx. %. H. Native of Spain, Portugal, Savoy,
&c. Smith, exot. bot. p. 83. t. 43. Hofl["m. et Link, fl. port. p.
223. t. 30. Lindl. dig. p. 10. t. 3. D. verbascifolia, Bocc.
mus. t. 85. D. Hispanica purpurea minor, Tourn. inst. p. 165.
— Barrel, icon. 1183. Plant tomentose, in habit much like D.
purpurea. Corollas purple ; throat pale, marked with blood
red dots.
Var. ft, intermedia (Lindl. dig. p, 11. t. 4.) stems simple,
taller ; segments of corolla obsolete. 1/ . H. Native of Por-
tugal about Cintra and Grandola. D. purpiirca. Tab. icon. t.
568. D. tomentosa, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 220. t. 20.
Sims, bot. mag. 2194. — Besl. hort. eyst. ord. 1. fol. 2. f. 2.
Mullien-hke Foxglove. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1752. B.
1818. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
3 D. mi'nor (Lin. mant. p. 567. syst. ed. 13. p. 470.) radical
leaves recurved to the ground, lanceolate, flat, denticidated ;
racemes few-flowered ; segments of corolla ovate-roundish,
dilated, quite glabrous : superior one bifid ; peduncles 3-times
longer than the calyxes. 1)1. H. Native of Spain. Sims, bot.
mag. 2160. Lindl. dig. p. 12. t. 5, 6. D. Hispanica purpil-
rea, minor, Tourn. inst. p. 165. Stem glabrous, or downy.
Leaves glabrous above, downy beneath : upper ones quite entire.
Corolla purplish, large for the size of the plant, marked by many
spots inside.
Smaller Foxglove. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. PI. | to
if foot.
i D. AMBi'ouA (Murr. comm. goett. p. 6. Lin. syst. p. 562.)
SCROPHULARTNEjE. r. Digitalis.
505
leaves ovate-lanceolate, tootlied, sessile, nerved ; lower bracteas
about equal in length to the flowers ; corolla reticulated : with
ovate, transverse, obtuse seiiinents. %. H. Native of" Austria,
Switzerland, Germany, East of Siberia and Persia, in shady
places. Schkuhr, handb. t. 174. Lindl. dig. p. 1,3. t. 7. R.
Br. hort. kevv. 4. p. 28. D. lutea, Guildst. reis. 1. p. 425.
Poll. pal. no. 599. D. grandiflora. All. ped. 1. p. 70. Mill,
diet. no. 4. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 332. D. media. Roth, catalect.
2. p. 60. D. intermedia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 1()2. Plant hairy.
Leaves downy beneath. Corollas large, yellowish, reticulated
with brown. Genitals glabrous.
Ambiguous Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
5 D. ocHROLEu'cA (Jacq. austr. 1. p. 36. t. 57.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, and are, as well as the stem,
villous ; bracteas lanceolate : lower ones twice as long as the
flowers ; corolla villous, reticulated : segments ovate, acute :
lip bearded. %. H. Native of Austria, Germany, Croatia,
Carpathian mountains. Lindl. dig. p. 14. t. 8. D. ambigua,
Schrank, mon. 3, with a figure. D. lutea, Tabern. icon. t. 567.
Roth. fl. germ. 1. p. 267.— Besl. eyst. ord. 1. fol. 1. f. 3.—
Knip. cent. 6, with a figure. Corolla yellow, reticulated with
brown.
^'ar. ji, fuscescens (Lindl. dig. p. 14.) flowers smaller, brown.
% . H. Native of Croatia. D. fuscescens, Waldst. et Kit. 3.
p. 304. t. 274.
Cream-coloured-&onered Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ?
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 D. fu'lva (Lindl. dig. p. IS. t. 9.) leaves lanceolate, cili-
ated ; bracteas all not half so long as the flowers ; corolla
downy, reticulated : segments ovate, acute : lip bearded ; sta-
mens about equal in length to the tube. %. H. Native coun-
try unknown. D. obsciiro-ferruginea, Koclr. in act. petrop. 2.
p. 261. — Park. par. 381. f. 5.? Plant glabrous. Leaves cili-
ated and pilose on the veins beneath, smooth, bullate, and
tainted with purple above. Calyx downy. Corolla fulvous,
reticulated with rust-colour. Stainens glabrous. Perhaps a
hybrid between D. obscura and D.ferrug'inca.
Tajiin^-flovvered Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? PI. 2 to
3 feet.
§ 2. Corolla roundish-ventricose. Lip length of lube. Stainens
equal in length to the lube.
7 D. l.eviga'ta (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 171. t. 158.)
glabrous, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers scattered,
glabrous. %. H. Native of Croatia, on calcareous rocks.
Lindl. dig. p. 16. t. 10. Radical leaves obovate-lanceolate,
obscurely-toothed ; upper ones recurved, 5-nerved. Corolla
fulvous, reticulated ; lip ciliated, white ; segments obtuse.
Smooth Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
8 D. Sibi'rica (Mill. diet. no. 9. Lindl. dig. p. 16. t. 11.)
villous, branched ; leaves ovate, distantly-toothed ; flowers
scattered, pilose. 11. H. Native of Siberia, Tartary. Upper
leaves quite entire. Calyxes villous. Corolla hairy ; segments
ovate, transverse, acute ; lip drawn out. Corolla rust-coloured,
reticulated.
Siberian Foxglove. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet.
9 D. FERRUGiNEA (Tab. icon. t. 573. Lin. spec. 867.) ra-
ceme dense, pyramidal ; calycine segments margined ; lip of
corolla ovate, entire, bearded. % . H. Native of Piedmont,
Spain, Hungary, Caucas\is, Iberia, and Persia. Bieb. cauc. 2.
p. 80. Lindl. dig. p. 17. t. 12. Sims, bot. mag. 1828. D.
latifolia flore ferrugineo, Tourn. inst. p. 166. — Mor. hist. 1. p.
477. sect. 5. t. 8. f. 2, 3. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 105.— Sabb. hort.
rom. 2. t. 86.— Ger emac. 790. f. 4.— Park. par. 380. no. 1. f.
VOL. IV.
6. Stem glabrous, densely leafy. Leaves glabrous, or ciliated.
Racemes long. Corolla rusty, reticulated inside, downy outside.
Var. l3, parvijldra (Lindl. dig. p. 17.) flowers about lialf the
size of those of the species. Tf. . H. Native of Persia and
Caucasus.
/ro7i-coloured-flowered Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
10 D. au'rea (Lindl. dig. p. 18. t. 13.) racemes many-flow-
ered ; calycine segments marginate ; corolla arched : lip ovate,
tridentate. 1/ . H. Native of Mounts Parnassus and Olym-
pus. D. ferruginea. Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 439. fl. grsec.
t. 606. — Mor. hist. 1. p. 478. sect. 5. t. 8.— Park par. 381. f.
6. Stem downy. Leaves distant, distantly-toothed, nearly
glabrous : superior ones linear-lanceolate. Corolla fuscescent,
brownish purple outside, yellow, and reticulated inside.
GoWra- flowered Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
11 D. leucoph«"a (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 439.
fl. grsec. t. 607.) raceme dense, cylindrical, many-flowered ;
lip of corolla unguiculate, lunate ; bracteas linear, longer than
the flowers. 11. H. Native of Greece, on Mount Athos.
Lindl. dig. p. 18. t. 14. Corolla rust-coloured; lip white.
Grcj/-flowered Foxglove. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1788. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
12 D. LANA^TA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 153. Waldst. et Kit. 1. p.
76. t. 74.) leaves oblong ; rachis woolly ; lip of corolla ovate.
1/. H. Native of Hungary, in vineyards. Sims, bot. mag.
1159. Lindl. dig. p. 19. t. 15. D. Winterli, Roth, catal. 1. p.
71. D. ferruginea, /3, Lam. diet. 2. p. 280. R. Br. hort. kew.
4. p. 29. D. orientalis. Elm. mon. 45. t. 1. D. eriostachya,
Fisch. ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 251. ? Leaves deep green, cili-
ated witli wool. Racemes dense, many-flowered. Bracteas
shorter than the flowers. Calycine segments villous, acute.
Corolla downy, grey, reticulated ; lip white, naked, sometimes
purplish.
^Foo%-spiked Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
13 D. ORIENTA LIS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 280. but not of Mill.)
quite glabrous ; leaves linear ; flowers scattered ; lip of corolla
oblong. H. H. Native of the Levant. Lindl. dig. p. 19. t. 16.
Ker. bot. reg. 554. Sims, bot. mag. 2253. D. orientalis, tra-
gapogi folio, flore albido, Tourn. inst. p. 166. Stem glabrous.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, recurved, 3-nerved. Rachis naked.
Calycine segments obtuse, ciliated. Corolla campanulate, grey,
pale outside, reticulated vi'ith purple inside, pilose : lateral and
superior segments minute ; lip white, obtuse.
EasternFoxg\ove. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
§ 3. Corolla funnel-shaped, a little venlricose ; upper segment
bifd. Stamens equal in length to the tube.
14 D. PARViFLORA (Jacq. vind. 6. t. 17. Ker. bot. reg. t.
257.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, undulated, deflexed, ciliated
with wool, entire ; racemes dense, cylindrical ; segments of
corolla, as well as those of the calyx, roundish. J/. H. Na-
tive country unknown. Lindl. dig. p. 20. t. 17. R. Br. in
hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 29. D. ferruginea, var. y. Lam.
diet. 2. p. 280. Leaves margined with wool : radical ones
obovate. Corollas small, brownish purple, pilose.
Small-flowered Foxglove. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1798. PI.
1 1 to 3 feet.
15 D. viRiDiFLoRA (Lindl. dig. p. 21. t. 18.) clothed with
glandular hairs; leaves oblong, toothed; segments of corolla
ovate; sepals subulate. %. H. Native of Greece, on Mount
Athos. Racemes long, not dense. Corolla small, green ; seg-
ments ovate, veiny.
3 T
506
SCROPHULARINEiE. I. Digitalis. II. Isoplexis.
Green-JIowered Foxglove. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 2 to
3 feet.
16 D. ri'gida (Lindl. dig. p. 21. t. 19.) plant clothed with
glandular hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, wrinkled, undulated,
toothed ; racemes secund, many-flowered ; corolla downy,
with ovate, obtuse, glandular segments. 1/. H. Native
country unknown. Corolla small, yellow, purplish above.
StiJ Foxglove. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? PI. l^ to 2 feet.
17 D. purpura'scens (Roth, catal. 2. p. 62. D. C. fl. fr. 5.
p. 411. exclusive of the var. Lindl. dig. p. 22. t. 20.) leaves
linear-lanceolate, serrated, glabrous ; racemes secund ; corolla
glabrous, with roundish segments. 1(. H. Native of Germany
and Italy, in stony places on mountains. D. erubescens, Dry-
and. mss. R. Br. in hort. kew. 4. p. 29. Habit of D. lulea.
Radical leaves obovate, pilose on the nerves beneath. Corolla
reddish, spotted inside ; segments ciliated: upper one entire.
P«j-j)fo/i-flowered Foxglove. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1776. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
18 D. lute'scens (Lindl. dig. p. 22. t. 21.) leaves cordate-
oblong, flat, crenated, glabrous ; racemes secund ; corolla gla-
brous, with very blunt segments ; bracteas all shorter than the
flowers. % . H. Native country unknown. Stem slender,
nearly naked. Bracteas, calyxes, and ovaria beset with a few
hairs. Corolla long, tubular, glabrous ; segments ciliated ;
upper lip bifid. Anthers yellow, spotted with blood colour.
Corolla pale yellow.
Yellonnsh-Aowexei Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 2
to 3 feet.
19 D. TUBiFLoRA (Lindl. dig. p. 22. t. 22.) segments of co-
rolla ovate, obtuse ; flowers declinate. l/.H. Native country
unknown. Nearly allied to D. lutea. Corolla pale yellow,
long, narrow.
Tuhe-Jlowered Foxglove. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3
feet.
20 D. lu'tea (Lin. spec. 867.) leaves lanceolate, toothed,
glabrous ; racemes secund ; corolla glabrous, with ovate,
bearded segments ; lower bracteas longer than the flowers.
% . H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe, as of France,
Switzerland, Silesia, Carniola, Piedmont, Italy, &c. Bull. herb,
t. 373. Jacq. vind. 2. p. 47. t. 105. Ker. hot. reg. t. 'Z5i.
R. Br. hort. kew. 4. p. 29. Lindl. dig. p. 23. t. 23. D. parvi-
flbra. All. pedem. 1. p. 70. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 597.- Riv. mon.
t. 105. D. minor luteo parvo flore, Tourn. inst. p. 165. — Lob.
icon. t. 573. — Mor. hist. 1. p. 479. sect. 5. t. 8. — Sabb. hort.
rom. 2. t. 98. Stem simple, smooth, angular, glabrous, or
downy. Superior leaves subcordate at the base. Racemes
dense. Peduncles glabrous, or downy. Corolla pale yellow,
downy towards the top. Anthers pilose.
Var. (3, micrdntha (Lindl. dig. p. 23.) calycine segments about
equal in length to the corolla, y. . H. Native of Europe.
D. micrantha, Elm. mon. 46. t. 2.
Var. y, hybrida (Lindl. dig. p. 23. t. 24.) flowers large, pale ;
stem more erect. 11 . H. Native of Auvergne, and the Py-
renees. D. hybrida, Salv. nov. bull. 3. p. 337. t. 6. Journ.
phys. 1782. p. 285. t. 1. f. 1, 2. D. intermedia, Lapeyr. abr.
D. purpurascens, var. /3 and S, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 411. Elm.
mon. p. 45.
Var. 3, fucata (Lindl. dig. p. 23. t. 25.) flowers larger,
brownish purple ; stem more erect. %. H. Native of Europe.
D. fucata, Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 151. Pers. ench. 2. p. 162. D.
purpurascens, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 411.
reZ/ow-flowered Foxglove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1629. Pi.
li to 3 feet.
21 D. lacinia'ta (Lindl. bot. reg. 1201.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, jagged, glabrous ; raceme subsecund ; corolla
downy, with ovate, bearded segments : lower lobe or lip ovate.
acute ; bracteas all much shorter than the pedicels. 1/. . H.
Native of Spain, on the mountains about Malaga, P. B. Webb.
Corolla yellow. It diflfers principally from D. lutea in the cut
leaves.
Jagged-leaved Foxglove. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI.
li to 2 feet.
22 D. obscu'ra (Lin. spec. 867.) sufTruticose ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous; corolla ventricose. 1^. G.
Native of Spain. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 40. t. 91. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2157. Lindl. dig. p. 24. t. 25. R. Br. hort. kew. 4. p.
30. D. Hispanica angustifolia, flore nigricante, Tourn. inst. p.
166. — Bocc. mus. p. 136. t. 98. Stem simple, glabrous.
Leaves deep green. Racemes loose, few-flowered. Calyx
downy. Corolla arched, downy, rufous outside, golden yellow
inside, veined with dark brown lines ; upper lip emarginate,
villous inside at the base. Anthers ciliated with glands.
Obscure ¥oxg\ove. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1778. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
t Sjiecies hardly known.
23 D. ? Cociiinchine'nsis (Lour. coch. 378.) leaves lanceo-
late, rough ; flowers sessile, solitary, axillary; calyxes acute;
corollas obtuse, emarginate at top. % . G. Native of Cochin-
china. Leaves quite entire, opposite. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
pale violet, bell-shaped, ventricose at bottom ; segments obtuse :
the upper one emarginate. Capsule ovate, acute, 2-celled.
Certainly not a species of Digitalis.
Cochinchina Foxglove. PI. Ih foot.
24 D. ? Sine'nsis (Lour. coch. p. 378.) leaves ovate, hairy ;
flowers solitary, axillary ; segments of calyx awl-shaped ; seg-
ments of corolla obtuse, all entire. %.! G. Native of China.
Stems tufted, smooth. Leaves opposite, serrated. Upper seg-
ment of the calyx larger, and sometimes bifid. Corolla dusky
purple, bell-shaped, ventricose, 4-cleft : its upper segment the
largest. Stigma screw-shaped. Capsule ovate-conical, 2-
grooved, 2-celled. Certainly not a species of Digitalis.
China Foxglove. PI. 1 foot.
25 D. Mille'ri ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, nerved ; calyxes
acute. If. . H. Native of Tartary. D. orientalis. Mill. diet,
no. 7, but not of Lam. Leaves smooth : cauline ones half
stem-clasping. Corolla yellow, size of those of D. ambigua.
Miller i Foxglove. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 foot.
Cull. Most of the species of Foxglove are showy, and well
fitted for decorating flower borders. They all grow freely in
common garden earth, and are readily increased by seed. Some
of the more tender species require protection in winter.
II. ISOPLE'XIS (from t<roc, isos, equal ; and ttXikw, pleco,
to plait ; the upper segment of corolla is equal in length to
the lip.) Lindl. dig. p. 25. Digitalis species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angios])er7nia. Calyx unequal. Co-
rolla tubular at the base, campanulate ; liinb obliquely 4-lobed ;
upper segment equal in length to the lip, and, like it, incumbent
in aestivation. Stigma bilamellate. ? Capsule ovate, acumi-
nated.-— Stems shrubby. Racemes pedunculate.
1 I. Canarie'nsis (Lindl. dig. p. 25. t. 27.) segments of the
corolla acute. Ij . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Digitalis
Canariensis, Lin. spec. p. 868. Mill. fig. l.t. 120. Ker. bot. reg.
t. 48. R. Br. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 30. — Plukn. mant. t.
S25. f. 2. — Comm. hort. 2. p. 105. t. 52. Stem simple, downy.
Leaves permanent, lanceolate, serrated, pilose on the edges.
Calycine segments subulate : upper one the largest. Flowers
dense, golden yellow : superior lip obovate, emarginate ; lateral
segments subulate.
Canary-Island Isoplexis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1698. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
1
SCROPHULARINE^. III. Scrophularia.
507
2 I. sce'ptrum (Lindl. dig. p. 26. t. 28.) segments of corolla
obtuse ; racemes coinose. f; . G. Native of Aladeira, in shady
woods. Digitalis sceptrum, Lin. suppl. 282. Llier. angl. p. 21.
t. 24. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 27. t. 73. R. Br. in hort. kew. 4.
p. 31. Trunk di-trichotomous. Young branches fleshy, pilose.
Leaves obovate-lanceolate, denticulated, pilose beneath, crowded
at the tops of the branches. Racemes thyrsoid. Flowers
dense, pendulous, of a yellowish brown colour. Calycine
segments pilose, spatulate, the 3 upper the shortest. Co-
rolla pilose, reticulated ; segments oblong-roundish : superior
one flat, bipartite : lateral ones spreading a little smaller :
lower one concave.
Sceptre Isoplexis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
Cult. Both species of Isoplexis are very showy when in
blossom. A light rich soil answers them well ; and they may
be either increased by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seed,
which ripen plentifully.
in. SCROPHULA'RIA (so named from its supposed use in
the cure of scrofula.) Tourn. inst. p. 166. t. 74. Lin. gen.
no. 756. Schreb. gen. no. 1014. Juss. gen. p. 119. ed. Usteri.
p. 133. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 249. t. 53. Neck. elem. 1. p. 343.
Lam. diet. 7. p. 27. ill. t. 533. Scrofularia, Spreng. anleit. ed.
2d. 1. p. 394. Wydler. mon. scrof.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, or
usually 5-cleft, nearly equal. Corolla with a ventricose sub-
globose tube, and a short 5-lobed limb : segments short, round-
ish : the 2 upper ones combined with the upper lip. Stamens 4,
fertile, didynamous, declinate, the rudiment of a fifth often
present; anthers 1 -celled. Style simple, thickened at the apex.
Stigma emarginate. Capsule almost globose, or ovoid, often
acuminated ; valves entire, but often also shortly bifid at apex.
The fifth filament, when present, is adnate, bearing a sessile,
lamelliform, or emarginately spatulate anther or tip. — Herbs or
under-shrubs with a fetid smell. Leaves opposite ; or the supe-
rior ones are sometimes alternate, entire, or deeply pinnatifid,
sometimes full of pellucid dots. Inflorescence thyrsoid ; peduncles
opposite, or alternate,cymosely many-flowered, rarely 1 -flowered.
Sect. I. Veni'lia (in myth, the wife of Neptune.) Rudiment
of a fifth stamen none.
§ 1. Thyrse leafy.
1 S. verna'lis (Lin. spec. p. 864.) hairy ; leaves roundish-
cordate, coarsely and multiplicately serrated, acute ; peduncles
opposite; lobes of calyx without a membrane, lanceolate ; lobes
of corolla short, connivent ; genitals exserted. ©. H. Native
of Europe, in shady, humid places ; particularly on the Cauca-
sian Alps. It is to be found in woods and hedges in some parts
of England, but is hardly indigenous. Schkuhr, handb. 2. t.
173. Smith, engl. bot. t. 567. Hook. fl. lond. t. 70. Oed.
fl. dan. t. 411. S. cordata, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 75. t.
73.— Barrel, icon. t. 273.— Mor. hist. p. 482. sect. 5. t. 8. f. 2.
— Riv. mon. irr. t. 107. f. 2. Upper leaves alternate and
smaller. Size and form of bracteas variable. Lobes of calyx
obtuse, or acute, full of pellucid dots. Corolla yellow. Ovarium
clothed with stipitate glands. Capside oblong, pear-formed.
Vernal Figwort. Fl. March, May. Britain. PI. 2 feet.
§ 2. Thyrse leafless.
2 S. pauciflora (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 17.) glabrous; stem
hardly angular ; leaves roundish-ovate, coarsely, acutely, and
doubly serrated ; thyrse elongated, few-flowered, with short,
remote cymes ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute, without
membranes, shorter than the capsule ; genitals inclosed. % .
H. Native of Gosaingsthan, Wall. Corolla yellowish, with
nearly equal segments. Capsule ovate, obtuse.
Few-flowered Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
3 S. orienta'lis (Lin. spec. 864.) glabrous ; lower leaves
pinnatifidly cut : superior ones lanceolate, all regularly and
sharply serrated ; peduncles subverticillate ; lobes of calyx
membranous, ovate; genitals exserted. % . H. Native of the
Levant, Siberia, and Caucasus. Schkuhr, handb. 2. p. 196. t.
175. Wydler. scrof. p. 26. S. ebulifoiia, Bieh. fl. cauc. 2. p.
77. and 3. p. 415.? but not of Link. S. orientalis foliis can-
nabinis, Tourn. cor. p. 9. Lower leaves 3-4 in a whorl, pinna-
tifid, or appendiculate at the base ; segments petiolate, all acu-
minated. Corolla greenish yellow outside, striped lengthwise
with purple inside : lobes of tlie upper lip shorter tiian the
others. Stigma pilose. Capsule oblong-conical, acuminated.
Eastern Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 3 to 4
feet.
Sect. II. Scorodonia (from oKopolov, scorodon, the Greek
name of garlic ; in reference to the fetid smell of the species.)
Sterile stamen present, adnate at the base, but free at the apex,
dilated and spatulate, or emarginate and reniform. Calycine
lobes roundish, or ovate, usually with membranous edges. Co-
rollas purplish-green, greenish, purplish white, rarely yellowish.
Genitals inclosed, or exserted. Fertile anthers yellow. Roots
fibrous, rarely tubercular and woody. Stem usually herbaceous,
but in a few species shrubby. Thyrse loose.
§ 1. Thyrse leafy.
4 S. grandifeora (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 143. Wydler,
scroph. p. 26.) leaves clothed with soft villi : lower ones inter-
ruptedly and lyrately pinnatifid : lobes alternate, ovate, acute,
toothed : terminal one large, broad, lanceolate ; upper leaves
ovate-lanceolate; caly.x membranous; genitals inclosed. 1|.
H. Native of South America. ? Leaves sometimes doubly
toothed ; teeth ciliated, mucronate ; petioles villous. Peduncles
5-flowered, mucii shorter than the leaves. Pedicels and calyxes
villous. Corolla large, deep red. Anther or top of sterile
filament reniform. Capsule almost globose.
Great-flowered Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1 820. PI, 2
to 3 feet.
5 S. sambucifolia (Alp. exot. 203. t. 202. Lin. spec. p.
865.) glabrous ; lower leaves deeply pinnate : upper ones tern-
ate, or undivided ; leaflets ovate, acute, deeply toothed : term-
inal one large ; calyxes membranous ; genitals inclosed. If. .
H. Native of Spain, Portugal, Corsica, North of Africa,
Levant, &c. Hill. veg. syst. 19. t. 48. Mirb. elem. bot.
(1815.) t. 30. f. 7. S. mellifera, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 68. Desf.
fl. atl. 2. p. 53. t. 143. S. viridiflora, Poir. voy. barb. 2. p.
194. S. Hispanica sambuci folio, glabro, Tourn. inst. p. 166.
— Mor. hist. 2. p. 483. sect. 5. t. 8. f. 6.— Munt. phyt. 45. f.
238. Mill. fig. 2. t. 231. Leaflets sometimes petiolate. An-
ther or top of sterile stamen reniform. Capsule acuminated.
Corolla purple ; lower lip greenish.
Far. ji, hirsuta (Wydler, scroph. p. 27.) plant hairy in every
part, canescent. If, . H. Native of Portugal. S. sambucifo-
lia, Willd. enum. 645. Link, fl. port. p. 272. S. grandiflora,
Rchb. icon. cent. 1. t. 98. but not of D. C. S. maxima Lusi-
tanica, sambueifolio lanuginoso, Tourn. inst. p. 166. S. Lusi-
tanica, maximo flore, foliis dissectis, Ray, hist, suppl. 396. This
is very like the species, but diflfers in all its parts being hairy.
Far. y, thijrso aphijllo (Wydler, 1. c.) thyrse leafless.
Elder-leaved Vigwon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1640. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
6 S. peregri'na (Math. comm. in Diosc. Cam. hort. p. 157. t.
43. Lin. spec. p. 866.) glabrous ; leaves cordate, shining,
3t2
508
SCROPHULARINEiE. III. Scrophularia.
glabrous ; peduncles alternate, 2-5-flowered ; lobes of calyx
not membranous, glabrous, acute; genitals inclosed. Q. H.
Native of Greece, Italy, Crete, Balearic Islands, and Provence,
along way-sides, in hedges, and shady places. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.
580. in add. p. 729. S. geminiflora. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 336. S.
sexangularis, Moench. meth. p. 445. S. minor, Sav. fl. pis. 2.
p. 81. S. arguta. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol. 2. p. 342. — Mor.
hist. 2. p. 481. sect. 5. t. S. f. 1. — Cliabr. sciagr. 470. icone
VaXiotpiQ, Diosc. Stem acute-angled at the base, but obtuse
angled at apex, dark purple. Leaves full of pellucid dots.
Corollas small, purple, veiny ; lobes all denticulated. Anther
or tip of sterile stamen reniform. Capsule almost globose.
Foreign Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1040. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
7 S. ScoRODoNiA (Lin. spec. p. 864.) pilose ; leaves cordately
triangular, doubly toothed, acute, wrinkled, all opposite ; edges
of the lobes of calyx white and membranous, clothed with
glandular hairs outside; genitals inclosed. %.H. Native of
the Island of Jersey, Siberia, Galicia, Portugal, Tunis, in humid
places and hedges. Hill. veg. syst. 19. t. 45. Lam. ill. t. 533.
Smith, engl. bot. 2209. S. scordiifolia, Grisl. vir. lus. p. 75.
S. melissajfolia, Tourn. inst. p. I(i6. Petiv. brit. 2. p. 35. f. 11.
S. scorodoniaefblia, Mor. hist. 2. p. 482. sect. 5. t. 35. f, 6.
Plukn. phyt. t. 59. f. 5. S. foliis cordatis, duplicato-serratis ;
racemo composite, Gmel. sib. 3. p. 195. Corolla small, brown-
ish purple. Anther or tip of sterile stamen reniform. Capsule
roundish. The plant of Desfontaines, under this name, differs
from that of Linnaeus in the thyrse being leafless, and the size of
the corolla.
Jar. jj. Leaves jagged at the base.
BalmAeaved Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
8 S. Castagnea'na (Wydler, scroph. p. 29.) angles of stem
rather downy ; leaves oblong-cordate, doubly and deeply
toothed, acute, rather downy : lower ones opposite : upper ones
alternate ; edges of the lobes of the calyx red, membranous,
glabrous outside ; genitals inclosed. l^.H. Native of Turkey,
about Constantinople, Castagne. Stem simple, striated. Leaves
full of pellucid dots ; teeth finely ciliated. Peduncles bifid ;
pedicels equal. Lobes of calyx ovate. Corollas larger than
those of .S*. nodosa, purple. Anther or tip of the fifth stamen
roundish, emarginate.
Castagne's Figwort. PI. 1| to 2 feet.
9 S. uRTic^FOLiA (Wall. cat. no. 3922. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 18.) downy, but at length nearly glabrous; leaves roundish-
ovate, coarsely and doubly toothed, cordate at the base ; pe-
duncles opposite, 3-7-flowered ; segments of the calyx broad
ovate, obtuse, with membranous edges ; genitals inclosed. % .
H. Native of Nipaul and Gosaingsthan, Wall. Corolla green-
ish : upper lip longer than the lower segments. Anther or tip
of sterile filament dilated, spatulate, and emarginate.
Nettle-leaved Figwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
10 S. Himalaye'nsis (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p.
18.) downy, tall ; stem obtuse-angled ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
somewhat doubly-toothed, subcordate at the base ; thyrse am-
ple, panicled, leafy at the base ; segments of the calyx ovate,
roundish, hardly membranous ; genitals exserted. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of the Himalaya, common. Corolla greenish. Anther or
tip of sterile stamen dilated, spatulate, and emarginate.
Himalaya Figwort. PI. 3 to 4 feet ?
§ 2. Thyrse leafless.
lis. polya'ntha (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 18.)
downy, tall ; stem rather angular ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
somewhat doubly toothed, narrowed unequally at the base, or
furnished with a few lanceolate segments ; thyrse elongated.
large, panicled ; segments of calyx ovate-roundish, with mem-
branous edges; genitals exserted. %. H. Native of Mus-
sooree, Royle. Corolla greenish.
Many-flowered Figwort. PI. 2 to 4 feet ?
12 S. ela'tior (Wall. cat. no. 3921. Benth. scroph. ind. p.
18.) glabrous, tall; stem angular, or winged; lower leaves
ovate, cordate at the base : superior ones ovate-lanceolate, all
doubly-toothed ; thyrse large, panicle-formed, almost leafless ;
segments of calyx deep, lanceolate, acute, not membranous ;
genitals exserted. 1|. H. Native of Gosaingsthan, Wall. Anther
or tip of sterile stamen dilated, spatulate, and emarginate.
Tall Figwort. PI. 3 to 4 feet ?
13 S. lanceola'ta (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 419. Nutt.
gen. amer. 2. p. 44. ? Wydler, scroph. p. 29.) glabrous ; lower
leaves ovate-lanceolate : superior ones lanceolate, all acute,
serrated ; peduncles bifid, 2-5-flowered ; calycine segments
with membranous edges; capsule roundish. %. H. Native
of Carolina, Pennsylvania, S;c. S. Marylandica, herb. D. C.
et Desf. Stem very simple. Leaves not cordate at the base.
Petioles shorter than the leaves. Corolla greenish yellow.
Genitals inclosed.
La7iceolate-\e&veA Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
14 S. NODOSA (Lin. spec. p. 863.) root tubercular ; stem
acute-angled, glabrous ; leaves glabrous, cordately triangular,
doubly serrated : teeth drawn out at the base ; segments of
calyx not membranous; genitals inclosed. 7i. H. Native of
shady, humid places, and edges of ditches, throughout Europe ;
plentiful in some parts of Britain, particularly in the north.
Schkuhr, handb. 2. p. 194. Smith, engl. bot. 1544. Oed. fl.
dan. 1167. Gunn. fl. norv. 2. p. 87. no. 732. t. 4. f. 1—3.
Hayne, arz. 5. t. 35. — Petiv. 193. f. 194. — Mor. hist. p. 482.
sect. 5. t. 8. f. 3. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 107. f. 1 Blackw. herb.
t. 87. — Lob. icon. 533. Roots knobbed. Leaves full of small
pellucid dots, sometimes not cordate at the base. Corollas green-
ish ; lip purplish. Anther or tip of sterile stamen reniform.
Capsule nearly globose. This species has the name Figwort
and formerly Kernelwort from its knobbed roots, and Brown-
wort from the brown tinge of the leaves. In medicine the plant
is hardly known in modern practice, but the rank smell, like
elder, and bitter taste of the leaves, seem to indicate some
active properties. Swine that have the scab are cured by
washing them with a decoction of the leaves. Wasps resort
greatly to the flowers. Goats eat the plant ; but cows, horses,
sheep, and swine refuse it.
Var. ft ; leaves 3 in a whorl.
Var. y ; flowers green.
Knotty-roote(^ Figwort. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
15 S. Maryla'ndica (Lin. spec. p. 863.) stem obtuse-an-
gled ; leaves cordate, serrated, acute, rounded at the base. 11 .
H. Native of North America and Siberia. S. nodosa, /3,
Americana, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 21. S. Marylandica,
longo profunde serrato urticae folio, Ray, hist, suppl. p. 396.
This species hardly differs from S. nodhsa, unless in the stem
being taller, in the teeth of the leaves being deeper ; but the
calyx, corolla, and capsule are the same as those of 5. nodosa.
Maryland Figwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 3 to 4
feet,
16 S. ScopoLii (Hoppe. cent, exsic. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 406.
Wydler, scroph. p. 31.) downy ; leaves ovate- cordate, regularly
and doubly crenated, or serrated, acute, wrinkled ; lobes of
calyx broad, ovate, with whitish, membranous edges ; genitals
inclosed. If.. H. Native of the Alps of Hungary, Carniola,
Pyrenees; in hedges, orchards, gardens, and waste places;
north of Caucasus, in groves ; and south of Tauria. Bertol.
SCROPHULARINE^. III. Scropiiularia.
509
anioon. ital. p. 382. S. aviriculata, Scop. earn. ed. 2(1. vol. 1. p.
416. t. 32. S. rugosa, Willd. cnum. suppl. p. 42. ? S. nepete-
f61ia, Smith, in Rees' cycl. 32. no. 7. — Barrel, icon. 274. S.
major hirsuta, Touni. inst. 106. Lower leaves very large, all
fnll of pellucid dots, without any auricles. Anther or tip of
sterile stamen reniform. Capsule nearly globose.
Jar. ft ; pedicels elongated, filiform. VVydler, scroph. p. 31.
Scopoli's ¥\g\\otU Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 feet.
17 S. grandidenta'ta (Tenore, fl. nap. suppl. 2. p. 69.
Guss. pl. rar. p. 255.) stems and petioles villous ; leaves cor-
date-oblong, downy beneath, deeply bidentate ; teeth diverging;
thyrse panicled ; peduncles trichotomous. %. H. Native of
Naples, Calabria, and Hungary, on the mountains. S. glandu-
losa, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 238. t, 214. S. Scopolii, ft,
glandulosa, Wydler, scroph. p. 31. Leaves 3-nerved, downy.
Peduncles and bracteas clothed with glandular hairs.
Large-tootlied-leaL\ed Figwort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1806.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
18 S. Californica (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnosa, 2. p. 585.
Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 153.) stem acute-an-
gled, glabrous, the floriferous part clothed with glandular down ;
leaves oblong-triangular, acute, cordate at the base, doubly
serrated, glabrous above, but sparingly beset with glandular
down beneath ; thyrse leafless ; calycine segments ovate, acute,
mucronate, the margins furnished with a narrow membrane ;
capsule ovate, conical. % . H. Native of California. Said to
be nearly allied to iS'. nodosa and iS*. Maryldndica.
Californiun Figwort. PI. 2 feet.
19 S. BEiONicEFOLiA (Tourn. inst. 166. Lin. mant. p. 87.
Wydler, scroph. p. 31.) rather pilose; leaves cordate-oblong,
acute, unequally toothed, wrinkled ; lobes of calyx roundish,
with rusty, membranous edges; genitals inclosed. %. H.
Native of Portugal, Canary Islands ; in Madeira, at the altitude
of from 2500 to 4000 feet. Hill. veg. syst. 19. t. 46. Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 785, exclusive of the syn. of Horn. — Barrel, icon.
274.? S. rugosa, hort. lugd. ex herb. Balb. Stem purplish.
Petioles ciliated. Leaves unequally and doubly toothed, or
rarely crenated ; the teeth ciliated with glandular hairs. Thyrse
usually leafless, but sometimes leafy. Corolla greenish purple,
or of a rusty green, size of those of S. 7ioddsa. Anther or tip of
sterile stamen green, marked with purple, reniform. Capsule
globose. .S'. betoniccefulia, of Brotero and Link, a native of Por-
tugal, is quite distinct from this.
Far. ft, glabra (Wydler, scroph. p. 31.) plant glabrous,
far. y, thi/rsofolihso (Wydler, 1. c.) thyrse leafy.
Betony-lcaved Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. 2
to 3 feet,
20 S. Hermi'ni (Link, et Hoifm. fl. port. 1. p. 266.) stem
hairy ; leaves cordate and subcordate, oval, and somewhat
doubly crenate-toothed, not wrinkled, downy ; capsule conical,
long. %. H. Native of Portugal, on Serra Estrella. Leaves
on long petioles. Lobes of calyx small, margined a little.
Upper lip of corolla pale brown, lower one green. Stamens and
anthers yellow.
Hermins Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
21 S. Alta'ica (Murr. in comm. goett. 1781. p. 35. t. 2.)
plant clothed with glandular villi ; leaves cordate, doubly
toothed, downy beneath, acute ; lobes of calyx broad-lance-
olate, acute, not membranous ; capsule roundish. If.H. Native
of Altaia. Leaves sinuately toothed ; teeth acute : lower
teeth reverse. Thyrse beset with glandular villi. Lobes of
calyx lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated. Anther or tip of sterile
stamen reniform. Genitals sub-exserted. Corolla whitish
yellow.
Altaian Y\gv; an. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1786. PI. 1 foot.
22 S. Smi'thii (Horn. hort. liafn. suppl. 68. Link, enum. 2.
p. 139. Wydler, scroph. p. 53.) hairy; leaves ovate-cordate,
multiplicately and deeply crenated, acute ; lobes of calyx
roundish, with red or yellowish membranous edges ; capsule
somewhat ovate. i;.G. Native of the Canary Islands. Stem
quadrangular, dark purple, branched. Corolla yellow. Geni-
tals inclosed. Anther or tip of sterile stamen reniform.
Smith's Figwort. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
'■iZ S. glabra'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 341. and ed. 2d. vol. 4.
p. 22.) glabrous; stem suffruticose ; leaves cordate-lanceolate,
acute, doubly and triplicately toothed ,- lobes of calyx with
white membranous edges ; genitals exserted ; capsule ovate-
globose. $ . G. Native of Tenerifle, among rocks on the
Pic de Teyde, at the altitude of 7000 or 8000 feet, where it is
called Yerba dc Cumbre. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. p. 44. t. 209.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 272. exclusive of the syn. of Vahl. Wydler,
scroph. p. 33. Loaves full of pellucid dots. Lobes of calyx
roundish ovate. Corolla purple, veined, size of that of S.
canlna. Anthers margined with red.
Far. ft, ? pubescens (Wydler, scroph. p. 33.) stem and leaves
downy. 2/. H. S. betonicaefolia, D. C. in herb. Balb. This
differs from iS'. belonkcefolia, Lin. in the lobes of the calyx not
being margined with rust colour.
Smooth^ Vhgvi on. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1779. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
24 S. biserra'ta (Willd. enum. p. 611. Wydler, scroph. p.
33.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply cordate, sharply and
doubly serrated, glabrous. %. H. Native country unknown.
Very like the preceding, and probably only a variety of it.
Doubly-sawed-leaved Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ISIO.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
25 S. Fffi'iiDA (Wydler, scroph. p. 31.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate-oblong, deeply and multiplicately crenated. % . H. Na-
tive country unknown. Plant fetid. Stem simple, or a little
branched, striated. Leaves full of pellucid dots. Peduncles
alternate, bifid. Lobes of calyx broad-ovate, sometimes glan-
dular outside, with membranous, chestnut-coloured edges. Co-
rolla size of those of S. nodosa, yellow, ex. D. C.
Felid Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
20 S. trifolia'ta (Lin. spec. p. 865.) glabrous ; stem
almost simple ; leaves ovate, or roundish, cordate, deeply-
toothed, or lobately crenated, often appendiculate at the base,
according to several authors, or deeply cut ; lobes of calyx
roundish, with reddish white membranous margins ; capsule
ovate-conical. <J. H. Native of Corsica, in mountainous
places ; and of Portugal, and the north of Africa. D. C. fl.
fr. 3. p. 581. Wydler, scroph. p. 34. S. laevigata, Vahl,
symb. 2. p. 67. S. appendiculata, Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 19. t.
286.— Plukn. aim. 338. t. 313. f 6. ? but the thyrse is leafy.—
Bocc. mus. t. 60. ? Stem tetragonal. Corolla globose : lower
lip whitish, the other reddish. Filaments white. There is
jirobably two species confounded ; the one having the leaves
never appendiculate, or ternate, and downy beneath.
Trifoliate Figwort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1731. P. 2 feet.
27 S. Hi'spiDA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 55. Wydler, scroph. p.
35.) hispid ; leaves pinnate at the base, doubly crenated : term-
inal lobe large, cordate ; cymes dense flowered ; lobes of calyx
margined with white, l^f . H. Native of Mount Atlas, in the
fissures of rocks near Tlemsen. Genitals inclosed.
Hispid Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 feet.
28 S. AURicuLA~TA (Lin. spec. p. 864. exclusive of the
synonymes. Wydler, scroph. p. 35.) leaves cordate-oblong,
appendiculate at the base, tomentose beneath, y.. H. Native
of Nice and Algiers, on the sides of ditches. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.
580. Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 56. exclusive of the syn. of Lob. Stem
tetragonal, rather pilose ; angles membranous. Leaves rather
pilose, crenated ; crena; br 'ad, mucronulate. Segments of
calyx roundish, with red membranous edges, glandular outside.
510
SCROPHULARINE^. III. Scrophularia.
Corolla, stamens, and sterile anther and capsule as in S. aqu/itka.
Smith considers this to be a variety of S. Scorodhnia, but
Wydler considers it a variety of iS'. aqxidtica.
Auricled-leaved Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1772. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
29 S. aqua'tica (Lin. spec. p. 864.) glabrous ; angles of
stem acute, membranous ; leaves ovate, or elliptic, subcordate
at the base, crenate-toothed : lower leaves usually appendicu-
late ; lobes of calyx margined with red ; genitals inclosed,
■y. H. Native throughout Europe, and in Caucasus, in moist
places by the sides of ditches, &c. ; plentiful in Britain.
Blackw. herb. t. 86. Schkuhr, handb. 2. p. 195. t. 173.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 854. Oed. fl. dan. 507. Hayne, arz. 5. t.
36. Chaumet, fl. med. t. 321. S. Balbisii, Horn. hort. hafn.
577. Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. p. 69. exclusive of the syn.
of All. S. appendiculata, Balb. herb. S. auriculata, Loefl.
itin. p. 292. ? Asso. arr. p. 81. ? Schkuhr, handb. 2. p. 195.
t. 173. Water Figwort, Petiv. brit. 2. t. 33. f. 10.— Mor.
hist, pract. p. 147. t. 68. f. 1.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 482. sect. 5. t.
78. f. 4. — Loes. pruss. p. 248. t. 75. — Lob. icon. t. 533. Leaves
sometimes without auricles, but always full of pellucid dots.
Cymes usually dense-flowered. Corolla blood red. The plant
is called Water Bctony, Brownwort, and Bishop leaves. The
leaves are recommended medicinally for the same purposes as
those of S. nodosa ; in taste and smell they are similar, but
weaker. M. Marchant has reported, in the memoirs of the
French Academy, that this plant is identical with the Equetaia
of the Brazilians, celebrated as a corrector of the ill flavour of
senna : the Edinburgh college, in their common infusion of
that drug, directed two thirds of its weight of water Figwort
leaves to be joined ; but as they have since discarded this ingre-
dient, we may presume that it was not found to be of much
use. The disagreeable smell which attends this plant when
bruised makes it rejected by cattle in general. Bees collect
much honey from the flowers.
Var. ft ; stem simple ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic ; flowers less
dense. %. H. Native of ditches about Geneva. Wydler,
scroph. p. 37.
Var.y, thyrse leafy. If.. H. Wydler, scroph. p. 37.
Water Figwort, or Water Betony. Fl. May, Sept. Britain.
PI. 3 to 5 feet.
30 S. lyra'ta (Willd. enum. p. 545. hort. berol. t. 55.)
leaves hairy on both surfaces : lower ones lyrately and inter-
ruptedly pinnate : superior ones ternate : upper ones simple,
auricled ; terminal lobe large, oblong-ovate, subcordate, bluntly
and doubly toothed. If.. H. Native country unknown. Brac-
teas beset with glandular hairs. Corolla brownish purple.
Genitals inclosed.
Lj/j-rt^e-leaved Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
31 S. EBtJLiFOLiA (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 270. Wyd-
ler, scroph. p. 37. but not of Bieb.) glabrous ; lower leaves
lyrate : segments somewhat duplicately, acutely, and deeply
crenated : superior leaves deeply pinnatifid : segments den-
tately crenated. % . H. Native of Portugal, on the sea-
shore near Setuval. Nearly allied to S. lyrata.
Var. ft \ leaves shining. "H. H. Native of Portugal, on
Serra de Gerrez.
Danen'ort-leaved Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
32 S. TANACETiFOLiA (Willd. hort. berol. t. 56. Link, enum.
2. p. 140.) glabrous ; leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets
petiolate, oblong-ovate, deeply toothed, the terminal lobe the
largest ; genitals exserted. 1/ . H. Native of North Ame-
rica. Anther or tip of sterile stamen nearly orbicular. Fertile
anthers dark purple. Segments of calyx with white membra-
nous edges, usually shining. Root and stem often woody.
Leaves more or less fleshy, rarely undivided, but usually pinna-
tifid, or pinnate. Corolla brownish purple.
Tansy-leaved Figwort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
33 S. VERBEN^FOLiA (Desf. Cat. hort. par. p. 77. Poir.
suppl. 5. p. 117. Wydler, scroph. p. 38.) stem simple, gla-
brous, herbaceous ; leaves cordate-oblong, laciniately pinnatifid,
unequally crenated and serrated, lower segments the deepest,
often auricled ; genitals exserted. X.V\. Native of Croatia,
on calcareous rocks. S. laciniata, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p.
185. t. 170. Segments of calyx margined with white. Corolla
size of that of jS'. nodosa, greenish ; upper lip purple.
Vervain-leaved Figwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. PI.
1 i to 2 feet.
34 S. Patrinia'na (Wydler, scroph. p. 39.) stem simple,
glabrous, herbaceous ; leaves ovate, acute, deeply and acutely
toothed: lower ones pinnatifid at the base : lobes acute. l^.H.
Native of Dauria. Stem striated. Leaves glabrous, on short
petioles. Peduncles 2-3-flowered. Lobes of calyx broad,
ovate. Corolla as in <S'. canina. Sterile anther roundish, white.
Patrins Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
35 S. iNCi'sA (Weinm. ind. pi. hort. dorp. 1810. p. 136.
Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 156. fl. alt. 2. p. 442.) leaves
oblong, attenuated at both ends, petiolate, deeply serrated,
thickish, glabrous ; panicle elongated, clothed with glan-
dular villi : lower branches 3-5-flowered : superior ones 2-3-
flowered. %. H. Native of Altaia, on rocks among the
mountains of Arkaul and Tschingistau ; and on the borders of
the river Tschuja, &c. Said to be nearly allied to S. laciniata,
but the leaves are never cordate at the base. Stem and branches
bluntly quadrangular. Corolla and anthers dark purple. Geni-
tals exserted. Margins of calyxes white, and membranous.
Cid-lcaved Figwort. Fl. May, June. PI. 2 feet.
36 S. divarica'ta (Led. ind. sem. hort. dorp. 1822. p. 17.
Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 121. fl. alt. 2. p. 440.) leaves cordate,
acuminated, doubly serrated, downy on both surfaces ; racemes
axillary, dichotoraous ; calycine segments acutish, adpressed ;
genitals inclosed. %. H. Native of Iberia, near Tiflis.
Stem and branches bluntly tetragonal, beset with glandular
hairs, and longer simple ones. Margins of the segments of the
calyx membranous. Corolla yellowish-green. Capsule nearly
globose, acuminated. Tlie thyrse of this species being leafy, it
ought to have been placed in the preceding section : the leaves
of the thyrse are deeply jagged.
Divaricate Figwort. Fi. May, Oct. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
37 S. Oliviekia'na (Wydler, scroph. p. 39.) stem glabrous ;
leaves ovate, deeply and dentately crenated, more or less pin-
nate at the base ; segments or leaflets petiolate, roundish. %.
H. Native of the Levant. Stem nearly simple, woody at the
base, striated, dark purple. Upper leaves roundish, subcordate.
Lobes of calyx roundish. Corolla form, size, and colour of 5.
canina. Sterile anther white. This is very nearly allied to S.
Urvilleana, but differs in the lobes of the calyx being broader,
and in the petioles being dilated.
Olivier s Figwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
38 S. micra'ntha (D'Urv. enum. arch. p. 75.) stem branched
at the base, glabrous, ascending ; branches weak ; leaves petio-
late, oblong, obtuse, auricled at the base, coarsely toothed ;
flowers small. %. H. Native of the Island of Ferasia, near
Thera. Wydler, scroph. p. 39.
Small-fonered Figwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
39 S. Urvilleana (Wydler, scroph. p. 40. t. 11.) stem sim-
ple, glabrous ; leaves roundish-cordate, lobed, rarely crenated.
%.H. Native of the Island of Melos, and at Thera, on walls
and on rocks, d'Urville. Stems numerous, dark purple. Lower
bracteas like the leaves. Peduncles alternate ; cymes 3-6-
flowered. Segments of calyx margined with white. Corolla
small, purple. Capsule roundish. This species hardly differs
from the preceding, and might with propriety be joined to it.
SCROPHULARINE^. III. Scrophularia.
511
Var. j3, lyrata ; lower leaves ovate : superior ones cordate-
ovate, all lyrately pinnate; leaflets cuneate, ovate, sometimes
petiolate : terminal one large, all deeply crenated. %. H.
Native along with the species. Wydler, scroph. p. 40. t. 3.
D'Urville's Figwort. PI. 1 to l"i foot.
40 S. variega'ta (Bieb. casp. 177. app. no. 48. fl. cauc. 3.
p. 416.) stem siiftruiicose ; leaves ovate, lobately toothed :
lower ones pinnatifid at the base, and rather downy. 1/. H.
Native of Caucasus, in stony places. Rchb. icon. cent. 3. t.
257. Corolla purple; lower lip white, as well as one of the
segments of the upper lip. Genitals exserted.
fariegated-Rowered Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816.
PI. 2 feet.
41 S. rhpe'stris (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 79. and 3. p. 417.)
stems nearly terete, clothed with hoary down ; leaves oblong-
ovate, attenuated at both ends, toothed, glabrous. 1/. H.
Native of the South of Tauria, among rocks. Willd. spec. 3.
p. 274. Rchb. icon. cent. 3. t. 258. S. orientalis, Habl.
taur. p. 164. ex Bieb. There is a variety of this having the
lower leaves cut at the base, and downy on the nerves beneath,
which is probably a variety of S. variegata. Genitals exserted.
ifocA- Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 feet.
42 S. Li'viDA (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 437. fl. graec. t.
601.) leaves pinnate : leaflets pinnatifid ; thyrse twiggy ; geni-
tals inclosed. ©. H. Native of Asia Minor, Sibthorp. Calyx
edged with white. Corolla greenish yellow ; upper lip purple.
Livid Figwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
43 S. Bi'coLOR (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 602.) leaves bi-
pinnate ; racemes panicled ; peduncles many-flowered ; capsule
globose, mutic ; stamens exserted. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily.
Calyx edged with white. Corolla blood-coloured, with a white
base ; lateral segments short, white ; the rest blood-coloured,
edged with white.
Two-coloured-fioviereA Figwort. PI. 3 feet.
44 S. multi'fida (Willd. enum. p. G4G. hort. berol. t. 58.)
stem simple ? glabrous, herbaceous ; lower leaves bipinnate ;
segments or leaflets lanceolate, deeply toothed, acute: superior
ones pinnate, or pinnatifidly cut : uppermost ones tripartite, the
middle segment long and toothed. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily
and Asia Minor. S. silaifolia, Clark, voy. ex Spreng. syst.
Corolla brownish-purple.
Mullifd ¥\g^\ott. Fl.June.Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
45 S. Lu'oiDA (Lin. spec. p. 865.) stem siiriple, glabrous,
shrubby ; leaves thickish, shining, pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid,
roundish or acute, toothed ; thyrse short, dense. l^.H. Native
of Italy, Greece, Levant, Iberia, and the North of Africa. D. C.
fl. fr. 3. p. 582. Willd. hort. berol. t. 57. S. glauco folio in
amplas lacinias diviso, Tourn. cor. 9. voy. 1. t. 85. (ed. 1717.)
1. t. 221. — Bocc. mus. t. 1 1 7.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 483. sect. 5.
t. 9. f. 7. ^icriptTie rpiTTi, Diosc. This species is readily dis-
tinguished from the rest in the peduncles and pedicels being
thick ; the calyx larger, and the membranes broader. Stems
always leafy at the base. Corolla pale, with a red upper lip ;
but according to Miller dark brown. Genitals inclosed.
Var. /5 ; leaves narrower. !(.. H. Wydl. scroph. p. 42.
Shining Figwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
46 S. FiLiciFOLiA (Mill. diet. ed. 8th. no. 10. Sibth. et
Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 436. Rees' cycl. vol. 32. no. 26.)
radical leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, lanceo-
late ; lobes acutely toothed : teeth mucronate ; flowers distant.
%. H. Native of Greece. S. Cretica, Riv. mon. irreg. t. 94.
Trev. in Linnaea, 2. p. 53. Radical leaves a foot long. Thyrse
H foot long, not short as in S. lUcidci ; and the jicduncles are
not thickened as in S. lucida. Segments of calyx margined
with white. Corollas small, purple, edged with white, ex
Mill. Genitals exserted.
Fern-leaved Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1700. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
47 S. DECOMPosiTA (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p.
18.) glabrous, shining ; leaves opposite, thickish, j)innate ; leaf-
lets deeply pinnatifid, lanceolate : lower ones petiolate ; thyrse
strict ; lower peduncles opposite: superior ones alternate, short,
stiff", 3-5-flowered ; segments of calyx with white margins, and
rufous membranes ; genitals exserted. %. H. Native of
Kinnour, Royle. Perhaps only a variety of S. lucida. Sterile
stamen with an orbicular tip.
Decompound-]ea\ed Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. III. Cani'na (so called on account of the species agree-
ing in character and habit with S. canina.) The fifth or sterile
stamen deficient of an anther ; that is to say, the free part or tip
is acute. The rest as in the last section.
§ 1 . Thyrse compound ; cymes many-Jlonered.
48 S. dese'rti (Delile. fl. d'egypt. p. 96. t. 33. f. 1.) stem
suffruticose at the base, and branched ; leaves cut, glabrous,
with cartilaginous edges : lower ones sublyrate : superior ones
pinnatifid; segments narrow-obovate, toothed. 1(..F. Native
of the deserts of Egypt. Margins of calyx cartilaginous.
Desert Figwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
49 S. frute'scens (Lin. spec. p. 866.) stem shrubby ; leaves
usually alternate, cuneate-ovate, or lanceolate, running into the
short petioles, toothed. Ij . F. Native of Portugal, in the
sand by the sea side ; Greece, and the North of Africa. Hill,
veg. syst. 19. t. 46. Herm. lugdb. 545. t. 547. S. Lusita-
nica verbenacae folio, Tourn. inst. 167. Stem quadrangular.
Corollas small, dark purple, with the lateral segments white.
Var. ft; leaves cut or jagged. ^ . F. Wydler, scroph. 43.
Shrubby Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1768. Shrub 2
feet.
50 S. pinnati'fida (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 202. Hoffm. et Link,
fl. port. 1. p. 269.) stem suffruticose; leaves sessile, lanceolate,
deeply crenate-toothed, or cut and pinnatifid at the base. h .
F. Native of Portugal, in sandy places. — An intermediate
plant between S.frutescens and S. canhia, and probably only a
variety of the first. Stem erect, much branched, glabrous.
Leaves usually alternate, sometimes opposite, narrowed at the
base.
Pinnatifid-leaved Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 2 feet.
51 S. heterophy'lla (Willd. spec. 3. p. 274. d'Urv. enum.
arch. 75.) stem shrubby ; leaves on long petioles, rather fleshy :
lower ones pinnate : superior ones 3-lobed and elliptic, all re-
motely and deeply toothed ; thyrse very long. I; . F. Native
of Candia, and the Island of Melos ; and of Ferasia, near
Thera. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 603. S. frutescens, var. p,
Smith, prod. 1. p. 437. S. Sibthorpiana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 786.
S. cretica frutescens folio vario et carnoso, Toiu-n. cor. p. 9.
Very nearly allied to >S'.yr!(?t'icens; but the leaves are all on
long petioles. Branches bluntly tetragonal. Corolla scarlet.
Genitals exserted.
Various-leaved Figwort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
' 52 S. CANf NA (Lin. spec. 805.) root woody; stems herba-
ceous ; lower leaves pinnate : superior ones pinnatifid or bipin-
natifid ; segments roundish or lanceolate, toothed. Tj. . H.
Native of the South of Europe, in dry, sandy, or gravelly
places; Greece, and the Balearic Islands ; North of Africa, on
the Mediterranean sea. Hill. veg. syst. 19. t. 48. D. C. fl.
fr. 3. p. 582. S. multifida. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 337. S. chrysan-
themifolia, Balb. herb.— Mor. hist. 483. sect. 5. t. 9. f. 8.
XtaipiTii tTEpa, Diosc. Thyrse sometimes leafy, strict, long :
branches of cyme kneed. Corollas purple, with a mixture of
green. Genitals exserted.
512
SCROPHULARINE^. HI. Scrophularia.
Var. /3, chrysanthem'ifdlia (Wydler, scrojih. p. 44.) flowers
small, purple, margined with white. 1/. H. Native of Tau-
ria. S. chrysanthemifolia, Bieh. fl. cauc. 2. p. 78. and 3. p.
416. Willd. hort. berol. t. 59. S. canina, /J, Willd. spec. 3.
p. 277. exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. S. pinniita, Mill. diet,
no. 155.? S. orientalis, chrysanthemifolia, flora minimo varie-
gato, Tourn. cor. 9.
Far. y, nana (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 582.) stem more humble ;
leaves very narrow; racemes short; flowers dense. %. H.
Native of Mount Jura, in many places. S. pratensis, Schleich.
cent, exsic. no. 67.
Var. i, pubescens ; stems downy. "!{.. H. Native of the
valley of Boden, near Windisch-Bleiberg, Hoppe. S. canina,
Hoppe, cent. 4. S. canina, var. y, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 582.
Far. e, alb'iflora (Wydler, scroph. p. 45.) flowers white ;
leaves broader, with rounded segments. 1/ . H.
Dogs Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
53 S. PYRAMiDA^Lis (Wydler, scroph. p. 45.) stems very
long ; leaves alternate : lower ones lanceolate, denticulated :
upper ones pinnatifid ; thyrse very long. 1/ . H. Native about
the Black Sea, near Donnums Bercy. Perhaps only a variety
of S. canina ; the peduncles are longer, and the capsule ovate-
roundish, acuminated, small.
Pyramidal-^owexeA Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
54 S. calyci'na (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 18.) glabrous or
downy ; stem angular ; leaves broad-ovate, toothed : lower
ones cordate at the base : raraeal ones roundish ; thyrse short,
dense, almost leafless ; calyx 5-parted, with lanceolate, acumi-
nated, downy segments, which are longer than the capsule ;
genitals inclosed ; anther or tip of sterile filament ovate-acute.
2/ . H. Native of Kamaon. Veronica thyrsiflora. Wall. cat.
no. 6393. Leaves wrinkled. Calyxes not membranous. Seg-
ments of the corolla short, nearly equal. Capsule large, acumi-
nated.
Large-calyxed Figwort. PI. 1 foot.
^ 2. Thyrse simple ; cymes few-jiowered from the abortion of
the pedicels.
55 S. RAMosi'ssiMA (Lois. fl. gall. 2. p. 381. D. C. fl. fr.
suppl. 406. exclusive of the synonymes) stems rather woody,
much branched ; leaves opposite, subpetiolate, ovate-oblong,
deeply toothed or pinnatifid; peduncles 1-2-flovvered. 7/. H.
Native of Corsica, by the sea side ; also of Provence, by the
sea side, &c. S. frutescens, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 729. but not of
Lin.
Much-branched Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
56 S. cji'siA (Sibth. et Smith, fl.gra'C. t. 604. prod. 1 . p. 438.)
stems humble, numerous, tufted ; leaves opposite, glaucescent,
lyrately pinnatifid, cut ; peduncles simply dichotomous, 2-3-
flowered. T^.H. Native on rocks about Athens, &-c. S. ori-
entalis minor melissae folio, Tourn. cor. p. 9. — Buxb. cent. 5.
10. t. 17. f. 2. ex Smith. Stems a span high, glabrous. Per-
haps distinct from the preceding. Corolla greenish ; upper lip
dark purple. Genitals exsertcd.
Grey Figwort. PI, 5 to 1 foot.
57 S. denta'ta (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 19.)
humble, tufted, downy ; leaves alternate, thick, oblong, narrowed
at the base, deeply toothed at the apex ; thyrse simple, few-
flowered ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; genitals exserted ; tip of
sterile stamen oblong, acute, %. H. Native of Kinnour.
Margins of the calyxes membranous. Very nearly allied to
(S". cretacea, but distinct.
ToolhedAeaveA Figwort. PI, J to 1 foot.
58 S. creta'cea (Fisch. in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 788. Wydler,
scroph. p. 46. t. 4.) leaves alternate, on short petioles, lanceo-
late, serrated, attenuated at both ends ; peduncles 1-2-flowered.
%. H. Native of Siberia, on cretaceous mountains, at the river
Don. Stem simple, clothed with white, glandular, powdery
down. Leaves 5 inch long, generally running into the petioles,
glabrous. Corolla small, dark purple. Capsule brown, size of
a pea.
Cretaceous Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
59 S. hypericifolia (Wydler. scroph. p. 46. t. 5.) stem
woody ; leaves opposite, ovate, quite entire, running into the
short petiole ; peduncles 1-2-flowered. %. H. Native of
Arabia, in deserts. Branches with whitish bark, sometimes
spinescent. Leaves small, glabrous, full of pellucid dots.
Abortive pedicels spinescent. Segments of calyx roundish, with
white margins. Corolla small, purple. Genitals exserted.
Capsule roundish, large in respect to the size of the flower.
St. John' s-wort-leaved Figwort. Shrub.
§ 3. Flowers capitate,
60 S. mi'nima (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 79.) humble ; stems
quite simple ; leaves petiolate, ovate, sublobate, toothed ; heads
of flowers terminal, dense, nearly globose. %. H. Native of
Iberia. S. orientalis minima, folio subrotundo, Tourn. cor. p.
9. ex Bieb. Flowers size of those of S. vernalis, rose-coloured ;
the lip paler. Tip of sterile stamen unknown.
Least Figwort. PI. 1 foot 1
\ Species not sufficiently known.
61 S. micba'ntha (Herb. Desv. ex Hamilt. prod. fl. ind.
occ. p. 47. but not of d'Urv.) stem nearly simple ; leaves
ovate, acute, deeply toothed, quite glabrous ; flowers in loose
almost terminal spikes. 1^. ? H. Native of Hispaniola.
Small-JIowercd Figwort. PI. ?
62 S. suBVERTiciLLA^TA (Moris, stirp. sard. fasc. 3. p. 8.)
stem tetragonal, full of glandular dots ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, doubly toothed : lower ones pinnate ; racemes terminal,
almost leafless ; peduncles opposite, distant, short, densely cy-
mose. %. H. Native of Sardinia, near rivulets about Ozieri
and Bono, &'c. Corolla deep purple. Leaves pilose beneath.
Whorled Figwort. Fl. May, July. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
63 S. rivula'ris (Moris, 1. c. p. 7.) stem tetragonally wing-
ed ; lower leaves ovate : upper ones oblong-lanceolate, crenate
toothed, glabrous, running into the petioles ; racemes terminal,
nearly naked; peduncles branched. %. H. Native of Sardi-
nia, on mountains, ne.^r rivulets. Corolla obscure purple ; lip
green. Habit of .S*. aqudtica, but the stems and petioles are
more conspicuously winged ; the leaves are bluntish, and more
bluntly toothed.
Rivulet Figwort. Fl. May, June. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
64 S. oblongieolia (Lois. not. in mem. soc. Lin. par. vol.
6.) glabrous ; stem tetragonal ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ser-
rated, tapering into the petioles ; racemes terminal, naked ; pe-
duncles branched. H-H. Native of Corsica.
Oblong-leaved Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
65 S. nudicau'lis (Wydler. scroph. p. 48.) stem almost sim-
ple, leafy at the base, but almost leafless above ; leaves pinna-
tifid, strigose ; racemes simple. If.H. Native of Asia Minor,
on Mount Elwend. Root woody. Stem clothed with stipitate
glands. Lower leaves deeply pinnatifid, beset with adpressed
hairs, rather glaucous ; segments alternate, acute, toothed, finely
ciliated. Cauline leaves small, pectinately pinnatifid. Calyx
glandular ; segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, not mem-
branous. Corolla and capsule not seen. Perhaps belonging to
a distinct genus.
Naked-stemmed Figwort. PI. ?
66 S. Scke'llu (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 783.) stem quadrangu-
lar, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acute, glabrous, equally serrated,
SCROPHULARINEiE. III. Scrophularia. IV. Alonsoa. V. Russelia.
513
on sliort Jilated petioles ; panicle terminal, with trichotonious
branches. %. H. Native country unknown.
SckelCs Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
67 S. NEPET.EFoLiA (Presl. del. prag. 1. p. 73.) stem
shrubby ; branches quadrangular ; leaves cordate, obtuse,
doubly toothed, glabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles dichoto-
nious, 3-flowercd. (j . F. Native of the South of Spain. S.
glabrata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 784. ' Leaves almost like those of
Nipcta calaria. Flowers of a livid yellow, like those of S. aqud-
t/ca, but not half the size. Capsule ovate.
Cat-mint-leaved Figwort. Fl. May, July. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
68 S. MELissAFoLiA (D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. p. 75.) stem
erect, quadrangular, quite glabrous ; cauline leaves petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrated ; bracteas lanceolate, erectish ;
peduncles downy, many-flowered; panicle elongated. 1/. H.
Native about Trebizond, on hills. Flowers small, purple.
Peduncles 3-4 times forked. Nearly allied to iS'. Scorodbnia.
Balm-leaved Figwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
69 S. hasta'ta (Rafin. fl. ludov. p. 44.) leaves opposite, on
long petioles, oblong, hastate, serrated, canescent, hoary be-
neath ; flowers loose, panicled. If,. H. Native of Lou-
isiana.
Hastate-]eaveA Figwort. PI. 2 feet ?
70 S. adsce'ndens (Willd. enum. p. 644.) leaves lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends, deeply, unequally, and doubly toothed,
glabrous; racemes terminal. If.. H. Native country un-
known.
Ascending Figwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 feet.
71 S. Chine'nsis (Lin. mant. 250. Smith, in Rees' cycl. 32.)
leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, downy. 2/ . H. Native of
China. Perhaps belonging to a distinct genus.
China Figwort. PI. 2 feet.
72 S. hirsu'ta (Schott, ex Steud. nom.) If.. H. Nothing
of the plant is known but the name.
//a(Vy Figwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 feet.
73 S. iNcfsA (Weim. ex Steud. nom.) 1/ . H. Nothing of
this plant is known but the name.
C'u(-leaved Figwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
Cult. The species of Figwort are plants of the most easy
culture and propagation, will grow in any soil, but prefer a
moist situation. All are readily increased by seeds. The
shrubby species require protection in winter, by being kept in a
frame. Some of the species are handsome border flowers, as
S. mellijera, canina, grandiflbra, samhucijolia, &c.
IV. ALONSO'A (named by Ruiz, et Pavon, after Zanoni
Alonso, formerly Spanish secretary for Santa Fe de Bogota.)
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 152. Hemimeris species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla subrotate, resupinate ; the superior segment the largest.
Stamens 4, didynamous, glabrous, declinate ; anthers cordate ;
cells confluent at top. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-celled, one
of the cells more gibbous than the other. Seeds angular. —
.Small shrubs and herbs, with opposite or verticillate leaves :
floral ones alternate. Flowers racemose, scarlet or vermillion-
coloured.
§ 1 . Shrubby. Stems and branches quadrangular.
1 A. linea'ris (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 154. fl. per. t.
503. f. b.) glabrous ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, linear,
entire, or remotely denticulated. Tj . G. Native of Peru.
Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 240. Hemimeris coccinea, Willd. spec. 3.
p. 283. Celsia linearis, Jacq. icon. 3. t. 497. Curt. bot. mag.
210. Hemitomus fruticosus, Lher. ? Hemimeris linariaefolia,
VOL. IV.
FIG. 46.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 377. Young leaves fascicled
in the axils of the old ones. Corolla scarlet, with a dark bot-
tom, like most of the species. There is a variety of this with
opposite leaves and peduncles. There is also a hybrid between
this and A.incisiJoUa figured in Lodd. bot. cab. 1456, called A.
intermedia.
Linear-leayeA Alonsoa. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1790. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
2 A. QUADRIFOLIA ; Icavcs 4 in a whorl, ovate ; flowers ver-
ticillate, racemose, fj . G. Native of Vera Cruz. Scrophularia
coccinea, Lin. spec. 866. Smith, in Rees' cycl. 32. no. 10.
Four-leaved Alonsoa. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 A. iNcisiFOLiA (Ruiz, et
Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 154.) gla-
brous ; leaves opposite, ovate,
acute, deeply toothed, or ser-
rated. Tj . S. Native of Chili,
about Conception. Hemimeris
urticifolia, Willd. spec. 3. p.
282. Celsia urticifolia. Curt,
bot. mag. 417. Peduncles long,
alternate, disposed in terminal
racemes like the others, (f. 46.)
C'M/-/eat!cd Alonsoa. Fl. May,
Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
4 A. procu'mbens (Ruiz, et
Pav. 1. c.) stems procumbent ;
leaves opposite, ovate, ser-
rated, fj . G. Native of Peru, in
waste places, where it is called Ricaco. Hemimeris procunibens.
Pers. ench. 2. p. 162. Corollas scarlet.
Procumbent Alonsoa. Shrub procumbent.
5 A. AcuTiFOLiA (Ruiz, ct Pav. 1. c. p. 153.) leaves oppo-
site, ? ovate-lanceolate, deeply serrated. Ij . S. Native of
Peru, on hills. Hemimeris acutifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 162.
Acute-leaved Alonsoa. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1790. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
§ 2. Herbaceous. Stems and branches quadrangular ; angles
ninged.
6 A. cauliala'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 152.) leaves ovate,
acute, serrated ; stems and branches winged. 2/ . G. Native
of Peru. Hemimeris caulialata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 162.
Wing-stemmed Alonsoa. Fl. year. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot ?
7 A. PARviFLoRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 376.
under Hemimeris) stem herbaceous, 4-vvinged ; leaves opposite,
ovate, acute, serrated ; flowers axillary, racemose. %. G. Na-
tive of Caraccas, in temperate places on Mount Bonavista, near
Los Teques, at the altitude of 830 hexapods. Stem branched,
panicled at top. Leaves glabrous, nearly an inch long. Middle
segment of the lower lip of the corolla larger, and obcordate.
Small-flonered Alonsoa. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
8 A. MuTi'sii ; stem herbaceous, somewhat 4-winged ; leaves
opposite, oblong, acute at both ends, serrated ; flowers race-
mose. %. G. Native near Santa Fe de Bogota. Hemimeris
Mutisii, H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 376. Schrophulilria Meri-
dionklis, Mutis and Lin. Stem panicled. Leaves glabrous, an
inch long, and 5 lines broad. Corolla and stamens unknown.
Mutis's Alonsoa. PL 1 to 2 feet?
Cult. The species are all very showy when in blossom, ami
on that account are general favourites. They grow freely in
any rich light soil, and are readily increased by cuttings and
seeds.
V. RUSSE'LIA (so named by Jacquin, in honour of Alex-
3 U
514.
SCROPHULARINEiE. V. Russelia. VI. Antirrhinum.
ander Russel, M.D. F.R.S., author of a Natural History of
Aleppo. London, 175C. He died in 1768. There is a second
edition revised by his brother, Patrick Russel, M.D. F.R.S.
1794. Patrick Russel published a fine work upon serpents
collected on the coast of Coromandel.) Jacq. amer. p. 178.
t. 113. Schreb. gen. no. 1041. Juss. gen. p. 118. ed. Usteri,
p. 132. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 358.
Lin. syst. Didynanna, Aitgiospermut. Calyx deeply 5-
parted ; segments acuminately subulate. Corolla tubular,
swollen, and widened at top ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip emar-
ginately 2-lobed : lower lip tripartite, segments nearly equal ;
palate convex, bearded. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed; cells
of anthers spreading. Stigma undivided. Capsule inclosed in
the calyx, nearly globose, attenuately beaked, 2-celled, 2-
valved ; valves bipartible ; placentas central, at length free.
Seeds numerous, small. — Shrubs or herbs with angular branches,
and opposite, or verticillate leaves. Corymbs and racemes axil-
lary. Flowers scarlet.
\ 1. Leaves opposile. Stems and branches quadrangular,
1 R. SARMENTosA (Jacq. amer. 178. t. 113. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 358.) stem and branches quadrangular,
glabrous ; leaves opposite, ovate, rounded at the base, rather
pilose above ; corymbs axillary, pedunculate, 3-5-flowered. Ij .
S. Native of Cuba, near Guanavacoa, in shady places, and
about tlie Havannah. Leaves nearly sessile, crenately ser-
rated, 8 lines long, and 5 lines broad. Corolla flesh-coloured,
or fine red, about h;ilf an inch long.
Sarmentose Russelia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 R. MULTiFLORA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1528.) stem quadran-
gular, glabrous ; leaves opposite, ovate, acuminated, serrately
crenated ; peduncles cymose, many-flowered, verticillate. Ij .
S. Native of the mountainous tract between Vera Cruz and
Mexico. Racemes terminal, verticillate. Leaves glabrous.
Corollas scarlet.
Many-flowered Russelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
3 R. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 9. t. 415. Pers. ench.
2. p. 164.) downy or tomentose ; stem and branches erect, te-
tragonal ; leaves opposite, sessile, cordate-roundish ; peduncles
racemose, subsecund, many-flowered. I; . S. Native of
Mexico, near Acapulco. Corollas scarlet. Leaves crenately
serrated.
Round-leaved Russelia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 R. SYRiNGyEFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea,6.p. 376.)
scandent, glabrous ; branches tetragonal : angles acute ; leaves
opposite, on short petioles, cordate-ovate, acuminated, acute,
mucronulate ; cymes terminal and axillary, many-flowered. I; .
^. S. Native of Mexico at Papantla. Leaves 2^ to 3
inches long. Branches and pedicels of cyme downy. Calyx
glabrous, with ovate, acuminated, acute, short segments. Co-
rolla 8 lines long, scarlet ; throat bearded. Capsule ovate,
acute.
Syringa-leaved Russelia. Shrub climbing.
5 R. floribu'nda (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 359.)
stem and branches quadrangular, glabrous ; leaves opposite,
ovate, cordate, sraoothish ; corymbs axillary, sessile, many-
flowered, f} .1 1/ . ? S. Native of Mexico, between the river
Papagallo and Venta de Tierra Colorado, at the altitude of 120
hexapods, Humb. et Bonpl. ; near Hacienda de la Laguna,
Schiede and Deppe. Leaves on short petioles, serrately cre-
nated, downy on the midrib beneath, 9-10 lines long, and 8-9
lines broad. Corymbs about the length of the leaves, downy,
sessile, ex Kunth, 1. c. ; pedunculate, ex Cham, et Schlecht, in
Linnaea, 5. p. 106. Corolla scarlet. Seeds minute, oblong, an-
gular, brown, a little wrinkled.
Bundle -flowered Russelia. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
6 R. ala'ta (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 3. p. 3.) stem
quadrangular, winged, pilose ; leaves opposite, acuminated, run-
ning into the short, winged, ciliated petioles ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, i;. S. Native of tropical Brazil, Sello. Old stems
decumbent, rooting at the joints, from which rise erect branches
about 1 or li foot high. Wings of stem ciliated. Leaves
bluntly serrated, pilose beneath, 2i inches long, and If broad.
Limb of corolla ciliated.
Winged-slemmed. Russelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
§ 2. Leaves verticillate. Stem and branches many-angled,
7 R. ternifolia (H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 359.)
stem and branches 6-angled, hairy, or downy : leaves 3 in a
whorl, obovate, or ovate, cuneated at the base, hairy above, and
pubescent beneath ; corymbs pedunculate, many-flowered, h . ?
If . ? S. Native of Mexico, on tlie declivities of the burning
mount Jorulla, at the altitude of 450 hexapods. Leaves on
short petioles, coarsely serrate-toothed, 2 or 2^ inches long,
and 16-24 lines broad. Corolla scarlet.
Tern-leaved Husselia. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to G feet.
8 R. vERTiciLi,A~TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 360.) branches
somewhat 10-angled, glabrous ; leaves and corymbs verticillate.
^ . S. Native of New Spain, in temperate places near Puente
de la Madre de Dios, at the altitude of 880 hexapods. Branches
verticillate. Floral leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, cuneated at
the base, serrately crenated, hairy. Corollas scarlet.
rr/jor /erf- leaved Russelia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
9 R. EQUisETiFORMis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 6. p.
377.) sufFruticose ; branches twiggy, almost leafless, angular,
verticillate, or opposite ; flowers pedicellate at the tops of the
branches ; leaves elliptic, acute, coarsely serrated. Ij • S. Na-
tive of Mexico, at Papantla. Stem 12-S-angled. Leaves 4
lines long, and one broad. Calycine segments triangular, acute.
Throat of corolla beardless. Corolla scarlet, 6 lines long. Ge-
nitals equal in length to the corolla. Capsule globose.
Horsetail-formed Russelia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. All the species are showy when in blossom. Any
light rich soil answers them ; and they are readily propagated
by cuttings, which strike root freely in heat under a hand-glass.
Tribe II.
ANTIRRHI'NEJi (this section agrees with the genus //ntsr-
rliinum in the characters given below.) Chav. antirrh. D. Don,
in edinb. phil. journ. 19. p. 110. Calyx deeply 5-parted, im-
bricate in aestivation. Corolla tubular ; limb 5-lobed, personate
or ringent, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, sometimes with
the rudiment of a fifth. Cells of anthers distinct at apex. Stigma
2-lobed. Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment undivided. Pla-
centas spongy, adnate. Seeds with a thick, spongy, corrugated,
or cellular testa. Albumen fleshy. Embryo almost the length
of the seed. — Herbs or shrubs inhabiting the temperate
regions of the globe. Leaves opposite, or alternate. Flowers
disposed in terminal, spicate racemes, or axillary and solitary.
VL ANTIRRHTNUM (av^ippn'o^, of Theophrastus and Di-
oscorides ; from ojti, like; and pit', rhin, a snout; in allusion to
the form of the flowers ; hence also it is called in English
Snap-Dragon, and Calves' Snout.) Juss. gen. 120. ed. Usteri.
p. 134. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 362. D. C. fl. fr. p. 592. t. 3.
Ga;rtn. fruct. 1. p. 249. t. 53. Chav. mon. p. 79. — Antirrhi-
num species, Lin. gen. no. 750. Schreb. gen. no. 1007. Lam.
ill. t. 531. f. 1 — 2. Antirrhinum and Asarina, Tourn. inst. p.
167. and 171. t. 75 et 76. Orontium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 158.
Ten. fl. neap. 2. p. 53, but not of Lin.
SCROPHULARINEiE. VI. Antirrhinum.
515
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, ob-
lique. Corolla personate ; tube ample, a little compressed,
saccate at tlie base, and furnished with t parallel and inter-
rupted lines of hairs inside beneath the palate ; lobes of the
upper lip erect, and often adpressed to the back by turns :
lower lip spreading, having the middle lobes smaller than the
lateral ones, with an ample bearded palate, which closes the
throat. Stamens compressed, rather hairy at the base, having
the sterile or fifth one very short or wanting. Stigma 2-lobed.
Capsule 2-celled, woody, ovate, or pear-formed, incurved at
top, opening by 3 holes, or an irregular foramen, under the top.
Seeds oblong, truncate, minute ; testa black, more or less en-
graven, or wrinkled. — Perennial or annual, rarely suflTruticose
plants. Stems or branches erect or procumbent. Leaves fea-
ther-nerved and entire, rarely palmate-nerved and lobed, sessile
or petiolate : lower leaves opposite, but sometimes 3 in a whorl :
superior ones usually alternate. Flowers showy, in terminal
racemes, or solitary and axillary.
Sect. \. Asar^na (meaning unknown to us.) Tourn. inst.
171. t. 76. Chav. antirrh. p. SO. t. 3. f. VZ. Leaves pal-
mate-nerved, lobed, opposite. Capsule membranous, sub-glo-
bose ; each cell opening by a broad, irregular foramen under
the apex.
1 A. Asari'na (Lin. spec. 860.) plant clammy and villous ;
branches procumbent ; leaves opposite, on long petioles, 5-
nerved, 5-lobed, cordate, and crenated ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, acute, hairy. IJ. H.
Native of the South of France, Eastern and Central Pyrenees ;
near Montpelier, Cevennes, &c. Sims, bot. mag. 902. Oron-
tium Asarina, Pers. ench. 2. p. 159. Asarina cordifolia, Moench,
meth. suppl. p. 172. Antirrh. asarinum. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 348.
Asarina procumbens. Mill. diet. edit. 8. no. 1. Asarina, Lob.
icon. t. 601. f. 2.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 432. sect. 11. t. 21. f. 1.
Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 3. Asarina Lobelii, Dalech. hist. p. 915.
Xa^ai(,i(T<roe, Diosc. 4. p. 126. Plant canescent. Corolla 1^
inch long, white, sometimes tinged with red ; palate yellow ;
tube glabrous, compressed on the back, marked by purple
spots on the ventre, and bearded by yellow hairs inside.
Asarina or Heart-leaved Snap Dragon. Fl. June, July. Clt,
1699. PI. traihng.
Sect. IL Antirrhina'strlm (from Antirrhinum and astrum,
an affixed signification, like.) Chav. antirrh. p. 81. Antirrhi-
num, Tourn. inst. p. 167. t. 75. Leaves pitmate-nerved, quite
entire : lower ones opposite, rarely 3 in a whorl : superior ones
for the most part alternate. Capsule woody, or chartaceous,
nearly pear-shaped, very oblique at the base, incurved at top,
and opening by 3 holes.
§ 1 . Lobes of calyx much shorter than the corolla.
2 A. MOLlE (Lin. spec. p. 860.) villous ; branches procum-
bent, slender, clothed with woolly villi ; leaves opposite, petio-
late ; flowers few, at the tops of the branchlets ; calycine lobes
lanceolate, erect., 1^. F. Native of the Pyrenees, on the con-
fines of Spain ; on rocks in the valley de La Segre, between
Bellwor and La Seo d'Urgel ; in the valley of Andorrea ; and
on the mountains of Granada. Lam. diet. 4. p. 366. exclusive
of the syn. of Tourn. Chav. antirrh. p. 81. Leaves clothed
with glandular and clammy hairs, 5-6 lines long, and 4-5 broad.
Corolla an inch long, whitish, with a yellow palate ; the upper
lip striped with purple. Capsule ovate-globose, pilose.
^o/<-leaved Snap Dragon. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1752. PI.
procumbent.
3 A. sEJU'ERvfRENs (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. 1. p. 7. t. 4. abr. p.
354. Chav. antirrh. p. 82.) stem short, suffVuticose, ascending,
branched ; leaves petiolate, opposite, elliptic, or oblong-ovatc,
evergreen, rather downy ; (lowers few, in loose racemes ;
calycine lobes lanceolate, acute, reflexed at top. ^ . F. Native
of the South of France ; of the Pyrenees, in calcareous places
near Gerdres ; in the valleys of Oo, and Venas, &c. ; and in
Portugal, near Oporto. A. molle, St. Am. bouq. pyr. no. 151.
but not of Lin. A. meonanthum, Hoffin. et Link, fl. port. 1.
p. 261. t. 51. Branches nodose. Leaves decussate: floral
ones usually alternate, all obtuse, and rather fleshy. Corolla
smaller than that of J. molle, white, having the upper lip and
tube marked with purple, and the palate yellowish ; tube beset
with short hairs. The plant is usually rather downy in every
part, but sometimes entirely glabrous.
£iiergreen Snap Dragon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1817. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
4 A. Hisi'a'nicum (Chav. antirrh. p. 83.) villous; branches
erect, rather woody, and branched again ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, contracted at the base, bluntish : lower ones opposite :
superior ones alternate, narrower ; bracteas linear-lanceolate,
much longer than the pedicels ; flowers in loose spikes ; caly-
cine segments oblong, acutish. 1/. F. Native of Spain.
Antirrhinum Hispanicum villosum origani folio, Tourn. inst. p.
168. Plant clothed with glandular hairs. Calycine segments
reflexed a little at apex. Corolla hardly an inch long, purple,
with a golden yellow palate ; tube villous. Capsule small,
ovate-oblong, elongated, downy.
Spaniih Snap Dragon. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
5 A. LATiFOLiUM (D. C. Cat. hort. monsp. 7. fl. fr. 5. p. 411.
Chav. antirrh. p. 84. t. 3. f. 28.) caudex thick, twisted; branches
ascending, or erect, villous ; leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate,
petiolate, broadly mucronate at apex, downy ; flowers race-
mose ; rachis villous ; lobes of calyx elliptic, pilose, ciliated.
1/ . H. Native of the South of France ; in the Eastern
Pyrenees, near Villa Franca, and Saint Martin du Canigon ;
Nice ; near Arti, in Piedmont. Nocc. and Balb. fl. ticin. 1. p.
28. t. 42. A. difl!Tisum, Bernh. A majus, /3, latifolium, Duby,
bot. gall. 1. p. 343. A. majus, var. a, Lin. spec. p. 858. Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 441. Willd. spec. 3. p. 256. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.
593. Bertol. amcen. p. 382. Poll. fl. ver. 2. p. 336.— Lob.
icon. 405. — Bocc. mus. p. 49. t. 41. — Barrel, icon. t. 655. A.
luteo flore, Bauh. pin. 211. Branches fistular, beset with
capitate pili. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and 6-10 lines broad,
obsoletely spotted with purple. Bracteas and pedicels pilose.
Corolla 1 to 1| inch long, usually yellow, with a deeper coloured
palate ; tube villous, elongated, very gibbous at the base.
Capsule pilose, elongated. Seeds ovate, truncate at apex ;
testa foveolate.
J'ar. ft, hybridum (Chav. antirrh. p. 84.) leaves longer ; flow-
ers purplish, or marked by purple lines ; lobes of calyx ovate-
elliptic. 2/. H. Native of tlie Pyrenees, betwixt Rousse and
Rodome, &c. ; and of Portugal, near Lisbon. A. hybridum,
Benth. pi. pyr. p. 60. A. latifolium, ft, striatum, D. C. fl. fr.
5. p. 411. A. latifolium. Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 4. fig. I. t. 28.
Hoftm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 260. t. 50. exclusive of the syn.
of Tourn. This appears to be a hybrid between A. latifoliuin
and A. majus.
Broad-leaved Snap Dragon. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. PI. 1 tn
3 feet.
6 A. ma'jus (Lin. spec. p. 859. var. ft. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p.
249. Chav. antirrh. p. 86. t. 3. f. 26.) caudex thick, twisted;
branches erect, usually branched again ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, attenuated at both ends, glabrous ; flowers racemose, ap-
proximate ; rachis pubescent ; lobes of calyx broad-ovate,
obtuse, clothed with glandular pili. %. H. Native of South
and middle Europe, indigenous every where, generally upon old
3 u 2
516
SCROPHULARINEiE. VI. Antirrhinum.
walls ; also of Barbary, about Algiers, and near Mustapha-Paclia
frequent ; and in Persia. In Britain on old walls, as about
London, and other places, but probably an escape from gardens.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 129. Schkuhr, handb. 2. p. 193. t. 172.
A. grandiflorum, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 384. A. murale,
Sal. prod. p. 100. Orontiuni majus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 158. —
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 1C2. with a figure. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 82. f. 1.
— Lob. icon. t. 404. f. 2. — Besl. hort. eyst. 1. t. 9, 10. Branches
glabrous, rarely downy. Leaves 1-3 inches long : upper ones
narrower. Rachis leafless, beset with glandular hairs, as well
as the calyxes. Corolla 1-2 inches long, purple, red, scarlet, or
white, or variegated with these colours ; palate yellow at top,
very prominent ; tube downy outside. Capsule downy, oblique
at the base, incurved at apex. Seeds oblong, ovate. This is a
very polymorphous plant, varying considerably in habit, and
much in the colour of the flowers. There is also a variety
with double flowers. The leaves in some varieties are vari-
Far. ft, angust'iJhUum (Chav. antirrh. p. 86.) leaves very nar-
row, often revoliite, sometimes approximate by threes ; corolla
large, purple. % . H. Native upon walls about Constantino-
ple. A majus, Oliv. et Brug. herb. mus. par.
Var. y, Monlevidense ; leaves long, all opposite, dark green ;
flowers usually white, or yellow, and not so much crowded.
Tl. H. Native of Monte Video. A. monlevidense, Hort.
berol. This does not appear to be more than a slight variety of
the species.
Greater, or Common Snap Dragon. Fl. June, Oct. Britain.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 A. TORiuosuM (Bosc, mss. Lam. diet. 4. p. 365. Chav.
antirrh. p. 87.) plant altogether glabrous ; branches erect or
ascending, flexuous, twisted at the base ; leaves linear, acute,
opposite, or 3 in a whorl ; flowers racemosely spicate, approxi-
mating by threes and fours, the raceme is therefore interrupted ;
lobes of calyx oblong-ovate, obtuse. 1/ . H. Native of Ital)',
on rocks, and in waste places by the sea side, as near Rome ;
also in the South of France, near Frejus ; and of Sicily. Guss.
fl. sic. 2. p. 169. exclusive of many synonymes. Ten. syll. p.
304. Orontium Siculum, ft. tortuosum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 158.
A. capitatimi, Presl. del. prag. p. 74. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 2.
— Barrel, icon. 638. Leaves 1 -nerved, 2 inches long, attenuated
at both ends : upper ones very narrow. Corolla the largest of
the genus, purple ; tube short ; upper lip large. Capsule
smaller than that of the preceding, and glabrous. This species
is often confounded with A. Siculum, but appears to be more
nearly allied to A. majus.
Tw^sVerf-branched Snap Dragon. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. ? PI.
1 to li foot.
8 A. Si'cuLUM (Ucria pi. and Lin. op. addenda, no. 17.
Chav. antirrh. p. 8S. t. 3. f. 24.) branches erect, flexuous,
downy at top, and branched ; branchlets diffiise ; leaves linear-
lanceolate or linear, opposite, alternate, or 3 in a whorl, nar-
rowed into the petioles at the base ; flowers in loose racemes ;
lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute, downy. %. H. Native of
Sicilv, on walls, and in waste places about Palermo and Ragaza ;
of Calabria, on walls about Reggio and Trucoli, &.c. Mill. diet,
no. 6. Pers. ench. 2. p. 158. exclusive of var. ft. Guss. pi.
rar. p. 253. fl. sic. 2. p. 170. Tenor, syll. p. 304. A. angus-
tifolium, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 27. Branches woody. Leaves 1 to
1^ inches long. Flowers solitary, twin, or 3 in a whorl. Co-
rolla hardly an inch long, white or yellowish, rarely purple ;
tube rather pilose ; lobes of the upper lip, and the middle lobe
of the lower lip emarginate. Capsule downy. Seeds oblong,
subquadrangular.
Var. ft, glanduVosum (Chav. antirrh. p. 88.) leaves broader ;
branches and calyxes beset with glandular hairs ; corollas yel-
lowish. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily, Gussone. A. Siculum, var.
y. Guss. fl. sic. t. 309. f. 2.
Var. y, elalum (Chav. antirrh. p. 88.) plant taller and firmer;
corolla purplish-yellow. Tl. H. Native of Spain and the
Archipelago. A. angustifolium, D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. no.
549. exclusive of the syn. of Lam. et Bocc. A. satureiasfolio,
Vaill. herb. A. Hispanicum, altissimum, angustissimo folio,
Tourn. inst. p. 168.
Sicilian Snap Dragon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PL 1
to 2 feet.
^ 2. Segments of the calyx exceeding the corolla, or about
equal in length to it.
9 A. Orontium (Lin. spec. 860. Chav. antirrh. p. 89. t. 3.
f. 18. and 19.) stem glabrous, erect or ascending, branched;
leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, acutish, attenuated at both
ends, glabrous ; flowers distant ; calycine segments linear-lan-
ceolate, large, and as if they were digitately pilose. G. H. Na-
tive almost throughout Europe, along way sides and in waste
fields and vineyards; of Barbary, abundant about Algiers;
islands of Madeira, and Scio ; Virginia, ex Pursh, but probably
introduced from Europe ; in Britain it is to be found in corn-
fields, on a light soil ; but hardly indigenous. Curt. fl. lond.
fasc. 4. t. 45. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 249. t. 53. Lam. ill. t. 531.
f. 2. Smith, engl. bot. 17. t. 1155. Schkuhr, handb. 2. p.
193. t. 173. A. humile, Salisb. prod. p. 98. Orontium ar-
vense, Pers. ench. 2. p. 158. — Barrel, icon. t. 651. and 652. —
Rivin. mon. irr. t. 83. f. 2.- — Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 14. f. 5. —
Besl. hort. eyst. 1. p. 9. f. 3. — Lob. icon t. 405. f. 2. Aurip-
pivov, Theoph. hist. pi. 9. p. 23. Stem glabrous or pilose.
Leaves 1-3-nerved, 2 inches long. Flowers axillary, distant.
Corolla rose-coloured or white, striped with purple ; tube fur-
nished with a few glandular hairs ; palate veined with purple.
Capsule pilose. Seeds irregularly ovate, cuneiform, keeled on
the back, and concave in front.
Var. ft, I'ndicum (Chav. antirrh. p. 90.) leaves narrower ;
flowers reddish, smaller ; bracteas and floral leaves very long,
spreading a little. ©. H. Native of India, in the province of
Delhi. A. I'ndicum, Royle, mss.
Var. y, grandiflorum (Chav. 1. c. t. 4.) flowers larger, paler,
and more approximate ; leaves broader ; plant firmer and more
glabrous ; corolla almost the length of the calyx, whitish,
marked with purple or rose-coloured veins. ©. H. Native of
Portugal, in fields. A. calycinum. Lam. diet. 4. p. 365. Brot.
fl. lus. 1. p. 100. Hoff'm. et Link, fl. port. p. 262. t. 52. A.
Orontiuni, ft, album, Roth, fl. germ. ed. 1st. vol. 2d. p. 65.
Orontium calycinum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 158. A. Jamaicense,
Fisch. et Hort. A. elegans, Tenore, viag. in abbruz. 1830. p.
35. syll. p. 304. — Barrel, icon. 656. A. arvense majus, flore
albo, Tourn. inst. p. 168. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 1.
Orontium Snap-Dragon, or Calves'-Snout. Fl. June, Sept.
Britain; ft. 1810. PI. \ to 1 foot.
10 A. rytidoca'rpum (Fisch. et Meyer, in ind. sem. hort.
petrop. 1836. p. 27.) annual, rather pilose; leaves oblong or
linear ; flowers distant, nearly sessile ; calycine segments linear,
longer than the corolla ; seeds prismatic, wrinkled on all sides.
©. H. Native of Caucasus, on the Talusch Mountains, in
corn-fields. Corollas small, bluish. Capsule nearly globose.
Seeds black, subtetragonally prismatic. This comes nearer to
Ant. Orontium than any other, but is very distinct.
Wrinkled-fruited Snap-Dragon. Clt. 1836. PI. \ to 1 foot.
-|- Species doubtful, or not sufficiently known.
1 1 A. corda'tum (De Buch. besch. der. can. ins. ex Chav.
antirrh. p. 181.) Native of the Canary Islands. We know
nothing of this plant but the name.
SCROPHULARINEiE. VII. Linaria.
517
Cordate-leaved Snap-Dragon. PI.
12 A. Ita'licum (Mill. diet. ed. 7tli. no. 5.) If. H. Na-
tive of Italy. This is nothing but a variety oi A. majtis.
Italian Snap-Dragon. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 A. Osy'ris (Kaeusch. Fisch. ex Stand, nom. ex Chav.
antirrh. p. 181.) ©. H. This is probably a variety of A.
Oiontium.
Osyris Snap-Dragon. PI. 1 foot.
14 \. varia'bile (Link, ex Steud. nom. ex Chav. antirrh. p.
181.) A. multibracteatuni, Brot. ex Steud. This is probably
a variety of A. Orontium.
Variable Snap-Dragon. PI. 1 foot.
N.B. A. porcinum, Lour. coch. 2. p. 467. A. aquaticum,
Lour. 1. c, and A. papilionaceum, Burm. fl. ind. p. 1.31. t. 39.
f. 2. certainly do not belong to this genus, and it is diflficult to
say what they really are.
Cult, All the species of Snap-Dragon are showy, and worth
cultivating for ornamenting flower-borders and rock-work. The
species are readily increased, either by cuttings of the young
branches or by seeds. The 4 first species will require protec-
tion in winter, by placing them in a frame or greenhouse. A.
Orontium, being an annual plant, the seeds only require to be
sown in the open ground in spring.
VII. LINA'RIA (from \ivov, linon, flax ; similarity in the
leaves.) Vent. tabl. 2. p. 360. Juss. gen. p. 120. edit.
Usteri, p. 134. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 582. Chav. antirrh. p. 91.
Linaria and Elatine, Moench. meth. p. 522. and 524. Antir-
rhinum, Lin. gen., Lam. ill. t. 531. f. 3 — 4. and other authors.
Elatine, Dill. nov. gen. p. 116. t. 6. but not of Lin. Linaria
species, Tourn. inst. p. 168.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted.
Corolla personate, almost like that oi Antirrlumim, but furnished
with a spur at the base ; tube short, inflated ; palate more or
less bearded, usually prominent at the throat, but sometimes de-
pressed, and not closing the throat ; lobes of upper lip plicate at
the base, often reflexed ; lobes of the lower lip spreading, or a
little deflexed : the middle lobe of the lower lip generally the
smallest. The rudiment of the fifth stamen very small or want-
ing. Capsule ovate or spherical, a little compressed, 2-celled ;
each cell more or less drawn out into 3-5 valves, or dehiscing
by a single operculum or one valve. Seeds egg-shaped, or some-
what prismatic, or compressed and discoid, girded by a mem-
branous margin. — Annual or perennial plants, very rarely small
shrubs. Roots of the perennial kinds rhizomatose. Leaves
alternate, verticillate, or opposite, quite entire, or lobed. Flow-
ers beautiful, racemose, or spicately racemose at the tops of the
branches, or solitary and axillary.
Sect. I. Ch.enorrhinum (from x«"''^j chaino, to gape ; and
piv, rhin, a snout ; the palate of the flower is depressed, there-
fore the throat appears wider than in those of other sections.)
D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 410. Duby. bot. gall. 1. p. 343. Chav.
antirrh. p. 92. Corolla having the palate more or less depressed ;
the upper lip drawn out in front, not erect ; spur shorter than
the corolla. Seeds oblong-ovoid, truncate ; testa furrowed
lengthwise, or foveolate or echinated. — Herbs usually clothed
witli pili. Leaves opposite and alternate, quite entire. Flo\ters
axillary, or loosely racemose.
§ I. Capsule chartaceous ; superior cell usually much larger
than the other, dehiscing by one valve at apex ; the loner cell
dehiscing sloniy by a transverse chink towards the base, or
altogether indehiscent. Chav. antirrh. t. 5. f. S.
1 L. tene'lla (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 410. Chav. antirrh. p. 92.)
villous; branches procumbent, slender; leaves cordate-ovate,
opposite, acute : floral ones alternate ; calycine segments linear,
acutish. ©. H. Native of Spain, in the province of Valentia,
near the top of Mount Ayora, in shady humid places, where it
is generally hidden by ather plants. Leaves distant, 3-4 lines
long. Flowers axillary ; pedicels capillary, much longer than
the leaves. Corolla white, with a short, blunt, bent spur, and
rounded, quite entire lobes. Seeds oblong ; testa furrowed.
Slender Toad-Flax. PI. procumbent.
2 L. viLLOSA (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 410. Chav. antirrh. p. 93.)
villous; leaves ovate or orbicular, obtuse, on short petioles, all
opposite ; flowers opposite, on long pedicels ; calycine segments
linear-oblong, somewhat spatulate. If. . F. Native of .Spain,
about Gibraltar ; and near Vejez de la Frontera, not far from
Gibraltar. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 15. L. muralis,
Saltzm. in herb. D. C. Ant. oppositiflorum, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 23.
Ant. serpyllifolium, Pourr. in herb. Desf. Ant. villosum, Lin.
spec. p. 852. Linaria Hispilnica nummulariac folio villoso,
Tourn. inst. p. 169. — Barrel, icon. t. 597. Branches difflise,
clothed with simple, spreading hairs, woody at the base, 5-10
inches high. Leaves villous. Pedicels hairy, 2 or 3 times
longer than the leaves. Corolla white or pale blue, marked by
more intense lines ; lobes emarginate at top ; spur straight,
widened above the base. Capsule downy, ovate. Seeds ob-
long, truncate at top ; testa furrowed lengthwise.
hllous Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1786. PI. diffuse.
3 L. ORiGANiFOLiA (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 591. exclusive of the
syn. of Magn. Chav. antirrh. p. 94. t. 6.) pubescent or gla-
brous ; leaves oblong or obovate, on short petioles : lower ones
opposite : upper ones alternate ; flowers alternate, distant ; caly-
cine segments linear, or linear-spatulate, villous. "!{.. F. Na-
tive of the South of France, on walls and rocks ; in the Pyre-
nees ; about Narbonne ; on old walls near Bagneres-de-Luchon ;
in Sicily ; in Portugal, on La Serra d'Arrabida, and on Monte
Junto, among high rocks and in calcareous places. Ait. hort. kew.
ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 15. Benth. cat. pi. pyr. p. 96. exclusive of var.
rubrifolia. Ant. origanifolium, Lin. spec. 852. Linaria saxa-
tilis serpyllifolia, Tourn. inst. p. 169. This is a very polymor-
phous plant. Branches branched, ascending or procumbent.
Flowers in the axils of the superior leaves, distant, forming a
loose raceme. Calyx beset with glandular hairs. Corolla like
the preceding, but smaller, bluish-violet, rarely white ; throat
yellow ; lobes emarginate, striped with red. Seeds oblong,
ovate, truncate at top ; testa furrowed lengthwise.
lar. /3, grandijlbra (Benth. cat. pi. pyr. p. 96. Chav. an-
tirrh. p. 94.) plant more villous and larger; flowers larger.
If . F. Native of the higher Pyrenees, at Font de Comps,
Crabere, &c. Ant. villosum, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. ioS. but not of
Lin.
Var. y, crassijblia (Chav. antirrh. p. 94.) leaves ovate,
acutish, quite glabrous, thickish ; flowers large. If. F. Na-
tive of Spain, on the mountains. L. crassifolia, D. C. fl. fr. 5.
p. 410. Anarrhinum crassifolium, Willd. spec. 3. p. 261.
Pers. ench. 2. p. 159. Ant. crassifolium, Cav. icon. 2. p. 11.
t. 114.— Barrel, icon. t. 1313.
Marjoram-leaved Toad-Flax. Fl. June, .Sept. Clt. 1785.
PI. ascending.
4 L. FLEXuosA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 47. t. 139. Chav. antirrh.
p. 95.) quite glabrous; branches filiform, flexuous, interwoven,
procumbent ; leaves petiolate, spatulately-elliptic or oblong :
lower ones usually opposite : upper ones alternate ; flowers dis-
tant ; pedicels twice or thrice as long as the leaves ; calycine
segments linear, bluntish. If . F. Native of Barbary, in fis-
sures of rocks on Mount Hamamelif, near Tunis. Ant. flexuo-
sum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 250. Plant prostrate, diff"use. Corolla
like that of L. minor, but longer, small, bluish ; tube a little
elongated ; spur obtuse, recurved ; lobes entire. Cells of cap-
518
SCROPHULARINEiE. VII. Linaria.
sule nearly equal. Seeds ovate, truncate at both ends ; testa
black, full of small pits.
Flexitous Toad-flax. PI. prostrate.
5 L. RUBRiFOLiA (Robil. et Cast, diss, ined, ex D. C. fl. fr.
5. p. 410. Chav. antirrli. p. 96.) stem erect, branched from
the base, flexuous, downy : lower leaves ovate, opposite, ap-
proximate, deep red beneath, glabrous ; upper leaves oblong,
alternate ; calycine segments linear-spatulate, obtuse, villous.
0. H. Native of the South of France, near Draguignan,
Duby ; Marseilles, Robill ; about Telon ; Pyrenees ; and Sar-
dinia. L. origanifolia, var. rubrifolia, Benth. cat. pi. pyr. p.
90. Ant. filiforme, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 27. Ant. origanifolium,
Gouan, hort. monsp. 301. but not of Lin. — Magn. bot. 25. icon,
t. 24. Stems beset with capitate pili ; branches villous. Flowers
loose ; pedicels pilose, about equal in length to the flowers, but
lengthening at last. Floral leaves ciliated. Corolla small, pur-
plish blue, marked with 2 yellow spots at the mouth, downy ;
lobes entire ; spur slender, acute, diverging.
J'ar. ft, humilis (Chav. antirrh. p. 96.) leaves oblong, nearly
sessile ; calyx about equal in length to the corolla ; corolla
small, with a straight spur. ©. H. Native of Sicily, on arid
rocks of Montallegro, Mineo, &c.
Red-leaved Toad-¥hx. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. |
to I foot.
§ 2. Capsule membranous ; cells equal in size ; each cell
dehiscing by 3 teeth at apex.
6 L. mi'nor (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 46. Chav. antirrh. p. 97.)
stem erect, much branched, downy ; leaves oblong-linear, ob-
tuse, downy : lower ones opposite ; pedicels twice or thrice as
long as the calyx ; flowers small, distant ; calycine segments
linear-spatulate, clothed with glandular hairs. ©. H. Native
of Europe, in sandy corn-fields frequent ; as of F'rance, Swit-
zerland, England, Germany, Barbary, and Caucasus, Sec. D. C.
fl. fr. 3. p. 591. L. Antirrhinum, Chevall, fl. gen. des env. de
Par. t. 2. L. viscida, Moench. nieth. p. 524. Ant. minus, Lin.
spec. p. 852. Oed. fl. dan. t. 502. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 249.
t. 53. f. 1. Smith, engl. bot. 28. t. 2014.— Hall. hist. p. 335.
Linaria pumila vulgatior arvensis, Tourn. inst. p. 169. — Riv.
mon. irr. 1. t. 85. f. 2. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 465. icone. Plant
beset with clammy glandular hairs. Flowers in the axils of the
superior leaves. Corolla small, whitish, having the tube and
upper lip pale violet ; the palate beset with yellow hairs ; lower
lip white ; spur very short, obtuse. Seeds truncate at apex ;
testa marked by longitudinal furrows.
Smaller Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Nov. England. PI. i to |
foot.
7 L. LiTTORA LIS (Willd. enum. p. 641. Chav. antirrh. p.
98.) downy ; stem erect, branched ; leaves usually alternate,
oblong, obtuse ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; flowers in
loose racemes ; calycine segments linear, acutish. ©. H. Na-
tive of Austria, on the banks of rivers ; and in the South of
Istria. Ant. pubescens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 156. but not of
Tenore. L. pubescens, Desf. herb, but not of Presl. Ant.
littorale, Bernh. ex D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 410. Corolla bluish, with
a straight spur. This is very nearly allied to L. minor, but the
))lant is larger, less branched, and the pedicels shorter.
Sca-shore Toad-¥\ax. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1820. PI. i to
1 foot.
Sect. II. Cymbala'ria (from Kvfiftr], kymhe, a boat ; in re-
ference to the shape of the leaves.) Chav. antirrh. 98. Ela-
tine species, Moench. Cymbalavia species, Baumg. and Gray.
Leaves palmate-nerved, usually lobed, on long petioles. Flow-
ers axillary, supported by long pedicels. Corolla having the
throat closed by the palate ; spur obtuse, much shorter than the
corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 6 valves at the apex. Seeds
oblong; testa much wrinkled (Chav. antirrh. t. 5. f. 16.) — Hy-
pocarpogeous perennial plants, usually growing in the fissures of
rocks and walls.
8 L. Cymbala^ria (Mill. diet. ed. 8th. no. 17. Chav- an-
tirrh. p. 98.) quite glabrous ; leaves for the most part alternate,
cordately reniform, 5-7-lobed : lobes rounded or cuneiform,
mucronulate ; floriferous pedicels longer than the leaves ; caly-
cine segments linear-lanceolate, acute, smaller than the capsule.
%. H. Native of Europe, on old walls frequent ; especially in
Italy and Sicily, where it is alone indigenous ; it is also found
in Prance, Germany, Switzerland, Britain, apparently wild, but
has probably been introduced. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 583. Tenore,
syll. p. 302. Cymbalaria hederacea. Gray, brit. pi. 2. p. 322.
Ant. hederaceum. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 338. Cymbalaria muralis,
Baumg. trans. 2. p. 208. Elatine Cymbalaria, Moench. meth. p.
525. Ant. quinquelobum, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 385.
Ant. Cymbalaria, Lin. spec. p. 851. Bull. herb. t. 395. Smith,
engl. bot. 7. t. 502. — Hall. hist. no. 339. Linaria hederaceo
folio glabro seu Cymbalaria vulgaris, Tourn. inst. 1. p. 169. —
Lob. icon. t. 615.^ — ^Riv. mon. irr. t. 86. f. 2. Roots rhizoma-
tose, emitting fibres. Branches prostrate, creeping and rooting,
purplish-green. Corolla bluish-purple, with a yellow palate ;
spur a little curved. Capsule globose, ventricose, glabrous.
There is a variety of this with white flowers, and pale green
branches and leaves, and another variety with variegated leaves.
Parkinson calls the plant Italian Bastard Navel-wort.
Var. ft, acutdngula (Chav. antirrh. p. 99.) leaves smaller,
cordate, 5-9-lobed : superior leaves hastately 5-lobed : lobes
cuneiform, acute ; floriferous pedicels much longer than the
leaves ; calycine segments linear, bluntish ; corolla a little
smaller. 11 . H. Native of Italy, in the fissures of rocks,
about Naples, Abruzzo, St. Angelo, &c. L. acutangula,
Tenore, syll. p. 302. Ant. acutangulum, Tenore, cat. 1819.
p. 52. fl. neap. 2. p. 47. t. 59.
Var. y, hedercsfhlia (Chav. antirrh. p. 99.) leaves usually 3-
lohed, thick : lobes broader ; calycine segments linear, obtuse ;
flowers a little larger than the species. 1/ . H. Native of
Auvergne, on the Golden Mountain. Ant. hedersefolium, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 18. but not of Saltzm. under Linaria.
Var. S, Sieberi (Chav. 1. c.) leaves smaller : some of the lower
ones entire, and some cordate-roundish : lobes less obtuse ;
flowers smaller ; spur twice as long, and thicker than in the
species. %. H. Native of Candia, near Perivoglio, Sieber.
Ant. Cymbalaria, Sieb. herb. cret.
Cymbalaria, or Ivy-leaved Toad-Flax. Fl. May, Nov. Bri-
tain. PI. creeping and trailing.
9 L. HEPATic.tFOLiA (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 344. Chav. an-
tirrh. p. 100.) glabrous ; leaves opposite, usually reniform, 3-
5-lobed : lobes rounded and mucronulate : intermediate lobe
large ; floriferous pedicels longer than the leaves ; calycine seg-
ments linear, acutish, exceeding the capsule. IJ.. H. Native
of Corsica, on the mountains, Saltzm. ; near Ajaccio, Thom. ;
and at Lake Iria. L. hederajfolia, Saltzm. exsic. Ant. Cym-
balaria, var. ft, Lois. fl. gall. 2. p. 373. Ant. hepaticaefolium,
Poir. suppl. 4. p. 19. Branches purplish, much shorter than
those of L. Cymbalaria. Leaves deep green, usually 3-lobed,
but sometimes quite entire. Corollas almost twice the size of
those of L. Cymbalaria, bluish-purple ; spur usually straight.
Capsule globose, glabrous.
Liverrvort-leaved Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Nov. PL trailing.
10 L. pa'llida (Tenore, fl. nap. 1. p. 32. et add. fl. nap. t.
159. f 2. syll. p. 302. Chav. antirrh. p. 101.) pubescent;
leaves opposite, cordately reniform, 3-5-lobed : lobes rounded,
hardly mucronate ; floriferous pedicels shorter than the leaves ;
SCROPHULARINEiE. VII. Linaria.
5in
calycine segments linear-lanceolate, acutisb. l/.H. Native of
Abruzzo, in gravelly places, and among rocks on the moun-
tains ; and on the mountains of Magella. Ant. pubescens, Te-
nore, A. neap. prod. p. .'J6. Branches slender, diffuse. Leaves
sometimes quite entire, rarely crenated, dark green. Corolla
pale blue, sweet-scented ; spur straight. Capsule globose,
smoothish.
/"a/e-flowered Toad-Fla.x. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI.
4 to 6 inches.
11 L. piLosA (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 584. Tenor, syll. p. 302.
Chav. antirrh. p. 101.) leaves opposite and alternate, cordately
rounded or reniform, villous, 5-lI-lobed: lobes rounded, mu-
cronulale ; floriferoiis pedicels about equal in length to the
leaves ; calycine segments narrow-lanceolate, acute, shorter than
the capsule. %. H. Native of Sicily, on the mountains, or
in the fissures of shaded humid rocks, particularly near Pa-
lermo ; and about Naples, &c. L. pubescens, Presl. del. prag.
p. 74. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 158. Ant. pilosum, Lin.
mant. p. 749. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 29. t. 48. — Cup. pampli. sic. t.
214. — Alich. pi. ital. ed. germ. no. 108. Linaria hederaceo
folio villoso seu Cymbalaria alpitia, Tourn. inst. 1. p. 169.
Branches prostrate, radicant, clothed with white hairs. Leaves
soft, villous, purplish beneath. Calyx pilose. Corolla purplish
blue, with a yellow palate, and rather incurved spur. Capsule
downy, globosely ventricose.
Var. /3, pumita (Chav. antirrh. p. 101.) leaves smaller, thick ;
plant hardly 4 inches long.
Pilose Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. creep-
ing.
12 L. ^quitri'loba (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 304. Ciiav. an-
tirrh. p. 102.) plant rather pilose, very slender; leaves opposite,
small, cordately reniform, 3-lobed : lobes rounded, shortly mu-
cronulate ; floriferous pedicels longer than the leaves ; segments
of calyx linear-lanceol.Tte, shorter than the capsule. %. H.
Native of Corsica, on Monte della Trinita, among rocks ; about
Saint Antoine, in high, shady, rocky places ; and near Spelun-
cato. Ant. sequitrilobum, Viv. fl. cors. p. 10. fragm. fl. lyb. p.
68. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2941. Branches slender, creeping
or pilose. Leaves very numerous, shining, green, often smooth-
ish : lower ones on long villous petioles. Corolla purplish-blue,
with a short straight spur. Capsule small, globose. This spe-
cies is very nearly allied to the preceding, but is readily distin-
guished by the smaller membranous leaves ; by the filiform
branches ; and by the slender flexuous pedicels.
Equal-lohed-\ea\edToM\-FhK. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1829.
PI. creeping.
Sect. III. Elatinoi'des (this section contains species agree-
ing with L. Eldline in the characters indicated below.) Chav.
antirrh. p. 103. Elatine species, Moench. and Gray. Cymba-
laria species, Baumg. Loaves feather-nerved, usually on short
petioles, alternate (the lower ones sometimes opposite, rarely
wanting), toothed or lobed, sometimes entire. Flowers axillary,
distant. Corolla with a prominent palate at the throat ; and an
acute spur, which is about equal in length to the corolla, but
never longer. Capsule nearly spherical, dehiscing at the sides
by 2 lids, or operculi ; or ovate, and dehiscing by 2 valves at
the apex. Seeds ovate, truncate or roundish ; testa full of irre-
gular little pits, or granular from tubercles. (Chav. antirrh. t.
4. f. 19 — 21.) Annual or suffriitescent plants, commonly pro-
cumbent.
§ 1. Capsule nearly sj}lierical, dehiscing hi/ 2 circular lids or
operculi at the sides. Chav. antirrh. t. 5. f. 9 — 10.
13 L. scARiosA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 38. t. 131. Chav. antirrh.
p. 103.) villous; leaves oblong, or ovate-oblong, petiolate :
lower ones opposite, angularly toothed above the base : su|)erior
leaves alternate, quite entire; pedicels much shorter than the
corolla; calycine segments ovate-oldong, scarious. 0. H.
Native of Tunis, on arid hills ; and in corn-fields near Kervan ;
and probably of Spain. Ant. dcntatum, Vahl, synib. 2. p. 66.
t. 37. Willd. spec. 3. p. 234. but not of Poir. Ant. scariosum.
Lam. diet. 4. p. 349. Pers. ench. 2. p. 156. Branches pro-
strate, densely clothed with simple spreading pili, like the rest
of the plant. Leaves 1-3 inches long. Flowers numerous, ap-
proximate. Corolla large, yellow, downy ; spur arched ; fila-
ments rather hispid. Seed oblong-ovate ; testa pitted.
Scarious Toad-flax. PI. prostrate.
14 L. ELATiNOiDES (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 39. t. 132. Chav.
antirrh. p. 104.) downy; leaves alternate, ovate and elliptic, ob-
tuse : lower ones dentately angular, on short petioles : superior
ones sessile, quite entire ; pedicels shorter than the corolla ; ca-
lycine segments oblong, acute, with membranous edges. ©. H.
Native of Habra, in cultivated fields near Mascar. Ant. elati-
nokles, Willd. spec. 3. p. 235. Pers. ench. 2. p. 155. but not
of Tenore. Branches 1-2 feet long, procumbent and prostrate;
branchlets spreading, slender. Leaves glabrous or downy :
lower ones 1-2 inches long. Flowers in the axils of the supe-
rior leaves. Corollas size of those of /^. i^!</n'ari«, yellow ; spur
a little arched, sometimes straight. Capsule glabrous. Seeds
a little curved ; testa brown, foveolate.
Elaline-like Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1821, PI.
prostrate.
15 L. dealba'ta (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 231. t. 34.
Chav. antirrh. p. 104.) hairy ; leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate,
sessile, acute : lower ones toothed : superior ones entire; pedi-
cels very short; calycine segments lanceolate, acute. ©. H.
Native of Portugal, near Thomar ; and in the Algarves and
Alentejo, Brot. Ant. lanigerum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 189. but
not of Willd. Branches slender, 2-3 feet long ; branchlets stiff,
spreading. Lower leaves an inch long. Flowers small, in the
axils of the superior leaves. Corolla small, referrible in shape
to those of L. spurium; upper lip violaceous : lower ones white ;
palate pale, and marked with blue dots. Seeds ovate; testa
finely foveolate.
Whitened Toad -Flax. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI.
trailing.
16 L. iani'gera (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 38. t. 130. Chav. an-
tirrh. p. 105.) clothed with woolly villi ; leaves alternate, cor-
date, or cordately roimded, mucronulate, woolly : lower leaves
on short petioles, and sometimes vaguely toothed : superior
ones nearly sessile, quite entire ; pedicels longer than the leaves;
calycine segments linear-lanceolate, acute. ©. H. Native
about ancient Carthage, in cultivated fields. Ant. lanigerum,
Willd. spec. 3. p. 235. but not of Brot. Plant 1-3 feet long ;
branches prostrate, slender. Lower leaves 5-6 lines long. Co-
rolla villous, small, yellowish, a little incurved. Capsule gla-
brous. Seeds egg-shaped ; testa pitted.
^Foo/-6e«rmg- Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI.
prostrate.
17 L. spu'ria (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 15. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.
584. Chav. antirrh. p. 105.) plant pilose; leaves cordate-
ovate or ovate, mucronate at apex : lower ones sometimes oppo-
site, on short petioles, and obsoletely toothed : superior ones
quite entire, nearly sessile ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; ca-
lycine segments ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base, acute.
©. H. Native throughout Europe, in corn-fields. Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 2d. vol.4, p. 11. L. lanigera, Hoffm. et Link, fl.
port. 1. p. 231. t. 34. exclusive of the syn. of Desf. Elatuie
ovata, Gray, brit. pi. 2. p. 321. Ant. spiirium, Lin. spec. p.
851. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 188. Smith, engl. bot. 10. t. 691.
520
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Linaria.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 913. Labr. et Heg. icon. helv. 5. t. 1. Cym-
balaria spuria, Baumg. trans. 2. p. 209.- — Hall. helv. no. 341.
Linaria segetum nummularise folio villoso, Tourn. inst. 1. p.
169.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 372. f. 1— Tabern. 2. t. 413. f. 1.—
Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 14. f. 27. Plant a foot or more long,
clothed with spreading articulated hairs. Branches usually pro-
cumbent. Leaves 1-3 inches long. Corolla yellow ; upper lip
dark purple ; spur incurved. Capsule downy. Seeds ovoid,
compressed ; testa foveolate.
J'ar. l3, dentala (Chav. antirrh. p. 106.) lower leaves, and
sometimes also the upper ones toothed ; flowers larger ; plant
firmer, erectish. 0. H. Native of France and Switzerland,
rather frequent.
Var. y, mkrophylla (Chav. 1. c. t. 8.) leaves much smaller,
roundish, woolly. ©. H. Native about Montpelier. Peloria
comm. goett. 1. p. 351. t. 15. f. 4. Stoehel, in act. helv. 2. p.
25. t. 4.
Spurious Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. England. PI. pros.
18 L. Ela'tine (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 16. Chav. antirrh. p.
107.) pilose; leaves usually ovate-hastate, mucronulate at toj),
alternate : lower ones sometimes opposite, and often denticu-
lated ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; calycine segments
lanceolate, very acute. ©. H. Native of Europe, North of
Africa, frequent in corn-fields; and of the Island of Madeira.
It is also to be found in North America, but has, most proba-
bly, been introduced from Europe. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 584.
Tenore, syll. p. 302. L. commutata, Bernh. in Reichb. pi. crit.
19. t. 815. f. 1101. Ant. elatinoides, Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p. 48.
Ant. auriculatum. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 339. Cymbalaria Elatino.
Baumg. trans. 2. p. 208. Elatine hastata, Moench, meth. p.
524. Gray. brit. pi. 2. p. 321. Ant. Elatine, Lin. spec. p.
851. Oed. fl. dan. t. 426. Bull. herb. t. 245. Smith, engl.
hot. 10. t. 692. Gaud. fl. helv. 3. p. 147. but not of Sibth,
herb. — Hall. hist. no. 340. Linaria segetum nummulariae folio
aiirito et villoso, flore luteo, Tourn. inst. 1. p. 169. — Mor. hist.
2. sect. 5. t. 14. f. 28.— Lob. icon. 470.— Blackw. herb. t. 170.
EXani)), Diosc. 4. p. 40. This species comes very near the
preceding, but it is readily distinguished by its slender habit,
and the usually smaller hastate leaves, with acute auricles : and
in the segments of the calyx being less cordate at the base. The
flowers are the same, but sometimes bluish.
Var. (j, ccerulca (Chav. antirrh. p. 107.) flowers blue, larger ;
leaves broader, usually toothed. Q. H. Native of Egypt and
Mauritania. Linaria segetunn nummularise folio aurito et vil-
loso, flore caeruleo, Tourn. inst. p. 1 69. Elatine folio acumi-
nate, flore caeruleo, Bauh. pin. 253. Magn. bot. p. 89.
Var. y, S'lehiri (Chav. 1. c.) very villous ; leaves smaller, usu-
ally cordate-ovate, not hastate : calycine segments narrower.
©. H. Native of Candia. ? L. Elatine, Sieb. in herb. Gay.
L. Sieberi, Rchb. fl. germ. sect. 2. p. 374.
Vor. c, hamosa (Chav. 1. c. p. 108.) flowers pale blue, larger;
spur hooked ; calycine segments almost linear. 0. H. Native
of the Island Ischia, on rocks ; and of Calabria and Camaria.
Ant. hamosum, Passy, in herb. D. C. et Merat.
Var. I, peloria (Chav. 1. c.) flowers shape of those of Z. vul-
garis, \'ar. peloria. 0. H. Hegets, in descript. L. s2Mria,m
icon. helv. 5. no. 1.
Elatine, or Halbert-leaved Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Nov.
Britain. PI. trailing.
19 L. Grje'ca (Chav. antirrh. p. 108.) villous ; lower leaves
ovate-oblong, or ovate, opposite : superior ones ovate-lanceo-
late, hastate, alternate, on short petioles ; pedicels capillary,
much longer than the leaves ; segments of calyx linear, very
acute, hardly exceeding the capsule. 0. H. Native of the
Grecian Islands, and the neighbouring continent ; Corsica and
Sardinia. Ant. Gree'cuni, Bory, et Chaub. fl. pelop. no. 796.
t. 21. L. Elatine, D. Urv. enum. p. 74. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
graec. icone. but not of Mill. Branches slender at first, erect-
ish, but at length prostrate, nearly simple. Pedicels stiff, bent,
or twisted at apex, quite glabrous. Corolla downy, citron co-
loured ; spur arched, at length straight, rather longer than the
corolla. Capsule glabrous. Testa of seeds brown, granularly
tubercled.
Grecian Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Oct. PI. prostrate.
20 L. ciRRHo'sA (Willd. enum. p. 689. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p.
407. Chav. antirrh. p. 109.) pilose, very slender ; leaves lan-
ceolate, or linear-lanceolate, hastate, alternate, petiolate ; pedi-
cels longer than the leaves, here and there twisted like tendrils ;
calycine segments linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the cap-
sule. ©. H. Native of the South of France, in corn fields;
in Camaria ; Stoechades ; Corsica, near Ajaccio ; and on the
mountains about Bola ; Island of Ischia, in hedges; Candia;
and Egypt. Ten. syll. p. 302. Elatine tenuis, Moench, meth.
suppl. 171. Ant. cirrhosum, Lin. mant. 249. Jacq. hort. vind.
t. 82. Tenore, fl. neap. 2. p. 49. Linaria supina villosa, folio
sagittate, Till. pis. t. 32. f. 2. Habit of plant slender, pros-
trate. Corolla small, bluish ; palate white, marked with purple
dots; spur almost straight, shorter than the corolla. Capsule
downy. Seeds ovate-truncate ; testa black, tubercular.
Tendrilled Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1771. PI.
prostrate.
21 L. ALSiN.a:Fo"i,iA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 729. Chav. antirrh.
p. 110.) leaves quite entire, downy: lower ones ovate, opposite,
on long petioles : superior ones ovate-cordate, niucronate, peti-
olate ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, very aciue, with membranous edges. 0. H.
Native of the small Islands between Corsica and Sardinia ; and
on the north-west shore of Sardinia; and in the desert near the
Red Sea. Ant. alsinifolium, Viv. fl. cors. p. 10. The whole
herb is clothed with short white glandular hairs. Branches
erectish. Lower leaves 1 inch long. Calyx villous, ciliated.
Corolla small, yellow, with a straight, short, acute spur. Cap-
sule smoothish. Seeds roundish ; testa brown, granularly tuber-
cled.
Cliickweed-leaved Toad-flax. PI. 1 foot.
22 L. /Egyi'ti'aca (Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 1st. t. 11. p.
92. Chav. antirrh. p. 110.) suffruticose, downy ; leaves altern-
ate, ovate, usually tricuspidate, petiolate ; pedicels bent at top,
at length ending each in a spine ; calycine segments linear-
lanceolate, acute. ^ . F. Native of Egypt, in arid places
near Cairo ; and on the mountains of Cyrenaica. Ait. hort.
kevv. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 11. Del. fl. segypt. p. 95. t. 92. Ant.
spinescens, Viv. fl. libyc. p. 22. t. 27. f. 2. L. spinescens,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 789. Ant. jEgyptiacum, Lin. syst. p. 464.
Larn. diet. 4. p. 350. Forsk. aegypt. p. 112. EX^u?/, Diosc.
ex Sibth. The branches rise from the neck of the plant the
first year, but afterwards the neck becomes the form of a cau-
dex, and twisted; branches 1-3 feet long. Leaves glaucous,
2-3 lines long. Corolla small, yellowish ; spur blue, hooked.
Capsule downy. Seeds small ; testa granulately tubercled.
The L. sjrinescensofViv. is only the old state of L. /Egyptiaca.
Egyptian Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1771. Shrub
trailing.
23 L. FRUTico'sA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 39. t. 133. Chav.
antirrh. p. 111.) stem suffruticose, villous, branched; leaves
alternate, petiolate, ovate-oblong, acutish, downy, rarely fur-
nished with one or two teeth at the base : superior ones entire ;
pedicels shorter than the leaves, erect ; calycine segments nar-
row, acute. Ij . F. Native of Barbary, on calcareous moun-
tains near Cafsa. Ant. fruticosum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 237.
Pers. ench. 2. p. 155. Stem woody, thick, twisted; branches
erect, villous. Leaves acutish, or obtuse, 3-4 lines long. Pedi-
SCROPHULARINE^. VII, Linaria.
521
eels glabrous. Calyx downy. Corolla yellow ; spur straight,
or arched ; upper lip emargiiiate, somewliat 2-lobed ; lobes
reflexed. Capsule downy. Seeds small ; testa tubercled.
Shrubby Toad-Flax. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 2. Capsule ovate, dehiscing by two oblong, valve-formed
lids at apex.
24 L. RAMOsi'ssiMA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 43. t. 153.)
snioothish ; caudex thick ; branches elongated, woody ; leaves
alternate, petiolate, quite glabrous, all triangularly hastate, or
the lower ones are somewhat palmate nerved, and 5-7-lobed ;
pedicels stift', longer than the petioles ; segments of the calyx
linear-lanceolate, very acute, with membranous margins, fj . F.
Native of India, in Hindostan and Burmah, in waste and stony
places, Wall.; in the province of Dellii, Royle; Coromandol,
Heyne; and at Patna, Hamilton. L. hastata, Royle, mss. L.
Roylei, Cliav. antirrh. p. 112. Caudex twisted ; branches erect,
or ascending, downy. Pedicels glabrous, bent at top, and like
the petioles becoming at length stiff and spine-like. Calyx
glabrous. Corolla downy, yellow ; upper lip short ; spur short,
arciied. Capsule glabrous. Seeds nearly orbicular ; testa
black, finely tubercled.
Much-branched Toad-Flax. Shrub 1 to \\ foot.
25 L. inca'na (Wall. cat. no. 3910. Benth. scroph. ind. p.
20.) clothed with lioary villi ; stems prostrate, woody at the
base ; leaves ovate, villous, rather cordate at the base, quite
entire, or sub-hastate ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; seg-
ments of calyx linear, acute. I^ . F. Native of Nipaul, in
fields, and among rubbish in the valleys. Corolla pale brown,
spotted witli purple inside.
Hoary Toad-Flax. Shrub prostrate.
26 L. iieterophv'lla (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 790. Chav. an-
tirrh. p. 112. but not of Desf.) suftVuticose ; branches slender,
glabrous ; leaves petiolate : lower ones oblong-hastate : superior
ones linear-lanceolate, and linear, sometimes hastate, or sagit-
tate, sometimes quite entire ; pedicels longer than the leaves ;
calycine segments nearly lanceolate, acute. [^ . F. Native
near Mogodor ; and of the Canary Islands. Webb, et Bertho-
let, fl. can. icon. ined. Ant. heterophyllum, Willd. spec. 3. p.
234. Ant. sagittatum, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 20. Caudex woody;
branches 1-2 feet, striated. Lower leaves 8-14 lines long,
glabrous above, but rather downy on the back. Corolla large,
yellow, with a woolly palate, and straight spur. Testa of seed
granularly tubercled.
f'ariablc-lcaved Toad-Flax. Shrub procumbent.
9.7 L. circina'ta (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 235.)
suftVuticose, glabrous ; leaves sagittate, circinately recurved,
acute behind ; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated ; spur
subulate, straight, length of corolla ; palate with 2 prominences,
densely"bearded. fj . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Co-
rollas of a sulphur colour, larger than those of L, vulgaris,
clothed with glandular pubescence ; palate deeper coloured,
clothed «ith dark red hairs. Leaves alternate. Peduncles fili-
form, axillary, solitary, thickened at top.
C(m««/e-leaved Toad- Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824.
PL procumbent.
28 L. spartioi'des (Brouss. ex Buch. besch. der. can. p. 163.
Webb, et Berth. 1. c. Chav. antirrh. p. 113.) suffruticose,
glabrous ; branches leafless at the base, twiggy ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, or linear, quite entire, alternate : lower ones peti-
olate : superior ones nearly sessile ; pedicels longer than the
leaves ; calycine segments nearly lanceolate, very acute. Ij . F.
Native of Teneriff'e, and Grand Canary, on rocks by the sea-
side; and of Cape Verd, u])on a hill called in French Les
Mamelles, and by the English the Paps. L. scoparia, Brouss.
in herb. D. C. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 789. Root emitting many
VOL. IV.
procumbent br.anches. Leaves 6-12 lines long. Pedicels bent
at top. Corollas size of those of L. GrcEca, do«ny, yellow ;
spur ascending. Seeds ovoid ; testa brown, tubercled.
Broom-like ToaA-'Pla.-x.. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub
procumbent.
Sect. III. Linaria'strum (from Linaria and astrum, an
affixed signification like; the name is given to the section of
the genus from its containing the only legitimate species of the
genus.) Cliav. antirrh. p. 114. Linariastrum, the greater part
Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 344. Leaves sessile, alternate, or verti-
cillate, rarely opposite, feather-nerved, quite entire, usually
glaucous. Flowers terminal, racemose, spicately racemose, and
sometimes somewhat capitate. Palate at the throat of the
corolla, proininent. Capsule dehiscing by 4-10 small valves or
teeth at the apex. Seeds angular; or discoid, girded by a mem-
branous border or margin, emarginate at the hilum.
§ 1. Leaves dilated, ovate, lanceolate, or oblong, verlicillate
or alternate, Floivers racemose, or spicately racemose. Corolla
always beyond 3 lines long, rvith the spur,
* Leaves usually 4 in a whorl. Flowers usually verticillate.
29 L. TRioRNiTHOPHORA (Willd. enum. p. 639. Chav. antirrh.
p. 114.) branches erect, decumbent at top; leaves lanceolate,
acute, quite glabrous ; flowers usually 3-4 in a whorl. 1^. G.
Native of Portugal, especially in the province of Minho, in
gravelly, mountainous, humid places. HofTm. et Link, fl. port. p.
244. L. Lusitanica, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 3. but not of Brot.
Ant. triornithophorum, Lin. spec. p. 852. Vent. malm. p. 11.
t. 11. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 198. Curt. bot. mag. 525. Linaria
latissimo folio Lusitanica, Tourn. inst. 1. p. 169. — Riv. mon.
jrr. 1. t. 84.— Herm. lugdb. 376. t. 377. Plant glaucous, gla-
brous. Leaves usually 4 in a whorl, rarely 3-5, 2-3 inches
long, glaucous beneath, with purplish edges. Calyxes exceed-
ing the capsule. Corolla an inch long, pale violet, or purple ;
spur straight, equal to the corolla in length ; palate yellow ;
tube inflated, and striated. Capsule dehiscing by 8 teeth at
apex. Seeds discoid.
Three-birds-bearing 'Yos.i\-¥\a-x.. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1710.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
* * Leaves all 3 in a mhorl, or only the lower ones, or oppo-
site ; the rest alternate.
30 L. LATiFOLiA (Desf. fl, atl. 2. p. 40. t. 134. Chav.
antirrh. p. 115.) glabrous; branches erect, almost simple,
twiggy ; leaves broad-lanceolate : lower ones 3 in a whorl :
superior ones alternate ; flowers disposed in long spicato ra-
cemes ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, exceeding the cap-
sule. ©. H. Native of Barbary, in corn fields near Mascar
and Tlemsen. Ant. latifolium, W'illd. spec. 3. p. 238. Pers.
ench. 2. p. 155. Leaves somewhat stem-clasping, li to 3
inches long, rather glaucous. Corollas size of those of L.
vulgaris, yellow ; spur straight, or a little arched, length of
corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 6 small valves at apex. Seeds
discoid.
Broad-leaved Toad-Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
31 L. hi'rta (Moench, meth. suppl. p. 170. Chav. antirrh.
p. 1 16.) villous, erect ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acutish : the lower
ones 3 in a whorl, or opjjosite, the rest alternate ; flowers
crowded ; segments of the calyx ovate-oblong, obtuse : upper
one the largest. ©. H. Native of Spain, near Madrid ; and
about Malaga ; of Portugal, in cultivated fields between Serpa
and La Guadiana. L. vill6sa, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 10. but not
of D. C. L. semiglabra, Salzm. exsic. in herb. D. C. Ant,
3 X
522
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Linaria.
viscosum, Curt. bot. mag. t. 368. Ant. hirtum, Lin. syst. p.
446. spec. p. 857. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 12. t. 117. Hoffm.
et Link, fl. port. p. 246. Plant clotlied with clammy, glandular
hairs. Leaves half stem-clasping, 1-2 inches long. Corolla
yellow, showy, marked by green stripes, 9-14 lines long, with
the spur, which is straight, and equal in length to the corolla ;
palate fulvous. Capsule opening by 6 small valves at apex.
Seeds compressed, sub-discoid, obscurely triquetrous; testa grey,
scrobiculate.
//a!>y Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. J to If
foot.
32 L. Cavanille'sii (Chav. antirrh. p. 117.) villous, erect;
leaves ovate, subpetiolate, usually 3 in a whorl ; flowers crowded ;
calycine segments oblong, contracted at the base : superior one
the longest. ©. H. Native of Spain, on the shady mountains
of la Cova Aha, near Albayda and Palomera. Ant. triphyl-
lum, Cav. icon. 2. p. 61. t. 179, exclusive of all the synonymes.
Linaria Hispanica trifolia latifolia villosa, Tourn. inst. p. 169.
Branches branched at top, clothed with capitate or glandular
hairs, like the rest of the plant. Leaves | inch long and more,
3-nerved, bluntish. Flowers crowded into a spike-formed
raceme. Corolla almost like that of the preceding, pale yellow ;
spur a little incurved ; superior lip whitish, marked with brown
lines. Capsule downy, opening by 6 teeth at apex. Seed
almost similar to those of the last.
Cavanilles's Toad-Flax. Fl. April, July. PI. 1 foot.
S3 L. triphy'lla (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 2. Desf. fl. atl. 2.
p. 40. Chav. ant. p. 118.) quite glabrous, glaucous, erect, or
ascending ; leaves ovate and elliptic, usually 3 in a whorl ;
flowers disposed in dense, spicate racemes ; calycine segments
oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the capsule.
0. H. Native of Italy, Calabria, Spain, Portugal, Sicily, Cor-
sica, France, &c. Tenore, syll. p. 303. L. glabrata, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 362. L. neglecta, Clarke and
Guss. pi. sic. rar. p. 249. fl. sic. t. 305. f. 1. Tenore, syll. p.
303. Ant. tricolor, Hort. Ant. triphyllum, Lin. spec. 2. p.
85. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 344. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 249. t. 53.
Curt. bot. mag. 324. Viv. fl. libyc. 33. Tenore, fl. neap. 2. p.
49.— Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 4. — Plukn. t. 96. f. 4.— Barrel, pi.
rar. p. 44. t. 22.— Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 12. f. 2 Cup. pamph.
2. t. 57.— Clus. hist. 1. p. 320. icone.— Lob. icon. 408. — Clus.
hisp. 351. icon. Linaria triphylla minor liitea, Bauh. pin. 212.
Tourn. inst. p. 169. Lower leaves an inch long, obtuse, or
acutish : upper ones smaller, 3 in a whorl, opposite, or alternate,
attenuated at both ends. Upper segment of calyx rather the
largest. Corolla variegated with three colours, blue, white, and
yellow; spur arched, almost the length of the corolla : upper
lip pale purplish blue, lower one smaller and whitish ; the
palate yellow ; the spur blue, or violaceous, acute. Capsule
furrowed, opening by 6 valves at apex. Seeds prismatic, sub-
triquetrous, angular ; testa brown, reticulately excavated.
Var. ji, ccerulea (Chav. antirrh. p. 118.) corollas nearly all
blue; leaves narrower; plant more slender. 0. H. Linaria
triphyllos caerulea, Bauh. pin. p. 212. Tourn. inst. p. 169.
Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 12. f. 23. Linaria neglecta, var. /3, Guss.
icon. fl. sic. t. 305. f. 2.
Var. y, Peldr'm (Roem. arch. bot. 1. p. 125.) corollas shaped
like those of Peloria, var. of i. vulgaris.
Three-leaved Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
34 L. virga'ta (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 41. t. 135. Chav. antirrh.
p. 119.) glabrous, glaucescent ; branches erect, simple, twiggy ;
lower leaves ovate, 3 in a whorl : superior ones ovate-lanceo-
late, generally alternate ; flowers disposed in spicate racemes ;
calycine segments linear, very acute, exceeding the capsule. 0.
H. Native of Numidia, Poir. ; in corn-fields of Algiers, Desf. ;
1
in fields near Tripoli ; and in the Great Syrtus, Viv. Ant. vir-
gatum, Poir. itin. 2. p. 192. Lam. ill. t. 531. f. 4. Viv. fl.
libyc. p. 33. Branches erect, or decumbent. Leaves mucro-
nuiate, 5-9 lines long. Bracteas and calyxes hairy. Corolla
blue ; spur subulate, twice as long as the corolla : upper lip
elongated. Capsule opening by 6 teeth at apex. Seeds subtri-
quetrous, angular ; testa brown, scrobiculate.
Tn'^^rg,/ Toad-Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i to
1 foot.
35 L. refle'xa (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 42. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.
585. Chav. antirrh. p. 119.) glabrous, procumbent; leaves
ovate, acute, glaucous : lower ones 3 in a whorl : superior ones
alternate ; flowers in loose racemes ; pedicels longer than the
leaves, reflexed after flowering ; calycine segments sub-lanceo-
late, acute. 0. H. Native of Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, Italy,
Tunis, in corn-fields. Guss. prod. fl. sic p. 162. Tenore,
syll. p. 303. L. rhegina, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 792. Ant. pros-
trtitum, Cyr. in herb. Moricand. Ant. reflexum, Lin. syst. p.
557. spec. p. 857. All. misc. taur. 2. p. 205. t. 1. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. grffic. t. 593. Corolla pale blue, rarely white ; palate
yellow ; spur straight, twice or tlirice as long as the corolla,
subulate, acute ; upper lip erect, elongated. Capsule dehiscing
by 6 valves at apex. Seeds subreniform ; testa brown, pitted.
/ff/exerf-pedicelled Toad-Flax. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PI. procumbent.
36 L. peduncula'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 797. Chav. antirrh.
p. 120.) quite glabrous, ascending; lower leaves ovate-lance-
olate, obtuse, 3 in a whorl, and opposite : middle and upper
ones oblong, alternate ; flowers on long pedicels ; pedicels at
length firm, not reflexed ; calycine segments linear-oblong,
obtuse, shorter than the capsule. 0. H. Native of Spain,
as about La Torre Gorda, Malaga. Gibraltar, &c. L.
transtagina, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 792, exclusive of the syn. of
Link. Ant. spartium, Saltzm. exsic. in herb. D. C, et Gay,
but not of Lin. Ant. pedunculatum, Lin. spec. 2. p. 857.
Lam. diet. 4. p. 363. Branches woody at the base, and often
without leaves ; young branches leafy and decumbent. Leaves
3-4 lines long, like those of Polygonum aviculare. Corolla
blue, marked with deeper veins, size of those of Z. origanijblia ;
palate yellow ; spur straight, subulate, shorter than the corolla.
Capsule opening by 6 small valves at apex. Seeds reniform ;
testa black, muricated. Flowers loose.
Pcdunculatc-i\o\\ered Toad-Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
PI. i to 1 foot.
37 L. laVvA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 42. t. 136. D. C. fl. fr. 3.
p. 729. Chav. antirrh. p. 121.) glabrous, erect; lower leaves
ovate, or ovate-oblong, 3 in a whorl : superior ones oblong-
linear, alternate : flowers terminal, few, on short pedicels ;
calycine segments broadly linear, obtuse, shorter than the cap-
sule. 0. H. Native of Barbary, in corn-fields near La
Calle ; Numidia ; Sardinia ; Corsica, in sand by the sea near
Ajaccio ; and of Spain. Ant. flavum, Poir. itin. 2. p. 191.
Lam. diet. 4. p. 358. Lower leaves 4-6 lines long : superior
ones smaller, all obtuse and glaucous. Corolla small, deep yel-
low ; spur acute, about equal in length to the corolla. Capsule
opening by 6 small valves. Seeds subreniform ; testa black,
pitted.
Yellow-dowered Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. I to 1 foot.
38 L. creta'cea (Fisch. exsic, in herb. D. C. Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 791. Chav. antirrh. p. 122.) glabrous ; leaves ovate,
acutish, glaucescent : lower ones 3 in a whorl : superior ones
opposite and alternate ; flowers spicately racemose, few ; caly-
cine segments linear-lanceolate, acute, very short. 0. H.
Native in cretaceous places at the river Don. Branches branched
at top. Leaves crowded, 4-6 lines long : upper ones smaller.
SCROPHULARINEiE. VII. Linaria.
523
Racemes short. Flowers on short pedicels. Corolla yellow,
with a short, sub-incurved spur ; palate deep yellow. Capsule
unknown.
Cretaceous Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. h
to 5 foot.
3S) L. tiiymifo'lia (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 587. Lois. fl. gall. ed.
2d. vol. 2. p. 792. t. 10. Chav. antirrh. p. 122.) glaucous,
glabrous, procumbent, or ascending ; lower leaves ovate, obtuse,
3 in a whorl : superior ones oblong, usually opposite ; flowers
few at the tops of the branches ; calycine segments oblong-
ovate, obtuse, shorter than the capsule. ©. H. Native of tlie
south-west of France, on the sea-shore about Burdigala, and
near Bayonne. Ant. tliymifolium, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 67. Willd.
-spec. y. p. 243. Ant. glaucum, Thore, clor. land. 265. but not
of Lin. nor Lapeyr. liranches usually decumbent. Leaves
y-5 lines long : upper ones smaller. Flowers on short pedicels.
Corolla like those of L. supinum, yellow ; spur a little arched,
about the length of the corolla ; palate orange-coloured. Cap-
sule dehiscing by 6 deep valves at apex. Seeds discoid.
Thyme-leaved ToaA-Y\:yyi. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1818. PI.
procumbent.
* * * Leaves all alternate.
40 L. Lusita'nica (Hoff'm. et Link, fl. port. p. 247. t. 43.
Chav. antirrh. p. 123. but not of Mill.) branches procumbent,
glabrous ; leaves crowded, obovate, or oblong : upper ones the
larger ; flowers disposed in dense racemes ; calycine segments
oblong, obtuse, pubescent. !(;. H. Native of Portugal, in
sand by the sea side near Comporto, and at the mouth of the
river Mondego. Ant. Lusiianicum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 361. Brot.
fl. lus. 1. p. 193. Linaria Lusitanica maritima polygalae folio,
Tourn. inst. p. 169. Root fibrous, yellowish. Leaves glabrous,
glaucescent : lower ones 3-5 lines long. Corolla large, yellow ;
tube and spur marked with red lines ; spur about equal in
length to the corolla, straightish, acute. Capsule opening by 6
small valves. Seeds discoid.
Por^wg-rtZ Toad-Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819, PI. proc.
41 L. MiCHAu'xii (Chav. antirrh. p. 124. t. 7. f. B.) glau-
cous ; branches ascending, branched ; leaves broad-obovate,
mucronate ; flowers disposed in spicate racemes ; calycine seg-
ments oblong, ovate, acutish. %. H. Native of Persia, near
Ispahan. Plant quite glabrous. Branches furnished with a
few sterile, filiform branchlets, which are sometimes reduced to
spines. Leaves as if they were truncate at top, 5-7 lines long.
Corolla large, purple ; the spur hardly longer than it, and
incurved at top ; palate bearded. Capsule unknown.
Michauxs Toad-Flax. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
42 L. FASTiGiATA (Cliav. antirrh. p. 125. t. 7. f. A.) glau-
cous, glabrous, erect ; branches fastigiate ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, or oblong, adpressed to the stem at the base, mucronulate
at apex ; flowers disposed in dense spicate racemes, which taper
to the top ; calycine segments oblong-lanceolate, acute. 1/ . H.
Native of the Levant, Armenia, in cultivated fields near Bagdad
and Kermancha, Oliv. Linaria orientalis latissimo folio, floribus
linariae vulgaris, Tourn. cor. inst. p. 9.? Leaves 1| to 2
inches long, 5-nerved, somewhat stem-clasping at the base.
Corolla yellow ; spur shorter than the corolla, a little arched.
/as/(ffia/e-branched Toad-Flax. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
43 L. pyramida'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 796. Chav. antirrh.
p. 125, exclusive of the syn. of Lin.) erect ; leaves oblong-
ianceolate, attenuated at both ends, quite glabrous ; flowers
in spicate, pyramidal racemes ; calycine segments ovate-oblong,
obtuse, downy, much shorter than the tube of the corolla. %.
H. Native of the Levant. Ant. pyramidale. Lam. diet. 4. p.
360. Linaria orientalis lilii persici foliis, florum spica densissima
et pyramidata, Tourn. corol. inst. p. 9. Leaves 3-5 inches
long, usually 5-nerved, a little stem-clasping at the base, mu-
cronulate at apex. Corolla large, yellow ; spur straight, acute,
about equal in length to the corolla ; palate densely bearded.
Pijramtdal-%\n\<.ed Toad-Flax. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
44 L. GRANDiFLORA (Desf. cor. inst. Tourn. p. 30. t. 21.
Chav. antirrh. p. 126.) erect, glaucescent, glabrous; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute, half stem-claspiiig ; bractcas deflexed,
longer than the pedicels ; flowers approximate ; calycine seg-
ments oblong-lanceolate, acute, quite glabrous. Q. H. Native
of Armenia, in uncultivated fields very frequent. L. Dalma-
tica, Rchb. pi. crit. 5. t. 438. f. 629. Ant. Dalmaticum, Lam.
diet. 4. p. 360. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. and others.—
Buxb. cent. 1. p. 15. t. 24. Linaria orientalis flore luteo max-
imo, Tourn. cor. inst. p. 9. Leaves approximate, 5-nerved,
attenuated at both ends. Corolla large, yellow ; spur a little
shorter than the corolla, straight ; palate deep yellow, villous.
Capsule not seen.
Great-Jtowered Toad-Flax. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
45 L. Dalma'iica (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 13. Chav. antirrh.
p. 127.) glaucous, glabrous, branched; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, approximate ; flowers few, and loose at the summits
of the branches; segments of calyx oblong-lanceolate, or linear-
lanceolate, acute, glabrous. 11. H. Native of Candia, Arme-
nia, and Dalmatia. Baumg. trans. 2. p. 205. Ant. Dalmaticum,
Lin. spec. p. 857. exclusive of the syn. of J. Bauh. Pall. itin.
p. 590. Linaria latifolia, Dalmatica magno flore, C. Bauh. pin.
p. 212. Tourn. inst. p. 169. Branches erect, or decumbent,
densely clothed with leaves. Leaves 1-3 inches long, 3-5-
nerved : upper ones 3-nerved. Flowers disposed in loose few-
flowered racemes. Corolla yellow ; spur straight, much shorter
than the corolla ; palate large, villous.
Dalmatian Toad-Flax. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
46 L. genist.efo'lia (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 14. Chav. an-
tirrh. p. 128.) glaucous, glabrous, erect; leaves lanceolate,
acute, 3-5-nerved ; flowers paniculately racemose ; rachis flex-
uous, twiggy ; segments of the calyx oblong-lanceolate, acute.
1/. H. Native of Austria, Hungary, Tauria, Caucasus, and
Altaia ; and about Constantinople, in sandy, dry places. Rchb.
pi. crit. 5. t. 435. Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 443. Meyer, verz. p.
109. Ant. genistacfolium, Lin. spec. p. 858. Jacq. austr. 3. t.
244. Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 74. exclusive of the syn. of Hall.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 596. Pers. ench. 2. p. 158. but not
of Sut. nor Lapeyr. Linaria constantinopolitana lini sativi folio,
flore luteo, Tourn. cor. p. 9. Buxb. cent. 1. p. 16. t. 25.
Linaria flore pallido rictu aureo, Tourn. inst. p. 170. Linaria
Pannonica, Clus. hist. 1. p. 321. pann. p. 308. Root white,
rhizomatose. Stem branched ; branches panicled. Leaves
somewhat stem-clasping, an inch and more long. Flowers in
loose racemes. Corolla a little smaller than those of//, vulgaris,
pale yellow ; palate yellow ; spur straightish, equal in length to
the corolla. Capsule opening by 6 teeth at apex. Seeds pris-
matic, subtriquetrous ; testa brown, corrugately excavated.
Var. ft, jirucera (Chav. antirrh. p. 128.) leaves broader, 5-
nerved ; plant larger and firmer. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria,
on cretaceous rocks about Karassubassa. L. chlorsefolia, Rchb.
pi. crit. 5. t. 436. L. genista^folia, var. y, procera. Hook. bot.
mag. t. 2183. Ant. genista;folia, var. 7, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p.
74. Linaria flore pallido rictu aureo, elatior, Tourn. inst.
p. 170.
J'ar. y, silenifolia (Chav. antirrh. p. 128.) branchlets less
flexuous ; leaves more elongated ; flowers a little larger ; spur
shorter than the corolla. %.H. Native not far from Constan-
tinople. L. silenifolia, Fisch. hort. gorenk. p. 25. Rchb. pi.
crit. 5. t. 437.
Broom-leaved Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1704. B.
1819. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
3x2
524
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Linaria.
§ 2. Leaves narrow, linear, linear-lanceolate, or linear-oblong,
all alternate. Flowers racemose, or spicaiely racemose, rather
large.
* Seeds angular.
47 L. LiNiFOLiA (Rchb. pi. crit. 5. t. 422. f. 609. fl. germ,
sect. 2. p. 374. exclusive of the syn. of Rocliel. Cliav. antirrh.
p. 129.) erect, glabrous, a little branched; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, acute, somewhat 3-nerved ; racemes strict, rather loose ;
bracteas longer than the pedicels; calycine segments rather
ovate at the base, acuminated, short, y.. H. Native of the
Levant, and Italy, by the sea-side. Ant. linifolium, Lin. spec.
p. 858. exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. et Buxb. Lam. diet. 4.
p. 362, exclusive of the syn. Linaria orientalis, vulgari similis
folio longissimo, Tourn. inst. p. 9. Leaves 1 to 1^ inch long.
Corollas like those of L. genistcefdlia, but rather smaller, yel-
low, with a deeper coloured villous palate ; spur straight, equal-
ing the corolla in lengtli. Capsule opening by 6 small teeth.
Seeds subtriquetrous, scrobiculate.
Flax-leaved Toad-Flax. PI. 1 to U foot.
* * Seeds discoid, marginale.
48 L. Ita'lica (Trev. in nov. act. bonn. 13. p. 188. Chav.
antirrh. p. 150.) branched; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, 3-
nerved ; flowers crowded ; segments of calyx linear, acute, often
ciliated ; capsule nearly ovate. 1|. H. Native of Switzerland,
Italy, Piedmont, Tyrol, Hungary, on the alps. Rchb. pi. crit.
5. p. 13. t. 421. f. 608. L. genistaefolia, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.
591. exclusive of the synonymes. L. angustifolia, Rchb. fl.
germ. sect. 2. p. 375. exclusive of the syn. of Lang. L. pani-
cul^ta, Peyer et Vest, ex Rchb. 1. c. L. linifolia, Roch. pi.
ban. rar. p. 60. t. 22. f. 47. and of many other authors. Ant.
Bauhini, Gaud. fl. helv. 3. p. 154. Ant. polygalaefolium, Poir.
diet, suppl. 4. p. 21. but not of Link, under Linaria. Ant. ge-
nistifolium, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 440. exclusive of the syn. of Lin.
and Clus. All. pedem. no. 243. exclusive of many synonymes.
Sut. fl. helv. 2. p. 34. exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. Clienal,
act. helv. 8. p. 242. but not of Lin. nor Lapeyr. Ant. Linaria,
var. Lin. spec. p. 859. — Hall. hist. no. 337. Plant glaucescent.
Leaves an inch and more long. Corollas like those of L. vul-
garis, but not above half the size, deep yellow ; palate bearded
with white hairs ; spur hardly exceeding the corolla, a little
arched. Capsule opening by 6 small valves at apex. Seeds
muricated in tlie centre, and girded by a broad margin.
Var. ji, angustifolia (Chav. antirrh. p. 131.) leaves exactly
linear, very acute ; capside ovate-globose. 1/ . H. Native of
Piedmont, on the banks of the river La Stura, and near Su-
perga.
Italian Toad-Flax. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
49 L. vulga'ris (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 1.) simple or branch-
ed ; leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate, usually 1-nerved ; flow-
ers disposed in dense spicate racemes ; calycine segments almost
lanceolate, acute ; capsule almost cylindrical. If.. H. Native
throughout Europe, in sandy fields and in hedges ; also of Po-
dolia and Siberia ; in America, but probably introduced from
Europe. It is very plentiful in many parts of Britain. Mcench.
meth. p. 524. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 592. Chav. antirrh. p. 131.
Ant. genistifolium, Lapeyr, abr. p. 354.? Benth. cat. pyr. p.
69. with the leaves broader and erect, and the flowers smaller.
L. Gebleri, Besser, in herb. D. C. L. ciliata, Lang, in herb.
Gay, with ciliated corollas. Ant. commiine. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p.
340. Ant. Linaria, Lin. spec. p. 858. Bull. herb. t. 261.
Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 248. t. 53. f. 7. Lam. ill. t. 351. f. 3.
Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 18. t. 13. Smith, engl. bot. 10. t. 63.
Curt. lond. 1. t. 47. Oed. fl. dan. t. 982.— Hall. helv. no.
336.— Blackw. herb. t. 115.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 499. sect. 5. t.
12. f. 10.— Besl. hort. eyst. 1. t. 14. f. 3. Riv. mon. irr. t. 82.
Osiris, Pliny, nat. hist. 349. Osyris Linaria, Trag. hist. p.
357. 0(Tvpig, Diosc. 4. p. 138. Rhizoma creeping, tubercled.
Plant glaucous. Leaves about an inch long. Corolla pale yel-
low or citron-coloured ; palate copper-coloured ; spur curved,
about equal in length to the corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 6-8
teeth. Seed with tubercled centre and winged margin. In
Worcestershire the plant is called Butter-and-Eggs. Gerard
names it Wild-Flax, Toad-Flax, and Flax-weed. It abounds in
an acrid oil, that is almost empyreumatic. Given inwardly it
excites nausea. It is recommended in dropsical cases ; but
Haller and others do not much approve of it. The juice, mixed
with milk, is a poison to flies.
} ar. /3, glandtilosa (Chav. antirrh. p. 132.) downy, usually
procumbent ; calyxes glandidar. V^ . H. Native in woods
about Malmedy. Ant. glandulosum, Lejeune, fl. spa. p. 320.
Ant. Linaria, var. glandulosum, Lejeune, revue, p. 124. L.
prostrata, Boenn. in Rchb. 1. c. but not of Cyrill. under Antir-
rhinum.
Var. y, specibsa (Chav. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, rather
coriaceous, obsoletely 3-nerved, glaucescent beneath ; flowers
larger; capsule elliptic-oblong. If.. H. Native of Naples, in
corn-fields on the mountains. L. speciosa. Ten. fl. neap. 4. t.
159. f. 1. syll. p. 304.
Jar. c, acutiloba (Chav. 1. c.) leaves narrow-oblong, or ob-
long-lanceolate, usually 3- nerved ; calycine segments often acu-
minated ; corolla pale yellow ; palate deep orange-coloured ;
lobes sometimes acutish, sometimes obtuse ; capsule subcylin-
drical. %. H. Native of Dahuria; and in shady dry places
in the region of Altaia. L. acutiloba, Fisch. mss. Rchb. pi.
crit. 5. p. 14. t. 424. f. 611.
Var, t, Pelbria (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 280. Smith, engl. bot. 4.
t. 260. nov. diet. sc. nat. veg. t. 31.) corolla almost regular,
ending in 5 horns at the base.
Common Toad- Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
50 L. Bieberste'inii (Besser, enum. pi. pod. p. 25. Rchb.
pi. crit. 5. t. 434. f. 624. and 625.) branched ; leaves broad-
linear, or linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, mucronate ; flowers dis-
posed in a short crowded raceme ; segments of the calyx oblong-
linear, acutish, downy; capsule globose. %. H. Native of
the South of Podolia ; on the shores of the Black Sea, about
Odessa ; in Syria, about Damascus. Chav. antirrh. p. 134.
Ant. Linaria, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 75. exclusive of many syno-
nymes. Stetn furnished with fastigiate branches. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Corollas form of those of //. vulgaris, but a little
smaller, pale yellow, with a deeper coloured, bearded palate.
Capsule nearly globose, dehiscing by 6-8 valves at apex. Seeds
margined, black.
Bieherstein's Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1
to 3 feet.
51 L. hepa'tica (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 445. fl. ross.
alt. ill. t. 91. Chav. antirrh. p. 134.) branches spreading,
elongated, strict ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, glabrous, crowd-
ed ; flowers racemose ; calycine segments glabrous, obtuse,
about equal in length to the pedicels ; spur slender, straight,
about equal in length to the corolla. 1(.. H. Native of the
Kirghisean steppe, on the mountains at the river Kurtschum,
and on the mountains of Arkaid and Dolenkara. Plant gla-
brous, glaucous, rather procumbent at the base. Leaves some-
what 3-nerved. Flowers distant on the raceme. Calycine seg-
ments glabrous, rarely glandularly ciliated. Corollas rather
large, liver-coloured, or dirty purple, almost like those of
Lotus Jacohceus ; palate villous. Seeds black, discoid.
Z.(i'e>--coloured-flowered Toad-Fla.K. PI. 1 to Ij foot.
52 L. PR^'cox (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 446. fl. ross. alt.
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Linaria.
ill. t. 431. Chav. antinli. p. 135. but not of Link, fl. port.)
stem erect, strict, simple ; leaves scattered : lower ones short,
broader : superior ones linear, elongated, flesliy, glaucous ; seg-
ments of the glandular calyx oblong, obtuse ; spur straight, e.\-
ceeding the corolla, which is also glandular; racemes subspicate.
y.. H. Native of Altaia, at the river Irtysch, and between
Tscherenischanskoi and Krasnojarski, on dry mountains. Plant
glabrous, glaucous. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Racemes 12-15-
flowered, at length elongated. Calyeine segments somewhat 3-
nerved. Corolla violaceous, marked with deeper stripes ; throat
villous, white, furnished with 2 yellow confluent spots ; the
spur deeper violet. Seeds discoid.
Early Toad- Flax. Fl. April. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
53 L. ODORA (Fisch. cat. hort. gorenski, 1812. p. 25. Chav.
antirrh. p. 13G.) branched, erect or ascending; leaves linear-
subulate, semiterete, channelled ; flowers in loose racemes ; ca-
lyeine segments short, ovate or elliptic, obtuse; capsule globose.
11 . H. Native of Tauria, in the sand of the Ukraine ; in the
colony of Sarepta, Rchb. ; .Siberia, at the Oby, Demidow ; on
sandy hills between Schulbinsk and Oserski, at the river Irtysch,
Ledeb. ; in Calabria and Sicily rather frequent, Schouw. ? L.
Italica, Fisch. mss. ex Ledeb. L. Loeselii, Schweigg. Keen,
arch. 1. p. 228. Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 41'7. Spreng. syst. 2. p.
797. L. juncea, Rchb. pi. crit. 5. t. 425. f. G12— 613. but
not of D. C. nor Desf. L. maritima, Rchb. fl. germ. sect. 2.
p. 375. but not of D. C. Ant. subulatum, Cyrill. in herb.
Ant. odoratissimum, Giild. itin. 1. p. 111. Ant. odorum, Bieb.
fl. cauc. 2. p. 76. suppl. 414. Ant. junceura, Pall. itin. 2. p.
332. et 3. p, 541. and 682. but not of Lin. nor Lam. — Lois,
bor. p. 298. t. 39.— Buxb. cent. 4. p. 23. t. 37. Plant very
polymorph.ous, with a slender habit, glaucescent. Leaves 1 to
Ig inch long. Racemes few-flowered, loose, clothed with white
glandular hairs, and also the calyx. Corolla pale yellow, paint-
ed by 2 orange stripes beneath ; palate orange-coloured ; spur
straight, or a little incurved, sometimes equal in length to the
corolla, and sometimes shorter. Capsule large. Seeds discoid,
subreniform. Ledebour gives three varieties of this species.
Sweet-scented Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 to 1| foot.
54 L. MACROu^RA (Rchb. pi. crit. 5. p. 20. t. 432. f. 621,
622. Chav. antirrh. p. 137.) erect, branched or simple; leaves
linear, flat, glaucous, quite glabrous; those of the surculi crowd-
ed ; raceme dense ; segments of the calyx ovate-oblong, obtuse,
clothed with glandular down, or smoothish. % . H. Native of
Tauria and Caucasus, in dry places. Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 446.
Ant. macroiirum, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 75. Ant. linifolium, Pall,
ind. taur. Habl. taur. p. IGl. but not of Lin. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Flowers disposed in long, straight, dense racemes.
Calyx beset with glandular hairs. Corollas large, glabrous or
dovvnv, yellow, with a more intense coloured, villous palate;
spur straight, length of corolla, or a little longer. Capsule
opening by 6 valves at apex.
Var. fi, Besseriana (Chav. antirrh. p. 137.) simple; raceme
few-flowered; flowers larger; calyeine segments broader and
a little longer, rather downy, or sometimes quite glabrous ; spur
about equal in length to the corolla. %. H. Native of Bes-
sarabia, in fields between Elisabetgrad and Nicolaef; and in
fields about the Don, and beyond the Volga; South of Tauria.
L. Besseriana, Rchb. pi. crit. 5. t. 433. f. 623. L. macroura,
Bieb. pi. rar. ross. 1. t. 27. Ant. macroiirum, /3, Bieb. fl. cauc.
suppl. p. 413. Corollas deeper yellow, and sometimes even
purplish.
Jar. y, ramusa (Chav. antirrh. p. 137.) branches again
branched, thicker ; flowers smaller, loose ; calyeine segments
narrower; corolla golden yellow; spur long. 1(1. H. Native
of Altaia. L. macroura, /J, Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 446. F'lowers
disposed in a loose, elongated raceme.
Zcmg'-/a/7erf-racemed Toad- Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 182.'.
PI. 1 to 1| foot.
§ 3. Leaves narrow, alternate or verticUlate ; those of the surculi
broader, lanceolate or linear, verticUlate. Flowers disposed in
racemes, or spicate racemes. Corolla beyond 3 lines Img,
■with the spur. — Usually erect herbs, furnished with sterile
leafy surculi.
* Style forked at top; stigma 2-lobed (Chav. antirrh. t. 5. f.
10. b.) Seeds transverse, corrugated (Chav. 1. c. f. 28.)
55 L. APARiNoiDES (Chav. antirrh. p. 138.) strict; leaves
linear-subulate, usually alternate ; those of the surculi flat, and
4-5 in a whorl ; raceme villous ; pedicels longer than the brac-
teas ; segments of the calyx linear, acute. ©. H. Native of
Sicily, on arid sandy hills and fields ; and the Island of Cyprus.
L. reticulata, Rchb. pi. crit. 5. p. 19. t. 431. f 620. but not of
Desf. L. stricta, Guss. pi. rar. sic. p. 250. exclusive of the syn.
of Spreng. prod. fl. sic. p. 166. Tenore, syll. p. 304. but not
of Horn, nor Rchb. Ant. multicadle, Tenore, fl. nap. prod,
p. 36. but not of Lin. L. heterophylla, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 48.
t. 140. cat. par. 3. p. 108. exclusive of the syn. Ant. pinifblium,
but not of Willd. under Antirrhinum. Ant. strictum, Sibth. et
Smith, fl. grsec. t. 594. Ant. aparinoides, Willd. spec. 3. p.
247. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 25. Pers. ench. 2. p. 157. Linaria
Sicula multicaulls molluginis folio, Bocc. sic. t. 19. f. 1. Tourn.
inst. p. 171. Branches villous. Leaves 1-2 inches long, usu-
ally scattered : lower ones sometimes in whorls ; those on the
younger branches crowded, as if in fascicles. Racemes clothed
with white glandular hairs. Corollas size of those of L. vul-
garis, sulphur-coloured; palate copper-coloured, marked with
brown lines ; spur usually straight. Anthers ciliated. Capsule
dehiscing by 6 teeth at the apex.
rar. /3, humiiis (Chav. 1. c.) plant ascending, hardly half a
foot high ; sterile surculi villous. ©. H. L. stricta, var. p,
Guss. icon. fl. sic. t. 308.
Cleavers-like Toad- Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI.
1 to 3 feet.
56 L. reticula'ta (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 48. Chav. antirrh.
p. 140.) erect, glaucous; leaves linear, channelled : lower and
surculine ones verticillate : superior ones scattered ; raceme
short, downy, tapering upwards ; bracteas longer than the pedi-
cels ; segments of the calyx broadly linear. 0.? H. Native
of the North of Africa, on the sea shore ; in Portugal, on the
Douro, near Oporto, and especially about Faustua. HofFm. et
Link, fl. port. p. 251. exclusive of the synonyme of Brot.
Willd. enum. 2. p. 796. Ait. hort, kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 15.
but not of Rchb. Ant. reticulatum. Smith, icon. rar. t. 2.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 247. Pers. ench. 2. p. 157. exclusive of the
syn. of Brot. Ant. pinifolium, Poir. itin. 2. p. 193. Lam.
diet. 4. p. 362. Plant glabrous, except the floriferous part.
Leaves obtuse, an inch and more long ; those of the surculi
shorter and broader, 4-6 in a whorl. Flowers crowded. Co-
rolla reticulately veined, deep purple ; palate copper-coloured
or yellow, marked with dark purple lines ; spur shorter than
the corolla. Capsule and seeds as in the preceding.
Reticulated-^ovtereiSL Toad-Flax. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1788.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
57 L. VERSi'coLOR (Moench. meth. p. 523. D. C. fl. fr. 3.
p. 586. Chav. antirrh. p. 141.) downy at top; leaves flat,
broad-linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse : lower ones usually 3
in a whorl : superior ones alternate : those of the surculi oppo-
site, or 3 in a whorl ; flowers racemose ; segments of the calyx
linear-oblong, bluntish. ©. H. Native of the South of France.
Ant. bipunc'titum, Hort. but not of Lin. nor C.iv. Ant. versi-
color, Lin. syst. p. 466. Jacq. misc. 2. p. SH^. icon. rar. 1. p. 12.
t. 116. Racemes clothed with short glandular hairs. Leaves
526
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Linaria.
1 to l|^ inch long. Corolla size of those of L. vulgaris, pale
yellow, with a copper-coloured palate, which is often marked
with 2 brown spots ; spur violaceous or yellow, longer than the
corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 6 teeth at apex. Seed a little
curved, truncate at the base.
Party-colon >ed-i\ov,'ered Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1777. PI. 1 to U foot.
58 L. viscosA (Dum.Cours. bot. cult. ed. 1st. p. 93. Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 794. Chav. antirrh. p. 141.) downy; leaves linear,
usually alternate, distant ; those of the surculi linear-lanceolate or
linear-oblong, 4 in a whorl ; raceme short, crowded ; segments
of the calyx linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, vaguely ciliated,
©. H. Native of Spain, near Gades. Ant. viscosum, Lin.
amoen. 4. p. 319. spec. p. 855. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4.
p. 14. exclusive of the syn. of Bot. mag. Root yellowish, with
twisted, somewhat horizontal branches. Stem naked imder the
raceme. Leaves J to 1 inch, bluntish, quite glabrous : lower
ones fascicled, or somewhat verticiUate. Corolla yellowish-
brown ; upper lip large ; spur straight, hardly exceeding the
corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 6 teeth at apex. Seed black, a
little curved.
Clammy Toad-Flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1786. PI. 1 to li
foot.
59 L. Algarvia'na (Chav. antirrh. p. 142.) glabrous ;
branches almost leafless ; leaves of the surculi very numerous,
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3-4 in a whorl ; flowers on long
pedicels, drooping ; segments of the calyx nearly linear, acute.
©. ? 1^. ? H. Native of the Algarves. Root fusiform, fibrous,
brown. Branches decumbent or erect. Leaves of the branches
small. Flowers 2-4 together, at the ends of the branches. Co-
rollas size of those of i. alplna, pale yellowish brown, or pur-
plish, furnished with a long spur. Capsule dehiscing by 6 teeth
at apex. Seeds irregular ; testa variously twisted.
Algarves Toad-Flax. PI. j to | foot.
CO L. spa'rtea (Hoflfm. et Link, fl. port. p. '^22. t. 30.
Rchb. pi. crit. 9. t. 814. f. 1100. Chav. antirrh. p. 143.)
plant strict, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, erect, quite gla-
brous : lower ones often 3 in a whorl : superior ones alternate ;
those of the surculi flat, 3-4 in a whorl ; flowers on long pedi-
cels ; calycine segments linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous or downy. ©. ex Ait. $ . ex Willd. H. Native of
Spain, near Madrid and Aranjuez; Portugal, in sandy places
about Lisbon; South of France; Canary Islands; Morocco;
Tripoli, on the sea shore. L. juncea, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 43.
D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 729. Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 345. exclusive of
L.jxincemn, Lin. Rchb. pi. crit. 9. t. 813. f. 1099. L. pra'-
cox, Hoffm. et. Link, fl. port. p. 233. t. 37. exclusive of the
syn. of Lin., but not of Ledeb. Ant. junceum, Lam. diet. 4.
p. 352. Pers. ench. 2. p. 156. but not of Lin. Ant. sparteiim,
Lin. spec. p. 854. Cav. icon. 1. p. 19. t. 32. Viv. fl. libyc.
p. 33. Curt. bot. mag. t. 200. Linaria annua angustifolia,
flore majore luteo, Mor. hist. part. 2. p. 499. Tourn. inst. 1.
p. 171. Leaves 6-10 lines long. Racemes few-flowered,
glabrous, or clothed with short clammy down. Corolla very
variable, yellow ; palate deep orange ; spur straight. Capsule
dehiscing by 6 small valves. Seeds oblong, truncate, black.
Broom-like Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1772. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
61 L. ju'ncea (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 17. Chav.
antirrh. p. 144. but not of Desf. nor Rchb.) glabrous, much
branched, slender ; leaves linear-subulate, semiterete, usually
alternate ; those of the surculi linear-lanceolate, opposite or 3 in
a whorl ; flowers few, on long pedicels ; calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, short, acute. ©. H. Native of Spain and
Portugal, near Coimbra. L. nieonantha, Hoffm. et Link, fl.
port. 1. p. 236. Ant. virgulatum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 193. Ant.
jiinceum, Lin. amoen. 4, p. 277. but not of Lam. Leaves
sometimes 3-4 in a whorl, at the base of the branches. Corollas
much smaller than those of L. spdrtea, yellow ; palate orange-
coloured ; spur straight, hardly longer than the corolla. Cap-
sule dehiscing by 6 valves. Seeds truncate, a little curved,
black.
Rushy Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1780. PI. 1 to U
foot.
62 L. biparti'ta (Willd. enuno. 2. p. 640. Chav. antirrh.
p. 145.) glabrous; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, flat, alter-
nate or verticiUate : those of the surculi broader, and 3 in a
whorl ; flowers disposed in loose racemes ; segments of the
calyx almost lanceolate, acute, with membranous edges, ©.
H. Native of Morocco, about Mogodor ; Tangiers and Mau-
ritania. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 30. L. speciosa, Jacq. fil. eclog. 1.
p. 140. t. 95. but not of Tenore. Ant. speciosum, Donn. hort.
cant. 1804. p. 178. L. caerMea, Hort. Ant. orchidiflorum,
Hort. Ant. bipartitum, Vent. hort. eels. t. 82. Poir. suppl. 4.
p. 21. Root yellowish, branched. Leaves 1-3 inches long.
Corollas showy, of a violet-purple colour ; upper lip deeply
bipartite ; palate orange-coloured, whitish at the base ; spur
arched, hardly exceeding the corolla. Capsule opening by 6
teeth at apex. Seeds oblong, black, curved a little.
Bipartite-Mp^ed Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1815.
PI. 1 foot.
63 L. LiNOGRfsEA (HoffVn. et Link, fl. port. p. 240. t. 41.
exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. Chav. antirrh. p. 146.) downy
at top ; leaves linear, flat, glabrous, alternate or 3 in a whorl ;
those of the surculi lanceolate, short, 3-4 in a whorl ; flowers
loose, on long pedicels ; calycine segments linear, very acute,
downy. ©. H. Native of Portugal, in sandy places about
Coimbra. L. incarnata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 643. Ant. sapphiri-
num, l3, incarnatum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 158. Ant. incarnatum,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 364. Very nearly allied to L. bipnrlita, and
perhaps only a variety of it. Leaves smaller, and more distant.
Calyxes and bracteas much narrower : pedicels longer. Corolla
blue ; upper lip reddish ; palate orange-coloured ; spur arched,
length of corolla.
Grey-linum ToaA-T\ax.. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1
foot.
64 L. SAPPHiRiNA (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 241. t.
42. Chav. antirrh. p. 146.) leaves linear, flat, alternate; those
of the surculi sublanceolate, 3 in a whorl ; racemes very elon-
gated ; rachis downy ; segments of the calyx linear, acute,
downy. ©. H. Native of Portugal, near Coimbra, on Serra
d'Arabida. Ant. sapphirinum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 197. Linaria
piimila Lusitanica, floribus palato carentibus, Tourn. inst. p. 170.
Leaves glabrous. Racemes loose. Corolla smaller than that
of the preceding, deep blue ; tube nearly cylindrical ; lower lip
spreadingly deflexed ; palate orange-coloured, dotted ; spur
slender, long, arched. Capsule globose, dehiscing by 6 teeth
at apex. Seeds like those of the preceding.
Sapphire Toad-Flax. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
* * Style thickened at the apex ; stigma emarginate (Chav. an-
tirrh. t. 5. f. 10. a.) Seeds angular, somervhat prismatic.
65 L. Armeni'aca (Chav. antirrh. p. 147.) quite glabrous,
firm, much branched above the base ; leaves alternate, linear,
obtuse, thick ; flowers in loose racemes ; segments of the calyx
linear, acute. !(.? H. Native of Armenia, Tourn. Root
yellowish. Stem firm ; lower part naked and woody. Leaves
an inch long. Flowers distant. Corollas form of those of
L. Chalepensis, blue, with a long arched spur. Capsule a little
compressed, emarginated, and dehiscing by 6 teeth at apex.
Seeds large, subtriquetrous, a little curved, black, scrobicu-
late.
Armenian Toad-Flax. PI. 1 foot.
66 L. Chalepe'nsis (Mill, diet. ed. 8th. no, 12. D. C. fl.
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Linaria.
527
fr. 3. p. 539. Chav. antirrh. p. 148.) quite glabrous; leaves
linear, flat, acute : lower ones and those of the surculi verticil-
late : superior ones alternate ; flowers in loose racemes ; seg-
ments of the calyx linear, longer than the corolla. O- H. Na-
tive of the South of France, about Montpelier ; Cevennes, near
Florae; South of Italy ; Sicily; Corsica; Dalmatia ; in Syria,
near Aleppo ; Islands of Scio, and Cyprus ; and the Peloponne-
sus. Tenor, syll. p. 303. Ant. album. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 3i5.
L. alba, Moench. meth. p. 521. Ant. Clialepense, Lin. spec.
p. 859. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 592. Ant. osyris, Cyr.
pi. rar. 2. p. 22. t. 9. but not of Fisch. Linaria annua angus-
tifolia, flosculis albis longius caudatis, Triumph, obs. 87. t, 87.
f. 2. Tourn. inst. p. 171. Osyris alba, Lob. icon. t. 408. —
Mor. hist. 2. p. 502. sect. 5. t. 35. f. 9. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 80.
f. 2. Root white. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Flowers on
short pedicels. Corolla small, white ; spur slender, arched,
longer than the corolla ; palate yellowish, sometimes marked by
a few violet lines. Capsule dehiscing by 6 deep teeth. Seeds
subtriquetrous, truncate at apex, narrowed at the base, scrobi-
culate.
Aleppo Toad-Flax. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1680. PI. 1 to
1 J foot.
67 L. Canade'nsis (Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 1st. vol. 2. p.
96. Chav. antirrh. p. 149. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3474.) leaves
linear, remote, glabrous, usually alternate ; those of the surculi
broader, opposite, or 3 in a whorl ; raceme loose, slender, atte-
nuated upwards ; pedicels longer than the bracteas ; calycine
segments acute, downy. 0. H. Native of North America,
from Canada to Florida ; and South America, in Brazil, Peru,
and Chili, &c. Ant. Canadense, Lin. spec. p. 861. Vent. eels,
t. 49. Ant. pauciflorum, Poepp. in herb. D. C. with whitish
flowers. — Gron. virg. p. 94. Plant with a slender habit.
Leaves i to 1 inch, acute. Flowers distant, nutant. Pedicels
downy. Corolla pale violet ; lower lip deflexed ; palate white,
rather depressed ; spur subulate, arched, acute, length of co-
rolla. Capsule nearly globose, dehiscing by 6-8 teeth. Seeds
prismatically tetragonal, furrowed, truncate at both ends, brown.
Canadian Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL 1
to H foot.
68 L. roRPu'REA (Mill. diet. ed. 8th. no. 5. Mcench. meth.
p. 522. Chav. antirrh. p. 150.) quite glabrous, branched, erect ;
leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate ; lower and surculine ones 4-9
in a whorl : superior ones 3 in a whorl, opposite or alternate ;
raceme elongated ; calycine segments linear, acute, spreading a
little. $ . or 11 . H. Native of the South of Europe ; at the
bottom of Mount Vesuvius ; Naples, in vineyards and on hills ;
South of Italy ; Sicily ; Greece ; Tunis, in fields ; Switzerland,
but probably migrated from gardens. L. purpurascens, Bernh.
mss. Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 573. Ant. purpureum, Lin.
spec. p. 853. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 249. t. 53. Curt. bot. mag.
t. 99. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 589.— Riv. mon. irr. 82.—
Mor. hist, sect, 5. t. 12. f. 10. — Barrel, icon. t. 1021. Linaria
purpiirea major odorata, Tourn. inst. p. 170. Root fibrous.
Stems purplish-green, usually spotted with purple above.
Leaves glaucescent, about an inch long. Flowers in loose
racemes ; pedicels 2-3 in a fascicle. Corolla purplish blue ;
upper lip short ; spur arched, length of corolla ; palate bearded
with white hairs along the edges ; tube striped with purple.
Capsule compressed, emarginate at top. Seeds subprismatic,
corrugated, black.
Purple-flowered Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1694.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
69 L. striVta (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 586. and 5. p. 407. Chav.
antirrh. p. 152.) quite glabrous ; branches erect or ascending,
branched ; leaves usually linear, verticillate or alternate ; those
of the surculi 4-5 in a whorl ; flowers racemose ; calycine seg-
ments linear-lanceolate or linear, acute. %. H. Native of
France, in waste fields ; Pyrenees ; Switzerland ; Piedmont ;
Dalmatia, &c. L. stricta, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 67.'). ex
Rchb. pi. crit. 5. t. 610. but not of Guss. with a yellowish
corolla. Ant. striatum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 343. diet. 4. p. .'^51.
exclusive of the syn. of Lin. Ant. repens, Lin. spec. p. 854.
Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 658. engl. bot. 1253. Ant. purpiireum,
Schkuhr, handb. t. 172. ex Rchb. but not of Lin. L. deciim-
bens, Mcench. meth. 523. Orontium supinum, Vilieni. phyt.
1. p. 408. Root rhizomatose, creeping, branched, tubercled,
fibrous, yellowish. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Racemes loose.
Corolla whitisli-grey, rarely yellowish, striated with violet ;
palate yellow, bearded ; spur bluntish, much shorter than the
corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 6 valves at apex. Valves gene-
rally bifid. Seeds oblong, truncate, a little curved, keeled,
tubercled, blackish.
Var. ft, Monspessulana (Chav. antirrh. p. 152.) leaves nar-
row, for the most part alternate, crowded, erect. %. H. Na-
tive of France, about Marseilles and Montpelier, in arid places.
L. ^lonspessulana. Mill. diet. no. 6. Dum. Cours. bot. cult,
ed. 1st. vol. 2. p. d5. Ant. repens, ft, Monspessulanum, Pers.
ench. 2. p. 166. exclusive of the syn. of Lam. — Dill. clth. p.
198. t. 163. f. 197. Linaria capillacco folio odora, Tourn. inst.
170. Corollas deeper coloured than the species, and the plant
much taller, and more erect.
Var. y, tristis (Chav. antirrh. p. 152.) leaves stiff', trique-
trous, acutely keeled on the back, and channelled in front ;
palate of corolla yellow ; and both lips dirty white, and lined
with violet, l^. H. Native of Mauritania, near Termignon
and Lans-le-Bourg.
Far. c, galioldes (Chav. antirrh. p. 152.) leaves 4-6 in a
whorl ; whorls sometimes distant and sometimes approximate.
%. H. Native of the Pyrenees, in low places. Sec. Ant. gali-
oides. Lam. diet. 4. p. 351. Plant simple, or branched at
top.
;S7((ate/-flovvered Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Oct. a. England, ft.
and y. ? PI. 1 to 3 feet.
70 L. CORIFOLIA (Desf. cor. inst. Tourn. p. 32. t. 22.
Chav. antirrh. 154.) quite glabrous ; leaves linear-subulate,
alternate ; those of the surculi subverticillate ; flowers race-
mose, on short pedicels; calycine segments linear, acute. 1{.
H. Native of Asia Minor. Linaria orientalis cori folio, flore
leucophoeo, Tourn. cor. inst. p. 9. Root fibrous, elongated.
Leaves 4-8 lines long. Corollas size o{ those of L. juirpiirea,
whitish-violet ; lobes of the upper lip narrow ; spur straight,
short, acute, slender. Capsule unknown.
Coris-leaved Toad-Flax. PI. 1 to 1 1 foot.
• * * Style thickened at tup ; stigma somewhat emarginate.
Seeds discoid, nith ciliated edges. (Chav. antirrh. t. 5.
f. 30.)
71 L. Pelisseria'na (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 589. Chav. antirrh.
p. 154.) glabrous, nearly simple; leaves linear, usually alter-
nate ; those of the surculi ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 in a whorl ;
flowers subcapitate, crowded ; calycine segments linear, very
acute. ©. H, Native of the South and middle of France;
Eastern Pyrenees; South of Italy, on dry hills; Sicily; Corsica,
and Sardinia; Candia: Greece; about Constantinople; .Syria, and
Peloponnesus. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 14. Guss. prod,
fl. sic. 1. p. 164. Ant. Pelisserianum, Lin. spec. 855. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. grffic. t. 591.— Cup. pamph. 1. t. 229. Rafin. t. 101.
f. 1. ex Guss. — Barrel, icon. 1162. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 25. f. 2.
Leaves beyond half an inch long. Corolla purplish-violet ;
palate white, with violet veins ; spur straight, long, acute.
Capsule emarginate at top, dehiscing by 6 teeth.
Var. ft, gracilis (Chav. antirrh. p. 155.) plant simple, very
slender ; flowers smaller, and pale blue. 0. H. Native about
Montpelier and the Southern provinces of France, not far from
528
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Likaria.
Hieres. L. Pelisseri^na, ft, D. C. et Guss. 1. c. Ant. gracile,
Pers. encli. 2. p. 156. Ant. Pelisserianum, Mont. Font, ex
Pers.
Pelisser's Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1640. PL 1
loot.
§ 4. Leaves quite glabrous, linear, linear-oblong, or nearly
lanceolate : lower ones verticillate : upper ones alternate.
Flowers small, usually subcajiitate at the tops of the branches.
Corolla hardly more than 3 lines long, with the spur. — Erect
herbs.
* Calyx glabrous. Seeds ovate or oblong.
72 L. MiNUTiFLORA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 109.) quite gla-
brous, glaucous ; leaves oblong, acutisli, verticillate or alter-
nate ; flowers subspicate ; calycine segments linear-oblong,
acutish ; corolla yellowish, small, hardly longer than the caly-
cine segments ; spur very short, conical, straight ; seeds oblong,
full of impressed dots. ©. H. Native of Caucasus, near
Baku.
Minute-Jlowered Toad-Flax. PI. 1 foot ?
73 L. al'bifrons (Sprcng. syst. 2. p. 793. Chav. antirrh.
p. 156.) glaucous; leaves nearly lanceolate : lower ones 3-4 in
a whorl : superior ones alternate ; flowers subcapitate ; calycine
segments linear-oblong, obtuse. ©. H. Native of Greece, in
the Island of Rhodes. Ant. albifrons, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t.
588. Leaves an inch long. Corolla white ? a little longer than the
calyx ; spur very short, curved. Capsule opening by 6 small
valves. Seeds obliquely ovoid; testa alveolate, blackish.
White-faced Toad-Flax. PI. i to 1 foot.
* * Calyx downy. Seeds discoid, marginate ; disc smooth.
74 L. micra'ntha (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 794. Chav. ant. p.
156.) glaucous ; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 in a whorl :
superior ones alternate ; flowers spicately racemose ; calycine
segments linear-subspatulatc, ciliated. ©. H. Native of Spain,
in cultivated fields of Real Retiro ; Sardinia, and Corsica ;
Algiers ; Island of Rhodes ; Levant ; Caucasus, near Baku, and
between Baku and Sallian. Ant. micranthum, Cav. icon. 1. p.
51. t. 69. f. 3. Willd. spec. 3. p. 246. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
graec. t. 587. L. parviflora, Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 44. t. 137.
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 793. Ant. parviflorum, Willd. spec. 3. p.
245. Pers. ench. 2. p. 156, but not of Jacq. Plant sometimes
furnished with surculi. Leaves somewhat 3-nerved, acute, an
inch long. Flowers small. Calyx clothed with glandular
down. Corolla pale blue ; palate white ; spur incurved. Cap-
side opening by 6 valves. Seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, sur-
rounded by a broad margin.
Small-Jlowered Toad-Flax. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 820. PI.
i to I foot.
75 L. arve'nsis (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 45. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 588.
Ch.av. antirrh. p. 157.) erect, branched or simple, downy at top ;
leaves linear, bluntish, glaucous: lower ones 4 in a whorl:
upper ones usually alternate ; flowers disposed in capitate
racemes ; bracteas deflexed ; calycine segments linear-oblong,
acutish, clothed with clammy down, as well as the pedicels.
©. H. Native of Europe, in sandy fields, particularly in the
south ; southern provinces of France, Sicily, Italy, Greece,
Peloponnesus, Levant, Barbary. L. carnosa, Mo^nch. meth. p.
523. Ant. arvense, Lin. spec. p. 855. ? Schkuhr, handb. f.
172. — Linaria arvensis, caerulca erecta, Bauh. pin. p. 213.
Tourn. inst. 170. Dill. elth. 199. t. 163. f. 198. Herb glau-
cescent, downy at top, and often furnished with surculi at the
base. Leaves glabrous, 6-12 lines long, reflexed, and revolute :
lower ones 4-6 in a whorl. Corolla small, blue ; spur curved,
slender ; palate smoothish.
J cir. fl, simjilex (Chav. antirrh. p. 157.) flowers subcapitate;
corolla yellow, sometimes elegantly striped with purple, a little
larger than the species ; spur usually straight. ©. H. Native
of the South of France, frequent; Lucania, Calabria, Spain,
Sardinia ; near Smyrna, and about Constantinople ; Caucasus,
about Baku ; Barbary. L. simplex, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 588. L.
arvensis, var. Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 45. Ant. simplex, Willd. spec.
3. p. 243. Tenore, fl. neap. 2. p. 50. but not of Link. Ant.
parviflorum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 499. but not of Desf. under
Linaria. Ant. arvense, Lin. spec. p. 855. var. (i, et y, Sibth.
et Smith, fl. graec. t. 590. var. fl. — Cupan. pamph. 2. t. 159.
Raf. t. 92. f 2.— Column, ecphr. p. 299 and 300. icone.— Clus.
hist. p. 321. icon.
Con; Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? fl. 1816. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
§ 5. Leaves narrow, linear, linear-lanceolate, or nearly lance-
olate, small: lower ones usually 4 in a whorl: superior ones
alternate. Flowers usually capilately racemose at the lops of the
branches, few ; bracteas usually deflexed. — Commonly procum-
bent and diffuse herbs, furnished with numerous slem-formed
branches.
* Seeds discoid, girded by broad, membranous margins ;
disk smooth.
76 L. margina'ta (Desf in act. soc. i>ar. 1. p. 2Q. t. 7. fl.
atl. 2. p. 43. Chav. antirrh. p. 159.) glabrous; leaves linear-
lanceolate, or linear, glaucous : lower ones verticillate, the rest
alternate ; bracteas deflexed ; segments of the calyx linear-
oblong, acutish, quite glabrous. 11 . H. Native on Mount
Atlas, in the fissures of rocks near Tlemsen. Ant. marginatum,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 355. Willd. spec. 3. p. 248. Branches decum-
bent. Lower leaves 4-6 in a whorl, 1 to 1 1 inch long. Flow-
ers on short pedicels. Corolla of a yellowish rust colour, stri-
ated, size of those of Z. vulgaris ; palate marked by 2 dark pur-
ple spots, bearded with white hairs on the lower margin ; spur
longer than the corolla, straight, acute. Seeds conve,\ on one
side, and concave on the other.
]\Iargined-see(\ed Toad-Flax. PI. decumbent.
77 L. TRisTis (Mill. diet. ed. 8th. no. 8. fig. 2. t. 166. Chav.
antirrh. p. 160.) glaucous, downy at top ; leaves linear, or linear-
oblong : lower ones 3-4 in a whorl : upper ones opposite, or
alternate ; flowers approximate, sometimes nearly opposite ;
bracteas deflexed ; calycine segments linear-subspatulate, obtuse,
downy. 1^. F. Native near Gibraltar. Ant. triste, Lin. syst.
465. Lam. diet. 4. p. 354. Curt. bot. mag. t. 74 Mart.
hist. pi. rar. dec. 35. f 2.— Dill. elth. 201. t. 264. f. 199.
Leaves glabrous, obtuse. Corolla size of those of L. vulgaris,
nearly the colour of those of Lotus jacobce'us, and all the shades
from that to yellow ; spur thick, striated, arched at the base,
about equal in length to the corolla ; palate brown at the base,
or yellow ; citron coloured at apex, bearded.
Far. fl. tenuifolia (Chav. antirrh. p. 160.) leaves very narrow ;
flowers crowded, a little sinaller ; corolla sometimes purplish.
11. H. Native along with the species. Ant. eerugineum, Gouan.
ill. p. 38. Linaria tenuifolia aeruginei coloris, Bauh. pin. p.
212. Tourn. inst. p. 170. Linaria Hispanica II., Clus. hist,
p. 320.
5'arf-flowered Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1722. PI.
decumbent.
78 L. supi^NA (Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 44. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 588.
Chav. antirrh. p. 160.) diffuse, procumbent, or ascending ;
leaves linear, obtuse : lower ones 4-5 in a whorl : superior ones
alternate ; calycine segments linear, or linear subspatulate, pu-
bescent. If. F. Native of the south and middle of France,
in sandy places ; Piedmont; Italy and Spain; Barbary. Ant.
simplex, Link, in Schrad. journ. 1799. vol. 2. p. 300. but not of
Willd. Ant. bipunctatum, Thuill. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 311, but not
of Lin. nor Cav. L. filiformis, Moench. meth. p. 523, but not
of Poir. under Ant. L. Thuilleri, Merat, fl. par. ed. 3d. vol.
SCROPHULARINEiE. VII. Linaria.
529
2. p. 192, Ant. supinum, Lin. spec. p. 85C. Sibtli. ct Smith,
fl. graec. t. 59j. Liiiaria puniila supina liitea, Bauli. pin. p.
213. Touni. inst. p. 170.— Tab. 827.— Lob. icon. 110.— Clus.
hist. 1. p. 321. icon. Plant pubescent. Leaves glaucous, green,
5-6 lines long. Corolla about tlie size of those of i. vulgaris,
yellow; palate often marked uith 2 brown lines or dots, bearded
with white hairs ; spur length of corolla, marked with blackish
green stripes ; middle lobe of the lower lip cut a little. Capsule
obovate-globose, a little depressed at top.
Var.fi, Pyrenaica (Dub. bot. gal. 1. p. 3'i5. Chav. antirrh.
p. 1(31.) lower leaves linear-lanceolate; tops of branches and
calyxes beset with glandular hairs ; flowers larger. 1(.. F. Na-
tive of the Pyrenees. L. Pyrenaica, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 587, and
5. p. 408. icon. rar. gall. 1. t. 11. HoHm. et Link, fl. port. p.
249. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 294, exclusive of the syn. of Forsk.
et Merat. Ant. Pyrenuicum, Ramond, pyr. ined. ex D. C.
Pers. ench. 2. p. 15G. Ant. versicolor, Lapeyr. ex Benth, cat.
pyr. p. 96, but not oi' Lin. Ant. glaiicum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 352,
but not of Lin. nor Thore. Ant. supinum, ft, et y, Lapeyr.
abr. p. 252. Ant. dilbium, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 437.
far. y, marUima (Dub. 1. c. Chav. 1. c.) leaves generally
verticillate ; calycine segments ovate-oblong, much shorter than
the capsule. %. F. Native of the west of France, and Lower
Britany. L. maritima, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 408. icon. rar. gall.
1. t. 12, but not of Rchb. Ant. maritimum, Poir. diet, suppj.
4. p. 23.
Var. S, glaucopJiiJlla (Chav. ]. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
glaucous : lower ones 4 in a whorl. %. F. Native of Portu-
gal, in the province of Traz dos Montes.
Trailing Toad-FhK. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1728. PI. dec.
79 L. ALpfNA (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 590. Willd. enum. p. 641.
Chav. antirrh. p. 163.) quite glabrous, glaucous, difflise ; leaves
linear, or linear-lanceolate, thickish, 4 in a whorl ; flowers dis-
posed in subcapitate racemes ;
FIG. 47.
segments of calyx linear, acute.
11. F. Native of Switzerland,
in gravelly places, and naked
parts of the Alps, even to the
limits of the snow ; Alps of
Jura; higher Pyrenees ; South
of Italy, on the higher moun-
tains of Abruzzo ; Austria ;
Transylvania. Ant. alpinura,
Lin. spec. p. 856. Jacq. austr.
1. t. 58. Curt. bot. mag. t.
207. — ^Manget. pharm. 2. p.
567. t. 15. — Tabern. 1208.
icone. Leaves thickish, 3-5
lines long, usually leaning to
one side, obtuse. Corolla fine
violet, or purplish blue, rarely
white ; palate of a deep cop-
per colour, seldom white ; spur equal in length to the corolla,
sometimes straight, and sometimes incurved, acute. Capsule
dehiscing by 6 valves.
I'ar. /3, erecta (Chav. antirrh. p. 163.) branches stem-formed,
erect ; leaves narrower, and more distant ; flowers generally
pale. 1^. H. Native of the Alps of Jura and Switzerland.
.4 /pne Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1570. PI. proc.
* * Seeds reni/orm, or angular ; tesia rvrinkled, or scrobiculate.
80 L. H^la'va (G. Don. in Loud. hort. brit. p. 249. Chav.
antirrh. p. 164.) plant diffuse, glaucescent, branched; leaves
linear, thickish : lower ones 3 in a whorl : superior ones altern-
ate ; flowers on short pedicels ; bracteas deflexed ; segments of
the calyx oblong, acutish, ciliated, widening at last. ©. H.
VOL. IV.
Native about Cairo, in deserts ; and near Alexandria. Ant.
Hsclava, Forsk. fl. ffigypt. p. 111. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 66. Root
yellowish. Plant glabrous. Flowers 2-4 together at the tops
of the branches. Bracteas often ciliated. Pedicels more or
less hairy. Corolla sulphur coloured, or bluish violet ; palate
copper coloured, or orange ; spur straight, acute, longer than
the corolla, and paler. Capsule dehiscing by 6 teeth at apex.
Seeds reniform, scrobiculate. The specific name is an alteration
of the Arabic name of the plant Halaoah.
//ce/ara Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. proe.
81 L. LAXiFLORA (Dcsf. fl. atl. 2. p. 45. t. 138. Chav.
antirrh. p. 165.) glabrous, decumbent, or ascending ; leaves
linear, glaucous : lower ones 4 in a whorl ; the rest alternate ;
flowers on long pedicels ; bracteas deflexed, much shorter than
the pedicels ; segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate. 0. H.
Native about Algiers, in corn-fields. Ant. laxiflorum, Willd.
spec. 3. p. 242. Viv. fl. libyc. p. 33. ? Branches decumbent
at the base, and furnished with surculi. Leaves | an inch long,
obtuse. Corollas size of those of L. alphia, pale blue, or
white ; upper lip elongated ; spur straight, nearly twice as long
as the corolla ; palate rather villous. Capsule dehiscing by 6
teeth at apex. Seeds angular, wrinkled.
Loose-Jlonwred Toad-Flax. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
* * * Seeds obliquely oval, attenuated at the lase, convex on
one side, and concave on the other, girded by a narrow margin ;
testa smooth, or tuberclcd. (Chav. antirrh. t. 5. f. 35.)
82 L. Candollei (Chav. antirrh. p. 165.) clothed with
clammy down, procumbent, or ascending ; leaves oblong-lance-
olate, or ovate-lanceolate, acutish : lower ones 3-4 in a whorl ;
the rest alternate and opposite ; flowers few, disposed in a sub-
capitate raceme : calycine segments ovate, acutish. ©. H.
Native of the West of France, on rocks by the sea-side. L.
saxatilis, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 590, and 5. p. 409. icon. rar. gall. p.
5. t. 13, but not of Lin. under Antirrhinum, nor of Link, in
Flore Porlugaise. Branches glabrous at the base, and almost
leafless, but downy and leafy at top. Leaves 2-3 lines long,
rather downy. Corolla yellow, with a short spur ; palate marked
by 2 dots; lobes of upper lip obtuse.
Z;e C'aWoWe'i Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1819. PI.
procumbent.
83 L. arena'ria (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 409. icon. rar. gall. 1. p.
5. t. 14. Chav. antirrh. p. 166.) clothed with clammy down,
much branched ; lower leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse :
upper ones usually alternate, linear-lanceolate, acute ; flowers
few, disposed in racemose spikes, the raceme at length elon-
gating ; calycine segments lanceolate-linear, acute, exceeding
the capsule. ©• H- Native of Britany, in sand by the sea-
side, &c. Ant. arenarium, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 26. Ant. pubes-
cens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 157, but not of Desf. cat. hort. par.
Ant. saxatile, Bonam, pann. prod. p. G9, but not of Lin. Ant.
viscosum, Aubry, prog. morb. an. 9. p. 49, but not of Lin.
Linaria maritima, minima, viscosa, foliis hirsutis ; floribus
luteis, Mor. hist. 1. p. 499. Tourn. inst. p. 171. Very like
the preceding species, but is much more branched, the leaves
narrower, the flowers smaller, the palate of the corolla without
dots, and in the whole habit. The plant is generally erect.
Corolla small, yellow ; spur short ; lobes of the upper lip
acute, pale coloured.
^a«rf Toad-Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. procum-
bent, or erect, J foot.
84 L. saxa'tilis (Hoff"m. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 238. t. 40.
Chav. antirrh. p. 167.) clothed with clammy down, procumbent;
lower leaves 4 in a whorl, almost lanceolate : upper ones alter-
nate, linear-lanceolate, acute ; flowers subcapitate ; calycine
segments narrow-lanceolate, hairy. % . H. Native of the
3 Y
530
SCROPHULARINEiE. VII. Linaria.
middle and west of Spain, in stony sandy places ; and of Por-
tugal, in the province of Traz dos Montes, and near Setuval.
L. gliitinosa, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 238. t. 39, exclu-
sive of all the synonymes. Ant. lagopodioides, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 279.? Pers. ench. 2. p. 158.? Ant. Tournefortii, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 21. Ant. saxatile, Lin. mant. 416, exclusive of the
syn. of Moris, anicen. 4. p. 277. spec p. 835. Pers. ench. 2.
p. 157, but not of Bonam. Linaria Hispanica tenuifolia villosa
et viscosa, Tourn. inst. p. 171. All parts of the plant clothed
with glandular hairs. Leaves thickish, 6-8 in a whorl, 6-S lines
long. Corolla yellow ; palate marked with 2 fulvous spots, or
lines, but sometimes without these spots or lines ; spur short,
arched, acute. Capsule deliiscing by 4-C valves. Seeds com-
pressed, blackish, tubercled.
Jar. /3, s(ricla_ (Chav. antirrh. p. 167.) branches erect, firm,
simple ; leaves strict, adpressed to the branches at the base, and
nearly all alternate; flowers smaller. ©• H. Native of the
province of Segovia.
Stone Toad-Flax. PI. procumbent.
* * * * Seeds discoid, orbicular, girded by a narrow margin ;
disk tubercled. (Chav. antirrh. t. 5. f. 37.)
85 L. Fontanesia'na (Chav. antirrh. p. 168.) plant ascend-
ing, or erect ; leaves linear, obtuse, glabrous : lower ones 3-4
in a whorl, the rest alternate ; flowers subcapitate ; bracteas
deflexed ; calycine segments ovate-oblong, acute, pilose. ©.
H. Native of Spain, in Valentia, in sandy places. L. gracilis,
Desf. herb, but not of Spreng. Branches many from the same
neck, pubescent at top ; branchlets erect. Corollas size of
those of L. suptna, deep yellow ; spur pale coloured, length of
corolla ; palate glabrous. Capsule dehiscing by 6 valves at
apex.
Desfontaines's Toad-Flax. PI. ascending, J to | foot.
86 L. POLYGONIFOLIA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 795. Chav. an-
tirrh. p. 169.) procumbent; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or oblong,
glabrous : lower ones 4 in a whorl : superior ones opposite and
alternate ; flowers disposed in capitate racemes, on short pedi-
cels ; calyx oblique, with lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, acute,
rather hispid segments. ©. H. Native of Gibraltar. Ant.
polygonifolium, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 26. Branches naked, and
downy under the racemes. Flowers few, on downy pedicels.
Corolla white, or pale sulphur coloured ; palate yellow ; spur
acute, straightish, about equal in length to the corolla. Capsule
dehiscing by 4-6 valves at apex.
Pohjgonum-leaved Toad-Flax. PI. procumbent.
87 L. Broussone'tii (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 23. Chav. antirrh.
p. 169.) procumbent or ascending ; leaves linear or linear-lan-
ceolate : lower ones 4 in a whorl : superior ones alternate and
opposite ; flowers 2-3, at the tops of the branches ; bracteas
pendulous, much longer than the pedicels ; segments of the
calyx linear-oblong, acute. ©. H. Native of Barbary ; and
Portugal about Lisbon. Branches clothed with short glandular
down at top ; furnished with sterile surculi at the base. Leaves
glabrous, 3-6 lines long : those on the floriferous branches the
broadest. Calyx glabrous, or slightly downy. Corolla size of
those of i. alplna. Capsule dehiscing by 6 valves.
Broussonnet's Toad-Flax. PI. procumbent.
88 L. PAUciFLORA (Bonpl. jard. malm, et nav. 1. p. 48. t.
18. Chav. antirrh. p. 170.) quite glabrous, glaucous; leaves
linear, acutish : lower ones 4 in a whorl : superior ones alter-
nate ; flowers terminal, few ; pedicels longer than the bracteas,
which are small ; segments of the calyx oval, with ciliated mar-
gins. ©.? H. Native country unknown; but probably of
Spain or Portugal. Corolla violaceous, size of those of L. vul-
garis; lobes of the upper lip narrow ; palate white, marked
with dark violet spots ; spur arched, 3 times longer than the
1
corolla. Bonpland says this species has some analogy with L.
laxijiora, Desf., but differs in the larger flowers ; but according
to Chavannes 1. c. it approaches nearest to L. amethystea.
Few-Jiowered Toad-Flax. PI.
89 L. amethy'stba (Hoflfm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 253. t. 47.
Chav. antirrh. p. 170.) plant ascending, downy at top; leaves
almost linear, glabrous : lower ones 4-5 in a whorl : superior
ones alternate ; calyx oblique, with oblong-ovate, acute seg-
ments; racemes few-flowered, rather loose. ©. H. Native of
Portugal and Spain, in corn-fields. Ant. bipunctatum, Cav.
icon. 1. p. 20. t. 33. f. 1. but not of Lin. nor hort. Ant. ele-
gans, Hort. reg. par. Pers. ench. 2. p. 156. Ant. subalpinum,
Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 196. Ant. amethysteum. Lam. diet. 4. p.
353. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 196. Willd. spec. 3. p. 197. Branches
clothed with short clammy hairs above. Leaves glaucescent, |
an inch long. Corolla violaceous, and nearly white ; palate
pale yellow, marked with blue dots ; spur purplish, straight,
acute, longer than the corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 4-6 valves
at apex.
Var. (i,Jlava (Chav. antirrh. p. 170.) corolla yellow ; palate
marked with dark purple spots. ©. H. Native of Portugal,
about Lisbon, near the valley of Alcantara. L. multipunc-
tata, Hoff'm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 254. t. 48. Ant. multi-
punctatuni, Brot, fl. lus. 1. p. 195.
Amethyst-^oviereA Toad- Flax. Fl. June, July. Ch. 1816.
PI. I to 1 foot.
90 L. glau'ca (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 796. Rchb. fl. germ,
sect. 2. p. 375. Chav. antirrh. p. 171.) plant glaucous, grey,
branched ; leaves thickish, obtuse : lower ones linear-oblong, 4
in a whorl, the rest subulate, and for the most part alternate ;
flowers few, capitellate ; calycine segments very short, linear-
lanceolate, acute, downy. ©. H. Native of Spain, Portugal,
and Italy, in fields. L. bipunct^ta, var. glauca, Hoflfm. et
Link, fl. port. 1. p. 255. Ant. glaucum, Lin. amcen. 4. p. 277.
spec. p. 856. exclusive of the syn. of Buxb. Lam. diet. 4. p.
354. exclusive of the synonymes. Willd. spec. 3. p. 248. ex-
clusive of the syn. but not of Lapeyr. nor Thore. Linaria foliis
carnosis cinereis, Bauh. pin. p. 213. Tourn. inst. p. 170. Plant
elegant, rather downy towards the top. Branches erect or
ascending. Leaves 4-6 lines long. Calyxes downy at the base,
a little ciliated. Corolla yellow ; palate sometimes bipunctate ;
spur length of corolla, a little arched, pale, striped with vio-
let. Capsule dehiscing by 6 valves.
Var. fi, bijmnciata (Chav. antirrh. p. 172.) corolla yellow;
the palate marked by 2 dark purple spots ; branches and branch-
lets downy. ©. H. Native of the Algarves, between Villa-
nova and Lagoa ; also of Spain, about Aranjuez and Madrid.
L. bipunctata, Dum. Cours. hot. cult. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 93.
Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 13. exclusive of the syn. of
Bauh. Ant. capitellatum. Lam. diet. 4. p. 358. Ant. glaii-
cum, Cav. icon. 1. p. 20. t. 33. f. 2. but not of Lin., nor Thore,
nor Lapeyr. Ant. bipunctatum, Lin. spec. p. 853. exclusive of
the syn. of Bauh., but not of Cav. nor hort.
Var. y, multicaulis (Chav. antirrh. p. 172.) much branched;
flowers a little smaller ; corolla pale yellow ; palate orange-
coloured ; spur purplish or violet. ©. H. Native along with
the species; near Mediola, Cambess. L. multicaulis. Mill. diet,
ed. 8th. no. 7. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 14. exclusive
of the syn. of Bocc. Spreng. syst. exclusive of the syn. of
Brot. et Poir. Ant. tricolor, Pourr. in herb. Desf Ant. mul-
ticaule, Lin. spec. p. 856. exclusive of the syn. of Bocc. Lam.
diet. 4. p. 357. VVilld. spec. 3. p. 247. exclusive of the syno-
nymes.
Glaucous Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800 ; /3. 1749 ;
y. 1728. PI. I to 1 foot.
91 L. diffu'sa (Hoftm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 257. t. 49.
SCROPHULARINE^. VII. Linaria.VIII. Anarriiinum.
531
Chav. antirrli. p. 173.) diflTusc, downy; leaves linear, flattish :
lower ones 3-4 in a whorl : superior ones scattered ; flowers
distant; segmenis of tlie calyx lanceolate, acute. ©. H. Na-
tive of Portugal, between Abrantcs and Punpete. Down clammy.
Leaves 6 lines long. Corolla small, blue ; palate orange-colour-
ed ; spur acute, incurved, longer than the corolla.
Diffuse Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
■]■ The affinity of the two following sjKcies is uncertain, the
capsnles being unknown.
92 L. Pe'rsica (Chav. antirrh. p. 175.) downy; stem erect,
branched ; leaves ovate-oblong, on short petioles : lower ones
opposite: superior ones alternate; flowers distant, nearly ses-
sile ; calycine segments large, oblong, obtuse, ciliated. ©. H.
Native of Persia. Stem branched from the base. Corollas
iorm oi \hose oi L. origanijolium, but larger, bluish, and stri-
ated with deeper lines ; palate dotted ; spur short, acute. Cap-
sule not seen.
Persian Toad-Flax. PI. | to 1 foot.
93 L. CiE'siA (D. C. mss. Chav. antirrh. p. 174.) plant
glaucous, grey, quite glabrous ; leaves linear, very narrow,
alternate : those of the surculi somewhat verticillate, crowded ;
flowers spicately racemose ; calycine segments short, lanceolate.
©. H. Native of Spain, near Cerro Negro; and on sterile
hills about Madrid. Ant. CEe'sium, Lag. exsic. in herb. D. C.
Pers. ench. 2. p. 157. Root brown. Branches ascending.
Surculi prostrate. Leaves 2-4 lines long, obtuse. Pedicels
shorter than the bracteas. Corolla size of those of L. vulgaris ;
palate much bearded. Capsule not seen.
Grey Toad-Flax. PI. 5 to 1 foot, ascending.
t Species hardly known.
94 L. hia'ns (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 794.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, 3 in a whorl, or scattered ; stem strict, glabrous at top ;
flowers racemose ; throat of corolla gaping ; spur very short.
It . H. Native of the South of Europe. Ant. linarioides,
Lin. spec. p. 853. L. racemosa, Steud. nom. Perhaps only a
variety of Z. vulgaris.
Gaping-Roviered Toad-flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
95 L. ocYMiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 793.) lower leaves 4 in
a whorl, ovate-oblong : superior ones linear-lanceolate ; stem
slender, humble, simple, villous, few-flowered ; spur very short.
©. H. Native of Spain. Ant. ocymifolium, Pourr. ex Spreng.
1. c.
Basil-leaved Toad-Flax. PI. ^ foot ?
96 L. te'nuis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 795.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
and scattered, linear, rather downy ; stem slender, simple, few-
flowered ; calyx hispid ; lower lip of corolla 2-lobed ; spur
elongated. ©. H. Native of the North of Africa, in the
Great Syrtus. Ant. tenue, Viv. fl. libyc. p. 33,
/S7eK(/er Toad-Flax. PI. i foot.
97 L. Cauca'sica (Mussin, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 790.) leaves
scattered, oblong, mucronately toothed, pilose ; peduncles axil-
lary, elongated, filiform; calyx green, acute; stem procumbent,
very pilose. 0. H. Native of Caucasus. Perhaps a variety
of Z. spuria.
Caucasian Toad-flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. pro-
cumbent.
98 L. PRo'cERA (D. C. liort. monsp. p. 121.) lower leaves
vertici'late : upper ones scattered, glabrous ; stem almost sim-
ple ; flo vers densely racemose ; spur exceeding the calyx. %.
H. Native country unknown. Probably a variety of L.
striata.
Tall Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 3 to 4 feet.
99 L. FiLiFOLiA (Lag. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 796.) leaves
verticillate and crowded, linear-filiform, fleshy ; flowers spicate ;
spur straight, tubulate, elongated. ©. H. Native of Spain,
about Madrid.
27irearf-?eai'crf Toad-Flax. PI. dwarf?
100 L. DiANTHiFOLiA (Hcnk. adumb. pi. hort. hal. ex Chav.
antirrh. p. 181.) Nothing is known of this plant but the name.
Pink-leaied Toad-Flax. PI. ?
101 L. POLYGONiiFOLiA (Hoflrn. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 248.
t. 44.) leaves subverticillatc and opposite, sessile, ovate, gla-
brous as well as the prostrate stem ; flowers subspicate ; caly.x
hispid. 0. H. Native of Portugal.
Polygonum-leavedTo^A-¥\A^. PI. prostrate.
102 L. rxipe'stris (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 110.) perennial,
glabrous, glaucesccnt ; stems slender, much branched, diffuse ;
leaves scattered, nearly linear, acutish ; racemes few-flowered,
loose ; calycine segments nearly linear, obtuse, sraoothish, much
shorter than the corolla ; spur subulate, almost erect, rather
shorter than the corolla ; seeds discoid, winged, very smooth.
1^. H. Native of Caucasus, on rocks at the falls of the Terek,
near Darial, at the altitude of 600 to 650 hexapods. Corolla
yellow.
Rock Toad-Flax. PI. diffuse.
Cult. All the species of this genus are elegant, and therefore
well fitted for decorating flower borders. They grow well in
common garden earth, but prefer a dry sandy soil. The seeds
of annual species require only to be sown in the open border,
where they are intended to remain. The perennial kinds are
readily propagated by division of the root, or by seeds. The L.
alplna, L. supina, L. tristis, and some others, are well fitted for
ornamenting rock-work, or to be grown on dry banks, or in pots,
and placed among other alpine plants ; these in winter require
to be sheltered from the frost, as well as all those marked frame
or greenhouse. A great part of the species are readily increased
by the surculi, which will strike root readily if planted in sand ;
and all are to be increased by seed.
Vlll. ANARRHTNUM (from ma, ana, without ; and pw,
rhin, a snout ; in reference to the corolla being without a spur,
or furnished with a very short one.) Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 51. D.
C. fl. fr. 3. p. 594. Chav. antirrh. p. 175. — Dodartia species.
Mill. diet. 1. — Antirrhinum species, Lin. gen. Linaria species,
Tourn. insl. p. 169.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx deeply 5-
cleft, cup-shaped at the base, contracted above the middle, in-
complete in aestivation ; lobes lying over each other at top.
Corolla tubular, bilabiate ; tube curved ; spur very short or
wanting ; throat open ; lobes of the upper lip erect, at length
reflexed ; lobes of the lower lip spreading, all more or less
emarginate, and nearly equal. Stamens 4, fertile, with a short
rudiment of a fifth; filaments equal. Anthers reniform, 1-
celled from the confluence of the cells, filled with white pollen.
Ovarium globose. Style thickened, and capitate at ape.x ;
stigma obtuse, conical, subemarginate, half inuiiersed in the top
of the style. Capsule chartaceous, compressedly spherical or
globose ; cells equal ; each cell dehiscing by an oblong unival-
vate pore under the apex ; the upper cell usually indehiscent.
Seeds oval, small ; testa granularly tubercled or muricated. —
Biennial or perennial plants, with a slender habit. Radical
leaves usually rosulate, rarely wanting ; cauline and rameal
leaves palmate-parted, or toothed at the apex : superior ones
quite entire. Flowers small, beautiful, drooping, disposed in
long spike-formed, twiggy, and interrupted racemes.
§ 1. Corolla sjntrred. Rameal leaves divided.
1 A. BELLiDiFOLiUM (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 51. Chav. antirrh.
p. 176. t. 10.) glabrous; radical leaves spatulate or obovate-
lanceolate, deeply toothed, rosulate : rameal ones deeply 3-7-
parted ; divisions linear ; racemes very slender, elongated. $ .
3 Y 3
532
SCHROPHULARINEiE. VIII. Anarrhinum. IX. Galvezia. X. Maurandya.
H. Native of France, among rubbisli, and in humid places ;
Pyrenees; Piedmont; Portugal; Switzerland; Germany; Syria,
near Damascus ; and Arabia, on Mount Kurma. Hoffm. et Link,
fl. port. 1. p. 226. t. 32. Linaria bellidifolia, Dum. Cours. bot.
cult. 3, p. 3. Antirrhinum, bellidifolium, Lin. spec. 860. mant.
417.— Hall. helv. no. 342. Dodartia, &c., Mill. diet. ed. 8th.
no. 2. — Dodon. pempt. 184. f. 1. — Dalech. hist. lugd. 115.
f. 2. — Bauh. prod. p. 106. icone. — Baiih. hist. 3. p. 459. f. 2.
— Chabr. sciagr. 481. f. 5. Root fusiform. Bracteas linear.
Corolla white or pale blue, variegated with violet ; spur slender,
acute, arched, very short. Testa of seed muricated.
Daisy-leaved Anarrhinum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1G29. PI.
1 to U foot.
2 A. Durimi'nium (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 199. Chav. antirrh.
177.) villous; radical leaves subspatulate, deeply toothed: ra-
meal ones usually tripartite ; middle lobe large, lanceolate, more
or less denticulated. $ . H. Native of the North of Portu-
gal, in humid places A. pubescens, Hort. ? A. hirsitum,
Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 224. t. 33. Linaria Lusitanica
bellidis folio ampliore et villoso, Tourn. inst. p. 169. Branches
ereclish, usually fastigiate. Radical leaves pubescent. Brac-
teas oblong-lanceolate, quite entire. Corollas a little larger than
those of the preceding, rather pilose, of a whitish sulphur
colour ; spur incurved, about equal in length to the tube. Testa
of seeds brown, wrinkled. Perhaps only a downy variety of
the preceding.
Douro Anarrhinum. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to
1| foot.
3 A. peda'tum (Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 51. t. 141. Chav. antirrh.
p. 178.) glabrous at bottom, villous above ; radical leaves ob-
long, deeply toothed, pilose, erectish ; rameal leaves deeply and
])almately 5-9-parted (pedate, Desf) glabrous : divisions broad-
linear, acute ; racemes short, tapering upwards. ^ . ? H. Na-
tive of Algiers, on arid hills. Flowers on short pedicels, some-
what horizontal. Bracteas linear-lanceolate, villous, ciliated.
Calyx hairy. Corolla hairy, white; spur short, slender, incurved.
Pedate-lesxved Anarrhinum. PI. I to 1| foot.
§ 2. Corolla without a spur. Rameal leaves quite entire or
toothed.
4 A. FRUTicosuM (Desf fl. atl. p. 52. t. 142. Chav. antirrh.
p. 179.) glabrous; stem short, suff'ruticose, branched; branches
elongated, twiggy ; lower leaves cuneiform or spatulate, for the
most part tridentate at apex : superior ones oblong or oblong-
linear, quite entire ; raceme elongated, interrupted. Ij . F.
Native of Mount Atlas, near Tlemsen, Mascar, and Cafsa.
Stem sometimes reduced to a short caudex. Racemes twigay.
Flowers small. Bracteas linear, acute. Corolla white, gla-
brous. Seeds scabrous from elevated dots.
Shrubby Anarrhinum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. Plants of the most easy culture ; except that, if the
winter prove severe, they require protection from frost. They
are all increased by seeds.
IX. GALVE^ZIA (named by Dombey, after D. Galvez, of
Lima.) Domb. mss. Juss. gen. p. 119. but not of Ruiz, et Pav.
— Dodartia species, Ruiz, et Pav. prod. fl. per. p. 56. Agassi-
zia, Chav. antirrh. p. 180. t. 11.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted ;
segments ovate-oblong, acute, with a quincuncial Eestivation.
Corolla tubular, bilabiate ; tube elongated, subcylindrical, ven-
tricose at the base ; lobes of the upper lip erect, ovate ; of the
lower lip spreading, ovate-roundisli, nearly equal. Stamens 4,
fertile, didynamous, without any rudiment of a fifth ; filaments
terete; anthers 2-celled, replete with yellow pollen. Ovarium
roundish ; style terete, thickened at top ; stigma emarginate,
somewhat 2-lobed. Capsule globose, ventricose, a little de-
pressed ; each cell opening by an irregular hole towards the
apex. Seed numerous, oblong, truncate, simall, fixed to a round
placenta ; testa ribbed lengthwise, engraven by small pits. —
Plant suff'ruticose. Leaves feather-nerved, petiolate, alternate
and opposite, quite entire. Flowers beautiful, axillary, on long
pedicels.
1 G. Lime'nsis (Domb. mss. ex Juss. gen. p. 119.) F? . G.
Native of Peru, near Lima. Agassizia Limensis, Chav. antirrh.
p. 180. t. 11. Plant much branched. Branches clothed
with glandular down. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, referrible in
form to those of Myrtus communis, 1 to Ij inch long, mucronate,
downy : lower ones usually opposite : upper ones alternate, and
more distant : those on the branches are nearly all opposite,
more approximate, and much smaller. Pedicels bent above the
middle. Corolla scarlet, 6-8 lines long, downy. Filaments fur-
nished with glandular hairs, especially at base and apex. An-
thers glabrous or downy.
Lima Galvezia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Cult. This is a very curious and rather pretty shrub. It
will grow well in light rich soil ; and may be propagated by
cuttings and seeds.
X. MAURA'NDYA (named in honour of Dr. Maurandy, the
botanical professor at Carthagena.) Ortega, nov. gen. hort.
matr. dec. 11. p. 21. Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 20. t. 288. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 291. Chav. antirrh. p. 77. —
listeria, Cav. icon. 2. p. 15. but not of Willd.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, with
a quincuncial aestivation. Corolla personate ; tube obscurely
tetragonal, saccate at the base, ventricose downwards ; lobes
roundish or ovate, emarginate or entire ; those of the upper lip
erect, and those of the lower lip spreading ; palate closing the
throat, or filled up by 2 plicae, which are drawn out nearly to
the base of the tube. Stamens 4, fertile, didynamous, with the
short rudiment of a fifth. Filaments of fertile stamens villous
at the base, and dilated ; anthers 2-celled ; cells oblong. Ova-
rium ovoid ; style subulate ; stigma obtuse, emarginate. Cap-
sule ovate-globose, oblique at the base, rather compressed, mem-
branous ; each cell dehiscing at top by 5 reflexed valves. Seeds
nearly ovate, truncate at apex ; testa black, furnished with
tubercles. — Climbing, evergreen, suffruticose herbs ; branches
slender, elongated. Leaves alternate, on long petioles ; peti-
oles twining; limb cordate, 5-7-nerved ; nerves palmate. Flow-
ers large, showy, solitary from the axils of the leaves, on long
twining pedicels.
§ 1 . Throat of corolla pervious.
1 M. Barclaya'na (Lindl.
bot. reg. t. 1108. Sweet, fl.
gard. icone. Chav. antirrh. p.
77.) leaves cordate, acumi-
nated : young ones somewhat
hastate ; calycine segments li-
near-lanceolate, very acute,
clothed with glandular hairs.
Ij . ^. G. Native of Mexico.
Branches and leaves glabrous.
Lower and middle leaves ob-
scurely 5-lobed ; lobes acumi-
nated. Corolla 1| to 2 inches
long ; tube downy, greenish,
curved ; lobes ovate, roundish,
emarginate, of a violet purple
colour. Filaments subclavate
at top, furnislied with short
glandular hairs. Capsule hid-
den by the calyx, (fig. 48.)
FIG. 48.
SCHROPHULARlNEiE. XI. Lophosiermum. XII. Nemesia.
538
Barcliiifs Maurandya. Fl. Year. CIt. 1825. Sh. climbing.
2 M. SEMPERFLORENS (Oft. iiov. gen. lioit. Hiailr. dec. 11. p.
21.) leaves for the most part cordate-hastate; calycine seg-
ments lanceolate-subulate, glabrous. t^ • ^- G. Native of
Mexico. Jacq. liort. schoenbr. 3. p. 20. t. 288. Curt. hot.
mag. 4G0. Chav. antirrh. p. 78. M. scandens, Pers. ench. 2.
p. 160. listeria scandens, Cav. icon. 2. p. 15. t. IIG, Andr.
bot. rep. t. 03. Plant quite glabrous. Margins of calycine
segments rather scarious. Corolla 1^ inch long, pale violet
or reddish, with eraarginate lobes ; tube variously furrowed ;
limb violaceous, or purplish-violet ; plicae white, occupying the
place of the palate. Filaments rather villous at the base. Cap-
sule about equal in length to the calyx.
Ever-jhrvering Maurandya. Fl. Year. Clt. 1796. Shrub
climbing.
§ 2. Palate prominent in the throat of the corolla.
3 M. ANTiRRiiiNiFLORA (VVilld. hort. berol. 2. t. 83. Chav.
antirrh. p. 78.) leaves for the most part triangularly hastate ;
calycine segments long, triangular, acute, quite glabrous. Pj .
^ G. Native of Mexico, among bushes between Salamanca
and the valley of St. Jago, at the altitude of 930 hexapods.
Sims, bot. mag. 1643. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
291. M. pcrsonata, Sesse, mss. Lag. elench. hort. matr.
1805. nov. gen. 19. listeria antirrhiniflora, Poir. suppl. 5. p.
105. Plant quite glabrous. The side lobes of leaves or auri-
cles acute, sometimes unidentate towards the petioles. Co-
rolla hardly an inch long, bluish, glabrous, with quite entire
lobes ; palate straw-coloured, furnished with short hairs, and
marked by brown lines. Capsule shorter than the calycine seg-
ments ; one of the cells often smaller than the other.
Snnpdragon-Jlowered Maurandya. Fl. Year. Clt. 1814.
Shrub climbing.
Cult. This, like the next genus, is composed of elegant,
climbing, evergreen, ever-flowering, herbaceous, or suff'ruticose
plants ; for which the species are very generally cultivated in
gardens. A light rich soil suits them best ; and they are rea-
dily increased by seeds, which generally ripen in abundance ; or
by young cuttings, which strike root readily under a hand-glass.
All the species do very well during summer, and flower freely
planted against a wall in the open air, or at the bottom of trellis-
work, to which they should be trained ; but in winter they re-
quire the protection of a greenhouse.
XI. LOPHOSPE'RMUM (from Xo^oc, lophos, a crest ; and
HTvtpfia, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the seed being furnished
with a crest-like wing, which is emarginate at both ends.) D.
Don, in. Lin. trans. 15. p. 349. Chav. antirrh. p. 75. t. 1.
Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 68. and 75. — Besleria species, Sesse et
Mocino, mss.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospcrmia. Calyx 5-parted ;
segments large, ovate-lanceolate, with a quincuncial Eestiva-
tion. Corolla bilabiate, tubular; tube campanulate, a little
curved, contracted above the base, elongated, gibbous for-
ward at the base, dilated at the throat, and furnished with
2 rows of interwoven yellow hairs ; upper lip almost erect ;
lower lip spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, with a short
rudiment of a fifth. Filaments of fertile stamens terete, glan-
dular at top, and clothed with glandular hairs and scales at the
base ; cells of anthers elliptic. Ovarium clothed with long,
capitate, white hairs. Style glabrous ; stima bilamellate. Cap-
sule globose, covered by the calyx, bursting irregularly under
the apex. Seeds very numerous, ovate-truncate, tubercled,
black, fixed to large placentas, girded by a membranous reticulate
margin, which is emarginate at both base and apex, referrible
in form to a crest. — Evergreen, perennial, herbaceous, or suffru-
ticose climbing plants. Stems flexnous ; branches alternate,
Leaves usually alternate, petiolate, lobcd. Flowers large, pendu-
lous, axillary, solitary, showy, on long, twisted, terete pedicels.
1 L. sca'ndens (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 349.) leaves
cordate, acuminated, deeply serrated, hairy, 5-nerved ; pedun-
cles bractless ; stem herbaceous. Ij . ,_^. G. Native of Mexico.
Besleria scandens, Sesse et Mocino, mss. Branches clothed u itli
soft viscid hairs. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 2-3 broad.
Flowers pendulous. Peduncles and calyx hairy. Corolla large,
showy, purplish-violet.
C/oKii'ng' Lophospermum. Clt. 183 1. Shrub climbing.
2 L. erube'scens (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 08.)
branches clothed with articulated, short, viscid hairs ; leaves
cordate, more or less distinctly 5-lobed, downy ; middle lobe
large : lobes mucronate, crenated or deeply serrated : pedicels
villous, bractless. I7 . ,^. G. Native of Mexico, about Jalapa.
L. scandens. Hook. bot. mag. 3037. and 3038. Sweet, fl. gard.
n. s. t. 68. Lindl. bot. reg. 1381. Chav. antirrh. p. 75. t. 1.
but not of D. Don. Leaves large, canescent. Calycine seg-
ments entire, and sometimes furnished with one or two teeth :
the 2 outer ones the largest. Corolla large, showy, rose-colour-
ed, beset with capitate hairs ; tube whitish beneath, marbled in
various ways inside ; lobes of limb generally subemarginate.
Capsule downy.
Reddish-dowexedi Lophospermum. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1830.
Shrub climbing.
3 L. atrosangui'neum (Zucc. abhandl. acad. wiss. 1 829,
1830. p. 305. t. 13.) leaves cordate, acuminated, coarsely and
dentately serrated ; calyx semiquinquefid, spreading ; corolla
tubular ; filaments simple. h . ^. G. Native of Mexico. L.
rhodochiton, D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 250. Rhodo-
chiton voliibile, Zucc. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1755. Plant clothed
with shining jointed hairs. Young branches purple. Leaves
5-nerved, slimy to the touch, purple beneath, about 3 inches
long, and nearly the same in breadth ; petioles purple. Flowers
pendulous. Peduncles frequently twisted, finally becoming
glabrous and sliining, as well as the calyx. Calyx spreading,
pale purple, deciduous to the middle. Corolla funnel-shaped,
of a dark purple colour, clothed with white glandular hairs ;
throat cylindrical, hardly ventricose ; lobes of limb oval, con-
nivent, obtuse : the lower one the longest. Capsule spherical.
Red-coaled Lophospermum. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1832.
Shrub climbing.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Maurandya, above.
XII. NEME'SIA (a name applied by Dioscorides to a kind
of Antirrhinum.) Vent. malm. p. 41. t. 41. Pers. ench. 2.
p. 159. — Antirrhinum, species of Lin. and Thunb. — Linaria
species, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, An-
giospermia. Calyx 5-parted.
Corolla personate, furnished with
a spur at the base ; upper lip 4-
cleft : lower one emarginate ;
palate prominent. Stamens 4,
didynamous. Capsule compress-
ed, truncate, oblong, 2-celled, 2-
valved ; valves keeled. Seeds
numerous, linear, girded by a
membrane. — Annual or peren-
nial herbaceous plants ; with
opposite or verticiilate leaves,
and terminal racemes of flow-
ers. Corollas usually purple.
1 N. F/e'tens (Vent. malm.
1. c.) leaves opposite, lanceo-
FIG. 49.
534
SCHROPHULARINEiE. XII. Nemesia. XIH. Leucophyllum. XIV. Gratiola.
late, acute, denticulated : upper ones entire, glabrous ; flowers
in terminal bracteate racemes. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Antirrhinum fruticans, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 483.
Linaria fruticans, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 789. Corolla nearly white;
palate yellow, (fig. 49.)
Stinking 'Semesia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1798. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
2 N. linea'ris (Vent. 1. c. Pers. ench. 2. p. 159.) leaves
opposite, linear, quite entire ; flowers disposed in corymbose
racemes, i;. ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co-
rollas of a coppery red colour.
Linear-\ea\ed Nemesia. PI. 1 foot ?
:i N. ciiAM.EDRiFOLiA (Vent. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves opposite,
ovate, serrated, petiolate ; peduncles axillary, l-flowered. IJ. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Antirrliinum macrocarpum.
Ait. hort. kevv. 2. p. 335. Willd. spec. 3. p. 249. Ant. scabrum,
Tliunb. prod. p. 1051. fl. cap. 2. p. 483. Lin;\ria scabra, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 792. Corollas purple ? Stem tetragonal. Leaves
an inch long. Peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Germander-leaved Nemesia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 N. BicoRNE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 159.) leaves opposite, ovate-
oblong, serrated ; stem erect ; flowers racemose ; capsule 2-
horned, subdivaricate. C- . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Antirrhhium bicorne, Lin. aracEU. acad. G. afr. p. 17.
syst. 14. p. 559. Thunb. prod. p. 105. — Burm. afr. 211. t. 75.
f. 3. Leaves numerous. Stem erect.
Tn'o-/iO?wcc/-capsuled Nemesia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 N. barba'tum ; leaves opposite, ovate, serrated ; stem
erect, herbaceous; peduncles axillary, l-flowered; nectary di-
dymous ; corolla bearded. ©.? G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Antirrhinum barbatum, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 482.
prod. p. 105.
Bearded Nemesia. PI.
6 N. Thunbe'rgii ; leaves opposite, linear, glabrous ; branches
elongated ; racemes terminal. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Antirrhinum Capense, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 481. Linil-
ria Capensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 796.
Thunberg's Nemesia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 N. pa'tens ; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, lanceolate,
acute, nearly entire, glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary. 1/ .
G. ? Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Antirrhinum patens,
Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 482. Linaria patens, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 793.
Spreading Nemesia. PI. ?
8 N. dentaVa ; leaves sessile, linear, toothed, alternate ;
flowers racemose, on long peduncles, terminal ; spur obtuse ;
stem nearly simple. Q. G. Native of Monomotapo. Antirr-
hinum dentatum, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 22. Flowers pale purple.
Too^/itcZ-leaved Nemesia. PI. 1 to Ig foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dojmtrium, p. 53G.
XHL LEUCOPHY'LLUM (from Xsvkos, leukos, white ; and
ipvWot', phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the whiteness of the
leaves.) Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 95. t. 109. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 361.
Lin. syst. Didt/namia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, equal.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, exceeding the calyx ; limb bila-
biate ; upper lip 2 lobed : lower one trifid ; the middle seg-
ment the broadest ; palate convex ? spotted. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, inclosed ; cells of anthers divaricate. Stigma undi-
vided. Capsule 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. — A much branch-
ed shrub, densely clothed with white tomentum. Leaves alter-
nate, quite entire, or almost so. Flowers axillary, solitary,
violaceous.
1 L. ambi'guum (Humb. et. Bonpl. 1. c.) Ij . G. Native
of Mexico, near Actopan, at the altitude of 1050 hexapods.
Branches scattered, retroflexed. Leaves elliptic, obtuse, acutish
at the base, 6-11 lines long. Corolla violaceous ; palate spotted
with orange colour.
Ambiguous Leucophyllum. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Galvezia, p. 532.
Tribe HL
GRATIO'LE^ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with the
genus Gratiola in the characters given below.) D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. vol. 19. July, 1835. Calyx usually tubular, 5-cleft.
Corolla tubular, ventricose, sometimes personate ; limb 5-
lobed, bilabiate, or nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, in-
closed, sometimes 2 of which are sterile ; cells of anthers di-
verging, distinct at apex. Stigma usually bilamellate. Capsule
often membranous, rarely subunilocular. Dissepiment mem-
branous, formed by the inflexed margins of the valves ; pla-
centas spongy, at length free. Seeds with a somewhat crusta-
ceous testa. Albumen fleshy Embryo almost the length of
the seed. Herbs, rarely under-shrubs, natives of the temperate
parts of the globe ; or in marshy places within the tropics.
Leaves opposite or verticillate. Flowers axillary or terminal,
usually yellow or purple.
§ 1. Stamens 4, 2 of7vhtch are sterile.
XIV. GRATPOLA (from gratia, grace ; on account of the
supposed medicinal good qualities.) R. Br. prod. p. 435.
Lam. ill. 116. f. 1. Gratiola species of Lin. and other au-
thors.
LiN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
tubular, bilabiate ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower one trifid, equal.
Stamens 4, 2 of which bear anthers, and 2 or 3 are sterile.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule 4-valved ; dissepiment contrary,
separable but slowly from the inflexed edges of the valves. —
Glabrous herbs, with opposite leaves, and axillary, usually bi-
bracteate flowers.
* Species natives of Europe.
1 G. officina'lis (Lin. spec. 24.) glabrous ; leaves lanceo-
late, serrated, somewhat 3-nerved ; flowers pedunculate. T^.H.
Native of France, Switzerland, Denmark, &€., in humid places.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 363. Hayne, term. bot. t. 1. f. 47. Bull. t.
130.— Plenck. oflP. t. 15.— Sabb. hort. rora. 2. t. 87.— Mor.
hist. 2. p. 479. sect. 5. t. 8. f. 7.— Riv. mon. t. 157.— Blackw.
t. 411. Root creeping, articulated. Stem tetragonal above.
Leaves decussate, 3-5-nerved, sometimes entire. Corollas
whitish or pale yellow, striated with purple. Fertile filaments
bearded. Calyx often 7-cleft. Capsule ovate, acuminated. The
whole plant has a strong, bitter, nauseous taste, and is much
recommended by several eminent medical writers in cases of
dropsy. It is a powerful cathartic, but is said generally to
occasion vomiting. On account of its bitterness cattle reject it ;
insomuch that Haller assures us that there are meadows about
Yverdun entirely useless from the abundance of it.
O^craa/ Hedge-Hyssop. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1568. PI. 1
foot.
2 G. LiNiFOLiA (Vahl, enum, 1. p. 89.) glabrous; leaves
lanceolate-linear, quite entire ; flowers pedunculate. 1/ . H.
Native of Portugal. G. oflicinalis, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 15.
Hoffin. et Link, fl. port. p. 225. t. 31. Stems ascending,
branched a little. Leaves stem-clasping, acute, 3-nerved. Co-
rolla purplish-white.
Flax-leaved Hedge Hyssop. PI. i foot.
SCROPHULARINE^. XIV. Gratiola. XV. Beyrichia.
535
* * Species natives of America.
3 G. au'rea (Pursli, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 12.) glabrous;
leaves broad-linear, sessile, obscurely toothed, 3-nerved, dotted
above; peduncles hardly the length of the leaves. %. H.
Native of New England, New York, and Carolina, in marshy
places. Lodd. hot. cab. 1399. G. Caroliniensis, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 14. G. officinalis, Michx. fl. amer. 1. p. 6. Stem bisulcate,
terete, branched at the base. Leaves half stem-clasping. Caly-
cine segments glandular at top, equal. Corolla golden yellow,
downy.
GoWeH- flowered Hedge Hyssop. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
PI. prostrate.
4 G. PERnviA^NA (Vahl, enum. p. 89. Willd. enum. 1. p.
105.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat 5-nerved, ser-
rated ; flowers sessile. If. . G. Native of Peru, Chili, and
South of Brazil. Stemodia glabra, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 811.
— Feuill. per. 3. p. 23. t. 17. Very like G. officinalis, but the
leaves are shorter, the flowers smaller, and white. Capsule size
of a pepper berry.
Peruvian Hedge Hyssop. PI. 3 to I5 foot.
5 G. Florida^na (Nutt. in journ. acad. sc. phil. 7. p. 103.)
glabrous, erect ; leaves lanceolate, obsoletely denticulated,
acutish ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers rather large,
with eniarginate segments. ©. H. Native of Florida. Leaves
narrower than those of G. I'irginica, which it closely resembles,
but the flowers are much larger, of a pale yellow colour. The
calyx and bracteas are small.
Florida Hedge Hyssop. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
6 G. Virgi'nica (Lin. mant. 317. spec. p. 25.) glabrous;
leaves oval or lanceolate, attenuated at bottom, remotely-tooth-
ed, nerved ; peduncles very short. Tf.. H. Native from Penn-
sylvania to Carolina. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 12. G. acu-
minata, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 92, exclusive of the synonymes.
G. neglecta, Torr. cat. pi. new york, p. 89. Conobea borealis,
Spreng. new entd. 2. p. 205. Stem terete, rooting at the joints.
Calyx equal. Corolla yellowish white. Capsule acuminated,
longer than the calyx.
Virginian Hedge Hyssop. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. creep-
ing, J to 1 foot.
7 G. quadridenta'ta (Michx. fl. bor. 1. p. 6. Pursh, fl, 1.
p. 12.) pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, remotely few-tooth-
ed; peduncles length of leaves. l/.H. Native of Carolina, in
sandy fields. G. ram(>sa, Walt. fl. car. p. 61. G. Virginica,
Lam. ill. 1. p. 54. t. 16. f. 2. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 89. Habit of
G. officinalis, but all the parts are smaller. Stems terete. Flow-
ers bractless. Calyx unequal. Corolla with a yellowish tube,
streaked with purple ; limb white. Capside 3 times shorter than
the calyx.
Four-tootked-leaved Hedge Hyssop. Fl. May, Aug. PI.
procumbent.
8. G. MLosA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 95.) stem erect,
pilose ; leaves cordate-oblong, remotely denticulated, rather pi-
lose ; flowers nearly sessile. %. H. Native of Carolina and
Georgia, iu watery places. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 94. G. Peruvi-
ana, Walt. fl. car. p. 62. Stem terete. Leaves half stem-clasp-
ing. Calyx unequal. Corolla white, tinged with purple, villous
inside.
Pilose Hedge Hyssop. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 G. tetrago'na (Elliott, car. p. 15.) glabrous; stems pro-
cumbent, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, sparingly toothed ; seg-
ments of calyx nearly equal. If. H. Native of South Carolina,
in ditches. Flowers bractless. Corolla white, streaked. Cap-
sule length of calyx.
Tetragonal-stemmed Hedge Hyssop. PI. procumbent.
10 G. megaloca'rpa (Ell. car. 1. p. 13.) leaves lanceolate.
serrated, downy ; peduncles opposite, longer than the leaves ;
calycine segments linear, as long as the capsule, which is globose.
1/. H. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in ditches and
pools. G. acuminata, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 12, exclusive of the
synonymes. Flowers pale yellow. Capsule larger than those
of other species.
Large-capsided Hedge Hyssop. PL
11 G. srHiER0c.\'RPA (Elliot, car. p. 14.) glabrous; stem
procumbent, terete ; leaves obovate, attenuated at the base, ser-
rated ; capsule globose. %. H. Native of South Carolina.
Perhaps a species of A'e/sonia. Flowers nearly sessile. Sterile
filaments wanting.
Round-fruited Hedge Hyssop. PI. procumbent.
* * * Species natives of Nerv Holland.
12 G. LATiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 435.) leaves ovate, obtuse,
obsoletely crenated, and quite entire ; flowers sessile. % . G.
Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of Van
Diemen's Land. Corollas white. ?
Broad-leaved Hedge Hyssop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. 1 foot.
13 G. pube'scens (R. Br. prod. p. 435.) clothed with glandu-
lar pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, toothed ; flowers nearly ses-
sile. If. G. Native of New South Wales; south coast of New
Holland and Van Diemen's Land.
Duivmj Hedge Hyssop. PI.
14 G. PEDUNcuLA^TA (R. Br. I. c.) clothed with powdery
down ; leaves lanceolate, toothed above, the middle hardly
longer than the peduncles. %. G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson.
Peduncled Hedge Hyssop. PI. 1 foot.
Cull. The species of Gratiola are free growing plants, but
require a moist soil ; and they are readily increased by dividing
at the root. Those species, natives of New Holland and North
America, require protection in winter, by placing them in a
frame or green-house.
XV. BEYRI'CHIA (named after Charles Beyrich, who
brought many living plants from Brazil to the Continent of
Europe.) Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. 3. p. 21.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperrnia. Calyx deeply 5-
parted ; segments unequal, the hind one small ; the 2 lateral
ones larger than the one in front. Corolla tubular, bilabiate.
Stamens 4, the 2 posterior ones fertile, the 2 anterior sterile.
Style thickened at apex ; stigma cup-shaped, terminal. Capsule
2-celled, 2-valved, with a septicidal dehiscence ; placenta cen-
tral, at length free. Seeds numerous, scrobiculate. — Herbs
beset with articulated hairs, with almost opposite leaves ; tetra-
gonal stems. Flowers solitary, axillary, opposite, spicate ; calyx
tribracteate.
1 B. ocymoi'des (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnasa, 3. p. 21.)
downy ; leaves ovate, serrated from the middle to the top ;
rameal ones elliptic, smaller ; spike dense, leafy ; both lips
nearly equal, entire ; fertile filaments exserted. %. S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, in humid places.
Bazil-Uke Beyrichia. PI. li foot.
2 B. ajugoi'des (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 9.) flowers spicate ;
upper lip of corolla retuse : lower one tricrenate ; genitals
inclosed. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia.
Ajuga-like Beyrichia. PI. 1 foot. ?
3 B. ScuTELLARioiDEs (Benth, 1. c.) downy; leaves small,
petiolate ; flowers axillary ; upper lip of corolla bifid : lower
one trifid. ^.?S. Native along with the preceding.
Skull-cap-like Beyrichia. PI. 1 foot. ?
536 SCROPHULARINE^. XVI. Achetaria. XVII. Montira. XVIII. Dopatrium. XIX. MicRocARpa:A. XX. Peplidium.
4 B. viLLOsA (Benth, 1. c.) villous all over ; leaves nearly
sessile ; flowers axillary ; upper lip of corolla eniarginate,
lower one shortly trifid. 5/ . ? S. Native along with the pre-
ceding.
Villous Beyrichia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Montira below.
XVI. ACHETA'RIA (meaning unknow^n to us.) Cham, et
Schlecht, in Linnasa, 2. p. 5ti6.— Herpestis s])ecies, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Didynamin, Angiospermia. Calyx bibracteate,
5-cleft, the fifth segment large ; the rest linear and equal. Co-
rolla tubular, ringent ; upper lip entire, erect ; lower one longer,
and 3-lobed. Stamens 2, fertile in front, and inclosed, without
any rudiments of sterile ones. Style inclosed ; stigma droop-
ing, eraarginate. Capsule girded by the permanent calyx, 2-
celled, with a septicidal dehiscence ; valves bipartite ; placenta
occupying the whole dissepiment, permanent, at length free.
Seeds irregularly angular, scrobiculate. — Herb erect, hairy,
glandular, with the habit of Melissa Calamintha, \\hl\ opiios'ne
leaves. Stems obsoletely tetragonal. Flowers axillary, oppo-
site at tiie tops of the stems. Corolla pilose and glandular.
1 A. Sprenge^lii (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) i;.?S. Na-
tive of tropical Brazil, Sello. Herpestis erecta, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 801.
Sprengel's Achetaria. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Montira below.
XVII. MONXrRA (named by Aublet after M. de Monti, of
Cayenne.) Aubl. guian. 2. p. 6^7. t. 257. Juss. gen. p. 122.
ed. Usteri. p. 137.
Lin. svst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, spread-
ing. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb spreading, 5-cleft, equal.
Stamens 4, didynamous, all fertile ; anthers oblong. Ovarium
didymous. Stigma furrowed. Capsule didymous, 2-celled, 4-
valved, many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the inner angle of the
cells. — Herbs with tetragonal stems, opposite leaves, and termi-
nal 1-3-flowered peduncles.
1 M. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.) ©. S. Native of Guiana.
Stem quadrangular, marginate. Leaves oval-oblong, acute,
glaucous, sessile. Flowers 3 in the bifurcation of the branches,
and between the terminal leaves : lower one sessile : the other
pedicellate, and the third on a longer pedicel, all white.
Guiana Montira. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A plant of easy culture ; grows best in light rich
earth kept moist, and is readily increased by division.
XVIII. DOPATRIUM (meaning unknown to us.) Ha-
milt. mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 31.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia, Calyx short, membranous,
semiquinquefid. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube exserted ; limb
obliquely widened, 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate ; lower lip larger.
Stamens very short, the 2 upper fertile ; anthers cohering, 2-
celled ; cells parallel ; the 2 lower stamens small and sterile.
Stigma bilamellate, dilated. Capsule hardly furrowed, 4-valved ;
margins of valves flattish ; dissepiment at length free, with
adnate placentas. — Slender glabrous herbs, natives of bogs.
Leaves opposite ; radical and lower leaves few, obovate, quite
entire ; cauline ones minute, distant. Pedicels filiform, oppo-
site, or alternate from abortion, 1 -flowered. Corollas blue.
1 D. nudicau'le (Benth. in scroph. ind. p. 31.) humble,
much branched ; cauline leaves small, very acute ; capsule
oblong. Q. S. Native of the coast of Coromandel, in wet
places. Gratiola nudicaulis, Willd. act. berol. 4. p. 192. Gra-
tiola aphylla, Roth, nov. spec. p. 7. Gratiola cuneifolia, Roxb.
il. md. 1. p. 142.
Naked-stemmed Dopatrium. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
2 D. LOBELioiDEs (Bcuih. in scroph. ind. p. 31.) stem elon-
gated, a little branched ; cauline leaves small, obtuse ; capsule
globose; corollas about 4-5 times longer than the calyx. ©.
S. Native of Coromandel, growing in wet places during the
rainy season. Gratiola lobelioides, Retz. obs. 4. p. 7. Roxb.
fl. ind. 1. p. 143. Habit of Lobelia Dorlmdnna. Flowers on
longish pedicels, racemose at the tops of branches. Leaves
sessile.
Lobelia-like Dopatrium. PI. 5 to 3 foot.
3 D. ju'ncei'm (Hamilt. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 31.) stem
elongated, a little branched ; cauline leaves small, obtuse ; cap-
sule globose ; corollas hardly 3 times longer than the calyx.
0. S. Native of Coromandel, delighting in wet situations,
where it flowers during the rains. Gratiola jiincea, Roxb. cor.
2. p. 16. t. 129. Very like D. lobelioides ; but the flowers are
much smaller, and the pedicels shorter, the lower pedicels gene-
rally very short. Leaves stem-clasping : floral ones minute,
triangular. Corollas small, rose-coloured.
Rushy Dopatrium. PI. | to 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of the species of Dopatrium require to be
reared on a hot-bed in spring ; and the plants may be planted
out in the open ground in the month of May in a warm, shel-
tered situation, where they will flower and ripen their seeds.
XIX. MICROCARP^'A (f<u(-o£, micros; and /.apToc,
karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the smallness of the capsules.)
R. Br. prod. p. 435. Benth. in Lin. trans, p. 435. Hook, bot.
misc. 2. p. 101.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, eampanu-
late, 3-5-toothed. Corolla small : tube equal in length to the
calyx ; limb sub-bilabiate, 5-cleft ; segments all flat, and nearly
equal. Stamens 2, fertile ; filaments straight, entire ; anthers
approximate, 2-celled ; cells parallel ; vestiges of sterile or
lower stamens wanting. Stigma bilamellate, dilated. Capsule
2-valved ; valves entire, septiferous in the middle ; dissepiment
at length free ; placentas adnate. — Small, mossy, glabrous herbs,
with the habit of Limosella. Leaves opposite. Flowers pedi-
cellate, axillary, small, bractless.
1 M. MuscosA (R. Br. prod. p. 436.) creeping; leaves oblong,
entire; calyx 5-toothed ; teeth hairy inside. 0.?G. Native
of India and New Holland, within the tropic. Paederota mini-
ma. Keen, in Retz. obs. fasc. 5. p. 10. M. alternifolia, Blum,
bijdr. p. 744. Nearly allied to Hedyotis maritima, but that
plant has a valveless capsule, ex R. Br. 1. c.
3Iossy Microcarpaea. PI. small.
2 M. spatula'ta (Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 101. suppl. t. 4.)
creeping; leaves linear-spatulate ; calyx 3-toothed. I4. G.
Native of the Peninsula of India. Peplidium Capense, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 43. Limosella diandra, Lin. mant. p. 252.
Spatulate-\ea\ed Microcarpaea. PI. creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Montira and Dopa-
trium above.
XX. PEPLI'DIUM (from trcTrXoc, peplos, purslane ; and
iSta, idea, form; plants with the habit of Purslane.) Delile, fl.
segypt. p. 4. t. 4. f. 2. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 32. — Micro-
carpse'a, spec. Smith. — Pederota, spec. Keen. Oldenlandia and
Hedyotis, species Lin.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
toothed. Corolla small ; tube equalling the calyx in length ;
limb 5-cleft, hardly bilabiate ; segments all flat, nearly equal.
Stamens 2, fertile ; filaments gibbous at the base, somewhat
appendiculate, incurved ; anthers approximate, 2-celled ; cells
parallel. Vestiges of sterile stamens none. Stigma dilated.
SCROPHULARINEiE. XXI. Bonnaya.
537
simple. ? Capsule globose, bursting irregularly ; valves hardly
loosened ; dissepiment parallel.
1 P. HUMiFu" SUM (Delile, fl. egypt. p. 4. t. 4. f. 2. Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 3:2.) 2/. S. Native of India, and North of Africa.
Microcarpae'a cochlearifolia. Smith, in Rees' cycl. Hook. bot.
misc. 3. p. 95. suppl. t. 29. Paederota cochlearifolia, Kon. et
Rottl. Wall. cat. no. 3920. Hedyotis maritima, Lin. suppl. p.
119. Oldenlandia maritima. Roth, nov. spec. p. 97. Herb
creeping, glabrous, with the habit of Peplis. Leaves opposite,
obovate, quite entire. Flowers axillary, opposite, solitary, on
very short pedicels.
Trailing Peplidiuin. PL creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Monttra, p. 536.
XXI. BONNA'YA (named by Link after Bonnay, a Ger-
man botanist.) Link, et Otto, abbild. t. 2. p. 25. t. 11 . Benth.
scroph. ind. p. 33.
LiN. SYST. Diandria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted, nearly
equal. Corolla with an exserted tube, and a bilabiate, 5-parted
limb ; upper lip the shortest. Stamens 4, 2 superior ones fer-
tile, inclosed, the 2 sterile ones inserted at the base of the lower
lip ; anthers cohering. Stigma flattened, bilamellate. Capsule
globose, oblong, or usually linear, 2-valved ; valves entire,
membranous, with flat margins ; dissepiment parallel, placenti-
ferous, at length free. — Usually glabrous, rarely pilose, creeping,
slender, or erectish herbs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, or
toothed. Flowers axillary, opposite, or alternate from abortion,
usually pedicellate, the upper ones sometiines racemose.
§ 1 . SiLiQu6s« (from Siliqua, a long pod ; from the long
narrow capsules.) Capsules linear. Allied to the siliquose
species of randelUa.
* Caj)sule erectly spreading. Flowers racemose. The species
of this section are very variable, and are readily confounded
Tvith each other, ex Benth.
1 B. brachlVta (Link et Otto, abbild. 2. p. 25. t. 11.) erect,
much branched ; leaves oblong, sharply serrated ; flowers race-
mose ; capsule erectly spreading, twice as long as the calyx.
0. S. Native of the Indian Peninsula and Bengal; Manilla,
Lu9on, &c. Gratiola serr^ta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 140. Gra-
tiola oppositif^lia. Herb. Willd. no. 376. Gratiola grandiflora.
Herb. Willd. no. 383. Rueliia antipoda, Lin. part. — Rheed.
mal. 9. t. 59. Flowers racemose at the tops of the branches.
Corolla pink coloured.
Armed Bonnaya. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot.
2 B. re'pens (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 41. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 32.) stem creeping; leaves roundish-oblong, narrowed into
the petioles, sharply serrated ; flowers racemose ; capsule erectly
spreading, 2-3 times as long as the calyx. ©. S. Native of
Nipaul, Silhet, and the Moluccas, Src. Gratiola reptans, Roxb.
fl. ind. 1. p. 140. Gratiola ruellioides. Keen. Colsm. grat. p.
12. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 99. Bonnaya ruellioides, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 41. Gratiola ciliata, Colsm. grat. p. 14. ? Bonnaya cili-
^ta, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 41. Henckelia Roxburghiana, Link.
SchwsBgr. et Dietr. spec. 1. p. 572. Corolla large, of a pale
bluish colour. Capsule longer than in B. brachiata, usually
8-10 lines.
Creeping Bonnaya. PI. creeping.
3 B. VERONicaiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 41. Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 33.) stem creeping ; leaves oblong : lower ones petio-
late : superior ones serrated, thickish ; flowers racemose ; cap-
sule erectly spreading, 2-3 times longer than the calyx. ©.
H. Native of Hindostan, Nipaul, Silhet, Birman Empire.
Bonnaya rigida, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3859. B. procum-
bens, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3860. Gratiola veronicaefolia,
VOL. IV.
Retz. obs. 4. p. 8.? Roxb. cor. 2. p. 30. t. 154. Gratiola
marginata, Colsm. grat. p. 11.? Bonnaya marginata, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 4.? Gratiola grandiflora, Retz. obs. 41. p. 8. but
not of Roxb. Gratiola racemosa. Roth, nov. spec. p. 9. Bon-
naya Rothii, Link, Schwaegr. et Dietr. spec. pi. 1. p. 556. Co-
rolla reddish. Capsule 6-7 lines long. Stem tetragonal.
Speedwell-leaved Bonnaya. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1798.
PI. I foot.
4 B. verben.jjf6lia (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 42. Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 33.) stems erect or ascending ; leaves lanceolate, quite
entire or serrated ; flowers racemose ; capsules erectly spread-
ing, 2-3 tiiTies longer than the calyx. ©. S. Native of Hin-
dostan, Silhet, Birmann Empire ; and of China, Nelson. Titt-
mannia Colsinanni, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3952. Gratiola
verbenaefolia, Colsm. grat. p. 9. Gratiola racemosa, Roxb. fl.
ind. 1. p. 139. but not of Roth. Gratiola ciliata, Conimers. in
Colms. grat. p. 14.? Gratiola Roxburghiana, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 1. p. 123. Bonnaya Roxburghiana, Link, Schwagr. et
Dietr. spec. 1. p. 559. This species hardly differs from Fan-
delUa, unless in the stamens.
Vervain-leaved Bonnaya. PI. 5 foot.
5 B. pusi'lt.a (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3861. scroph. ind.
p. 33.) stem diffuse, much branched ; leaves ovate-oblong, ses-
sile, thickish, serrated ; flowers small, racemose ; capsules
erectish, linear, scarcely exceeding the calyx. ©. ? S. Native
of Singapore.
Small Bonnaya. PI. diffuse.
* * Capsules erectly spreading. Flowers axillary.
6 B. grandiflora (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 41. Benth. scroph.
ind. p. S3.) stem diffuse, subrepent ; leaves ovate or ovate-lan-
ceolate, sessile, serrated ; flowers axillary, opposite ; capsules
linear, erectly spreading, hardly twice as long as the calyx. ©.?
S. Native of the Indian Peninsula, in wet places. Bonnaya
Wightii, Benth, in Wall. cat. no. 3864. Gratiola grandiflora,
Roxb. cor. 2. p. 42. t. 179. fl. ind. ed. C.nr. 1. p. 137. but hardly
of Retz. Henckelia grandiflora. Link, Schwsegr. et Dietr. spec,
pi. 1. p. 573. Rueliia antipoda, Lin. spec. part. — Rumph. amb.
5. p. 460. t. 170. f. 2. Flowers light blue, very like those of
Vandellia pedunculata. The specific name is not very apt, other
species having equally large flowers.
Grcat-Jlowered Bonnaya. PI. creeping, \ foot.
7 B. peduncula'ris (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3865.) stems
elongated, slender ; leaves remote, oblong-lanceolate, nearly
quite entire ; flowers axillary, solitary, on long peduncles ; cap-
sules linear, spreading, hardly twice as long as the calyx. ©.
S. Native of Silhet, Wall. Nearly allied to Gratiola pulegii-
folia, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 98. but the flowers are very rarely op-
posite.
Peduncular-Rov/eieA Bonnaya. PI. creeping, 4 to 1 foot.
8 B. PULEGIIFOLIA ; leaves oblong, serrated ; peduncles axil-
lary, opposite, length of leaves ; capsule subulate. ©. S.
Native of the East Indies. Gratiola pulegiifolia, Vahl, enum.
1. p. 98. Stems filiform. Leaves sessile.
Pennyroyal- leaved Bonnaya. PI. creeping.
* * * Capsules rejlexed.
9 B. oppositif6lia (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 41.) erect; leaves
oblong or lanceolate, a little serrated ; peduncles opposite the
leaves; capsides linear, reflexed. ©. S. Native of Coroman-
del. Gratiola oppositifolia, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 30. t. 155. fl. ind.
ed. Car. 1. p. 139. and probably of Retz. obs. 4. p. 8. Henc-
kelia oppositifolia. Link, Schwaegr. et Dietr. spec, pi- I. p-
573. Flowers small, blue. Capsule linear, twice the length of
the calyx. Sterile filaments white.
Opposite-leaved Bonnaya. PI. 5 to i foot.
3 Z
538 SCROPHULARINE.E. XXI. Bonnaya. XXII. HyDRoiRiciiE. XXIII. Hemianthus. XXIV. Pterostigma.
10 B. TENUiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 42.) erect? leaves
linear, quite entire ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; capsule
linear, reflexed. Q. S, Native of Coromandel ; Birmann
Empire, at Tavoy ; Ceylon and China, in wet places. Gratiola
tenuifolia, Colsm. grat. p. 8. Corollas blue ?
Thin-leaved Bonnaya. PI. 5 to | foot.
§ 2. Brachyca'rp^ (from (ipaxvQ, bracliys, short; and (.ap-
TToc, karpos, a fruit.) Capsules ovate, exceeding the calyx a
very little. Plants with the habit of Lindernia.
11 B. hyssopioi'des (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3866. scroph.
ind. p. 34.) stem elongated, loose ; leaves oblong or lanceolate,
remote ; peduncles axillary, elongated, filiform ; corolla 3 or 4
times longer than the calyx. 0. S. Native of Hindostan,
Silhet, China, Tranquebar. Gratiola hyssopioides, Lin. mant.
p. 174. Koen. in Retz. obs. 4. p. 8. Roxb. cor. 2. p. 16. t.
128. fl. ind. ed. Car. 1. p. 142. iMorgania hyssopioides, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 803. Corollas pale blue. Sterile stamens bearded.
Habit of a species of Dopatrium.
Hyssop-leaved Bonnaya. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
12 B. PARViFLORA (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3867. scroph.
ind. p. 34.) humble, branched ; leaves oblong or lanceolate ;
flowers axillary or subracemose ; corolla twice the length of the
calyx. 0. S. Native of Hindostan, Silhet, and the Birmann
Empire. Gratiola parviflora, Roxb. corom. 3. p. 3. t. 203.
Flowers small, usually blue, but sometimes white. Sterile fila-
ments capitate at apex.
Small-jlomercd Bonnaya. PI. \ foot.
§ 3. Sph^roca'rpa (from (rcjxapa, sphaira, a sphere ; and
(.apTToe, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the capsules being
roundish ) Benth. scroph. ind. p. 34. Capsules roundish,
shorter than the caly.x. Similar to the species of Vandillia,
with roundish capsules.
13 B. rotundifolia (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 34.) diffuse ;
leaves sessile, broad-ovate, subcordate ; peduncles axillary ;
capsules roundish, shorter than the calyx. 0. S. Native of
the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, in moist places. Gratiola
rotundifolia, Lin. mant. p. 174. Roxb. fi. ind. ed. Car. 1.
p. 138. Gratiola debilis, Hayne, in Wall. cat. no. 3946. Mor-
gania rotundifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 803. — Rheed. mal. 9. p.
111. t. 57. Flowers white.
Round-leaved Bonnaya. PI. 3 foot.
14 B. brachyca'rpa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnjea, 2. p.
.568.) stem decumbent ; leaves oblong, bluntish, generallj' tri-
dentate on both sides, narrowed at the base ; peduncles shorter
than the leaves ; capsule about equal in length to the calyx.
0. S. Native of the East Indies. Glabrous. Habit of B.
grandiflbra.
Short-fruited Bonnaya. PI. decumbent.
15 B. mi'nima ; stem filiform, erect, simple; leaves oblong,
sessile, remote, serrulated, and are, as well as the calycine seg-
ments, ciliated ; capsule oblong, rather longer than the pedicels.
©. S. Native of the East Indies. Gratiola minima. Roth,
nov. spec. p. 8.
Least Bonnaya. PI. \ foot.
\ Species douhlful or hardly known.
16 B. puncta'ta ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, nerveless, dotted
beneath ; flowers sessile. 0. S. Native of Java. Gratiola
punctata, Colsm. grat. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 90. Stem erect,
creeping at the base, quite simple. Leaves sessile, half an inch
long. Flowers solitary, opposite. Capsule roundish, a little
compressed, length of calyx.
Dolled Bonnaya. PI. | to | foot.
17 B. Va'hlii ; leaves oval, sessile, serrated, with cartilagi-
nous edges, glabrous ; stem hispid ; peduncles axillary, oppo-
site. 0. S. Native of the East Indies, in springs. Gratiola
pusilla, Willd. spec. 1. p. 105. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 105, Stem
simple or branched. Peduncles twice as long as the leaves.
.Segments of the calyx linear, acute. Flowers small, blue.
Capsule globose.
J'ald's Bonnaya. PI. creeping.
18 B. iiispi'dula ; leaves oval, sessile, crenated, and are, as
well as the stem, pilose; peduncles axillary, opposite. 0. ? S.
Native of Java. Gratiola hispidula, Commers. in Vahl. enum.
1 . p. 94. Stem filiform, bifid at apex. Leaves a nail in length,
acute, 5-nerved beneath. Peduncles glabrous, longer than the
leaves. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate. Capsule globose,
almost the size of a coriander seed.
Hispid Bonnaya. PI. filiform.
19 B. ocYMiFOLiA ; leaves oblong, quite entire: lower ones
petiolate ; flowers racemose. 0. S. Native of the East In-
dies. Gratiola ocymifoiia, Vahl, enum. 1 . p. 96. Stem branch-
ed at bottom. Lower leaves petiolate : upper ones remote, ses-
sile. Capsule globose.
Ocymum-lcaved Bonnaya. PI. 5 to | foot.
Cult. The seeds of all the species should be reared on a hot-
bed ; and when the plants are of suflicient size, they should be
planted in separate pots, which should be either kept in a hot-
bed, or placed in the stove, in deep pans filled with water.
XXII. HYDRO'TRICHE (from icwp vcpos, hydor hydros,
water ; and dpil, rpixog, thrix irichos, a hair ; in reference to
the hair-like, submersed leaves, and habitation of the plant.)
Zucc. abhandl. acad. wiss. 1829, 1830. vol. I. p. 308.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, nearly
equal. Corolla regular, funnel-shaped ; limb 5-cleft. Stamens
2 ; anthers connected by hairs. Ovarium 2-celled ; placentas
one in each cell, adnate to the dissepiment, many-ovulate.
Stigma bilabiate, or bilamellate. Capsule unknown. — An aquatic
herb. Lower or submersed leaves verticillate, capillaceously
tnultifid, setosely serrated : superior ones opposite, lanceolate,
obtuse. Flowers disposed in few-flowered racemes. This
genus is distinguished from LimnopliUa in the absence of the
2 sterile stamens, or even the rudiments of them.
1 H. hottoni.efl6ra (Zucc. 1. c.) If,. S. Native of Mada-
gascar, in stagnant water.
Hotlonia-Jlon'ered Hydrotriche. PI. aquatic, 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Limnophila, p. 543. for culture and propagation.
XXIII. HEMIA'NTHUS (from f>i, hemi, half; and arOot,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the upper lip of corolla being
obsolete.) Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 42. journ. acad. nat. sc. phil.
1. p. 119. t. 6. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, 4-
toothed, cleft on the under side. Upper lip of corolla obsolete:
lower one 3-parted ; middle segment ligulate and truncate, much
longer, closely incurved. Stamens 2 ; filaments bifid ; lateral
clefts antheriferous. Style bifid. Capsule 2-valved, many-
seeded. Seeds ovate, even, and shining. — A small creeping
plant, growing in marshes. Leaves entire, opposite and verticil-
late. Flowers solitary, alternate, pedicellate, minute.
1 H. micranthemoTdes (Nutt. 1. c.) 1^. H. Native on
the borders of the Delaware.
Micranlhemum-like Hemianthus. PI. creeping.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see Herpestis, p. 544.
XXIV. PTEROSTI'GMA (from Trnpov, pteron, a wing ; and
oTiyfia, stigma ; in reference to the stigma being generally
girded by a wing.) Benth. scroph. ind. p. 20.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, or
deeply 5-cleft : upper segment the largest. Corolla bilabiate ;
SCROPHULARINE.E. XXIV. Pterostigma. XXV. Lindenbergia. XXVI. Stemodia.
539
upper lip emarginate : lower one 3-lobed. Stamens 4, the 2
superior ones fertile, and the 2 lower ones sterile, or, if fertile,
the anthers are only half; anthers of the fertile filaments 2-
celled : cells separate, stipifate. Style simple ; stigma a little
thickened, entire, usually girded by a membranous wing on all
sides. Capsule rostrate, bisulcate, 2-valved, with a loculicidal
dehiscence ; valves bifid ; dissepiment formed by the inflexed
margins of the valves, duplicate, at length free. Placentas ad-
nate to the dissepiment, or at length free. Seeds small,
naked, striated. — Hard villous herbs, usually blackish when
dried. Leaves opposite, wrinkled, crenulated. Flowers capi-
tate, racemose, scattered, or the lower only are axillary ; pe-
dicels short, usually bibracteate at apex. The odour of the
species is that of the Labiates, even in the dried state.
1 P. GRANDiFLoRUM (Benth. scropli. ind. p. 21.) leaves
ovate ; corollas amply tubular, more than twice the length of
the calyx ; flowers racemose. Q, S. Native at Macao,
Vachell.
Grent-flowered Pterostigma. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 P. viLLOsUM (Benth. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated, or
ovate-lanceolate, crenated, wrinkled, villous ; corolla one half
longer than the calyx ; flowers racemose. ©. Native of
Silhet and Tavoy, on the mountains. Adenosma villosum, Benth.
in Wall. cat. no. 3851. Corolla 3-4 lines long.
Villous Pterostigma. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 P. MACROPHYLLUM (Benth. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated,
serrately-crenated, narrowed at the base, flaccid, smoothisli ;
corollas one half longer than the calyx ; flowers racemose. ©.
S. Native of the Birman Empire, on tlie banks of the Irrawad-
dy. Adenosma macrophyllum, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3853.
Long-leaved Pterostigma. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
4 P. spica'tum (Benth. 1. c.) leaves nearly sessile, oblong,
bluntly serrated ; flowers disposed in dense oblong spikes, sub-
capitate ; calyx distinctly 5-parted; capsule beaked. ©. S.
Native of the Peninsula of India and Ceylon. Stemodia capi-
tata, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3926.
iS'/JiCfl/e-flowered Pterostigma. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
5 P. capita'tum (Benth. 1. c.) leaves ovate or oblong ; flow-
ers disposed in globose or oblong heads ; calyx hispid, some-
what 5-parted ; capsule oblong. ©. S. Native of the moun-
tainous parts of India, Nipaul, Kamaon, Hindostan, Birmann
Empire, Penang, &c. Stemodia capitata, Benth. in Wall. cat.
no. 392(5. Very like the preceding, but the capsule is interme-
diate between Lindenbergia and Pterostigma.
Cap'itate-Rowexed. Pterostigma. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bonnaya, p. 538.
§ 2. Stamens 4, all fertile.
XXV. LINDENBE'RGIA (in honour of J. B. Lindenberg,
author of a Synopsis of European Hepaticse.) Link et Otto,
abbild. p. 95. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 21. — Stemodia, Brachy-
coris, Adenosma, and Bovea species of authors.
Lin. syst. Didijnilmia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
shortly 5-cleft ; segments ovate, often leafy. Corolla ringent ;
upper lip emarginate : lower one 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, inclosed : lower ones the longest ; anthers approximating
by pairs, free ; cells separate, stipitate, all fertile. Style simple ;
stigma a little thickened, entire, dilated. Capsule oblong, bisul-
cate, 2-valved, with a loculicidal dehiscence ; dissepiment dupli-
cate, from the connate inflexed margins of the valves, at length
free ; placentas adnate to the dissepiment, or at length free.
Seeds small, naked, striated. — Branched herbs, sometimes scan-
dent or divaricate, scentless, usually becoming blackish on dry-
ing. Leaves opposite, toothed. Flowers sessile, sometimes ax-
illary and opposite, sometimes disposed in terminal or axillary
racemes or interrupted spikes.
1 L. Sina'ica (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 22.) hard, divaricately
branched, villous ; leaves small, roundish-ovate, coarsely tooth-
ed : floral ones shorter than the calyx ; racemes elongated,
axillary and terminal ; flowers opposite, secund ; corolla twice
the length of the calyx. %.1 H. Native of Sinaica, in deserts,
Bove. Bovea Sinaica, Decassne in ann. sc. nat. par. 2. ser. 2.
p. 253.
Sinai Lindenbergia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 L. GKANDiFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) climbing, and villously
downy ; leaves large, unequally ovate, acuminated, toothed :
floral ones shorter than the corolla; racemes axillary, loose;
flowers opposite, secund; corollas 4 times the length of the
calyx. ^ . ? S. Native of Nipaul. Stemodia grandiflora,
Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 89. Leaves 3-6 inches
long. Corolla more than an inch long, purple.
Great-Jloivered Lindenbergia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 L. macrophy'lla (Benth. 1. c.) somewhat scandent, hard,
smoothisli ; leaves oblong, very acutely serrated : floral ones
ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the calyx ; racemes elongated,
many-flowered, axillary and terminal ; flowers subalternate ;
corollas tuice the length of the calyx. ©. S. Native of Oude,
Serpur ; Martaban, at Prome. Stemodia macrophylla, Benth. in
Wall. cat. no. 3925. Adenosma cuspidatum, Benth. in Wall,
cat. no. 3852. Leaves hardly Ig inch. Herb always becoming
black on drying.
Long-leaved Lindenbergia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 L. URTiciEFOLiA (Lchm. in Link et Otto, abbild. 95.) erect
or ascending, annual, villous ; leaves ovate : floral ones similar ;
flowers solitary, axillary ; corolla 3 times the length of the
calyx. ©. H. Native of the mountainous parts of India, as of
Nipaul, Hurdwar, Oude, Silhet, Birman Empire, Sansedarra,
and Mussooree. Stemodia ruderalis, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 69.
Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3923. Brachycoris parvifloia, Schrad.
Much branched, usually purplish. Leaves ovate, purplish be-
neath. Flowers nearly sessile, secund, yellow, purplish outside.
P'ar. ft, major (Benth. scroph. p. 22.) stems elongated, and
more branched. ©. H. Native of Martaban, on the banks of
the Irrawaddi.
Nettle-leaved li'mdenhergia. PI. | to 1| foot.
5 L. polya'ntha (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 22.)
erect or ascending, annual, villous ; leaves ovate : lower floral
ones similar : superior ones shorter than the calyx ; racemes
many-flowered; flowers opposite, secund; corollas twice the
length of the calyx. ©. H. Native at Delhi, along the river
Jumna, Royle. Allied to L. urticcefuUa, but the inflorescence
is distinct.
Many-jlowered Lindenbergia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bonnaya, p. 538.
XXVI. STEMO'DIA (said to be from artifiwy, stemon, a
stamen ; and me, dis, double ; in reference to each stamen bear-
ing 2 anthers, or 2 distinct lobes.). Lin. gen. no. 777. Schreb.
gen. no. 1043. Gaertn. fruct. t. 52. Juss. gen. p. 118. ed.
Usteri, p. 133. Lam. ill. t. 534. f. 1. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 23. — Stemodiacra, Browne, jam. t. 22. f. 2. Jacq. amer.
p. 181.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panulate, 5-parted, nearly equal. Corolla ringent ; upper lip
emarginate : lower one 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, in-
closed : lower ones the longest ; anthers approximating by
pairs, free ; cells separate, stipitate, all fertile. Style simple ;
stigma entire, a little dilated. Capsule oblong, or nearly glo-
bose, bisulcate, 2-valved ; valves bifid ; dissepiment duplicate
540
SCROPHULARINEiE. XXVI. Stemodia.
from the inflexed margins of the valves, at length free; pla-
centas adnata. Seeds small, naked.
Sect. I. Mode'stia (frovii modestia, humility ; in reference to
the humble growth of the plants.) Cham, et Schlecht, in Lin-
naea, 3. p. 5. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 23. Capsule with a lucu-
licidal dehiscence ; valves bifid at the dissepiment. — Usually
glabrous herbs, almost with the h.ibit of Gratiola or Limnophila,
becoming blackish on drying. Leaves opposite or verticiilate,
sessile or on short petioles. Flowers axillary, or the superior
ones approximate into a head or raceme, usually blue.
* Floniers nearly sessile.
1 S. MENTHASTRUM (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3927. scroph.
ind. p. 23.) erect, smoothish ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-ob-
long, narrowed at both ends : floral ones similar, longer than
the calyx ; flowers sessile : superior ones collected into a gla-
brous, nearly globose head ; calycine segments lanceolate-
subulate. ©. ? H. Native of the Monghyr mountains, Ha-
milt.
Mint-like Stemodia. PI. 1 foot.
2 S. HYPERiciFOLiA (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3934. scroph.
ind. p. 23.) glabrous, rooting at the base, ascending ; leaves
sessile, ovate-oblong, obtuse, cordately stem-clasping at the
base ; floral ones smaller ; racemes terminal or axillary ; flow-
ers sessile, remote; segments of the calyx lanceolate. %. G.
Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. Cybbanthera connata, Ha-
milt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 23. Corollas blue. Flowers
tribracteate.
St. John's-wort-leaved Stemodia. PI. 1 to \\ foot.
3 S. balsa'mea (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3928. scroph. ind.
p. 23.) stem procumbent ; branches rather hairy ; leaves ovate,
obtuse, narrowed into the petioles, glabrous : floral ones similar
in shape ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, or 2-3 on both
sides, glomerate ; segments of calyx lanceolate-subulate. % . ?
G. Native of the Birman Empire, at Tavoy, Wall.
BaUameous Stemodia. PI. procumbent.
4 S. se'ssilis (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3939. scroph. ind.
p. 23.) procumbent, glabrous ; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse,
crenated, narrowed at the base : floral ones similar in shape ;
flowers solitary, axillary, nearly sessile ; calyxes glabrous, with
lanceolate-subulate, strict segments ; corolla hardly longer than
the calyx. 1/ . ? G. Native at Goalpara, Moolmyne, and of
Ceylon. — A humble rooting herb, native of bogs. Flowers
hardly 4 lines long.
Sessile-^ov/ei-eA Stemodia. PI. creeping.
5 S. TENuiFLORA (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3940. scroph.
ind. p. 23.) procumbent, glabrous ; leaves sessile, lanceolate,
acute, serrated, rounded at the base : floral ones similar in
shape ; flowers solitary, axillary, almost sessile ; calyx glabrous,
with lanceolate-subulate, strict segments; corollas hardly longer
than the calyx. %. S. Native of the Birman Empire, near
Prome. Very nearly allied to the preceding ; but the plant is
smaller, as well as the flowers. Habit of Lythrum hyssopifb-
lium.
Thin-Jlowered Stemodia. PI. procumbent.
G S. micra'ntha (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3936. scroph.
ind. p. 23.) small, difl!iise, much branched, glabrous ; leaves
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the base : floral
ones similar in shape ; flowers sessile, solitary, axillary ; calyx
glabrous, with lanceolate-subulate, recurvcdiy sjireading seg-
ments ; corolla twice the length of the calyx. 11 . S. Native
of Silhet, Wall. Nearly allied to the preceding ; but differs
from it in the calyxes being shorter, and nearly globose ; and
in its segments being recurvedly spreading. Stems hardly 3-4
inches high. Habit of AnaguUis lenella.
Small-Jlonered Stemodia. PI. diffuse, 3-4 inches high.
7 S. reVens (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3935. scroph. ind,
p. 24.) creeping, glabrous, rather clammy ; leaves sessile, ob-
long-lanceolate, narrowed at the base, acute, serrated : floral
ones hardly longer than the calyx ; flowers nearly sessile, race-
mose or glomerate ; calyxes nearly glabrous, with lanceolate
segments, which are subulate and recurvedly spreading at apex;
corolla twice the length of the calyx. %. S. Native of the
Indian Peninsula, about Madras. Stems elongated, generally
more than a foot. Racemes rather loose, terminal and axil-
lary.
Creeping Stemodia. PI. creeping.
8 S. camphora'ta (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 69. ? Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 24.) erect, clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate-oblong : floral ones linear-lanceolate ; racemes ax-
illary, rather shorter than the leaves ; flowers almost sessile ;
calyxes downy, with lanceolate-acute segments ; corolla almost
3 times as long as the calyx, i;. ? S. Native of Hindostan,
and of the Birman Empire, at Prome ; and of Ceylon. S.
ciminica, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3933. Stems floriferous at
the base. Racemes numerous, short, loose, leafy. " Leaves
1| inch long, sharply and unequally serrated. Corolla of a
greenish citron colour," ex V^ahl.
Camphorated Stemodia. PI. 1 to H foot.
* * Flowers pedicellate ; pedicels longer than the calyx.
9 S. viscosa (Roxb. cor. 2. p. 23. t. 163.) erect, down}',
clammy ; leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, acute, narrowed towards
the base, and dilately cordate at the base, and stem-clasping :
floral ones similar in shape; flowers axillary, solitary: upper
ones racemose; calycine segments lanceolate, acute. ©.? S.
Native of Coromandel and Bengal. S. maritima, Heyne, ex
Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3931. but not of Lin. Corolla blue.
C/«mm;/ Stemodia. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. i to 1
foot.
10 S. hirsu'ta (Heyne, ex Wall. cat. no. 3930. Benth.
scroph. ind. 24.) stem erect, hairy ; leaves nearly sessile, nar-
rowed at the base : upper ones hardly stem-clasping, glabrous :
floral ones rather shorter than the pedicels ; raceme terminal ;
flowers solitary, opposite ; segments of the calyx lanceolate-
subulate. 0.?S. Native of the Indian Peninsula ? Hindostan,
and Silhet.
Hairy Stemodia. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
11 S. DiFFu'sA (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3937. scroph. ind.
p. 24.) diffuse, glabrous ; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, nar-
rowed at the base : floral ones similar in shape ; flowers soli-
tary, axillary ; calyx glabrous, with lanceolate-acute segments ;
corolla twice the length of the calyx. 1/ . ? S. Native of the
Birman Empire, at Tavoy. Stature of S. micrdntha ; but the
flowers are pedicellate, larger, &c.
Diffuse Stemodia. PI. diffuse, 3-4 inches.
12 S. GRATioEofDEs (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3938. scroph.
ind. p. 25.) glabrous, erect ; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate,
narrowed at the base, stem-clasping: floral ones similar in
shape ; flowers axillary, ojiposite, solitary ; segments of the
calyx lanceolate; corolla one half longer than the calyx. 11. 1
S. Native of the Birman Empire, at Tavoy.
Hedge-hyssop-like Stemodia. PI. ^ foot.
13 S. Philippe'nsis (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 3. p. 5.)
downy ; leaves falsely opposite, petiolate, lanceolate, ovate,
acute at botli ends, sharply serrated, quite entire at the base :
floral ones similar in shape ; spikes terminal, many-flowered ;
calyx bractless, with lanceolate, acute, ciliated segments. Tf. . S.
Native of the Island of Lu^on, on high lands. Leaves 2|
inches long. Corolla half an inch long, downy outside.
Philippine Stemodia. PI. erect.
14 S. mura'ria (Roxb. mss. ex D.Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 89.)
SCROPHULARINEiE. XXVI. Stemodia.
541
very hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, petiolate, serrated : floral ones
similar in shape ; flowers axillary, usually solitarj', pedicellate ;
segments of calyx ovate, niucronulate. 1^ . F. Native of
Nipaul. Root tufted. Stems numerous, erect, branched.
Lea\es like those of Ca/amint, opposite. Corolla pale rose-
coloured, villous, twice the length of the calyx.
IVall Stemodia. PI. J to f foot.
Sect. II. Diamoste (an anagram of Modestia, the name of
sect. I.) Cliam. et Schlecht, in Linna^a, 3. p. 4. Capsule with
a septicidal dehiscence. — Herbs or under-shrubs. Leaves oppo-
site, or 3 in a whorl, entire. Flowers axillary, blue, solitary.
* Calyx hraclless.
15 S. VERTiciLLA^Ris (Link, enum. 2. p. 144.) erect, clothed
with clammy down ; leaves opposite, or 4 in a whorl, lanceo-
late, or linear-lanceolate, serrated, half stem-clasping ; flowers
nearly sessile, solitary in the axils of the leaves, therefore verti-
cillate. ©. H. Native of tropical and extra-tropical Brazil.
Conobea verticillaris, Spreng. nov. prov. p. 13. Branches nu-
merous, erect, branched in the cultivated plant; but the stem is
simple, and hardly an inch long in the wild plant. Corolla
small, purple. Calyx bractless.
W/iorled-leaved Stemodia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pi.
1 inch to 1 foot.
16 S. arena'ria (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 357.
t. 175.) procumbent; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, crenately
serrated ; flowers axillary, solitary or twin, on short pedicels ;
segments of calyx linear, 3-nerved, ciliated, nearly equal. If..
S. Native on the inundated banks of the river Magdalena,
near Banco and El Penon, between Mompox and Morales.
Conobea ovata, Hort. Conobea piimila, Spreng. nov. prov. p.
13. Herpestis ditfiisa, Wiild. herb. no. 11444. Herb much
branched ; branches rather hairy. Leaves smoothish, 3-5 lines
long. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, blue. Perhaps the
same as L. jiarrrflora.
Sand Stemodia. PI. procumbent.
17 S. PARviFLORA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 52. Link,
enum. 2. p. 144. exclusive of the syn. of Spreng.) procumbent,
much branched, downy ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, peti-
olate, ovate, crenated. %. S. Native of South America.
Erinus verticillatus. Mill. diet. ed. 8th. Corollas small, white ;
tube incurved.
Small-floivered StemodL\a. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. J foot.
18 S. suFFRUTicosA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 357.)
suffiuticose, ratlier hairy ; leaves 3 in a whorl, sessile, oblong,
crenated ; flowers axillary, usually twin, pedicellate ; segments
of the calyx linear, somewhat 5-nerved. Tj . S. Native of
New Granada, between Ona and the river Saraguru, at the alti-
tude of 1200 hexapods. Columnea trifoliiita. Link. enum. 2. p.
145. Stemodia trifoliata, Rchb. Leaves 9-18 lines long, and
3-6 broad. Flowers larger than those of Thijmus serpylli(m.
Corolla blue, hairy outside ; tube hardly exceeding the calyx.
Very nearly allied to S. duranlifdlia. Calyx bractless.
Suffruticose Stemodia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
small.
19 S. gla'bra (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 811.) stem ascending, an-
gular, glabrous ; leaves opposite, stem-clasping, lanceolate, re-
motely toothed, scabrous ; flowers axillary, opposite, sessile.- —
Native of Monte Video, Sello.
Glabrous Stemodia. PI.
20 S. JoRULLENsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 358.)
erect, pilose ; leaves 3 in a whorl, petiolate, ovate ; flowers soli-
tary, axillary, on long pedicels; segments of calyx linear. %.
S. Native of New Spain, at the foot of the burning Mount
Jorullo, at the altitude of 490 hexapods. Stem branched.
Leaves doubly and deeply crenate-serrated, entire at base, 5
lines long. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, blue ?
Jorullo Stemodia. PI. 1 to Ij foot.
21 S. PALu'sTRis (Aug. St. Hil. rem. bras. p. 216. mem. mus.
12. p. 314.) root creeping; stems ascending; leaves opposite,
and 3 in a whorl, sessile, oblong-linear, acute, obsoletely tooth-
ed : superior ones narrower, nearly linear : upper ones, and
those of the branches, linear, very narrow ; flowers subspicate,
on short pedicels ; calyx puberulous. 1/ . S. Native of the
South of Brazil, on the margins of marshes, and in humid places
on the banks of the Rio Negro and la Uraguay. Corolla blue ;
palate convex on one side, and concave on the other, wiiite.
Capsule about equal in length to the calyx. Plant puberulous
at top.
Marsh Stemodia. PI. j to | foot.
22 S. gratiol;ef6lia (Aug. St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 217.
mem. mus. 12. p. 315.) leaves opposite, sessile, linear, acute,
obsoletely toothed, glabrous ; flowers panicled, nearly sessile,
usually solitary in the axils of the bracteas ; calyx smoothish.
If. F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul,
on the edges of woods on the banks of the Ploropasso. Corolla
pale blue,
Gratiola-leavcd Stemodia. PI. | to H foot.
* * Calyx hibracleate.
23 S. mari'tima (Lin. spec. 881. Jacq. amer. p. 181. t. 174.
f. 66. pict. 261. f. 48.) procumbent, hairy ; leaves opposite, has-
tate at the base, and half stem-clasping; flowers axillary, soli-
tary, sessile. $ .1 S. Native of Jamaica, in inundated parts
by the sea side ; Cuba, in humid places near Havannah ; also
of New Andalusia, near Bordones. — Brown, jam. 261. t. 22. f.
2. — Sloane, hist. 1. p. 175. t. 110. f. 2. Leaves viscid. Calyx
bibracteate. Corolla blue. The plant has a bitterish taste,
and a pleasant aromatic smell.
iVa-sif/e Stemodia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
24 S. DURANTiFOLiA (Swartz, obs. p. 240.) erect ; leaves 3 in
a whorl, and connate, serrated ; flowers axillary, solitary, there-
fore usually 3 in a whorl, nearly sessile. $ . S. Native of
Jamaica, in marshy places by the sea side. Caprkria duranti-
folia, Lin. spec. p. 876. amcen. acad. 5. p. 379. — Sloane, hist. I.
p. 196. t. 124. f. 2. Branches hairy, viscid. Leaves pubes-
cent. Calyx bibracteate, with subulate segments, shorter than
the corolla. Corolla small, blue.
Duratita-leaved Stemodia. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 foot.
25 S. HYPTofnEs (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 3. p. 8.)
pubescently hairy ; leaves opposite, and 3 in a whorl, ovate-lan-
ceolate, sharply toothed, narrowed below, and auriculately stem-
clasping at the base ; spikes terminal, dense-flowered, panicled ;
calyx bibracteate, with narrow-linear, acuminated segments. 1/ .
G. Native of the southern provinces of Brazil. Habit of
Hyptis or Mentha. Branches axillary, erect, shorter than the
stem, pyramidally panicled. Root throwing out stolons. Cauline
leaves 2i inches long. Flowers on short pedicels.
Hyptis-itke Stemodia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
26 S. sTRi'cTA (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 10.) clothed with
clammy pubescence ; leaves obovate, acute, toothed, narrowed
at bottom, but sessile and subdilated at the base, and quite
entire : lower ones opposite : superior ones 3 in a whorl ; spikes
terminal, verticillate ; calyx bibracteate, like that of the pre-
ceding. % . S. Native of tropical Brazil, Sello. Flowers
smaller than those of the preceding, disposed in leafy verticillate
racemes, on short pedicels. Floral leaves similar to the rest in
shape.
Strict Stemodia. PI. 1 to H foot.
542
SCROPHULARINE^. XXVII. Dodartia. XXVIII. Masus. XXIX. Limnophila.
f Species hardly known.
27 S. minu'ta ; annual, spreading, 4-sided ; leaves sessile,
ovate, cordate, serrulated ; flowers axillary, on long peduncles ;
calyx 5 -cleft ; corolla ringent ; capsule globular. ©. H. Na-
tive of various parts of India, appearing during the rainy or cold
season. Columnea miniita, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 98.
Minute Stemodia. PI. spreading.
28 S. TOMENTOSA ; annual, difTuse ; leaves generally oppo-
site, wedge-shaped, with gashed margins ; racemes terminal ;
calyx ample, 5-cleft ; corolla ringent. ©. H. Native of Ben-
gal, appearing during the cold season. Columnea toment6sa,
Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 98.
Tomenlose Stemodia. PI. spreading.
Cult. The species grow well in a light rich soil ; and are
readily increased by cuttings and seeds. The annual kinds may
be planted in the open border about the end of May, in a warm
sheltered situation.
XXVII. DODA'RTIA (so named by Tournefort after M.
Dodart, member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, and phy-
sician to the princess dowager of Conti.) Tourn. inst. 478.
itin. 3. t. 208. Lin. gen. no. 780. Schreb. gen. 1047. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 245. t. 53. Juss. gen. 119. ed. Usteri, p. 134.
Lam. ill. t. 530. f. 1.
Lin. svst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
short, angular, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular ; limb bilabiate ;
upper lip emarginate : lower lip broader and trifid, twice the
length of the upper one. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ?
anthers small, roundish, twin. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule glo-
bose, covered by the calyx, 2-celled ; placentas convex, growing
to the dissepiment. — An herbaceous glabrous plant, with creeping
roots ; branched, or simple, solitary stems. Leaves distant :
lower ones opposite : upper ones alternate, linear, entire.
Branches axillary. Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, at the tops
of the stem and branches, bracteate. Corollas deep purple or
blue.
1 D. oiuenta'lis (Lin. spec. p. 883.) %. H. Native of
Tartary ; and on Mount Ararat. Mill. fig. 127. Sweet, fl.
gard. t. 147. Lower leaves serrated : upper ones entire.
Eastern MoAania. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1739. PI. 1 to U
foot.
Cull. The plant loves a light dry soil, and a warm sheltered
situation. It propagates very fast by its creeping roots ; so
that when once established in a garden, it will multiply fast
enough.
XXVIII. MA'SUS (from fiaaoQ, masos, a teat ; tubercles
closing mouth of corolla.) Lour. coch. p. 385. R. Br. prod,
p. 439. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 26. — Hornemannia species,
Link. — Gratiola species, Horn.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-cleft, nearly equal. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip bidentate or
bifid : lower one longer, trifid, furnished with 2 gibbosities at
the base ; lobes entire. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; fila-
ments entire ; anthers cohering, or approximating by pairs ;
cells diverging or divaricate, but at length confluent. Stigma
bilamellate. Capsule 2-valved, with a loculicidal dehiscence ;
valves entire, bearing the dissepiment in the middle ; dissepi-
ments at length free ; placentas adnate to the dissepiment
Humble herbs, generally creeping or procumbent. Radical
leaves numerous, petiolate, coarsely toothed or lobed : those of
the sterile branches opposite ; but those of the floral ones are
few and alternate. Racemes of the floral branches, or of the
scapes, naked, terminal, unilateral. Flowers alternate, pedicel-
late. Bracteas none, or 1-2 on a pedicel.
1 M. suRCULosus (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 86.) stolons
creeping ; leaves deeply crenated, xvrinkled, hispid, and a little
curled ; those of the sterile branches roundish ; segments of
calyx shorter than its tube, ovate, obtuse ; corolla hardly twice
the length of the calyx. If. . F. Native of Nipaul, Kamaon,
and Mussooree. Herb hairy. Racemes radical, pilose, or
scapes racemose. Corollas size of those of Masus rugbsus, but
the plant is more branched.
Surculose Masus. PI. creeping.
2 M. RUGOsus (Lour. coch. 385.) hardly stoloniferous ; leaves
all oblong, cuneated, coarsely toothed ; segments of the calyx
ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, equal in length to the
tube; corollas hardly twice the length of the calyx. 0. H.
Native of Nipaul, Kamaon, Silhet, Wall. ; Saharanpur and
Mussooree, Royle ; Cochinchina, Lour. ; Japan, Thunb. Sweet,
fl. gard. t. 36. M. bicolor, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3913.
Hornemannia bicolor, Willd. enum. 634. Rchb. icon. bot.
exot. 25. t. 37. Gratiola goodenisefolia, Horn. hort. hafn.
p. 19. Lindernia Japonica, I'hunb. fl. jap. p. 253.? Corolla
blue, with a yellow or white palate.
Jt'rinkled-leaved Masus. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1780. PI.
procumbent.
3 M. denta'tus (Wall. cat. no. 3914. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 27.) stolons none ; leaves ovate, sinuated ; corolla 3 times
the length of the calyx. ©. ? H. Native of Nipaul. Leaves
larger, broader, smoother, and less lobed than the preceding ;
and the corolla is double the size.
ToothedAeaved Masus. PI. | foot.
4 M. pumi'lio (R. Br. prod. p. 439.) superior lip of corolla
deeply bifid; scapes 1-4-flowered, and are, as well as the
calyxes, glabrous. O- ? H. Native of Van Dienien's Land.
Flowers purple ?
Far. a ; racemes 3-4-flowered ; pedicels furnished with a
setaceous bracteole near the apex.
Var. 13; scapes I -flowered.
Z)wfl!r/ Masus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. small.
5 M. L.EviFOLiA (Blum, bijdr. p. 753.) leaves spatulate,
repand, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes terminal, loose,
glanduliferous. 0. H. Native of Java, in humid places about
Buitenzorg.
Smooth' leaved Masus. PI. trailing.
Cult. The seeds of annual species require to be reared on a
gentle hot-bed ; and when the plants are of sufficient size, but
not before the end of May, they should be planted out in a
warm sheltered situation in the open ground. M. surcu/osus,
being perennial, will require to be kept in the greenhouse during
winter.
XXIX. LIMNO'PHILA (from Xiixpt,, limne, a lake ; and
(piXib), phileo, to love ; in reference to the plants loving water.)
R. Br. prod. 442. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 25. — Columnea spe-
cies, Roxb — Gratiola species, Willd.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, 5-
cleft, equal. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb somewhat bilabiate ;
upper lip 2-lobed : lower lip trifid ; lobes all flat. Stamens
4, didynamous ; filaments entire, usually abruptly incurved at
apex, sometimes dilated ; anthers cohering by pairs ; cells
parallel, distinct. Stigma oblique, dilated, bilamellate. Capsule
bisulcate, 2-valved ; valves with a loculicidal dehiscence, bifid,
dehiscing slowly ; dissepiment from the margins of the valves,
at length free ; placentas adnate. — Erect marsh or aquatic
herbs. Leaves opposite : lower ones submersed, deeply many-
parted, as in Ranunculus aqualilis, with capillaceously multifid
segments ; emersed leaves entire, toothed or cut, often tripartite,
and hence they appear as if they were verticillate. Flowers
SCROPHULARINE^. XXIX. Limnophila. XXX. Morgania.
543
solitary, opposite, sometimes sessile, sometimes pedicellate, ax-
illary or racemose ; pedicels usually bibracteate at apex.
§ 1. Axillarifl6r.e. Flowers axillary. Emersed leaves
hardly half an inch long.
1 L. uefle'xa (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3904. scroph. ind. p.
25.) stem slender, glabrous ; emersed leaves usually opposite,
quite entire ; flowers sessile, axillary ; teeth of calyx siiort,
mutic ; capsule at length reflexed. 0.? 1^. S. Native of tlie
Birman Empire, at Tavoy.
Tff^ea'crf-capsiiled Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
2 L. heterophy'lla (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3905. scroph.
ind. p. 25.) stem thickish, glabrous ; emersed leaves usually 3
in a whorl, serrulated ; flowers sessile axillary, subverticillate ;
teeth of calyx subulately acuminated. % . S. Native of
Nipaul, Wall. ; at Nathpur and Gagpur, Hamilt. ; Peninsula, ?
Heyne. Columnea heteropliylla, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 97.
Variable-leaved Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
3 L. sEssiLiFLORA (Bliim. bijdr. p. 749. Benth. in Wall. cat.
no. 3902. scroph. ind. p. 25.) stem hairy ; emersed leaves 3-
parted, cut ; flowers axillary, sessile. 1^. S. Native at Goal-
para, Hamilt. ; Silhet, Wall. ; Java, Blum. Said to be nearly
allied to the following.
Sessile-Jloivered Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
4 L. viLLOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 750.) stem villous ; leaves
all opposite, lanceolate-linear, stem-clasping, serrated, rather
pilose ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, and are,
as well as the calyxes, villous. Tf.. S. Native of Java, in
humid parts of the mountains.
Villous Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
5 L. puncta'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 750.) stem a little stri-
ated ; leaves all opposite, or 3 in a whorl, stem-clasping,
oblong-lanceolate, serrated, glabrous, full of depressed dots on
both surfaces; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, and are, as well
as the calyxes, clothed with glandular hairs. T^. S. Native of
Java, in humid places near 'Jjiradjas, Biiitenzorg, &c.
Dotted-\ea.\ei\ Limnopliila. PI. aquatic.
6 L. GRATiOLoi^DEs (R. Br. prod. p. 442.) stem glabrous ;
emersed leaves opposite : lower ones tripartite, cut, or capil-
laceously multifid : superior ones entire, serrulated ; flowers
pedicellate, opposite, axillary. % . S. Native throughout
India, in lakes, pools, and marshes, and, therefore, the habit is
very variable. It is also to be found in New Holland, within
the tropic. L. trifida, Sprcng. syst. 2. p. 802. Hottonia I'n-
dica, Lin. spec. 208. Gratiola trifida, Willd. spec. 1. p. 104.
Hydro]iityon pedunculatum, Ser. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 422.
Columnea balsamica, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 97. — Burm. zeyl. t.
55. f. 2. — Rheed. mal. 12. t. 36. Root creeping. Corolla
blue.
Var. P, myriophylloldes (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 26.) leaves
almost all many-parted ; segments short, capillaceously multifid.
1/ . S. L. myriophylloldes. Roth, nov. spec. 294.
I ar. y, elongata (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 26.) stem elongated;
submersed leaves capillaceously multifid : cauline ones distant,
nearly all entire. If., S. L. elongata, Benth. in Wall. cat. no.
3903.
Gratiola-like Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
7 L. pinnati'fida (Blum, bijdr. p. 749.) stems striated, beset
with glandular hairs above ; leaves all verticillate, setaceously
multifid ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile, solitary. %. S. Na-
tive of Java, in rivulets near Linga Jattie, in the province of
Cherebon, where it is called Gangang.
FinnaUjid-\ea.veA Limnophila. Pi. aquatic.
8 L. cham;edrif6lia ; leaves lanceolate, ovate, toothed at
top ; flowers opposite, axillary; ? calyx length of tube. %. 8.
Native of Malabar, in humid places. Gratiola chamEedrifolia,
Lam. ill. 1. p. 54. Grat. trifida, ft, integrifolia, Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 90. — Rheed. mal. 9. p. 166. t. 85. bad. Perhaps only a
variety of L. graliololdes.
Germander-leaved Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
9 L. ? Roxbu'rgiiii ; annual, erect, with creeping roots ;
leaves opposite, nearly sessile, oblong, serrated ; flowers axillary,
solitary, nearly sessile. ©. S. Native among the Circars, in
rills of fresh water. Capraria gratissima, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p.
92. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 78. Stems round, as thick as the little
finger ; all the joints under water emit many fibrous roots, or
multifid, filiform leaves. Leaves 2^ inches long, and 1 broad.
Corolla campanulate, purple : upper lip broader and emarginate.
It is delightfully aromatic.
Roxburgh' s Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
§ 2. Racemose;. Flowers racemose. Emersed leaves usually
more than an inch long.
10 L. ?diffu'sa; suffruticose, diff"use ; leaves opposite, peti-
olate, lanceolate, obtuse, entire ; spikes axillary and terminal,
shorter than the leaves. T^-S. Native of India. Capraria
diffusa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 92. Plant spreading, young parts
puberulous. Leaves 1-3 inches long, and under one in breadth.
Flowers small, purple. Racemes villous, clammy.
Diffuse Limnophila. PI. diffiise.
11 L. RACEMosA (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3907.) emersed
leaves opposite, or subverticillate, 3-nerved, serrated, or the
lower ones are parted ; racemes dense, many-flowered ; calyxes
membranous, smooth, pedicellate. %. S. Native of the Indian
Peninsula and Bengal, Wall. Bejar Royle. Cyrilla aquatica,
Roxb. cor. 2. p. 47. t. 189. L. hyssopifolia, Roth, nov. spec.
297.? Corollas purple.
/?accmojte-flowered Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
12 L. GRATi'ssiMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 749.? Benth. in Wall,
cat. no. 3906. scroph. ind. p. 26.) emersed leaves 3 in a whorl,
lanceolate-linear, serrated, feather-nerved ; raceme loose ;
calyx with elevated stripes, on long pedicels. % . S. Native
at Goal|iara, Hamilt.; Peninsula, \Vight ; Ceylon, Macrae;
Java, Blume. — Rheed. mal, 10. t. 6, ex Blume. Leaves all
ternate, sessile. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with glandular
hairs, e.x Blume.
Very grateful Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
13 L. polysta'chya (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3909.) emersed
leaves 3 in a whorl, 3-nerved ; racemes branched, slender, many-
flowered ; flowers small, sessile. 1/. S. Native of the Indian
Peninsula and Bengal.
Many-spiked Limnophila. PI. aquatic.
N.B. L. campanuloides, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3908, pro-
bably belongs to Gentianeae.
Cult. All the species of Limnophila being aquatic, they
should be grown in a cistern placed in a stove, or warm part of
a greenhouse, and treated like other tender aquatics.
XXX. MORGA'NIA (named in memory of Hugh Mor-
gan, an apothecary of London, whose botanic garden is spoken
of highly by Lobel and Gerarde in several parts of their works.)
R. Br. prod. p. 441.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted,
equal. Corolla ringent ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower lip trifid ;
lobes nearly equal, obcordate. Stamens 4, didynamous, in-
closed ; lobes of anthers divaricate, mutic. Stigma bilamel-
late. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bipartite ; dissepiment
from the inflexed margins of the valves. — Herbs with opposite
leaves. Stems erect, tetragonal. Leaves linear. Peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered, bibracteate at apex. Flowers blue. This
1
544
SCROPHULARINEiE. XXX. Morgania. XXXI. Herpestis.
genus is nearly allied to Herpestis, but is readily distinguished
by the equal calyx, and more unequal corolla.
1 M. gla'bra (R. Br. prod. p. 4-tl.) glabrous ; leaves linear,
entire, or few-toothed ; flowering peduncles about equal in
length to the calyx. "U.? S. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic.
Glabrous Morgania. PI. | foot. ?
2 M. pube'scens (R. Br. prod. 441.) downy ; leaves lanceo-
late-linear, toothed ; flowering peduncles shorter than the calyx.
i;.? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Very
nearly allied to the preceding, and is, perhaps, only a variety
of it.
Donny Morgania. PI. 5 foot.
Cult. For culture and projiagation see Slemodia, p. 542.
XXXI. HERPE'STIS (from £f)7r»;<Trj)c, herpestes, any thing
that creeps, in allusion to the creeping habit of the plants.)
Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 1.S7. t. 214. R. Br. prod. p. 441. Benth.
scroph. ind. p. 29. — Monni^ra, Browne, Michx. &c. Gratlola
species, Lin. and others. Calytriplex, Ruiz, et Pav. Bramia,
Lam. Mart. pi. bras. 3. p. 16.
Lin. svst. Lidynam'ia, Ang'tospermia. Calyx 5-parted ;
upper segment large, ovate, covering the rest : 2 lower ones
narrower : 2 lateral ones linear. Corolla tubular, somewhat
bilabiate : upper lip bifid : lower one trifid ; segments all flat,
and nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; anthers
approximating by pairs ; cells diverging, or divaricate, at length
nearly confluent. Style simple ; stigma emarginate, or bilamel-
late. Capsule hardly furrowed, 4-valved ; margins of the
valves flat ; dissepiment at length free ; placentas adnate. —
Usually creeping, glabrous, or villous herbs. Leaves opposite,
quite entire, or toothed. Flowers axillary, sessile, or pedicel-
late, solitary, or 2-3 together. Bracteas wanting, or furnished
with 1-2 on each peduncle. Corollas generally blue.
5 1. Calyx bractless,
1 H. ? ama'ra (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 30.) plant almost gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, cuneated at the base ;
peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, 2-4-flowered, some-
what racemose ; flowers pedicellate. 1/ . S. Native of the
Moluccas, Java. Gratiola amara, Roxb. fl. ind. ed. Car. 1. p.
136.? Caranga amara, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 100. Curania ainara,
Juss. 1. c. Blum, bijdr. 746. Serratula amara, Rumph. amb.
5. p. 459. t. 170. f. 1. According to Roxburgh only 2 of the
filaments are fertile. Rumphius says, the leaves are exceedingly
bitter, and might, no doubt, answer valuable purposes in medi-
cine.
Bitter Herpestis. PI. creeping.
2 H. ova'ta (Wall. cat. no. 3896. Benth. scroph. ind. p.
SO.) glabrous, procumbent ; leaves short, petiolate, ovate, cre-
nated; flowers solitary, opposite, nearly sessile, i;. S. Native
of the Birman Empire at Tavoy. Habit of 77. chri/sdnllia, from
which it hardly differs unless in the sessile flowers.
Oya^e-leaved Herpestis. PI. procumbent.
3 H. LINEARIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 802.) stem humble,
branched ; leaves linear, quite entire, glabrous ; peduncles axil-
lary, twin, 1-flowered. 2/ . S. Native of Coromandel. Lin-
dernia sesamoides, Spreng. new. entd. p. 14.
Linear-leaved Herpestis. PI. humble.
4 H. chrysa'ntha (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 2. p. 577.)
herbaceous, glabrous ; stems at first erect, but at length decum-
bent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, serrated ; peduncles opposite, a
little shorter than the leaves ; outer sepals ovate, nearly entire.
0. H. Native of Mexico. Corolla yellow.
Yellow-Jlonered Herpestis. PI. decumbent.
5 H. lanceola'ta (Wight, in Wall. cat. no. 3899. Benth.
scroph. ind. p. SO.) glabrous, erect ; leaves lanceolate-linear,
quite entire, narrowed at the base ; flowers pedicellate, 1-3
together. 1/. S. Native of the Peninsula of India.
LanceolateAeaxeH Herpestis. PI. | foot.
6 H. serpylloi'des (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 2. p.
574.) suftruticose ; stems radicant, tufted ; leaves sessile, lanceo-
late, I'cmotely and obsoletely serrated ; flowers sessile, or nearly
alternate and opposite ; outer sepals lanceolate, acute. 1/ . S.
Native of Brazil, within the tropic, Sello. Habit of Thymus
serpijUnin. Flowers small.
Wild-Tliyme-like Herpestis. Shrub creeping.
7 H. flagella'ris (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 2. p. 575.)
suffruticose, glabrous ; stems whip-like, filiform ; leaves sessile,
lanceolate, nearly entire, or serrated ; peduncles very long,
alternate ; outer sepals lanceolate, acute. fj . S. Native of
the South of Brazil, in the province of Monte Video. H. Mon-
tevidensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 802. Flowers deep coloured.
Var. ft, veroniccefdUa (Cham, et Schlecht. p. 576.) plant more
slender ; leaves narrower, usually serrated ; serratures few,
deep, rarely obsolete ; flowers smaller. %, G. Native of
Monte Video.
Whip Herpestis. PI. creeping.
8 H. tene'lla (Cham, et Schlecht, \. c. p. 576.) herbaceous,
glabrous ; stems prostrate ; leaves on short petioles, ovate,
acutely serrated ; peduncles very long, alternate ; outer sepals
ovate, cordate. 1/ . S. Native of the South of Brazil, at Rio
Pardo, Sello.
Tender Herpestis. PI. prostrate.
9 H. callitrichoi'des (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2.
p. 367.) quite glabrous, prostrate ; leaves oblong, acute, cune-
ated at the base, remotely toothed ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; segments of calyx unequal, lanceolate-linear. ©. S.
Native of sandy places near San Fernando do Apure. Morga-
nia callitrichoides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 803. Corolla pale red.
Perhaps a species of Lindernta.
CaUitriche-like Herpestis. PI. prostrate.
10 H. VANDELLiofoEs (H. B. et Kuutli, 1. c.) glabrous, pro-
cumbent ; leaves obovate, acutish, serrated ; peduncles longer
than the leaves ; outer segments of calyx oblong, acute, obso-
letely serrated at apex. 1/. S. Native of Mexico, in the fis-
sures of rocks between Moran and Omitlan, at the altitude of
1340 hexapods. Root perpendicular.
J'andelUa-Uke Herpestis. PI. procumbent.
11 H. caprarioi'des (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c p. 368.) quite
glabrous, procumbent, creeping ; leaves ovate, obtuse, cuneated
at the base, serrately crenated ; peduncles about equal in length
to the leaves ; outer segments of calyx oblong, acute, sub-cre-
nated. %. S. Native of New Granada, in dry sandy places
on the banks of the river Magdalena, near El Penon. Corolla
yellow, longer than the calyx ; upper lip emarginate : lower one
bipartite, reflexed.
Capraria-like Herpestis. PI. creeping.
12 H. coLUBRiNA (H. B. et Kunth, I. c.) glabrous, procum-
bent ; leaves oblong, acutish, cuneated at the base, serrated ;
peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; outer segments of
calyx oblong, acute, quite entire. 1^. S. Native of Peru, in
humid places near Guancabamba and Sondorillo, at the altitude
of 1000 hexapods, where it is called Yerha de Coulebra by the
natives. Corolla yellow ; upper lip emarginate : lower one
bearded at the base. The plant is used against the bites of
venomous animals.
Snake Herpestis. PI. procumbent.
13 H. Cube'nsis (Poepp. ex Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) this
species differs from H. tenclla in the peduncles being oppo-
site, and in the outer sepals being elliptic and obtuse, not as in
that plant, ovate, cordate, acuminated. 1/ . S. Native of Cuba.
SCROPHULARINEiE. XXXI. Herpestis.
545
Plant glabrous ; branches twigpry. Leaves roundish-ovate, cre-
nulated ; peduncles axillary, filiform, opposite, exceeding the
leaves.
Cuba Herpestis. PI. creeping.
14 H. cham.edryoi'des (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 369.) gla-
brous, procumbent ; leaves obovate, obtuse, crenately serrated ;
peduncles longer than the leaves ; outer segments of calyx
ovate-oblong, acutish, quite entire. 11 . S. Native of Quito,
in temperate places near Chillo and Lulumbamba, at the alti-
tude of 1360 hexapods. Lindcrnia dianthera, Swartz, prod.
i>2. fl, ind. occ. 2. p. 1058. Corolla yellow: upper lip almost
entire; throat bearded. This is hardly distinct from //. colu-
brlna, H. B. et Kunth, and H. chrijsanlha, Cham, is probably
the same.
Germander-like Herpestis. PI. procumbent.
15 H. keVens (Schlccht, et Cham, in Linnsca, 5. p. 107.)
stems creeping, filiform ; leaves sessile, roundish-ovate, entire,
glabrous ; peduncles downy, shorter than the leaves ; outer
segments of caly.x ovate. 2/. S. Native of Jamaica, in watery
places. Gratiola repens, Swartz. prod. p. 14. fl. ind. 1. p. 39.
icon. t. 3. Corollas small, white.
Creeping Herpestis. PI. creeping.
16 H. obova'ta (Poepp. pi. cub. exsic. ex Schlecht, et
Cham, in Linnsea, 5. p. 107.) stem woolly; leaves obovate.
1/ . S. Native of Cuba. Gratiola repens, Willd. herb. Gra-
tiola parviflora and Hydrotrida Beccabunga, Juss.
Oiora^e-leaved Herpestis. Pi. creeping.
17 H. c/ESPiTosA (Cliam. et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 8. p. 33.)
glabrous ; stems tufted, densely leafy, radicant, ascending ; leaves
lanceolate, quite entire, rather fleshy, 1 -nerved ; peduncles
alternate, 3-6 times longer than the leaves ; calyx somewhat
unibracteate ; outer segments ovate, acute. If. . S. Native of
Brazil, Sello. Habit and stature of Veronica saxalilis, but
smaller and more slender. Leaves scarcely 2 lines long, exceed-
ing the internodes, bluntish, subconnate. Sepals unequal, the
3 outer ones ovate, acute : the 2 inner narrower, ovate, acumi-
nate, acute.
Tufted Herpestis. PI. creeping.
18 H. herniarioi'des (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linneea, 8. p.
34.) glabrous ; stems herbaceous, tetragonal, much branched,
trailing, rooting ; leaves ovate, coarsely few-crenated, obtuse,
narrowed into the petioles ; petioles connate ; flowers axil-
lary, scattered, on short pedicels ; calyx loose in the fructi-
ferous state, not exceeding the capsule ; valves of capsule en-
tire ; calycine segments obtuse ; outer ones ovate-lanceolate.
% . S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Root rather woody, nearly
simple. Plant tufted. Lobes of the limb of the corolla almost
equal in length, rather unequal.
Herniaria-like Herpestis. PI. creeping, and tufted.
§ 2. Calyx hractcate.
19 H. floribu'nda (R. Br. prod. p. 442.) glabrous, erect;
leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire ; sepals or segments
of the fructiferous calyx reticulated and subcordate ; peduncles
bibracteate under the apex, shorter than the leaves. 1/ . S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; and of Java, in
rice fields.
Bundle-flowered Herpestis. PI. \ foot.
20 H. Dominge'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 801.) stem erect,
glabrous, branched ; leaves petiolate, oblong, attenuated at the
base, crenated ; peduncles verticillate ; fructiferous calyx reti-
culated. %.1 G. Native of Hispaniola, Bertero.
St. Domingo Herpestis. PI. erect.
21 H. ere'cta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 801.) villous ; stem erect ;
leaves ovate-oblong, subcrenulated ; peduncles axillary, oppo-
site, short, erect. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, Sello.
VOL. IV.
Erect Herpestis. PI. erect.
22 H. STRi'cTA (Schrad. ex Link, enum. 2. p. 142.) stem
erect, glabrous, branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, run-
ning into the petioles, unequally serrated ; peduncles axillary,
usually solitary, short ; calyxes crenulated. !{. . ? S. Native
of Brazil. Flowers 4-6 in a whorl, blue.
^/r/c< Herpestis. Fl. Aug. CIt. 1824. PI. erect.
23 H. amplexicau'lis (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 418.)
stems woolly ; leaves short, cordate-oval, stem-clasping, entire,
obtuse; peduncles shorter than the leaves. If.. H. Native of
Carolina and Georgia, in ponds and ditches. Monniera am-
plexicaulis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 22. Flowers blue,
larger than in the other North American species.
S<e»i-c/as/«'ng'-leaved Herpestis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. creeping.
24 H. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Pursh, 1. c.) minutely pubescent; leaves
suboval-orbicular, many-nerved ; peduncles opposite, about
equal in length to the leaves. 1/ . H. Native of Illinois and
other western parts, on overflowed banks of rivers. Monniera
rotundifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 22. Flowers small,
pale blue.
Round-leaved Herpestis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
creeping.
25 H. micra'ntha (Pursh, 1. c.) glabrous, succulent ; leaves
sessile, oval, obtuse, quite entire, striately nerved ; peduncles
shorter than the leaves; calyx 5-leaved ; style bifid. ©. H.
Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the banks of rivers to
the edge of low water mark. Flowers very small, white. This
species approaches near to Lindernia.
Small-flowered Herpestis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI.
creeping.
26 H. Monnie'ra (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
294. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 30.) creeping, glabrous ; leaves
cuneiform, quite entire, or toothed at apex ; flowers solitary,
opposite, on long pedicels, bibracteate under the apex. 1/ . S.
Native throughout India, China, and the Moluccas ; and through-
out North and South America, West Indies, Sandwich Islands,
&c. Grallola Monniera, Lin. amoen. acad. 4. p. 306. Jacq. obs.
bot. p. 4. t. 1. Roxb. cor. 2. p. 41. t. 178. fl. ind. ed. Car. 1. p.
141. Capraria Monniera, Roxb. in herb. Willd. no. 11526.
Gratiola portulacacea, Weinm. in syll. pi. nov. bot. zeit. 1. p.
222. Sims, bot. mag. 2557. Monniera Brownei, Pers. ench.
1. p. 166. Monniera cuneifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 22.
Herpestis cuneifolia, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 418. Herpestis
Brownei, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 42. Link, enum. 2. p. 142,
exclusive of synonymes. Herpdstis procumbens, Spreng. nov.
prov. p. 22. syst. 2. p. 803. Bramia I'ndica, Lam. diet. 1. p.
459. Calytriplex obovata, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 164.
— Ehrh. pict. t. 14. f. 2.— Browne, jam. 1. p. 296. t. 28. f. 1.
—Sloan, hist. 1. p. 203. t. 129. f. 1.— Rheed. mal. 10. p. 27.
t. 14. Outer segments of calyx ovate-oblong, acute, entire.
Corollas small, pale blue. The natives of India use the ex-
pressed juice of this species mixed with PetroUum to rub on
parts affected with rheumatic pains.
Mojinier's Herpestis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1772. PI.
creeping.
27 H. stellarioides (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p.
32.) glabrous ; stem erect, nearly simple, loose ; leaves sub-
tern, sessile, linear-lanceolate, obsoletely serrated at apex ;
peduncles axillary, equal in length to the leaves ; calyx bibracte-
ate : the larger segments ovate, obtuse, reticulated. If. S.
Native of Brazil, Sello. Leaves longer than the internodes,
about an inch long, rarely opposite, but usually 3 in a whorl,
half stem-clasping. Bracteas and calyx as in H. Monniera,
but the corolla is smaller, and more deeply cleft, and the seg-
ments are narrower and longer, oblong, obtuse.
4 A
546 SCROPHULARINEiE. XXXII. Mecardonia. XXXIII. Bramia. XXXIV. Spimrotheca. XXXV. Diceros.
Slichworl-like Herpestis. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
28 H. Morane'nsis (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
367.) creeping, glabrous; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse, obso-
letely and remotely denticulated at apex, rather fleshy ; pedun-
cles longer than the leaves, bibracteate under the calyx ; outer
segments of calyx ovate-oblong, bluntish, quite entire. 2/ . S.
Native of New Spain, between Mount Ventoso and the mines
of Moran, at the altitude of 1340 hexapods.
Moran Herpestis. PI. creeping.
29 H. TOMENTOSA (Schlccht, et Cham, in Linnaea, 5. p. 106.)
plant clothed with white wool, creeping, branched ; leaves spa-
tulate, elliptic, acutish, sessile, somewhat crenately serrated
towards the apex ; flowers axillary, sessile ; calyx bibracteate ;
bracteas and calycine segments linear-acuminated and acute.
%. S. Native of Vera Cruz, in sandy places.
Tomentose Herpestis. PI. creeping.
30 H. LANUGiNo'sA (Blum. bijdr. p. 747.) woolly; leaves
ovate, doubly crenated ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ;
calyx bibracteate. %. S. Native of humid places near
Sadjram.
Woolly Herpestis. PI. erect. ?
31 H. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 743.) stems procumbent,
rather villous ; leaves ovate, unequally crenated, smoothish, full
of depressed dots beneath ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyxes bi-
bracteate. 7/. S. Native of Java, in rice fields.
Java Herpestis. PI. procumbent.
32 H. si'atula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 743.) quite glabrous ;
leaves spatulate, obsoletely serrulated above ; peduncles longer
than the leaves ; calyx bibracteate. %.. S. Native of Java, in
bogs about Batavia and Buitenzorg.
SjMtulateAeayeCL Herpestis. PI. procumbent. ?
N.B. Herpestis floribuuda. Roth, nov. spec. 289, but not of
R. Br., and H. rugosa, Roth, 1. c. p. 290, do not belong to this
genus, or even probably to the order. They are, perhaps,
Acanthaceous plants.
Cull. Most of the species require to be grown in moist soil,
or in siiallow water. They are readily increased by separating
the rooted stems.
XXXII. MECARDO'NIA (namedafter Antonio Meca y Car-
dona, a Spanish botanist, and one of the founders of the botanic
garden of Barcelona.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 164.
Mart. nov. gen. 1. p. 16. t. 208.
Lin. sysT. Didi/ncimia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, un-
equal ; the 3 outer segments the largest, propped by adnate
twin bracteas. Corolla tubular ; limb short, sub-bilabiate, 5-
lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; anthers discrete.
Stigma oblique, subcapitate, on an incurved style. Capsule 2-
celled, completely 2-valved ; dissepiment placentiferous, at
length free ; valves parallel. — Small, herbaceous, decumbent
plants, with tetragonal stems, and opposite leaves on short
petioles; and axillary and terminal flowers. This genus is
nearly allied to Herpestis and Morgania.
1 M. pusiLLA (Mart. pi. bras. 1. p. 16. t. 208.) leaves lance-
olate, or broad-lanceolate, obsoletely serrated. '2^. S. Native
of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Paul and Bahia, in sandy
desert fields.
Least Mecardonia. PI. decumbent.
2 M. ova'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. veg. per. p. 164.) leaves
ovate, serrated. 1^. S. Native of Peru.
Owaie-leaved Mecardonia. PL decumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpestis above.
XXXIII. BRA'MIA {Brami is the Malabar name of Her-
pestis Monniera, according to Rheed. mal. 10. p. 27. t. 14.)
but not of Lam. nor Mart. Herpestis, Mart. pi. bras. 3. p.
13, but not of Gaertn. and R. Br. Melia, Vand.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx unequal ; the
3 outer segments the broadest, and subcordate : the 2 inner ones
keeled. Corolla ringent, bilabiate ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower
lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers discrete. Ova-
rium girded by a long, toothed disk. Stigma bifid. Capsule
2-celled ; dissepiment placentiferous ; valves bipartite. — Herbs
with opposite leaves. Peduncles axillary, bibracteate.
1 B. lanIgera; 1/. S. Native of tropical Brazil, Sello.
Herpestis lanigera, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaa, 2. p. 572.
Veronica rotundifolia Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 67. Stem
creeping, woolly. Leaves sessile, ovate, orbicular, entire,
feather-nerved ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves and
longer, bibracteate under the calyx.
Wool-bearing Bramia. PI. creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpestis, above.
XXXIV. SPHjEROTHE^CA (from (TTraipa, i;jrt»-a, a sphere ;
and 6r]Kr], thelce, a case, or sheath, in reference to the globular
capsule.) Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaa, 2. p. 608.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosjiermia. Calyx deeply 5-
parted, equal, permanent. Corolla tubular ; limb unequal, 5-
lobed, bilabiate ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower one stretched out,
and 3-lobed ; lobes entire, obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous,
inclosed ; filaments filiform, glabrous, short, inserted a little
beneath the throat : lower ones the longest ; anthers 2-celled,
roundish, rautic, naked, approximating by pairs. Style in-
closed ; stignia bilamellate. Capsule globose, 2-celled, dehiscino-
slowly at the dissepiment, as also in the middle of the cells,
and, therefore, the capsule appears 4-valved ; dissepiment
wholly placentiferous Seeds numerous, minute, oblong, an-
gular, striated, and as if they were foveolate. — Glabrous herbs
with opposite dotted leaves ; axillary, 1 -flowered peduncles, and
bibracteate calyxes.
1 S. scorARioiDES (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 606.) Tf.. H.
Native of equinoctial Brazil. Root creeping. ? Stem tetra-
gonal, erect, ornamented with flowers and leaves from the base
to the apex, as well as the branches. Leaves lanceolate, acute,
obsoletely, unequally, and sharply serrated, feather-nerved, 2
inches long ; margins and teeth cartilaginous ; petioles short.
Flowers small. Segments of calyx linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved.
Corollas small, downy outside, bluish in the dried state.
Scoparia-like Sjjhserotheca. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpestis above.
XXXV. DI'CEROS (from Bie, dis, twice ; and stpoe, keros,
a horn ; in reference to the bicornute anthers.) Lour. coch. p.
381. Blum, bijdr. p. 751.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx bractless, 5-
parted, equal. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb bilabiate, some-
times nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments ascend-
ing : longer ones callous at the base ; cells of anthers diverging,
conniving in a cruciate manner. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule
nearly globose, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves undivided ; dissepi-
ment parallel ; placentas adnate to the dissepiment.- — Herbs
with opposite leaves, and with generally terminal racemes of
flowers.
Sect 1. Corolla subcampanulate ; limb 4-lobed, nearly equal.
1 D. Cochinchine'nsis (Lour. coch. p. 381.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, fleshy, glabrous ; peduncles
solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, villous. 1/. G. Native of Cochin-
china, in marshy places. Root creeping. Flowers pale violet.
1
SCROPHULARINEiE. XXXVI. Loxopiiyllum. XXXVII. Matourea. XXXVIII. Caconapea. XXXIX. Ranaria, S:c. 547
Corolla campanulate ; segments of the limb cordate, one of tliem
larger than the otliers. Stigma spoon-shaped, inflexed.
Cockiiichiiia Diceros. PI. 1 foot.
Sect.
Limb of corolla bilabiate : upper lip emarginale :
lower lip 3-lubed.
2 D. latifo'lius (Blume, bijdr. p. 752.) leaves opposite,
nearly sessile, elliptic, obtuse, cuneated at the base, bluntly
toothed, rather scabrous ; racemes terminal, elongated ; stem
nearly simple. IJ . ? S. Native of Java, in humid places on
the mountains.
Broad-leaved Diceros. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
3 D. monta^nus (Blum, bijdr. p. 752.) leaves opposite, ovate,
bluntly tootiied, rather pilose on both sides, as well as the stem ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, sub-umbellate, 3-5-flovvered. 1^.?
S. Native of Java, on !\Iount Salak.
Momtain Diceros. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
4 D. glanduliferus (Blum, bijdr. p. 752.) downy ; leaves
opposite, sessile, ovate, obtuse, crenulated ; raceme terminal,
clothed with glandular hairs. 1^. ? S. Native of Java, in
grassy places near Buitenzorg, and about Batavia.
Gland-bearing Diceros. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
5 D. c.EswTo'sus (Blum, bijdr. p. 753.) downy ; leaves ses-
sile, opposite, ovate, serrulated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, usually
solitary, extra-axillary. 2/ , ? S. Native of Java, in the west-
ern provinces, among grass. There is a pilose and a glabrous
variety of this species.
Tufted Diceros. PI. tufted.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpestis, p. 546.
XXXVI. LOXOPHY'LLUM (from Xo^oc, loxos, a bow,
and <l>v\\oi', phijllon, a leaf; in reference to the oblique leaves.)
Blum, bijdr. p. 750.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx bilabiate ;
lip 3-parted : lower lip bipartite. Corolla bilabiate ; tube ven-
tricose : upper lip erect, emarginate : lower one larger, trifid,
equal ; throat papillose. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted ;
anthers connected. Style inclosed ; stigma obtuse, emai'ginate.
Capsule globose, 2-celled, 4-valved ; placenta central, 4-parted,
at length free. — Herb downy, with a branched, nodose stem.
Leaves alternate, the opposite ones being stipular, oblong, ob-
lique ; peduncles racemose, axillary. — This genus differs from
Conbbea in the calyx being bilabiate, but the structure of the
fruit and anthers are similar, as well as the habit.
1 L. RACEMo'suM (Blum. bijdr. p. 751.) l!/.? S. Native of
Java, among stones at the foot of Mount Menari, in the province
of Buitenzorg.
A'cicemoie-flowered Loxophyllum. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see HerpSitis, p. 546.
XXXVII. MATOU'REA (the meaning of this word is not
explained by Aublel.) Aubl. guian. 2. p. 641. t. 253.
LiN. SYST. Didyndmia, Angiospermia. Calyx 4-parted.
Corolla tubular, incurved ; limb bilabiate : upper one erect,
bifid : lower one deflexed, trifid, unequal. Stamens didyna-
mous. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule 1 -celled, ex Aubl., but
probably 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ; placenta central,
seminiferous. Seeds minute. — Herbs with tetragonal, nodose
branches, and opposite leaves, and axillary, almost solitary
flowers.
1 M. nigre'scens (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 16.) glabrous ; stem
erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish, toothed towards the
apex. y . H. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in
ditches and wet places. Gratiola acuminata, Walt. fl. carol, p.
61. Ell. fl. carol, p. 15. Gerardia cuneifolia, Pursh, fl. amer.
2. p. 422. Flowers large, pale yellow. ? Calyx 5-parted.
Blackish Matourea. PI. 1 to U foot.
2 M. prate'nsis (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 642. t. 259. under M.
Guianensis.) leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute, crenated.
0. S. Native of the Island of Trinidad, and of Brazil, on
road-sides. Vandellia pratensis, Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 48. Willd.
spec. 3. p. 343. Tupeicavi, Pis. bras. 249. Corollas blue.
Meadow Matourea. PI. 2 feet.
3 M. ? DU BiA ; leaves lanceolate, acutely serrated, attenuated
at the base, and somewhat auricled ; flowers nearly sessile, sub-
spicate. l^: . G. Native of Buenos Ayres. Gratiola tetragona.
Hook. bot. mag. t. 3134. Flowers blue.
Z)o«i(/'M/ Matourea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1830. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpestis, p. 546.
XXXVIII. CACONATEA (meaning unknown to us.) Cham,
et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 8. p. 28.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, un-
equal ; upper segment the largest. Corolla tubular : limb 4-
cleft, bilabiate: upper lip shorter, emarginate: lower one
trifid, equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; anthers round-
ish, 2-celled, emarginate at the base. Stigma compressedly
bilamellate, bent a little forward. Capsule cylindrical, inclosed,
2-celled, 4-valved ; dissepiment separating slowly from the
inflexed valves. — An herb with the habit of Gratiola amara.
Leaves opposite, decussate, quite entire, full of pellucid or glan-
dular dots. Flowers small, in axillary contracted cymes, falsely
verticillate. Calyx bibracteate.
1 C. GRATioLoiDES (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 29.) 2/ . ? S,
Native of Brazil, Sello ; Bahia, Lhotski, in marshes. Plant
glabrous, or rather pilose on the midrib and margins of the
leaves. Stem purplish. Leaves complicate, linear, or linear-
lanceolate, acute, longer than the internodes. Bracteas setaceous.
Gratiola-like Caconapea. PI. Ig to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpestis, p. 546.
XXXIX. RANA'RIA (from rana, a frog, in allusion to the
habitation of the plant, in inundated places.) Cham, et Schlecht,
in Linnsea, 8. p. 30.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted ;
segments of equal length ; outer 3 the broadest. Corolla ven-
tricosely tubular ; limb 4-cleft, nearly equal. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, almost erect ; anthers sagittate, obtuse within the
throat ; cells elliptic. Stigma capitellately emarginate. Cap-
sule inclosed, 4-valved ; dissepiment membranous, thin, free,
seminiferous at the axis. — A small, marsh, creeping herb.
Leaves opposite, decussate, quite entire, full of pellucid dots.
Flowers small, axillary, fascicled, on short pedicels. Calyx
bibracteate ; bracteas minute.
1 R. monnierioIdes (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p.
31.) IJ. S. Native of Brazil, in inundated places, Sello.
Leaves half stem-clasping, from ovate, scarcely subcordate,
narrowed at the base, bluntish, rather fleshy, shorter than the
internodes.
Monniera-Uke Ranaria. PI. creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpestis, p. 546.
XL. VANDE'LLIA (so named by P. Browne, in honour
of Dominico Vandelli, professor of natural history at Lisbon.)
Lin. mant. p. 89. Schreb. gen. no. 1040. Juss. gen. p. 122.
4 A 2
548
SCROPHULARINE^. XL. Vandellia.
ed. Usteri. p. 136. Lam. ill. t. 522. f. 4. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 35.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosj>crmia. Calyx tubular, or
campanulate, nearly equal, 5-toothed, or 5-paited. Corolla
with an exserted tube, and a 5-cleft, bilabiate limb; upper lip
the shortest. Stamens 4, didynamous : tlie 2 superior ones
short ; filaments entire : the 2 lower ones inserted at the base
of the lower lip ; filaments elongated, arched, furnished with a
tooth-formed or filiform appendage each at the base ; anthers
cohering by pairs, 3-celled ; cells diverging or divaricate, con-
fluent at apex. Style simple ; stigma flattened, bilamellate, or
simple. ? Capsule globose, oblong, or linear, 2-valved ; valves
entire, membranous, with flat margins ; dissepiment parallel,
plaeentiferous, at length free. — Glabrous or hairy herbs, some-
times with the habit of species of Torenia, and sometimes with
the habit of species o^ Bonnaya. Stems tetragonal. Leaves op-
posite, usually toothed. Flowers axillary, opposite, or fasci-
cled : the upper ones generally racemose.
5 1. Brack yca'rp.e (from fipayvQ, brachys, short ; and Kap-
TToc, karpos, a fruit.) Benth. scroph. ind. p. 35. Capsule
nearly globose, or ovate-oblong, shorter than the calyx, or
hardly longer.
* Calyx 5-toothed before florescence. Capsule sho)ter than
the calyx.
1 V. OBLONGA (Benth. scroph. ind. p. .35.) glabrous, erectish ;
leaves oblong, or lanceolate, narrowed at the base, quite entire,
thickish ; peduncles few, elongated, subracemose ; calyx tubular,
almost equally 5-toothed, or semiquinquefid ; capsule globose,
shorter than the calyx. ©. H. Native of China, near Macao,
Vachell.
Oblong-XesMeA Vandellia. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
2 V. MOLLUGiNoiDES (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-oblong, cuneated at the base, with scabrous mar-
gins ; peduncles stiff", fascicled, hardly longer than the calyx ; calyx
narrowed at the base, 5-toothed at apex, at length cleft irregu-
larly ; capsule ovate-oblong, shorter than the calyx. ©. ? S.
Native of the Birman Empire. Torenia molluginoldes, Benth.
in Wall. cat. no. 39G0. Calyxes stiff", 2 lines long. Corolla a
little longer.
Mollugo-like Vandellia. PI. i to 1 foot.
3 V. a'lba (Benth. 1. c.) diff"use, nearly glabrous; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, rounded at the base, or cuneated ; pedun-
cles slender, fascicled, much longer than the calyx ; calyx slen-
der, somewhat 5-toothed at apex, at length hardly cleft ; cap-
sule oblong, shorter than the calyx. ©. ? S. Native of the
East Indies, at Nathpur. Torenia alba, Hamilt. in Wall. cat.
no. 3961.
/r/H/e-flowered Vandellia. PI. creeping.
4 V. crusia'cea (Benth. 1. c.) diff'use, glabrous; leaves
ovate ; peduncles axillary, or subracemose, 2-3 times as long as
the calyx ; calyx 5-toothed before florescence, but at length
becoming 5-parted, exceeding the ovate capsule. ©. S. Na-
tive throughout India ; in the Peninsula ; at Macao in China ;
and at Saliarumpur. Capraria Crustacea, Lin. mant. p. 87.
Torenia Crustacea, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 2. p. 570.
Gratiola lucida, Roxb. cor. 3. p. 2. t. 202. H. ind. ed. Car. 1. p.
138. Morgania ICicida, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 802. Torenia liaci-
da, Hamilt. in Wall. cat. no. 3962. Gratiola aspera. Roth,
nov. spec. p. 11. Hornemannia ovata. Link, et Otto, abbild. 1.
t. 9. Tittmannia ovata, Rchb. icon. exot. 1. p. 27. An-
tirrhinum hexandrum, Forster, prod. p. 43. no. 235. — Rheed.
mal. 9. p. 113. t. 58. Morgania aspera, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
803. Caly.K 2 to 2^ lines long. Corolla deep blue.
Crustaceous Vandellia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI.
trailing.
* * Calyx 5-parted before florescence. Capsule shorter than
the calyx.
5 V. EBECTA (Benth. 1. c. p. 36.) erectish, glabrous ; leaves
nearly sessile, ovate or oblong, narrowed at the base ; peduncles
axillary or racemose, 2-5 times as long as the calyx ; calyx 5-
parted, or deeply 5-cleft before florescence ; segments of the
calyx lanceolate, membranous, exceeding the capsule, which is
ovate. ©. S. Native of India ; as of the Peninsula, Deyra
Doon, Munghyr, Nipaul, Silhet, Birman Empire, &c. Tittman-
nia trichotoma, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3943. Very nearly
allied to V. cruslcicea, but distinct.
Erect Vandellia. PI. 1 foot.
6 V. ela"ta (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous, or sparingly pilose ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, subcovdate at the base ; pedicels race-
mose, at length hardly twice the length of calyxes ; calyx 5-
parted before florescence ; segments lanceolate-subulate, ex-
ceeding the ovate capsule. ©. S. Native of the Birman Em-
pire, at Tavoy, Wall. Tittmannia elata, Benth. in Wall. cat.
no. 3942.
Tall Vandellia. PI. i foot.
7 V. hirsu'ta (Hamilt. mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 36.)
hairy ; leaves ovate : lower ones petiolate, narrowed at the
base : superior ones nearly sessile, cordate at the base ; pedicels
racemose, at length 2-3 times as long as the calyx ; calyx 2-
parted before florescence ; segments lanceolate, subulate, ex-
ceeding the nearly globose capsule. ©. H. Native of India,
at Goalpara, Silhet, Peninsula, and Ava. Tittmannia ovata,
Benth. in. Wall. cat. no. 3942. but not of Rchb. Gratiola vis-
cosa, Horn. hort. hafn. p. 19. Hornemmannia viscosa, Willd.
enum. p. 654. Tittmannia viscosa, Rchb. icon. hot. exot. 1. p.
26. t. 38. Corolla blue.
Hairy Vandellia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI, 4 foot.
8 V. sca'bra (Benth. 1. c.) diffuse, hairy, or almost glabrous ;
leaves nearly sessile, broad-ovate, subcordate at the base, or
rounded ; peduncles axillary or racemose, 2-5 times as long as
the calyx ; calyx 5-parted before florescence : segments lanceo-
late, exceeding the nearly globose capsule. ©. S. Native of
the Indian Peninsula, and at Tavoy ; and of the Island of Luf on.
Torenia hirta, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 2. p. 36. Titt-
mannia pusilla, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3945. exclusive of letter
C. Tittmannia sulcata, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3946. Habit
of V. Crustacea ; but the plant, and especially the calyx, becomes
black on drying. It is also like Bonnaya rolundfuUa, but dif-
fers in the inflorescence and stamens.
Scabrous Vandellia. PI. diff"use, -1 to 1 foot.
9 V. la'xa (Benth. 1. c.) diffuse, hairy; leaves nearly sessile,
rounded at the base, or subcordate ; pedicels axillary or race-
mose, 2-3 times as long as the calyx ; calyx 5-parted before
florescence ; segments subulate, very hairy, exceeding the cap-
sule, which is nearly globose. ©. S. Native of the Peninsula
of India, Wight. Perhaps only a variety of V. scabra, but the
habit and calyx are distinct.
Loose Vandellia. PI. diffuse, | foot.
10 V. MOLLIS (Benth. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves nearly sessile,
oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, clothed with soft villi ; pedi-
cels axillary or racemose, 2-4 times as long as the calyx ; calyx
5-parted before florescence, very hairy, with subulate segments,
exceeding the capsule, which is oblong. ©. S. Native of Sil-
het. Tittmannia hirta, Benth. in Wall, cat, no. 3948. Seg-
ments of calyx at length 4 lines long, but in most of the other
SCROPHULARINE^. XL. Vandellia. XLI. Ellobum. XLII. Artanema.
549
species contained in the present section hardly more than 2 lines
long.
Soft Vandellia. PI. \ to 1 foot.
* * * Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Capsule ovate, a little longer
than the calyx.
11 V. sessiliflora (Benth. 1. c.) leaves nearly sessile, round-
ish, subcordate at the base ; flowers sessile, fascicled ; calyx 5-
toothed, at length cleft a little ; capsule oblong, exceeding the
calyx a little. Q. S. Native of the Birman Empire, at Mount
Taong Dong, Wall. Torenia sessiliflora, Benth. in Wall. cat.
no. 3959.
Sessde-flowered Vandellia. PI. \ foot.
12 V. Ml NiMA (Royle, mss. ex Benth. I.e.) small, simple, erect,
nearly glabrous ; leaves almost sessile, rounded at the base, sub-
cordate ; flowers sessile, fascicled ; calyx semiquinquefid ; cap-
sule ovate, exceeding the calyx. ©. S. Native of Mussooree,
Royle.
Least Vandellia. PI. small.
13 V. NUMMULARi^EFOLiA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 86.?
Benth. scroph. ind. p. 37.) erect, branched; leaves nearly ses-
sile, rounded ; peduncles axillary, subfasciculate, 1-flovvered or
branched ; capsule ovate or oblong, about twice as long as the
calyx. ©. S. Native of Nipaul, Wall. Mussooree, Royle.
Flowers small.
Money-Kort-leaved Vandellia. PL \ foot.
§ 2. SiLiQLos^ (from siliqua, a long pod ; in reference to the
elongated capsules.) Capsule oblong-linear, longer than the
calyx.
14 V. DiFFu'sA(Lin. mant. p. 89. Benth. 1. c.) diffuse, downy ;
leaves broad-ovate, nearly sessile ; flowers axillary, almost
sessile ; calyx subquinquefid, one half shorter than the capsule,
which is oblong. ©. S. Native of Brazil, Mauritius, and the
Peninsula of India; Islands of Montserrat and Santa Cruz.
Gratiola origanifolia, Vahl, enura. 1. p. 99.? Bonnaya origani-
folia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 42. — Marcgr. bras. t. 32. f. 1. Habit
of Veronica serj^yllifolia. Corolla white.
Diffuse Vandellia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL diffiise.
15 V. peduncula'ta (Benth. L c.) smoothish, loosely pro-
cumbent ; leaves ovate ; pedicels axillary, solitary, elongated ;
calyx 5-parted, about one half shorter than the capsule, which is
oblong-linear. Q.S. Native of the Peninsula of India ; Cey-
lon, Silhet, &c. Tittmannia grandiflora, Benth. in Wall. cat.
no. 3949. Hardly distinguishable from Bonnaya grandiflora.
Pedunculate-Rowered Vandellia. PL procumbent.
IC V. AXGUSTiFOLiA (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous, loosely diffiise ;
leaves oblong-linear ; pedicels axillary, elongated ; calyx 5-
parted, one half shorter than the capsule, which is oblong-linear.
©. S. Native of Nipaul, Wall. ; at Nathpur, Hamilt. Titt-
mannia angustifolia, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3951.
Narrow-leaved Vandellia. PL diffuse, 1 foot.
•f Species hardly known.
17 V. cham.e'drys ; stem dichotomous, rather pilose ; leaves
ovate, obtuse, tapering into the petioles, 3-nerved, coarsely and
bluntly serrated, ciliated ; peduncles longer than the leaves ;
calyx obsoletely pentagonal, 5-cleft, length of capsule, which is
roundish. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Gratiola cha-
msedrys. Roth. nov. spec. p. 10. Flowers axillary at the tops
of the branches. Calycine teeth acuminated, obtuse. Perhaps
a species of Slemudia ?
Germander Vandellia. PL diffuse.
18 V. coRDiEOLiA ; leaves subcordate-ovate, petiolate, cre-
nated ; peduncles axillary; stems prostrate. ©.? S. Native
of tlie East Indies, in humid grassy places. Gratiola cordifolia,
Konig. in Vahl, enum, 1. p. 97. Bonnaya cordifolia, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 42. Stems quite simple, I5 foot long. Ujjper leaves
sessile, half a foot long : lower ones smaller, remote. Pedun-
cles one half longer than the leaves. Segments of calyx linear.
Corolla white, with a yellow throat. Capsule subulate, one half
longer than the calyx.
Heart-leaved Vandellia, PL prostrate.
19 V. sTRiGOSA ; stems dichotomous, and are, as well as the
alternate divaricate branches, strigose ; leaves opposite, ovate,
acutish, running into the petioles, serrulated, glabrous ; racemes
terminal, nearly naked, loose ; capsule ovate, acuminated, a
little higher than the calyx. ©. S. Native of the East Indies.
Gratiola strigosa. Roth, nov. spec. p. 12. Morgknia strigosa,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 803. Flowers small. Pedicels filiform, fur-
nished with a minute, ovate, obtuse bractea each at the base.
Calyx 5-parted almost to t!;e base, glabrous ; segments linear-
lanceolate, acute, unequal : upper one longer and narrower than
the rest.
Strigose Vandellia. PL diffuse.
20 V. Roxbu'rghii ; annual, diffuse ; leaves sessile, cordate,
serrated ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles ; calyx 5-parted ;
superior filaments with a sterile branch. ©. S. Native of
Coromandel, where it appears during the rainy season. Van-
dellia diffusa, Willd. spec. 3. p. 343. but not of Lin. ? Torenia
diffiisa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 95.
Roxburgh's Vandellia. PL diffuse.
21 V. va'rians ; annual, erect, 4-sided, smooth; leaves op-
posite, petiolate, cordate-ovate, serrated ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary ; calyx 5-toothed; corolla ringent ; longer filaments with
a sterile branch. ©. S. Native of Coromandel and Bengal,
where it appears during the rainy season. Torenia varians,
Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 96.
Varying Vandellia. PL erect.
22 V. MULTiFLORA ; annual, erect, 4-sided, smooth ; leaves
opposite, oblong, subserrated ; flowers terminal ; calyx 5-part-
ed ; corolla bilabiate ; superior filaments with a sterile branch ;
capsule ovate. ©. S. Native of Bengal, appearing in the
rainy and cool season. Torenia multiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 3.
p. 96.
Many-Jlorvercd Vandellia. PL erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Masus, p. 542.
XLI. ELLO'BUM (meaning not explained by M. Blume.)
Blum, bijdr, p. 746.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted,
equal. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip re-
tuse : lower one 3-lobed, larger ; middle lobe narrower. Sta-
mens 4, didynamous, exserted ; anthers 2-celled, connected,
mutic. Stigma obtuse, emarginate. Capsule silique-formed,
subulate, 2-celled, many-seeded. — A radicant pilose herb, with
opposite, petiolate, ovate, serrated leaves ; and axillary, few-
flowered racemes ; fructiferous pedicels recurved.
1 E. monta'num (Blum, bijdr. p. 747.) 1/. S. Native
of Java, in the province of Bantam, among the mountains.
Mountain Ellobum. PL creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpeslis, p. 546.
XLII. ARTANE'MA (from apraw, artao, to append; and
vrjua, nema, a filament ; and is intended to desiijnate the struc-
ture of the stamens.) D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 234.
Benth. scroph. ind. 39. — Diceros species, Pers. Benth. — Ar-
chimenes species, Vahl. — Coliimnea species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted,
550
SCROPHULARINE^. XLII. Artanema. XLIII. Torenia.
nearly equal. Corolla funnel-shaped or eampanulate ; limb
4-clert, sub-bilabiate ; upper segment broader ; tube furnished
with 4 scales inside. Stamens 4, didynamous : the 2 upper
ones short, with entire filaments : and the 2 lower ones inserted
at the base of the lower lip, witii elongated arched filaments,
which are furnished each with a short blunt appendage ; anthers
cohering by pairs : with divaricate confluent cells. Capsule
nearly globose, 2-valved ; valves entire, with flat edges ; disse-
piment parallel, placentiferous, at length free. — Glabrous herbs,
with the habit of Sisamum ; and with the character almost of
Torenia. Stems tetragonal. Leaves opposite, subserrated.
Flowers disposed in terminal racemes, opposite, on short pedi-
cels. Corollas generally blue.
1 A. fimbria'ta (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. 234.) leaves
lanceolate, acute, serrated ; corolla large, tubularly funnel-
shaped ; calycine segments lanceolate, mucronulate ; bracteas
ovate. %. G. Native of New Holland, on the banks of the
Brisbane river at Moreton Bay. Torenia? fimbriata, Graham,
in edinb. phil. journ. sept. 1831. Torenia scabra, Graham, in
bot. mag. 3104. Racemes terminal, 4-16-flowered. Corolla
large, blue, clothed with minute glandular pubescence outside ;
lobes of corolla unequally serrated. Stem smooth, glossy.
Leaves rough to the touch from numerous elevated dots.
i^rag-erf-flowered Artanema. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1830. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
2 A. ANGUSTitoLiA (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 39.) leaves nar-
row-lanceolate ; corollas nearly funnel-shaped, twice the length
of the calyx. 11 . S. Native of Singapore. Diceros angusti-
folius, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3885.
Narrow-leaved Artanema. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 A. sesamoi'des (Benth. I.e.) leaves oblong or ovate-lanceo-
late ; corollas subeampanulate, twice the length of the calyx.
~tl . S. Native of the Peninsula of India. Coliimnea longifolia,
Lin. mant. p. 90. Archiraenes sesamoides, Vahl, symb. 2. p.
71. Scsamum Javanicum, Burm. ind. p. 133. Retz, obs. 4.
p. 28. Diceros longifolius, Pers. ench. 2. p. 164. Blum, bijdr.
p. 751.— Rheed. mal. 9. p. 169. t. 87.
Sesamum-l'ihe Artanema. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cull. The species grow freely in light rich soil, and are rea-
dily increased by cuttings.
XLIII. TORE^NIA (so named by Linnseus after Olof Toreen,
a Swedish clergyman, who discovered T. Asialica, with other
plants, in China. His voyage to Suratte, China, &c. from 1750
to 1752, is printed with Osbeck's Voyage to China.) Lin. gen.
no. 754. Schreb. gen. no. 1011. Juss. gen. p. 122. ed.
Usteri, p. 136. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 38. Lam. ill. 523.
f. 1.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperm'ia. Calyx tubular, pli-
cate, obliquely 5-tooihed or bilabiate ; lips 2-3-toothed. Corolla
ringent ; upper lip bifid : lower one trifid ; segments almost
flat. Stamens 4, didynamous : the 2 upper ones short, with
entire filaments : the 2 lower ones inserted at the base of the
lower lip ; with arched elongated filaments, which are each fur-
nished with a tooth-formed or filiform appendage at the base ;
anthers approximating or cohering by pairs, 2-celled : cells
diverging or divaricate, confluent at apex. Style simple.
Stigma flattened, bilamellate or simple '! Capsule oblong,
shorter than the calyx, 2-valved ; valves entire, with flat mar-
gins ; dissepiment parallel, placentiferous, at length free. —
Branched, glabrous, or villous herbs, diffuse at the base.
Stems tetragonal. Leaves opposite, usually toothed. Flowers
axillary, ojiposite, or fascicled, sometimes racemose.
1 T. RACEM^SA (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3957. B. C. scroph.
ind. p. 38.) hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, wrinkled ; flowers oppo-
site, racemose ; corolla more than a half longer than the calyx.
%. S. Native of Silhet and Penang. Fructiferous calyx 7-S
lines long. Corollas blue.
Racemose-^oweved Torenia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 T. FLA~VA (Hamilt. in Wall. cat. no. 3957. Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 38.) rather hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, wrin-
kled ; flowers opposite, racemose ; corolla hardly exceeding the
calyx. %. S. Native at Goalpara, Hamilt. Fructiferous calyx
6-7 lines long. Corolla yellow.
Te//oj!)-flowered Torenia. PI. 1 foot.
3 T. Asia'tica (Lin. spec. p. 862. amoen. 3. p. 25. Lam.
ill. t. 523. f. 1.) leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate; peduncles
axillary, subfisciculate ; corolla twice the length of the calyx,
which is oblong, and attenuated at the base. %. S. Native
throughout India, especially in the mountainous parts. Benth.
scroph. ind. p. 38. T. cordifolia, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3945.
but not of Roxb. T. diffusa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 86. T.
peduncularis, Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3956. T. alba, Hamilt.
ex Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3961. T. hians, and T. vagans,
Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 96. T. hirsiata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 266. Gra-
tiola alata, Roxb. fl. ind. ed. Car. 1. p. 137. ? Bonnaya alata,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 41. Henckelia alata. Link et Schweegr. et
Dietr. spec. pi. 1. p. 573. — Rheed. mal. 9. p. 103. t. 53. —
Plukn. am.alth. 85. t. 373. f. 2. This species varies in hairiness,
form of leaves, and size of corollas, as it now stands ; but there
are probably several species confused under the name. The
original plant is said to have been quite glabrous. Fructiferous
calyx 8-10 lines long. Calyx 5-winged. Stems creeping, 1
foot.
Asiatic Torenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 T. obtu'sa (Blum, bijdr. p. 754.) stem creeping ; leaves
nearly sessile, ovate, bluntish, obsoletely and repandly serrated,
smoothish; peduncles axillary, terminal, 1 -flowered ; upper lip
of corolla obtuse; capsule longer than the calyx. If.. S. Na-
tive of the western provinces of Java, in humid places.
Obtuse-leaved Torenia. PI. creeping.
5 T. minu'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 755.) stem creeping ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate, setaceously serrated, subciliated ; pe-
duncles axillary and terminal, 1 -flowered ; superior lip of co-
rolla emarginate ; capsule equal in length to the calyx. 1/. S.
Native of Java, in humid grassy places about Buitenzorg. —
Rheed. mal. 10. t. SO. Said by Blume to be allied to T. hir-
suta.
Minute Torenia. Fl. Year. PI. creeping.
6 T. CORDIFOLIA (Roxb. cor. 2. p. 32. t. 161.) leaves ovate-
cordate ; peduncles axillary, subfascicled, or solitary ; corollas
about twice the length of the calyx, which is ovate and rounded
at the base. 1/ . S. Native of the Circars, Roxb. ; Mus-
sooree, Royle. Fructiferous calyx broadly winged, hardly 4
lines long. Corollas bluish purple. Plant rather hairy.
Cordate-leaved Torenia. PI. l foot.
7 T. PARviFLORA (Hamilt. in Wall. cat. no. 3958.) leaves
ovate ; flowers axillary, somewhat fascicled ; corolla hardly ex-
ceeding the linear calyxes, which is attenuated at the base. %. 1
S. Native at Goalpara, Hamilt. ; Birman Empire, Wall. ; and
of Brazil, near Bahia and Rio Janeiro ; and in the Mauritius
and INIadagascar. Nortenia Thouarsii, Cham, et Schlecht, in
Linnaja, 3. p. 18. Torenia pedunculata, Willd. herb. no.
11547. Torenia veronicsefolia, Willd. herb. no. 11546.
Small-Jlowered Torenia. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
8 T. polygonoi'des (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 39.) procumbent ;
leaves roundish ; peduncles axillary, umbellately 3-4-flowered ;
calyx eampanulate, broadly 3-winged ; tube of corolla shortly
exserted. — Native of Singapore. Herpestis polygonoides,
Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3897.
SCROPHULARINE^. XLIV. Heterantha. XtV. Lindernia. XLVI. Limosella.
551
Polygonum-liJce Tovenia. PI. procumbent.
9 T. sca'bra (R. Br. prod. p. 440.) leaves lanceolate-ovate,
serrated, scabrous; stem erect, pubescent; calyx 5-tootlied,
equal. %. S. Native of New Holland, witbiii the tropic.
Tittmannia scabra, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 800.
Scabrous Torenia. PI. ?
10 T. fla'ccida (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves broad-ovate, obtuse,
crenated, and are, as well as the stem, glabrous ; peduncles 3-4
times longer than the flowers. %. S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic.
Flaccid Torenia. PI. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Heiyeslh, p. 546.
XLIV. HETERA'NTHA (from hzpoc, heteros, variable;
and cndoc, antlws, a flower ; flowers variable.) Nees et Mart,
in nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 42. t. 3. Vrolikia polygaloides, Spreng.
syst. 3. p. 165. and 4. p. 222.
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Angiospermia. Calyx membranous,
campanulate, 5-clert. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip smaller, ob-
long, entire : lower one broader, concave, 3-lobed ; middle lobe
larger and emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous ; antliers cor-
date ; cells contiguous ; lobes of the upper ones clasping the
style. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, with a septicidal dehiscence.
Placentas fixed to the middle of the dissepiment. — .\ perennial
creeping plant, with ascending branches. Branches terete,
downy from fascicles of small hairs. Leaves alternate, nearly
orbicular, obtuse, with a small point, quite entire, running into
the petioles, rather hairy. Flowers disposed in simple, erect,
subsecund, naked racemes, rising from the upper internodes, ex-
trafoliaceous. Calyx blue. Corolla vi'hite. Capsule ovate, a
little compressed, acute, smooth, white.
1 H. DEcipiENs (Mart. 1. c. p. 42.) %. S. Native of Bra-
zil, on the road to Felisbert.
Deceiving Heterantha. PI. | creeping at the base.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpistis, p. 546.
XLV. LINDE'RNIA (so named by AUioni, from Franc.
Balthasar a Lindern, physician at Strastjurgh, author of " Hor-
tus Alsaticus." 1747.) AUion. misc. taur. 3. p. 178. t. 5.
pedem. no. 203. Sehreb. gen. no. 1031. Lin. mant. p. 141.
Juss. gen. p. 122. 540. ed. Usteri, p. 137. Lam. ill. t. 522.
f. 3. R. Br. prod. p. 440.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Angiospermia. Caly.x 5-parted,
equal. Corolla ringent ; upper lip retuse : lower one trifid, bi-
carinated at the base. Stamens didynamous ; lower filaments
bifid ; anthers cohering by pairs. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule
2-celled, 2 valved ; valves entire; dissepiment parallel, free,
placentiferous. — Slender herbs. Leaves opposite. Peduncles
axillary and terminal, bractless, deflexed while bearing the
fruit, but upright after the dehiscence of the capsule.
§ 1. Ve'r^:. Filaments 4, all fertile, 2 longer ones forked.
1 pyxida'ria (Lin. syst. p. 475.) leaves oblong-ovate, quite
entire, 3-nerved, sessile; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; stems
procumbent. 0. H. Native of Alsatia, Silesia, Germany,
Carintiiia, Piedmont, &c., in bogs. Lam. ill. t. 522. Pyxi-
daria repens annua, flosculis monopetalis unilabiatis, Lindern.
als. 1. p. 152. t. 1. and 2. p. 267. Capraria gratioloides, Lin.
spec. 876. Anagalloides procumbens, Krok. siles. 2. no. 1001.
t. 26. Peduncles shorter than the leaves; but the upper ones
are usually longer. Corolla pale purple.
Pyxidaria Lindernia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1789. PI. pro-
cumbent.
2 L. Kitaibe'lii ; lower leaves obovate : superior ones ob-
long-ovate, all obtuse and quite entire, nerveless ; peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered, exceeding the leaves; stem creeping. ©.
H. Native of Pannonia, in marshes. Gratiola inundata. Kit.
in Schultz, austr. fl. 2. p. 32. Spreng. pug. 1. p. 1 . Leaves
3, nerved beneath. Perhaps the same as Lindernia pyxidaria.
KilaibeVs Lindernia. PI. creeping.
3 L. alsinoi'des (R. Br. prod. p. 441.) leaves ovate, entire
or few-toothed : cauline ones distant : floral ones minute ; tube
of corolla a little longer than the calyx ; stem erect. ©. ? S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Tittmannia alsi-
noides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 800.
Chickneed-like Lindernia. PI. erect.
4 L. scapi'gera (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves broadly ovate, almost
quite entire : lower ones crowded : cauline ones very few,
smaller : floral ones minute ; tube of corolla twice as long as
the calyx. ©. ? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Tittmannia scapigera, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 800.
Scape-bearing Lindernia. PI. small.
5 L. subula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, subulate, entire.
©.? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Titt-
mannia subulata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 800.
Subulate-\ea.\eii Lindernia. PI. small.
§ 2. America' n^e. Filaments 4, the 2 longer ones forked
and sterile.
6 L. Montevide'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 769.) stem procum-
bent, branched ; leaves spatulate, linear, nerveless ; peduncles
axillary, l-flowered; calyxes foliaceous. ©. H. Native of
Monte Video, Sello.
Monte Video Lindernia. PI. small, procumbent.
7 L. monti'cola (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 9.) stem erect, dichoto-
mous ; radical leaves spatulate : cauline ones linear, remote ;
peduncles elongated : fructiferous ones deflexed. 11 . H. Na-
tive of North Carolina. Tittmannia monticola, Spreng. syst.
2. p. 800.
IMountain Lindernia. PI. \ foot. ?
8 L. grandiflora (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 43.) leaves almost
round, thickish, entire and nerveless, somewhat stem-clasping ;
peduncles very long, axillary and terminal ; sterile filaments
forked ; stem creeping, l;. H. Native of Georgia, on the
spongy margins of sandy springs and ponds betwixt Savannah
and Augusta, in many places. Leaves crowded. Segments of
the calyx linear-subulate. Corolla large, of a violet blue :
lower lip paler, 3-lobed : upper lip very short, bidentate. The
lateral forks of the sterile filaments producing an imperfect 1-
celled anther. Capsule ovate.
Greal-Jlowered Lindernia. PL creeping.
9 L. dilata'ta (Muhl. cat. ex Elliott, fl. car. 1. p. 16.)
leaves dilated at base, stem-clasping, sparingly toothed ; pedun-
cles longer than the leaves. ©. H. Native from New York
to Virginia, Carolina, &'c. on the banks of rivers, in gravelly
soil. L. pyxidaria, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 419. Gratiola inaequalis,
Walt. car. p. 61. Gratiola anagallidea, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 6. Leaves obscurely 3-5-nerved. Calyxes pubescent,
ciliated. Corolla purple.
Dilaled-\ea.veA Lindernia. PI. procumbent.
10 L. aitenua'ta (Muhl. cat. ex Elliott, 1. c. p. 17.) leaves
lanceolate and obovate, attenuated at the base ; peduncles one
half shorter than the leaves. ©. H. Native of Georgia, in
wet places. Leaves serrulated, villous. Calyxes ciliated. Ste-
rile filaments villous.
552 SCROPHULARINE^. XLVI. Limosella. XLVII. Hydranthelium. XL VIII. Conobea. XLIX. Mimulus.
Atte7)valed-\eaved Lindernia. PI. procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Herpesi'is, p. 546.
XLVI. LIMOSE'LLA (a dim. of Urnus, mud, in which the
plants delight to grow.) Lin. gen. no. 776. Schreb. gen. no.
lOiii). Goertn. fruct. 1. p. 228. t. 50. Juss. gen. p. 96. ed.
Usteri, p. 108. Lam. ill. t. 5\i5. f. 2. R. Br. prod. 443.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-cleft, equal.
Corolla short, campanulate, 5-cleft, equal. Stamens didynamous,
or rarely equal ; sometimes only 2. Stigma capitate. Capsule
semibilocular, 2-valved ; valves entire ; dissepiment incomplete.
— Small marsh creeping herbs. Leaves fascicled ; petioles di-
lated at the base, half sheathing. Scapes 1-flowered, bractless.
In the natural series this genus comes near Pingtiicula.
1 L. aqua'tica (Lin. spec. 881.) leaves lanceolate-spalulate,
longer than the scapes ; flowers didynamous, rarely diandrous.
O.W.H. Native of the North of Europe, in inundated places; in
some parts of Britain, in like situations. Smith, engl. bot. 357.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 69. L. annua, Lindern. als. 266. t. 5. Planta-
ginella, Hall. jen. 23. t. 6. f. 2. Plantaginella paliistris, Bauh.
pin. p. 1 90. Mor. hist. 3. p. 605. sect. ] 5. t. 2. f. 1 . Petiv. brit.
t. 65. f. 12 Loes. pruss. 261. t. 81.— Plukn. aim. 20. t. 74.
f. 4. — Mentz. 2. t. 7. f. 6. Corollas small, whitish without, and
reddish within.
J'ai: ft, Limosella didndra, Krock. fl. sil. 2. no. 1006. t. 27.
f. ft. flowers diandrous.
Aquatic Mudwort. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. creeping.
2 L. Ahstra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 443.) leaves spatulate-
linear, longer than the scapes ; flowers didynamous, rarely dian-
drous. ©. W. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land, and the
south coast of New Holland, in marshes.
Southern Mudwort. PI. creeping.
3 L. TENuiFOLiA (Nutt. joum. acad. sc. phil. 1. p. 115. gen.
amer. 2. p. 43.) leaves linear and very narrow, scarcely dilated
at the points; scapes 1-flowered, about equal in length with the
leaves; flowers tetrandrous. Q.W. H. Nativeof Germany, and
North America, on the banks of the Delaware. Corolla white,
externally blue, 4-5-lobed.
Fine-leaved Limosella. PI. creeping.
Cult. The species being hardy, aquatic annuals, the seeds
may be sown by the edge of a pond, or cistern.
XLVII. HYDRANTHFLIUM {from i^wp, hjdor, water;
and a)'6t)Xto)', anthelion, a little flower.) H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. 7. p. 202. Willichia, Mutis.
LiN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-parted,
bractless, permanent ; segments opposite, by pairs, 2 of which
are oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; and the other 2 are lanceolate,
acutish, 1-nerved. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb trifid ; the
third lobe twice the breadth of the others, and cmarginate.
Stamens 3, inserted in the throat of the corolla, and alternating
with its lobes, and shorter than them ; anthers oblong, 2-celled.
Stigma 2-lobed. Capside ovate-roundish, mucronate, mem-
branous, 2-celled ? 2-valved ? dissepiment placentiferous on
bolh sides, at length free. Seeds many, subcylindrical, a little
arched, exalbuminous, striated, pendulous. Embryo cylindrical,
2-lobed. Radicle superior looking to the hilum. — A small, float-
ing, glabrous, radicant herb. Leaves opposite, quite entire, 7-
nerved. Flowers axillary, solitary, alternate, pedicellate, minute,
white. This genus comes very near to Lindertiia and Limosella ;
but is distinguished from them in the structure of calyx, corolla,
and number of stamens.
1 H. cALLiTRicHofDEs (H. B. ct Kuntli, 1. c. 7. p. 203. t.
644.) ©. W. S. Native in the Missions of the Orinoco, in
the cataract of Atures.
Callitriehe-like Hydranthelium. PI. aquatic.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Limnophila, p. 543.
XLVIII. CONO'BEA (meaning not explained by Aublet.)
Aubl. guian. 2. p. 639. t. 257. Juss. gen. p. 97. ed. Usteri,
p. 109. Lam. ill. t. 522. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, 5-
toothed, bibracteate at the base. Corolla tubular, bilabiate ;
upper lip erect, emarginate ; lower lip 3-lobed, unequal. Sta-
mens 4, didynamous ; anthers sagittate. Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule pea-formed, girded by the calyx, 1-celled, 4-valved, many-
seeded; placenta central, free. — A creeping marsh herb. Stems
tetragonal. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary, axillary, pedi-
cellate.
1 C. aqua'tica (Aubl. 1. c.) stems procumbent, nodose ; leaves
reniform, toothed, half stem-clasping ; peduncles longer than
the leaves, solitary. — Native of Guiana, on the edges of rivers.
Flowers blue. Plant glabrous. Calyx 5-toothed.
Aquatic Conobea. PI. creeping.
2 C. puncta'ta (Mart, in act. bonn. 11. p. 43.) stem ascend-
ing, rooting at the base ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, dotted,
scabrous above ; flowers axillary, twin, a little shorter than the
petioles. %. G. Native of Brazil, on the road to Felisbert.
Leaves 1 to Ig inch long. Calyx 5-parted ; segments ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, with membranous edges. Corolla twice
as long as the calyx. Segments of the lower lip oblong, undu-
lated.
Dotted Conobea. PI. 1 foot, procumbent at the base.
3 C. viscosA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 771.) stem erect, clammy at
top ; leaves lanceolate, sharply serrated, quite glabrous ; pedun-
cles usually twin, shorter than the leaves. — Native of Brazil.
Clammy Conobea. PL erect.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see Herpestis, p. 546.
XLIX. MI'MULUS (from /jtfiw, mimo, an ape or actor;
so named from the ringent corollas of the species.) Lin. gen.
no. 783. Schrad. gen. no. 1049. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 245. t.
53. Juss. gen. 122. ed. Usteri, 137. R. Br. prod. 439. H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 369. Benth. scroph. ind. 27.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, 5-
angled, 5-toothed. Corolla ringent ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower
one trifid, usually bi-gibbous at the base ; segments all flat.
Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; cells of anthers diverging or
divaricate, at length subconfluent. Stigma bilamellate. Cap-
sule hardly furrowed, 2-valved, with a loculicidal dehiscence ;
valves entire, with flat margins ; dissepiment at length free ;
placentas adnate. — Erect or procumbent, glabrous, rarely vil-
lous herbs ; with usually tetragonal stems. Leaves opposite,
usually toothed, rarely quite entire. Flowers axillary, solitary,
pedicellate : superior ones sometimes racemose.
§ 1. Stems erect. Leaves feather-nerved. Calyx tubular.
1 INI. linea'ris (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 27.) plant suffruti-
cose, very clammy ; stem erect, branched ; leaves linear, quite
entire, with revolute edges ; peduncles subracemose ; calyxes
elongated, plicate, with lanceolate-linear, obtuse, unequal teeth.
Jj . F. Native of California, Douglas.
Linear-leaved Monkey-flower. Shrub erect.
2 M. glutin6sus (Wendl. obs. p. 51.) shrubby, clammy;
stem erect, downy ; leaves glabrous above, oblong or lanceolate,
SCROPHULARINE^E. XLIX. Mimulus.
553
narrowed at the base, erosely toothed or quite entire ; peduncles
shorter than the leaves ; calyx elongated, plicate, with lanceo-
late-linear, unequal segments. Ij . F. Native of California,
Menzies and Douglas. M. aurantiacus. Curt. hot. mag. 354.
Flowers orange-coloured, generally growing in pairs from the
axils of the leaves.
Clammy Monkey-flower. Fl. Year. Clt. 1794. Shrub 2
to 4 feet.
3 M. iu'ngens (Lin. spec. 884.) quite glabrous ; stem erect ;
leaves oblong or lanceolate, a little toothed, dilated at the base,
cordately stem-clasping ; calyx tubular, a little incurved, plicate,
with lanceolate-linear unequal teeth. 11 . H. Native of North
America, from Virginia to Canada. Curt. hot. mag. 283. — Lin.
hort. ups. 176. t. 2. act. ups. 1741. p. 82. — Plukn. amalth. 83,
t. 393. f. 3.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 479. sect. 5. t. 8. f. 6. Corolla
violaceous or purple.
Gfl;;i»g'-flowered Monkey-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759.
PI. Ufoot.
4 M. ala'tus (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 361.) glabrous; stem
erect ; leaves large, oblong-elliptic, acuminated, narrowed into
the petioles at the base ; caly.\ tubular, plicate, truncate, with
linear teeth. 1/ . H. Native of North America. Lodd, bot.
cab, 410. Habit of the preceding. Stem 4- winged from the
decurrence of the leaves. Corolla blue or purple. Leaves un-
equally serrated.
^f/w^rerf-stemmed Monkey-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1783.
PI. 1 foot.
5 M. sTRi'cTUs (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3918. scroph. ind.
p. 28.) erect, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, almost
quite entire, hardly narrowed at the base, cordately stem-clasp-
ing ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; calyx ovate-tubular,
hardly plicate, with ovate, short, nearly equal teeth. %. H.
Native of India, in Rajemahl, Wall. ; and at Kheeree Pass,
Royle.
Strict Monkey-flower. PI.
6 M. hirsu'tus (Blum, bijdr. p. 756.) hairy ; leaves peti-
olate, ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; pedicels racemose, opposite ;
stem erect, sharply tetragonal. 1^. S. Native of Java, in the
province of Bantam.
Hairij Monkey- flower. Fl. Feb. PI. erect.
§ 2. Stems generally 'procumbent or creeping, rarely erect.
Leaves 3-5-ncrved, toothed. Calyx ovate or tubular, usually
inflated.
7 M. bre'vipes (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 28.) downy ; stem
erect, clammy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, a little tooth-
ed, narrowed at the base and nearly sessile ; or the upper ones
are stem-clasping ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx ovate, plicate,
cleft on one side : teeth lanceolate, unequal. 1/ . F. Native
of California, Douglas.
Short-peduncled Monkey-flower. PI. erect.
8 M. Lewisii (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 427. t. 20.) plant
small, erect, downy ; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
nerved, mucronately denticulated ; flowers few, terminal, on
very long pedicels ; teeth of calyx acuminated. 1/ . H. Native
on the bead springs of the Missouri, at the foot of Portage Hill.
Flowers large, beautiful pale purple.
Lewis's Monkey-flower. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. i^ to f
foot.
9 M. cardina'lis (Dougl. mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 28.)
villous ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, with erosely toothed mar-
gins ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; calyx large, inflately
tubular, hardly plicate, wiih ovate-acute teeth ; anthers villous.
~ll . F. Native of California, Dousilas. Corollas large, red.
Cardinal Monkey-Rower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1835. PL
1 to 2 feet.
VOL. IV.
10 M. RosEus (Dougl. mss. Lindl. bot. reg. 1. 1591. Benth.
scroph. ind. p. 28.) pubescent ; leaves stem-clasping, oblong, a
little toothed, 5-nerved ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ;
calyx large, subinflately tubular, with ovate-acute, nearly equal
teeth ; anthers glabrous. 1/. F. Native of North West Ame-
rica, along the Columbia river. Corollas rose-coloured.
Rose-coloitred-Rowexi^A Monkey-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1831. PI. 1 foot.
1 1 M. LU^TEUs (Lin. spec. 884.) glabrous ; leaves erosely
toothed : lower ones on long
petioles, ovate, or somewhat FIG. 50.
lyrate : superior ones rounded,
cordately stem-clasping ; calyx
ovate, but camjianulate in the
fructiferous state, with ovate-
acute teeth : the upper tooth
larger. 1^. F. Native of
Chili. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1030.
1796. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3336.
S253. and 3363.— Feuill. per.
2. p. 745. t. 34. Corolla yel-
low, with a dark mark in the
mo\Uh. There are several hy-
brids reared from the seeds of
this species, which vary much
in the colour and size of the
flowers, some of which are very
showy.
Var. ft, ricularis (Lindl. bot. reg. no. 1030.)
Yellow-&owered Monkey-flower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826.
PI. I foot.
12 M. lyra'tus (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 28.) glabrous at the
base, and downy at top, clammy ; leaves erosely toothed, cor-
dately stem-clasping ; calyx ovate, but inflately campanulate in
the fructiferous state, with ovate-acute teeth : the upper tooth
the largest. %.¥. Native of California, Douglas.
Lyrale-leaved Monkey-flower. PI. | foot. ?
13 M. gutta'tus (D. C. cat. hort. nionsp. p. 127.) glabrous;
leaves almost quite entire : lower ones on long petioles : supe-
rior ones rounded, cordately stem-clasping ; calyx ovate, in-
flated in the fructiferous state, with a contracted mouth : teeth
of calyx ovate : the upper one very broad ; corolla twice as long
as the calyx, i;. H. Native of California, and North Ame-
rica. M. luteus, Sims, bot. mag. 1501. Pursh, fl. amer. sept.
2. p. 426. Corolla yellow, spotted in the mouth. Surculi
creeping.
Spotted-dowered Monkey-Rower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1812.
PI. 1 to 1| foot.
14 M. rivula'ris (Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p.
47.) leaves oval, obtuse, crenated : cauline ones sessile ; flowers
axillary and terminal ; calycine teeth very short. 1/ . H. Na-
tive in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Stoloniferous,
quite glabrous. Leaves oval, sharply crenated, petiolate ; cau-
line leaves similar, sessile. Flowers large, bright yellow.
Rivulet Monkey-flower. PI. f foot. ?
15 M. parviflorus (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 874. Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 28.) glabrous, or hardly downy ; leaves broad-ovate,
erosely toothed, broadly and truncately cordate at the base :
lower ones petiolate : superior ones sessile ; calyx ovate, but
broadly campanulate in the fructiferous state : teeth broad,
short : upper tooth large ; corolla one half longer than the
calyx. 0. H. Native of Chili. Flowers small, yellow.
Small-florvered Monkey -Raw ex. Fl. Year. Clt. 1824. PI.
16 M. glabra'tus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 370.)
glabrous, or scarcely pubescent ; leaves broad-ovate, obtuse,
erosely toothed, broadly and truncately cordate at the base ;
4 B
554
SCROPHULARINE^. XLIX. Mimulus. L. Leucocarpus.
lower ones petiolate : superior ones sessile; calyx ovate, in-
flately campanulate in the fructiferous state ; teeth of calyx
broad, short : upper tooth large ; corolla one half lonjrer, or hardly
twice as long^ as the calyx. If. H. Native of Mexico, near
Moran, at the altitude of 1338 hexapods, and near Jalapa, and
at the foot of Mount Orizaba. M. propinquus, Lindl. bot.
reg. 1330. Corolla yellow. Surculi creeping.
^moo^/i Monkey-flower. Fl. April, Oct. Ch.lS^r. PI. f foot.
17 M. Andi'coh.s (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) quite glabrous;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, toothed, subcordate or cuneated
at the base ; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed : upper tooth the
largest ; corolla longer than the calyx. 1^ . F. Native on the
declivities of the burning Mount Pichincha, near Chorro de
Cantuna, at the altitude of 1730 hexapods. Stems creeping,
branched, 2-3 inches. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Co-
rolla yellow ?
Andicolous Monkey-flower. PI. creeping.
IS M. piLosiu'scuLus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) rather pilose;
leaves petiolate, roundish-ovate, obtuse, subcordate at the base,
toothed ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; calyx sub-campa-
nulatc, 5-toothed, the upper tooth the largest ; corolla twice as
long as the calyx. 1/ . F. Native of Peru, near Patibilca, in
shady places. Stems creeping. Leaves 3-5-nerved. Corolla
yellow.
Rather-hairy Monkey-flower. PI. creeping.
19 M. moscha'tus (Dougl. in bot. reg. t. 1118.) stems dif-
fuse, clothed with woolly villi ; leaves petiolate, ovate, or ovate-
lanceolate, a little toothed, rounded at the base, rather pilose,
and somewhat clammy ; calyx tubular, but oblong in the fruit-
bearing state, with lanceolate, unequal teeth. If . H. Native
about the Columbia river, on the north-west coast of America.
The plant exhales a strong scent of musk. Flowers small,
yellow. Plant diffuse, rooting at the base.
il/Msi-scented Monkey-flower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826.
PI. diflTuse.
20 M. floribxj'ndus (Dougl. in hot. reg. 1125.) diffuse,
loosely pilose, clammy ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, a little
toothed, truncate at the base, or rounded ; calyx small, ovate-
tubular, almost equally truncate, with very short, acute teeth.
0. H. Native of California, and the north-west coast of
America, at the Columbia river. Corollas yellow.
Bundle-Jhnered Monkey-flower. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI.
f foot.
21 M. ALSiNoiDES (Doug. niss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 29.)
glabrous, diffuse ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, a little toothed,
cuneated or rounded at the base ; calyx small, tubularly -ovate,
obliquely truncate, with short teeth. 0-? H. Native of the
north-west coast of America, Douglas ; and California, Men-
zies. Corollas yellow. ?
Var. a, j>anictdalus (fienxh. 1. c.)
Var. (i, minimus (Benth. 1. c.) peduncles 1-3-flowered. — Na-
tive at the Columbia river, Douglas and Scouler.
Chichvecd-like Monkey-flower. PI. diffuse.
22 M. PRiMULoiDEs (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 29.) glabrous,
stoloniferous ; floriferous branches short ; leaves nearly sessile,
obovate, obscurely toothed, and quite entire ; peduncles elon-
gated, solitary, terminal ; calyx tubular, with short teeth. Q. ?
H. Native of the north-west coast of America, Douglas.
Primrose-like Monkey-flower. PI. creeping.
23 M. peduncula'ris (Dougl. mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p.
29.) plant downy, humble ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, a
little toothed, cuneated or rounded at the base ; calyx small,
tubularly ovate, with short, acute, nearly equal teeth. O- ? H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, Douglas.
Peduncular Monkey-flower. PI. dwarf.
24 M. Java'nicus (Blum, bijdr. p. 755.) stem creeping ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, toothed, rather scabrous ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, or terminal, subfastigiate. 1/ . S. Native of Java, in
grassy places in the western provinces, where it is called Dinkut-
malta-Kujup. Plant downy. There is also a var. /3, imsilla,
Blum, bijdr. 756.
Java Monkey-flower. PI. creeping.
§ 3. Steins diffuse. Leaves feather-nerved, tlii7i, toothed. Calyx
tubularly ovate.
25 M. Nepale'nsis (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 3917.) glabrous,
diffuse ; leaves petiolate, ovate, serrated, cuneated at the base,
or rounded ; calyx ovate-tubular, with short, acute teeth : the
upper tooth a little larger than the rest. — Native of Nipaul.
Nipaul Monkey-flower. PI. diffuse.
§ 4. Stems creeping. Leaves ihickish, quite entire, and quite
glabrous.
26 M. orbicula'ris (Wall. cat. no. 3919.) Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 29.) glabrous, creeping ; leaves petiolate, orbicular, quite
entire, thickish ; calyx ovate-tubular, truncate, with very short
teeth. — Native of the Birmann Empire, at Rangoon and Tavoy,
Wall.
Orft;cK/«)-leaved Monkey-flower. PI. creeping.
27 M. re'pens (R. Br. prod. p. 439.) glabrous, creeping ;
leaves ovate, obtuse, quite entire, half stem-clasping, thickish ;
calyx ovate-tubular, truncate, with very short teeth. Tl. F.
Native of Van Diemen's Land, Gunn. ; and New South Wales.
Habit of Herpestis Monniera.
Creeping Monkey-flower. PI. creeping.
28 M. gra'cilis (R. Br. 1. c.) quite glabrous, erect; leaves
linear-oblong, or oblong, obtuse, entire ; peduncles elongated.
"H.. G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Slender l\Ionkey-flower. PI. erect.
Ctdt. Most of the species are showy, and worth cultivating
for ornament. The shrubby kinds grow well in a light rich
soil ; and cuttings of them strike root readily under a hand-
glass in the same kind of soil. The perennial herbaceous kinds
are well adapted for decorating flower-borders, thrive in any
common garden soil, and all prefer a moist shady situation. All
of them require some protection in severe weather: they are
readily increased by division and seeds. The seeds of annual
species may either be sown where the plants are intended to
remain, or they may be reared on a hot-bed, and afterwards
planted out into the open ground.
L. LEUCOCA'RPUS (from \evkoq, leucos, white ; and
KnoTTOQ, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the white baccate fruit.)
D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 124. Conobea species,
Graham. Mimulus species, Kunth.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed, 5-angled, or 5-ribbed ; teeth nearly equal. Corolla
tubular, ringent ; throat furnished with 2 elevated bearded
plicae ; limb bilabiate ; lobes roundish, with revolute edges.
Stamens 4, didynamous : the 2 superior ones the shortest ; lobes
of anthers divaricate, inserted into a hemispherical connective.
Stigma bilamellate ; lobes or lamellae ovate, acuminated, papil-
lose above. Berry roundish, succulent, spongy, 2-celled, inde-
hiscent, many-seeded ; placentas 2, large, succulent, fixed to
the dissepiment, which is contrary, with revolute edges. Seeds
disposed in a single series, not cumulated, reticulately wrinkled,
hardly scrobiculate. — An erect, branched, green, annual 1 herb.
Angles of the stem and branches winged, acute. Leaves oppo-
site, stem-clasping, perfoliate, lanceolate, acuminated, sharply
serrated, membranous, varicose and paler beneath, a hand to a
span long. Flowers axillary, cymose. Cymes usually twice
trifid, many-flowered, rarely 3-flowered : the middle flower
SCROPHULARINEiE. LI. Uvedalia. LII. Hemiphragma. LIII. Collinsia.
555
generally solitary : the rest by threes, or sevens. Corolla sul-
phur coloured, hardly an inch long. Bracteoles subulate, ad-
pressed. Berries white, size of those of Si/mj'horicarpus race-
ynusus, with a nauseous bitter sweet taste.
1 L. ala'tus (D. Don, 1. c.) ©.? H. Native of Mexico,
by the sides of streams at Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiera, in
the province of Vera Cruz. Conobea ale\ta, Graham, in edinb.
phil. journ. oct. 1830. Mimulus perfoliatus, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 2. p. 271. Graham, in bot. may;, t. u067.
IVijiged-stemmed Leucocarpus. Fl. Clt. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be reared on a hot-bed,
and when the plants are of sufficient size, or about the end of
May, they should be planted out into the open border in a warm
sheltered situation, where, if the summer prove fine, they will
flower and ripen seed.
LI. UVEDAXIA (named by the author in memory of
Uvedale, L.L.D., who had a fine botanic garden near Enfield,
where he cultivated many exotic plants, on which account he is
much lauded by Plukenet and Petiver.) R. Br. prod. p. 440.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Angiospermia. Calyx prismatic, 5-
toothed. Corolla ringent : upper lip 2-lobed : lower one trifid,
having the middle segment unlike the lateral ones, bigibbous at
the base. Stamens didynamous ; lobes of anthers divaricate.
Stigma flattened. Capsule inclosed, 2-celled, 4-valved ; disse-
piment formed from the inflexed margins of the valves, inserted
in the central placenta.- — Herbs with opposite leaves. Pedun-
cles axillary and terminal, 1-flowered, bractless. Corollas blue.
1 U. linea'ris (R, Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, much shorter
than the peduncles. 1^ ? G. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic.
Linear -\ea.veA Uvedalia. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult, For culture and propagation see Leucocarpus above.
LII. HEMIPHRA'GMA (from iVkti-c, hemisus, half; and
(ppayfxoQ, phragmos, a dissepiment ; in reference to the dissepi-
ment being bifid at the apex.) Wall. tent. fl. .nep. 17. t. 8.
Benth. scroph. ind. p. 47.
Lin. syst. Dkhjnamla, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted.
Corolla tubular ; limb 5-cleft, sub-bilabiate ; lower segments
rather the broadest. Stamens 4, inserted in the base of the
corolla, nearly equal, distant; anthers 2-celled; cells parallel.
Style simple ; stigma hardly thickened. Capsule baccate, 2-
celled, 2-valved ; valves bipartite ; dissepiment parallel, bifid at
apex ; placentas adnate. Seeds numerous, naked.
1 H. heterdphy'llum (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 17. t. 8.)
11.1 G. Native of Nipaul, Wall. ; and at Jumnotri, Royle.
Herb procumbent ; branches flagelliform. Cauline leaves
roundish-cordate, crenated, rather pilose. Axillary branches
short, covered with short, linear, quite entire, ciliated leaves.
Flowers sessile, solitary, within the leaves. Capsule size of a
pea, shining.
I'ariable-leaved Hemiphragma. PI. procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Leucocarpus above.
LIII. COLLl'NSIA (named by Nuttall, in honour of Zac-
cheus Collins, a vice-president of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.) Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil,
1. t. 9. gen. amer. 2. p. 45.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-cleft, equal. Corolla bilabiate ; orifice closed ; tube gibbous
on the back ; upper lip erect, bifid : lower one trifid : the middle
PI. 1 foot,
stem erect,
segment cucullate, and clasping the stamens. Stamens didyna-
mous, with the rudiment of a fifth. Anthers glabrous. Ovarium
2-celled; placenta fleshy. Ovula peltate. Capsule globose,
partly 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bipartite. Seeds icw, umbili-
cate. — Annual plants, with entire, opposite and verticiUate leaves
and pedicels. Corolla party coloured.
1 C. ve'rna (Nutt. in journ.
acad. nat. sc. phil. 1. t. 9. gen. FIG. 51.
amer. 2. p. 46. Sweet, fl. gard.
t. 220.) stem erect, a little
branched ; leaves lanceolate ;
pedicels axillary, solitary, much
longer than the flowers ; calyx
downy, about equal in length
to the corolla. ©. H. Native
of north-west America, upon
inland rocks ; banks of the Mis-
souri and Mississippi ; on the
Alleghanies ; and on the borders
of Lake Erie. Antirrhinum
tenellum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept.
2. p. 421. Corolla white, ex-
cept the lower lip, which is
blue (fig. 51).
Sfmng Collinsia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1826.
2 C. grandiflora (Lindl. bot. reg. 1107.)
branched ; lower leaves spatulate : superior ones oblong-line-
ar ; pedicels verticiUate, shorter than the flowers ; segments of
corolla dilated, retuse ; calyx glabrous, about half the length
of the corolla. 0. H. Native of the dry banks of the Colum-
bia river. Stem downy. Leaves glabrous, entire, or denticu-
lated. Corolla pale purple, except the lower lip, which is blue.
Great-flowered Collinsia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1826. PI.
1 foot.
3 C. BicoLOR (Benth. in hort. trans, n. s. vol. 1. p. 480.
Lindl. bot. reg. 1734.) stem erect, downy ; leaves glabrous,
ovate-lanceolate, subcordate at the base ; pedicels verticiUate,
racemose. ©. H. Native of California. Leaves nearly ses-
sile, serrated : upper ones smaller, and quite entire. Calyx
clothed with glandular down. Corollas twice the size of those
of C grandiflora : upper lip and tube white : lower lip of a
rosy purple colour.
rno-co/oMrerf-flowered Collinsia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1 833.
PI. 1 foot.
4 C. viola'cea (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. vol. 5. p.
179.)puberulous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, remotely denticulated;
corolla almost of one colour : upper lip one half smaller than
the lower one: segments bifid at apex; capsule about 10-
seeded. ©. H. Native of North America, on hills and up-
land woods of the Arkansas and Red rivers. Stems purplish.
Radical leaves oblong-ovate : cauline ones sessile, opposite :
uppermost ones 3 in a whorl. Corolla bright violet, like that of
many species o( Phlox ; upper lip paler. Allied to C. grandi-
flora. Seeds smaller than those of C. verna.
A7o/aceoMs-flowered Collinsia. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
5 C. mi'nima (Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 47.)
leaves opposite, cuneate-oblong, obtuse, somewhat denticulated ;
segments of the calyx hardly half so long as the corolla. 0.
H. Native of North America, at Flat Head river, flowering
early in spring. Peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves.
Flowers smaller than in C. verna, but larger than in C. parvi-
flbra. The upper lip of corolla is white, the lower blue. Very
closely allied to C. violacea, Nutt.
Least Collinsia. Fl. Spring. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
6 C. parvifl6ra (Lindl. bot. reg. 1082.) stem prostrate,
4b 2
556
SCROPHULARINE^. LIII. Collinsia. LIV. Gerardia.
downy; leaves ovate-oblong, nearly entire, downy; pedicels
axillary, solitary, mucii longer than the flowers ; segments of
corolla acutish, entire ; calyx downy, about equal in length to
the corolla. 0. H. Native of America, in the vicinity of the
river Columbia. Corollas small, purple and blue.
Small-flowered Collinsia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI.
procumbent.
7 C. sPARsiFLORA (Fisch. ct Meyer, cat. sem. hort. petrop.
2d. 1836.) diffuse ; leaves all opposite ; flowers solitary ; pedi-
cels a little longer than the calyx; capsule globose. 0. H.
Native of California, about the Russian colony, Ross. Smootli-
ish, much branched. Stems and branches filiform. Leaves all,
or only the upper ones opposite, on which account it is distin-
guished from the other species. The flowers are solitary, rarely
opposite, of a size intermediate between those of C. grandiflhra
and C. parinflbra. Corolla pale violet : lateral segments of the
lower lip deep purple.
Scattered-flowered Collinsia. FI. June, July. Clt. 183C.
PI. diffVise.
Cull. All the species being showy, they are well fitted for
decorating flower borders, or to be grown in beds or large
patches. The seeds only require to be sown where the plants
are intended to remain in March or April.
Tribe IV. GERARDIE'/E (this tribe contains plants agree-
ing with Gerardia in the characters indicated below.) D. Don,
in edinb. pliil. journ. vol. 19. p. 111. July, 1835. Benth, in
bot. reg. under no. 1770. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla
campanulate, funnel-shaped, or tubular; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate.
Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers approximate, 2-celled, often
bearded ; cells diverging, distinct at apex, for the most part
spurred at the base. Stigma clavate, undivided. Capsule
bipartible ; dissepiment composed of 2 connate lamina; valves
entire, or bifid ; placentas narrow, spongy. Seeds angular, with
a thick favosely cellular; loose testa. Albumen fleshy. Embryo
sub-foliaceous, almost the length of the seeds. Radicle short,
obtuse. — Herbs or under shrubs, for the most part natives of
America. Leaves opposite, scabrous. Flowers axillary, solitary,
or disposed in terminal, spicate racemes, yellow or purple.
LIV. GERARDIA (a name originally given by Plumier to a
plant now hardly known, and intended by him to commemorate
our old English botanist, John Gerarde, author of the Herbal,
1597, folio, and a great cultivator of exotic plants, of which he
published a catalogue in 1596.) Lin. gen. no. 747. Schreb.
gen. no. 1004. Juss. gen. p. 119. ed. Usteri. p. 134. Benth,
in Hook. comp. 1. p. 204. Virgularia, Ruiz, et Pav.
Lin. syst. Didi/namia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed, or 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate, or ventricosely and
tubularly-campanulate : limb 5-cleft, with roundish, half-spread-
ing segments. Stamens didynamous, or rarely nearly equal,
shorter than the corolla, sometimes all antheriferous, and some-
times the 2 smaller or shorter ones sterile. Capsule acute, or
obtuse, without a beak. — Herbs or under shrubs natives of
America. Flowers solitary, axillary, sessile, or pedicellate ;
pedicels generally bractless. Corollas yellow, or of a rosy
purple colour.
Sect. I. Cyrtocodon (from ci/proc, kyrlos, a curve ; and
icwow)', kodon, a little bell.) Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 204.
Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla yellow ; tube usually short and
incurved. Anthers mutic. Species natives of North America.
1 G. serpyllifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 343.)
procumbent ; leaves ovate, obtuse, quite entire ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, sessile ; calycine segments entire. ^ , G. Na-
tive of New Spain, near Carpio, and on the borders of Lake
St. Christopher, at the altitude of 1180 hexapods. Plant
glabrous in every part. Leaves about 2 lines long. Corolla
pale yellow, almost funnel-shaped ; tube 3 times as long as the
calyx. Stamens and ovarium glabrous.
IVild-Thyme-leaced Gerardia. Shrub procumbent.
2 G. i'rostra'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) prostrate ; leaves
pinnatifid : segments linear, acutely mncronate : lower ones
cut ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile ; calycine segments pin-
natifidly cut. V) . G. Native of New Spain, between Pachuca
and Mount Ventosa, at the altitude of 1320 hexapods. Plant
glabrous, tufted, 2-3 inches long. Leaves 3-4 lines long.
Corolla an inch and a half long.
Prostrate Gerardia. Shrub prostrate.
3 G. virga'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 344.) erect, pubes-
cent ; leaves pinnatifid : segments linear, obtuse, entire, or cut;
calycine segments oblong, entire, and toothed ; tube of corolla
incurved ; stamens nearly equal ; anthers erect, glabrous ; cap-
sule ovate, acute. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, between Guan-
axuato and Santa Rosa, at the altitude of 1330 hexapods.
Jjcaves 5-6 lines long, and 2-3 lines broad. Flowers pedicel-
late. Corolla campanulate, yellow, glabrous. Filaments woolly.
Tube of corolla longer than in G, macroiihylla.
Twiggy Gerardia. PI. erect.
4 G. macropiiy'lla (Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 205.)
pubescent ; leaves deeply toothed, pinnatifid, or the lower ones
are bipinnatifid : segments ovate, or oblong-lanceolate : upper
leaves almost quite entire; flowers nearly sessile; calyx hairy,
with ovate, subdentate segments ; tube of corolla short, in-
curved, villous inside ; stamens didynamous ; anthers rather
pilose. %. H. Native of the United States; Ohio; Ken-
tucky ; Arkansas. Seymeria macrophylla, Nutt. gen. amer. 2.
p. 49. The form and colour of the corolla connect this species
with the following. The shorter stamens have smaller anthers
than the longer ones. — Habit nearly that of G. grand/flora.
Capsule small, ventricose, with a compressed point, somewhat
4-valved.
Larse-leaved Gerardia. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
Sect. II. Otophy'lla (from ovq wrof, ous otos, an ear ; and
(pvWov, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the auriculately lobed
leaves.) Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 205. Caly.x deeply
5-cleft. Corollas purple, campanulate. Stamens didynamous ;
anthers of the longer ones fertile, of the shorter ones smaller,
and bearded.
5 G. auricula'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 48.) If.. H.
Native of the United States, chiefly in the Western ones. Sey-
meria auriculata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 810. An erect herb.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, generally auriculately lobed at the
base. Flowers almost sessile.
Auricled Gerardia. PI. | to 1 foot.
Sect. III. Pedicularioides (so called by reason of the plants
having the habit of the species of Pedicidaris.) Bentli. ger. in
Hook. comp. 1. p. 205. Calyx semi-5-cleft. Corolla yellow,
tubularly campanulate. Stamens didynamous ; anthers nearly
equal ; cells twin, fertile, spurred at the base. — Herbs natives
of North America. Leaves broadish, usually cut. Lobes of
corolla often ciliated.
6 G. fla'va (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 423. Benth. 1. c.
but not of Lin.) downy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or oblong,
obtuse, quite entire, or sinuately lobed ; calyx downy, with
oblong, obtuse segments, which are rather shorter than the
tube, 1/. H. Native of the United States, common. Plukn.
SCROPHULArxINE^. LIV. Geraudia.
557
altnalth. t. 389. f. 1. Corolla about an inch and a iialf long,
glabrous, yellow.
Fe//o?i;-flovvered Gerardia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI.
Ij to 2 feet.
7 G. QUERCiFOLiA (Pursli, 1. c.) quite glabrous ; lower leaves
large, bipinnatifid : superior ones oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid,
or quite entire ; calyx a little inflated, with lanceolate, acute
segments, which are shorter than the tube. If.. H. Native of
the United States, common. G. flava, Lin. spec. 848, but not
ofPursh. Rhinanthus Virginicus, Gron. virg. \9i. Lin. spec.
p. 841. Corolla rather larger than that of the preceding.
Calyx larger. The leaves vary much, but are always more,
divided than in G.Jldva, ex Benth.
Oak-leaved Gerardia. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1813. PI. 3 to
4 feet.
8 G. GRANDiFioRA (Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 206.)
downy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated at top, pinna-
tifid at the base ; calyxes longer than the pedicels ; calycine
segments obtuse, entire, or toothed; corolla 4 times as long as
the calyx. % . H. Native of Mexico, in the province of
Texas. Corolla 20 lines long. Capsule coriaceous, large,
pointed.
Great-Jlowered Gerardia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
9 G. pedicula'ria (Lin. spec. p. 849.) smoothish, or pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, pinnatifid, with toothed
segments ; calyxes shorter than the pedicels, with toothed seg-
ments ; corolla 3 times as long as the calyx. %. H. Native
of the United States, common. Corolla 15 lines long. Capsule
coriaceous, pointed. Plant drying black like Pedicularis.
Pedicular'is-like Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
10 G, pectina'ta (Torrey, mss. ex Benth. ger. in Hook,
comp. 1. p. 206.) hairy; leaves pectinately pinnatifid; lobes a
little toothed ; pedicels very short ; calyx very hairy, deeply 5-
cleft, with toothed segments ; corolla 3 times as long as the
calyx. 1{ . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, in sandy
forests, Nuttall ; Rocky Mountains, Torrey. G. pedicularia, />,
pectin^ta, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 48. Corolla as in G. pedicu-
laria, from which it differs in being more hairy, the leaves
usually smaller, and more divided, and in the pedicels being
much shorter.
Pectinate-]ea.\ed Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
11 G. densiflora (Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. p. 206.)
scabrous and hispid ; leaves ]iinnatifid, with narrow-linear, stiff,
ciliately scabrous segments ; flowers secund, spicate ; calycine
segments lanceolate, very acute ; tube of corolla attenuated at
the base, and dilated at top ; capsule obtuse. 11 . H. Native
of Mexico, in the province of Texas. Corolla an inch long.
Filaments hairy. Anthers like those of the next section Euge-
rdrdia, but more pointed, and slightly pilose at the base.
Densc-jlowered Gerardia. PI. ?
Sect. IV. Eugera'rdia (from eii, well or good, and Gerardia ;
this section contains what are considered the genuine species of
the genus.) Benth. 1. c. Calyx 5-toothed, rarely half 5-cleft.
Corolla purple, campanulate, or tubularly campanulate, rarely
ventricosely tubular. Anthers nearly equal ; cells twin, fertile,
mutic. — Herbs or under shrubs natives of America. Leaves
linear, rarely lanceolate, quite entire, or the lower ones are a
little cut.
12 G. digita'lis (Benth. 1. e.) glabrous; leaves linear,
smoothish; flowers nearly sessile ; teeth of calyx short, tnmcate,
mutic, with very villous edges ; corolla amply campanulate,
villous, 4-.5 times longer than the calyx, l/. . G. Native of
South America, at Maldonado. Flowers disposed in terminal
FIG. 52.
interrupted spikes ; the floral leaves being very small. Calyx
of Sopubia. Corolla above an inch long, very open.
Fingered Gerardia. PI. ?
13 G. RiGiDA (Gill. mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) glabrous and scab-
rous ; leaves linear, very acute ; flowers racemosely spicate ;
calyx longer than the pedicels, truncate : teeth short, acute ;
corolla amply and tubularly campanulate, villous, 4-5 times
longer than the calvx. If. G. Native of South America, in the
province of San Louis, Gillies. Flowers the same size, but
more hairy than in G, Unarioldes.
Stiff Gerardia. PI. ?
14 G. BRACHYPHY'LLA(Cham.
et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 3. p.
15.) shrubby, glabrous, smooth ;
leaves small, narrow-lanceo-
late, mucronulate ; flowers pe-
dicellate ; teeth of calyx short,
acute, shorter than the ovoid
calyx. Ij . S. Native of Tro-
pical Brazil. Esterhazya alpes-
tris, Spix. et Mart, reise in bras.
1. p. 397. Virgularia alpes-
tris. Mart. nov. gen. 3. p. 10. t.
205. Leaves rather fleshy, 4
lines long. Pedicels shorter
than the leaves. Corollas like
those of G. Unarioldes, but
rather smaller. Filaments with
a few hairs at the base. Valves
of capsule at length split,
(fig. 52.)
Short-leaved Gerardia. PI. 1 foot.
\5 G. lanceola'ta (Benth. 1. c. p. 207.) glabrous, smooth ;
leaves oblong-linear, mucronate, narrowed -at the base ; flowers
on short pedicels ; calycine teeth short, acute ; corolla amply
and tubularly campanulate, villous, 4 times as long as the calyx.
"if. G. Native of Peru, between Huariaco and Hiiannco,
Mathews. Virgularia Lanceolata, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. p.
161. Virg. revoliita, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. Closely allied to the
preceding, of which it may be a variety. It differs chiefly in
the leaves being rather broader, especially near the apex, and
longer. The anthers and filaments are perfectly glabrous.
Lanceolate-\ea.xei\. Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
IG G. LiNARioiDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 3. p. 13.
Benth. 1. c.) glabrous, rather scabrous ; leaves linear, acute, 1-
nervcd ; flowers racemose ; calyx shorter than the peduncles :
teeth ovate, truncate, or lanceolate acuminated, much shorter
than the tube ; corolla amply and tubularly campanidate, downy,
4-5 times as long as the calyx. If. G. Native of South
America ; at Banda Oriental, Tweedie ; southern provinces of
Brazil, Sello. DiflTers chiefly from the preceding by its narrower
leaves.
Toad-flax-like Gerardia. PI. H to 2 feet.
17 G. GENisTiFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 15. Benth.
1. c.) glabrous and rather scabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acute,
sub-trinerved ; flowers racemose ; calyxes shorter than the
peduncles : teeth ovate, truncate, or lanceolate, acute, much
shorter than the tube ; corolla ample, tubularly campanulate,
downy, 4-5 times as long as the calyx. % . F. Native along
with the preceding, Tweedie and Sello. Plant woody at the
base. Corolla almost H inch long. Leaves and branches 3 in
a whorl. Largest cauline leaves 2^ inches long.
Genista-like Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
18 G. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Mart. bras. 3. p. 12. t. 20G. Benth.
1. c.) quite glabrous ; stem erect, virgately branched ; leaves
558
SCROPHULARINE^. LIV. Gerardia.
FIG. 53.
more than an inch long, narrow
linear, acute, erectly spreading ;
petluncles bractless, about equal
in length to the leaves ; teeth
of calyx equal, mucronulate ;
corolla 5 times as long as the
calyx. 1{.. G. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes. Habit of G.peduncu-
h'lris, but with a tubular corolla
a little dilated at the top, and
about an inch long (fig. 53.)
Narrow-leaved Gerardia. PI.
1 to a feet.
19 G. HispiDULA (Mart. bras.
3. p. 13. t. 207.) plant beset
with spreading hairs ; stem fas-
tigiately branched ; leaves be-
yond an inch long, linear, acute,
spreading, papillose, especially along tlie margins ; peduncles
bibracteate, exceeding the leaves ; caly.x equal, with acute
teeth ; corollas 3 times as long as the calyx. ©. G. Native
of Brazil, in the provinces of Pianhia and Para. No other
species of this genus has bracteate peduncles. Corolla form of
the preceding, but about half the size.
Hispid Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
20 G. commu'nis (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 3. p. 12.)
glabrous, smooth ; leaves linear, cartilaginously marginate ;
flowers nearly sessile ; teeth of calyx longer than its tube ;
corolla tubularly campanulate, exceeding the calycine teeth a
little. 0. G. Native of the South of Brazil, from Rio Janeiro to
the Banda Oriental. Corolla downy, 4 an inch long. Filaments
and anthers slightly hairy. Capsule truncate, or emarginate.
Common Gerardia. Pi. I to 2 feet.
21 G. dasya'ntha (Sehiede, et Deppe, ex Cham, et Schlecht,
in Linnaea, 5. p. lOI.) stem bifariously pubescent ; leaves
linear, glabrous ; teeth of calyx a little longer than its tube ;
corolla downy outside, about twice as long as the calyx. 1/ .
G. Native of Mexico, in the Terra Fria, Sehiede et Deppe.
Said to resemble G. jmrpurea in its appearance.
Thick-Jlowercd Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
22 G. heterophy'lla (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p.
180.) glabrous; radical leaves broad, cut : cauline ones linear,
or linear-lanceolate, acute, stiff, with scabrous margins ; flowers
almost sessile ; calyx angular, with lanceolate-linear, very acute
teeth, which are a little shorter than the tube ; corolla amply
campanulate, clothed with pubescent tomentum outside, 3-4
times as long as the calyx. 11 . H. Native of the Arkansas
territory, in prairies near the great salt river, Nuttall. Texas,
Drummond. Corollas very open, from 8 lines to 1 inch long,
purple, crowded towards the summits of the branches. The
lower leaves are described as trifid, or laciniated, by Nuttall and
Drummond.
Far. fi, grandijlora (Nutt. 1. c.) flowers larger.
Variable-leaved Gerardia. PI. 2 feet.
23 G. fascicula'ta (Elliott, hot. car. 2. p. 115.) very
scabrous ; stem stift', branched at top ; leaves narrow-linear,
acute ; peduncles very short ; calyx truncate, with short
acute teeth ; corolla ample, campanulate, downy, 5 times as
long as the calyx. "H. . H. Native of Jacksonville, Drum-
mond ; South Carolina and Georgia, Elliott. Corolla 10-11
lines long. Young leaves sometimes tascicled in the axils of
the stem leaves. Perhaps only a variety of G. 'purpurea.
Fascicled-leaved Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
24 G. Dominge'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 817.) finely hispid;
stem strict, erect, somewhat fastigiately branched ; leaves about
an inch long, narrow-linear, acute, erectish, 3 times as long as
the short peduncles ; calyx equal, with acute teeth ; corolla 3
times as long as the calyx. 11 . S. Native of St. Domingo.
Appears to be allied to G. jmrpiirea and G. fascicuhita, but the
flowers are described as but 4 lines long, ex Benth.
St. Domingo Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 G. maritima (Rafin. new york med. rep. 2. p. 3(51.)
humble, glabrous, fleshy ; leaves linear, obtuse ; racemes termi-
nal ; peduncles short ; calyx truncate, with short, obtuse, mutic
teeth ; corollas glabrous, campanulate, 3-4 times as long as the
calyx. %. H. Native of New Jersey and New York, in salt
marshes. G. crinita, Eddy. G. purpiirea, /3, crassifolia, Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 422. Plant usually 2-3 inches high.
Corolla scarcely 8 lines long.
Var. /3, grai^dijlbra (Benth. 1. c. p. 208.) plant 4-6 inches
high, with few leaves on the upper part ; corolla about 8 lines
long. 1/ . H. Native of Texas.
Sea-side Gerardia. PI. 2 to 6 inches.
26 G. Plukene^tii (Ell. hot. car. 2. p. 114.) quite
smooth ; leaves small, remote, filiform, sub-fascicled ; pe-
duncles shorter than the leaves and calyxes ; calyx truncate,
with short, acute teeth ; corolla finely pubescent, 3 times as
long as the calyx. 11 . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia,
Elliott ; of the Cherokee country. Banks herb. Said by Mr.
Bentham to come near to var. y, of G. ienuifoiia, but the leaves
are still more slender, and the peduncles constantly very short.
Plukenet's Gerardia. PI. 1 foot.
27 G. purpu'rea (Lin. spec. 848.) leaves linear, acutish, flat,
with scabrous edges ; flowers on short peduncles ; calyx almost
nerveless, with acute teeth, which are one half shorter than the
tube ; corolla glabrous, amply campanulate, with a short, tubular
base. $ . H. Native of the United States, common in marshes ;
and of Mexico, in the Hacienda de La Laguna. Sims, hot.
mag. 2048.— Pliikn. phyt. t. 12. f. 2. inant. t. 388. f. 1.
J ar. a, parvijlbra (Benth. 1. c. p. 208.) corolla hardly 7-8
lines long. 1^. H.
Var. p, grandifldra (Benth. 1. c.) corolla an inch long. Tf. .
H. Native of New Jersey. The two varieties at first sight
appear different, Benth.
PMr;3/e-flowered Gerardia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. PI.
U foot.
28 G. LONGiFOLiA (Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans, n. s. 5. p.
180.) leaves narrow-linear, with scabrous edges : the floral ones
exceeding the flowers ; peduncles much longer than the calyx ;
calyxes almost nerveless ; teeth lanceolate, acute, hardly shorter
than the tube ; corollas glabrous, ample, campanulate, shortly
tubular at the base. ©. H. Native on the banks of the
Arkansas, Nutt. ; Red River, on the north-west coast, Douglas.
Leaves l^ to 2 inches long. Corolla of G. jmrpilrea, var. ft,
which it resembles in many respects, (Benth.)
Long-leaved Gerardia. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
29 G. LiNiFOLiA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 47.) stem twiggy,
smooth, much branched ; branches floriferous at apex ; leaves
linear, acute, smooth or roughish, longer than the peduncles ;
calyx truncate, campanulate, minutely toothed ; corolla ample,
campanulate, with a downy throat, and ciliated segments. %.
H. Native of North Carolina to Florida, Nuttall ; Alabama,
Dr. Gates. Root creeping. Leaves smooth according to
Nuttall ; but according to Bentham they are rough on the
margins.
Flax-leaved Gerardia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
30 G. PEDUNCULA Ris (Benth. 1. c. p. 209.) leaves linear, with
revolute edges, and are, as well as the stem, very scabrous :
racemes panicled ; peduncles long ; calyx angular, truncate, with
SCROPHULARINEiE. LIV. Gerardia. LV. Sopubia.
559
short acute teeth ; corolla amply campanulate, downy, furnished
with long cilia on the edges, 4 times as long as the calyx. $ . ?
G. Native of Mexico, Tate. This species chiefly differs from
G. purpurea, by the narrow leaves and long peduncles. Cap-
sule globose, longer than the calyx. (Benth.)
Lon^-peduncled Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
31 G. FiLiFOLiA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 48.) leaves filiform,
for the most part alternate, subfasciculate, and are, as well as
the stem, scabrous, ex Benth, smooth, ex Nutt. ; racemes pani-
cled ; floriferous peduncles much longer than the leaves ; calyx
truncate, with short acute teeth ; corolla ample, ventricosely
campanulate. 1/ . ? F. Native of West Florida, Nuttall ; Jack-
sonville, Louisiana, and Texas, Drummond. Intermediate be-
tween G. peduncultiris and G. tcnuifdlia, y ; and is distinguished
from the first in the slender stem and filiform leaves, which are
often fascicled ; and from the last in the large flowers and long
peduncles. (Benth.)
Thread-leaved Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 V. sTRiCTiFOLiA (Benth. 1. c. p. 209.) leaves linear, stiff",
very acute, and are, as well as the stem, much branched, and
rather scabrous ; racemes subpanicled ; peduncles longer than
the leaves ; calyx truncate, with setaceous teeth ; corolla cam-
panulate, about 4 times longer than the calyx. ^ . ? F. Na-
tive of Texas. Habit and foliage almost of G. heteroplii/lla,
with the corolla of G. lenuifblia, but larger; the peduncles are
nearly as long as those of G . Jilifbiia. The anthers are very
woolly, as in G. tenuifdlia.
Strict-leaved Gerardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
S3 G. TENuiFoLiA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 79. Benth. 1. c. p.
209.) stem angular, smoothish ; leaves linear, more or less sca-
brous from pili above ; racemes panicled ; peduncles at length a
little longer than the leaves ; calyx truncate, with very short
acute teeth ; corolla campanulate, smoothish, about 3 times
longer than the calyx ; capsule nearly globose, not exceeding
the calyx. 0. H. Native of the United States, common in
dry sandy forests. G. erecta, Walt. fl. carol. 170. — Plukn.
aim. p. 34. t. 12. f. 4. The following varieties may perhaps be
species, especially the last ; but the characters are very slight.
They all differ from G. peduneularis, by the glabrous, hardly
ciliated corolla ; from G. selacea, by the short capsule, and
habit ; and from G. longifolia, by the truncate calyx with
minute teeth. They have all the same slender branching habit;
the stems always marked with decurrent lines from the base
of the leaves ; the anthers with long, white, woolly hairs.
(Benth.)
Far. ft, parvi/lora (Nutt, in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p. 179.)
flowers smaller; tube of calyx equal in length to the corolla;
teeth acuminated ; fruit larger. ©. H. Native in the prairies
of the Arkansas, above the Verdigris river. Apparently a dis-
tinct species. The stem is less branched, and inclined to grow
taller than the species, whose flowers are larger, with a much
smaller calyx.
Fitie-leaved Gerardia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. i to
1 foot.
34 G. seta'cea (Walt. fl. car. p. 170.) branches slender, and
are, as well as the setaceous leaves, rather scabrous ; flowers
i'ew, on long peduncles ; teeth of calyx short, setaceous ; capsule
ovate, longer than the calyx. ©.? F. Native from Pennsyl-
vania to Carolina, in sandy forests. Allied to G. leiutif'clia.
Far. ft, parvifdlia (Benth. I.e. p. 210.) leaves distant, 3-6
lines long ; flowers racemose. ^ . ? F. Native of Jackson-
ville. This has some resemblance to G. aphijUa, but the leaves
are never reduced to scales. It does not dry so black as other
species of the genus.
(S'e/aceoi/s-leaved Gerardia. PI. 1 foot.
35 G. aphy'lla (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 47.) branches elon-
gated, filiform, nearly naked, scabrous ; leaves short, remote,
linear, or all minute and scale-formed ; flowers pedunculate; calyx
truncate, with very short acute teeth ; capsule globose, exceed-
ing the calyx. ©. F. Native from North Carolina to Florida,
Nuttall ; Jacksonville, Drummond.
Jar. ft,JiUcaulis (Benth. 1. c. p. 210.) branches very slender,
few-flowered ; flowers small.
Far. y, grandijlbra (Benth. 1. c.) branches stiff'; flowers
racemose, rather large.
Leafless Gerardia. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Sect. V. Dargeria (an anagram of Gerardia.) Benth. ger.
in Hook. comp. 1. p. 210. Calyx .5-toothed. Corolla purple ;
segments emarginately bifid. Stamens didynamous ; anthers all
equally 2-celled, fertile. An Indian herb, with pinnate leaves,
and linear segments. Perhaps a proper genus.
36 G. PARviFLORA (Beuth. in Wall. cat. no. 3888. scroph.
ind. p. 48.) stems tall, acutely tetragonal ; racemes numerous,
disposed in an ample panicle ; flowers on short pedicels ; corolla
hardly 2 lines long ; capsule ovate-globose, retuse, a little com-
pressed ; valves recurved at maturity, entire. — Native of the
Himalaya Mountains. Leaves subpinnatifid. Teeth of calyx
short, acute.
SmaU-Jiowered Gerardia. PI. tall.
Cult. All the species of Gerardia are elegant when in blos-
som, but are difficult to cultivate. The hardy species require
to be planted in a bed of peat soil, as they will not grow in pots ;
and they are only to be increased by seeds, and then with much
difficulty. The tender species may be grown in pots, in peat
earth, should any of them hereafter be introduced to our gar-
dens.
LV. SOPU^BIA (Sopuhi srva is the Nawarice name of the
first species.) Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 88.
Gerardia, sect. VI. Sopubia, Benth. ger. in Hook, comp. 1 .
p. 210.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-toothed. Corolla campanulate, tubular at the base ; limb
spreading, 5-lobed, nearly equal ; lobes rounded, entire. Sta-
mens 4, exserted, nearly equal in length, somewhat didynamous,
glabrous. Cells of anthers free, spurred at the base ; the one
tertile, erect ; and the other sterile, small, and diverging, tubu-
lar. Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves
usually bifid. Dissepiment complete, continuous, parallel, pla-
centiferous on both sides. Seeds numerous. — African and In-
dian perennial herbs. Leaves narrow, generally cut. Pedun-
cles 1 -flowered, solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, oppo-
site or alternate, therefore racemose, bibracteate. Corollas pur-
ple or yellow.
1 S. tri'fida (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. p. 88.) stiff",
branched ; leaves pinnate, with linear scabrous segments ; teeth
of calyx ovate, with ciliately membranous edges, much shorter
than the tube. y.. F. Native of tlie Himalaya range of moun-
tains. Common ; Upper Nipaul, at Suembu ; Ceylon, Macrae;
Madagascar, Lyall. Gerardia scabra, Wall. cat. no. 3889.
Benth. scroph. ind. p. 49. but not of Lin. Gerardia Sopiibi.T,
Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. p. 210. Manulea Sopubia, Hamiit.
mss. Leaves pinnate, simple or trifid. Flowers purple, ex
D. Don, 1. c. ; yellow ? Benth. 1. c.
Trijid-leaved Sopubia. PI. | to 1 foot.
2 S. STRi'cTA ; rough, stiff", a little branched ; leaves lan-
ceolate-linear, toothed or cut ; teeth of calyx lanceolate,
acute, naked, much shorter than the tube. 2/ . S. Native
of Martaban and Prome, Wall. Gerardia strieta, Benth. in
7
560
SCROPHULARINEiE. LV. Sopubia. LVI. Seymeria. LVII. Macranthera. LVIII. Esterhazia.
Wall. cat. no. 3S89. scropli. ind. p. 49. ger. 1. c. Corollas pale
purple, like those of <S'. delphinifblia. Capsule globose at the
base, but compressed at top.
Strict Sopubia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 S. DELPHiNiFOLiA ; iiiuch branched, smooth ; leaves pinna-
tifid, with narrow-linear segments ; calyciue teeth linear-subu-
late, longer than the tube. 1/ . S. Native of India, chiefly in
the Peninsula, and as far Nortli as Lohargan, Royle, always in
wet soil, and sometimes even in water. Gerardia delphinifolia,
Lin. spec. p. 848. Roxb. cor. 1. t. 90. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 49. ger. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 211. t. 11. Euphrasia Coro-
mandeliana, Rottl. in Sprang, syst. 2. p. 775. — Plukn. aim. 17.
t. 358. f. 3. Leaves simple, trifid or tripinnatifid. Corolla 7-8
lines long, reddish, with a deep coloured spot on the under lip.
Lower pair of anthers united.
l^ar. ft, parvijldra (Benth. in scroph. ind. p. 49. ger. 1. c. p.
211.) %.S. Gerardia Heyneana, Benth, in Wall. cat. no.
3S91. Corolla 5-6 lines long.
Lark-sjiur-lcaved Sopuhia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
4 S. sca'bra ; glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire,
cuneately 3-5-cleft, with rather scabrous edges ; teeth of calyx
lanceolate, scarcely shorter llian the tube ; corolla tubularly
campanulate, more than 3 times longer than the calyx. 1^. F.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Gerardia scabra, LJn.
suppl. 279. Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. p. 2)1. Stems usu-
ally simple. Flowers almost sessile, near together. Corolla an
inch long, apparently purple. Filaments hairy.
Scabnnis Sopubia. PI. J to 1 foot.
5 S. obtusifolia ; stem liairy at top ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, entire, or a little toothed, obtuse, scabrous, glabrous ; caly-
cine teeth broad-lanceolate, obtuse, scarcely shorter than the
tube, which is a little inflated ; corollas tubularly campanulate,
twice as long as ihe calyx. 1/. S. Native of Madagascar.
Gerardia obtusifolia, Benth. ger. 1. c. p. 211. Flowers similar
to those of »S'. scabra, but the calyx is larger. Filaments
almost glabrous. Empty cells of anthers terminated by a long
point.
Obtuse-leaved Sopubia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 S. FiLiFORMis ; leaves filiform, scabrous ; peduncles oppo-
site, short, 1-flowered, subsolitary. 1/ . S. Native of Guinea,
near Pramprom and Ningo, Thonning. Gerardia filiformis,
Schum. pi. guin. p. 272. Root horizontal. Stem simple at
bottom, and fastigiately branched at top. Corolla pale purple ;
throat large, campanulate. Anthers bipartite ; the lobes ob-
long, unequal, diverging.
Filiform Sopubia. PI. | foot ?
Cult. The species of Sopubia might be grown in pots placed
in pans of water. A peat soil is that best suited to tliem ; and
they may either be increased by cuttings or seeds. They are,
however, extremely difficult to cultivate.
LVL SEYME^RIA (named by Pursh after Henry Seymer,
an English naturalist.) Pursh, fi. amer. sept. 2. p. 737. Benth.
ger. in Hook. comp. p. 203. — Afzelia, Gmel., but not of Smith.
Gerardia species, Michx. and Pers.
LiN. sysT. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate ;
segments 5, linear, longer than the tube. Corolla with a short
tube, and 5 oblong segments, wliich are at length subrotately
spreading. Stamens 4, almost equal in length, rather longer
than the corolla ; anthers erect, all 2-celled and fertile. Stigma
slender. Capsule globose at the base, and compressed at apex.
— Herbs natives of North America. Leaves pinnate, with linear
or filiform segments. Flowers small, somewhat paniculately
racemose. Corollas yellow.
1 S. TENUiFoLiA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 737.) clothed
with fine clammy down; leaves setaceously pinnatifid ; segments
cut; capsule glabrous, beaked. ©. H. Native of Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana, &-e. Gerardia Afzelia, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 20. Afzelia cassioides, Gmel. syst. nat.
927. Gerardia cassioides, Pers. ench. 2. p. 154. Branches
slender. Leaves small, distant. Flowers J an inch in diameter.
Capsule size of a grain of pepper.
Thin-leaved Seymeria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1730. PI. 1
foot.
2 S. pectina'ta (Pursh. 1. c.) downy ; leaves pinnatifid, with
linear, obtuse, rather cut segments ; capsule downy, obtuse.
O. H. Native of South Carolina, Pursh ; Louisiana, Drum-
mond ; from North Carolina to Florida, Pursh. Leaves large,
and their lobes much broader than in the preceding. Capsule
larger, compressed, obtuse, and almost emarginate at apex.
Pec^/na/e-leaved Seymeria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 820. PI.
1 foot.
Cidt. For culture and propagation see Gerardia, p. 559.
LVII. MACRANTHFRA (from /ja^-pof, makros, long;
and aiO(;pa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the long an-
thers.) Torrey, mss. ex Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 203.
— Conradia, Nutt. and Pickering, in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil.
7. p. 88. t. 12. but not of Mart.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Angiospermia, Calyx campanulate,
with 5 linear foliaceous segments, which are longer than the
tube. Corolla tubular ; limb of 5 short, nearly equal, spread-
ing segments. Stamens 4, nearly equal, exserted ; anthers
erect, all 2-celled, fertile. Stigma slender. Capsule nearly glo-
bose, acute. — An erect American herb. Leaves opposite, dis-
sected. Flowers racemose, yellow.
1 M. FUCHSiofnES (Benth. 1. c.) %. H. Native of the
southern states of North America ; Louisiana, Drummond.
Conradia fuchsioides, Nutt. 1. c. Plant slightly downy. Seg-
ments of the leaves lanceolate : those of the lower ones divided.
Racemes long, unilateral. Peduncles opposite, spreading or
slightly reflexed. Flowers erect. Corolla an inch long, slightly
incurved at the top ; mouth oblique. Stamens downy. (Benth.)
Leaves like those of GerHrdia qucrcifblia, ex Nutt.
Fuchsia-like Macranthera. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cidt. For culture and propagation see Gcrdrdia, p. 559.
LVIII. ESTERHA'ZIA (probably named after some mem-
ber of the family of Prince Esterhazy.) Mikan, del. pi. et faun,
bras. t. 5. Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 203. — Virgularia
species. Mart. — Gerardia species, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea,
vol. 3.
Lin. syst. Didynumia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
S-toothed. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped ; lobes of the limb
ovate-roundish, nearly equal. Stamens didynamous, exserted,
villous : anthers all fertile ; cells very villous, acute at the base.
— Much branched shrubs, natives of Brazil, naked at the base.
Leaves usually opposite, quite entire, rather fleshy. Flowers
disposed in short racemes, pedicellate towards the top of the
branches ; pedicels bracteate.
1 E. campe'stris (Spix et Mart, reise in bras. 1. p. 397.)
leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate, contracted
at the base, 1 -nerved : floral ones exceeding the peduncles;
raceir.es almost simple. T? . G. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Alinas Cieraes, in the Diamond district. Virgularia
campestris. Mart. gen. bras. 3. p. 7. t. 203.
Field Esterhazia. Shrub.
2 E. monta'na (Spix, et Mart. 1. c.) leaves linear, acute at
both ends, 1 -nerved, fascicled ; flowers exceeding the calyxes ;
SCROPHULARINE^. LVIII. Esteriiazia. LIX. Glossostylis. LX. Phtheirospermum. LXI. Escobedia, &c. 561
racemes com|50iiiid. ^ . G. Native of tlie province of Minas
Geraes, Martius ; tropical Brazil, Sello. Virgularia montana,
Mart. 1. c. 3. p. y. t. 204. Gerardia cscsarea, Cham, et Schlecht,
in Linncea, 3. p. 17.
Moimlain Esteriiazia. Shrub.
a E. sple'ndida (Mikan, del. pi. et faun. bras. t. 5.) leaves
narrow-lanceolate, acute, narrowed into tiie petioles at the base;
racemes nearly simple, few-floweicd, leafy. fj . G. Native of
tropical Brazil, Mart, and Sello. Virgularia splendida, Mart,
gen. bras. 3. p. 11. Gerardia gnidioides, Cham, et Schlecht,
in Linnaea, 3. p. 1 G. Segments of corolla ovate, very blunt,
ciliated. According to Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. the 3 foregoing
species run so into each other, tliat they may only be varieties
of one.
Splendid Esterhazia. Shrub.
4 E. MACRODONTA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 8. p. 26.)
leaves lanceolate, narrowed at the base, acute and mucronate at
apex ; panicle terminal, pyramidal, comose, composed of 2-
flowered branches ; peduncles exceeding the leaves and branch-
lets ; teeth of calyx subulately acuminated. ^ . G. Native of
Brazil. Corolla villous outside; segments ciliated, and gla-
brous on both surfaces. Filaments villous or bearded.
Long-toothed Esterhazia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gerardia, p. 559.
LIX. GLOSSO'STYLIS (from y\w(Ttia,glossa, a tongue; and
arvXoQ, stylos, column ; in allusion to the form of the stigma in
G. dspera.) Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 3. p. 22. Benth.
ger. in Hook. comp. p. 211. — Gerardia species, Vahl. Starbia,
Pet. Th. gen. mad. p. 7. ?
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospirmia. Calyx campanulate,
4 to 5-toothed. Corolla obliquely campanulate, with a short
5-lobed limb ; limb the largest below. Stamens didyna-
mous. Cells of anthers all equal and fertile, acute at the
base. Seeds small, with a thin, linear-cuneated membrane.
— Rough erect herbs, with the habit of Melamj>ijrum, natives of
America, South Africa, and South Asia. Leaves opposite, sinu-
ately toothed : floral ones or bracteas broadest at the base, and
more deeply toothed, acuminated at apex. Flowers nearly ses-
sile, solitary, alternate, spicate.
1 G. Ave'nsis (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 49. ger. 1. c. p. 211.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, cuneated at the base, on
very short petioles, and are, as well as the stem, rough from
tubercles ; teeth of calyx broad, acute, with short cilia. ©. S.
Native on Ti.ong Dong, a mountain near Ava.
Ava Glossostylis. Fl. 1 to 2 feet.
2 G. a'spera (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 3. p. 23.)
leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, truncately cordate at
the base, and are, as well as the stem, hispid and very rough ;
teeth of calyx broad, acute, and are, as well as the bracteas, his-
pid. ©. S. Native of Brazil, at Bahia, Salzmann ; and Rio
Janeiro, in ditches, Chamisso. Corolla 5 lines long. Stigma
lanceolate, cochleate, uncinately recurved. Capsule size of a
pea.
Rough Glossostylis. PI. Ij to 3 feet.
3 G. Cape'nsis (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 50. ger. 1. c. p. 212.)
leaves nearly sessile, ovate-cordate : lower ones obtuse : supe-
rior ones acuminated, and are, as well as the stem, scabrous from
minute tubercles, and smooth ; calycine teeth lanceolate, very
acute, and are, as well as the bracteas, nearly naked, glabrous.
©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, and INLidagascar.
Rhinanthus sc^ber, Thunb. prod. p. 98. ? Bartsia scabra,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 775. Gerardia sessiliflora, Vahl, symb. 2.
p. 79. According to Hentham, there is a specimen in Hooker's
Herbarium which appears to be a fourth species of this genus
with the leaves of G. Capemis, but hispid, like G. dspera, with
VOL. IV.
larger and more foliaceous calyxes than any of the other spe-
cies.
Cape Glossostyles. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Sopubia, p. 560.
LX. PHTHEIROSPERMUM (from fjjdeipo,, phtheiro, to
corrupt ; and (nreppa, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the seeds
being wrapped in a spongy reticulated membrane.) Bunge.
Fisch. et Meyer, ind. sem. hort. petrop. 1835. Benth. ger. in
Hook. comp. 1. p. 212.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-cleft. Corolla campanulately ringent ; upper lip flat, bifid ;
lobes replicate : lower lip a little longer and trifid ; throat
gaping. Stamens didynamous, almost straight; anthers free;
with mucronate parallel cells. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule beak-
ed, compressed, 2-valved, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds ob-
long, angular, wrapped in a spongy reticulated membrane.
1 P. Chine'nsis (Bunge, 1. c.) ©. H. Native of the
North of China. — An annual or biennial herb, with the habit,
leaves, calyx, and capsule of Pedicularis palustris ; but the
corolla is almost that of Mimulus, of a dirty red colour ; throat
marked by 2 yellow lines.
Chiiia Phtheirospermum. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Sopubia, p. 560.
LXI. ESCOBE'DIA (named after George Escobedo, a
Spanish naturalist.) Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. et chil. p. 158.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 371. Benth. in Hook,
comp. 1. p, 202.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx long, tubular,
pentagonal, 5-cleft at apex ; segments acute, spreading a little.
Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a long slender tube ; and an ample,
5-lobed, oblique, spreading limb. Stamens didynamous, in-
closed ; anthers all fertile, linear-sagittate ; cells awned at the
base. Capsule covered by the calyx, 2-celled, 2-valved. —
American herbs, with generally opposite leaves. Peduncles ax-
illary, solitary, 1 -flowered, bibracteate. Flowers large, showy,
white.
1 E. scABRiFoLiA (Ruiz. et Pav. 1. c. p. 159. H. B. et
Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 571. t. 174.) leaves ovate and
oblong, cordate at the base, toothed, scabrous on both surfaces.
If. . G. Native of New Granada, among stones between the
town of Mariquita and the mine of Santa Anna, at the altitude
of 530 hexapods, Humb. et Bonpl. ; Eastern declivities of the
Cordillera of Peru, Mathews ; Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, Langsdorff. Branches furrowed, hairy. Leaves sessile,
4 inches long. Both species are called Asa/ran by the natives
of New Granada.
Rough-leaved Escobedia. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
2 E. linea'ris (Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p. 246.) leaves long-
linear, denticulated. 1^. G. Native of Mexico, in grassy
places at the Hacienda de la Laguna. C. Ise'vis, Cham, et
Schlecht, in Linnaea, 5. p. 108. Leaves 4-5 inches long, sca-
brous. Tube of corolla 4 inches long, and the limb 2 inches in
diameter.
Linear-leaved Escobedia. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gerardia, p. 550.
LXII. PHYSOCA'LYX (from (pvaa, physa, a bladder ; and
KoXvi,, a. calyx ; in reference to the inflated calyx.) Pohl, pi.
bras. 1. p. 65. t. 5S. Mart. bras. 3. p. 2, 3. t. 201, 202.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx inflated, 5-
tootlied, coloured. Corolla tubularly salver-shaped ; limb
spreading, somewhat equally 5-lobed. Stamens didynamous,
inclosed. Anthers all fertile ; cells shortly awned at the base.
4 C
562 SCROPHULARINEiE. LXII. Physocalyx. LXIII. Melasma. LXIV. Gasiromeria. LXV. Centranthera.
FIG. 54.
— Shrubs natives of Brazil, densely covered with erect, thickish,
quite entire, opposite or alternate leaves. Peduncles axillary,
1 -flowered, bibracteate, racemose at the tops of the branches.
Corollas red or blood-coloured. The three species are very
nearly allied, and are scarcely distinct.
1 P. maVor (Mart. bras. 3. p. 2. t. 201.) leaves ovate or
ovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate ; bracteoles subidately linear,
beneath the flowers ; filaments glabrous ; anthers bearded on
the back. 1^ . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, in the Diamond district, Martius ; on Sierra da Muela,
Sello.
Larger Physocalyx. Shrub.
2 P. mi'nor (Mart. 1. c. p.
3. t. 202.) leaves obovate,
acutish ; bracteas subulately
linear under the flowers ; fila-
ments glabrous ; anthers beard-
ed on the back. J; • ^' N^'
live along with the preceding,
in the Diamond district, Mar-
tius (fig. 54.)
Smaller Physocalyx. Shrub
1 foot.
3 P. AURANTf ACUS (Pohl, pi.
bras. 1. p. G5. t. 53.) leaves
obovate-elliptic ; bracteas ob-
long-lanceolate under the flow-
ers ; filaments villous above,
and the anthers on the back.
Tj . G. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Minas Geraes ;
on Serro Frio ; and on the tops of mountains, in arid, gravelly,
rocky places, between Rio Jetiquinhonha, on the road between
Bonfin and Villa de Fanado. Leaves oval-elliptic, obtuse, ses-
sile, ex Pohl.
Orange-coloured-c?i\y\.eA. Physocalyx. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ger/irdki, p. 559.
LXIII. MELA'SMA (from jxtKuQ, melas, black ; application
not evident in any way, unless from the plants turning black on
drying — a circumstance common to this order.) Berg. cap. t. 3.
Gsertn. fruct. t. 55. Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. p. 202.
Nigrina, Lin. mant. p. 42. — Gerardia species, Lin. fil. suppl.
278. Physocalyx and Lyncea species, Cham, et Schlecht, in
Linnsea.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia, Calyx loose, folia-
ceous, at length inflated, 5-cleft at apex. Corolla campanulately
funnel-shaped ; lobes of limb short, broad. Stamens subdidy-
namous, shorter than the corolla ; anthers all fertile ; cells api-
culate at the base. — American or Cape herbs ; with usually op-
posite leaves ; and axillary, 1 -flowered, bracteate pedicels, which
are disposed in a subracemose manner.
1 M. ? Hi'spiDUM (Benth. 1. c.) plant hispid from white pili ;
leaves lanceolate, a little toothed, narrowed at the base ; pedun-
cles bracteate at apex. %. G. Native of Mexico, near Haci-
enda de La Laguna, Schiede and Deppe. Lyncea hispida,
Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 5. p. 108, and 8. p. 24. Leaves
alternate or falsely opposite, on short petioles, quite entire or
sinuately denticulated. Calycine segments 3-nerved. Lobes
of corolla obtuse.
Hispid Melasma. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 M. HHiNANTHofDEs (Benth. 1. c.) plant very scabrous;
leaves oblong, a little toothed, hardly narrowed at the base ;
peduncles shorter than the calyx, bracteate in the middle. 1/ .
G. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande, in many places, Sello and
Tweedie. Physocalyx rhinanthoides, Cham, et Schlecht, in
1
Linnsea, 8. p. 23. Floriferous calyx about half an inch long.
Corolla nearly an inch long. Fructiferous calyx resembling that
of Physalis. Capsule obtuse ; valves apparently entire, ex
Benth. Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, toothed, ex Cham.
1. c.
Yellow-rattle-like Melasma. PI. a span to 2 feet.
3 M. sca'brum (Berg. fl. cap. 162. t. 3. f. 4.) leaves lanceo-
late, broadest at the base, toothed, scabrous ; peduncles longer
than the calyx, bracteate in the middle. % . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Nigrina viscosa, Lin. mant. p. 42. Ge-
rardia Nigrina, Lin. suppl. 278, Flowers closely resembling
those of the preceding, and of the same size. Teeth of calyx
rather shorter ; and corolla rather fuller, ex Benth.
Scabrous Melasma. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gerardia, p. 559.
LXIV. GASTROMFRI A (from yaarr^p, gaster, a belly ; and
fiepiQ, meris, a part; in reference to the inflated calyx.) D.
Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. vol. 1. in a note imder no. 75. —
Lophospermutn species, D, Don, in Lin. trans, vol. 15. p. 35S.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx almost glo-
bose, membranous, inflated, 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate,
nearly equal at the base ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. Stamens 4,
didynamous ; filaments glabrous ; anthers oblong ; cells con-
fluent at apex, loose at the base, diverging, mutic. Ovarium 2-
celled ; dissepiment placentiferous on both sides ; ovula minute,
angular, very numerous. Fruit unknown. ^ — -A Mexican shrub,
scabrous from callous bristles. Leaves opposite, on short peti-
oles, oblong, acute, toothed, pinnately nerved. Flowers axillary,
solitary, pedunculate. Peduncles bibracteate. Calyx green.
Corolla large, purple ? an inch and a half long.
1 G. physaloi'des. It . G. Native of Mexico, Sesse and
Mocinno. Lophospermum physaloides, D. Don, in Lin. trans.
15. p. 353. Scrophul;\ria physaloides, Moc. et Sesse, mss.
Physalis-like Gastromeria. Shrub erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gerardia, p. 559.
LXV. CENTRANTHE'RA (from wrrpor, ieM/ron, a spur ;
and aiQrjpa, antliera, an anther ; cells of anthers mucronate or
spurred.) R. Br. prod. p. 438. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 50.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx compressed,
cleft on one side, entire, or at length somewhat 4-cleft. Corolla
tubular or funnel-shaped; limb spreading or bilabiate; lobes 5,
roundish : the lower one the largest. Stamens shorter than the
corolla. Anthers approximate by pairs, 2-celled ; cells parallel
or transverse, mucronate or spurred. Stigma oblong, thickened.
Capsule ovoid or oblong, 2-valved; valves entire. Seeds minute,
with a loose aril-formed testa. — Erect or diffuse, scabrous, stiff
herbs, becoming black on drying. Leaves almost sessile, oppo-
site, oblong or lanceolate, quite entire or few-toothed. Flowers
sessile, alternate, or the lower ones are opposite, usually secund :
lower ones remote : superior ones sometimes spiked.
1 C. GRANDiFLORA (Beutli. in Wall. cat. no. 3880. scroph.
ind. p. 850.) erect, glabrous, scabrous from tubercles ; flowers
secund, approximate, large ; calyx oblong, inflated, cleft on one
side and very acute on the other. 1^. ? G. Native of Silhet,
on the mountains, Wall. Calyx 9 lines long. Corolla 21
lines long, purplish.
Great-flowered Centranthera. Pi.
2 C. m'spiDA (R. Br. prod. 438.) erect, clothed with hoary
pili ; flowers remote ; calyx ovate, cleft on one side and acutely
2-3-cleft on the other. ©. G. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic, R. Br. ; East Indies, throughout Hindostan, Nipaul,
Kamaon, and the mountains of Prome, Wall. ; and at Kidar-
konta, Royle. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 39. t. 45. C. Nepal-
SCROPHULARINE^. LXV. Centranthera. LXVI. Veronica.
563
ensis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 88. Digitalis stricta, Roxb. fl.
ind. 3. p. 09. Gumteolis, Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, 1. c. Co-
rollas purplish.
Hispid Centranthera. PI. | to 1 foot.
3 C. Brunonia'na (Wall. cat. no. 3S82. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 50.) erect, hispid ; flowers remote ; calyx oblong, cleft on
one side and acute on the other. ©.? G. Native of the Bir-
mann Empire, at Moolmyne and Martaban, Wall.
Brown's Centranthera. PI. ^ foot ?
4 C. humifusa (W^all. cat. no. 3883. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 50.) diffuse, humble, much branched, almost glabrous ; flow-
ers distant ; calyx ovate, cleft on one side and acutish or bifid
on the other. ©. ? G. Native of the Peninsula of India,
\Vight; at Nathpur, Hamilt. RazumoviaTranquebarica, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 812.? Calyx hardly 2 lines long. Corolla 4 lines
long.
Trailing Centranthera. PI. diffuse.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Sopiibia, p. SCO.
Tribe V.
VERONI'CEJi (This tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus leronica in the characters indicated below.) D.Don,
in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 19. p. 111. Benth. scroph. ind. p.
43. Calyx 4-5-parted, imbricate in estivation. Corolla rotate
or funnel-formed, 4-lubed, rarely irregularly bilabiate. Stamens
2-4, exserted, distant, nearly equal, all antheriferous. Anthers
incumbent; cells parallel, distinct. Stigma capitate or slender.
Capsule membranous, 2-valved, with a loculicidal dehiscence ;
valves usually bifid or bipartite. Dissepiment narrow, com-
posed of 2 separable lamina ; placenta short, inserted into
the middle of the dissepiment. Seeds compressed, naked
or inclosed in an aril-fortned testa. Albumen cartilaginous.
Embryo minute, terete, located in the base of the albumen. —
Herbs or under-shrubs, common in the temperate zones of both
hemispheres. Leaves usually opposite. Flowers axillary, ter-
minal, or racemose, blue, white, or red.
LXVI. VERO'NICA (the derivation of this word is uncer-
tain. Linnajus says it is changed or corrupteil from Vetonica,
from the Vetones, a people of Spain ; but that confounds it
with Betonica. Limery derives it from ver, the spring. There
is also a Roman female saint of the name of Veronica.) Tourn.
inst. t. 60. Lin. gen. no. 25. Schreb. gen. no. 32. Juss.
gen. p. 99. Gaertn. fruct. t. 54. R. Br. prod. p. 434. Lam.
ill. t. 13. f. 4. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 44.
Lin. syst. Didndrin, Monogijnia. Calyx 4, rarely 5-part-
ed, campanulate or compressed. Corolla rotate, with a very
short tube, and a 4-parted spreading limb ; segments all entire :
upper one the broadest. Stamens 2, situated at the sides of the
upper segment of the corolla, diverging, without any vestige of
the lower ones. Anthers 2-celled ; cells confluent at top.
Stigma hardly thickened. Valves of capsule septiferous in the
middle or bipartible. Seeds naked. — Herbs, under-shrubs, or
shrubs. Leaves opposite, alternate, or verticillate. Inflo-
rescence axillary, racemose, or spicate. Flowers blue, white,
or red.
Sect. I. Veronica (see genus for derivation.) Reichb.
Benth. scroph. ind. p. 44. Capsule swollen, emarginate at top,
Seeds oblong, compressed a little.
^ 1 . Racemes terminal.
* Leaves verticillate, and opposite, serrated. Racemes
numerous.
1 V. FOLiosA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 106. t. 102.) leaves
3-4 in a whorl, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, deeply and unequally
serrated. %.Y\. Native of Hungary ; Galicia ; about Halle,
in Saxony, in humid meadows. Schrad. spic. p. Sb. Willd.
enum. p. 18. Spreng. fl. hal. p. 6. no. 9. t. 1. f. 2. V.
brevifolia, Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 6. ? V, triquetra. Kit. Root
creeping, scaly. Leaves cuneated at the base, glabrous, shining.
Racemes long, and loose. Flouers blue, or purple. Bracteas
one half shorter than the pedicels. Calycine segments obtuse,
shorter than the capsule.
Var. ft, nitida ; taller and more glabrous. %.V{. V. nitida,
Ehrh. pi, exsicc. no. 21. V. maritima, ft, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 5o.
I ar. y, spiiria. 1/. H. V. spuria, Spreng. fl. hal. t. 1. f. 1.
Leaftj Speedwell. Fl. Julv, Sept. Clt. 1805. PI. 2 to 4
feet.
2 V. crenula'ta (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 57. Hoffm. phyt. blat.
p. 95. t. E. f. 3.) leaves 3 in a whorl, and opposite, oblong-lan-
ceolate, subcordate ; calycine segments acute ; segments of
corolla undulated and crenulated. 1/. H. Native country
unknown. V. villosa, Schrad. Stem downy at top. Racemes
downy. Leaves villous, or downy. Capsule glabrous.
Crenulaled-Rov/erei Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1814.
PI. U foot.
3 V. MARITIMA (Lin. spec. p. 13. fl. suec. no. 8. fl. lapp. p.
4.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base,
deeply and doubly serrated, and are, as well as the stems gla-
brous ; calycine segments shorter than the capsule. 1/ . H.
Native of the North of Europe. Retz, obs. 1. p. 9. Hoffm.
phyt. blat. t. E. f 2. Schrad. comra. ver. p. 29. t. 1. f. 1.
Vahl, enum. 1. p. 57.? Vahl, fl. dan. t. 374. Racemes dense.
Flowers blue, purple, or white. Leaves in some varieties
opposite, and in others the flowers are white. This is a very
variable plant.
Sea-side Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1570. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
4 V. Ticine'nsis (Poll. fl. veron. 3. append, p. 768.) leaves
3-4 in a whorl, and opposite, linear-lanceolate, acuminated, ser-
rated, and are, as well as the calyxes and capsules, glabrous.
1/ . H. Native about Ticin, in humid meadows. V. mari-
tima, Noc. et Balb. fl. tic. 1. p. 6, but not of Lin. V. Hostii,
Moretti, in bibl. ital. 12. p. 369. — Tab. kreut. 2. p. 99. f. 4.
Racemes terminal, numerous. Flowers azure blue.
Ticin Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
5 V. spu'ria (Lin. spec. p. 13.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, or
opposite, lanceolate, cuneated at the base, simply serrated,
downy; serratures equal. 1^. H. Native of the South of
Europe, Siberia, &c. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 57, exclusive of the
syn. of Pollich. Schrad. ver. no. 19. t. 2. f. 4. V. amethystina,
Willd. enum. 1. p. 17. V. rubella. Pall. — Barrel, icon. t. 891.
— Gmel. itin. 1. p. 169. t. 39. This differs from V.foliosa in the
more slender habit, in the lanceolate, more acute, simply and
equally serrated leaves, in the bracteas being about equal in
length to the pedicels, not much shorter.
Spurious Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
6 V. serrula'ta (Pall, in herb. Willd. Link, jahrb. 1-3. p.
38.) stem slender, tomentose ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl,
petiolate : lower ones oblong : superior ones alternate, lanceo-
late, attenuated at the base, serrulated ; lower bracteas longer
than the pedicels; calyx downy. %.. H. Native of Siberia.
Flowers blue, or purple.
Serrulaled-\en\eA Speedwell. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 V. Stephaniana (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. p. 96.) stem
slender, tomentose ; leaves opposite, and 3 in a whorl, lanceo-
late, attenuated at the base, acute, serrated, white from fine
4C 2
564
SCROPHULARINE^. LXVI. Veronica.
tomentum ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels. 1/ . H. Native
of Persia. V. mollis, Link, jahrb. 1-3. p. 39, but not of Zea.
Very nearly allied to F. siiuria, but differs in the whole plant
being white from tomentum.
Stephanas Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
8 V. panicula'ta (Pall. itin. 1. p. 196.) downy; leaves op-
posite, and 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, attenuated and entire at
the base, sharply and distantly serrated, stems ascending. 1/ .
H. Native of Tartary, Siberia, and Caucasus. Lepechin, itin.
1. p. 206. V. capitulata, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 466. V. virgata,
Willd. herb. Link, jahrh. 1-3. p. 3!). V. spilria, Gmel. itin. 1.
p. 169. t. 39. Bleb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 6. V. brevifolia, Bieb.
fl. cauc. 1. p. 6. ex Stev. in mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 338. V. an-
gustifolia, floribus paniculatis, Amm. ruth. p. 32. Racemes
very long and loose. Flowers blue, or purple. Calyx 4-5-
cleft, hairy, ciliated, ex Poir.
Far. ft, kucdnt/ia ; flowers white. 7^. H. Native of Altaia.
V. leucantha. Helm. mem. soc. mosc. 2. p. 104. t. 8. V.
Altaica, Fisch. cat. hort. gorenki, 1812.
Panicled-Rov/ered Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1797.
PI. 1 to li foot.
9 V. complica'ta (Hoffm. phyt. blatt. p. 98. t. E. f. 4.) leaves
opposite, rarely 3 in a whorl, complicate, lanceolate, toothed ;
teeth thickened. 7/. H. Native of Europe. Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 58. Willd. enum. 1. p. 18. Radical leaves hoary, and more
elliptic. Plant downy. Leaves coarsely crenate-toothed.
Flowers blue, or purple. Leaves very long and narrow. Very
nearly allied to F. longifblia.
Complicaie-]ea\ed Speedwell. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt 1812.
PI. 2 feet.
10 V. azure A (Schott, ex Link, enum. 1. p. 22.) leaves
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, very long, gradually attenuated,
sharply serrated even to the apex : the lower serratures deep ;
bracteas longer than the pedicels. %. H. Native country
unknown. Plant downy. Leaves 3 inches long, and 4 lines
broad, form of those of F. complicata ; the serratures are also
similar, but much longer, fewer, and larger. Flowers blue, or
purple.
^2ure-blue Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Ch. 1821. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
11 V. gla'bra (Ehrh. pi. exsic. no. 11. Vahl. enum. 1. p.
358. Link, enum. 1. p. 21.) leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, quite entire at the
apex, simply serrated, and are, as well as the stems, glabrous :
serratures remote, nearly equal. 1/ . H. Native of the South
of Europe. Schrad. comm. ver. t. 1. f. 4. Willd. enum. 1. p.
17. Tliis species is readily distinguished by its smoothness.
It differs from F. argula in its greater stature, in the leaves
being longer, broader, and more equally serrated. Petioles
ciliated. Lower leaves subcordate at the base. Flowers blue,
or purple. There is also a variety with white flowers. This
is, probably, nothing but a glabrous variety of F. maritima.
G/nfcrous Speedwell. FL July, Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 to
4 feet.
12 V. persicifo'lia (Schott. hort. vind. Link enum. 1. p. 21.)
leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate,
long-acuminated, serrated even to the apex ; bracteas longer
than the pedicels. % . H. Native country unknown. Stem
glabrous at bottom. Leaves 3 inches long, and 7-8 lines broad,
glabrous. Lower bracteas long. Calyx rather downy. Corollas
blue. This seems to be intermediate between F. loiigifolia,
and F. marilima, but differs from both in the leaves being at-
tenuated at the base.
Peach-leaved ^-^teeAvieW. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
13 V. ela'tiok (Ehrh. pi. exsic. no. 31. Willd. enum. 1.
p. 17. Bieb. suppl. p. 8.) glabrous; leaves 3 in a whorl, lan-
ceolate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, doubly and
deeply serrated: the serratures at the base deeper. %. H.
Native of the South of Europe, and Caucasus. V. maritima,
Bieb. taur. no. 15, exclusive of the syn. Gorter ingr. p. 2. V.
spicata urticaj folio, Amm. ruth. no. 35. — Riv. raon. t. 97.
Bases of the superior leaves cuneated, of the lower ones sub-
cordate. Corollas blue or purple.
Tall Speedwell. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1808. PI. 4 to
7 feet.
14 V. longibractea'ta (Link, enum. 1. p. 20.) stem smooth-
ish ; leaves opposite, and 3 in a whorl, oblong, or lanceolate,
acute, serrated, gradually attenuated at the base ; lower bracteas
foliaceous, quite entire. 1{ . H. Native country unknown.
V. m^dia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 16. Leaves 3 inches long, and
5 lines broad, serrated, downy, ciliated. Lower bracteas much
longer than the flowers. Corollas blue.
Far. ft ; stem smoothish ; leaves from oblong, gradually atte-
nuated at the base. %. H. V. hybrida, Willd. diar. Schrad.
1799. p. 3S8. Leaves 5 inches long, and 1| inch broad, long-
acuminated.
Long-bracted Speedwell. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
15 V. ni'tens (Link, enum. 1. p. 20, under V. nitida.) leaves
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, ovate, acute, attenuated at the base,
serrated in the middle, and sub-serrated at apex, glabrous. 1/ .
H. Native of Europe. V. arguta, Willd. enum. 1. p. 16. ex
Link. Plant glabrous. Leaves 2^ inches long, and 1 broad.
Bracteas longer than the pedicels. Corollas blue. This species
differs from F. argula in the leaves being shorter and broader,
and racemes long.
Far. ft,falcata ; serratures of leaves approximate, curved,
■y. H. V. falcata. Mart. enum. hort. erl. p. 10. Corollas
blue.
Shining Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
16 V. argu'ta (Schrad. comm. ver. no. 7. t. 2. f. 2.) downy;
leaves lanceolate, acute, simply serrated, quite entire at base
and apex, opposite, clothed with hoary down : serratures re-
mote, equal, simple. 1(1. H. Native in the groves of Ticin.
Vahl, enum. 1. p. 360. Moretti, giorn. de fis. dec. 2. vol. 5. p.
41. V. media, Moretti, bibl. ital. dec. 1816. t. 4. vol. 4. p.
494. Leaves cuneated at the base, deflexed, hoary, but rather
naked above. Racemes numerous. Bracteas longer than the
pedicels. There is a variety of this with more slender stems,
and narrower leaves.
Far. ft ; raceme spicate, solitary ; leaves not half so broad as
those of the species.
Sharp-ioothed Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1812. PI.
2 feet.
17 V. me'dia (Schrad. comm. ver. no. 8. t. 1. f. 2.) leaves
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, acute, serrated, and are, as
well as the stems, clothed with tomentose down : serratures
approximate, unequal. 1/ . H. Native of Carniola, Hungary,
Bohemia, &c. in hedges and humid meadows. Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 359. Link, enum. 1. p. 21. N. longifolia, Fl. de wetter,
no. 13. Roth, fl. germ. 2. p. 7. Mocnch. meth. p. 433. V.
spiiria and V. incana, Schmidt. Leaves cuneated at tlie base.
Calycine segments shorter than the capsule. Flowers blue, or
purple.
Middle Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 to
4 feet.
18 V. austra'lis (Schrad. 1. c. no. 9. t. 2. f. 3.) leaves
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, simply serrated,
quite entire at top, and are, as well as the stems, downy : serra-
SCROPHULARINE^. LXVI. Veronica.
565
tures approximate, unequal. %. H. Native of the South of
Europe. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 360. Willd. cnum. 1. p. 17.
Link, enum. 1. p. 21. V. longibiacteata, ji, pohocaulis, Link,
jahib. 1-3. p. 36. Radical leaves ovale. Racemes spicate, 2-3
inches long. Bracteas linear-lanceolate, about equal in length
to the calyx, or exceeding it : lower ones longer. Flowers
blue, or purple.
Southern Speedv/eW. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1812. PI. U to
2 feet.
19 V. longifo'lia (Lin. spec. p. 13.) leaves opposite, or 3-4
in a whorl, cordate-lanceolate, acuminated, doubly serrated,
and are, as well as the stem, clothed with downy tomentum.
If. ■ H. Native throughout Europe and Siberia, in humid mea-
dows. Schrad. comm. ver. p. 26. t. 2. f. 1. Wahl. fl. lapp. p.
S. V. maiitiraa, Hoffm. comm. goett. 1800. p. 118. exclusive
of the synonymes. Spreng. fl. lial. t. 1. f. 3, with leaves 3 in a
whorl. V. ciliaris, Hoff"m. comm. goett. 1. c. t. o. V. mari-
tima, Schmidt, boh. no. 5, and of many other authors, V.
spiiria, Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 9. Thuill. fl. par. ed. 2d. p. 6.
V. aciita. Mart. enum. hort. erl. p. 12. — Besl. eyst. vern. t. 10.
f. 2. V. urticaefolia, Amm. ruti). p. 26, with leaves 4 in a
whorl. V. spicata longifolia altera, Amm. rutli. 34. Calyx
unequal, equal in length to the capsule. Flowers blue, or
purple. Lower bracteas longer than the flowers. Leaves op-
posite in the true specimens of Lin.
P'^ar. a, angusiifbim (Link, enum. 1. p. 22.) leaves narrow,
lanceolate. %. V. maritima, Willd. enum. p. 18. Wahl. fl.
ups. p. 3. Ehrh. in goett. gel. anz. 1821. 1766.
Far. /3, latijblia (Link, I. c.) leaves broad-lanceolate. %. H.
V. longifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 19. V. grossa. Mart. hort.
erl. p. 12. Leaves deeply serrated.
Var. y, abbreviata (Link, 1. c.) lower leaves generally short-
acuminated. %. H. V. acilta, Mart. hort. erl. p. 13. V.
rigens, Mart. 1. c. in which the leaves are hardly cordate. V.
ambigua, Mart.
Var. S, subinclsa (Link, 1. c.) leaves deeply serrated, like
those of V. elatior, but smaller.
Far. £, quadrifuUa (Schkuhr.) leaves 4 in a whorl. V. peti-
olkris, Lapeyr. and V. Schieberi, Lapeyr.
Long-leaved Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. CIt. 1731. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
20 V. RAMo'sA (Pall, ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. p. 39.) stem
downy ; stem leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, remotely
serrulated : rameal ones opposite, crowded, linear : uppermost
ones quite entire. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia. This is a very
showy species.
Branched Speedwell. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * Leaves always opposite, never verl'willate, serrated and
crenated. Racemes numerous or solitary. Plants usually fur-
nished with sterile surculi, or branches.
21 V. negle'cta (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 59.) white from hoary
tomentum ; leaves lanceolate, crenately serrated, acute, cune-
ated at the base, and quite entire. '2;. H. Native of Hungary
and Siberia, on hills. Willd. enum. 1. p. 15. V. canescens,
Schrad. comm. ver. no. 3. Link, enum. 1. p. 21. V. intana,
Waldst. et Kit. 3. p. 271. t. 244. Besser. fl. gall. p. 28.
Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2d. 1. p. 18. Radical leaves oblong,
obtuse. Cauline leaves opposite, or alternate, attenuated at
both ends : uppermost ones quite entire. Bracteas usually
longer than the flowers. Racemes spicate, usually numerous,
seldom solitary. Flowers blue, or purple.
Neglected Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797. PI. U
to 2 feet.
22 V. inca'na (Lin. spec. p. 14. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 59.)
white from hoary tomentum ; leaves lanceolate, oblong, cre-
nated, and nearly entire, obtuse. %. H. Native of the Ukraine
and Samara, and Altaia. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 7. suppl. p. 9.
Hoffm. in comm. gott. 15. p. 123. t. 6. Steven, mem. niosc.
5. p. 339. V. canescens. Pall. itin. 2. p. 522. — Amm. ruth,
no. 30. Stem simple. Radical leaves a foot long, ovate-oblong,
very blunt. Raceme spicate, terminal, solitary. Flowers blue,
or purple. There is a variety of this having all the cauline
leaves, or only the upper ones, quite entire.
Hoary Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. Pi. i to
1 foot.
23 V. cartilagi'nea (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 210. fl. alt.
1. p. 28.) stem downy: leaves glabrous: lower ones opposite,
spatulate, serrated towards the apex : superior ones alternate,
linear, serrulated ; lower bracteas exceeding the calyxes ; calyx
4-parted, with ovate, 3-nerved, glabrous, ciliated segments. 'J/.
H. Native of Dauria, near Nertschinsk. Surculose at the
base. Raceme usually solitary. Corolla blue.
Cartilaginous Speedwell. Pi. 1 to 2 feet.
24 V. rubicu'nda (Ledeb fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 208. fl. alt. l.p.
28.) villously downy ; leaves tapering into the petioles, oblong,
or lanceolate, serrated ; bracteas all longer than the pedicels,
and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with glandular hairs. 1(..
H. Native of Dauria. Superior leaves sub-alternate, coarsely
serrated. Racemes several. Calyx 4-parted, unequal, obtuse.
Corollas showy, rose-coloured. Perhaps the same as F. rubella,
Pall. Said to be nearly allied to V. serrulata. Pall, and F.
elegans, D. C, but differs from the first in the leaves being
opposite, and from both in the leaves not being petiolate, but
tapering to their insertion.
Reddish-Qowered Speedwell. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 V. e'legans (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 154. Link,
enum. 1. p. 21.) leaves serrated, quite entire at top, petiolate,
ovate-oblong, or oblong, attenuated, acute, and are, as well as
the stems downy ; racemes numerous ; lower bracteas longer
than the pedicels: upper ones shorter. 7^. H. Native about
Verviers, in humid meadows. Flowers rose-coloured. V. in-
carn^ta, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 6. ?
Elegant Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
26 V. spica'ta (Lin. spec. p. 14.) downy, canescent, rather
clammy ; leaves crenated : radical ones oblong, or obovate,
running into the petioles : cauline leaves lanceolate, or oblong-
lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, sessile, toothed, entire at top ;
bracteas and calyxes pilose. If.. H. Native of .Switzerland,
Germany, France, Siberia ; in England in high dry chalky pas-
tures, especially on Newmarket Heath, and about Bury St.
Edmund's. Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 15. engl. bot. t. 2. Schmidt,
fl. boh. no. 7. Oed. fl. dan. 52. Poit. et Turp. fl. par. 1. p.
19. t. 19. Schrad. fl. gerna. exclusive of the synonymes of
Poll. Crantz, Vaillant and Fl. dan. Wahl. fl. ups. p. 3.
Svensk, fl. suec. t. 2. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 8. V. hybrida,
Bieb. 1. p. 8, and 3. p. 9. V. spicata, and V. orchidea, Besser,
enum. pi. volh. p. 2. no. 8 and 9. — Clus. hist. p. 347. — Hall,
helv. no. 452.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 318. sect. 3. t. 22. f. 4. Root
hard, creeping. Stems usually simple. Leaves sessile, firm,
entire at top. Racemes spicate, dense, usually solitary. Flow-
ers blue, or purple, or white ; tube of corolla thicker than in
its congeners, longer and white, and the segments of the limb
narrower. Capsules downy.
Far. ft, spicata alptna (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 93.)
Tf.. H. Native of the Pyr.nees. V. Sterbergiana, Bernh.
Lapeyr, pi. des. pyr. p. 5. Lc.ves glabrous.
Spicate-dowered Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. England. PI.
i to 1 foot.
27 V. Clu'sii (Schott. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 94.)
tomentose from pedicellate glands; leaves toothed : radical ones
566
SCROPHULARINE^. LXVI. Veronica.
ovate, running into the petioles : cauline ones lanceolate, petio-
late ; bracteas and calyxes ciliated. H. H. Native of Hun-
gary, Bohemia, Austria, and Denmark. V. spicata, var. a, 2.
Scop. cam. ed. 2d. p. 17. Poll. pal. no. 7. Schultes, fl. austr.
ed. 2d. p. 7. V. hybrida, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 8. V. spicata,
Vahl, fl. dan. t. 52. ? Raceme usually solitary, spicate, dense.
Flowers blue, or purple. Tliis is probably only a variety of V.
spicata, clothed with viscid glandular pubescence.
Clusius's SpeedweW. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. i to
1 foot.
28 V. ht'erida (Lin. spec. p. 14.) leaves unequally and
bluntly crenated, and are, as well as the stem, villous and canes-
cent ; radical ones petiolate, ovate : cauline ones nearly sessile,
elliptic-oblong ; bracteas linear, longer than the calyxes. 1/ .
H. Native of Europe, on the mountains ; in England, at the
sides of mountains, rare ; on Craig Wreidhin, Montgomeryshire ;
on Humphrey Head, a steep rock near Cartmell Wells, Lan-
cashire. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 60. Willd. spec. 1. p. 50. enum.
1. p. 16, and in Schrad. diar. bot. 1799. t. 3. Baumg. fl.
trans. 1. p. 19. Ray. syn. p. 278. t. 11. f. 1. Smith, engl.
bot. t. C7y. good. Schrad. ver. p. 22. fl. germ. 1. p. 17. V.
Barrelieri, Schott, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 94. V.
spicata mhior, Vaill. par. t. 33. f. 7. V. spicata, D. C. fl. fr.
no. 2408. — Barrel, icon. t. C82. Leaves all obtuse. Raceme
spicate, solitary, or few together. Bracteas and calyxes ciliated.
Flowers blue, or purple. There is a variety of this with nume-
rous spicate racemes.
Hybrid Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. England. PI. J to 1
foot.
29 V. coNFu'sA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 95.) leaves
opposite : lower ones cordate : superior ones ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, doubly and unequally serrated, and are, as well as
the stem, clothed with soft canescent pubescence; segments of
corolla divaricate, acuminated; capsules pilose. Tf.. H. Na-
tive country unknown. Said to be nearly allied to V. compli-
cata. Young leaves soft : adidt ones more rough : lower ones
petiolate : superior ones almost sessile. Calycine segments
pilose, ciliated. Racemes spicate, usually solitary.
Cow/««rf Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot.
30 V. longiflo'ra (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 95.) leaves
cordate-lanceolate, sharply and unequally serrated, almost gla-
brous ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx, which is
small and unequal. l^. H. Native country unknown. Plant
downy at top ; petioles ciliated. Leaves cuneiform : superior
ones having the teeth tipped with red. Pedicels and calyxes
downy. Corolla lilac ; tube I5 line long. Capsule obcordate,
pilose.
Loiig-Jlowered Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL
1| foot.
31 V. polysta'ciiya (Link, enum. 1. p. 23.) leaves nearly
sessile, ovate, acute, serrated, downy ; spiciferous branches
crowded; flowers nearly sessile. 1/. H. Native country un-
known. V. corymbosa, Hort. Plant downy. Leaves serrated
even to the top, with a reflexed acumen. Lower bracteas
longer than the flowers. Flowers small, pale blue. Racemes
crowded in a corymbose manner at the tops of the branches,
comose.
Many-spihed Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
I5 to 2 feet.
32 V. Ruthe'nica (Hort. vind. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
1. p. 96.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrated ; bracteas
length of calyxes ; calyx unequal ; capsule a little longer than
the calyx. !(.. H. Native country unknown, being gathered
in the botanic garden of Vienna. Very like V. arnuta, but the
leaves are serrated to the apex. Flowers blue, or purple.
Jinssian Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot.
33 V. viLLo'sA (Schrad. ver. p. 13. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves oblong-
ovate, serrated, and are, as well as the stems, villous and
canescent. If. H. Native country unknown. Willd. enum.
1. p. 361. Poir. encycl. 8, p. 513. Stems ascending. Leaves
reflexed at top, thickish, wrinkled, and shining above : lower
ones ovate, obtuse : the rest ovate-oblong, acutish, tapering
into the petioles. Racemes spicate, long for the size of the
plant, erectish, often flexuous. Flowers blue, or purple, also
white. Capsule a little higher than the calyx. This species
has been joined by Willd. and Mart, with F. crenulata.
ra/o«« Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 to li
foot.
34 V. hixu'rians (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 211. fl. alt. p.
27.) stem pilose ; leaves smoothish, petiolate, oblong, acumi-
nated, rounded at the base, acutely and simply serrated : serra-
tures nearly equal ; bracteas about equal in length to the pedi-
cels ; calyx 4-cleft, spreadingly reflexed, unequal. 1/ . H.
Native of Siberia, near Lkutch. Leaves 4 inches long, or
longer. Racemes 3 or more. Corolla blue.
Luxuriant Speedwell. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
35 V. LiNARi.EFoLiA (Pall, in herb. Willd. Link, jahrb. 1-3.
p. 35.) leaves opposite, linear, gradually attenuated, long-acu-
minated, remotely serrated ; bracteas longer than the pedicels.
%. H. Native of Siberia. V. angustifolia, Fisch. hort. gorenk.
Link, enum. 1. p. 19. Stem angular, with a few scattered
hairs. Leaves entire at base and apex, serrated only in the
middle. Raceme elongated ; rachis downy. Calyx glabrous,
with ciliated segments. Corollas large blue.
7'o«rf^aa;-/ea!erf Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1822. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
36 V. brachythy'lla (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 96.)
stem downy, simple ; leaves opposite, lanceolate to oblong, gra-
dually attenuated at the base, acuminated, serrated, quite entire
at the apex : upper ones sub-serrated ; lower bracteas folia-
ceous, longer than the pedicels. 1/ . H. Native country un-
known. V. brevifolia. Link, enum. 1. p. 21. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 4-5 lines broad. Calyx downy. Corolla blue.
Short-leaved Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI.
1 foot.
87 V. MENTHyEFOLiA (Schott. 1. c.) villous ; leavcs imequally
crenated : radical ones ovate : cauline ones oblong, acute, peti-
olate, quite entire at base and apex ; bracteas linear. Tl . H.
Native of Austria, and on the shores of the Volga. — J. Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 282. — Clus. hist. 347. Flowers racemose, blue, or
purple. Schultes had specimens of this plant from the garden
at Gorenki, under the name of V. sjncata afflnis. Raceme
usually solitary. The segments of the corolla are twisted, as in
V, orcliidea, but shorter.
Mint-leaved Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. \
to 1 foot.
38 V. crassifo'lia (Kit. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p.
96.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, running into the petioles, remote :
lower ones crenated : superior ones quite entire ; corolla orchi-
deous. i; . H. Native country unknown. Stem red. Leaves
rather downy beneath, fleshy. Racemes spicate, solitary, or
tern, a foot and more long. Calyx downy, unequal. Bracteas
all longer than the calyxes. Corolla violaceous, with twisted
segments. Capsule downy. Allied to V. orcliidea.
Thick-leaved Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
39 V. orchi'dea (Crantz, austr. fasc. 4. p. 333, exclusive of
the synonymes of Vaill. and Fl. dan.) downy ; leaves deeply
serrated : radical ones oblong-ovate, running into the petioles :
cauline ones lanceolate, acutish, almost sessile ; segments of
corolla lanceolate, twisted a little, exceeding the anthers. 1^ .
H. Native of Austria, Pannonia, and Cape Caucasus, on arid
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXVI. Veronica.
567
hills. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 27. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 18.
Walil. fl. carp. p. 4. Sims, bot. mag. 2210. V. cristata,
Bernh. siber, einig. elirenpreis, p. 14-21. V. Crantzii, Schultes,
obs. bot. no. 16. V. hybrida, Bieb. cauc. p. 8, exclusive of
most of the synonymes. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 283. icone. — Mor.
liist. 2. sect. 3. t. 22. f. 2. bad. V. spicata latifolia, Bauh. pin.
p. 246. Habit of F. spicata and F. hybrida. Racemes spieate,
dense, usually solitary. Corollas purple or blue. This is a
very singular species, from the long twisted segments of the
corolla.
Orc/ii(/eoH«-flowered Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1819.
PI. 1 foot.
40 V. P6n« (Gouan. ill. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves cordate-ovate,
sessile, acuminated, and are, as well as the stems, which are
quite simple, pilose ; racemes few-flowered ; calyxes downy.
1/. H. Native of Mount Baldo, and the Pyrenees. Link, enum.
1 . p. 23. Schrad. ver. p. 34, exclusive of /3. V. sempervirens,
Lam. fl. fr. ed. 2d. p. 436. V. Gouanii, Moretti, giorn. de fis.
5. p. 41. Lower leaves small, roundish, crenated : the rest an
inch long, acuminated and coarsely serrated, pale beneath.
Bracteas length of pedicels. Flowers distant, size of those of
V. chamcedrijs, blue. Calyx 5-parted. Capsule swollen a little.
Seeds small, very flat.
Far. fi, acutijolia ; leaves acute. 1/. H. Lapeyr. pi. pyr.
p. 5.
Far. y, triloba; leaves S-lobed. %. H. Lapeyr. 1. c.
Far. S, ramosissijiia ; branches numerous, axillary. 1^. H.
Lapeyr. 1. c.
Far. £, procerior ; taller, with broader leaves, and a long spi-
eate raceme of flowers. 1^. H. Lapeyr. 1. c.
Far. s, nana ; dwarf, with large flowers. 1/ . H. Lapeyr. 1.
c. V. pumila. All. pedem. no. 270. t. 22. f. 5.
Ponas Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. i to 1
foot.
41 V. Stelle'ri (Pall, ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. p. 50.) stems
simple, hairy; leaves sessile, cordate, serrately crenated, obtuse;
raceme short, corymbose ; bracteas crenated, shorter than the
pedicels ; calyx hairy. %.¥{. Native of Kamtschatka. Nearly
allied to F. Ponce, but the stems and racemes are shorter, &c.
Steller's Speedwell. PI. ^ to 5 foot.
42 V. gra'ndis (Fisch. ex Spreng. lieu. entd. 2. p. 122.)
leaves cordate-oblong, obtuse, deeply toothed, somewhat pinna-
tifid at the base, naked ; raceme elongated ; capsules nearly
globose, glabrous. %. H. Native of Siberia. Stem usually
simple, downy. Calyx nearly equal, 4-cleft. Corollas white ;
anthers and pistil flesh-coloured. This species has a habit of
those species with lateral racemes, but with the characters of
those of the present section.
Great Speedwell. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. PL 1 to 2 feet.
* * * Leaves always opposite, never verticil/ate, pinnate, arid
pinnatijid. Racemes solitary or numerous.
43 V. pinna'ta (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol. 1. p. 19.)
leaves somewhat fascicled : lower ones pinnate : superior ones
pinnatifid and simple : leaflets and segments filiform, divari-
cate ; calyx 5-parted. %. H. Native of Siberia. Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 1st. vol. 1. p. 19. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 28. Vahl, enum.
1. p. 61. Schrad. comm. ver. p. 32. HofFm. in comm. gott.
15. p. 130. t. 10. Laxm. act. petrop. 1770. t. 29. f 1. V.
Hispanica, Meerb. t. 11. ex Poir. encycl. 8. p. 513. — Amm.
ruth. no. 33. Stem ascending, downy, but usually glabrous in
the cultivated state. Leaves approximate, very narrow, with
unequal segments. Racemes solitary in the spontaneous plant,
but many in the cultivated plant. Corollas blue or white. Cap-
sule oval.
Far. ji ; leaves simple, filiform. Link, jahrb. 1. 3. p. 39.
Pinnate-leaved Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1770. PI.
1 foot.
44 V. SESsiLiFLORA (Bungc, in Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 126.
fl. alt. 1. p. 32.) leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, tapering
into the petioles, pectinately pinnatifid, with entire bluntish seg-
ments ; superior leaves linear, quite entire, and are, as well as
the stem, downy ; spike usually solitary, dense ; flowers exactly
sessile. If. . H. Native of Altaia, in sterile places at the rivers
Kurai and Tschuja. The whole plant villously pubescent.
Bracteas exceeding the calyxes. Calyx 4-parted, rather une-
qual. Corollas blue.
Sessile-Jlowercd Speedwell. PI. g foot.
45 V. iNcisA (Ait. 1. c.) leaves somewhat fascicled, petiolate,
lanceolate, pinnatifid : segments almost entire ; calycine seg-
ments lanceolate. 11. H. Native of Siberia. Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 61. Schrad. comm. ver. p. 33. Lodd. bot. cab. 1397.
Stem downy. Racemes numerous, never solitary. Leaves
cuneated at the base. Calyx 5-cleft, unequal. Corollas blue or
white.
C«<-leaved Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1397. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
46 V. lacinia'ta (Ait. 1. c.) leaves somewhat fascicled, on
short petioles, lanceolate, pinnatifid : segments quite entire, un-
equal, linear, or lanceolate ; calycine segments oblong-ovate.
1/. H. Native of Siberia. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 60. WiUd.
enum. 1. p. 19. V. spiiria, Junghans, icon. rar. C. L. f. 2.
Veronicastrum laciniatum, Mcencli. Stem downy. Leaves
spreadingly deflexed. Racemes usually solitary, about a foot
long, loose. Bracteas equal in length, or exceeding the calyxes.
Calyx 5-cleft, unequal. Flowers blue, or purple. Capsule
equalling the calyx in length.
Jagged-leaved Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1780. PI.
2 feet.
47 V. sublacinia^ta ; rather downy ; leaves opposite or 3-4
in a whorl, subfascicled, ovate-lanceolate, shining above, so
deeply and doubly toothed as to be almost pinnatifid ; calyx 4-
cleft, unequal. 1/. H. Native country unknown. Corolla
purplish-blue. V. niaritima, Lin. herb.
Some)vhat-jagged-leaved Speedwell. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. t
PI. 1 to li foot.
Sect. II. GentianoIdes (from gentiana, gentian ; and idea,
form ; in reference to the appearance of the pl3nts.) Capsule
swollen, emarginate. Seeds large, flat, oblique, somewhat
saucer-shaped. Leaves opposite, connate, or sheathing at the
base, smooth and glossy. Racemes usually solitary, terminal,
elongated, loose.
48 V. GENTiANOiDES (Vahl, symb. 1. p. 1. enum. 1. p. 62.)
radical leaves oblong, crenated : cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate,
with cartilaginous edges, crenated at top, and narrowed at the
base : uppermost leaves acute, quite entire ; stems simple, as-
cending ; upper segment of corolla smaller than the lateral
ones. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria, Cappadocia, and Armenia.
Vent. malm. t. 86. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1002. Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. 1. p. 5. t. 5. V. Buxbaumiana, Pall. ind. taiir. ex
Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 9. — Buxb. cent. 1. t. 35. Stem glabrous
at bottom. Leaves rather downy, obscurely 3-nerved. Brac-
teas villous. Calycine segments unequal. Flowers pale blue.
Gentian-like Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1748. PI. 1
to 3 feet.
49 V. pa'llida (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 17.) leaves lanceo-
late, obtuse, subserrated ; superior segment of corolla larger than
the lateral ones ; stem ascending. %. H. Native country un-
known. V. olympicum. Pall. ? Very like the preceding ; but
the leaves are much thinner and narrower, length of internndes,
not twice their length, as in that species. Flowers distant, pale
blue.
568
SCROPHULARINE^. LXVI. Veronica.
Pale Speedwell,
foot.
Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to U
Sect. III. Serpyllifolia (from SerpiJlUum, Wild Thyme ;
and folium, a leaf; in reference to the small leaves of the spe-
cies.) Capsules ovate or obovate, usually emarginate, com-
pressed. Seeds compressed. Leaves small, opposite. Racemes
terminal, elongated, or corymbose, few-flowered. Small, alpine,
erect, creeping, or trailing plants.
50 V. liELLiDioi DEs (Lin. spec. p. 15.) leaves obovate, cre-
nated, and are, as well as the stems, which are simple and
ascending, hairy ; cauline leaves remote, few ; racemes corym-
bose, hairy, few-flowered; capsules obovate, hairy. %. H.
Native of Switzerland and the Pyrenees, on the alps. Vahl,
enum. 1. p. 61. Lapeyr. pi. pyr. p. 6. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 2414.
—Hall. helv. no. 543. t. 15. f. 1. The whole plant is clothed
with articulated hairs. Leaves crenated from the middle to the
apex, half stem-clasping at the base. Calyxes nearly equal.
Corollas blue, with a white throat. Radical leaves rosulate.
Daisy-leaved S\)eedwe\\. Fl. June, July. Clt, 1775. PI. 5
to h foot.
51 V. Baumgarte'nii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 100.)
erect, glabrous ; lower leaves opposite, sessile, oval, or ovate-
lanceolate, serrated : upper ones alternate, half stem-clasping,
linear-lanceolate ; corymbs dichotomous ; pedicels filiform,
erectly spreading, 1 -flowered; segments of the calyx equal;
corolla twice as long as the calyx, pale blue. 2/. H. Native
of Transylvania, in the fissures of rocks on the alps. V. petrae'a,
Baiung. trans. 1. p. 21. no. 27.
Baumgarlens Speedwell. PI. \ foot.
52 V. nummula'ria (Gouan, ill. 1 . t. 1. f. 2. exclusive of the
synonymes) stem downy or smoothish : leaves obovate-orbicu-
lar, tapering into the petioles, crowded, entire, or obsoletely
crenated ; racemes short, few-flowered, crowded ; calycine seg-
ments obtuse, ciliated ; stem prostrate, fruticulose. fj . H.
Native of the Pyrenees. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2413. V. saxatilis,
/), Vahl, enum. 1. p. 63. Willd. spec. 1. p. 62. V. strictiflora,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 6. no. 8. fl. pyr. t. 51. exclusive of the syno-
nymes and figure, but not the diagnosis. Flowers nearly ses-
sile, pale blue. Lower segments of corolla cuneiform, obtuse,
the other 3 linear. Leaves decussate, imbricated.
Money-n'ort-\ez.\edi Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. prostrate. -
53 V. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 742.) procumbent ; leaves
almost sessile, opposite, ovate, bluntly serrated, downy ; spikes
axillary and terminal ; calycine segments obtuse, — Native of
Java, on Mount Gede, and elsewhere.
Java Speedwell. PI. procumbent.
54 V. NUBIANS (Bongard. mem. acad. imp. st. petersb. 2. p.
157.) stems simple, nutant at apex ; leaves sessile, ovate, ser-
rated, acutish ; capsule nearly glabrous, about equal in length
to the calyx ; corymbs terminal. %.V{. Native of the Island
of Sitcha. Stem downy. Leaves opposite, half stem-clasping,
downy, about 4 on a stem. Bracteas and calyxes pilose ; seg-
ments of calyx nearly equal. Corolla small, blue, unequal.
Capsule ovate, emarginate. Nearly allied to V. Stelleri; but
differs in the flowers being smaller ; in the stems being nutant ;
and in the capsule being nearly glabrous, not pilose ; and in the
corolla being glabrous inside.
Nodding-sien\\t\cA Speedwell. PL j to J foot.
55 V. DENSiFLORA (Ledcb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 125. fl. alt. 1.
]). 34.) stem fruticulose, bifarioiisly pilose ; leaves sessile, ellip-
tic, densely serrated, obtuse, smoothish, ciliated at the base ;
racemes terminal, crowded, subcapitate ; bracteas and calyxes
articulately pilose ; calyx 5-parted : the fifth segment very
short. 1^. H. Native of Altaia, on the tops of the alps, at the
river Koksun (Ledeb.) ; and at the rivers Aigulac, Kurai, and
Tsehiija (Bunge); and on the mountains of Farbagatai (Sievers).
V. alpina, Siev. in Pall. fl. nord. beytr. 7. Bracteas twice as
long as the pedicels. Corolla large for the size of the plant,
pale blue. Nearly allied to V. nummularia and V. capilata.
Dense-Jlowered Speedwell. PI. 5 to J foot.
56 V. capita'ta (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 45.)
pilose ; stem simple ; leaves sessile, ovate-roundish, a little
toothed ; raceme terminal, crowded, capitate, articulately pilose ;
stamens a little exserted. %. H. Native of Kanaour, Koyle.
Flowers double the size of those of V. alpina. Capsules not
seen.
Capitate-Qoviered. Speedwell. PI. small.
57 V. alpi'na (Lin. spec. p. 15.) glabrous; leaves sessile,
elliptic-ovate, obtuse, quite entire or subserrated ; corymbs ter-
minal, subspicate, articulately pilose ; calyxes hairy ; stamens
shorter than the corolla ; capsules oval, emarginate ; stems
tufted, simple. %. H. Native of the alps of Europe; in
Scotland, on the margins of rivulets on the highest mountains ;
in the Himalaya, at Peer Pungal, Royle. Smith, fl. brit. 1. p.
18. engl. hot. 484. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 64. Lapeyr, abr. p. 7.
— Oed. fl. dan. 16.— Hall. helv. no. 544. t. 15. f. 2. Stem
sometimes furnished with articulated hairs. Corollas blue.
Capsule ovate, emarginate, downy. Tiie Asiatic plant is rather
more villous than the European, but otherwise similar.
Var. a, alphia ; leaves elliptic, ovate, obtuse, quite entire.
11 . H. Native of the North of Europe, on the alps ; as of
Lapland, Denmark, Britain, and Switzerland. V. alpina. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 484. fl. dan. t. 16. Lin. fl. suec. no. 13. fl. lapp.
p. 7. t. 9. f. 4.— Hall. helv. t. 15. f. 2.
Var. (i, pumila ; leaves elliptic-ovate, acutish, serrated. 1/ .
H. Native of Piedmont. V. pumila. All. pedem. 1. p. 75. t.
22. f. 5. spec. 1. p. 19. t. 13. f. 3. V. PoucC, var. £, Lapeyr. ?
— Hall. helv. 1. p. 235. t. 15. f. 2. V. Teucrium Etscherianum,
Crantz, p. 337.
Var. y, integrifuUa ; leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse, quite entire.
"ii.. H. Native of Transylvania, Silesia, and Salisburgh, on the
alps. V. integrifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 63. Pers. ench, 1. p.
12. Braune, salisb. no. 12. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 21. V.
alpina, Krock. fl. siles. t. ii.
Var. I, Schuhesii ; leaves almost quite entire : lower ones
roundish: superior ones ovate. 1^. H. V. alphia, var. t,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 101.
Jar. c, rotundifoita ; leaves serrated : lower ones ovate-
roundish : superior ones ovate. %. H. Native of Salisburgh.
V. rotundif oh'a, Braune, salisb. no. 15. t. 2. V. pygmae'a,
Braune, 1. c. no. 11. f. 1. V. saxatilis, (i, nummularia, Poir.
diet.
Var. I ; smaller, very hairy ; leaves alternate, acute, nearly
linear. If.. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. abr. p. 4.
Alpine Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. ^ to |
foot.
5S V. GRANDiFoLiA (Vest, in litt. ex Roem. et Schultes, 1.
mant. 1. p. 103.) stems firm, villous, prostrate; leaves sessile,
ovate-oblong, smoothish : superior ones toothed : middle ones
nearly one half the length of the stem ; spike oblong-cylindrical ;
corolla exceeding the calyx a little; bracteas about equal in
length to the calyx. %. H. Native of the Tyrol, on the alps
of Zillerthal. Leaves \\ inch long, and more. From the axils
of the upper leaves rise short few-flowered racemes.
Great-leaved Speedwell. PI. 5 to J foot.
59 V. EUPHRASi^FOLiA (Link, jahrb. 3. p. 41.) stems creep-
ing, downy at top ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, serrately cre-
nated, glabrous ; racemes few-flowered : pedicels elongated ;
calycine segments ovate, glabrous. %. H. Native of Persia,
on Mount Ghilan. V. thymifolia, Willd. herb. Plant slender.
Euphrasia-lcaved Speedwell. PI. creeping.
60 V. THYMIFOLIA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 1. t. C. prod. 1.
SCROPHULARINEyE. LXVI. Veronica.
569
p. 0.) stems shrubby, diffuse ; leaves elliptic, revoliite, hoary,
entire; racemes terminal, capitate or corymbose, solitary; calyx
regular ; lobes of capsule divaricate. 1^. H. Native of Can-
dia, on the tops of the Spaciotic mountains. Habit of V. fruti-
culusa. Bracteas obovate. Corolla blue, with a white tube.
Thyme-lcaied Speedwell. PI. suffruticose.
61 V. pAuciFLORA (Kit. ex Link. 1. c.) stems procumbent,
downy at top ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, serrately crenated,
acute, glabrous ; racemes few-flowered ; pedicels elongated ;
calycine segments ovate, glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of the
Carpathian mountains. Plant slender.
Ferv-Jlorvered Speedwell. PI. procumbent.
62 V. WoRMSKioLDi (Roem. et Schidtes, syst. 1. p. 101.)
villous ; leaves ovate, quite entire, obtuse, villous, ciliated ; ra-
cemes terminal, short, crowded ; stems simple, ascending. 1/ .
H. Native of Greenland. V. villosa, VVormsk. V. alpina, /3,
VVormskioldi, Hook. bot. mag. t. 2975. V. alpina, var. Unalas-
chensis, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 2. p. 556. V. alpina,
var. Fl. dan. 1961. ? Stems creeping at bottom, dark purple,
beset with long glandular hairs, as well as the calyxes and leaves.
Radical leaves crowded : cauline ones sessile. Flowers blue.
Wormskiold's SpeedweU. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. i foot.
63 V. sasa'tilis (Lin. suppl. 83.) glabrous ; superior leaves
oblong-obovate or elliptic, crenulated ; racemes corymbose,
few-flowered ; capsules ovate, exceeding the calyx ; stems fruti-
culose, difTuse. f; . H. Native throughout Europe, on the
alps ; in Scotland, on rocks and stony ground, among the moun-
tains. Ben Lawers, Dickson. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 3. p. 25.
Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 6. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 63. ex Willd. spec. 1.
p. 63. exclusive of var. /3 and y. Lapeyr. abr. p. 6. Baumg.
trans. 1. p. 20. V. fruticulosa, fl. dan. t. 342. Smith, in Lin.
trans. 1. p. 190. engl. bot. t. 1027.— Pona, bald. 181. f.— Mor.
hist. 2. p. 318. sect. 3. t. 22. f. 5.— Hall. helv. no. 545. /3. —
This is very like F. fruticulosa ; but the stems are procumbent;
the leaves smaller, and deeper green ; the pedicels longer than
the bracteas ; the flowers disposed in corymbose racemes ; the
segments of the calyx obtuse ; and the corollas azure blue. The
capsule is ovate, compressed, nearly entire, hairy or downy.
Rock Speedwell. Fl. July. Scotland. PI. prostrate.
64 V. Cre'tica (Pall, ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. p. 41.) procum-
bent ; leaves linear-spatulate, very scabrous ; racemes short,
dense. 1/. H. Native of Candia. Allied to V. saxdtiUs, but
smaller.
Cretan Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. pro-
cumbent.
65 V. FRUTICULOSA (Lin. spec. p. 15.) nearly glabrous ; supe-
rior leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, or nearly so : stems erect, fruti-
culose, rather downy ; racemes loose, many-flowered, downy ;
capsule roundish-ovate, equal in length or shorter than the
calyx ; stems erectish. I? . H. Native of Switzerland, Savoy,
and the Pyrenees, on the alps ; in Scotland, on Ben Crua-
chan, Argyleshire, Rev. Dr. Walker ; Ben Lawers, R. Brown.
— Vahl, enum. 1. p. 62.— Wulf, in Jacq. coll. 4. p. 229. t.
5. exclusive of Clus. syn. Smith, engl. bot. 1028. Lapeyr.
abr. p. 6. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2411. V. frutescens. Scop. cam.
no. 20. exclusive of the syn. of Mor — Hall. hist. 1. p. 235. t.
10. f. 1. Lower leaves obovate, tapering into the petioles.
Corolla pale red, with deeper veins. Capsule hairy. Bracteas
at first longer than the pedicels. Segments of calyx obtuse.
Seeds compressed.
Fruticulose Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Scotland. PI. \ to
J foot.
66 V. LANOSA (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scropb. ind. p. 45.)
stem woody at the base ; branches tufted, erectish, woolly ;
leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, deeply serrated, glabrous above
and hairy beneath ; racemes rather loose ; calyx unequally 4-5-
VOL. IV.
parted ; capsule ovate, acute in the immature state. \ . H.
Native of Kanaour, Royle.
IVooUy-hxanchcA Speedwell. PI. shrubby.
67 V. macroste'mon (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
127. fl. alt. 1. p. S5.) stems fruticulose, branched ; lower leaves
roundish-ovate, quite entire : superior ones oblong, serrulated,
villonsly pubescent ; racemes villous, many-flowered, at length
elongated ; capsule downy, twice as long as the calyx, which is
5-parted and unequal. h . H. Native of Altaia, on alps at
the river Tschuja, among stones. Corollas large, violaceous.
Capsule obovate, emarginate. Stamens much exserted.
Long-stamened Speedwell. PI. 5 to |^ foot.
68 V. serpvllifolia (Lin. spec. 15.) glabrous ; leaves
nearly sessile, oblong or ovate, 3-nerved, entire and crenated ;
racemes elongated; flowers distant; stems creeping. 1|. H.
Native of Europe, Siberia, and North America, in pastures and
meadows ; plentiful in all parts of Britain ; in the Himalaya,
Royle. Vahl, enum. I. p. 21. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1075. Fl.
dan. t. 492. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 9. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 15.
t. 3. Bertol. pi. rar. ital. dec. 3. p. 5. Lapeyr. abr. p. 7.—
Lob. icon. 1. t. 472. f. — Riv. mon. t. 99. f. 1. Stem creeping at
base, ascending at top, downy. Leaves fleshy, shining, gla-
brous. Bracteas shorter than the pedicels. Corolla blue, pale
red and white. Capsule obcordate, didymous, compressed.
Var. ji, tcnella ; leaves ovate-roundish. 1/. H. V. tenella,
Flor. wett. and Schmidt, fl. bohem.
Var. 7, neglecta ; leaves 4 in a whorl. 1^ . H. V. negleeta,
Schmidt.
Far. S, nummularicefdlia (Thuil.) %. H. Native of France.
Var. £, humifusa ; prostrate ; leaves cordate-roundish ; stems
creeping. %. H. Native of the Highlands of Scotland, on
wet shady rocks ; and on the Cheviot Hills, Northumberland.
V. humifClsa, Dicks, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 288. Plant downy.
Var. Zi hirsuta ; hairy; hairs short, crowded, li.. H. Na-
tive of the Pyrenees.
Wild-Thyme-leaved Speedwell. Fl. April, July. Britain.
PI. creeping.
69 V. herniarioi'des (Pourr. chl. hisp. no. 60. Lapeyr.
suppl. abr. p. 4.) leaves obovate, glabrous, quite entire, small :
lower ones reflexed ; stems prostrate, scattered, rooting ; ra-
ceme terminal, dense, ovate. %. H. Native of the Pyrenees,
at Port de Jacca. Flowers blue, with pale claws.
Herniaria-like Speedwell. PI. creeping.
70 V. fonta'na (Pall, ex Link, enum. 1. p. 102.) stem
creeping, downy ; leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse, crenated, gla-
brous ; bracteas foliaceous ; pedicels much shorter than the
bracteas. %. H. Native of the Island of Unalaschka and
Kamtschatka, Pall.
Fountain Speedwell. PI. creeping.
71 V. Gebhardia'na (Vest, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. ].
mant. 1. p. 104.) branches prostrate, rooting; leaves elliptic,
roundish, quite entire, glabrous : lower ones petiolate ; raceme
terminal; flowers and capsules erect. IJ. H. Native on alp
Schwarzenstein, in Zillerthal, beside rivulets formed by the
melting of ice. Pedicels length of bracteas. Capsule broadly
obcordate.
Gebhard's Speedwell. PI. creeping.
72 V. TENE lla (All. pedem. no. 272. t. 22. f. 1.) leaves
roundish, a little wrinkled, subcrenated, all petiolate : stems
creeping, and are, as well as the calyxes, villous. 3/ . H. Na-
tive of Piedmont, Pyrenees, &c. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 65. La-
peyr. abr. p. 8. Willd. spec. 1. p. 64. exclusive of the syn. of
Dill Pluck, t. 233. f. 4. This is very like V. serpyltifoUa, and
probably only a variety of it. Leaves on longer petioles. Flow-
ers blue or purple, on long pedicels.
Var. /3 ; stems erectish ; leaves distant ; flowers rose-
4D
570
SCROPHULARINE^. LXVI. Veronica.
coloured. 1/. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. abr.
suppl. p. 4.
Slender Speedwell. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. creep-
ing.
73 V. microphy'lla (Kit. in Sclniltes, fl. austr. ed. 2d. vol.
1. p. 20.) leaves ovate, inordinately crenated ; bracteas hardly
the length of the pedicels; stems ascending. %. H. Native
of Hungary, in sandy places. Stems creeping at the base.
Perhaps only a variety of V. serjnjlUfblia, occasioned by the dry
sandy soil in which it grows.
Small-leaved Speedwell. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822. PI.
^ to I foot.
74 V. TELEPHiiFOLiA (Toum. cor. p. 7.) glabrous; leaves
obovate, almost quite entire; stems creeping. It. H. Native
of Armenia. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 64. Stems filiform. Leaves
petiolate, liardly lialf a nail in length, obsoletely crenulated out-
side. Perhaps a variety of /'. serptjUifoiia.
Telephium-lcaved Speedwell. PI. creeping.
75 V. rudera'lis (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 60. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. o-en. amer. 2. p. .312.) leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, cre-
nated, somewhat 5-nervcd : superior ones subciliated, quite
entire; stems creeping. %. H. Native of Peru, in waste
humid places; and near Santa Fe de Bogota, and on Mount
Quindiu. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 66. V. serpyllifolia, Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 1. p. 6. Stems filiform, diflPuse, red. Bracteas longer
than pedicels. Corolla violaceous ; the smaller segment white.
Probably a mere var. of V. serpyllifdlia.
Rubbish Speedwell. PI. creeping.
Sect. IV. Piri'tia (the vernacular name of one of the species.)
Capsule elliptic or roundish, acuminated. Leaves opposite, quite
entire. Racemes terminal. Shrubs natives of New Zealand.
76 V. sPEciosA (R. Cunningh. ex hot. mag. no. 3461.) quite
glabrous ; stem shrubby, erectish or diff'use ; leaves opposite,
flat, obovate, coriaceous, decurrent, with a callous obtuse point,
and quite entire, thickened, coloured margins ; racemes termi-
nal, short, erect, crowded with flowers ; bracteas ovate-lanceo-
late, one half shorter than the pedicels ; calycine segments ovate,
acutish, finely ciliated, about equal in length to the middle of
the tube of the corolla. h • F. Native of New Zealand, on
the north side of the island ; and on sandy hills near the estuary
of the Hokianga, on the west coast. Leaves 3-4 inches long.
Flowers showy, bluish-violet, almost like those of Lysimachia
atrojMrpurea. Stamens exserted. Capsule elliptic, acuminated,
glabrous, twice as long as the calyx.
Showy Speedwell. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
■ 77 V. LiGUSTRiFOLiA (Cuuningh. 1. c.) quite glabrous ; stem
shrubby ; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong or narrow-lanceolate,
bluntish, quite entire; racemes peduncled, terminal, pubigeroiis,
about equal in lennth to the leaves ; bracteas oblong-lanceolate,
about half tlie length of the pedicels ; calycine segments ovate-
lanceolate, acutish, length of the tube of the corolla. Ij . F.
Native of New Zealand, on the north coast, on shady hills on
the banks of the Kana-Kana river ; and Bay of Islands. A
slender shrub, 2 feet high. Leaves sessile. Flowers white,
spicately racemose. Calyx equal. Segments of corolla acutish.
Said to be very like V. angusli/blia, Richard. ; but the racemes
in that plant are slender, pedunculate, and axillary, and vnore
than twice as long as the leaves ; the segments of the calyx are
obtuse, and not half so long as the tube of the corolla ; and the
leaves are linear-lanceohite, acute, and glaucescent beneath.
Privet-leaved Speedwell. Shrub 2 feet.
78 V. DiosM^FOLiA (R. Cunningh. in hot, mag. under no.
3461.) shrubby, erect ; leaves decussate, lanceolate, acute, quite
entire or serrulated, petiolate, concave and smooth above, and
of a different colour beneath : serratures simply cut, remote ;
corymbs axillary or terminal, many-flowered ; bracteas ovate,
about half the length of the pedicels ; calycine segments oval,
obtuse, equal in length to the middle of the tube of the corolla.
Tj . F. Native of New Zealand, in dense woods near the
source of the river Wycaddi ; at the Bay of Islands, and else-
where on tiie south coast, where it is called Piriti by the natives.
A slender twiggy shrub, about 3-12 feet, with the habit of
Trachymene. Leaves 9 lines long, keeled beneath. Flowers
white. Capsule elliptic, acute, compressed, 3 times as long as
the calyx, which is ciliated.
Diosma-leaved Speedwell. Shrub 3 to 12 feet.
Sect. V. He'be (a mythological name, the daughter of Juno.)
Capsule ovate, or oval, or oblong, acute, or obtuse, compressed.
Racemes lateral and axillary. Leaves quite entire. Plants na-
tives of New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand.
79 V. PARViFLORA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 4. enum. 1. p. 67.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, mucronate ; stem
shrubby. F; . F. Native of New Zealand. V. floribunda, R.
Br. in herb. Smith. Plant glabrous. Leaves approximate, ses-
sile, stiff", 2 inches long. Racemes erect, 1| inch long, many-
flowered ; bracteas minute. Segments of corolla obtuse. Cap-
sule oval, twice as long as the calyx.
Small-flowered Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub
1 foot.
80 V. macroca'rpa (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 4. enum. 1. p. 67.)
leaves lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, flat ; racemes erect ;
stem shrubby, fj . F. Native of New Zealand. Branches
articidated. Leaves 4 inches long, nerveless. Racemes length
of leaves. Bracteas minute. Tube of corolla twice as long as
the calyx ; segments obtuse. Capsule ovate, acute, 3 times as
long as the calyx.
Larfre-frtiited Speedwell. Shrub.
81 V. sALiciFOLiA (Forst. prod. uo. 11. Vahl, symb. 3. p.
4.) leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, quite entire ;
racemes drooping; stem shrubby. Tj . F. Native of New
Zealand. Glabrous. Leaves 2-3 inches long, subundulated.
Racemes longer than the leaves ; pedicels capillary. Calyx
equal. Tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx ; segments
acute. Capsule oblong, acute, twice as long as the calyx.
Willow-leaved Speedwell. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
82 V. ELLi'pTicA (Forst. prod. no. 10.) leaves elliptic, lance-
olate, quite entire, glabrous ; racemes short, few-flowered, co-
rymbose. Tj . F. Native of New Zealand. Very nearly allied
to V. decussata.
Elliptic-leaved Speedwell. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
83 V. decussa'ta (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 20. ed.
2d. vol. 1. p. 68.) glabrous; leaves permanent, elliptic, quite
entire, decussate ; racemes few-flowered ; stem shrubby. Ij .
F. Native of the Falkland Islands, and the Straits of Magel-
lan. Curt. hot. mag. t. 242. Hebe Magellaiiica, Juss. in
Gmel. syst. p. 27. Leaves mucronate, stiff, with cartilaginous
margins. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Bracteas ovate,
ciliated. Corolla funnel-shaped, blue.
Dectissate-leayed Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1776.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
84 V. perfoliaVa (R. Br. prod. 434.) glabrous ; leaves
quite entire, ovate, acuminated, connate at the base ; racemes
lateral, pedunculate, many-flowered. '2;. G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Sims. bot. mag. 1936.
Plant glaucous. Leaves sometimes furnished with a few teeth.
Racemes long, secund ; pedicels hardly the length of the ca-
lyxes, which are 4-parted and unequal. Corolla purple or blue.
Capsule oblong, oval. Flowers blue.
Perfoliate-leaved Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXVI. Veronica.
571
85 V. FORMOSA (R. Br. prod. p. 43i.) leaves evergreen, de-
cussate, lanceolate, quite entire, quite glabrous, acute at the
base ; racemes bifariously pilose ; corymbs axillary, few-flower-
ed ; stem shrubby. Jj . F. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Shotpi/ Speedwell. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
86 V. gra'cilis (R. Br. prod. p. 435.) quite glabrous ; leaves
linear-lauceolate, entire ; stems nearly simple ; corymbs lateral,
few-flowered, l/ . G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson. Flowers blue.
Slender Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to i foot.
Sect. VI. Cham^'drvs (name of Germander.) Capsule com-
pressed, emarginate at apex or obcordate. Seeds compressed,
flat on one side, and convex on the other. Racemes lateral and
axillary.
§ 1. Leaves quite entire.
87 V. Billardie'ri (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 70.) leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, quite entire, hoary as well as the stem, which is
prostrate ; racemes 2-3 inches long ; bracteas length of flowers.
1^.? H. Native of Syria, Labillardiere. Stems numerous, fili-
form, villous as well as the leaves, which are nearly sessile. Ca-
lycine segments linear, equal. Capsule obcordate, compressed,
length of calyx.
La Billardier s Speedwell. PI. prostrate.
§ 2. Leaves serrated, crenated, or denticulated.
* Species natives of Nerv Holland, New Zealand, 8fC.
88 V. CATARA'cTa: (Forst. prod. no. 9. Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 67.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, serrated; racemes loose,
flexuous ; stem shrubby, fj ■ F- Native of New Zealand.
Leaves an inch long, of a different colour beneath. Racemes a
hand long. Capsule oblong, longer than the calyx. In New
Holland Labillardiere collected a plant which he considers iden-
tical with that of Foster ; to which he appends the following
diagnosis : " Leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, 3 inches
long, with short-acute teeth ; racemes strict ; bracteas subulate,
twice as long as the pedicels ; calyx 4-cleft, unequal ; capsule
ovate, entire, turgid."
Cataract Speedwell. PI. ascending.
89 V. labia'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 434.) leaves broad-lanceo-
late, long-acuminated, unequally and sharply serrated ; racemes
axillary, opposite, very long. % . G. Native of the south
coast of New Holland, and Van Diemen's Land. Sims, hot.
mag. 1660. Hook. bot. mag. 3461. V. Derwentii, Andr. bot.
rep. t. 531. Plant glabrous. Flowers pale blue. Calyx 4-
parted, rather unequal. Ovarium emarginate. Corolla bila-
biate, spreading ; upper lip undivided : lower one 3-parted :
middle lobe the smallest. Bracteas as long as the pedicels.
Lipj^ed-tiowered Speedwell. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1802.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
90 V. calyci na (R. Br. prod. 435.) leaves broadly ovate,
subcordate, wrinkled, unequally serrate-crenated, pctiolate, and
are hairy as well as the creeping stems ; racemes lateral, few-
flowered, much longer than the leaves ; calyxes pilose, ciliated,
longer than the capsule. 11 . G. Native of New Holland and
Van Diemen's Land. R. Br. ; New Zealand, on the banks of
the river Keri-Keri, among grass, R. Cunningh. " Stems 5-6
feet, creeping or decumbent. Leaves opposite, hispid or dis-
coloured beneath. Calyx 4-parted, longer than the capsule,
which is roundish, compressed, emarginate or obcordate," ex
Cunningh. in bot. mag. under no. 3461.
Large-caltjxed Speedwell. PI. creeping.
91 V. plebe'ia (R. Br. prod. p. 435.) leaves ovate, unequally
and deeply serrated, glabrous ; stem clothed with fine down ;
lower petioles one half longer than the leaves ; racemes lateral,
loose. %..G. Native of New Holland. Flowers blue.
Plebeian Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1
foot ?
92 V. di'stans (R. Br. prod. p. 435.) leaves ovate, broadly
serrated, glabrous ; petioles ciliated ; stem decumbunt, bifari-
ously pilose ; corymbs lateral, pedunculate, few-flowered. 2/.
G. Native of New Holland. Flowers blue.
Z)ii<aji«-flowered Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825.
PI. decumbent.
93 V. Brownei (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 118.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, unequally serrated ; stem bifariously
pubescent ; lower petioles 3 times shorter than the leaves ; ra-
cemes lateral, loose. "H.. H. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson. V. argiita, R. Br. prod. p. 435. Nearly
allied to V. plebeia. There is a plant in Smith, herb, under this
name, which has cordately-reniform, sharply-toothed leaves,
which he there proposes to call V. vitifbtia.
Brown's Speedwell. PI. 1 foot ?
94 V. NovjE-Holla'ndiyE (Poir. encycl. 8. p. 526.) leaves
ovate, deeply crenated, petiolate ; racemes lateral ; flowers on
long pedicels ; stems downy. 1/ . G. Native of New Holland.
Very like V. Chamee'drys. Calyx glabrous. Bracteas ovate.
Capsule obcordate, compressed, shorter than the calyx.
Netv Holland Speedwell. PI. diffuse.
* * Species natives of Europe.
95 V. officina'lis (Lin. spec. p. 14.) creeping, hairy ; leaves
oval or oblong, serrated ; petioles sheathing at the base ;
racemes spicate, alternate or opposite ; calyx 4-parted, nearly
equal; bracteas longer than the pedicels. If.. H. Native of
Europe and North America, in woods and dry sandy banks ;
plentiful in Britain. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 74. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p.
257. t. 5G. f. 7. Fl. dan. t. 248. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 1.
Woodv. t.219. Smith, engl. bot. 765. Bull. herb. t. 293. Plenck.
off", t. 12. Lam. ill. t. 13. f. 2. Poit. et Turp. fl. par. 1. p.
12. t. 8. Svensk, bot. t. 59. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 93. Stem pro-
cumbent, rooting at the base. Corollas small, pale blue, with
deeper veins. Capsule obcordate, compressed, downy, larger
than the calyx. This species is recommended as a sort of medi-
cinal tea ; and Simon Paullix, an old Danish botanist, contended
it was the identical tea of China. The flavour is astringent and
bitter, and by no means agreeable.
Jar. ji ; leaves obovate-roundish, pubescent. 1/ . H. V.
Tournefortii, Schmidt, boh. no. 12.
Jar. y ; leaves obovate or obovate-roundish, almost glabrous.
1^. H. V. AUioni, Schmidt, 1. c. Hook. scot. 7. excluding
the synonyme. Found on the mountains of Scotland and Ire-
land.
J'ar. c, alhifora ; flowers white.
Jar. e, plena ; flowers double.
Far. f , variegata ; leaves variegated with white or yellow.
Officinal Speedwell. Fl. April, July. Britain. PI. creep-
ing.
96 V. Tournefortii (ViU. dauph. 2. p. 9.) creeping, hairy ;
leaves ovate, entire at the base, and serrated at apex, narrowed
into the short petioles at the base ; racemes spicate, opposite ;
calyx 4-parted. It.H. Native of the South of France. Stem
procumbent. Corolla blue. Hardly distinct from T. offici-
nalis.
Far. ft, dubia (D. C. fl. fr. 3. no. 2395.) leaves glabrous,
ovate, toothed ; stem rooting at the base, ascending ; hairs
spreading, or disposed in 2 rows. %. H. This variety diflfers
from J', c/iamce'dnjs, in the stems being procumbent: from / .
officinalis, in the leaves being glabrous ; and in the calyxes being
longer ; and from F. AUioni, in the stem and peduncles being
villous ; and from J', jnlosa, in the leaves being entire at the
base, and in the calyxes being equal.
4 D 2
572
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXVI. Veronica.
Tourneforfs Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI.
creeping.
97 V. Allioni (ViH. dauph. 2. p. 8.) glabrous, creeping,
procumbent ; leaves oblong, stiiF, shining, slightly crenated ;
racemes spicate, crowded ; calyx 4-parted. %. H. Native of
Switzerland, South of France, Italy, on the Alps. Vahl, enum.
1. p. 74. Smith, in Lin. trans. 1. p. 190. D. C. fl. fr. ii. p.
463. V. pyrenaica. All. ped. 1. p. 73. no. 265. V. repens.
All. spec. 1. t. 4. f. 3. V. officinalis, ft, Lin. This species
differs from V. officinalis in the rigidity and smoothness of the
parts. Flowers blue, crowded into a short ovate spike.
Allioni' s Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1748. PI. creep-
ing.
98 V. seti'gera (D. Don, rar. pi. scot. p. 4.) very hairy ;
hairs stiff, glandular ; stems ascending ; leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late, serrated, subcrenated ; racemes elongated ; calyx 4-parted ;
capsule abrupt, undivided. %. H. Native of Scotland, in
Ayrshire, in heathy parts of Garick. V. hirsuta, Hopk. fl.
glott. p. 9. Link, enura. 1. p. 24. Leaves small. Bracteas
longer than the flowers. Corolla very pale blue. Capsule
ovate, compressed, glabrous. Perhaps only a small hispid va-
riety of V. officinalis,
Setigerous Speedwell. Fl. April, July. Scotland. PI. |
foot.
99 V. Mulleria'na (Vest, in litt. ex Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 1. mant. 1. p. 108.) leaves elliptic, quite entire, obtuse,
hairy, ciliated, on short petioles ; stems short, prostrate, root-
ing ; racemes lateral ; flowers and capsules erect. 1^. H. Na-
tive of Upper Styria. Pedicels length of bracteas. Calyx 4-
cleft. Nearly allied to V. officinalis, V. Allioni, and V. Tourne-
fortii, but the flowers are larger.
Midler's Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. pro-
strate.
100 V. aphy'lla (Lin. spec. 14.) villous; stems creeping;
leaves radical, roundish or oblong, slightly crenated ; peduncles
scape-formed, usually 3-flowered. % . H. Native of the southern
alps of Europe. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 68. V. subacaulis. Lam.
ill. no. 171. — Seguier, pi. veron. 1. p. 241. t. 3. f. 2. — Bocc.
mus. t. 10. t. 9. — Pluck, aim. t. 114. f. 3. Plant hairy. Scapes
1-2 inches long, bearing each 2-4 large blue flowers. Capsule
large, violaceous, thrice as long as the calyx, obovate, com-
pressed, more or less emarginate, downy.
Far. (i, Kamtchdlica (Lin. suppl. p. 83.) leaves ovate or ob-
long, serrated, hairy ; scapes hairy, 3-5-flowered. ■y.. H. Na-
tive of Kamtschatka. V. grandiflora, Gsertn. nov. comm. petrop.
14. t. 18. f. 1. Racemes lateral, loose. Stem ascending, sto-
loniferous.
Var. y, nudicaulis (Lam. ill. no. 181.) capsule obtuse, not
emarginate. If.. H. V. nudicaulis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 11.
Leafless-stemmed Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775.
PI. i foot.
101 V. monta^na (Lin. spec. p. 17.) leaves cordate-ovate,
petiolate, obtuse, coarsely serrated ; stem and petioles hairy ;
racemes elongated, filiform, loose, axillary. 'J/.H. Native of
Europe, in groves ; in Britain, in woods, chiefly in moist calca-
reous soil, but not very common. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 68. Jacq
fl. austr. 2. p. 6. t. 109. Fl. dan. t. 1201. Curt. fl. lond. 4
t. 2. Hoffm. fl. germ. t. 1. Poit. et Turpin, fl. par. 1. p. U
t. 10. Smith, engl. bot. t. 766. V. procumbens, Riv. mon
irr. t. 93. Stems weak, procumbent, rooting at the joints, vil
lous. Leaves usually villous, with generally purplish margins
Corolla pale blue or white, variegated with purplish veins
Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Capsule orbicular, compressed, emar-
ginate at both ends, ciliated, didymous ; cells 4-seeded.
Mounlain Speedwell, or Mountain Madwort. Fl. June, July.
Britain. PI. prostrate.
102 V. cham/e"drys (Lin. spec. 17.) downy or hairy; leaves
deeply and unequally serrated : lower ones petiolate, ovate :
upper ones cordate-ovate, sessile ; stems bifariously pilose,
creeping at the base ; racemes axillary, exceeding the stems.
%. H. Native of Europe, common on dry banks, and in
groves, meadows, pastures, and hedges. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 77.
Lam. ill. t. 13. f. 1. Curt. fl. lond. 1. t. 2. Martyn, fl. rust,
t. 66. St. Hil. pi. fr. t. 8. Smith, engl. bot. 623. Fl. dan.
t. 448. Poit. et Turp. fl. par. 1. p. 13. t. 9. Svensk, bot. t.
239. Teucrium V. Clus. hist. p. 350. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 94.
Chamae'drys, Brunsf. herb. 1. p. 125. f. 1. Herb pale green.
Stems more or less ascending, 1-2 feet long. Flowers large,
blue, rarely flesh-coloured or white. Calyx 4-cleft, lanceolate.
Capsule compressed, obcordate, shorter than the calyx. There
are many varieties of this plant. Some take this for the true
German Forget-me-not.
Far. /3, lamiijolia ; leaves cordate, cuneated at the base, ob-
tuse : lower ones sessile, the rest petiolate. 1/ . H. Native
country unknown. V. lamiifolia, Hayne, in mag. amic. hist. nat.
berol. 7. (1805.) p. 132. V. Rudolphiana, Hayne, 1. c. p. 133.
Germander Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. i to 1
foot.
103 V. micra'ntha (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 286. t. 57.)
downy and canescent, soft ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate, ob-
tuse, coarsely crenated, hairy ; racemes axillary ; flowers rather
crowded. %. H. Native of Portugal. V. Teucrium, Brot.
fl. lus. 1. p. 13. V. mollis, Zea. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
1. p. 112. V. moliissima, Hort. Hairs of plant curled. Brac-
teas linear, longer than the pedicels. Calycine segments 4,
lanceolate, acute, nearly equal. Corolla small, white, with a
purplish ring in the throat. Capsule compressed, emarginate,
shorter than the calyx, with ciliated edges. Very like F. cha-
mce'drys ; but the flowers are smaller, and the whole plant hoary.
Small-flowered Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI.
g foot.
104 V. plica'ta (Pohl, tent. fl. boh. p. 15. f. 1.) leaves cor-
date-ovate, plicate, deeply toothed, clothed with white hairs as
well as the stems ; racemes axillary, alternate ; flowers imbri-
cate, nearly sessile. %. H. Native of Bohemia, on hills. V.
pilosa, Schmidt, 1. p. 17. Willd. spec. 1. p. 66. Root creep-
ing. Stem bifariously pilose. Lower leaves petiolate : upper
ones sessile. Calyx unequal. Bracteas linear, length of pedi-
cels. Flowers blue.
Plicate Speedwell. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. i to i
foot.
105 V. uMBRosA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 11. fl. ross. 1. t. 7.)
lower leaves ovate, coarsely serrated : superior ones oblong,
subserrated ; racemes lateral, few-flowered ; stems creeping ;
calyx nearly equal in length to the corolla. %. H. Native of
Tauria, in woods about Karassubasar. Plant loosely tufted.
Pedicels elongated. Corolla showy. The leaves of sterile
branches are sometimes nearly entire.
Shaded Speedwell. PI. creeping.
106 V. peduncula'ris (Bieb. casp. 126. append, no. 2. fl.
cauc. I. p. 11.) downy; leaves ovate, deeply and doubly ser-
rated ; racemes loose ; stem hairy, with 2 more dense rows of
hairs ; pedicels capillary, twice as long as the bracteas. l/ . H.
Native of Caucasus, in shady groves. V. pedunculata, Vahl,
enum. 1. p. 77. Pers. ench. 1. p. 12. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 26.
t. 41. f. 1. Flowers blue. This plant differs from F. Chamce"-
drys in the stems being villous all over, and also having 2 lines
of more dense hairs ; in the leaves being more villous on both
surfaces, and more deeply cut, in the pedicels being slender and
elongated, and in the calycine segments being blunter.
Far. ft; stems flaccid; leaves more deeply cut. %. H.
Native of Caucasus, in groves.
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXVI. Veronica.
573
Var. y ; humble, prostrate ; leaves small, obtuse, crenated.
% . H. Native of Caucasus, on rocks ; and about Chinalug.
V. neraorum. Pall. Very like V. jietrce'a. Bracteas all
toothed.
Peduncular S,^ee&v.e\\. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI. i
to 1 foot.
107 V. petr^'a (Stev. in mem. mosc. vol. 3. p. 250, and 5.
p. 340.) stems creepino-, much branched, prostrate, densely
leafy ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, subcrenated, and are, as vrell as
the stems, hairy ; racemes subcorymbose, many-flowered ; pe-
dicels filiform, longer than the calyx, which is 4-parted. % . H.
Native of Caucasus, on the alps of Schuchdagh and Tyfendagh ;
also in stony places about the Terek. Bieb. suppl. cauc. p. 12.
V. peduncularis, y, Bieb. fl. cane. 1. p. 27. Capsule hispid,
obcordate, a little shorter than the calyx. This plant differs
from the preceding in all its parts being pubescent, in the leaves
being smaller and much firmer, and narrower, in the stems being
short and prostrate. Calyx nearly equal. Corolla blue.
Rock Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI. prostrate.
108 V. piLOSA (Lin. spec. p. append. 1663. syst. 59. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 66.) leaves ovate, obtuse, plicate, deeply toothed;
racemes axillary ; stems prostrate, bifariously pilose. 1^. H.
Native of Bohemia. See Smith in Lin. trans. 1. p. 191.
Lower leaves petiolate : upper ones sessile, pilose ; lower
teeth elongated. Bracteas pilose, longer than the pedicels.
Calyx unequal. Segments of corolla acute, connivent. Leaves
smaller than those of V. Chamcedrys. This is a very doubtful
plant, and probably only a variety of V. Chamce'drys, or V.
proslrata, or F. plicata.
Pilose Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. pros-
trate.
109 V. minu'ta (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 105.) rather pilose ;
stems filiform, branched, diffuse ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, crenated or quite entire ; racemes lateral, few-flowered ;
pedicels capillary, longer than the bracteas, which are spatulate ;
calyx 4-parted, with obtuse segments ; capsule reniform : lobes
orbicular. 1/ . H. Native of the alpine regions of Caucasus,
in stony places. Said to be neai-ly allied to F. pilosa.
Minute Speedwell. PI. diffuse.
110 V. ca'na (Wall. cat. no. 401. Benth. scroph. ind. p.
45.) procumbent at the base ; stem pilose, or woolly ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, deeply crenated, hoary from hairs, at length
glabrous ; racemes few, axillary and terminal ; calyx unequally
4-parted ; capsule broadly and rhomboidally dilated, entire.
1/. H. Native of Gosainsthan, and Nipaul, Wall.; Kanaour,
Royle.
Hoary Speedwell. PI. procumbent.
111 V. delti'gera (Wall. cat. no. 402. Benth. scroph.
ind. p. 45.) procumbent at the base ; stem glabrous, bifariously
woolly under the leaves ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, cre-
nately serrated, glabrous ; racemes few, alternate, downy ;
calyx 4-parted ; immature capsules rhomboidally dilated, emar-
ginate. %.H. Native at Gosainsthan, Wall.
Delta-bearing Speedwell. PI. proc.
112 V. la'xa (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 45.) sparingly pilose;
leaves nearly sessile, ovate, or ovate-oblong, deeply serrated,
rather pilose ; racemes alternate ; calyx 4-parted ; capsule
roundish, emarginate, hairy. 1(. H. Native of the Himalaya,
at Kidarkonta, Royle.
Loose-Jionered Speedwell. PI.
113 V. Pu'rshii ; glabrous, creeping; leaves reniformly
cordate, deeply crenated ; racemes spicate, lateral, pedunculate,
short, oblong ; calyx 5-cleft, unequal. X- H. Native on the
banks of the Missouri. V. reniforuiis, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 10, but not of Rafin. Leaves on long petioles. Stem creep-
ing, rooting at the joints. Peduncles alternate, length of leaves.
Bracteas oblong, crenated. Flowers large, crowded, pale blue.
Filaments length of corolla.
Pursh's Speedwell. Pi. creeping.
114 V. acutiflora (Lapeyr. abr. suppl. p. 7. Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 1. p. 112.) pilose; leaves linear, obtuse: lower
ones deeply serrated, pilose : upper ones lanceolate, nearly en-
tire, rugose ; racemes elongated ; segments of corolla acumi-
nated. % . H. Native of Tolosa, at La fontaine d'amour,
among rushes. Pedicels longer than the bracteas. Corollas
red. Very nearly allied to 7 . Chamce^drys and F. pilosa.
Acute-Jlowered Speedwell Fl. May, Jime. Clt. 1821. PI.
1 foot.
115 V. MicHAu'xii (Lam. ill. no. 163. Poir. encycl. 8. p.
532.) stems a little fistular, clothed with clammy villi ; leaves
half stem-clasping, oblong-lanceolate, denticulated, smooth ; ra-
cemes spicate, short, on axillary, stiff peduncles ; calyx 4-cleft :
segments ovate, acutish. 1/ . H. Native of tiie Levant.
Leaves 1| inch long, and 6 lines broad. Corollas middle sized.
Michauxs Speedwell. PI. 5 to | foot.
116 V. DEPAUPERA^TA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 273. t.
245.) creeping and ascending, pilose ; leaves obovate, obtuse,
subserrated ; peduncles axillary, subracemose ; calyx 4, rarely
3-5-cleft. %. H. Native of Hungary and Liptavia, on calca-
reous rocks. Corolla blue, upper segments emarginate. Cap-
sule obcordate-ovate. Probably the V. aphylla, var. /3, Baumg.
trans. 1. p. 22, of which he gives the following diagnosis.
Sterile stems creeping ; leaves crowded in a rosulate manner at
apex, hairy, subdentate ; scapes half an inch high, hairy, very
simple, leafy at the base, ascending, terminating in 2-3-flowered
racemes ; pedicels a little drooping in the flower-bearing state ;
bracteas oblong, bluntish. Corolla pale blue. Calyx unequally
4-parted.
Impoverished Speedwell. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. PI.
creeping.
117 V. Syri'aca (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 116.) erect ;
leaves ovate, serrated : lower ones petiolate : superior ones ses-
sile ; pedicels spreading, 3 times longer than the bracteas ; cap-
sule ciliated. ©. H. Native of Syria, near Damascus, on a
mountain called Dgebelcher. V. pedunculata, Labill. pi. syr.
dec. 5. p. 8. t. 5. f. 2, exclusive of the synonymes of Buxb.
and Bieb. Leaves subciliated. Pedicels rather pilose, 2 to 4
times longer than the bracteas, which are lanceolate and ciliated.
Calycine segments equal, obtuse. Capsule compressed.
Syrian Speedwell. PI. 5 to 5 foot.
118 V. divarica'ta (Tausch. hot. zeit. 1821. p. 562.) stem
decumbent, bifariously pilose, much branched ; branches oppo-
site, divaricate ; leaves all petiolate, cordate, smooth, doubly
crenated ; racemes axillary, about equal in length to the stems ;
pedicels capillary; calyx 4-parted, nearly equal. %.. H. Na-
tive of Savoy, in shady valleys, particularly at Petersgrund.
Root creeping. Leaves pilose, most so beneath, 3 times the
size of those of F. Chamce drijs, not wrinkled. Racemes oppo-
site. Flowers remote, pale blue, larger than those of F. Chamce^-
drys. Pedicels twice as long as the bracteas.
Divaricate Speedwell. PI. prostrate.
119 V. stoloni'fera (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1820. ex
Linnaea, 3. p. 8.) stolons creeping, hairy ; hairs at length dis-
tinct ; leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, coarsely serrate-toothed,
rather hairy ; racemes axillary ; calyx foliaceous, longer than
the capsule. %. H. Native of North America.
Stoloniferous Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. creeping.
120 V. MAXIMA (Stev. in mem. mosc. 2. p. 173. Bieb. cauc.
3. p. 13.) leaves ovate, almost sessile, coarsely serrated, pilose;
racemes lateral ; calyxes and capsules ciliated. ©. H. Native
of Iberia, in mountain meadows. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 23. t. 34.
Plant hairy. Calyx 4-parted, exceeding the capsule. Corolla
574
SCROPHULARINE^. LXVI. Veronica.
small, blue, hardly exceeding the calyx. Capsule compressed,
obeordale.
Largest Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to
i feet.
121 V. URTic^FOLiA (Lin. syst. p. CO.) erect, pilose; leaves
sessile, cordate-ovate, acute, coarsely serrated ; racemes lateral,
slender, few-flowered. % . H. Native of the South of Europe,
in shady places, and of Bithynia. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 77. D.
C. fl. fr. no. 2388. Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p. 37. t. 59. Bertol.
amoen. p. 324. Guss. pi. rar. p. 5. V. galeopsifolia, Gilib.
V. latifolia. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 441, exclusive of the syn. of Vill.
but not of Lin. V. circaeoides, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p.
7. V. maxima, Dalech. hist. 1 165. f 1.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 322.
sect. 3. t. 23. f. 18.— Buxb. cent. 2. p. 23. t. 34. Stems simple.
Leaves with rufescent nerves, those in the middle of the stem
broad. Pedicels longer than the branches. Calyx 4-parted,
equal. Corollas small, red, or pink. This species has much
the habit of a species of Circce'a.
Nettle-leaved Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1770. PI.
1 to 1 foot.
122 V. meliss;ef6iia (Poir. encycl. 8. p. 526.) leaves sessile,
subcordate-ovate, crenately cut, downy beneath ; racemes spi-
cate, lateral, opposite. 1+. H. Native country unknown.
Stem erect, downy, slender. Leaves obtuse, an incb long, and
10 lines broad. Bracteas ovate, bardly tlie length of the calyx.
Calyx equal. Corollas small, pale blue, or white. Capsule
glabrous, obcordate. Seeds red.
Balm-leaved Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI.
1 foot.
123 V. Vestia'na (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. mant. 1. p.
111.) stems hoary, villous; leaves coarsely serrated, petiolate :
cauline ones ovate : rameal ones oblong ; style thicker than the
filaments ; racemes spicate, elongated ; bracteas filiform, ex-
ceeding the calyxes a little. Of. H. Native country unknown.
V. melissaefolia, Vest, in litt. Leaves entire at the base, usu-
ally subcordate. Calyx rather unequal.
rest's Speedwell. PI. 1 foot.
124 V. pkostra'ta (Lin. spec. p. 17.) canescent and pubes-
cent ; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse, serrated : superior ones
lanceolate, flat ; racemes axillary, opposite, elongated ; flori-
ferous stems ascending: barren ones prostrate. %. H. Na-
tive of Germany, Italy, and Switzerland, on hills. Vahl, enum.
1. p. 75. Moench. hass. t. 1. V. Teiicrium, /3, Savi, bot.
etrusc. 1. p. 12. V. canescens. Bastard, suppl. fl. Main et
Loire, p. 21.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 287, with a good figure. Flow-
ers blue. Capsule compressed, glabrous. Calyx unequal,
nearly glabrous.
Var. ft, minor (Riv. mon. t. 95.) plant smaller.
Var. y, sutureijoiia (Poit. et Turp. fl. par. p. 22.) racemes
exceeding the prostrate stems : lower leaves oblong, serrated at
top : middle ones subdenticulated : the rest linear, and quite
entire.
Var. c, dlba ; flowers white, wrinkled.
Proi(rfl<e Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. PI. pros.
125 V. Teu'crium (Lin. spec. p. 16.) downy; lower leaves
ovate-oblong, half stem-clasping, obtuse, coarsely serrated :
superior leaves sessile, narrower, serrated ; racemes axillary,
opposite, on long peduncles; stems ascending, or prostrate. Ti..
H. Native of Italy, Switzerland, Germany, in argillaceous soil.
Vahl, enuin. 1. p. 76. Schmidt, fl. bohem. p. 10. D. C. fl. fr.
2290. Lodd. bot. cab. 425. — Lob. icon. 473. Veronica mon-
tana, Riv. mon. t. 95. Pall. itin. 2. p. 522. V. Teiicrium, var.
intermedia, Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 40. V. latifolia, /3, minor, Schrad.
fl. germ. 1. p. 30. Racemes rather dense. Calyx 4-5-parted,
unequal. Corollas blue, larger than those of V. latij'dlla.
Capsule compressed, emarginate, nearly glabrous, slightly cili-
ated, shorter than the unequal calyx. There is in gardens a
stiflfer variety, with rather broader leaves, and having capsules
longer than the calyx. V. florida, of Schmidt, fl. boh. cent. 1.
p. 23, is probably also a variety of this, but the stems are said
to be bifariously pilose, and the leaves equally serrated.
Germander-leaved Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596.
PI. 1 to 11 foot.
126 V. Chai'xi (Lapeyr. pyr. abr. suppl. 1. p. 6.) leaves
sessile, wrinkled, elongated, deeply toothed ; racemes lateral ;
calyx 4-parted, unequal, ■y.. H. Native of the Pyrenees, on
the Pic de Gerard. V. latifolia, y, diibia, Lapeyr. abr. p. 9. V.
dubia, Chaix, herb, et fl. fr. no. 2395. Plant smaller than F.
latifolia. Leaves narrower, more acute ; calyxes and bracteas
more elongated. The whole plant pilose. Flowers large, blue.
Var. ft, minor (Lapeyr. 1. c.) leaves obtuse, somewhat pinna-
tifid at the base. %. H. Native of the Pyrenees.
C/i«iVi Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot.
127 V. lutetia'na (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. mant. 1. p.
109.) leaves lanceolate, quite glabrous, a little toothed, obtuse;
racemes lateral, very long. 2/ . H. Native country unknown.
V. nitida, Hort. par. ex Poir. suppl. 5. p. 467, but not of
Ehrh. Perhaps only a variety of V. Teiicrium, having the stems
hardly downy, and the leaves deep green and shining, and
almost entire. Corollas pale blue. Capsule glabrous, com-
pressed.
Lutetian Speedwell. PI. 1 foot.
128 V. LATIFOLIA (Lin. spec. p. 18. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1.
p. 24. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 33.) downy; stems erect; leaves sub-
cordate-ovate, sessile, half stem-clasping, bluntly serrated ; ra-
cemes axillary^ opposite, dense ; calyx 5-parted. %.. H. Na-
tive of Sweden, Switzerland, and Germany, and of Siberia, &c.
Vahl, enum. 1. p. 76. Schrad. fl. germ. 1. p. 35. Sweet, fl.
gard. t. 23. Link, enum. 1. p. 25. V. Teucrium, Poll. pal. no.
13. Hoppe, cent. sic. 1. no. 76, and of many other authors.
V. Teiicrium, a, latifolia. Led. fl. atl. 1. p. 40. V. chamae'-
drys, Patrin, mss. V. pseudo-chamse'drys, Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p.
37. t. 60. — Weinm, phyt. t. 1005. a. Flowers dense, Bracteas
a little longer than the pedicels. Capsule compressed, emar-
ginate, downy. Corollas blue, with deeper veins. There is a
dwarf variety of this, having leaves so deeply serrated, as
to be almost jagged. The variations of the five preceding
species run so gradually into each other, as hardly to be distin-
guished ; in F. latifolia, however, the leaves are perfectly
ovate, and broad in the middle ; in V. Teucrium they are ovate-
oblong, broad at the base ; and in V. prostrata the leaves are
elliptic to nearly linear.
Broad-leaved Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1748. PI.
2 feet.
129 V. Himale'nsis (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 92. Benth.
scroph. ind. p. 44.) pubescently hairy, but at length glabrous ;
leaves sessile, ovate, or ovate-oblong, deeply crenated, hairy
while young ; racemes opposite, on long peduncles ; calyx
unequally 5-parted ; capsule ovate, acute, exceeding the calyx.
11. H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosainsthan, Wall. V. grandi-
flora. Wall. cat. no. 403. Bracteas lanceolate, longer than the
pedicels. Calycine segments ciliated. Flowers azure blue.
Said to be very nearly allied to J\ Teiicrium.
Himalaya Speedwell. PI. 5 to f foot.
130 V. cRiNiTA (Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p.
26.) erect, downy; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, une-
qually serrated ; racemes axillary, twice as long as the leaves ;
calyx 5-parted, unequal. %. H. Native of Hungary, on
hills. Stem tomentose. Lower leaves obtuse : upper ones
acute, quite entire at base and apex. Bracteas longer than the
pedicels. Capsule emarginate, compressed. Perhaps a variety
of V. Teucrium, or V. latifolia.
1
SCROPHULARINE^E. LXVI. Veronica.
575
Hahy Speedwell. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 foot.
131 V. denta'ta (Sclirad. fl. germ. 1. p. 37, exclusive of the
dentata of .Schmidt.) ascending, nearly glabrous ; leaves dark
green, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acutish, remotely ser-
rated ; racemes axillary, elongated; calyx 5-parted. ^.H.
Native of the South of Europe, and Siberia, on dry hills.
Besser. fl. gal. no. 2G. V. Teiicrium, Host, syn. p. 8. Wahl.
fl. carp. p. 7. no. 14, exclusive of the synonymes of Lin. V.
prostr^ta, Geners, elench. seep. no. 13. Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 10.
ex Wahl. V. Teiicrium, /3, angustifolia, Vahl, eniim. 1. p. 76.?
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 40. D. C. fl. fr. 3. no. 2390. /5. V. angus-
tifolia, Bernh. Teiicrium IV. tertia species, Clus. hist. p.
349. Very like a narrow-leaved variety of /'. Teucrium, but of
more humble growth. Leaves glabrous to the naked eye, but
being examined by a lens they will be found to be ciliated ;
they are sessile, almost all lanceolate.
roo?/(eJ-leaved Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI.
ascending, 1 foot.
132 V. Schmi'dtii (Room, et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 115.) nearly
glabrous, dark green, ascending, or erect; leaves narrow-lance-
olatC; remotely serrated, and linear, quite entire, with revoiute
edges ; racemes axillary, opposite, elongated ; calyx 5-parted.
%. H. Native of Bohemia. Link, enum. 1. p. 25. V. den-
tata, Sclimidt. fl. boh. cent. 1. p. 20. V. paniculata, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 71. enum. 1. p. 23, exclusive of the syn. of Pall.
Leaves usually opposite, but sometimes 3 in a whorl. Lower
bracteas longer than the flowers : superior ones length of pedi-
cels. Calyx unequal, hairy, ciliated. Corollas large, showy,
deep blue. Stems prostrate, sub-tomentose, ex Link.
Schmidt's Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. pros.
133 V. macrosta'chya (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 71.) hoary and
villous ; leaves linear-oblong, deeply serrated outside ; racemes
axillary; stems prostrate. %. H. Native of Syria, Labill.
Stem filiform. Leaves sessile, obtuse. Calyx 4-cleft. Capsule
obcordate, compressed, length of calyx. In cultivated plants
of this species the stems are a foot and a half long, and the
racemes 2 feet long.
Long-spiked Speedwell. PI. prostrate.
§ 3. Leaves piniialijid, or hipinnatifid, or peclinately toothed.
134 V. pectina'ta (Vahl, enum. I. p. 71.) leaves oblong,
pectinately serrated ; stems prostrate ; racemes elongated, leafy
at the base. %. H. Native about Constantinople. — Buxb.
cent. 1. t. 39. f. 1. Stem shrubby at the base, and branched,
ascending, and, like the whole plant, canescent from pubescence.
Leaves subpetiolate, acute at the base.
Pectinate-leaved Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819.
PL prostrate.
135 V. parvifolia (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 72.) ascending, pubes-
cent ; leaves small, pinnatifid ; racemes many-flowered ; brac-
teas equal in length to the pedicels. T|. H. Native of Cap-
padocia, and Armenia, in grassy places. — Buxb. cent. 1. t. 41.
f. 2. Leaves all deeply pinnatifid, except the upper ones.
Flowers and capsules 3-4 times smaller than those of /'. orien-
talis. Capsule compressed, obcordate.
^'nia//-/eaiTd Speedwell. PI. ascending.
136 V. Ro'sEA (Desf fl. atl. l.p. 13.) downy ; stem shrubby,
ascending; leaves pinnatifid, on short petioles, acute, with 2-3
segments on each side ; racemes elongated, axillary ; bracteas
equal in length to the pedicels. P^ . G. Native of Mount
Atlas, near Tlemsen. Pedicels capillary. Calyx unequal. Co-
rollas rose-coloured, size of those of l'. latifuUa.
A'ose-coloured-flowered Speedwell. Shrub ascending.
137 V. OKiENT.Vus (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 23. ed.
2d. vol. 1. p. 32.) procuinbent, downy; leaves linear-lance-
olate : lower ones pectinately pinnatifid : superior ones entire ;
racemes axillary, elongated. % . H. Native of Armenia and
Iberia. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 73. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 12. Willd. spec.
1. p. 69. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 419. V. Austriaca, /3, Lin. spec,
no. 17. V. heterophylla, Sal. par. lond. p. 7. t. 4. Pedicels
longer than the bracteas. Flowers blue. Calyx unequal, 5-partod.
Om-«/a/ Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1748. PI. proc.
138 V. Tau'rica (Willd. spec. l.p. 70.) procumbent; leaves
crowded, tridentate at apex, or linear, and pinnatifidly toothed,
rather pilose ; pedicels longer than the bracteas ; calyx downy,
4-parted, unequal. l/.H. Native of Tauria. Lodd. bot. cab.
914. V. orientalis, /3, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 72. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1.
p. 12. Flowers blue.
Taurian Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. pros.
139 V. Jacqui'ni (Schott. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p.
108. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 26.) hairy or downy, erectish ;
lower leaves sessile, hipinnatifid : si\perior ones pinnatifid ;
racemes long, filiform, axillary : lower bracteas trifid, longer
than the pedicels; calyx 5-cleft, unequal. 2/. H. Native
of Austria, Carniola, Croatia, and Tauria. V. Austriaca,
and V. multifida, Jacq. austr. 4. p. 16. t. 329, exclusive
of the synonymes of Bauh. and Buxb. V. multifida. Scop. fl.
earn. ed. 2d. p. 16. no. 15, exclusive of the synonymes of Lin.
Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 23, but not of Lin. V. Austriaca, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 70, exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. vind. Crantz,
Bauh. and Morison. Hoffm. fl. germ. p. 8. Vahl, enum. 1. p.
73, exclusive of the syn. of Lin. Bauh. Crantz. V. tenu-
ifolia, Schrad. fl. germ. 1. p. 39, exclusive of the syn. of
Host, Schrank, Schmidt, Morison, and Bauhin. Pers. ench. 1.
p. 12, and Bieb. fl. cauc. p. 13, exclusive of the syn. of Mo-
rison. Besser. fl. gall. 1. p. 35, exclusive of var. a. Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 32. Plant ascending. Stems
terete, much branched, clothed with minute, white, short hairs.
Leaves rather pilose, multifidly parted ; segments pinnatifid,
linear, acute, toothed : lower ones longer, divaricate. Racemes
filiform, erect, long, pilose. Lower bracteas trifid, or bifid, the
rest entire, ciliated. Flowers blue. Capsules glabrous.
/aci/itm's Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1748. PI. 1 foot.
140 V. triciioca'rpa (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. man'. 1. p.
106.) stems erectish ; lower leaves hipinnatifid ; pedicels longer
than the bracteas; capsules hairy. 1/. H. Native country
unknown. V. pilocarpa, Link, enum. 1. p. 25. V. orientalis,
Willd. enum. 1. p. 22, but not of Ait. Very nearly allied to
/'. Jacqiilni, but the capsule is hairy. Calyx 5-parted.
Hairy-fruited Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1 foot.
141 V. Austriaca (Lin. spec. p. 17.) plant weak, trailing, or
ascending ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, deeply serrated, and pin-
natifid : racemes lateral, elongated ; calyx 4-parted ; bracteas
entire, shorter than the pedicels. i;.H. Native near Vienna,
and of Bohemia, also of Spain. Jacq. enum. vind. p. 3.
Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 27, exclusive of the syn. of
Jacq. Krok. fl. siles. p. 23, exclusive of the syn. of Riv.
Schwenkf. and Jacq. Mill. diet. no. 9. Host, syn. p. 9, ex-
clusive of all syn. Link, enum. 1. p. 25. V. polymorpha,
Willd. enum. suppl. p. 2. Schweig. enum. hort. regiom. p. 78.
V. laciniata, Moench. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 287.— Mor. hist. 2.
sect. 3. t. 23. f. 12. V. Austriaca, foliis tenuissime laciniatis,
Tourn. inst. p. 144. V. pratensis, var. a. Crantz, austr. p.
344, exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. V. multifida, Schmidt,
fl. boh. p. 21, exclusive of the syn. of Lin. and Jacq. Plant
downy. Flowers blue.
Austrian H^eeAvieW. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1748. PI. 1 foot.
142 V. Orsinia NA (Tenore, prod, append. 5. ex Linnaea, 3.
p. 97.) stems erectish, villous, with 2 lines of more dense villi;
leaves oblong, obtuse, pectinately sub-pinnatifid ; calyx 5-
parted, with linear segments ; pedicels capillary, about equal in
576
SCROPHULARINE^. LXVI. Veronica.
length to the bracteas. If. . H. Native of Abruzzo, on the
mountains. Plant canescent from pubescence. It differs from
J'. Auslrtaca in the calyx being 5-parted, in the leaves being
less cut, and in the whole habit ; and from Y. pedunculiiris in
the calyx being 5-parted, in the segments being narrower, in the
leaves being oblong, and in the pedicels being shorter.
Orsin's Speedwell. PI. 1 foot.
143 V. Cauca'sica (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 13. suppl. p. 14.)
erectish, nearly glabrous ; leaves bipinnatifid ; segments lance-
olate and linear ; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; pedicels ca-
pillary ; calyx large, 4-parted, nearly equal. % . H. Native of
Caucasus and Iberia. Lodd. hot. cab. 1369. Calyx 4-cleft.
Pedicels much longer than the bracteas, pendulous in the fructi-
ferous state. Flowers pale red, or wliite, variegated by deeper
veins. There are varieties of this, having the segments of the
leaves narrower and broader. In mem. soc. nat. mosc. 2. p.
180. no. 8. Steven defines a variety of this, or a new species
nearly allied, under the name of " V. ossetica ; leaves bipinna-
tifid ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels, and are, as well as
linear calycine segments, downy."
Caucasian Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. | foot.
144 V. TENUiFOLiA (Stcv. ex Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 13.) ascending;
leaves ])innatifid, with linear, filiform segments ; racemes axil-
lary ; calyx unequal. l/.H. Native of Iberia. Very nearly
allied to V. multifida, but the stems are more elongated, the
leaves less compound ; the pedicels are equal in length to the
bracteas, or longer. The 3 superior segments of calyx are
small. Perhaps the same as V. parviflora, Vahl. ? but the
flowers are never smaller than those of V. orientalis, V. mulli-
Jida, &c.
Fine-leaved &])eeAv;e\\. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. PI. i foot.
145 V. multi'fida (Lin. spec. 17.) procumbent, rather woody
at the base, canescent ; leaves bipinnatifid, with lanceolate,
or linear segments ; racemes axillary. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia,
on hills ; also of Tauria and Caucasus ; and between Smyrna and
Bursa. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 12. Willd. spec. 1. p. 69. Smith,
in Lin. trans. 1. p. 191. Sims, bot. mag. 1679. Calycine seg-
ments unequal, subulate. Corollas pale blue. Pedicels equal
in length to the bracteas, or shorter.
Var. ji, hirsida ; plant more hairy ; corollas rose-coloured.
%. H. Amm. ruth. p. 25. no. .33.
MM/<i^rf-leaved Speedwell. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1748. PI.
procumbent.
Sect. VII. Scutella'ta (from scutella, a little saucer; shape
of valves of capsule.) Capsule orbicular, deeply 2-lobed, com-
pressed. Seeds compressed on one side, and convex on the
other. Aquatic plants with opposite leaves, and loose, axillary
racemes of flowers.
146 V. SCUTELLARIA (Lin. spec. p. 16.) erectish, creeping,
and rooting at the base ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly entire ;
racemes axillary, alternate, loose ; pedicels pendulous, or spread-
ing ; calyx 4-parted, equal. 1^. H. Native of Europe, Sibe-
ria, and North America, in inundated places, particularly in
watery spongy bogs, chiefly on a sandy soil. Vahl, enum. 1. p.
70. Fl. dan. t. 209. and t. 1561. Curt. lond. t. 56. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 782. Poit. et Turp. fl. par. 1. p. 15. f. 13. Riv.
mon. irr. 96. f. 1. Root creeping. Leaves sessile, nearly con-
nate, rarely furnished with a few teeth. Racemes alternate,
longer than the leaves ; pedicels longer than the bracteas. Co-
rolla of a pale flesh colour, the smaller segment palest. In the
American plant the peduncles are opposite, and shorter than the
leaves, and the flowers are nearly sessile.
Var. a, glabra ; leaves subovate-lanceolate, denticulated, and
are, as well as the stem, glabrous. 7/ . W. H. Gesn. icon,
aen. t. 10. f. 87.
Var. ft, pilosa (Vahl, 1. c.) plant pilose, or villous ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, sub-denticulated. 1^. H. V. villosa, Schum.
fl. saell. 1. p. 7. Serrature glandular.
Var. S, latifolia (Rosen, et Weber, hols. no. 13.) leaves ovate,
lanceolate. %. H. Lapeyr. pi. pyr. suppl. ined. (Stem
pilose.) V. parmularia, Poit. et Turp. fl. par. t. 14, ex Lois.
(S'oMcer-capsuled Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
147 V. parmula'ria (Tratt. fl. austr. t. 20.) stem erectish,
hairy ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, denticulated, ciliated. If . W.
H. Native of Austria. Very nearly allied to V. scutellata ;
and differs from it only in the leaves being acute, not acumi-
nated, hardly length of the internodes, not longer. Bracteas
bluntish. Probably only a slight variety of V. scutellata.
Small-shielded Speedwell. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
148 V. Carolinia'na (Poir. encycl. 8. p. 520.) glabrous;
stem erect, dichotomous at top ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse,
nearly entire: lower ones petiolate. If. W. H. Native of
Carolina, in water. Leaves rather fleshy, 6 lines long and 3
broad. Racemes loose, leafy ; bracteas petiolate, longer than
the pedicels. Calycine segments ovate. Capsule obcordate.
Perhaps this is V. scutellata of American authors.
Caro^ma Speedwell. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. i to
1 foot.
Sect. VIII. Becabu'nga (the name Becabunga comes from
the German Bach-pungen ; bach meaning a rivulet ; in York-
shire and Norfolk a beck.) Capsule inflated, entire, or emargi-
nate, subdidymous. Seeds oblong, or globose. Aquatic plants.
149 V. Becabu'nga (Lin. spec. p. 16.) glabrous, shining;
stems procumbent, rooting at the base ; leaves elliptic, oval or
oblong, obtuse, on short petioles, crenately serrulated or entire ;
racemes loose, axillary. 1/. W. H. Native throughout Eu-
rope, Siberia, and North America, in ditches and rivulets of
clear water, and in running streams ; plentiful in Britain. In
Nipaul, Hamilt., and Kanaour, Royle. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 69.
Fl. dan. t. 511. Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 3. Woodv. t. 7. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 655. Svensk, bot. t. 127. V. punctata, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 93. — Bocc. mus. p. 22. t. 6. — Riv. mon. irr. t.
100. f. 1. Stems terete. Leaves running into the short pe-
tioles. Bracteas narrow, lanceolate, shorter than the pedicels.
Calyx 4-parted. Corolla blue, veined with red. Capsule en-
tire, or hardly emarginate. The Nipaul plant differs from the
European, in the bracteas and calyxes being obtuse ; and in
the capsule being entire. This plant is considered medicinal,
being included in Pharmacopoeias.
Brook-lime Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. | to 2 feet.
150 V. te'nuis (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 217. fl. alt. 1. p.
39.) stem erect, strict, and are, as well as the leaves, glabrous;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish, serrulated ; racemes axillary :
intermediate ones opposite ; calyx 4-parted ; capsule elliptic-
obovate, obtuse, entire. 0. H. Native of the North of
Persia. Leaves opposite, nearly connate. Racemes axillary,
opposite. Pedicels twice as long as the bracteas. Seeds
minute, globose, not flat on one side, and convex on the other,
as in V. scutellata.
Slender Speedwell. PI. | to 1 foot.
151 V. anagalloi'des (Guss. pl. rar. p. 5. t. 3.) erect, gla-
brous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, stem-clasping, entire ; racemes
lateral ; calyx 4-parted, about equal in length to the corolla ;
capsules elliptic, obtuse. ©. H. Native of the East of the
Calabria, in low marshy places near Catanzaro. Stem rooting
at bottom. Pedicels longer than the bracteas. Corolla pale
blue or white. Capsule rather emarginate. Seeds roundish.
Very like V, anagdllis.
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXVI. Veronica.
577
Jar. /3 ; stem downy ; liairs glandular at top.
Anagallis-like Speedwell. PI. 3 to 1 foot.
152 V. Anaga'llis (Lin. spec. p. 16.) glabrous, erect, root-
ing at the base; leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, serrated,
acute, cordately stem-clasping or subconnate ; racemes opposite,
many-flowered, longer than those of F. Becabunga. ©. W. H.
Native of Europe, Siberia, Levant, Virginia, Japan, in rivulets
and ditches, and muddy water ; also of Nipaul, Silhet, Hindos-
tan, and Kanaour. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 69. Fl. dan. t. 903.
Curt. lond. fasc. 5. t. 2. Smith, engl. bot. t. 721.? 781. St.
Hil. pi. fr. 37. t. 6. Svensk, bot. 127. V. undulata. Wall, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 147. Stem subtetragonal ; superior leaves
sessile. Flowers pale blue, or white lined with blue. Calycine
segments 4, acute. Capsules roundish, emarginate.
Jar. /J, minor (Vahl. 1. c.) stem and leaves much shorter.
0. H. V. Anagallis, /j, pusilla, Poir. — Tabern. icon. 1718.
Jar. y, lenerrima (Schmidt, boh. cent. 1. no. 23.) leaves
ovate, flat, quite entire ; stem erect ; racemes terminal and ax-
illary. 0. H.
J^ar. S ; raceme solitary ; leaves lanceolate, crenated.
O.H.
Pivipernell-Wke Speedwell. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
Sect. IX. Cochlidiospe'rma (from Ko-)(\og, kochlos, a shell ;
and (Tirepfia, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the shape of the
seeds.) Rchb. Capsule compressed, obcordate. Seeds navi-
cular.— Annual herbs, with axillary 1 -flowered pedicels. Floral
leaves alternate.
153 V. bi'loba (Lin. mant. p. 172.) stem erectish, downy;
leaves nearly sessile, oblong or lanceolate, quite entire or ser-
rated ; calyxes 4-parted, exceeding the corolla ; capsule 2-
lobed : lobes longer than the style, and shorter than the calyx.
0. H. Native of the Himalaya, on Mount Choor, Royle ;
Cappadocia, in corn-flelds ; Caucasus, on Mount Schahdagh,
Steven. Vahl, symb. 1. p. 1. Rchb. icon. 645. — Buxb. cent. 1.
t. 36. Floral leaves longer than the peduncles. Corolla blue.
7'?i'o-/o6erf-capsuled Speedwell. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1819.
PI. i to J foot.
154 V. agre'stis (Lin. spec. j). 18.) stem procumbent,
downy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenately-serrated ; pedicels
2-3 times longer than the capsule, reflexed in the fructiferous
state ; capsule obcordate : lobes turgid, approximate, obso-
letely keeled. Q. H. Native of Europe, in cultivated fields;
and of Asia, at Saharampore. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 80. Curt. fl.
lond. 1. t. 1. Borrer, engl. bot. suppl. 2603. Rchb. icon,
cent. 3. p. 66. t. 227. f. 440. St. Hil. pi. fr. p. Sd. t. 3. V.
pulchella, Batard, ex D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 308. Corollas pale
and deep blue, shorter than the calyx. Seeds about 6 in each
cell.
Field Speedwell. Fl. March, July. Britain. PI. procum-
bent.
155 V. poli'ta (Fries, ex Borrer, in engl. bot. supp. under
2603. ed. 2d. t. 19.) procumbent, hairy; leaves cordate-ovate,
petiolate, deeply serrated, shorter than the peduncles ; calycine
segments ovate, acute ; capsule obcordate : lobes turgid, ap-
proximate, not keeled ; seeds many in each cell. ©. H. Na-
tive of Britain, particularly in the North, in gardens. Rchb.
icon. t. 247. V. agrestis, Smith, engl. bot. 783. Corolla bright
blue, shorter than the calyx.
Polished Speedwell. Fl. March, July. Britain. PI. pro-
cumbent.
156 V. FiLiFORMis (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 82.) stem procumbent,
filiform, rather villous ; leaves roundisii-cordate, crenated : pe-
duncles very long, refle.\ed in the fruit-bearing state ; capsule
obcordate, rather turgid ; calyx 4-cleft, unequal. ©. H. Native
VOL. IV.
of the south of Europe and Caucasus. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p, 39.
Rchb. icon. t. 644. Ver. orientalis foliis heder:e terrestris,
flore magno, Tourn. cor. 7. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 25. t. 40. f. 1.
Leaves furnished with scattered pili. Calycine segments lanceo-
late. Corolla large, pale blue. Stems long, procumbent. Per-
haps the same as F. Buxhaumii.
Filiform-stemmed Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI.
trailing.
157 V. Buxbau'mii (Tenore, fl. neap. p. 7. no. 7. t. 1.) pro-
cumbent, hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, deeply crenated, petio-
late ; peduncles drooping in the fructiferous state, rather longer
than the leaves ; corollas larger than the calyx, which is 4-
parted ; capsule compressed, 2-lobed : lobes divaricate, keeled.
G- H. Native of Europe, in fields; in England, in Kent.
Rchb. icon. t. 268. V. Tournefortii, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 39.
V. hispida, Hort. V. cymbalarisefolia, Schmidt. V. agrestis,
var. Byzantina, Smith, fl. grsec. t. 8. V. Persica, Poir. en-
cycl. 8. p. 542.— Buxb. cent. 1. p. 22. t. 40. f. 6. Much
larger than /-'. agrestis. Stems much branched, bifariously pilose.
Corollas blue.
Buxhaum's Speedwell. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1800. PI.
procumbent.
158 V. GLAu'cA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. 5. t. 7. prod.
1. p. 9.) procumbent, hairy; leaves cordate, deeply serrated,
petiolate : peduncles capillary ; calyx 4-cleft, with toothed seg-
ments. O' H. Native near Athens, on Mount Hamettos.
Much branched. Stem bifariously pilose. Leaves glaucous.
Corolla blue, bordered with white, larger than the calyx.
G/a«coui-leaved Speedwell. PI. prostrate.
159 V. arve'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 18.) erect, hairy; lower
leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, serrated ; cauline ones crenated ;
floral ones lanceolate, sessile, entire, longer than the pedun-
cles ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx 4-cleft, unequal ; capsule
obcordate, compressed. 0. H. Native of Europe and North
America, in cultivated fields. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 81. Fl. dan.
t. 515, Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 2. Smith, engl. bot. t. 734. Drev.
et Heyne, 2. t. 11. V. acinacifolia, Willd. enum. no. 41. V.
Romana, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 45. V. polyanthos, Thuill. par.
ed. 2. p. 9. Alyssum, Column, phyt. p. 28. with a good figure.
Corolla smaller than the calyx, pale blue.
C'orn-feld Speedwell. Fl. April, July. Britain. PI. 5 to 3
foot.
160 V. pulche'lla (Bernh. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1.
p. 126.) procumbent, pilose ; leaves petiolate, broad-cordate,
deeply crenated ; peduncles filiform, hardly shorter than the
leaves ; calyx 4-cleft, unequal. ©. H. Native country un-
known. Habit of J\ Persica, but smaller and less pilose ; the
leaves more oblong and firmer. Corolla shorter than the
calyx, white, except the upper segment, which is rose-co-
loured.
Pretty Speedwell. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1819. PI. pro-
cumbent.
161 V. ceratoca'rpa (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 106.) puberu-
lous ; stems branched, diffuse ; leaves ovate, acutish, serrated ;
peduncles longer than the leaves ; calyx 4-parted, with lanceo-
late, acute, nearly equal segments ; capsule compressed, broadly
obcordate: lobes lanceolate. ©. H. Native of Caucasus, in
meadows, between Sallian and Leukoran. Allied to F. Jili-
formis.
Horned-capsuled Speedwell. PI. diffuse.
162 V. ni'DYMA' (Tenore, prod. fl. neap. p. 6.) procumbent?
downy ; leaves deeply crenated ; peduncles reflexed in the
fructiferous state; capsule didymous, roundish. ©. H. Na-
tive of Naples.
Didymous-i\-\nieA Speedwell. PI. procumbent.
163 V. AMCE^NA (Stev. in Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 12.) spreading,
4 E
578
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXVI. Veronica.
hairy ? leaves ovate, crenated ; floral leaves oblong, quite en-
tire, shorter than the peduncles ; calyx 4-cleft, ^vith linear seg-
ments. ©. H. Native of Iberia, in fields. Size of F. arvensis;
but the floral leaves are dissimilar to the cauline ones, minute
and quite entire. Corollas large, blue, with a white bottom.
This is said to be the prettiest species of the genus.
Pleasant Speedwell. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PI. pro-
cumbent.
164 V. AciNAciFOLiA (Lin. spec. p. 19.) erectish, glabrous;
lower leaves petiolate, ovate, serrated or crenated : floral ones
nearly sessile, about equal in length to the peduncles ; calyx 4-
cleft, unequal. ©. H. Native of Germany, France, and Italy,
in muddy fields ; and of Chili, about Conception. Vahl, enum.
1. p. 85. Willd. spec. 1. p. 75. exclusive oi V. prcecox. V.
Romana, All. pedem. t. 85. Poit. et Turp. fl. par. 1. p. 22. t.
33. f. 3. V. Burdigalensis, Laterr. fl. bord. ed. p. 87. — Bocc.
mus. p. 19. t. 102. — Vaill. par. t. 33. f. 3. Stem drooping at
top, usually branched. Leaves sessile, connate, usually gla-
brous : floral ones smaller and narrower. Corolla pale blue,
marked by more obscure veins. Capsule obcordate, rather tur-
gid, compressed.
Acinus-leaved S\,eediv.e\\. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1788. PI.
I to 1 foot.
165 V. PKs'cox (AUioni, auct. p. 5. t. 1. f. 1.) the whole
plant clothed with glandular and simple hairs ; stem erectish ;
lower leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, serrated : floral ones nearly
sessile, shorter than the peduncles, which are incurved in the
fructiferous state ; calyx 4-cleft ; capsule obovate, emarginate,
turgid. 0. H. Native of France, Germany, and Italy, in
fields. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 40. D. C. fl. fr. 2402. Willd. spec.
1. p. 76. under V, acinacifdlia. V. ocymifolia, Thuil. fl. par.
p. 10. no. IS. V. segetalis, Pers. in Ust. ann. 14. p. 37. V.
acinacifolia, Schleich. cat. p. 53. V. viscida, Waldst. mss.
Stem branched at the base. Leaves purplish beneath. Flowers
small, blue. Capsule downy. There is a variety of this spe-
cies almost glabrous ; and another with more or less deeply cut
leaves. Habit of F. tripliijlla.
Early Speedwell. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1775. PI. i foot.
166 V. Cymbala'ria (Bertol. soc. med. d em. di gen, 1. p.
74. pi. gen. p. 3. giorn. de litt. 2. p. 2. 1805.) procumbent,
glabrous •, leaves petiolate, reniformly subcordate, with 5-9, but
usually 7 obtuse crenae or teeth, rather fleshy ; peduncles longer
than the leaves ; calyx 4-cleft, equal, with ovate obtuse seg-
ments, spreading in the fructiferous state ; capsule hairy, de-
pressed, obcordate. ©. H. Native about Genoa, on gai'den
walls; Island of Chio; Constantinople; Tunis, in fields. Sibth.
et Smith, fl. graec. t. 9. Viv. fragm. 1. t. 16. f. 1. V. cymba-
lariasfolia, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 81. Gmel. tubing, p. 6. V. hede-
raefolia, /3, Lin. spec. p. 19. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 25. t. 39. f. 2.
bad. Corolla larger than the calyx, with a white limb and
greenish-yellow throat. Cells of capsule 2-seeded.
Cyvibalaria-leaved Speedwell. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821.
PI. procumbent.
167 V. heder.ef6lia (Lin. spec. p. 19.) procumbent, downy;
leaves petiolate, roundish-cordate, 5-lobed : upper ones 3-lobed;
peduncles shorter than the leaves ; calyx 4-lobed, tetraquetrous,
and conniving in the fructiferous state ; calycine segments cor-
date, acute ; capsule obcordate, turgid, few-seeded. ©. H.
Native throughout Europe, among rubbish, in gardens and
fields; plentiful in Britain. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 82. Smith,
engl. hot. t. 784. Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 1. Poit. et Turp. fl. par.
1. p. 23. t. 26. Fl. dan. 428. Leaves reniformly cordate,
rather fleshy. Corolla pale blue, sometimes white.
Jar. fi, Lappago (Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 39.) leaves alternate,
cordate, acutish, 3-4-Iobed, petiolate ; stem erectish, much
branched ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the petioles. O .
H. Native of Bohemia. Calycine segments hastate. Flowers
small, red. This variety remains constant in cultivation.
Ivy-leaved Speedwell. Fl. March, June. Britain. PI. pro-
cumbent.
168 V. triphy'llos (Lin. spec. p. 19.) clothed with clammy
down ; stem erect, spreading ; lower leaves undivided : middle
ones digitately parted : superior ones trifid ; peduncles longer
than the calyx, length of leaves; calyx 4-cleft. Q. H. Native
of Europe, in fields ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Vahl,
enum. 1. p. 83. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2405. Curt. lond. 4. t. 2.
Fl. dan. 627. Smith, engl. hot. 26. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
1. p. 8. t. 10. V. digitata. Lam. fl. fr. ed. 2d. vol. 2. p. 445.
but not of Vahl. — Lob. icon. 464. f. 1. Lower leaves petio-
late : upper ones sessile. Corolla small, blue, veiny ; throat
white. Capsule didymous, subciliated, turgid, obcordate. Seeds
convex on one side and flat on the other.
Three-leaved Speedwell. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. i
to h foot.
169 V. digita'ta (Vahl, symb. 1. p. 84.) stem pilose at top,
branched ; leaves all digitately parted ; flowers sessile ; calyx
4-cleft, length of capsule. ©. H. Native of Spain, and about
Montpelier. Willd. spec. 1. p. 75. exclusive of V. succulenta,
Schmidt, which is referrible to F. verna. V. charaa?pithyoides.
Lam. ill. 1. p. 47. Branches height of stem. Leaves petio-
late : lower ones trifid, with ovate segments; the lateral seg-
ments narrower and shorter : lower floral ones 5-parted, upper
3-parted, with linear segments. Capsule obcordate.
Digitate-XeaveA Speedwell. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805.
PI. i foot.
170 V. ve'rna (Lin. spec. p. 19.) erect, downy ; leaves pinna-
tifidly 3-5-parted : upper floral ones undivided ; pedicels shorter
than the calyx ; calyx 4-cleft, unequal, with acute segments.
©. H. Native throughout Europe, in exposed places; plen-
tiful in some parts of Britain. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 83. Fl. dan.
t. 252. Smith, engl. hot. t. 25. Poit. et Turp. fl. par. 1. p.
21. t. 22. V. Dilllnii, Crantz, austr. p. 352. — Dill, geiss. ap-
pend, p. 38. V. pinnatifida, Lam. ill. t. 22. f. 4. V. succu-
lenta, Schmidt, et All. fl. ped. t. 22. f. 4. Peduncles much
shorter than the bracteas. Corolla small, blue, with a green
ring. Capsule obcordate, compressed, ciliated. Seeds minute,
scrobiculate.
Far. fl ; leaves almost quite entire. ®. H. V. polygonoides.
Lam. ill. 1. p. 47. V. Bellardi, All. pedem. 1. p. 77. t. 85. f.
1. Hairy. Flowers solitary, nearly sessile. Leaves alternate,
oblong, lanceolate, or linear. Stem simple, bearing flowers from
bottom to top. Corolla smaller than the calyx.
Spring Speedwell. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. ^ to i foot.
171 V. depre'ssa (Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2d. p, 32.)
branches procumbent ; leaves ovate, nearly sessile ; flowers
sessile, aggregate. ©. H. Native of Hungary, in dry pas-
tures.
Depressed Speedwell. PI. procumbent.
172 V. RENiFORMis (Rafiu. journ. de bot. 1808. vol. 1. p.
228.) procumbent, hispid ; leaves sessile, reniform, crenated, vil-
lous ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx 4-cleft, with ovate acutish
segments. 0. H. Native of New Jersey, in sandy places.
Leaves alternate, nearly sessile. Corolla whitish blue. Capsule
glabrous, compressed.
/fcHJ/brwi-leaved Speedwell. PI. procumbent.
173 V. RE PENS (Clar. in D. C. syn. fl. gall. no. 2407. fl. fr.
3. p. 727.) creeping, glabrous ; leaves ovate, roundish, crenated,
about equal in length to the peduncles. ©. H. Native of
Corsica, on the mountains. Lois. fl. gall. t. 1. V. tenella, Viv.
fl. cors. and perliaps All. ped. t. 22. f. 1. ? Plant very small.
Leaves nearly sessile. Calyx 4-cleft, equal ; segments ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse. Corolla pale purple, twice as long as the
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXVI. Veronica. LXVII. Dipiophyllum. LXVIII. Leptandra.
579
calyx. Capsule obcordate, ciliated, longer than the calyx.
Seeds many, smooth, rather flat.
Creeping Speedwell. Pi. creeping.
174 V. PEREGRiNA (Lin. spec. p. 28.) erect, glabrous; leaves
subserrated ; flowers sessile, shorter tlian the leaves ; calyx 4-
cleft, with narrow segments, which are a little longer than the
capsule. ©. H. Native of Europe, in gardens and fields;
North America, and }5uenos Ayres. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 85.
Fl. dan. t. 407. V. Marylandica, Murr. comm. gott. 1782. t.
3. V. Romana, Lin. mant. p. 317. V. Carolini^na, Walt. fl.
car. p. 61. V. carnosula. Lam. ill. 1. p. 47. V. Ise'vis, Lam.
fl. fr. ed. 2d. vol. 5. p. 44. V. pallescens, Gater. fl. montaub.
p. 27. Stem simple or branched. Radical leaves obovate, run-
ning into the petioles. Corollas small, blue or white. Capsule
obcordate, compressed.
J ar. /3, Xalapensis ; stems downy ; calycine segments broader.
©. H. Native of Mexico, near Xalapa, in forests of Liquid'
amhar. V. Xalapensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2.
J). 389.
Foreign Speedwell. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1680. PI. \ to
I foot.
175 V. Chille'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 390.)
stem creeping, downy ; leaves oblong-spatulate, serrated, gla-
brous ; flowers nearly sessile, shorter than the leaves, reflexed
in the fructiferous state ; calyx 4-parted, with lanceolate-acute
segments, which are longer than the capsule. Q. H. Native
of Quito, near Chillo, at the altitude of 1340 hexapods. Leaves
sessile, obtuse : floral ones alternate, narrow. Corolla white.
Capsule compressed, obcordate. Seeds oblong.
Chillo Speedwell. PI. creeping.
■f- Species not sufficiently known.
176 V. Koele'ri (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 127.) stem
erect, downy ; cauline leaves quite entire, opposite, or 3 in a
whorl : floral ones alternate, shorter than the peduncles. 0.
H. Native country unknown. V. nova, Koeler de veron. in
recuil. d' mem. soc. Mayence, p. 184. Roem. coll. 1. p. 306.
Koeler's Speedwell. PI. erect.
177 V. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 6. Vahl,
enum. 1. p. 81.) plant hairy; stems slender, creeping; leaves
orbicularly reniform, crenated, petiolate, subpeltate ; peduncles
twice as long as the petioles. 1/ . G. Native of Peru, in bogs.
Stems purplish. Leaves 2 or 3, but usually solitary at the
joints. Corolla of a rosy purple colour. Stamens 3, length of
tube. There is a variety of this having a 5-cleft corolla, and 4
stamens. Certainly not a species of Veronica.
Round-leaved Speedwell. PI. creeping.
■\ -\- The folloKing names occur in the gardens, but they are
probably synonymous with those described above.
1. V. diversifolia, Moench. 2. V. melancolica, Hort. par.
3. V. paludosa, Lejeune. 4. V. Pannonica, Mill. 5. V. pin-
natifida, Willd. 6. V. spadana, Lejeune. 7. V. Waldstein-
iana, Schott. 8. V. praealta, Hort.
Cult. The hardy, herbaceous, perennial species of Veronica
are generally grown in flower borders, for which they are well
fitted on account of their beauty ; they are of the most easy
culture, and are readily increased by division at the root.
The annual kinds, having ratiier a weed-like appearance, are
only grown in botanical gardens ; the seeds of them only re-
quire to be sown in the open ground. The species natives of
New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand, being
rather tender, require to be treated as greenhouse plants ; the
shrubby kinds of these are propagated by cuttings ; the others
bv divisions of the root.
LXVn. DIPLOPHY'LLUM (from ^.TrXooc;, diploos, double ;
and <pv\Xoi', phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the two-leaved
calyx.) Lehm. in berl. mag. an. 4. p. 2. — Veronica species,
Stev.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogrjnia. Calyx of 2 sepals, com-
pressedly closed ; sepals cordate, serrated, 2-lobed. Corolla
subrotate, 4-cleft ; the 2 opposite lobes the smallest. Stamens
2, shorter than the corolla, without any rudiments of sterile
ones ; anthers didymous. Stigma simple. Capsule roundish,
compressed, obcordate, 2-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded. — An an-
nual plant, with the habit of the species of Veronica belonging
to section Cochlidiosperma. Stems many, subdichotoraously
branched, decumbent, nearly terete, furnished with 2 rows of
spreading hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, bluntly serrated, pale
green, hairy. Pedicels solitary, axillary, declinate while bear-
ing the fruit, about equal in length to the leaves, or exceeding
them a little. Calyx downy, finely ciliated. Corolla pale blue,
much shorter than the calyx. Capsule inclosed, ex Bieb. ;
glabrous, ex Lehm. Seeds large, wrinkled, black. Navicular.
1 D. veronicaforme (Lehm. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of
shady woods about the Cuban. Veronica, Cristagalli. Stev. in
mem. soc. gorenki, icon. ined. Lin. trans. 11. p. 408. t. 31.
Bieb. suppl. p. 19. Link, enum. 1. p. 27.
Speedwell-formed Diplophyllum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1813.
PI. trailing.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in
early spring, in the open ground. A dry light soil suits it best.
LXVin. LEPTA'NDRA (from XtTrroc, leptos, slender ; and
avy]p ay^poQ, aner andros, a male ; in reference to the slender
stamens.) Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 7. Veronica species, Lin.
and others. Veronicastrum species, Heist, helmst. 205. Ma?nch.
Lin. syst. Diandria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted, bibrac-
teate ; segments acuminated. Corolla tubularly campanulate ;
limb 4-lobed, sub-ringent : lower segment the narrowest. Ge-
nitals exserted ; filaments and base of the tube of the corolla
downy. Capsule ovate, acuminated, 2-celled, many-seeded. —
Robust plants, with broad, rather wrinkled, verticillate, ser-
rated leaves, and terminal, solitary spikes of flowers, and some-
times there are sliort spikes from the axils of the upper leaves.
1 L. ViRGiNicus (Nutt. I. c.) leaves 4-5 in a whorl, ovate-
lanceolate, petiolate, acuminated. 1/ . H. Native of Virginia
and Japan. ? Veronica Virginica, Lin. spec. p. 13. Vahl, enum.
1. p. 56. Hoffhi. in comm. gott. 15. p. 112. t. 1. phyt. bl. p.
89. t. 9. f. 1. Thunb. jap. p. 20.? Veronicastrum album,
Moench.— Knip. cent. 10. p. 97.— Plukn. phyt. t. 70. f. 2.
Stem beset with rufous hairs. Lower leaves 5 in a whorl :
upper ones 4, rarely 3, dirty green, downy. Corollas white.
Capsule tetragonal, 4-valved. Seeds wrinkled.
Var. /3, incarnalus ; flowers purple, or flesh-coloured. % .
H. Veronica Virginica, /i, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 10.
Virginian Leptandra. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1714. PI. 4 to
5 feet.
2 L. Sibi'ricus (Nutt. I. c.) leaves 5-6-9 in a whorl, lanceo-
late, sessile, acuminated. X. H. Native of Dauria. Vero-
nica Sibirica, Lin. spec. p. 12. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 55. — Amm.
ruth. p. 20. t. 4. Veronicastrum rubellum, Moench. Stem
hairy. Leaves 2-3 inches long, much broader than those of L.
Virginicus. Corollas blue.
Siberian he^imAva. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1779. PI. 4 feet.
3 L. Meye'ri, glabrous; leaves scattered, nearly linear acute,
sharply serrulated; raceme terminal, dense; corolla tubular.
"H.. H. Native of Dahuria, in humid meadows. Veronica
tubiflora, Fisch et Meyer, rem. hort. petrop. 1836. p. 53. Calyx
unequal. Corolla blue ; segments oblong, bluntish. Capsule
small oblong. Seeds minute, elliptic.
4 E 2
580
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXIX. P^derota. LXX. Calorhabdos. LXXI. Wulfenia.
Meyer's Leptandra. Fl. ? Clt. 1836. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cull. The species grow well in common garden soil, but
prefer peat or vegetable mould. They are readily increased by
division.
LXIX. P^EDEROTA (a name applied by the ancients to
a. s\->ec\es oi Acanthus.) Lin. gen. no. 26. Schreb. gen. no. 33.
Juss. gen. p. 120. ed. Usteri. p. 135. Bonarota, Michel, gen.
15. Veronica, Spec. Lin. spec. ed. 1st.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted : seg-
ments linear. Corolla tubular, sub-ringent ; limb bilabiate :
upper lip entire, or emarginate : lower one trifid. Genitals
exserted ; filaments filiform. Capsule ovate, 4-valved, 2-
celled, opening at top. Seeds roundish.— Dwarf alpine herbs
with opposite leaves, and axillary, or terminal spicate flowers.
1 P. Age'ria (Lin. syst. p.
61. mant. 171.) stem leafy ; FIG. 55.
leaves nearly sessile, unequally
and sharply serrated : superior
leaves long -acuminated ; ca-
lyxes length of corolla ; capsule
ovate-oblong, acuminated. %.
H. Native of Carinthia, Car-
niola, and Italy, among rocks.
Willd. spec. 1. p. 77. P. lutea,
Lin. suppl. p. 84. P. Bona-
rota, Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t.
121. P. urticaefolia, Brign. fasc.
pi. forog. p. 8. Wulfenia Ageria,
Smith, in Lin. trans. 6. p. 96.
Bonarota chamsedrifolia. Scop,
cam. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 22.
Lower leaves the smallest,
roundish : the upper ones lance-
olate, acuminated : tiie middle ones longer than the others, ovate-
lanceolate. Raceme spicate, terminal. Bracteas twice as long
as the pedicels. Corolla sulphur coloured ; throat tomentose ;
superior lip bifid, or emarginate (fig. 5!j).
Ageria Paederota. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. PL 1 to
U foot.
2 P. Zaniche'lli (Brign. fasc. pi. forog. p. 9.) stem leafy ;
leaves nearly sessile, subcordate, serrated : lower ones round-
ish obtuse : superior ones ovate, acuminated ; calyx glabrous,
one half shorter than the corolla ; capsule ovate, obtuse. 1/ .
H. Native of Carnia, on the Alps near the limits of perpetual
snow. Bonarota montana Italica chamaj'drys folio, minus cre-
nato, spica lutea, ex Monte Cavallo, Michel, gen. p. 19. no. 3.
Leaves less deeply and irregularly serrated than P. Ageria,
pilose. Raceme | to 1 inch long, dense. Bracteas hardly
longer than the pedicels. Corolla yellow ; throat glabrous ;
upper lip entire.
Zanichell's Paederota. PI. 1 to 3 inches.
3 P. Bonaro'ta (Lin. spec. p. 20. syst. p. 61.) stem
leafy; leaves petiolate, roundish-ovate, serrated; calyx short-
er than the corolla ; capsule acuminated, i;. H. Native
of Austria and Carniola, on the alps. Jacq. austr. 5. p. 49. t. 39.
Brign. fasc. pi. forog. p. 6. WuKenia Bonarota, Smith, in Lin.
trans. C. p. 96. P. caerillea, Lin. suppl. p. 84. Paederota,
no. 1, Michel, gen. p. 19. t. 15. f. 1. Veronica Bonarota, Lin.
spec. ed. 1st. p. 11. Bonarota chaiiiffidrifolia. Scop. cam. ed. 2.
vol. 1. p. 22. Racemes 1 to H inch long. Calyx hairy. Corolla
violaceous ; throat glabrous ; upper lip undivided.
Bonarota's Peederota. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. ^
foot.
4 P. chaMjEdrifo'lia (Brign. fasc. pl. forog. p. 9.) stem
leafy ; leaves nearly sessile, roundish, obtuse, serrated ; calyx
tomentose, two of the segments shorter than the rest. 1/ . H.
Native of Carnia. P. Bonarota, Vittm. summ. 1. p. 36. Bo-
narota, no. 2. Michel, gen. p. 19. t. 15. f. 2. Leaves downy.
Bracteas length of pedicels. Corolla violaceous ; upper lip
undivided, and sometimes emarginate.
Germander-leaved Paederota. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
Cult. The species of Pcederbta are pretty little alpine or
rock plants. They should be grown in pots, and placed among
other alpine plants. They are increased by division and seeds.
LXX. CALORHA'BDOS (from koXoq, kalos, beautiful ; and
paf3So£, rhabdos, a twig, in reference to the beauty of the plant.)
Benth. scropli. ind. p. 44.
Lin. syst. B'l&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
tubular, incurved ; limb erect, obliquely 2-3-cleft : lower seg-
ment the smallest. Stamens 2, inserted at the sides of the
upper coroUine segment, without any vestiges of lower ones ;
anthers 2-celled ; cells parallel, confluent at top. Stigma
hardly thickened. Valves of capsule bipartite. Seeds nume-
rous, girded by a curled membrane.
1 C. Brunonia'na (Benth. 1. c.) — Native of Nipaul. Ve-
ronica ? Brunoniana, Wall. cat. no. 405. An erect, glabrous,
nearly simple herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
deeply and acutely serrated, narrowed into the short petioles at
the base. Spikes half a foot long. Flowers sessile, glomerate.
Brown's Calorhabdos. P. 1| to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Leptandra.
LXXI. WULFE'NIA (so named in honour of the Rev. Fran-
cis Xavier Wulfen, author of " Plantae Rariores Carinthiacae"
in Jacquin's Miscellanea.) Jacq. misc. 2. p. 62. t. 8. Schreb.
gen. no 34. Smith, in Lin. trans. 6. p. 96. Benth. in scroph.
ind. p. 46, but not of Wall.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Co-
rolla tubular, declinate ; limb 4-5-cleft ; segments straight, or
hardly spreading : upper one emarginate, or bifid : lateral ones
entire : lower one entire, or broadly crenated. Stamens two,
placed at the sides of the upper corolline segment, destitute of
any vestiges of lower ones. Anthers 2-celled ; cells at length
confluent at apex. Style simple ; stigma truncate, or thickened
and 2-lobed. Valves of capsule septiferous in the middle, bifid
at apex. — Almost stemless herbs. Radical leaves petiolate.
Scapes naked, many-flowered, erect. Flowers unilateral, pen-
dulous, on short pedicels, solitary in the axils of the bracteas.
1 W. Amherstia'na (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 46.) leaves ob-
long, narrowed at the base, doubly and deeply crenated ; tube
of corolla straight; segments of the limb all acute. %. H.
Native of Kamaon, Wall. ; Kanaour, Royle. Paederota Am-
herstiana. Wall. cat. no. 410. Habit of fV. Carinthlaca. Flow-
ers blue.
Lady Amherst's Wulfenia. PI. 1| foot.
2 W. Carinthi'aca (Jacq. misc. 2. p. 62. t. 8. f. 1 . icon. rar.
1. t. 2.) leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, doubly crenated ;
tube of corolla gibbous above the base ; segments of the limb
roundish: lower one crenated. %. H. Native of Carinthia,
on the alps. Lin. syst. p. 865. Reiner, et Hohenw. itin. bot.
I. p. 73. t. 1. Sweet, fl. gard. vol. 3. icone. Paederota Wulfenia,
Lam. ill. t. 13. f. 2. Flowers blue.
Carinthian Wulfenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. IJ
foot.
3 W. reniformis (Dougl. mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 46.)
leaves reniform, doubly crenated : tube of corolla straight ;
segments of the limb roundish : lower one crenated. % . H.
Native of North-west America, on mountains near the river
Columbia. Flowers blue. ?
Reniform-leaved Wulfenia. PI. 1 foot.
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXXII. Gymnandra. LXXIII. Picrorhiza. LXXIV. Geochorda.
581
Cult. The species of Wulfenia are very showy while in
blossom, and are well fitted for decorating flower borders. They
grow well in any light rich soil, and are readily increased by
division and by seeds. A duplicate plant, or two of each kind
should be grown in pots, so that they may bi* placed under
shelter with more ease in winter, as they are liable to rot at
that season, if they are allowed to remain in the open air.
LXXII. GYMNA'NDRA (from yvfivoQ, gymnos, naked ; and
ai'T/p av^puc,, aner andros, a male.) Pall. itin. 3. p. 710. append,
no. 60. t. A. f. 1. Willd. in mag. gess. naturf. freund. berol.
390. t. 9-10. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 46. — Lagotis, Gaertn. nov.
comm. petrop. 14. p. 533. t. 18. f. 2. Veronica species, Gmel.
Bartsia species, Lin. fil.
Lin. syst. Diandrla, Monogynia. Calyx spathaceous, cleft
on one side, or bipartite ; segments entire, or toothed. Corolla
tubular; limb sub bilabiate ; upper lip entire, emarginate, or
bifid: lower one 2-4-cleft; segments all flat. Stamens 2, placed
at the sides of the upper lip, without any vestiges of lower
ones ; anthers 2-celled ; cells sub-confluent at apex. Stigma
truncate, or thickened and capitate. Capsule 2-celled; cells 1-
seeded. Seeds oblong, a little curved, ex Cham, et Schlecht,
under G. Gmellni. — Erect, glabrous herbs, becoming black on
drying. Stems many, simple, rising from the neck. Radical
leaves petiolate : cauline ones smaller : the uppermost ones
usually scale-formed. Flowers sessile in the axils of the brac-
teas, disposed in terminal crowded spikes.
1 G. Kunawure'nsis (Royle, mss. ex Benth, scroph. ind. p.
47.) radical leaves ovate, rather deeply toothed, rounded, or
narrowed at the base ; stamens very short at the base of the
upper lip of corolla ; style equal in length to the stamens ;
stigma 2-Iobed. 1(. H. Native of Kanaour (Kunawur), Royle.
The lower lip of the corolla is probably always 4-cleft. Said to
be allied to G. Gmellni, Cham, et Schlecht, but the spike is
more slender. Corollas blue.
Kanaour Gymnandra. PI. | foot.
2 G. Cashmeria'n.a (Royle, ill. bot. himal. t. 73. f. 3.) radical
leaves oblong, coarsely crenated, and quite entire, narrowed a
long way at the base ; spike short, ovate ; corolla incurved at
apex ; stamens rather exceeding the superior lip ; style shorter
than the stamens. 1/. H. Native of Cashmere, Royle. Corol-
las blue. Lower lip of corolla usually bifid.
Cashmere Gymnandra. PI. | foot.
3 G. Gmelini (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 2. p. 561.)
radical leaves roundish, or elongately-ovate, rather attenuated at
the base, bluntish, coarsely and unequally crenated ; stamens
not above half the length of the superior lip ; style shorter
than the stamens. If.. H. Native of Kamtschatka, Bhering's
Island, Unalasclika, and most of the Aleutian Islands. G.
ovata, Willd. 1. c. 5. p. 395. t. 10. f. 8. Willd. herb. no. 262.
G. reniformis, Willd. 1. c. p. 396. t. 10. f. 9. Lagotis glauca,
Gaertn. in nov. comm. petrop. 14. p. 534. t. 18. f. 2. Gym-
nandra borealis, var. ex Kamtschatka et Insula Beeringii, Pall,
itin. 3 p. 712. Veronica, foliis infeiioribus ovatis crenatis,
superioribus rotundis mucronatis, caule spicii terminato, Gmel.
fl. sib. 3. p. 219. The whole plant glabrous and succu-
lent. Spikes short, dense. Corolla blue ; lower lip bifid, or
trifid.
Gmelin's Gymnandra. PI. J to 2 feet.
4 G. Stelle'ri (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. HGS.) radical
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, but most so at the
base, acute, unequally and bluntly serrated ; stamens almost the
length of the upper lip; style longer than the stamens, l/ . H.
Native of Siberia, between the river Lena and the ocean, Steller;
Bay of St. Lawrence, Cham. ; and probably in the Island of St.
Lawrence. G. minor, Willd. 1. c. p. 393. t. 9. f. 3. herb. no.
258. G. dentata, Willd. 1. c. p. 394. t. 9. f. 4. herb. no. 260.
G. gracilis, Willd. 1. c. p. 394. t. 9. f. 5. G. elongata, Willd.
1. c. Gymnandra borealis var. inter Lenam et Oceanum lecta,
Pall. itin. 3. p. 712. Plant slender, quite glabrous. Spikes
slender. Corolla blue ; lower lip 2-3-parted.
Steller's Gymnandra. PI. | to I foot.
5 G. Palla'sii (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 564.) radical
leaves roundish, or elongately ovate, acutish, attenuated at the
base, quite entire, or obsoletely crenated ; stamens not above
half the length of the superior lip ; style longer than the sta-
mens. %. H. Native of Davuria, on the tops of the alps; and
of arctic Siberia. C. integrifolia, Willd. 1. c. p. 392. t. 9. f. 1 .
herb. no. 255. G. Altaica, Willd. 1. c. p. 395. t. 10. f. 7. herb,
no. 257. Gymnandra borealis ex arcto et alpibus Davurise,
Pall. itin. 3. p. 712. t. A. f. 1. Bartsia Gymnandra, Lin. fil.
Flowers blue. Lower lip of corolla constantly 2-lobed. All
the segments of the corolla are narrow.
Pallas's Gymnandra. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Wulfenia, p. 580.
Pretty alpine plants.
§ 2. Stamens 4, didynamous.
LXXIII. PICRORHPZA (from wtKpoc, picros, bitter; and
pi^a, r/iiza, a root ; in reference to the bitterness of the root.)
Royle, ill. bot. himal. t. 71. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 47.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, A/igiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
about equally 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate, shorter than the
calyx, about equally 4-cleft ; segments quite entire. Stamens
4, inserted at the throat of the corolla, nearly equal, diverging,
much exserted ; anthers 2-celled : cells confluent at top. Stig-
ma hardly thickened. Valves of capsule septiferous in the mid-
dle, bipartite ; dissepiment duplicate. Seeds nearly inclosed in
an aril-formed vesicuiose membrane.
1 P. Kurro'a (Royle, ill. bot. himal. t. 71.) — Native of
Gosainsthan and Kamaon, Wall. ; Kidarconta, Royle. Veronica
Lindleyana, Wall. cat. no. 404. Herb almost stemless. Radical
leaves oblong, narrowed into the petioles at the base, serrately
crenated at top, or beset with a few short scattered hairs.
Scapes naked, erect. Flowers sessile, densely spicate.
Kurroa Picrorhiza. PL \ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Wulfenia, p. 580.
LXXIV. GEOCHO'RDA (from yn, ge, the earth; and
XopSri, chorde, a cord ; in reference to the whip-like, creeping
stems.) Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 3. p. 11. Herpestis
species, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted,
equal. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb nearly equal, 4-parted.
Stamens 4, nearly equal, a little exserted ; anthers oblong, 2-
celled ; cells opposite, fixed by the middle. Capsule oblong,
inclosed in the calyx, which is permanent, 2-celled, with a locu-
licidal dehiscence ; dissepiment from the involute margin of
the valves ; placenta central, stipitate. — Root rather woody.
Stems articulated, terete, prostrate, rooting at the joints. Leaves
opposite or 3-4 in a whorl, furnished with young branches in
the axils, hence the leaves appear fascicled ; from obovate to
roundish, cuneated, and tapering into the petioles, lobed ; lobes
crenated, or irregularly and sometimes doubly crenated, quite
entire in the cuneated part. Young stems, nodi, petioles, pe-
duncles, and calyxes covered with long, curled, articulated hairs.
Pedicels axillary, twin from the 4-leaved nodi, and shorter than
the leaves ; the rest very variable in length, usually very short,
filiform, terete, 1 -flowered. Calyx bractless.
1 G. cuneata (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) "2;. ? fj . F. Na-
tive of the South of Brazil, in the provinces of Rio Grande do
582
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXV. Strioa.
Sill and Montevideo, Sello. Herpestis glechomoldes, Sprang.
syst. 4. p. 234.
Cmieated-\ea\eA Geochorda. PI. creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see IVulfenia, p. 581.
Tribe VI.
BUCHNE'REJi (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Buchnera in the characters given below.) D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. vol. 19. July 1835. Benth. in Hook, comp. 1.
p. 356. Calyx tubular, striated, 5-cleft, or 5-toothed. Co-
rolla salver-shaped ; limb 5-cleft, or unequally 4-cleft, some-
times bilabiate ; segments all flat. Stamens 4, didynamous,
ascending, rarely only 2, approximate ; anthers usually 1-lobed
from the cells being continuous, with a thick, elevated connec-
tive. Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-valved ; valves entire, or
bifid, rarely fleshy and indehiscent ; dissepiment simple. Pla-
centa narrow, columnar, adnate, longitudinally, or at length
free. Seeds minute, smooth, or scrobiculate ; testa membran-
ous. Albumen fleshy. Embryo much shorter than the seeds.
— Herbs or sub-shrubs mostly native of the Cape. Leaves
opposite, or alternate. Flowers terminal, spicately racemose,
white or red.
LXXV. STRFGA (so named from the strigose habit of
some species.) Lour. coch. p. 22. Benth. in Hook, comp. I.
p. 361. Buchnera species, Lin. and other authors. — Campa-
nuleia. Pet. nov. gen. mad. p. 23.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Atigiospeimia. Calyx short, tubular,
with 5-15 elevated ribs, and membranous between the ribs, 5-
toothed, or semiquinquefid at apex, rarely 4-toothed by abor-
tion ; teeth generally subulately acuminated. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a slender tube, which is abruptly incurved in the
middle, or above the middle ; limb bilabiate, the upper lip usu-
ally shorter, entire, emarginate or bifid : lower lip trifid. Stamens
didynamous, inclosed. Capsule straight ; valves somewhat co-
riaceous, entire, dehiscing elastically at maturity, septiferous in
the middle. — Scabrous, Asiatic, and African herbs, becoming
blackish on drying, sometimes parasitical in the manner of
Orohanche. Lower leaves opposite : superior ones alternate,
sometimes scale-formed, usually linear, quite entire, rarely few-
toothed : floral ones conform to the others, but becoming gradu-
ally smaller as they ascend. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile,
disposed in terminal spikes, generally minutely bibracteate.
Corolla white, purplish, or red.
* Leaves scale-formed.
1 S. ouoBANCHioiDES (Benth, 1. c. p. 361. t. 19.) glabrous,
branched ; leaves minute, scale-formed : floral ones lanceolate,
shorter than the calyx. Tf. S. Native of Senegambia, End-
licher ; Abyssinia, Brown ; south-east Africa, in the district of
Uitenhage, Ecklon ; to Delagoa Bay, Forbes ; East Indian Pe-
ninsula, Wight, and plains as far as Saharumpur, Royle. Buch-
nera orobanchioides, R. Br. Endl. in hot. zeit. 1832. 2. p. 388.
t. 2. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 40. Buchnera Hydrabadensis,
Roth, nov. pi. 292. Buchnera gesnerioides, Willd. spec. 3. p.
338. Orobanche I'ndica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 816, but not of
Roxb. Plant parasitic. Root tuberous. Scales and bracteas lance-
olate. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Corollas white, or pale yellow. Stem
none, unless the unbranched portion of the scape may be con-
sidered as such ; it is covered by scales. The whole plant is
covered with short stiff hairs. Flowers sessile, surrounded by
3 bracteas.
Orohanche-like Striga. PI. \ foot.
* * Leaves elongated. Calyx with 5 elevated stripes. Corolla
incurved towards the apex.
2 S. HUMIFUSA (Benth. 1. c. p. 362.) prostrate, scabrous;
leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse; spikes short, few-flowered ; calyx
5-striped ; ? tube of corolla glabrous. If. . G. Native of Ara-
bia, on the mountains of Hadge, Forsk. Browallia humifusa,
Forsk. pi. ffigypt. arab. p. 12. Buchnera humifusa, Vahl, symb.
3. p. 81. The form of the leaves and procumbent stem, Ben-
tham says, will distinguish this from all other species, notwith-
standing he has not been able to ascertain whether the calyx be
5-ribbed or not, from the specimens he has examined being so
imperfect.
Trailing Striga. PI. trailing.
3 S. parviflo'ra (Benth. 1. c.) small, very scabrous ; leaves
linear, quite entire, strict ; calyx 5-striped ; corolla downy, with
an entire upper lip, which is hardly half the length of the lower
lip. 2/ . G. Native of New Holland, on the east coast, in
Keppel Bay. Buchnera parviflora, R. Br. prod. p. 294. Plant
but little branched. Flowers smaller than those of other
species.
Small-flowered Striga. PI. small.
4 S. a'spera (Benth. 1. c.) leaves linear, quite entire, strict,
and are, as well as the branches, covered with callous tubercles,
and ciliated with rigid spreading hairs ; calyx 5-striped ; corolla
glabrous, with an elongated, slender tube, and an emarginate
upper lip, which is about half the length of the lower lip. 1^.
S. Native of Guinea. Euphrasia aspera, Willd. spec. 3. p.
197. Buchnera aspera, Schum. pi. guin. p. 280. This differs
from S. jmsilla in the flowers being twice the size, and in the
more regular and greater hispidity of the plant.
Rough Striga. PI. \ foot.
5 S. curviflo'ra (Benth. 1. c.) very scabrous ; leaves long-
linear, quite entire, spreading a little ; calyx 5-striped ; tube of
corolla pubescent ; upper lip retuse, thrice as short as the lower
lip, which is tripartite. % . S. Native of New Holland, on the
north coast, within the tropic, and of Java, ex Blum, bijdr. 740.
Buchnera curviflora, R. Br. prod. p. 294. Allied in habit to
»S'. euphrasioides and S. coccinea, and differs from the first by the
calyx, and from (he last by both calyx and corolla.
Curved-flowered Striga. PI. J to 1 foot.
6 S. multiflo'ra (Benth. 1. c. p. 363.) scabrous, much
branched ; leaves long-linear, spreading ; spikes long, loose ;
calyx 5-ribbed ; corolla glabrous ; upper lip bifid, a little
shorter than the lower one, which is tripartite. 1/ . S. Native
of New Holland, of the Islands west of Goulbourn's Island, on
the north coast, Cunningham. Distinct in the long decumbent
habit, and in the form of the flowers, which are the size of those
of S. coccinea.
Many-florvered Striga. PI. decumbent.
7 S. densiflo'ra (Benth. 1. c.) humble, rather glabrous, very
scabrous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, somewhat squarrose ; flowers
dense, approximate ; calyx ovate, 5-striped ; corollas glabrous ;
upper lip emarginate, 2 or 3 times shorter than the lower lip.
% . S. Native of the Indian Peninsula, Heyne ; and the plains
of India as far as Saharampur, Royle. Buchnera Asiatica,
Vahl, symb. 3. p. 81. ? Lin. spec. 879. part. Buchnera densi-
flora, Benth. scroph. ind. p. 41. Plant sm.ill, rigid, but little
branched, in some respects resembling S. Thunhergii. Flowers
smaller ; the lobes of the limb shorter and broader. It also
differs from that species in the remarkably spreading, often
recurved leaves.
Dense-flowered Striga. PI. 5 to 5 foot.
8 S. Thunbe'rgii (Benth. 1. c.) hispid, scabrous, strict, nearly
simple ; leaves lanceolate-linear, erect : floral ones lanceolate,
adpressed, the middle nerve beneath, and margins ciliately his-
pid ; spike dense ; calyx 5-striped ; tube of corolla downy,
recurved and inflated at top ; lips of limb nearly equal : lobes
oblong. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the
district of (Jitenhage, and in Caffreland, and Tambukiland, Eck-
1
SCROPHULARINEyE. LXXV. Striga. LXXVI. Buchnera.
583
Ion, anJ Dien;e, &c. Guinea, in the valley of Friderikoberg,
Thonning. Buchnera Asiatica, Lin. spec. p. 879. partly.
Buchnera bilabiata, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 465. Buchnera lineari-
folia, Schum. pi. guin. 279. ? Easily distinguished from the
other species by the imbricate floral leaves, and the remarkably
dilated apex of the tube of the corolla. Flowers from 6 to 8
lines long. Plant taller and more erect than S. densiflhra.
Corollas red.
Var. l3, grandiflbra (Benth. 1. c.) flowers larger. % . G.
Native of Caffreland, Drege and Ecklon.
Thunberg's Striga. PI. | to 1 foot.
* * * Leaves elongated. Calyx lO-l S-sirijied. Corolla incurved
toivards the top.
9 S. e'legans (Benth. 1. c.) hairy, very scabrous, strict,
nearly simple ; leaves lanceolate-linear, erect, rather adpressed,
hispid : floral ones similar, about equal in length to the calyxes ;
calyx lO-striped ; tube of corolla downy ; lobes of limb ob-
long ; upper lip bifid, a little shorter than the lower one. % . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope ; in CaffVeland, Drege.
Stature and habit almost of S. Thunhergii, ft, but less rigid ; the
flowers rather larger, and like S. lutea. The whole plant is
very hairy, and scarcely turns black on drying.
Elegant Striga. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
10 S. lu'tea (Lour. coch. p. 22.? Benth. 1. c.) hairy, very
scabrous ; leaves long-linear, spreading : lower ones lanceolate;
spikes elongated ; calyx 10-15-striped ; corolla glabrous : lobes
of the limb obovate : upper lip emarginate, about half the
length of the lower lip. 11 . G. Native of the Indian Penin-
sula, Wight ; Bengal, Wall. ; Saharampur, Royle ; Macao, ex
herb. Banks ; Canton, Lour. Buchnera hirsiita. Wall. Benth.
scroph. ind. p. 41. Buchnera Asiatica, Lin. spec. 879. partly.
Habit loose and branchy, or when young more stiff" and simple,
seldom turning black on drying. Corolla yellow.
Ie^/on)-flowered Striga. PI. h to 1 foot.
lis. PHCENiCEA (Benth. 1. c.) humble, villous, very scabrous ;
leaves lanceolate, obtuse, spreading ; spikes dense ; calyx 10-
striped ; corolla glabrous : lobes of the limb obovate : upper
lip emarginate, about half the length of the lower lip. If. S.
Native of the Indian Peninsula. Buchnera phoenicea. Wall, ex
Benth. scroph. ind. p. 41. Very nearly allied to ;5'. lutea, but
the flowers are said to be red.
Red-Qowered Striga. PI. g to 1 foot.
12 S. cocci'nea (Benth. 1. c. p. 364.) smoothish, scabrous;
leaves long-linear ; calyx oblong, 10-striped ; spikes loose ; co-
rolla glabrous : lobes of the limb obovate: upper lip emargin-
ate, about half the length of the lower lip. %. S. Native of
Tropical Africa, and Southern Asia ; Sierra Leone ; Caffreland;
near Port Natal and Omconias, Drege; Mosambique, Forbes;
Mauritius, Telfair ; Indian Peninsula, Heyne ; ftlacao, herb
Banks. Campuleia coccinea, Hook, exot. fl. 3. t. 203. Buch-
nera coccinea, Benth. scoph. ind. p. 40. Corollas scarlet.
Habit of S. lutea, but much more glabrous, and usually dries
black. This is supposed by Hooker to be the one described by
Petit Thours as parasitical ; but Bentham says it has less that
appearance than S. lutea or .S. Tfiunbeigii, which latter has also
red flowers.
Scnrlet-tiov/ered Striga. PL | to 1 foot.
13 S. glabra'ta (Benth. 1. c.) nearly glabrous, scabrous;
leaves long-linear ; calyx oblong, 10-15-striped ; spike slender ;
corolla glabrous : lobes of limb oblong : upper lip emarginate,
about half the length of the lower one. l/. . S. Native of the
East Indies, Nipaul, and mountains of Ava, Wall. ; also in the
Peninsula, Wall. Buchnera Asiatica, Benth. scroph. ind. 40.
Lin. spec. 879, partly. This species evidently comes near the
following, but is distinguished by tiie glabrous corolla. The
flowers are said to be bluish.
Glabrous Striga. PI. 4^ to 1 foot.
14 S. euphrasioi'des (Benth. 1. c.) smoothish, scabrous;
leaves long-linear, quite entire, and few-toothed ; calyx oblong,
somewhat 15-striped ; tube of corolla downy. Tf.. G. Native
of the East Indies, from the Peninsula to the mountains of the
north; and of Java, ex Blum, bijdr. p. 740. Buchnera euphra-
sioides, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 81. Buchnera angustifolia, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 91. Buchnfera Asiatica, Lin. spec. 879, partly.
Distinguished from all other species of the present section by
the pubescent corolla, and long striated calyx.
Euphrasia-like Striga. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
15 S. Masu'ria (Benth. 1. c.) tall, very scabrous ; leaves
quite entire, linear, adpressed, strict; calyx somewhat 15-
striped, elongated ; tube of corolla elongated, finely downy ;
limb ample. %. S. Native of the East Indies, on the moun-
tains of Morang, Hamilt. Prome, Wall. Buchnera Masuria,
Hamilt. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 41. Flowers twice the size
of those of S. euphrasioides.
Masuria Striga. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
16 S. Forbe'sii (Benth. 1. c.) tall, very scabrous, downy ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, toothed ; calyx deeply cleft, 10-striped,
with linear, foliaceous segments ; tube of corolla elongated,
clothed with fine down, incurved towards the apex. ]/ . S.
Native of Madagascar and Mosambique, Forbes. Nearly allied
to the preceding, but less rigid, and leaves broader ; calyx 7-8
lines long ; but the corolla is about the same size ; and in the
var. ft. nearly as large as in Rbamphicdrpa tubijlora.
Far. ft, grandiflora (Benth. 1. c.) flowers larger.
Forbes's Striga. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * * * Corolla abruptly incurved at the middle.
17 S. hermonthica (Benth. 1. c. p. 365.) rather pilose, sca-
brous : leaves linear : floral ones lanceolate, ciliated ; calyx 5-
striped ; tube of corolla smoothish, incurved at the middle ;
limb ample. %. G. Native of Western Africa ; Upper Egypt,
near Silsileh, Jordan ; Mosambique, Forbes. Buchnera her-
monthica, Delile, fl. sngypt. t. 25. f. 1. A handsome species, a
foot high, with a long spike of large red flowers.
Hermonthic Striga. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Buchnera, p. 585.
LXXVI. BUCHNFRA (in honour of Jean Godefroy
Buchner, who in 1743 gave observations of many plants of
Voigtiand, in Saxony.) Lin. gen. no. 773. Schreb. gen. no.
1035. Juss. gen. p. 100. ed. Usteri, p. 112. Goertn. fruct.
t. 55. Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 364. Peripea, Aubl.
guian. 2. p. 628. t. 253.
Lin. sysT. Didyncimia, Angiospermia. Calyx short, tubu-
lar, obscurely 10-nerved, with 5 short teeth at apex. Corolla
salver-shaped ; with a slender exserted tube, which is straight
or a little incurved ; limb spreading, nearly equal, 5-cleft ; seg-
ments oblong or obovate. Stamens didynamous, inclosed. Cap-
sule straight, with rather coriaceous, entire valves, which dehisce
elastically at maturity, septiferous in the middle. — African,
Asiatic, or American herbs, usually scabrous, becoming black
on drying. Lower leaves opposite : upper ones alternate :
lower ones the broadest : upper ones narrower, remote, and, for
the most part, quite entire : floral ones bractea-formed, usually
shorter than the calyx. Flowers solitary, sessile, bibracteate,
disposed in a terminal spike.
* Spikes loose or dense, but not imbricated. With the exception
o{i\\e B.jiincea, distinguished by its peculiar habit ; B. hispida
by its long hairs ; and D. macrdntha by its flowers ; the otlier
584
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXVI. Buchnera.
species contained in this section are all so much alike, and run
into each other by such minute or vague characters, that Mr.
Bentham would have been disposed to consider them as only
varieties of each other, had he been better acquainted with the
American species, or had he been possessed of more numerous
specimens.
1 B. ju'ncea (Cham, et Schleclit, in Linnsea, 2. p. 590.)
stem simple, rushy, clothed with 4 rows of adpressed leaves ;
panicle short, contracted, terminal. V.. S. Native of tropical
Brazil. Leaves inflexed at apex, with scabrous margins.
Rushy Buchnera. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 B. pALu'sTRis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 805.) scabrous, nearly
glabrous ; stem slender, a little branched ; leaves narrow-linear,
quite entire, or the lower ones are small and obovate ; spike
loose, few-flowered, with lanceolate-linear bracteas ; tube of
corolla about twice as long as the calyx ; fructiferous calyx
erect, 'y. S. Native of Guiana. Peripea palustris, Aubl.
guian. 2. p. 628. t. 258. Flowers purplish.
Marsh Buchnera PL 1 foot.
3 B. elonga'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1061.) scabrous
from strigae ; stem nearly simple, leafy at base ; leaves oblong,
quite entire : superior ones linear ; spike loose, few-flowered ;
tube of corolla about twice the length of the calyx ; fructiferous
calyx erect. %. S. Native of America, from Carolina on the
north, to Rio Grande do Sul on the south ; and the West India
Islands.— Plum. icon. 19. t. 17. Erinus Araericanus, Mill,
diet.? Corolla violaceous, or purplish blue.
Elongated Buchnera. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 B. tene'lla (R. Br. prod. 437.) scabrous, rather glabrous;
stem slender, a little branched ; leaves narrow-linear, quite en-
tire; spikes rather loose; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, ciliated;
corolla small, with a slender tube, which is about twice as long
as the calyx ; fructiferous calyx hardly incurved. % . S. Native
of New Holland, on the north coast. Calyx glabrous or downy.
Slender Buchnera. PI.
5 B. linea'ris (R. Br. prod. 437.) scabrous ; leaves oblong :
superior ones linear, obtuse, quite entire ; spike loose ; lower
bracteas linear : superior ones ovate-lanceolate ; calyx downy,
hardly incurved ; tube of corolla a little exserted. 1/ . S. Na-
tive of New Holland, within the tropic, Carpentaria.
Lmcar-leaved Buchnera. PI.
6 B. pube'scens (Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 365.) sca-
brous ; lower leaves oblong : superior ones linear, all quite en-
tire, obtuse ; spikes many-flowered ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate,
subciliated ; calyxes downy, a little incurved : fructiferous ones
with an oblique mouth ; tube of corolla a little exserted. %.
G. Native of New Holland, in marshy lands on the Endeavour
River, north coast, Cunningham.
Downy Buchnera. PI.
7 B. ramosi'ssima (R. Br. prod. 438.) scabrous, much branch-
ed ; rameal leaves quite entire, linear-lanceolate ; spikes elon-
gated, many-flowered ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, subciliated ;
tube of corolla more than one half longer than the calyx, which
is incurved in the floriferous state, pilosely liispid at top,
straightish in the fructiferous state. %. S. Native of New
Holland, on the east and north coast, within the tropic.
Miieh-hranched Buchnera. PI.
8 B. du'ra (Benth. 1. c. p. 366.) glabrous, or a little hispid
at the base ; stem a little branched ; lower leaves obovate :
superior ones oblong, quite entire : upper ones linear ; spike
dense at apex, many-flowered ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, subci-
liated ; tube of corolla exserted ; capsule equal in height to the
calyx, which is straight in the fructiferous state. 1/ . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, as in Uitenhage and CaflTreland,
Ecklon and Dr^ge.
Hard Buchnera. PI.
9 B. glabra'ta (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous, or hardly hispid at
the base ; stems erect, nearly simple ; lower leaves broad :
superior ones linear or oblong ; spikes dense, short ; bracteas
ovate-lanceolate ; tube of corolla exserted ; capsule one half
longer than the straight calyx. %. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, near Rondebosch, Ecklon ; Katberg, Drege.
Glabrous Buchnera. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
10 B. GRA^ciLis (R. Br. prod. 437.) stem simple, glabrous ;
lower leaves obovate : superior ones oblong, all obtuse and
entire ; spike loose ; bracteas ciliated, one half shorter than the
calyx ; top of capsule exserted. %.. G. Native of New South
Wales, near Port Jackson.
Slender Buchnera. PI.
1 1 B. aspera'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 438.) very scabrous ; lower
leaves lanceolate-oblong, few-toothed : superior ones linear-lan-
ceolate, quite entire ; bracteas lanceolate-ovate, one half shorter
than the calyx ; fructiferous calyx oblique at top ; capsule in-
closed. 1/ . S. Native of New Holland, on the north coast,
within the tropic.
Var. /3, angustifblia (Benth. I. c.) leaves narrower. 1/ . ? S.
Native of Goulburn Island, Cunningham.
Var. y, tomentbia ; plant rather tomentose ; lower leaves ob-
long, obtuse, coarsely toothed : superior ones linear, obtuse,
quite entire ; stem much branched. — Native of Java, in grassy
inundated places. Buchnera toinentosa, Blum, bijdr. p. 740.
Rough Buchnera. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 B. URTICEFOLIA (R. Br. prod. 437.) scabrous, smoothish
or pubescent ; lower leaves approximate, oblong, obtuse, tooth-
ed, as well as the middle ones, which are lanceolate and distant;
spike loose ; bracteas lanceolate, ciliated, one half shorter than
the calyx ; tube of corolla about twice as long as the calyx ; top
of capsule exserted. % . S. Native of New Holland, on the
east coast, about Port Curtis, within the tropic.
Nettle-leaved Buchnera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
13 B. Hi'spiDA (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 91.)
hispid from long hairs, nearly simple, leafy at the base ; leaves
oblong, toothed a little : superior ones linear ; spike lax, many-
flowered ; tube of corolla hardly exserted. ©. S. Native of
Gambia, ex herb. Hook. ; mountains of the East Indies, Wall.,
Royle, &c.
Hispid Buchnera. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
14 B. America'na (Lin. spec. 879.) pilosely hispid, very
scabrous, or at length glabrous ; stem nearly simple, leafy at the
base ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, a little toothed : superior
ones linear ; spike rather loose ; tube of corolla about twice the
length of the calyx; fructiferous calyx straight. ©. G. Na-
tive of North America ; Southern States, to St. Louis, Drum-
mond ; Mexico and Panama. Plant very variable.
American Buchnera. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 1
foot.
15 B. macra'ntha (Benth. 1. c. p. 366.) pubescently sca-
brous ; leaves lanceolate, subdentate, remote ; spike rather
loose ; tube of corolla hairy, 5 times longer than the calyx.
©. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Habit of B. Americana.
Calyx covered with clammy hairs. Corolla about an inch long ;
lobes of the limb large and broad.
Long-Jlowered, Buchnera. PI. 1 to 1 1 foot.
16 B. pusi'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 340.)
hispidly scabrous ; stem nearly simple, and nearly terete ; leaves
nearly opposite : lower ones obovate-oblong : superior ones
linear, quite entire, 1 -nerved ; spike solitary, calyx shorter
than the tube of the corolla, but exceeding the capsule. 0.
H. Native of New Granada. Flowers snbdistich.
Least Buchnera. PI, 1 to 4 inches.
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXXVI. Buchnera. LXXVII. RuAMPiiicARrA.
585
17 B. ARGU^TA (Juss. in nov. ann. du. mus. 3. p. 374.) his-
pidly scabious ; stem branched, terete ; radical leaves lanceo-
late-obloiiiT, obtuse, subrepaiid : rameal ones linear, entire, ses-
sile, obtuse, alternate and nearly opposite ; spikes solitary, ter-
minal ; bracteas ovate, acute, one lialf shorter tiian the cylindri-
cal arched calyx. 0. H. Native of the island of Timor.
Corolla glabrous, bluish-purple. Said to be nearly allied to B.
tomentosa, Blumc.
Sharp Buchnera. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
18 B. Di'sTicHA (H. B. et Kunth, I. c.) hispidly scabrous;
stem branched, subtetragonal ; leaves nearly opposite, linear,
quite entire, 1 -nerved ; spike solitary, distich; calyx equalling
the tube of the corolla. ©. S. Native near Santa Fe de Bo-
gota. Corollas blue.
Z)is<Jc/!-flowered Buchnera. PI. | to | foot.
19 B. LONGiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 340.) smoothish ;
stem branched, terete, rather scabrous ; lower leaves opposite,
narrow-linear, elongated, quite entire, 3-nerved, rough from cal-
losities ; spike solitary ; calyx shorter than the tube of the co-
rolla. O. S. Native along with the preceding. Corolla blue.
Leaves 4-5 inches long.
Long-leaved Buchnera. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
20 B. LiTHosPERMiFOLiA (H. B. et Kuuth, 1. c. p. 341.) his-
pidly scabrous ; stem simple, nearly terete, somewhat trigonal
at top ; lower leaves nearly opposite, linear, almost quite entire,
3-nerved ; spike solitary ; calyx 3 times shorter than the co-
rolla, and about equal in length to the capsule. ©. S. Native
on the dry banks of the river Magdalena, near Melgar and
Picala ; also on the plains of Santa Fe de Bogota. Corolla blue
or violaceous.
Lithospermum-lenved Buchnera. PI. 1| foot.
21 B. TERNiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 341.) hispidly
scabrous ; stem simple, trigonal ; lower leaves 3 in a whorl,
lanceolate, linear, remotely serrated towards the apex, 3-nerved ;
spike solitary ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx a little. ©.
S. Native along with the preceding. Corolla violaceous.
Tern-leaved Buchnera. PI. Ij foot.
22 B. virga'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 342.) hispidly sca-
brous ; stem branched at the base ; branches twiggy, somewhat
tetragonal ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, quite entire, 3-
nerved ; spikes panicled ; calyx one half shorter than the tube
of the corolla, but about twice as long as the capsule. %.1
O. ? S. Native of New Andalusia, on the mountains of Co-
collar and Tumeriquiri, at the altitude of 540 hexapods. Corolla
blue.
Tmiggy Buchnera. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
23 B. ROSEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) hispidly scabrous ; stems
somewhat tufted, simple, nearly terete ; lower leaves opposite,
lanceolate, bluntish, a little toothed at top, 3-nerved ; spikes
numerous, crowded. 1/. S. Native of temperate places near
Caraccas, at the altitude of 430 hexapods. Corolla rose-co-
loured.
/?o«e-coloured-flovvcred Buchnera. PI. H to 2 feet.
24 B. MACROCARPA (H.B. et Kunth, 1. c.) hispidly scabrous;
stem simple, nearly terete ; lower leaves opposite, lanceolate,
acute, narrowed at the base, remotely toothed towards the apex;
spike solitary ; calyx shorter than the tube of the corolla and
capsule. "H. . S. Native of New Andalusia. Leaves 3-nerved.
Corolla blue.
Long-fruited Buchnera. PI. 2 feet.
25 B. amethy'stina (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 2. p.
588.) hispidly scabrous ; stem simple, leafy at bottom ; spike
loose, few- flowered; outer bractea ovate, acute ; teeth of calyx
short, nearly equal. '2/ . S. Native of tropical Brazil, Sello.
Bracteas equal, acute : lateral ones lanceolate. Stem nearly
naked at top, but leafy at bottom. Corollas blue.
VOL. IV.
Amethysl-AowereA Buchnera. PI. | to li foot.
26 B. LOBELiofoF.s (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 589.) his-
pidly scabrous ; stem simple, leafy at bottom ; spike loose,
many-flowered ; outer bractea lanceolate, very acute ; teeth of
calyx unequal : the two front ones the largest. % . H. Native
of tropical Brazil, Sello. Upper part of stem naked. Leaves
in some specimens toothed, and in others quite entire.
LoheUa-like Buchnera. PI. f to 1| foot.
27 B. lavandula'cea (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) stem sim-
ple, leafy at bottom ; leaves quite entire, somewhat plicately
nerved; spike dense-flowered. '%.. H. Native of tropical
Brazil, Sello.
Lavender-\eaMeA Buchnera. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
* * Spike dense, imbricate, tetragonal.
28 B. stri'cta (Benth. in Hook. comp. p. 367.) smoothish ;
leaves linear, erect, strict ; spike tetragonal, imbricated, nearly
glabrous ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, acute, naked, about equal
in length to the calyx. 1/. G. Native of China, Lord Mul-
grave, in herb. Banks. This species has not the large lower
leaves of the 3 following ; the stem is simple, ex Benth.
Strict Buchnera. PI. f foot.
29 B. crucia'ta (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 91.)
downy ; radical leaves obovate : lower caidine ones oblong :
superior caidine ones linear ; spike tetragonal, imbricated,
downy ; bracteas ovate, ciliated, shorter than the calyx. 11. G.
Native of the mountains ofNipaul and Prome, Wall. Stem and
leaves of B. h'lspida. Calyx nearly cylindrical. Spike about
an inch long. Radical leaves toothed : cauline ones entire.
Cruciate Buchnera. PI. 5 to | foot.
30 B. tetra'sticha (Wall, ex Benth. scroph. ind. p. 41.)
pubescent or smoothish, tall ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, ob-
tuse, quite entire ; spike tetragonal, imbricated ; bracteas broad-
ovate, about equal in length to the calyx. % . S. Native of
Burma, at Moalmyne, on the banks of the Salian, Wall. Calyx
iTiuch depressed. Leaves numerous. Spikes 2 inches long.
Four-rowed-spiked Buchnera. PI. 2 feet.
31 B. tetragona (R. Br. prod. p. 437.) glabrous, tall ;
leaves oblong or lanceolate, few-toothed ; spike tetragonal, im-
bricate, glabrous ; bracteas broad-ovate, exceeding the calyx.
%. G. Native of New Holland, on the north coast, within the
tropic, R. Br. ; Goulburn Island, Cunningh. This differs from
B. tetrdsticha besides its smoothness, in the spike being much
less densely imbricate, and the leaves more distant on the stem,
ex Benth.
Tetragonal-sptked Buchnera. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. All the species grow freely in any light rich soil, and
are readily increased by cuttings and seeds.
LXXVII. RHAMPHICA'RPA (from pa^^oc, rhamphos, a
beak ; and (.apTroc, carpos, a fruit ; in reference to the mucro-
nate or beaked cajisule.) Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 368.
Buchnera species, Wall. — Gerardia species, Lin. suppl. 279.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-cleft. Corolla with a long, exserted, slender tube ; limb
spreading, 5-parted ; segments obovate, nearly equal. Stamens
didynamous, inclosed. Capsule obliquely mucronate or beaked ;
valves coriaceous, entire. — Erect, branched, glabrous herbs, be-
coming black on drying. Lower leaves opposite : superior
ones alternate, narrow, entire, or pinnate. Flowers on short
pedicels, racemose, usually bractless.
1 R. LONGIFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) leaves pinnate, narrow, linear ;
tube of corolla straight, much longer than the limb ; beak of
capsule a little recurved. ©. S. Native of Senegal, in tlie
Isle of St. Louis ; Indian Peninsula, Jacquemont. Buchnera
longiflora, Wight, mss. A small, erect, branching annual.
4 F
586
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXVII. Rhamphicarpa. LXXVIII. Cycnium. LXXIX. Nycterinia.
Segments of leaves few and distant. Peduncles usually shorter
than the calyx, and naked, sometimes longer, with a pair of
bracteas. Corolla white, drying bluish; tube 1-^ inch long;
lobes of limb short, broad, truncate or emarginate.
Long-Jiowerecl Rhamphicarpa. PI. h foot ?
2 R. TUBULOSA (Benth. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate- linear, entire ;
limb of corolla a little shorter than the tube, which is a little
incurved ; capsule truncate, with a short beak. ©.? G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, in the eastern portion of the
Uitenhage district, Ecklon, Drege, &c. Plant glabrous, erect,
a little branched. Peduncles rather longer than the calyx.
Corolla white, drying bluish ; tube an inch long, slightly curved
about the middle ; lobes of limb obovate, entire, ex Benth.
Tubular-i\owered Rhamphicarpa. PI. 1 foot.
3 R. cuRviPLORA (Benth. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-linear, en-
tire ; limb of corolla rather shorter than the tube, which is in-
curved ; capsule acinaciform. ©. ? S. Native of Madagascar
and Mosambique, Forbes. Habit of R. lubulosa. Leaves nar-
rower. Divisions of the calyx longer ; tube of corolla more
curved, with a larger limb. Capsule very oblique.
Curved-Jlotvered Rhamphicarpa. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Polycarina, p. 588.
LXXVin. CY'CNIUM (probably from kv/ci'oc, cyc7ios, a
swan ; but the application is not evident.) E. Meyer, mss. ex
Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 368.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx bibracteate at
the base, long-tubular, 5-cleft at apex. Corolla with a cylindri-
cal, straight tube, and a deeply 5-cleft spreading limb ; segments
ovate, entire. Stamens didynamous, inclosed. Capsule fleshy,
indehiscent. 1 — Rigid scabrous herbs, natives of South Africa,
becoming blackish on drying. Leaves opposite, or the superior
ones are alternate, coarsely toothed. Flowers axillary, or race-
mose.
1 C. Addone'nse (E. Meyer, mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) stem pro-
cumbent ; leaves ovate, or oblong ; flowers sessile, axillary ;
tube of corolla more than twice as long as the calyx. ©. ? G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Addo country, in the
Uitenhage district, Drege and Ecklon. The whole plant co-
vered with stiff short hairs. Leaves sessile, cuneated at the
base. Calyx more than an inch long, opening at the base as the
capsule swells ; divisions foliaceous. Corolla white, tube i\
inches long ; limb flat, \\ inch in diameter. Capsule oval, half
an inch long, ex Bentham.
Addo Cycnium. PI. 1 foot. .''
2 C. RACicMosuM (Benth. 1. c.) stem erect ; leaves lanceolate ;
flowers pedicellate, racemose ; tube of corolla hardly equal in
length to the calyx. ©.? G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, near Sdoh, on the Klipplaat river, on the eastern side of
the Witsenberg, in Tambukiland. Habit resembling Melasma
scabra, or Rhamphicdrjui tubulosa. Stem nearly simple, sca-
brous. Leaves 1^ to 2 inches long, with a few teeth, contracted
at the base, nearly all alternate. Pedicels short. Bracteas
linear. Tube of calyx 9-10 inches long, striated ; lobes lance-
olate-subulate. Limb of corolla \\ inch in diameter, ex Benth.
/Jaeejnose-flowered Cycnium. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Polycarina, p. 588.
LXXIX. NYCTERI'NIA (from yvKrepwog, nycierinos, of,
or belonging to the night ; the flowers expand, and are very
fragrant in the evening.) D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. vol.
3. t. 239. Benth. in Hook, comp. 1. p. 3G9. — Erinus species
of Lin. and other autliors.
Lin. SYST. Didynitmia, Angiospcrmia. Calyx ovate-tubular,
shortly 5-toothed, bilabiate, or bipartite. Corolla permanent ;
tube elongated, at length cleft at the base ; throat equal, often
hispid ; limb spreading, almost equally 5-parted ; segments
bifid, or entire. Stamens didynamous : superior ones inclosed
in the tube, with oblong, erect anthers : lower ones inserted at
the throat, with smaller, transverse, usually sterile anthers,which
are sometimes altogether abortive. Capsule coriaceous, or mem-
branous ; valves bifid at apex.- — Herbs or under shrubs natives
of South Africa, more or less clammy, and often becoming
blackish on drying. Lower leaves opposite : superior ones
alternate, usually few-toothed : floral ones often smaller, entire,
adpressed to the calyx, or sometimes adnate to it. Flowers
sessile, interruptedly or densely spicate.
§ 1. Segments of corolla bifid ; tube clothed with faie down.
Leaves oblong, linear, or lanceolate.
1 N. coria'cea (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose ; floral leaves
broad-lanceolate, obtuse, toothed, thick, coriaceous, villous,
about twice as long as the calyx, which is coriaceous and vil-
lous ; spike elongated. T^ . G. Native on mountains about
Cape Town. Li habit it comes near to A'^. divaricata, but is
much larger and more rigid, and has the flowers of A'^. spathacea.
Capsule larger than in any other species, and almost woody.
Co?-wcfO(ts-calyxed Nycterinia. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
2 N. spatha'cea (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect ; leaves obo-
vate, or oblong-spatulate : lower ones 3-nerved : floral ones stem-
clasping, broad-lanceolate, or oblong, obtuse, almost quite entire,
1 -nerved, all coriaceous, pubescent on the margins and nerves, the
rest glabrous ; spike elongated ; calyx elongated, a little shorter
than the floral leaves. h . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, in Tambukiland, near Siloh, east of the Winterberg, and
on the Katriviersberg, Ecklon. At the top of the Witberg,
Drege. Floral leaves spathe-formed, near an inch long, appa-
rently coloured. Spike much lengthened after florescence.
Tube of corolla 1| inch long.
Spathaceous-leay eA Nycterinia. Shrub 1 foot.
3 N. mari'tima (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, nearly gla-
brous ; leaves lanceolate, or oblong, obtuse, almost quite entire :
floral ones broad-lanceolate, exceeding the calyxes a little, all
rather coriaceous, glabrous ; spike elongated, dense, many-flow-
ered, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the
Uitenhage district ; and on the sea-coast near the Zeekoe river,
Thunberg ; near Kachu, Drege. Erinus maritimus, Lin. suppl.
287. syst. 571. Thunb. fl. cap. 474. Flowers colour of those
of TV^. lyclmidea. This species comes near A'^. sptathacea, but is
taller. Perhaps a variety of A'^. lyclmidea.
Sea-side Nycterinia. Shrub J to 1 foot.
4 N. lychni'dea (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. vol. 3. t.
239.) suffruticose : branches clothed with adpressed villi ; leaves
oblong-linear, few-toothed, and quite entire, 1 -nerved, smooth-
ish : floral ones stem-clasping, broad-lanceolate, or oblong, ob-
tuse, few-toothed, and quite entire, having the margins and
nerves ciliated ; spike elongated ; calyxes shorter than the floral
leaves. \i • ^- Native of the Cape of Good Hope, probably
along the sea-coast; in the Amaponda country, between the
river Uintenda and Umzimcoolu, Drege. Erinus lychnideus,
Lin. suppl. 287. Ker. hot. reg. 748. Sims, bot. mag. 2504.
Leaves more or less fleshy, the larger ones always toothed.
Corolla yellowish, white inside, but purplish outside.
Jyychnidea "^ycienma. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1776. Shrub J
to 1 foot.
5 N. Cape'nsis (Benth. I.e. p. 370.) herbaceous, hard; stem
erect, adpressedly villous ; lower leaves lanceolate : superior
ones or all linear, few-toothed, or quite entire, 1 -nerved; mar-
gins and nerves usually ciliated : floral leaves oblong-lanceolate,
quite entire, hardly exceeding the calyxes ; spikes oblong. ©.?
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills from the Cape
to Fort Beaufort, in the neutral territory, Ecklon and Drege,
1
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXXIX. Nycterinia.
587
&c. ; also northward, in Namaqualand and New Hantam, Dregc.
Erinus Capensis, Lin. mant. 252. Eriniis iEthiopicus, Thunb.
H. cap. 47^. This is apparently a very common species, distin-
guished from A', lijchmdca by its herbaceous, probably annual
root, upright stems, and smaller leaves. Spikes usually short,
and few-flowered, occasionally the central one acquires a consi-
derable length. Corolla slender, hardly an inch and a quarter
long, ex Benth.
Jar. a, hirsuta (Benth. 1. c.) branches more villous; leaves
hairy on both surfaces. ©. ? G.
Var. /3, g/abri'isciila (Benth. 1. c.) leaves smoothish. ©. ? H.
J'ur. y,folwsa (Benth. 1. c.) leaves smaller, more numerous;
spike few-flowered.
Far. d, lenuifblia (Benth. 1. c.) leaves narrow-linear, and more
glabrous.
Cape Nycterinia. PI. | to 1 foot.
G N. LONGiFLORA (Bentii. 1. c.) herbaceous ; stem adpressedly
pilose ; leaves linear, pinnatifidly toothed : floral ones lanceo-
late, toothed, clothed with rather clammy down ; spike short.
14. ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Kamiesbergen,
in the north Clanwilliam district, Drege. This differs from N.
Capensis by its deeply toothed leaves, and from A'^. dentata by
their narrowness, from both by the corolla being 18-20 lines
long.
Long-Jlorvered Nycterinia. PL -j to 1 foot.
7 N. denta'ta (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous, erect; stem ad-
pressedly pilose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic, narrowed
at the base, coarsely toothed, or half pinnatifid, clothed with
clammy pubescence, as well as the floral ones, which are broad-
lanceolate ; spike short, dense. 1/ . ? G. Native on the moun-
tains near Cape Town and Paarl, Ecklon and Drege, &c. Habit
of N. Capensis, but is distinguished from it by its broad, deeply
toothed leaves, often narrowed into the petioles at the base.
far. ji, liHtnilis (Benih. 1. c.) plant more humble. 1^. ? G.
Native on the Zwarteberg, Ecklon ; and Nieuweveld mountains,
Drege.
Tootlied-leaved Nycterinia. PI. -| to 1 foot. ?
8 N. ova'ta (Benth. 1. c.) suSruticose, ? divaricate, or pro-
cumbent, clothed with clammy villi ; leaves ovate, coarsely
toothed, villous on !)oth surfaces, as well as the floral ones,
which are oblong ; spike short. Ij . G. Native of Caflreland,
at W'itbergen. Leaves very blunt, narrowed at the base. Spike
apparently interrupted. Corolla l4 inch long.
Ovate-leaved Nycterinia. Shrub procumbent.
9 N. pu'mila (Benth. 1. c.) humble, much branched ; leaves
oblong-linear, deeply and remotely toothed : floral ones similar,
twice or thrice longer than the corolla, somewhat dilated at the
base ; flowers axillary, hardly spicate ; tube of corolla hardly
downy ; capsules ovate, coriaceous. — Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in the Nieuweveld or Kowp, Drege. A remarka-
ble species, with somewhat the appearance of Castilleja fasifo-
lia, scarcely 3 inches high, ex Benth.
Dwarf Nycterinia. Shrub i foot.
§2. Segments of corolla hijid ; tube glabrous. Leaves spatulate.
ION. SEiAGiNofnES (Benth. 1. c.) humble, branched at the
base ; leaves spatulate : floral ones dilated at the base ; throat
of corolla crowned by rigid hairs ; lower stamens abortive. ©.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the sandy plains on
the west coast from the Cape flats northward, Ecklon. Erinus
selaginoides, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 475. Erinus Africanus, Herb,
un. itin. p. 301, but not of Lin. A low annual, generally 3-5
inches high, usually covered with spreading, clammy hairs, and
dries less black than the species of the first section. Lower
leaves obovate : upper ones oblong, or linear-spatulate, entire,
or with a very few teeth : floral ones adhering at the base to the
calyx, spreading at top. Flowers rather distinct, especially at
the base of the spike. Calyx and capsules membranous. Co-
rolla 9-11 lines long, ex Benth.
Var. a, villosa (Benth. I. c.) villous.
Far. (3, glabra (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous. ©. G. On the Oli-
fants and Zwartdoorn rivers, Drege.
Var. 0, parvijiora (Benth. 1. c.) corolla scarcely 5 lines long,
concealed under the floral leaves. ©. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, but the locality is not inentioned.
Selago-like Nycterinia. PI. j to 4^ foot.
11 N. Africa'na (I). Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. vol. 3. p.
239.) humble, branched at the base ; leaves opposite : floral
ones oblong-spatulate ; throat of corolla scarcely pilose ; sta-
mens 4, all antlieriferous. ©.? G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in the Carro and Carroid districts ; Hexriver ;
Winterbergen and Sneeuwebergen, Ecklon, Drege ; Hermanns
Kraal, in Albany, Ecklon. Erinus Africanus, Lin. spec. 878.
Thunb. fl. cap. 474.— Burm. afr. p. 139. t. 50. f. 1. Habit of
N. selaginoides. Leaves rather more collected at the base of
the stem. Spike more dense, "ith the floral leaves more pro-
minent, and readily distinguished by the 2 lower anthers slightly
projecting from the mouth of the tube.
African Nycterinia. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
$ 3. Segments of the limb of the corolla entire ; tube glabrous.
12 N. divarica"ta (Benth. 1. c.) humble, stiff, branched at
the base, pubescently hairy ; lower leaves on long petioles, obo-
vate : upper floral leaves lanceolate, toothed ; spikes elongated.
Jj . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on sandy hills
and plains near Cape Town. Maniilea divaricata, Thunb. fl.
cap. 468. A common plant in collections, drying black. Co-
rolla slender, about 10 lines long. Capsule rather coriaceous.
Divaricate Nycterinia. PI. dwarf.
13 N. peduncula'ris (Benth. 1. c.) humble, leafy at the
base, branched ; lower leaves petiolate, ovate : cauline leaves
few, lanceolate, a little toothed ; spikes on long peduncles, head
formed, few-flowered. — -Native of the Cape of Good Hope ;
Theopolis, in Albany, Ecklon. Leaves almost all collected at the
base of the stem, which is scape-formed. Branches 4-G inches
long. Flowers like those of A'', divaricata. Capsule somewhat
coriaceous.
J'ar. a, hirsuta (Benth. 1. c.) plant hairy.
Far. (i, glabriuscula (Benth. 1. c.) plant nearly glabrous.
Native at Haazenkraalsrivier, Drege.
Peduncled Nycterinia. PI. dwarf.
14 N. pusi'lla (Benth. 1. c.) erect, nearly simple; leaves
almost all radical, petiolate, broadly ovate : floral ones oblong-
linear, or spatulate ; flowers fevp, distant, or rather approximate.
— Native of the Cape of Good Hope, between Hoi river and
Micrencasteel, in the North Clanwilliam district. More slender
than A^. peluncularis, and the branches are not scape-formed.
Buchnera divaricata, Lin. soc. herb. ?
Small Nycterinia. PI. 5 to | foot. ?
15 N. VILLOSA (Benth. 1. c.) stem erect, branched, leafy;
leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, almost quite entire ; spikes inter-
rupted at the base, dense at apex. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope ; Haazenkraalsrivier, Drege. Erinus villosus, Thunb. fl.
cap. 474. ? Taller than the three last, and scarcely blackens on
drying. Capsule almost membranous. Stamens all antheriferous
and inclosed, as in the three last species, ex Benth.
Fillous Nycterinia. PI. 5 to 5 foot. 1
Cult. All the species of Nyc'terinia are worth cultivating for
the sake of the beauty and sweet scent of their flowers. They
grow well in a mixture of peat and sand, or vegetable mould ;
4 F 2
588
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXX. Polycarena. LXXXI. Phyllopodium.
and cuttings will strike root readily in the same kind of earth
under a hand glass ; or they may be increased by seeds.
LXXX. POLYCARE^NA (from woXve, polys, many ; and
naprjvov, karenon, a head, in reference to the heads of flowers.)
Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 371. Buchnera and Maniilea
species, Lin. and Thunb.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx membranous,
bilabiate, bipartite in tlie fructiferous state. Corolla permanent ;
tube at length cleft ; throat broader ; limb spreading, nearly
equally 5-cleft. Stamens didynamous, inserted towards the top of
the tube ; anthers all similar, exserted. Capsule membranous. —
Small annual herbs, natives of South Africa, usually much
branched, more or less clammy, hardly becoming blackish on
drying. Spikes terminal, usually capitate in the floriferous
state, but generally elongated in the fructiferous state. Flowers
almost sessile. Floral leaves adnate to the very short pedicels.
* Tube of corolla 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx.
1 P. Cape'nsis (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with clammy down ;
leaves linear, or oblong, entire, and few-toothed ; spikes rather
loose, numerous, corymbosely panicled ; tube of corolla 3 times
as long as the calyx. ©. G. Native of Cape District, Ecklon,
Drege, &c. Buchnera Capensis, Lin. mant. 88. Maniilea Ca-
pensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 467. Flowers yellow. Tube of corolla
5 an inch long ; limb larger than in any of the other species.
Generally all 4 anthers are exserted.
Cape Polycarena. PI. | foot.
2 P. GiLioiDES (Benth. 1. c. p. 372.) clothed with clammy
pubescence ; leaves linear, a little toothed : floral ones about
equal in length to the calyxes ; spikes downy, few-flowered ;
tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx. ©. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in sands near Paarl, Drege. Habit of
Gilia laciniata, more slender than P. Cajiensis, with the flowers
hardly half the size, Benth.
Gitia-like Polycarena. PI. 5 to |^ foot.
* * Tube of corolla rather shorter than the calyx.
3 P. AUREA (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with clammy pubescence;
leaves linear, quite entire, or a little toothed : floral ones linear-
lanceolate, about equal in length to the calyxes ; spikes short,
dense, pubescent; limb of corolla longer than its tube. 0. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Buchnera aurea. Herb.
Banks, mss. Manulea jEthiopica, Thunb. fl. cap. 467,? ex-
clusive of the syn. of Lin. Flowers golden yellow, above twice
the size of those of P. puhescens, by which it differs from that
species, as well as in its narrow, erect leaves.
Go/rfen-flowered Polycarena. PI. a foot.
4 P. pube'scens (Benth. 1. c.) erect, small, clothed with
clammy pubescence ; lower leaves subovate : superior ones ob-
long, or linear, quite entire, and toothed : floral ones ovate, or
lanceolate, about equal in length to the flowers ; bracteas and
capsules downy ; limb of corolla about equal in length to its
tube. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Rode-
sand, Haazenkraalsrivier, and Zilverfontein, in Namaqualand.
Varies in the leaves being entire and toothed. Spikes short,
and dense. .
Downy Polycarena. PI. \ foot. ?
5 P. capilla'ris (Benth. 1. c.) smoothish ; lower leaves obo-
vate, or oblong : rameal ones linear : floral ones linear, obtuse,
equalling the calyxes in length, and capsules, glabrous ; fructi-
ferous spikes loose. ©. G. Native of the Cape Flats and
Zwarteland. Maniilea capillaris, Lin. syst. 569. suppl. 285.
Thunb. fl. cap. p. 468. Branches slightly pubescent. Calyx
about a line long. Flowers small, yellow.
Capillary Polycarena. PI. 4 foot.
6 P. RARiFLORA (Bcuth. 1. c.) clotlicd with fine pubescence ;
leaves narrow-linear, almost quite entire, or the lower ones are
oblong : floral ones exceeding the flowers ; spikes few, few-
flowered, nearly glabrous ; limb of corolla shorter than its tube.
0. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Habit of the
preceding, but the leaves are narrower, and the flowers much
smaller.
Few-Jlowered Polycarena. PI. \ to -J foot.
7 P. plantagi'nea (Benth. 1. c.) erect, small, clothed with
clammy pubescence ; lower leaves obovate : superior ones ob-
long, quite entire, and few toothed : floral ones lanceolate,
obtuse, exceeding the calyxes ; corolla small, having the limb
shorter than its tube. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, on rocks at Modderfontein and Zilverfontein, in Nama-
qualand, Drege. Spikes forming small leafy heads, with a few,
detached, axillary flowers, lower down in the stem. Flowers
smaller than in any other plant belonging to tribe Buchnerea.
Plaintain-like Polycarena. PI. 5 foot.
8 P. interte'xta (Benth. 1. c.) procumbent, clothed with
clammy pubescence ; leaves petiolate, small, ovate-toothed,
downy : floral ones ovate-oblong, obtuse, scarcely exceeding the
calyx ; spikes globosely capitate, somewhat fastigiate. 0. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Maniilea intertexta,
Banks, herb. Flowers very small. Leaves more deeply tooth-
ed than any other species.
Interwoven Polycarena. PI. procumbent.
Cult. The species are all beautiful tender annuals. The
seeds of them should be reared on a hot-bed in early spring, and
about the middle or end of May some of the young plants may
be set out in the open border, in a warm, sheltered situation ; and
others may be grown in pots, and placed in the green-house.
LXXXL PHYLLOPO'DIUM (from (^yXXor, phyllon,a\ea(;
and TfouE ■jToooc, 2)ous podos, a foot ; in reference to the floral
leaves being adnate to the pedicels or flower stalks.) Benth.
in Hook. comp. 1. p. 372. — Manulea species, Lin. and Thunb.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx nearly equally
5-parted ; segments sub-connate at the base, with membranous
margins. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube shorter than the calyx;
limb 5-parted ; segments entire, nearly equal. Stamens didy-
namous, exserted ; anthers all similar. Capsule membranous.
— Harsh annual herbs, natives of South Africa, generally pro-
cumbent at the base, rarely erect, usually becoming blackish on
drying. Floral leaves adnate to the pedicels, which are very
short. Flowers small, sessile, orange-coloured, or usually blu-
ish or purplish. ? Spikes terminal, usually capitate, more or
less elongated in the fructiferous state.
1 P. cuneifolium (Benth. 1. c. p. 373.) stem pubescently
hairy ; lower leaves petiolate, ovate, or obovate, deeply toothed:
superior ones oblong, cuneated : floral ones hardly exceeding
the calyxes ; floriferous spikes capitate : fructiferous ones ob-
long-cylindrical, dense, many-flowered. 0. G. Native of the
Uitenhage district, about Algoa Bay. Stem woody, though
annual. Leaves thickish, glabrous. Divisions of calyx joined
to the middle by a membrane. Habit of Selago, Benth.
Wedge-leaved Phyllopodium. PI. 7} foot.
2 P. capita'tum (Benth. 1. c.) stem hairy ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, or oblong, hairy : superior ones small, linear : floral
ones ovate-lanceolate, hairy : outer ones exceeding the calyxes ;
spikes capitate, nearly globose, or at length oblong, dense, many-
flowered. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the
western districts, from Cape Town to Olifant's river in Clanwil-
liam. Maniilea capitata, Lin. syst. 569. suppl. 285. Thunb.
fl. cap. 469. More hairy and less branchy than the preceding.
Leaves narrower, and less toothed. Spikes very dense, and
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXI. PHYtLoroDiuM. LXXXII. Sphenandra. LXXXIII. Cilenostoma.
589
hardly bigger tlian a large pea. External floral leaves forming
a kind of involucrum to tlie young heads of flowers. Divisions
of the calyx obtuse, deeply cleft. Corolla minute, reddish ?
Capitate-Howeved Phyllopodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. I to 1 foot.
3 P. heterophy'lujm (Benth. 1. c.) plant small, hairy, branch-
ed at the base ; branches erect ; lower leaves peliolate, ovate, a
little toothed : superior ones few, linear : floral ones linear-lan-
ceolate : outer ones exceeding the ciliated calyxes ; spikes capi-
tate, becoming at length oblong and rather loose in the fructi-
ferous state ; stamens shorter than the limb of the corolla. ©.
G. Native near the Cape, from Zwartland to Caledon. Ma-
nulea heterophylla, Lin. syst. 5G9. suppl. 285. Thunb. fl. cap.
469. Perhaps a variety of the preceding ; but much more
slender, with looser heads of flowers. Corolla apparently yel-
low, Benth.
Various-leaved Phyllopodium. PI. -1^ foot.
4 P. pu'milum (Benth. 1. c.) erect, smoothish ; leaves petio-
late, ovate : superior ones oblong : floral ones ovate, very
blunt, downy, equal in length to the calyxes; spikes capitate,
few-flowered; stamens equalling the limb of the corolla. Q.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Groen river, in
Cianwilliam. More slender than the last, with smaller heads,
and rather larger flowers.
Djvarf Phyllopodium. PI. | foot.
5 P. DiFFu'suM (Benth. 1. c.) smoothish, or scarcely hairy,
much branched ; leaves ovate or oblong, toothed, narrowed a
long way into the petioles : floral ones linear, hardly exceeding
the calyxes; spikes elongated, loose. Q). G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, in the Uitenhage district. Branches pro-
cumbent. Flowers not so small as in the other species.
Diffuse Phyllopodium. PI. procumbent, a foot long.
6 P. bractea'ium (Benth. 1. c.) much branched, diffuse ;
branches downy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, toothed, glabrous :
floral ones similar ; spikes long ; flowers all remote ; calyxes
hardly longer than the petioles of the floral leaves. 0. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Uitenhage district,
near Addo and Enon, Drege ; Olifant's river, Ecklon. This
species is remarkable for its long loose branches, and especially
for the broadly expanded limb of the floral leaves, Benth.
£rac<eate-flowered Phyllopodium. PI. diflTuse.
Cull, For culture and propagation see Polycarena, p. 588.
LXXXII. SPHENA'NDRA (from <T((„i,;spken, a wedge ; and
avtip aydfior aner andros, a male ; in allusion to the wedge-
shaped anthers.) Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 373. — Manulea
species, Thunb. et Lin. — Buchnera species of Ait.
Lin. svst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted.
Corolla deciduous ; tube very short ; limb rotate ; segments 5,
roundish, nearly equal. Stamens 4, exserted, somewhat ascend-
ing ; anthers cuneated, all similar. — An erect shrub, clothed
with clammy pubescence. Leaves for the most part opposite,
oblong-lanceolate, fevv-toothed : floral ones free, much shorter
than the pedicels, ovate, quite entire, very acute. Stamens by
pairs, nearly equal.
1 S. viscosa (Benth. 1. c.) ^. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in the Carro desert and Carroid districts. Buch-
nera viscosa, L'her. stirp. 2. t. 34. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol.
2. p. 357. Curt. hot. mag. 7. t. 217. Maniilea viscosa, Willd.
enum. 652. Maniilea caerillea, Thunb. fl. cap. 467. Flowers
purple, bluish, or red. Style exserted.
CYamm^ Sphenandra. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nijclcrlnia, p. 587.
LXXXIII. CH^NO'STOMA (from x'^^^">,chaino, to gape ;
and oTOjxu, stoma, a mouth ; in reference to the wide throat of
the corolla.) Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 374. — Manulea
species of Thunb. and Vent. — Buchnera species, Andr. and
Pers.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted.
Corolla deciduous, funnel-shaped or salver-shaped, rarely with
a short subcampanulate tube ; throat dilated ; limb almost
equally 5-cleft ; segments obovate or roundish. Stamens didy-
namous ; anthers all similar, equal in height to the throat, or
exserted. — Herbs or under-shrubs, natives of South Africa, not
becoming blackish on drying. Leaves nearly all opposite, tooth-
ed, rarely quite entire : floral ones similar, or bractea-formed,
free from the pedicels. Flowers axillary or racemose, on longish
pedicels. Capsule glabrous.
* Tube of corolla hardly exserted, or shorter than the
calyx.
1 C. rotundif6lium (Benth. 1. c.) suffVuticose, smoothish ;
leaves small, petiolate, roundish-obovate, deeply toothed, thick-
ish, green on both surfaces ; pedicels axillary, a little longer
than the glabrous calyx ; corolla funnel-shaped ; tube shorter
than the calyx. \j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Branches apparently procumbent. Flowers few, small, towards
the summits of the branches.
Round-leaved Chsenostoma. Shrub procumbent.
2 C. pauciflorum (Benth. 1. c.) suflruticose, pubescent ;
leaves petiolate, obovate-roundish, toothed, downy on both sur-
faces ; pedicels axillary, rather longer than the calyx, which is
hispid ; corolla funnel-shaped : tube shorter than the calyx.
Pj . G. Native of South Africa, at Nieuweveldsbergen, in
Beaufort, Drege ; Krakakamma, in Uitenhage, Ecklon. —
Nearly allied to C. rotundifolia, but the flowers are nearly
twice the size. Drege's specimens are more hairy than Ecklon's,
Benth.
Fem-Jlowered Chaenostoma. Shrub procumbent ?
3 C. campanula'tum (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, villous ;
leaves ovate, toothed ; racemes loose, many-flowered ; calyx
hispid, with linear-lanceolate segments ; corolla subcampanulate,
with a very short tube, about twice as long as the calyx. I; .
G. Native of South Africa, at Zuiirebergen and Zwartehoog-
den, in Uitenhage and Albany, Ecklon and Drege ; on the Key
river, in Tambukiland, Ecklon. Leaves about half an inch long,
generally irregularly toothed, and contracted at the base. Sta-
mens very unequal in length ; the longer pair rather shorter
than the corolla, which appears to be blue.
Campanulate-^oviexedi Chaenostoma. Shrub.
4 C. CALYCi*NUM (Benth. 1. c.) suflfruticose, smoothish ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, toothed, glabrous or canescent beneath ; calyx
smoothish, with subulate segments, hardly one half shorter than
the subcampanulate corolla. h^ . G. Native of South Africa,
in the Amakosa country, between the rivers Gehau and Bashe,
Drege. — Habit almost of Sphendndra viscosa, but more slender,
and flowers more numerous. Corolla like that of C. campanu-
latum, but smaller.
Var. ft, laxijlorum (Benth. 1. c.) flowers more loose ; calyx
much smaller. Ij . G. Native on the rivers Bashe and Wind-
vogelberg. Perhaps a distinct species.
Large-calyxed Chaenostoma. Shrub.
5 C. procu'mbens (Benth. 1. c.) suffluticose, humble, much
branched ; leaves oval-oblong, a little toothed, obtuse, green on
both surfaces, thickish ; racemes few-flowered ; pedicels longer
than the calyxes ; corolla funnel-shaped : tube equal in length
to the calyx, or hardly exceeding it. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, on the Fish river, Drege. Branches
590
SCROPHULARINE.E. LXXXIII. Ch^nostoma.
apparently piostrate, slightly pubescent towards the extremity ;
the calyx has also a few hairs, but the rest of the plant is quite
glabrous.
Procumbent Chsenostoraa. Shrub prostrate.
G C. LAXIFLORUM (Beuth. 1. c.) suftruticose, procumbent,
subcanescent ; branches ascending, fastigiate ; leaves oblong-
ovate, a little toothed, narrowed a long way at the base, flat ;
racemes loose ; flowers on long pedicels ; calyxes glabrous or
canescent ; corolla funnel-shaped : tube equalling the calyx,
or hardly exceeding it. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, near the Keiskamma, Drege. Probably a mere variety
of the preceding ; but tlie flowers are larger.
Loose-floTvered Chsenostoma. Shrub procumbent.
7 C. HALiMiFOLiuM (Benth. 1. c. p. 375.) suffruticose, hum-
ble ; branches numerous, erect, white ; leaves oval-oblong or
lanceolate, a little toothed, hoary on both surfaces, flat ; racemes
loose ; flowers on long pedicels ; corolla funnel-shaped : tube
equalling the calyx in length, or hardly exceeding it. h . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Karroo desert, near
Graafreynet, Ecklon ; Steelkloof, Hamerkuil, and plains near
Aasvogelberg, Dr^ge. Habit of Maniilea iiicana. Branches
densely leafy at the base. Racemes almost leafless ; the floral
leaves being very small and entire.
Halimiim-leaved Chsenostoma. Shrub.
8 C. polya'nthum (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous or suftruticose,
much branched at the base ; branches downy at top, panicled ;
leaves ovate, toothed, cuneated at the base : upper ones oblong,
glabrous or canescent beneath ; racemes loose ; calyx hispid ;
corolla funnel-shaped : tube hardly exceeding the calyx. \i .
G. Native of South Africa, on the Zwartkops river, in Uiten-
hage, Ecklon ; Algoa Bay, Hook. herb. Habit and corolla of
(-'. laxijlorum. Leaves and calyx of C. campanulatum.
Many -flowered Chaenostoma. Shrub.
9 C. pu'milum (Benth. 1. c.) plant sufltVuticose, of many
stems, glabrous ; leaves oblong : superior ones linear, quite en-
tire, or few-toothed ; flowers racemose ; corolla funnel-shaped :
tube hardly longer than the calyx. It . G. Native of South
Africa, in Uitenhage district, Ecklon ; and probably from
Algoa Bay. Branches many, erect. Leaves slightly revolute
on the margins. Pedicels longer than the calyxes, which are
nearly glabrous. Corolla very open, as in all the species of this
section.
Z'jcar/' Chsenostoma. Shrub 5 to I foot.
10 C. denuda'tum (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose; branches gla-
brous, ascending ; leaves distant, linear, quite entire, with revo-
lute edges, glabrous ; racemes few-flowered ; calyx hispid,
hardly shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is funnel-
shaped. Tj . G. Native of South Africa, at Langekloof, in
George district, Ecklon and Drege. Habit almost of Aspenda
cynanchica. Calyx of C. camiianulatum . Corolla of C. pmni-
lum. Capsule oblong, longer than the calyx.
Naked Chsenostoma. Shrub ascending.
* * Tube of corolla twice or thrice the length of the
calyx.
11 C. revolu'tum (Benth. 1. c.) suff'ruticose, greyish or
pubescent; leaves linear, quite entire, with revolute edges;
flowers racemose ; pedicels hardly longer than the calyx ; seg-
ments of calyx linear or subulate, about equal in length to the
capsule, which is ovate, but 2 or 3 times shorter than the tube
of the corolla. Pj . G. Native of South Africa, under the
Zwartebergen, from the river Zondereinde to Gaurite river,
Ecklon and Drege ; and on the Fish river, Dr. Gill. Manidea
revoliita, Thunb. fl. cap. 467. Much branched.
Far. a, glabrtusculutn (Benth. 1. c.) plant smoothish.
Vnr. /3, pubescens (Benth. 1. c.) plant pubescent. Pj . G.
Native on the Cedarbergen, and near I5oschkloof, Drege.
Rcvolute-leaMeA Chsenostoma. Shrub 1 foot.
12 C. glabra' TUM (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, glabrous ; leaves
linear, quite entire, with revolute margins ; flowers racemose ;
pedicels more than twice as long as the calyx ; segments of
calyx lanceolate-subulate, rather downy, shorter than the oblong
capsule ; tube of corolla twice or thrice as long as the calyx.
Ij . G. Native of South Africa, at Kerg river, in Tambuki-
land ; and Kannaland, in Zwellendam, Ecklon ; and elsewhere,
Drege. This differs from C. linifoUum in its narrower leaves,
longer capsules, and is almost always perfectly glabrous.
Glabrous Chaenostoma. Shrub.
13 C. LiNiFOLiuM (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose; branches hairy
at top ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, or linear, quite entire, and
few-toothed, with subrevolute edges, hairy or smoothish ; flow-
ers racemose ; pedicels more than twice as long as the calyx ;
calycine segments glabrous, or scarcely hairy, linear, exceeding
the capsule a little, but 3 times shorter than the tube of the co-
rolla. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on moun-
tains in the Cape district, near Worcester, and near Brackfon-
tein, in Clanwilliani, Ecklon and Drege. Manuiea linifolia,
Thunb. fl. cap. 466. ? An intermediate species between C. gla-
bratum and C. /Etliiopicum ; and probably only a variety of the
latter.
Flax-leaved Chaenostoma. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
i to 1 foot.
14 C. jEthiopicum (Benth. 1. c.) suflfruticose ; branches nu-
merous, floriferous, fastigiate ; leaves oblong or ovate, few-
toothed, smoothish ; racemes short, loose, subcorymbose ; calyx
hispid, 2-3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. H . G.
Native of South Africa, in the Cape district. Buchnera Jithio-
pica, Lin. raant. 251. but not of Thunb. Intermediate between
C. linifblium and C. fasti giatum,
^Ethiopian Chsenostoma. Shrub.
15 C. fastigia'tum (Benth. 1. c. p. 376.) suffruticose ;
branches numerous, erectish ; leaves linear, or oblong-cuneated,
deeply few-toothed at apex ; flowers capitately racen)ose at the
tops of the branches ; pedicels usually shorter than the calyx ;
calyx hispid, 2 or 3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
V> . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Caledon. Ma-
niilea cephalotis, Thunb. fl. cap. 470. ? A low shrub, with
leaves very much like those of Salvia denlata, remarkable for
the compact racemes, consisting of from 3 to 7 flowers, with
very hispid calyxes.
J'ar. a, hirsutum ; branches and leaves hairy.
Var. fi, glabralum (Benth. 1. c.) plant glabrous.
Fastigiate-hrar\c\\ei!i Chaenostoma. Shrub.
16 C. sl'Bspica'tum (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, quite glabrous;
branches numerous, erectish ; leaves half stem-clasping, oblong,
deeply few-toothed ; flowers spicately racemose ; calyxes gla-
brous, or very shortly ciliated, 2-3 times shorter than the tube
of the corolla. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope ;
but the precise locality is unknown- Spikes of flowers leafy,
about an inch long. All the pedicels very much shorter than
the calyx.
Subspicate-dowered Chaenostoma. Shrub.
17 C. marifolium (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, procumbent;
branches clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves ovate, crenated,
with subrevolute edges, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath,
or on both surfaces ; flowers on very short pedicels, opposite or
subracemose ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx. fj .
G. Native of South Africa, in the Uitenhage district. Manii-
lea virgata, Thunb. fl. cap. 470. ? Branches long, twiggy.
Leaves almost sessile, and very white, which does not agree with
Thunberg's description, Benth.
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXIII. Cii.enostoma. LXXXIV. Lyperia,
591
Cat-Thyme-leaved Chscnostoma. Shrub procumbent.
18 C. iNTEGRiFotiuM (Benth. 1. c.) suffriiticose, loosely much
branched, nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate, with subrevolute,
quite entire, or few-toothed margins, glabrous ; flowers axillary,
]>edicellate : superior ones loosely racemose ; tube of corolla
slender, S times longer than the calyx, h . G. Native of
South Africa, in the Cape district. Manulea integrifolia, Lin.
syst. p. 569. suppl. 285. ? Thunb. fl. cap. 467. ? Habit al-
most of C. hispiduin ; but the leaves are smaller, less toothed,
and the whole plant is nearly or quite glabrous.
Far. /3, parvifdiium (Benth. 1. c.) leaves smaller. h . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Tygerberg, Drege.
Entire-leaved Chaenostoma. Shrub \ foot ?
19 C. cunea'tum (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, procumbent;
branches hairy ; leaves nearly sessile, obovate-roundish, cune-
ated, deeply toothed, green on both surfaces, hairy ; flowers ax-
illary at the tops of the branches, or subracemose ; tube of co-
rolla 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx. Ij . G. Native of
South Africa, in Hottentots' Holland and Palmietriver mountains,
in Stellenbosch, Ecklon. Habit almost of C. marifiliwn, but very
different in leaves and inflorescence ; in the latter character it
represents C. Msjiida, Benth. Leaves as broad as long, with
3-5 deep teeth, ex Benth.
Cuneate-leaved Chaenostoma. Shrub procumbent.
20 C. Hi'spiDUM (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose ; branches procum-
bent or divaricate, hairy ; leaves ovate or oblong, coarsely
toothed, narrowed or cuneated at the base, pubescent ; flowers
axillary, pedicellate : superior ones loosely racemose ; calyx
hairy, 3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. Pj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope ; plentiful in the neighbour-
hood of Cape Town. Manillea hispida, Thunb. fl. cap. 473.
Manulea oppositiflora. Vent. jard. malm. 15. t. 15. A very
variable plant, especially in the degree of hairiness and size of
leaves. Corolla white.
Hispid Chaenostoma. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub
procumbent.
21 C. floribu'ndum (Benth. 1. c.) branches erect? pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, cuneated at the base, finely
pubescent ; racemules subcorymbose, disposed in a many-flow-
ered, terminal panicle ; calyxes on short pedicels, hairy, 3 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla. ^^ .1 G. Native of South
Africa, at Port Natal, Drege. I,eaves almost like those of C.
hispidum, but larger ; the flowers are also almost the same.
The plant is remarkable for its size and inflorescence.
Btindle-Jlomered Chaenostoma. Shrub.
22 C. corda'tum (Benth. 1. c. p. 377.) herbaceous ; branches
prostrate, somewhat radicant, hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
roundish, toothed, truncate at the base or cordate, pubescent ;
flowers axillary, pedicellate ; calyxes hispid, hardly half the
length of the tube of the corolla. 1^. G. Native of South
Africa, at Krakakamma and Olifantshock, in Uitenhage, Ecklon.
Ruigtevalei, Drege. Manulea cord^ta, Thunb. fl. cap. 473.
This plant is remarkable for its long trailing stems, and form of
leaves. Corolla shorter than that of C. Impida.
Far. ft, hirsutus (Benth. 1. c.) plant more hairy, i;. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Witbergen, Drege.
Cordate-leaved Chasnostoma. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816.
PI. trailing.
23 C. RACEMosuM (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous? branches erect,
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, toothed, finely pubes-
cent : floral ones small ; flowers on long pedicels, racemose ;
tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx. 1^.? G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, on Zuurebergen, Drege. Leaves n an
inch long, rounded or wedge-shaped at the base : floral ones
sessile. Calyx nearly glabrous, unequally cleft ; segments sub-
ulate at ends.
Racemose-(\owered Chaenostoma. PI. ^ to 1 foot. ?
24 C. fos'tidum (Benth. 1. c.) annual? erect, branched,
nearly glabrous ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, deeply toothed ;
peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered : superior ones subracemose ;
tube of corolla slender, 2-3 times longer than the calyx. Q.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the eastern portion
of Worcester and Clanwilliam districts. See. Buchnera foc'tida,
Andr. bot. rep. t. 80. Manillea fce'tida, Pers. ench. 2. p. 148.
Manulea alternifolia, Hort. par. Pers. ench. 2. p. 148. Leaves
I to 1 inch long. Lower pedicels almost always bearing a small
corymb of about 3 nearly sessile flowers : the upper ones usually
simple, forming an irregular leafy raceme. Corollas white.
Stinking Chaenostoma. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1794. PI. 1
to 1^ foot.
25 C. PEDUNCULosuM (Beuth. 1. c.) herbaceous, much branch-
ed, procumbent, clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, deeply toothed or pinnatifid : superior ones small ;
peduncles axillary, very long, filiform ; tube of corolla slender,
one half longer or almost twice as long as the calyx ; limb
ample. l/.G. Native of South Africa, at Zilverfontein, in
Namaqualand. This species is remarkable for its intricate leafy
stems ; its numerous peduncles, often 2 inches long ; and for
the form of the flowers, which appear like those of Lyperia.
The corolla dries yellowish ; with a dark-coloured throat.
Peduncled Chscnostoma. PI. procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nycter'mia, p. 587.
LXXXIV. LYPE'RIA {Xvrrrjpoc, ly2)cros, sad or sorrowful ;
from the dull heavy colour of the flowers ; and also from then'
expanding and becoming sweet-scented at night ; but are closed
and scentless throughout the day-time.) Benth. in Hook,
comp. 1. p. 377. — Erinus species, Lin., Ait., and Thunb. Ma-
nulea species, Lin., Pers., and Link. Buchnera species, Andr.
Lychnidea species, Burm.
Lin. svst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted ;
segments linear, subfoliaceous. Corolla deciduous, with an
elongated tube, which is clammy outside, and gibbous or in-
curved on the upper side at the apex ; limb spreading, 5-cleft;
segments approximating into 2 lips. Stamens didynamous, in-
closed.— Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, natives of South Africa.
Lower leaves opposite : superior ones alternate, entire, toothed,
or deeply pinnatifid, or multifid, usually with the young leaves
in fascicles, in the axils of the old ones. Flowers sessile, or
generally pedicellate, axillary, racemose, or spicate. The co-
rollas, and sometimes the whole plant, becomes black on drying.
Capsules usually exserted, ovoid, or oblong, more or less
clammy.
* Flowers nearly sessile, spicate.
1 L. FRUTicosuM (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with clammy pubes-
cence ; leaves ovate, oblong, or subcordate, quite entire, and
few-toothed : floral ones similar, exceeding the calyxes ; cap-
sule oblong, about equal in height to the calyx, tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Zwartdoorn river, in Clan-
william and Modderfontein, and the Gariep plains, in Namaqua-
land, &c. More of a shrub than any of the other species.
Leaves sessile, from 4 lines to an inch in length, always drying
black, as well as the flower spikes.
Shrubby Lyperia. Shrub.
2 L. amplexicau'lis (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous? erect, clothed
with clammy pubescence, or villous ; leaves broad-ovate, tooth-
ed, cordately stem-clasping at the base : floral ones similar, ex-
ceeding the calyxes ; spikes elongated, many-flowered ; tube ol
corolla hardly exceeding the calyx: limb small. 1^-? G.
Native of South Africa, in Namaqualand, Ecklon ; Given river,
in Clanwillian, Drege. Flowering branches about a foot long,
592
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXIV. Lyperia.
of which the greater part is occupied by the leafy spike. Cap-
sule nearly glabrous, hardly as long as the calyx.
Slcm-clas2ymg-]ea\'ed Lyperia. PL 1 foot.
3 L. TRi'sTis (Benth. 1. c. p. 378.) herbaceous, erect, very
clammy ; lower leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, toothed and
cut : superior ones oblong-lanceolate : floral ones lanceolate,
quite entire : upper ones shorter than the capsules ; floriferous
spikes dense : fructiferous ones elongated ; capsule twice as
long as the calyx. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erinus tristis, Lin. syst. 571. suppl. 287. Thunb. fl. cap. 476.
Stems thick, rigid, branched. Tube of corolla about an inch
long ; segments of the limb emarginate. Capside 4-5 lines
long. The flowers of a dull dirty purple colour.
-S'ad-flowered Lyperia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 to
11 foot.
4 L. fra'grans (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, erectish, clammy ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed at top, narrowed at the base,
quite entire : superior ones narrower, and nearly entire : floral
ones rather shorter than the calyx ; floriferous spike dense :
fructiferous one elongated ; capsule hardly twice as long as the
calyx. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope ; plentiful.
Ennus fragrans. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 357. Erhius
lychnideus, Thunb. fl. cap. 474.? exclusive of many synonymes.
Ker. bot. reg. 748. Sel^go lycnidea, Lin. spec. 877. amcen. 6.
p. 89. Lychnidea villosa, &c., Burm. pi. afr. 1 3. t. 49. f. 4.
Leaves very numerous at the base of the stem ; and the whole
plant is slightly pubescent, and dries very black. Capsule 4-5
lines long.
Far. a; limb of corolla dirty lurid purple.
Var. P ; limb of corolla dirty yellow.
Fragrant Lyperia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 177C. Shrub \ to
1 foot.
5 L. macroca'rpa (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose ? stem smooth-
ish ; leaves oblong, linear, obtuse, quite entire, narrowed at the
base, finely pubescent : floral ones equal in length to the
calyxes ; spikes elongated ; capsule about 3 times longer than
the calyx. \. G. Native of South Africa, probably of the
Cape district. Wa\y[\. oi L. fragrans ; but the leaves are entire,
and the capsules about an inch long.
Long-fruited Lyperia. Shrub.
6 L. si'mi'LEX (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous, erect, nearly simple ;
lower leaves petiolate, ovate, a little toothed : superior and floral
ones oblong or lanceolate, quite entire ; spikes elongated ; cap-
sule clothed with clammy pubescence, hardly exceeding the
calyx. % . G. Native of South Africa, in the Cape district ;
Karroo desert, and False Bay, &c. Erinus simplex, Thunb. fl.
cap. 474. ? Differing from the three preceding species by the
short thick capsule ; and in the flowers, and especially the cap-
sules, being more distant from each other. Mr. Bentham is
doubtful whether this be the same as Thunberg's plant.
-S'Mrtjj/e-stemmed Lyperia. PI. \ foot ?
* * Herbs. Leaves not fascicled. Flowers pedicellate, racemose.
7 L. TENUiFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) small, erect, clothed with fine
clammy pubescence ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, quite entire,
and few-toothed ; pedicels a little longer than the calyxes. 1/ . ?
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope ; but the particular
station is unknown. Flowers 8-10 lines long.
Thin-flowered Lyperia. PI. 5 to 5 foot.
8 L. RACEMOSA (Benth. 1. c.) erect, very clammy ; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate, sharply toothed, narrowed a long way at the base;
flowers pedunculate, racemose ; limb of corolla ample, longer
than the half of the tube. 1/. G. Native of South Africa, in
the north of Clanwilliain district ; and at the mouth of the
Gariep, in Namaqualand, Ecklon and Drege. Tube of corolla
about 9 lines long; lobes of the limb broad, shortly bifid.
i?ace»2ose-flowered Lyperia. PI. 1 foot.
9 L. GLUTiNosA (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous, erect, very clammy ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, sharply toothed, roundly truncate at the
base ; flowers pedicellate, racemose ; limb of corolla shorter
than the half of the tube. %. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, near the Gariep. Not so tall, and more clammy
than the preceding. Leaves shorter. Corolla inore slender ;
with a much smaller limb. Calyx very clammy, rather longer
than the capsule.
Clammy Lyperia. PI. J to 1 foot.
10 L. violaVea (Benth. 1. c. p. 379.) decumbent or erectish,
smoothish ; leaves petiolate, oblong, toothed ; flowers few, sub-
racemose ; limb of corolla much shorter than the half of the
tube ; capsule ovate, villous, twice as long as the calyx. 1{ .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Maniilea violacea.
Link, enum. 2. p. 142. Maniilea crystallina, Weinm. syll. pi.
soc. rat. 1. p. 221.? Erinus patens, Thunb. fl. cap. 475.?
Branches smooth. Leaves ^ inch long. Corolla 7-8 lines long,
of a purplish-violet colour ; segments of the limb entire. Ac-
cording to Link, the plant is beset with short curled hairs.
/'«o/accoui-flowered Lyperia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1820.
PL 2 feet.
* * * Subshrubs or shrubs. Leaves usually fascicled in the
axils. Pedicels axillary and subracemose.
11 L. iNcfsA (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, humble, much
branched ; leaves petiolate, obovate or ovate, deeply toothed,
villous on both surfaces, as well as the branches ; flowers few,
subracemose ; tube of corolla about 6 times longer than the
calyx : limb short. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erinus incisus, Thunb. fl. cap. 476. Corolla above
an inch long.
Cut-\e3.veA Lyperia. Shrub dwarf.
12 L. cane'scens (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, decumbent,
much branched ; leaves petiolate, subfasciculate, oblong, deeply
toothed, hoary beneath or on both surfaces ; flowers subrace-
mose ; racemes panicled ; pedicels short, stiff"; limb of corolla
short ; capsule one half longer than the calyx. Tj . G. Native
of South Africa, in inundated land, on the Gariep, Drege.
Nearly allied to L. argentea, but the branches are less divari-
cate, and more rigid ; pedicels shorter. Flowers more nume-
rous and smaller.
Canescent Lyperia. Shrub decumbent.
13 L. arge'ntea (Benth. 1. c.) suffiaiticose, divaricately
branched ; leaves petiolate, subfasciculate, ovate or oblong,
deeply toothed, rather hoary from scabrous pubescence beneath,
or on both surfaces ; pedicels axillary, filiform, or the upper
ones are subracemose ; limb of corolla one half shorter than the
tube. T; . G. Native of South Africa, in the Uitenhage dis-
trict ; and in the Amakosa country, Ecklon and Drege. Ma-
niilea argentea, Lin. syst. p. 570. suppl. 28G. Thunb. fl. cap.
472. Lower leaves \ inch long : upper ones smaller. — A plant
very variable in pubescence, and generally drying rather black-
ish, seldom deserving the name of argentea, Benth.
1'ar. a ; leaves white beneath.
Var. (i ; leaves greenish on both surfaces.
Var. y ; more scabrous, and leaves blunter.
(Sifoer?/ Lyperia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1801. Shrub 1 foot.
14 L. peduncula'ta (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, divaricately
branched, finely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, subfasciculate, obo-
vate-cuneated, deeply toothed ; pedicels elongated, axillary, fili-
form ; calyx 3-4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; limb
of corolla a little shorter than the tube. I; . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope ; but the locality is not mentioned. Buch-
nera peduncuiata, Andr. bot. rep. t. 84. Manulea pedunculata,
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXIV. LvPEaiA. LXXXV. Manulea.
593
Pers. cnch. 2. p. 18t. Habit of L. argintea. Resembles also
L. cxmcata ; but the leaves are several times larger, and stalked;
and the pedicels above an inch long. Corollas white.
Long-j)cduncled Lyperia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1790. Shrub
1 1 foot.
15 L. i-HLOGiFLORA (Denth. 1. c.) suftruticose, decumbent,
much branched ; leaves fascicled, petiolate, oblong, deeply tooth-
ed or pinnatifid, finely pubescent or glabrous ; racemes loose,
clothed with clammy pubescence ; limb of corolla ample, with
emarginate segments, about equal in length to the tube. h .
G. Native of South Africa, on the Keiskamma, Drege. Dif-
fers from L. argenten chiefly by the leaves, which are smaller
and more deeply toothed : and by the large expanded limb of
the corolla.
Phlox-Jlomered Lyperia. Shrub decumbent.
10 L. crassicau'lis (Benth. 1. c.) suftruticose, decumbent at
the base, much branched ; branches strict, stiff, scabrous ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, pinnate : segments oblong, wedge-shaped, en-
tire, or 2-3-cleft, scabrous ; racemes strict ; pedicels a little
shorter than the calyx ; limb of corolla short, with emarginate
segments. Ij . G. Native of South Africa, on Wildshutsberg
and Witbergen. Dries black, and is covered with glandular
dots, which become white on drying.
Thick-stemmed Lyperia. Shrub | to 1 foot.
17 L. MOLLIS (Benth. 1. c. p. 380.) suffruticose, clothed with
soft villi ; branches elongated, procumbent ; leaves subfascicu-
late, petiolate, ovate, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate : segments
ovate, entire or cut ; pedicels axillary, filiform ; tube of corolla
hardly twice as long as the calyx. Tj . G. Native of South
Africa, at Graham's Town, in Albany; and Zaureberg, in Uiten-
hage, Ecklon ; Colesberg, Dr^ge. Branches slender. Pedicels
8-10 lines long. Corolla 4-5 lines long.
Soft Lyperia. Shrub procumbent.
18 L. filicau'lis (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, pubescent;
branches elongated, slender, procumbent ; leaves subfasciculate,
petiolate, ohovate-roundish, deej)ly pinnatifid : segments obo-
vate, very blunt; pedicels axillary, fililbrm. ^. G. Native of
South Africa, on the Witbergen. Allied, but distinct from the
preceding.
Thread- ■.temmed Lyperia. Shrub procumbent.
19 L. pinnati'fida (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, decumbent,
much branched ; leaves pinnate : segments oblong-cuneated,
entire, toothed or pinnatifid ; flowers subraceraose ; tube of co-
rolla 3-4 times longer than the calyx, h . G. Native of South
Africa, in the Karroo desert and Karroid places ; from Beaufort
to the Fish River, Ecklon. Manulea piimatifida, Lin. syst. p.
.570. suppl. 285. Thunb. fl. cap. 473. Plant very variable.
Leaves from 3 to 6 lines long, usually convolute or conduplicate.
Pedicels few, rather stiff. Tube of corolla 4-5 lines long ; limb
2-3 lines long ; segments obtuse, or very slightly emarginate.
Some of the following varieties may prove to be species.
I ar. a, canescens (Benth. 1. c.) capsule hardly one half longer
than the calyx.
I ar. p, suhcanescens (Benth. 1. c.) capsule about twice the
length of the calyx.
Jar. -/, viscbso-pubescens (Benth. 1. c.) capsule about twice
as long as the calyx ; corollas smaller.
Far. c, subbi]nnnatisecta (Benth. 1. c.) corolla larger.
Car. £, microphylla (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with clammy pubes-
cence.
PinnatiJid-\e&veCi Lyperia. Shrub decumbent.
20 L. multi'fida (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, procumbent, much
branched ; leaves subfasciculate, bipinnate ; segments for the
most part petiolate, oblong-cuneated, entire, cut or pinnatifid ;
racemes few-flowered ; calycine segments linear-spatulate,
hardly a half shorter than the tube of the corolla. 1; . G.
Native of South Africa, at Sternbergsprult and Stormbergen,
Drege. Leaves much more divided ; and the flowers much
smaller than in L. pinnatijida, ex Benth.
MultiJid-\ea.veA Lyperia. Shrub procumbent.
21 L. foliolosa (Benth. 1. c.) shrubliy, divaricately mtich
branched ; leaves small, fascicled, linear-cuneate, toothed or pin-
natifid, canescent on both surfaces ; flowers subracemose ; tube
of corolla about thrice as long as the calyx. >2 . G. Native of
South Africa, in karroid places. Zartehopf and Langekloof,
Ecklon ; between the little Fish river and Brak river, Drege.
Leaves 1 to 3 lines long, much narrower, less cut, and whiter
than in L. pinnatijida, var. t, which it much resembles.
Leafy Lyperia. Shrub.
22 L. cunea'ta (Benth. 1. c.) shrubby, much branched ;
leaves minute, fascicled, bi-tridentate at apex, rarely quite
entire, smoothish, or finely pubescent ; flowers subracemose ;
tube of corolla 3-4 times longer tlian the calyx. 1; . G. Native
of South Africa, on the Gauritz river, Drege. Leaves interme-
diate between tho>e of L. fulioldsa and L. atropiirj urea. Differs
from L. pedunculata by the minute sessile leaves, and in the
peduncles, which are seldom half an inch long.
Cuneate-\ea.veA Lyperia. Shrub.
23 L. atropurpu'rea (Benth. 1. c.) shrubby, much branched;
leaves minute, fascicled, linear, quite entire, or rarely uniden-
tate ; flowers subracemose ; tube of corolla 6-7 times longer
than the calyx. t^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in
the Karroo and Karroid districts, Ecklon and Drege. Manillea
atropurpiirea, Banks, herb. Leaves glabrous or downy, 1-2
lines long. Corolla near an inch long. Capsule larger than in
the neighbouring species. Leaves longer in the cultivated
plant.
Dark-purpIe-fiovieveA Lyperia. Shrub.
24 L. aspalathoi'des (Benth. 1. c. p. 381.) shrubby, much
branched ; leaves minute, fascicled, oblong or linear, quite
entire; flowers racemose; tube of corolla 2-3 times longer than
the calyx. Ij . G. Native of .South Africa, at Grassrugg and
Krakakamma, in the Uitenhage district, Ecklon. Leaves smaller
than in the preceding, and narrower than those of the following,
and not imbricated. Corolla \ an inch long. Branches downy.
Leaves glabrous.
A spialathus-ltke Lyperia. Shrub.
25 L. microphy'lla (Benth. 1. c.) shrubby, much branched ;
leaves minute, ovate, quite entire, fascicled in the axils : those
of the younger branches imbricating in 4 rows ; flowers few,
towards the tops of the branches. I7 . G. Native of South
Africa, in Karroid districts ; Zwartkops river, Ecklon ; near
Garip, and between Addo and Zondag river, Drege. Manulea
microphylla, Lin. syst. 569. suppl. 285. Thunb. fl. cap. 466.
Leaves scarcely ^ a line long. Flowers about half an inch long.
Segments of the limb broad, obovate.
Small-leaved IjyT^erxA. Shrub.
Cidt. For culture and propagation see Nycterinia, p. 587.
LXXXV. MANU'LEA (from nianus, the hand ; in allusion
to the divisions of the corolla.) Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p.
381.^ — Nemia, Berg. — Manulea species, Lin., Thunb., and other
authors. Selago species of authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted ;
segments linear or subulate. Corolla deciduous ; tube elon-
gated, glabrous or tomentose outside, erectish at top ; limb 5-
parted, equal, or the 4 superior segments are more approximate.
Stamens didynamous, inclosed. — Herbs, rarely subshrubs, na-
tives of South Africa. Leaves generally approximate at the
base of the stems : floral ones small, bractea-formed. Flowers
racemose ; racemes sometimes simple and naked, or minutely
bracteate ; sometimes compound, composed of many-flowered
4 G
594
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXXXV. Manulea.
peduncles. Corolla usually orange-coloured or yellow, not be-
coming black on drying. Capsule glabrous.
* Racem6s.«. Pedicels \-Jiowered. Segments of corolla bifid,
obcordale, obovale, or rarely oblong, obtuse. Leaves almost
radical. Peduncles scape-formed, simple, naked, or minutely
bracteate, racemose at apex.
1 M.? NERVOSA (E. Meyer, mss. Benth. 1. c. p. 381.)
leaves petiolate, obovate-oblong or ovate, quite entire, glabrous ;
calycine segments broad-lanceolate ; segments of corolla broad,
emarginate : the 2 upper ones combined beyond the middle,
quite entire: Tj . ? G. Native of South Africa, at Zilverfon-
tein, in Namaqualand, Drege. The calycine segments are
broader and thicker ; tube of corolla shorter ; limb larger, and
less deeply cleft than in any other species. Perhaps a separate
genus, ex Benth.
Nerved Manulea. PI. 5 to | foot.
2 M. siLENofDES (E. Meyer, mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) annual ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, quite entire, or obscurely toothed ; caly-
cine segments linear, while young connected by a membrane,
and exceeding the capsule in the fructiferous state ; segments
of corolla emarginately bifid. ©. G. Native of South Africa,
at Karakuis. More slender than iM. nervosa. Tube of corolla
longer ; limb smaller, with narrow segments.
I'ar. /J, minor (E. Meyer, 1. c.) ©. G. Native of South
Africa, between Micrenkasteel and Zwartdoorn river, in Clan-
william ; and Modderfontein, in Namaqualand.
Catclifly-like Manulea. PI. 3 to 4 inches.
3 M. androsa'cea (E. Meyer, mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) leaves
obovate-oblong, glabrous, quite entire, or subcrenated ; pedun-
cles glabrous ; racemes subcapitate ; calycine segments oblong-
linear, glabrous, equalling the capsule in length ; tube of corolla
3 or 4 times longer than the calyx ; segments of the limb obo-
vate, retuse. ©. ? G. Native of South Africa, in sands near
Noagas, Drege. Rather taller than M. silenoides. Leaves
rather longer and narrower. Flowers nearly sessile, mostly
forming a compact head, which is sometimes elongated in the
manner termed proliferous, Benth.
Androsace-like Manulea. PI. 5 to | foot.
4 M. coRYMubsA (Thunb. fl. cap. 472. Benth. 1. c.) leaves
ovate-oblong, obovate, quite entire and toothed, glabrous, or
finely downy ; peduncles scape-formed, sometimes furnished
with 1-2 leaves ; fructiferous racemes elongated ; calycine seg-
ments linear, longer than the capsule, membranously ciliated at
the base ; segments of corolla broad, obovate. — Native of South
Africa, in the Cape district. Flowers often reflexed. Tube of
corolla 3 lines long ; orifice hairy.
Corymbose-HowereA Manulea. PI. | to 1 foot.
5 M. ALTi'ssiMA (Lin. syst. 5G9. suppl. 286. Thunb. fl. cap.
472.) leaves oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, or toothed, finely pubes-
cent; peduncles very long, sometimes furnished with 1-2 leaves;
fructiferous racemes oblong, dense ; calycine segments lono-er
than the capsule, clothed with scabrous pubescence. — Native of
South Africa, in the Cape district. Peduncles or flowering
stems often a foot and a half high, sometimes with one or two
branches.
Very-tall Manulea. PI. 2 feet ?
6 M. longif6lia (Benth. 1. c. p. 382.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, quite entire, or obscurely toothed, smoothish ; floriferous
branches elongated, branched, nearly naked, or few-leaved at the
base ; fruit-bearing racemes elongated ; calyxes on short pedi-
cels, with lanceolate, hispid segments, which rather exceed the
capsules. — Native of South Africa, at Ebenezer, Drege. Per-
haps a variety of M. altissima ; but besides the branched stems,
narrow racemes, &c. the corolla appears to be much smaller.
Long-leaved Manulea. PI. 2 feet ?
7 M. BELLiDiFOLiA (Bcntli. 1. c.) leaves obovate or oblong, a
little crenated, glabrous, or finely pubescent ; fructiferous ra-
cemes elongated ; capsules remote ; calycine segments lanceo-
late, nearly glabrous ; segments of corolla oblong-ovate. — Na-
tive of South Africa, in the Uitenhage district, Katrivierberg,
Addo, and Quaggsvlakte, Ecklon ; Klipplaats river, Drfege.
It comes near M. corymbbsa, but is readily distinguished by the
calyx. Leaves of Bellis sylvestris.
Daisy-leaved Manulea. PI. 2 feet. ?
* * Thyrsif e6r;e. Racemes compound ; pedicels fascicu-
lately many-flowered. Segments of corolla entire, oblong, obtuse.
Stems usually leafy, Benth.
8 M. inca'na (Thunb. fl. cap. 468. Benth. 1. c.) sufTruti-
cose, humble, much branched ; leaves approximate at the base
of the branches, petiolate, oblong, obtuse, toothed at apex, nar-
rowed at the base, hoary on both surfaces ; floriferous branches
erect, nearly naked, racemose ; peduncles very short, 1-3-flow-
ered ; calyxes hoary, scarcely shorter than the tube of the co-
rolla. Pj . G. Native of South Africa, near the Cape. Habit
of Chcenostoma halimifdlium. Calyx 3-4 lines long, cleft to the
middle only. Divisions of corolla narrow-oblong, Benth.
Hoary Manulea. Shrub dwarf.
9 M. cRASsiFOLiA (Benth. 1. c.) perennial ; leaves nearly ra-
dical, oblong-elliptic or spatulate, obtuse, or bluntly subdentate,
quite glabrous on both surfaces ; stems nearly naked ; racemes
elongated, interrupted ; flowers fascicled ; segments of calyx
connected by a membrane, lanceolate-linear at apex, about
equal in length to the calyx ; tube of corolla 2-3 times longer
than the calyx. 1/ . G. Native of South Africa, at Moogplats
and Witbergen, Drege. Very smooth, and almost glaucous.
Thick-leaved Manulea. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
10 M. ju'ncea (Benth. 1. c.) perennial, quite glabrous, glau-
cous ; branches strict, erect, rushy, few-leaved ; leaves oblong-
linear, remotely toothed or pinnatifid : superior ones linear,
quite entire ; racemes compound, short, few-flowered ; seg-
ments of the calyx subulate, exceeding the capsule a little ;
tube of corolla 4-5 times longer than the capsule. 1/ . G. Na-
tive of South Africa, at Giftbergen, Drege. Racemes 2-7 inches
long. Calyx slightly downy. Tube of corolla about \ inch
long.
Rushy Manulea. PI. 2 feet.
11 M. ri'giua (Benth. 1. c.) erect, clothed with scabrous
pubescence ; branches divaricate ; leaves lanceolate, deeply
toothed or pinnatifid ; racemes elongated ; flowers subfascicu-
late, on very short pedicels ; calycine segments subulate at apex,
twice the height of the capsule ; tube of corolla scarcely twice
the length of the calyx. %.1 G. Native of Soutii Africa, in
Clanwilliam district ; Olifant's river and Brackfontein, Ecklon ;
Wupperthal, Drege. Stature of M.juncea, but branchy in the
upper part. Leaves sessile, or embracing the stem, often erect,
with the midrib very prominent. Pedicels 1-5-flowered. Co-
rolla of I\I. jiincea, ex Benth.
Stiff Manulea. PI. 2 feet.
12 M. densiflora (Benth. 1. c.) perennial, branched ; cau-
line leaves oblong-linear, almost quite entire, and toothed ; ra-
cemes dense, subspicate ; calycine segments subulate, exceeding
the capsule a little ; tube of corolla thickish. If.. G. Native
of North Africa, in Clanwilliam district ; Olifant's river, and
Brackfontein, Ecklon. Inflorescence of M. juncea, but different
in habit and foliage.
Dense-flowered Manulea. PI. 2 feet. ?
13 M. parviflora (Benth. I. c. p. 383.) perennial ; stem
erect, a little branched, few-leaved, pubescent; leaves radical,
oblong-spatulate or obovate : cauline ones linear, quite entire or
few-toothed ; racemes elongated, slender, many-flowered, with
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXV. Manulea.
595
a downy racliis ; calyx minute, with linear segments, shorter
than the capsule, which is truncate. %. G. Native of South
Africa, near the Onitata, in the Amaponda country, Drege.
Nearly allied to M. rubra and Af. leiostachys, hut much more
slender, and tube of the corolla scarcely 2 lines long.
SmaU-flonercd Manulea. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
14 M. LEiosTACHVs (Benth. 1. e.) perennial; stem erect, pu-
bescent at the base ; leaves pubescent : lower ones on long peti-
oles, oblong, toothed : superior ones oblong-spatulate or linear,
few-toothed ; racemes many-flowered, elongated, and are, as
well as the top of the stem, quite glabrous ; segments of calyx
linear, obtuse, scarcely shorter than the capsule. 1/ . G. Na-
tive of Soutli Africa, at Cedarbergen, in Clanwilliam and Gna-
denthal, Drege. Taller and moie erect than il/. rubra, with
more numerous and slender flowers, and readily distinguished
by the glabrous and almost glaucous surface of the upper part of
the plant, ex Benth.
Smooth-spiked Manulea. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
15 M. ru'bra (Lin. syst. p. 570. suppl. 286. Thunb. fl.
cap. p. 472.) perennial ; stem erect, decumbent at the base, vil-
lous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, dentate, narrowed at the base,
downy on both surfaces, or villous ; raceme interrupted, a little
branched ; calycine segments linear-oblong, obtuse, about a half
shorter than the capsule ; corolla 3-4 times longer than the
calyx. 1|. G. Native of South Africa, in the Cape flats and
downs, and Hottentotsholland ; very common in Cape collec-
tions. Nemia rCibra, Berg. fl. cap. 160. Maniilea angustifolia,
Link et Otto. pi. sel. hort. berol. 7. t. 20. This species is very
variable in the number of flowers and degree of hairiness.
Flowers half an inch long, or rather shorter, at first golden yel-
low, but at length of a reddish orange-colour.
^erf-flowered Manulea. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1790. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
16 M. obova'ta (Benth. 1. c.) perennial ; stem decumbent at
the base, pubescent ; radical leaves ovate : cauline ones obo-
vate or oblong, coarsely crenated or somewhat cut, pubescent on
both surfaces ; racemes elongated, many-flowered, a little branch-
ed ; calycine segments linear, obtuse, rather shorter than the
capsule ; tube of corolla 2-3 times longer than the calyx. %.
G. Native of South Africa, in Algoa Bay, Forbes and Ecklon.
This plant varies in the breadth of the leaves. Flowers much
more numerous than in M. rubra ; the corollas and capsules not
half the size.
Oiouafe-leaved Manulea. PI. decumbent.
17 M. TOMENTOSA (Lin.
symb. p. 569. mant. 420.
Thunb. fl. cap. 470.) stem de-
cumbent, humble, branched,
tomentosely villous ; leaves
obovate or oblong, toothed,
thick, densely tomentose on
both surfaces ; racemes short,
dense ; segments of calyx lan-
ceolate-linear, villously tomen-
tose, about equal in length to
the capsule. 1/ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 322. bad. Link et
Otto. pi. sel. hort. berol. 45.
t. 19. good. Seligo tomentosa,
Lin. spec. 877. — Plukn. phyt.
t. 319. f. 2. Branches short and
stiff. Racemes 2-3 inches long. Flowers at first greenish-yel-
low, but at length becoming orange-coloured (fig. 56).
Tomentose Manulea. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1744. PI. 1
foot.
FIG. 56.
18 M. THYRSiFLORA (Lin. syst. p. 569. suppl. 285. Thunb.
fl. cap. 4/1.) stem erect, flexuous, branched, finely pubescent;
leaves obovate, coarsely toothed, sraoothish ; raceme panicle-
formed, many-flowered; peduncles loosely cymose ; calycine
segments linear ; tube of corolla slender, 3-4 times longer than
the calyx ; segments of the limb oblong-linear, obtuse. 1/ . ?
G. Native of South Africa, in the Cape district. Raceme or
panicle above half a foot long. Lower cymes opposite : upper
ones alternate, all loosely dichotomous. Corolla slender ; tube
about 3 lines long.
Thijrse-fiowered Manulea. PI. 1 foot.
19 M. panicula'ta (Benth. 1. c.) erect, tall, branched, cloth-
ed with hoary pubescence ; leaves ovate or obovate, coarsely
crenated ; panicle large ; racemes numerous, leafy at base,
many-flowered ; peduncles cymose ; calycine segments oblong-
linear, obtuse ; tube of corolla 3 times longer than the calyx ;
segments of the limb ovate. 1J..1 G. Native of South Africa,
at Stormbergen, and near the Krai river. Stem thick and hard.
Panicle a foot long ; branches erect ; cymes much denser than
in M. thyrsiflora, ex Benth.
Panzc/erf-flowered Manulea. PI. tall.
20 M. turri'tis (Banks, herb. mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) stem
and branches erect, hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong,
deeply toothed, narrowed at the base, hairy on both sur-
faces ; racemes elongated, slender ; flowers fascicled ; segments
of calyx linear, obtuse; tube of corolla slender, 5-6 times longer
than the calyx ; segments linear-oblong, obtuse. If . ? G. Na-
tive of South Africa, on rocks of Nieuwekloof, Dr^ge ; and in
the Cape district. This species is remarkable for the white
hairs of the stem. Racemes and flowers almost like those of
M. leioslachys, but the foliage and habit are very different. It
has the appearance of being occasionally shrubby at the base, ex
Benth.
Tower Manulea. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * * AcuTiFLORi (from acuius, acute ; and^os, a flower ; in
reference to the segments of the corolla being acute.) Benth.
1. c. Racemes compound, or almost simple. Segments of the
corolla all, or the upper ones are subulately acuminated, ex
Benth.
21 M. stella'ta (Benth. 1. c. p. 384.) stem ascending,
pubescent, sparingly branched; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate,
deeply serrated, pubescent ; raceme elongated, compound, loose,
many-flowered ; calycine segments linear-subulate ; tube of co-
rolla 3 times longer than the calyx. h .'f G. Native of South
Africa, on the mountains of the Cape and South Worcester dis-
tricts, Ecklon. An elegant species, with slender, orange-colour-
ed flowers, 3 to 7 on each peduncle.
Stellate Manulea. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
22 M. exalta'ta (Banks, herb. mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) stem
erect, divaricately branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate, deeply toothed, pubescent ; racemes very slender, few-
flowered, interrupted, leafy at the base ; segments of calyx
linear-subulate, but one half shorter than the tube of the corolla.
If . ? G. Native of South Africa, in the Cape and Clanwilliam
districts, Olifant's river, Brackfontein, and Berg-valei, Ecklon.
Branches slender. Peduncles very short, 1-3-flowered, remote.
Flowers half as large as those of M. stellata.
Exalted Manulea. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
23 M. Cheira'nthus (Lin. mant. 88. syst. 569. Benth. 1. c.)
leaves nearly radical, ovate, obovate, or oblong ; peduncles
scape-formed, erect, simple ; racemes compound ; tube of co-
rolla hardly exserted : upper segments of the limb very long
and subulate, ©.or $ . G. Native of South Africa, in vari-
ous places in the western districts from the Cape to Gariep
river in Namaqualand. M. rhynchantha. Link, enum. 2. p.
4 G 2
596
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXXXV. Manulea. LXXXVI. Erinus. LXXXVII. Buddlea.
142. Nemia cheirantlius, Berg. cap. 160. Lobelia cheiran-
thus, Lin. spec. 1319. Cheirantlius Afric^nus, flore luteo,
Comm. hort. 2. p. 83. t. 42. Corolla deep yellow. It is t!ie
great disproportion in length of the 5 divisions of" the corolla of
this species that was the origin of the generic name.
Hand-floner Manulea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795. PI.
1 foot.
24 M. pusi'lla (E. Meyer, mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) leaves nearly
radical, obovate, or oblong, a little toothed ; peduncles nume-
rous, scape-formed, erectish ; racemes nearly simple ; tube of
corolla hardly exserted ; segments of the limb scarcely unequal,
rather shorter than the tube. $ . G. Native of South Africa,
at Zilverfontein in Namaqualand. Very nearly allied to M.
cheirdnthus, but much smaller, and witli very much smaller
flowers.
Small Manulea. PI. i to A foot. ?
25 M. GARiEpfNA (Benth. I. c.) leaves nearly radical, ovate,
obovate, or oblong ; peduncles scape-formed, erect, a little
branched ; raceines compound, many-flowered ; tube of corolla
more than twice the length of the calyx ; segments of the limb
unequal. ^ . ? G. Native of .South Africa, on the plains of the
Gariep, in Namaqualand. This species also comes near M.
cheirdnthus, but differs in the flowers. In both this and the
preceding species the lower segments of the corolla are fre-
quently, and sometimes perhaps all of them, obtuse, so as to
connect the present section with the two first, e-x Benth.
Gariep Manulea. PI. 1 foot. ?
■j- Species described by Thunberg, rvhich Mr. Bentham, who
has mritlen a monograph on the present tribe, has not been able
to refer to any of the above.
26 M. ANTiRRHiNoiDES (Lin. syst. 569. suppl. 286. Thunb.
fl. cap. 469.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated, villous ; heads
globose ; stem erect. ^ . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Snap-dragon-like M.a.rm\esi. PI. 1 foot.?
27 M. virga'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 470.) leaves obovate, ser-
rated, villous ; branches panicled ; flowers alternate, remote.
i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Said to be nearly
allied to M. turritis.
Trviggy Manulea. PI. 1 foot. ?
28 M. cEPHALOTEs (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, erosely ser-
rated, glabrous ; flowers subumbellate. ^ . ? G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope.
Headed Manulea. PI. 1 foot. ?
29 M. hi'rta (Thunb. 1. c. 471.) leaves obovate, doubly
serrated, hairy ; flowers axillary. ^ . ? G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope.
Hairy Manulea. PI. 1 foot. ?
30 M. Thunbe'rgii ; leaves oblong, serrated, tomentose ;
stem erect, haiiy. $ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erinus tomentosus, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 478.
Thunberg's Manulea. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nycterinla, p. 587.
LXXXVI. ERTNUS (epirof, erinos, of Dioscorides, and
Erineon of Pliny; derivation unknown.) Lin. gen. no. 771.
Schreb. gen. no. 1034. Juss. gen. 100. ed. Usteri. p. 112.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 261. t. 55. — Ager^tum, Tourn. inst. 422.
LiN. SYST. Didyndmia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
5-parted, permanent. Corolla fimnel-shaped ; limb equal, 5-
parted ; segments obcoidate. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers
small. Stigma of 2 roundish lobes. Capside small, grooved on
one side, 2-valved, 2-celled ; valves bifid; dissepiment double,
formed by the vent in edges of the valves. Seeds ovate, rugged
from crowded tubercles. — Small, alpine, tufted plants. Radical
leaves rosulate : cauline ones alternate. Stems simple ; the side
ones barren or surculose. Flowers alternate, each rising from
the axil of a bractea, disposed in terminal simple racemes.
Corollas purple or red.
1 E. alpi'nus (Lin. spec. 878.) leaves tufted, spatulate, deeply
serrated, hairy; racemes sub-corymbose. %. H. Native of
the alps of Europe ; as of Germany, Switzerland, Pyrenees,
South of France. Curt. bot. mag. 3. t. 310. Corollas purple.
Far. p, alb'fldra ; plant smaller; flowers white. Tf.. H. —
Barrel, icon. 1 1 92.
Alpine Ermus. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1739. PI. i foot.
2 E. Hispa'nicus (Pers. ench. 2. p. 147.) plant smaller than
the preceding, branched, and glabrous ; leaves tufted, bluntly
serrated; racemes elongated. %. H. Native of Spain, near
Pancorvo, Clemente. Corollas purple.
Spanish Erinus. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1739. PI. i foot.
Cult. These are pretty little alpine plants, and are, therefore,
very desirable for the decoration of rockwork or old walls, for
which purposes no plants can be better fitted, as they grow in
close tufts, and produce their numerous purple blossoms during
most of the summer months. They are either propagated by
division or by seeds ; but they succeed best when allowed to
scatter their seeds.
Tribe VII.
BUDDLIE'^ (this tribe only contains the genus Bud-
dlea.) D. Don. in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 19. July, Oct.
1835. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular; limb
4-5-cleft, equal, spreading. Stamens 4-5, nearly equal, in-
closed ; anthers composed of 2 parallel, distinct cells. Stigma
clavate, 2-lobed. Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment constituted
from the inflexed edges of the valves, inserted in the thick
spongy placenta. Seeds angular, scobiform ; testa loose, mem-
branous. Albumen fleshy. Embryo almost the length of the
seeds ; cotyledons oblong, compressed ; radical very short. —
Shrubs with usually quadrangular branches. Leaves opposite,
reticulately-veined. Flowers terminal, capitate, spicate, or pani-
cled, usually orange-coloured. This tribe is analogous in habit
to many Verhendcece.
LXXXVII. BUDDLE-A (named by Houston after Adam
Buddie, who is often mentioned in Ray's synopsis. His dried
collection of British plants is preserved in the British Museum.)
Houst. phil. trans, et reliq. houst. t. 3. Lin. gen. no 140.
Schred. gen. no. 184. Juss. gen. 118. ed. Usteri, p. 132.
Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 226. t. 49. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 2. p. 345.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as
that of the tribe.
§ 1. Florvers axillary, verticillate.
1 B. sEssiLiFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 345.
t. 182.) branches terete, glabrous ; branchlets and leaves clothed
with hoary tomentum ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed at both ends,
acuminated, quite entire, nearly sessile ; flowers axillary, glome-
rate. I7 . G. Native near the town of Mexico, at the altitude
of 1160 hexapods. Leaves 2-3 inches long, rusty beneath.
Glomerules 3-5-flowered, on short peduncles. Capsule obo-
vate, pilose at top. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, yellow.
SessUe-florvered Buddlea. Tree.
2 B. scoRDioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 183.) branches
terete, and are, as well as the leaves, clothed with white tomen-
tum ; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse, crenated, wrinkled, rusty
beneath ; flowers axillary, verticillate. (7 . G. Native along
with the preceding. Habit of Teucrium scordium. Leaves
greenish above, nearly an inch long, with the scent of sage.
Whorls of flowers globose, size of a large pea. Corolla cam-
panulate, yellow.
SCROPHULARINE^E. LXXXVII. Buddlea.
597
p. 15.) branches divari-
Scord'iumUke Buddlea. Slirub 3 to 4 feet. ?
3 B. verticilla'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 346. t. 184.)
branches terete, glabrous ; branchlets and leaves clothed with
hoary tomentuni ; leaves oblong, acute, narrowed at the base,
on short petioles, rusty beneath, quite entire ; flowers axillary,
verticillate. T; . G. Native of Mexico, between Acaguisotla
and Chilpancingo, at the altitude of 680 hexapods. Branches
clothed with stellate hairs. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Whorls
of flowers globose, dense, size of a sloe. Corolla campanulate,
pale yellow.
/fVior/crf-flowered Buddlea. Shrub.
4 B. Brasilie'nsis (Jacq. fl.
ex Spreng, syst. 1. p. 430. FIG. 57.
Graham, bot. mag. 2713.)
branches tetragonal, clothed
with white tonientum, as well
as the under sides of the leaves ;
leaves oblong, running down
the petioles, connate, crenate-
ly toothed ; flowers axillary,*
crowded, verticillate ; spicate
toward the top. fj . G. Na-
tive of Tropical Brazil. B.
Neemda, Hort. Link, enum. 1.
p. 125. Corollas orange-co-
loured (fig. 57).
Brasilian Buddlea. Fl. Oct.
Nov. Ch. 1822. Shrub 10
feet.
5 B. DivERsiFoLiA (Vahl, symb.
cate, tetragonal ; ? leaves broad-ovate, entire, or repand, gla-
brous on both surfaces, or the younger ones are clothed with
rusty tomentuni ; glomerules axillary, 3-5-flowered, shorter
than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Java. Wall. cat. no. 6416.
Benth. scroph. ind. p. 43. B. I'ndica, Lam. diet. 1. p. 508.
/)ii;eMe-fcai'erf Buddlea. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub.
§ 2. Flowers capitate ; heads usually disposed in terminal panicles.
6 B. GLOBOSA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 507. ill. t. 69. f. 2.) branches
sub-tetragonal, clothed with hoary tomentum, as well as the under
sides of the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate, cre-
nated ; heads terminal, globose, pedunculate. Ij • H. Native of
Chili, in humid places. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 52. t. 83.
Curt. bog. mag. 174. Hope, acad. harl. 20. p. 417. t. 11. B.
capitata, Jacq. coll. 2. p. 332. icon. rar. t. 307. — -Palquin, Feuill.
per. 2. p. 71. t. 38. Leaves 6 inches long, on short petioles,
which are connate at the base, wrinkled, glabrous, and green
above. Heads large ; corollas of an orange, or honey colour.
G/o6ose-flovvered Buddlea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 15 to 20 feet.
7 B. perfolia'ta (FL B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem herbaceous ;
branches quadrangular, and are, as well as the leaves, tomen-
tose ; leaves hoary above, and rusty beneath, oblong-lanceolate,
acute, crenated, connate at the base ; heads terminal, globose.
3/. ? G. Native between lake Chalco and the city of Mexico,
at the altitude of 1170 hexapods. Leaves nearly 3 inches
long. Heads of flowers size of a sloe.
Perfoliate-leaved Buddlea. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
8 B. conna'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 52. t. 81. f. B.)
branches tetragonal, clothed with white tomentum, as well as the
under sides of the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, connate at tlie
base, crenated, acute, scabrous, and green above ; heads ter-
minal, pedunculate, globose. Ij . G. Native of Peru, about
Chancay. Hook, in bot. mag. t. 2853. Stems numerous,
straight. Bracteas linear-subulate. Corollas copper-coloured,
with a villous mouth.
Connate-leaved Buddlea. Fl. May. Clt. 1826. Shrub 5
to 6 feet.
9 B. sfh«ra'ntha (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea, 5. p. 104.)
branches compressedly tetragonal, clothed with soft velvety
tomentum, as well as the leaves ; leaves connate at the base,
sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, crenated, wrinkled, especially
beneath ; heads of flowers bibracteate, pedunculate, axillary.
h . G. Native of Mexico, in Llanos de Perote. Leaves like
those of sage, 2 or 2r, inches long. Heads clothed with golden
tomentum, as well as outsides of corolla. Corollas glabrous
inside.
Round-flowered Buddlea. Shrub.
10 B. polyce'phala (H. B. et Kunth, I. c.) stem herbace-
ous, ? twining, tetragonal, and is, as well as the under sides of
the leaves, clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves ovate, lyrate,
acuminated, crenated, connate at the base ; heads terminal, pani-
cled, globose. %.1 G. Native of Peru, in woody places near
Ayavaca, at the altitude of 1400 hexapods. Leaves lyrate and
connate at the base, beset with rusty hairs above, 7-8 inches
long. Heads size of a cherry. Corolla hardly longer than the
calyx, clothed with rusty tomentum. Capsule obovate. Pani-
cle simple. Said to be nearly allied to B. cannula, Ruiz, et Pav.
Manij-headed Buddlea. Pi. twining.
11 B. Pichinche'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, I.e. p. 317.) branches
terete, glabrous ; branchlets tetragonal, and under sides of
leaves clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, crenated, on short petioles ; heads terminal, panicled,
globose. fj . G. Native on the eastern declivity of Mount
Pichincha, between the cataract of Cantuna and the plains of
Verdecuchu, at the altitude of 1780 hexapods. Leaves gla-
brous above, 2 inches or more long. Heads size of small
cherries, disposed in a simple panicle. Corolla campanulate, a
little longer than the calyx, with reflexed segments. Very like
B. glohdsa.
Pichincha Buddlea. Shrub.
12 B. diffu'sa (Ruiz. et. Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 52. t. 80. f. A.)
subscandent ; branches terete, clothed with yellowish tomentum,
as well as the under sides of the leaves ; leaves sub-petiolate,
ovate, and subcordate, acute, pubescent above ; peduncles axil-
lary and terminal ; flowers capitate, fj . G. Native of Peru,
on the margins of fields, where it is always in flower. Stems
diff'use, much branched, yellowish. Leaves deflexed, quite en-
tire, or furnished with one or two teeth, running into the peti-
oles. Common peduncles solitary, twin, or tern, sessile. Sti-
pulas reniform, reflexed. Corolla yellow, with a villous throat.
Diffuse Buddlea. Shrub diffuse.
13 B. rugosa (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches terete, and
are, as well as the leaves, clothed with rusty tomentum, glabrous
above, wrinkled, lanceolate, acute, crenated, on short petioles ;
heads terminal. Tj . G. Native of New Grenada, in rugged,
frigid places in Parama de Saraguru, near Ona, at the altitude
of 1500 hexapods. Branchlets tetragonal. Leaves 8 inches
long, and | an inch broad. Heads size of a sloe, disposed in a
branclied panicle. Corolla campanulate, a little longer than the
calyx ; segments roundish, reflexed.
JVrinkled-\es.\eA Buddlea. Shrub.
14 B. incVna (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 52. t. 80. f. B.)
branches bluntly tetragonal, and are, as well as under sides of
leaves, clothed with white tomentum ; leaves oblong and lance-
olate, crenated, petiolate ; peduncles terminal, panicled ; flowers
capitate. T; . G. Native of Peru, on the banks of rivers. Pe-
duncles trichotomously divided. Corollas yellow, Stipidas
semicircular.
Hoary Buddlea. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
15 B. e'legans (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 2. p. 594.)
branches terete, tomentose ; leaves lanceolate, acute, bluntly
598
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVII. BroDLEA.
toothed, wrinkled and glabrous above, but tomentose beneath ;
panicle terminal, leafy ; heads hemispherical, terminal. ^ . G.
Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Branches obsoletely and
bluntly tetragonal. Leaves running into the short petioles at
the base : largest ones 5h inches long. Panicle simple. Heads
loose, about the size of cherries. Tube of corolla equal in
height to the calycine segments ; limb obtuse, expanded. Cap-
sule cylindrical. The tomentum of the whole plant is rusty in
the dried state.
Elegant Buddlea. Shrub.
§ 3. Panicle terminal. Flowers spicnte, racemose, glomerate,
or solitary.
16 B. iNTERRu'pTA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 348.) branches
terete, and are, as well as the under sides of the leaves, clothed
with rusty tomentum, the upper surfaces being hoary ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire ; spikes panicled,
verticillate, spreading. \q . G. Native of the Andes of Quito.
Leaves 3 inches, or longer. Petioles 2 lines long. Pnnicle
simple, half a foot long, clothed with rusty tomentum. VVhorles
of flowers globose, distant, size of large peas. Capsule nearly
globose, glabrous, equal in length to the calyx.
Inlerrtqiled-siyiked Buddlea. Shrub.
17 B. BETONic/EFOLiA (Lam. ill. 1. p. 291. no. 1488.) branches
obscurely tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, crenulated,
much wrinkled ; spikes panicled, interrupted, verticillate. ^ .
G. Native of Peru. Stems tubercled. Leaves tomentose
beneath. Branches of panicle opposite ; glomerules verticillate.
Flowers sessile, pubescent.
Betony-leaved Buddlea. Shrub.
18 B. bulla'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches tetragonal,
sraoothish ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base,
crenated, wrinkled, glabrous, and shining above, but clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal, branched ;
flowers glomerate. V^ . G. Native along with the preceding.
Leaves 4-5 inches long ; petioles \ an inch. Panicle trichoto-
nious, sessile, 4 inches long, spreading ; flowers glomerate at
the tops of the branches, on short pedicels. Corolla a little
longer than the calyx ; segments roundish, spreading. Nearly
allied to B. incana, Ruiz, et Pav.
BlisteredAe&yaA Buddlea. Shrub.
19 B. corda'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 185.) branches qua-
drangular, smoothish ; branchlets and under surfaces of leaves
clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves ovate, acute, cordate, cre-
nulated, glabrous above ; panicle terminal, spreading ; flowers
glomerate. Ij . G. Native of Mexico, in the valley of Guan-
axato, near Marfil, at the altitude of 1050 hexapods. Leaves
quite entire at the base, 3-4 inches long ; petioles 1 inch long.
Panicle sessile, trichotomous. Flowers glomerate at the tops of
the branches.
Corrfa(e-leaved Buddlea. Shrub, or small tree.
20 B. longifolia (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 349. t. 186.)
branches quadrangular, smoolhish ; branchlets and under sides
of leaves clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves oblong-lance-
olate, acuminated at both ends, serrately crenidated, glabrous
above ; panicle terminal ; flowers glomerate. Tj . G. Native
of the Andes of Peru, between Villa Montan and Santa Cruz,
at the altitude of 1400 hexapods. Leaves 7-8 inches long, on
short petioles, quite entire towards the base and apex. Panicle
sessile, trichotomous. Flowers sweet-scented. Corolla a little
longer than the calyx. Ovarium and stigma pilose.
Long-leaved Buddlea. Shrub 18 to 20 feet.
21 B. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branchlets tetragonal,
clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute
at both ends, undulately crenulated, glabrous above, but clothed
with fuscescent tomentum beneath; panicle terminal, much
branched, spreading ; flowers glomerate. fj . G. Native of
the province of Quito, in exposed places near Hambato, at the
altitude of 1390 hexapods. Leaves 6-7 inches long, on very
short petioles. Panicle sessile, trichotomously branched ; glo-
merules 6-10-flowered, on short peduncles. Corolla yellow, a
little longer than the calyx.
.S*;)/!! Buddlea. Tree 12 to 18 feet.
22 B. ACUMINATA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 187.) branches
tetragonal, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, acute at the base, serrated, glabrous above, but
clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal, spread-
ing ; flowers glomerate. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, near Santa
Rosa de la Sierra, at the altitude of 1340 hexapods. Leaves
3-4 inches long, on short petioles. Panicle sessile, trichoto-
mous. Flowers on short pedicels. Very nearly allied to the
preceding, and differs from it principally in the leaves being
shorter, acuminated, and serrated.
Acuminatcd-\e?i\eA Buddlea. Shrub.
23 B. decu'rrens (Schlecht, et Cham, in Linnsea, 5. p. 105.)
branches tetragonal, clothed with golden tomentum ; leaves el-
liptic, acuminated, running a long way into the petioles at the
base, somewhat crenately serrated, glabrous above, but clothed
with golden yellow tomentum beneath ; panicles terminal, spread-
ing ; flowers glomerate. Vi . G. Native of Mexico, at San
Andres. Allied to B. acuminata, and is distinguished from it
in the leaves running into the petioles at the base, in the tomen-
tum being more loose, and as if it were furfuraceous or floccose,
yellow in the young state.
Decurrent-\ea.veA Buddlea. Shrub.
24 B. interme'dia (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 350.) branches
tetragonal, pubescent ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends,
serrated, rather pilose above, but clothed with rusty tomentum
beneath ; panicle terminal, branched ; branches short, spread-
ing ; flowers glomerate. J? . G. Native along with the pre-
ceding. Leaves narrowed into the petioles, green, and beset
with stellate hairs above, 2 or 2| inches long. Panicle sessile,
2-3 inches long. Flowers sessile. Corolla twice as long as the
calyx. An intermediate plant between B. acuminata and B.
occidentalis.
Intermediate Buddlea. Shrub.
25 B. occidenta'lis (Lin. spec. 162.) branches bluntly tetra-
gonal ; branchlets and under sides of leaves clothed with fus-
cescent tomentum ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, entire ; spikes panicled ; flowers glomerate. Ij .
G. Native of Peru, near Guamcabamba, in temperate places,
Humb. et Bonpl. ; about Carthagena, Houston ; West Indies, in
gullies and other sheltered places. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 266. t.
49. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 53. t. 82. a. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 2. p. 350. Lam. ill. t. 69. f. 1. Ophioxylon, Plukn.
aim. 270. t. 210. f. 1. Branches twiggy. Leaves 5-6 inches
long. Corolla white, ex Lin. et Bonpl,, but yellow according
to Ruiz, et Pav. ; but the plant of Lin. and Ruiz, et Pav. are
most probably the same, notwithstanding the diflPerence in the
colour of the flowers. Spikes disposed in a terminal panicle.
Western Buddlea. Shrub.
26 B. cALLicAKroiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches a little
compressed ; branches and leaves clothed with hoary tomentum>
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated ; spikes pani-
cled, sub-fastigiate ; flowers glomerate. Tj . G. Native of
Mexico, between Xalapa and the river Chachalacas, at the alti-
tude of 700 hexapods. Leaves 3-4 inches long, beset with
stellate pili above. Spikes disposed in terminal panicles ; glo-
merules opposite, on sliort peduncles. Corolla a little longer
than the calyx. This species is very nearly allied to B. occi-
dentalis and B. Americana, but is distinguished from both by
the size of the leaves, thinner, hoary tomentum ; in the panicle
1
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVII. Buddlea.
5f)t)
bein» 3 times shorter, and in the spikes being approximate and
subfastigiate.
CuUicarpa-ltke Buddlea. Shrub.
27 B. America'na (Lin. spec. 162. amocn. 5. p. 394.) brancli-
lets rather compressed, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, narrowed at the base, serrately crenated,
rather pilose above, but clotiied with yellowish tomentum be-
neath ; spikes panicled ; flowers glomerate. Ij . G. Native
of Peru, on the mountains, Humb. et Bonpl. ; West Indies,
Houston and P. Browne. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 53. t. 82.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 351.— Sloane, jam. 139. hist.
2. p. 29. t. 173. f. 1. — Browne, jam. p. 144. Branches sub-
tetragonal. Leaves green above, 4-8 inches long, and nearly
2-4 broad ; petioles an inch long. Spikes disposed in a termi-
nal panicle, nearly a foot long ; glomerules nearly globose,
size of a sloe, on short peduncles. Corollas yellow. Browne
says, that in Jamaica it is used in emollient baths and fomenta-
tions, and is thought to have all the properties of MulUen.
American Buddlea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub 8 to 12
feet.
28 B. VERBASciFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 351.) branches
tetragonal, compressed at the nodi, and are, as well as the under
sides of the leaves, clothed with yellow tomentum ; leaves
glabrous above, ovate-elliplic, acute at both ends, doubly ser-
rated ; spikes panicled ; flowers glomerate, dense. Ij . G. Na-
tive at the foot of Mount Quindiu, near Ibaque, at the altitude
of 750 hexapods. Leaves 7-8 inches long, and 4-5 broad, on
short petioles. Spikes about 3 inches long, thickness of the
little finger, disposed in a terminal panicle, which is a span long,
and diffuse. Corolla yellow, twice as long as the calyx ; seg-
ments ovate, acute. Capsule ovate, obtuse. Very nearly allied
to the preceding, but ditlers in the form of the leaves.
MuUien-leaved Buddlea. Shrub.
29 B. floribu'nda (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 352.) branches
tetragonal, smoothish ; branchlets and under sides of leaves
clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves smoothish above, ovate,
acuminated, narrowed at the base, serrated ; panicles terminal,
branched, divaricate ; flowers densely glomerate, h . G. Na-
tive of Mexico, near Tasco and Tehuilotepec, at the altitude of
920 hexapods. Leaves green above, 3 inches long ; petioles
1-2 lines long. Nearly allied to B. callicarpoldes and B. Ame-
ricana.
Bundle-Jlowered Buddlea. Shrub.
30 B. DENTATA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches terete;
branchlets and under sides of leaves clothed with rusty tomen-
tum ; leaves glabrous above, ovate-oblong, acuminated, very
narrow at the base, sharply toothed ; spikes panicled ; flowers
glomerate. Ij . G. Native of humid places, on the banks of
the Guayre, near the town of Caraccas, at the altitude of 416
hexapods, where it is called Oja de Qiiesco by the natives.
Leaves 6-7 inches long ; petioles half an inch long. Spikes
2-3 inches long, disposed in a terminal, sessile panicle ; glome-
rules opposite, sessile. Corolla longer than the calyx. Capsule
ovate. This species differs from all others in the toothed leaves.
Toothed-\eaved Buddlea. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
31 B. PARViFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 353.) branches
obsoletely tetragonal, striated, glabrous ; branchlets pubescent ;
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, narrow at the base, crenately ser-
rated, smoothish above, but clothed with fuscescent tomentum
beneath ; panicle terminal, trichotomously much branched, diva-
ricate ; flowers usually solitary, on short pedicels. fj . G.
Native of Mexico, on mountains near the town of Guernavaca.
Leaves 2 inches long, on very short petioles, pubescent above
in the young state. Panicle sessile, 6-8 inches long, with oppo-
site branches and branchlets. Flowers small. Corolla white,
longer than the calyx.
Small-Jionered Buddlea. Shrub or Tree.
32 B. heterophy'lla (Lindl. hot. reg. 1259.) branches te-
rete, woolly ; leaves woolly beneath : lower ones cordate-ob-
long, acuminated, denticulated : superior ones ovate-lanceolate,
almost quite entire ; racemes terminal, panicled, thyrsoid, com-
posed of few-flowered peduncles. Ij . G. Native of South
America. Flowers yellow. Flowering shoots pendulous.
Variable-leaved Buddlea. Fl. May. Clt. ? Shrub 10 to
12 feet.
33 B. microphy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches terete,
glabrous ; branchlets and under sides of leaves clothed with
rusty tomentum ; leaves rather scabrous above, ovate-oblong,
acute at both ends, serrated towards the apex ; panicles termi-
nal, coarctate ; flowers glomerate. I^ . G. Native of Mexico,
in arid places on the burning mount JoruUo, at the altitude of
430 hexapods. B. parvifolia, VVilld. herb. no. 2918. Leaves
hardly an inch long, on very short petioles. Glomerules size of
peas. Corollas white.
Small-leaved Buddlea. Shrub.
34 B. abbrevia'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches terete,
glabrous ; branchlets tomentose : floriferous ones short ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends, serrated, rather scab-
rous above, and clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; panicles
terminal, spreading ; flowers crowded. Ij . G. Native of
Mexico, in grassy places between Pachuca and Real del Moran,
at the altitude of 1340 hexapods; and between San Miguel del
Soldado, and La Joya. Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. ]>.
246. B. brevifolia, Willd. herb. no. 2918. Branchlets downy,
or clothed with rusty toinentum. Leaves green above, 1 to 1 '
inch long; petioles 2-3 lines long. Panicle sessile, sub-trichoto-
mously branched, oblong, 1^ inch long. Flowers on short pe-
dicels, sweet-scented. Corolla white, twice as long as the calyx.
Very nearly allied to the preceding.
^/iO)<-panicled Buddlea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
S5 B. Sunda'ica (Blum, bijdr. p. 743.) leaves petiolate, lan-
ceolate, acuminated at both ends, serrulated : upper ones quite
entire, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; spikes panicled,
interrupted, terminal, elongated ; flowers on short pedicels ;
glomerules generally 3-flowered. f; . G. Native of Java, in
woods, on the mountains in the province of Tjanjor. Said to
be allied to B. occidentalis.
Sunda Buddlea. Shrub.
36 B. acuminatissima (Blum, bijdr. p. 743.) leaves on short
petioles, lanceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, finely denti-
culated, clothed with white tomentum beneath : upper ones
quite entire; spikes terminal, interruptedly glomerate; glo-
merules approximate, usually 3-flovvered ; flowers on short
pedicels. fj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. Allied
to B. Sundaica, and only differs from it in the leaves being
more acuminated, and in the pedicels being shorter.
Very-acuminated-\ea.\(i(l Buddlea. Shrub.
37 B. MissioNis (Wall. cat. no. 6405. Benth. scroph.)
branches pubescent ; leaves oblong, narrowed at both ends,
quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous and smooth above, and pubes-
cent beneath ; panicle ovate-pyramidal, many-flowered ; race-
mules opposite ; glomerules nearly sessile ; corollas slender,
glabrous. Ij . G. Native of the Peninsula of India, at
Wynad.
Mission Buddlea. Shrub.
38 B. panicula'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. ed. Car. 1. p.
412.) arboreous ; branches terete, divaricate, densely tomentose;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, quite entire, rounded or cuneated at
the base, thick, wrinkled, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath,
or on both surfaces while young ; racemes short, dense, a little
branched ; flowers sessile ; glomerules dense, sub-pedicellate.
T7 . G, Native of Nipaul. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Petioles
6'00
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXXXVII. Buddlea.
connected by an elevated line running across tlie branch. Ra-
cemes short and stout, the lowermost ones from the terminal
axils, about 2-3 ijiches long, the others shorter and more sim-
ple, until they become a terminal, elongated raceme ; the wliole
forming an elegant, crowded, attenuated, sessile panicle or thyrse.
Flowers fragrant, white, each glomerule furnished with a pair of
elongated, subulate bracteas, besides some smaller ones under the
exterior calyxes. Tube of corolla 3 times longer than the calyx.
Pankled-Rowered Buddlea. Fl. Feb. April. Shrub or Tree.
39 B. acumina'ta (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 745.) branches sub-
quadrangular, downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated, loosely tooth-
ed, downy beneath ; racemes terminal, very short, tomentose,
panicled. ^. G. Native of India, ex herb. Juss. Leaves
sub-petiolate : lower ones dilated at the base, glabrous above,
almost quite entire. Racemes panicled, clothed with rusty
tomentum. Corolla downy, with an elongated tube, and short
segments. Capsule small, ovate.
Acuminated-leaved Buddlea. Shrub.
§ 4. Racemes or spikes simple, or a Utile branched at the
base, interrupted.
40 B. thyrsoi'dea (Lam. ill. 1. p. 291. no. 1489. encyc. bot.
9. p. 744.) branches terete, yellowish, downy at top ; leaves
lanceolate-linear, acuminated, serrated, sessile, attenuated at the
base, woolly beneath and shining above ; raceme thyrsoid, spi-
cate, terminal, tomentose. t? . G. Native of the South of
Brazil ; Rio Grande do Sul ; Monte Video plenliRd. Cham, et
Schleclit, in Linnsea, 2. p. 594. B. salicifolia, Vahl, symb. 3.
p. 14. — A very elegant shrub. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Cap-
sules ovate, pedicellate. Floral leaves quite entire. Corolla
twice as long as the calyx. Flowers glomerate, nutant.
T/iyrsoid-nowered Buddlea. Fl.? Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 to
6 feet.
41 B. spicA^TA (Ruiz. et. Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 53. t. 81. f A.)
leaves ovate, acute at both ends, serrated ; spiiies very long,
simple. fj . G. Native of Peru, in arid places of Munna.
Branches bluntly tetragonal, clothed with white tomentum.
Leaves petiolate. Flowers verticillate. Bracteas subulate.
Corolla yellow, tomentose outside ; throat hispid.
(Spicate-flowered Buddlea. Shrub.
42 B. GRANDiFLORA (Cham, et Schleclit, in Linnaea, 2. p.
59G.) branches bluntly tetragonal, tomentose ; leaves narrow-
lanceolate, bluntly toothed, wrinkled and tomentose on both sur-
faces ; raceme terminal, leafy ; peduncles 3-flowered. \} . G.
Native of the South of Brazil, in the provinces of Monte Video
and Rio Grande do Sul, in many places, Sello. Habit of B.
elegans. Leaves 5| inches long, and 9 lines broad. Peduncles
rising from the axils of the leaves of the raceme ; flowers sessile
on the tops of the peduncles. Corolla tomentose, with lanceo-
late, obtuse, erect segments ; tube length of calyx.
Great-Jlon'ercd Buddlea. Shrub.
43 B. sTACHYof DES (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 2. p. 597.)
branches tetragonal : angles a little winged, tomentose ; leaves
sessile, cuneated at the base, quite entire, coarsely toothed, to-
mentose beneath, downy above ; raceme terminal ; floral leaves
reflexed. F? . G. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Leaves
6 inches long, and 2| inches broad, clothed with stellate down
above, sessile, and rather connate at the base. Inflorescence
exactly of Slachys Germdnica, 2-3 inches long, reflexed. Lower
flowers subverticillate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ;
with oval-obtuse segments. Capsule elliptic.
Stachys-likc-racemed Buddlea. Shrub erect.
44 B. brachia'ta (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 2. p. 599.)
scandent ; branches brachiate, almost terete, smoothish ; leaves
ovate, obsoletely and unequally toothed, glabrous above, but
clothed with fine tomentum beneath ; racemes or spikes slender,
terminal and axillary ; glomerules distinct. ^2 . ,^. G. Native
of tropical Brazil, Sello. Branches compressed at the nodi.
Leaves 3 inches long, and 1 to Ig broad, tapering into the peti-
oles at base, acute or subacuminated. Spikes slender, 6 inches
long, falsely verticillate, sessile ; peduncles 3-flowered, oppo-
site, propped by reflexed bracteas. Corolla a little longer than
the calyx, with ovate-acute segments. Tomentum rusty. Ova-
rium glabrous.
Armed Buddlea. Shrub climbing.
45 B. macrosta'chya (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 6407. scroph.
ind. p. 42.) branches acutely tetragonal, or winged, hardly to-
mentose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, ser-
rated at apex, glabrous above, but clothed witii hoary tomentum
beneath ; si)ikes interrupted, simple, tomentose; flowers sessile:
lower ones glomerate : superior ones scattered. ^ . G. Na-
tive of Silhet.
Long-spiked Buddlea. Shrub.
46 B. cunea'ta (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p. 17.)
branches obsoletely angular, tomentose, densely leafy, strict ;
leaves opposite, rarely 3 in a whorl, erect, sessile, cuneate-obo-
vate, acutely acuminated, coarsely toothed or crenated in front,
rather wrinkled, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with
white tomentum beneath ; heads of flowers disposed in a spicate
raceme, which is terminal, continuous, and simple or branched
at the base ; bracteas equal in length to the heads ; limb of co-
rolla glabrous. F? . G. Native of Brazil, Sello. Largest
leaves 2 inches long, and 1 broad. Heads 4-12-flowered, on
short peduncles, or nearly sessile. Flowers usually tetrandrous,
but in luxuriant plants pentandrous and hexandrous.
CuncateAeaved Buddlea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
47 B. ve'tula (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p. 18.)
branches bluntly tetragonal, loose, densely leafy, tomentose up-
wards ; leaves sessile, loose, lanceolate, acute or obtuse,
narrowed at the base : lower ones of the branches cuneate-
obovate, very blunt, finely and obsoletely serrated, wrinkled,
glabrous and shining above, and tomentose beneath ; heads of
flowers racemose ; raceme leafy, terminal ; limb of corolla to-
mentose outside. h . G. Native of Brazil, Sello. Heads
dense-flowered, nearly globose. Tube of corolla hardly ex-
ceeding the calycine teeth.
Old Buddlea. Shrub.
48 B. cestriflora (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 8. p. 20.)
branches tetragonal, tomentose ; leaves dilated into a connately
funnel-shaped base, lanceolate-acute, crenated, membranous,
obsoletely wrinkled, tomentose beneath, at length naked above ;
heads racemose ; flowers loose, pedicellate ; racemes terminal,
leafy ; teeth of calyx acuminated, elongated ; corolla exceeding
the calyx, toinentose outside and glabrous inside, f^ . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, Sello. Leaves 7 inches long. Raceme simple or
branched at the base; heads 6-10-flowered, pedunculate.
Cestrum-Jiowered Buddlea. Shrub.
49 B. DISCOLOR (Roth, nov. spec. 83.) arboreous ; branches
almost terete, compressed at the nodi, tomentose ; leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated, subserrated, glabrous above, pale beneath,
or clothed with white tomentum ; spikes interrupted, slender,
simple or panicled ; bracteas lanceolate-linear ; flowers nearly
sessile, subglomerate ; capsules reflexed. tj . G. Native of
Nipaul ; Oude; Rungpur, &c. Wall. cat. no. 1491. B. salicina.
Lam. ill. 1. p. 291.? Blum, bijdr. p. 742. B. Neemda, /S,
Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 6401. H, O. Leaves green above.
Capsule glabrous. ?
Tivo-colottredAeaved Buddlea. Shrub.
50 B. Neemda (Hamilt. in Roxb. fl. ind. ed. car. 1. p. 411.)
arboreous ; branches almost terete, compressed at the axils, to-
mentose ; leaves lanceolate, iubserrated, clothed with fine down
above and white tomentum beneath ; spikes interrupted, simple;
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVII. Buddlea. LXXXVIII. Calceolaria.
GOl
bracteas ovate-lanceolate ; flowers sessile, glomerate ; capsules
erectly sjireading. Ij . S. Native of the Peninsula of India,
Oude, Pcnang, Wall. Deyra Dlioun, Royle. B. serrulata,
Rotli, nov. spec. p. 82. B. subserrata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 92. Leaves 4 8 inches long, on short petioles, which are
joined by a connecting membrane. Spike long, with generally
a small one on each side at the base. Flowers small, pure
white, generally 3-fold. Capsule ovate oblong. The specific
name is an alteration of the vernacular name, Nimda, of the
plant in Chittagong.
Neemda Buddlea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 15
feet.
51 B. Madagascarie'nsis (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 14.) arboreous;
branches nearly terete, densely tomentose ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, almost quite entire, rounded at the base, thick,
wrinkled, glabrous above, but densely clothed with tomentum
beneath ; racemes almost simple ; peduncles scattered, 3-5-flovv-
ered. T^ . G. Native of Madagascar. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2824.
Lam. ill. 1. t. 69. f. 3. Tomentum ferruginous. Leaves 2
inches long, petiolate. Racemes furnished with one or two small
ones at the base. Corolla orange-coloured, with roundish seg-
ments.
Madagascar Buddlea. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 to 12
feet.
52 B. CRi'sPA (Benth. in Wall. cat. no. 6494. scroph. ind.
43.) branches divaricate, densely tomentose ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, crenately curled : lower ones cordate at the base : supe-
rior ones rounded, all thick and wrinkled, clothed with soft
tomentum on both surfaces ; racemes short, dense, a little
branched; flowers sessile; glomerules dense, 'subpedicellate.
I; . G. Native of Oude and Siihet, Wall. ; mountains of Syen,
Royle.
Cio-Zerf-leaved Buddlea. Shrub.
53 B. Asia'tica (Lour. coch. p. 72.) leaves lanceolate-linear,
wrinkled, glabrous, subserrated ; spikes long, terminal, full, h .
G. Native of Cochinchina. Branches ascending. Leaves subser-
rated. Flowers white, disposed in a long uninterrupted spike.
Segments of calyx subulate. Corolla campanulate, with rounded
segments. Stigma longish, bifid. Capsule oblong.
Asiatic Buddlea. Shrub 3 feet.
54 B. DENSIKLORA (Blum, bijdr. 743.) leaves on short peti-
oles, lanceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, acutely serru-
lated : upper ones quite entire, with revolute edges, canescent,
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; racemes terminal, soli-
tary, or by threes ; pedicels many-flowered, drooping. Tj . G.
Native of Java, on the higher parts of Mount Tjeremai, where
it is called Sambung-luna. Allied to B. salici/dlia and B. serru-
lata.
Dense-flowered Buddlea. Shrub.
* * * Species natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
55 B. SALVIFOLIA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 150.) stem tetrago-
nal, tomentose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, cordate, crenated,
wrinkled, tomentose beneath ; panicle composed of interrupted
racemes. h . F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq.
hort. schoenb. 1. p. 12. t. 28. Lantana salvifolia, Lin. spec.
875. Mill. diet. no. 12. Stipulas 2, roundish. Thyrse ter-
minal. Flowers fascicled. Corolla tomentose, with a red tube
and pale limb ; throat bearded. Ovarium beset with stellate
hairs.
Sage-leaved Buddlea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1760, Shrub
3 feet.
50 B. sali'gna (Willd. enum. 1. p. 159.) leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, quite entire, with revolute edges, tomentose beneath ;
corymbs terminal, branched, coarctate ; flowers fascicled. P; .
VOL. IV.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. B. salicifolia, Jacii.
hort. schoenbr. 1. p. 12. t. 29. Schultes, obs. bot. p. 23.
Leaves on short petioles, sinuately undulated, with scabrous
margins. Flowers on short pedicels. Corolla white, with a
square red spot at the base, sometimes purplish. Stamens ex-
serted. Scent of plant heavy.
JVillowy-\ea.\'ed Buddlea. Shrub.
57 B, virga'ia (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 30. fl. cap. 1. p. 542.)
leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, entire ; racemes terminal. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Carro, beneath Rogge-
veld, about river banks. Willd. spec. 1. p. 633. Habit of
Hijssbptis. Branches filiform, and are, as well as the leaves,
clothed with white tomentum. Leaves from a nail to an inch
long.
Twiggy Buddlea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
58 B. iNcoMPTA (Lin. supp. 123. Thimb. 1. e.) leaves in
fascicles, ovate, hoary ; racemes terminal ; branches flexuous,
stiff'. ^2 ■ G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the top of
Roggeveld. Leaves silky, entire, minute.
Undecked Buddlea. Shrub 1 foot.
-j- Species hardly known.
59 B. terna'ta (Lour. coch. p. 72.) leaves ternate, acumi-
nated; peduncles 1-flowered. Fj . G. Native of Cochinchina.
Poir. suppl. 1. p. 746. Leaves lanceolate, serrated. Flowers
white, on axillary, solitary peduncles. Segments of corolla
ovate. Stigma bifid. Nectarium pilose. Capsule 2-celled,
many-seeded.
rerna^e-leaved Buddlea. Shrub 2 feet.
60 B. voLUBiLis (Lam. ill. 1. p. 291. no. 1492.) leaves
linear, acute, quite entire; cymes axillary, clothed with rusty
tomentum ; stem twining. Tj . ^. S. Native of the Island of
Bourbon. Poir. suppl. 1. p. 745. Corolla with a very siiort
tube, and deep 4-partcd limb.
Twining Buddlea. Shrub twining.
Cult. The species of Buddlea are all showy when in blos-
som ; they are, therefore, worth cultivating for ornament. The
B. globusa and B. salvifolia are the only species ascertained to
be almost hardy ; they requiring only a little protection in severe
frosts. A light rich soil answers them best; and cuttings of all
strike root readily in mould, under a hand-glass ; those of the
stove species in heat. All the species are abundant flowerers ;
and the flowers of all are sweet-scented.
Tribe Vin.
CALCEOLARIE'/E. Calyx 4-parted, valvate in aestivation.
Corolla irregular, bilabiate. Stamens 2-4, inserted in the throat.
Cells of anthers diverging at the base, and confluent at apex.
Stigma undivided, capitate. Capsule membranous ; dissepi-
ment constituted from the inflexed margins of the valves ; pla-
centas 2, stipitate, or adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds minute,
with a mucrone-formed umbilicus ; testa membranous. Albu-
men fleshy. Embryo terete, about half the length of tiie albu-
men.— Herbs or subshrubs, natives of Soutli America and the
Cape of Good Hope, usually clothed with glandular pubescence. ■
Leaves opposite, generally undivided, but sometimes pinnate and
pinnatifid. Flowers terminal, usually corymbosely panicled or
racemose, generally yellow, rarely purple. This very natural
tribe forms an osculant group between the Scrophularine<s and
the Gesneriacece, in the aestivation of the calyx being valvate ;
in the valves of the capsule being revolute and placentiferous ;
in the very minute seeds, furnished with a longer umbilical
funiclc ; in habit, inflorescence, and opposite, usually wrinkled,
crenated leaves, and albuminous seeds. The Calceolaria pctio-
4 H
602
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVIII. Calceolaria.
laris, and some others, have sometimes irregular tubular co-
rollas.
LXXXVIII. CALCEOLA'RIA (from calceoltis, a little
slipper ; in allusion to the form of the corolla.) Feuill. per.
3. p. 12. t. 7. Lin. syst. p. 61. Schreb. gen. no. 39. Gsertn.
fruct. 1. p. 290. t. 62. Juss. gen. p. 120. ed. Usteri, p. 135.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. 378. Lam. ill. t. 15.
Lin. syst. Dmndr'm, Monogijnia. Calyx 4-parted, nearly
equal ; upper segment generally a little broader than the rest.
Corolla with a very short tube ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip short,
truncately rounded, entire: lower lip large, concave, slipper-
shaped. Stamens 2, inserted in the base of the tube, short ;
cells of anthers divaricate (one of which is sometimes sterile.)
Stigma simple. Capsule ovate-conical, propped by tlie perma-
nent calyx, 2-celled, septicidally 2-valved ; valves bifid ; pla-
centas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds sulcately angular. —
Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, rarely stemless. Leaves opposite,
sometimes 3 in a whorl, rarely alternate. Peduncles 1 or many-
flowered, alar, axillary or terminal, corymbose. Corolla gene-
rally yellow, rarely purple.
§ 1 . Leaves opposite, pinnate or pinnatijid. Stems leafy. One
of the cells of the anthers separated from the transverse con-
nective : the other sterile or wanting. Herbaceous plants.
1 C. PINNA TA (Lin. syst. 65. mant. 171. act. holm. 1770. p.
286. t. 8.) herbaceous, clothed with clammy hairs; leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets or segments toothed : lower ones pinnatifidly
toothed; peduncles twin or tern, panicled. ©. H. Native of
Peru, in humid places. Curt. hot. mag. t. 41. Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 189. exclusive of the synonymes. Plant much branched.
Leaves petiolate. Calycine segments ovate-cordate, much
spreading. Corolla sulphur-coloured. Ovarium hairy.
Pinnafe-\ea\ed Slipperwort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1773.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 C. ciielidonioi'des (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 2. p. 379.)
herbaceous, hairy ; leaves pinnate at base and pinnatifid at top,
rather hispid above, and glabrous beneath ; leaflets pinnatifidly
cut, sharply serrated, glandularly ciliated ; lateral flowers twin,
and terminal ones subumbellate. ©. H. Native at the foot of
Mount Javirac, near Quito, at the altitude of liOO hexapods.
C. concinna, Willd. herb. Erect, dichotomously branching ;
branches tetragonal. Leaves subpetiolate. Corolla yellow,
glabrous, size of those of C. jiinnata. Ovarium glabrous.
Swallow-wort-like Slipperwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 C. gra'cilis (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 379.) herbaceous,
clothed with clammy hairs ; lower leaves pinnate or ternate :
superior ones nearly simple, serrated, hispid above, but beset
with white hairs beneath ; lateral flowers axillary, twin : ter-
minal ones subcorymbose. ©. H. Native of Quito, on the
banks of the river San Pedro, near Chillo, at the altitude of
1340 hexapods. Herb slender, dichotomously branched ; young
branches red. Leaves petiolate. Corolla pale yellow. Ova-
rium glabrous.
Slender Slipperwort. PI. 1 foot.
4 C. triparti'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 14. t. 22. f. a.)
herbaceous, hairy ; leaves tripartite : lobes ovate, serrated ; pe-
duncles tenninal, corymbose ; pedicels 5-C. ©. H. Native in
the groves of Panatahua. Stem terete, branched. Leaves pe-
tiolate ; the middle lobe the largest. Corolla pale yellow.
TripartiteAe^yeA Slipperwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 C. scabios«:i-6lia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 185.)
prostrate; lower leaves pinnate: superior ones pinnatifid, 3-lobed
or simple : the terminating segment always the largest ; pedun-
cles terminal, corymbose, i; . F. Native of Peru. Sims, hot.
mag. 2405. C. heterophy'lla, Willd. enum. 1. p. 29. C. pin-
nata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 14. t. 19. Calceolaria foliis
scabiosEB vulgaris, Feuill. per. 3. t. 12. f. 1. C. pinnata, (i,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 106. Plant rather hairy. Corollas pale
yellow : lower lip large, ventricose.
Scabious-leaved Slipperwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1822.
PI. trailing.
§ 2. Leaves entire or toothed, radical, usually rosulate. Pedun-
cles scape-formed. Herbaceous plants.
6 C. plantagi'nea (Smith, icon. ined. 1. t. 2. Vahl, enum.
1. p. 172. exclusive of the syn. of Jovell^na scapiflora) stemless,
pubescent ; leaves radical, ovate, rhomboid, rosulate, serrated,
nerved ; scapes generally 2-3-flowered, pilose ; lower lip of co-
rolla large, hemispherical : upper one small, bifid. 2/. F. Na-
tive of the Straits of Magellan ; and of Chili, on the Cordilleras,
&c. Hook. hot. mag. 2805. C. biflora. Lam. ill. p. 52. Co-
rollas yellow.
Plantain-like Slipperwort. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1
foot.
7 C. na'na (Smith, icon. ined. 1. t. 1.) nearly stemless;
leaves oblong-ovate, almost quite entire ; peduncles scape-
formed, 1-flowered; upper lip of corolla large, pendulous. "2^.
F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. C. uniflora, Lam. ill. t.
15. f. 3. Plant decumbent. Leaves hardly \ an inch long.
Peduncles solitary or numerous, 2 inches high. Corolla large,
yellow.
Far. (j ; leaves larger, a little toothed; flowers larger. It .
H. Native along with the species.
Z)n'a)-/ Slipperwort. PI. decuinbent.
8 C. Fotiiergi'llii (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 30. t. 1.) leaves
spatulate, quite entire, pilose above ; peduncles scape-formed,
1-flowered. 2/. F. Native of the Falkland Islands. Lam.
ill. t. 15. f. 1. Curt. hot. mag. t. 348. Cav. icon. 5. t. 442.
f. 1. Tratt. tab. t. 405. C. Neeana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 44.
Stem a little divided near the root. Leaves hardly an inch
long, connate at the base. Peduncles solitary or twin, villous,
clammy. Segments of calyx ovate-acute. Upper lip of corolla
yellowish : lower lip 4 times the size of the upper ones, sulphur
coloured, having the margins spotted with red. Cavanilles's
plant is said to have the leaves crenated.
Fothergill's SV\[^\)er\\on. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1?77. PI. 5
to 5 foot.
9 C. poLYRRin'zA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 25. t. 441.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves cuneiform, serrated a little, acute ; peduncles
scape-formed; pedicels umbellate. 2/. . F. Native of the Falk-
land Islands, in humid places. Under each umbel of flowers
there are 2 small leaves. Segments of the calyx ovate, each
furnished with 3 stripes. Corolla yellow, dotted with red:
lower lip almost an inch long, incurved at top.
Many-rooted Slipperwort. PI. -j to 1 foot.
10 C. monta'na (Cav. icon. 5." p. 27. t. 443. f. 1.) plant
almost stemless ; leaves obovate, unequally toothed, wrinkled,
hoary ; scape dichotomous. 7; . F. Native of the Cordillera of
Chili. Scapes 1| foot high, reddish, twice bifid, with a solitary
1-flowered pedicel in the second fork; lateral peduncles 4-
flowered. There are 2 opposite small leaves under each divi-
sion. Calycine segments 3-nerved.
Mountain Slipperwort. PI. 1;^ foot.
11 C. pinif5lia (Cav. icon. 5. p. 26. t. 442. f. 2.) plant
almost stemless; leaves linear, with revolute edges ; peduncles
scape-formed, dichotomous ; pedicels umbellate. %.¥. Native
on the Cordillera of Chili. Root thick. Stem hardly an inch,
divided near the base. Leaves approximate, an inch long. Pe-
duncles 2 inches long, twice bifid, furnished with 2 leaves under
each division ; middle pedicels 1-flowered: lateral ones 2-flow-
ered. Corolla yellow ; lower lip narrowed to the base.
Pine-leaved Slipperwort. PI. ^ foot.
SCROPHULARINEtE. LXXXVIII. Calceolaria.
603
§ 3. Leaves entire or toothed : radical ones broad, usualli/ rosu-
late. Stems few-leaved, corymbosely wany-Jlomered. Herba-
ceous plants.
12 C. HACEMosA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 29. t. 44S.) leaves oblong,
toothed, wrinkled, tomentose ; peduncles terminal, bifid; pedi-
cels racemose. 1^. F. Native of the Falkland Islands. Stems
terete, tomentose, few-leaved. Radical leaves numerous, rosu-
late. Lateral peduncles bifid, 2-flowered, with the middle
pedicel l-flowered. Lower lip of corolla ovate.
/?nc('w?ose-flovvered Slipperwort. PI. g to 1 foot.
13 C. ca'na (Cav. icon. 5. p. 27. t. 413. f. 2.) leaves cunei-
form, hoary, tomentose, quite entire ; stems ascending; pedun-
cles dichotomous. 1/ . F. Native of Peru. Root thick.
Leaves densely tomentose, 2 a little above the others. Corollas
small, yellow : lower lip narrowed to the base.
Hoary Slipperwort. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
14 C. crenatiflora (Cav. icon. 5. p. 28. t. 446.) leaves
obovate-oblong, unequally serrated, rather tomentose ; lower
lip of corolla crenated. 1/. F. Native of Chili, in humid
places. Hook, bot. mag. 3255. Lindl. bot. reg. 1C09. C. ano-
mala, Pers. ench. 1. p. 16. C. pendula, Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t.
155. Stem bifid at top. Radical leaves many : cauline ones
few : 2 lower ones subpetiolate : superior ones sessile. Pedicels
racemose, l-flowered. Calycine segments ovate. Corolla yel-
low ; lower lip spotted with red. Capsule papery, fulvous.
There are several hybrids between this and other species. See
Siveet, fl. gard. 262.
A^otc/ied-Jlo7vered SVipipcrwort. PI. 1| foot.
15 C. para'lia (Cav. icon. 5. p. 29. t. 447.) leaves unequally
toothed : radical ones cuneated : superior ones oblong, connate,
and are, as well as the capsules, tomentose. 1/ . F. Native of
Chili. C. Paralensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 45. Peduncles axillary
and terminal, dichotomous. Corolla yellow : lower lip of
corolla narrowed towards the throat.
Paralia Slipperwort. PI. 2 feet.
16 C. corymbosa (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 14. t. 20. f. b.)
radical leaves ovate and cordate, petiolate, doubly crenated : cau-
line leaves few, cordate, half stem-clamping. %. F. Native of
Chili, in shady places. Ker. bot. reg. 723. Hook, bot. mag.
2418. Plant hairy. Radical
FIG. 58.
leaves broad, rosulalc, white be-
neath. Stems leafless at bot-
tom, but dichotomous and leafy
at top. Flowers corymbose,
yellow, marked with purple
dots and lines. There are se-
veral garden hybrids reared, be-
tween this and several other
species. 1. C. Gellaniana,
Penny, with dusty copper co-
loured flowers. This is a hy-
brid between C. corymbosa and
C. purpurea. 2. C. hians.
Penny, with yellow flowers. 3.
C. Hopeana, Morrison, with
yellow flowers, a hybrid between
C. corymbosa and C. plantagl-
nca. 4. C. polyantha, Penny,
with yellow flowers ; a hybrid between C. corymbosa and C.
petiolaris. 5. C. Youngii, Penny, in bot. reg. 1448, with och-
raceous and dirty purple flowers ; a hybrid between C. corym-
bosa and C. arac/mo'ulea. (fig. 58.)
Co/(/wi6oM--flowered Slipperwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1822.
PI. 1 to 11 foot.
17 C. purpu'rea (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. bot.
mag. 2775.) herbaceous; stems numerous, erect, branched;
leaves wrinkled, hispid : radical ones cuneate-spatulate, serrated,
quite entire behind, petiolate, acutish : cauline leaves cordate,
decussate : superior ones smaller, and quite entire ; corymbs
terminal, many-flowered. 1/ . F. Native of Chili, on the
Cordilleras. Lindl. bot. reg. 1621. Stems many from the
same root, downy. Leaves with a few long scattered hairs on
their surfaces. Calyx downy. Corolla rather small, of an uni-
form reddish violet colour. Habit of C. corymbosa. There are
several hybrids between this and other species. See Sweet, fl.
gard, n. s. t. 244.
7'H;7j/e-flowered Slipperwort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. I8'.'7,
PI. 1 foot.
18 C. OBLONGA (Ruiz. et. Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 15. t. 24. f. b.)
leaves oblong, serrated, petiolate ; peduncles trifid, with 3-6-
flowered branches ; stem simple. ©. F. Native of the
groves of Panatahua. Root fascicled. Radical leaves nume-
rous : cauline ones few, on short petioles. Calyx hairy. Co-
rolla yellow, dotted with red inside; lower lip large, tricrenate
at the top.
Oblong-leaved Slipperwort. PI. H foot.
19 C. puNi'cEA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 15. t. 24. f. a.)
hairy; stems creeping; leaves oval, serrated; peduncles ter-
minal, bifid, 7-8-flowered ; pedicels umbellate. 11. F. Native
of the groves of Panatahua. Root fascicled. Leaves glabrous
above, on short petioles. Corollas scarlet, glabrous, form of
those of C. oblonga.
(S'car/c<-flowered Slipperwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
§ 4. Leaves toothed, crenated, or serrated, petiolate ; petioles
naked. Stems leafy.
* Herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite.
20 C. serra'ta (Lam. ill 1. p. 51.) erect; branches clothed
with tomentose pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute,
acutish at the base, sharply serrated, finely downy, canescent
beneath ; corymbs terminal, sub-trichotomous ; pedicels pubes-
cent. %. F. Native of Quito, near Chillo, Humb. et Bonpl.
Peru in Canta, Ruiz, et Pav. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p.
381. C. infle.\a, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 16. t. 2.5. f. a. ?
Herb erect, branched. Leaves 1 \ inch long, and 9 lines broad.
Calycine segments ovate, acute. Corolla glabrous, yellow ;
lower lip rcflexed, narrowed at the base.
•S'erra/t'rf-leaved Slipperwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
21 C. divarica'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 381.)
twining ; branches divaricate, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acute, cordate, coarsely and crenately-serrated, ciliated, glabrous,
downy on the veins beneath ; panicles terminal, leafy ; flowers
corymbose; pedicels clothed with glandular pili. %..¥. Na-
tive of Peru, in temperate places near Succhubamba and Aya-
vaca, at the altitude of 1400 hexapods. Leaves \\ inches.
Calyx clothed with glandular hairs, with ovate, acute segments.
Corolla yellow. Ovarium clothed with glandular hairs.
Divaricate Slipperwort. PI. twining.
22 C. ROTUNDiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 382.) stems
simple, 1-2-3-flowered, and are, as well as the leaves, pubes-
cent ; leaves petiolate, roundish, obtuse, coarsely crenated,
convex, thick. ©. H. Native of Peru, in cold places between
Chulucana and Guamcahamba. Stems simple, fleshy. Leaves
I inch long. Calyx downy. Corolla yellow ; throat hairy.
Round-leaved Slipperwort. PI. h to | foot.
23 C. siBTHORPioiDEs (H. B. et Kimth, 1. c.) stems procum-
bent ; branches hispidly pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate-round-
ish, acutisi), cordate, crenately cut, hairy on both surfaces ;
flowers terminal, corymbose ; peduncles clothed with glandular
hairs. %.. F. Native of Peru, in icy places on mount Gual-
4 H 2
604
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVIII. Calceolaria.
gayoc, near the mines of Micuipampa, at the altitude of 1840
hexapods. Leaves membranous. Calyx clothed with glandu-
lar hairs ; segments ovate-oblong, bluntish. Corolla yellow.
Sibthorjna-like Slipperwort. PI. procumbent.
24 C. saxa'tilis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) erect ; branches vil-
lous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, bluntish, rounded at the
base, subcordate, deeply crenated, hairy above, but clothed with
hoary tomentuni beneath ; corymbs terminal ; pedicels pilose.
1/ . F. Native in stony places on Mount Chimborazo, at the
altitude of 1750 hexapods. Leaves 9-10 lines long. Flowers
about the size of those of C. pinndta, copper-coloured. Caly-
cine segments ovate, acute.
Stone Slipperwort. PI. 1 foot.
25 C. lamiifolia (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 383.) stem erect-
ish, and is, as well as the branches, pilose ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acute, truncately rounded at the base, coarsely serrate-
crenated, beset with adpressed hairs on both surfaces, white
beneath; peduncles terminal, generally twin, pilose. %. F.
Native near the town of Quito, at the altitude of 1 490 hexa-
pods. Leaves 1 to 14 inch long. Calyx pilose, with roundish-
ovate, acute segments. Corollas large, yellow, glabrous. This
species is said hardly to differ from C. bicolor.
Dead-netlle-lcaved Slipperwort. PI. 1| to 2 feet.
26 C. ova'ta (Smith, icon. ined. 1. t. 3. Vahl, enum. 1. p.
182.) erect, branched, beset with long, white hairs ; leaves
ovate, obsoletely crenated, or serrated, on short petioles ; pe-
duncles twin, filiform, longer than the leaves. ©. F. Native
of Peru. C. integrifolia, Lin. suppl. 86, but not of his systema.
C. dichotoma. Lam. ill. p. 52. C. biflora, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per.
1. p. IG. t. 20. f. a. Pers. ench. 1. p. 16. Lower branches
opposite : superior ones alternate, dichotomous. Leaves 1 inch
long, obscurely crenated, or quite entire. Peduncles usually
by twos, filiform, longer than the leaves. Corollas small.
OuaJe-leaved Slipperwort. PL | to 1 foot,
27 C. bicrena'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 15. t. 23. f. b.)
erect, branched ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, doubly serrated,
or crenated, tomentose beneath ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
furnished with 2 leaves at top ; pedicels umbellate, hairy, une-
qual, li. ? F. Native of Peru, on the mountains of Cuchero.
Leaves wrinkled. Calyx villous. Corolla large. Upper lip
inflexed : lower one large, both tricrenate at top.
Tv:ice-crenated-\e?i\e& Calceolaria. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
28 C. HETEROPHYLLA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. IG. t. 21.
f. b.) very hairy, erect; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic and sub-
cordate, serrated ; peduncles very long, dichotomous. 1/ . G.
Native of Peru, in groves. Hairs rusty, some of them long
and bristle like, and others shorter and glandular. Stems qua-
drangular ; branches purplish. Leaves roundish, or oblong,
often doubly serrated. Peduncles from the superior axils,
clammy at top; pedicels 1 -flowered, 2 from each fork. Corolla
half open: lower lip large, ventricose.
Various-leaved Slipperwort. PI. 1 to \\ foot.
29 C. loba'ta (Cav. icon. 5. p. 26. t. 443. f. 1.) erect; leaves
cordate, lobate, serrated, clothed with hoary tomentuni beneath ;
stem dichotomous, reddish, pilose ; peduncles terminal, 4 in
number, 2 centre ones 1 -flowered, and the 2 lateral ones 3-flow-
ered. % . F. Native of Peru, in dry places. Leaves peti-
olate, 5-lobed, villous above; lobes short. Petioles very hairy,
a little longer than the leaves. Calycine segments ovate, 3-fur-
rowed. Corolla yellow ; lower lip lined lengthwise, large.
Lohed-\es.veA Slipperwort. PI. 2 feet.
* * Shrubby plants. Leaves opposite.
30 C. lana'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 383.) suffru-
ticose, densely clothed with white tomentum ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-deltoid, acute, cordate, doubly crenated ; corymbs termi-
nal, fastigiate. ^ . G. Native of Quito, in temperate places
between Alausi and Pomallacta, at the altitude of 1300 hexa-
pods. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla large, yellow, smoothish.
Woolly Slipperwort. Shrub.
31 C. strIcta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 380.) shrubby ;
branchlets rather clammy, erect ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate-
oblong, acuminated, narrowed at the base, denticulated, gla-
brous ; corymbs terminal, sub-dichotomous ; pedicels clammy.
Tj . G. Native of New Granada, in temperate places between
the river Vinajacu and the city of Loxa, at tiie altitude of 1 100
hexapods. Branches smooth, reddish, clammy while young.
Leaves glabrous, paler, and rather clainmy beneath, 4 inches
long. Calyx rather clammy. Corolla yellow, glabrous. Ova-
rium glabrous.
Strict .Slipperwort. Shrub.
32 C. PADIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) shrubby ; branchlets
rather clammy ; leaves petiolate, oblong, or ovate oblong, acu-
minated, acute at tlie base, toothed, glabrous ; flowers terminal,
corymbose ; pedicels rather clammy. ^i . G. Native of Peru,
near Ayavaca, at the altitude of 1400 hexapods. Branches
tetragonal, smooth, glabrous. Leaves about 2 inches long, pale
beneath. Calycine segments ovate, acute. Corolla yellow,
glabrous. Capsule glabrous.
Bird-cherry-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub.
33 C. defle'xa (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 18. t. 30. f. b.)
shrubby ; branchlets clammy, purplish ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, serrated, canescent beneath ; peduncles axillary and
terminal ; pedicels umbellate, villous. Pj . G. Native of Peru,
in Caxatamba, near water falls. Leaves deflexed, on short
petioles, shining above : floral ones quite entire. Peduncles
twin. Corolla of a coppery yellow colour ; lower lip ventricose,
incurved.
Dejlexed-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
34 C. viscosA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 18. t. 30. f. a.)
the whole plant resinous and clammy ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acute, serrated, canescent beneath ; peduncles axillary and
terminal ; pedicels umbellate ; calyx tomentose. f? . G. Na-
tive of Peru, on the Alps. The plant is bitter, with the scent
of Teucrium Marum. Pedicels and calyxes tomentose : middle
ones 1- flowered: lateral ones 3-flowered. Corollas yellow.
Clammy Slipperwort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
35 C. FLEXtJosA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 17. t. 26. f. a.)
shrubby, rough, beset with glandular villi ; branches flexuous ;
leaves cordate, unequally and bluntly crenated, petiolate, remote,
rough above ; peduncles axillary and terminal, many-flowered ;
pedicels umbellate. Ij . G. Native of Peru, among the debris
of rocks, in the valley of Canta. Corolla yellow : lower lip
large, ventricose.
Flexuous Slipperwort. Shrub.
36 C. niva'lis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 381.) shrub-
by ; branches and leaves glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acute, acutish at the base, crenately serrated, rather coriaceous,
yellowish beneath ; corymbs terminal ; flowers umbellately fas-
cicled ; pedicels hairy. fj . G. Native on Mount Assuay,
near Los Paredones, and the plains of El Pullal, at the altitude
of 1980 hexapods, in frigid places. Leaves 9-11 lines long;
petioles hairy. Calyx hairy, with ovate, acute segments. Co-
rolla yellow, glabrous. Capsule glabrous.
Snony Slipperwort. Shrub 3 feet.
37 C. scA-BRA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 19. t. 29. f. a.)
shrubby, hispid, of a rusty colour ; leaves nearly sessile, ob-
long, lined, toothed, hispid ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
solitary, 1-flowered, length of leaves, l^ . G. Native of Peru,
among broken rocks. Stem rough, twiggy. Leaves approxi-
mate, with revolute edges. Corolla yellow ; both lips incurved :
lower one large.
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVIII. Calceolaria.
605
Scabrous Slipperwort. Shrub 3 feet.
38 C. Herbertia'na (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1313.) shrubby,
much branched ; leaves oblong, wrinkled, crenated, pubescent,
petiolate, same colour on both surfaces ; peduncles terminal,
corymbose, pilose. I? . F. Native of Chili. Stem pilose.
Lower leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, petiolate : upper ones ses-
sile. Lower lip of corolla very large. Corolla yellow, spotted
inside.
Herbert's Slipperwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub 2 to
3 feet.
39 C. pulveuule'nta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 19.) shrub-
by ; branches clothed with rough canescent powder ; leaves on
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, dentately serrated ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, generally 4-flowered. f; . G. Native of
Peru, in Canta, among broken rocks.
Pondery Slipperwort. Shrub 6 feet.
40 C. SALiciFOLiA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 18. t. 19. f.
b.) shrubby, quite glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated,
shining, and clammy above, but wrinkled and grey beneath ;
pedimcles terminal, twin ; pedicels 4 : middle ones 1 -flowered,
and lateral ones 3-tlovvercd. I^ . G. Native of Peru, in boggy
and stony places. Branches clammy and resinous. Leaves
spre.Tding, or deflexed, very like those of Salvia officinalis.
Corolla large, clothed with glandular villi : lower lip crenated at
top.
Willow-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 6 feet.
41 C. cuNEiFORMis (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 19. t. 27. f.
b.) shrubby ; branches scabrous, rusty ; leaves approximate,
cuneiform- ovate, deeply serrated, lined above, and clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; corymbs terminal. P; . G. Native
of the alps of Canta, Tarma, &c. Calyx yellowish. By chew-
ing tlie leaves the saliva becomes yellow.
JVedge-furmedAeaved Slipperwort. Shrub 2 feet.
42 C. involu'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 15. t. 23. f. a.)
shrubby ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute, serrated, gla-
brous ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1 -flowered ; corolla
involute. Tj . G. Native of Panatahua, in forests. Plant
glabrous. Peduncles 2-3 together from the a.xils of the superior
leaves. Caly.x reflexed. Corolla yellow, large, covering the
calyx.
Involule-fiov/ered Slipperwort. Shrub 3 feet.
* * * Shrubby iilanls. Leaves opposite, and 3 in a rvhorl,
43 C. bIcolor (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 16. t. 25. f. b.)
shrubby ; leaves petiolate, opposite, and 3 in a whorl, ovate,
biserrated, wrinkled ; peduncles axillary and terminal, subdicho-
tomous. t; . G. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta.
Plant hairy. Branches dependent, bluntly tetragonal, of a
rusty purple colour. There are 2-3 sessile leaves under the
peduncles, and 2 under the pedicels, which are clothed with
glandular villi. Corolla with a white base, and yellow apex :
lower lip inflexed, narrowed at the base.
Trvo-coloured-dowereA Slipperwort. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt.
1829. Shrub 2 feet.
44 C. DiFFu'sA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1374.) suff^ruticose, procum-
bent ; leaves cordate-ovate, coarsely and doubly serrated, peti-
olate, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, hoary beneath ; peduncles ter-
minal and axillary, corymbose. Ij . F. Native of Peru, at Canta,
Cruckshanks. C. bicolor, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. oct.
1830. p. 366, but not of Ruiz, et Pav. Branchlets and leaves
rather downy. Pedicels pilose. Corolla having the lower lip
bent over the upper, with a wliite base and yellow apex. This
is probably nothing more than the C. bicolor of Ruiz, et Pav.
Diffuse Slipperwort. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1829. Shrub proc,
45 C. tJNiFLORA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 16. t. 20. f. c.)
shrubby, much branched ; leaves on short petioles, opposite.
and 3 in a whorl, ovate, serrated, downy ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, 1-flowered, each furnished with 2 quite entire leaves in
the middle. fj . G. Native of Peru, in 'I'arma, at Cura. C.
monanthos, Poir. suppl. 1. One side of branches purplish.
Leaves generally 3 in a whorl. Flowers small.
One-Jlorvered .Slipperwort. Shrub.
46 C. denta'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 18. t. 29. f. b.)
shrubby ; branchlets hairy ; leaves opposite, and 3 in a whorl,
ovate, sharply and doubly toothed, glabrous in the adult state ;
peduncles terminal, twin, bifid, with a 1-flowered pedicel in the
fork ; pedicels racemose, secund. h . G. Native of Chili, in
woods. Corollas yellow, form of those of C. scabra. Shrub
much branched, clammy, with the taste of Peruvian bark.
Too/Aerf-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub.
47 C. virga'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 20. t. 31. f. a.)
shrubby ; branches twiggy, purplish : leaves on short petioles,
opposite, and 3 in a whorl, ovate, bluntly serrated, pubescent;
peduncles axillary and terminal, many-flowered. tj . G. Na-
tive of Peru, on the route to Canta. Stem purple. Branches
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, twiggy, brittle, purplish. Leaves
spreading, obtuse. Corolla small, villous at the base.
Twiggy Slipperwort. Shrub 2 feet.
48 C. angustiflora (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 17. t. 28. f.
a.) shrubby ; leaves on short petioles, opposite, or 3 in a whorl,
ovate-lanceolate, sharply-serrated, pubescent ; peduncles axillary
and terminal, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, generally 4-Howered,
shorter than the leaves ; upper lip of corolla very narrow at the
base. Pj . G. Native of Peru, in the vallev of Canta, towards
Obrasillo. Hook. bot. mag. 3094. Much branched ; branches
opposite, or 3 in a whorl. Peduncles collected into a terminal
panicle. Corolla small, dotted with purple inside.
Narrow-fiowered Slipperwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1830. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
49 C. verticilla'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 17.) shrubby,
glabrous; leaves 3 in a whorl, cordate, acute, serrated, on short
petioles ; peduncles 4-flowered, axillary. T^ . G. Native of
Peru, among broken rocks in the valley of Canta. Branches
chaff'-coloured. Peduncles furnished with a single leaf under
each twin pedicel.
/f7(or/ed-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
50 C. TERNIFLORA (Cav. icou. 5. p. 30. t. 450. f. 2.) shrub-
by ; leaves petiolate, 3 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, serrated ;
peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered. fj . G. Native of
Peru. Stem brownish-violet ; branches 3 in a whorl. Leaves
glaucous : superior ones sessile ; 2 at the base of the pedicels.
Calyx larger than in the preceding. Lower lip of corolla nar-
rowed to the base Perhaps not distinct from Cglaxica.
Tern-Jlowered Slipperwort. Shrub 3 feet.
51 C. GEMELLiFLORA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 30. t. 450. f. 1.)
shrubby; leaves petiolate, 3 in a whorl, ovate-serrated, nearly
sessile ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 2-flowered, shorter than
the leaves, h . G. Native of Peru, among stones. Stem branched.
Leaves acute, glaucous, 2 at the base of the pedicels. Lower
lip of corolla narrowed towards the throat. Perhaps not distinct
from C. angustijlora.
Twin-Jlowered Slipperwort. Shrub 2 feet.
52 C. MULTiFLORA (Cav. icou 5. p. 29. t. 449.) shrubby,
villous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, serrated, nearly sessile ;
peduncles branched, terminal, panicled. fj . G. Native of
Peru, in dry places towards Lima. Branches obscure, purple.
Leaves subcordate. Panicle a foot long. Segments of calyx
3-nerved. Lower lip of corolla narrowed towards the throat.
Many-Jlowered Slipperwort. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
53 C. GLAu'cA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 17. t. 27. f. c.)
shrubby ; leaves opposite, and 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, une-
qually serrated ; peduncles 3-4, umbellate, 3-flowered, furnished
606
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVlII. Calceolaria.
with narrow-lanceolate leaves at the base. 1; . G. Native of
Peru, on the route to Canta. Branches opposite, and 3 in a
wliorl, purplish. Leaves on short petioles, glaucous above.
Corolla yellow, spotted with purple inside. Filaments broad
at the base.
Glaucous-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 2 (o 3 feet.
54 C. TRiFiDA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 17. t. 26. f. b.)
shrubby ; leaves cordate-ovate, bluntly serrated, canescent be-
neath : lower ones opposite, petiolate : upper ones 3 in a whorl,
sessile, and beset with glandular villi ; peduncles axillary and
terminal ; 3-8-flowered. Vj . G. Native of Peru, in shady
places near the waters of Cheuchin. Stem almost glabrous.
Petioles connate.
Trifid Slipperwort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
§ 5. Leaves serrated, or toothed, petiolate; petioles membranace-
ously winged. Stem leafy.
55 C. PEEFOLiATA (Lin. suppl. 86. Smith, icon. ined. 1. p.
4. t. 4.) herbaceous ; branches pilose ; leaves triangularly sagit-
tate, acute, doubly serrated, cut, hairy above, but clothed with
tomentose pubescence beneath, and hoary ; petioles inembran-
ously winged, connate; corymbs terminal, sub-dichotomous ;
pedicels pilose. %. or ^ . G. Native of New Granada and
Peru. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 15. t. 21. f. a. Mutis amer.
1. t. 3. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 384. Leaves
14^ to 2 inches long. Corollas yellow, glabrous. Ovarium
]iilose. The phint of Ruiz, et Pav. is said by them to be
clothed with clammy villi ; and the leaves are said to be spatu-
lately sagittate.
Perfuliate-\e&ved Slipperwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
56 C. TOMENTosA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 15. t. 22. f. b.)
herbaceous ; branches downy ; leaves spatulately cordate, un-
equally serrated, tomentose beneath ; petioles membranously
winged, connate ; corymbs terminal, downy. 11.1 $ G. Na-
tive of Tarma and Cuchero, in Peru. Stem glabrous, branched.
Leaves pubescent above. Pedicels umbellate. Corolla large,
yellow.
Tomentose Slipperwort. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
57 C. PETioLA~Ris (Cav. icon. 5. p. 30. t. 445.) plant herba-
ceous, branched, downy ; lower leaves tapering into the winged
petioles, doubly toothed : superior ones ovate, subcordate, ses-
sile, connate, dentately serrated : floral ones quite entire ; ra-
cemes solitary and axillary, or terminal and twin, or by threes ;
pedicels, calyxes, and ovarium, clothed with glandular villi ;
both lips of corolla nearly equal. ^ . or 1/ . G. Native of
South America, in Guayaquil. C. connata. Hook. bot. mag.
287C. C. floribiinda, Lindl. bot. reg. 1214. but not of Kunth.
C. paniculata, Herbert. Boe'a alata, Pers. ench. I. p. 15.
Plant more downy at top than bottom, clammy. Leaves 7
inches long, and 4 broad, ovate, acutish. Common peduncles
bifid below the middle, and each branch is again cleft. Corolla
pale yellow, doviny.
Petiolar Slipperwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
58 C. rug6sa (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 19. t. 28. f. b.)
shrubby ; leaves lanceolate, unequally serrated, wrinkled, downy ;
petioles winged, connate ; corymbs terminal. I7 . G. Native
of Chili. C. scabioseefolia. Nee. Plant downy at top. Leaves
attenuated at both ends. Corolla yellow. Habit of Salvia
officinalis. Lower lip of corolla narrowed at the base.
Wrinkled-\e?i\eA Slipperwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
Shrub 2 feet.
59 C. ARACHNOiDEA (Graham, in edind. pliil. journ. sept.
1828.) stem herbaceous, branched, spreading, clothed with white
cobvvebbed wool, as well as the leaves and other parts, except
the corolla ; leaves lingulately-oblong, a little toothed, narrow-
ing downwards into long winged petioles, which are connate at
the base ; peduncles terminal, twin, elongated, dichotomous.
Tj . G. Native of Chili. Hook. bot. mag. 2874. Lindl. bot.
reg. 1454. C. tinctoria. Gillies, mss. Leaves with the petioles
5 inches long, wrinkled ; the 2 uppermost leaves smaller than
the others, sessile, cordate-ovate, placed at the origin of the
peduncles. Corolla of a uniform dull purple. There are several
hybrids lietween this and other species. See Sweet, fl. gard. n.
s." t. 227.
Cobivebbed Slipperwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI.
1 foot.
60 C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Liu. in act. holm. 1770. syst. ed. 13th.
p. 61.) shrubby ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, denticu-
lated, wrinkled, opaque, rusty beneath ; petioles winged, con-
nate ; stem and calyxes downy ; panicles terminal, corymbose,
pedunculate. h . G. Native of Chili. Corolla yellow.
I'ar. ft, intcgrifolia (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
39.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply denticulated. V^ . G. Na-
tive of Chili. C. intcgrifolia, Lindl. bot. reg. 744. C. rugosa,
Hook. bot. mag. 2523. exot. bot. 99, but not of Ruiz, et Pav.
C. salvisefolia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 15. Cham, et Schlecht, in
Linnaea, 2. p. 565. Chacaul, Feuill. per. 13. t. 7.
Far. y, angusiifoUa (Lindl. bot. reg. 1083.) leaves atte-
nuated at both ends, coarsely denticulated ; panicles on long
peduncles, h^ . G. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso.
Var. i, viscosissima (Hook. bot. mag. t. 8214.) the whole
plant clothed with viscid pubescence ; leaves larger and broader.
I^ . G. Native of Chili. C. viscosissima, Lindl. bot. reg. 1611.
Entire-leaved ^Wf-pexwon. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1822. Shrub
2 to 3 feet. -
61 C. asce'ndens (Lindl. bot. reg. 1215.) suffruticose, as-
cending ; leaves ovate, petiolate, wrinkled, denticulated, pubes-
cent : lower ones acute at the base ; petioles winged, connate ;
corymbs umbellate, few-flowered, branched a little, on long
peduncles. Tj . G. Native of Chili, on the Cordilleras. Stem
pilose. Upper leaves sessile. Flowers large, of an orange
yellow colour. Calyxes roundish, tomentose. Said to be nearly
allied to C. intcgrijolia and C. rugosa.
Ascending Slipperwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826. Shrub
1 to U foot.
62 C. Chiloe'nsis (Lindl. bot. reg. 1476.) shrubby ; stem,
calyxes, and bracteas beset with glandular hairs ; cauline leaves
oblong-lanceolate, undulated, sharply toothed, downy on both
surfaces, tapering into the petioles, which are winged and con-
nate at the base : superior leaves quite entire, ovate, acuminate,
sessile ; inflorescence cyniose, many-flowered, axillary and ter-
minal. Tj . F. Native of the Island of Chiloe, on the south
coast of Chili. Corollas yellow.
C/»/oe Slipperwort. Fh July, Sept. Clt. 1831. Shrub 2 feet.
63 C. POLIFOLIA (Hook. bot. mag. 2897.) suflfruticose, clothed
with white wool in every part ; leaves ovate, or oblong, cre-
nated, tapering into the petioles, which are connate at the base ;
peduncles elongated, terminal, dichotomous ; flowers corymbose.
b . G. Native of Chili, on the Cordilleras, and elsewhere in
the same country. Upper lip of corolla small, pale yellow :
under one deep yellow. Calyxes 3-nerved.
PoUum-leuved Slipperwort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826.
Shrub 1 foot.
§ 6. Leaves sessile. Stems leafy.
64 C. se'ssilis (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 18.) suffruticose ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, crenated, wrinkled, canescent
beneath ; corymbs panicled, terminal, dichotomous ; lips of co-
rolla nearly equal, ventricose. Tj . G. Native of Chili, in arid
places. Lindl. bot. reg. 1628. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 3. t. 220.
Stem branched. Pedicels elongated. Corolla yellow, glandular.
^fssi/c-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 2 feet.
1
SCROPHULARINE^. LXXXVIII. Calceolaria.
go;
65 C. crena'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 556 ) shrubby ; brandies
villous ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, sessile, crenated, hoary be-
neatli, and villous above ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
longer than the leaves, clothed with clammy villi, like the pedi-
cels and calyxes; pedicels scattered, subcymose. h . G. Na-
tive of Peru. Leaves 1;t inch long, similar to those of Rhindn-
tfiiis crhtagdlli.
Crcna(id-\ca.\eA Slipperwort. Shrub.
66 C. AMPLExicAULis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. anier. 2. p.
384. t. 171.) suflVuticose branches; leaves stem-clasping, ovate
oblong, acuminated, cordate, crenately-serrated, and are, as well
as the pedicels, pilose ; corymbs terminal ; flowers umbellately
fascicled, 't • G. Native on the banks of the river San Pedro,
between Chillo and Conocato, at the altitude of 134-0 hexapods.
Leaves pale beneath, about 3 inches long, at length leflexed.
Corollas yellow, glabrous. Ovarium glandular.
Stem-clasping-\e&\ei\ Slipperwort. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
67 C. floribu'nda (H. 13. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 385.) suffruti-
cose ; branches and pedicels beset with glandular clammy hairs ;
leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, acuminated, cordate, denticu-
lated, hairy beneath ; racemes bifid, panicled, or corymbose ;
flouers usually twin. Tj . G. Native near the town of Quito,
at tlie altitude of 1490 hexapods. Leaves smoothish, and
green above, and pale beneath, and clammy, 2 inches long.
Flowers small, sub-secund. Calyx villous. Corolla glabrous,
orange yellow. Ovarium pilose.
Dundle-JloKered Slipperwort. Shrub.
6S C. THYRsiFLORA (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. sept. 1828.
bot. mag. 2915.) shrubby, branched, clammy, glabrous ; leaves
linear, attenuated at both ends, lined, serrate-toothed, sessile ;
thyrse terminal, crowded ; peduncles compound, umbellate. !•; .
G. Native of Chili, about Mendoza. Branches rather rough,
and obscurely glandular. Leaves 2 inches long, and 2 lines
broad, distinctly serrated ; teeth reflexed. Flowers yellow,
crowded, glabrous outside, and downy within.
Thyrse-Jtoii'cred Slipperwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 7. Leaves entire, or quite entire. Stem leafy.
69 C. rosmarinifolia (Lam. diet. 1. p. 556.) suffrutieose ;
branchlets pilose ; leaves sessile, connate at the base, linear,
narrowed at ajjex, with quite entire and revolute edges, rather
coriaceous, glabrous above, and clothed with golden tomentum
beneath ; flowers umbellately corymbose, paniculately disposed ;
pedicels beset with glutinous hairs. ^. G. Native at the foot
of Mount Chimborazo, near the Lake Ganacoche, at the altitude
of 1800 hexapods ; and of Chili, on the Cordilleras. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 385. C. ferruginea, Cav. icon. 5. p. 27.
t. 445. f. 1. Branches terete, violaceous. Calyx pilose, clammy.
Corolla yellow, glabrous : lower lip large.
Rosemary-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
70 C. GRAMiNiFOLiA (H. B. ct Kunfh, nov. gen. 2. p. 386.)
suffrutieose, erect ; branches nearly glabrous ; leaves sessile,
linear, narrow-acuminated, with quite entire and revolute edges,
glabrous and rather clammy above, but clothed with hoary
tomentum beneath ; corymbs terminal, trilidly sub-dichotomous ;
pedicels hairy. Pj . G. Native of Quito, in the valley of
Tarquo. Branches terete, compressed at the nodi. Leaves 4-
5 inches long, and 2^ lines broad. Calyx hairy. Corolla
glabrous, yellow. Very like the preceding.
Grass-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
71 C. LAVANDL'L.EFOLIA (H. B. et. Kuntli, 1. c.) suffruticosc ;
branchlets hairy; leaves sessile, linear, bluntish, with qin'te
entire and revolute margins, smoothish above, but clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; flowers terminal, corymbose ; pedi-
cels clammy. fj . G. Native in hollows or valleys on Mount
Pichincha, and Paramo de Assuay, at the altitude of 1560 hexa-
pods. Branches terete. Leaves 9-10 lines long, and 1 tn li
lines broad. Corolla yellow, glabrous. Only to be distinguished
from the preceding by the size of the leaves.
Lavender-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub.
72 C. HYSsoriFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) shrubby; branchlets
and pedicels beset with clammy hairs; leaves almost sessile,
narrow-linear, bluntish, with entire and revolute edges, glabrous
on both surfaces, clammy above ; flowers terminal, corymbose.
T^ . G. Native at the foot of Mount Chimborazo, near Calpi
and in the plains of Luisa, at the altitude of 1640 hexapods
Much branched ; branches terete. Leaves pale beneath, 9-10
lines long. Distinguished from the preceding by the leaves
being glabrous on both surfaces.
Hyssop-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
73 C. HELIANTHofDES (H. B. Ct KuUtll, 1. C. p. 387.)
shrubby ; branches and pedicels clothed with canescent down ;
leaves nearly sessile, and nearly oblong, acute at both ends,
quite entire, glabrous ; flowers terminal, subcorymbose. h . G.
Native of Paramo de Saraguru, in cold places between the river
Uduchapa and the city of Loxa. Leaves oblong or lanceolate-
oblong, 6-9 lines long, and 2i to 4 lines broad, pale beneath.
Pedicels puberulous. Corolla yellow, glabrous.
Surtflower-Uke Slipperwort. Shrub 1 to 1^ foot.
74 C. ericoi'des (Juss. ex Vahl, enum. 1. p. 190.) shrubby,
much branched ; branches crowded, and are, as well as the
leaves, hairy on both surfaces ; leaves small, sessile, linear, with
entire and revolute edges; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-3-
flowered, hairy. H . G. Native of Quito, in stony places on
Mount Pichincha, at the altitude of 1780 hexapods. Leaves
4-5 lines long. Corollas small, yellow, downy. Ovarium
hairy.
Heath-like Slipperwort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
75 C. linea'ris (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 19.) shrubby,
much branched ; leaves linear, with quite entire and revolute
edges, sessile ; peduncles axillary, l-flowered, pubescent. I- .
G. Native of Peru, on the declivities of the hills of Xauxa.
Leaves shining above. Calyx rather tomentose. Corolla yellow.
Linear-leaved Slipperwort. Shrub.
76 C. arge'ntea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 387. t.
170.) shrubbv, and clothed with white tomentum ; leaves petio-
late, nearly oblong, acute at both ends, quite entire ; flowers
terminal and axillary, usually solitary. Tj . G. Native of
Peru, in Paramo de Guamami, between Gualcaquillo and
Guamcabamba, in shady places. Branches purple. Leaves 4-6
lines long. Corolla large, yellow, glabrous.
Silvery Slipperwort. Shrub 1 foot.
77 C. lanceola'ta (Cav. icon. 5. p. 27. t. 444. f. 1.) branch-
ed a little; leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire: radical ones
petiolate : cauline ones sessile, acute at both ends ; peduncles
terminal, solitary, 1 -flowered. If.. F. Native of the Ma-
clove Islands. Corolla yellow ; upper lip very short : lower
one long, and narrowed to the base.
Lanceolate-leaved Slipperwort. PI. ^ foot.
78 C. a'lba (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 19. t. 27. f. b.) suf-
frutieose, clammy and resinous, simple; leaves linear, remotely
serrated; peduncles racemose, dichotomous. fj.G. Native of
Chili, on arid bids. Leaves frequently very narrow and sessile,
scabrous on the margins, with fascicles of leaves in the axils.
Peduncles elongated : partial ones opposite, twice or thrice
divided. Pedicels solitary in the first division, twin in the
second, and three in the third. Corollas white. Odour of rose-
mary.
JFhite-Honered Slipperwort. Shrub.
79 C. alternifolta (Cav. icon. 5. p. 28. t. 445. f. 2.) stem
and under sides of leaves tomentose ; leaves linear, alternate,
608
SCROPHULARINEiE. LXXXIX. Jovellana. XC. B^a. XCI. Hemimeris.
with entire, revolute edges ; peduncles axillary, 3-flov\eied.
■2i . ? G. Native of Peru. Leaves sessile, hardly an inch long.
Peduncles towards the tops of the branches ; with 2 leaves at
the base of the pedicels. Lower lip of corolla gradually narrow-
ing towards the base.
Alternate-leaved Slipperwort. PI. 2 feet.
Cull. C'alceuloria is a genus of very showy plants, and
great favourites at present with gardeners and others. Some
of tliem are annual, others perennial, but the greater mass
are shrubby. All of them thrive well in light rich soil, or a
mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; giving them the treatment of
other greenhouse plants. Tliey readily increase by young cut-
tings, under a hand-glass ; and also by seed, which ripens plen-
tifully in this country. By impregnating the stigma of one sort
with the pollen of another, many very beautiful hybrids have
been reared in the gardens. The seeds of the annual kinds
should be reared in a hot-bed, in spring ; and when the plants
are of sufficient size, they should be set separately in pots ; and
others may be planted out in the open ground, in a warm, shel-
tered situation.
LXXXlX. JOVELLA^NA (named after D. Casparo Mel-
chiori de Jovellanos, a promoter of the Flora Peruviana.) Ruiz,
at Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 13. t. 18. f. b. — Bae'a species, Pers. ench.
1. p. 15, Calceoliiria species of authors.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynla. Calyx 4-parted. Both
lips of corolla nearly equal : upper one concave : lower one
inflated. Stamens 2, inserted at the base of the tube, short ;
cells of anthers confluent. Stigma capitate, emarginate. Cap-
sule ovate-conical, 2-furrowed, 2-celled, 2-valved at apex ;
valves bifid ; placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds angu-
lar.— Plants with the habit of Calceolaria.
1 J. scAPiFLORA (Ruiz, ct Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 13. t. 18. f. b.)
leaves ovate, serrated, downy; scapes downy, unequal, 1 -flow-
ered. 11. F. Native of the Andes of Peru. Bse'a plantaginea,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 15.? Leaves an inch long. Corolla yellow:
lower lip spotted with purple.
Scape-flowered io\e\\ana. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
2 J. puncta'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 13. t. 18. f. a.)
shrubby ; branches slender, glanduliferous ; leaves petiolate,
oblong-ovate, biserrated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, cymose ; pedicels uviibellate. I7 . G. Native of Peru
and Chili, in woods. Calceolaria punctata, Vahl, enum. 1. p.
177. Bai'a punctata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 15.- — Feuill. per. 3. p.
21. t. 16. Leaves white beneath : floral ones quite entire, all
dotted with purple on both surfaces. Corolla of a whitish-violet
colour, variegated with a pale mark and yellow spots. Stigma
emarginate.
Z)o<(ec/-flowered Jovellana. Shrub 3 feet.
3 J. viola'cea ; shrubby ; branches violaceous ; leaves peti-
olate, ovate, coarsely serrated, white beneath ; peduncles
terminal by threes, corymbose ; pedicels 1-2-flowered. fj .
G. Native of Talcahuana, on the sea shore ; and of Chili, about
Conception. Bae'a viol^cea, Pers. ench. 1. p. 15. Calceolaria
violacea, Cav. icon. 5. p. 31. t. 452. Leaves length of petioles.
Corolla pale violet, spotted with deeper violet beneath. Lips of
corolla spreading in a canipanuiate manner ; limb villous.
Fio/accoMi-flow ered Jovellana. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 J. ? TRiANDRA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 32. t. 453.) shrubby ;
branches, peduncles, and edges of calyx beset with glandular
villi ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, glaucous beneath, petiolate ;
peduncles dichotomous ; flowers triandrous. Ij . G. Native of
Peru. Bae'a triandra, I'ers. ench. 1. p. 15. Bark of branches
dark purple. Petioles shorter than the leaves, clasping the stem
by a membrane at the base. Filaments 3, very short. Ovarium
tonientose. This will probably form a distinct genus, which we
would propose calling Porodillia trUindra, from the triandrous
flowers ; and in the cells of the anthers being confluent, and
opening by a pore at the apex.
rriant/joMS-flowered Jovellana. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. Singular and beautiful plants, with the habit of Cal-
ceolaria ; the culture of them is also similar.
XC. B^~A (meaning not explained by the author.) Coram.
ex Lam. diet. 1. p. 401. ill. t. 15. Juss. gen. p. 121. ed. Usteri,
p. 135.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla with a short tube and a spreading bilabiate limb ; upper
lip 3-lobed : lower one 2-parted ; lips not inflated. Stamens 2,
thick, arched, in the middle of the corolla ; anthers connivent.
Capsule long, corniculate, twisted, 2-celled, 4-valved ; the
twisting of the valves throwing out the seeds. — An herb, with
tl'.e habit of the stemless species of Calceolaria. Leaves radi-
cal. Scapes 1 or many-flowered. Flowers subumbellate.
1 B. Magella'nica (Lam. 1. c.) %. F. Native of the
Straits of Magellan, among humid rocks. B. Praliniana, St.
Hil. Leaves petiolate, 2-3 inches long, elliptic-ovate, obtuse,
subserrated, quite entire at the base, soft, greenish, canescent.
Scapes erect, shorter than the leaves. Calyx villous. Corollas
blue. Capsule acuminated, longer than the calyx.
Magellan Bsea. PI. \ foot.
Cult. This singular and pretty plant requires the same
treatment as the perennial, herbaceous species of Calceolaria,
p. 607.
XCL HEMl'MERIS (from njjn, hcmi, half; and ^tpic, meris,
a part ; in reference to the upper lip of corolla being nearly ob-
solete.) Lin. fil. suppl. 45. Schreb. gen. 1016. Thimb. nov.
gen. 74. Juss. gen. 120. ed. Usteri, 134. but not of others.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia ; or Didyndmia, Angios-
permia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, ringent, with a very
short, intruded, white tube, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip
cloven, with a kind of bag at the base, composed of little necta-
reous pits : lower lip concave, blunt. Stamens 2-4, filiform, in-
serted in the base of the lower lip ; anthers very small, cordate,
cohering, yellow. Ovarium acute, smooth. Stigma simple,
acutish. Capsule ovate, acute, didymous, gibbous at the base
on one side, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds many, smooth. — Herbs,
with opposite or alternate leaves. Flowers terminal and axillary,
usually solitary.
§ 1. Diste'mon (from ^i£, rfis, twice ; and (TTrjfitiiv, stetnon, sl
stamen ; in reference to the stamens only being two.) Flowers
diandrous.
1 H. monta'na (Lin. suppl. 280.) leaves opposite, ovate,
serrated ; stem erect. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lam. ill. t. 532. f. 1.— Plukn. aim. 9. t. 331. f. 3. Psede-
rota racemosa, Houtt. pflanz. syst. 5. p. 89. t. 38. f. 1.
Mountain Hemimeris. Pi. 5 to 5 foot. ?
2 H. SABULOSA (Lin. suppl. 280.) leaves opposite, pinnatifid ;
stem prostrate. 1^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lam. ill. t. 532. f. 2.
Sand Hemimeris. PI. prostrate.
§ 2. Tetraste'mon (from rtrpa, tetra, four ; and cttij^w)',
stemon, a stamen ; in reference to the 4 stamens.) Flowers
tetrandrous ; stamens didynamous.
3 H. DiFFU sa (Lin. suppl. 280.) leaves alternate and oppo-
site, pinnatifid ; stems spreading. %.'>. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Pa^derota Bona Spei, Lin. spec. p. 20.
amoen. acad. 6. afr. 1. — Plukn. phyt. t. 320. f. 5.
Diiffuse Hemimeris. PI. diflTuse.
SCROPHULARINEiE. XCII. Thylacantha. XCIII. Angelonia. XCIV. Euphiiasia.
GOO
4 H. unilabia'ta (Tliiinb. prod. 105.) leaves opposite, pin-
natifid ; stem panicled. 'Ji . ? G. Nntive of the Cape of Good
Hope. Probably not distinct from tlie ])receding.
One-li/tprd Hemiiiieris. PI.
Cull. For culture and propagation see perennial, herbaceous
species of Calceolaria, p. 608.
XCII. THYLACA'NTHA (from OvXaKoc, ihijlacos, a sack ;
and avdoc, anlhos, a flower; base of lower lip of corolla.) Mart,
in nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 45.
Lin. syst. Didyiteimia, Angioxpermia. Calyx 5-parted,
short. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip very short, bifid : lower
one 3-lobtd, saccate at the base, large. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous ; fdaments dilated ; cells of anthers placed one above the
other : upper cell exceeding the truncate a])ex of the filament.
Stigma simple, acute, hooked, longer than the stamens. Cap-
sule valvcless, 2-celled, rather resinous, roundish ; dissepiment
thin, at length separating from the placenta, which is central.
Seeds numerous, angular, with a thick, spongy, bullate testa. —
An erect plant, with opposite, ovate-oblong leaves ; but the
floral leaves are lanceolate. Flowers axillary, solitary, viola-
ceous, spotted with deep purple, on slender pedicels.
1 T. campe'stris (Mart. 1. c.) If.. S. Native of Brazil,
near Tamburil and Velos, in fields. Angelonia campestris,
Mart. nov. act. bonn. 1 1 . p. 44. Stem tetragonal; angles ob-
tuse. Leaves on short petioles, unequally serrated, with hispid
edges, triple-nerved ; nerves pilose ; floral leaves narrower, ses-
sile, entire.
Field Thylacantha. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Angelonia, below.
XCIII. ANGELO'NIA (Angclon is the vernacular name of
the first species.) Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 92. t. 108.
H. B et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 377.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx deeply 5-
parted, equal. Corolla with a very short tube, a concave bot-
tom, and a bilabiate spreading limb : superior lip bifid : lower
lip larger, saccately excavated, trifid ; segments nearly equal.
Stamens didynamous ; cells of anthers diverging. Stigma sim-
ple. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved; valves bifid at apex; disse-
piment contrary, adnate to the valves ; placentas central, at
length free. — Herbs with opposite leaves, with the habit of
Celsia and Alonsoa. Flowers axillary, racemose. Corollas blue,
or violet. Stem and branches quadrangular.
1 A. salicari/Efolia (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.) steins erect,
tetragonal, rather pilose and clammy ; leaves sessile : lower
ones lanceolate, acute, serrated towards the apex, finely pubes-
cent on both surfaces: floral ones ovate, shorter. %. S, Na-
tive near Caraccas, on arid hills. Ker. bot. reg. 415. Flowers
axillary, solitary, pedicellate, disposed in terminal racemes.
Calyx pilose. Seeds oblong, cuneated, covered by a reticulated
membrane. This species, or one nearly allied, has been collected
by Schiede and Deppe in Mexico, near the Hacienda de La
Laguna ; it has the leaves usually 4 in a whorl, and very scabrous
above. The hairs of the stem are somewhat adpressed, and of
a dirty, fulvescent colour, not purplish. Corolla purplish,
hairy.
Salicaria-lcaved S.nge\on\a. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. li
to 3 feet.
2 A. HiRTA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea, 8. p. 27.) hairy ;
stem tetragonal, erect ; leaves somewhat auriculate, sessile :
cauline ones subcordate, narrowed at the base, oblong, very
acute, sharply and obsoletely serrulated : floral ones dilately
and auriculately cordate at the base, short, very acutely acumi-
nated, quite entire, shorter than the peduncles. 2/. S. Native
of Brazil, Sello. This differs from A. salicaricefblia in hairiness
VOL. IV.
and shape of leaves ; the habit and inflorescence is the same,
but the flowers are a little larger.
Hairy Angelonia. PI. 1 1 to 2 feet.
3 A. procu'mbens (Mart. nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 45.)
stems weak, procumbent, tetragonal ; leaves elliptic, lanceolate,
sharply serrated. If.. S. Native of Brazil, at Villa dos
Ilheos. Physidium prociimbens, Schrad. gott. gel. anz. 1821.
vol. 72. p. 714. t. 30. ScheKeria arguta, Bot. zeit. 4. jahrj.
1821. p. 299. and 328. Stems articulated, trichotomous, gla-
brous ; angles winged. Leaves glabrous, spiny-serrated ; peti-
oles connate, with the projection ciliated. Flowers axillary, soli-
tary or twin, very like those of a species of Calceolaria, on pedi-
cels which are shorter than the leaves. Corolla violaceous :
upper lip of corolla short, 3-lobed ; lobes crenulated : lower lip
large, inflated, entire. Seeds angular.
Procumbent Angelonia. PI. procumbent.
4 A. intege'rrima (Spreng. syst. append, p. 235.) leaves scat-
tered, lanceolate, quite entire ; peduncles racemose ; stem erect.
■J/. S. Native of Rio Grande, Sello.
Quite entire-\eaved Angelonia. PI. erect.
Cult. These are very pretty plants when in blossom, and are,
therefore, well worth cultivating. A mixture of light turfy
loam and peat is a good soil for them; and cuttings strike root
readily in the same kind of mould under a hand glass, but as
they are liable to rot, air should be frequently given.
Tribe IX.
EUPHRASIE'iE (this tribe agrees with the genus Euphrasia
in the characters given below.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
vol. 19. p. 113. July, 1835. Benth. scroph.
Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla bilabiate. Stamens 4,
didynamous. Cells of anthers parallel, usually spurred at the
base. Stigma undivided. Capside crustaceous ; dissepiment
placentiferous on both sides. .Seeds with a membranous testa.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo terete, slender, straight, almost the
length of the albimien. — Herbs, with opposite leaves, and ter-
minal, subspicate, bracteate flowers.
SuBTRiBE I. Bartsie'.«. Cells of anthers spurred at the
base.
XCIV. EUPHRA'SIA (from evippaww, euphraino, to delight ;
from the supposition of the plants curing blindness.) Tourn.
inst. 78. Lin. gen. no. 741. Schreb. no. 998. Juss. gen.
100. edit. Usteri, p. 112. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 257. t. 54.
Lam. ill. 518. f. 1. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 33^.
Benth. scroph. ind. p. 51.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
4-cleft, somewhat bilabiate. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip gale-
ate, emarginate : lower lip large, spreading ; segments emar-
ginate, retuse, denticulated, or entire. Stamens 4, fertile ; cells
of upper anthers usually with longer spurs than the lower
ones. Stigma thickened, oblique, einarginate. Capsule ovate
or oblong-ovate, compressed, usually emarginate ; valves en-
tire. Seeds few, wrapped in a membranous, striated testa.—
Dwarf herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate : the upper or floral
ones generally the broadest. Flowers sessile, solitary, subspi-
cate at the tops of the branches, white, yellow, or purple.
§ 1. Species natives of Europe and Asia. Anthers ciliated
at the base; cells of the 2 lower anthers elongated into bristly
sjJurs.
1 E. officina'lis (Lin. spec. 841.) glabrous or downy, never
scabrous ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate : lower ones bluntly ser-
rated ; floral leaves ovate or roundish, acutely toothed, equal
in length or exceeding the caly.^es ; calycine teeth acute, about
equal in length to the tube of the corolla, which is glabrous ;
4 I
610
SCROPHULARINE^. XCIV. Euphrasia.
segments of corolla emarginate ; capsule equal in length or ex-
ceeding tlie calyx. O- H. Native of Europe, Siberia, Aleu-
tian Islands, on heaths and other dry places, especially on
a chalky or sandy soil; plentiful in Britain, in like situations.
Curt. lond. 5. t. 42. Fl. dan. 1037. Woodv. med. bot. 2. p.
220. Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 9. Blackw. 427. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 1416. — Riv. mon. t. 90. f. 1. The plant varies much in size,
branched or quite simple. Flowers varying mucii in colour from
white to yellow ; limb tinged with blue or streaked with purple. It
seems to have been unnoticed by the ancients. The Arabians men-
tion it under the name of Adhil. Mathseus Sylvaticus, a physician
of Mantua, who lived about the year 1320, recommended this
plant in disorders of the eyes. It is still in use, particularly as
an ingredient in British herb tobacco ; and Mr. Liuhtfoot says
that the highlanders of Scotland make an infusion of it in milk,
and anoint the patient's eyes with a feather dipped in it. It is,
however, neglected by the faculty ; and even thought by some
to be injurious, at least in inflammation of the eyes. It is a
weak astringent, but there seems to be no foundation for the old
notion of its being useful in disorders of the eyes.
Far. /3, elat'ior (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 51.) taller, pubescent,
simple or branched. ©. H. Native of the Himalaya, Ka-
maon. Cashmere, and at Kidarkonta. E. depauperata, Benth.
in. Wall. cat. no. 3886. E. simplex, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p95.
Var. y, nemorosa (Bull. herb, ex Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 422.)
erect, nearly simple ; serratures of leaves setaceous. ©. H.
Native in dry places. Pers. ench. 2. p. 149. Bess. enum. pi.
volh. p. 25.
Var. c, intermedia (Led. 1, c.) erectish, nearly simple ; leaves
serrated : lower ones distant ; serratures of the upper ones sub-
setaceous. 0. H. Native of the sandy banks of rivers and
lakes. E. officinalis, Lin. spec. 841. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 69. —
Grael. sib. 3. p. 212. no. 25.
Var. £, imbricata (Pers. ench. 2. p. 149.) plant minute,
branched ; leaves of stem adpressed, cuneate, toothed at apex.
0. H. Native of France, in sandy places near Dax. Leaves
quite entire towards the base.
Var. Z, alpestris (Wimmer et Crabowsky, fl. siles. 2. p. 218.
Led. 1. c.) stem short erect, simple, few-leaved ; leaves bluntish,
serrated; corolla large, of a purplish-violet colour. ©. H.
Native of alpine places.
Var. 7), alphia (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 354.) leaves setaceously
toothed ; calyx glabrous, with linear-setaceous segments. ©.
H. Native of the alps of Salisburgh, Switzerland, and the Py-
renees. E. Salisburgensis, Funk, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 43.
Hoppe, taschenb. 1794. p. 190. E. alpina, Lam. ill. t. 518.
f. 2.
f^ar. 6, minima (Duby, I. c.) stem nearly simple, small ; leaves
obtuse ; calycine segments lanceolate. ©. H. Native of the
alps of France, in arid pastures ; and of the Pyrenees. E.
minima, Jacq. ex Pers. ench. 2. p. 149. A. officinalis, (i, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 400. Upper leaves acutely toothed. Corolla yellow,
with bluish veins.
Officinal Eyebright. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 5 to J
foot.
2 E. Tarta'rica (Fisch. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 777.) clothed
with subglandular villi ; leaves sessile, broad-ovate, serrated ;
calyx clothed with glandular pubescence ; segments of corolla
emarginate; capsule exceeding the calyx. ©. H. Native of
Altaia, in dry open places at the rivers Siba and Kerlyx, (Led.)
Tcharysch, (Bunge.) Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 435. Very like
E. officinalis ; but differs in being clothed with glandular villi ;
the villi in E. officinalis being simple and retrograde.
Tartarian Eyebright. PI. | to 1 foot.
3 E. TRicuspiDA^TA (Lin. spec. 841.) leaves cuneiform-linear,
1
tricuspidate ; segments of the lower lip of corolla emarginate.
0. H. Native of Italy; Carniola, on the alps. — Plukn. aim.
142. t. 177. f. 1. — Zanich. hist. 110. t. 76. Leaves linear, with
one tooth on each side. Corollas similar to those of E. offi-
cinalis.
Tria(spidate-]eaved Eyebright. PI. 5 to J foot.
4 E. a'spera (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 185.) stem terete, smooth;
leaves ovate, bluntly serrated, scabrous, rugosely lined. ©. H.
Native of Portugal. Plant apparently suftruticose.
Rough Eyebright. PI. I foot. ?
§ 2. Species natives of Australia. Anthers usually bearded.
5 E. alpi'na (R. Br. prod. p. 436.) leaves cuneated, 3-5-
crenated, glabrous ; those of the fertile branches distant, and
those of the sterile ones decussate ; calyxes nearly sessile,
pubescent, a little shorter than the capsule ; segments of corolla
all emarginate. ©. H. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Alpine Eyebright. PI. ^ foot. ?
6 E. tetragona (R. Br. 1. c.) stem tetragonal ; leaves
nearly oval, 3-5-toothed, obtuse, glabrous ; calyxes glabrous,
obtuse, nearly sessile, equalling the capsule in length ; lower
segments of corolla emarginate. ©. H. Native of the south
coast of New Holland.
Tetragonal-stemmed Eyebright. PI. ^ foot. ?
7 E. colli'na (R. Br. I. c.) leaves linear-cuneated, bluntly
tridentate, glabrous ; spikes many-flowered, the lower pairs dis-
tant ; calyxes glabrous, about one half shorter than the capsule ;
segments of corolla all emarginate. ©. H. Native of Van
Diemen's Land.
Hill Eyebright. PI. i foot. ?
8 E. stria^ta (R. Br. 1. c.) stems ascending ; leaves and
bracteas somewhat palmately 5-lobed, glabrous ; spikes obo-
vate ; flowers all imbricate; calyxes acutish, glabrous; seg-
ments of corolla striated, retuse. ©. H. Native of Van Die-
men's Land.
Striated Eyebright. PI. \ foot. ?
9 E. paludosa (R. Br. I. c.) leaves linear, acutish, few-
toothed, glabrous ; those of the branches distant ; spikes many-
flowered, with the lower pairs distinct ; calyxes acutish ; seg-
ments of corolla nearly entire. ©. H. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson.
Marsh Eyebright. PI. i to J foot. ?
10 E. speciosa (R. Br. 1. c. p. 437.) leaves decussate, ovate,
crenately cut, and are, as well as the stem, which is erect, sca-
brous ; calyxes acutish ; segments of corolla retuse : lower
middle one emarginate. ©. H. Native of New South Wales,
along with the preceding.
Showy Eyebright. PI. 5 foot. ?
HE. sca'bra (R. Br. 1. c.) plant scabrous from glandular
pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, dentately cut ; calyxes acute ;
corolla downy, with entire segments. ©. H. Native of Van
Diemen's Land, and the south coast of New Holland.
Scabrous Eyebright. PI. j to J foot. ?
12 E. argu'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) stem erect; plant pubescent;
leaves lanceolate, pinnatifidly cut, scabrous ; calyxes and brac-
teas setaceously acuminated; segments of corolla entire. ©.
H. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
(S'/iar/)-toothed-leaved Eyebright. PI. 5 to | foot. ?
13 E. cunea^ta (Forst. prod. no. 234.) leaves cuneiform-
ovate, toothed at apex ; segments of the lower lip of corolla
subemarginate. 0. H. Native of New Zealand.
JVedge-\ea.\e(l Eyebright. PI. 5 foot. ?
§ 3, Species natives of South America. Anthers usually
glabrous, mucronate at the base, exserted,
14 E. santolin^f6lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2.
SCROPHULARINEiE. XCIV. Euphrasia. XCV. Odontites.
Gil
p. 333. t. ITfi.) plant clammy, and clothed with glandular villi ;
stem branched, terete, erect ; leaves sessile, linear, obtuse, cre-
nated ; (ilaments downy ; segments of corolla obtuse ; calyxes
obtuse; anthers, style, and capsules glabrous. 1/ . G. Native
of New Granada, on high plains between Suacha and Santa
Fe de Bogota, at tlie altitude of 1370 hexapods. Leaves 4-5
lines long. Upper lip of corolla concave, emarginate. Cre-
natures of leaves revolute. Capsule oblong, obtuse, compressed
a little.
Santolina-like Eyebright. PI. h to 1 foot.
15 E. siai'cTA (H. B. et Kunlh, 1. c ) hispid; stem nearly
simple, somewhat tetragonal, strict ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
bluntish, crenated ; segments of lower lip of corolla rounded :
upper lip ovate, obtu»e, concave ; filaments and anthers gla-
brous ; style and capsule pilose. 1/ . G. Native of Quito,
on the declivities of Mount Antisana, and in temperate and
frigid places near the town of Chillo, at the altitude of 1350-
1700 hexapods. Leaves 7-8 lines long. Corolla yellow,
downy. Stamens hidden under the upper lip of corolla. Cap-
sule obtuse, compressed. Very nearly allied to the preceding.
Strict Eyebright. PI. Ij foot.
IG E. MELAMPYROiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, I. c. p. 334.) stem
panicled, nearly terete, hispid from reflexed bristles or hairs ;
leaves bluntly toothed at apex, hispid; calvxes clothed with
glandular villi, linear ; segments of the lower lip of corolla
obtuse, entire : upper lip sub-emarginate ; filaments glabrous;
anthers, style, and capsules pilose. 1^. G. Native of Quito,
in the jilains of Cachabamba, and near Pintac, at the foot of
Mount Antisana, at the altitude of froin 1350 to 1600 hexa-
pods. Leaves 7-8 lines long. Corolla yellow. Capsule ob-
long, compressed.
Melampyrum-li/ie Eyebright. PI. | to f foot.
17 E. mu'tica (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem panicled, terete,
and is, as well as the leaves, hispid ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
coarsely serrate-crenated ; calyxes hispid, linear, sometimes
crenated at top ; segments of the lower lip of corolla obtuse :
upper lip emarginate ; corolla, style, and filaments pilose ;
anthers glabrous, nuitic ; capsule hairy, oblong, obtuse, com-
pressed, ■y.. G. Native of Peru, in dry places between La-
carque and Ayavaca, at the altitude of 1300 hexapods. Leaves
an inch long. Corolla flesh coloured.
71/w/ic-anthered Eyebright. PI. twining.
Cull. The seeds of these plants may be sown on roekwork,
but none of the species as yet have been found to grow in
cultivation.
XCV. ODONTTTES (from ocuve oSovrog, odous odotUos, a
tooth ; the plant is said to be good against the toothache.
Pliny, liv. 27. cap. 12.) Dill. gen. p. 117. t. 6. Stev. mon.
ped. p. 4. Pers. encli. 2. p. 150. Schkuhr, handb. t. 1C9,
Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 423. Euphrasia species, Lin. and other
authors.
Lin. syst. Dldynamla, Angiospermia. Calyx 4-cleft. Up-
per lip of corolla galeate : lower lip trifid, with linear, equal
segments. Anthers all mucronate, and a little exserted. Style
straight. Capsule obtuse, emarginate. Seeds angular. — Branch-
ed, downy, annual, erect herbs. Leaves opposite, or the upper
ones are alternate. Flowers red or yellow, disposed in uni-
lateral, leafy racemes.
1 O. RUBRA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 150. Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 424.)
stem branched ; leaves lanceolate, serrated : upper ones alter-
nate ; segments of the lower lip of corolla truncate. O- H.
Native of Europe and .Siberia, in meadows and moist pas-
tures; plentiful in Britain, in like situations. O. vulgaris,
Stev. mon. ped. in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 6. p. 4. Euphrasia
odontites, Lin. spec. 841. Curt. fl. lond. 1. t. 44. Martyn, fl.
rust. t. 42. Smith, engl. hot. 1415. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 70.
Bartsia odontites, Huds. angl. 268. — Hall. helv. no. 301.. Riv.
mon. irr. t. 90. f. 2. Cratseogonuin Euphraslne, Ger. 85. emac.
91-3. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 213. no. 26. Stem hispid, tetragonal.
Corolla dusky red, or purple, sometimes varying to white,
hairy. Seeds elegantly latticed.
Var. ft, vermi (Pers. ench. 2. p. 150.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
toothed; bracteas longer than the flowers. Q. H. Native of
Piedmont, in pastures. Euphrasia verna. Bell, append, fl. ped.
p. 33. Willd. spec. 3. p. 194. Perhaps a distinct species.
Euphrasia sylvestris major purpurea latifolia. Column, ecphr. 1
p. 201. t. 202. f. 1.
Red Eyebright. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. i to 1 foot.
2 O. lu'tea ; leaves linear, serrated : superior ones quite en-
tire ; segments of the lower lip of corolla emarginate. ©. H.
Native of the South of Europe, on arid mountains ; and of Bar-
bary. Euphrasia lutea, Lin. spec. 841. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 398.
Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 35. E. Coris, Crantz, austr. p. 298. — Hall,
helv. no. 305. Odontites flore lilteo, Riv. mon. t. 91. — Mor. hist.
3. p. 432. sect. 1 1. t. 24. f 16.— Column. 1. p. 204. t. 203. This
resembles Odontites rubra ; but the flowers are yellow ; the
upper lip bearded and emarginate^ Stem and leaves rough.
Capsule villous, shorter than the calyx. Calyx pubescent.
Fe//o)i)-flovvered Eyebright. Fl. July, Sept. CIt. 1816.
PI. 1 foot.
3 O. LiNiFOLiA ; leaves linear, all quite entire ; calyx glabrous
or pubescent. ©. H. Native of France and Italy. Euphrasia
linifolia. Column, ecphr. 2. p. 68. t. 69. Lin. spec. p. 812.
Flowers yello.v. Capsule hairy, exceeding the calyx.
Flax-leaved Eyebright. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. \
to 5 foot.
4 O. viscosA ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, almost quite
entire ; calyxes clammy ; lateral lobes of lower lip of corolla
emarginate. ©. H. Native of Provence and Switzerland, in
sterile, gravelly places. Euphrasia viscosa, Lin. raant. 86.
Gouan. ill. 37. Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 36. Lam. ill. t. 518. f 3.—
Hall. helv. no. 306. Garid. aix. 351. t. 78. Plant pilose,
clammy. Flowers yellow. This differs from E. liclea, in the
leaves being linear-lanceolate, not strictly linear ; and in the
calyxes being villous and clammy, not glabrous. Corolla closed,
and not shorter than the stamens. Capsule hairy, equal in lencth
to the calyx. It is also to be distinguished from E. linifolia.
Clammy Eyebright. PI. 1 foot. ?
5 O. TENUiFotiA ; leaves subsetaceously linear, caducous, all
entire ; calyxes nearly glabrous; stem branched, twiggy, nearly
naked, terete. ©. H. Native of Portugal. Euphrasia tenui-
folia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 150. E. linifolia, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p.
185, but not of Lin. Corollas yellow. Anthers woolly, not
exserted beyond the lips of the corolla.
Thin-leaved Eyebright. PI. | to | foot. ?
6 O. Corsica ; stem prostrate at the base, branched ; leaves
linear, quite entire ; flowers axillary, subspicate ; calyx equal
in length to the corolla. ©. H. Native of Corsica, on the
mountains. Euphrasia Corsica, Low. fl. gall. 2. p. 367. Flowers
yellow.
Corsican Eyebright. PI. prostrate.
7 O. purpu'rea ; leaves linear, quite entire, glabrous ; ra-
cemes secund ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla ;
capsules oblong, villous. ©. H. Native of Barbary, in sandy
places. Euphrasia purpurea, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 3Q. Stem dark
purple, stiffish, bluntly tetragonal ; branches terete, panicled.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corollas violaceous, size of those of E. vis-
cosa ; segments of the lower lip roundish, usually denticulated.
The purple stems and flowers readily distinguish this from E.
viscosa and E. lutea.
Purple-dofxcred Eyebright. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
4 I 2
612
SCROPHULARINE^. XCVI. Bartsia.
8 O. LONGiFLORA ; clotlied with clammy pubescence ; leaves
linear, quite entire ; tube of corolla filiform, 3 times as long as
the calyx. 0. H. Native of Spain, on arid gypsose hills.
Euphrasia longiflora, Vahl, synib. 3. p. 78. Cav. icon. 1. p.
45. t. 62. Barrel, icon. 1204. Leaves blunt : rameal ones im-
bricate. Upper lip of corolla undivided : lobes of the lower
one rounded. Stem purple. Branches quadrangular. Flowers
axillary, in spikes, yellow. Seeds striated longitudinally. Cells
of anthers awned at the base. Perhaps a new genus.
Long-Jiowered Eyeliright. PL -^ to 1 foot.
Cu!t. For culture and propagation see Euphrasia above. A
light soil answers the plant best.
XCVI. BA'RTSIA (named by Linnaeus in memory of his
particular friend John Bartsch, M.D., of whom he gives an
interesting melancholy account in his Flora Suecica.) Lin. gen.
no. 739. Schreb. gen. no. 996. Juss. gen. p. 100. ed. Usteri,
p. 113. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 55. Trixago, Stev. pad. p. 4.
Lin. syst. Didynamla, Angiospeimia. Calyx 4-cleft. Co-
rolla bilabiate : upper lip concave, entire : the lower lip trifid
and reflexed. Stamens 4, didynamous. Anthers tomentose,
equally lobed, free. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment
contrary to the valves. Seeds angular. — Herbaceous plants.
Leaves entire, alternate, and opposite. Flowers alternate, brac-
teate, in terminal racemes. Corollas bluish purple, or yellow.
Sect. L Euba'rtsia (this section is supposed to contain the
true species of'the genus.) Corolla shortly bilabiate. Seeds
with membranous striated angles.
1 B. ALpfNA (Lin. spec. 839.) leaves opposite, ovate-sub-
cordate, bluntly serrated ; anthers hairy ; capsule pilose, ex-
ceeding the calyx. ©. H. Native of the mountains of Lap-
land, Switzerland, Savoy, Mount Baldo ; and near Orton, in
Westmoreland ; Labrador, Colmaster. Smith, engl. bot. 361.
Pedicularis, fl. dan. t. 43. Schkuhr, handb. 168. Hall. helv.
no. 312. StsBchellna alpina, Crantz, fl. austr. p. 294. Euphra-
sia, &c. Lin. fl. lapp. 246.— Plukn. aim. 110. t. 163. f. 5.
Clinopodium alpinum, Pon. bald. 343. Stem villous, bluntly
quadrangular. Leaves sessile, dry, rather hairy : floral ones
purple. Flowers solitary from the axils of the upper leaves,
forming an interrupted, leafy spike. Corolla reddish, blue, or
deep purple, villous.
Alpine Bartsia. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. i foot.
2 B. spica'ta (Pors. 1. c.) leaves opposite, ovate-cordate,
bluntly toothed : superior ones lanceolate, with remote teeth ;
flowers imbricately spicaie ; spike branched ; stamens equal in
length to the galea ; anthers hairy ; capsule pilose, exceeding
the calyx. ©. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Ramond. in bull,
di. sc. nat. no. 42. p. 141. f. 4. B. Fagonii, Lapeyr. Spike
elongated. Bracteas shorter than the calyxes. Flowers yellow. ?
(S'^jtcft/e-flowered Bartsia. PL 1 to 1^ foot.
Sect. 1L Trixa'go. Galea of corolla semi-cylindrical, short.
Seeds minute, not winged.
3 B. purpu'rea (Duby, bot. gall. p. 354.) stem nearly sim-
ple, or branched from the base ; leaves ovate dentately palmate ;
spike interrupted at the base, leafy ; calyx villous, with lance-
olate, obtuse segments ; anthers nearly glabrous, about equal in
length to the calyx. ©. H. Native of the South of France,
in pastures, and on the banks of rivers ; and other parts of the
Soutli of Europe, and North of Africa. Euphrasia latitblia,
Lin. spec. 841. B. latifolia, Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 69. t. 568.
Trixago purpiirea, Stev. nion. ped. p. 4 — Sabb. hort. rom. 3.
t. 7. — Magn. monsp. 95. t. 94. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 330. sect. 11.
t. 24. f. 8. Column, ecphr. t, 202. f. 2. Leaves opposite.
Corolla with a white tube, and a blood-coloured villous limb ;
upper lip short straight.
Purple-^oviareA Bartsia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ? PL i foot.
4 B.viscosa (Lin. spec. 830.)
hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acumi- FIG. 59.
nated, coarsely serrated : supe-
rior ones alternate, serrated ;
flowers distant, lateral ; stamens
shorter than the galea ; anthers
hairy ; calycine segments linear-
lanceolate, acutish. O.H. Native
of France, Italy, and Britain ; in
the marshes of Cornwall, Devon-
shire, liancashire, and Stafford-
shire ; and of Argyleshire, in
Scotland. The same plant has
been found in Brazil, in the
province of Monte Video, by
Sello. Kliinanthus viscosus.
Smith, fl. brit. p. 648. Brot.
fl. lus. 1. p. 187. Smith, eng>. bot. t. 1045. Lightf. fl. scot,
p. 321. t. 14.— Plukn. aim. 142. t. 27. f. 5.— Mor. hist. 3.
p. 432.no. 15. Alectorolophos, Barrel, icon. t. 665. Stem te-
rete, simple, villous towards the top. Calyx large, divided into
5 lanceolate segments. Corolla yellow. Capsule hairy, much
shorter than the calyx. The w^hole plant clammy. (Fig. 59.)
Clammy Bartsia. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PL 1 foot.
5 B. BicoLOR (D. C. icon. rar. t. 10. Duby, bot. gall, p.
354.) pubescent ; stem simple, or a little branched ; leaves op-
posite, lanceolate-linear, serrated ; flowers densely spicate ;
bracteas ovate, or ovate-roundish ; calyx woolly, with ovate-
obtuse segments ; anthers hairy ; capsule villous, shorter than
the calyx. ©. H. Native of Brittany. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p.
391. Seeds striated, not winged.
Tn<o-coloured-Aovie\edi Bartsia. PL 1 foot.
6 B. ACUMiNA^TA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 429.) leaves
alternate, long, linear : floral ones ovate, long-acuminated, 3-
nerved, all undivided ; flowers shorter than the bracteas ; teeth
of calyx acute. 0. H. Native on the north-west coast of
America, and in the Island of Unalaschka.
Acmninaled-\ea.\eA Bartsia. PL
7 B. Trixa'go (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 603.) pubescent ; stem
quite simple ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, bluntly serrated ; flow-
ers densely spicate; bracteas ovate-roundish; calyx woolly, with
small, obtuse teeth ; anthers hairy ; capsule villous, equalling the
calyx ; middle segment of the lower lip obtuse, smaller than
the lateral ones. ©. H. Native of Palestine, Italy, Montpelier,
and Caucasus, in humid places by the sea-side among rushes.
Smith, fl. grsec. t. 585. Rhinanthus Trixago, Lin. spec. 840.
Alectorolophus Trixago, Bieb. cauc. 2. p. 69. Bellardia Trix-
ago, All. ped. no. 220. Bartsia, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 602.
Trixago A'pula unicaiilis. Column, ecphr. 1. p. 199. f 197.
Mor. hist. 3. p. 427. sect. 11. t. 24. f. 8. Stem quadrangular,
rather woolly. Leaves pale, and so deeply toothed as to appear
jagged. Spikes of flowers heaped at the top of the stem, large,
quadrangular, woolly, and even rather viscid. Calyx inflated,
angular. Corolla large, yellow ; upper lip shorter, and narrow ;
palate prominent, 2-lobed. Seeds striated.
Trixago Bartsia. PL 1^ foot.
8 B. VERSICOLOR (Pers. ench. 2. p. 151.) hairy; stem simple;
leaves opposite : lower ones linear-lanceolate, crenated : superior
ones linear, deeply serrated ; spikes dense, short ; bracteas ovate
cordate, acuminated, longer than the flowers ; segments of the
lower lip obtuse: the middle segment the narrowest. ©. H.
Native of Italy and the North of Africa. Rhinantlius versicolor,
Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 33. Brot. fl. lus. 1, p. 186. Lam. diet. 2. p.
SCROPHULARINE^E. XCVII. Bungea. XCVIII. Sipiionostegia. XCIX. Lamourouxia.
G13
6^. Petliciil^ris versicolor spicata, Tourn. inst. p. 1 72. — Barrel,
icon. G(3G. Flowers white, and purple. Calyx woolly, with
obtuse tettli. Stamens shorter than the galea, which is hairy
outside. This plant differs from B. maxima in the stem being
simple, in the leaves being narrow-lanceolate, and in the upper
ones being alternate, &c.
Party-coloured Bartsia. PI. 1 to I5 foot.
9 B. ma'xima (Pers. 1. c.) stem branched ; lower leaves
opposite : superior ones alternate, oblong, bluntly and coarsely
toothed ; lower lip of corolla longer than the upper one ; seg-
ments of the lower lip obtuse, equal in size. ©. H. Native
of Candia. Rliinantluis maximus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 189. Rhi-
nanthus versicolor, Lam. diet. 2. p. 62. PedicuUVris Cretica
maxima amplioribus foliis et floribus, Tourn. cor. p. 9. Plant
pubescent. Flowers yellow, ? disposed in spikes at the tops of
the branches and stem. Calyx, stamens, and anthers as in pre-
ceding.
Largest Bartsia. PI. I5 to 2 feet.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Euphrasia, p. 611.
XCVII. BUNGEA (named after Al. a Bunge, one of the
editors of " Ledebour's Flora Altaica." 1829-1832.) JVIeyer.
in verz. pflanz. p. 108.
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Angiospennia, Calyx bracteate,
tubular, 4-cleft. Corolla personate : upper lip tridentate : lower
one trifid. Anthers all bicalcarate at the base. Stigma some-
what capitate. Capsule sub-indehiscent, ovate, acuminated, 2-
valved, 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds compressed, wrinkled. —
A plant with a simple, rather tomentose stem, trifid, linear,
pubescent leaves, and axillary, sessile flowers.
1 B. TRi FiDA (Meyer, 1. c.) Q. ? H. Native of Asia
Minor ; and Caucasus, in stony places on Mount Talusch, near
Swant, at the altitude of 670 to 800 feet. Bartsia trifida,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 773. Rhinanthus trifidus, Vahl. symb. 1. p.
44. Pedicularis orientalis supina, folio trifido, flore maiino
flavescente, Tourn. cor. p. 9. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 5. t. 8. Co-
rolla yellow, rather villous outside. Calyx pubescent, inflated.
Trifid-\eaved Bungea. PI. 5 to i foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Euphrasia, p. 611.
XCVIII. SIPHONOSTE'GIA (from m,po,i', siphon, a tube ;
and artyoc:, stegos, a covering.) Benth. scroph. ind. p. 5 I .
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospcrmia. Corolla funnel-
shaped ; tube elongated ; limb 4-5 parted. Upper lip of corolla
incurved : lower one shorter, with entire segments. Stamens 4,
didynamous ; cells of anthers parallel, acute at the base, niutic.
Stigma capitately thickened. Capsule oblong, straight ; valves
entire. An erect herb, with twiggy, downy branches. Lower
leaves opposite : superior ones alternate, pinnatifid, with acute,
cut, lanceolate segments. Flowers scattered, rather distant,
nearly sessile, disposed in terminal, interrupted spikes or ra-
cemes.
1 S. Chine'nsis (Benth. 1. c.) — Native of China, at Macao.
China Siphonostegia. PI. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Euphrasia, p. 611.
XCIX. LAMOUROU'XIA (named by Kunth, after J. V.
F. Lamouroux, who has written some works on zoophytes and
seaweeds.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 336. t. 167.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospernua. Calyx campanulate,
nearly equal, bilabiate, 4-cleft. Corolla with a short tube, a
long, ventricosely compressed throat, and bilabiate limb ; upper
lip somewhat galeate, entire : lower one narrower and 3-lobed,
plicate; lobes nearly equal, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, the 2 upper ones very short, and generally sterile,
wanting in L. viscosa. Anthers of the fertile stamens reniform.
pilose ; cells usually mucronate at the base. Stigma clavate.
undivided. Capsule ovate, compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved ;
placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds covered by a reti-
culately cellular membrane. — Erect, branched herbs. Leaves
opposite, sessile, serrated, or pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, soli-
tary, opposite, subspicate, scarlet.
§ 1 . Stamens 4 : 2 upper ones short and sterile.
1 L. virga'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 3oG. t. 167.)
branches nearly terete ; calyxes and leaves glabrous ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, obsoletely crenulated ; calycine segments lance-
olate, quite entire. Ij . ? S. Native near the town of Quito,
at the altitude of 1500 hexapods. Herb suffruticose, branched.
Leaves about an inch long, and 2 lines broad. Corolla flesh-
coloured.
Twiggy Lamourouxia. Shrub H foot.
2 L. SERRATiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 168.) branches
tetragonal, bifariously pilose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, deejily
serrated, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous ; calycine
segments oblong-lanceolate, quite entire. %. S. Native of
New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota, and at the Cataract of
Tequendama. Leaves nearly sessile, 14-15 lines long, and 2~
lines broad. Corollas like those of the preceding.
Serrate-leaved Lamourouxia. PI. 1 to li foot.
3 L. RHiNANTHiFOLiA (H. B. et Kuuth, 1. c. p. 337. t. 169.)
stem and branches sub-tetragonal, pubescently pilose ; leaves
oblong, acute, rounded at the base, half stem-clasping, crenately
serrated, finely hairy ; calyx pilose, with ovate-lanceolate, ser-
rated segments. % . S. Native of New Spain, in temperate
places near Magdalena, Actopan, and Santa Rosa de La Sierra,
at the altitude of from 1040 to 1300 hexapods. Leaves about
an inch long. Corolla as in the two preceding. In the Magda-
lena plant the stem is said to be nearly terete.
Yellow-ratlle-leavcd Lamourouxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 L. sylva'tica (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) plant twining a little ;
branches terete, rather pilose ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute,
narrowed at the base, somewhat doubly serrated, and are, as
well as the calyxes, hairy ; segments of calyx oblong, acute,
serrulated. 1j . S. Native of Peru, near Ayavaca, in woods,
at the altitude of 1400 hexapods. Leaves nearly sessile, one
inch and more long. Corolla rose-coloured, hairy.
Wood Lamourouxia. PI. twining.
5 L. corda'ta (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 5. p. 103.)
this is an intermediate plant between L. viscosa and L. rhinan-
thbides, it differs from the first in the broader leaves, and from
the second in the inflorescence being clammy ; calycine seg-
ments quite entire. 2/. S. Native of Mexico. Habit of the
plant peculiar. Stem strict, twiggy, densely leafy. Leaves
decreasing in size from the top of the stem ; largest only 1^
inch long. Corolla scarlet.
Corffe/e-leaved Lamourouxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
6 L. viscosA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 338.) stem sub-tetra-
gonal, and is, as well as the calyxes and leaves, pilosely tomen-
tose, clammy ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; calycine
segments lanceolate, quite entire. %. S. Native of Mexico,
on the sea-shore near Acapulco. Habit of Lobelia. Leaves
hoary, about 2 inches long, and 6-7 lines broad : floral leaves
ovate-lanceolate, an inch long, beset with glandular hairs. Co-
rolla flesh-coloured, tomentose outside.
Clammy Lamourouxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
§ 2. Stamens 4, all fertile.
7 L. xalape'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem and branches
nearly terete, hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, sharply ser-
rated, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous ; stamens all
fertile ; calycine segments oblong-linear, quite entire. 1/ . S.
Native of Mexico, on the eastern declivities of mountains near
the town of Xalapa, at the altitude of 680 hexapods. Leaves
CM
SCROPHULARINE^. XCIX. Lamourouxia. C. Castilleja.
nearly sessile, l| inch long, and 3 lines broad. Corolla scarlet,
hairy outside. Cells of all the anthers mutic. This is, proba-
bly, a distinct genus, from the stamens being all fertile, and
from the cells of the anthers being mutic at the base.
Xalapa Lamourouxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
8 L. multifida (,H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 330.) stem sub-te-
tragonal, and is, as well as the leaves, nearly glabrous ; leaves
pinnatifid ; stamens all fertile ; calyx clotlud with mealy down,
with lanceolate, quite entire segments, l/ . S. Native of Mex-
ico, between Guanaxuato and Santa Rosa de La Sierra, at the
altitude of 1200 hexapods ; and among bushes near Jalapa, &c.
Stenochilus elegant, Willd. herb. no. 11694. Stem rather
pilose, reddish. Leaves petiolate, 9-12 lines long. Corolla
scarlet, downy outside. Cells of anthers all awned at the base.
Multifd-\ea\eA Lamourouxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
-|- A species not sufficiently knorvn.
9 L. bartsioi'des (Hook. bot. misc. 1. p, 234.) pubescent,
branched ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, crenately pinnatifid,
scabrous ; bracteas lanceolate, shorter than the corolla ; flowers
crowded into an oblong spike. 1/ . ? S. Native of Peru, in the
valley of Canta. Habit of Bdrlsia viscbsa, or Rliinunlhus crista-
gdlli ; but the calyx is cylindrical, and the corolla, as far as can
be judged by dried specimens, of Lamourouxia.
Bartsia-like Lamourouxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Angelhnia, p. 609.
SuBTRiBE IL Castillegie'xE. Cells of anthers mutic at the
base.
C. CASTILLE'JA (named by Linnaeus after D. Castil-
lejo, a botanist of Cadiz.) Lin. suppl. 47. no. 1408. Schreb.
gen. no. 1059. Lam. ill. 519. Smith, icon. ined. t. 40. Juss.
gen. p. 100. ed. Usteri, p. 112. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 2. p. 329. — Bartsia species of authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, com-
pressed, cleft on one side, rarely regular. Corolla tubular, com-
pressed, bilabiate : upper lip linear, canaliculate, entire : lower
lip very short, tridentate, or tripartite, ventricose at the base.
Stamens 4, didynamous. Stigma capitate. Capsule ovate,
compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds covered by a loose, re-
ticidated membrane. — Herbs, sub-shrubs, or shrubs. Leaves
alternate, entire, or trifid or multifid : floral ones of two forms,
bractea- formed and coloured. Flowers axillary, solitary, or
terminal and spicate. Corolla white, or greenish.
Sect. \. Eucastille'ja (from cv, eu, well; and Castilleja.
This section is supposed to contain the true species of the
genus.) Calyx cleft on one side, and toothed or lobed on the
other. Anthers distinct, narrow, with equal lobes. Herbs or
subshrubs.
1 C, pa'llida (Kunth, ex Cham, in Linnsea, 2. p. 580. Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 232.) tomentose ; radical leaves linear, acuminated,
entire : superior ones alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, tooth-
ed ; s])ike simple; calyx villous. %. H. Native of Siberia,
in shady places on the banks of rivers ; also of Hudson's Bay
and Labrador, &:c. ; Canada and New Hampshire, on the white
hills. C. septentrionalis and C. Sibirica, Lindl. bot. reg. 925.
Bartsia pallida, Lin. spec. 839. Michx. fl. bor. amer. — Gmel.
sib. 3. p. 201. no. 11. t. 42. Corollas pale pmple.
Var. /5, Unalaschciisis (Cham, et Schlccht, 2. p. 584.) stem
simple, thickness of a hen's quill ; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate,
3, rarely 5-nerved, more hairy than in the species, and the brac-
teas less jagged. 1/. H. Native of the Aleutian Islands.
Pale Castilleja. Fl. Jime, Sept. Clt. 1782. PI. 4 to 1
foot.
2 C, AFpfNis (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 154.)
stem herbaceous, nearly simple, pilosely hispid ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, 3-nervcd, pubescent, entire : floral ones linear, en-
tire, rarely dentately lobed at apex ; lower flowers pedunculate ;
floriferous calyx tubular, cleft both in front and behind ; lobes
bifid : segments linear-lanceolate, acute ; corolla exceeding the
calyx. % . H. Native of California. Nearly allied to C.
piallida, the Bdrlsia p{illida, Michx. It differs from C. lithe-
spermoldes of Kunth, in the floral leaves not being dilated, and
from C. integrijblia, Lin. in the calyx being tubular, not ventri-
cose.
A/lied Castilleja. PI. 1 foot.
3 C. Toluce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 329.)
stems branched, procumbent, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, ob-
tuse, hispid, nearly entire : superior ones trifid at apex, 3-nerved;
flowers axillary, sessile ; calyx about equal in length to the
corolla. 1^ . G. Native of Mexico, on the mountains near
the town of Toluca, at tiie altitude of 1 380 hexapods. Stems
tufted. Branches quadrangular, densely leafy. Corolla gla-
brous. Calyx bifid ; lobes rounded.
Toluca Castilleja. Shrub procumbent.
4 C. Morane'nsis (H. B. et Kuuth, 1. c.) stem suffruticose,
simple, prostrate, pubescently hispid ; leaves lanceolate, acute,
hispid, entire : superior ones trifid ; flowers axillary, sessile ;
corolla exceeding the calyx a little. '; . G. Native of Mexi-
co, in temperate places between Pachuca and Moran, at the
altitude of 1320 hexapods. Calyx bifid; lobes emarginate.
71/oraw Castilleja. Clt. 1825. Shrub prostrate.
5 C. NUBi'oENA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 330.) stem shrubby,
branched, erect, hispid ; leaves linear, trifid at apex, densely
hairy, the middle segment also somewhat trifid ; flowers axillary,
on short peduncles ; floriferous calyx ventricose, about equal in
length to the corolla. Cleft on one side, and lobed on the
other. ^ . G. Native on Mount Pichinca, in sandy places
near the plains of Verde Cuchu, at the altitude of 1800 hexa-
pods. Branches tetragonal. Floral leaves red.
Nuhigenous Castilleja. Shrub 5 to | foot.
6 C. lacinia'ta (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
40.) plant beset with a few stiff hairs ; stem erect, herbaceous ;
leaves linear, trifidly pinnatifid, with elongated, filiform seg-
ments ; flowers axillary, almost sessile; calyx equal in length to
the corolla. 1/ . ? G. Native of Chili, about Conception.
Very closely allied to C. nubigena, but that appears to be suf-
fruticose, and has an inflated calyx, and the segments of the
leaves are much broader and shorter.
Jagged-leaved Castilleja. PI. 1 foot. ?
7 C. nssiroLiA (Lin. suppl. 293.) stem suffruticose, branched,
erect, hispid ; leaves linear, trifid at the apex, densely hairy :
middle segment 3-lobed ; flowers spicate, pedicellate ; calyx
tubular, one half shorter than the corolla. fj . G. Native of
New Granada, in frigid places between Zipaquira and Santa Fe
de Bogota, at the altitude of 1360 hexapods. Smith, icon,
ined. t. 40. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 330. Leaves 3-nerved,
an inch long. Rudiments of branches from the axils of the
leaves.
Cleft-leaved Castilleja. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 C. arve'nsis (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 5. p. 103.)
stem herbaceous, simple, or branched, hispid from pili ; leaves
spatulate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed at
the base, 3-nerved, entire, hairy ; flowers spicate ; corolla
scarcely exceeding the calyx. 1^. G. Native of Mexico, near
Jalapa, among corn, between San Andres and Serra Colorado.
Nearly allied to C. lithospermoides, but is distinguished from it
by the form of the leaves. Seeds cuneated, not winged.
CorH-field Castilleja. PI. 1 foot.
9 C. iNTEORiFOLiA (Lin. suppl. 293.) stem shrubby, branch-
ed, erect, hispid from white hairs ; leaves linear, entire, pubes-
cently hispid ; flowers spicate, nearly sessile ; floriferous calyx
SCROPHULARINEiE. C. Castilleja.
615
ventricose at the base, shorter than the corolla, h . G. Native
of New Spain, in temperate places near Tasco, San Aiigustin de
las Cuevas, at the altitmle of 1100 hexapods. Smith, icon,
ined. t. 39. H. B. et Kiinth, nov. gen. 2. p. 33. Leaves 3-
nerved, 8 lines long, and 1^ line broad. Calyx bidentate.
Ktitire-lcavcd CasliWeja. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 to 1^ foot.
10 C. LiTiiosPERMofoEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 331. t.
164.) stem herbaceous, nearly simple, pilosely hispid; leaves
lanceolate-linear, narrowed at top, obtuse, entire, beset with
pili ; flowers subspicate, sessile ; corolla hardly exceeding the
calyx. 1<;.?G. Native of New Spain, near Real del Monte
and RIoran ; and of the province of Quito, near Chillo, at the
altitude of 1350 hexapods ; and of the South of Brazil, Sello.
C. hyssopifolia, Willd. herb. no. 11697. Leaves 3-nerved, 1^
to 2 inches long, and 3 lines broad ; floral ones red, dilated at
apex. Calyx cleft on one side, and 2-lobed on the other. Co-
rolla white.
Litltospermum-like Castilleja. PI. 1 foot.
11 C. occidenta'lis (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 230.) stem
herbaceous, simple, pilose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated
at apex, minutely pubescent, quite entire, acutish ; flowers spi-
cate, sessile ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; bracteas
trifid, with erect segments. l/.H. Native of North America,
among the rocky mountains. Leaves sessile, 3-nerved. Spike
simple, oblong. Middle segments of the bracteas sometimes
trifid. Calyx a little cleft on one side, 4-toothed.
IVeslern Castilleja. PI. 4 to i foot.
12 C. scoRzoNERiFOLiA (H. B". et Kuuth, 1. c. p. 331. t. 165.)
stem herbaceous, simple, ? pilosely hispid ; leaves linear, dilated
at the base, half stem-clasping, entire, rather hispid : floral ones
bractea-formed, coloured ; flowers spicate, sessile ; corolla hardly
exceeding the calyx. %. G. Native of New Spain, on rocks
near Pascuaro and Ario, at the altitude of 1100 hexapods.
Stem angular, reddish. Leaves 3-nerved, about 3 inches long,
and 2-3 lines broad : floral ones purplish. Calyx cleft on both
sides ; segments emarginately bidentate. Corolla pilose. Very
nearly allied to the preceding.
Scorzonera-leaved Castilleja. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. IL Euchroma (from ev, eu, well ; and xpw/ja, chroma,
colour ; in allusion to the common name of the species in North
America. " Painted cup," from the brilliant colouring of the
bracteas.) Euchroma, Nutt. gen. amcr. 2. p. 54. Calyx
spathe-formed, bifid, or emarginate, or quadrifid ; segments
subulate. Anthers linear, with unequal lobes, all cohering in
the form of an oblong disk. — Herbaceous plants with simple
stems. This section diflTers from the first in the anthers being
connected, and in their cells being unequal.
§ 1. Calyx spathe-formed, 2-lobeJ, or quadrifid, inclined to
one side.
13 C. cocci'nea ; annual, or biennial; leaves, as well as the
coloured bracteas, divaricately trifid ; calyx bifid, nearly equal
with the corolla : segments retuse and emarginate. $ . H.
Native of the States, from New York to Virginia, and of the
Arkansas territory. Bartsia coccinea, Lin. spec. 8.'39. Euchroma
coccinea, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 55. — Pluck, aim. 283. t. 102.
f. 5.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 395. sect. 11. t. 13. f. 28. Corollas yel-
low. Bracteas scarlet.
Scarlet-hractead Painted Cup. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787.
PI. -I to 1 foot.
14 C. LATiFOLiA (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
154.) stem sub-herbaceous, branched, beset with hairy pubes-
cence at bottom, but rather villous at top ; leaves ovate-oblong,
obtuse, entire, densely pubescent ; floral leaves dilated, cune-
ated, trifid at apex : lobes short, obtuse, the middle one broad-
est ; flowers nearly sessile ; floriforous calyx sessile, equally
cleft both in front and back : lobes short, bluntly bidentate ;
tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx. 1/. H. Native
of California. Castilleja Toluccensis, Cham, in Linnsca, 2. p.
579 but not of Kunth. "This and C.folioldsa hehmj^ to the
same sub-genus or section of Castilleja, with Euchroma coc-
cinea of Nutt. having the same kind of calyx, while Castilleja
affinis has the same kind of calyx as Euchroma grandiflhra."
Arnott.
Broad-leaved Painted Cup. PI. 1 foot. ?
15 C. FOLioEOSA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
154.) plant clothed with snowy tomentum ; stem shrubby,
branched ; leaves crowded : lower ones linear, obtuse : upper
and floral ones divaricately tripartite, or rarely entire ; flowers
nearly sessile ; floriferous calyx tubular, equally cleft in front
and back : lol)es emarginate ; tube of corolla shorter than the
calyx. 1/ . H. Native of California. In some points this
plant agrees with Castilleja jissifoUa, Lin. The axils of the
leaves are furnished with a tuft of small leaves, or short abor-
tive branches.
Leafy Painted Cup. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
16 C. GRANDiFLORA ; perennial; leaves and uncoloured brac-
teas shortly trifid ; segments divaricate ; calyx 4-cleft, partly
oblique; corolla longer than the calyx, with the segments of
the lower lip acuminated. %. H. Native on the plains of the
Missouri, from the confluence of the river Platte to the Moun-
tains ; also near the Prairie du Chien, Mississippi. Euchroma
grandiflora, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 55. Castilleja sessiliflora,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 738. ? Bartsia tenuifolia, Pursh, fl.
2. p. 738.? Plant downy in every part. Corolla downy, 2-3
inches long, greenish white, a little rosaceous : upper lip almost
green.
Great-jlowered Painted Cup. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1811.
PI. li foot.?
17 C. purpu'rea ; leaves cuneated, trifid, or a little jagged;
bracteas red ; calyx and corollas coloured, quadrifid, unilateral ;
segments of corolla acute. 1/ . H. Native of the Arkansas,
on rocks in the hilly prairies of Red river. Euchroma purpu-
rea, Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. vol. 5. p. 180. Stem
tomentose, the leaves more slightly so. Calyx and corolla of a
brilliant reddish purple. Segments of calyx linear, all inclined
to one side, and nearly the length of the corolla : apex of the
upper lip of the corolla greenish. Nearly related to E. grandi-
Jlura, but diflfers in the proportion of the corolla, and the dilation
and brilliant colour of the bracteas.
Purple-dowered Painted Cup. PI. 1 foot. ?
§ 2. Calyx quadrifid, equal.
18 C. ambi'gua (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
154.) annual; stems many, branched a little ; leaves scattered:
lower ones lanceolate, obtuse : superior and floral leaves gradu-
ally increasing in size, dilated, and deeply multifid ; floriferous
calyx tubular, equally 4-cleft to the middle, with subulate seg-
ments ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx : upper lip short :
lower one 3-lobed : lateral lobes rounded, very concave : middle
one straight, mucrone-fornied. 1/ . ? H. Native of California.
Said to he nearly allied to Bartsia tenuifolia, Pursh. The
lower lip of the corolla is quite at variance with the character of
the genus, yet the upper lip and habit are the same. At each
side of the central lobe of the lower lip is a small gland, as in
several other species.
Ambiguous Painted Cup. PI. 1 foot. ?
19 C. PARviFLouA (Bougard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2.
p. 157.) stem simple, ascending, clothed with ovate, entire, or
cut, acute scales at the base, villous at top ; leaves scattered,
616
SCROPHULARINE/E. CI. Orthocarpus. CII. Schwalbea. CIII. Lafuentea. CIV. Teedia.
sessile, ovate-Umceolate, regularly jagged, with usually 3 seg-
ments on each side, opposite, divaricate : lower ones lanceolate,
acuminated : upper ones linear, acute : lower ones downy on
the nerves : uppermost ones more villous, an inch long ; flowers
densely racemose at the tops of the branches, sessile, red ;
bracteas conforming to the leaves, villous ; calyx tubular, 4-
cleft, with linear lobes ; corolla with a tricrenated upper lip,
and a tridentate lower one ; anthers sagittate, yellow. It. ? H.
Native of the Island of Sitcha. Said to be nearly allied to C
coccinea, but the flowers are one half smaller.
Small-fowered Painted Cup. PI. | to f foot.
20 C. angustifolia ; dwarf, hairy ; leaves divaricately tri-
fid ; radical ones simple, with linear, bliuitish segments ; brac-
teas trifid ; middle segment generally 3-lobed ; calyx quadrifid,
segtnents equal. %. H. Native in dry prairies, on the borders
of little Goddin river, near the source of the Columbia. Eu-
chroma angustifolia, Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 46.
Many stems from the same root, about 3-4 inches high, and
hairy ; the leaves covered with shorter pubescence, rather
hoary; the segments divaricate, bifid, trifid, and simple. Brac-
teas apparently of a lake colour. Corollas small, hardly longer
than the equal calyx.
Narrow-leared Painted Cup. PI. 5 to | foot.
21 C. Bradbu'rii ; rather pilose ; leaves palmately some-
what twice trifid, with linear segments ; bracteas divided like
the leaves ; calyx quadrifid, with equal segments. 1/. H. Na-
tive along with the preceding. Euchroma Bradbiirii, Nutt. 1. c.
p. 47. Stem simple. Leaves pubescent, trifidly divaricate
from the middle ; the central segment trifid. Bracteas appa-
rently scarlet, the central segment 3-lobed.
Bradbury' s Painted Cup. PI. \ foot.
Cult. The species are very difl^cult to cultivate. Peat is
the best soil for them. They may be grown in shady peat bor-
ders ; but are best in pots, being more easily sheltered during
winter, by placing them under a frame.
CI. ORTHOCA'RPUS (from op9oe, orlhos, straight ; and
(.apTToc, harpos, a fruit ; the straightness of the fruit readily dis-
tinguishes it from Melampyrum) Nutt. gen. amer 2. p. 56.
Lin. syst Dkhjnamia, Angiosj ermia. Calyx tubular, semi-
quadrifid. Corolla bilabiate, closed ; upper lip smaller, com-
pressed, with inflexed margins : lower lip concave, obsoletely
3-toothed, unexpanded. Anthers free ; cells unequal, divari-
cate. Capsule straight, elliptic-ovate, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-
seeded, opening on both sides ; dissepiment transverse. Seeds
small, with a winged lunate margin. — Annual. Stem simple.
Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers axillary, alternate, sessile,
and bracteate ; bracteas divaricately trifid. Corollas yellow.
1 O. lu'teus (Nutt. 1. c.) 0. H. Native in humid situ-
ations on the plains of the Missouri, near Fort Mandan, very
local. Flowers size and form of those oi Melampyrum at first
sight. Leaves lanceolate, linear, sessile, acute, opaque, and
are, as well as the bracteas and calyx, viscidly pubescent. Mar-
gins scabrous. Bracteas 3-nerved. Corolla yellow, smooth.
Stigma simple, minute.
Yellow-i^oviereA Orthocarpus. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Euphrasia, p. CI 1.
CII. SCHWA'LBEA (named by Christian George Schwalbe,
who has written a Botanical and Medical History of the Quina
of the shops). Grov. virg. 92. Schreb.gen.no. 1001. Lam.
ill. t. 520. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 54.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx ventricose,
tubular, obliquely 4-cleft : u])per segment shortest : the lower
large and emarginate, or bidentate. Corolla bilabiate : upper
lip entire, arched, the lower 3-lobed. Capsule ovate, nearly
terete, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment produced by the in-
flexed margins of the valves, and parallel with the longitudinal
receptacle. Seeds numerous, imbricate, linear, and winged. —
A perennial, herbaceous plant. Leaves alternate, entire. Flow-
ers axillary, racemose, alternate, on short pedicels. Calyx
mostly marked with 10-12 angular stripes, and conspicuously
bibracteate at the base. Said by Nuttall to belong to the An-
lirrhinece. Capsule without any transverse dissepiment, opening
longitudinally always below the adhering summit.
1 S. America'na (Lin. spec. p. 844.) i;.H. Native from
New York to Florida, generally occurring on the borders of
sjwgnose swamps, not far from the sea coast. — Plukn. mant. 73.
t. 348. f. 2. ? Corollas of a dull yellowish colour. Anthers
crescent-shaped.
American Schwalbea. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Caslilleja above.
CIII. LAFUE'NTEA (evidently named after some Spanish
botanist of the naine of La Fuente, of whom we know nothing.)
Lag. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 680.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla bilabiate : upper lip 2-cleft : lower one 3-cleft. Capsule
2-celled, many-seeded ; dissepiment equal. — A strong-scented,
suftVuticose plant, clothed with glandular, clammy hairs. Leaves
decussate, reniform, crenated. Spikes axillary, pedunculate,
solitary.
1 L. ROTi'NDiFOLiA (Lag. 1. c.) >j . F. Native of the South
of Spain.
Round-leaved Lafuentea. Shrub small.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Caslilleja, above.
Tb
X.
TEEDIE'jE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Teedia
in the nearly equal corolla and baccate fruit.) Calyx 5-parted.
Limb of corolla nearly equal. Fruit baccate.
CIV. TEE'DIA (meaning not explained by the author.)
Rudolf, in Schrad. journ. 2. p. 289. Ker. hot. reg. t. 209. and
214.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, with
subulate segments. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube cylindrical, a
little longer than the calyx, thrust in near the base in front, and
consequently gibbous behind ; throat pilose ; limb nearly regu-
lar, 5-cleft, with ovate, obtuse, equal segments. Stamens 4,
didynamous ; anthers didymous, roundish. Style shorter than
the stamens. Stigma subcapitate, convex, obsoletely bifid.
Berry globose, black, size of a large pea, girded by the calyx,
2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds inserted in parietal placentas,
oval, scrobiculate, ex Burch. — Suffrulicose, biennial herbs, na-
tives of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems tetragonal. Leaves
opposite, oblong-ovate, about 2 inches long, acuminated ; peti-
oles winged, half stem-clasping. Peduncles axillary, usually 3-
flovvered, forming terminal, leafy panicles. Corollas rose-co-
loured, with dark purple spots near the throat.
1 T. Lu'ciDA (Rutlolf 1. c. Pers. ench. 2. p. 166. Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 47.) leaves glabrous on both sur-
faces, like the rest of the plant. $ . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 209. Capraria lucida. Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol. 2. p. 353. Willd. spec. 3. p. 324.
Borckhausenia lucida. Roth, catalect. bot. 2. p. 56. Bracteas
subulate, length of peduncles.
Shining-leaved Teedia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1774. PL 1
to 2 feet.
2 T. pube'scens (Burch. in bot. reg. 214.) leaves downy on
both surfaces. $ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like the preceding species in habit.
Downy Teedia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SCROPHULARINE^. CV. Freylinia. CVI. HALtEniA. CVII. Pikria. CVIII. Dipiantiiera.
617
Cult. Both species are very pretty when in blossom. They
thrive best in rich light soil, and are readily increased by cut-
tings or seeds.
CV. FREYLI'NIA (meaning not explained by the author.)
Coll. Freyl. with a figure. C;iprkria species of Lin. and
Thunb.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosj^ermia. Calyx 5-partcd. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 4, une(jual, perfect, with the
rudiment of a filth. Drupe containing 4 2-seeded nuts. Shrubs
with opposite, entire leaves, and terminal panicles of flowers.
1 F. CESTROiDES (Coll. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, quite
entire, glabrous ; panicle terminal, composed of short racemes ;
segments of corolla revolute. Tj . F. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Capriiria lanceolata, Lin. suppl. 284. Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 1st. vol. 2. p. 354. Link, et Otto, icon. pi. hort. berol.
11. t. 4. Freylinia oppositifolia. Spin. seb. not. 13. Bfiddlea
glaberrima, Cat. hort. taur. 13. Leaves 2-3 inches long, acute,
striated, stiff. Corolla copper-coloured.
Cestrum-likc Freylinia. Fl. ? Clt. 1774. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
2 F. undula'ta ; leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, undu-
lated : upper ones subcordate, verticillate ; racemes spike-form-
ed, simple, y^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ca-
priria undulata, Lin. suppl. 284. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. p.
354. Lher. sert. ang. p. 21. Lam. ill. t. 534. f. 1. Sims, bet.
mag. 1556. Corollas purple, 5 times longer than the calyx.
Undiilaled-]eviveil Freylinia. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 F. UENsiFLORA (Benth. in Hook. comp. 2. p. 55.) lower
leaves verticillate : superior ones scattered, oblong-elliptic, flat-
tish, glabrous ; raceme dense, subpanicled ; corolla 3-4 times
longer than the calyx. ^ . G. Native of North Africa, in the
Uitenhage district.
Dense-Jlowered Freylinia. Shrub.
4 F. longifl6ra (Benth. 1. c.) leaves opposite or scattered,
oblong-elliptic, hardly undulated, glabrous ; raceme elongated,
simple ; corollas 5 times longer than the calyx. ^2 • G. Native
of North Africa, in Zwarteberg, Ecklon.
Long-Jloivered Freylinia. Shrub.
5 F. ? ri'gida ; leaves ovate, entire, glabrous ; flowers pani-
cled. \} . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Capraria
rigida, Thunb. prod. p. 103.
Stiff Freylinia. Shrub.
Cult. Some of the species of this genus will survive in the
open ground against a wall with a south or west aspect, with a
little protection in winter. They will grow freely in any light
rich soil, or a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and cuttings
strike root readily under a hand-glass.
Tribe XI. HALLERIE".S; (this tribe only contains the
genus Halleria.) Link. Calyx small, 3-4-lobed, unequal, per-
manent. Corolla large, funnel-shaped ; throat ventricose ; limb
erect, oblique, 4-cleft, unequal : upper segment the largest,
obtuse, and emarginate : the side ones shorter, broader, and
sharper : the lowest one very short, very slender, and very
sharp. Stamens 4, didynamous. Fruit baccate, roundish,
terminated by the style, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds flat,
roundish, winged. — A shrub with opposite, serrated, shining
leaves. Pedicels axillary, aggregate.
CVL HALLE'RIA (so named by Linnaeus in honour of the
famous Albert Haller, M.D., author of "Stirpes Helvetica:,"
and other considerable works on botany.) Lin. gen. no. 761.
Schreb. gen. no. 1020. Juss. gen. p. 118. ed. Usteri. p. 133.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. The character of the
genus the same as that of the tribe.
VOL. IV.
1 H. lu'cida (Lin. sjiec. 872.) leaves ovate, acuminated, ser-
rated ; corollas bilabiate ; calyx 3-lobed ; stamens exserted.
Tfl . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. Thunb.
nov. act. ups. 6. p. 39. Sims, bot. mag. 1744. — Burm. afr.
244. t. 89. f 2.— Duh. arb. ed. nov. fasc. 20. p. 239. t. 69.
Branches and leaves green. Leaves size of those of the Privet.
Corolla reddish, larne, drooping. Fruit roundish.
Shining-\evt\'eA Halleria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
2 H. Etii'pTicA (Thunb. nov. act. ups. 6. p. 39.) leaves ob-
long, acute, toothed, cuneiform at the base, and quite entire ;
corollas equal ; calyx 4-lobed ; stamens inclosed. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. H. lucida, /3, Lin. spec.
872.— Burm. afr. 243. t. 89. f. 1 Corolla red, drooping.
Fruit oblong. " Leaves elliptic. Corollas truncate. Calyx
5-leaved." ex Thunb. 1. c.
Elliptic-leaved Halleria. Fl. ? Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
Cult. These shrubs may be treated like other hardy green-
house plants, by being housed with myrtles in the winter. A
light rich earth is the best for them ; and cuttings root readily
under a hand glass. They require to be exposed as much
as possible to the air, and to have plenty of water given to
them during summer.
t Genera probably belonging to the order, but are not suffi-
ciently known.
CVH. PI'KRIA (from viKpor, jnkros, bitter ; from the bitter-
ness of the plant.) Lour. coch. p. 393. Pers. ench. 2. p. 165.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosjierinia. Calyx 4-leaved, de-
ciduous, longer than the corolla ; alternate leaves linear, and
shorter. Corolla tubular, ringent, bilabiate ; tube constricted
in the middle : upper lip spatulate, emarginate : lower lip larger
and trifid, with equal, roundish segments. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous ; the 2 longer filaments streaked by a papillose tube, and
bearing 1-celled anthers, and the two shorter ones bearing 2-
celled, connected anthers. Berry ovate, 2-celled, many-seeded.
— A very bitter, medicinal plant, with ovate serrated leaves, and
crowded flowers.
1 P. Fe'l-te'rh^; (Lour. 1. c.) 1/ . ? G. Native of China
and Cochinciiina. Stem tetragonal.
Earth-gall Pikria. PI. Ij foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Castilleja, p. 616.
CVIIL DIPLANTHE^RA (from ^lttXooq, diploos, double;
and afdiipa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the cells of the
anthers being distinct and diverging, therefore they appear
double.) R. Br. prod. p. 548.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx trifid; upper
segment entire : lateral ones bifid. Corolla bilabiate ; throat
compressed ; upper lip obcordate : lower one tripartite, with
roundish lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in the bottom of the
corolla, exserted, nearly equal, ascending ; cells of anthers dis-
tinct, diverging, reflexed to the sides of the filaments in eesu-
vation. Ovarium 2-celled, many-seeded ; placentas 2, adnate
in each cell. Stigma bilamellate. Pericarp unknown. — A mid-
dle-sized tree, with a difl!'use, irregular tufted top. Branches
terete, tomentose. Leaves 4 in a whorl, large, petiolate, entire,
biglandular above the base. Thyrse terminal, roundish, de-
pressed. Partial peduncles verticillate ; pedicels trichotomous.
Flowers showy. Calyx half coloured. Corolla yellow. This
genus is probably nearer allied to Halleria than to any other.
1 D. tetrapiiy'lla (R. Br. 1. c. p. 449.) f? . S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Four-leaved Diplanthera. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Halleria above.
4 K
618
SCROPHULARINE^. CIX, Gomara. CX. Rhynchoglossum. RHINANTHACEiE. I. Rhinanthus.
CIX, GOMA'RA (Lopez de Gomara, a Spanish botanist,
mentioned by Tournefort in his Isagoge Flore du Perou.) Ruiz,
et Pav. fl. per. syst. 168.
Lin. syst. Didynamm, Angiosperm'ia. Calyx 4-cleft. Co-
rolla irregular ; tube curved, coarctate in the middle ; nectary
cup-shaped, membranous. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-celled,
2-valved, many-seeded.
1 C. RACEMOSA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
denticulated at apex ; (lowers racemose. — Native of Peru, in
woods ; flowering in the autumn.
Racemose- Aov: eve A Gomara. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Jngelonia, p. 609.
CX. RHYNCHOGLO'SSUM (from pvyxoc, rhynchos, a beak ;
and yXwo-o-a, glossa, a tongue.) Blum, bijdr. p. 741.
Lin. syst. Didymmia, Aiigios-permia. Calyx bilabiate : upper
lip trifid : lower one bifid. Corolla ringent : upper lip bifid,
reflexed : lower lip larger and semi-trifid : middle segment the
largest ; throat bicallous. Stamens 4, almost inclosed, 2 of
these sterile, and very small ; anthers connected. Stigma ob-
tuse. Capsule beaked, 1-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment double,
incomplete, contrary to the valves ; valves inflexed on both
sides, and placentiferous.— A much branched, rather downy
herb. Leaves alternate, (one being supra-axillary, and stipule-
formed,) oblong, very oblique. Raceme terminal, drooping ;
pedicels secund. Said by Blum, to be nearly allied to Gerdrdia.
1 R. obli'quum (Blum. 1. c.) It. S. Native of Java, on
the Seribu mountains. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 80.
Oblique-\ea.ved Rhynchoglossum. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Angelonia, p. 609.
Order CLXX. RHINANTHA'CEiE (this order contains
plants agreeing with the genus Rhinanthus in the charac-
ters given below.) D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 454. D. Don. in edinb.
phil. journ. vol. 33. p. 112. July 1835. Melampyraceee
Richard. Pediculares part, Juss. gen. p. 99. ed. Usteri. p. 111.
Calyx tubular, 4-5-cleft, permanent. Corolla tubular, hypo-
gynous, deciduous, irregular, imbricate in aestivation ; upper
lip usually galeate. Stamens 4, didynamous, all fertile ; anthers
spurred at the base. Ovarium 2-celled. Stigma undivided.
Capsule 2-celIed, 2-4-valved, many-seeded. Testa of seeds
membranous. Albumen copious, fleshy. Embryo inverted,
terete ; radicle centrifugal, remote from the umbilicus. — Usu-
ally humble, herbaceous, rarely suffruticose plants, natives of
Europe, Asia, and North America. Leaves usually opposite,
and pinnatifid. Flowers terminal, spicate, bracteate. This is
intimately allied to the preceding order, but is satisfactorily
distinguished by its inverted embryo, with the radicle directed
to the opposite extremity of the seed. The tribe Euphrasiice
of Scrojihularinece have been included by most botanists in this
family, and were they to be retained, the separation between it
and the preceding order would be impossible. Cymbdria differs
from the rest of the genera in the very considerable degree of
developement of its embryo.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe L
Riiinantiiie'.e. Embryo minute at the apex of the albumen.
1 Rhina'nthus. Calyx compressed, membranaceously in-
flated. Upper lip of corolla galeate. Seeds few, girded by the
membranous wing. — Alectorolophus, Stev.
2 E'lephas. Superior lip of corolla linear, beak-like. Seeds
few, striated. — Rhinanthus, Stev.
3 Pedicula^ris. Calyx 5-cleft, or unequally 2-3-cleft. Upper
lip of corolla galeate, elongated, usually incurved. Seeds girded
by a membrane.
4 Melampy'rum. Galea of corolla compressed, with repli-
cate lobes. Seeds large, wingless, one in each cell.
5 Parentuce'lha. Upper lip of corolla galeate, concave :
lower one linear at the base, channelled, 3-lobed at top. Calyx
5-toothcd, inflated. Seeds wingless.
6 Triphysa'ria. Superior lip of corolla subulate : lower one
tripartite, with saccate segments ; anthers 1-celled. Calyx
4-cleft. Seeds wingless.
Tribe IL
Cymbarie^.e. Embryo rather foliaceous, almost the length
of the albumen.
7 Cymba'ria. Corolla tubularly ventricose. Calyx 10-
parted.
I. RHINA'NTHUS (from p<v, rhin, a snout; and (nBoQ,
anthos, a flower; so named from its ringent corolla.) Lin. gen.
no. 740. Schreb. gen. no. 997. Juss. gen. p. 101. ed. Usteri.
p. 113. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 255. t. 54. f. 5. Lam. ill. t. 517.
f 1. Schkuhr, handb. t. 169. Alectorolophus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2.
p. 68. Stev. mon. ped. p. 4. Ledeb. fl- alt. 3. p. 419. —
Pedicul^ris species, Tourn. inst. 77. — Cristagalli, Riv. mon. irr.
t. 92. f. 2, and of many other old authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx compressed,
membranous, inflated, 4-toothed. Superior lip of corolla gale-
ate, compressed, bidcntate at apex : lower one spreading, 3-
lobed. Anthers bipartite, jnutic, villous. Capsule 2-celled,
obtuse, compressed. Seeds compressed, marginate, or girded
by a membranous wing. — Marsh annual plants, natives of
Europe. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, deeply toothed,
cordate at the base. Flowers opposite, bracteate, disposed in
terminal, secund spikes or racemes. Corollas yellow.
] R. Crista-ga'lli (Lin. spec. p. 840.) stem slightly branch-
ed ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; calyx smooth ; style inclosed ;
seeds with a dilated, membranous border. ©. H. Native of
Europe and America, in barren pastures and meadows ; plentiful
in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 657. Curt. lond. 5. t. 43. Fl.
dan. 981.? Mart. fl. rust. 148. R. minor, Ehrh. herb. 46.
beitr. 6. p. 141. Alectorolophos crista-galli, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2.
p. 68. Mimulus crista-galli. Scop. fl. cam. no. 751. Alec-
torolophus glaber. All. ped. no.
206. Hall. helv. no. 313. Cris-
ta-galli femina, Bauh. hist. 3. p.
436. f. 3. Dill. giss. append.
44. Crista-galli, Riv. mon. irr.
92. f. 3. Stem branched, qua-
drangular. Calyx greenish yel-
low ; segments of the upper lip
short, bluish. The plant has
the name of yellow-rattle from
the yellow flowers and rattling
of the seeds in the capsule when
ripe ; and for the same reason
it is called rattle-boxes in Le-
land. It is known in some
counties by the name of Penny-
grass, and in Yorkshire by that
of Henpenny, from the shape
and size of the seed-vessels, like
1
FIG. 60.
[^
fl^ f
RHINANTHACE^. I. Rhinantiius. II. Elephas. III. Pedicularis.
019
the silver penny. Its other appellation of Cockscomb is derived
from the appearance of the upper leaves, or bracteas, which
accompany the flowers. Mr. Miller says, that the Dutch for-
merly carried on a trade with the seeds and seed vessels of a
species of this genus to Germany. They call it Semen .Sava-
dillos, and it appears very like the seed vessels of this sort.
The use they make of it is to kill vermin, especially bugs.
They boil a quantity of the seeds and capsules in common
water, with which they wash their wainscot, bedsteads, &c.
and it is said effectually to destroy the insects.
Cockscomb, or Common Yellow Rattle. Fl. June, July.
Britain. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
2 R. ma'jor (Ehrh. herb. 56. beitr. 6. p. 144.) stem much
branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated ; bracteas taper-
pointed ; calyx smooth ; style prominent ; seeds slightly bor-
dered. 0. H. Native of Europe, in corn fields; in the
north of England, in Yorkshire, Northumberland, Durham, &c.
R. Crista-galli, y, of authors, /3. Lin. spec. 840. R. Alectoro-
lophus. Poll. pall. no. 580. Hoffm. fl. germ. 215. Roth. fl.
germ. 1. p. 264. 2. p. 53. Corolla yellow, with a purple
upper lip ; tube incurved.
Larger Yellow Rattle. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
3 R. iiirsu'ta (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 353.) stem branched ; leaves
lanceolate, serrated ; style inclosed ; ? calyx hairy ; seeds with
a membranous border. ©. H. Native of Middle Europe, as
of France, Switzerland, &c. in dry pastures. Mimulus Alecto-
rolophus. Scop. earn. no. 752. Alectorolophus hirsutus. All.
ped. no. 201. — Hall, helv. no. 314. Crista-galli mas. Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 436. R. crista-galli, y, Lin. spec. 840. Corolla
yellow, with a purplish upper lip. ? Perhaps a variety of R.
crista-galli.
//airy-calyxed Yellow Rattle. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in moist soil, and they will grow and
flower in cultivation.
II. E'LEPHAS (from elephas, an elephant; from the resem-
blance of the upper lip of the corolla to the proboscis of that
animal.) Column, ecphr. 1. p. 186. t. 181. Tourn. cor. 48.
itin. 2. p. 299. t. 299. Rhinauthus, Stev. raon. ped. p. 3. —
Rhinanthus species of authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, /ingiosjiermia. Calyx bipartite, even
to the base : lower lip bipartite : upper lip entire, or bidentate.
Upper lip of corolla beak-like, tubular : lower lip trifid. Cap-
sule 2-celled, 2-valved, obtuse, compressed. Seeds few, simple,
striated. — Erect, annual, hairy, branched plants. Leaves oppo-
site, serrated. Flowers opposite, disposed in terminal bracteate
racemes or spikes. Corollas yellow.
1 C. incu'rva ; upper lip of corolla subulate, incurved ;
calyx 4-clel't, the first under the beak of the corolla, the lateral
ones reflexed on both sides, and the fourth straight and obtuse.
0. H. Native of the Levant. Rhinanthus orientalis, Lin.
spec. 840. Mill. diet. no. 2. E'Icphas orientalis flore magno,
proboscide incurva, Tourn. cor. p. 48. itin. 2. p. 96. & 126.
with a figure. Tournefort says this is one of the most showy
plants that the Levant produces.
Incurvcd-hcaked Elephas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI.
1 1 foot.
2 C. re'cta ; upper lip of corolla subulate, straight ; calyx
trifid, 2 of the segments reflexed, and the third larger, straight,
plicate, and acute. Q. H. Native of Italy and Siberia, in
shady places ; on the coast of the Black Sea, by Tournefort ;
also of Caucasus. E'lephas orientalis, Bieb. cauc. 2. p. 69.
Rhinanthus clepha?, Lin. spec. 840. Lerchc, in nov. act. A.
N. C. 85. append. 183. E'lephas Campoclarensium, Col. ecphr.
l.p. 186. t. 188. — E'lephas Italica, flore magno, proboscide sur-
rccta, Tourn. cor. 48. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 432. sect. 11. t. 24. f.
14. Habit of the preceding.
I'cir. ji, parvijibra ; flowers smaller. ©. H. Native of the
Levant. E'lephas orientalis flore parvo, proboscide surrectS,
Tourn. cor. p. 48. itin. 3. p. 54.
^<ra!»;;ff/j<-beaked Elephas. Fl. Jidy, Aug, Clt. 1759. PI.
li foot.'
Cull. For culture and propagation see Rhinanthus above.
Ill, PEDICULA^RIS (from pediculus, a louse ; from its sup-
posed quality of making sheep that feed on it lousy.) Tourn.
cor. t. 77. Lin. gen. 794. Schreb. gen. no. 1067. Rottb. in
coll. hafn. 2. p. 255. Gasrtn. fruct. 1. p. 246. t. 53. f. 5.
Lam. ill. 517. Schkuhr, handb. t. 171. Stev. mon. ped.
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 424.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-
toothed, or unequally 2-3-toothed. Upper lip of corolla galeate,
elongated, usually incurved : lower lip trifid, closed, or often
spreading. Stamens didynamous. Cells of anthers usually acute,
but sometimes obtuse and spurred. Stigma subcapitate. Cap-
side obliquely mucronate, rarely globose and straiglit ; valves
entire. Seeds girded by a membranous testa, rarely naked. —
Usually simple herbs. Leaves alternate, opposite, or verticil-
late, deeply toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers sessile, disposed in
dense, terminal, interrupted spikes.
Sect. I. PERsoNA^TyE (so named from the personate corollas.)
Stev. mon. ped. p. 17. Leaves opposite. Lower lip of corolla
erect, e.x Stev. Lips of corolla closed, ex Benth.
1 P. GRANDIFEORA (Fisch, in. mem. nat. cur. mosq. 3. p. 60.
no. 3. Stev. mon. p. 17. t. 2.) galea of the corolla, which is
closed, falcate ; leaves tripinnatifid. 1/ . H. Native of Dauria.
Plant glabrous. Radical leaves a span long. Flowers rather
remote. Bracteas broad, jagged. Calyx of P. sceplrum. Co-
rollas purple. Filaments villous at the base. Cells of anthers
awned.
Great-Jlonered Lousewort. PI. 1^ foot.
2 P. sce'ptrum CarolInum (Lin. spec. 845.) lips closed ; co-
rolla nearly equal ; galea obtuse; leaves pinnatifid: lobes ovate,
crenulated ; stem few-leaved. 1/ . H. Native from Bothnia to
Dauria, in boggy or spongy parts of woods ; in Russia, to lat.
550 ; in Europe, not further south than the tops of the alps of
Salisburgh. Fl. dan. t. 26. Rudb. itin. 1. t. 1. Lin. fl. lapp.
no. 243. t. 4. f. 4, 5. Plant glabrous. Spike interrupted.
Flowers twin or tern. Lower bracteas leafy : upper ones ovate,
serrated. Corollas an inch long, golden-yellow : lower lip
tinged with purple or blood-colour. Filaments glabrous. Cells
of anthers obtuse. Rudbeck named this plant Sceptrum Caro-
Dnum, in honour of Charles II. king of Sweden, from its manner
of growth like a sceptre. The plant is common in Norway,
Denmark, and Lapland. In the plant figured in Flora Danica,
the leaves, bracteas, and flowers are 3-4 in a whorl.
Charles's Sceptre. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1793. PL 3 to 4 feet.
3 P. lanceola'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 18. Stev.
mon. p. 18.) lips of clo-.cd corolla nearly equal ; galea some-
what beaked ; stem leafy ; leaves lanceolate, opposite. 1/ . H.
Native of North America, in the States. Pursh, fl. 2. p. 425.
P. Virginica, Poir. diet. 5. p. 126. P. pallida, Nutt. gen.
amer. 2. p. 50. Pursh, 1. c. P. serotina, Muhl. cat. Stem
usually simple, glabrous at top, but furnished with 2 rows of
villi at base. Leaves doubly crenated, cut, downy beneath.
Spikes dense, 1| inch long. Bracteas ovate, crenated. Calyx
obliquely 2-lobed : lobes crenulated. Corollas yellow, smaller
than those of P. sceptrum Carolinum. Filaments glabrous.
Cells of anthers obtuse.
iancco/a/eleaved Lousewort. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
4k2
620
RHINANTHACE^. III. Pedicularis.
4 P. capita'ta (Adams, in mem. nat. cur. mosc. 5. p. 100.
no. 8. Stev. mon. p. 1 9. t. 3. f. 2.) lower lip of corolla, which
is closed, about half the length of the upper one : galea obtuse ;
stem nearly naked ; leaves bipinnatifid ; heads few-flowered.
11. H. Native of Siberia, at the mouth of the Lena, Adams ;
Kamtschatka, Steller ; Unalaschka, Langsdorf; Russian Ame-
rica, Chamisso. Stem downy, 2-edged at top, and twisted.
Leaves downy beneath : radical ones few : cauline one usually
solitary. Bracteas foliaceous, villous. Corollas yellow, size of
those of P. sceplrum Carollnum. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments
toothed, oblong. Anthers hardly cordate.
Ca^jito/e-flowered Lousewort. PI. 5 to J foot.
5 P. sTRiA^TA (Pall. itin. 3. p. 266. 321. 435. 737. no. 98. t.
R. f. 2. Willd. spec. 3. p. 208. no. 12. Stev. mon. p. 20.)
corolla closed ; galea acutely bidentate ; leaves pinnate, with
linear, serrulated segments. %. H. Native of Dauria, in high
exposed places about Kjachta and elsewhere. P. venosa, Pall,
herb. Corollas size of those of P. sceptrum. Galea drawn out
into a beak, as in P. combsa. Two of the filaments bearded.
Cajisule acuminated. Cells of anthers acute.
Siriatcd Lousewort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
6 P. Ava'na (Wall. cat. no. 1007. Benth. scroph. ind. p.
52.) diffuse, hairy ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid ; with short, lan-
ceolate, rather cut segments ; calyx 5-parted, with linear, quite
entire segments ; both lips of corolla nearly equal ; galea
straight, obtuse : lower lip shortly 3-lobed. 2/. H. Native of
the Birman Empire, near Ava, towards Mount Taong Dong.
Perhaps not a species of this genus.
Ava Lousewort. PI. ?
Sect. IL Vertictlla't^ (so named from the leaves being
disposed in whorls or verticils.) Stev. mon. ped. p. 20. Co-
rolla ringent. Leaves verticillate.
§ 1. Rostra"t«. Galea beaked.
7 P. Chamissonis (Stev. mon. p. 20, t. 4.) leaves pinnatifid,
4 in a whorl, with lanceplate segments : lower segments pinna-
tifid : upper ones serrated ; galea uncinate. 0. H. Native of
Siberia, on the Corgon alps frequent, Pallas ; Unalaschka, Langs-
dorf and Chamisso. P. hamata, Bieb. herb. — A showy gla-
brous plant. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla yellow, drying purple.
Galea drawn out into an acute, deflexed, or straight, toothless
beak. Capsule very oblique, with a long mucrone.
Chamisso's Lousewort. PI. 1 foot.
8 P. myriophy'lla (Pall. itin. 3. pp. 331. 446. 737. no. 99.
t. S. f. 1. A.) leaves 4 in a whorl, bipinnatifid, with linear seg-
ments; galea of corolla hooked, l/ . H. Native of Siberia, on
rocks at the river Jenesee ; in alpine marshes of Dauria, at the
river Kirkun, among the Altaian mountains. Radical leaves
length of stem, bipinnate. Whorls of flowers crowded, spicate.
Calyx 5-toothed. Beak of galea hooked, bidentate. Two of
the filaments bearded. Anthers sagittate. Capsule oblique,
acuminated.
il/ynVfrf-leaved Lousewort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI.
1 foot.
9 P. ABROTANiFOLiA (Bieb. in Stev. mon. p. 22. t. 5. f. 1.
Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. I. 275.) leaves 4 in a whorl, bipinnatifid,
with linear segments ; galea of corolla straight, a little beaked.
0. H. Native of Ulterior Siberia. P. verticillata, ft, Willd.
spec. 3. p. 214. Plant downy. Stem branched at base. Spike
dense, hairy. Calyx hairy, 5-toothed : teeth linear, and are, as
well as the bracteas, hairy, ciliated : lower one usually serrated.
Corolla sulphur-coloured. Beak of galea short, obtu.se. Sta-
mens glabrous. Capsule oblique, hardly mucronate.
Var. ft, glahrescens (Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 426.) plant earlier
and taller than the species ; calyxes and bracteas smoothish ;
spike interrupted at the base. ^ . ? H. Native of Altaia, on
dry mountains at the river Tschuja.
Southern-rvood-leaved Lousewort. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
10 P. iNTERRu'pTA (Stephan, in litt. ex Willd. spec. 3. p. 214.
Stev. mon. p. 23. t. 6.) leaves 4 in a whorl, pinnatifid, with lan-
ceolate, deeply serrated segments ; galea of corolla dilated,
hemispherical, with a very short beak. %, H. Native of the
Altaian mountains. Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 434. Stem sim-
ple. Spike interrupted. Whorles of spikes 6-8- flowered.
Lower bracteas denticulated. Calyx smoothish, 5-cleft ; seg-
ments serrated. Corollas pale yellow, ex Ledeb. Stamens
glabrous. Capsule oblique, mucronate. Beak of galea almost
toothless.
Interrupled-s\nkeA Lousewort. PI. J to 1 foot.
11 P. gra'cilis (Wall. cat. no. 413. Benth. scrop. ind. p.
52.) tall, and paniculately branched ; stem bifariously pilose ;
leaves 4 in a whorl, pinnatifid, with oblong, obtuse, serrulated or
cut segments ; flowers distant ; calyx cleft on one side : teeth
short, obtuse, quite entire ; beak of galea slender, straight. —
Native of ^ipaul, in Gosaintiian and Kamaon, Wall ; Mussoo-
ree, Royle. P. stricta. Wall. cat. no. 414. P. Brunoniana,
Wall. cat. no. 422. There are varieties of this with the leaves
more or less cut.
Slender Lousewort. PI. tall.
12 P. pectina'ta (Wall. cat. no. 420. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 52.) erect, tall, nearly simple, glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid,
with lanceolate, acute, serrated, or pinnatifid segments ; spike
rather loose ; teeth of calyx short, entire ; beak of galea long,
twisted at apex. 1/ . ? H. Native of Kamaon, Wall. ; Choor,
Pyr Pundjal, and towards Cashmere, Royle.
Pectinate-\e!i\eA Lousewort. PI. tall.
13 P. pyramida'ta (Royle, mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p.
52.) erect, tall, nearly simple ; stem quadrifariously pilose ;
leaves pinnatifid, with oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, serrately cre-
nated, or somewhat pinnatifid segments ; spike interrupted at
the base ; calyx hairy, with short, acute, quite entire teeth ;
beak linear, twisted, twice as long as the galea itself. — Native of
the Himalaya, towards Cashmere, Royle.
Pyramidal-%^\VeA Lousewort. PI. tall.
14 P. TENUiRosTRis (Bcntli. scroph. ind. p. 52.) tall, erect,
nearly simple ; stem quadrifariously pilose ; leaves pinnatifid,
with ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenulated segments : spike dense,
imbricate ; calyxes hairy, with short, quite entire teeth ; beak
slender, and a little twisted at top, hardly longer than the galea
itself. — Native at Pyr Pundjal, Royle.
iS7eK(/er-beaked Lousewort. PI. tall.
15 P. porre'cta (Wall. cat. no. 423.) humble, ascending,
nearly simple ; stem furnished with 2-3 rows of hairs ; leaves
pinnatifid, with oblong, obtuse, deeply serrated segments ; spike
rather loose, few-flowered ; calyx glabrous, with short, rather
crested teeth ; beak of galea long, slender, incurved, a little
twisted. %. H. Native of Kamaon, Wall; at Shalma, and
towards Cashmere, Royle.
Stretched Lousewort. PI. 5 foot.
16 P. BREViFOLiA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 94.) stem erect-
ish, dwarf, simple, clothed with hoary villi at top ; leaves ovate,
villous, pinnatifid, with short, deeply toothed segments ; spike
rather dense ; calyx hairy, with short crested teeth ; beak of
galea slender, long, straight. 0. H. Native of Nipaul, in
Gosainthan, Wall. P. laciniata, Wall. cat. no. 419. Corolla
purple.
6'/ior<-leaved Lousewort. PI. \ foot.
§ 2. Erostra't*. Galea without a beak.
17 P. MOLLIS (Wall. cat. no. 415. Benth. scroph. ind. p.
53.) stem erect, tall, branched, hairy at apex ; leaves hairy,
RHINANTHACEiE. III. Pedicularis.
621
pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, with oblong-lanceolate, deeply serrated
segments ; spikes interrupted, slender ; calycine teeth oblong,
crested ; galea straight, toothless and beakless. — Native of Ni-
paul, in Gosainsthan, Wallich. Corolla slender, hardly 4 lines
long.
Soft Loiisewort. PI. tall.
18 P. verticilla'ta (Lin. spec. 846.) erect, nearly simple,
rather hairy at top ; leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, with oblong or
ovate, obtuse, toothed segments ; spikes dense, or interrupted at
the base ; calyx hairy, 5-toothed : teeth short, entire ; galea
straight, toothless and beakless. %. H. Native of the western
alps of Europe ; Kanaour, Royle. Jacq. fl. austr. 3. t. 206.
Hall. helv. ed. 2d. no. 318. t. 9. f. 1. Hall. helv. ed. 1st. no.
623. t. 17. f. 1. Flowers pedicellate. Corolla rose-coloured or
white ; both lips equal in length. Longer filaments bearded ;
pairs of anthers contiguous. Capsule acuminated, nearly
straight.
I'ar. /3, Sibirica ; plant more hairy ; teeth of calyx serrated :
capsule twice as long as the calyx; corolla smaller. 1/. H.
Native of Dauria, about Doroninsk, at the river Corgon, and on
the Ural mountains ; and of Altaia. P. verticillata, Pall. itin.
3. p. 34. 242. 444.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 206. no. IS. Hardly dis-
tinct from the species.
/F/ior/erf-leaved Lousewort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1790. PI.
^ to 1 foot.
19 P. subrostra'ta (iMeyer. verz. pflanz. p. 108.) stem sim-
ple ; cauline leaves 4 in a whorl, pinnatifid ; segments short,
blunt ; flowers densely spicate ; calyx smoothish, semiquin-
quefid ; corolla purple, ringenl ; galea straight, with a short
beak. If.. H. Native of Caucasus, in alpine meadows, at the
altitude of 1200 to 1400 hexapods. Leaves of P. verticillata,
and corollas of P. adiinca.
Subrostrate-iiowered Lousewort. PI. ^ to 1 foot. ?
20 P. Steve'nii (Bunge, in Ledeh. fl. alt. 2. p. 427.) plant
ascending, glabrous, except the angles of the stems ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, pinnatifid, with ovate, obtuse, doubly serrated, imbri-
cate segments, having white cartilaginous margins ; spikes com-
posed of distant whorls; galea straight, obtuse, shorter than the
lower lip; calyx hairy, one half shorter than the capsule. %.
H. Native of Dauria and Altaia, in humid places at the river
Tscharysch, and at the fountains of the river Jebagan. P. ver-
ticillata, y, Stev. mon. p. 24, 25. Two of the filaments are
bearded. Pairs of anthers remote.
Steven's Lousewort. Fl. June, July. PI. J to I foot.
21 P. spica'ta (Pall. itin. 3. p. 444. 738. no. 100. t. S. f. 2.
B.) leaves 4 in a whorl, pinnatifid, with obtuse segments ; calyx
2-lobed ; galea of corolla straight, obtuse. TJ.. H. Native of
Dauria, in marshes ; in shady places at Imgoda. Stem branch-
ed. Leaves sometimes 5 in a whorl : the uppermost ones often
quite entire. Spike dense, elongated. Calyx hairy : lobes
rounded, rarely obsoleiely toothed. Corollas purple, like those
of P. verticillata. Galea shorter than the lower lip. Capsule
oblique, mucronate,
Spicate-Rowered Lousewort. PI. 1 foot.
22 P. amce'na (Adams, ex Stev. mon. p. 25. t. 7.) leaves 4
in a whorl, pinnatifid, with linear, acutely serrated, or cut seg-
ments ; calyx 5-clefl, with- ovate-linear segments ; galea of co-
rolla straight, obtuse, shorter than the lower lip. 11. H. Native
of Kamtschatka and the Curil Islands, Steller; and at the
mouth of the river Lena. V. arctica, Bieb. herb. The plant
is, with tiie angles of the stem, hardly downy. Corolla larger
than that of P. verlicillata, beautiful purple. Stamens all gla-
brous. Hardly distinct from P. verlicillata.
Far. ly, alba ; flowers white. I^.H. Native of the Altaian
mountains.
Pleasant Lousewort. PI. | to 1 foot.
23 P. Cauca'sica (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 72. Stev. in mem.
mosq. 3. p. 267. mon. p. 26. t. 8.) stems simple ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, pinnatifid, with obtuse, sharply serrated segments ; calyx
5-cleft, with serrated segments ; galea straight, obtuse, very
short. 11. H. Native of Caucasus, on alps, Casbek and
Schagdag ; and on the alps in the north of Persia, Hablitz.
Spikes terminal, short. Calyx hairy.
Caucasian Lousewort. PI. ^ foot.
Sect. IIL Siphona'ntha (from anpuy, siphon, a tube; and
avdog, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to tlie long tube of corolla.)
Leaves alternate. Corolla ringent ; tube much exserted ; galea
falcate, beaked ; beak proboscis-like, twisted or hooked.
24 P. siphona'ntha (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 95.) plant
humble, tufted, smoothish ; leaves elongated, pinnate : leaflets
short, oblong, serrated ; spikes short ; calyx hairy, cleft on one
side or bifid, crested ; tube of corolla 4 times longer than the
calyx ; beak of galea proboscis-like, twisted and emarginate.
%. F. Native of Nipaul, on Gosainthan, where it is called
Cheelomoote Swa by the natives. Stem and petioles villous.
Leaves glabrous. Lateral lobes of calyx 2-lobed or toothed.
Corolla purple. Lobes of lower lip of corolla and filaments
ciliated.
Tube-flowered Lousewort. PI. j foot, tufted.
25 P. Hookeria'na (Wall. cat. no. 421. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 53.) plant ascending, a little branched, smoothish ; leaves
pinnate or pinnatifid, with oblong or ovate, toothed or pinnatifid
segments ; calyx hairy, cleft on one side or bifid, crested ; tube
of corolla about 3 times longer than the calyx; beak of galea
proboscis-like, twisted, and emarginate. 1/.? F. Native of
Kamaon, Wall. ; at .Simla, and in Cashnnere, Royle. Corolla
reddish purple or white.
Hooker's Lousewort. PI. ascending.
26 P. megala'ntha (D. Don, fl. nep. p. 94.) plant erect,
glabrous or hairy at top ; leaves pinnatifid, with oblong or ovate,
pinnatifid or serrated segments ; spikes at length elongated, in-
terrupted ; calyx 5-toothed, crested ; tube of corolla twice as
long as the calyx; beak of galea proboscis-like, twisted, and
trifid. 14. F. Native of Kamaon and Gosainthan, Wall.; at
Choor, in Mussoree and Cashmere, Royle. Stems simple.
Leaves glabrous. Pedicels and calyxes villous. Corolla large,
yellow. Filaments hairy.
Large -Jloyvered Lousewort. PI. | to 1 foot.
27 P. elephantoi'des (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 53.) plant
erect, pubescent ; leaves pinnatifid, with ovate-oblong, pinna-
tifid or toothed segments ; spikes elongated, dense ; calyx 5-
toothed, crested, cleft on one side ; tube of corolla one half
longer than the calyx ; beak of galea proboscis-like, ascending,
incurved and emarginate at top. 1^. ? H. Native at Pyr Pund-
jal, Royle.
Elephas-like Lousewort. PI. i to 1 foot. ?
Sect. IV. Faucide'ntes (from faux, the throat, and dens, a
tooth ; in reference to the upper lij) or galea being toothed be-
neath the middle.) Stev. mon. ped. p. 27. Corolla ringent.
Superior lip of corolla or galea with a tooth beneath the middle
on both sides. Stem branched. Leaves alternate.
28 P. Wlassovia'na (Stev. mon. p. 27. t. 9. f. 1.) superior
lip of corolla straight, with a toothlet on both sides beneath the
middle; leaves narrower, less divided than those ot P. pal&stris.
0. H. Native of Dauria, about Doroninsk, Wlassow. Habit
of P. palustris. Plant glabrous. Flowers on short pedicels :
lower ones remote : upper ones spicate. Calyx unequally 5-
toothed ; larger teeth serrated. Corolla size of that ot P.Jlain-
mea ; upper lip dark purple : lower one paler. Filaments cili-
ated. Capsule roundish, very oblique, with a straight niu-
crone.
622
RHINANTHACE^E. III. Pedicularis.
Wlassow's Lousevvort. PI. 1 foot.
29 P. PALu'sTRis (Lin. spec. 845.) upper lip of corolla fur-
nished witli a tooth on each side below the middle ; galea
dilated, gibbous. ©. H. Native of Europe, in marshes ; plen-
tiful in Britain, North of Russia, Siberia, Altaia, Aleutian Islands.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 399. — Riv. mon. t. 92. f. 1. — Petiv. brit. t.
36. f. 3. Branches spreading. Leaves bipinnate or pinnate,
with pinnatifid segments. Spikes loose. Corolla purple, vary-
ing to white ; lower lip fringed. In marshes and wet meadows
this is rather common, particularly in tlie North ; it is said to
be disagreeable to tattle, and thought by some to be destructive
to sheep.
Marsh Lousewort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
30 P. MACRODONTis (R. Br. in Richards, fl. no. 233.) stem
almost simple ; leaves pinnatifid ; segments linear, obtuse, sinu-
ately toothed or crenated ; flowers axillary, sessile ; calyx 2-
lobed, curled; galea very blunt, toothed at the throat. '2^. H.
Native of Hudson's Bay. Flowers like those of P. paltistris.
Large-tool lied-ca\yxed Lousewort. PI. 1 to Ij foot.
31 P. ADUNCA (Bieb. ex Stev. mon. p. 29. t. 5. f. 2.) upper
lip of corolla furnished with a tooth on each side beneath the
middle; galea falcate, beaked. ©. H. Native of Siberia and
Kamtschatka. P. palustris, var. Willd. spec. 3. p. 203. Plant
glabrous, branched. Leaves an inch long, deeply pinnatifid,
with toothed segments. Calyx 2-lobed : lobes ovate, denticu-
lated. Corollas smaller than those of P. palustris. Two of the
filaments ciliated at top. Capsule very oblique, mucronate.
Hooltcd Lousewort. PI. \ foot.
Sect. V. Rostra't;e (from rostra, a beak ; in allusion to the
galea of corolla being beaked.) Stev. mon. ped. p. 30. Leaves
alternate. Corolla ringent ; tube hardly exserted. Galea tooth-
less at the base, falcate ; beak straight.
32 P. carnosa (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 44. t. 154.)
erect, pubescent ; leaves oblong, obtuse, crenated, narrowed
at the base : lower ones petiolate ; spikes few-flowered, at length
elongated, interrupted ; calyx cleft on one side, obliquely 2-3-
cleft, crested a little ; corollas straight ; beak of galea slender,
straight ; lip very broad. 0. H. Native of Nipaul, at Narain-
hetty, Hamilt. ; at Choor, and in Mussooree, Royle. Corollas
large, rose-coloured.
Fleshy Lousewort. Pi. 1 to 2 feet.
33 P. furfura'cea (Wall. cat. no. 412. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 54.) plant ascending, branched a little ; leaves petiolate,
ovate : lower ones ample, half pinnatifid : lobes ovate, deeply
toothed or pinnatifid ; superior leaves small, deeply toothed, or
somewhat pinnatifid ; calyx cleft on one side, and 2-3-toothed
on the otlier ; beak of galea slender, straight, emarginate ; lower
lip very broad. ©.? H. Native of Nipaul, on Gosainsthan.
Scurfy Lousewort. PI. | to 1 foot. ?
34 P. ASPLENIFOLIA (Wall. Cat. no. 416. Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 54. but not of Floerke) humble; leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid :
segments ovate-lanceolate, serrulated ; raceme few-flowered ;
calyx 5-tootlied at apex, crested ; galea of corolla elongated, fal-
cate, with a straight beak. — Native of Kamaon, Wall. Corolla
more open than in P. roitrata ; the leaves narrower, and less
dissected ; the capsule more straight, and longer ; the rest of
the plant is, hovvever, very similar, and is therefore probably
only a variety.
Spleenmort-leaved Lousewort. PI. I to 1 foot.
35 P. rostra'ta (Lin. spec. 845.) stems declinate ; leaves
pinnate : leaflets or segments pinnatifid ; raceme few-flowered ;
calyx cylindrical, 5-cleft : teeth dilated, serrated ; galea fal-
cately beaked. %. H. Native of the West of Europe, on the
alps ; as of France, Italy, Savoy, Switzerland, Austria, &'c.
Jacq. austr. 3. t. 205.— Halh helv. no. 322. t. 8. f. 1. P.
aspleniifolia, Floerke, spicul. fl. salisb. med. ex Willd. spec. 3.
p. 208. Plant sometimes glabrous, and sometimes hairy. Co-
rollas purple. Beak of galea truncate at apex. Two of the
filaments are bearded. Capsule ovate, oblique, ending in a
hooked mucrone.
Beaked Lousewort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to
f foot.
36 P. TUBiFLORA (Fisclier, in mem. nat. cur. mosc. 3. p. 58.
Stev. mon. p. SO.) glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid, with roundish,
crenated segments : floral ones with broad, ciliated petioles ;
calyx downy, 2-lobed : lobes deeply toothed, sometimes there
is a small third lobe ; tube of corolla very long ; galea subu-
lately and circinately incurved. 1/. H. Native on rocks,
at lake Baical, among tnoss. P. longiflora, Rudolph, mem.
acad. petrop. 4. (1811.) p. 345. t. 3. Filaments inserted at the
top of the tube, not at the base, as in other species. Raceme
short, compact. Corollas yellow ; tube narrow, 3 inches long.
Stamens all bearded.
Tuhe-Jlomered Lousewort. PI. \ foot.
37 P. TEUCRinoLiA (Bieb. ex Stev. mon. p. 31. t. 10. f. 1.)
stems many, simple ; leaves lanceolate, doubly crenated, tomen-
tose on both surfeces ; calyx more deeply cleft above, obliquely
bifid; galea of corolla subulate, falcate. IJ.H. Native of the
Curil Islands, Bieb. et Pallas. Very like the preceding ; but
differs in the form of the corolla. Root tufted. Flowers not
half the size.
Germander-leaved Lousewort. PI. f foot.
38 P. uesdpina'ta (Lin. spec. 846. Stev. mon. p. 31.) stem
branched ; leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, doubly crenated,
smoothish ; calyx more or less downy, oblique, bifid ; galea
circinately hooked. %. H. Native throughout Siberia, in
shady humid places. Pall. itin. 3. p. 316. 319. Amm. ruth.
42. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 204. no. 16. t. 44. Stem angular, and
often pubescent. Leaves generally glabrous, rarely tomentose
beneath. Flowers sessile in the upper axils, rather remote, at
length aggregate into a dense head or short spike. Corolla pur-
ple, flesh-coloured, or white. Beak of galea acuminated, bifid.
Longer filaments bearded. Capsule obliquely mucronate.
Resiip'mate Lousewort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1
foot.
39 P. Grcenla'ndica (Retz, scand. ed. 1st. p. 117. Willd.
spec. 3. p. 212. Stev. mon. p. 32.) stem simple ; leaves deeply
pinnatifid, with lanceolate, acuminated, serrated segments ; calyx
glabrous, 5-toothed ; corolla closed ; beak of galea subulate,
arched upwards. 11 . H. Native of Greenland. Fl. dan. t.
1166. P. incarnata, e. Grcenlandia, Retz. obs. 4. p. 27. t. 1.
Filaments all glabrous. Corolla red.
Greenland Lousewort. PI.
40 P. frobosci'dea (Stev. mon. p. 33.) leaves deeply pinna-
tifid ; segments doubly serrated ; spike dense, elongated ; calyx
campanulate, bilabiate, 5-toothed, glabrous ; galea of corolla
ovate, acuminated, rostrately beaked, with a villous margin. 1/ .
H. Native of Dauria, at Angura, Gmelin ; Altaian mountains,
in fertile meadows, Pallas. P. uncinata, labio corollse inferiore
villoso, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 213.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 209.
no. 20. t. 45. Pall. itin. 2. p. 523. This is very like P. unci-
nata, in the spikes and form of the leaves ; but the flowers are
very distinct. Leaves shorter and broader ; pinna; more nume-
rous, and nearly imbricated. Bracteas all lanceolate, and quite
entire, with villous edges. Corolla yellow. Beak of galea
straight, acuminated, truncate at apex. Galea exceeding the
lower lip.
Proboscis-like Lousewort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
41 P. uncina'ta (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 213. Stev.
mon. p. 34. t. 12.) glabrous; stem simple; leaves deeply pin-
natifid, with lanceolate, serrated segments ; spike elongated,
loose ; calyx glabrous, campanulate, 5-tootlied ; beak of galea
RHINANTHACEiE. III. Pedicularis.
623
acuminated, emarginate, twice as Ions; as the lower lip. 1/. H.
Native of Siberia, from the Jenesee even to Dahuria, in cold
shady places. P. incarnata, Lin. spec. 847. exclusive of the
syn. of Allioni and colour of the flowers. P. altissima, Pall,
itin. 3. p. 297. 317. 319. Leaves on short petioles ; serratures
ciliately serrulated. Corolla yellow ; galea sometimes falcate
and sometimes hooked. Two of the filaments are bearded.
Capsule ovate, obliquely acuminated, mucronate.
//ooA:ef/ Lousewort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
42 P. BRACHYSTACiiYs (Bungc, in Ledeb. fl. alt. ross. ill. t.
427. fl. alt. 2. p. 429.) stem downy, simple ; leaves deeply pin-
natifid, glabrous, with lanceolate-linear, acutely serrated seg-
ments ; spike short, few-flowered ; calyx 5-toothed, rather
hairy ; galea beaked, arcuatcly inflexed, ciliated, equal in length
to the lower lip, and inclosed in it. %. H. Native of Altaia,
on the top of alp Aigulac, between the rivers Katunga and
Tschuja. Lower bracteas deeply serrated; upper ones sub-
trifid. Calycine segments acute, serrated. Corolla cream-
coloured. Two of the filaments are bearded. Galea and habit
of P. proboscidea and P. nncinata.
Short- sjnked Lousewort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
43 P. Lapponica (Lin. spec. 847.) stem simple ; leaves
nearly pinnate, with serrated segments ; spike short, loose ;
calyx ovate, with short teeth, cleft on the under side ; galea of
corolla hooked. ©. H. Native of Lapland, Greenland, Kamt-
schatka, and of Siberia, even to the mouth of the river Lena, in
stony places ; also of the Caucasian alps. Oed. fl. dan. t. 2.
Pall. itin. 3. p. 34. 444.— Lin. fl. lapp. 242. t. 4. f. 1. Stem
downy at top. Calyx 2-3-toothed, rarely 5-toothed. Beak of
galea truncate at apex. Filaments glabrous. Capsule ovate,
oblique, mucronate. Corolla yellow.
Lapland Lousewort. PI. | foot. ?
44 P. compa'cta (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 219. Stev.
men. p. 3G. t. 11. f. 1 ) stem simple ; leaves bipinnatifid, with
serrulated segments : upper pinnae imbricate and confluent ;
spike dense, capitate ; calyx inflated, membranous, 5-toothed ;
galea of corolla furnished with a rectangular deflexed hook. 1/ .
H. Native of Siberia, in meadows ; Soongaria, Altaia, &c. P.
physodes. Herb. Gorenki. Stem downy at top. Calyx gla-
brous, cleft almost to the middle on the under side. Corolla
yellow. Beak of galea truncate at the apex, or emarginate,
about equal in length to the lower lip. Two of the filaments
bearded.
Compact Lousewort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1
li foot.
45 P. incarna'ta (Jacq.
austr. 2. t. 140. Stev. mon. p.
38.) stem simple; leaves deeply
pinnatifid, with unequally tooth-
ed, linear-lanceolate segments ;
spike loose ; calyx ovate, 5-cleft,
clothed with hoary pubescence ;
galea of corolla falcately beak-
ed. %.V{. Native of the alps
of Europe : as of Switzerland,
Dauphiny, Savoy, Austria, Ca-
rinthia, &c. All. ped. no. 28.
t. 3. & t. 4. f. 2. P. rostrato-
spicata, Crantz. austr. p. 317. —
Hall. helv. no. 319. Corolla
pale red. Beak of galea obtuse
or emarginate. Filaments gla-
brous, (fig. 61.)
F/es/i-cotoi/rcrf-flowered Lousewort
1796. PI. 1 foot.
Clt. 1815. PI.
FIG. 61.
Fl. June, July. Clt.
46 P. TUBEROSA (Lin. spec. p. 847.) stem simple; leaves
bipinnatifid : segments toothed ; spike loose ; calyx campanu-
late, 5-cleft, smoothish ; galea of corolla falcately beaked. 2/ .
H. Native of the alps of Europe; as of France, Switzer-
land, and Italy. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 430. Willd. spec. 3. p.
217. exclusive of var. /3. — Hall. helv. no. 323. t. 10. P.
alpina lutea, Segu. pi. ver. 3. p. 126. Angles of stem downy.
Superior bracteas palmately jagged. Teeth of calyx usually
quite entire. Corolla yellow ; beak of galea emarginate, P.
adscendens, Sternb. et Hoppe. in act. soc. bot. bav. 2. p. 122.
bot. zeit. 1820. p. 62. is more hairy, and the teeth of calyx cili-
ated ; but it is hardly a species ; it appertains to P. tuberosa, y,
Bertol. amoen. ital. p. 381.
Tuberous-xooteA Lousewort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799.
PI. i to 1 foot. ?
47 P. atroru'bens (Schleicher, cat. pi. helv. 1817. p. 21.
D. C. syn. fl. fr. 212 ) glabrous; stem simple; leaves bipinna-
tifid ; spike compact, calyx 5-cleft; galea of corolla arched,
with a short beak, which is somewhat bidentate at apex. 1/ .
H. Native of Switzerland, on Mount St. Bernard. P. pennina,
Gaudin. Habit of P. recutita, with which it is mixed in herba-
ria. Bracteas ciliated. Calyxes hairy, usually entire. Corolla
dark purple. Two of the filaments bearded, and the other two
furnished with a few hairs tmder their top. Capsule ovate,
oblique, mucronate.
Z)arA-;«(r;j/e-flowered Lousewort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819.
PI. 1 foot.
48 P. gyrofle'xa (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 426. t. 9. Stev. mon.
p. 40.) stem hairy, simple; leaves pinnate; leaflets bipinnatifid;
spike elongated, loose ; calyx downy, 5-cleft, with serrated seg-
ments ; galea of corolla arched, with a short conical beak. 1^ .
H. Native of the alps of Dauphiny ; Mount Cenis ; and the
Apennines, Switzerland, &c. — Hall. helv. no. 324. t. 11. P.
tuberosa. All. ped. no. 131.? Flowers purple. Beak of galea
emarginate. Filaments all more or less bearded.
Circular Lousewort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. \ to
1 foot.
Sect. VI. Bicuspida't^ (so called in consequence of the
bidentate top of the galea of the corolla.) Leaves alternate.
Upper lip of corolla toothless at the base ; galea short, biden-
tate at apex, without a beak.
49 P. ^quinoxia'lis (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
332. Stev. mon. p. 41. t. 3. f. 1.) stem simple; leaves lanceo-
late, crenately pinnatifid, with very blunt, emarginate, toothed
segments ; calyx obliquely 2-lobed ; galea of corolla convex,
bidentate. %. G. Native of Mexico, on the mountains, in
shady places. Habit of P. Canadensis ; but the leaves are
more numerous, and the segments dense and obtuse.
Equinoxial Lousewort. PI. 1 foot.
50 P. Canade'nsis (Lin mant. 86.) stems simple ; leaves
pinnatifid, with obtuse, crenated segments ; calyx hairy, obliquely
2-lobed: galea of corolla obtuse, bidentate. %. H. Native
of North America. Pursh, fl. 2. p. 425. Nutt. gen. amer. 2.
p. 50. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 67. P. mariana, & Plukn. phyt. t.
437. f. 3. Very like P. euphrasiuides, but differs in the com-
pact hairy spike. Lobes of calyx obtuse, entire. Corollas like
those of P. comosa, wholly cream-coloured, or the galea is
purple. Two of the stamens bearded at top. Capsule obliquely
acuminated.
Var. ft, gladiata ; spike elongated. 1/ . H. Native of North
America. P. gladiata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 18. Pursh.
1. c. Nutt. 1. c.
Canadian Lousewort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. PI. i to
1 foot.
624
RHINANTHACE^. III. Pedicularis.
51 P. euphrasioi'des (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 204.)
stem branclied ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pinnatifidly toothed :
upper ones becoming entire ; racemes terminal, loose ; calyx
cleft on the lower side, and shortly tridentate on the other ;
galea of corolla convex, bidentate. ©. H. Native on the
eastern part of the Ural mountains ; at the Lena ; beyond the
Baical ; in Kamtschatka, and Aleutian Islands ; Labrador, &c.
P. paniculata. Pall. itin. 3. p. 34, 26.0, 287, 316. P. corym-
bosa, Pall, in herb. Bieb. P. heteropliylla, Patrin, in herb. D.
C. P. ramosa, Wormskiold, in herb. D. C. P. Labradorica,
Houtt. pfl. syst. 8. p. 39. t. 57. C — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 203. no.
15. t. 43. Stem downy at top. Lower leaves similar to those
of P. paiustris, but becoming gradually entire as they ascend.
Corollas size of those of P. paliistris, yellow, fulvous, spotted
with purple, or altogether purple. Two of the filaments
bearded. Capsule lanceolate, obliquely acuminated. The La-
brador, Kamtschatka, and Greenland plants have pure yellow
flowers.
EyebrigJU-\ike Lousewort. Fl. ? Clt. 1816. PI. i to
1 foot.
52 P. NASUTA (Bieb. ex Stev. mon. p. 43. t. 15. f. 1.) stem
or scape naked, or furnished with I leaf; leaves bipinnatifid :
segments linear, serrated ; calyx downy, 5-cleft ; galea of co-
rolla arched, with a very short, bidentate beak. 2/ . H. Native
of Kamtschatka and the neighbouring islands. Plant glabrous,
with the habit of the preceding. Spike terminal, ovate, dense ;
lower bracteas like the leaves : upper one ovate, hairy. Corol-
las purple, size of those of P. paiustris. Filaments all glabrous.
Beaked-f\ov,ered Lousewort. PI. | foot.
53 P. Sude'tica (Willd. spec. 3. p. 209. Stev. mon. p. 44.
t. 15. f. 2.) stems simple; leaves pinnatifid, with lanceolate,
serrated segments ; calyx 5-cleft : segment entire, or finely ser-
rulated ; galea of corolla convex, obtuse, bidentate. %. H.
Native of Savoy ; Siberia, on the sea-shore, about the mouth of
the river Lena ; Kamtschatka, &c. Richards, in Frankl. journ.
ed. 2d. append. 25. P. hirsuta, Hsenke, sud. p. 86. ? P. in-
carnata, Krok. siles. no. 984. P. comosa, Mattuschk. siles. no.
600. Stem downy under the spike. Filaments all glabrous.
Corollas purple. The Siberian plant has the calyx more densely
woolly than that from Savoy ; and the colour of the flowers
is purple ; this is P. serotlna, Adams. There is also a variety
from the Lena, {P. Stcvenii, Adams,) which has the corolla yel-
low, with a purple helmet.
Savoy Lousewort. PI. \ to \ foot.
54 P. sylva'tica (Lin. spec. 845.) stem branched at the base;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, deeply toothed ; spikes few-flow-
ered ; calyx glabrous, 5-toothed, inflated in the fructiferous
state; galea of corolla very blunt, bidentate. ©. H. Native
of Europe and Siberia, in wet marshes and heaths, also in
woods. Smith, engl. bot. t. 400. Fl. dan. t. 225. — Petiv.
brit. t. 36. f. 4. P. minor, Riv. mon. t. 92. f. 2. Aletorolo-
phus III. Clus. 2. p. 211. f. 1.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 203. no. 13.
Habit of P. paiustris, but diflfers in the want of the teeth on the
sides of the galea of the corolla. Two of the filaments bearded
at top. Capside inclosed, oblique, mucronate. Corollas pur-
ple. Four of the calycine teeth are said to be crested. The
expressed juice of the herb, or a decoction, has been used with
advantage as an injection in sinous ulcers. The plant is said to
be injurious to sheep which feed upon it.
Wood Lousewort. Fl. June. Britain. PI. | to 2 feet.
55 P. fla'va (Pall. itin. 3. append, no. 97. t~ R. f. 1. Stev.
mon. p. 45. Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 439.) stem simple, pubes-
cent ; leaves fleshy, deeply pinnatifid, with distant, oblong,
coarsely and doubly toothed segments ; calyx woolly, 5-tooth-
ed : teeth serrated, shorter than the foliaceous bracteas ; galea
of corolla obtuse, bidentate; filaments all glabrous. %. H.
Native of Dahuria, in gravelly places at the river Onon-Borsa ;
and of Altaia, in grassy places. P. sulphurea, Pall. itin. 3. p.
230, 321. Corolla like that of P. comosa, yellow, striped with
red. Galea very convex. What is P. flava, Sibth. et Smith, fl.
grsec. ?
Yellorv-Rowerei Lousewort. PI. 1 foot.
56 P. cojiosA (Lin. spec. 847. Stev. mon. p. 46. t. 14.)
root fascicled ; stem simple, downy ; leaves pinnate : leaflets
pinnatifid and toothed ; calyx 5-toothed, exceeding the long,
entire bracteas; galea of corolla obtuse, bidentate. 1(.. H.
Native throughout the Russian empire, in fields ; in Europe, as
of the Pyrenees, alps of France, and Italy, even to Calabria.
Bieb. fl. cauc. no. 1195. Pall. itin. 1. p. 148. 2. p. 443.
All. ped. no. 229. t. 4. f. 1. Sleph. icon. mosc. t. 5. All.
spec. 50. t. 11. f. 1. P. tuberosa, Pall. itin. 2. p. 38. Falck,
itin. 2. p. 211. P. bulbosa. Pall. itin. 2. p. 87. P. foliosa,
Pall. itin. 3. p. 510. P. conica laciniosa, pyramidata, imbricata,
and frondosa, Pall, in herb. Bieb. P. tuberosa, /3, Vill. dauph.
2. p. 427.— Alcctorolophos, alp. I. Clus. var. 210, with a figure.
The plant varies much in the leaves and colour of the flowers,
and in downiness. Segments of the calyx usually entire. Co-
rolla cream-coloured. Two of the filaments are more or less
bearded. Capsule shorter than the calyx, ovate, obliquely
mucronate. Spike short, dense.
far. ft ; corolla white, or flesh-coloured. %. H. P. tana-
cetifolia, Adams, mem. nat. scrut. mosc. 5. p. 102. no. 9. P.
incarnata. Pall. itin. 2. p. 404.
Far. y; corolla purple. 1/ . H. P. fasciculata. Bell, in Willd.
spec. 3. p. 218. D. C. fl. fr. 3. no. 2440. P. asparagoides,
Lapevr. ex D. C. 1, c.
r«/<erf-spiked Lousewort. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1775. PI.
i to 2 feet.
57 P. Alta'ica (Steph. mon. p. 48. t. 14. A. Ledeb. fl. alt.
ross. ill. t. 442. fl. alt. 2. p. 436.) stem simple ; radical leaves
pinnate, with ovate, bluntish, coarsely crenate-serrated leaflets ;
cauline leaves deeply pinnatifid, with serrulated lobes : upper-
most ones linear, crenated ; spike loose, elongated ; calyx foli-
aceous, cylindrical, obsoletely and bluntly 5-toothed, caiiescent,
spotted, about equal in length to the pinnatifid or serrated
bracteas ; two of the filaments are bearded. If. . H. Native
of Altaia, in grassy places at the river Tschuja, and in the
Kirghisean Steppe. .Stem spotted with purple. Corolla yel-
low ; galea furnished with very short teeth.
Altaian Lousewort. Fl. July. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
58 P. ru'bens (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. SI 9. Ledeb.
fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 435. fl. alt. 2. p. 435.) stem simple, smooth-
ish, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, bipinnate : segments acute, gla-
brous ; spike leafy ; calyx foliaceous, cylindrical, unequally
5-toothed : teeth and bracteas foliaceous, deeply serrated ;
teeth of galea drawn out into thickish beaks. If.H. Native
of Siberia and Altaia, in marshes at the river Tscharysch and
Ursul. P. incarnata. Pall. itin. 2 & 3, in many places. P.
comosa, var. y, Steph. mon. p. 48. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 210. no.
21. — Amm. ruth. p. 32. no. 41. Bracteas pinnatifid, exceeding
the calyx. Corolla purple. Two of the filaments bearded.
Capsule twice as long as the calyx.
Mcddish-fio-nered Lousewort. PI. | to 1 foot.
59 P. achille.«:f6lia (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 219. Le-
deb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 446.) plant canescent from down ; stem
simple; leaves pinnate: leaflets distant, deeply pinnatifid ; seg-
ments deeply toothed ; spike dense, elongated ; calyx foliaceous,
cylindrical, acutely 5-toothed, about equal in length to the foli-
aceous, deeply toothed bracteas ; two of the filaments are
bearded, ii.. H. Native of Altaia, on dry rocks at the rivers
Tscharysch, Kurlschum, and Tschuja ; and of Caucasus. P.
comosa, var. (i, Stev. mon. p. 47. et 48. t. 14. B. ? Plant at
RHINANTHACEiE. III. Pedicularis.
G25
first canescent, but at length becoming glabrous. Spikes naked.
Corolla pale yellow, or white ; galea furnished with short teeth.
Capsule ovate-lanceolate, acuminated.
J\IUfoil-lcnved Lousewort. PI. 1 to IJ foot.
GO P. LASiosTACuvs (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. alt. ross. ill. t. 440.
fl. alt. 2. p. 4;J4.) stem downy ; leaves pinnate : leaflets dense,
linear, pinnatifid ; spike short, dense, leafy ; calyx membranous,
funnel-shaped, acutely 5-toothed, densely woolly, shorter than
the bracteas, which are foliaceous, quite entire at the base, pin-
nate in the middle, and serrulated at top ; filaments all gla-
brous. 11 . H. Native of Altaia, in marshes on the tops of
the alps at the river Tschuja, near the mouth of the river Tsche-
gan. Root fascicled. Branches and calyxes clothed with yel-
lowish wool. Corolla ringent, pale yellow, hardly twice the
length of the calyx. Style less exserted than in P.JJava. Habit
of P. Langsdorjii, but that has no teeth at the top of the galea.
Woolly-spiked Lousewort. Fl. July. PI. | to J foot.
61 P. A'rctica (R. Br. in Frankl. journ. append, p. 742.)
stem simple, woolly ; leaves pinnatifid : lobes subovate, den-
tately cut, glabrous in the adult state ; petioles of cauline
leaves dilated ; calyx woolly, 5-cleft ; galea obtuse, truncate,
bidentate ; longer filaments hairy. %. H. Native of Mel-
ville Island. Corolla purple, glabrous. Said to be nearly
allied to P. Sudelica.
Arctic Lousewort. PI. \ foot.
Sect. VII. Ede'ntul^e (so named from the galea of corolla
being toothless.) Leaves alternate. Corolla ringent ; galea
toothless, without a beak.
62 P. Langsdorfii (Fisch. in Stev. mon. p. 49. t. 9. f. 2.)
stem simple ; leaves bipinnatifid : segments more or less cut :
rachis of cauline leaves dilated ; calyx 5-cleft, 4 times shorter
than the corolla ; galea obtuse, truncate. 11 . H. Native of
Arctic Siberia, about the mouth of the river Lena ; Kamtschatka,
and other Russian American Islands. Stem hairy, or woolly at
top. Spike dense, leafy. Corolla purple. Filaments all more
or less ciliated. Capsule a little longer than the calyx, oblique,
mucronate.
Var.fi; calyx wooUv. 1^. H. P. alopecuroides, Adams.
P. lanata. Pall, in Bieb.'herb. VViUd. herb. no. 11310. Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnsea, 2. p. 583. Perhaps a species.
Langsdorfs Lousewort. PI. | foot.
63 P. HiRSUTA (Lin. spec. p. 848. Stev. mon. p. 51.) stem
simple ; leaves pinnatifid, with lanceolate, bluntly toothed seg-
ments ; rachis of cauline leaves dilated into foliaceous petioles ;
calyx hairy, 5-cleft ; corolla twice as long as the calyx ; galea
very blunt. % . H. Native of Lapland ; and of Siberia, at
the mouth of the river Lena. Pall. itin. 3. p. 34. Wahl. fl.
lapp. no. 31. P. arctica, Adams, mss.- — Lin. fl. lapp. 245. t. 4.
f. 3. Petioles of cauline leaves stem-clasping. Segments of
calyx often toothed. Filaments all glabrous. Capsule longer
than that of P. Jldmmea.
Hairy Lousewort. PI. 1 foot. ?
64 P. fla'-Mmea (Lin. spec. 846. Stev. mon. p. 51.) stem
simple ; leaves pinnate : leaflets roundish, imbricated backv\ards,
doubly toothed ; calyx 5-cleft, glabrous ; galea of corolla very
blunt, rounded; segments of the lower lip linear. %. H.
Native of Lapland and Greenland. Willd. spec. 3. p. 215,
exclusive of most of the synonymes. Wahl. fl. lapp. no. 310,
exclusive of var. /3. Lin. fl. lapp. 244. t. 4. f. 2. Filaments
all glabrous. Corolla pale red.
/VaiHc-coloured-flowered Lousewort. Fl. May, June. Clt. ?
PI. i to 1 foot.
65 P. VERSICOLOR (Wahl. fl. helv. p. 118.) dwarf; leaves
pinnate : segments or leaflets imbricated backwards, serrated ;
VOL. IV.
spike oblong ; calyx 5-cleft, hairy, crested a little ; o-alea
straight, obtuse, angular in front. TJ. H. Native of Siberia,
towards the mouth of the river Lena, Altaia, Kamtscoatka,
Aleutian Islands : Lapland, Switzerland, Denmark, Carpathian
mountains, &c. ; on the Himalaya at Sholma, and towards Cash-
mere, Royle. Royle, ill. himal. t. 72. f. 1 . P. flanimea, of
German and Swiss authors. — Fl. dan. t. 30. P. filicifolia,
Adams, mss. — Hall. helv. no. 315. t. 8. f. 3. Root fasci-
culately tuberous. Petioles of lower cauline leaves slender :
of the upper ones dilated at the base, and supporting the flow-
ers. Apex of galea reflexed. Two of the filaments bearded.
Corolla party-coloured, ? red and yellow, or pure yellow.
Pariy-coloured-Rowered Lousewort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1819. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
66 P. Zeyla'nica (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 54.) erect, simple;
leaves oblong, obtuse, cartilaginous, doubly crenated, clothed
with scurfy down beneath ; raceme elongated, loose ; calyx
cleft on one side, and 5-toothed on the other, crested ; galea
straight, obtuse, rather angular in front. — Native of Ceylon,
Macrae.
Ceylon Lousewort. PI. ?
67 P. ela'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 210. Stev. mon. p. 53. t.
11. f. 2.) glabrous; stem simple ; leaves pinnatifid, with lance-
olate, serrulated segments ; spike loose, elongated ; calyx ovate,
glabrous, with 5 short teeth ; galea of corolla obtuse, obsoletely
toothed, glabrous. 11. H. Native of Siberia, at the Oby ;
about Kranojarsk ; and about Smejof, Patrin. P. punicea,
Pall. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 211. no. 22, exclusive of the synonymes.
Root fascicled. Corolla purple. Two longer filaments bearded.
Capsule mucronate, rather oblique.
Tall Lousewort. PI. 1 i to 2 feet.
68 P. OrizVb.e (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea, 5. p. 103.)
stem erect, simple ; leaves pectinately pinnatifid, with lobately
pinnatifid segments, glabrous ; calyx 5-toothed : teeth lobulate;
galea short, rostrately truncate. — Native of Mexico, on Mount
Orizaba. Radical leaves 3-4 inches. Corolla purple : lower lip
trifid. Allied to P. elata.
Orizaba Lousewort. PI. 4^ to H foot.
69 P. rosea (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 115. Wulf. in Jacq.
misc. 2. p. 57.) stem simple ; leaves pinnate : leaflets linear,
pinnatifid ; calyx hairy, tubular, unequally 5-toothed, or 5-cleft ;
galea of corolla obtuse. 11. H. Native of the Alps, as of
Carinthia, Italy, and France ; also of Siberia. P. hirsuta. All.
ped. 227. t. 341. spec. 52. t. 12. f. 1. Stems naked, or few-
leaved. Flowers few, purple. Two of the filaments boarded.
Capsule longer than the calyx, obliquely mucronate.
i?o«e-coloured-flowered Lousewort. PI. | foot.
70 P. recutita (Lin. spec. p. 846.) stem simple ; leaves pin-
natifid, with deeply toothed segments ; spike compact, leafy ;
calyx glabrous, about equally 5-toothed ; galea of corolla very
blunt. %. H. Native of the alps of Middle Europe, as of
Switzerland, Italy, Austria, &c. ; and on the confines of Rus-
sia. Jacq. austr. 3. t. 258. P. obsoleta, Crantz. austr. p. 316.
— Hall. helv. no. 316. t. 8. f. 2. Habit singular, from the
leaves being collected under the spike. Calyx usually glabrous,
but sometimes hairy. Corolla purple. Two of the filaments
bearded. Capsule mucronate, very oblique.
Surrounded-i'pWedi. Lousewort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787.
PI. 1 to li foot.
71 P. Wilhelmsia'na (Stev. mon. p. 55. t. IG. Bieb. fl.
taur. 3. p. 412.) stem simple; leaves pinnate: segments or
leaflets ovate, pinnatifid ; spike dense ; calyx ovate, woolly,
5-cleft, with linear, elongated segments ; galea of corolla very
short. 11 . H. Native of Caucasus, on Mount Beschtau, and
about Nartzana. Habit of P.folidsa. Root yellow, divided
into oblong tubers. Stem downv, with few leaves, or even naked
4 L
626
RHINANTHACEyE. III. Pedicularis. IV. Melampyrum.
to the spike. Radical leaves similar to those of Spira/' a Jili-
pendula. Bracteas large, foliaceous. Corolla cream-coloured.
Filaments all bearded. Capsule length of calyx.
Wilhelms's Lousewort. PI. 5 to 1 J foot.
72 P. FOLiosA (Lin. syst. 532. mant. 86. Stev. mon. p. 56.)
stem simple ; leaves pinnate : leaflets pinnatifid, with lanceolate,
unequally toothed segments; spike dense ; calyx obliquely 5-
toothed ; galea of corolla very blunt. '2^. H. Native of
Europe, as of Switzerland, Hungary, Dauphiny, Italy, even to
the Crimea. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 139. P. comosa, Scop. cam.
no. 765.— Hall. helv. no. 317. t. 9. f. 3. P. sumana, Poll. pi.
ver. 16. Stem short, and almost naked, or tall and leafy.
Calyx glabrous, or hairy. Corolla cream-coloured; galea
downy, or glabrous.
Leafij Lousewort. Fl. July. Clt. 1786. PI. J to 3 feet.
73 P. condensa'ta (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 73. no. 1193.) stem
simple ; leaves pinnate : leaflets pinnatifid, with lanceolate, une-
qually toothed segments ; calyx woolly, tubular, with a straight,
5-toothed mouth ; galea of corolla very blunt. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of Caucasus, in humid, alpine meadows ; Iberia, above
Tschala ; and of Hyrcania. This is a very showy species ; the
leaves and flowers as they ascend give the stem a pyramidal
appearance. Corolla exactly of P. /o/iSsa. Filaments all beard-
ed, more or less.
Dense Lousewort. PI. 1 foot. ?
74 P. TRisTis (Lin. spec. 846. Stev. mon. p. 57. t. 10. f.
2.) stem simple ; leaves pinnatifid, with short, obtuse, sharply
and doubly denticulated segments ; spike dense ; calyx 5 -cleft ;
galea of corolla furnished with a short mucrone, villous on the
edges. 0. H. Native of the Altaian mountains, in Dauria,
and beyond the Lena, &c. ; also of Kamtschatka. Pall. itin. 2.
p. 566. 3. p. 444. P. macrocarpos, Pall. herb. — Gmel. sib. 3.
p. 212. no. 23. Plant trailing. Corolla yellow. Filaments
glabrous. Capsule hardly exceeding the calyx.
iSad-flowered Lousewort. PI. i to 1 foot.
75 P. acau'lis (Wulf. in Jacq^ coll. 1. p. 207. t. 14.) stem-
less ; leaves pinnate : leaflets ovate, obtuse, toothed ; scapes or
peduncles 1-flovvered, shorter than the leaves; calyx 5-cleft,
with toothed segments ; galea obtuse, with a villous margin.
%. H. Native of the alps of Carniola and Carinthia. — Scop,
cam. no. 761. t. 31. Flowers showy, very unlike those of
other species. Corolla whitish. Filaments all villous at the
base, or only 2 of them.
Stemless Lousewort. PI. dwarf.
Cult. All the species of Pedicularis are extremely shy of cul-
tivation. Peat soil and a moist situation suit the generality of
the species. All foreign species require the protection of a
frame, or other covering in winter, and for this purpose they
had better be grown in pots. Tragus affirms, and others take
it from him, that these plants in pastures breed lice on animals
that feed on them. The truth, however, seems to be, that they
indicate a very bad pasture, and the want of proper food may
occasion the cattle to be in bad condition, and to breed vermin.
IV. MELAMPY^RUM (MtXa/xTrwpo^.ofTheophrastus; from
fieXag, melas, black ; and irupoc, pyos, wheat.) Tourn. inst. t.
78. Lin. gen. no. 742. Schreb. gen. no. 999. Juss. gen. p.
101. ed, Usteri. p. 113. Ga;rtn. fruct. 1. p. 244. t. 53. Lam.
ill. t. 518. Schukhr, handb. t. 170. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 58.
Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 438.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Angiospirmia. Calyx tubular, bila-
biate, 4-cleft. Corolla tubular, bilabiate : upper lip galeate,
compressed, with the margin folded back : lower lip grooved,
trifid, nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; anthers
oblong ; cells acuminated. Capsule 2-celled, obliquely acumi-
nated, opening on one side; cells 2-seeded, ex Nutt,, 1-seeded,
ex Lin. Seeds cartilaginous, cylindrically oblong, or ovoid. —
Annual plants. Leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, entire. Flow-
ers opposite, usually secund, forming terminal racemes ; bracteas
more or less pinnatifid.
1 M. crista'tum (Lin. spec. 842.) spike quadrangular ;
bracteas cordate, plicate, denticulated, imbricate, coloured ; ca-
lycine segments linear, acute. ©. H. Native of the North and
middle of Europe, and Siberia, in meadows and woods; plentiful
in some parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 41. Fl. dan.
1104.— Riv. mon. t. 81. f. 1.— Plukn. phyt. t. 99. f. 2.— Mor.
hist. sect. 11. t. 23. f. 32. — Leaves linear-lanceolate, quite
entire. Flowers reddish, yellow, and white. Beard of throat
constantly yellow. According to Relham the galea is purplish, or
white, with a yellow edge. Corolla gaping.
Crested Cow-wheat. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. 1 to
1| foot.
2 M. arve'nse (Lin. spec. 842.) spikes conical, loose ; brac-
teas ovate, setaceously-tootlied, coloured ; teeth of calyx sca-
brous, lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; corollas closed. 0. H.
Native of the South of Europe, in fields of wheat ; in England
but rare, particularly in Norfolk. Smith, engl. t. 53. Fl. dan.
911. — Riv. mon. t. 80.— Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 8. — Mor. hist,
sect. 11. t. 23. f. 1. Triticum vaccinium, Dod. pempt. 541. f.
2, Lob. icon. 1. t. 37. Plant slightly downy. Leaves linear
lanceolate. Bracteas purple, entire at top. Corolla yellow, and
dusky purple. The seeds when ground with corn give a bitter-
ness and greyish cast to the bread, but do not render it unwhole-
some.
Var. P, argyrocomium (Fisch.) Native of the alpine regions
of Caucasus. Bracteas white.
Corn-field Cow-wheat. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 1 to
14 foot.
"3 M. barbatum (Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. spec. 3. p. 198.)
spikes conical, loose ; bracteas setaceously toothed ; teeth of
calyx bearded; corolla gaping. ©. H. Native of the south
of Hungary, in fields. This species diflTers from M. arvense,
to which it is nearly allied, in the bracteas being green, in
the teeth of the calyx being furnished with long diaphanous
hairs, in the corolla being gaping, the upper lip more villous on
the edges, and the corolla totally yellow.
fiearded-calyxed Cow-wheat. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
4 M. NEMORo'suM (Liu. spec. 843.) flowers secund, lateral ;
bracteas cordate-lanceolate, toothed : upper bracteas coloured,
sterile; calyxes woolly, lanceolate, or ovate acuminated. ©.
H. Native of Europe, in woods ; as of Upland and Scania,
Denmark, Switzerland, Carniola, Austria, Silesia, and Dau-
phiny. Fl. dan. t. 305. M. sylvaticum, Riv. mon. t. 81. f 2.
— Barrel, icon. t. 769. f. 2. Stem 4 cornered. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, or somewhat sagittate, eared and toothed
at the base, rough, hairy beneath, with hispid edges. Brac-
teas bluish violet, jagged, or toothed at the base. Corolla
greenish yellow ; throat deeper yellow ; the tube purplish.
Calyx coloured, woolly. Anthers bearded at the base. This
is the most showy of the species.
Grove Cow-wheat. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? PI. 1 to If foot.
5 M. prate'nse (Lin. spec. 843.) flowers axillary, secund ;
corollas gaping ; leaves long-lanceolate : floral ones hastate, or
pinnatifidly cut ; calycine segments linear, acuminated. ©. H.
Native of the North of Europe, in dry fields and woods ; plen-
tiful in many parts of Britain, in like situations. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 113.— Hall. helv. no. 308.— Besl. eyst. t. 150. f. 2.—
Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 23. f. 3. — Besl. eyst. astiv. 12. t. 2. f. 2.
Crataeogonum album, Gerard, herb. 84. emac. 91. Corolla full
yellow ; throat orange coloured.
RHINANTHACE^. IV. Melampyrum. V. Parentucellia. VI. Triphysaria. VII. Cymbaria. OROBANCHEyE. 627
Field Cow-wheat. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 1|
foot.
6 M. sylva'ticum (Lin. spec. 843.) flowers axillary, secund ;
corollas gaping ; leaves long-lanceolate, quite entire ; calycine
segments linear lanceolate, acute. G^- H. Native of the north
of Europe, in woods ; and on the mountains in the south of
Europe; in England Fl. dan. t. 145. Smith, engl. hot. t.
804. — Hall. helv. 307. This species is said to differ from M.
jtratense, in the corollas being one half shorter, with a gaping
limb, and in the full yellow colour, not with a white tube as in
that species.
IVood Cow-wheat. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 1 n foot.
7 M. linea're (Lam. diet. 4. p. 23.) flowers axillary; corolla
gaping ; lower leaves linear, quite entire : floral ones lanceolate,
toothed behind. Q. H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in
woods, particularly on the mountains. M. Americanum, Michx.
fl. amer. bor. 2. p. 16. HabM oi Euphrasia linijolia. Branches
subtetragonal. Corollas pale yellow, with a tinge of purple ;
superior lip obtuse, with a villous margin.
Linear-\ea\ed Cow-wlieat. PI. 1 foot.
8 M. LATiFoLiuM (Muhl. Cat. ex Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 58.)
we know nothing of this plant but the name. ©. H. Native
on the Delaware.
Broad-leaved Cow-wheat. PI, 1 foot. ?
Cult. The plants being all annual, the seeds of them may be
sown in the open ground. They are, however, very shy of
cultivation.
V. PARENTUCE'LLIA (named in honour of Th. Parentu-
celli, of Sarzana in Liguria, founder of the botanic garden at
Rome.) Viv. fl. libyc.'p. 31. t. 21. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Didyiiamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, in-
flated, membranous, 5-toothed ; teeth linear-lanceolate, unequal,
beset with glandular hairs. Corolla with a slender tube, and a
bilabiate limb ; upper lip ovate, concave, galeate ; lower linear,
pilose towards the throat, channelled, 3-lobed at top. Stamens
4, nearly equal from the base of the upper lip ; anthers globose,
didymous, conniving. Stigma thick, truncate. Capsule some-
what 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment incomplete from the in-
flexed valves. Seeds inserted in parietal placentas, hanging by
short funicles. — A hairy, annual, erect herb. Leaves opposite,
sessile, 5-7-nerved ; radical ones ovate, acute, deeply serrated :
superior and floral ones ovate-lanceolate, dentately cut : upper
ones tricuspidate. Flowers purple. This genus appears to be
nearly allied to Rhinanthus.
1 P. floribu'nda (Viv. fl. libyc. p. 32.) ©. H. Native of
Libya, on hills by the sea-side. Hairs on the calyxes and
corollas, and other floral parts glandular. Flowers solitary, ax-
illary, spicate, or racemose ; pedicels very short.
Bundle-flowered Parentucellia. PI. j to I foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Melamjnjrum, p. 626.
VI. TRIPHVSA'RIA (from rptig rpia, treis tria, three ; and
(jivaa, physa, a bladder ; the 3 segments of the lower lip of the
corolla are saccate.) Fish, et Meyer, cat. sem. hort. petrop.
1836. p. 52.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, 4-
cleft. Corolla personate ; tube filiform ; superior lip undivided,
subulate ; lower one tripartite ; segments saccate. Stamens 4,
didynamous, all fertile; anthers linear, mutic, 1-celled. Stigma
oblong, 2-lobed. Capsule oblong, 2-celled, many seeded. .Seeds
small, blackish, oblong, wingless ; testa scrobiculate, closely
adhering to the nut. — An annual herb, with the habit of Onco-
rynchus.
1 T. VERsi'coLOR (Fisch. et Meyer, 1. c.) ©. H. Native
of New California, about Port Bodega. Leaves elongated, di-
lated at the base, half stem-clasping, pinnately lobed at apex,
cut, scattered ; lowers ones usually opposite ; floral ones scarcely
longer than the calyx. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile. Co-
rolla white, at lengtii rose-coloured ; tube filiform, twice as long
as the calyx ; upper lip straight, subulate, with inflexed mar-
gins ; lower one large, trifid ; segments obovate, each apicu-
lated by a small, erect segment, and furnished with a longitudinal
chink in the throat.
Party-coloured-^owexedL Triphysaria. PI. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Melampyrmn, p. C26.
Tribe II.
CYMBARIE'^ (this tribe only contains the genus Cymba-
ria.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 37. July, 1835. p.
112. Embryo rather foliaceous, almost the length of the albu-
men.
VII. CYMBA'RIA (from Kuju/Sr;, cymbe, a boat ; in reference
to the boat-shaped fruit.) Lin. gen. 751. Schreb. gen. no.
1008. Amm. ruth. 1. t. 1. f. 2. Juss. gen. p. 119. ed.
Usteri, p. 134. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 252. t. 53.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 10-parted,
unequal, with linear segments. Corolla with a ventricose tube,
and a bilabiate limb : upper lip arched, 2-parted : lower one 3-
lobed, obtuse ; palate prominent. Stamens 4, didynamous ;
anthers 2-cleft, prominent. Stigma obtuse. Capsule cordate,
2-valved ; placenta central, tetragonal, with the angles mem-
branously winged, therefore the capsule is falsely 4-celled, but
1-celled, ex Lin. Seeds angular, smooth, comjjressed. — A plant
with the habit of Antirrhinum. Stem a little branched ; branches
opposite, sterile. Leaves opposite. Flowers few, axillary, usu-
ally solitary, nearly sessile, large, yellow.
1 C. Dau'rica (Lin. spec. 861. mant. 417.) leaves lanceo-
late ; calyx 10-toothed; upper lip of corolla 2-parted, refle.\.ed.
1/. H. Native of Dauria, on the mountains, in exposed, stony
places. — Amm. ruth. 47. t. 1. f. 2. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 198. no.
8. Plant hoary. Seeds compressed, with an irregular, mem-
branous edge.
Daurian Cymbaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 foot.
2 C. ? Borysthe'nica (Pall, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 815.)
leaves linear ; calyx 5-cleft ; upper lip of corolla entire, erect.
1( . H. Native of the province of Cherson, between Borys-
thene and Hypanim.
Borysthene Cymbaria. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pedicularis, p. 626.
Order CLXXI. OROBA'NCHE^E (this order contains plants
agreeing with Orohdnche in the characters given below.) Juss.
ann. mus. 12. p. 445. — Rich. — Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 450. D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 37. p. 113. July, 1835.— Pedi-
culares, sect. III. Juss. gen. p. 101. ed. Usteri, 113.
Calyx divided, permanent. Corolla tubular, hypogynous,
irregular, permanent, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, all fertile ; anthers usually spurred at the base. Ova-
rium 1-celled ; stigma 2-lobed, or undivided. Capsule 1 -celled,
2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds inserted into narrow, parietal
placentas, which rise from the margins of the valves ; testa very
thin, membranous, reticulated by nearly square areols. Albu-
men copious, cartilaginous. Embryo inverted in the top of the
albumen, excentric, minute, nearly globose, usually undivided.
4 l2
628
OROBANCHEjE. I. Orobanche.
Radicle superior, remote from the umbilicus. — Usually para-
sitical, leafless, rather fleshy, rufescent, scaly herbs. Flowers
terminal, solitary, spicate, or racemose.
This is a very natural family, well distinguished from the pre-
ceding by their permanent corolla, unilocular ovarium, centri-
fugal embryo, and peculiar economy, in being for the most part
parasitical herbs, destitute of proper leaves, and of the green
colour common to other plants. The seeds are attached to the
narrow, depressed placentae, formed by the united edges of the
valves. The embryo is placed in the ventral side of the seed,
and at the opposite extremity from the hilum, resembling a
minute, nearly globular homogeneous mass, and is, therefore,
probably devoid of true cotyledons. In all these respects the
genera Obolaria and Tozzia seem to agree, but differ in having
proper leaves, and in being terrestrial.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Orobanchie'*. Parasitical, leafless herbs.
1 Oroba'nche. Calyx bractless, somewhat 1-2-parted.
2 PHELiPfi^A. Calyx tubular, bibracteate, 4-5-toothed, or 4-
5-cleft.
3 Anoplon. Calyx bractless, 5-cleft, sub-bilabiate.
4 Boschnia'kia. All as in Orobanche, but the calyx is trun-
cate, and unequally 5-toothed ; the capsule opens laterally, the
stigma sub-bilabiate, and terminated by a stigmatose margin.
5 Canopholis. Calyx ventricose, 5-parted, bibracteate.
Corolla incurved : upper lip entire : lower one bifid.
6 Epiphe'gus. Calyx short, 5-toothed, bractless.
7 Lathrs'a. Calyx bibracteate, campanulate, 4-cleft.
8 Hyoba'nche. Calyx tubular, 7-cleft, unequal, bibracteate.
9 Ale'ctra. Calyx bilabiate, bractless ? upper lip 2-cleft ;
lower one trifid.
10 jEgine'tia. Calyx spathaceous. Capsule many-celled.
11 Ambla'tum. Calyx campanulate, 4-cleft. Both lips of
corolla entire.
Tribe II.
Obolarie'^. Terrestrial, leafy plants.
12 Obola'ria. Calyx 5-cleft, bibracteate. Corolla cam-
panulate.
13 TozziA. Caylx 5-toothed, bractless. ? Corolla ringent,
tubular. Capsule 1 -seeded by abortion. ?
Tribe I.
OROBANCHIE'^ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Orob&nche.) Parasitical, leafless, fleshy, scaly plants.
1 OROBA'NCHE (of Pliny, Opo/iavxr] of Theophrastus and
Dioscorides ; from opo/5of, orobos, a vetch ; and ay^w, ancho, to
strangle ; because it is supposed to strangle and kill the plants
on which it grows.) Tourn. inst. p. 176. t. 81. Lin. gen. no.
779. Schreb. gen. no. 1045. Juss. gen. p. 101. ed. Usteri, p.
113. Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 42. t. 185. f 4. Lam. ill. t. 551.
Wallr. orob. sect. 1. Osproleon. Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 450. — Aphyl-
lon, Michel, gen. t. 25.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospirviia. Calyx bractless, 1-2-
parted ; sepals distinct, or combined on one side at the base.
Corolla tubular, ringent : upper lip 2-lobed : lower one trifid.
Stamens 4, didynamous. Stigma capitate, emarginately 2-lobed.
Ovarium glandular at the base. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved ;
valves dehiscing laterally, but joined at the base and apex. Pla-
centas parietal, 2 in each valve. — Parasitical, fleshy, usually
simple, rarely branched, scaly, erect herbs. Flowers sessile,
erect, solitary, in the axils of the floi-al scales. There is a fleshy
gland that girds the ovarium. Filaments usually hairy, flat at
the base. Anthers glabrous ; cells mucronate at the base.
Sect. I. Sepals free, or combined in front at the lower part,
open behind.
§ 1 . Upper lip of corolla emarginale, or retuse, never bijid.
* Corolla dilated, sub- campanulate, never narrow, or cylindrical.
1 O. Caryophylla'cea (Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 169. Led.
fl. alt. 2. p. 452.) hairy, or pubescent ; floral scales lanceolate,
equal in length to the flowers ; sepals bifid : lobes linear-lanceo-
late, equal ; corolla sub-campanulate, straightish : lower lip a
little shorter than the upper : lobes equal, obtuse, denticulately
curled ; filaments hairy at the base, glandular, as well as the
style at the apex; stigma emarginate. %.. H. Native of
Siberia ; Italy ; and about Lauterine in the Palatinate; also on the
Himalaya at Pungee. Wallr. orob. p. 36. Bieb. taur. 2. p. 81.
0. major. Poll. pal. no. 600. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 407. Falck,
topog. beytr. 2. p. 212. Pall. ind. taur. Hablitz, taur. p. 154.
Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 58. Orobanche major caryophyllum redo-
lens, Bauh. pinn. p. 87. Tourn. inst. 176. t. 81. Riv. mon. irr.
1. t. 89. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 214. no. 28, exclusive of all the
synonymes. Plant yellowish, or rufescent, as well as the corollas,
which are tipped with purple. Upper lip of corolla large, emar-
ginate. Stigma brown, or purplish. The plant has a strong
smell of cloves when fresh, hence the specific name. The bulb
is said to be scaly.
Clove-scented ^xoova-Kdi^e. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
2 O. crue'nta (Bertol. amoen. ital. p. 89.) pubescent ; scales
lanceolate, acuminated ; spikes loose at bottom and dense at
top; floral scales shorter than the flowers ; upper lip of corolla
emarginate ; segments of the lower lip fimbriately curled ; inner
sides of filaments very hairy, as well as the top of ovarium
and style ; stigma yellow. 1/ . H. Native of Italy. O. caryo-
phyllata, Viv. ann. bot. 1. p. 175. Plant, as well as flowers,
reddish.
Blood-red Broom-Rape. PI. 1 to li foot.
3 O. ma'jor (Lin. spec. 882, exclusive of the syn. but not of
D. C.) hairy ; bulb middle sized, scaly ; scales lanceolate, not
adpressed ; sepals bifid ; corolla inflated, a little curved : upper
lip blunt, entire ; lobes of lower lip equal, acute, denticulated ;
filaments glabrous at bottom, and hairy at top ; style hairy,
pubescent at top, yellow; stigma 2-lobed. %. H. Native of
Europe, growing on furze or broom ; plentiful in some parts
of Britain. Sutton, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 175. Curt. lond. 4. t.
44. Smith, engl. bot. 421. O. barbata, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 183.
O. Ulicis Europffi'i, Vauch.— Petiv. brit. t. 69. f 10. Plant
dusky yellow, or tinged with purple. Corollas of a brownish
rust-colour, tinged with purple, yellowish, or purple.
Larger, or Common Broom-Rape. Fl. June, July. Britain.
PI. i to Ufoot.
4 O. RiGENS (Lois. fl. gall. p. 384.) scape glabrous ; scales
lanceolate, stiff, downy, imbricated ; flowers loosely spicate ;
style and stamens glabrous ; lobes of lower lip of corolla
acutish ; stigma bifid; lobes distant. 1/. H. Native of Cor-
sica ; and of Germany. Lois. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 392.
Stiff-scaled Broom-Rape. PI. J foot. ?
5 O. EPiTHYMUM (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 490.) scape nearly
OROBANCHEiE. I. Orobanche.
629
equal ; scales lanceolate ; flowers spreading, scattered, glandu-
larly viscid, remote ; calycine segments lanceolate, rarely bifid ;
superior lip of corolla rounded, crenulated : lower one 3-lobed :
lobes bluntly crenated ; stigma 2-lobed, reddish. j!/.H. Na-
tive of France, on arid mountains, on the roots of Thymus
serpijUum. O. Thymi-serpylli, Vauch. mon. t. 6. Plant red-
dish.
Var. ft, epithymoides (Duby. bot. gall. 1. p. 349.) scape rather
inflated ; corolla veiny ; upper lip 2-lobed ; lobes superincum-
bent. !{.. H. Native of Provence, near Brignollis, growing
on the roots of Thymus vulgaris. O. Thymi-vulgaris, Vauch.
mon. p. 5. '5.
Thyme Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot.
() O. ga'lii (Dub. bot. gall. 1. p. 349.) scape moderately
thickened at the base, scaly ; scales lanceolate, blackish ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, or irregularly bifid ; corolla inflated ;
upper lip arched, sub-emarginate : lower lip 3-lobed : lobes
roundish; filaments inflexed; anthers blackish ; stigma 2-lobed,
dark red. 1/. H. Native of France, in gravelly places, on the
roots of Galium Molliigo. O. Galii Molliiginis, Vauch. 1. c. t.
7. Scapes reddish. Flowers purplish.
Galium Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot.
7 O. he'der.'e (Vauch. mon. p. 56. t. S.) scape thickened into
a sparingly scaly bulb ; scales lanceolate, fewer ; bracteas atte-
nuated at the apex, reflexed ; upper lip of corolla entire : lower
lip 3-lobed : lobes rounded ; calycine segments nearly entire ;
lower stamens approximate : superior ones divaricate ; stigma
emarginate, yellowish. Tf.. H. Native of Vascony, parasitical
on ivy.
Ivy Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot.
8 O. gra'cilis (Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 172.) pubescent;
scape simple ; floral scales shorter than the flowers ; corolla
inflated : lower lip very short, with the segments obcordate,
unequal, fringed and curled ; stamens and style beset with
spreading hairs. 1/ . H. Native near Genoa, in hilly pastures
at St. Orsese. Corolla size of that of 0. major; but the upper
lip is of a dark or purplish colour, and less fringed and curled.
Ovarium smooth. Stamens rather exserted. It differs from
O. minor in the larger inflated corolla, short lower lip, longer
stamens, and hairy style.
Slender Broom- Rape. PI. 1 to l| foot.
9 O. cy'tisi (Duby, bot. gall. 349.) scape thickened be-
yond the base ; scales ovate-oblong, remote, clothed with
scurfy hairs ; calycine segments divided into linear segments;
corolla ventricose, glandular outside ; upper lip short, nearly
entire: lower one 3-lobed; stigma deeply divided. 1/. H.
Native of Provence, near Mees, in stony places ; Eastern Py-
renees, Tolosa, and Vascony. O. foe'tida, Duby, bot. gall. p.
349. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 392. O. variegata, Wailr. diask. p.
40. O. cytisi scoparii, Vauch. mon. p. 37. This is the largest
of the species. Flowers fulvous.
Cytisus Broom-Rape. PI. I5 to 2 feet.
* * Corolla cylindrical, not campanulate, more or less incurved.
10 O. AMMo'pHiLA (C. A. Meyer, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
889. fl. alt. 2. p. 454.) clothed with white wool ; floral scales
ovate-lanceolate, equalling the flowers in length ; sepals bifid :
lobes lanceolate, nearly equal, shorter than the tube of the co-
rolla, which is incurved and cylindrical ; lips of corolla nearly
equal ; lobes of lower lip obtuse, denticulated, nearly equal ;
filaments and style hairy ; stigma sub-bipartite, with very
spreading segments. %. H. Native of Altuia, in sandy places,
at the rivers Irtysch and Bekun, and at the mines of Loktewsk.
Sepals free. This is said to differ from O. ccerulea, in the
sepals being less deeply cleft ; in the shorter tube of corolla,
and in being deeper blue ; and in the filaments and style being
always hairy.
Sand-loving Broom-Rape. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
11 O. crini'ta (Viv. fl. cors. p. 11.) scape furnished with
linear, elongated scales at the base ; floral scales linear, acumi-
nated, hairy outside, exceeding the flowers ; corolla 4-cleft, in-
curved, subcylindrical ; lobes rounded, crenatcly ciliated ; fila-
ments and capsule quite glabrous; stigma 2-lobed, recurved.
%. H. Native of Corsica, near Bonifacio. Flowers fulvous.?
Spike elongated, compact, comose by bracteas at top.
Long-haired Broom-Rape. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
12 O. sPARsiFLORA (Wallr. sched. crit. 1. p. 310.) pubescent;
flowers remote, spicate ; floral scales equal in length to the
flowers ; corolla hairy ; upper lip subemarginate ; lobes of
the lower lip obovate : middle one the largest : stamens cili-
ated. %. H. Native of Middle Germany.
Scattered-Lowered Broom-Rape. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
13 O. c.erule'scens (Steph. in. Willd. spec. 3. p. 349.)
plant pubescent ; scape simple ; lower scales adpressed : upper
ones spreading, and clothed with white villi : floral ones ovate,
long-acuminated, length of flowers ; spike dense, elongated ;
calyx bifid, with bipartite, subulate, unequal segments, nearly
the length of the tube of the corolla ; genitals glabrous ; upper
lip of corolla emarginate. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia, towards
the Caspian sea ; and of Caucasus, about the river Terek.
Bieb. cauc. 2. p. 82. Spike 3 inches long. Corollas bluish.
Floral scales and calyxes white from hairs.
Bluish-dowered Broom-Rape. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
14 O. Medica'ginis (Duby, bot. gall. p. 349.) scape hardly
inflated at the base ; lower scales numerous, lanceolate, black-
ish : floral ones short, and fewer ; calycine segments 2-lobed ;
corolla elongated, with a constricted throat : lower lip 3-lobed ;
galea subemarginate ; stigma bifid, reflexed, yellowish-red. 1/ .
H. Native of France, growing from the roots of Medicago
saliva. O. Medicaginis sativse, Vaucher, mon. t. 2. Plant
yellowish.
Lucern Broom-Rape. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
15 M. MINOR (Sutt. in Lin. trans. 4. p. 179. t. 17. f. 1,
2, 3.) hairy; scape thickened at the base, moderately scaly;
floral scales lanceolate, pilose ; calycine segments sometimes
simple and sometimes bifid ; corolla arcuately cylindrical ;
upper lip rounded and crenulated : lower one trifid, with equal,
rounded, crenulated lobes ; stamens inserted beyond the base of
the corolla, beset with glandular hairs below ; stigma retuse, ex
Sutton ; 2-lobed, purplish, with transverse chinks, ex Duby ;
anthers blackish; style smooth at top. 1/. H. Native of Eu-
rope, in fields and pastures, growing from the roots of Trifblium
pratense ; plentiful in some parts of Britain, as in Norfolk,
Smith, engl. bot. 422. O. major, Loefl. hisp. no. Hi. O.
major, ft, Haller, helv. ed. 1. p. 610. ed. 2d. no. 209. O. bar-
bata, Lam. diet. 4. p. 621. O. flore minore, Ray. syn. 288.
O. ramosa, ft, Huds. engl. ed. 2. p. 266. O. trifolii-pratensis,
Vauch. mon. t. 5. Plant flesh-coloured. Flowers whitish-yel-
low, with purple veins, varying to full yellow, finally becoming
of a rust-colour or purplish.
Smaller Broom-Rape. Fl. July, Aug. Britain, PI. g to 1 foot.
16 O. elatior (Sutt. in Lin. trans. 4. p. 178. t. 17. f. 4.)
clothed with clammy hairs ; scape nearly equal ; scales lanceo-
late ; flowers remote ; calycine segments bifid, with linear
lobes ; corolla tubular, cylindrical, recurved, veiny ; limb pli-
cate or fringed ; upper lip emarginate : lower one 3-lobed ; sta-
mens beset with hairs below ; stigma bifid, obcordate, brownish-
yellow ; style smooth above. %. H. Native of Europe, in
woods and fields, growing from the roots of Centaurea scabibsa ;
in England, in clover-fields, thickets, and bushy, hilly places, on
a gravelly soil. Smith, engl. bot. 568. Fl. dan. 1334. O.
630
OROBANCHEiE. I. Oroeanche.
CentaureBe-scabiosae, Vaucb. mon. p. 61. with a figure. O.
major, Sibth. p. 191. Flowers of a pale russet-colour, with
darker veins.
Ta/Zer Broom-Rape. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 1|
foot.
17 O. NUDiFLORA (Wallr. sched. crit. 1. p. 310.) pubescent;
scales narrow, few ; spike few-flowered, loose ; floral scales ex-
ceeding the flowers, which are tubular ; lobes of corolla quite
entire ; middle segment of the lower lip obovate ; stamens
downy at the base; style glabrous ; stigma 2-lobed. ? l/.. H.
Native of Germany and Denmark. O. minor, Vahl, fl. dan. t.
1213.
Nahed-Jlomered Broom-Rape. PI. g to 1 foot.
18 O. a'lba (Steph. in VVilld. spec" 3. p. 350. Rchb. icon,
t. 679. and t. 680.) scape simple, beset with glandular hairs at
top ; scales remote, adpressed, lanceolate ; spike elongated,
loose ; floral scales ovate, acute, clothed with glandular hairs, a
little longer than the calyx ; calyx bifid, with entire segments ;
corolla cylindrical : upper lip obcordate, denticulated, as well as
the segments of the lower lip; base of filaments and top of style
beset with glandular hairs; stigma large, 2-lobed. 1^. H.
Native of Siberia, towards the Caspian Sea ; and of Caucasus,
on the Talusch mountains, at the altitude of from 500 to 800
hexapods. The corollas are generally white ; but there are also
varieties with dirty purplish, or brownish corollas.
/f/«<e-flowered Broom-Rape. PI. I foot.
§ 2. Superior lip of corolla hijid.
19 O. sPECiosA (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 490.) scape beset with glan-
dular hairs ; spike dense ; corolla tubular ; upper lip 2-lobed :
lobes all rounded and crenulated ; middle segment of the lower
lip larger than the lateral ones ; calycine segments undivided ;
stamens and style glabrous. 1/!. H. Native of France, at
Telon.
Showy Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot.
20 O. ku'bra (Smith, engl. hot. t. 1786. fl. 3. p. 148.)
clothed with glandular, viscid pubescence ; scape simple, densely
scaly ; calycine segments 2, lanceolate, undivided ; floral scales
.shorter than the flowers ; corolla tubular, somewhat tumid ;
upper lip bifid ; lobes all crenated and fringed with short, glan-
dular hairs on the margin ; base of stamens, and top of style
fringed and glandidar. 1/. H. Native of the North of Ire-
land and Scotland, on basaltic rocks ; plentiful at Cave-hill, near
Belfast ; also on the Giant's Causeway ; at Staffa, and near
Kirkaldy. Hook. fl. lond. t. 105. Root creeping along the
rock. The whole plant is of a rusty-purplish colour. Spike
not dense. Flowers with a powerful scent of honeysuckle.
iferf-flowered Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot.
21 O. acau'lis (Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 29.) scapeless ; flowers
crowded into irregular heads, which are sessile on the roots ;
calyx 1 -leaved, opening on the side, or divided into 2 unequal
portions; segments of corolla jagged ; anthers simple, each inner
pair augmented with a large, recurved, oval gland ; stigma pel-
tate. If. G. Native of the East Indies, parasitical on the
roots of the China sugar-cane in the botanic garden at Calcutta.
Bracteas triangular, embracing the base of 1 or more pedicels.
Corolla purple outside, yellow inside.
Slemless Broom-Rape. PI. dwarf.
22 O. condensata (Mor. elench. sard. fasc. 2d. ex Linniea,
5. p. 94.) scapes villous ; scales lanceolate, acuminated; calyx
bipartite, with semibifid segments ; upper lip of corolla some-
what 2-lobed ; spike elongated, cylindrical, compact ; style gla-
brous ; stamens rather pilose at the base. i;. H. Native of
Sardinia, on the roots of Genista Corsica. Said to be nearly
allied to 0. speciosa, D. C.
Coi)de7ised-s-p\keA Broom-Rape. PI. | to 1 foot. ?
23 O. sORDiDA (C. A. Meyer, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 386. fl.
alt. 2. p. 455.) pubescent ; floral scales oblong-lanceolate, about
half as long as the flowers ; calycine segments free, bifid: lobes
lanceolate, nearly equal ; corolla cylindrical, incurved ; lips of
equal length : lobes of the lower one oblong, acutish, quite en-
tire, flat, middle lobe the longest ; filaments and style rather
hairy ; stigma 2-lobed. 11. H. Native of Altaia, in the Soon-
garian desert, on the Arkaul mountains, not far from lake Noor-
saisan, in rocky places. Hairs white. Corolla dirty yellow, or
pale brown, glandular outside ; lobes of the upper lip truncate
or rounded. Style glandular, and sometimes the stamens.
Dirly-Rov/ered Broon>Rape. Fl. May. PI. 1 foot.
24 O. fce'tida (P :. itin. 2. p. 195. Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 59.
t. 144. Tenor, fl. nap. 2. p. 63. Viv. fl. libyc. p. 34.) scape
simple, hairy, fistular ; scales lanceolate : floral scales linear-
lanceolate, longer than the corollas ; calyx 2-leaved : segments
bifid, lanceolate, subulate, unequal ; corolla cylindrical ; upper
lip 2-lobed : lower one 3-lobed : lobes roundish, denticulated ;
stigma thick, 2-lobed. If. H. Native of Barbary, every where
in fields and cultivated ground ; and of Tripoli, on hills. Link,
et Hoffm. fl. port. 2. p. 316. t. 62. Bracteas hairy. Corolla
dark purple, size of those of O. major. Stamens inclosed.
Stinking Broom-Rape. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
25 O. amce'na (C. a. Meyer, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ilk t. 385.
fl. alt. 2. p. 457.) smoothish ; floral scales ovate-lanceolate, 3
times shorter than the flowers ; calycine segments free, bifid,
with linear-lanceolate, nearly equal lobes ; corolla cylindrical,
incurved ; lips of equal length : lobes of the lower lip bluntish,
denticulated : middle lobe rather the longest ; filaments hairy at
the base, but rather glandular at top, as well as the style; stigma
2-lobed. 11 . H. Native along with the preceding, on the
Arkaul mountains. The whole plant is clothed with glandular
scurf, nearly glabrous, and of a yellowish-brown colour. Co-
rollas of a deep violet-blue colour, with a few glands outside.
Lobes of the upper lip nearly orbicular, denticulated. Nearly
allied to O. sordida and O. arenuria, Bieb.
Pleasant Broom-Rape. PI. \ foot.
26 O. RAPUM (Tlniil. par. ed. 2d. p. 317. Duby, hot. gall.
1. p. 348.) scape thickened into an imbricately scaly bulb;
scales ovate-oblong, clothed with clammy hairs ; calycine seg-
ments free, bifid, with nearly equal, linear lobes; corolla in-
flated ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower one 3-lobed ; stigma 2-lobed,
yellow. If. H. Native of France, in sterile and argillaceous
soil, from the roots of Genista tinctoria, Wallr. diask. p. 32.
O. major, Lam. ill. t. 551. but not of Lin. O. genistas tincto-
riae, Vauch. mon. t. 1. — Mor. hist. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 2. Plant
reddish-yellow.
Far. ji, gracilis; plant much more slender ; scales dilated at
the base ; flowers few, short. 1/ . H. Native of France, from
the roots of Genista sagittciUs. O. vulgaris, Lam. diet. 4. p.
621. ? D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 489. O. genistse sagittalis, Vauch.
mon. Perhaps a species.
Rape Broom-Rape. PL 1 foot.
27 O. PRUiNOSA (Laper. abr. suppl. p. 87.) scape fistular,
pilose, pruinosely grey, dilated into a middle sized bulb ; scales
lanceolate : floral ones narrow, shorter than the corolla ; calycine
segments deeply and narrowly bifid ; lips of corolla plicate at
the top : superior one bifid : lower one 3-lobed : lobes denticu-
lated ; stigma deeply divided, pale purple. %. H. Native of
the Eastern Pyrenees, on the roots of Faba satloa. O. fabse
sativse, Vauch. mon. p. 37. t. 5. Flowers white.
Frosted Broom-Rape. PI. i- to 1 foot.
28 O. arena'ria (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 83.) smoothish ;
scales lanceolate ; spike few-flowered ; floral scales smaller
than the corolla, and are, as well as the calyxes, smooth ; caly-
OROBANCHEiE. I. Orobanche. II. Phelip^a.
631
cine segments bifid ; lobes of corolla acutish ; stamens glabrous.
IJ. H. Native of Podolia, Bessarabia, Taiiria, and Caucasus.
O. cretica proc^rior non ramosa, caule tenui, flore parvo sub-
caeruleo, Tourn. cor. p. 10. Scapes simple. Corolla blue :
upper lip bifid.
Sand Broom-Rape. PL 1 foot. ?
29 O. SANGUINEA (Presl. del prag. p. 176.) pubescent;
scape simple, scaly ; floral scales about equal in length to the
flowers ; spike dense ; lobes of corolla equal, obtuse, denticu-
lated ; stamens quite glabrous. Tf.. H. Native of Sicily.
Bloody Broom-Rape. PI. 1 to U foot. ?
30 O. ru'bi (Duby, bot. gall. p. 350.) scape thickened into a
scaly bulb, beset with white hairs ; scales numerous, blackish ;
calycine segments bifid ; upper lip of corolla bifid : lower one
3-lobed : lobes roundish, erose ; stamens adnate above the base;
stigma 2-lobed, yellowish. If. . H. Native of Provence, in corn-
fields near Luc, parasitical on the roots of Rubiis fruticdsus. O.
rubi frutieosi, Vauch. mon. t. 9. Scapes reddish. Flowers
pale yellow.
Bramble Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot. ?
31 O. Ery'ngii (Duby, bot. gall. p. 350.) scape incurved at
the base, scaly ; scales numerous, lanceolate, half adherent ; ca-
lycine segments deeply bifid : lobes linear ; upper lip of corolla
arched, hardly bifid : lower lip 3-lobed, subplicate ; stigma 2-
lobed, reddish, i; . H. Native of the southern provinces of
France, parasitical on the roots of Eryngiuni campestre. O.
Eryngii campestris, Vaucher. mon. p. 58. t. 10. Scapes red,
hairy. Flowers reddish white.
Eryngo Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot. ?
32 O. coNcoLOR (Duby, bot. gall. p. 350.) scape dilated at
the base, scaly, slender ; scales numerous, lanceolate, blackish-
yellow ; flowers numerous ; calycine segments hairy, generally
bifid ; corolla yellow ; upper lip somewhat 2-lobed : lower lip
3-lobed, elongated ; stamens and ovarium 2-lobed ; stigma yel-
low. T^. H. Native of Provence, parasitical on the roots of
Scahibsa columbaria, Chceropliyllum sylvestre, and Mentha arven-
sis. O. scabiosae Columbarije, Vauch. mon. p. 59. t. 11. Plant
wholly yellow.
Self-coloured Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot. ?
S3 O. peduncula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 29.) smooth ; scape
simple, furnished with a few tapering, fleshy scales ; floral scales
triangular ; calyx spath-formed, 1 -leaved, opening by a single
slit on the inner side ; corolla with an inflated tube, as long as
the calyx ; limb 5-parted, nearly equal : segments reniform,
finely toothed on the edges ; filaments smooth ; stigma broad,
cordate, peltate. 1/ . S. Native of Bengal, parasitical upon
the roots o( Andropogon muricatus. Peduncles length of stem,
1 -flowered. Flowers very large. Corolla with a yellow tube,
and a deep violet limb. Calyx filled with a clear clammy liquor.
Stamens inclosed. Anthers connected, entangled by a long,
horizontal, fleshy appendage, into which the filaments are in-
serted. Capsule ovate. Perhaps a species of /Eginelia.
Peduncled Broom-Rape. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
Sect. II. Sepals combined in the back part towards the base ;
not in front, as in the sect. 1. ; the front part being free.
34 O. Bi'coLOR (C. A. Meyer, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 390. fl.
alt. 2. p. t58.) plant scurfy ; floral scales ovate, acute, about
twice as long as the flowers ; calycine segments bifid or undi-
vided: lobes lanceolate, nearly equal; corolla cylindrical, in-
curved ; upper lip the longest, 2-lobed : lobes of the lower lip
small, nearly orbicular, denticulated, nearly equal ; filaments pu-
berulous at the base, but glabrous at top, as well as the style ;
stigma emarginate. T^.H. Native of Altaia, in the Soonga-
rian desert, in argillaceous and sandy soil, on the banks of the
river Tschuganka, towards the foot of Mount Tschingistan ; and
of Spain. ? O. cernua, Pall. ind. taur. Lin. spec. 882. ?
Loefl. itin. 2. p. 229.? Corollas white or pale violet: limb
small, deep violet. Stigma yellow.
T7vo-coloured-Qowered Broom-Rape. PI. 2 to | foot.
35 O. me'dia (Desf. fl. atl. p. 59.) scape simple, hairy, stri-
ated, firm ; scales adpressed, ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; flowers
densely spicate ; floral scales ovate, concave, length of calyx ;
calyx 2-leaved : leaflets bifid : lobes narrow, acute ; corolla
curved, twice as long as the calyx ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower
one 3-lobed : lobes rounded, nearly equal ; stamens inclosed.
1/ . H. Native of Barbary, near Cafsa, in sandy places. Co-
rollas size of those of Phclipce'a rambsa, pale yellow.
Intermediate Broom-Rape. PI. 1 to \i foot. ?
\ Species hardly known.
36 O. purpu'rea (Lin. suppl. 288. syst. 573.) stem simple
and branched, villous ; flowers racemose ; pedicels opposite ;
corolla quadrifid, campanulate ; anthers spurred. l^.G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant purplish-red, with large
flowers, becoming black on drying.
Purple Broom-Rape. PI.
SI O. Cape'nsis (Thunb. prod. 97.) stem simple, villous ;
corolla curved, clavate. 1^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Cape Broom-Rape. PI.
38 O. interrl'pta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 181.) stem branched,
flexuous ; spike of flowers interrupted. IJ.G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. O. ramosa, Thunb. prod. 97. but not of
Lin.
Interrupted-i'pW.edi Broom-Rape. PI. 1 foot. ?
39 O. longiflora (Pers. ench. 2. p. 181.) stem hairy,
branched a little ; tube of corolla flaccid, very long. % . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Long-florvered Broom -Rape. PI.
40 O. ^GYPTi\vcA (Pers. 1. c.) many-stemmed; flowers on
long peduncles ; calyx 5-cleft ; anthers bearded at top. 7{.. G.
Native of Egypt. Fdaments glabrous. Perhaps a species of
Phelipce^a.
Egyptian Broom-Rape. PI.
Cult. Singular parasitical plants, none of which are properly
cultivatable.
II. PHELIPiE'A (so named by Tournefort, after the illus-
trious family Phelipeaux ; great patrons of the natural sci-
ences, and of Tournefort.) Tourn. inst. p. 47. Desf fl.
atl. 2. p. 60. t. 145. Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 459. Orobanche,
Lin. and other authors. Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 43. t. 185. f. 4.
Lam. ill. t. 971.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx bibracteate,
tubular, 4-5-cleft or 4-5-toothed. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip
bifid: lower one trifid. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Capsule 1-
celled, 2-valved ; valves dehiscing at top, but cohering at the
base ; placentas parietal, 2 in each valve. — Plants with the
habit of Orobanche ; but are readily distinguished by the tubu-
lar, bibracteate calyx, and in the capsule dehiscing at top in-
stead of at the side.
Sect. I. Triony'chion (from rguq -pia, treis tria, three ; and
ovvxiov, onychion, a little claw ; in reference to there bemg 3
bracteas to each flower ; that is, 2 bracteas to the calyx, and otie
floral scale.) Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 460. Orobanche, sect. Triony-
chion, Wallr. diask. p. 58. Vauch. mon. p. 65. Kopsia, Du-
1
632
OROBANCHE^. II. Phelip.ea.
mont. Calyx 4-5-cleft : lobes elongated, unequal, acuminated.
Anthers with glabrous superfices, and villous dehiscing cells.
Capsule crowned by the base of the deciduous style.
1 P. LANUGINOSA (C. A. Meycf, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
377. fl. alt. 2. p. 460.) clothed with white wool ; floral scales
ovate-lanceolate, longer than the calyxes ; lobes of calyx lanceo-
late, nearly equal ; throat of corolla inflated a little ; superior
lip rather the longest : lobes of lower lip nearly equal, elliptic,
obtuse, a little denticulated ; filaments and anthers glabrous ;
style glandular ; stigma 2-lobed. 2/ . H. Native of Altaia, in
grassy places at the rivers Talitza and Katunga, and near Bar-
naoul ; and of Caucasus. Orobanche cae'sia, Rchb. icon. t. 698.
Scape yellowish. Corolla bluish. This is said to be interme-
diate between P. comosa and P. c(triilca, but differs from both
in being clothed with white wool, &c.
Woolly Plielipa;a. PI. i to | foot.
2 P. RAMosA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 104.) root a solid bulb ;
scape naked, or furnished with a very few scales, hairy, swelling
at the root, branched ; spikes acute, terminal ; bracteas hardly
as long as the calyxes ; calyx suburceolate, 4-5-cleft, unequal,
acuminated ; corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, swollen at the
base, and yellow : upper part and lips blue, hairy outside :
upper lip roundish, bifid: lower lip trifid ; segments rounded,
obtuse : the middle segment largest, with 2 yellow prominences
at the mouth ; stamens inclosed, downy at the base ; stigma
emarginate, white. % . H. Native of Europe ; as of the
South of France, Germany, and Britain ; also of Caucasus, Bar-
bary, and the Grecian Islands ; in many parts of Britain, from
the roots of hemp, in moist, rich fields, particularly in Norfolk
and Suffolk, on Galeopsis Tetrahit. Orobanche ramosa, Lin.
spec. 882. Smith, engl. hot. 184. Sutton, in Lin. trans. 4. p.
185. Lam. ill. 551. f. 2. Rchb. icon. t. 696. Orobanche
cannabis, Vaucher. mon. t. 16. — Mor. hist. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 7.
Root furnished with one or two ovate-lanceolate, sessile scales.
Stem and branches brown, or dirty yellow, or yellow tinged with
purple. Filaments and style bluish ; anthers yellow. Stigma
blunt. It is distinguished from P. cceridea by its sharp spikes,
the few scales on the stem and branches ; the calyxes and brac-
teas being shorter by half than the corolla, the tube of which
becomes globular at bottom after florescence. The stem is
sometimes, though seldom, unbranched.
Var. ft, violacea ; this differs from the European plant in the
corollas being wholly blue. 2/. H. Native of Barbary and
the Levant. O. ramosa, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 60. Smith, fl.
iirsec. t. 608. Orobanche ramosa, floribus purpurascentibus,
Bauh. pin. p. 88. Tourn. inst. p. 136.
Branched Phelipsea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PI. i to 1 foot.
'i P. CjEru'le A (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 104.) root fibrous ; scape
simple, hairy ; scales ovate-
lanceolate, hairy ; spikes loose,
bluntish ; bracteas linear-lance-
olate, scarcely equal in length to
the calyx ; calyx 4-cleft, with the
rudiment of a fifth, lanceolate,
acuminated, exceeding the cap-
sule ; corolla hairy ; tube cy-
lindrical below, incurved in the
middle : segments of the lower
lip equal ; filaments naked ;
stigma 2-lobed, yellowish. I^.
H. Native of Europe, on the
borders of fields ; as of Swit-
zerland, Austria, Germanv,
South of France ; also of Cau-
casus ; in Britain, but rare, in
FIG. 62.
grassy pastures near the sea ; on the borders of fields in
Hampshire ; near Northreps, Norfolk. Orobanche cserulea,
Vill. dauph. 2. p. 406. Sutton, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 182. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 423. Rchb. icon. t. 692. Orobanche purpurea,
Jacq. austr. t. 276. O. lae'vis, Lin. spec. 882. Orobanche
purpurascens, Gmel. syst. p. 954. t. 14. Orobanche ramosa, ft,
With. arr. ed. 3d. p. 558. Orobanche Artimisese vulgaris,
Vauch. mon. t. 14. P. cernua, Pall. ind. taur. — Buxb. cent. 3.
p. 2. t. 1. f. 2.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 215. t. 46. f. 1. Scape sim-
ple, of a yellowish olive colour. Flowers bluish-violet. Stigma
capitate.
i?Z«e-flowered Phelipsea. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 2 *" f
foot.
4 P. I'ndica ; plant branched, hairy ; scape with a scale at
each ramification only ; calyx subunilateral, 5-cleft ; spikes
dense, clavate ; corolla tubular : upper lip 2-lobed : lower lip
3-lobed ; anthers woolly, 2-lobed : cells spurred ; filaments
smooth ; stigma 2-lobed. 1[. 8. Native of Hindostau, Oude,
Nipaul, at the roots of Tobacco. Orobanche I'ndica, Roxb. fl.
ind. 3. p. 27. This species is said to be nearly allied to P. cer-
nua and P. ramosa ; but differs from both, in the flowers being
twice the size, but also blue. Root fibrous.
Indian Phelipsea. PI. | to 1 foot.
5 P. COMOSA ; scape nearly simple : scales hairy ; calyx 4-
lobed : lobes linear ; corolla funnel-shaped, tubular, wide, 5-
cleft : lobes roundish : lower one smaller : anthers at length
pilose; stigma 2-lobed, rufescent. 1^. H. Native of the
southern provinces of France, parasitical on the roots of many
kinds of plants. Orobanche comosa, Wallr. sched. crit. 1. p.
314. Orobanche vagabiinda, Vauch. mon. t. 15. Scape bluish,
Corollas blue.
Comose Phelipaea. PI. | to | foot.
6 P. LONGiFLORA ; pubcsccut ; floral scales ovate, obtuse;
calyx 4-5-parted ; spikes loose ; corolla 3 times as long as the
calyx : lower lip elongated ; stamens downy. %. H. Native
of Siberia, at the Volga. Orobanche longiflora, Trev. in repert.
soc. nat. berol. 1813. 2. p. 150. t. 2. f. 10, 11. Said by Bieb.
to be a variety of P. ccerulea.
Long-fluwered Phelipsea. PI. 1 to 1 1 foot. ?
7 P. Ludovicia'na ; clothed with powdery pubescence; scape
low and simple ; flowers and ovate scales subimbricated ; calyx
unequally and deeply 5-cleft ; corolla recurved, 5-cleft ; sta-
mens inclosed, smooth. % . H. Native of North America, in
sandy alluvial soil, around Fort Mandan abundant, but not ap-
parently parasitical. Flowers very numerous and crowded,
much longer than the bracteas. Segments of calyx long, linear,
and acute. Upper lip of corolla bifid : lower one trifid and
plaited, purple. Anthers whitish : lobes acute at the base.
Louisiana Phelipsea. PI. 3 to 4 inches.
8 P. Californica ; clothed with viscid down ; scape simple ;
flowers corymbose ; scales broad-lanceolate, acute, short, nume-
rous at the base ; corolla straight, tubular : upper lip flat, 2-
lobed at apex : lower one trifid : segments distant, linear, acute;
anthers sagittate, with a villous chink ; stigma orbicular, pel-
tate. % . H. Native of California, at Port St. Francisco.
Orobanche Californica, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linna;a, 3. p. 134.
Flowers pedicellate. Calyx bibracteate, campanulate, deeply
5-toothed ; segments linear-narrow, dilated at the base.
Californian Phelipsea. PI. \ foot.
9 P. coMPACTA ; scape simple, imbricated with scales, flori-
ferous from the base ; spike ovate, many-flowered ; bracteas
ovate; upper lip of corolla bifid: segments ovate, acute. "U.
H. Native on the shores of the Great Syrtus. Orobanche
compacta, Viv. fl. libyc. p. 34. t. 15. f. 2. Scape thickened
at the base. Floral scales one half the length of the flowers.
Calyx 4-leaved ; segments ovate, obtuse, sometimes truncate, 3
OROBANCHE^. II. Phelip^a. III. Anoilon.
633
times shorter than the corolla. Corolla incurved, gradually
dilated to the mouth ; lobes of upper lip ovate, acute ; seg-
ments of the lower lip roundisli, undulated, nearly equal. Sta-
mens length of tube ; filaments smooth ; anthers hairy from in-
terwoven pili. Stigma capitately truncate.
Conj;)a(<-flowered Fhelipaea. PI. 5 to | foot.
10 P. Capl'nsis ; glabrous, a little branched ; flowers spicate ;
bracteas, floral scales, and calyxes obtuse ; corolla tubular, in-
curved ; upi)er lip bifid ; calyx 4-5- parted. 1/ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Orobanclie squammita, Thunb. prod.
97.
Cape PlielipEea. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. II. H.emodoron (from a'lfia, haima, blood ; and iwpov,
doron, a gift ; in allusion to the flowers in most species being
red.) Ledeb. H. alt. 2. p. 461. Cistanthe, Hoff'm. et Link, fl.
port. vol. 2. Calyx semiquinquefid ; lobes equal, obtuse. An-
thers woolly all over. Capsule terminated by the permanent
style, at length separating lengthwise. Scapes very simple.
11 P. sa'lsa (Meyer, in fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 376. Led. fl. alt.
2. p. 461.) plant rather woolly; floral scales ovate-lanceolate,
longer than the calyx ; bracteas nearly linear ; lobes of calyx
nearly orbicular, equal ; corolla straightish, tubular, campanu-
late : lobes nearly equal, semiorbicular, spreading ; style gla-
brous ; stigma emarginate. If.. H. Native of the Kirghisean
.Steppe, in saltish, argillaceous soil, beyond the Kurtschimi, to-
wards the east. Amblatura Tatariciim, Fiscli. in litt. Scape
tuberously thickened at the base. Calyx glabrous. Corolla
having the scent of violets, glabrous outside ; tube wliite ; limb
beautiful violet ; plicse of the throat yellow, hairy. Filaments
densely woolly at the base, and the whole surfaces of the anthers
clothed with white wool.
Salt Phelipaa. PI. i to 1 foot.
12 P. Fi'ssA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 104.) plant woolly ;
floral scales lanceolate, obtuse, longer than the calyxes; upper or
posterior segments of calyx linear : lower or anterior one spath-
formed, and 4-toothed: teeth obtuse; corolla violaceous, straight-
ish, campanulately tubular, with nearly equal, semiorbictilar,
spreading lobes ; filaments bearded at the base; anthers mucro-
nulate, drawn out at top into a connective ; style glabrous ;
stigma undivided. 1/. H. Native of Caucasus, near Baku.
Allied to P. salsa.
C/e/i-calyxed Phelipaea. PI. 1 to 1 foot.
13 P. fla'va (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 104.) quite glabrous ;
scales linear-lanceolate : floral ones much longer than the co-
rollas ; calyx tubular, with rounded lobes ; corolla yellow, in-
curved, tubularly campanulate, with spreading, nearly equal,
ovate lobes ; filaments pubescent at the base ; anthers mucronu-
late, drawn out into a connective at top ; style very glabrous ;
stigma subretuse. 11. H. Native of Caucasus, along with
Convolvulus crinaceus. Nearly allied to P. lutea. Anthers
sometimes resupinate.
Yellow-^oviexeA Plielipaea. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
14 P. VIOLA CEA (Desf. fl. atl. S.'p. GO. t. 145.) scape fleshy;
scales lanceolate, bluntish, scattered, numerous; spike conical ;
bracteas coloured ; calyx semiquinquefid : segments elliptic, ob-
tuse ; limb of corolla irregular, S-cleft : lobes rounded ; anthers
villous; stigma thick, 2-lobed. 2/.H. Native of Barbary, in
a sandy desert near Tozzer ; and of Tripoli, on the sea shore.
Orobanclie Phelipae'a, Willd. spec. 3. p. 352. Scapes siinple,
or branched at the base. Corollas size of those of Antirrhinum
majus, violaceous ; plicse in the throat yellow, ex Desf , of two
colours ; that is, the tube is white, and the limb violet, ex Viv.
fl. libyc.
VOL. IV.
Violaceous-fHovicred Phelipaea. PI. 3 to 1 foot.
15 P. LU^TEA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 61. t."l4G.) scape fleshy, fur-
rowed ; corolla arched, narrowed at the base. if. H. Native
of Barbary, in humid, sandy places on the shores of the river
Elliammah, near Mascar ; and of Portugal. Orobanclie tinc-
toria, Forsk. desc. p. 112. Valil, symb. 2. \i. 70. Plielipa^'a
Lusitanica flore luteo, Tourn. cor. 47. LathraL-'a Phelipaj'a,
Lin. spec. 844. Very nearly allied to the preceding ; but dif-
fers in tbe corolla being yellow, in the tube being narrower at
the base, and in the limb being widened below.
Pe/Zow-flowered Phelipaea. PI. j to 1 foot.
16 P.? subacau'lis (Benth. scroph. ind. p. 55.') stem very
short, thick, scaly ; peduncles 3-4 on each stem, shorter than
the scales, 1 -flowered ; calyx 6-7 lines long, tubular, inflated a
little at the base, irregularly 4-5 -toothed at apex; corolla 2j
inches long : tube slender at the base, but widened at length
into an ample dilated throat : limb short, and broadly somewhat
bilabiate, 5-lobed ; stamens 4, glabrous ; anthers glabrous ; cells
spurred ; stigma capitate ; 1 capsule not seen. 1/ . S. Native
of the Indian Peninsula. In the Madras herbarium along wiih
/Eginet'ia abbreviata.
Almost-stemless Phelipaea. PI. ?
Cult. Plants not cultivatable.
III. ANOTLON (from a priv. and ottXoc, /iopZon, a shield ; in
reference to the scapes being without scales.) Wallr. diask. p.
78. Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 103. Piielipse'a species, Desf.
Spreng. Orobanche species of authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Flowers hermaphro-
dite, bractless. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, sub-bilabiate ; up-
per lip of corolla bifid : lower one trifid. Stigma capitate,
quite entire, or sub-emarginate. Capsule 1-cellcd, 2-valved ;
valves dehiscing at top, combined at the base ; placentas pari-
etal, 2 to each valve. — Plants with the habit of Orobanche.
1 A. TouRNEFORTii ; scapc Simple, villous, l-flowercd, naked,
but involved in scale-like sheaths at the base, which rise from
the root ; lobes of corolla spreading, circinate. ~ll . H. Native
of Armenia. Phelipae'a Tournefortii, Desf. ann. mus. 10. p.
298. t. 21. Phelipae'a orientalis flore coccineo, Tourn. cor. p.
47. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, unequal. Corolla
large, scarlet, with 2 large, bearded, black plicae in the throat.
Style recurved. Stigma capitate, entire.
Tourncfort's Anoplon. PI. ^ foot.
2 A. BiEBERSTEiNii (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 104.) scape sim-
ple, 1 -flowered, remotely scaly ; lobes of corolla equal, orbi-
cular, spreading. 11 . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, in
alpine regions, at the elevation of 800 to 1200 hexapods ; also
of Siberia, towards the Caspian sea. Phelipae'a foliata, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 818. Orobanche coccinea, Bieb. casp. p. 58. pi. rar.
ross. 2. t. 5G. Phelipas'a coccinea, Pers. ench. 2. p. 181.
Lathree'a Phelipaj'a, Guild, itin. 1. p. 422. Calyx unequally 5-
parted. Corolla inflated, 5-cleft, sub-bilabiate, scarlet.
Bieberslein's Anoplon. PI. -J foot.
3 A. fascicula'tum ; stem short and simple ; peduncles many,
naked, nearly terminal, and about the length of the stem ; scales
few, ovate, and concave, pubescent ; lobes of corolla very short,
rounded, and naked on the margins. %. H. Native in sandy
alluvial soils around Fort Mandan. Orobanche fasciculata,
Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 59. Plielipae'a fasciculata, Spreng. syst.
2. p. 818. Stem clothed with powdery pubescence, terminating
in 6 or more naked, filiform peduncles. Calyx camp.inulate,
semiquinquefid ; segments sublanceolate, acute. Corolla curved,
tubular, pale purple: segments short: lower lip producing a
grooved palate. Stamens smooth. Lobes of anthers parallel.
4 M
634 OROBANCHEjE. III. Anoplon. IV. Boschniakia. V. Canopholis. VI. Epiphegus. VII. Lathr^a.
Fascicled Anoplon. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
4 A. BiFLORUM ; stem very short, usually obsolete, mostly 2-
flowered ; peduncles scape-formed, naked ; scales smooth, con-
cave ; lobes of corolla oblong-oval, with a pubescent, coloured
margin. %. H. Native in shady woods throughout the Atlan-
tic States, Nutt. ; Carolina to Virginia, Piirsh. Orobanche uni-
flora, Lin. spec. 882. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. 4S1. Orobanche
biflora, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 59. Phelipse^a biflora, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 818. Calyx and corolla as in the preceding; but
the lobes of the corolla are deeper, the whole yellowish white,
the segments bordered with an azure blue line ; plicae in the
throat yellow, as in the preceding. Stamens smooth. Anthers
pubescent on the margins of the cells. Stigma bilamellate.
Plant of a tan-colour.
Two-Jloivcred Anoplon. PI. \ foot.
Cult. Plants not cultivatable.
IV. BOSCHNIAKIA (in memory of Boschniak, a
Russian botanist.) Meyer, rass. ex Bongard, in mem. acad. imp.
St. petersb. 2. p. 157. Orobanche species, Chain, et Sehlecht.
LiN. SYST. Didyndiiiia, Angiospermia. Calyx unequally 5-
toothed, bractless. Corolla bilabiate ; tube short ; upper lip
arched, stretched out, bifid ; lower lip short, somewhat 3-lobed.
Stamens exserted ; cells of anthers mutic at the base. Style
tubular at top, sub-bilabiate, terminated by a stigmatose margin.
Capsule 1 -celled, dehiscing laterally, with a solitary, parietal
placentae to each valve. — A plant with the habit Orohdnche,
from which genus it is principally distinguished by the capsule
dehiscing laterally, by the style being tubular at top, and some-
what bilabiate, terminated by a stigmatose margin, and by the
placentas in both valves being solitary and very distant.
1 B. gla'bra (Meyer, mss. ex Bongard, 1. c.) %. H. Native
of Siberia, at the Lena ; Kamtschatka ; Chamisso's Island ;
Island of Sitka, &c. Orobanche Rossica, Cham, et Sehlecht, in
Linnaea, 3. p. 132.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 21G. t. 46. f. 2. Tuber
naked, usually with many scapes rising from it. Spikes dense.
Floral scales, calyxes, and corollas ciliated. Plant reddish.
Anthers glabrous. The scales of the scape are shorter, and
less pergamaceous than those of CanophoUs Americanus.
Glabrous Boschniakia. PL | to 1 foot.
Cidt. Plant uncultivatable.
V. CANO'PHOLIS (from ^ayt^y, kanon, a rule; and
<po\iQ, pholis, a scale ; the scales are imbricated in 4 rows.)
Wallr. diask. p. 78. Orobanche species, Lin.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx ventricose,
.^-parted, unequal, bibracteate. Corolla incurved, bilabiate :
upper lip entire : lower lip 2-parted, erect. Stamens exserted.
Stigma capitate. Capsule 1-celled. — :A parasitical plant, with
the habit of Orohdnche. Scapes simple. Corollas nearly
white.
1 C. America'nus (Wallr. 1. c.) %. H. Native from Caro-
lina to Pennsylvania, often growing in vast clusters at the r-oots
of trees, in moist shady forests. Orobanche Americana, Lin.
syst. 573. mant. p. 88. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 431.
Plant of a brownish yellow colour, glabrous. Scapes simple.
Scales oval-lanceolate, imbricate. Spike dense, imbricate, gla-
brous ; bracleas equal in length to the tube of the corolla.
American Canopholis. PI. ^ to f foot.
Cult. An uncultivatable plant.
VI. EPIPHE'GUS (from iwi, cpi, upon; and <j>riyog, phegos,
beech ; the plant is parasitic.il on the roots of beech.) Nutt.
gen. amer. 2. p. 60. under Epifagus. Orobanche species of
Lin.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Flowers polyga-
mous. Calyx short, 5-toothed. Corolla of the infertile flower
ringent, compressed, 4-cleft : lower lip flat ; fertile flower
minute, 4-toothed, deciduous. Capsule truncate, oblique, im-
perfectly 2-valved, opening only on one side. — A rather fleshy,
herbaceous plant, parasitical only on the roots of beech. Stem
virgately branched ; branches simple, every where distantly
floriferous. Scales small, and remote, commencing from the
extremity of the root ; upper parts of the branches producing
perfect flowers, but abortive fruit ; lower imperfectly formed
flowers fructiferous. Capsule coriaceous and small, the cha-
racter of Tl/c/nwi^jj/Vz/w, but truncated, and at length extending
by moisture in the form of a cup.
1 E. America'nus (Nutt. 1. c.) %. H. Native of every
part of North America, equally indigenous. Orobanche Virgi-
niana, Lin. spec. 882. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 502. sect. 12. t. 16. f.
9. ? Root tuberous, fleshy, scaly. Upper lip of corolla emar-
ginate : lower one 3-toothed, white, with dark, but bright
purple stripes ; plicae in the throat wanting. Stamens partly
exserted, smooth. Anthers pubescent.
American Beech Drops. Pi. 1 to 1^ foot.
Cult. Plant not cultivatable.
VII. LATHRvE^A (from Xadpawc, lathraios, clandestine, which
is from XaOpa, lathra, clam.) Lin. gen. no. 743. Schreb. gen.
no. 1000. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 242. t. 52. Lam. ill. t. 551. f.
1. Juss. gen. 102, ed. Usteri, p. 114. Clandestina, Tourn.
inst. 952. Squammaria, Scop.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
4-cleft. Corolla tubular, bilabiate : upper lip concave, galeate :
lower one trifid, reflexed. Stamens 4, didynamous, hidden by
the upper lip. Anthers connected. Ovarium glandular at the
base. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule covered by the calyx, acu-
minated, 1-celled, elastically 2-valved ; placentas parietal, 2 to
each valve. Seeds few, globose. — Succulent, leafless, scaly
herbs, parasitical on the roots of trees. Flowers solitary, or
spicate, and unilateral.
1 L. clandesti'na (Lin. spec. 843.) stem branched almost
under the earth; flowers erect, solitary. %. H. Native of
Europe, in shady places, parasitical on the roots of trees, as of
France, Pyrenees, and Italy. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 491. Lam. ill.
551. f. 1. Clandestina rectiflora. Lam. Clandestina flore sub-
caeruleo, Tourn. inst. 962. Orobanche montana, Rudb. elys. 2.
p. 23S. f. 14. Dentaria aphyllos, Ray, hist. 1230.— Mor. hist.
3. p. 503. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 15. The stem bears a corymb
under ground, so that solitary flowers only appear above ground
on each branch. Flowers large, blue. This is probably a very
distinct genus from the following.
Clandestine Toothwort. PI. parasitical.
2 L. squamma'ria (Lin. spec. 844.) stem quite simple ; flow-
ers spicate, unilateral, disposed in 2 rows ; corollas pendulous.
%. H. Native of most parts of Europe, in woods, parasitical
on the roots of trees, as elms, hazels, beech, generally almost
covered by the fallen leaves ; plentiful in some parts of Britain ;
it has also been discovered on the Himalaya by Royle. Gsertn.
fruct. 1. p. 242. t. 52. Smith, engl. hot. t. 50. Fl. dan. 136.
Clandesthia penduliflora. Lam.— Blackw. t. 4S0. Squammaria
Orobanche, Scop. earn. no. 760. — Riv. men. irr. t. 89. f. 2.
Amblatum, Dod. pempt. 553. f. 1. Root articulated, branched,
and surrounded by white scales. Stem naked, except perhaps
furnished with one or two oval scales. Bracteas or floral scales
OROBANCHE.E. VIII. Hyobanche. IX. Alectra. X. .Eginetia. XI. Amblatuji. XII. Obolaria. XIII. Tozzia. G35
loundisli-oval, large, reddish on one side of each pedicel. Calyx
hairj', whitish ; segments equal, bluntish. Corolla pale purple,
or flesh-coloured : lower lip white : upper one sliort, and rather
truncate. The English name Toothwort is derived from the
resemblance of the scaly roots to the human fore-teeth, and
hence it was fancied formerly to be good for the tooth-ache.
6'ca/^-rooted Toothwort. Fl. April. Britain, PI. 5 to 1
foot.
Cult. Uncultivatable plants.
VIII. HYOBA'NCHE (from vq hoc, hys hyos, a pig ; and
ay)(y), ancho, to strangle ; the plant is said to be hurtful to
pigs.) Lin. gen. ed. Schreb. no. 1046. Juss. gen. p. 101. ed.
Usteri, p. 112.
Lin. svst. Didynam'ia, Angiospermia. Calyx 7-parted ; seg-
ments linear. Corolla tubular : lower lip wanting : superior
one arched, emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted at
the bottom of the corolla ; anthers ovate, nutant. Stigma emar-
ginate. Capsule 2-celled, ? many-seeded. — A parasitical herb,
with the habit of Orobdnche. Scapes simple, thick, scaly. Spike
fleshy, dense, thick ; floral scales imbricate, villous.
1 H. sangui'nea (Lin. syst. 574. raant. 253.) 1/ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, parasitical on the roots of shrubs.
— Petiv. gaz. t. 37. f. 4. Spike villous. The whole plant is
blood red. Flowers purple. Plant of a blood red colour.
Bloody Hyobanche. PI. h foot.
Cult. An uncultivatable plant.
IX. ALECTRA (derivation imknown to us.) Thunb. nov.
gen. p. 81. Schreb. gen. no. 1066. Pers. ench. 2. p. 183.
LiN. SYsT. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx bilabiate : up-
per lip 2-cleft : lower one 3-cleft. Corolla tubular, widened
upwards ; limb 5-parted ; segments broad ovate, obtuse. Sta-
mens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; filaments bearded ; anthers
twin. Stigma a little thicker than the style, striated on both
sides. Capsule ovate, obtuse, twin, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds
solitary in the cells, ovate. — Plant with the habit of Orohdnche,
and grows black on drying.
1 A. Cape'nsis (Tiumb. nov. gen. p. 82.) Q. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, in grassy places near rivers. Stem
or scape simple. Scales ovate, obtuse, villous, erect, becoming
gradually larger as they ascend the stem. Spike terminal, leafy,
or scaly, flowering by degrees. Corollas yellow, streaked with
purple.
Cape Alectra. Fl. N&v. Dec. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
Cult. An uncultivatable plant.
X. ^GINE'TIA (named in memory of Paul iEginette, a
physician, who flourished in the seventh century.) Roxb. fl. ind.
3. p. 30. cor. 1. p. 63. t. 91. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 13. t.
319. Orobanche species, Lin.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx spath-formed,
ojie-leaved. Corolla campanulate, 5-parted, nearly equal; tube
erect at bottom, but pitcher-formed above, and bent. Stamens
4, didynamous ; anthers twin, united by pairs. Stigma capi-
tate. Capsule 1 -celled, ovate large, containing various convolute,
parietal placentas, and numerous very small seeds. — Small, rush-
like, naked, annual plants, with smooth, naked, intricately inter-
woven, fleshy roots. Scapes with a few scales, except at the
base, which is involved in a small sheath.
1 jE. I'ndica (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 63. t. 91.) scape elongated,
nearly simple, naked, 1-flowered; limb of corolla shortly 4-cleft.
11 . S. Native of Nipaul, Silhet, Circars, Taong Dong, Tavoy,
Wall. Deyra Dhoun, Kidarkonta, Kheree Pass, Royle. Oro-
banche yEginetia, Lin. spec. p. 883. — Rheed. mal. 11. p. 97. t.
47. Corolla curved, purple. Calyx yellowish.
Indian jEginetia. PI.
2 Al. abbreviaVa (Hamilt. mss. ex Benth. scroph. ind. p.
55.) stem very short, branched, scaly ; corolla large ; limb bila-
biate : lower lip amply 3-lobed. % . G. Native of the Indian
Peninsula, Silhet, Rangoon, Prome. Wall. cat. no. 3965.
.S7(0)7-stemmed jEginetia. PI.
Cult. Uncultivatable plants.
XI. AMBLA'TUM (meaning unknown to us.) Tourn. cor.
48. Lathras'a species, Lin. Orobanche species.
LiN. sYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
4-cleft. Corolla tubular, bilabiate, both lips entire : upper one
galeate. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers connected. Stigma
truncate. Ovarium glandular at the base. Capsule 1 -celled,
2-valved; placentas parietal, 2 in each valve.— An herb with
the habit of Lathrcea, or Orohdnche.
1 A. TouRNEFoRTii ; %. . H. Native of the Levant. Lath-
rffi'a Amblatum, Lin. spec. 844. Ambl^tum orientale flore pin--
purasccnte. Tour. cor. p. 48.
Tourneforts Amblatum. PI. I to 1 foot. ?
Cult. An uncultivatable plant.
Tribe II.
OBOLARIE'jE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Obo-
Idria in being terrestrial, not parasitical.) D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. vol. ST. p. 113. July, 1835.
XII. OBOLA'RIA (from obolus, a small coin ; in allusion to
the bracteas being round, like a piece of money.) Lin. gen. no.
778. Schreb. gen. no. 1044. Juss. gen. 101. ed. Usteri. p.
113. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 103.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia, or Tetrdndria, Mono-
gynia. Calyx none, or in the form of two bracteas. Corolla
campanulate, 4-cleft ; segments entire (the margins sometimes
crenulately torn). Stamens 4, equal, or nearly so, proceeding
from the clefts of the corolla. Stigma emarginate. Capsule
ovate, 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds minute. — Avery
small vernal plant, with a simple stem, and opposite leaves.
Flowers terminal, sessile, and marcescent, collected by pairs, or
by threes, towards the summit of the stem. Stigma minutely
bifid.
1 O. virgi'nica (Lin. spec. 881. Nutt. gen. 1. p. 103.)
■y.? H. Native of Pennsylvania, in the neighbourhood of
Philadelphia rare ; and near West Chester ; abundant in the
shady forests of Lake Erie. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 504. sect. 12. t.
16. f. 33. — Pluk. aim. 209. f. 6. Plant about 3-4 inches high,
with a small, branching root. Leaves thick, green, almost fleshy,
frequently purplish on the under side. Flowers bluish-white,
or pale red, supported by foliaceous bracteas.
Virginian Obolaria. PI. 3-4 inches.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Pedicularis, p. 626.
XIII. TO'ZZIA (so named by Micheli, in honour of Bruno
Tozzi, Abbot of Vallambrosa, F.R.S., Micheli's companion in
his botanical excursions, in one of which he found this plant.)
Micheli, gen. p. 20. t. 16. Lin. gen. no. 745. Schreb. gen.
no. 1002. Juss. gen. 97. ed. Usteri, p. 109. Lam. ill. t. 522.
Lin. SYST. DidynHmia, Angiospermia. Calyx campanulate,
sub-bilabiate, 4-toothed, 5-toothed. ? Corolla tubular ; limb
bilabiate, nearly equal : upper lip 2-lobed : lower one 3-lobed.
.Stamens 4, didynamous ; cells of anthers awned at the base.
Stigma capitate. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded ; ovula
fixed their whole length, free at bottom. Capsule spherical,
2-valved, 1-seeded by abortion. — An erect herb, having the
stem scaly at the base, as in Orohdnche. Leaves opposite.
Flowers solitary, axillary, pedicellate.
4 M 2
636
OROBANCHE^. XIII. Tozzia. CHELONE^. I. Pentstemon.
FIG. 63.
1 T. alpi'na (Lin. spec. 844.)
stem weak ; flowers axillary,
disposed into an interrupted,
leafy spike. 1/. H. Native of
the Alps of Jura, and the Py-
renees, Switzerland, Austria,
Italy, in rough, moist places.
D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 487. Lam. ill.
t. 522. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 165.
— Mentz. pug. t. 9. f. 3, 4. —
Mor. hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 16. —
Col. ecphr. 2. p. 49. t. 50. Root
formed of many scales (fig. 63.
b.) Stem tetragonal, branched.
The whole habit succulent and
tender. Leaves roundish, bluntly
notched, pale. Corollas yellow ;
the 3 lower segments spotted
of a deeper yellow (fig. 63.)
Alpine Tozzia. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pedicula
p. 626.
Order CLXXII. CHELO'NEiE (this order contains plants
agreeing with Chelone in the characters given below.) D. Don,
in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 19. no. 37. July, 1835. Genera of
Scrophularineae of authors.
Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla tubular, hypogynous,
irregular, deciduous ; limb 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous,
fertile, with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers 2-celled, mutic ;
cells confluent at apex. Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds erect, angular, or compressed, with membra-
nous edges. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect, foliaceous. — Herbs
or under shrubs natives of North America. Leaves opposite.
Inflorescence panicled, or spicate. This order approaches Big-
noniacece and PedaUnece, but is readily distinguished from both
in its many-parted calyx, undivided stigma, and erect, albuminose
seeds. All the plants contained in this order are extremely
showy. — This group is well entitled to be retained apart from
Scrophidarinece, on account of the greater degree of develope-
ment of the einbryo, its compressed, winged seeds, and of the
presence of a rudimentary stamen, all of which characters bring
it near to PedaUnece and Bignoniacece, from which it is distin-
guished by its albuminous seeds.
Synojisis of the genera.
1 Pentste'mon. Seed angular.
2 Chelone. Seed surrounded by a membranous margin.
I. PENTSTRMON (from ■n-evre, pente, five; and arufioiy,
slemon, a stamen ; in reference to the 4 fertile stamens, and the
one sterile.) Micheli, gen. 14. and in act. nat. cur. S. append.
214. Schreb. gen. no. 1758. p. 808. Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 511.
Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 51. Chelone, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperviia. Calyx 5-pavted, with
a distant, solitary bractea. Corolla ventricose, bilabiate. Sta-
mens didynamous, with the rudiment of the fifth, which is usually
filiform and bearded on the upper side ; anthers separate, usually
glabrous. Capsule ovate, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
Seeds angular. — Herbs or under shrubs, natives of North Ame-
rica. Leaves opposite, smooth, acuminated, entire, or serrated.
Flowers paniculately racemose, purple, blue, rose-coloured,
white, or pale yellow, rarely scarlet. The corolla is usually
bilabiate, oblong, and tubular : the upper lip shorter, 2-lobed,
and coarctate ; the orifice generally pubescent ; in several
species the corolla appears campanulate, and with the border
almost equally 5-lobed ; in these the sterile filament is less con-
spicuous. The anthers in some species are woolly or hairy.
Sect. I. Ve*b;e (this section contains the true species of the
genus.) Anthers glabrous.
§1. Campanula't*;. Corolla sub-campanulate : limb almost
equally 5-lobed.
1 P. cRisTA^TUM (Fras. cat. 1813. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p.
52.) pubescent ; radical leaves lanceolate, denticulated : cauline
ones sessile, linear-oblong, sub-lanceolate ; peduncles axillary
and terminal, 1-3-flowered, very short ; calyx rather hairy :
segments linear lanceolate, acuminated ; sterile filament sub-
exserted, very conspicuously and crestedly bearded, as well as
the orifice of the lower lip. 1].. H. Native of America, on
arid, naked, argillaceous hills, from the confluence of the Teeton
river and the Missouri to the mountains. P. erianthera, Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 737. Chelone cristata, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
813. Corolla large and violaceous, ventricose ; border 5-lobed,
spreading.
Crested Pentstemon. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. J to
1 foot.
2 P. cffiRu'LEUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 52.) plant smooth,
and glaucous ; radical leaves sub-linear : cauline ones sub-lance-
olate-linear, all entire and sessile, minutely pubescent on the
margin ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute ; peduncles
many-flowered; sterile filament short and bearded above. 1/.
H. Native on the plains of the Missouri, near Fort Mandan,
and the Indian towns. P. angustifolium, Fraser, cat. 1813.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 738. Chelone cserulea, Spreng.
Corollas sub-campanulate, azure blue.
B/«c-flowered Pentstemon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1811. PI.
U foot.
3 P. a'lbidum (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. SS.) dwarf; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, sub-serrulated, smooth, and sessile ; flowers
partly fascicled, axillary, and terminal ; sterile filament slender,
and interruptedly bearded ; corolla internally sniooth and partly
tubular, with an almost equally 5-cleft, spreading limb ; calyx
downy, with linear-lanceolate segments. %. H. Native on
the plains of the Missouri, common from the confluence of the
river Platte to the mountains. P. teretiflora, Fraser, cat. 1813.
Stems rather angular. Leaves approximate. Flowers usually
white.
Wlntish-^aviexeA Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1823.
PI. ^ to I foot.
4 P. GRANDIFLORUM (Fras. Cat. 1813. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p.
52.) smooth and glaucous ; leaves entire : radical ones sub-
oval : cauline stem-clasping, roundish-oval, with an abrupt
])oint ; flowers large, mostly solitary and axillary ; corolla cam-
panulate, with a 5-lobed, spreading limb ; sterile filament partly
pubescent at the summit. %. H. Native of America, on the
'plains of the Missouri ; common from the confluence of the
river Platte to the mountains ; also near the prairie du chien
Mississippi. P. Bradburii, Pursh, 2. p. 738. Chelone Brad-
biirii, Spreng. A beautiful species. Flowers variously tinged,
as large as those of Digitalis purpurea, which they not unaptly
resemble.
Grcat-JiorveredVcnXstemox). Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1811. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
5 P. spECiosuM (Dougl. in bot. reg. t. 1270.) glaucous, gla-
CHELONE/E. I. Pentstemok.
C37
brous ; leaves quite entire : radical ones spatulate : cauline ones
lanceolate, sub-undiilated, sessile ; Howers vcrticiilately pani-
cled ; lobes of corolla nearly equal ; sterile filament quite
glabrous, i;. H. Native of North-West America, on the
banks of the Spokan river. Douglas, D. Don, in Sweet, fl.
gard. n. s. t. 259. Calycine segments equal, sub-imbricate.
Flowers very showy, in axillary, many-flowered cymes, tlie
whole forming a ])yramidal panicle. Corolla sky blue, varying
to red, about an inch long.
Showy Pentslemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
() P. acuminaVum (Dougl. in bot. reg. t. 1285.) ascending,
glabrous, and very glaucous ; radical leaves ovate oblong, on
long petioles, quite entire, rather coriaceous : cauline leaves and
bracteas cordate, acuminated, sessile, stem-clasping ; fascicles of
flowers on short peduncles ; calycine segments acuminated, quite
glabrous ; corolla with a funnel-shaped tube, and an inflated
throat ; segments of the limb broad, retuse. 2/ . II. Native
of North-West America, in barren, sandy plains on the Colum-
bia river. Corollas purple, bordered with lively blue, rivalling
those of P. specihsum. Radical leaves tufted. Sterile filament
shorter than the tube of the corolla, pilose, and hooked at top.
Acuminated-\ea,\ef}i Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827.
PI. 1 to U foot.
7 P. pu'milum (Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. vol. 7. p.
4G.) puberulous, rather tufted ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute,
entire ; stems very short, few-flowered ; flowers rather large,
glabrous ; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated ; sterile
filament bearded at top. 1/. H. Native near the sources of
the Columbia river, on the borders of the little Goddin river.
Root large. Stem not more than 3-4 inches high. Flowers
large.
Dwarf Pentstemon. PI. 5 to g foot.
8 P. Cobje'a (Nutt. journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 182.)
clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves sharply serrulated,
shining: radical ones lanceolate, petiolate : cauline ones ovate :
ultimate ones half stem-clasping ; throat of corolla inflated,
naked; calycine segments ovate ; sterile filament bearded. 1^.
H. Native of North America, in the sterile and denudated
portions of the prairies of Red River, in calcareous soil ; and of
the interior of Texas. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 348.
Hook. bot. mag. t. 3465. Peduncles 3-5-flowered, the whole
forming a terminal panicle. Leaves broadish, and tliick. Calyx
clothed with viscid down. Corolla large, pale purple, marked
more or less with red streaks.
Coitea-flowered Pentstemon. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1835.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
9 P. DIGITALIS (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. vol. 5. p.
'181.) quite glabrous ; cauline leaves lanceolate, acuminated, re-
pandly denticulated ; calyx clammy, with acuminated reflexed
segments ; corolla large, subcampanulate; sterile filament beard-
ed at top. !{.. H. Native of the Arkansas, in wet woods and
prairies common, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 120. Said to be allied to
P. campanulatum. Leaves broad. Panicle naked. Ultimate
branches and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Corolla pure
white, and downy ; the tube exserted ; orifice inflated, subcam-
panulate, and terete; the upper lip a little shorter than the
lower, and coarctate : the lower one 3-lobed and dilated.
Foxglove-Rowered Pentstemon. Fl, June, Sept. Clt. 1824.
PI. li to 2 feet.
§ 2. Flowers appearing as if they mere verticillate. Corolla
bilabiate.
10 P. TUBiFLORUM (Nutt. in ainer. phil. trans, n. s. vol. 5. p.
181.) leaves ovate, connate, denticulated, glabrous ; stem tall,
nearly naked ; calyx and corolla clothed with clammy down ;
calycine segments ovate ; corolla tube-formed : limb villous
inside; sterile filament bearded. If.H. Native of the Arkansas,
in wettish prairies from Fort Smith to Red river. Radical
leaves elliptic-oblong, entire, and smooth : cauline ones sinuatecl
towards the base of the stem : lower ones oblong-ovate. 'I'lie
cauline leaves are so small and remote as to give the stem the
ap)iearance of being naked. Corollas pure white ; the whole
orifice and tube villous. This is a very beautiful species, with
the flowers rather small and crowded, as if it were in verticillate
clusters.
I'ube-Jlowered Pentstemon. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
11 P. ova'tum (Dougl. in. bot. inag. 2903.) flowers, stems,
and peduncles, clothed with glandular hairs ; leaves ovate-cor-
date, stem-clasping, glabrous, coarsely toothed : lower ones on
long petioles ; peduncles axillary, subcorymbose : upper ones
short, and appearing as if they were verticillate; corolla tubu-
lar ; sterile filament bearded at top, and unidentate at the base.
If.. H. Native of North-west America, among limestone rocks
on the high mountains about the grand rapids of the Columbia.
D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 211. Stem tetragonal up-
wards. Radical leaves on long jietiolcs. Calyx glandular.
Corollas of a brilliant purple blue, glandular externally.
Ora^c-leaved Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826. PI.
4 feet.
12 P. PRocERUM (Uougl. mss. Graham, in edinb. phil. jomn.
July, 1829. Hook. bot. mag. 2954.) stem erect, nearly si in pie ;
leaves lanceolate, quite entire : lower ones petiolate : superior
ones sessile, subconnate ; flowers verticillately spicate ; whorles
distant ; segments membranaceously jagged ; sterile filament
toothless, bearded on the upper side at the top. 1/. H. Na-
tive of North-west America, and the Rocky Mountains.
Douglas, Drummond, and Dr. Richardson. Plant glabrous.
Flowers in crowded, opposite racemes, from the upper and
smaller leaves, and standing so close to the stem that they
seem verticillate. Corolla small, of a rich veined purple, gla-
brous.
/"a// Pentstemon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 P. confe'rtum (Dougl. in. bot. reg. 1260.) leaves quite
entire, glabrous : radical ones spatulate, acuminated, on long
petioles : superior one sessile, ovate, acuminated ; peduncles
axillary, short, bearing each a cyme of crowded flowers, which
appear verticillate ; upper floral leaves reduced to jagged or
serrated bracteas ; calycine segments acute, mucronatc, jagged
or serrated ; corolla a little longer than the calyx ; sterile fila-
ment bearded. %. H. Native of North-west America, in
open places of mountainous pine forests, in dry sandy soils be-
tween the Salmon river and the Kettle falls on the Columbia
river ; also in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Stem ascend-
ing. Cauline leaves and bracteas under the peduncles, some-
what stem-clasping. Corolla tubular, subventricose, pale cream-
coloured, glabrous.
C'rowded-(\owered Pentsteinon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
14 P. micra'nthum (Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. vol.
7. p. 45.) sitiooth ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, half stem-
clasping, quite entire ; flowers small, glomerate ; interruptedly
and spicately panicled ; corolla rather tubular, bearded inside ;
sterile filament minute, hardly bearded; calycine segments lan-
ceolate, acute. 1/ . H. Native of North America, among the
Rocky Mountains, in the valleys near the sources of the Colum-
bia. Stems slender. Flowers purple, very small, collected
into about 3-4 clusters. Corolla tubular, a little curved, with
an almost regular, 5-lobed border.
Small-flowered Pentstemon. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
15 P. pRuiNosuM (Dougl. in bot. reg. t."l280.) leaves grey:
radical ones petiolate, entire, or toothed : caidine leaves tooth-
0^8
CHELONE^. I. Pentstemon.
eel, sessile; superior bracteas entire; flowers vertieillate ; ca-
lyxes and bracteas villous ; corolla glabrous, twice as long as
the calyx ; segments of the limb roundish, entire. 1/ . H.
Native of Nonh-uest America, near the Priest's Rapid, on the
Columbia river. Plant pruinose. Radical leaves tufted, downy.
Peduncles many-flowered, short. Corollas blue, rivalling in
brilliancy those of P. speciosum.
Pn«no.(e Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. i to
IJ foot.
I 3. Corolla hilah'tale. Upper lip of corolla compressed ; the
lower j^laited.
16 P. GLAu'cuM (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. 1829. p. 348.
Lindl. bot. reg. 1286.) stem smoothish ; leaves all glabrous:
radical ones lanceolate, petiolate, quite entire, or denticulated :
cauline leaves and bracteas ovate-lanceolate, sessile, stem-clasp-
ing ; panicle thyrsoid ; corollas inflated, and are, as well as the
calyxes, clothed with glandular down outside; sterile filament
stretched out, bearded. If. . H. Native of Arctic America.
P. gracile. Hook. bot. mag. 2945, description, tnu not the
figure. Corollas bluish-purple, with a pale or whitish throat.
Glaucous Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
17 P. attenua'tum (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1295.) stem erect,
pilose at top ; radical leaves elliptic, acute, petiolate : superior
ones ovate-oblong, stem-clasping, sessile, all quite glabrous and
quite entire ; panicle strict, and are, as well as the calyxes and
corollas, downy ; capsule glabrous ; sterile filament bearded.
%. H. Native of North-West America, on the mountains of
Lewis and Clark's river. Leaves dark green : radical ones
sometimes cuneated and cuspidate. Corollas cream-coloured.
Altentialcd-haved Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827.
PI. 1 ^ to 2 feet.
18 P. DEu'sTUM (Dougl. in. bot. reg. 1318.) stem almost
simple, ascending, glabrous ; leaves deeply toothed : radical ones
ovate-oblong : those near them spatulate ; cauline leaves ob-
long, acute, sessile : upper ones almost quite entire ; calyxes
glabrous ; limb of corolla flat, with retuse segments : upper
ones the smallest. %. H. Native of North-west America, on
scorched rocky plains in the interior. Peduncles axillary, many-
flowered, the whole forming a panicle. Radical leaves on long
petioles : upper cauline leaves half stem-clasping, all coarsely
and unequally toothed. Corollas cream-coloured. Calyxes and
corollas glabrous.
Burned Pentstemon, Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. 1
foot.
19 P. DiFFu'suM (Dougl. in bot. reg. t. 1132.) stem branch-
ed ; leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous, unequally serrated ; pedun-
cles axillary, many-flowered, the whole forming a terminal pani-
cle ; calyx turbinate, with jagged segments ; sterile filament
length of tube, bearded. '5/. H. Native of North-west Ame-
rica, in the district around the mouth of the Columbia river.
Root creeping. Stems decumbent, radicant, branched, purple.
Leaves evergreen. Inflorescence downy. Corolla purple, an
inch long ; upper lip retuse.
Diffuse Pentstemon. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1827. PI. U to
2 feet.
20 P. STATiciFOLiuM (Lindl. bot. reg. 1779.) stems ascend-
ing, pubescent ; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to
the base, entire, glabrous ; cauline leaves sessile, cordate-ovate,
toothed, pubescent ; cymes nearly sessile, tomentose ; corolla
ventricose, pubescent. l/.H. Native of California. Radical
leaves 7 inches long. Corolla violet, an inch long. The cymes
being sessile, the flowers appear somewhat vertieillate.
Statice-leaved Fentsiemon. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1834. PI.
2 feet.
21 P. coRDHOLiuM (Benth. in scroph. ind. p. 7.) stem pru-
1
Inose ; leaves on short petioles, broad, ovate, obtuse, quite en-
tire, cordate at the base, buUate, nerved beneath ; panicle loose ;
corollas tubular, deeply bilabiate ; upper lip emarginate : lower
one trifid ; sterile filament bearded. %. H. Native of Cali-
fornia, Douglas.
Heart-leaved Pentstemon. PI. ?
22 P. triphy'llum (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1245.) humble ;
leaves 3-4 in a whorl, glabrous, bluntly cut: lower ones oblong:
floral ones entire, linear-lanceolate, usually alternate ; peduncles
2-3-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with cob-
webbed down ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse : those of
the lower lip equal ; sterile filament bearded. l/.H. Native
of North-west America, on the blue mountains, in the district
watered by the river Columbia ; and of Northern California.
Stem branched. Flowers sparingly panicled. Calycine seg-
ments ovate, acute. Corolla ventricose at the base, pale red.
T/irce-leavcd Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI.
1 to U foot.
23 P. gea'cile (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 52.) stem smooth and
slender; leaves smooth, linear, acute, half stem-clasping, sharply
serrulated; panicle simple, few-flowered ; sterile filament beard-
ed longitudinally ; corolla smooth inside ; segtnents of the calyx
linear-oblong. 1^. H. Native of North America, from the
Arikarees to Fort Mandan, in depressed soils. Hook, bot. mag.
2945. figure, but not the description. Corolla small, tubular,
blue, ex bot. mag. ; pale purple, ex Nutt. Radical leaves lan-
ceolate-ovate, entire : cauline ones pungently serrulated.
Slender Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. 1
foot.
24 P. pube'scens (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 360. Sims, bot.
mag. 1424.) stem pubescent; leaves repandly serrulated, lan-
ceolate-oblong, sessile, stem-clasping ; flowers in panicles ; the
sterile filament bearded from the summit below the middle.
%. H. Native of North America, in the Southern States, as
in Carolina and Georgia. Chelone Pentstemon, Lin. spec. 850.
Asarina erecla. Mill. diet. no. 2. fig. t. 252. — Mor. hist. 3. p.
417. sect. 11. t. 21. f. 2. Corollas pale purple.
Domny Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1758. PI. 2
feet.
25 P. hirsu'tum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 227.) stem and leaves
hairy ; leaves acuminated, repandly serrulated ; sterile fila-
ment long, very villous at top ; orifice of the lower lip of
corolla pubescent. 2/ . H. Native of Virginia. P. pubescens,
/3, angustifolia, Martyn and Mill. no. 2. Chelone hirsuta, Lin.
spec. 849. Mill. diet. no. 3. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 417. sect. 11.
t. 21. f. 3 — Gron. virg. 71-93. 2, 3. Flowers pale purple.
Perhaps only a variety of P. jmhescetts.
Hairy Pentstemon. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 foot.
26 P. LiEviGA'iUM (Ait. hort, kew. 2. p. 361. Sims, botT
mag. 1425.) glabrous ; lower leaves quite entire, petiolate : the
rest repandly serrulated, sessile, or half stem-clasping, lanceo-
late ; sterile filament bearded at top ; orifice of the lower lip of
corolla pubescent. %. H. Native of North America. Che-
lone Penstemon, J. F. Mill. icon. 4. Arduin, spec. 1. p. 14.
t. 5 ^Mor. hist. 2. p. 479. sect. 5. t. 8. f. 6. Flowers
panicled. Corollas purple.
Smooth Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1776. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
§ 4. Mexica'n;e. Sometimes herbs, but usually under-
shrubs. Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrated. Stamens ex-
serted. Superior filaments flat at the base, probably in all.
Corollas tubular : lower lip usually bearded. Peduncles few-
flowered, disposed in a terminal panicle.
27 P. pulche'llum (Lindl. bot. reg. 1138.) stems herbace-
ous, pubescent ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, gla-
CHELONEii:. I. Pentstemon.
G39
bi'ous ; peduncles l-2-flo\vered, longer than the braeteas, the
whole forming a secund raceme ; calyx downy, with lanceolate
segments ; corolla ventricose, rather pilose, glandlcss ; palate
villous ; sterile filament bearded ; stamens length of tube of
corolla. Ti . F. Native of Mexico, between Toluca and Tian-
quillo, at the altitude of 1500 hexapods ; and of Cuba, near the
Havana. P. elcgans, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 243.
Chelone elegans, H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 36 K Superior
leaves half stem-clasping. Corollas lilac, dow ny ; palate spotted.
This species differs from P. campanulatum, in the corolla being
paler, and destitute of glands.
Prctli/ Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. U
foot.
28 P. RosF.uM (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 243.) herba-
ceous ; leaves sessile, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, sharply serru-
lated, acuminated ; superior leaves broader ; peduncles gene-
rally 3-flowered ; superior filaments flat at the base ; corollas
ratlier hairy ; lower lip of corolla bearded ; sterile filament
bearded at top. 7{ . F. Native of Mexico. P. angustifo-
lium, Lindl. hot. reg. 1122. but not of Kunth. Chelone rosea,
Cerv. mss. Sweet, fl. gard. 230. Inflorescence rather glandu-
lar. Panicle thick, many-flowered. Corolla tubular, some-
what ventricose, of a bright rose-colour, glandular, like the top
of the plant.
Rosy-Rowered Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI.
U foot.
29 P. Ku'nthii (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 243.) stem
and leaves quite glabrous ; leaves linear, sharply serrulated,
spreadingly recurved ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, hairy, disposed
in a simple hairy panicle ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate,
hairy ; corolla downy ; lower lip densely bearded at the base ;
sterile filament bearded at apex. %. F. Native of Mexico,
near Moran and Omitla, at the altitude of 1320 hexapods. Che-
lone angustifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 365.
Leaves sessile, somewhat stem-clasping. Corolla purple. Sta-
mens hardly exserted.
A'wn^/i'i Pentstemon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 to 4
feet.
30 P. CAMPANULATUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 228.) stem and
leaves glabrous, linear-lanceolate, sharply serrated ; peduncles
secund, disposed in a terminal panicle ; calycine segments lan-
ceolate ; corollas bearded ; sterile filament bearded at top. If .
H. Native of Mexico, near Santa Rosa de La Sierra, and Los
Joares, at the altitude of 1300 hexapods. Jacq. schoenbr. 3. t.
362. Sims, bot. mag. 1878. Chelone campanulata, Cav. icon.
1 . p. 18. t. 29. Chelone campanuloides, Andr. bot. rep. t. 40.
Stem downy at top. Leaves glabrous. Calyx downy. Throat
of corolla bearded. Corollas pale purple.
Campa7uiIale-Ro\\eTed Pentstemon. Fl. March, Oct. Clt.
1794. PI. U to 2 feet.
31 P. ATRoruRPu'REUM (G. Dou, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 243.)
shrubby ; stem rather flexuous, shining, beset with glandular
pili at top ; leaves sessile, sharply serrulated, glabrous : lower
ones lanceolate, attenuated at both ends : superior ones ovate,
acuminated, stem-clasping ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flow-
ered ; calyxes and corollas clothed with glandular pubescence ;
corolla bearded ; sterile filaments bearded at top. IJ. . H. Na-
tive of Mexico. Chelone atropurpirrea. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 235.
Flowers dark purple, the whole forming a panicle.
Dark-piirple-Ronered Pentstemon. Fl. Julv, Sept. Clt.
1825. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
32 P. GENTiANofDEs ; Stem downy at top ; leaves lanceolate,
quite entire, glabrous; panicle composed of 1-2-3-flowered pe-
duncles ; calycine segments ovate ; corollas beardless ; sterile
filament glabrous, i;. H. Native of Mexico, on Mount To-
luco, at the altitude of 1750 hexapods. Chelone gentianoides.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 363. t. 172. Stem and
branches downy. Leaves 4 inches long, and 6-8 lines broad.
Corolla violaceous, downy outside ; tube short ; throat large ;
limb bilabiate ; superior lip 2-lobed : lower one trifid, beardless.
Anthers glabrous. Stamens inclosed.
Gentian-like Pentstemon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
Sect. IL Erianthe'ra (from ipioy, erion, wool ; and aiOi/pa,
anthera, an anther ; the anthers are ciliated or downy, not gla-
brous, as in the last section.
33 P. heterophy'llum (Lindl. bot. reg. 1899.) leaves glau-
cescent, quite entire : lower ones linear-lanceolate : superior
ones linear ; raceme twiggy ; sepals ovate, acuminated ; corolla
ventricose, beardless ; sterile stamen glabrous ; anthers sagit-
tate, fringed at top. ip. H. Native of California, Douglas.
Leaves hardly ever serrulated. Peduncles 1-2-fiowered, bi-
bracteate above the middle. Corolla bilabiate ; sterile filament
sub-eraarginate.
Variable-leaved Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1S34.
PI. 1 1 to 2 feet.
34 P. gla'brum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 738.) very
smooth ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, entire, having the mar-
gins partly undulated ; peduncles many-flowered, secund ; seg-
ments of calyx roundish-oval, acuminated; corolla subcampanu-
late ; sterile filament slightly bearded under the retuse apex ;
anthers pubescent. %. H. Native of North America, in arid
soils near the confluence of the Shian river, and towards the
sources of the Columbia river. Curt. bot. mag. 1672. P.
erianthera, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 52. but not of Pursh. Flow-
ers numerous, purple.
Glabrous Pentstemon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. li
foot.
35 P. glandulosum (Dougl. in bot. reg. 12G2.) plant cloth-
ed with glandular pubescence ; radical leaves ovate, coarsely
toothed: cauline ones stem-clasping, acute, almost quite entire;
peduncles many-flowered ; calyx loose, with ovate segments ;
corolla ventricose ; anthers ciliated ; sterile filament glabrous.
11 . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Koos-
kooskee river, 6300 feet above the level of the sea. Radical
leaves on long petioles : cauline ones cordate-ovate. Peduncles
forming a racemose panicle. Corolla large, pale rose-coloured,
striped with purple inside. Anthers white. Capsule glabrous,
equal in length to the calyx.
Glandvlar Pentstemon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 2
to 2^ feet.
36 P. VENu'sTUM (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1309.) stein suflruti-
cose, erect, glabrous ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, denticulated, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered, the
whole forming a panicle ; calyx glabrous ; corolla ventricose,
ciliated ; anthers pilose ; sterile filament bearded at top. ^ .
H. Native of North-west America, in dry channels of rivers,
among the mountains. Very nearly allied to P. diffusum ; but
differs in the stem being more erect ; in the leaves being sessile,
longer, straighter ; in the corolla being of a more obscure co-
lour ; in the calyx being glabrous ; and in the anthers being
pilose.
Graceful Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI- 2
feet.
37 P. RicnARDSONii (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1121.) herbaceous ;
leaves sessile, pinnatifid ; peduncles few-flowered ; calyx cloth-
ed with glandular pubescence : with ovate-acute segments ; co-
rolla ventricose; anthers ciliated ; sterile filament bearded with
a few hairs at apex. %. H. Native of North-west America,
on dry rocks in the vicinity of the Columbia. Hook. bot. mag.
640
CHELONE.E. I. Pentstemon. II. Cheione.
3391. Plant a little branched, minutely downy. Calycine seg-
ments oblong-lanceolate. Corolla pnrple, nearly glabrous out-
side. Valves of anthers ciliated towards the apex.
Rkhardsori s Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI.
li foot.
38 P. diuse'ctum (Ell. car. 2. p. 129.) leaves opposite, ses-
sile, compoundly dissected : the segments linear, and generally
blunt; flowers in panicles. If.. H. Native of Georgia, Louis-
ville. Slein slightly pubescent. Corolla purple; segments of
the upper lip larger than those of the lower, and more blunt.
Stamens inclosed ; anthers downy, or liairy. 1
DissectedAeaved Pentstemon. PI. 2 feet.
.■59 P. ScouLEui (Dough in hot. reg. 1277.) suffruticose ;
leaves obovate-lanceolate, ser-
FIG. 64.
rulated : upper ones quite en-
tire ; peduncles 1 -flowered, ra-
cemose ; calyx downy, with
acuminated segments ; corolla
ventricose ; anthers woolly. If.
H. Native of North-west
America, on the Kettle falls
of the Columbia. Branchlets
pilose. Corolla purple, nearly
2 inches long ; palae open. Mr.
Douglas considered this a spe-
cies of CItiibne from the woolly
anthers ; but it has the an-
gular seeds of Pentstemon. (fig.
64.)
Scouler's Pentstemon. Fl.
May, July. Clt. 1827. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
Sect III. GENTiANofDES (from gentiana, gentian ; and idea,
like; habit of species.) Sterile filament glabrous. Anthers
glabrous. Leaves narrow, entire, glaucous : radical ones
crowded. Flowers panicled.
40 P. HuMBOLDTii ; stems simple, downy ; leaves linear, quite
entire, glabrous ; peduncles 2-flowered, disposed in a panicle ;
calycine segments roundish-ovate, acute; corollas beardless;
sterile filament glabrous. I^.H. Native of Mexico, in moun-
tain places between Puerto de Varientos and Santa Rosa, at the
altitude of 1350 hexapods. Cheione imberbis, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 363. Leaves bluntish, 2-3 inches long,
and 1| to 2 lines broad. Calyx downy. Corollas similar to
those of P. barbalum, but smaller and beardless. Stamens ex-
serted. .
Humboldt's Pentstemon. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
41 P.BARBA"TUM(Nutf.gen.amer.2. p. 51.) glaucous, glabrous;
stems branched ; leaves connate, sessile, linear-lanceolate, quite
entire, very long, channelled : radical ones crowded, spatulate ;
peduncles axillary, opposite, 2-flowered : the whole formino- a
panicle ; limb of calyx scarious ; corolla bearded on the
lower lip with yellow hairs, l/ . H. Native of Mexico. Che-
ione barbata, Cav. 3. p. 22. t. 242. Ker. bot. reg. t. 116.
Cheione ruelloides, Andr. bot. reg. t. 34. Corollas showy,
scarlet outside, and white inside, drooping. Sterile filament
glabrous.
Bearded-Qowered Pentstemon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1794.
PI. 4 to 5 feet.
42 P. CENTRANTHiFOLiUM (Beuth. scroph. ind. p. 7.) gla-
brous, glaucous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, cordately
stem-clasping at the base ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered,
disposed in an elongated, terminal panicle ; corolla tubular, pen-
dulous, glabrous ; throat naked ; limb almost equally 5-parted ;
sterile filament beardless. If.. H. Native of Calilbrnia. Co-
rolla scarlet. Cheione centranthifolia, Benth. in hort. trans,
ser. 2d. vol. 1. p. 481. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1737.
C entrantlms-leaved Pentstemon. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1832.
PI. 3 to 7 feet.
Cull. The species oi Pentstemon are amongst the most showy
border flowers we possess in our gardens. They grow best in
light rich soil, and are readily increased by divisions and cut-
tings. They are rather tender, being usually killed by severe
frosts or damp in winter, if allowed to remain in the open air ;
it is therefore safest to keep a few plants of each species in pots,
so that they may be readily sheltered by placing them under a
frame in winter.
n. CHELO'NE (from x'^'^*''/' cheione, a tortoise; the
back of the upper lip of the corolla is compared to a tortoise.)
Dill. gen. p. 11. Lin. gen. no. 748. Schreb. gen. no. 1005.
Juss. gen. 137. ed. Usteri, p. 153. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 256.
t. 54. — Anonymos, Gron. virg. 71, 72. Act. par. 1706. t. 3.
]). 87. Pentstemon species of authors.
Lin. sysT. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, Iri-
bracteate. Corolla ringent, ventricose: upperlipemarginafe: lower
one trifid, sterile. Stamens didynamous, with a sterile filament,
which is shorter than the rest ; anthers woolly. Capsule 2-
celled, 2-valved. Seeds stirrounded by a membranous margin.
— Herbaceous plants, with opposite leaves ; flowers imbrieately
spiked, terminal. Lower lip of corolla internally bearded. Cap-
sule oval.
1 C. gla'bra (Lin. spec. 849.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acu-
minated, serrated, nearly sessile, glabrous. If. H. Native of
the United States. — Trew, ehrh. t. 83. C. glabra, var. alba,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 427. Corollas white.
Var. (i, lanceolata (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 51.) leaves lan-
ceolate, conspicuously acuminated, serrated, sessile, downy be-
neath ; bracteas scarcely dilated ; segments of calyx oblong.
%. H. Probably a distinct species according to Nuttal.
Glabrous Chdone. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1730. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
2 C. OBLfdUA (Lin. syst. 553.) leaves petiolate, oblique,
lanceolate. If. H. Native of North America, in the Southern
States. Ker. bot. reg. 175. A. glabra, /J, Lin. spec. 849.
C. glabra, fi, purpiirea, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 24.
C. purpurea, Mill. diet. no. 2. fig. t. 93. Digitalis mariana,
Ray, suppl. 397. Plenk. mant. t. 348. f. 4. Corollas purple.
Oblique Cheione. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1752. PI. 2 to 4
feet.
3 C. Lyoni (Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 2. p. 737.) glabrous,
branched ; leaves petiolate, cor-
date-ovate, serrated; spikes ter-
minal, with the flowers cluster-
ed. 11 . H. Native of North
Carolina, near Wilmington ; and
of Georgia. C. major, Sims,
bot. mag. 1864. Flowers pur-
ple, (fig. 65.)
Lyon's Cheione. Fl. July,
Sept. Clt. 1812. PI. 3 to 4
feet.
4 C. LATIFOLIA (Muhl, Cat.
ex Ell. car. 2. p. 127.) gla-
brous ; leaves wide-ovate, or
oval, serrated, abruptly acumi-
nated, tapering at the base, pe-
tiolate ; sterile filament bearded
near the summit. If. H. Native of Carolina. Cheione Pent-
stemon, Walt. car. p. 172. Corollas pale purple.
FIG. 65.
CHELONE.E. II. Chelone. SIBTHORPIACE^. I. Sibthorpia. II. Disandra.
6tl
Broad-leaved Chelone. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 C. NEMORosA (Doiigl. in bot. reg. 1211.) branched, gla-
brous; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated : superior ones stem-
clasping, cordate ; peduncles 3-flo\vcrod, downy ; calycine seg-
ments and bractcas subulate, and are, as well as the corolla,
rather downy. %. H. Native of North-west America, in
mountain woods, near springs and rivulets. Corolla ventricose,
of a rosy purple colour; anthers w'ooUy. Habit of a species of
Pcntitcmon.
Grove Chelone. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Chelone are extremely handsome
border flowers ; they grow in any common garden soil, but
prefer peat, and are readily increased by dividing at the root.
Order CLXXIII. SIBTHORPLVCEiE (this order contains
plants agreeing with Sibthorpia in the characters given below.)
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 19. no. 37. July, 1835. — •
Scrophularineac genera of authors.
Calyx 'l-S-parted, permanent. Corolla rotate, 4-8-cleft, re-
gular, deciduous, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 4-8, equal,
alternating w ith the lobes of the corolla ; anthers 2-celled ; cells
parallel. Style one; stigma capitate, undivided. Capsule 2-
celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ; placenta large, spongy, globose.
Seeds erect ; testa membranous ; albumen copious, dense,
fleshy. Embryo terete, erect, inclosed. Radicle long, cylindri-
cal, obtuse, contrary to the umbilicus, centripetal. — Herbs, with
alternate undivided leaves, and axillary, solitary, pedunculate
flowers. This small family is intermediate between Scrophula-
riiiece and Primulacece ; and is distinguished from the first by
the regular symmetrical flowers, and globose placenta ; and
from the last, in the stamens being alternate with the lobes of
the corolla, not opposite them, and in the 2-celled capsule.
Synopsis of the gene>a.
1 Sibthorpia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Stamens 4-5.
2 Disa'ndra. Corolla rotate, 6-8-cleft. Stamens 7.
3 Capra^ria. Corolla campanulate, 5-parted. Stamens 4,
subdidynamous.
4 Xuare'zia. Corolla carapanulatC; 5-parted. Stamens 5,
equal.
5 Leucospora. Corolla tubular, hardly campanulate, 4-
cleft : upper lobe emarginate. Stamens 4, subdidynamous.
Capsule at length I -celled.
(1 Scopa'ria. Corolla rotate, 4-cleft. Stamens 4, equal.
7 RoMANzoviA. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5,
equal.
I. SIBTHO'RPIA (so named after Humphry Sibtliorp,
IM.D., formerly professor of botany at Oxford, successor to
Dillenius. His son. Professor John Sibthorp, who travelled in
Greece, collected all the treasures now in the course of pub-
lication in that splendid work entitled " Flora Graeca," and
author of "Flora Oxoniensis.") Lin. gen. 775. Schreb. gen.
no. 1038. Gaertn. fruct. 55. Juss. gen. 99. ed. Usteri, p. 111.
Lam. ill. t. 535. f 3. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2.
p. 390.
Lin. syst. Telra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted,
Corolla sub-rotate, 5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, nearly equal. Stigma
capitate. Capsule sub-orbicular, compressed, dehiscing at top.
vol.. IV.
— Small, creeping, rooting, tufted herbs, with small, alternate,
reniform leaves, and axillary, solitary, pedicellate, inconspicuous
flowers.
1 S. EuROPiE'A (Lin. spec. p. 880.) plant hairy, creeping ; leaves
on long petioles, reniform, 7-9-lobed ; flowers tetrandrous, some-
what didynamous. 1/ .
H. Native of the South FIG. 66.
of Europe, as of Por-
tugal, Spain, West of
France, &c., in shady
places about springs ; in
England, as in Devon-
shire and Cornwall plen-
tiful ; and about Lon-
gledale inVVestmoreland.
Smith, engl. bot. 649.
S. prostrala,Salisb. icon.
11. t. 6.— Plukn. phyt.
t. 7. f. 6. — Petiv. brit.
t. 6. f. 11. Calyx his-
pid. Corolla pale yellow, with a purplish tinge on the 3 upper
segments. Seeds plano-convex, or sub-angular, brown, (fig. 66.)
European Sibthorpia. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. creeping.
2 S. Pichinche'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
390. t. 176.) plant hispid, creeping; leaves on long petioles, re-
niform, 7-9-lobed : lobes obtuse; flowers pentandrous. %. F.
Native on the burning mount of Pichinca, in rugged places
between the plains of Verdecuchu and Chorro de Cantuna, at
the altitude of 1800 hexapods. Flowers purple. Seeds very
minute. Habit of S. Europce\t.
Pichincha Sibthorpia. PL creeping.
3 S. RETu^sA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 391. t. 177.) plant his-
pid, creeping ; leaves on long petioles, reniform, many-lobed :
lobes retuse ; flowers pentandrous. % . F. Native of New
Spain, near Tiangillo, at the altitude of 1500 hexapods. Leaves
twice or three times the size of those oi S. Europcea. Flowers
double the size of those of S. Pichinchcnsis, purplish violet.
EetuseAohed Sibthorpia. PI. creeping.
Cull. Sibthorpia is a genus of singular plants, but of no
beauty ; they are, therefore, only grown in botanic gardens, or
those of the curious. They succeed best in peat soil and moist
situations, and are readily increased by division. >S'. Pichinchhi-
sis and S. retusa require protection from frost in winter.
11. DISA NDRA (from mg, dis, twice ; and arrip cwcpoc, aner
andros, a male ; in reference to the stamens being sometimes 4
and sometimes 8, therefore often double the common number 4.)
Lin. syst, 352. Schreb. gen.
no. G27. Juss. gen. 99. ed.
Usteri. p. 111. Lam. ill. t. 275.
f. 2. Sibthorpia species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Penta-Ociundria,
Monogynia. Calyx 5-8-parted.
Corolla rotate, 5-8-lobed. Sta-
mens 5-8. Sligma simple. Cap-
sule ovate. Seeds ovate. —
Herbs with the habit of Sib-
thorpia. The number of floral
parts are variable, but usually 7.
1 D. prostra'ta (Lin. syst.
352.) prostrate, pubescent ;
leaves reniform, crenated ; pe-
dicels twin. 1/ . G. Native of
Madeira. Curt. bot. mag. 218.
Sibthorpia peregrina, Lin. spec,
p. 880. amoen. 3. p. 20. —
4 N
FIG. 67.
642
SIBTHORPIACEjE. II. DisANDRA. III. Capraria. IV. Xuarezia. V. Leucospora. VI. Scoparia.
Plukn. pbyt. 257. f. S.** Leaves on long petioles, resembling
those of Ground-ivy. Pedicels usually twin, but sometimes
solitary and by threes. Corollas yellow, (fig. 67.)
Prostrate Disandra. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI. pros.
2 D. Africa NA (Lin. syst. ed. Reich, p. 137.) prostrate,
pubescent ; leaves orbicular, crenated ; pedicels solitary. 2/ .
G. Native of the North of Africa. Sibtliorpia Africana, Lin.
spec. 880. amoen. 3. p. 22. — Shaw. afr. f. 149.
African Disandra. PI. prostrate.
Cult. A light rich soil is the best for the species of Disandra,
and they are readily increased by division.
III. CAPRA'RIA (from caper, a goat; goat-weed.) Lin.
gen. no. 768. Schreb. gen. no. 1030. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 250.
t. 53. Juss. gen. p. 118. ed. Usteri. p. 133. Lam. ill. t. 534.
f. 2. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 354.
Lin. syst. Didynnmia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-parted, equal.
Corolla campanulate, with a short tube, and a 5-cleft, nearly
equal limb. Stamens 4, nearly equal, inclosed. Stigma capi-
tate, 2-lobed, ex Bonpl. Capsule ovate, compressed ; valves
bifid. — Annual herbs, with alternate leaves, and axillary pedi-
cellate flowers.
1 C. BiFLORA (Lin. spec. 875.) branches pilose; leaves ob
lono, serrated, narrowed and quite entire at the base, ciliated
smoothish ; pedicels twin, elongated, capillary, pilose. ©.? S
Native of the warmer parts of America, common. Jacq. amer
182. t. 115. pict. 90. t. 174. Swartz. obs. 239. Lam. ill
534. f. 2. C. Curassavica, Herm. par. t. 110. — Comm. hort. 1
p. 79. t. 40.— Plukn. aim. 237. t. 98. f. 4. Feuill. per. 1. p
764. t. 48. Corollas white. Pedicels solitary, or twin, rarely
by threes.
Tmo-Jiowered GoaiveeA. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
2 C. hirsu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 355.)
branches hairy ; leaves oblong, serrated, cuneated at the base,
and quite entire, hairy; pedicels twin, short, hairy. ©.? S.
Native of Mexico, between La Venta del Exido and Acapulco,
at the altitude of 200 hexapods, and elsewhere. Corolla white ;
lower segments marked by a pilose red spot. Very like the
preceding, but the flowers are smaller, pedicels shorter, &c.
Hairy Goatweed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 C. semi-serra'ta (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 47.) branches hairy ;
leaves lanceolate, serrated from the top to the middle ; pedun-
cles 1-4-flowered, solitary.? ©.? S. Native of the Island of
St. Martha. Leaves 2-3 inches long, quite entire at the base.
Calycine segments subulate. Corolla with a villous throat, and
linear, oblong segments. Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong.
Placenta linear, free.
Half-serrated-\ea.\ed Goatweed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 C. saxifragifolia (Cham, et Schlccht, in Linnsea, 5. p.
105.) plant branched, hairy; leaves spatulately obovate, cune-
ated, doubly and deeply serrated, rather pilose ; peduncles almost
solitary, short, hairy. ©.? S. Native of Mexico, near Vera
Cruz. Said to be allied to C. hirsuta.
Saxifrage-leaved Capraria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
■\ A species hardly known.
5 C. ? hu'milis (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 354.) pubescent ;
leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, ovate serrated, petiolate ; pe-
duncles axillary, shorter than the petioles. ©. S. Native of
the East Indies.
Z)n'a»/ Capraria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1781. PI. i to 1
foot.
Cult. The seeds of the species of Capraria require to be
reared on a hot bed in spring, and when the plants are of suf-
ficient size, they require to be planted in separate pots, and
placed in the greenhouse or stove ; and some of them may be
set out in the open ground in a warm, sheltered situation.
IV. XUARE'ZIA (named after Caspar Xuarez, a Spanish
botanist, who has written a work on the plants of Italy.) Ruiz.
et Pav. prod. p. 24. t. 4. fl. per. 2. p. 123. f. a. Pers. ench.
1. p. 176. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p 355.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla sub-campanulate, with a very short tube, and a 5-parted,
equal limb. Stamens 5, equal. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule
oblong, obtuse, rather compressed ; valves bifid ; placenta cen-
tral, at length free. — A shrub with alternate, entire leaves ; and
axillary, twin, white, pedicellate flowers.
1 X. BIFLORA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c.) I? . G. Native of Peru
and the neighbouring parts of South America. Capraria Peru-
viana, Feuill. per. 2. p. 764. t. 48. Shrub much branched,
glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, remotely serrated, narrowed into
the petioles, and (juite entire at the base. Corolla small, whitish
yellow, campanulately rotate. Called Tea in Peru.
Two-flowered Xuarezia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. A light rich soil will suit this plant, and cuttings are
readily rooted.
V. LEUCO'SPORA (from \tv>:oq, leucos, white ; and mropa,
spora, a seed ; seeds white.) Nutt. journ. acad. nat. sc. phil.
7. p. 87. Capraria multifida, Michx.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla tubular, hardly campanidate, obtuse, 4-cleft : upper seg-
ment emarginate. Stamens 4, nearly equal. Capsule 1-celled,
at length 4-valved, many-seeded. — An annual, erect, viscid herb.
Leaves 3 in a whorl, trifid. Flowers solitary, axillary. Said by
Nuttall to be nearly allied to Gratiola.
1 L. MULTIFIDA (Nutt. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of North
America, on the banks of the large western streams ; Ohio,
Mississippi, Missouri, and Arkansas. Caprciria multifida, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 22. t. 23. Leaves lyrate, partly twice trifid;
the segments linear, oblong, and blunt. Capsule ovate ; pla-
centa central, narrow, and almost columnar. Seeds white, dia-
phanous. Flowers pale red, and very fugaceous.
Mullifid-Xeayedi Leucospora. PI. 4 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Capraria, p. 642.
VI. SCOPA'RIA (from j!co;)f/, a broom ; to which use it is
adapted.) Lin. gen. no. 143. Schreb. gen. 187. Gsertn.
fruct. 1. p. 251. t. 53. Juss. gen. p. 118. ed. Usteri. p. 132.
R. Br. prod. p. 443. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
354. Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 2. p. 603.
Lin. syst. Tetr/lndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted, equal ;
segments usually 3-nerved. Corolla rotate, 4-cleft, regular ;
throat girded by a crown of hairs. Stamens 4, equal. Stigma
obtuse. Capsule 2-valved, with a septicidal dehiscence ; valves
semi-bifid ; placenta central, large, bipartible, at length free. —
Glabrous herbs or under shrubs. Leaves dotted, opposite, or
3 in a whorl. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Calyx bractless.
Corollas small, white.
§ 1. Calyx i-cleft.
1 S. du'lcis (Lin. spec. 168.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply
serrated, tapering into the petioles. ©. S. Native of every
part within the tropics, common, particularly near the sea. —
Plukn. phyt. t. 215. f. 1.— Herm. par. 241. f. 241.— Sloan,
jam. l.p. 195. t. 108. f. 2.— Tupeicavi, Pis. bras. 246. Co-
rollas small, white ; the segments have bearded threads on their
1
SIBTHORPIACE.E. VI. Scoparia. VII. Romanzoffia. GESNERIACEiE.
643
edges. The French call the plant Balai doux, or Sireel Besom ;
the Spaniards Escobilla mcnuda, or Little Besom. An infusion
of it is used for disorders of the breast. According to Browne
it may be considered as an excellent vulnerary. Leaves and
branches usually 3 in a whorl.
Var. r), prueumbens ; leaves in fours ; flowers nearly sessile.
O. S. Native of New Spain. S. procumbens, Lin. spec. 1C8.
Stems procumbent. Leaves narrower.
Var, y, arborea ; leaves lanceolate, alternate, quite entire;
corymbs compound, trichotomous. fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. S. arborea, Lin. syst. 157. Thunb. prod. 29.
Willd. spec. 1. p. Q53. This is surely a sytecies Freylinia.
Sweet Scoparia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1750. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
§ 2. Calyx 5-deft.
H S. fla'va (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnfca, 2. p. 603.) leaves
lanceolate, tapering into the petioles, toothed ; peduncles gla-
brous ; calycine segments acute, with pellucid edges. 11. F.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin, Sello. Micro-
carpse'a Montevidensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 42. Corollas pale
yellow. Leaves and branches 4 in a whorl.
l'e/Zo?i'-flovvered Sco])aria. PI. s^ to Ij foot.
3 S. erica'cea (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 604.) shrubby ;
leaves linear, quite entire ; peduncles pubescent; calycine seg-
ments acute, with pellucid margins. Ij . G. Native of the
South of Brazil, Sello. Shrub much branched, glabrous.
Leaves opposite, on tetragonal branches ; 3 in a whorl, on hexa-
gonal branches ; and 4 in a whorl, on polygonal branches.
Heath-like Scoparia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 S. plebe'ia (Cham, et Schlecht, 1, c. p. 605.) leaves nearly
linear, a little toothed ; peduncles glabrous ; calycine segments
acute, a little ciliated. 0. S. Native of the South of Brazil,
Sello. Branches hexagonal. Leaves 3 in a whorl.
Plebeian Scoparia. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
5 S. ELLi'pTicA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaia, 8. p. 21.) an-
gles of branches winged a little ; peduncles, calyxes, nerves, and
margins of leaves pilose; leaves elliptic, coarsely serrated in
front ; calycine segments acute, with pellucid edges, and finely
ciliated towards the apex. ©. S. Native of Brazil, Sello.
Primary stems and branches tetragonal ; branchlets pentagonal,
or hexagonal. Leaves nearly sessile, opposite, or 3 in a whorl.
Corolla exceeding the calyx a little, longer than those of S.
dulcis.
E Hij)tic-\ea.ved Scoparia. PI. 1 to \i foot. ?
6 S. MULTi'piDA (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. 8. p. 22.) leaves
linear, pinnatifid ; peduncles glabrous ; calycine segments un-
equal, acutish, with pellucid edges : corolla twice the length of
the calyx. H . S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Leaves opposite,
or 3-4 in a whorl.
il/!(//(^(i-leaved Scoparia. Shrub J to 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation of annual species see
Capraria, p. 642. and of the shrubby species see Xuarezia,
p. 642.
VII. ROMANZO'FFIA (named in honour of Count Roman-
zofT, at whose expence the voyage of Kotzebue round the world
was undertaken.) Cham. hor. phys. berol. p. 71. t. 14. Lin-
naea, 1. p. 547. 2. p. 607.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, perma-
nent. Corolla salver-shaped, deciduous. Stamens 5, inserted
in the bottom of the tube of the corolla. Stigma capitate, sim-
ple. Capsule ovate, obtuse, 2-valved, many-seeded ; dissepi-
ment contrary to the valves. Seeds obovate, angular. — Fleshy,
pilose herbs, with alternate leaves. Root praemorse, fibrous.
Stems many, usually simple. Radical leaves roundish-reniform,
cordate, many-lobed, or crenated ; cauline leaves few, similar to
the radical ones. Flowers white, bractless, marked with veins,
racemose ; raceme secund, revolute at top.
1 R. Unalasche'nsis (Cham. I. c.) radical leaves on long
petioles, reniformly-cordate, many-lobed, or crenated, pilose ;
petioles channelled, pilose ; stem usually simple, tufted, few-
leaved ; flowers racemose. 1/ . H. Native of the Island of Una-
lascha, in valleys, growing in the fissures of rocks. Saxifraga
niitans, D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. no. 2. Saxifraga seci'mda,
Willd. herb. no. S408. Calycine segments lanceolate, bluntish.
Lobes of corolla equal, roundish. Filaments capillary ; anthers
2-celled, incumbent. Placentas 4, linear, 2 in each cell, adnate
longitudinally to the dissepiment along the axis. Seeds nu-
merous, minute, angular, scrobiculate. Albumen cartilaginous.
Embryo in the axis of the seed, cylindrical, erect.
Unalascha Romanzoffia. PI. 5 to | foot.
2 R. Sitche'nsis (Bongard, mem. acad. imp. st. petersb. 2. p.
156.) radical leaves on long petioles, roundish-reniform, coarse-
ly-toothed, glabrous, rarely furnished with a few hairs ; petioles
glabrous, or pilose dilated ; stems tufted, simple, or dichoto-
mous, furnished with 1-2 leaves, similar to the radical ones ;
flowers racemose. If. H. Native of the Island of Sitcha.
Plant a span high. Petioles dilated at the base, 2-4 inches
long. Calycine segments lanceolate. Corollas largish, 5-cleft,
rarely 4-cleft. Stamens 4-5, alternating with the lobes of the
corolla. Stigma 2-lobed.
Sitcha Romanzoffia. PI. | to J foot.
Cult. Should any of these plants ever be introduced to our
gardens, we would recommend their being grown in pots in a
mixture of peat soil and sand.
Order CLXXIV. GESNERIA'CE^E (this order agrees
with Gesneria in the characters given below.) Gesnereae,
Richard, et Juss. in ann. mus. 5. p. 427. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 2. p. 392. Mart. nov. gen. 3. p. 68. Cyrtandraceae,
Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 23. Didymocarpeae, D. Don, prod,
fl. nep. p. 122.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla oblique ; tube drawn out behind and
in front above, or tubular at the base ; limb 5-cleft, sub-bila-
biate. Stamens 4, didynamous, with usually the rudiment of a
fifth, alternating with the divisions of the corolla : the upper one
or more of them abortive. Anthers distinct, cohering by
pairs, or altogether. Ovarium 1 -celled ; placentas 2, pari-
etal, bilamellate. Fruit capsular or baccate, silique-formed, or
round. Seeds numerous, hanging by long funicles, or erect.
Albumen copious or wanting. Embryo straight, slender. —
Herbs or shrubs, usually tuberescent at the base. Leaves op-
posite or verticillate, rarely alternate, thickish, entire. Inflo-
rescence cymose, rarely racemose. Down or hairs simple.
Cymes axillary or racemose, from the flowers being axillary and
solitary. Corollas beautiful, of various colouring, scarlet, vio-
let, blue, lilac, rose-coloured, green, cream-coloured, and white ;
of one colour or spotted, or marked with other colours. Roots
usually tuberous. Stems erect, decumbent or parasitical, and
climbing on trees. Leaves entire or quite entire, thickish, green
above, but often purple or reddish beneath. Leaves emol-
lient.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Gesnerie-E. Calyx usually adhering to the ovarium at the
4 N 2
644
GESNERIACE.E.
base ; the ovarium is therefore half inferior. Seeds albumi-
nous.
SUBTRIBE I.
Gloxinie'^e. Calyx adnate to the ovarium. Corolla half
inferior, perigynous.
1 Trevera'nia. Ring round the ovarium entire. Corolla
oblique ; limb spreading.
2 Gesneria. Glands around the ovarium free. Corolla
straightish, tubular, furnished with 5 gibbosities at the base.
3 Gloxi'nia. Glands as in Gesneria. Corolla very oblique,
campanulately ringent, with only one gibbosity at the base.
Subtribe II.
CoNRADiE'iE. Calyx adnate to the ovarium. Corolla supe-
rior. Leaves alternate or scattered.
4 Rytidoca'rpum. 'llpigynous ring thick and sinuated.
Leaves stipulate.
5 Conra'dia. Ring or glands scarcely present.
Subtribe III.
Beslerie";E. Calyx free. Corolla inferior.
6 Sarmie'nta. Fruit baccate. Ring hypogynous. Stamens
4, 2 hind ones perfect : front ones abortive.
7 Besle'ria. Fruit baccate. Ring hypogynous. Stamens
4, all perfect, with a chaff-formed rudiment of a fifth.
8 Hypocy'rta. Fruit baccate. Glands hypogynous. An-
thers connected. Corolla tubular, ventricose in front,
9 Colu'mnea. Fruit baccate. Glands hypogynous. An-
thers connected. Corolla tubular, ringent : hind lip arched.
10 Mitra'ria. Fruit baccate. Glands hypogynous. An-
thers free. Bracteas mitre-formed.
11 Drymonia. Fruit capsular. Rudiment of a fifth stamen
wanting. Corolla very oblique, campanulately ringent ; throat
ample.
12 Klu'gia. Fruit capsular. Rudiment of a fifth stamen
wanting. Stigma capitately truncate. Corolla tubular, rin-
gent.
13 Tapi'na. Fruit capsular. Rudiment of a fifth stamen
present. Corolla very oblique, campanulately ringent, with a
constricted throat.
14 Nemata'nthus. All as in Tujnna ; except that the co-
rolla is campanulate, and its limb nearly equal and spreading.
15 Allople'ctus. Fruit capsidar. Rudiment of a fifth sta-
men present. Corolla straightish, club-shaped or funnel-shaped.
Stigma capitately funnel-shaped.
IC Epi'scia. aw as in a llopteclus ; except that the corolla
is tubularly funnel-shaped, and the stigma ;2-lobed.
Tribe II.
Cystandra'cejs. Ovarium wholly superior. Seeds exalbu-
minous.
Subtribe I.
Trichospore.e. Capsule silique- formed, terete. Seeds pen-
dulous, expanded at both ends, or only at the apex or base
into a setaceous or membranous wing.
17 Tromsdorffia. Calyx tubular, somewhat 5-cleft. Sta-
mens 4, 2 of which are sometimes sterile, inclosed. Stigma
sub-bilamellate. Seeds furnished with a membranous wing at
the base.
18 tEschyna'nthus. Calyx ventricose, tubular, 5-cleft. Sta-
mens 4, fertile, exserted, with the rudiment of a fifth, inclosed.
Stigma somewhat funnel-shaped. Seeds drawn out into a
bristle-formed tail at both ends.
19 Lysionotis. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, or 5-parted. Stigma
capitate. Anthers, capsule, and seeds as in Mschtjndnthus.
20 Agalmy'la. Calyx 5-paited. Stamens 5, 2 or 4 of
which are fertile, and exserted. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule
and seeds as in JEschyndnthus.
Subtribe II.
Didymoca'ri'E.e. Capsule silique-formed. Seeds pendulous,
minute, naked.
21 Streptoca'rpus. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla tubularly fun-
nel-shaped ; limb 5-lobed, nearly equal, oblique. Stamens 4,
2 front ones fertile ; and the other 2 tubercle-formed and sterile.
Valves of capsule twisted. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds minute,
naked.
22 Didy'moca'rpus. Calyx campanulate, bluntly 5-toothed, or
5-lobed. Corolla tubidar ; limb spreading. Stamens 4, rarely
5, inclosed, 2 or 4 of which are antheriferous. Cells of anthers
divaricate. Stigma obtuse, or simple. Seeds subulate, or
roundish.
23 Chirata. Calyx 5-cleft, inflated, 5-angled. Corolla
funnel-shaped ; limb bilabiate. Stamens 5, inclosed, 2 lower
ones fertile; anthers reniform, 1 -celled. Stigma funnel-shaped,
2-lobed. Seeds subulate, acute at both ends.
Subtribe III.
Cyrta'ndre/E. Fruit baccate. Seeds pendulous, naked.
24 Cybta'ndra. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, 3 of
them sterile. Cells of anthers parallel. Stigma capitate, some-
times emarginate. Berry a little longer than the calyx.
25 Whi'tia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Stamens as in Cyrldn-
dia, but exserted ; cells of anthers unequal in insertion. Stigma
somewhat funnel-shaped. Berry much longer than the calyx.
26 Rhynchote'cum. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 4, fertile, in-
closed; anthers 1-celled. Stigma obtuse. Berry globose,
inclosed.
27 Loxo'nia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Stamens 4, fertile,
inclosed ; anthers sagittate. Stigma bilamellate. Berry oblong,
nclosed.
28 Centro'nia. Calyx spathaceous, cleft. Stamens 4, fer-
tile, inclosed ; anthers 1-celled, spurred at the base. Stigma
capitate. Berry longer than the calyx.
GESNERIACEiE. I. Treverania. II. Gesneria.
645
29 Uta'nia. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 5, fertile, exserted ;
anthers incumbent, bifid at base. Stigma capitate. Berry
ovate, longer than the calyx.
ao Fie'ldia. Calyx 5-parted, inclosed in a spath-formed
bractea, which is cleft on one side. Corolla tubidarly ventri-
cose ; limb equal, 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate. Stamens 5, 4 fertile
exserted, and sterile one inclosed. Stigma bilamellate. Berry
spongy, longer than the calyx. ?
SUBTRIBE IV.
Ldxotie'jE. Capsule 2-valved, or circumcised. Seeds erect,
naked.
§ 1. Cajisule ii-valrcd.
31 LoxoTis. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla tubular ; limb
short, bilabiate. Stamens 2, fertile ; sterile ones none, or very
miimte. Capsule 2-valved.
32 Glossa'nthus. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla tubular ;
limb bilabiate : upper lip very short : lower one large, convex. ?
Stamens 4, fertile. Capsule 2-valved.
cJ3 Platyste'mma. Calyx ovate, 5-cleft. Corolla rotately
bilabiate, 5-cleft, without any tube. Stamens 4, very short,
equal; anther 1-celled. Stigma capitate, entire. Ovarium
roundish-ovate, 2-celled.
34 OuRi'siA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb
5-cleft, equal. Stamens 4, fertile. Stigma capitate, emarginate.
Placentas globose, adnate to the dissepiment.
§ 2. Fruit capsular, circumcined.
35 Stauranthe'ra. Calyx subrotately campanulate, 5-pli-
cate, somewhat 10-cleft. Corolla with a very short tube, am-
ple, oblique, spmewhat 5-cleft at top. Stamens fertile, 4 ;
anthers heart-shaped, cohering in a cruciate manner. Capsule
circumcised.
36 Aiki'nia. Calyx tubidar, 5-cleft. Corolla bilabiate,
spreading. Stamens 4, 2 lower ones sterile. Capsule girded
by the calyx, 1-celled, circumcised.
■j- A geiuts doubtful whether belonging to Gesneriacece or
BignoniacecB.
37 Amphicome. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular,
ventricose near the base : limb 5-lobed, ciliated. Stamens 4,
didynamous, with the rudiinent of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate.
Capsule silique-formed. Seeds winged at both ends, and bearded.
I. TREVERA'NIA (named in honour of Lud. Christ. Tre-
veranus, M.D., professor of botany in the university of Bonn, on
the Riiine.) VVilld. enum. 2. p. G38. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p.
56. — Cyrilla, Lher. — Achimenes species, P. Browne. — Achi-
nienes, Pers. — Coliimnea species. Lam.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angioxpermia. Calyx adnate to the
ovarium; limb 5-parted, nearly equal. Corolla funnel-shaped;
tube rather oblique, gibbons behind at the base ; limb nearly
equal, spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens didynamous, with the rudi-
ment of a fifth ; anthers connected. Ovarium girded by a
ring. Capsule dry, 1-celled, or half 2-celled; placentas 2,
parietal. Seeds many, scobiform. — Branch.ed, pubescent, peren-
nial herbs, furnished with scaly ament-formed stolons under
ground, and sometimes from the axils of the leaves. Leaves
opposite, or 3 in a v\horl, serrated. Flowers axillary, solitary,
or few and aggregate.
1 T. pulciie'lla (Willd. enum. 2. p. 638.) plant tomentosely
hairy ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, acuminated at both ends,
serrated, with minute leaves in the axils ; peduncles solitary,
axillary. 11 . S. Native of Jamaica, among the mountains in
steep places. Cyrilla pulchella, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 147. t. 71.
Curt. bot. mag. 374. Buchnera coccinea. Scop, insubr. 2. p.
10. t. 5. Columnea erecta, Lam. diet. 2. p. 66. Achimenes
minor, P. Browne, jam. 271. t. 38. Achimenes coccinea, Pers.
ench. 2. p. 165. Gesneria pulchella, Swartz. prod. p. 90.
Corollas scarlet. Genitals inclosed. Capsule somewhat 2-celled.
A''(?a« Treverania. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1778. PI. 1 to U
foot.
2 T. gbandiflora (Schiede, in Linngea, 8. p. 247.) beset
with spreading hairs ; leaves opposite, equal, ovate, acute, ob-
lique at the base, coarsely serrated. X.S. Native of Mex-
ico, on shady places near the Hacienda de La Laguna. Leaves
green above, and reddish beneath, very like those of elm ; the
largest ones 1^ to 2 inches lo)ig. Corollas large, of a violet
purple colour. Genitals inclosed. Lobes of corolla roundish,
quite entire.
Great-Jlorvered Treverania. PI. 1 foot.
3 T. HETtROPHYLLA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. bQ.) plant
sparingly ])ilose ; leaves opposite, the one smaller than the
other, cordate ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated. 1/. S.
Native of Mexico, Karwinski. Largest leaves 1-3 inches long.
Flowers solitary, or twin. Corolla scarlet; lobes roundish,
ciliated. Genitals inclosed.
Variable-leaned Treverania. PI. j to 1 foot.
Cull. The species of this genus are exceedingly beautiful
when in flower, like most of the other genera of the present
order. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat is the best soil for
them. As soon as the plants are done flowering they should
not have any water given to them until the roots begin again
to vegetate, when they should be taken out of the pots and
divided. Five or six strong roots are sufficient for a sixty size
pot. After this has been done, they require moisture and
warmth to make them grow strong, and flower in perfection.
Tribe I.
GESNERIE^jE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Ges-
neria in the characters given below.) Calyx usually adhering to
the ovarium at the base ; the ovarium is, therefore, half inferior.
Seeds albuminous.
Sublribe I.
GLOXINIE^/E (this subtribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Gloxinia in the characters given below.) Calyx ad-
nate to the ovarium. Corolla half inferior, perigynous.
II. GESNE'RIA (a name given by Plumier in honour of
Conrad Gesner, of Zurich, the famous botanist and natural his-
torian.) Lin. gen. no. 749. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 472. t. 177.
Juss. gen. 165. ed. Usteri. p. 184. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
3. p. 392. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 27.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx adnate to the
ovarium ; liinb nearly equally 5-lobed, free. Corolla semi-
superior, tubular, with 5 gibbosities at the base ; limb sub bila-
biate : upper lip drawn out, emarginately 2-lobed : lower lip 3-
lobed. Stamens didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth
646
GESNERIACE.E. II. Gesneria.
behind ; anthers at first cohering into a round head. Glands 5,
or fewer around tiie ovarium. Capsule dry in the calyx, 1-
celled, incompletely 2-valved ; placentas 2, parietal, many-
seeded. Seeds scobiform. — Perennial plants, furnished with
solid fleshy tubers of various forms ; but in most of the species
these tubers are nearly globose or placentiform, which send
forth the stems every year. The plants are beset with com-
pound, articulated hairs, and often with glandular, clammy pili.
Stems simple, or branched, woody, or annual, terete, rarely
angular. Leaves opposite, or verticillate, on short petioles,
entire, toothed, or serrated, thickish, clothed with soft villi,
which is often silky, but paler and more densely villous beneath.
Buds naked. Leaves complicate. Flowers disposed in opposite
cymes, constituting a terminal thyrse ; the peduncles furnished
with floral leaves, or bracteas at the base : rarely disposed in
racemes or spikes. Corollas scarlet, or purple, rarely green, of
one colour, or spotted with others, usually pubescent. This
beautiful genus is diflTused throughout the tropical parts of
America, particularly in the fissures of moist rocks, and in
shady, moist places.
* Peduncles radical.
1 G. TUBERosA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 29. t. 212.) stem
rhizomatoid, horizontal, marked by the cicatrices of the fallen
leaves ; leaves opposite, broad-ovate, toothed, cordate at the
base, clothed with soft pubescence, but hairy on the nerve and
veins beneath ; peduncles from the base of the rhizomatose
roots ; limb of corolla erectish, nearly equal ; hypogynous
glands twin behind. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil, in the mine pro-
vinces near Villa Rica, in the fissures of rocks. Tuber nearly
globose, 1 to 1^ inch in diameter. Peduncles radical, erect,
numerous. Corollas tubular, erect, scarlet.
Tuberous-iooieil Gesneria. PI. ^ foot.
* * Cymes terminal, umbellate.
2 G. RUPi'coLA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 30. t. 213.) the
whole plant villously pubescent ; stem a span high, leafless at
top; leaves opposite, on short petioles, broad ovate, or obovate,
purplish beneath, crenated ; cymes terminal ; limb of corolla
erectish, nearly equal ; hypogynous glands 5. %.S. Native
of Brazil, in the mine provinces, in high, exposed places. Tuber
size of a filbert or walnut. Superior part of stem scape-form-
ed. Floral leaves 2, sessile, under the cyme. Corollas tubular,
scarlet.
Rock Gesneria. PI. |^ to | foot.
3 G. cane'scens (Mart. 1. c. p. 36.) clothed with hoary villi ;
stem erect ; leaves opposite, and 4 in a whorl, broad-ovate,
acutish at both ends, a little toothed ; cymes terminal, few-flow-
ered ; corolla clavately cylindrical : limb short, nearly equal ;
•'ypogynous glands 2, behind. %. S. Native of Brazil, in
shady rocky places in the province of St. Paul, and on Serra do
Mar. Stem purplish. Leaves 1 to 1| inch long. Cyme of
3-G-8 flowers. Floral leaves under the cyme sometimes 4,
Corolla scarlet, an inch long. Hypogynous glands linear-ob-
long, truncate.
Canescent Gesneria. PI. | to 1 foot.
4 G. Dougla'sii (Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 1110. Mart. nov.
gen, bras. 3. p. 33.) clothed with fine pubescence ; stem erect ;
leaves falsely verticillate, 4-5-6, rarely opposite, ovate, acute,
crenately toothed ; cyme terminal, simple, or compound ; limb
of corolla nearly equal; hypoyynous glands twin behind. %.
H. Native of Brazil, in woods near Rio Janeiro, and in the
tract of mountains of Serra do Mar, in various places. G.
maculata, Mart. nov. gen. bras. t. 215. G. verticill^ta. Hook.
bot. mag. t. 2776. Tuber nearly globose, 1|- to 2 inches in
diameter. Stems solitary, or numerous from the same tuber.
Corollas Ij inches long, drooping, rose-coloured, irregularly
marked with longitudinal, blood-coloured, or brownish blood-
coloured stripes and spots.
Douglas's Gesneria. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
* * * Peduncles axillary, 2, or many-Jlorvered, cymose.
5 G. LATiFOLiA (Mart, in Otto, el Link, verb. bot. gart. 5. p.
218. t. 1. nov. gen. bras. p. 34.) plant tomentosely villous;
stem erect ; leaves opposite, broad, or orbicularly-ovate, obtuse,
or elliptic, coarsely toothed ; cymes axillary, crowded upwards
into a terminal thyrse ; corolla cylindrical, with an equal tube ;
limb short, erect, nearly equal ; hypogynous glands 2, behind.
J/. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Paul, and Minas
Geraes, in shady, rocky places. Tuber large, a span in diameter,
placenta-formed. Stems simple, numerous from the same root.
Leaves 4-7 inches long. Cymes 5-12-flowered. Corolla an
inch long, beautiful scarlet, villous outside ; tube broadly bi-
gibbous from the base downwards.
Broad-leaved Gesneria. PI. 1| to 2 feet.
6 G. aggrega'ta (Ker. bot. reg. t. 329.) clothed with sub-
viscid villi ; stem erect, branched ; leaves opposite, rarely 3 in
a whorl, oblong-ovate, acutish at both ends, villous, especially
on the veins beneath, crenated ; peduncles axillary, 2-4-6-flow-
ered, verticillate, 2 to 8, length of corolla, which is coarsely bi-
gibbous behind, clavately cylindrical : limb nearly equal, erect ;
hypogynous glands 4-5. 1^. S. Native of Brazil, in woods
about Rio Janeiro, and elsewhere. G. pendulina, Lindl. bot.
reg. t. 1032. This species agrees in some points with the G.
latifolia, particularly in the form of the corolla. Corolla before
florescence often tricoloured ; that is, scarlet at the base, yellow
in the middle, and greenish at top ; tube broadly bigibbous from
the base downwards. The 2 hind hypogynous glands are often
combined in one.
Aggregate-RoweveHi Gesneria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816.
PI. 2 feet.
7 G. Deppea'na (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 5. p. 110.)
tomentum on the superior surfaces of the leaves soft, not stri-
gosely scabrous ; that on the lower surfaces yellowish white,
not fuscescent ; the crense, tomentum of stems, and peduncles
spreading, not reflexed ; anthers exserted ; segments of calyx
narrower, more acute, triangular, and the leaves more elongated
than in G. elongata, H. B. et Kunth. %. S. Native of Mex-
ico, in the woods of Jalapa ; and at the Hacienda de La Laguna.
G. vetulhia, Willd. herb. no. 11253. Nearly allied to G. ag-
gregata, Ker. but differs in the broad, ovate, acuminated, acute
calyxes, and the smaller corollas, which are also scarlet.
Deppe's Gesneria. PI.
8 G. bulbosa (Ker. bot. reg. t. 343.) villous; stem erect;
leaves opposite, broad-ovate, cordate, acutish, serrately cre-
nated ; cymes many-flowered, spreading from the axils of the
leaves, and disposed upwards into a terminal thyrse ; superior
lip of corolla very long ; hypogynous glands 2, behind. %. S.
Native of Brazil, in shady rocky places at Villa Rica; also on
the mountains of Serra dos Orgaos, at the altitude of 2500 to
3000 feet. Leaves very like those of G. latifdlia ; but is dis-
tinguished by the figure of the corolla. It is very variable in
the size of the corolla ; and the cymes are sometimes all crowd-
ed into a terminal thyrse, and sometimes others are axillary.
Corollas scarlet.
ZJ«/io««-rooted Gesneria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 2
feet.
9 G. Sellowii (Mart. I. e.) stem pilose, branched ; leaves
GESNERIACE^. II. Gesneria.
C4.7
opposite, on short petioles, cordate-ovate, acute, serrated, hairy
above, and hoary froin tonientum beneath ; cymes many-flower-
ed, hiteral, disposed into a long thyrse ; corollas clavatcly cylin-
drical ; limb short, nearly equal ; hypojzynous glands 4. "if.. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, on
Mount Butucaray, Sello. Leaves 5 inches long, and nearly 3
broad. Cymes opposite.
Scllo's Gesneria. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
10 G. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 395, t.
191.) branches pilose; leaves opposite, obliquely ovate-oblong,
acuminated, rounded at the base, sub-cordate, serrately crenated,
densely and pilosely pubescent above, silvery and pilose beneaih ;
peduncles axillary, 3-flowered ; corolla tubular, inflated at top,
pubescent ; limb 5-cleft, nearly equal, spreading ; hypogynous
glands unknown. V-. S. Native of New Granada. Leaves
on short petioles, 3 inches long, and Ij inch broad. Corolla
scarlet ; limb spotted.
Sofc Gesneria. PI. ?
11 G. MACROSTA CHYA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1202.) clothed with
hoary down ; stem simple ; leaves opposite, on short petioles,
cordate ovate, crenated, wrinkled ; cymes from the axils of the
bracteas or upper leaves, many-flowered, the whole forming a
long, leafless, terminal, compound raceme ; corolla tubular,
tomentose : limb nearly equal, short ; hypogynous glands twin
behind. T}.. S. Native of Rio Janeiro. Root tuberous, like
the rest. Corolla scarlet ; limb spotted.
Long-spiked Gesneria. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 feet.
12 G. LONGiFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 396.) branches
clothed with woolly hairs ; leaves opposite, obliquely ovate,
acute, narrowed into the short petioles at the base, crenated,
finely pilose above, and pubescent beneath ; peduncles axillary,
2-flovvered ; corolla tubular, woolly : limb nearly equal, 5-cleft,
spreading ; hypogynous glands unknown. '2/ . S. Native of
New Granada. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 2^ broad. Co-
rolla purplish, ventricose at top ; liinb spotted.
Long-Jluivered Gesneria. PI. ?
13 G. ELONGA TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 396. t. 192.)
branches tetragonal, clothed vvith woolly hairs ; leaves opposite,
oblong acuminated, acute at the base, somewhat crenated, sca-
brous from strigae above, and clothed with fuscescent, woolly
tomentum beneath ; peduncles axillary, 4-flovvered, elongated ;
corolla tubular, ventricose at top, hairy ; limb 5-cleft, nearly
equal; hypojzynous glands unknown. If. S. Native of Quito.
Leaves 4 inches long ; veins purplish beneath. Corolla scarlet :
throat contracted ; limb spreading, spotted.
/i/o;?n-«^crf-pedunclcd Gesneria. Shrub. ?
14 G. coRYMBosA (Swartz, prod. p. 89. fl. ind. occ. 2. p.
1022.) shrubby, subdivided ; leaves opposite, ovate, acute, ser-
rated, scarious, rough, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath,
on short petioles ; peduncles terminal and axillary, many-flow-
ered, corymbose; corolla cylindrical, incurved: 2 upper seg-
ments of the limb concave : the 3 lower ones longer, with cre-
nated edges. J; • S. Native of the South of Jamaica, in rocky
chalky places on the banks of rivers. Leaves 2 inches long.
Corollas scarlet.
Cor!/?H6ose-flowered Gesneria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. 2 feet.
15 G. lasia'ntha (Zucc. abhandl. acad. wiss. 1829, 1830. p.
305. t. 13.) stem shrubby, branched, hairy; leaves petiolate,
decussate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrulated, clotiied with
silky hairs ; peduncles 4-flowered ; tube of corolla equal at the
base, vvith 5 gibbosities ; hypogynous glands 5, minute. I7 . S.
Native of Mexico. Corolla downy. Nearly allied to G. Dep-
pea7i/i, Schlecht. et Cham, in Linneea, 5. p. 110.
WooUy-Jlonered Gesneria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
* * * * Floncrs veiticillale, spicate, or racemose.
16 G. scE I'TRUM (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 32. t. 214.) vil-
lous ; leaves on short petioles, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, from
subcordate at the base to oblong, bluntly serrated ; whorls of
flowers almost leafless at top, disposed in an elongated thyrse ;
pedicels about the length of the corolla; upper lip of corolla
drawn out; hypogynous glands 4 or 5. Tf.. S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of St. Paid, at Mogy das Cruce, along
the banks of the Sapucahy river. Tuber large, depressed, i^lo-
bose. Leaves 2-3 inches long, villous. Stems simj)le.
far. a, rubra (Mart. 1. c.) leaves with more parallel margins,
lanceolate-oblong, acute, 3-5 inches long ; peduncles loose and
longer ; corollas red, or scarlet.
Far. y,Jldvkla (Mart. 1. c.) leaves broader, broad ovate-ob-
long, 4-6 inches long ; peduncles loose and longer ; corolla pale
yellow.
Far. y, ignea (Mart. 1. c.) leaves smaller, li to 2 inches Ion;;,
obtuse, rarely crenated, more densely pubescent beneath and
canescent ; peduncles shorter, strict ; corollas pale fire coloured,
reddish towards the edge of the limb.
Sceptre Gesneria. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
17 G. ciielonioi'des (H, B, et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 392.)
stem nearly simple, hairy ; leaves opposite, on short petioles,
oblong, acutish, obtuse at the base, coarsely crenated, hairy on
both surfaces, canescent beneath ; flowers spicate, opposite, soli-
tary or twin ; corolla tubular, hairy, gibbous above at the base :
throat wide; hypogynous glands 5, 1/ . S. Native of New
Granada, in shady places in the valleys of Gualguase and Smitha,
between Popayan and Almaguer, at the altitude of 580 to 700
hexapods. Leaves 3 inches long. Flowers pedicellate. Limb
of corolla bilabiate : lobes all rounded. Corolla pale red.
Ovarium only adhering to the calyx at the base,
Chelone-l'ike Gesneria. PI. 3 to 4 feet,
18 G. ela'tior (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 393.) stem
simple ? pilose ; leaves 3 in a whorl, nearly sessile, lanceolate,
obtuse at both ends, crenated, pilose, but more densely so be-
neath ; spikes terminal, verticillate; whorles 3-flowered, re-
mote ; corolla clavately cylindrical, villous ; hypogynous glands
5. %. W. Native of New Andalusia, in shady places on
Mount Tumiriquiri, at the altitude of 600 hexapods. Leaves
on short petioles, canescent beneath, 2| inches long, and 7 lines
broad. Flowers pedicellate, drooping. Corolla tubular, in-
flated at top, red.
Taller Gesneria. PI. 3 to 4 feet,
19 G. sylv.Vtica (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem simple, pilose;
leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl, lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, quite
entire, strigosely pilose on both surfaces, but especially beneath ;
spike terminal, verticillate ; whorles 2-4-flowered : lower ones
distant ; corolla tubularly ventricose ; limb 5-lobed, reflexed ;
hypogynous glands unknown. % . S. Native of the province
of Bracomoros, between Jaen and the river Amazon, at the alti-
tude of 230 hexapods. Leaves canescent beneath, li inch long,
and I an inch broad. Flowers pedicellate. Corolla 8 lines
long, scarlet, pilose outside.
Wood Gesneria. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
20 G. spica'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1, c, t, 188,) stem suffruti-
cose, simple, pilose ; leaves 3 in a whorl, on short petioles, lan-
ceolate-oblong, acuminated, crenated, densely pilose above, and
clothed with woolly tomentum beneath ; spike terminal, verti-
cillate; whorles 10-flowered, approximate ; corolla tubular, in-
curved, hairy : limb 5-cleft: the 2 upper segments rather the
largest; hypogynous glands 5, T; , S. Native of New Gra-
nada, in boggy places near lb; gue, at the foot of Mount Quin-
diu ; also near the Hacienda de La Laguna, in Mexico, at the
648
GESNERIACE^T;. II. Geskeria. III. Gloxinia.
altitude of 1730 hexapods. Leaves 5 inches lonsi, and 1| incli
broad. Flowers pedicellate. Corolla scarlet. 'Jlie Mexican
plant nsually lias 4 leaves in a whorl, very scabrous above. The
hairs of the stem are sometimes adpressed, of a fidvescent co-
lour, not purplish. Corollas purplish.
,S)}ica<f-flowered Gesneria. Clt. 1831. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
21 G. allagophy'lla (Mart. 1. c.) stem erect, pilose, usually
trigonal ; leaves villous, nearly sessile, 3 in a whorl, or op)io-
site, or scattered, linear-oblong or spatulate, obtuse, crenated ;
flowers sessile, in whorls, disposed in a long terminal spike ;
tube of corolla cylindrical, pilose ; limb equal, spreading, gla-
brous ; hypogynous glands 2, behind. % . S. Native of Bra-
zil, in the mine provinces, in various places. Lindl. hot. reg.
t. 1767. Tuber large, often a span in dianieter, placenti-
form. Superior leaves more approximate than the others.
Floral leaves ovate, acutish, serrated. Lower whorles of flowers
^-3 inches distant, but more approximate upwards; sometimes
the peduncles are scattered, and therefore constituting a long
spike. Corolla scarlet, pilose.
Changeable-leaved Gesneria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1835.
PI. 2i to 3 feet.
***'** Peduncles axillary, l-Jlonoed, solitary, or
aggregate,
22 G. prasina'ta (Ker. bot. reg. t. 428. Mart. 1. c. p. 37.)
villous; stem erect; leaves opposite or S in a whorl, ovate or
ovate-oblong, serrated ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the co-
rolla, which is canipanulate, villous outside, with a nearly equal
limb; hypogynous glands 5. 2/ . S. Native of Brazil, in
fields at Villa Rica, and elsewhere, in the mine provinces. Co-
donophora grandiflora, Lindl. in bot. reg. under no. 1112. Co-
rollas scarlet ? larger than those of G. allagopliylla, campanu-
late.
G;een Gesneria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. li to 2 feet.
23 G. ru'tila (Lindl. bot. reg. 1158. Mart. 1. c. p. 34.)
villous ; stem erect ; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acutish
at both ends, coarsely crenated ; peduncles axillary, shorter than
the corolla ; superior lip of corolla drawn out ; hypogynous
glands 2, behind. IJ.. S. Native of Brazil, in shady woods,
m a moist soil, and in the fissures of rocks near Rio Janeiro,
.md in the tract of the mountains called Serra dos Orgaos, in
various places. This species differs from G. sceplrum in the
smaller stature, slenderer, usually purplish, stem, opposite, nar-
rower, more or less attenuated leaves, shorter, interfoliaceous
peduncles, which are not disposed into a terminal thyrse ; and in
the corolla, which is always scarlet, of a deeper colour towards
the margins, more constricted towards the base, and more ven-
tricose towards the mouth, and in the hypogynous glands being
only 2.
Var. fi, atrosanguinea (Bot. reg. 1279.) Corolla deep scarlet.
5ri«ww< Gesneria. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
24 G. ULMiFiJLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 394.)
shrubby 1 branches subtetragonal, and pilose ; leaves opposite,
ovate, acute, obliquely cordate at the base, crenated, blistered
and scabrous above, reticulated and clothed with hairy pubes-
cence beneath; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, by threes or
fours ; corolla tubular, inflated at top, pilose outside ; limb
quinquefid ; 2 superior lobes the largest ; ovarium girded by
a yellow ring. ij . S. Native of Quito, between Chillo and
Sangolgui, at the altitude of 1350 hexapods. Leaves petiolate,
32-33 lines long. Flowers erect. Corolla scarlet, 4 times
longer than the calyx. This belongs to a different genus, if the
ovarium is really surrounded by a ring instead of glands.
Elm-leaved Gesneria. Shrub. ?
25 G. hirsuta (H. B. et Kunth, I. c. p. 394. t. 189 ) shrub-
by ; branches very hairy ; leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, acumi-
nated, rounded at the base, tomentosely pilose above, and cloth-
ed with woolly tomentum beneath : peduncles axillary, 1-flow-
ered, twin ; corolla tubular, incurved, hairy outside ; hypogynous
glands hairy. h . S. Native of the province of Cumana, near
tlie monastery of Caripe, at the altitude of 460 hexapods.
Leaves on short petioles, about 3 inches long, having the veins
and margins purplish beneath. Flowers drooping. Corolla 3
times longer than the calyx, ventricose at top, purple : limb of
5 roundish spreading, spotted lobes.
Hairy Gesneria. Fl. June, Au". Clt. 1826. Shrub.
26 G. Honde'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 395. t. 190.)
stem nearly terete, clothed with silky white wool ; leaves oppo-
site, somewhat obliquely ovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the
base, crenulated, very scabrous above, and clothed with white
wool beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, by twos and
threes; corolla tubular, ventricose at top, hairy outside; limb
nearly equal ; hypogynous glands 5, truncate, sub-bidentate. ~ll .
S. Native of New Granada, in rocky places near the town of
Honda, at the altitude of 150 hexapods. Leaves petiolate, 4i
inches long. Corolla yellowish green, beset with scarlet hairs :
limb spotted with purple.
Honda Gesneria. PI. I to 3 feet.
27 G. SuTTONi (Booth, in bot. reg. 1637.) stem terete, to-
mentose ; leaves ovate-cordate, crenated, tomentose ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ; upper lip of corolla oblong, un-
dulated: lower one small, revolute. %. S. Native of Rio
Janeiro, near the bay of Bomviaga. Root tuberous. Leaves
opposite, green above, and hoary beneath. Corolla large, scar-
let, downy, swelling at the base.
Sutton's Gesneria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1833. PI. 2 feet.
28 G. TUBiFLORA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 61. t. 584.) stem tetrago-
nal, tomentose ; leaves ovate, acuminated, crenulated, to-
mentose ; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary, by twos or threes;
corolla tomentose, tubularly ventricose, straight ; throat
contracted : limb small, equal, of 5 diverging crenatures or
teeth. 2/ . S. Native of Panama. Leaves hoary beneath.
Peduncles unequal, longer than the petioles. Calyx tomentose,
adherent, with lanceolate segments. Corolla an inch long,
scarlet. Hypogynous glands 5, obtuse. Capsule ovate. Per-
haps a distinct genus.
Tube-JJuwered Gesneria. PI. 1^ to 2 feet.
29 G. verticilla'ta (Cav. icon. 6. p. 62. t. 585. f 1.) stem
tetragonal, villous ; leaves ovate, crenulated, villous, nearly ses-
sile, hispid above, and clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ;
peduncles 1-flowered, numerous, axillary, villous, and appearing
as if they were verticillate ; corolla villous, tubularly urceolate :
throat contracted : limb equal, of 5 short, rounded, spreading
crenatures or teeth. % . S. Native of New Granada, between
Gnaranda and Chimborazo. Leaves opposite, hardly an inch
long. Corolla scarlet, 3 lines long.
Whorled-QoweveA Gesneria. PI. 1 foot.
N.B. What is Gesneria acaulis, Lin. ?
Cult. All the species of this genus are very showy while in
flower ; they are, therefore, great favourites with collectors. A
light rich soil, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, answers
them best. Most of the species are readily propagated by cut-
tings, and by the tubers of the root. The roots while in a
dormant state should have no water given to them.
III. GLOXI'NIA (so named by L'Heritier, in memory of
Benj. Petr. Gloxin, of Colmar, author of " Observationes Bota-
nicae." Argent. 1785. 4to.) Lher. stirp. 149. Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 331. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 262. Martynia
GESNERIACEiE. III. Gloxinia.
619
spec. Lin. — Paliava, Velloz. in Vand. script, t. 7. f. 17. Sin-
ningia, Nees.
Lin. syst. Dhhjnamia, Angiospennia. Calyx adnate to the
ovaiiuni, to the middle : hmb 5-parted, free. Corolla semisu-
perior, oblique, funnel-shaped, or campanulately subringent, gib-
bous behind at the base ; tube ventricose : limb spreading :
upper lip S-lobed : lower one 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous,
with the rudiment of a fifth behind. Glands 5, perigynous.
Capsule 1 -celled, 2-v;;lved ; placentas 2, parietal, 2-lohed.
Seeds numerous, oblong. Root a thick unequal tuber. — Plants
sometimes stemless, therefore the flowers and leaves rise imme-
diately from the root ; sometimes with simple, terete, soft
stems. Leaves opposite, petiolate, thick, for the most part cre-
nated or serrated. Gemmation naked. Flowers large, axillary,
solitary, or many, aggregate, drooping, violaceous, greenish-yel-
low, or white, of one colour, or obscurely spotted, and striped
with other colours. Native of tropical America, on the east
coast, in wet shady places of woods, and on humid rocks, and
sometimes at the roots of trees.
Sect. L Eugloxi'nia. (This section is supposed to contain
the true species of the genus.) Calyx terete. Corollas viola-
ceous, bluish or white.
1 G. gra'cilis (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 6 t. t. 226.) cau-
lescent ; stems elongated, rather pilose, as well as the leaves ;
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, acute, serrated ; flowers
axillary, solitary or twin ; calyx terete, with long, acuminated
segments; corolla downy. '2/. S. Native of the province of
Rio Janeiro, in humid places, upon stones at Moimt Corcovado,
and near Tejuco. Tuber size of a small apple, nearly globose.
Leaves distant, 3-4 inches long, pale, and rather reddish be-
neath. Corolla an inch and a half long, blue or pale violet, very
like tliose of G. caulescens and G. speciusa.
Slender Gloxinia. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
2 G. caule'scens (Lindl. bot. reg. 1127.) caulescent; leaves
oval, crenated, obtuse, tomentose, with revolute edges; pedun-
cles solitary, axillary, elongated ; corolla downy : segments
nearly equal : middle one cordate-ovate, all undulated ; calyx
oblique, with acuminated segments, exactly like that of G. spe-
cibsa. Tf.. S. Native of Pernambuco. Corolla large, a little
arched, drooping, bluish purple.
Caulescent Gloxinia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 182C. PI. i to
1 foot.
3 G. macrophy'lla (Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 11. p.
66.) nearly stemless ; leaves ovate, clothed with soft pubes-
cence, sessile, shorter than the flowers, crenated, obtuse ; flow-
ers crowded, nutant ; calyx large, 5-cleft, with triangular acu-
minated segments. Tf.. S. Native of Brazil, on the road to
Felisbert. Leaves 8 inches long, and 5^ inches broad. Corolla
blue, like those of G. speciosa, but smaller. This species is
similar to G. speciosa, but differs in the flowers being in nearly
sessile glomerules ; and in the leaves being much larger, and in
the flowers being smaller.
Long-Icaved Gloxinia. PI. | to % foot.
4 G. speciosa (Ker. bot reg. 213.) stemless, hispid or hairy;
leaves oval, crenated ; peduncles from the axils of the leaves,
villous, longer than them ; calyx 5-cleft, with ovate, acumi-
nated segments. %. H. Native of Brazil. Sims, bot. mag.
1937. Lodd. bot. cab. 2S. Stem very short. Leaves 7 inches
long, when full grown. Corolla large, bluish purple ; with
rounded segments.
Var. fl, alba ; flowers white.
Showy Gloxinia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1815. PL i to i
foot.
VOL. IV.
5 G. macula'ta (Lher. stirp. t. 149.) caulescent ; stems
simple, spotted ; radical leaves cordate, obtuse, doubly toothed,
shining above, and reddish beneath ; cauline leaves petiolate,
roundish-ovate, simply toothed ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered,
solitary ; calyx glabrous, with oblong obtuse segments ; corolla
downy. l^.S. Native of America, about Carthagena. Sims,
bot. mag. 1191. Martynia perennis, Lin. spec. 802. Mill,
diet. no. 2. Med. bot. beot. 1783. p. 238.— Martynia foliis
serratis, Lin. Iiort. clitf. p. 322. t. 18.— Ehret. pict. t. 9. f. 2.
Root scaly, like that of Denidriii. Corolla purplish-blue.
Spotted-stemmed Gloxinia. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1739. PI.
1 foot.
6 G. hirsu'ta (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1004. Hook. bot. mag.
2690.) stemless, very hairy ; leaves ovate-roundish, wrinkled,
hispid, rather cordate at the base ; scapes or peduncles aggre-
gate, I -flowered ; calyx tubular below, with lanceolate seg-
ments; corolla funnel-shaped: tube narrow: limb spreading,
with obtuse or retuse unequal lobes. 2/. S. Native of Brazil.
Leaves lying flat on the ground. Corolla pale blue, downy,
striped with darker veins; the interior of the tube yellow, with
darker spots.
Hairy Gloxinia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot.
Sect. H. Sinni'ngia (W. Sinning, gardener to the Univer-
sity of Bonne, on the Rhine.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 64.
Sinningia, Nees, in ann. scienc. nat. 6. p. 297. t. 12. The
whole of the calyx, or only the bottom of it, angular or winged.
Flowers white, yellowish green, or pale yellow.
7 G. ScHOTTii (Mikan. del. bras. p. 4.) leaves glabrous,
cordate, ovate, serrated, ciliated ; calyx turbinate, twice as
long as the ovarium. Ti.. S. Native of Rio Janeiro. Sinningia
Helleri, Nees, 1. c. Lindl. bot. reg. 997. Corolla pale yellow
or greenish yellow.
^c/io«'i Gloxinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
8 G. gutta'ta (Mart. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenu-
ated at the base, pubescent, lucid, serrated ; corollas spotted ;
calyx cylindrically campanulate, 3 times as long as the ovarium.
If. S. Native of Brazil. Sinningia guttata, Lindl. bot. reg.
t. 1112. Corolla downy, pale, almost white, spotted inside with
livid purple.
5'y,o«frf-flowered Gloxinia. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1|
foot.
9 G. veluti'na (Mart. 1. c.) leaves oblong, subcordate, vel-
vety ; calyx cylindrically campanulate, 3 times as long as the
ovarium. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil. Sinningia veluiina, Lindl.
bot. reg. under no. 1112. Corolla pale yellow.
Felvely Gloxinia. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. U foot.
10 G. villosa (Mart. 1. c.) stem and leaves villous; calyxes
5-parted, length of ovarium ; flowers aggregate. 2/ . S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Sinningia villosa, Lindl. bot. reg. 1134. Larger
than other species of this section. Corolla pale yellowish
green.
r;7fow« Gloxinia. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. U foot.
1 1 G. du'bia ; calyx tubular, 5-angled, foliaceously winged,
with a 5-cIeft mouth ; corolla with an inflated sub-bilabiate
limb ; rudiment of fifth filament inserted above the base of the
corolla ; hypogynous glands 5, alternating with the filaments ;
fruit capsular, rather fleshy. Ij . S. Native of Mexico. Ges-
neriaceae. Genus nova, Nees, in Linnaea, 1. p. 305.
Doubtful Gloxinia. Shrub.
Cult. Gloxinia is a genus of splendid plants, and great
favourites with gardeners. A light rich soil, or a mixture of
sand, loam, and peat, suits them well. G. maculata is increased
by dividing at the root ; and it should be kept free from suck-
40
650
GESNERIACE^. IV. RYTiDOPHvr.i.uM. V. Conradia.
ers, and only a single stem in a pot, or it will not grow strong
enough to flower. The rest of the species flower freely, and
strike readily from cuttings. The leaves of G. speciosa, and
probably of most others, if taken off close to the stem, and
planted, will strike root, and make each a plant.
Subtribe II.
Conradie'jE (this section agrees with Conradia in the cha-
racter given below.) Calyx adnate to the ovarium. Corolla
superior. Leaves alternate or scattered, not opposite, as in the
last section.
IV. RYTIDOPHY'LLUM (from punc pvrtSoe, rytis rytidos,
a wrinkle; and <pv\\oi>, phyllon, a leaf; leaves blistered.)
Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 38. — Gesneria species, Lin. and
Swartz.
Lin. syst. Didyncmia, Angiospennia. Calyx wholly ad-
nate to the ovarium ; limb 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla supe-
rior, campaniilate, constricted in the middle; limb 5-lobcd.
Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifih behind ;
anthers free or anisogeneous, and cohering. Disk epigynous,
tliick, annular, sinuous. Capsule dry, combined with the some-
what 5-ribbed calyx ; top flat, 2-valved ; placentas 2, parietal,
many-seeded. — Small trees and shrubs, with fibrous roots.
Branches alternate and scattered, hairy. Leaves stipulate, on
short petioles, scattered, very hairy beneath ; the parenchyma
in the upper surface elevated into small blisters, each bearing a
hair at apex. Flowers cymose, on peduncles which rise from
the axils of the superior leaves, green, of one colour, or spotted
with blood-colour, or wholly blood-coloured.
1 R. TOMENTosuM (Mart. 1. c. p. 39.) branches hairy ; sti-
pulas roundish, revolute, crenated, tomentose ; leaves oblong,
acuminated, narrowed at both ends, serrated, reticulated, and
clothed with hoary pubescence beneath, and papillosely rough
above ; corymbs axillary, on long peduncles ; calyx villous,
with a 5-parted equal limb. fj . S. Native of tropical Ame-
rica, on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Gesneria tomentosa,
Lin. spec. 851. Mill. diet. no. 1. Jacq. amer. 179. t. 175.
f. 64. pict. 89. t. 261. f. 2. Sims. hot. mag. 1023. Codono-
phora lanceolata, Lindl. — Sloane, hist. 1. p. 162. t. 104. f. 2.
Corollas spotted with yellow and dark purple. What is Ges-
neria tomentosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 396, which is
described as a herbaceous plant, with a fusiform root, a simple
procumbent stem, and opposite leaves.
Tomentose RytidoplnUum. CIt. 1759. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
2 R. gra'nde (Mart. 1. c.) branches hairy ; leaves broad-
lanceolate, very long, denticulated, hairy, scabrous above, petio-
late ; peduncles long, terminal and axillary, dichotomous ; pedi-
cels usually 3-flowered ; segments of calyx acute, equal. Tj . S.
Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. Gesneria grandis, Suartz.
prod. 89. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1018. Leaves scabrous and white
beneath. Flowers large, greenish-yellow. Corolla irregular,
dilated at the base ; limb ventricose towards the top ; upper
lip large, arched, bifid.
Great Rytidophyllum. Shrub C to 15 feet.
'■'j R. Berteroa'nl'm (Mart. 1. c.) branches densely hairy;
stipulas subulate ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
doubly toothed, scabrous from hairs beneath, and papillosely
rough above ; calyx villous, with setaceously elongated seg-
ments, fj . S. Native of the island of St. Domingo, on
rocks. Gesneria scabra, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 838. but not of
Swartz.
Bertero's Rytidophyllum. Shrub.
Cult. This is a beautiful genu.<, like tlie rest of the present
order. A light rich earth, vegetable mould, or a mixture of
loam, sand, and peat, is good soil for the species ; and cuttings
strike root readily in heat.
V. CONRA'DIA (named after Conrad Gesner, see Gesneria.)
Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 38. Gesneria species, Plum, and
Swartz.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospennia. Calyx wholly adnate
to the ovarium ; limb 5-cleft or 5-toothed, free. Corolla supe-
rior, tubular or campanulate ; limb somewhat equally 5-cleft.
Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth behind ;
anthers usually cohering into a rtmnd head. Glands or disk
wanting. Capsule dry, clothed with a 5 or lO-ribbed calyx,
flat on the top, 2-valved; placentas 2, parietal, many-seeded.
Seeds scobiform. — .Shrubs, rarely herbs, with fibrous roots.
Branches alternate or scattered. Leaves petiolate, alternate, or
scattered, towards the tops of the branches, rough from stiffish
\\\me hairs, particularly on the nerves and veins, rarely glabrous,
usually toothed. Flowers disposed in few-flowered cymes, on
peduncles which rise from the axds of the upper leaves, red or
green, spotted with blood-colour, white or pale.
Sect. I. Synanthe'ra (from avr, syn, together ; and avOrfpa,
anthera, an anther.) Stamens inclosed. Anthers all connected
into a round head.
1 C. iiu'milis (Mart. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, sessile ;
peduncles dicliotomous, 3-7-flowered, very long ; calyx campa-
nulate, 5-toothed ; corolla campanulate, irregular. V^ . S. Na-
tive of Tropical America, and the West Indies. G. hirmilis,
Lin. spec. 850. G. Inimilis flore flavescente. Plum. gen. 27.
icon. 133. f. 2. Corolla yellowish green, with dark spots
within.
Humble Conradia. Shrub 2 feet.
2 C. craniola'ria (Mart. 1. c.) leaves cuneate-obovate, acute,
sub-runcinate, toothed, glabrous above, and hairy beneath; calyx
downy, with linear lanceolate, reflexed segments ; corolla cam-
panulate ; limb nearly regular. h . S. Native of Hispaniola,
among broken rocks on the mountains. Gesnera craniolaria,
Swartz, prod. 89. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1015. Craniolaria fruticosa,
Lin. spec. 861. — Plum. gen. 27. icon. t. 137. Leaves 4-6
inches long. Corolla green outside, hairy, and dark ]uirple.
Margins of the segments of the lower lip of corolla laeiniately
jagged.
Cra7iiolaria-\\ke Conradia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 C. sca'bra (Mart. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated,
scabrous ; calyx scabrous, with ovate, acute, blood-coloured seg-
ments ; corolla incurved, cylindrical : limb nearly equal. Ij . S.
Native of Jamaica, on calcareous rocks. Gesneria scabra,
Swartz, prod. 89. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1020. Leaves petiolate,
scabrous .above, wrinkled, hispid, and hoary beneath. Corolla
small, blood red.
Scabrous Conradia. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Sect. II. Dittanthe'ra (from Sirroe, dittos, twin ; and
ufdiipa, anthera, an anther.) Stamens exserted ; anthers con-
nected by pairs.
4 C. VENTRicosA (Mart. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acuminated,
crenated, glabrous; peduncles usually 4-flowered ; calycine
segments subulate, elongated ; corolla cylindrical, incurved :
.segments of the lower lip crcnately ciliated. fj . S. Native of
Jamaica, Martinique. Gesneria ventricosa, Swartz, prod. p. 90.
fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1028. Pentaraphia lougiflora, Lindl. Leaves
GESNERIACEiE. V. Conradia. VI. Sarmiekta. VII. Besleria.
051
6-8 inches long. Flowers large, scarlet. Capsule turbiiiately-
obovate.
I'entricosc-Roweicd Conradia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1S23.
Slirub () to S feet.
5 C. lixsERTA (Mart. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, crcnatctl,
glabrous ; peduncles 3-flowered ; calycine segments long, acute,
reflexed ; corolla with the tube dilated at the base, and con-
tracted in the middle, gibbose behind, and ventricose in front,
'j . S. Native of Jamaica, on the toj) of the mountains. Ges-
neria exserta, Swartz, prod. p. 89. fl. ind. occ. p. 1024. Leaves
petiolate, pale beneath. Corolla large, yellow, an inch long.
Ei-sci ted-stamened Conradia. Shrub 8 to 1 0 feet.
() C. CALYcfNA (Mart. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, serrately crenated, glabrous ; peduncles 3-flovvered ;
calyx inflated, campanulate, 5-toothed : teeth ovate, acute,
erect: corolla like that of C. exserta; genitals exserted ; cap-
sule cylindrical, l^ • ^- Native of Jamaica, in mountain woods.
Gesneria calycina, Swartz, prod. p. 90. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1026.
.Sinningia calycina, Hort. ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 241. Leaves
petiolate, 4-6 inciies long.
Zar^e-calyxed Conradia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
6 feet.
Sect. III. Ciiorisantiie'ra (from ^wpti^io, cJiorizo, to sepa-
rate ; and aiOiipa, anthera, an anther ; anthers separate, not
combined.) Stamens a little exserted ; anthers distinct. Fruit
like those of the other species.
7 C. pu^iiLA (Mart. 1. c.) stemless ; leaves cuneate-obovate,
crenated, nearly sessile, rather hairy ; peduncles usually 2-flow-
ered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments ovate-lance-
olate, acute : lower ones large, reflexed ; corolla with a funnel-
shaped tube, dilated and sub-campanulate above : limb nearly
regular, with crenately ciliated segments : upper 2 erect. 1/ . S.
Native of Jamaica. Leaves rather scabrous. Corolla whitish,
covered with blood-coloured hairs.
Dwarf Conradia. PI. \ foot.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Rijtidopliijllnm, p.
C50.
Sublribe III.
BESLERIE'yE (the genera contained in this subtribe agree
with Besleria.) Calyx free. Corolla inferior.
VI. SARMIE'NTA (named after Mart. Sarmiento, a Spanish
boUnist.) Ruiz, et Pav. fi. per. 1. p. 8. t. 7. f. b. Mart.
nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 66. t. 219. f. 2. Urceolkria, Feuill. per.
3. p. 69. t. 43.
Lin. stst. D'landria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior : limb 5-
parted, nearly equal. Corolla urceolate : limb 5-lobed, nearly
equal. Two hind stamens perfect, with the rudiments of three
sterile ones, the hind one of these subulate and smaller.
Ring hypogynous. Capsule 1 -celled, circumcised, ex Ruiz,
et Pav. ; placentas 2, parietal, many-seeded. — A branched,
loose, scandent, parasitical herb, with strong, wiry roots.
Leaves opposiie, thickish, hairy, dotted. Flowers on long
peduncles, scarlet, bibracteate.
1 S. reVens (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c) V-. ^. S. Native of
Peru, in woods. Urceolaria scandens, Feuill. per. 3. p. 69.
t. 43.
Creeping Sarmienta. PI. climbing.
Cult. For culture and propagation see RytidnphijUum, p.
650.
VII. BESLFRIA (so named by Plumier after Basil Besler,
an apothecary of Nuremberg, editor, with the assistance of Jun-
gerraann, of a large work, entitled " Hortus Eystettensis, ICl.'J."
'J'he garden belonged to Conrada Gcmmingen, a bishop, and the
plates were engraved at his expense.) Plum. gen. 5. in part.
Lin. gen. no. 755 in part. Schreb. gen. no. 1012. Jacq.
amer. 187. in part. Juss. gen. p. 121, in part. 11. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 397. in part. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p.
24. t. 52. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 43. — Erfphia, Browne,
jam. 270.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx coloured, 5-
cleft, free ; segments quite entire. Corolla campanulately-rin-
gent : upper lip 2-lobed : lower one 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didy-
nanious, rising above the base of the tube, with a chaft-furmed
rudiment of a fifth behind. Hypogynous ring, without any uland.
Berry globose, 1-cclled. Seeds very minute, numerous, attached
to two parietal, 2-lobed placentas. — Erect, branched shrubs.
Stems sub-tetragonal. Leaves opposite, petiolate, thickish ;
nerves and veins very prominent beneath. Peduncles axillary,
few-flowered. Down and hairs on the plants simple. All
inhabitants of Tropical America, in shady, moist places.
1 B. UMBROSA (Mart. 1. c. p. 44. t. 218.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated, attenuated at the base, or cordate, quite entire, ciliated
in the young state, and with the nerve and veins strigilloselv
pubescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary, usually 3-flow-
ered, exceeding the petioles. T; . S. Native of Brazil, in shady
woods, at fountains near Mandiocca, and elsewhere in the tract
of the mountains called Serra dos Orgaos, at the altitude of 500
feet. Leaves 3-5 lines long. Corollas white, glabrous.
Shaded Besleria. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
2 B. lu'tea (Lin. spec. 863. Swartz, obs. 231.) leaves
broad-oblong, acuminated, contracted behind, coarsely-toothed
in front, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, about equal
in length to the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, in humid
places; Guiana and Para. — Plum. gen. 29. p. 36. t. 49. f. 1.
Eriphia, &c. Browne, jam. p. 271. Corolla yellow.
ye^/o;i)-flo\vered Besleria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
3 B. lu'teo-virens (Nees, et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 11. p.
49. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 45.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, cuneated at the base, serrated, especially in front,
rather pilose ; cymes axillary, many-flowered, contracted, equal
in length to the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in boggy
parts of woods near St. Petro de Alcantara, in the district of
Ilheos. Corolla greenish-yellow.
Greenish-yellow-HoweveA Besleria. Shrub.
4 B. e'legans (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 397.)
leaves somewhat obliquely elliptic-oblong, acuminated, quite
entire, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, generally tivin, and usually
3-flowered, shorter than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of New-
Granada, on the Andes of Quindiu, between Quebrada de
Tucheacto and the river San Rafall, at the altitude of 1350
hexapods. Branches terete, twisted, hairy while young. Leaves
7 inches long, and 3 broad. Calyx glabrous. Corolla scarlet,
glabrous.
Elegant Besleria. Shrub.
5 B. soiANofDEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-
oblong, acuminated, narrowed at the base, remotely and obso-
letely denticulated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, usually by
threes, 1-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles, h . S.
Native of the valley of San Lorenzo, on the banks of the
river Pansitara, between the city of Popayan and Almaguer,
at the altitude of 1050 hexapods. Stems wrinkled, glabrous.
Leaves opposite. ? Peduncles solitary, twin, or by threes.
Corolla orange-coloured, glabrous. Said to be nearly allied
to the preceding.
4 o 2
652
GESNERIACE^. VII. Besleria. VIII. Hypocyrta. IX. Columnea.
Solanum-like Besleria. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
6 B. incarna'ta (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 635. t. 25C.) leaves
oblong, crenated, tomentose on both surfaces ; peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; genitals exserted. %. S. Native
of Guiana. Plant erect, herbaceous, tomentose. Stem tetra-
gonal. Corollas purplish ; tube long, ventrieose : lobes of limb
reflexed, roundish, unequal, fringed.
F/eiA-co/oMrerf-flowered Besleria. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet.
7 B. ? viola'cea (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 637. t. 234.) leaves ovate,
acute, quite entire ; peduncles racemosely panicled, terminal ;
stem scandent. Ij . S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Leaves
glabrous, stiff. Flowers purple, size of those oi Lilac. Calyx
ventrieose, 5-toothed, purple. Corolla with a curved tube and
spreadina; limb. Berry purple, edible.
Var. /3, ccerutea (Aubi. guian. 2. p. 631.) berries blue.
Violei-hervied Besleria. Shrub climbing.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidojthyllum, p.
650.
VIII. HYPOCY'RTA (from Wo, hypo, \mAer\ and >ci-proc,
cyrtos, gibbous ; the under part of the tube of the corolla
exhibits a conspicuous gibbosity.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 48.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx free, deeply
5-parted. Corolla inferior, tubular, gibbous behind at the base,
but, with the tube, ventrieose in front : limb 5-lobed, or 5-
toothed, nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudi-
ment of a fifth behind, which rises from the base of the tube ;
anthers cohering by pairs. Hypogynous ring bearing a gland
behind. Berry globose, juicy, coloured, 1 -celled. Seeds many,
fixed to 2 2-lobed, parietal placentas (f. 68. f.) — Glabrous, or
hairy shrubs, inordinately branched, extending and radicant, rarely
erect. Leaves opposite, thickish, paler beneath, and shining,
and often reddish. Flowers axillary, solitary, or aggregate, of a
beautiful colour, such as scarlet, white, cream-coloured, and
rose-coloured. ^ — -Some of the species grow upon old trees, or in
humid places throughout tropical Brazil.
Sect. I. Codona'nthe (from Kwciw*', kodon, a bell ; and avQoQ,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the campanulate tube of corolla.)
Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 49. Tube of corolla sub-cam-
panulate, a little more ventrieose on the lower side ; limb
broadish.
1 H. gra'cilis (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 50. t. 220.) gla-
brous ; branches inordinate, ascending, rooting every where,
loose, epidermis shining ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, with
sub-undulately-toothed edges ; peduncles axillary, solitary, or
twin ; corollas sub-campanulately tubular : lobes rounded, spread-
ing. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in various places among stones,
in humid places from Rio Janeiro to Para. Corollas glabrous,
white outside, yellow inside, and spotted with red at the base.
Branches obsoletely tetragonal.
Slender Hypocyrta. Shrub creeping.
2 H. aggregVta (Mart. 1. c. p. 51. t. 221.) stem erect,
nearly simple, hairy ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends,
quite entire, pilose in the young state ; petioles and nerves hairy
beneath ; peduncles axillary, aggregate ; calyxes Vermillion
coloured ; corollas urceolate : lobes roundish, spreading. ^^ . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in woods along
the river Japura, near Manacuru and elsewliere. Stem terete,
or obsoletely tetragonal. Corolla fine scarlet, finely pubescent
outside.
Aggregate-Rowered Hypocyrta. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Sect. II. Oncoga'stra (from oycoc, oncos, a hook; and yaa-Tijp,
gaster, a belly ; in allusion to the tube being gibbously ventri-
eose downwards on the lower side.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p.
49. Tube of corolla very much gibbously ventrieose down-
wards ; limb short, toothed, erect.
3 H. hirsu'ta (Mart. 1. c. p.
52. t. 222.) stem erectisli, or as- FIG. 68.
cending, villously hairy at top;
leaves on short petioles, obo-
vate, bluntish, hairy ; flowers
axillary, solitary ; corollas great-
ly swollen in front : limb con-
tracted, erect, 5-toothed. t^ . S.
Native of Brazil, in the mine
provinces, in shady, stony places
on the edges of woods, near
Villa Rica and elsewhere. Stem
flexuous, or obsoletely tetra-
gonal. Corolla an inch long,
scarlet, pubescent, (fig. 68.)
Hairy Hypocyrta. Shrub 1
to U foot.
4 H. strigillosa (Mart. 1. c.
p. 52.) stem erectisli, villous at
top ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, acutish, mucronulate ;
flowers axillary, solitary ; corollas coarsely ventrieose in front ;
limb contracted, erect, 5-toothed. h . S. Native of Brazil, in
the.mine provinces, on the rocks of Mount Lenheiro, near St.
Joao d' El Rey and elsewhere ; also on the mountains ot Sin-
cora, in the province of Bahia. Flowers similar to those of the
preceding, except the calyx, which has the segments broader and
acute, and the strigse on the nerves of the leaves are more con-
spicuous than in the other parts, and the corolla is less pubes-
cent. Perhaps belonging to the first section Codondnthe.
Strigillose Hypocyrta. Shrub 1 to 1 J foot.
5 H. ciliosa (Mart. 1. c. p. 53.) hairy ; stem decumbent,
radicant ; leaves broad-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, a
little serrated ; flowers axillary, aggregate ; calyxes subulate,
purplish ; corollas campanulately tubular: lobes roundish, spread-
ing : lower one with bent in cilice. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in
the diocess of Japura, in woods at Manacuru. Stems rooting
on trees, terete, purplish. Corolla more than an inch long,
cream-coloured, pubescent ; tube calcarately gibbous at the
base behind, and widened upwards.
O7(ato/-Howered Hypocyrta. Shrub creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidopfiijlhim, p. 650.
IX. COLU'MNEA (a name given by Pluniier, in honour of
Fabius Columna, as he is commonly called, or Fahio Colonna, of
the noble family of Colonna, in Italy ; author of " Minus cog-
nitarum stirpium Ecphrasis," Rome, 1616; and " Phytoba-
sanos," 1 vol. 4to. Naples, 1592.) Plum. 33. Lin. gen. no.
792. Schreb. gen. no. 1060. Juss. gen. 121. ed. Usteri. p.
135. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 56. t. 224. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx inferior, 5-
parted. Corolla tubidar, straightish, gibbous behind at the
base, ringent : upper lip erect, arched : lower one trifid,
spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers connected with
the rudiment of a fifth behind. Glands 1-5 around the ovarium.
Berry 1 -celled ; placentas 2, parietal, 2-lobed. Seeds oblong.
— Stems flexile, erect, or scandent. Leaves decussately op-
posite, thickish, hairy, or pubescent, somewhat serrated. Pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, or crowded. Corollas scarlet.
1 C. sca'ndens (Lin. spec. 891.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated,
rather villous ; segments of calyx denticulated, and are, as well
as the corollas, pubescent; upper lip of corolla undivided. f? .
y^. S. Native of Guiana, and the West Indies, in humid, shady
woods, climbing upon trees. Jacq. amer. pict. t. 179. hort.
GESNERIACE^. IX. Columnea. X. Mitraria. XL Drymonia. XII. Kluoia.
653
vind. 3. p. 27. t. 48. Ker. bot. reg. 805.— Plum. gen. 28. t.
89. f. 1. Stem quadrangular. Leaves petiolate. Flowers
solitary. Corollas scarlet, melliferous, hairy. The plant is
called by the French in the West Indies Liane de Sirop.
} ar. ji ; flowers yellow ; fruit white. f? . ,^. S. Columnea
scandens flore lutescente, fructu albo, Plum. gen. 28.
Climbing Columnea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1759. Shrub
climbing.
2 C. hirsu'ta (Swartz, prod, 94. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1080.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, hairy above ; calyeine seg-
ments denticulated, and are, as well as the corollas, hairy. Pj .
^. S. Native of Jamaica, at the roots of trees on the mountains in
dense woods. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 566. — Archimenes, &c.
Browne, jam. 270. t. 30. f. 3.— Sloan, hist. 1. p. 157. t. 100. f.
1. Leaves petiolate. Corollas villous, purplish, or pale red.
Flowers usually twin.
//«//•?/ Columnea. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1780. Shrub climbing.
3 C. ru'tilans (Swartz, prod. p. 94. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 1083.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, denticulated, rather scabrous, hairy, and
coloured beneath ; calyeine segments jagged, and are, as well as
the corollas, villous, f; . ^. S. Native of the interior of Ja-
maica, on the trunks of trees, in dense woods. Corollas
reddish yellow.
/?«/-leaved Columnea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub
climbing.
4 C. HisPiDA (Swartz, prod. p. 94. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 1083.)
leaves ovate, obtuse, denticulated, hairy ; calyeine segments
lanceolate, entire, pilose ; stem pilosely scabrous. fj . S. Na-
tive of the West of Jamaica, on shady rocks. Calyx blood-
red. Corolla scarlet. ? Fruit white.
Hispid Columnea. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
5 C. ova'ta (Cav. icon. 4. p. 62. t. 391.) stems creeping and
scandent ; leaves ovate, crenated, rather hispid above, and some-
what tomentose beneath. fj . ^. S. Native of San Carlos de
Chiloe. Peduncles terminal, solitary. Calyeine segments tri-
dentate. Corolla scarlet, beset with white hairs. Capsule 2-
celled, ex Cav.
Oin^e-leaved Columnea. Shrub creeping.
6 C. ScHiEDEANA (Schlecht, in LinuEea, 8. p. 249.) stems
simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, clothed with silky
villi ; calyeine segments ovate-lanceolate, entire, and are, as well
as the corollas, spotted and villous. 1/ . S. Native of Mexico,
on old trees near Misantla, and near the Hacienda de La
Laguna. Stems nodose, smoothish at bottom, but clothed witli
purplish villi at top. Leaves on short petioles, largest ones 5
inches long, and 1 J broad. Corolla 2 inches long, clothed with
glandular villi, variegated with yellow and brown. Berry glo-
bose, white. Seeds oblong, acutish at both ends.
Schiede's Columnea. Shrub.
N.B. What is C. stellata, Loir. coch. p. 384.?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rylidophtjllum, p. 650.
X. MITRA'RIA (from /jirpa, mitra, a mitre; in reference to
the mitre-formed bractea whicli covers the calyx.) Cav. icon.
6. p. 57. t. 579. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 66,
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx inferior ; limb
5-parted, equal, calyculated by a 2-lobed, mitre-formed bractea.
Corolla tubularly-ventricose ; upper lip of limb 2-lobed ; lower
one 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted, with the rudi-
ment of a fifth behind; anthers free. Berry 1 -celled, many-
seeded. — Habit of Columnea. Stems scandent. Leaves ovate,
acute, serrated. Flowers axillary. Corollas scarlet.
1 M. cocciNEA (Cav. 1. c.) (7 . ^. S. Native of San Carlos
de Chiloe.
iScar/e^-flowered Mitraria. Shrub scandent.
Cull. For culture and propagation see liylidophijllum, p. 650.
XI. DRYMO'NIA (from cpvpoc, drymos, an oak wood ; in
allusion to the plant growing on trees in woods.) Mart. nov.
gen. bras. 3. p. 57. — Gesneria species, Jacq. et Kunth.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx free, oblique,
5-leaved ; leaflets imbricate, 2 interior. Corolla oblique, cam-
panulately sub-ringent, gibbous at the base behind ; throat
spreading ; upper lip 2-lobed ; lower one 3-lobed. Stamens 4,
didynamous, without any rudiment of a fifth ; anthers free.
Hypogynous disk, bearing an ovate gland behind. Capsule
baccate, ovate, coriaceous, 1 -celled, 2-valved ; placentas 2, pari-
etal, bilamellate. Seeds numerous, fusiform. — Shrubs climbing,
and fixed by strong roots to trees, or lying upon the earth.
Stems flexile, nearly terete, with a shining epidermis, inordi-
nately branched. Leaves opposite, petiolate, serrated, pubes-
cent from simple hairs, like all the herbaceous parts of the plant,
thickish. Peduncles axillary, solitary, shortish, bractless. Co-
rollas large, painted.
1 D. calcara'ta (Mart. 1. c. p. 58. t. 22 1.) leaves ovate,
rounded at the base, cordate, acute at the apex, and are, as well
as the obliquely cordate-ovate, toothed segments of the calyx,
downy ; segments of corolla denticulated ; anthers spurred at the
base. T2 . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro,
along the river Japura, on trees. Corolla large, white, striped
with yellow, and spotted with purple. Calyx large.
Spuired-anthered Drymonia. Shrub climbing.
2 D. specta'bilis (Mart. 1. c. p. 59.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, obsoletely toothed, clothed with adpressed pili; calyeine
segments ovate-oblong, obsoletely denticulated, clothed with
adpressed hairs ; segments of corolla crenulated, fringed, ex
Bonpl. fj • '^. Native of New Granada, in woods on tlie banks
of the river Smitha, between Villa La Sequia and the town of
Popayan, at the altitude of 600 hexapods. Leaves 2-3 inches
long. Corolla large, white, campanulate, downy outside ; limb
reddish.
Showy Drymonia. Shrub climbing.
3 D. jACQufNi ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends,
hairy, toothed ; calyeine segments serrated ; limb of corolla
sharply serrulated. fj . S. Native of the West Indies. Bes-
leria serrulata, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 21. t. 290. Leaves
hairy, greenish above, and brownish purple beneath. Calyx
large green. Corolla cream-coloured.
Jacquin s Yitymoma.. Fl. ? Clt. 1806. Shrub climbing.
4 D. ? grandiflora ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cre-
nated, densely pilose above, villous beneath, as well as on the
branchlets ; peduncles axillary, elongated, many-flowered ; ca-
lyeine segments ovate-oblong, acute, quite entire, densely pilose ;
corollas campanulate, villous ; throat open. ^ . S. Native of
New Granada, in humid woods between Paramo de San Fortu-
nato and Fusagasuga, at the altitude of 1000 hexapods. Bes-
leria grandiflora, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 401.
Leaves purplish beneath. Calyx purplish. Corolla campanu-
late, sub-gibbous at the base, villous outside, white, and glabrous
inside : limb bilabiate, spotted with red. Anthers cohering
cruciately with the rudiment of a fifth stamen.
Great-Jlowered Drymonia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidophyllum, p. 650.
XII. KLU-GIA (named after Fr. Klug, M.D.) Schlecht, in
Linnsea, 8. p. 248.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx free. i)enta-
gonally 5-winged, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular : limb bilabiate :
upper lip large, roundish entire: lower one small, 3-lobed.
Stamens 4, nearly equal, without any rudiment of a filih. An-
thers approximating by pairs. Hypogynous disk narrow, glan-
dular. Capsule membranous, free, 2-valved ; placentas I,
()5l.
GESNERIACEiE. XII. Klugia. XIII. Tapina. XIV. Nematanthus. XV. Alloplectus.
liilamellate. Seeds numerous, cylindrical. — An lierb with al-
ternate leaves, and somewhat grumose from minute down. Leaves
unequal-sized. Flowers disposed in a terminal raceme. Hab.t
of a species of Ciiphea.
1 K. azu'rea (Sclileclit, 1. c.) %. S. Native of Mexico,
at Cueste grande de Cliiconquiaco. Root creeping. Stems
simple, or branched, roughish from minute, spreading, stift'
hairs. Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated, vertical, entire, or
repand, or obsoletely and siniiately-toothed, bluntish at the base,
green above, and beset with short, thick, rufous hairs, paler
beneath, and clothed with somewhat grumose, minute down ;
largest ones 4-5 inches long. Racemes usually solitary, downy.
Corolla blue, l| inch long. Capsule elliptic, attenuated at both
ends, 1 -celled.
^a;!(re-flovvered Klugia. PI. s to 1 foot.
Cull. For culture and propagation see RytidophjUum, p. 650.
XIII. TAPTNA (from TairtLvoc, tapcinns, humble; dwarf
plants.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 59.
Lin. syst. Dldynamia, Angiospirima. Calyx free, 5-part-
ed, unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped, sub-ringent, gibbous in
front at the base ; tube coarsely ventricose behind ; throat con-
tracted ; limb erect; upper lip 2-lobed ; lower one 3-lobed.
.Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth behind ;
anthers cohering. Hypogynous ring swelling into a gland
behind. Capsule ovate, coriaceous, 1 -celled, 2-valved ; pla-
centas 2, ])arietal, bilamellate. Seeds numerous, oblong. —
Stems simple, or branched, rising from an underground tuber,
and, like all the herb, soft and fleshy. Leaves petiolate, oppo-
site. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, solitary, rarely twin.
1 T. BARBATA (Mart. 1. c. p. 60. t. 225. f. 1.) stem branch-
ed ; leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, acute, toothed ; segments of calyx cordately sub-deltoid ;
corolla hairy outside. 1^. S.
Native of Brazil, in the mine FIG. 69.
)>rovinces, in dense woods near
Almada ; and in like marshy
places on the road to Felisbert.
Gesneria barbata, Nees, et
Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 11.
p. 48. Stems decumbent, throw-
ing out roots at the base. Co-
rolla white, suffused with red
inside, above an inch long, much
inflated below, (f. 6!'. a.)
jBean/trf-flowered Tapina. PI.
decumbent.
2 T. pusi'lla (Mart. 1. c. p.
Gl. t. 225. f. 2.) stem simple, an
inch high ; leav es orbicularly-
ovate, obtuse, crenated ; caly-
cine segments triangular ; corolla downy outside. T; . S. Na-
tive of the province of Rio Janeiro, in shady woods on Serra
d' Estrella, Beyrich. Tuber size of a pea. Corolla 4-lines
long, white, ventricose in the throat below.
Least Tapina. PI. 1 inch.
Cult. For culture and propagation see RyUdophyllum, p. 650.
XIV. NEMATA'NTHUS (from r,,ji,o, nema, a thread; and
avQoQ, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the flowers being hairy.)
Schrad. in gott. gel. anz. 1821. 1. p. 719. Maximil. reise bras.
2. p. 108. and a43. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 46.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx free, deeply
5-parted, oblique. Corolla inferior, canipanulately funnel-
shaped, oblique, gibbous at the base behind ; throat spreading ;
limb equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, with a small
rudiment of a fifth, or without ; anthers cohering. Hypogynous
ring swollen into an oblong gland behind. Capsule ))yramidal,
coriaceous, 1 -celled, 2-valved ; placentas 2, parietal, bilamellate.
Seeds numerous, oblong. — Shrubs with simple, or irregularly
branched stems, furnished with shining, cinereous epidermis,
tumid at the nodi, climbing upon trees, and adhering to them
by their roots. Leaves opposite, petiolate, thickish. Gem-
mation naked, with complicate leaves. Pedimcles axillary, 1-
flowered, bractless, very long and filiform, pendulous. Corollas
large, showy, scarlet.
1 N. chlorone\ia (Mart. 1. c. p. 47. t. 219.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; calyxes and peduncles 2-4
inches long, green, clothed with white hairs. Pj ■ S. Native
of the province of Rio Janeiro, in shady parts of woods on
Mount Corcovado; and on Serra dos Orgaos. Leaves reddish
beneath, or pale, glabrous, or ciliated. Calyx 1 to 1| inch long,
with glandularly denticulated margins. Corollas large, 2 inches
long, scarlet, beset with white hairs outside. Filaments white.
Green-threaded Nematanthus. .Shrub climbing.
2 N. Jone'ma (Schrad. 1. c.) leaves broad-lanceolate, acu-
minated at both ends ; calyx of a violaceous colour, clothed
with hoary villi ; peduncles 6 to 12 inches long, clothed with
violaceous and white villi. 1^ . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in
woods between Ilheos and St. Petro de Alcantara. Habit of
the preceding. Calyx obscurely violaceous ; segments shorter
and narrower, hoary from white hairs. Corolla scarlet, a little
smaller, beset with scattered, minute hairs.
V'wlet-threadcd Nernatanthus. Shrub climbing.
Crill. For culture and propagation see Rytidophyllum, p. 650.
XV. ALLOPLE'CTUS (from aXXof, alios, diverse; and
■K\fKui, plcco, to plait ; the calyx appears as if it was plaited in
diverse directions.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 53. — Crantzia,
Scop. — Orobanche species, Vellos. in Vand. script, t. 7. f. 18. —
Gesneria species, Lin., Aubl., Swartz, and Kunth.
LiN. SYST. Dldynamia, Angiospirmia. Calyx free, coloured,
5-cleft ; segments imbricate, more or less combined, 2 interior.
Corolla inferior, tubular or club-shaped, straightish ; limb short,
5-lobed or 5-toothed. Stamens 4, didynamous, with a small
rudiment of a fifth from the base of the tube. Hypogynous
ring swollen into a gland behind. Capsule baccate, ovate, coria-
ceous, 1-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, oblong. — Shrubs
cliinbing on trees, and adhering to them by the roots, or by the
clasping of the branches. Stems somewliat tetragonal above,
and somewhat thickened at the nodi, rather flexile, and filled
with medulla. Branches opposite. Leaves opposite, one in
each pair smaller than the other, petiolate, fleshy, with scattered
or decumbent, or erect down, the under surface generally red-
dish. Gemmation naked, with the young leaves complicate, vil-
lous, or hairy. Flowers axillary or many, aggregate, nearly
sessile or racemose, furnished with coloured bracteas, or soli-
tary, on long peduncles. Calyxes and bracteas scarlet or blood
red. Corolla yellow. The species inhabit the humid parts of
woods in tropical America, in which they are great ornaments to
the trees, from the vivid colour of the calyxes and bracteas.
1 A. sPARSiFLORUs (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 55. t. 223. f.
1.) leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the base,
acuminated, beset with fine strigae ; flowers nearly sessile, ax-
illary, aggregate, or scattered ; bracteas smaller than the orbi-
cularly triangular segments of the calyx, which are, as well as
the bracteas, of a deep blood colour, and almost quite entire ;
limb of corolla villous, 5-toothed. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Rio Janeiro, climbing upon rocks and trees, in
shady humid places near Corrego Seco, and elsewhere on Serra
dos Orgaos ; as well as on Serra de St. Geraldo, in the mine
1
GESNERIACEiE. XV. Alloi-lectus. XVI. Eiiscia.
655
provinces. Leaves 3-7 inches long, reddish beneath. Corolla
yellow.
Scattered-Jiowcrcd AUopIectns. Shrnb climbing.
2 A. ciucina'tus (Mart. 1. c p. 50. t. 223. f. 2.) leaves ob-
long or broad-oblong, attenuated at the base, acuminated, finely
strigillose ; racemes axillary ; peduncles nodulose ; bracteas
larger than the oblong, ealycine segments, and are, as well as
them, deep purple, and almost quite entire; limb of corolla
villous, shortly 5-lobed, revolute. f; . ^. S. Native almost
throughout Brazd, in moist parts of woods, climbing upon trees.
Bcsleria hirtella, Schott. in oestr. mcd. jahrb. 42. p. 8. ? Co-
rollas yellow.
Circiiuite AUoplectus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
climbing.
3 A. Hi'si'iDUS (Mart. 1. c. p. 57.) leaves oblong-elliptic,
acute, serrately crenated, hispid ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
1 -flowered ; ealycine segments ovate-lanceolate, sharply ser-
rated, hispid ; bracteas unknown. T? . S. Native of New
Granada, in humid places on the Andes of Popayan, and in the
valley of the river l\Iayo, between Mamendoy and the town of
Pasto, at the altitude of 1040 hexapods. Besl^ria hispida, H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 399. Branches wartcd, his-
pid, while young. Leaves 2 inches long, and 1 broad. Corolla
yellow, hispid from pili ; limb oblique, 5-cleft, reflexed. Said
to be nearly allied to BesJeria cristata.
Hispid AUoplectus. Shrub climbing.
4 A. KuNTHii ; leaves ovate-oblong, subacuminated, denticu-
lated, pilose above, and pilosely pubescent beneath, and pur-
plish ; peduncles axillary, few together, 1 -flowered ; ealycine
segments ovate, acuminated, denticulated, pilose, purplish ;
bracteas unknown, h^ . ^. S. Native of New Granada, in
shady places on the Andes, about Quindiu, and near the Villa
La Erre ; and in the plains of Sacandonoy, between the town of
Almaguer and Pasto, at the altitude of 1000 to 1200 hexapods.
Besleria bicolor, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2, p. 398.
Branches hispid, subtetragonal. Corolla hairy, yellow, purple
on the back, and somewhat gibbous at the base ; limb somewhat
5-cleft, and sub-bilabiate.
Kunllis AUoplectus. Shrub climbing.
5 A. ? calcara'tus ; leaves oblong, subacuminated, crenately
serrated at apex, pilose ; peduncles axillary, 2-4-flowered; calyx
hairy, with oblong, acuminated, denticulated, coloured segments ;
limb of corolla 5-lobed ; bracteas unknown. Tj • '''• Native of
the Andes of Quindiu, near La Pamilla, at the altitude of 1 130
hexapods. Besleria calcarata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
2. p. 399. Branches fuscous, pilose, hispid while young. Co-
rolla orange-yellow, glabrous, tubularly calceolate, spurred
above at the base, and saccately inflated under the lower lip ;
spur short, straight, obtuse ; throat constricted ; lobes of limb
rounded : 2 superior ones larger.
Spurred-doviereA AUoplectus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
6 A. SANGUINEUS (Matt. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, acumi-
nated, toothed, furnished with a few adpressed hairs, marked
with purple spots beneath ; flowers axillary, sessile ; ealycine
segments deeply serrated, very hairy, coloured, ^i. S. Native
of St. Domingo, and the Antilles; of New Granada, on Mount
Quindiu, near El Passo del Machin, at the altitude of 1030 hex-
apods. Besleria sanguinea, Pers. syn. 2. p. 165. Dalbergaria
phoenicea, Tussac. ant. 1. p. Ifl. t. 30. Calyxes more jagged
than serrated. Corolla tubular, villous, gibbous, sub-bilabiate,
ex Pers. ; rudiment of a fifth stamen wanting.
Bloody-ca\ys.ed AUoplectus. Shrub climbing. ?
7 A. crista'tus (Mart. 1. c.) leaves ovate, serrated; pedun-
cles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ; bracteas cordate, toothed,
sessile, scarlet, as well as the ealycine segments, which are ser-
rated ; corolla hairy outside ; lobes rounded, entire. h . ^. S.
Native of Guiana and Martinico, in humid woods. Besleria
cristata, Lin. syst. p. 408. Aubl. guian. 2. p. 637. Swartz,
obs. 232. Jacq. amer. p. 188. t. 119. Mill. diet. no. 3.—
Plum. gen. 29, with a figure. Corolla yellowish.
CVe^^erf-calyxed AUoplectus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739.
Shrub climbing.
8 A. cocci'neus (Mart. I. c.) leaves ovate, glabrous, stiflT, a
little toothed ; peduncles axillary, bearing 3-6 flowers in an um-
bel at top ; bracteas 2, at the division of the common peduncle,
orbicularly cordate, toothed, scarlet, like the ealycine segments,
which are serrated. f? . ,^; S. Native of Guiana, in marshy
parts of woods. Besleria coccinea, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 632. t.
255. Corolla and fruit yellow.
Scarlel-caU-Ked AUoplectus. Fl. ? Clt. 1819. Shrub
climbing.
9 A. ScHOTTii; leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, pubes-
cent ; flowers axillary, crowded, nearly sessile ; calyxes red,
denticulated, roundish ; limb of corolla, which is clavate, erect-
ish. h. ^. S. Native of Brazil. Besleria bicolor, Schoti.
in oestr. med. jahrh. 4. 2. p. 8. Besleria dichrous, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 840.
Schott's AUoplectus. Shrub climbing.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidophyllum, p. 650.
XVI. EPI'SCIA (from iiri, epi, upon; and o-Kia, scia, a
shadow ; so named because the species delight in shady places.).
Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 39. Besleria species of authors.
Lin. syst. Didynumia, Angiospermia. Calyx free, 5-cleft
or 5-parted. Corolla inferior, funnel-shaped ; tube straightish,
gibbous behind at the base ; limb 5-lobed. .Stamens 4, didy-
namous, furnished with the rudiment of a fifth behind, which
rises from the base of the tube. Hypogynous ring swelling
into a gland behind. Capsule nearly globose, membranous, 2-
valved ; placentas 2, parietal, bilamellate. Seeds numerous,
oblong. — Soft, juicy, glabrous, or villous, decumbent herbs,
rooting upon the earth or decayed trees. Leaves opposite, peti-
olate ; the middle nerve prominent beneath, and with the veins
thick, anastomosing, and juicy. Flowers axillary, solitary, or
in little cymes, and bracteate, of various colours.
1 E. DECUMBENS (Mart. 1. c. p. 40. t. 21G.) plant smooth-
ish ; stems decumbent and creeping ; leaves oblong, subcordate
at the base, acute, crenated ; cymes axillary and terminal ; calyx
about half as long as the corolla, with lanceolate, acuminated
subserrated segments; lobes of corolla quite entire. %. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in marshy parts
of dense woods, along the river Japura, &c., creeping on the
trunks of decayed trees. Leaves S-5 inches long, reddish be-
neath. Corolla white, \\ inch long.
Decumbent Episcia. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
2 E. re'i'tans (Mart. 1. c. p.
41 . t. 2 1 7.) plant pilosely hairy ; FIG. 70.
stem sarmentose,radicant ; leaves
ovate, obtuse, crenated ; pedun-
cles solitary, axillary, 1-flower-
ed ; ealycine segments linear-
subspatulate, obtuse ; lobes of
corolla toothed. 1^.8. Native
of Brazil, in thickets along the
river Japura and elsewhere.
Leaves whitish beneath. Corolla
scarlet, hairy outside, (fig. 70.)
Creeping Epi-scia. PI. creep-
ing.
3 E. MELITTIFOLIA (Mart. 1.
c. p. 42.) pilose ; stem erect ;
leaves ovate, acutish at both
656
GESNERIACE^E. XVI. Episcia. XVII. Tromsdorffia. XVIII. jEschynanthus.
ends, coarsely crenated ; cymes axillary and terminal ; calyx
nearly equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; calycine seg-
ments lanceolate, acuminated, subserrated ; lobes of corolla
quite entire. %. S. Native of Guiana and the Antilles. Bes-
leria melittifblia, Lin. spec. p. 862. Aubl. guian. 2. p. ti36.
Smith, exot. bot. 1. t. 54. Besleria melissae Tragi folio. Plum,
gen. p. 29. t. 5. icon. t. 48. Corolla purple. Capsule globose,
size of a large pea, and, without doubt, 2-valved, but probably
baccate from the umbilical funicles being long and fleshy. Seeds
as in E. reptans.
Balm-leaved Epi^cia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1
to 3 feet.
4 E. ? pulche'lla (Mart. 1. c.) stem erect ; leaves oblong-
ovate, wrinkled, crenated, running into the petioles, which are
connate ; cymes axillary ; calyx pentagonal, coloured ; lobes of
corolla entire : lower ones the largest. Tl- S. Native of Tri-
nidad. Besleria pulchella, Donn, hort. cant. p. 140. Sims,
bot. mag. 1146. Besleria umbellata. Herb. Banks. Bracteas
y, opposite, under the corymbs. Calyx scarlet ; segments ser-
rated. Corolla yellow, striped with red. This differs from the
other species of Episcia, in the calyx being tubular and 5-
toothed, and of a reddish colour. The rudiment of the fifth
stamen wanting. It is said to be nearly allied to Besleria lutea,
and B. coccinea, Lin. but is probably a species of Alloplectus.
iV«/< Episcia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. Fur culture and propagation see Rytidophtjllum, p. 650.
Tribe II.
CyiiTANDRA"cE/E (this tribe agrees with the genus Cyrt6ndra
in the characters given below.) Calyx inferior. Fruit capsu-
lar and baccate, superior. Seeds exalbuminous.
Sublribe I.
Trichospore/E (the plants contained in this tribe agree with
the genus yEschtjnanthus, in the seeds being furnished with hairs
at ends.) Blum, bijdr. 779. Fruit capsular, siliquose. Seeds
pendulous, expanded at both ends, or only at the base or apex,
into a setaceous or membranous wing.
XVII. TROMSDORFFIA (named in honour of J. B.
Tromsdorff, who has written various works on the use of many
plants, as well as analyzing their chemical parts.) Blum, bijdr.
p. 762.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, 4-5-
cleft ; segments equal. Corolla funnel-shaped, widened up-
wards, with an unequal, somewhat bilabiate limb. Stamens 4,
2 of which only bear anthers ; anthers 2-celled, cohering ; cells
equal in their insertion. Stigma broad, somewhat bilamellate.
Capsule silique-formed, elongated, falsely 4-celled, 2-valved ;
lobes of the dissepiment, which is contrary, bearing the seeds on
the margins, which are revolute. Seeds minute, pendulous, ex-
panded at the base into a membranous wing. — Erect or radicant
shrubs, with opposite or alternate, serrated leaves, and elon-
gated, axillary peduncles. This genus is nearly allied to Didy-
mocirpus, from which it differs in the seeds being furnished
with a membranous wing at the base.
1 T. sPECiosA (Blum, bijdr. p. 763.) stem erect; leaves op-
posite, nearly equal, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, unequally
toothed, clothed with rough hairs above, downy beneath ; pe-
duncles crowded, bifid, or sometimes dichotomous ; flowers
diandrous, Jj . S. Native of Java, on the west side of the
island, on the banks of rivers. Flowers showy, iiaving tiie lube
of a deep violet colour at bottom, and the throat sulphur-colour-
ed. Filaments 4, villous at top.
Showy Tromsdorflia. Fl. Year. Shrub erect.
2 T. ? elonga'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 765.) stem climbing, radi-
cant ; leaves alternate, or the opposite one is very small, ellip-
tic, attenuated at both ends, doubly serrated, downy; peduncles
solitary, very long, bearing a many-flowered umbel at top ; sta-
mens didynamous. Ij . ^. S. Native of the Moluccas. The
fruit has not been seen, but the structure of the ovarium and
ovula agree with those of the first species.
Elongated Tromsdorffia. Shrub climbing.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidophijllum, p. 650.
XVIII. ^SCHYNA'NTHUS (from aierx"*''^. aischuno, to
be ashamed ; and avdoQ, anihos, a flower.) Jack, in Lin. trans.
14. p. 42. t. 2. f. 3. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 55. t. 71. — Tri-
chosporum, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 124. Blum, bijdr. p.
763. Incavlllea species of Roxb.
LiN. sYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx ventricosely
tubular, 5 -cleft. Corolla tubular, incurved, with a dilated,
campanulate throat, and an oblique, sub-bilabiate limb. Sta-
inens 4, didynamous, exserted, usually with the rudiment of a
fifth; anthers at first conniving by pairs ; cells parallel. Stigma
excavated, somewhat funnel-shaped. Capsule long, silique-
formed, 2-valved, falsely 4-celled. Seeds small, generally sca-
brous from papillae ending in a bristle-like tail at both ends. —
Twining, radicant, parasitical shrubs ; with opposite, simple,
entire leaves, and axillary and terminal, few-flowered, umbellate
peduncles.
1 IE. RADi'cANS (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 43.) stem radi-
cant ; leaves ovate or oval, acute, sometimes almost cordate at
the base, villous in the young state, veinless ; iieduncles axil-
lary, sometimes terminal, 2-flowered, villous, bibracteate ; ca-
lyxes villous. ^ . v^. S. Native of Java and Sumatra, in
woods, rooting on old trees. Trichosporum radicans, Nees, ex
Blum, bijdr. p. 764. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Flowers droop-
ing. Corolla of a crimson colour, and villous outside, and sul-
phur coloured inside. The rudiment of the sterile stamen very
small.
Radicant ^schynanthus. Shrub climbing.
2 iE. volu'bilis (Jack. 1. c. p. 42.) stem twining ; leaves
oval, acute at both ends, glabrous, with indistinct nerves ; pe-
duncles axillary, 2-flowered, bibracteate ; pedicels longer than
the peduncle ; calyxes glabrous. 1; . '^. S. Native of the
neighbourhood of Bencoolen. The axils of the leaves are some-
times furnished with a flower-bearing branchlet, which has the
appearance of a many-flowered peduncle. Corolla crimson -
coloured.
Twining ^schynanthus. Shrub twining.
3 !E. pu'lcher ; stem radicant; leaves lanceolate, rounded
at the base ; peduncles 2-flowered, bibracteate, disposed in
axillary and terminal fascicles. ^ . ^- S. Native of Java,
along with /E. radicans. Trichosporum pulchrum, Blum, bijdr.
764. Corollas scarlet.
Fair jEschynanthus. Fl. Year. Shrub creeping.
4 /E. GRANDiFLORUs ; Stem radicant ; leaves long-lanceolate,
nerveless ; umbels terminal, many-flowered ; lobes of corolla
rounded, nearly equal. 1^ . ^. S. Native of the East of Ben-
gal, in forests of Silhet, and on the Garrow hills, creeping upon
trees. IncarvlUea parasitica, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 291. fl. ind. 3.
p. 112. Trichosporum grandiflorum, D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. and prod. fl. nep. p. 125. Flowers large, drooping, co-
lour of a beautiful mixture of orange and crimson, size of those
o( Digitalis. Segments of calyx ovate. Style exserted.
Greal-Jlmvered jEschynanthus. Shrub creeping.
5 jE. parviflorus ; stem radicant; leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated, nerved ; umbels terminal, few-flowered ; superior lobes
of corolla shorter, and acutish. f? . ,^. S. Native of Lower
Nipaul, creeping on the trunks of trees. Trichosporum parvi-
GESNERIACE^-. XVIII. jEsciiynantiius. XIX. Lysionotus. XX. Agalmyla.
65^
florum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 125. This species differs
from the preceding, in the flowers being not one-third the size ;
in tiie segments of the calyx being hnear ; in the 2 superior
lobes of corolla bting shorter, and acutish ; and, lastly, in the
leaves being twice as broad, shorter, and nerved ; as well as in
the style being inclosed.
Small-Jlowcred ^schynanthus. Shrub creeping.
6 JE.. oBLONGiFOLius ; downy ; stem thick, tetragonal ; leaves
unequally ovate-oblong, acimiinated, downy, serrulated ; cymes
axillary. I7 . S. Native of Chittagong, in mountain valleys
common. Incarvillea oblongifolia, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 112.
Peduncles solitary, dichotomous, with a flower in each fork ;
and each division bearing 3-6 flowers, all very villous. Corollas
large, like those of Marttjiua diandra, colour a mixture of
whitish-red, tinged with yellow : one pair of the filaments
slender and abortive ; the fertile pair thick and villous, bearing
large 2-lobed anthers. The capsule is shorter and thicker than
in the preceding species. The seeds are flat, and winged by a
membranous margin all round. Perhaps a new genus.
Oblung-Ieaied jEschynanthus. Shrub.
7 JE. RAMosi'ssiMA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 55. t. 71.)
stem much branched, radicant ; leaves oblong, acuminated ;
umbels terminal, many-flowered ; corolla subclavate, clothed
with glandular down. t; . ^. S. Native of Nipaul, in woods,
creeping upon trees and on
FIG. 71.
rocks. Capsule l-angled, and
4-furrowed, compressed, 10
inches long, 1-celled, 4-valved.
Seeds sometimes terminated by
2 bristles at apex, and ending
in one at tlie base. Calyx tubu-
lar, 5-toothed. Corolla curved :
lower lip 4-cleft : upper one
bifid. Stigma clavate, piano
convex at top. Corolla orange-
coloured, reddish above. Very
nearly allied to JE. grandi-
fdrus (fig. 71.)
Much-branched jEschynan-
thus. Shrub creeping.
Cult. For culture and pro-
pagation see RijtldophyHum, p.
650.
XIX. LYSIONO'TUS (from Xvw, luo, to release ; and cwroc,
notos, the back ; in reference to the capsule opening with elas-
ticity from the dorsal suture.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 7.
p. 86. prod. fl. nep. p. 124. Blum, bijdr. 764. Incarvillea
species. Wall. — Chirita, Hamilt. mss.
Lin. syst. Didynamla, Ang'tospermia. Calyx deeply 5-
cleft or 5-parted, equal. Corolla tubular, incurved, with a
dilated campanulate throat, and oblique, bilabiate, 5-lobed limb.
Stamens 4, inclosed : 2 upper ones sterile, and shorter : and
the 2 lower ones antheriferous ; anthers linear, combined ; cells
parallel. Stigma capitate, sometimes funnel-shaped, with an
excavated disk. Capsule long, silique-formed, 2-valved, falsely
4-celled, opening with elasticity from the dorsal suture. Seeds
small, oblong-terete, muricated, ending in a hair at both ends, as
in JEschynanlhus. — Terrestrial or parasitical, glabrous, peren-
nial herbs, with creeping roots and stems. Leaves opposite or
verticillate, simple. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1 -flow-
ered, solitary, or in fascicles, furnished with two opposite, in-
volucral leaves at the base, and bibracteate in the middle.
1 L. serra'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) root creeping ; stems erect,
glabrous, rather fleshy ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate,
VOL. IV.
acuminated, coriaceous, serrated, reticulately veined ; corymbs
pedunculate, 5-10-flowered, below the top of the stem. %. S.
Native of Nipaul, upon trunks of trees and on rocks. L. ter-
nifolia, Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 2. t. 118. Chirita ternifolia,
Hamilt. mss. Plant glabrous. Peduncles verticillate or oppo-
site, like the leaves. Corymbs twice or thrice trichotomous,
furnished with 2 opposite bracteas under each division. Seeds
terminated by a long simple hair at each end. Corollas large,
pale blue.
ScrratcdAesMsA Lysionotus. PI. 1 foot.
2 L. ANGUSTiFOLtus (Blum. bijdr. p. 7G5.) stem radicant ;
lower leaves opposite : superior ones subverticillate, linear-lan-
ceolate, bluntish, veinless ; axillary flowers solitary : terminal
ones aggregate. %. . S. Native of Java, near Buitenzorg, creep-
ing upon trees. Bignonia angustifolia, Blum. hort. buit. p. 82.
bat. verb. 9. p. 194. Trichosporum angustifblium, Blum, in
l)ot. zeit. no. 9. 1825.
Narrow-leaved Lysionotus. Fl. Year. PI. creeping.
3 L. a'lbidus (Blum, bijdr. p. 765.) stem radicant ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, rather crenulated, glabrous, veinless ; pedun-
cles disposed in axillary and terminal fascicles; bracteas minute,
subulate. 1/ . S. Native of Java, in the western provinces, in
woods, where it is called Mcngando-Manjal. Bignonia albida,
Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 81. bat. verb. 9. p. 195. Thichospo-
rum albidum, Blum. bot. zeit. no. 9. 1825. Flowers whitish.
Whhhh-^o\\e\cA Lysionotus. PI. creeping.
4 L. LONGiBLORUs (Blum. bijdr. p. 766.) stem radicant ;
leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, long-acitmi-
nated, quite entire, almost veinless, glabrous ; flowers disposed
in terminal fascicles. %. S. Native of Java, in the provinces
ofTjanjor, Buitenzorg; and Bamt;im, in woods on the moun-
tains.
far. ji ; leaves narrower. 1/ . S. Native of Java, among
the elevated woods of Mount Gede, upon old trees.
Long-Jlowered Lysionotus. Fl. Year. PI. creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidophyllum,
p. 650.
XX. AGALMY'LA (from ayaX/ia, agalma, an ornament ;
and vXr], hide, a wood ; the species are great ornaments to the
woods in which they grow wild.) Blum, bijdr. p. 766.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospirm'ia. Calyx 5-parted,
equal. Corolla tubular, incurved, with a dilated throat, and an
oblique, 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate limb. Stamens 5, exserted, of
w hich 2 or 4 are fertile ; anthers linear, connected, with parallel
cells. Sligma bilamellate. Capsule very long, silique-formed,
2-valved, falsely 4-celled. Seeds minute, ending in a hair at
both ends. — Climbing or radicant herbs, with simple leaves,
and axillary f;iscicles of flowers. This genus is nearly allied
to Lysionotus, from which it differs in the bilamellate stigma,
and in habit.
1 A. stami'nea (Blum, bijdr. 767.) stem radicant, and is, as
well as the petioles, hairy ; leaves alternate, oblong, acuminated,
denticulated, nearly equal at the base, -downy beneath and on
the edges ; flowers diandrous, disposed in axillary fascicles. 1!/ .
S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Justicia parasitica.
Lam. ill. 1. p. 42. Cyrtandra staminea, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 105.
Ijong-stnmened Agalmyla. PI. creeping.
2 A. ASPERiFOLiA (Bluui. bijdr. p. 767.) stem rather scan-
dent ; leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, denticulated,
nearly equal at the base, rather hispid ; flowers didynamous,
disposed in axillary fascicles. 7/ . S. Native of Java, in humid
parts of woods in the province ofTjanjor.
Rough-leaved Agalmyla. Fl. Aug. PI. climbing.
4P
658
GESNERIACEJi. XXI. Streptocarpus. XXII. Didymocarpus.
Cult. For culture and propagation see RytidophijUum,
p. fiSO.
Suhlnhe II.
DIDYMOCA'RPE/E (tlie plants contained in this subtribe
agree with the genus Didymocarpus, in the siliquose capsules
and naked seeds.) All as in Trichosporece, except the seeds,
which are not furnished with any hair at eitlier end.
XXI. STREPTOCA'RPUS (from arpeTTToe, sireplos, twist-
ed ; and icapTroG, carpos, a fruit ; the capsule is spirally twisted.)
(fig. 72. f.) Lindl. hot. reg.
Didymocarpus species,
FIG. 72.
1173.
Hook.
Lin. syst. Diandria, Mono-
gynia. Calyx 5-parted (fig. 72.
a.) Corolla tubularly funnel-
shaped ; throat ventricose ; limb
oblique, 5-lobed, nearly equal.
Stamens 4, the 2 anterior ones
fertile, and the 2 sterile ones
tubercle-formed (f. 72. d.) ;
anthers glabrous, connate (f.
72. c.) : cells divaricate. Style
compressed ; stigma bilabiately
dilated : lips reniform. Capsule
siliquose, spirally twisted ; pla-
centas bilamellate, conniving in
the middle ; margins revolute,
seminiferous. Seeds numerous,
minute, glabrous. — A tufted,
stemless lierb. Leaves wrinkled, flat on the ground. Peduncles
radical, 1 -flowered, bibracteate above the middle. Corollas
pale blue.
1 S. Re'xii (Lindl. 1. c.) i;. S. Native of South Africa,
in the lands of Mr. G. Rex, at the Knysna, where it was disco-
vered by Mr. Bowie. Didymocarpus Rexii, Hook. exot. fl. t.
227. Leaves ovate, crenated, 6-9 inches long, and 3-i broad.
Peduncles on the axils of the leaves. Corolla 2 inches long,
pubescent. (Fig. 72.)
/?ea:'s Streptocarpus. Fl. Year. Clt. 1824. ? PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A light rich earth or vegetable mould is a good soil for
this plant ; which is readily increased by division.
XXII. DIDYMOCA'RPUS (from Zi^vfxos, didymos, twin ;
and icapTTOc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the twin capsules.)
Wall, ex Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 32. D. Don, prod. fl.
nep. p. 122.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospvrmia. Calyx 5-cleft. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a ventricose throat; limb 5-lobed;
upper lip the shortest. Stamens 4, rarely 5, 2 of which
are antheriferous, inclosed : sterile ones very short ; anthers ad-
nate: cells transverse. Stigma lateral, flattish, obtuse. Cap-
sule silique-formed, falsely 4-celled, 2-valved ; valves opening
elastically from the dorsal suture. Lobes of dissepiment with
revolute, seminiferous edges. Seeds naked, pendulous, ovate.
Perennial, stemless, or caulescent herbs. Roots tufted, fibrous.
Leaves usually cordate, crenated, wrinkled, hairy. Stems or
scapes erect, simple. Flowers rose-coloured or purple, involu-
crated, disposed in dichotomous umbels.
^ 1. Scapi'ger*. Stemless, scapigerous plants, mith radical
leaves.
1 D. macrophy'lla (Wall, in litt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 122.) leaves cordate-oval, dentately serrated or crenated, vil-
lous above and nearly naked beneath ; scapes glabrous, much
shorter tlian the leaves ; involucra and involucels roundish,
quite entire, connate at the base ; calycine segments roundish.
11 . G. Native of Nipaul and Kamaon ; from Jurreepanee up-
wards, towards Mussooree, and near Simla. Royle, ill. himal.
t. 70. f. 2. Leaves large, usually solitary, 3-7 inches long, and
2g or 5 inches broad. Petioles .3-4 inches long. Scapes equal
in height to the petioles, rarely higher. Flowers and involu-
cels purple.
Long-leaved Didymocarpus. PL 5 to | foot.
2 D. cine'rea (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 122.) leaves cor-
date-oval, obtuse, unequally crenated, clothed with cinereous
tomentum above, as well as the petioles ; scapes mealy, few-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; involucra a little toothed,
and are, as well as the involucels, clothed with greyish tomen-
tum ; calycine segments ovate, acute. %. G. Native of Ni-
paul. Leaves I5 to 2 inches long, about equal in length to the
petioles, grey on both surfaces. Scapes filiform. Flowers
large, purple.
Cinereous Didymocarpus. PI. J foot.
3 D. plica'ta (D. Don, I. c.) leaves twin, nearly sessile, orbi-
cularly cordate, fleshy, rugosely plicate above, silky white, and
lacunosely veined beneath, with revolute edges ; scapes pubes-
cent, many-flowered. 1/ . G. Native of Nipaul. Root much
branched, fibrous, densely tufted. Leaves an inch long. Scapes
5 inches high.
P&ate-leaved Didymocarpus. PI. 5 foot.
§ 2. Caulescentes. Catilescent plants.
4 D. viLiosA (D. Don, I. c. p. 123.) stem 4-leaved, very
villous; leaves unequal, oval, petiolate, doubly crenated, clothed
with silky villi on both surfaces ; peduncles solitary, or twin,
many-flowered, glabrous, longer than the leaves ; calyxes
smooth, "if.. G. Native of Nipaul. Leaves 1-2 inches long,
rounded at the base : radical ones none. Segments of calyx
very short, rounded. Corolla large, purple.
Villous Didymocarpus. PI. 5 to -J^ foot.
5 D. OELONGA (Wall. pi. rar. aslat. 2. p. 34. t. 140. D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 123.)
FIG. 73.
stem furnished with 2-4 leaves
at top, woolly, or downy ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, or ovate-oblong,
acuminated, rather villous ; pe-
duncles terminal, crowded, twice
forked, vvith 2 sessile, cordate
sessile bracteas under each bi-
furcation, downy. 1^ . G. Na-
tive of Nipaul, among rocks on
Sheopore. Radical leaves none.
Leaves 2^ inches long, and be-
low an inch broad. Middle
pedicels 1 -flowered, and lateral
ones generally 2-flowered. Co-
rollas dark purple. Bracteas or
involucral leaves quite entire,
and are, as well as the calyxes,
coloured. (Fig. 73.)
Oblong-\ea.\eA Didymocarpus.
6 D. aroma'tica (Wall, in edinb. phil. journ. 1. p. 378. pi.
rar. asiat. 2. p. 31. t. 141. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 123.) stem
leafy, pubescent ; radical leaves few, pressed to the ground,
ovate-cordate, obtuse, crenated, on short petioles, the two lower
cauline ones broad-cordate, on long petioles, coarsely and
1
PI. i to i foot.
GESNERIACEiE. XXII. Didymocarius. XXIII. Chirata.
(J59
acutely footlied, and with two pairs of others at the top of the
stem, which are crowded, ovate, acutely toothed ; peduncles 2-3,
terminal, twice or thrice dichotonious or trichotomous ; central
pedicels twin, or solitary: terminal ones by tlirees. 1/. G.
Native of Nipaul and Kaniaon, on rocks and trunks of trees.
Plant pubescent. Bracteas or involucels cordate under each
division of the peduncles. Calyx campanulate, fiesiiy, bluntly 5-
toothed. Corollas purple. This species yields an aromatic
drug, which is in higli repute among the Hindoos, especially
their ladies, who use it as a perfume. It is called Kinnkuma,
also Rtini-Go'uidlii, and consists of the dried primordial leaves,
which are wrinkled, small ovate, covered with dense silvery,
soft hairs, intermixed with numerous brown, resinous dots.
When rubbed between the fingers they assume a reddish tinge.
Their fragrance is of a very delightful kind, and continues long
after they have been dried. The leaves of all the species pos-
sess in a greater or less degree a peculiar fragrance, which is
elicited by rubbing the green parts, but is entirely lost in the
dried slate, except in the present species.
Aromatic Didymocarpus. PI. -rr to 1 foot.
7 D. PRiMULiFOLiA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 123.) stem
downy, bearing 4 crowded leaves at top ; leaves cordate-oval,
petiolate, twice crenated, wrinkled and silky on both surfaces ;
peduncles twin, many-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes,
pilose ; bracteas or involucels roundish oval, mncronate, connate
at the base. It. G. Native of Nipaul. Radical leaves none.
Leaves very like those of Primula veris. Calycine segments
roundish. Corolla purple.
Primrose-leaved Didymocarpus. PI. 5 to i foot.
8 D. crini'ta (Jack. mal. misc. vol. 1. Lin. trans. 14. p.
33. t. 2. f. 2. a. i.) stem short, thick, erect ; leaves alternate,
long, spatulate, acute, serrated, pilose, red; peduncles 2-5 toge-
ther, axillary, 1 -flowered, cohering with the petioles at the base ;
calyx reddish, hairy. 1/ . S. Native of Pulo-Penang, in the
forests, where it is called Timmu by the natives. Root long,
tapering. The whole plant hairy. Leaves crowded, nearly
sessile, 9-10 inches long. Peduncles furnished each with 2
alternate bracteas. Corolla white, tinged with purple ; tube
incurved, swelling above ; limb sub-bilabiate. Anthers com-
posed of 2 divaricate, transverse lobes.
Long-haired Didymocarpus. PI. 1 foot with the leaves.
9 D. RACEMosA (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 34.) stem erect ;
leaves opposite, lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, doubly ser-
rated, glabrous above ; peduncles axillary, usually bifid ; flow-
ers racemose, disposed in two rows along the rachis. %. S.
Native of Sumatra, on the west coast at Tappanooly. Leaves
crowded, on short petioles, spreading about 9 inches long ; all
the nerves on the under surface, and the midrib on the upper,
pilose ; petioles short, stem-clasping. Peduncles covered with
purple, glandular hairs. Bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, ser-
rated, ciliated. Corolla white. Calyx reddish, hairy. Capsule
linear, hairy.
/facejHOic-flowered Didymocarpus. PI. i foot.
10 D. re'ptans (Jack. 1. c. p. 35.) prostrate, creeping ; leaves
petiolate, elliptic, crenulated ; peduncles 1-3 together, axillary,
1 -flowered. %. S. Native of Pulo-Penang, in the forests,
where .it is called Timmu- Kicliel by the Malays. Stem villous.
Leaves lying flat, slightly cordate, opposite, obtuse, covered v<ith
white hairs, rather reddish beneath. Petioles villous. Pedun-
cles furnished with bracteas near the summit. Corolla white,
funnel-shaped, somewhat irregular, similar to those of Z). crini^n.
Anthers approximate, reniforra, 2-celled. Disk surrounding
the ovarium, 5-toothed.
Crciping Didymocarpus. PI. creeping.
11 D. cobkicula'ta (Jack, 1. c. p. 3(j.) villous; stem erect ;
leaves alternate, obovate, acuminated, serrated ; flowers fastigi-
atc, secund ; peduncles solitary, axillary, elongated. %. S.
Native of Sumatra, at Tappanooly. Peduncles bearing several
dense fascicles of secund flowers, spreading in a kind of semi-
circle somewhat in the manner of Lotus corniculatus. Pedi-
cels and calyxes covered with glandular hairs. Bracteas linear,
acute. Corolla white, form of the genus ; anthers cohering ;
cells transverse. The capsules spreading horizontally like radii
in a semicircle, of which the peduncle is the axis.
Horned Didymocarpus. Pi. 1 to 2 feet.
12 D. barba'ta (Jack. 1. c. p. 38.) shrubby, erect; leaves
opposite, ovate, somewhat unequal sided, hairy ; peduncles slen-
der, axillary, fascicled, 2-C-flowered ; stamens 4, bearded at top,
2 of which are sterile ; calyx smooth, funnel-shaped. Ij . S.
Native of Sumatra. Branches scabrous. Leaves petiolate, en-
tire, strigose above. Peduncles bifid, or trifid, sometimes again
divided, so as to be dichotomous. At each division of the
peduncle is situated a funnel-shaped bracteal cup, apparently
composed of two opposite bracteas, which are united nearly
their whole length. In the axillse at the base of the peduncles
the bracteas are distinct and woolly. Mouth of calyx 5-cleft.
Corolla with nearly equal, rounded segments. Anthers with
transverse lobes. Stigma sublobate.
Beardcd-stamerted Didymocarpus. Shrub.
13 D. elonga*ta (Jack, 1. c. p. 37.) erect, pilose; leaves
opposiie, ovate, acute at both ends, serrated ; spikes axillary,
secund ; pedicels binate, remote ; calyx tomentose, as well as
the spike ; corolla elongated. 1^ . S. Native of Pulo Bintan-
gor, an island lying off' the west coast of Sumatra. Leaves
petiolate, papillose and pilose above, but villous beneath ; peti-
oles ciliated. Bracteas linear at the base of the pedicels. Co-
rolla tubular, a little curved, white, with a purplish tinge, slightly
tomentose; limb bilabiate : lower lip elongated. Stamens 4, all
fertile and didynamous ; anthers connected by pairs, 2-lobed,
reniform. Stigma thickened, emarginate.
Elongated- doviered Didymocarpus. PI. ^ foot.
14 D. frute'scens (Jack, mal. misc. vol. 1. Lin. trans. 1. c.
p. 39.) stem suffrutescent, erect; leaves opposite, on long peti-
oles, ovate- lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above,
canescent beneath ; flowers axillary, fascicled ; stamens didyna-
mous ; calyx tomentose, with glandular hairs. ^2 • S- Native of
Pulo Penang. Stem simple, densely covered with ferruginous,
adpressed scales, or chaffy hairs. Leaves slightly serrated, 8-10
inches long, tomentose beneath ; petioles villous. Peduncles
1-3-flowered, shorter than the petioles, purplish. Bracteas
lanceolate, acute. Calyx tubular, 5-parted. Corolla white,
tomentose, incurved ; segments obtuse. Anthers connected by
pairs, adnate, consisting of 2 nearly parallel lobes. Stigma
truncate.
Shrubby Didymocarpus. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Slreptocdrpus, p.
058.
XXIII. CHIRA'TA (altered from the vernacular name of
one of the species.) Hamilt. mss. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
89. Royle, ill. himal. t. 70. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 43. t.
50. — Calosacme, Wall. — Didymocarpus species. Wall.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx deciduous,
tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla tubular at the base, ventricose at top ;
limb campanulate, 5-lobed, bilabiate ; lobes rounded, imbricate
in aestivation. Stamens 2, antheriferons, inclosed, sometimes
without any rudiments of sterile ones, and sometimes with 3 ;
filaments glabrous ; anthers roundish, naked, adnate. Stigma
bipartite ; lobes linear, obtuse. Capsule siliquose, 2-celled,
4 1-2
660
GESNERIACE^. XXIII. Chirata. XXIV. Cyrtandra.
many-seeded ; dissepiment parallel. Seeds naked, acute at both
ends. — Perennial hairy herbs. Stems simple. Leaves opposite,
unequal in size. Peduncles axillary, opposite, bibructcate,
usually 1-flouered. Flowers large red, or purple.
1 C. urticifolia (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
90.) leaves elliptic, acute, nearly equal, serrated ; peduncles 1-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments linear-
lanceolate, obtuse. %. G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty.
Didymocarpus speciosus, Wall. mss. Stem ascending, rooting at
the base, tetragonal, hairy. Leaves often 4 inches long. Brac-
tea ovate-oblong, bluntish, remote from the flower. Flowers
reddish purple, size of those of Digitalis purpUrca.
Nellie-leaved Chirata. PI. \ to 1 foot.
2 C. pu'mila (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 90.) leaves unequal,
elliptic, bluntish, serrated, red beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered,
about equal in length to the leaves. !{.. G. Native of Nipaul.
Stem low, tetragonal. Larger leaves 2|- inches long, and li
inch broad. Peduncles bibracteate in tiie middle. Very like
the preceding, but much more humble, and the flowers smaller.
Dwarf Chirata. PI. \ foot.
3 C. BiFOLiA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 90. Royle, ill. himal.
t. 70.) stem 2-leaved, pubescent : leaves very unequal in size,
pubescent, crenated, the one small and petiolate, and the other
large, cordate, sessile; peduncle terminal, 1 -flowered. %..G.
Native of Nipaul and Kamaon, Wall. ; from Jurreepanee up-
wards towards Mussooree, and near Simla, Royle. Didymo-
carpus bifolia, Wall, in lit. Calosacme amplectens. Wall. cat.
no. 800. Stem filiform. Largest leaf 2 inches long, and \^
broad, rounded at top. Flowers like those of the preceding,
reddish purple, but smaller.
Two-leaced Chirata. PI. 5 foot.
4 C. macrophy'lla (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 56. t. 72.) root
creeping ; leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate ; scape elon-
gated, few-flowered ; corolla cylindrical, ventricose in the mid-
die. % . G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore, in shady woods.
Corolla yellow. Stamens 5, the 3 sterile ones subcapitate.
Anthers oblong.
Large-leaved Chirata. PI. 2 feet.
5 C. GRANDiFLORA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 43. t. 50.) stem
ascending ; leaves ovate, acuminated, pilose ; peduncles axillary,
few-flowered. %. G. Native of Nipaul, on the high moun-
tains in humid places, upon rocks. Flowers large, rose-coloured.
Calyx 5-nerved, 5-angled, 5-cleft, inflated. Corolla funnel-
shaped, pilose. .Stamens 5, the 2 lower fertile, bearing reniform,
cohering, 1 -celled anthers; the 3 sterile ones subulate, pilose,
and subcapitate. Stigina funnel-shaped, 2-lobed. Seeds small,
subulate, naked, acute at both ends.
Great-flowered Chirata. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see Slreptocdrpus, p.
658.
Suhtribe IIL
CYRTA'NDRE^ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Cyrtandra, in the fruit being baccate, and in the
seeds being erect.) Fruit baccate. Seeds pendulous, naked.
XXIV. CYRTA'NDRA (from Kvprog, kyrtos, a curve ; and
avtjp afOpog, aner andros, a inale.) Forst. gen. 3. no. 1. Jack,
in Lin. trans. 14. p. 25. t. 2. f. 1. a. g. Blum, bijdr. 767.
Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 446. t, 56. &c. Besleria
species, Forst. prod. no. 236.
LiN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft,
nearly equal, or sometimes somewhat bilabiate. Corolla funnel-
shaped, having the tube widened upwards ; the limb 5-lobed
and sub-bilabiate. Stamens 5, ex Blume, 4, ex Jack, 2 of
which are antheriferous, the other 2 or 5 sterile ; cells of an-
thers parallel. Stigma obtuse, or capitate, often emarginate.
Fruit baccate, longer than the calyx. Lobes of dissepiment with
revolute, seminiferous margins. Seeds naked, usually pitted, or
dotted. — Shrubs or herbs with erect or procumbent stems.
Leaves opposite, those opposed to each other unequal in size,
one of them being almost abortive. Flowers capitate, or in
fascicles, rarely solitary, axillary, bracteate, or involucrated,
white, or of a dull purple colour.
§ I. Stems herbaceous, procumbent, or erectish. Flowers white,
capitate, almost inclosed in the large one-leaved involucrum. —
Species natives of Java and Sumatra.
1 C. gla'bra (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 28. Blum, bijdr. p.
768.) almost stemless ; leaves alternate, (the opposed ones being
very small, and almost abortive,) on long petioles, broad-ovate,
sometimes subcordate at the base, serrulated, glabrous ; heads
of flowers on short peduncles, involucrated ; involucrum large,
campanulate, closely embracing the flowers. %. S. Native of
Java, in the humid parts of woods in the provinces of Bamtam,
Buitenzorg, &-c. Blume. Interior of Bencoolen, Jack. Flowers
large, white, with a pale yellowish throat. Antheriferous fila-
ments thick. Leaves about 7 inches long by 5 broad.
Glabrous Cyrtandra. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
2 C. pe'ndula (Blum, bijdr. p. 768.) stem creeping at bot-
tom ; leaves opposite, on long petioles, elliptic-oblong, acumi-
nated, serrated, smooth above, but rather villous on the nerves
beneath ; heads of flowers involucrated on long peduncles,
pendulous. %. S. Native of Java, in humid places on the
mountains. Flowers dirty white, dotted with purple at the
bottom. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, split on one side. Sterile
stamens 3, minute. Nearly allied to C. bicolor.
Pent?«/ous-flowered Cyrtandra. PI. creeping.
3 C. Bi'coLOR (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 27.) stem erectish,
creeping at bottom ; ? leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, cordate
at the base, glabrous above, villous and purple beneath, about
the length of the petioles; heads of flowers on peduncles which
are shorter than the petioles, embraced by a deciduous involu-
crum. 11 . S. Native of Sumatra. Leaves on long petioles,
9-10 inches long, the opposite ones nearly abortive. Peduncles
refle.xed, bearing each a head of 6-10 flowers. Corollas large,
white. Sterile filaments 2.
Two-coloured-\ea\eA Cyrtandra. PI. erectish.
4 C. pi'cTA (Blume, bijdr. p. 769.) stems procumbent at bot-
tom ; leaves remote, opposite, one of wliich is almost abortive,
on long petioles, broad-ovate, acute, a little attenuated at the
base, or subcordate, serrated, but rather villous on the nerves
beneath ; heads of flowers involucrated, axillary, almost sessile.
1;. S. Native of Java, in humid places on the mountains.
Flowers large, white, having the throat dotted with purple.
Stigma dilated, obtuse. Sterile stamens 3, minute. Nearly
allied to C. maculdta.
Paitited-fiowertd Cyrtandra. PI. procumbent.
5 C. MACULA TA (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 26.) plant low ;
leaves opposite, one abortive, the other roundish cordate, acute,
serrated, glabrous above, and rather villous beneath, petiolate ;
heads of flowers involucrated, axillary. % . S. Native of
Sumatra. Leaves 4 inches long by 4^ broad. Calyx tubidar,
5-toothed. Corolla white, with a large purple spot on each of
the 3 lower lobes. Sterile stamens 2. Fruit oblong. Seeds
disposed roimd the lobes of the dissepiment.
Spotted-Aosvered Cyrtandra. PI. low.
6 C. hu'milis (Blum, bijdr. 769.) stem procumbent, creep-
ing; leaves approxiinate, opposite, on long petioles, oval oblong,
GESNERIACEyE. XXIV. Cyrtandra.
661
obtuse at both ends, rounded at the base, serrated, glabrous
above, but rather downy on the veins beneath ; heads of flowers
axillary, involucrated, sessile. 1/ . S. Native of the island of
Nusae-Kambanga, in woods. Corolla pale yellowish. Filaments
of the fertile stamens rather villous on the back. Stigma emar-
ginate. Nearly allied to C. picta.
Humble Cyrtandra. PI. creeping.
7 C. macrophv'lla (Jack, in Lin. trans, li. p. 25. t. 2. f. 1.
a. g.) erectish ; branches 4-sided, with rounded angles, and two
oi)posite sides deeply furrowed ; leaves roundish-ovate, serrated,
glabrous, the opposite ones abortive, on long petioles ; peduncles
shorter than the petioles ; flowers capitate, nearly sessile, sup-
ported by a 1-leaved involucrum. %. S. Native of the inte-
rior of Sumatra. ' Leaves dark green above, and whitish
beneath. Corollas white. Sterile filaments 2. Stigma funnel-
shaped.
Large-leaved Cyrtandra. PI. 1 foot.
8 C. hirsu'ta (Jack, 1. c. p. 27.) plant ascending, pilose ;
leaves elliptic-ovate, cordate at the base, crenated, pilose on
both surfaces, on long petioles, the opposed ones generally
abortive ; heads few-flowered, involucrated by a 2-parted invo-
lucrum. J/ . S. Native of Sumatra. Stem terete. Leaves 5
inches long, and 3 broad ; petioles as long as the leaves, em-
bracing the stem at the base, and uniting with the base of the
opposite one. Peduncles axillary, reflexed, villous. Corolla
white, pilose outside. Stigma thick, depressed. Sterile fila-
ments 2.
Hairy Cyrtandra. PI. ascending.
9 C. iNcoMPTA (Jack, 1. c. p. 29.) plant erect, shaggy with
brown hairs ; leaves elliptic- ovate, serrated, on long petioles,
the opposed ones abortive ; heads of flowers propped by a 2-
leaved involucrum, densely woolly. % . S. Native of Sumatra,
where it is called Langkavang by the Malays. Leaves villous,
6 inches long. Peduncles shorter than the petioles. Corolla
villous ; limb nearly equal. Ovarium embraced by a nectarial
ring.
Undecked Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
10 C. au'rea (Jack, 1. c.) showy, erect; stem thick, 4-sided,
pilose from adpressed hairs ; leaves opposite, roimdish ovate,
acuminated, serrated, clothed with silky pili, on long petioles ;
heads of flowers dense, nearly sessile, involucrated. %.. S.
Native of the interior of Bencoolen, at the foot of Gunong
Bunko. Leaves both perfect. Involucrum closely investing
the head of flowers. Corolla yellow, sub-campanulate : limb
nearly equal. Stigma bilabiate.
Go/(fcH-flowered Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
1 1 C. pelta'ta (Jack, 1. c. p. 30.) leaves peltate, ovate,
acuminated; heads on very short peduncles, involucrated. %..
8. Native of Sumatra. Stem ascending, terete, smooth.
Leaves on long petioles, the opposite petioles, abortive, bluntly
serrated, smooth, paler beneath, 8-10 inches long. Corolla
white, funnel-shaped ; limb rather irregular. Sterile filaments
2. Ovarium embraced by a nectarial ring.
Pellate-XesLyedi Cyrtandra. PI. ascending.
§ 2. Stems herbaceous. Peduncles bibracteate, l-2-3-Jlowered.
Flowers not capitate. — Species natives of the Sandwich
Islands.
12 C. cordifolia (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. hot. p. 41fi. t.
5G.) leaves roundish-ovate, acute, obliquely cordate, toothed,
hairy above, but clothed with villous tomentum beneath, rusty ;
peduncles 3-flowered ; calyxes clothed with rusty villi. i;. S.
Native of the Sandwich Islands, from the altitude of 100 to 300
hexapods, along with the following species.
Cordate-leaved Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
13 C. grandiflora (Gaud. I.e. p. 447. t. US.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, narrowed at the base, obsoletely denticulated, cili-
ated, smoothish above, but paler beneath, with the nerves and
veins clothed with powdery down ; peduncles 2-leaved and 2-
flowered at the apex; calyxes glabrous. 1/. S. Native of
the Sandwich Islands.
Great-flowered Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
14 C. Lessonia'na (Gaud. 1. c. t. 54.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated, narrowed at the base, denticulated, puberulous above,
but clothed with silky tomentum beneath, rusty ; peduncles 1-
flowered, bibracteate ; calyx rather villous, 5-parted, with the
edges of the segments undulately inflexed. If.. S. Native of
the Sandwich Islands.
Lesson's Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
15 C. TRIFLORA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 52.) leaves oblong, sub-acu-
minated, cuneated at the base, somewhat doubly serrated, gla-
brous ; nerves and veins clothed with adpressed down beneath ;
peduncles 3-flowered; calyxes smoothish. If. S. Native of
the Sandwich Islands.
Three-flowered Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
16 C. BiFLORA (Forst. gen. 3. no. 1.) leaves ovate, quite
entire ; involucrum caducous, inflated ; peduncles 2-flowered.
1{. G. Native of Otaheite. Besleria biflora, Forst. floral, no.
236.
Two-flowered Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
17 C. Carnotia'na (Gaud. 1. c. t. 53.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, running into the petioles, remotely serrulated, hairy
above, and clothed with soft tomentose pubescence beneath,
canescent ; peduncles few-flowered, subdichotomous ; calyxes
villously pubescent. 11 . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands.
Carnoli's Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
18 C. PALUDosA (Jack, 1. c. p. 447.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated, narrowed at the base, coarsely serrated, glabrous, paler
beneath ; peduncles 1- flowered. %. S. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands.
Marsh Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
19 C. Menzie'sii (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
91.) leaves 4 in a whorl,? oblong, short-acuminated, cuneated
at the base, somewhat denticulately ciliated towards the apex,
rather scabrous above, glabrous beneath, but the nerves and
veins are clothed with adpressed down ; peduncles bearing
many flowers, which are disposed in an umbellate manner ;
calyx hairy, with subulate teeth. It . S. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands.
Menzies's Cyrtandra. PI. erect.
§ 3. Stems suffruticose, erect. Corollas bilabiate, dirty pur-
plish, or dirty yellow, for the most part small, and disposed in
fascicles. Habit different from the other sections, and have
more resemblance to the Didyinocdrpus frutescens. The spe-
cies of this section might form a distinct genus, on account of
their bilabiate corolla and longer fruit, and in the whole super-
fees of the lobes of the dissepiment being seminiferous.
20 C. piLosA (Blum, bijdr. p. 770.) stem ascending, simple,
tetragonal at top ; leaves opposite, obovate-oblong, sharply ser-
rated, sessile, pilose above, and strigose on the veins beneath ;
fascicles many-flowered, on short peduncles, axillary, involu-
crated by foliaceous bracteas. Pj . S. Native of Java, in
humid places on the mountains of Salak, Gede, Seribu, &c.
Flowers dirty yellow, having the lower lip reddish inside, and 3-
lobed : upper lip emarginate, smaller. Sterile filaments 3,
small. Allied to C. rubiginosa.
Pilose Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
662
GESNERIACE.E. XXIV. Cvrtandra. XXV. Whitia.
21 C. RUBiGiNosA (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 32.) stem erect,
4-angled, bristly in tlie young parts ; leaves opposite, petiolate,
obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, acutely serrated ; the nerves
pilose on the lov\er surfaces; peduncles axillary, fascicled, 1-
flowered, and, like the calyxes, clothed with clammy pili. fj . S.
Native of Sumatra. Bracteas linear, acute. Corolla of a dusky
purple colour, pilose outside : lower lip of 3 small shallow
lobes : upper lip bifid, shorter. Stigma bluntly bilabiate,
Berry cylindrical. Sterile filaments 2.
Rusty Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
22 C. sulca'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 770.) stem erect, tetragonal,
furrowed above, clothed with brown tomentum ; leaves opposite,
petiolate, oblong, long-acuminated, unequally narrowed at the
base, unequally and sharply serrated at top, smoothish above,
but rather villous on the nerves beneath ; fascicles of flowers
almost sessile, axillary, bracteate. Ij . S. Native of Java, on
Mount Megamendung. Corolla dirty purple : upper lip 2-
lobed : lower one larger and 3-lobed. Sterile filaments 3,
small.
Var. p ; leaves larger ; flowers white. '7 . S. Native of
Java, on the Seribu mountains.
Furrowed Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
23 C. NEMORosA (Blum, bijdr. p. 771.) stem erect, tetra-
gonal, downy at top ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong, acu-
minated, obliquely attenuated at the base, unequally and deeply
serrated, rather downy on the veins on both surfaces ; fascicles
of flowers pedunculate. T2 . S. Native of Java, in groves.
Calyx sub-bilabiate : lower lip bifid : upper trifid. Corolla
bilabiate : upper lip emarginate, brown : lower lip 3-lobed,
and larger, dirty white, and brownish in the throat. The fertile
filaments are thickened at top ; and the middle one of the 3
sterile shortest.
Grove Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
24 C. rostra'ta (Blum, bijdr. 771.) stem almost terete,
erectish ; superior leaves alternate, those opposed being very
small, petiolate, oblong, beaked, unequally attenuated at the
base, and unequally and sharply serrated at top, glabrous above,
but rather villous on the ribs beneath ; fascicles of flowers
pedunculate, axillary. Ij . S. Native of Java, in woods on the
Seribu mountains, and on mount Salak. Corolla dirty purple,
rather villous outside, sub-bilabiate, with a gibbous throat.
Sterile filaments 3. Nearly allied to C. nemorhsa and C. sul-
cata.
Far. ft ; flowers purple and white. Tj . S.
Beaked-\ea\ei\ Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
25 C. flave'scens (Blum, bijdr. p. 77 i.) stem terete, erect-
ish ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, unequally and remotely serrated, downy on the veins
beneath ; flowers solitary, axillary, almost sessile, h . S. Na-
tive of the Island of Nusae-Kambanga, in humid places amono-
bushes. Corolla sulphur-coloured, funnel-shaped, bilabiate,
rather villous outside. Sterile filaments 2, minute.
le//o?i)is/(-flowered Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
26 C. cocci'nea (Blum, bijdr. p. 772.) stem erect, tetra-
gonal ; leaves opposite, on long petioles, oblong, acuminated,
glandularly serrated, oblique at the base, having the ribs for the
most part blood-coloured beneath, smooth ; fascicles of flowers
pedunculate, axillary, umbellate. fj . S. Native of Java, in
woods in the interior. Calyx ventricose, 5-cleft, sub-bilabiate.
Corolla somewhat bilabiate, scarlet, sometimes whitish-brown.
Sterile filaments 3, minute. Berry elongated, beaked.
(S'car/ci-flowered Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
27 C. Cele'bica (Blum, bijdr. p. 77 2.) stem erect, tetra-
gonal ; leaves opposite, on long petioles, elliplic-oblonij, acu-
minated, unequally attenuated at the base, crenulaled, glabrous,
but clothed with cobwebbed down while young ; fascicles of
flowers panicled, axillary. Tj , S. Native of the Celebes, in
woods. Allied to C. cocchiea, from which it differs in the
fascicles of flowers being panicled.
Celebes Cyrtandra. Shrub small.
28 C. gra'ndis (Blum, bijdr. p. 773.) stem erect, nearly-
terete ; leaves opposite, on long petioles, elliptic-ovate, acute,
sometimes obliquely cordate at the base, doubly and glandularly
serrated, sometimes tomentose beneath on the nerves and veins ;
fascicles of flowers pedunculate, axillary, involucrated ; invo-
lucrum bifid. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the higher woods on
mounts Gede and Salak.
Far. ft ; leaves deeply serrated. Pj . S.
Great Cyrtandra. Shrub.
29 C. arbore'scens (Blum, bijdr. p. 773.) stem erect, tetra-
gonal ; leaves large, opposite, elliptic-oblong, running into the
petioles at the base, unequally toothed, smooth above, but
rather tomentose beneath ; heads of flowers pedunculate, invo-
lucrated ; involucrum large, foliaceous, bifid. I^ . S. Native
of Java, in the province of Tjangor, on the mountains, in humid
parts of woods.
Arborescent Cyrtandra. Shrub.
30 C. cunea'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 773.) stem erect, tetragonal ;
leaves opposite, the one smaller than the other, petiolate, cune-
ate-oblong, acuminated, obsoletely denticulated at top, smoothish
above, but rather strigose on the veins beneath ; umbels axil-
lary, on long peduncles. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas.
CtfMea (e-leaved Cyrtandra. Shrub.
31 C. frute'scens (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 31.) stem
erect ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, serrated, glabrous, petiolate ;
peduncles axillary, generally 3-flovvered, not so long as the
petioles. Tj . S. Native of Sumatra. Leaves 7-9 inches long.
Bracteas linear at the base of the pedicels. Calycine segments
subulate. Corolla purplish: lower lip longer, 3-lobed; lobes
shallow. Sterile filaments 2. Stigma dilated, sub-bilabiate.
Berry cylindrical : lobes of the dissepiment revolute, and semi-
niferous on their whole surfaces, like most of the other species
in this section.
Shrubby Cyrtandra. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation of the herbaceous species
see Strcptncdrpus, p. 658, and for the shrubby species see Ryti-
dophyllum, p. 550.
XXV. WHTTIA (evidently dedicated to some person of
the name of White, of whom we know nothing.) Blum, bijdr.
p. 774.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, deeply 5-
cleft, equal. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube widened
upwards ; limb 5-lobed, irregular, sub-bilabiate. Stamens 5, 2
of which are antheriferous and hardly exserted, and the other 3
setaceous and sterile. Cells of anthers unequal in the insertion.
Stigma somewhat funnel-shaped. Fruit baccate, silique-formed :
lobes of dissepiment fleshy, and bearing the seeds on their revo-
lute edges. Seeds naked, striated, surrounded by thin pulp. —
Climbing shrubs, with opposite, simple, entire, oblique leaves ;
those opposed to each other of unequal size. Fascicles of flow-
ers axillary, bracteate, on short peduncles. This genus differs
from Cyrtiindra, in the calyx being small, and divided nearly to
the base, not tubular ; in the stamens being exserted, not in-
closed ; in the insertion of the anthers being unequal, not paral-
lel ; in the stigma being funnel-shaped, not capitate nor emargi-
nate.
1 W. OBLONGiFOLiA (Blum. bijdr. p. 774.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, glabrous; fascicles of flowers on short peduncles; brae-
GESNERIACE^. XXVI. Rhvnchotechum. XXVII. Loxonia. XXVIII. Centronia. XXIX. Utania, &c. (Hi.i
teas lanceolate ; fruit elongated. >j . S. Native of Java, in
mountain woods, where it is called Lida-bebek.
Oblong-lcavcd Whitia. Fl. Year. Shrub climbing.
2 W. cAKNosA (Dlum. bijdr. p. 775.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
rather tomentose beneath ; fascicles of flowers on siiort pedun-
cles, axillary, involucrated by 2 bracteas ; fruit oblong. fj . ^.
S. Native of Sumatra, antl of Java, in woods on the Seribu
mountains. Cyrtandra carnosa. Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 30.
Stems obscurely 4-sided, smooth. Largest leaves 7-8 inclies
long : the opposite ones small, roundisb-cordate. Corolla
wliite.
Fleshy Whitia. Fl. Year. Shrub climbing.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ryl'idophyllum, p.
650.
XXVI. RHYNCHOTECHUM (from pvyxoc, rhynchos, a
beak; but the application is not evident.) Blum, bijdr. 775.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, .'^ngiosjiermia. Calyx 5-cleft, equal.
Corolla with a short cainpanulate tube, and an unequal, 5-lobed
limb. Stamens 4, somewhat didynamous, inclosed; anthers 1-
celled, free. Style incurved ; stigma obtuse. Fniit baccate,
globose, girded by the calyx : lobes of fleshy dissepiment rovo-
-lute and seminiferous. Seeds naked. This genus differs from
Cyrtandra in all 4 stamens being fertile ; in the anthers being
1 -celled, and in the berry being globose.
1 R. PARViFLORUM (Bluui. p. 775.) Stem simple, terete;
leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, serrated, rather villous be-
neath ; corymbs dichotomous, axillary ; pedicels subfasciculate.
Ij . S. Native of Java, on the Seribu mountains.
Small-flowered Rhynchotechum. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidophyllum, p.
650.
XXVII. LOXO'NIA (from \oioQ, loxos, oblique ; flowers. ?)
Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p, 4. Blum, bijdr. 776.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx tubular, an-
gular, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 5-lobed, unequal,
somewhat bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ;
anthers sagittate, with divaricate lobes. Stigma bilamellate.
Fruit baccate? inclosed in the calyx, and probably dehiscent, 2-
celled ; lobes of dissepiment revolute, seminiferous. Seeds
naked, pitted. — Herbaceous plants, with opposite leaves : the
opposed ones small, generally unequal sided. Flowers race-
mose.
1 L. DISCOLOR (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 40.) leaves gla-
brous above, but purplish and retrorsely scabrous beneath ; ra-
cemes simple, elongated. %. . S. Native of the interior of
Bencoolen. Stem tomentose, purple, terete, rather flexuous,
recurved. Leaves opposite, bifarious : the one minute and reni-
form, the other subsessiie, semicordate, ovate-oblong, falcate,
acuminated, 4-5 inches long, slightly serrated ; serratures re-
curved, in old leaves almost obsolete. Calyx covered with red
hairs. Corolla of a delicate yellowish-green colour, streaked
with purple inside.
Tmo-coloured-\esi\eA Loxonia. PL ?
2 L. iiirsu'ta (Jack, 1. c. p. 41.) hairy; leaves semi-ovate,
broad ; peduncles 2-4-cleft ; flowers racemose. % . S. Native
of Sumatra and the interior of Bencoolen. Stem recurved.
Leaves on very short petioles : the one small and semicordate,
the other semi-ovate, acuminated, slightly serrated, about 5
inches long, and 2 or 9.\ broad. Peduncles dividing into 2 or
4 unilateral racemes.
Hairy Loxonia. PL ?
3 L. ? decu'rrens (Blum, bijdr. p. 776.) leaves opposite, ob-
long, acuminated, cnneated at the b.ise, decurrent, serrated, gla-
brous ; flowers in fascicles, axillary. % . S. Native of Java,
on the Seribu mountains, in huinid places.
Decurrenl-\ea.\eA Loxonia. Fl. Feb. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Sire2>tocarpus, p. GJS.
XXVIII. CENTRO'NIA (from «vrpoi', Iccntron, a spur;
back of anthers spurred at the base.) Blum, bijdr. p. 776.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx spathaceous,
cleft on one side. Corolla fiuincl-shaped, with a bilabiate, nearly
equal limb ; upper lip 2-lobed : lower lip 3-lobed, spreading.
Stamens 4, inclosed; anthers 1 -celled, spurred on the back at
tlie base, free. Style thick ; stigma capitate. Fruit baccate,
silique-formed ; lobes of fleshy dissepiment revolute, semi-
niferous. Seeds naked. — A small, rather fleshy, parasitical
plant, furnished with ovate obtuse stipulas and bracteas.
1 C. mira'bilis (Blum, bijdr. p. 777.) 1/. S. Native of
Java, on Mount Salak, in humid parts of woods.
Showy Centronia. FL Sept. Oct. PI. small.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Streptocdrpus, p. 658.
XXIX. UTA^NIA (an alteration from its vernacular name
Tjankuda-Utan.) Kiihlia, Reinwdt. herb, ex Blum, bijdr. p.
777. but not of Kunth.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, /Ingiosjyermia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg-
ments imbricate, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 5-
lobed, nearly equal limb. Stamens 5, exserted ; anthers incum-
bent, bifid at the base. Style erect; stigma capitate. Fruit
baccate, olive-formed ; lobes of fleshy dissepiment revolute,
seminiferous. Seeds naked. — A branched shrub, with rather
large, opposite, oval leaves, which are acutish at both ends,
quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous, and undulated. Panicles ter-
minal, drooping ; pedicels subcorymbose.
1 K. morind^folia ; Tj . S. Native of Java, at the foot of
Mount Salak, where it is called Tjankuda- Utan. Kiihlia morin-
daefolia, Blum, bijdr. p. 777.
Morinda-leaved Kuhlia. Fl. Year. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rylidophyllum, p.
650.
XXX. FIE'LDIA (named after Baron Field, F.L.S., &c.
late Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales.) Cuii-
ningh. in Field's New South Wales, p. 363. icone. Hook. exot.
fl. t. 1. p. 232.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx deeply 5-
parted, permanent, inclosed in a spath-formed bractea, which is
cleft on one side. Corolla tubularly ventricose ; limb 5-lobed,
equal, somewhat bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the
rudiment of a fifth ; filaments dilated ; anthers 2-celled, round-
ish. Stigma bilamellate. Berry white, spongy, fleshy, 1 -cell-
ed. Seeds small, numerous, dotted, attached to two fleshy, pa-
rietal, bilamellate placentas. — A climbing, radicant shrub, almost
parasitical upon the trunks of trees, clothed with dense rusty
down when young. Leaves simple, opposite, remote : those
opposed to each other, unequal in size, elliptic, acute at both
ends, deeply serrated in the upper half, downy, of a deep green
colour ; petioles downy. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flow-
ered. Flowers pendulous, greenish-white.
1 F. Austra'lis (Cunningh. 1. c. Hook. 1. c.) I; . y^. G.
Native of New South Wales, on the Blue Mountains, Caley, in
1804 ; and upon naked rocks on the Five Islands, Cunningh. in
1822.
664 GESNERIACE^. XXXI. Loxotis. XXXII. Glossanthus. XXXIII. Platystemma. XXXIV. Ourisia.
Southern Fieldia. Shrub creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rylidophyllum, p.
650.
Suhtribe IV.
LOXOTIE'jE (this subtribe agrees with the genus Loxotis,
in the seeds being erect.) Capsule 2-valved or circumcised.
Seeds erect, naked.
§ 1. Capsule Z-valved.
XXXI. LOXOTIS (from Xo^oc, loxos, oblique ; corollas.)
K. Br. ex Benth. scrop. ind. p. 57. Antonia, R. Br. but not of
Pohl. Wulfenia species, Wall.
Lin. syst. Duindria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft.
Corolla with a tubular base, and a short, bilabiate limb. Sta-
mens 2, fertile ; anthers cohering : sterile ones wanting, or very
minute.— Herbaceous plants.
1 L. OBLiQUA (Benth. seroph. ind. p. 57.) calyx shortly 5-
cleft ; segments broad-lanceolate, bluntish. If . ? S. Native
of Nipaul and Silhet ; common on the Himalaya. Wulfenia
obllqua, Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 45. t. 35.
Oi/iijrHf-flowered ? Loxotis. PI. erect.
2 L. interme"dia (Benth. 1. c.) calyx 5-cleft beyond the
middle ; segments lanceolate, very acute. 1/ . ? S. Native of
Martaban, at Moolmyme. Wulfenia intermedia. Wall. cat. no.
408. Habit of the preceding, but the young leaves are often
pubescent.
Intermediate Loxotis. PI. erect.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Streptocdrpus, p. 058.
XXXII. GLOSSA'NTHUS (from yXwo-o-a, glossa,a. tongue ;
and avdoc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the large concave
lower lip of tiie corolla.) Klein, rass. ex Benth. seroph. ind.
57. Wulfenia species. Wall.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia, Calyx tubular, 5-
cleft. Corolla tubular at the base : limb bilabiate ; upper lip
very short : lower one large, convex. ? Stamens 4, fertile ;
anthers cohering. Capsule 2-valved. — Herbaceous plants.
1 G. Malaba'rica (Klein, mss. ex Benth. 1. c.) stem divari-
cately branched ; leaves and inflorescence of Loxotis. 1/. ? S.
Native of Malabar and the Nielghery mountains, in the Indian
Peninsula. Wulfenia Notoniana, Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 4G. cat.
no. 409.
Malabar Glossanthus. PI.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Strepitocdrpus, p. 658.
one from the axil of each leaf. 1/ . G. Native of Upper
Nipaul, upon rocks among moss. Wall. ; from Jureepanee up-
wards, towards Mussooree ; and near Simla, Royle. Plant 2-6
inches high, downy. Leaves sessile, orbicularly cordate, sinu-
ately toothed.
J'iolet-like Platystemma. PI. 2 to 6 inches.
2 P. ma'jor (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 42.) stem longer, fur-
nished with one ovate-cordate, acute, sharply and sinuately-
toothed leaf; peduncles unibellately bifid, each division bearing
2 flowers, besides 1 or 2 solitary flowers from the bifurcation.
If. G. Native of Kamaon. Bracteas 2, opposite, small under
the divisions of the stem or peduncles in both species.
Larger Platystemma. PI. 5 to f foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Streptocdrpus, p. 658.
XXXIV. OURISIA (named after Ouris, once Governor of
the Moluccas, who received this plant from Commerson, who
had given it his name.) Comm. ex Juss. gen. p. 100. ed Usteri,
p. 112. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 44. t. 185. R. Br. prod. p.
438. Poppig, et Endlicher, nov. gen. 1. p. 2. Dichroma, Cav.
ann. des scienc. 3. t. 32. icon. 6. p. 59. t. 282. Chelone spe-
cies, Lin. fil. suppl. and Willd.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-cleft, nearly
equal. Corolla funnel-shaped : limb 5-cleft, nearly equal; seg-
ments obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous. Stigma caj itate,
emarginate or 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves
septiferous in the middle. Placentas globose, adnate to the dis-
sepiment. Seeds numerous, with an aril-formed, reticulated
testa. — Creeping herbs, with opposite leaves, and terminal and
axillary, bractless peduncles.
Sect. I. Ouri'sia (see genus fur derivation.) Poppig, et
Endlicher, nov. gen. 1. p. 2. Calyx sub-bilabiate. Corolla
funnel-shaped ; tube widened a little in the middle, and curved :
limb erect, hardly equalling a sixth part of the tube.
1 O. Magella'nica (Juss. 1. c. Gsertn. 1. c. Poppig, et
Endlicher, 1. c. t. 4.) stem creeping; radical leaves cordate-
ovate or elliptic, doubly serrated, on long petioles ; cauline
leaves reniform, opposite, half stem-clasping ; peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, elongated, 1 -flowered ; calyx ciliated : upper lip
tridentate : lower one bifid. %.G. Native of Chili, on the
Andes, among rocks ; and of the Straits of Magellan, in the fis-
sures of rocks. Chelone ruelloides, Lin. fil. suppl. 271. Fors-
ter, in Comm. goett. 9. p. 35. Willd. spec. 3. p. 226. Corolla
purple.
Masellan Ourisia. PI. 3 to 6 inches.
XXXIII. PLATYSTE'MMA (from TrXarvc, platys, broad;
and (TTtiipa, stemma, a garland of flowers ; in reference to the
broad corollas.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 41. t. 151.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx ovate, 5-cleft,
equal. Corolla rotate, very flat, without a tube: limb bilabiate,
5-lobed : lower lip larger, 3-lobed, contracted at the base :
upper lip obcordate. Stamens 4, very short, equal ; anthers
large, reniform, 1 -celled. Style very long and thick; stigma
capitate, entire. Ovarium roundish-ovate, 2-celled. Ovula
densely inserted in twin placentas. — Small, pilose, rock, 1 or
2- leaved herbs. Flowers few, large, blue, terminal, on long
pedicels, twin or subumbellate. Corollas flat, hence the generic
name.
1 P. vioLofoES (Wall. pi. rar. 2. p. 42. t. 151. Royle, ill.
himal. t. 70. f. 2.) leaves 2, opposite under the peduncles, one
smaller than the other, but none radical ; peduncles 2- flowered.
Sect. II. Diciirc>ma (from cte, dis, double; and j(pw/ja,
chroma, colour ; in reference to the scarlet colour of the corolla,
and green of the other parts of the plant.) Poppig, et Endlicher,
nov. gen. 1. p. 3. Calyx equal : segments hardly cohering at
the base. Corolla funnel-shaped : limb spreading, equal in
length to a third or half the length of the erect cylindrical
tube.
2 O. iNTEGRiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 439.) glabrous ; stem
creeping ; leaves subovate, quite entire ; peduncles terminal,
generally solitary ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, equal. If.G. Native
of Van Diemen's Land. This differs from O. Magelldnica, in
the calyx being equally 5-cleft, and in the corolla being shorter.
Entire-leaved Ourisia. PI. creeping.
3 O. cocci'nea (Pers. ench. 2. p. 169. Poppig, et Endlicher,
1. c.) radical leaves cordate, doubly crenated, violaceous be-
GESNERIACE.E. XXXV. Aikinia. XXXVl. Staurantheua. XXXVII. Amphicome. LABIAT^E.
GG5
neatl), ilo«ny above; petioles and stem villous; peduncles
paiiiclcd, C(iu:d to the calyx in lengtli, but (i times shorter than
the corolla, pilose. 1^. G. Native of tlie South of Chili, in
shady places at the river Rucal ; and of Chiloe, in humid shady
places. Diclnoma coccinea, Cav. icon. 6. p. 59. t. 28:^. Co-
rolla scarlet. Seeds minute, ovate.
6cfl)7t/- flowered Ourisia. PI. -| to 2 feet.
4 O. i'a'llens (Poppii;, et Endlicher, nov. gen. chil. 1. p. 3.
t. 5.) radical leaves orbicularly cordate, crenated, smoothish ;
petioles villous ; tops of stem sub-panided ; peduncles equal in
length to the calyx, and almost twice shorter than the tube of
the corolla, which is regular, all quite glal)rous. l/.G. Na-
tive of the South of Chili, on the Andes at Antuco, in rocky
places.
Pale Ourisia. PI. 5 to | foot.
5 O. micuopiiy'lla (Poppig, et Endl. 1. c. p. 3. t. 7.) suffruti-
cose, glabrous ; leaves oval, sessile, clo>;ely and quadrifariously
imbricated, coriaceous; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flovvered,
short ; stamens one half shorter than the tube. (7 . G. Native
of the South of Chili, in the fissures of basaltic rocks on the
Andes of Antuco. A small, branchy shrub, with the habit of
Erica. Corolla rose-coloured, or lilac.
Small-leaved Ourisia. Shrub.
G O. alpi'na (Poppig, et Endl. 1. c. t. 6.) radical leaves
cordate-oblong, doubly crenated, and are, as well as the petioles
and stein, villous ; peduncles corymbose and equal ; calyxes
one-half shorter than the tube of the regular corolla, quite
glabrous. %. G. Native of the South of Chili, on the top of
Pico (le Pilque, among the Andes. Corolla scarlet.
Aljnne Ourisia. Pi. 5 to J foot.
7 O. polya'ntha (Poppig, et Endl. 1. c. p. 4.) suffruticose ;
branches downy ; leaves oval, sessile, by remote pairs, mem-
branous ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, elongated;
stamens length of tube. T? . G. Native of the South of Chili,
on the Andes, in cold places. Corolla scarlet ; limb yellow
inside.
Many Jloncred Ourisia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Streptoctir2)us, p. C58.
§ 2. Cajisule circumcised.
XXXV. AIKI'NIA (named in honour of Arthur Aikin,
F.L.S., Secretary to the Society of Arts.) R. Br. in Wall. pi.
rar. asiat. 3. p. G5. t. 288. Epithema, Blume, but not of
Jack.
LiN. sYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft,
equal. Corolla hy])ogynous, irregular ; limb .spreading ; upper
lip bifid : lower tripartite, with nearly equal segments. Stamens
4, the 2 superior ones fertile, with cohering anthers : lower 2
sterile. Stigma capitate. Capsule girded by the calyx, 1-
celU'd, circumcised ; placentas 2, free, seated on adnate, parietal
pedicels, seminiferous all over. Seeds erect, with elongated
funicles. — Annual, rather pilose herbs. Leaves cordate, a little
toothed : lower usually one or more alternate : superior ones
nearly opposite. Spikes unilateral, circinate while young, and
head-formed, but corynibo»e while bearing the fruit, peduncu-
late ; pedicels disposed in a double row along the rachis,
crowded, bractless, but the racemes are involucrated by one
roundish eucullate leaf each at base. Flowers small, blue.
Nearly allied to Lojcotis.
1 A. Brunonis (Wall. 1. c. 3. p. 66. t. 288.) leaves petiolate ;
peduncles kolitary, or many. ©. F. Native of the Island of
Timor, near Colping. Gratiola involucrata, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p.
1 38. ? Plant branched, or simple.
Brown s Aikinia. PI. \ foot.
VOL. iv.
2 A. Horsfie'ldii (R. Br. 1. c. p. 66.) leaf solitary, sessile,
terminating the stem ; jicduncles solitary, many. ©. F. Native
of Java. Epithema, Blum.
IlorsfiehVs Aikinia. PI. ^ foot. ?
3 A. CARNosA ; leaves petiolate ; peduncles solitary, or many
seriate ; racemes capitate ; bractea small, ovate ; corollas ex-
ceeding the calyx a little. ©. F. Native of Nipaul. Epi-
thema carnosum, Bentli. scroph. ind. p. 57. Paederotoides car-
nosa, Wall. mss.
Fleshy Aikinia. PI. \ foot. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Slreptocdrpus, p. 658.
XXXVI. STAURANTHE'RA (from aravpos, stauros, a
cross ; and apdr/pa, anthera, an anther ; in allusion to the an-
thers cohering in a cruciate manner.) Benth. scroph. ind.
p. 57.
Lin. syst. Didynumia, Angiospermia. Calyx subrotately
canipanulate, S-jjlicate, very broadly sub-10-cleft. Corolla
ample, oblique, with a very short tube, spurred behind at the
base, subquinquefid at top. Stamens 4, fertile ; anthers heart-
shaped, cohering cruciately. Capsule circumcised. Ramifi-
cation of stem, and obliquity of leaves, like that of Glossdnthus.
Leaves large, wrinkled. Racemes ditrichotomously panicled,
8-20-flowered.
1 S. GRANDiFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) ■y..?S. Native of Penang,
Wall. Glossanthus ? grandiflorus, Benth. in Wall. cat. no.
6395.
Great-Jlorvered Stauranthera. PI. branched.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Strepiocdrpus, p. 658.
f A ge>nis hardly known whether it belongs to the order
Bignoniacece or the present.
XXXVII. AMPHICOWIE (from ap(pi, amphi, on both sides;
and Ka/xt), home, a head of hair ; in reference to the seeds being
furnished with a tuft of hairs at both ends.) Royle, ill. himal.
t. 72. f. 1. Incarvillea species, R. Br, ex Royle, 1. c.
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Angiosiitrmia. Calyx tubular, pen-
tagonal ; angles stiffer than the membranous ciliated sides, 5-
toothed ; teeth subulate, slightly hairy. Corolla tubular near
the base, ventricose above ; limb S-lobed : lobes short, rounded,
ciliated, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 4, didynamous, with
the rudiment of a fifth. Cells of anthers converging, each fur-
nished about its middle with a small tail-like process ; filaments
terminated above in a broad, membranous process. Stigma
bilamellate. Capsule long, slender, silique-formed, 2-valved,
but only opening on one side ; dissepiment free, opposite the
valves, bearing on both sides along the margins suspended seeds.
Seeds oblong, rough, slightly winged at both ends, and termi-
nated in a much divided coma of tine hairs, exalbuminous. Em-
bryo straight, almond-shaped ; radicle above. Cotyledons folia-
ceous. — A diff'use shrub, with impari-pinnate, alternate leaves,
and axillary and terminal racemes of flowers.
1 A. argu'ta (Royle, 1. c.) ^. G. Native of Himalaya.
Incarvillea arguta, Royle, 1. c.) Leaflets opposite, on short pe-
tioles, 3-4 pairs, lanceolate, acuminated, unequal at the base,
dentately serrated. Corollas red.
Sharp-serrated-\eiLved Amphicome. Shri'ib 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rytidophyllum, p.
650.
Order CLXXV. LABIA'TvE (so named from labium, a lip ;
in consequence of the two-lipped corolla.) Juss. gen. p- IIO.
4Q
G66
LABIATE.
R. Br. prod. p. 499. Mirb. ann. mus. 15. p. 213. Bartl.
ord. nat. 180. Benth. lab. p. xiii.
Calyx tubular, regular, 5-cleft, or 5-10-tootlied, or bilabiate;
lips entire, or divided. Corolla tubular, irregular, bilabiate ; su-
perior lip undivided or bifid, lying over eacb other in aestivation :
lower lip trifid. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 of which are some-
times sterile ; filaments inserted under the sinuses of the lower lip
and interlabiate ; anthers 2-lobed : lobes usually divaricate ; but
sometimes dimidiate, and therefore somewhat 1 -celled, with an
obsolete division and a continuous suture. Ovaria 4, 1 -seed-
ed, connected with the base of the style, seated on a glandular
disk, and girded at bottom; ovula erect. Style 1. Stigma bifid,
usually acute, sometimes unequal, or dilated. Achenia 4, hidden
by the permanent calyx, some of them generally abortive. Albu-
men wanting, or very sparing. Embryo erect. Cotyledons flat. — •
Herbs, rarely shrubs. Stems and branches tetragonal. Leaves
opposite, exstipulate, simple, undivided, or lobed ; petioles or
bases of the leaves not articulated with the branch. Flowers
opposite, verticillate, capitate, spicate, racemose, or solitary,
axillary or terminal, bracteate or naked.
The order Labialce is one of the most natural and distinctly
marked of all. The opposite leaves, monopetalous corolla, 2 or
4 stamens, and the free 4-lobed ovarium, ^re characters so easily
observed, and so constantly accompanying the general habit of
the whole series, that from the time of Linnaeus to the present
day but two or three genera have been improperly associated
with, or separated from it. Its immediate affinities are few.
The same 4-lobed ovarium is only found in Borragmece, but
here the fifth stamen is always present and fertile, and the
corolla is usually regular, with gyrate inflorescence. Scrophula-
rinece, and other allied tribes are at once separated by the cap-
sular fruit. In Verhenacece alone, having frequently the same
inflorescence and many of the characters of Labiatce, approach
near enough to occasion any hesitation in drawing the line of
separation. The ovarium is slightly lobed in Verbena and
other neighbouring genera, and in Cymaria and some Teucria it
is less lobed than in other Labialce, but yet the distance is con-
siderable in this respect between the former and the two latter
genera, ex Bentham.
The species are to be found in more or less abundance over
the surface of the globe, but the greater mass within the tropics.
Many are extremely odoriferous ; some bear handsome flowers,
others are mere weeds. They are remarkable for their tonic,
cordial, stomachic virtues ; they contain both a bitter and an
aromatic principle in different proportions. The bitterness
which is given out in decoctions resides in a gum resinous
secretion abounding in some Teucria, which are particularly
employed as stomachics, and sometimes as febrifuges ; those
which abound in essential oil, and are consequently aromatic,
are used as stimulants. From the different degree of combi-
nation of these principles in different plants, they have obtained
various uses, such as savory, thyme, marjoram for the seasoning
of food ; sage, balm, ground ivy for tea ; cat thyme, marjoram,
lavender, and thyme for sternutories ; others, such as lavender.
mint, balm, and rosemary, for perfume. The essential oil of all
contain camphor, 'which is said to exist in such quantity in
sage and lavender, that it has been supposed that the sejiarating
of it might become an object of commerce.
In the arrangement of this truly natural family, I have fol-
lowed Mr. Bentham, whose elaborate work, entitled " Labiata-
rum Genera et Species," is a model for future monographers.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
OcymoidejE. Stamens declinate. Corolla sub-bilabiate ; the
superior 4 lobes flat, and nearly equal, or the two uppermost ones
are joined : the lower segment is declinate, usually of a differ-
ent form from the others, sometimes flat, but usually concave,
boat-shaped, or saccate. Old anthers usually saucer-shaped.
§ 1. Segments of corolla almost of equal length : lower one
the narrowest, declinate, andflattish. — Tropical plants.
1 O'cYMUM. Fructiferous calyx deflexed ; the uppermost
tooth ovate, large, usually decurrent. — Whorls 6-flowered,
rarely with so many as 10 flowers.
2 Geniosforum. Fructiferous calyx almost erect, or de-
clinate, usually transversely wrinkled at base ; teeth irregular :
upper one not decurrent. Filaments naked. Lobes of style
subulate. — Whorls many-flowered.
3 Mesona. Upper lip of corolla divided ; lower one small,
and inflexed. Shorter stamens appendiculate at the base.
4 Acroce'phalus. Calyx erectish, having the 4 lower teeth
combined into an entire or 4-toothed lip. — Whorls of flowers
capitate.
5 MoscHosMA. Fruit-bearing calyx declinate ; upper tooth
ovate, not decurrent. Tube of corolla inclosed. Lobes of
style very short. — Whorls few-flowered, secund, usually dis-
posed in axillary racemules.
6 Ortuosi'phon. Fructiferous calyx deflexed ; superior
tooth ovate. Tube of corolla straight, exserted. Style headed
by the stigma. — Habit of O'cymum.
§ 2. Lower segment of corolla elongated, concave. — Troj)ical
plants.
7 Hoslu'ndia. Superior stamens abortive. Fructiferous
calyx baccate.
8 Plectra'nthus. Fructiferous calyx 5-tootheil, not spiny,
with an open mouth. Filaments free.
9 CoLEUs. Fructiferous calyx toothed, not spiny, with an
open mouth. Filaments monadelphous.
10 Anisochi'lus. Fructiferous calyx closed. — Whorles of
flowers spicate.
1 1 CEolla'ntiius. Calyx truncate, circumcised at the base
in the fructiferous state.
LABIATE.
667
12 PycHNosTACHYs. Teeth of fructiferous calyx subulately
spiiiose. — Whorls of flowers spicate.
§ 3. Loner segment of corolla somewhat st'rpitate, transversely
subcallous at the base, and at length saceate, hut bent down
abruptly at the time of florescence.
13 Pe'ltodon. Teeth of calyx subulate, peltate at apex. —
Habit o( Hyptis capitata.
14 Marsyha'nthus. Achenia concave, boat-shaped, with
membranous, involute, fringed margins. — Habit of Hyptis
capitata.
15 Hy'ptis. Calyxes not peltate, fructiferous ones not bila-
biate. Achenia not cymbiform.
16 Ekiope. Floriferous calyx equal, fructiferous one in-
creasing and bilabiate : upper lip tridentate : lower lip bidentate.
§ 4. Corolla bilabiate : upper lip 2-lobed : lower lip 3-lobed.
Stamens inclosed in the tube.
17 Lava'ndula. Character the same as that of the section.
Tribe H.
Menthoi'de.e. Corolla subcampanulate, or funnel-shaped ;
tube shorter than the calyx, or hardly longer ; limb 4-5-cleft,
with the lobes nearly equal, rarely sub-bilabiate. Stamens dis-
tant, straight, or diverging, not approximating by pairs, nearly
equal ; the lower ones are a little longer ; the superior ones
sometimes abortive.
§ 1. Anthers terminal, also the younger ones are confluently
1-celled. Stamens somewhat deeUnate.
18 Pogoste'mon. The 3 superior segments of corolla ap-
proximate : lower one declinate.
19 Dysophy'lla. Corolla almost regular.
§ 2. Anthers versatile; cells divaricate, at length confluent.
Stamens sometimes somewhat ascending.
20 Elsholtzia. Corolla tubular ; limb short, bilabiate.
Lobes of gynophore shorter than the ovarium.
21 Tetrade'nia. Corolla regular. Lobes of gynophore
longer than the ovarium.
§ 3. Anthers 2-celled ; cells parallel. Corolla normal, as
in the whole tribe.
22 CoLEBROOKiA. Fructiferous calyx pappose, adhering to
the achenia.
23 Peri'lla. Upper tooth of fructiferous calyx small. Style
deeply bifid.
24 Isa'nthus. Achenia rather large, wrinkled reticulately.
25 Pre'slea. Calyx 4-toothed.
26 Me'ntha. Calyx 5-toothed, not pappose. Achenia
smooth. Fertile stamens 4.
27 Lyco'pus. Superior stamens abortive.
§ 4. Cells of anthers disjoined, tvith a filiform connective.
28 Meria'ndra. Character the same as that of the section.
Tribe IH.
Mona'rdE;E. Corolla bilabiate. Superior stamens abortive,
or if fertile bearing linear, connate anthers : lower stamens
fertile, ascending ; anthers linear, sometimes confluently 1-celled,
connate, sometimes dimidiate, free, or connate behind, with a
linear connective, which is articulated to the filament, and bear-
ing the fertile cell at top, truncate behind, but generally drawn
out, filiform, elevated, bearing the other cell, which is sometimes
difformed and empty, and sometimes fertile.
§ 1. Connective fliform, articulated to the filament.
29 Sa'lvia. Connective drawn out under the insertion, naked
or bearing a cell behind.
SO Audibe'rtia. Connective not drawn out under the
insertion.
§ 2. Connective small. Fertile stamens 2.
31 RosMARfNus. Calyx bilabiate: upper lip entire : lower
lip bifid. Filaments toothed at the base.
32 Mona'rda. Calyx 5-toothed. Lower lip of corolla
linear, shortly trifid at apex.
33 Blephi'lia. Calyx 5-toothed, sub-bilabiate ; throat naked
inside. Lower lip of corolla broad, trifid.
34 Zizi'pHORA. Throat of calyx villous inside. Corolla of
Blephilia.
§ 3. Connective small. Fertile stamens 4.
35 Hormi'num. Character the same as that of the section.
Tribe IV.
SATUREi'NEiE. Calyx 5-toothed, equal, or bilabiate, 4. Tube
of corolla exannulate, shorter than the calyx, and imbricating
bracteas, or hardly longer ; limb sub-bilabiate : upper lip flat,
entire, or emarginately bifid ; lobes of lower lip flat. Stamens
straight, diverging, or hardly ascending, equal, or the superior
ones are shortest, or abortive. Anthers not dimidiate.
§ 1. Fertile stamens 4. Calyx \Q-\S-nerved.
36 Bystropogon. Calyx equal ; throat villous inside. —
Inflorescence cymose, or spicate.
37 Pychna'nthemum. Calyx equal, or sub-bilabiate, naked
inside. Upper lip of corolla oblong, entire, or emarginate. —
Whorls many-flowered, bracleate.
4 Q 2
668
LABIATiE.
38 Monarde'lla. Throat of calyx naked inside. Seg-
ments of corolla 5, oblong, or linear, somewhat bilabiately dis-
39 Amara'cus. Superior lip of calyx erect, entire: lower
one truncate, almost wanting, or shortly bidentate. — Spikelets
membranaceously bracteate.
40 Ori'ganum. Calyx somewhat equally 5-tootlied ; throat
villous. — Spikelets broadly bracteate, rather loo-^e.
41 Marjora^na. Limb of calyx cleft, quite entire above,
orbicular, with the margin implicate beneath at the base.
42 Thy'mus. Calyx bilabiate : upper lip tridentate : lower
lip bifid ; throat villous.
43 Sature'ia. Calyx nearly equal ; throat almost naked in-
side. Superior lip of corolla ovate. — Whorles of flowers axil-
lary, or aggregate into an oblong head.
§ 2. Fertile stamens 4. Calyx \5-nerved.
44 Hyssopus. Character the same as that of the section.
§ 3. Two lower stamens alone fertile.
45 CoLLiNsoNiA. Lobes of corolla 4 : superior ones nearly
equal : lower one large, toothed or fringed.
46 CnNi'LA. Corolla normal with the tribe.
Tribe V.
Melissi'nEjE. Calyx 13, rarely 10-nerved, 5-toothed, bila-
biate, f, or rarely equal. Tube of corolla exannulate, usually
exserted ; limb bilabiate ; lips flat, or the upper one as in
Glechon, galeate. Stamens ascending : superior ones shorter,
or abortive.
47 Hedeoma. Tube of corolla rarely exserted. Throat of
calyx villous inside. Superior stamens abortive.
48 Microme'ria. Tube of corolla rarely exserted. Calyx
nearly equal : superior stamens antheriferous.
49 Meli'ssa. Calyx bilabiate : upper lip tridentate : lower
lip bidentate. Tube of corolla usually exserted. Superior
stamens antheriferous.
50 Gardoquia. Calyx tubular, somewhat incurved, with an
equal or sub-bilabiate mouth. Tube of corolla much exserted.
Stamens 1-3, now and then sterile.
51 Gle'chon. Superior stamens abortive. Superior lip of
corolla galeate.
52 Kei'thia. Superior stamens altogether abortive. Lips
of corolla flat ; tube exserted.
53 Thy'mbra. Calyx much compressed, flat above. Supe-
rior stamens antheriferous.
54 Dicera'ndra. Stamens 4, antheriferous ; anthers bical-
carate.
55 Pogo'gyne. Stamens 4, antheriferous. Style villous.
Tribe VL
Scutellari'ne«. Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip truncate, entire
or somewhat tridentate. Tube of corolla exserted, ascending :
upper lip of limb arched, rarely flat. Stamens ascending : supe-
rior ones the shortest.
§ 1. Gynophore equal, straight ; lips of calyx toothed.
56 Prune'lla. Style bifid at apex.
57 Clonia. Style quadrifid at apex.
§ 2. Gynophore elongated, incurved, oblique at ajiex. Lips
of calyx entire.
58 Scutella'ria. Achenia naked. Superior lip of corolla
arched.
59 Peritoiiia. Achenia membranously winged. Segments
of corolla flattish.
Tribe VIL
Prostanthe're«. Calyx campanulate, sometimes bilabiate ;
lips flat, entire, or the lower one bidentate or bifid ; throat
naked inside. Corolla with a short ample tube, a campanulate
throat, and a bilabiate limb : lips flattish. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, shorter than the corolla : lower ones sometimes longer,
and sometimes sterile. Achenia coriaceous, reticulately wrin-
kled. Style permanent.
§ 1. Calyx bilabiate : UjiS entire, or the loner one is bifd or
bidentate.
60 Chilodia. Upper lip of calyx entire : lower one bifid.
Anthers mutic.
61 Cry'phia. Both lips of calyx entire. Anthers mutic.
62 Prostanthe'ra. Both lips of calyx entire, or hardly -j-
Anthers spurred.
63 Hemia'ndra. Upper lip of calyx entire : lower one bifid.
Anthers dimidiate.
§ 2. Calyx equal, 5-toothed,
64 Hemige^nia. Anthers all with one of the cells fertile, and
the other abortive.
65 Westri'ngia. Anthers of upper stamens dimidiate, gla-
brous : lower ones sterile.
66 MicRocoRYs. Anthers of upper stamens dimidiate,
bearded : lower ones sterile.
Tribe VIIL
NEPE^TEa;. Calyx equal or oblique, or sub-bilabiate, usually
15-nerved: superior teeth the largest. Corolla bilabiate. Sta-
mens didynamous : superior ones the longest, ascending or
diverging.
§ 1. Stamens diverging.
67 Lopha'nthus. Character the same as that of the sec-
tion.
§ 2. Stamens ascending.
68 Ne'peta. Calyx not bilabiate ; upper tooth a little
LABIATE.
669
broader than the rest. Bracteas entire. Cells of anthers
diverging or divaricate,
69 Marmori'tis. Calyx tubularly caiiipanulatc, longer than
the corolla. Cells of anthers parallel.
70 Dracoce'phalum. Calyx bilabiate, or the upper tooth is
large, or the bracteas are ciliately toothed.
71 Cedrone'lla. Tube of corolla exserted. Cells of an-
thers parallel.
Tribe IX.
Stachy'de^. Calyx irregularly veined, 5-10-nerved, equal,
oblique, or rarely sub-bilabiate, 3-10-toothed. Tube of corolla
usually annulate inside ; limb bilabiate. Stamens 4, ascending,
didynamous : superior ones the sliortest. Achenia dry, not re-
tieulately wrinkled.
§ 1 . Calyx inflated after florescence, or 2-'i-lobed. Corolla
much exserted.
72 Meli'ttis. Calyx membranous, campanidate : lobes 3-5,
roundish. Corolla ample, much exserted.
73 Physoste'gia. Calyx obscurely veined, inflated after
florescence. Corolla much exserted, with an ample throat.
74 MACBRfoEA. Calyx membranous, campanulate ; lobes 3 :
upper one oblong : lower one roundish. Corolla much exserted,
with a very ample throat.
75 Syna'ndra. Calyx 4-parted. Upper cells of superior
anthers empty, connate.
§ 2. Cahjx 5 -toothed : Umh not dilated. Stamens exserted frurn
the tube. CoroUaJlattish or arched,
76 La'mium. Calyx 5-nerved, 5-toothed : teeth not spiny.
Superior lip of corolla a little arched or galeate ; lateral seg-
ments hardly any, tooth-formed, or rarely oblong. Achenia
acutely triquetrous, truncate. — Leaves entire.
77 Lagochi'lus. Calyx .5-nerved ; teeth 5, stifli", somewhat
spiny. Upper lip of corolla oblong, bifid at apex. Achenia
acutely triquetrous, truncate at apex.
78 Leonu'rus. Calyx 5-nerved ; teeth 5, stiflT, rather spiny.
Superior lip of corolla oblong, flattish, or arched ; lateral seg-
ments oblong. Achenia acutely triquetrous, truncate. — Leaves
jagged.
79 Anisomeles. Stamens exserted from the short upper lip
of the corolla.
80 Galeopsis. Calyx somewhat 5-nerved, 5-toothed, some-
what spinescent. Cells of anthers transversely and bivalvately
dehiscent ; inner valve smaller, ciliated.
81 Sta'chys. Calyx 5-10-nerved, 5-toothed. Throat of
corolla hardly dilated ; galea a little arched, rarely oblong, flat,
eniarginate. Stamens exserted from the tube. Achenia obtuse,
rarely truncate.
82 Spha'cele. Calyx reticulately veined ; teeth nearly equal.
Tube of corolla ample. Cells of anthers linear, diverging.
83 Lepechi'nia. Calyx bilabiate: upper lip tridentate : lower
lip bidentate. Corolla small.
§ 3. Stamens inclosed within the tube.
84 Craniotome. Superior lip of corolla very short, trun-
cate.
85 Sideri'tis. Lower lobe of style dilated, clasping the
superior one at the base, which is truncate.
86 Marru'bium. Lobes of style nearly equal. Calyx
tubular.
§ 4. Limb of calyx dilated or 5-\0-toothed, or with a truncate
moulh, rather membranous between the teeth, or broadly andmem-
branaceously campanulate. Superior Up of corolla generally
compressedly galeate. Stamens exserted from the tube.
87 Ballota. Calyx regular, somewhat funnel-shaped, 5-10-
toothed. Anthers 2-celled.
88 Lasiocorys. Calyx nearly equal ; teeth 5, ovate, rarely
with other 5 small acute ones in the recesses between the others.
Galea of corolla very hairy. Anthers 2-celled.
89 RoYLEA. Segments of calyx 5, equal, oblong, mem-
branous.
90 Otoste'gia. Limb of calyx somewhat bilabiately and
membranously drawn out ; lower lip large. Anthers 2-celled.
91 Leu'cas. Limb of calyx 8-1 0-toothed. Cells of anthers
confluent. Galea of corolla very hairy, short ; lower lobe of
style very short.
92 Leonotis. Calyx of Leucas section Plagiostoma. Co-
rolla yellow or scarlet. Galea much longer than the lip.
93 Phlomis. Calyx tubular, 5 or 10-striped, usually pli-
cate, 5-toothed, the margins rather membranous between the
teeth. Superior filaments generally appendiculate. Cells of
anthers confluent.
94 Notoch^e'te. Mouth of calyx membranous, with 5
nerves, which are drawn out into as many subulate awns, which
are hooked at apex.
95 Eremostachys. All as in Phlomis, except that the calyx
is more ample, and the limb often large and membranous.
96 Eriophy'tum. Calyx membranous, amply campanulate.
Galea of corolla large, incumbent : lip small, trifid.
97 MoLUCELLA. Limb of calyx ample, oblique, with 5-10
mucrones or spines. Filaments naked at the base.
98 HoLMSKioLDiA. Calyx large, coloured, somewhat rotately
campanulate. Ovarium bipartite ; lobes bifid.
99 Hymenocra'ter. Calyx 13-nerved, with a 5-cleft spread-
ing limb. Achenia tubercular.
100 Achyrospe'rmum. Achenia covered with scales at top.
101 Colquhou'nia. Achenia membranously drawn out at
top.
Tribe X.
Prasie\e. Corolla bilabiate. Stamens 4, ascending : lower
ones the longest. Achenia fleshy, sub-baccate.
102 Gomphoste'mma. Throat of corolla dilated. Cells of
anthers transverse, parallel.
103 Puylloste'gia. Throat of corolla nearly equal. Cells
of anthers diverging. Lobes of style not subulate.
670
LABIATiE. I. OcYMUM.
104 Stenogyne. Throat of corolla dilated. Cells of an-
thers at length divaricate. Lobes of style subulate.
105 Pra'sium. Calyx bilabiate. Tube of corolla inclosed.
Tribe XI.
AjuGOi'DEa;. Upper lip of corolla sometimes very short, and
sometimes cleft ; segments cast down, rarely erect, arched :
lower one elongated Stamens ascending, usually exserted :
superior ones shorter, or abortive.
106 Amethy'stea. Superior stamens abortive.
107 Trichoste'mma. Limb of corolla nearly equally 5-
cleft : segments declinate.
108 Teu'crium. Segments of corolla 4, nearly equal, or the
2 superior ones are' larger, all declinate, or very shortly trun-
cate : lower one large, rounded or oblong, usually concave.
Stamens exserted.
109 A'juga. Superior lip of corolla short or very short.
Stamens usually exserted.
110 Cyma'ria. Superior lip of corolla elongated, galeate.
Tr'the L
OCYMOI'DEiE (from Ocymuin, Basil. ; and idea, similar ;
because the plants contained in this section agree with O'cymum
in the characters given below.) Benth. lab. p. 1. Stamens
declinate. Corolla sub-bilabiate ; 4 upper lobes flat, and nearly
equal : or the 2 uppermost ones are joined : lower one declinate,
usually of different form, flat, but more often concave, boat-
shaped, or saccate. Old anthers usually saucer-shaped.
I. O'CYMUM (said by Mathiolus to be derived from oijw,
ozo, to smell ; on account of the powerful scent of the plants.)
Benth. lab. p. 1. O'cymum species of Lin. and other au-
thors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospemia. Calyx ovate or
campanulate, 5-toothed : the upper tooth membranous, with
winged, decurrent margins, at length deflexed. Corolla with a
short tube ; throat usually campanulate : upper lip quadrifid :
lower lip hardly longer, declinate, quite entire, flattish. Sta-
mens 4 : lower ones the longest ; filaments free : superior ones
usually furnished with a tooth or a fascicle of hairs at the base ;
anthers ovate-reniform ; cells confluent. Style bifid at top :
lobes subulate or flattish ; stigmas minute or marginal. Ache-
nia smooth. — Herbs or subshrubs ; whorls C-flowcred, rarely
so much as 10-flowered, disposed in interrupted spikes or ra-
cemes ; racemes simple, or a little branched at the base, rarely
disposed in a thyrsoid panicle.
Sect. L Ocymodon (from Ocymum, and ocovq ocovtoq, odous
odontos, a tooth ; so called because the upper filaments are fur-
nished with a tooth at the base.) Benth. lab. p. 3. Superior
filaments furnished each with a toothlet at the base. — Whorls
\isually 6-flowered. Pedicels reflexed, usually shorter than the
fructiferous calyxes.
1 O. ca'num (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2452.) herbaceous, erect, pu-
bescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, narrowed at both ends, almost
quite entire, canescent beneath ; petioles ciliated ; racemes sim-
ple ; calyxes longer than the pedicels, reflexed in the fructifer-
ous state : upper tooth of calyx orbicular, concave, shortly acu-
minated. ©. H. Native of Madagascar, East Lidies, China,
Brazil, &c. O. Americanum, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 276. spec. 833.
but not of Jacq. O. album, Roxb., but not of Lin. O. stami-
neum, Sims, bot. mag. 2452. in text. O. incanescens, Mart et
Spix, reise. bras. 2. p. 787. — Very nearly allied to 0. Basilicum,
but the flowers are not half the size, and the habit distinct.
Corollas white.
Hoary Basil. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 foot.
2 O. Basi'licum (Lin. spec. 833.) herbaceous, glabrous,
erect, or ascending ; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, narrowed
at the base, a little toothed ; petioles ciliated; racemes simple ;
calyxes longer than the pedicels, reflexed in the fructiferous
state : upper tooth ovate, concave, shortly acuminated. ©. H.
Native of the East Indies, and tropical Africa. Corollas of all
white. The sweet or larger Basil, O. Basilicwn, Basilic, Fr. ; Ba-
silikum, Germ. ; Basilico, Ital. ; is a tender annual plant, highly
aromatic. The bush, or Least Basil, is the O. minimum, is
also an aromatic plant, but more diminutive than the sweet
Basil, forming a romid bushy head. The leaves and small
branches, or leafy tops of both these species, are the parts
gathered for culinary purposes, on account of their strong fla-
vour of cloves, to be used in highly seasoned dishes. A few
leaves are sometimes introduced into salad, and not vinfrequently
into soups. Both species are raised from seeds ; and a seed bed of
3 feet by 1 h, to furnish plants for a final transplanting, in a bed 4
feet by 12 ; a quarter of an ounce will be sufficient. Sow on a hot-
bed, in the end of March, and plant out in a warm border of rich
soil ; the larger at 8 or 10 inches every way. Sometimes both
sorts are sown in the open border ; but so treated they come up
late and small. In transplanting from the hot-bed, take care to
raise the plants in small tufts or single plants, with balls attach-
ed, by which they receive no check ; and if watered after plant-
ing, and in dry weather, will soon produce abundance of tops.
Seed can only be saved in England in warm dry seasons, and
under the most favourable circumstances of situation and preco-
city. In general it is procured from Italy by the seedsmen.
Var, a, jtHosum (Benth. lab. p. 4.) stem much branched,
ascending ; leaves small, oblong, quite entire ; petioles and
whorles of flowers very pilose ; racemes elongated ; corolla usu-
ally glabrous. O. minimum, Burm. p. 129. but not of Lin.
O. basilicum, Burm. ind. 129. O. hispidum, Lam. diet, 1. p.
384. O. pilosum, Willd. enum. 2. p. 29. Roxb. hort. beng.
p. 45. O. ciliatum, Horn. hort. hafn. O. hispululum, Schum.
pi. guin. in act. acad. hafn. 4. p. 42. Basilicum I'ndicum,
Rumph. amb. 5. p. 263. t. 92. f. 1.
Var. ft, anisiitum (Benth. 1. c.) habit of var. a, but more
erect and less pilose ; leaves larger, thicker, a little toothed ;
corollas usually villous. 0. H. O. Basilicum, Lin. spec. 833.
O. anisatum, Hort. Soladi-Tirtava, Rheed, mal. 10. p. 173.
t. 87. Basilicum citratum, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 266. t. 93.
f. 1.
Var. y, glahratum (Benth. 1. c.) stem erect; petioles and ca-
lyxes sparingly ciliated ; leaves hardly toothed ; racemes elon-
gated, simple. ©. H. O. integerrimum, Willd. spec. 3. p.
162. O. caryophyllatum, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 45. O. lanceo-
latum, Schum. pi. guin. in act. acad. hafn. 4. p. 42.
Var. c, majus (Benth. 1. c.) leaves ovate, and are, as well as
the calyxes, large ; racemes elongated, simple. ©. H. O.
majus, Hort.
Var. I, album (Benth, 1. c.) leaves broad-ovate, thickish,
toothed ; raceme short, dense, hardly ciliated, canescent ; co-
rollas glabrous or villous. ©. H. O. album, Lin. mant. 85.
O. laxum, Vahl, herb. O. Americanum. Jacq. hort. vind. 3.
t. 86.
Var. f, difforme (Benth. I.e.) leaves blistered, curled, or vari-
ously laciniately toothed ; corollas usually villous ; raceme vari-
ous. ©. H. O. bullatum. Lam. diet. 1. p. 384. O. urticae-
folium, Hortul, but not of Roth. O. fimbriatum. Roth. O.
peltatum, Hortul. O. cochleatum, Hort, par. O. scutella-
rioides crispum, Burm.
1
LABIATE. I. OcYMUM.
671
P'ar. T), dcnsijlorum (Benth. 1. c.) erect, glabrous ; petioles
and calyxes hardly ciliated ; raceme short, a little branched.
O. H. O. Barrelieri, Roth, nov. spec. 278. Plectranthus
Barrelieri, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 691.
Jar. 6, purpurdsccns (Bentli. 1. c.) erect, glabrous, dark pur-
ple ; petioles and calyxes hardly ciliated ; raceme elongated,
much branched. 0. H. O. medium, Mill. diet. O. nigrum,
Thouin.
Var. I, thrjrstflorum (Benth. 1. c.) erect, glabrous ; petioles
and calyxes hardly ciliated; raceme thyrsoid, branched. ©.
H. O. thyrsiflorum, Lin. mant. 84. Rlurr. conmi. goett. 8.
p. 47. t. 5. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 72.
Comwo/i or Sweet-Basil. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1.548. PI. 1
to 1| foot.
3 O. Forskce'lii (Benth. lab. p. 6.) stem herbaceous, pubes-
cent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, rounded at the base,
almost quite entire, smoothish : petioles and nerves ciliated ;
racemes simple ; iVuctil'erous calyxes longer than the pedicels,
inflated, campanulate, reflexed, ciliated above the gibbosities at
the base; upper tooth orbicular, concave. ©. H. Native of
Arabia Felix. O. gratissimum, Forsk. fl. a?gypt. p. 110. but
not of Lin. Allied to the two preceding. Leaves canescent,
glabrous above, and hispid on the nerves beneath, hardly cre-
nated on the margins.
ForskoeVs Basil. PI. 1 to U foot.
4 O. mi'nimum (Lin. spec. Si^S.) stem herbaceous, erect,
finely pubescent ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, almost quite
entire, glabrous ; petioles naked : floral leaves almost like the
others ; raceme simple, short ; whorls loose ; calyxes rather
shorter than the pedicels, reflexed in the fructiferous state ;
upper tooth orbicular: lower ones short, acute. 0. H. Na-
tive of Chili, near Valparaiso. Schkuhr, handb. 2. t. 166. ?
O. salhium Molina, Nat. hist. chil. 291. Much branched.
Leaves hardly larger than those of Thymus serpyllum. Coiollas
white.
Least Basil. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1573. PI. \ to 1 foot.
5 O. Selloi (Benth. lab. p. 6.) quite glabrous ; stem her-
baceous, erect, nearly simple ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate,
acute, coarsely serrated, subcuneated at the base : floral ones
sessile, shorter than the calyx, deciduous; raceme simple;
fructiferous calyxes longer than the pedicels, ovate, reflexed, a
little incurved, quite glabrous : upper tooth ovate, obtuse, con-
cave. '2^. S. Native of South America ; Brazil, Sello ; New
Spain, Mocino et Sesse. Stem branched from the perennial
base ; branches simple. Corolla white.
Sello s Basil. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 O. vi'iuDE (Willd. enum. 639.) stem shrubby, branched,
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, crenated,
narrowed at the base, glabrous or downy on the ribs : floral
leaves bractea-formed, ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; raceme
branched ; calyxes about equal in length to the pedicels, nutant
in the fructiferous state : upper tooth ovate, acuminated, con-
cave ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; stamens a little ex-
serted. t^ . S. Native of the west coast of Africa, within the
tropics. O. viridiflorum. Roth, catal. 54. nov. spec. 279. O.
heptodon, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 59. t. 94. bad. O. febrifugum,
Lindl. hot. reg. 753. Branches subtetragonaj, pilose. Leaves
glandularly dotted beneath. Calyxes pilose, and glandularly
dotted. Corolla small, greenish-white. The leaves of this spe-
cies are used in the manner of tea, as. a febrifuge, at Sierra
Leone, under the name of Fever-plant.
Green Basil. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to 4
feet.
7 O. GRATi'ssiMUM (Lin. spec. 832.) stem shrubby, smooth-
ish ; leaves petiulate, ovate, acute, crenated or coarsely toothed,
narrowed at the base, glabrous or downy along the ribs ; floral
leaves bractea-formed, lanceo-
late, acuminated, hastate at the FIG. 74.
base ; raceme simple or a little
branched at the base, pubes-
cent; fructiferous calyxes nu-
tant: upper tooth ovate-oblong:
lower ones very short ; corolla
hardly exceeding the calyx ;
stamens exserted. Ij • ^- N**"
tive of the East Indies. O.
Zeylanicum, Burm. zeyl. 174.
t. 80. f. 1. O. friitescens. Mill.
diet. no. 6. O. petiolare. Lam.
diet. 1. p. 385. O. gratissi-
mum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 495.
Cattu Tirtava, Rheed. raal. 10.
p. 171. t. 86. Branches bluntly
tetragonal. Pedicels short, and
are, as well as the calyxes, pu-
bescent. Corollas white, (fig. 74.)
Very-grateful Basil. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1751. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
8 O. sua've (Willd. enum. 629.) stem shrubby, villous ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, crenated, narrowed
at the base, wrinkled, villous ; floral leaves bractea-formed,
ovate, acuminated ; raceme somewhat panicled ; whorls 6-
flowered ; fructiferous calyxes nutant : upper tooth ovate : late-
ral ones truncate ; corolla larger than the calyx. tj . S. Na-
tive of Madagascar. O. urticcefolium. Roth, catal. p. 52. nov.
spec. p. 279. O. gratissimum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 386. but not of
Lin. O. Zeylanicum, Desf. hort. par. ed. 2d. p. 75. O. villo-
sum, Weinm. in syll. pi. ratisb. 1. p. 121. but not of Roxb. O.
holosericeum, Breit. ex Steudel. nom. p. 55d. Branches
bluntly tetragonal. Corolla white, larger than those of the pre-
ceding species. Stamens exserted.
Sneet Basil. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to .'3
feet.
9 O. Boje'ri (Benth. lap. p. 8.) stem shrubby, tomentose ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, rounded at the base or cor-
date, wrinkled, tomentose ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated ;
raceme simple; whorls about 10-flowered ; calyxes nutant:
upper tooth ovate : lower ones very short ; corolla twice as
long as the calyx ; stamens exserted. Vj . S. Native of Ma-
dagascar. O. cordifolium, Bojer ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 240. ?
Bojers Basil. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
10 O. FiLAMENTOsuM (l;orsk. fl. agypt. p. 108.) stem shrub-
by, branched, clothed with hoary tonientum ; leaves on short
petioles, ovate-oblong, narrowed at both ends, acutely serrated,
finely pubescent ; raceme simple ; calyxes longer than the pedi-
cels, reflexed in the fructiferous state : lateral teeth truncate :
lower ones shortly mucronate ; corolla 4 times as long as the
calyx ; genitals much exserted. f; . S. Native of the eastern
coast of Africa, within the tropics ; Abyssinia, Bruce ; Arabia
Felix, near Mount Melhan, Forsk. O. Abyssinicum, Hort.
par. O. grandiflorum, Lher. stirp. 89. t. 43. Branches bluntly
tetragonal. Floral leaves coloured. Corolla white; tube ex-
serted.
Thready Basil. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1802. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
11 O. sERPYLLiFOLiuM (Forsk. fl. aegypt. p. 110.) stem
shrubby ; branches canescent ; leaves oblong, cuneated, quite
entire, clothed with hoary tomentum, narrowed at the base ;
raceme simple, few-flowered ; whorls loose, 6-flowered ; ca-
lyxes declinate, canescent : upper tooth ovate, obtuse : lateral
ones ovate, acute : lower ones lanceolate, acuminated ; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx ; stamens much exserted. !j .
672
LABIATE. I. OcYMiur.
G. Native of Arabia Felix, on Mout Chadra, Foisk. ; Cape of
Good Hope, Burcliell. O. Burclielllaniim, Bentli. lab. p. 8.
O. fruticulosum, Biircli. Leaves about tlie size of tliose of
Thymus vulgaris, fascicled. Processes of filaments large, vil-
lous. Corollas purplish.
JVild-T/iyme-\ea\ed Basil. Shnib dwarf.
12 O. adsce'ndens (Willd. spec. 3. p. 166.) stem herbace-
ous, prostrate ; branches pubescent ; leaves petiolatc, ovate-
oblong, obtuse, a little toothed, narrowed at the base, jiubes-
cent; floral leaves bractea-formed, deciduous ; raceme simple ;
fructiferous calyxes nutant : tube striated : lateral segments
truncate, with membranous ciliated edges ; corolla twice longer
than the calyx; stamens much exserted. 11- H. Native of
the East Indies, in sandy places. O. I'ndicum, Roth, nov.
spec. p. 27ii. Plectranthus I'ndicus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 691.
O. cristatum, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 45. Leaves hardly larger
than those of O. minimum, often clothed with hoary tomentum
beneath.
Ascending Basil. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. prostrate.
f Species belonging to the present section, but are not suffi-
ciently known.
13 O. Guinee'nse (Schum. pi. guin. 1. c.) suffruticose,
branched ; branches hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, attenuated
at both ends, serrated, pilose beneath, dotted and wrinkled ;
racemes terminal, branched ; calyxes glabrous ; bracteas del-
toid, acuminated, deciduous. Pj . S. Native of Guinea, in the
woods of Accra, Thonning. Branches quadrangidar. Corolla
length of calyx. Upper tooth of calyx broadly orbicular, acu-
minated, concave outside ; middle tooth of the lower lip emar-
ginate, deflexed.
Guinea Basil. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
14 O. arista"tum (Blum, bijdr. 833.) leaves ovate, obtuse,
repandly erenulated, attenuated at the base, quite entire, pube-
rulnus on the margins and veins beneath ; branches tetragonal,
and are, as well as the nearly simple raceme, obversely pubes-
cent ; whorls remote, 6-flowercd ; bracteas ovate-acuminated,
ciliated, sessile ; lower lip of calyx 4-toothed : middle teeth
with long awns. — Native of Java, about Batavia, in grassy
places.
Awned-ca\yxed Basil. PI.
ISO. brachia'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 833.) leaves lanceolate-
ovate, acutish at both ends, remotely serrulated above, puberu-
lous on tlie margins and ribs beneath ; branches fastigiate, tetra-
gonal, obversely hispid ; whorls distinct, 6-flowered ; bracteas
ovate, petiolate, and are, as well as the pubescent calyx, cili-
ated ; lower lip of calyx 4-toothed: middle teeth the longest. —
Native of Java, in dry places about Batavia.
Armed Basil. PI.
Sect. IL Hieroscymum (froin Ispog, hieros, holy ; and Ocy-
mum ; so called because this section contains O. sanctum.)
Benth. lab. p. 11. Superior filaments appendiculate by a fas-
cicle of hairs at base. Raceme loose, slender ; whorls 6-flow-
ered. Pedicels spreading. Calyxes nutant.
16 O. CARNOSUM (Link, et Otto, ex Benth. lab. p. 11.) stem
herbaceous, nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, .ovate, acutish,
coarsely serrated, smoothish, rather fleshy ; floral leaves bractea-
formed, deciduous ; raceme simple, many-flowered ; whorls 6-
flowered ; calyxes carapanulate, glabrous : throat naked inside :
upper tooth with reflexed margins: lateral ones truncate; corolla
hardly exceeding the calyx. ©. ? S. Native of South Ame-
rica, Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and New Spain. Lumnitzera car-
nosa, Spreng. cur. post. 223. ? Stein sometimes pubescent
towards the top. Leaves glandular beneath. Corolla small,
purplish.
Fleshy Basil. PI. erect.
17 O. sa'nctum (Lin. mant. 85.) stems pilose; leaves peti-
olate, oval, obtuse, toothed, pubescent, with the nerves and
petioles pilose : floral ones bractea-formed, sessile, shorter than
the pedicels ; raceine slender, simple, or branched at the base ;
calyxes shorter than the pedicels, smoothish : throat naked
inside : upper tooth obovate, concave ; corolla hardly exceeding
the calyx. ©. S. Native of the East Indies, in dry places,
common. O. hirsutum, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 14.
O. villosum, Roxb. hort. beng. 44. ? but not of Weinm. O.
tomentosura. Lam. diet. 1. p. 3S7. Lumnitzera tenuiflora,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 687. O. tenuifiorum, Lam. Willd. but not
of Lin. Plectranthus monachorum, Lin. mant. 58. O. inodo-
rum, Burm. fl. ind. 130. O. frutescens, Burm. fl. ind. p. 129.
— Burm. thes. zeyl. 174. t. 80. f. 2. and f. 1. Basilicum
agreste, Ruuiph. amb. 5. p. 265. t. 92. f. 2. The whole plant
is generally purplish. Leaves small, on long petioles. Corollas
pale purplish. Stamens a little exserted.
Holy Basil. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 foot.
ISO. TENUiFLORUM (Lin. spec. 833. exclusive of the syno-
nymes) stems herbaceous, ? ascending, branched, pilose ; leaves
on long petioles, oblong, blunti.sh, crenated, rather narrowed at
the base, pubescent ; racemes filiform, branched a little at the
base ; whorls few-flowered, remote ; floral leaves broad-ovate,
sessile ; calyxes on short pedicels, rather nutant, smoothish :
throat naked inside : upper tooth ovate, obtuse : lower ones
short; corolla rather shorter than the calyx. — Native of the
East Indies. Very nearly related to O. sanctum, but the ra-
cemes are shorter, the floral leaves broader, and the flowers very
small and sessile.
Thin-Jlowered Basil. PI. 1 foot. ?
19 O. GRA^ciLE (Benth. lab. p. 12.) stems ascending, pilose,
panicled at top ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-ovate, obtuse,
crenated, narrowed at the base, pubescent : superior ones lance-
olate, nearly sessile : floral ones bractea-formed, sessile, much
shorter than the pedicels; racemes numerous, simple; fructi-
ferous calyxes longer than the pedicels, declinate : throat villous
inside : upper tooth ovate-obtuse ; corolla rather shorter than
the calyx. — Native of the Eastern coast of Africa, within the
tropic ; Island of Zanquebar. Very nearly related to 0. sAnc-
tum, but differs in the leaves being narrower, the flowers
smaller, and in the calyx being villous inside.
,S7en(/er Basil. Pl.'l foot..?
20 O. tene'llum (Benth. lab. p. 12.) glabrous; stem small,
creeping ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, crenated ; racemes
loose, siinple, the whorls 6-flovvered ; calyxes on long pedicels,
declinate, glabrous : upper tooth ovate, very blunt : throat
naked inside ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; genitals
exserted. — Native of Madagascar, Lyall. Habit of Salvia te-
nclla. Sterile branches creeping, generally pubescent, florifer-
ous ones ascending, glabrous. Leaves like those of Linaria
cymbalaria : floral ones very minute. Corolla of O. sanctum.
Slender Basil. PI. creeping.
Sect. III. Gymnocymum (from yu/ii'oc, gymnos, naked ; and^
Ocymum ; so called in allusion to the filaments being naked.)
Benth. lab. 12. Filaments all naked and toothless. Whorls
6-flowered, rarely 10-flowered. Pedicels shorter than the
calyxes.
21 O. micra'nthum (Willd. enum. 630.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute,
serrated, rounded at the base, or cuneated, nearly glabrous :
floral ones bractea-formed, deciduous; fructiferous calyx de-
flexed, oblong : upper tooth obtuse, concave ; corolla inclosed.
O. H. Native of Tropical America, from Caraccas to Rio
Janeiro. O. frutescens, Sieb. pi. exsic. O. Americ^num, of
LABIATiE. I. OcYMUM.
673
many authors. O. pub6sccns, Mill. diet. O. montanum, Hook,
bot. mag. 2996. Stem bluntly tetragonal. Leaves glabrous, or
pubescent, glandular beneath. Corolla white, or pale purple,
inclosed in the calyx.
Small-Jlonered Basil Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot.
22 O. Campeciiia'num (Mill. diet. no. 5.) stem erect, villous,
at length glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate,
acute, a little serrated, cuneate or narrowed at the base, canes-
cent beneath ; petioles and nerves of leaves hairy ; floral leaves
braetea-formed, broad, deciduous ; fructiferous calyx deflexed,
oblong, hispid : upper tooth obtuse, concave : lower ones end-
ing in long awns like most of the species. — Native of New
Spain ; at Campeachy, Miller. This species differs from 0.
niicrdnthum in the stem being hairy, especially at the nodi, as
well as on the nerves and petioles of the leaves, and in the leaves
being smaller and canescent beneath. Corollas white.
Campeachy Basil. PI. 2 feet.
23 O. ova'tum (Benth. lab. p. 13.) stems erect, a little
branched ; leaves nearly sessile, broad-ovate, a little toothed,
rounded at the base, smoothish, or hispid : floral ones bractea-
fornied, deciduous ; racemes short ; fructil'erous calyx ovate,
inflated, deflexed : upper tooth ovate-oblong, obtuse, concave ;
corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. 1/. S. Native of the
South of Brazil, Sello. Stem villous. Leaves bluntish, entire,
or 1-2-toothed.
Oia^e-leaved Basil. PI. j to 1 foot.
24 O. NUDicAULE (Benth. lab. p. 14.) stem simple, naked ;
leaves approximate at the base of the stem, hardly petiolate,
ovate roundish, rather pilose ; racemes elonijated ; calyx ovate,
deflexed : upper tooth running beyond the middle of the calyx ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx. — Native of the South of
Brazil, Sello. Stems rising from a thick woody base, tetra-
gonal, glabrous, or downy.
Naked-stemmed Basil. PI. ascending.
25 O. ri'gidum (Benth. I.e.) branches erect, strict, pubes-
cent ; leaves sessile, stem-clasping, lanceolate, acute, quite en-
tire, rounded at the base, stifle, ciliated : floral ones braetea-
formed, ciliated; raceme loose; whorls 2-flowered ; throat of
corolla naked inside; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. I^ . S.
Native of Angola. Branches eompressedly tetragonal. Rachi
of flowers clothed with glandular down.
Stiff Basil. Shrub.
26 O. tereiicau'le (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 595.) stem suf-
fruticose, villous ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, irregidarly
serrated, narrowed a long way at the base, pubescent on both
surfaces : floral ones conform, longer than the flowers : upper
ones permanent ; calyx declinate, tubular, hispid ; corolla
hardly longer than the calyx. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. O.
Thonningii, Schum. pi. guin. in act. roc. hafn. 4. p. 39. Branches
terete. Whorls 6-flowered. Genitals inclosed in the tube.
Terete -stemmed Basil. Shrub diffuse.
27 O. BRACTEOsuM (Benth. lab. p. 14.) stem herbaceous,
erect, pilosely hispid ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lance-
olate, acutish, remotely serrated, narrowed at the base, smooth-
ish above, and rather hispid beneath : floral ones braetea-form-
ed, 2-3-times longer than the calyxes, cuneated, coloured ; fructi-
ferous calyxes reflexed, ovate, a little inflated : upper tooth
ovate; stamens a little exserted. ©• S. Native of the west
coast of Africa, within the tropic. Branches bluntly tetragonal.
Leaves 1-2 inches long, pale beneath.
Bracteate Basil. PI. 1 to U foot.
2S O. ? DiFFu'suM (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 2. p. 14. lab. p.
15.) stem sufFruticose, diffuse, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
crenated, roundedly cuneated at the base, villously tomentose ;
racemes slender, few-flowered ; corolla hardly twice as long as
VOL. IT.
the calyx, with a straight tube, and nearly equal throat ; stamens
shorter than the corolla. F? . S. Native of the East Indies, in
arid places. Shrub much branched, clothed with rather clammy
down all over. Whorls 2-4, rarely 6-flowered.
Diffuse Basil. Shrub diffuse, humble.
29 O. ? membrana'ceum (Benth. lab. p. 15.) stem erect, vil-
lous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded
at the base, wrinkled, villous : lower floral ones conform : supe-
rior ones braetea-formed, lanceolate, membranous, villous ;
racemes simple; whorls usually 10-flowered; calyxes oblong,
pubescent : upper tooth orbicular, hardly decurrent, membra-
nous ; stamens shorter than the corolla. ©.? S. Native of
Angola. Leaves minutely glandular : floral ones sessile. Co-
rolla hardly exceeding the calyx.
71/t'mirano!(s-calyxed Basil. PI. erect.
-|- Species not siifficicnlhj known.
30 O. Africa'num (Lour. coch. p. 370.) leaves lanceolate,
quite entire, pilose ; spike terminal, verticillate, interrupted.
©. S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa, in sandy places.
Stem tetragonal, pilose. Leaves pilose, petiolate, ovate-lan-
ceolate. Flowers white, minute. Spikes hairy. Plant sweet-
scented.
African Basil. PI. 1 foot.
31 O. Zatarhe'ndi (Forsk. fl. segypt. arab. p. 110.) leaves
fleshy, euneate-oblong, generally 4-toothed on both sides, vil-
lous, sessile. Pj . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Stem diffuse.
Branches terete, villous. Leaves villous, hoary above, and
scattered with rusty dots beneath. Whorls 6-flovvered. Plant
very fragrant.
Zatarhendi's Basil. Shrub 1 foot.
32 O. Vaals; (Forsk. fl. segypt. p. 111.) stem tetragonal,
bracteate ; roots filamentose ; fruit pilose. — Native of Arabia
Felix. Plant very sweet-scented.
Vaala's Basil. PI.
33 O. macrosta'chyum (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 392.) stem
suffruticose ; leaves ovate-sublanceolate, obtuse, a little toothed,
nearly glabrous ; spike dense, terminal. ^ . S. Native of the
East Indies, at Pondieherry. Stem much branched ; branches
pilose. Leaves small, hardly petiolate, oval, or oval-oblong,
rather fleshy. Flowers dense ; calyxes hairy.
Long-spiked Basil. Shrub.
31 O. viscosuM (Roth, nov. spec. 274.) plant clammy, very
pilose; leaves obovate-roundish, coarsely and bluntly serrated,
reticulately wrinkled beneath ; raceme simple ; bracteas ovate,
petiolate ; lower lip of calyx 4-toothed : middle teeth the long-
est.— Native of the East Indies. Whorls 4-6-flowered. Co-
rolla blood red. Filaments toothless. Perhaps a species of
Orthosiphon.
Clammy Basil. PI. | to 1 foot.
35 O. acu'tum (Thunb. fl. jap. 248.) racemes filiform ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, serrated ; bracteas hairy. — Native of Japan.
Stem tetragonal, glabrous. Petioles a little shorter than the
leaves, hairy on the midrib beneath. Bracteas ovate, acute,
hispid.
^cu<e-leaved Basil. PI.
36 O. cri'spum (Thunb. fl. jap. 248.) racemes terminal ;
leaves ovate, serrated, curled ; calyxes hispid. — Native of Japan,
about Nagasaki. Stem tetragonal, villous, branched. Leaves
petiolate, acuminated, glabrous, purplish, an inch long; petioles
villous. A decoction of this species is used in Japan to give a
deep red colour to radishes, turnips, and various kinds of fruits.
C«r/erf-leaved Basil. PI. ?
37 O. RUGosuM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 249.) racemes terminal ;
4 R
674
LABTAT.E. I. Ocymum. II. Geniosporum.
leaves ovate, acute, serrated, wrinkled beneath. — Native of Japan.
Stem tetragonal, furrowed, tomentose. Racemes of flowers
terminal, contracted.
WrinldedAeaved Basil. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
38 O. sca'brum (Thnnb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 338.) racemes
simple, erect ; leaves ovate, dotted beneath. — Native of Japan.
O. punct^tum, Thunb. jap. 249. Stem panicled, tetragonal,
scabrous from pili, like the whole plant. Leaves oblong, acute,
serrated. Racemes terminal ; flowers opposite.
Scabrous Basil. PI. 1 foot.
39 O. infle'xum (Thunb. fl. jap. 249.) panicle terminal,
racemose ; stem and branches flexuous. — Native of Japan.
Stem and branches inflexed at top, tomentose, tetragonal.
Leaves ovate, acute, serrated, scabrous. This species powdered
is used by the Japanese to perfume their idols.
Ivflexed-h ranched Basil. PI. 1 foot.
40 O. virga'ium (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 250.) racemes verticil-
late, twiggy ; leaves oblong, serrated. — Native of Japan. Stem
tetragonal, deeply furrowed, tomentose, branched. Leaves
obovate-oblong, tomentose, 1 inch and more long. Whorles
6-flowered.
Twiggy Basil. PI.
41 O. cine'retjm (R. Br. in append, to Salt. Abyss.) Native
of Abyssinia. This species has not yet been described.
Grey Basil. PI.
Cult. Plants of easy culture and propagation. Any light
rich soil will suit the species. The shrubby and perennial
kinds are readily increased by cuttings. The seeds of annual
kinds should be reared on a hot-bed, and afterwards planted
out. See O. Basilicum, p. 671.
II. GENIO'SPORUM (meaning unknown to us.) Wall.
mss. Benth. lab. 19. O'cymum, species of Lin. and other
authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-tubular,
with an irregularly, somewhat 5-toothed, membranous margin,
when bearing the fruit erectish, or declinate, usually transversely
wrinkled at the base ; throat naked inside ; upper tooth not
decurrent : lateral ones often joined by turns with the upper one
and lower ones. Corolla with a straight tube, which is rather
shorter than the calyx ; throat campanulate, sub-bilabiate ;
upper lip 4-cleft ; lower one hardly longer, declinate, quite
entire, flattish. Stamens 4, declinate, didynamous : lower ones
the longest ; filaments free, toothless ; anthers ovate-reniform,
with confluent cells. Style shortly bifid at top ; lobes usually
flattened ; stigmas submarginal. Achenia smooth, or wrinkled,
when examined by a lens. Annual, or perennial herbs, usually
procumbent at the base. Whorles many-flowered, disposed in
nearly simple racemes or spicate-racemes. Floral leaves usually
cartilaginous at the base, white or yellow. Flowers small.
The corolla is that of O'cymum and Moschosma, but the habit is
very different. The form of the calyx and the many-flowered
whorls separate it from the first ; and the calyx, inflorescence,
and style readily separate it from the latter.
Sect. I. Geniosporum (see genus for derivation.) Two lower
teeth of calyx free.
1 G. Madagascarie'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 20.) stem suffruti-
cose, procumbent, branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate, bluntish,
crenated, rounded at the base, or cordate, wrinkled, rather
villous on both surfaces : floral ones bractea-formed, ovate,
acute, white at the base. Tj. S. Native of Madagascar, on
Mount Tanonarivan. Stem bluntly tetragonal. Floral leaves
small, sessile. Whorles 10-flowered. Genitals exserted.
1
Madagascar Geniosporum. Shrub procumbent.
2 G. strobili'ferum (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 18. Benth.
lab. p. 20.) stem erect, branched ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-
oblong, narrowed at both ends, toothed, rough, hispid above,
and rather glabrous beneath ; whorls many-flowered, spicate on
the tops of the branches : lower ones rather remote ; floral
leaves ovate, acuminated, exceeding the flowers ; calyxes nearly
' sessile, erect in the fructiferous state, tubidar, transversely
wrinkled at the base, with an irregularly 5-toothed, membranous
border. J^ . S. Native of the East Indies ; as of Nipaul and
Silhet. Plectranthus colorata, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 116.
Cauline leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla hardly longer than the
calyx, blue. Genitals rather shorter than the corolla.
Slrohile-bearing Geniosporum. Shrub.
3 G. PARViFLORUM (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 18.
lab. p. 20.) stem erect, branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, narrowed at the base, serrated, strigosely hispid ; raceme
elongated, loose, many-flowered ; calyxes pedicellate, declinate
while bearing the fruit, transversely wrinkled at the base, with
a bilabiate border : upper lip tridentate : middle tooth larger,
ovate ; lower lip quite entire, inflexed, closing the calyx. —
Native of Silhet. Stem glabrous at the bottom, but hispid from
pili at top, and furnished with a fascicle of hairs in the axils of
the cauline and floral leaves. Leaves tapering into the short
petioles. Calyx hispid at the base. Corolla small. Stamens
exserted.
»S'ma//-;^o?i'ercrf Geniosporum. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
4 G. elonga'tum (Benth. lab. p. 21.) stem prostrate at the
base, and are, as well as the erectish, elongated branches, pubes-
cent ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrated,
attenuated at the base, rather hispid ; whorls many-flowered,
approximate, spicate ; calyxes on short pedicels, rather declinate
in the fructiferous state, ovate, striated at the base, and wrinkled
transversely, with a contracted mouth : upper tooth ovate,
membranous, obtuse, 4 lower ones smaller, and acute. — Native
of Ceylon, on the mountains, Macrae. Rhinanthus I'ndica,
Burm. fl. ind. 131. t. 39. f. 1.
Elongated-hx&nched Geniosporum. PI. prostrate.
5 G. gra'cile (Benth. lali. p. 21.) quite glabrous; stems
prostrate, much branched ; leaves oblong-linear, subserrated,
narrowed a long way at the base ; whorls many-flowered, loosely
racemose: lower ones remote; pedicels capillary, about twice
as long as the calyxes ; calyxes tubular, striated at the base,
transversely wrinkled, with a membranous, acutely 5-toothed,
sub-bilabiate mouth — Native of Ceylon, on the sea-shore near
Colombo, Macrae ; Coromandel, Klein. Very nearly allied to
G. prostrala, but is distinguished at first sight by its smooth-
ness, narrower leaves, and more loose inflorescence.
Slender Geniosporum. PI. prostrate.
6 G. prostra'tum (Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. IS.
lab. p. 21.) stem prostrate, and is, as well as the branches, his-
pid ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate : lower ones sub-ovate :
upper ones lanceolate-linear, serrated, narrowed at the base ;
whorls many-flowered, spicate : lower ones rather remote ;
calyxes pedicellate, declinate in the fructiferous state, striated at
the base, and transversely somewhat wrinkled, with an irregu-
larly bilabiate, membranous mouth ; upper lip tridentate, with
the middle tooth the largest : lower lip erect, bidentate. —
Native of the East Indies, Coromandel, Ceylon, &c. Lumnit-
zera prostrata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 687. O'cymum prostratum,
Lin. mant. p. 566. O'cymum raenthoides, Burm. fl. ind. p.
129. Lin. mant. 84. Thy'mus I'ndicus, Burm. fl. ind. p. 129.
Mentha ocymoides. Lam. diet. 4. p. 103. Elsholtzia ocymoides,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 114. Mentha Zeylanica, &c. Burm. thes.
zeyl. 158. t. 70. f. 2.— Katu-tumba, Rheed. maL 10. p. 183. t.
LABIATE. II. Geniosforum, III. Mesona. IV. Acrocephalus. V. Mosciiosma.
675
92. ? Much branched. Leaves | to 1 inch long. Whorls
10-20-flowered. Corollas minute. Stamens exscrted a little.
Prostrate Geniosporum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1783. PI.
prostrate.
7 G. THYMiFOLiuM (Benth. lab. p. 21.) stem herbaceous,
procumbent at the base, pubescent ; leaves sessile, ovate, ob-
tuse, crenated : floral ones conform, smaller : upper ones and
bracteas white and cartilaginous ; uhorls distant ; calyxes
nearly sessile, irregularly bilabiate : superior lip ovate, entire,
or toothed on botli sides at the base : lower lip entire, or bifid.
— Native of Madagascar. Stamens a little exserted. Leaves g
an inch long.
Thyme-lcavcd Geniosporum. PI. prostrate.
Sect. II. Platostoma (from TzXarvQ, platys, wide; and aroyia,
stoma, a mouth ; calyx.) Benth. lab. p. 22. Calycine teeth
combined into tuo almost entire lips.
8 G. Palisoti (Benlh. lab. p. 22.) stem erect, pubescent ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, cuneately rounded at the base : floral
ones hardly longer than the whorls of flowers ; raceme slender ;
lips of calyx membranous, nearly entire. 0. S. Native of
Guinea, and Congo. Platostoma Afric^num, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2.
p. 61. t. 95. f. 2. Ocymum sylviticum, Schum. pi. guin. in
act', acad. hafn. 4. p. H. Flowers small.
Palhot de Beauvois's Geniosporum. PI. 1 foot.?
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
Ill MESO'NA (from fj-eao^, mesos, middle ; so called be-
cause the genus was supposed by the author to be interme-
diate between the genus Ocymum and Scutellaria.) Blum, bijdr.
p. 838. Benth. lab. p. 22.
Lin. svst. D'tdynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx bilabiate :
upper lip divided : lower one small, at length inflexed. Upper
lip of corolla arched : lower one longer, undivided. Stamens
didynamous, declinate : of these the two shorter are appendicu-
late at the base ; anthers 1-celled, beardless. A genus inter-
mediate between O'cymum and Scutellaria, ex Blum. 1. c. This
genus is nearly allied to Geniosporum, but differs in the shorter
stamens being appendiculate at the base ; and from O'cymum
in the superior lip of calyx being divided, and in the inflores-
cence, ex Benth.
1 M. PALu'sTRis (Blum. 1. c.) If..'? S. Native of Java, in
marshes about Buitenzorg. Herb scentless. Leaves ovate-
oblong, toothed, wrinkled, rather pilose. Flowers densely and
verticillately spiked ; whorls bracteate ; pedicles fascicled.
Marsh Mesona. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
IV. ACROCE'PHALUS (from aiv-poe, akros, the highest;
and KeipnXri, kephale, a head ; in allusion to the flowers being
disposed in small, dense, terminal, imbricate heads.) Benth. in
bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 23. — O'cymum species, Lin. and
other authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate in the
' floriferous state, but elongated in the fructiferous state, tubular,
gibbous at the base, bilabiate : upper lip entire, flattish : lower
lip entire, or 4-toothe(l ; throat naked inside. Corolla about
equal in height to the calyx, sub-bilabiate : upper lip 4-toothed :
lower one entire ; lobes all nearly equal. Stamens 4, declinate ;
filaments free, toothless ; anthers ovaie-reniform, with confluent
cells. Style shortly bifid at apex ; lower lobe a little dilated,
flattened ; stigmas submarginal. Achenia glabrous, smooth. —
Herbs. Flowers small, disposed in densely imbricate, terminal,
almost globose heads. This genus differs from O'cymum, Genios-
porum and Mosciiosma by the form of the calyx, and more espe-
cially by the inflorescence. The form of the corolla distinguishes
it from all other genera of the tribe Ocymoidece.
1 A. cAriTA~Tus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 2. p. 18. lab. p. 23.)
stem procumbent, and are, as well as the leaves, which are ovate,
nearly glabrous ; lower lip of calyx 4-toothed. ©. S. Native
of the East Indies, China, &c. Lumniizera capitata, Spreno-.
syst. 2. p. 687. O'cymum capitatum, Roth, nov. spec. 276.
O'cymum capitellatum, Lin. niant. 276. Prunella I'ndica,
Burm. fl. ind. p. 130. Branches glabrous, or with a pilose line
on each side. Leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, remotely ser-
rated : floral ones 2-4 under each head, and longer than it,
sessile. Heads ovate, pedunculate, or sessile.
C'rt^)i/(j<e-flowered Acrocephalus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806.
PI. procumbent.
2 A. Blu'mei (Benth. lab. p. 23.) stem diffuse, tetragonal ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, coarsely serrated ; flowers densely capi-
tate, terminal, girded by ovate, nerved bracteas. ©. S. Na-
tive of Java, in grassy humid places about Rompien. O'cymum
acrocephalum, Blum, bijdr. p. 834.
Blume's Acrocephalus. PI. diffuse.
3 A. viLLosus (Benth. lab. p. 23.) stem erect, and is, as well
as the leaves, hairy ; lower lip of calyx quite entire. 0. S.
Native of Madagascar. Stem tetragonal, often glandular, as
well as the under sides of the leaves. Floral leaves 2-4 under
each head.
rUlous Acrocephalus. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
V. MOSCHO'SMA (from /joo-^^oc, moschos, musk ; and
ooj-iri, osme, a smell; plant exhaling a smell like that of musk.)
Rchb. consp. reg. veg. p. 171. Lumnitzera, Jacq. fil. eel. 2.
but not of Willd. — O'cymum species, Lin. and other authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, 5-
toothed : upper tooth the largest, with the margins not decur-
rent : lower teeth nearly equal, and somewhat declinate after
florescence ; throat naked inside. Corolla with an inclosed
tube, and a sub-bilabiate limb ; upper lip shortly quadrifid :
lower one quite entire, flattish ; lobes all nearly equal. Sta-
mens 4, declinate ; filaments free, toothless ; anthers ovate-
reniform, with confluent cells. Style elavately capitate, and
shortly bifid at apex ; stigmas minute. Achenia ovate, com-
pressed, smooth. — Herbs. Whorls few-flowered, secund,
loosely racemose ; racemes axillary, subpanicled. The clavate
style and form of the calyx separates this genus from the pre-
ceding genera. Flowers very minute.
1 M. roLYSTA^HYA (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 13.
lab. p. 24.) stem acutely tetragonal, with smooth or hardly
rough angles; whorls 6-10-flowered. ©. S. Native of the
East Indies; Arabia, at Senaar, Bove; tropical New Holland,
Bauer. Lumnitzera polystachya, Jacq. 1. c. O'cymum polys-
t^chyon, Lin. mant. 567. Murr. comm. goctt. nov. 3. p. 71.
t. 3. O'cymum tenuiflorum, Burm. ind. 129. but not of Lin.
Plectranthus parviflorus, R. Br. prod. p. 506. ? Plectranthus
micranthus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 691. Plant branched. Leaves
on long petioles, ovate, acutish, crenated, rounded at the base,
glabrous, or finely downy above. Corolla minute, pale purple.
Many-spiked Moschosma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1783. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
2 M. Austra'le (Benth. lab. p. 708.) stem acutely tetrago-
nal, with smooth angles ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, pu-
bescent; whorls loosely 6-10-flowered, distant; style bifid at
apex. O. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Plectranthus moschatus, R. Br. prod. 506. Lumnitzera mos-
ch^ta, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 687. Hardly distinct from M. poly-
stachya, except that the leaves are pubescent, the racemes
4 R 2
676
LABIATiE. V. MoscHosMA. VI. Orthosiphon.
lon,';er and more loose, the lower teeth of the calyx narrowed,
and the style more deeply bifid.
Southern Moschosma. PI. 1 to 2 Feet.
3 M. dimidia'tum (Benth. lab. ^4.) stem acutely tetragonal,
with smooth angles ; racemes elongated ; whorls about 10-
flowered, glomerate, remotish. 0. S. Native of the west
coast of Africa, within the tropics. O'cyinum dimidiatum,
Schum. pi. guin. 1. c. p. 41. Very nearly allied to the pre-
ceding ; but differs in the larger leaves, longer racemes, smaller
flowers, and usually 10-flowered, distant whorls.
Dimidiate Moschosma. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 M. ocymoi'des (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 2. p. 13.) stem
tetragonal, with rough angles; whorls loose, G-flowered. ©.
S. Native of the East Indies, in .Silhet. Lumnitzera ocy-
moides, Jacq. 1. c. O'cymum polycladum. Link. enum. 2. p.
119. Habit of M. fohjstachya ; but the leaves are more
acutely serrated, hispid above, and canescent beneath. Upper
lip of calyx tridentate : teeth ovate : middle tooth the broadest ;
lower lip bidentate : teeth lanceolate, acute.
Basil-like Moschosma. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
f A sjiecies doubtful whether belonging to the genus.
5 M. Cje'sia (Benth. lab. p. 25.) branches smoothish, terete ;
leaves ovate, dentately crenated ; peduncles subverticillate,
bracteate at the base. ©. S. Native country unknown. Lum-
nitzera cse'sia, Spreng. cur. post. 223.
Grey Moschosma. PI. 1 to 2 feet.?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ocy'mum, p. G74.
VI. ORTHOSITHON (from opeoe, orthos, straight ; and
frupu))', siphon, a tube ; in reference to the straight tube of the
corolla.) Benth. in Bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 25.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-tubular,
5 toothed ; margins of superior tooth, which is ovate, mem-
branous, decurrent, winged, deflexed after florescence. Corolla
with a straight or incurved exserted tube, neitiier gibbous nor
refracted ; throat equal or rarely inflated, bilabiate ; upper lip
3-4-cleft : lower one quite entire, concave. Stamens 4, decli-
nate ; filaments free, toothless ; anthers ovate-reniform, with
confluent cells. Style clavately capitate at apex, nearly entire
or shortly emarginate ; stigmas confluent in the fork, sometimes
minute, sometimes capitately thickened. Achenia rugged from
minute dots. — Perennial herbs or undershrnbs. Racemes sim-
ple, usually elonnated, rarely ovate-spike-formed ; whorls 6-
flovvered, distant, loose. Floral leaves bractea-formed, ovate,
acuminated, reflexed, usually shorter than the pedicels. Fructi-
ferous pedicels recurved. The chief characters which distin-
guish this genus are the length of the tube of the corolla, and
the capitate apex of the style.
1 O. rubicu'ndus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 14.)
stems tufted, leafy at the base, branched ; leaves oblong-ovate,
coarsely toothed, narrowed at the base : lower ones petiolate :
superior ones sessile ; tube of corolla straight ; throat nearly
equal, twice as long as the calyx ; stamens equal in length to
the corolla. If. S. Native of the East Indies. Plectranthus
rubicunda, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 116. Lumnitzera rubi-
cdnda, Spreng. cur. post. p. 223. Root often tuberous. Stems
tetragonal, more or less villous from articulated clammy hairs.
Leaves 2-3 inches long, full of glandular dots. Corolla white
or pale purple.
Var. a, moUissimus (Benth. lab. p. 26.) leaves clothed with
soft villi on both surfaces. 1/. S. Native of Nipaul and
Kamaon, Wall. Plectranthus mollissimus. Wall. mss.
Var. jo, canescens (Benth. 1. c.) leaves clothed with short
tomentose pubescence. % . S. Native of the mountains of
Orixa, Roxb. ; and at Segain, in the Birman Empire. Plec-
tranthus tuberosus, Roxb. mss. O'cymum tuberosum, Roxb. in
herb. Banks.
Jar. y, rigidus (Benth. 1. c.) leaves smoothish, or clothed
with very short tomentum. '2f.S. Native at Nathpur and
Monghyr, Hamilt.
Reddish Orthosiphon. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
2 O. virga'tus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 2. p. 14. lab. p. 26.)
stems tufted at the base ; branches erect, strict ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, a little toothed, narrowed at the base, sessile, or the
lower ones stand on short petioles ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx : tube straightish : throat nearly equal ; stamens about
equal in length to the corolla. 1/. S. Native of the East
Indies, at Gorakpur, and in the mountains of Morang, Hamilt. ;
mountains about Molnin, Jacquemont. Plectranthus virgata,
D. Don, ])rod. fl. nep. p. 116. Lumnitzera virgata, Spreng.
syst. cur. post. 223. This species differs from O. rubicundus in
the stems being taller ; in the leaves being narrower ; in the
racemes being shorter and fewer flowered ; in the whorls being
more remote ; in the corollas being smaller ; in the stems being
less leafy, and in the whole plant being smoothish.
Twiggy Orthosiphon. PI. 1 foot.
3 O. TOMENTOsus (Benth. 1. c.) stem suffruticose ; branches
ascending, clothed with tomentose pubescence ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, cuneated at the base, rounded or subcordate, thickish,
clothed with very short tomentose pubescence on both surfaces ;
petioles and axils naked ; racemes elongated ; corolla 3 times
as long as the calyx : tube incurved a little : throat widened a
little ; stamens shorter than the corolla. fj . S. Native of the
East Indies, near Madras, Wight. O'cymum triste, Roth. nov.
spec. 270. ? Plectranthus tristis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 690. In-
termediate between O. vischsus and O. glabralus.
Tomentose Orthosiphon. Shrub.
4 O. pa'llidus (Royle, mss. Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3.
p. 370. lab. p. 708.) glabrous or finely pubescent ; stem
ascending ; leaves ovate, petiolate, bluntly and coarsely toothed,
quite entire at the base, cuneated, and running into the petioles ;
corolla small : tube about equal in length to the calyx : throat
nearly equal ; stamens shorter than the corolla. %. S. Native
of the East Indies, on the banks of the Jumna, Royle; Cash-
mere ; and the Peninsula. Allied to O. lomentosus.
Pale Orthosiphon. PI.
5 O. glabra'tus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 14. lab.
p. 28.) stems ascending, branched, glabrous ; leaves on long
petioles, ovate, acute, toothed, rounded or subcordate at the
base, smoothish ; corolla incurved a little : tube twice as long
as the calyx : throat nearly e<pial ; stamens shorter than the
corolla. Ft . S. Native of the East Indies, Arabia, Guinea,
Madagascar. O'cymum thymiflorum. Roth. nov. spec. 269.
Plectranthus thyniiflorus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 690. O'cymum
suffruticosum, Schum. pi. guin. in act. hafn. suppl. O'cymum
Thonningii, Schum. pi. guin. in act. acad. hafn. 4. p. 43. Co-
rollas small, dark purple. Branches and often the leaves are
purplish, glabrous, or scabrous from minute pili.
G/a6)0!(i Orthosiphon. PI. 1 to I5 foot.
6 O. iNcuRvus (Benth. 1. c.) stem procumbent at the base,
ascending; leaves petiolate, oblong, crenated, narrowed at both
ends, and clothed with fine pubescence ; whorls subsecund ;
corolla villous, incurved, 3 times longer than the calyx : throat
nearly equal ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla.
1/ . S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet. Leaves 2-3
inches long. Tube of corolla exserted, usually very much in-
curved : lips spreading, as in Stachys and Betonica.
Incurved-i\o\\e!e(\ Orthosiphon. PI. 1 foot.
7 O. sca'piger (Benth. 1. c.) stems erect, simple, scape-
LABIATiE. VI. Orthosiphon. VII. Hoslundia. VIII. Plectranthus.
677
formed, rising from a thick, creeping, radicant base ; leaves ap-
proximate at the base of tlie stem, petiolate, ovate-oblong,
coarsely tootiied, narrowed at the base, smoothish ; racemes
elongated ; corolla about J times as long as the calyx : tube
straigiit : throat very wide ; stamens hardly longer than the
corolla. 1/ . G. Native of Nipaul. Stems smoothish. Leaves
nearly all radical, 3-5 inches long. Corolla blue ; upper lip
4-toothcd.
Scape-hearing Orthosiphon. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 O. stami'neus (Benth. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, erect, a little
branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, coarsely toothed,
cimeate and rounded at the base, or the upper ones are subcor-
date ; racemes loose ; corolla 3 times as long as the calyx :
tube erectish : upper lip dilated ; genitals much exserted. 1/ .
S. Native of the East Indies. O'cymum grandiflorum, Blum,
bijdr. p. 835. but not of Lher. Herb smoothish, or clothed with
tomentose pubescence. Flowers beautiful white ; upper lip
4-toothed. Flowers sometimes lilac.
Long-stamened Orthosiphon. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
9 O. capita'tus (Benth. lab. p. 29.) stem herbaceous, erect,
a little branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, coarsely
toothed, narrowed at the base ; racemes spike-formed, short,
dense, few-flowered ; corolla more or less longer than tlie
calyx ; genitals much exserted. 1/ . S. Native of the tropical
parts of America. Stems with 2 rows of short brown hairs.
Leaves 2-3 inches long, with a few short hairs above the rest
glabrous: floral leaves half stem- clasping. Corollas almost like
those of 0. slamineus, but the segments of the superior lip are
narrower.
Ca/)i7a/e-flowered Orthosiphon. PI. 1 to Ig foot.
Cult. For cidture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
VII. HOSLU'NDIA (named by Thonning, in memory of
Olaus Hoslund Smith, a young naturalist, who died of fever on
his way to Aquapim, in Western Africa.) Vahl, enum. 1. p.
212. Benth. lab. p. 706.
Lin. stst. Didynamia, Gymnosjic rmia. Calyx tubular, 5-
toothed. Corolla ringent ; upper lip concave. Stamens 4, 2 of
which are fertile. Achenia baccate, within the calyx. — Shrubs
with tetragonal branches, opposite or verticillate leaves, and
terminal panicles of flowers.
1 H. opposfiA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 53. t. 52.) leaves oppo-
site, oblong-ovate. H . S. Native of Guinea. Shrub much
branched. Branches with a villous line between the leaves.
Leaves sweet-scented, 2 inches long, remotely serrated, quite
entire at the base. Corolla white, twice as long as the calyx.
Opposite-\ea.veA Hoslundia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
2 H. verticilla'ta (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 213.) leaves lanceo-
late, 3 in a whorl. ^ . S. Native of Senegal, Dupuis. Branches
pubescent, canescent at top. Leaves 1^ inch long, tapering to
both ends, serrated, but entire at base and apex, glabrous above,
canescent beneath, and beset with scattered, shining, resinous
dots. Panicle less branched than the preceding. Flowers
small, clothed with canescent villi outside.
/F/ior/erf-leaved Hoslundia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
VIII. PLECTRA'NTHUS (from vrX/j/crpov, plectron,& cock's
spur ; and avQoc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the corolla
being spurred or gibbous above the base.) Lher. stirp. 1. p. 85.
Benth. lab. p. 29. Plectranthus species of authors. O'cymum
species of Lin. and other authors. — Germanea, Lam. diet. 2. p.
682. — Dentidia, Lour. coch. p. 369. — I'sodon, Schrad.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanulate
in the floriferous state, 5-toothed : teeth equal, or the upper one
is largest ; increasing in the fructiferous state, sometimes decli-
nate, straight, incurved, or inflated, with equal or variously bila-
biate teeth : sometimes erect, tubular, or campanulate, equally
5-toothed. Corolla with an exserted tube, gibbous or spurred
above the base, at length declinate, defracted, or straiii'htish ;
throat equal, rarely inflated, bilabiate : upper lip 3-1-cleft,
lower one entire, usually longer, concave. Stamens 4, decli-
nate, didynamous : lower ones the longest ; filaments free,
toothless ; anthers ovate, reniform : cells confluent, rarely a
little distinct and divaricate. Style shortly bifid at apex : lobes
nearly equal, subulate ; stigmas minute, terminal.— Herbs, sub-
shrubs, and shrubs. Whorls of flowers loose, usually cyniose,
many-flowered, loosely racemose, or panicled.
Sect. I. Germa'nea (named after M. de Saint Germain, an
amateur, and very distinguished cultivator of plants.) Benth.
lab. p. 32. Fructiferous calyx declinate ; upper tooth ovate :
the 4 lower ones lanceolate. Corolla spurred above the base. —
A shrub, with panicled flowers.
1 P. FRUTicosus (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 85. t. 41.) stem shrubby;
branches pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, subcordate,
doubly toothed, smoothish : floral ones bractea-forraed ; racemes
loose, panicled ; whorls loosely 6-flowered ; calyx campanu-
late. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Germanea
urticifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 682. Corollas blue, elegant. Plant
furnished with a few scattered hairs. Leaves 4 inches long.
Shrubby Plectranthus. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1744. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
Sect. II. Coleoi'des (from Coleus, and idea, like; plants
with the habit of species of Coleus.) Fructiferous calyx decli-
nate ; upper tooth ovate : lower ones narrower, and nearly
equal : or the lower ones are longer, and subconnate at the
base. Corolla gibbous above the base, not spurred, declinate or
defracted. — Herbs or shrubs. Flowers racemose or subpani-
cled.
2 P. vesti'tus (Benth. lab. p. 32.) stem shrubby ; branches
densely clothed with rufous villi ; leaves petiolate, oblong-
elliptic, bluntish, crenulated, ciuieated, and quite entire at the
base, wrinkled, clothed with fuscous pubescence above, and
rufous villi beneath ; racemes simple ; whorls loose, 6-flower-
ed ; lower teeth of calyx subulate ; tube of corolla straight.
I^ . S. Native of Madagascar, Bojer. Branches hardly tetra-
gonal.
Clothed Plectranthus. Shrub.
3 P. cane'scens (Benth. lab. p. 33.) branches clothed with
short tomentum ; leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, acute, cre-
nated, clothed with rufous tomentum above, a little wrinkled,
canescent beneath, and finely pubescent ; upper leaves lanceo-
late : floral ones bractea- formed ; racemes simple, terminal, ex-
ceeding the leaves ; whorls loose, 6-flowcred ; calyx campanu-
late: lower teeth subulate; tube of corolla inflated above, hardly
gibbous. 11 . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves coriaceous,
2-3 inches long.
Canescent Plectranthus. PL ?
4 P. LONGiFLORUs (Benth. lab. p. 33.) stem nearly simple,
densely tomentose ; leaves on long petioles, amply cordate-
ovate, acute, coarsely cronated, ratlier wrinkled, pubescent on
both surfaces : floral ones bractea-formed ; raceme simple,
shorter than the leaves ; whorls loose, 6-flowered, approxi-
mate ; calyxes campanulate : upper tooth roundisli : lower
ones subulate; tube of corolla straight. %. S. Native of
Madagascar, Bojer. Crenatures of leaves often serrated : floral
leaves sessile. Corolla nearly an inch long.
Long-Jlowered Plectranthus. PI.
5 P. punctVtus (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 87. t. 42.) stem herba-
678
LABIATjE. VHI. Plectbanthus.
ceous, erect, thick, pilosely hispid ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, or subcordate,
hispid on the nerves on both surfaces ; racemes simple or
branched at the base; whorls C-10-tlo«ered : upper ones ap-
proximate ; calyxes hispid, inflated in the fructiferous state :
lower teeth lanceolate; upper lip of corolla very short. %. 1
S. Native of Abyssinia, Bruce. O'cymum punctatum, Lin.
mant. p. 275. Galeopsis maculosa, Lam. diet. 2. p. GOl.
Germanea maculosa. Lam. diet. 2. p. 691. Germanea punctata,
Poir. diet. 2. p. 763. Stem often spotted. Hairs on the stem
and leaves articulated, and often glandular. Leaves 2 inches
long. Corollas small, pale blue ; disk of the upper lip lined
with purple : lower lip deeply spotted at apex.
Spotled-?io\sexeA Plectranthus. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1775.
PI. 2 feet.
6 P. Leschena'ultii (Benth. lab. p. 34.) stem erect, rather
fleshy, smoothish ; leaves on long petioles, oblong, acuminated,
bluntly-serrated, cuneately rounded at the base, and quite en-
tire, glabrous: floral ones deciduous ; racemes simple; whorls
loose, many-flowered ; peduncles rather fleshy, irregularly
branched ; lower teeth of calyx ovate-acuminated : middle ones
the longest ; tube of corolla elongated : throat dilated. ©• S.
Native of Java, Leschenault. Allied to P. cord'ijolius and F.
incisus. Leaves 4-6 inches long, minutely glandular beneath.
LeschenauU's Plectranthus. PI. ?
7 P. ROTUNDiFOLius (Sprcug. syst. 2. p. 690.) stem procum-
bent, and rooting at the base ; branches erect, thick, smoothish ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, bluntisb, crenated, rounded at
the base or cuneated, running somewhat down the petioles,
quite glabrous, thick, nerved ; floral leaves bractea-forraed ;
racemes simple ; whorls loose, many-flowered, approximate ;
calyx campanulate : upper tooth broad-oblong : lateral ones
truncate : lower one broad-ovate, connate, shortly acuminated ;
corolla decllnate : throat scarcely inflated. 1/ . S. Native of
the Mauritius and Coromandel. Coleus rugosus, Benth. in
Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 15. Germanea rotundifolia, Poir.
diet. 2. p. 763. Nepeta Madagascariensis, Lam. diet. 1. p.
712.?— Kurka, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 49. t. 25.? The whole
plant, when dried, is beset with minute black glands. Floral
leaves minute. Calyx downy. Corollas blue.
Round-leaved VXecir&nihxx?,. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
8 P. terna'tus (Sims. bot. mag. t. 2460.) stem erect ;
branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves on long peti-
oles, ovate-roundish, acute, coarsely crenated, narrowed a long
way at the base, rather fleshy, clothed with fine pubescence
above, and canescent beneath ; floral leaves bractea- formed ;
racemes simple ; whorls rather loose, many-flowered, approxi-
mate ; calyx campanulate : lower teeth broad-ovate, acute, very
short; corolla declinate : throat hardly inflated. %. S. Na-
tive of Madagascar. Root fibrous, bearing oblong tubercles,
for which it is cultivated, as well as the P. rolimdifblius.
Leaves usually 3 in a whorl. Corollas purple.
Tenm/c-leaved Plectranthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot.
9 P. ova'tus (Benth. lab. 709.) plant clothed with fine
pubescence ; stem herbaceous, erect ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, acuminated, crenated, rounded at the base, scabrous
above ; floral leaves bractea-formed ; racemes loose, panicled ;
whorls equal, usually 10-flowered ; fructiferous calyx droop-
ing, ovate, incurved, striated, reticulated, finely pubescent :
lower teeth lanceolate, acute. 11. t S. Native of Arabia Felix,
on the mountains. O'cymum gratissimum, Forsk. fl. aegypt. p.
110. but not of Lin. This plant differs from the other species
contained in this section in the form of the leaves ; but the
habit is that of P. cordifblius. Racemes of P. Australe.
Flowers oi P.friUkdsus, but the corolla is not spurred.
Oi'fl/e- leaved Plectranthus. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 P. fce'tidus (Benth. lab. p. 35.) stem thick, villous;
leaves on short petioles, broad-ovate, crenated, truncate at the
base, or cordate, thick, a little wrinkled, very villous ; floral
ones deciduous ; racemes dense, branched a little ; whorls
many-flowered, approximate; calyxes villous : lower teeth seta-
ceous ; tube of corolla defracted in the middle : throat liardly
inflated. !(..? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic,
at Endeavour river. O'cymum foe'tidum. Banks, herb. Plant
rufescent. Stem bluntly tetragonal. Floral leaves broad-ovate,
cordate, acuminated, glabrous above.
Felld Plectranthus. PI. ?
11 P. coRDiFoLius (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 116.) plant
clothed with fine pubescence ; stem herbaceous, erect, thickened
and fleshy at base ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, crenated,
broadly cordate at the base ; floral leaves bractea-formed, ovate-
cuneated ; racemes loose, panicled ; whorls secund, few-flow-
ered ; fructiferous calyxes nutant, ovate : lower teeth lanceo-
late, acuminated ; throat of corolla dilated. IjL. S. Native of
the East Indies; Nipaul, Wall. ; Himalaya, Royle. P. mollis,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 69. Benth. lab. 35. P. divaricatus, Weinm.
in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 1. p. 66. flora, 1826. 1. p. 174. O'cy-
mum molle. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol. 2. p. 322. P. incanus.
Link, enura. 2. p. 120. P. secundus, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 45.
P. Maypurensis, Roth. nov. spec. p. 271. Perin Tolassi,
Rheed. mal. 10. p. 167. t. 84. Root tuberous. Leaves 2-3
inches long. Corollas blue.
Heart-leaved Plectranthus. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
12 P. suBiNCi'sus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. rar. 2. p.
16.) smoothish; stem herbaceous, erect, hardly fleshy; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, deeply toothed, cordate at the base :
floral ones bractea-formed, ovate ; racemes loose, panicled a
little ; whorls secund ; fructiferous calyx rather nutant, ovate :
upper tooth ovate : lower ones ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ;
corolla 4 times longer than the calyx : tube rather gibbous be-
neath the base, defracted at the middle : throat dilated a little.
7^. ? S. Native of the East Indies, near Courtallum, Dindigul,
and Ceylon. Nearly allied to P. cordijol'ms.
Raiher-cut-\ea\ed Plectranthus. PI.
13 P. conge'stus (R. Br. prod. 506) stem clothed with
hoary pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated,
cuneated at the base, thick, wrinkled, villously tomentose : floral
ones minute, deciduous ; racemes dense, many-flowered, pa-
nicled ; whorls many-flowered, approximate ; caly.x declinate,
incurved in the fructiferous state, striated, pubescent : upper
tooth ovate, obtuse, not decurrent: lower ones lanceolate, acute:
corolla about twice as long as the calyx. 1(..'( S. Native of
tropical New Holland. Racemes spike-formed, elongated.
Whorls 20-flowered. Flowers minute, on short pedicels.
C/oji'rferf-flowered Plectranthus. PI.
14 P. Zeyla'nicus (Benth. lab. p. 36.) stem procumbent,
ascending, thick, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate-rounded,
crenated, pubescent : floral ones ovate-roundish, obtuse, bifari-
ously imbricated before the expansion of the flowers ; racemes
elongated, branched a little at the base ; whorls rather loose,
usually 10-flovvered ; calyxes declinate: upper lip ovate, acute,
shortly decurrent : lower teeth lanceolate-acute ; corolla 4 times
longer than the calyx : tube gibbous beneath at the base, de-
fracted at the middle : upper lip spreading : lower one ascend-
ing, stretched out, concave. 1^. ? S. Native of Ceylon, Macrae.
Allied to P. Australis ; but differs in the stature, and larger
leaves, and size and form of the corolla, &c.
Ceylon Plectranthus. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
15 P. Austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 506.) stem herbaceous,
erect, pubescent; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, deeply
crenated, rounded at the base, rather wrinkled, pubescent ;
LABIATiE. VIII. Plectranthus.
679
floral leaves ovate-roundish, deciduous ; racemes elongated,
simple ; wliorls rather loose, usually lO-flowered ; calyxes
declinate, incurved, striated, and smoothish in tlie fructiferous
state : upper tooth ovate, acuminated, scarcely decurrent : lower
teeth lanceolate, setaceously aciuninated ; corolla about 3 lines
longer than the calyx : tube rather gibbous at the base, decli-
nate : upper lip sjireading : lower one stretched out, concave.
©. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Lindl.
bot. reg. 1098. Leaves 1 to H inch long, truncate at the base,
or subcordate. Corollas pale purple.
Southern Plectranthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 182C. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
16 P. parvifi,6ri;s (Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 65. but not of
R. Br.) stem suflVuticose, erect, branched, tomentosely villous,
bluntly tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, cre-
nated, rounded at the base or cordate, wrinkled, villous on both
surfaces, white beneath ; floral leaves ovate-roundish, decidu-
ous ; racemes elongated, simple ; whorls rather loose, usually
]0-flowered; calyxes declinate, incurved in the fructiferous
state, striated : upper tooth acuminated, scarcely decurrent :
lower teeth lanceolate, setaceously acuminated ; corolla about
3 times as long as the calyx : tube subgibbous at base, decli-
nate. T-j . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, and
on the mountains about Port Jackson ; and Sandwich Islands.
Germanea parviflora, Poir. diet. 2. p. 764. ? P. graveolens, R.
Br. prod. p. 506. P. paniculatus, Jacq. fragm. p. 62. t. 91.
Flowers blue or purple. Very nearly allied to P. AuslraUs ;
but differs in the more humble stature, in the shrubby stem, in
the more villous leaves, and smaller leaves and flowers.
Small-Jlorvered Plectranthus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1805.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
17 P. Thunbe'rgii (Benth. lab. p. 37.) stem procumbent,
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, roundish, bluntly crenated, fleshy,
quite glabrous : racemes elongated, simple ; whorls loosely
4-6-flowered ; floral leaves acute, shorter than the pedicels ;
fructiferous calyx declinate, striated, iiardly incurved : upper
tooth ovate, acute, scarcely decurrent : lateral teeth lanceolate,
setaceously acuminated ; corolla 5 times as long as the calyx :
with a decurved tube, and an elongated incurved lower lip.
%.1 G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. O'cymum veni-
cillatum, Lin. sup])l. 276. O'cymum racemosum, Thunb. prod.
fl. cap. p. 96. Allied to P. Madagascariinsis, but differs from
it in the leaves being glabrous and fleshy. Corolla like that of
P. AuslraUs, but longer and more slender.
Thunberg's Plectranthus. PI. procumbent.
18 P. Madagascarie'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 37.) stem herba-
ceous, procumbent, villous ; branches ascending ; leaves petio-
late, roundish, obtuse, deeply crenated, very villous ; racemes
elongated, simple; whorls rather loose, usually 10-flowered,
sessile, membranous, roundish-cuneated, deciduous, villous be-
neath and glabrous above ; calyxes declinate, incurved in the
fructiferous state, striated : upper tooth ovate, hardly acumi-
nated, shortly decurrent : lower teeth lanceolate, setaceously
acuminated ; corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx, decli-
nate : tube rather gibbous at the base, and defracted at the
middle. !(. . ? S. Native of Madagascar and Mauritius, and
Arabia Felix. O'cymum auricula, Forsk. mss. in herb. Banks.
O'cymum Madagascariensis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 135. P. villosus,
Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. no. 152. O'cymum Hadiense, Forsk. fl.
aegypt. p. 109. P. ForskoeMii, Vahl, symb. p. 44. but not of
Willd.
Madagascar Plectranthus. PI. procumbent.
19 P. hi'rtus (Benth. lab. p. 38.) stem procumbent, hispid ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cuneated at the base,
very much wrinkled, hispid ; floral leaves minute ; racemes
elongated, nearly simple; whorls loosely 6-10-flowered ; ca-
lyxes declinate, incurved and striated in the fructiferous state :
upper tooth ovate, acute : lower teeth lanceolate, setaceously
acuminated ; corolla 4 times longer than the calyx: tube rather
gibbous at the base, defracted in the middle. If . ? G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, Masson. O'cymum liirtum, Banks,
herb. Nearly allied to P. Madagascariensis ; but differs in the
smaller, more wrinkled, and more hispid leaves, and in the
larger corolla, &c.
Hairy Plectranthus. PI. procumbent.
20 P. Siebe'ri (Benth. lab. p. 710.) stem herbaceous, pro-
cumbent, pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, bluntisli,
cuneated at the base, coarsely crenated, cut a little, thickish,
pubescent : floral ones almost wanting ; racemes loose, simple ;
whorls 6-flowered ; calyxes pubescent, declinate in the fructi-
ferous state, rather shorter than the pedicels, incurved, striated :
upper tooth roundish, acutish, hardly decurrent : lower lateral
ones lanceolate : middle ones setaceous ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx. 1/ . ? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic,
Sieber. Root thickened at apex. Lower segment of corolla
elongated, concave. Allied to the three preceding species.
S'ieber's Plectranthus. PI. procumbent.
21 Forste'ri (Benth. lab. p. 38.) stem herbaceous, erect,?
smoothish ; leaves petiolate, ovate, bluntish, cuneated at the
base, remotely crenated, smoothish : floral leaves very minute,
or almost wanting; racemes loose, simple ; whorls loosely 6-10-
flowered ; calyx glabrous, declinate in the fructiferous state,
shorter than its pedicel : upper tooth ovate, acute, hardly de-
current : lower lateral teeth lanceolate, acute : middle one
setaceous ; corolla minute, hardly twice as long as the floriferous
calyx. ©. ? S. Native of the New Hybrides ; in the islands
of Tanna, Forster. Plant slender, nearly glabrous. Racemes
slender.
Forster's Plectranthus. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. III. Heteroca'lyx (from Irtpoc, Aeieroi, variable ; and
caXi/s, calyx, a calyx.) Benth. lab. p. 39. Fructiferous calyx
declinate, bilabiate ; both lips almost quite entire, nearly equal.
Corolla gibbous above the base, not spurred, defracted. — Herbs.
Flowers racemose.
22 P. ? Palisoti (Benth. lab. p. 39.) stem erect, pubescent ;
leaves ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, or cordate,
pubescent on the nerves on both surfaces : floral leaves bractea-
formed ; raceme simple ; whorls 6-fiowered, remote ; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx. 0. S. Native of Tropical
Africa. O'cymum monostachyum, P. Beauv. fl. dow. 2. p. 60. t.
95. f. 1.
Palisot de Beauvois's Plectranthus. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. IV. Melissoides (so called from the plants having the
habit of species of Melissa.) Benth. lab. p. 39. Fructiferous
calyx declinate, bilabiate : upper lip tridentate : lower one
bidentate. Corolla spurreil above the base. — Herbs, with axil-
lary, few-flowered cymes.
23 P. melissoides (Benth. lab. p. 39.) stem herbaceous, with
rough angles ; leaves petiolate, broad ovate, cuneated at the
base, nearly glabrous, rough : floral ones conform ; whorls
axillary, loose, remote ; peduncles trifid on both sides ; calyx
campanulate, glabrous; teeth of calyx all ovate, acute. — Native
of the East Indies, in Silhet. Leaves small, scabrous from
minute bristles on the nerves.
Melissa-like Plectranthus. PI. procumbent. ?
Sect. V. I'sodon (from lo-oc, isos, equal ; and oIovq uZovtoc,
odous odojitos, a tooth ; in allusion to the teeth of the calyx
being all equal.) Schrad. in Benth. lab. p. 40. Fructiferous
680
LABIAT;E. VIII. Plectranthus.
calyx declinate ; teeth all equal, or disposed into two lips ; the
upper lip tridentate, and the lower one bidentate. Corolla
declinate, or defracted, gibbous above the base, not spurred. —
Herbs or under shrubs. Flowers panicled, rarely racemose.
^4- P. lanceola'tus (Bojer. tnss. ex Benth. lab. p. 40.) stem
erect, pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, stiff, pubescent,
narrowed into the short petioles at the base ; racemes simple ;
whorls loose, many-flowered ; calyx campanulate, equal, in-
flated, and incurved in the fruit-bearing state, with a contracted
mouth : teeth equal, short, obtuse, connivent ; corolla 5 times
longer than the calyx. 0.?S. Native of Madagascar, Bojer.
Stem tetragonal. Leaves bluntish, irregularly serrated. Tube
of corolla slender.
Zancco/a/e-leaved Plectranthus. PI.
25 P. OBLONGiFOLius (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 16. Benth.
lab. p. 40.) stem herbaceous, ascending, branched, glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, oblong, toothed, narrowed at both ends, rather
hispid above, glabrous beneath : floral ones and bracteas very
minute, or almost wanting ; panicles loose, branched, many-
flowered ; calyx hardly bilabiate, bluntly toothed, ovate, and
striated in the floriferous state, but lagenseform and inflated at
the base, and with a contracted mouth in the fructiferous state ;
corolla 3 times as long as the calyx ; stamens shorter than the
corolla. If..'! S. Native of Nipaul. Leaves 2 inches long.
Branches of peduncle 3-4-flowered. Calyx glabrous, beset
with red glands. Corolla hardly gibbous.
Oblong-leaved Plectranthus. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
26 P. scHRorHULARioiDEs (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 16.
Benth. lab. p. 40.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, nearly
glabrous ; leaves on long petioles, broad-ovate, crenated, round-
ed at the base, unequally cordate, or subcuncated : floral leaves
and bracteas minute ; panicles loose ; fructiferous calyx de-
clinate, inflated, deeply bilabiate : teeth all obtuse ; corolla
about 3 times as long as the calyx, inflated above the gibbosity ;
stamens exserted. 1/ . ? S. Native of Nipaul, and Kamaon.
Stem mucli branched, with pubescent angles. Leaves a hand
long, rather hispid above, and glandular beneath, with pubes-
cent nerves. Corolla whitish red, inodorous like the rest of
the plant.
Scroplmlaria-like Plectranthus, PI. 3 to 4 feet.
27 P. Wi'ghtii (Benth. lab. p. 41.) stem herbaceous, erect,
branched ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, or roundish, acu-
minated, cordate at the base, glabrous on both surfaces : lower
floral ones like the others : upper ones and bracteas mem-
branous, roundish-spathulate, shorter than the peduncles and
pedicels ; panicles much blanched, many-flowered ; fructiferous
calyx declinate, oblong, incurved, striated, glabrous, with an
obliquely bilabiate mouth : teeth nearly equal, ovate ; corolla
inflated, declinate above the gibbosity : tube one half longer
than the calyx; stamens exserted. !(.? S. Native of the
Peninsula of India ; on mountains about Madura and Tenivelly ;
and on Mount Kadrougon, Leschenault. Habit of P. strialus.
Corolla like that of P. scrophularioldes, but much smaller.
Leaves 1^ inch long, and 2 inches broad, long-acuminated, with
bluntly serrated edges.
Wight's Plectranthus. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
28 P. nigre'scens (Benth. lab. 710.) stem herbaceous, erect,
branched ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, cordate at the base,
rounded or narrowed ; panicles or racemes many-flowered ;
fructiferous calyx declinate, ovate, incurved, striated, deeply
bilabiate : upper lip truncate, shortly tridentate : lower one
bifid, with ovate teeth ; corolla declinate, hardly gibbous above,
but with the tube twice as long as the calyx ; stamens exserted.
i;. ? S. Native of Ceylon. P. Wightii, /3, Benth. l.ib. p. 41.
Plant clothed with clammy articulated hairs.
Blackish Plectranthus, PI. 3 to 4 feet.
29 P. striVtus (Benth, in Wall. pi. rar. asiat, 2, p, 17. lab.
p. 41.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, nearly glabrous ;
leaves nearly sessile, ovate, acuminated, crenated, cuneated at
the base, stiff, hispid above, and glabrous beneath ; panicle
loose, much branched, many-flowered ; calyx declinate, oblong,
sub-bilabiate, with obtuse, nearly equal teeth, incurved, striated,
glabrous, but glandular in the fructiferous state ; corolla with a
declinate tube, which is rather gibbous above the base, straight
at the middle; stamens a little exserted. %. S. Native of
Silhet and Nipaul, Wall ; Mussooree, Royle. Deyra Dhoon,
Jacquemont. Stem sometimes pubescent. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 1| broad.
iS'fria(ed-caiyxed Plectranthus. PI. 2 to S feet,
SO P. HispiDus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 17. lab.
p. 41.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, pubescent; leaves
nearly sessile, ovate, acuminated, toothed, cuneated at the base,
stiff, hispid above, and pubescent beneath, and densely glan-
dular ; panicles loose, much branched, many -flowered ; calyx
declinate, oblong, bluntly 5-toothed, bilabiate in the fructiferous
state, hardly incurved, very hispid ; tube of corolla declinate,
rather gibbous above the base, straight at the middle. 1^. ? S.
Native of Silhet. Very nearly allied to P. striatus.
Hispid Plectranthus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
31 P. Gerarbia'nus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 17.
lab. p. 42.) stem herbaceous, erect, a little branched, nearly
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, crenated, rather hispid
above, and glabrous beneath, sparingly glandular : lower ones
petiolate, narrowed at the base : upper ones nearly sessile,
cordate at the base : floral ones shorter than the peduncles :
uppermost ones and bracteas minute ; racemes panicle-formed,
hardly branched ; cymes loose, slender, many-flowered ; calyx de-
clinate, oblong, bilabiate, with obtuse teeth, incurved, striated,
glabrous, and hardly glandular in the fructiferous state ; tube
of corolla declinate, sub-gibbous above the base, straight at
the middle. IJ. ? S. Native of Nipaul and Kamaon. Sanse-
darra and Deyrah Dhoon, Royle. Hyssopus lophanthoides, D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 110. Nearly allied to P. strialiis, hi\t
differs in the smaller stature, larger green leaves, and nearly
simple raceme, with a pubescent rachis.
Gerard's Plectranthus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
32 P. Coe'tsa (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 117. Benth. lab.
p. 42.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, clothed with hoary
pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, narrowed at both ends,
crenated in the middle, rather hispid above, and pubescent
beneath; panicles branched, many-flowered; calyx declinate, ob-
long, bilabiate, with ovate, acutish, nearly equal teeth, incurved,
striated, and clothed with hoary pubescence in the fructiferous
state, but hardly glandular ; tube of corolla gibbous above the
base, defracted at the middle. !{. . ? S. Native of the East
Indies, in Nipaul, Kamaon, Simla, Mussooree ; on Mount Taong
Dong, in the Birmann Empire ; Japan, and Java, &c. Scutel-
laria Japonica, Burm. nid. p. 130. O'cymum C( etsa, Spreng.
cur. post. p. 223. Leaves 2 inches long. Corolla small, blue.
Coetsa Plectranthus. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
33 P. MENTHOiDES (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 2. p. 17. lab. p.
42.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, clothed with hoary pu-
bescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, narrowed at both ends,
coarsely toothed, pubescent on both surfaces; panicle loose,
few-flowered; fructiferous calyx declinate, oblong, incurved,?
clothed with hoary pubescence : teeth acutish : upper one the
broadest ; corolla sub-gibbous above the base, with a hardly
defracted tube, and an inflated throat ; anthers somewhat 2-
celled. 1(; . ? S. Native of the East Indies, in the southern
parts of the Peninsula. Habit of P. Coetsa, but the racemes
are small and few-flowered, &c.
Mint-like Plectranthus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
LABIATE. VIII. Plectrantiius.
681
34 P. Macr^'i (Benth. lab. p. 42.) stem herbaceous, branch-
ed, clothed witli rufous villi ; leaves petiolatc, nearly sessile,
ovate, acute, toothed a little, rounded at the base, clothed with
soft pubescence on both surfaces : floral ones conforming to the
rest ; panicles branched, many-flowered ; calyx declinate, ob-
long, sub-bilabiate : teeth nearly equal, ovate ; fructiferous
calyx incurved, striated, and villous ; corolla 3 times as long as
the calyx : tube gibbous above the base, defracted at the mid-
dle ; antiiers 2-celle(l. i; . ? S. Native of the East Indies, on
the Madura mountains, in the Peninsula ; Ceylon. P. rugosus,
/3, tomentosus, Benth. in. Wall.pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 17. Habit
of P. Cvetsa, but more humble, and the stem is decumbent at
the base, Sec.
Ufacrae's Plectranthus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
35 P. RUGOSUS (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 17. Benth. lab. p.
43.) stem shrubby, erect ; branches hoary ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, crenulated, rounded at the base, pubescent above,
wrinkled, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, reticulately
nerved ; panicles branched, many-flowered ; calyxes declinate,
oblong, hardly bilabiate : teeth lanceolate, acute, nearly equal ;
fructiferous calyx sub-incurved, striated, pubescent ; tube of
corolla gibbous above the base, defracted at the middle. Jj . G.
Native of the East Indies ; at Choor, &c., Royle ; in Sirmore,
Gerard. O'cymum densiflorum. Roth, nov. spec. 275. ? Lum-
ni'tzera densiflora, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 087. I'sodon plectran-
thoides, Schrader. Corolla white, or pale blue, smaller than
that of P. Coetsa.
Jf'riiikled-leaved Plectranthus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
36 P. re'pens (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 17. Benth. lab. p.
43.) stem creeping at the base, radicant, ascending, nearly sim-
ple, hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, obtuse, coarsely
crenated, rounded at the base, or cordate, hairy on both sur-
faces ; raceine loose, nearly simple ; cymes pedunculate ; calyx
declinate, oblong, a little incurved, striated, glabrous : teeth
hardly unequal, lanceolate, acute ; tube of corolla declinate,
gibbous above the base, straight to the middle. 1/ . S. Native
of Nipaul, Wall. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Flowers
size of those of P. striatus.
Creeping Plectranthus. PI. | to I foot.
37 P. ? monta'nus (Benth. inWall.pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 17.
lab. p. 44.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched above, tomentosely
villous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, thick, wrinkled,
densely tomentose ; racemes branched, pyramidately panicled,
tomentose ; whorls rather distinct, dense, many-flowered ;
fructiferous calyx declinate, incurved, tomentose, almost equally
and bluntly 5-toothed. 0.?S. Native of the Peninsula of
India, about Nundydroog. Superior leaves clothed with rufous
tomentum. Panicles almost like those of P. ternifulius.
Mountain Plectranthus. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. VI. Pyrami'dium (from trvpafjuQ, j)iJTainis, a pyramid ;
in reference to the disposition of the flowers.) Bentli. lab. p.
44. Fructiferous calyx erect, tubular, equally 5-toothed. Co-
rolla gibbous above the base, not spurred, defracted — Herbs.
Flowers pyramidately panicled.
38 P. TERNiFOLius (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 117.) plant
villously tomentose ; stem erect, a little branched ; leaves 3 in
a whorl, nearly sessile, lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, serrated,
cuneated at the base, wrinkled ; panicle branched, many-flow-
ered, pyramidal. If.. G. Native of Nipaul, Silhet, Kamaon,
Birman Empire, &c. O'cymum ternifolium, Spreng. cur.
post. p. 224. Stem hexangular. Corolla very villous on the
outside, bluish. Stamens equal in height to the corolla.
Tern-leaved Plectranthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
Sect. VII. Amethystoides (so named from the plant having
the calyx of Ametliystea ccerulea.) Benth. lab. p. 45. Fructi-
ferous calyx erect, campanulate, equally 5-toothed. Corolla
gibbous above the base, not spurred, defracted. Flowers loosely
panicled.
39 P. AMETHYSTOIDES (Bcnth. lab. p. 45.) stem erect, branch-
ed, pubescent; leaves ovate-rounded, crenated, narrowed a long
way at the base, and quite entire ; flowers loosely panicled ;
fructiferous calyx erect, campanulate, quite glabrous, equally
S-toothed. 1/ . ? G. Native of China, Reeves. Stem tetra-
gonal. Corolla 4 times longer than the calyx. Stamens equal
in length to the corolla.
Amcthystea-like Plectranthus. PI.
40 P. du'bius (Vahl, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 711.) stem erect,
branched, pubescent; leaves ovate, crenated, cuneated at the
base, or narrowed, wrinkled ; flowers loosely panicled ; fructi-
ferous calyx erect, campanulate, clothed with hoary pubescence,
equally 5-toothed. 1^.? G. Native of Japan, Thunberg.
This dift'ers from P. amethystoides in the narrower, wrinkled
leaves, more veiny, and finely pubescent beneath, and, like the
calyx, canescent.
Doubtful Plectranthus. PI.
41 P. infle'xus (Vahl, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 711.) gla-
brous ; stem erect, nearly simple ; leaves ovate, acute, coarsely
toothed, narrowed a long way at the base ; raceme loose, few-
flowered ; fructiferous calyx erect, campanulate, glabrous, equ-
ally 5-toothed. %.1 G. Native of Japan, Thunberg. This
difl'ers from P. ametliystoldes in the narrower leaves, and simple
few-flowered raceme.
Itiflexed Plectranthus. PI.
t Sjiecies doubtful whether belonging to the present genus.
42 P. sALVioiDES (Benth. lab. p. 45.) leaves ovate-oblong,
crenulated, running into the petioles at the base, and quite
entire, pilose on both surfaces, ciliated ; stem hoary from
reversed pili at bottom, but beset with glandular clammy villi
above, as well as the calyxes ; raceme terminal, simple ; bracteas
roundish-ovate, on short petioles ; lower lip of calyx (superior ?)
tridentate : middle tooth the smallest. %.'! G. Native of the
East Indies. O'cymum salvioides, Heyne, in Roth. nov. spec,
p. 272. Lumnitzera salvioides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 687. Stem
quadrangular, hoary. Calyx nerved, sub-bilabiate. Corolla
small, brownish purple, hardly one half longer than the calyx,
resupinate, villous outside. The inflorescence and form of co-
rolla is that of O'cymum, but the calyx is very different. It is
perhaps a species oi Moschosma or Perilla.
Salvia-Uke Plectranthus. PI.
43 P. Java'nicus (Benth. lab. p. 45.) panicles twiggy, leafy;
pedicels subumbellate ; leaves ovate-oblong, coarsely-toothed,
pubescent on both surfaces. 1/ . ? S. Native of Java, in
mountain marshes. Elsholtzia Javanica, Blum, bijdr. 825.
Calyx tubular, 5-toothed ; teeth nearly equal. Lower lip of
corolla long, concave, almost quite entire : upper one arched,
semi-quadrifid. Stamens inclosed. Anthers 1-celled, naked.
Stigma semi-trifid. Perhaps a species of Geniosporum.
Java Plectranthus. PI.
44 P. NUDIFLORUS (WiUd. spec. 3. p. 168.) nectarium gibbous;
panicle racemose, naked ; leaves cordate, wrinkled ; superior
ones stem-clasping. ©.? S. Native of China. Stem qua-
drangular, pubescent. Lower leaves petiolate, 2-3 inches long,
acuminated, coarsely toothed, glabrous, except on the veins
beneath. Calyx bilabiate ; segments linear, subulate. Corolla
small, closed, pubescent ; tube refracted, gibbous above.
Naked-flowered Plectranthus. PI. 5 foot.
4 S
682
LABIATjE. VIII. Plectranthus. IX. Coleus.
45 P. Nankine'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 691.) stem erect,
glabrous, branched ; leaves reniform, concave, glabrous, but
fringed, on long petioles ; spikes prismatic, axillary, tetragonal ;
calyx 5-cleft, sliining, pilose, 6-nervcd : the 3 upper segments
obtuse, denticulated : the 2 lower ones subulate and longer ;
corolla pilose : upper lip 4-cleft : lower lip larger, entire, in-
curved, inflexed ; anthers shorter than the corolla. 0. H.
Native of China, about Nankin. Dentidia Nankinensis, Lour,
coch. p. 369. Plant brownish purple. Anthers 2-lobed. Stig-
ma acute, bifid. Aspect of plant elegant, with the scent and
colour of Melissa cretica ; but the leaves, spikes, calyx, and
corolla are different. Perhaps a species of Anisochilus, or
jEollinthus.
Nankin Plectranthus. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
IX. CO'LEUS (from KoKtot, koleos, a sheath ; in allusion
to the filaments being connected into a tube at the base, which
sheaths the style.) Lour. coch. p. 372. Benth. lab. p. 47.
O'cymum species, Lin. and other authors. Plectranthus species,
R. Br. and other authors. Solenostemon, Schum. pi. guin.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia, Calyx ovate-cam-
panulate, erect, or often declinate or reflexed in the fructiferous
state : throat naked, or hispid, 5-toothed : upper tooth ovate,
membranous, with the margins rarely decurrent: lower teeth
narrower, all acute, or the lateral ones are ovate-truncate ; the
two lowermost ones often combined. Corolla with an exserted,
defracted tube, an inflated or equal throat, and a bilabiate
limb : upper lip short, bluntly 3-4-cleft : lower one entire,
elongated, concave, usually boat-shaped, involving the genitals.
Stamens 4, declinate : lower ones the longest ; filaments tooth-
less, connected at the base into a tube, which sheaths the style ;
anthers ovate, reniform, with confluent cells. Style subulate at
apex, equally bifid ; stigmas subterminal. Achenia roundish,
compressed, smooth. — Herbs annual or perennial at the base,
rarely suft'ruticose. Whorls usually 6-flowered, but often many-
flowered, sometimes very dense, and sometimes loose, cyme-
formed. Floral leaves bractea-formed, more or less comose
at the tops of the racemes before florescence, but afterwards
deciduous, rarely subpersistent, reflexed. The monadelphous
stamens distinguish this genus from all other of the order.
Sect. I. Calce'olus (from calceolus, a slipper.) Benth. lab.
p. 49. Whorls 6-10-flowered. Fructiferous calyx reflexed ;
throat villous inside.
1 C. spica'tus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 15,
lab. p. 49.) stem procumbent at the base ; branches ascending,
beset with spreading pili ; leaves petiolate, obovate, narrowed
at the base, fleshy : floral leaves membranous, concave, exceed-
ing the flowers, at length deciduous ; spikes simple, elongated,
dense; whorls 6-10-flowered, approximate; calyx hispid;
upper tooth of calyx roundish, a little decurrent : lower teeth
lanceolate, acute, nearly equal ; lower lip of corolla stipitate,
boat-shaped. 0. ? H. Native of the Peninsula of India, on
the mountains of Dindygul. Plectranthus caninus, Roth, nov.
spec. 279. Stem bluntly tetragonal. Leaves entire, or sparingly
crenated, 1-2 inches long, pubescent on both surfaces : floral
leaves very broad, ciliated, the rest glabrous. Corolla like
that of C. barbatus, but smaller.
S^ncate-Roweied Coleus. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
2 C. barba'tus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 15. lab.
p. 49.) stem shrubby at the base, ascending, tomentosely his-
pid ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, narrowed at the base,
clothed with soft tomentum when young, hispid from strigse ;
floral leaves membranous, broad-ovate, acuminated, comose at
the tops of the racemes, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls 6-
flowered, distant ; calyx hispid : upper tooth ovate, sub-decur-
rent : lower teeth lanceolate, acute, nearly equal ; lower lip
of corolla large, stipitate, boat-shaped. H . S. Native of the
East Indies, in the southern mountains of the Peninsula, My-
sore, Bangalore, Nipaul, and Kamaon. Plectranthus Forskce'lii,
Willd. spec. 3. p. 169. Sims, hot. mag. 2036. Germanea
Forskce^lii, Poir. diet. 2. p. 764. Plectranthus barbatus, Andr.
bot. rep. t. 594. Plectranthus comosus, Sims, bot. mag. 2318.
O'cymum asperum. Roth. nov. spec. 26S. Plectranthus asper,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 690. Plectranthus monadelphus, Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 45. Corolla beset with white hairs.
Bearded Coleus. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
3 C. He'ynei (Benth. lab. p. 50.) stem herbaceous, ascend-
ing, simple ; leaves ovate, coarsely serrated, pubescent ; ra-
ceme terminal, simple ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, reflexed ;
filaments connate at the base. ©. ? S. Native of the East
Indies. Plectranthus monadelphus, Heyne, mss. O'cymum
monadelphum. Roth, nov. spec. p. 267. R. Br. append, to
Salt, abyss. ? Stem tetragonal, pubescent. Leaves petiolate,
obtuse. Whorls distinct, 6-flowered. Upper lip of calyx
roundish-ovate, mucronate, finely crenulated, ciliated ; segments
of the lower lip setaceous, 2 middle ones longer than the lateral
ones. Lower lip of corolla ovate, concave, crenulated.
Heyne's Coleus. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
4 C. Zatarhe'ndi (Benth. lab. p. 50.) leaves fleshy, stiff',
broad-ovate, acute, crenated, villous, truncate at the base. 1/ .
S. Native of Arabia Felix. O'cymum a Zatarhendi, Forsk.
fl. segypt. p. 109. Plectranthus crassifolius, Vahl. symb. 1. p.
44. Germanea crassifolia, Poir. diet. 2. p. 764. Stem slightly
tetragonal, beset with short bristles. Leaves I5 inch long.
Whorls 12-flovvered. Corolla with a violet-coloured lower lip,
and a white upper lip. ?
Zaterhend'is Coleus. PI.
Sect. II. Aroma'ria (so named from the aromatic scent of
the species.) Benth. lab. p. 51. Whorls dense, nearly glo-
bose, many-flowered. Fructiferous calyx hardly declinate ;
throat naked inside.
5 C. aroma'ticus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 15.
bot. reg. 1520.) stem shrubby at the base; branches tomen-
tosely pubescent, or hispid ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, cre-
nated, rounded at the base, or cuneated, very thick, hispid on
both surfaces, or clothed with white villi ; floral leaves hardly
equal in length to the calyx ; racemes simple ; whorls remote ;
calyx tomentose : lower teeth short, setaceous, nearly equal.
Tj . G. Native of the East Indies. Plectranthus aromaticus,
Roxb. hort. beng. p. 45. C. Amboinicus, Lour. coch. p. 372.
Plectranthus Amboinensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 690. ? Plec-
tranthus crassifolius, Hort. C. crassifolius, Benth. lab. p. 51.
Marrilbium album Amboinicum, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 295. t. 102.
f. 3. Leaves very fragrant, 1-2 inches long. Whorls 20-30-
flowered and more. Tube of corolla about twice as long as
the calyx, defracted at the middle ; throat inflated : lower lip a
little dilated, boat-shaped.
Aromatic Coleus. Fl. Clt. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. III. Solenoste'mon (from o-wXi/i', solen, a tube; and
ariifibi}', stemon, a stamen ; in reference to the stamens being
combined into a tube at the base.) Benth. lab. p. 52. Whorls
loose, niany-flovvered. Fructiferous calyx declinate ; throat
naked inside.
LABIATE. IX. CoLEus.
G83
§ 1. Lateral teeth of calyx short, truncate, free from the lower
ones, nh'tch are elongated and connate beyond the middle.
G C. Boje'ri (Benth. lab. p. 52.) stem humble, pubescent ;
leaves peliolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, or
subcordate, hispid on the nerves on both surfaces : floral leaves
minute ; racemes elongated, simple ; whorls loose, usually 10-
flowered ; common peduncles and their branches very short;
calyx pubescent : ujjper tooth ovate, obtuse, hardly decurrent ;
throat of corolla hardly inflated, i;. S. Native of Madagascar,
Bojer. Plectranthus maculatus, Bojer, mss. Mitsa macul^ta,
Chapm. ex Bojer, mss. Leaves spotted with purple, glandular
beneath. Corolla glabrous. Stamens exserted a little.
Bojer's Coleus. PI. humble.
7 C. scuTELLARioiDEs (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 16.
lab. p. 53.) plant nearly glabrous ; stem shrubby at the base ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, shortly acuminated, toothed, rounded at
the base, glabrous, or hardly tomentose : floral leaves at length
deciduous, shorter than the whorls of flowers ; racemes elon-
gated, slender, a little branched at the base ; whorls loosely
many-flowered ; common peduncles almost wanting ; pedicels
about equal in length to the short branches ; upper tooth of
calyx ovate, acutish, hardly decurrent : lateral teeth bluntish ;
throat of corolla scarcely widened. Q. S. Native of the
Indian Archipelago ; Tropical New Holland, and Mauritius.
O'cymum scutellarioides, Lin. spec. p. SSi. Burm. fl. ind. p.
130. Sims, bot. mag. 1446. Plectranthus scutellarioides, R.
Br. prod. p. 506. Branches bluntly tetragonal, glabrous, or
beset with fine down. Leaves 1^ to 2 inches long, often pur-
plish beneath. Whorls 10-15-flowered. Corolla 5 times longer
than the calyx : upper lip pale ; lower one blue.
Scutellaria-like Coleus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1764. PI. 2
to n feet.
S C. acumina'tus (Benth. in Linnaea, 6. p. 81. lab. p. 53.)
stem pilose above ; leaves petiolate, ovate, long-acuminated,
deeply serrated, rounded, or cuneated at the base, puberulous
on both surfaces ; petioles ciliated with rufous hairs ; floral
leaves rather comose, deciduous ; raceme simple ; whorls
loosely many-flowered ; common peduncles none ; upper tooth
of calyx ovate, obtuse, scarcely decurrent ; tube of corolla
slender. ©.? S. Native of Manilla. Very nearly allied to
the preceding.
AcuminatedAediyeA. Coleus. PI. 2 to 3 feet. I
9 C. ingra'tus (Benth. lab, p. 5u.) pubescent; leaves peti-
olate, ovate, acuminated, serrately crenated, cuneated at the
base, or roundish, pubescently villous on both surfaces ; floral
leaves deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls loosely many-flow-
ered ; common peduncles almost wanting, with short branches ;
pedicels elongated ; calyx hispid : upper tooth ovate, not decur-
rent ; throat of corolla widened a little. — Native of Java, in
the western provinces, among the mountains. Plectranthus
ingratus, Blum, bijdr. p. 836. The whole plant is purplish.
Petioles and axils pilose. Whorls distant. Calyx very villous
at the base. Corolla like that of C. scutellarioides.
Ungrateful-scented Coleus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
10 C. GRANDiFOLius (Benth. lab. p. 54.) stem pubescent;
leaves petiolate, large, broad-ovate, acuminated, coarsely cre-
nated, rounded or subcordate at the base, rather fleshy ; floral
leaves coloured, comose before the expansion of the flowers ;
racemes simple, elongated ; whorls loosely many-flowered ;
common peduncles and their branches almost wanting ; pedicels
elongated ; calyx hispid : upper tooth ovate, acute, not decur-
rent; throat of corolla wide. ©.? S. Native of the Island
of Timor. Leaves pubescent : floral ones almost permanent.
Allied to C. secundflorus, but differs in the inflorescence.
Great-leaved Coleus. PI.
1 1 C. Africa'nus (Benth. lab. p. 54.) stem herbaceous, erect,
branched, pubescent ; leaves ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded
at the base, running into the petioles, nearly glabrous ; racemes
elongated ; whorls loose ; cymes many-flowered on both sides ;
common peduncles almost wanting, their branches elongated ;
upper tooth of calyx ovate, membranous, acute, shortly decur-
rent: lateral teeth minute: lower teeth joined into a membranous,
bidentate lip. ©. ? S. Native of the western coast of Africa.
Solenostemon ocymoides, Schimi. pi. guin. in act. acad. hafn. 4.
p. 45. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 2 broad ; floral ones brac-
tea-formed, small. Corolla whitish. ?
African Coleus. PI.
12 C. atropurpu'reus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p.
16. lab. p. 53.) stem erect, clothed with fine pubescence ; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, crenated, rounded at the base, clothed
with fine pubescence : floral leaves ovate, minute, deciduous ;
racemes nearly simple ; whorls quadrifariously cyme-formed ;
common peduncles almost wanting, their branches elongated ;
pedicels very short ; calyx pubescent : upper tooth ovate, acutish,
scarcely decurrent : lateral teeth very blunt, equal in length to
the upper one : lower ones longer ; throat of corolla dilated.
0.? S. Native of the Indian Archipelago.
Jar. ji, densifldrus (Benth. lab. p. 54.) leaves hardly pur-
plish ; racemes branched a little ; vvhorls more approximate.
©. S. Native of the Islands of Manilla and Tanna.
Dark-2Mrplc-\ea\ed Coleus. PI.
13 C. Persoonii (Benth. lab. p. 55.) stem erect, finely
downy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, truncate, or
subcordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed with soft villi ; floral
leaves deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls quadrifariously
cyme-formed ; common peduncles almost wanting on both sides,
with elongated branches ; pedicels shorter than the calyxes ;
calyx canescent : upper tooth orbicular, concave : lateral ones
shorter, very blunt : lower ones lanceolate-setaceous ; throat of
corolla somewhat dilated. ©.? S. Native of Madagascar,
and the Island of Lu§on. O'cymum paniculatum, Pers. syn.
2. p. 135. Leaves wrinkled, villous. Racemes canescent.
Stamens exserted.
Persoon's Coleus. PI.
14 C. MUiTiFLORUS (Benth. lab. p. 55.) stem ascending, vil-
lous, pubescent ; leaves on long petioles, ovate-oblong, acute,
crenately-serrated, cuneated, or narrowed at the base, clothed
with soft pubescence ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes elon-
gated, simple; whorls quadrifariously cyme-formed; common
peduncles almost wanting on both sides, with elongated branch-
es ; pedicels shorter than the calyxes ; calyx clothed with
glandular pubescence : upper tooth orbicular, shortly decur-
rent : lateral ones shorter, very blunt ; corolla with a slender
tube, and a sub-inflated limb : lower lip large, very broad,
concave. ©. ? S. Native of the Island of Manilla. Habit
of C. acuininatus, but differs in the leaves being hardly acumi-
nated, in the inflorescence, calyx, and corolla.
Many-floivered Coleus. PI.
15 C. macrophy'llus (Benth. lab. p. 55.) calyx hairy : lower
lip trifid, the middle segment the longest, and semi-bifid ; fila-
ments monadelphous at the base ; whorls distinct ; peduncles
branched ; leaves roundish-ovate, acute, unequally and bluntly
serrated, scarcely attenuated at the base, quite entire, puberu-
lous on both surfaces. ©. ? S. Native of Java, in himiid
parts of woods among the mountains. Plectranthus macro-
phyllus, Blum, bijdr. p. 835. Very nearly allied to C. ingratus,
but the leaves are purplish beneath.
Large-leaved Coleus. PI.
16 C. bIcolor (Benth. lab. p. 55.) calyx hairy, having the
lower lip trifid, the middle segment the longest and semibifid ;
filaments monadelphous at the base ; whorls distinct ; pedun-
4 s 2
684
LABIATE. IX. CoLEus.
cles ramosely bifid ; leaves unequal, ovate, acuminated, cre-
nated, rounded at the base, or unequally attenuated, and quite
entire, puberulous on both surfaces. ©. ? S. Native of Java,
at the foot of Mount Salak. Leaves purplish beneath. Allied
to C. macrophyllus.
Two-coloured-\ea\ed Coleus. PI.
17 C. SECUNDiFLORUs (Benth. lab. p. 55.) plant clothed witli
fine pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, coarsely
crenated, roundish, or cordate at the base, wrinkled, rather
fleshy ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes elongated, simple ;
whorls cyme-formed, secund ; common peduncles almost want-
ing on both sides, but with elongated branches ; calyxes pen-
dulous, hispid : upper tooth oblong, acute, not decurrent :
lateral ones short, ovate, acutish, free : lower ones elongated,
acute, combined almost to the top ; throat of corolla dilated a
little. ©. ? S. Native of the Island of Timor. Allied to C.
grandiflorus, but differs from it in the inflorescence. Stem
bluntly tetragonal.
Secund-Jlowered Coleus. PI. ?
18 C. Blu'mei (Benth. lab. p. 56.) leaves ovate, acuminated,
coarsely and bluntly serrated, acute, and quite entire at the
base, puberulous on both surfaces ; whorls distinct ; pedicels
racemose, secund; calyx hairy: lower lip trifid, the middle
segments the longest, and semi-bifid ; filaments monadelphous at
the base. ©.? S. Native of Java, in gardens. Plectranthus
scutellarioides, Blum, bijdr. 837, but not of Lin. Leaves
painted with dark purple spots above.
Blume's Coleus. PI.
19 C. lacinia'tus (Benth. lab. p. 56.) leaves ovate, acu-
minated, jagged, or deeply serrated, acute, and quite entire at
the base, puberulous on both surfaces ; pedicels branched a
little, secund ; calyx hairy : lower lip trifid, the middle seg-
ment semibifid, and longer ; filaments monadelphous at tlie
base. 0.? S. Native of Java, in gardens. Plectranthus
laciniatus, Blum, bijdr. p. 838. Perhaps a variety of C. scutel-
larioides. Leaves marked with dark purple spots above.
Nearly allied to C. secundiflbrus.
Jagged-\ea\ed Coleus. PI.
20 C. galea'tus (Benth. lab. p. 56.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, rounded, or subcordate at the base, acutely and deeply
toothed, puberulous on both surfaces ; whorls distinct ; pedi-
cels branched ; calyx hairy : lower lip trifid, the middle seg-
ment longer and bifid ; filaments monadelphous at the base.
©. ? S. Native of Java, in shady, humid, mountainous places.
Plectranthus galeatus, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 43. Blum, bijdr.
836. Stem villous, furrowed. Leaves villous, particularly on
the veins beneath. Corolla pubescent. Allied to C. macro-
phyllus, ex Blume.
Galeale-fiowerei Coleus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL
2 feet.
§ 2. Lateral teeth of calyx acute, about equal in length to the
upper one : lower ones the longest, and combined beyond the
middle, and with the lateral ones at the base.
21 C. MACRosTACHYS (Benth. lab. p. 57.) stem pubescent;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, crenately serrated, rounded
at the base, hispid above, and on the nerves beneath : floral ones
deciduous ; racemes elongated, nearly simple ; whorls remote,
loose ; common peduncles with the branclies and pedicels on
both sides, shorter than the fructiferous calyxes ; calyx glabrous,
membranous in the fructiferous state : throat naked inside :
upper tooth ovate, acute, with revolute edges ; corolla with
a slender tube, and dilated throat : lower lip elongated, broad,
concave. ©.? S. Native of Java, Commerson. Stem pur-
plish. Leaves minutely glandular beneath; floral ones bractea-
formed, concave, ciliated. Whorls 10-15-flowered. Leaves
and inflorescence of C. ingratus. Calyx and corolla of C.
Malabiiriea.
Long-spilced Coleus, PI.
22 C. ova'tus (Benth. lab. p. 57.) stem smoothish, clothed
with clammy pubescence above ; leaves petiolate, ovate, scarcely
acuminated, coarsely crenated, rounded or cordate at the base,
rather hispid above, and glabrous beneath ; floral leaves decidu-
ous ; racemes branched a little ; whorls loose ; common pe-
duncles and branches almost wanting ; calyx glabrous, mem-
branous, inflated in the fructiferous state : upper tooth ovate,
with subrevolute edges ; corolla with a slender tube, and a
dilated throat : lower lip elongated, broad, concave. ©. ? S.
Native of the Indian Peninsula ; Coromandel, Wight. Very
nearly allied to the preceding, but much smaller in all its
parts. Floral leaves hardly cihated.
Oi'«te-leaved Coleus. PI.
23 C. Malaba'ricus (Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 16.
lab. p. 57.) clothed with fine pubescence; leaves petiolate,
large, broad-ovate, shortly acuminated, crenated, roundly trun-
cate at the base ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes loosely
branched; whorls usually 10-flowered, loose; common pedun-
cles almost wanting on both sides, with short branches ; fructi-
ferous calyx deflexed, glabrous, subinflated at the base : throat
naked inside : upper tooth ovate, acutish ; corolla with a slender
exserted tube, and a wide throat: lower lip elongated. ©.? S.
Native of the Peninsula of India, at Travancore, Klein. Plec-
tranthus Malabaricus, Klein, mss. Lower leaves 3-4 inches
long : floral leaves minute.
Malabar Coleus. PI.
24 C. infla'tus (Benth. lab. p. 58.) glabrous ; leaves petio-
late, ample, ovate, acuminated, toothed, narrowed a long way at
the base, quite entire ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes branch-
ed a little ; whorls irregularly cyme-formed ; common pedun-
cles almost wanting on both sides : branches alternate, or all
elongated ; pedicels short ; fructiferous calyxes nutant, gla-
brous, inflated, with the throat naked inside : upper tooth ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, flat ; corolla with an elongated tube, and
a nearly equal throat : lower lip longer than the upper one.
©. ? S. Native of Ceylon, Macrae. Allied to C. Malabdricus.
Stem rather fleshy. Leaves 1 foot long, with the petioles :
floral ones comose.
Iiijlated-ca\ys.ed Coleus. PI.
25 C. Macr/e'i (Benth. lab. p. 58.) pubescent; leaves on
long petioles, ovate, acuminated, rounded or cuneated at the
base; floral leaves deciduous; racemes paniculately branched ;
whorls quadrifariously cymose ; common peduncles almost
wanting on both sides, with much elongated branches, and very
short pedicels ; fructiferous calyx nutant, glabrous, a little in-
flated at the base : throat naked inside : upper tooth ovate,
acutish, with revolute edges ; corolla with an exserted tube, a
very wide throat, and an elongated lower lip. ©. ? S. Native
of Ceylon, Macrae. Plant clothed with rufescent clammy
pubescence. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Genitals hardly ex-
serted.
Macrae's Coleus. PI.
^ 3. Teeth of calyx 4 : lower ones nearly equal, free to the
base, or hardly combined.
26 C. GLABRA Tus (Benth. lab. p. 58.) leaves petiolate, ovate-
roundish, serrately crenated, thick, stiff, glabrous ; floral leaves
minute, deciduous ; racemes terminal, pubescent, simple, pani-
cle-formed ; whorls loosely cyme-formed ; common peduncles
elongated on both sides, as well as their branches ; fructiferous
calyx glabrous, elongated : upper tooth ovate, concave above :
LABIATE. IX. CoLEus. X. Anisochilus. XI. CEollanthus.
685
lower ones combined at the base, lanceolate-acute. ©■? S.
Native of the Peninsula of India, about Madui;i, Wight.
Glabrous Coleus. PI. 1 foot. ?
27 C. WioHTii (Bentli. lab. p. 58.) stem jnibescent ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, crenated, rounded or subcordatc at the base,
thick, wrinkled, hispid on both surfaces : floral leaves decidu-
ous ; raceme terminal, simple, panicle-formed ; whorls loosely
cyme-formed ; common peduncle elongated on both sides, as
well as its branches ; calyxes rather longer than the pedicels,
declinate in the fructiferous state, pubescent : upper tooth
ovate, flatfish : lower ones lanceolate, acute, scarcely connate
at the base ; throat of corolla widened ; lower lip about 4 times
longer than the upper one. ©•? S. Native of the Indian
Peninsula, on the Nielgherry mountains.
Wight's Coleus. PI.
28 C. panicula'tus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 16,
lab. p. 59.) stem procumbent at the base, pubescent ; leaves
petiolate, broad ovate, deeply toothed, rounded or cuneated at
the base, thick, fleshy, hispid : floral ones deciduous ; raceme
simple, terminal, panicle-formed ; whorls loosely cyme-formed ;
common peduncles with their branches and pedicels elongated on
both sides ; fructiferous calyx declinate, pubescent : throat
naked inside : upper tooth ovate, flat : lower lanceolate-subu-
late, hardly connate at the base ; corolla with an ample throat,
and with the lower lip hardly twice as long as the upper one.
©. ? S. Native of the Indian Peninsula, on the mountains of
Dindygul. This differs from C Jl ightii in the broader, thicker,
fleshy, more cut leaves, which are cuneated or narrowed at the
base, not cordate, &c.
Panicled-Roweved Coleus. PI.
"f A species not hnown to which section of the genus it belongs.
29 C. TUBERosus (Benth. lab. p. 59.) leaves ovate-crenated,
cuneated, and quite entire at the base, rather scabrous on both
surfaces; whorls distinct; pedicels 1 -flowered; calyx hairy:
lower lip trifid, the middle segment semi-bifid ; filaments mona-
delphous at the base. 1<1 . ? S. Native of Java, in gardens.
Plectranthus tuberosus, Blum, bijdr. p. 838. — Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 372. t. 132. f. 1. ?
Tuberous-rooted Coleus. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
X. ANISOCHPLUS (from aviaoQ, anisos, unequal ; and
X£iXoc, chiles, a lip; in reference to the inequality of both lips of
calyx and corolla.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 18. Benth. lab.
p. 59. Lavandula species, Lin. Plectranthus species, Roxb.,
Smith, and other authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, erect-
ish, bilabiate ; upper lip entire, after florescence lying upon
the lower one, which is truncate, entire, or shortly 4-toothed,
closing the calyx. Corolla with an exserted, defracted tube,
a somewhat inflated throat, and a bilabiate limb : upper lip
short, bluntly 3-4-cleft : lower lip entire, elongated, concave.
Stamens 4, declinate ; lower ones the longest ; filaments free,
toothless ; anthers ovate-reniform, with confluent cells. Style
subulate at apex, equally bifid ; stigmas almost terminal. —
Annual or perennial lierbs. Whorls densely imbricate into
oblong cylindrical spikes. Floral leaves bractea-formed, im-
bricated.
1. A. CARNosuM (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 18. Benth. lab.
p. 59.) stem erect ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, obtuse,
crenated, cordate at the base, thick, fleshy, tomentosely villous
on both surfaces ; spikes on long peduncles ; floral leaves ovate,
obtuse ; lower lip of calyx truncate, quite entire : upper lip
ovate, acute, membranous, with ciliated edges. $ . S. Native
of the East Indies, in many places. Lavandula carnosa, Lin.
amoen. 10. p. 56. t. 3. Plectranthus carnosus, Smith, in Rees,
cycl. vol. 27. Plectranthus strobiliferus, Roxb. hort. beng. p.
45. Plectranthus diibius, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 691. Plectran-
thus crassifolius, Hortul. — Rheed. mal. 10. p. 179. t. 90. Stem
branched, tetragonal, villous. Corolla lilac.
Var. ft,purpurascens (Benth. lab. p. 60.) spikes smoothish,
purplish.
I'ar. y, glahrum (Benth. lab. p. 711.) Native of Ceylon.
A. glabra, Schrad. ind. sem. hort. goett. 1833. p. 1.
7''/ei% Anisochilus. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1788. PI. 2 feet.
2 A. pa'llidum (Wall. 1. c. Benth. 1. c.) stem erect ; leaves
petiolate, oblong-elliptic, narrowed at both ends, membranous,
or hardly fleshy, nearly glabrous ; spikes panicled ; floral leaves
lanceolate, acuminated ; lower lip of calyx obliquely truncate,
shortly 4-toothed : upper lip lanceolate, acute. ^ . ? S. Na-
tive of the Birman Empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Leaves
2-3 inches long, and 1-2 broad, hardly hispid above, and almost
glabrous beneath. Spikes pedunculate. Corolla oi A. carnb-
sum, but more slender.
Pale Anisochilus. PI. 2 feet.
3 A. ? polysta'chyuiM (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p.
19. lab. p. 60.) stem erect, branched; leaves nearly sessile,
ovate -oblong, acuminated, serrated, cuneated at the base,
clothed with fine pubescence, nerved beneath ; spikes pa-
nicled ; calyx incurved at top, with an obliquely 5-toothed
mouth: upper tooth hardly longer than the rest. ©. ? G.
Native of Nipaul, near Hetownrah, in boggy places. Stem
bluntly tetragonal, tomentose. Calyx clothed with rufous
tomentum. Leaves 2-4 inches long.
Many-spiked Anisochilus. PI.
4 A. DYSoPHYLLoiDEs (Benth. 1. c.) stem procumbent at the
base ; branches ascending, clothed with silky villi ; leaves
nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire, narrowed
at the base ; spikes axillary and terminal, pedunculate ; lower
lip of calyx minute, truncate : superior one small, acute, de-
flexed. ©.? G. Native of the Peninsula of India, on the
Nielgherry mountains. Habit almost of Dysophylla rugosa.
Plant clothed with soft, silky, rufescent pubescence. Stamens
exserted.
Dysopihylla-Uke Anisochilus. PI. procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
XI. CEOLLA'NTHUS (from aioXXw, aiollo, to vary ; and
arQoQ, anthos, a flower.) Mart, amcen. bot. monac. 4. Benth.
lab. p. 61.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, cam-
panulate, truncate ; teeth obsolete ; throat naked inside, closed
in the fructiferous state, and circumcised at the base. Corolla
with an exserted tube, which is decurved beyond the calyx,
and somewhat dilated above : limb bilabiate ; upper lip broad,
bluntly 4-toothed : lower lip entire, longer, concave. Stamens
4, declinate, didynamous ; lower ones the longest ; filaments
free, tootiiless ; anthers ovate-reniform, with confluent cells.
Style shortly bifid at top ; lobes subulate ; stigmas minute,
nearly terminal. This genus is nearly allied to Anisochilus,
from wliich it appears to differ only by the calyx.
1 yE. SUA VIS (Mart. I.e. 4. t. 2.) Q.U. Native of the East
Indies. ? Gathered by Martius in the Chinese Gardens at Santa
Cruz, in Brasil. Stem obsoletely tetragonal, branched, pubes-
cent. Leaves nearly sessile, obovate, entire, or obsoletely den-
ticulated, narrowed at tiie base, thickish, pale green, glabrous,
marked with impressed dots. Cymes or floriferous branches
axillary and terminal, erect, usually trifid, furnished with floral
686
LABIAT^E. XII. PycuNosTACHYs. XIII. Peltodon. XIV. Marsypianthus. XV. Hyptis.
leaves under the divisions. Flowers secund, lilac. Plant with
a sweet odour.
5wee<-scented CEollanthus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825, PI.
1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
XII. PYCHNO'STACHYS (from ttvxvoq, pychnos, dense ;
aed oraxi/f, stacliys, a spike ; in allusion to tlie spikes being
dense-flowered.) Hook. exot. fl. 2. t. 202. Benth. lab.
p. 61.
LiN. SYST. D'ldynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, nearly
equal, with 5 subulately-spinose teeth. Corolla with a defracted
exserted tube, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip 4-toothed :
lower one entire, concave. Stamens 4, declinate ; lower 2 the
longest ; filaments free, toothless ; anthers ovate-reniform, with
confluent cells. Style subulate at apex, shortly and equally
bifid. — Herbs. Whorls of flowers densely approximate into
simple spikes. This genus differs from section Pyram'idium of
Plectn'mlhus in the form of the calyx, and in habit.
1 P. C/Eru'lea (Hook. 1. c.) ©. S. Native of Madagascar,
Bojer. Stem and branches glabrous, tetragonal. Leaves ses-
sile, oblong-linear, or lanceolate, acute, remotely serrated, nar-
rowed at the base, glabrous, glandular beneath ; floral ones
bractea- formed, shorter than the calyx. Spikes dense, terminal,
1-2 inches long. Corollas small, blue.
i?/Me-flowered Pychnostachys. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
Cull. For culture and propagation see O'cynmm, p. 674.
XIII. PE'LTODON (from rtXr,,, peZte, a buckler; and
oiovc ocot'Tos, odous odontos, a tooth ; in reference to the teeth
of the calyx being terminated each by a peltate, sub-concave,
ciliated, dilated appendage.) Pohl.pl. bras. 1. p. 66. Benth.
lab. p. 62.
Lin. sYst. Didyndmia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanulate,
equal, 5-toothed ; teeth equal, erect, subulate, dilated at top
into a peltate, sub-concave, ciliated appendage ; throat beard-
ed ; increasing in the fruit-bearing state, membranous, and a
little inflated. Tube of corolla straight, a little inflated, about
equal in length to the calycine teeth; limb sub-bilabiate : upper
lip bifid, spreading : lower lip trifid, longer and declinate : lateral
lobes oblong, spreading : middle one somewhat stipitate, nar-
rowed at the base, transversely somewhat callous, at length
oblong, saccate, acute, quite entire, abruptly dejected at the
time of expansion. Stamens 4, didynamous: lower ones the
longest ; filaments free, toothless, glabrous ; anthers ovate-reni-
fbrm, with sub-confluent cells. Style shortly bifid at apex ;
stigmas terminal, or sub-marginal. Achenia roundish, com-
pressed, naked, smooth. — Herbs with the huh'M oi Hyplis capi-
tala, from which they hardly differ, unless by the calyx.
1 P. pusi'llus (Pohl, pi. bras. 1. p. 67. t. 54.) stem humble,
nearly simple ; leaves sessile, elliptic, crenated, glabrous, pilose
at the nerves ; bracteas roundish, or cuneated at the base,
pilose, rather exceeding the flowers. %. S. Native of Brazil,
in dry pastures in the province of Goyaz, and the South of
Brazil. Heads of flowers hemispherical. Corollas white.
Least Peltodon. PI. procumbent, or erectish.
2 P. LONGiPES (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 6u.) stem
short, procumbent, nearly simple, glabrous, or pubescent ;
leaves sessile, elliptic, crenated, glabrous, or pilose on the
nerves ; bracteas rounded, or cuneated at the base, glabrous,
or pilose, rather shorter than the flowers, i;. ? S. Native of
Brazil, about rivulets near Santa Borja, in the missions of the
Uruguay ; and in fields near Curitiba, in the province of St.
Paul. Very nearly allied to P. pusillus, but differs in the
peduncles being twice as long, in the bracteas being shorter, and
in the calyxes and corollas being dark purple, not whitish yellow-
as in that species.
Long-pcdunclcd Peltodon, PI. procumbent.
3 P. radIcans (Pohl, pi. bras. 1. p. 68. t. 55.) stem creep-
ing, branched, radicant, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, blunt-
ish, crenated, rounded, or somewhat cordate at the base, hispid
on the nerves on both surfaces ; bracteas crenated, cordate at
the base, l/ . S. Native of Brazil, in grassy places in the
provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes ; and south of
these provinces. Stem tetragonal, elongated. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Inflorescence capitate. Corollas white.
Rooting Peltodon. PI. creeping.
4 P. TOMENTosus (Pohl, pl. bras. 1. p. 69. t. 56.) stem
branched, villous ; leaves oval, crenated, roundly cuneated at
the base, and running into the petioles, pilose, tomentose
beneath ; outer bracteas cordately auricled, crenated, villous,
■y . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Paul and
Minas Geraes, in dry pastures. Plant beset with rufous villi.
Stem bluntly tetragonal. Inflorescence capitate. Corollas yel-
lowish pnrple.
Tomentose Peltodon. PI. 2 feet, ascending.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
XIV. MARSYPIA'NTHUS (from napaviroc, marsiipos, a
purse; &nA ayQog, anthos, a. flower; in reference to the shape
of the flowers.) Mart. mss. Benth. lab. p. 64. Hyptis
species of authors. Clinopodlum species, Vahl.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanulate,
narrowed at the base, equal, 5-toothed ; teeth equal, lanceolate,
erectly spreading ; throat naked inside. Tube of corolla straight,
about equal in length to the calycine teeth ; limb sub-bilabiate ;
upper lip bifid; lower one trifid : lateral lobes like the lobes of
the superior lip, ovate, erectly spreading, nearly equal : lower
segment saccate, somewhat stipitate at the base, acuminated at
apex, abruptly dejected at the time of florescence. Stamens 4,
didynamous, declinate; lower 2 the longest; filaments free,
toothless, glabrous ; anthers ovate-reniform, with somewhat con-
fluent cells. Style shortly bifid at top ; lobes flattened a little ;
stigmas submarginal. Achenia ovoid, compressed, concave in-
side, with a membranous, involute, fringed border. This genus
is very closely allied to the capitate flowered species of Hyptis,
but differs in the calyx, and especially by the fruit.
1 M. iiYPToiDEs (Mart. mss. Benth. lab. p. 64.) ©. S.
Native of Tropical America, in various places, as of Mexico,
Trinidad, Porto Rico, Cayenne, Brazil, Guayaquil, &c. Herb
annual, procumbent, branched, villotis, glabrous, pubescent, or
tomentose. Leaves more or less petiolate ; upper ones nearly
sessile, roundish-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, oblong,
acute, or bluntish, serrated or crenated, narrowed, cuneated or
roundish at the base, rarely subcordate. Whorls secund.
Heads 6-30-flowered, sessile, or more or less pedunculate.
Corolla blue, or purple, hardly exceeding the calyx.
//(/jj^w-^i/ce Marsypianthus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see O'cymum, p. 674.
XV. HY'PTIS (from virrioc, hyptios, resupinate ; limb of
corolla turned on its back.) Jacq. coll. 1. p. 101, 102. Poit.
et Turp. ann. mus. vol. 7. Benth. lab. p. 64, and other re-
cent authors. — Bystropogon species, Lher. — Ballota and Nepeta
species, Lin. and otiier old authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, or
1
LABIATiE. XV. Hyptis.
687
tubular, with a straight or oblique mouth ; teeth 5, nearly
equal, acute, or subulately awned. Corolla with the tube
about equal in length to the calyx, 3-t. cleft, sub-bilabiate ; the
4 upper lobes quite entire, flat, all distinct, or the upper 2 are
joined : lower one abruptly deflcxed at the time of florescence,
saccate, contracted, and subarticulated at the base. Stamens
4, declinate ; filaments free, toothless ; anthers ovate-reniform,
with confluent cells. Style about equally bifid at top; lobes
subulate ; stigmas for the most part terminal, minute on the
inside of the lobes of the style, rarely altogether stigmatiferous ;
disk equal, the lower side generally furnished with an obtuse
tooth. Achenia ovoid, oblong, or compressed, smooth, rarely
wrinkled, and in some species margined by a flat wing, but
never navicular. — Herbs or subshrubs. Inflorescence and habit
very variable. " Looking to the large number of species, and
to the great variety in their habit, it would seem at first more
convenient to divide this group into a number of genera ; but
on examination the essential characters have proved to be so
nearly the same in all, the diflference consisting chiefly in the
uncertain characters of inflorescence, that 1 have preferred con-
sidering the different groups into which they have been distri-
buted as mere sections." Benth. lab. p. 65.
Sect. I. Gymne'ia (from yvfiyog, gijmnos, naked ; in allusion
to the stem being naked above.) Benth. lab. p. 77. Flowers
sessile. Whorls many-flowered, nearly globose, disposed in
dense spikes, or interrupted racemes. Bracteas numerous, ad-
pressed, subulate. Fructiferous calyx rather membranous, re-
curved at apex ; teeth subulate. Stem naked above ; floral
leaves minute.
1 H. virga'ta (Benth. lab. p. 77.) herbaceous ; branches
elongated, strict, nearly naked ; leaves small, remote, nearly
sessile, ovate-oblong, wrinkled, villous ; whorls many-flowered,
crowded into a short, terminal spike ; bracteas small, subulate;
calyx tubular, pubescent, recurved in the fructiferous state,
with an oblique, membranous, reflexed mouth : teeth subulate,
glabrous, about equal in length to the tube. 0. S. Native of
Brazil. Stems many, tetragonal, srlabrous, or pubescent at the
base. Leaves 4-G lines long. Spike 1 to 1 j inch long. Co-
rolla short, white ; upper lip marked with purple dots.
Twiggy Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 H. iNTERRu'pTA (Pohl, pi. bras. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
77.) herbaceous, tall, clothed with viscid pubescence ; leaves
petiolate, oblong. elliptic, erosely toothed, wrinkled, green on
both surfaces, pubescent ; whorls many-flowered, disposed into
an interrupted, somewhat branched raceme ; bracteas linear-
subulate, acute, about equal in length to the calyx ; calyx
downy, tubular, recurved in the fructiferous state, with an
oblique membranous mouth : teeth subulate, about equal in
length to the tube. 0. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces
of jNIinas Gcraes and Goyaz. Stem nearly simple. Leaves 1^
to 4 inches long. Corolla shorter than the calyx, downy, yel-
lowish ; upper lip spotted with purple.
Interrupled-ra.ccmed. Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 H. PLATANiFOLiA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 77.) her-
baceous, perennial ; stem creeping, radicant ; branches ascend-
ing, floccosely-woolly at the base, naked above ; leaves on short
petioles, broad-ovate, doubly crenated, and angularly lobed,
subcordate at the base, pubescent above, but clothed with white
tomentum beneath ; whorls densely many-flowered, globose,
remote, disposed in a terminal raceme ; bracteas subulate, ad-
pressed, about equal in length to the floriferous calyxes ; calyx
pubescent, recurved in the fructiferous state, membranous, with
an oblique mouth, and subulate teeth. 1|. S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Stems tetragonal. Leaves
2 inches long, like those of Populus alba. Floriferous calyx
tomentose. Corolla rather shorter than the calycine teeth,
white ; upper segments spotted with brown ; lower one some-
what rose-coloured.
Plane-tree- leaved Hyptis. PI. 2 feet.
Sect. IL Spica'ria (from spica, a spike ; in reference to the
spiked inflorescence.) Benth. lab. p. 78. Flowers sessile.
Whorls many-flowered, disposed in a dense spike, which is
hardly interrupted at the base. Bracteas numerous, adpressed,
linear-subulate. Fructiferous calyx straight, with subulate
teeth. — Leafy herbs.
4 H. spiciGERA (Lara. diet. 3. p. 185.) herbaceous; stem
tall, erect, branched, nearly glabrous, with rough angles ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acuminated, serrated, cuneated at the base,
pubescent, or nearly glabrous, pale beneath ; floral leaves brac-
tea-formed ; bracteas equal in length to the calyxes. ©. S.
Native of Tropical Africa and America, Madagascar, Manilla.
Hyptis Madagascariensis, Bojer, mss. ex Sweet, hort. brit. ed.
2d. p. 594. Nepeta foliis serratis. Plum. icon. t. 162. — Sloane,
hist. 1. p. 173. t. 108. f. 1. Stem bluntly tetragonal, glabrous,
or pubescent. Leaves 1| to 2 inches long. Corolla small,
white, hardly longer than the calycine teeth.
Spike-hearing Hyptis. Fl. ? Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 H. lopha'ntha (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 78.) herba-
ceous ; stem humble, erect, branched, nearly glabrous, with
hardly rough angles ; leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, crenately
serrated, narrowed at the base, nearly glabrous on both surfaces,
pale beneath : floral leaves bractea-formed ; whorls 6-10- flow-
ered, approximate into terminal, interrupted spikes ; bracteas
linear, rather shorter than the calyxes ; calyx pubescent, straight,
witli an equal, truncate mouth, and subulate, strict, rigid teeth.
O. S. Native of Brazil, in grassy pastures in the province of
Minas Geraes, on Serro Frio. Nearly allied to H. spicigera,
but differs in the humble stem, which is much branphed at the
base, in the small, obtuse leaves, and interrupted spikes, and
larger calyxes.
Crest-flowered Hyptis. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
6 H. sTRi'cTA (Benth. lab. p. 79.) herbaceous; stem erect,
clothed with scabrous pubescence ; leaves on short petioles,
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, coarsely serrated, narrowed at the
base, rather villous above, but clothed with hoary tomentum
beneath ; raceme branched a little ; whorls many-flower-
ed : upper ones disposed in interrupted spikes : lower ones
in short spikelets ; bracteas subulate, shorter than the ca-
lyxes ; calyx nearly glabrous, tubular, straight, with a trun-
cate mouth, and subulate teeth. 0. S. Native of the South of
Brazil, Sello. Stem nearly simple, tetragonal. Lower leaves
li to 2|^ inches long. This is an intermediate species between
the sections Spicaria, Apodotes, and Polydesinia.
Strict Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. HL Apodotes (from a, priv. ; and ttov^, pous, a
foot ; in reference to the heads of flowers being sessile.)
Benth. lab. p. 79. Flowers sessile. Whorls composed of two
sessile heads, which are sometimes distinct, axillary, remote,
rarely disposed in a terminal, interrupted raceme. Bracteas
subulate, or lanceolate. Fructiferous calyx straight ; teeth
subulate, or lanceolate-subulate, stiffish. Herbs with leafy, or
naked stems.
7 H. nudicau'lis (Benth. lab. p. 79.) herbaceous ; stems
simple, erect, nearly naked, clothed with silky wool ; leaves
almost all radical, oval, obtuse, crenated, wrinkled, hispid ; ra-
cemes simple ; whorls globose, many- flowered : upper ones
approximate ; bracteas subulate, equal in length to the flowers ;
calyx pubescent, tubular, with short, acute teeth. ©. ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Goyaz,
688
LABIATE.. XV. Hyptis.
itc. Stems rising from a woody base. Leaves 2-3 inches
long. Corolla small, dirty purple, hardly downy, about equal
in length to the tube of the calyx.
Naked-slemmed Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
8 H. sERi'cEA (Benth. lab. p. 79.) stems simple, clothed with
silky wool, almost leafless at top ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate,
obtuse, almost quite entire, thick, nerved, clothed with silky
wool on both surfaces ; heads globose, densely many-flowered,
on short peduncles, racemose ; bracteas subulate, about equal in
length to the heads ; calyx tubular, clothed witji silky wool,
with subulate teeth, which at length spread a little. y. S.
Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Stems many from a
perennial base. Leaves approximate towards the middle of the
stem, 2 inches long. Corolla exceeding the calyx. Genitals
exserted.
Silky Hyptis. PI. 2 feet.
9 H. uncina'ta (Benth. lab. p. 80.) branches clothed with
rufous tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-oblong, serrately
crenated, roundly cuneated at the base, rather scabrous above,
hispid, but clothed with rufous tomentum on the nerves be-
neath ; heads globose, densely many-flowered, axillary, sessile ;
bracteas lanceolate, about equal in length to the heads, subulate
and hooked at top ; calyx campanulate, with stiff, subulately
awned, hooked teeth. ©.? S. Native of Peru, Ruiz, et Pav.
Throat of calyx clothed with rufous wool inside. Corolla rather
shorter than tlie calycine teeth.
Hoohed-ca\yx.eA Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
10 H. hirsu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 31 S.
t. 161.) branches clothed with rufous hairs ; leaves sessile, or on
short petioles, oblong-ovate, cuneated, and narrowed at the
base, erosely crenated, wrinkled, villous ; heads sessile, glo-
bose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, about equal
in lengtli to the calyx ; calyx hispid, with lanceolate-subulate,
stiff teeth, which at length spread a little ; achenia wrinkled.
©. ? S. Native of New Andalusia, in arid places on Mount
Tumiriquiri, Humb. et Bonpl. ; Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, &c.. Mart. Sello. Branches tetragonal. Heads sessile,
or on short peduncles, the whole forming an interrupted raceme.
Corolla hispid outside, a little longer than the calyx. Genitals
a little exserted.
Hairy Hyptis. PI. 2 to 4 feet. ?
SiiCT. IV. Plagiotis (from vrXayioc, plagios, transverse ; and
ouc biTOQ, ous otos, an ear.) Benth. lab. p. 80. Heads axil-
lary, pedunculate, globose, densely tnany-flowered. Bracteas
numerous, adpressed, ovate. Fructiferous calyx inflated at the
base, elongated, with an incurved mouth, and short, ovate, un-
equal teeth. Habit of species unlike the rest.
1 1 H. odora'ta (Benth. lab. p. 81.) stems clothed with rusty
tomentuin ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-elliptic, crenated,
rounded at the base, scabrous above, and tomentose beneath ;
heads globose, densely many-flonered, panicidately much
branched ; calyx villous, elongated in the fructiferous state,
incurved, with an oblique, shortly 5-toothed mouth. ^ . G.
Native of Peru, Ruiz, et Pav. A shrub with the habit of a
spec'tes of Buddlea. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Calyx tomentosely
hispid. Corolla a little exserted.
Sweet-scented Hyptis. Shrub.
12 H. ULiGiNosA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab, p. 81.) her-
baceous, small, glabrous ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, ser-
rated, cordately stem clasping at the base; peduncles axillary,
simple ; heads small, globose, dense ; bracteas ovate, about
equal in length to the heads ; fructiferous calyx inflated at the
base, with a contracted, oblique mouth, and very short, unequal
teeth. 2/.? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul,
in boggy parts of woods. Habit of Gratwla. Stem nearly
simple. Leaves | to 1 inch long. Lower peduncles shorter
than the leaves. Corolla minute.
Bog Hyptis, PI. 5 to i foot.
Sect. V. Cy'rta (from Kvprog, cyrtos, a curve, in allusion
to the curved apex of the fructiferous calyx.) Benth. lab. p.
SI. Heads axillary, pedunculate, globose, densely many-flow-
ered. Bracteas numerous, adpressed, subulate. Fructiferous
calyx elongated, recurved at top, with subulate teeth. "The
first species of this section come very near the second and third
divisions of Cephalolii/ptis ; the four latter only differ from Cy-
anocephalus in the ripe calyxes being recurved at the ex-
tremity." Benth. 1. c.
13 H. recurva'ta (Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 467. t. 28. f. 2.)
stem herbaceous, erectish, villous ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, crenated, rounded at the base, or subcordate, wrinkled,
villous : upper ones small, nearly sessile ; heads globose,
densely many -flowered, on long peduncles; receptacle naked;
bracteas subulate, about equal in length to the calyxes ; fructi-
ferous calyx tubular, villous, recurved, with a truncate mouth,
and subulate teeth. 2/ , ? S. Native of America, within the
tropic, in various places. H. macrocephala, Bert. mss. Angles
of stem acute, rough. Leaves hardly an inch long. Teeth of
calyx purplish. Corolla pale yellow.
Var. ft, hirsutior (Benth. lab. p. 81.) stem and leaves more
densely hairy. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes.
Var. y, grandifoiia (Benth. 1. c.) leaves twice the size of
those of the species, inembranous, and green like the rest of the
plant. 1/ . ? S. Native near Rio Janeiro.
Recurved-calyxed Hyptis. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 4 to
6 feet.
14 H. PALUDOSA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 82.) herba-
ceous, clothed with soft, silky villi ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, acute, serrated, roundly cuneated at the base, wrinkled,
clothed with soft villi, canescent beneath ; heads globose, densely
many-flowered ; peduncles 2-3 times longer than the heads ;
bracteas subulate, adpressed, about equal in length to the
calyxes ; receptacle naked ; fructiferous calyx tubular, downy,
recurved, with a somewhat dilated mouth, and lanceolate-subu-
late teeth, i;. ? S. Native of Brazil, in many places by the
sea-side. Flowers white. Nearly allied to H. recurvata.
Marsh Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
15 H. microphy'lla (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 82.)
herbaceous, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves on short
petioles, ovate, crenated, narrowed at the base, wrinkled ; heads
globose, densely many-flowered ; peduncles 2-3 times longer
than the heads ; receptacle naked ; bracteas subulate, adpressed,
about equal in length to the calyxes ; fructiferous calyx tubular,
toiuentose, recurved, with a somewhat dilated mouth, and lan-
ceolate-subulate segments, i;.? S. Native of Bmzil, in the
provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, in humid ])astures, and
inundated places. Leaves and heads smaller than those of H.
recurvata, and the peduncles shorter. Corolla flesh-coloured.
Small-leaved Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
16 H. divarica'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 82.)
herbaceous, divaricate ; branches ascending, twiggy, clothed
with hoary pubescence ; leaves linear-lanceolate, remote, ser-
rated at top, narrowed a long vvay at the base, green above,
canescent beneath ; heads globose, densely many-flowered, pe-
dunculate ; bracteas subulate, adpressed, about equal in length
to the calyx ; receptacle nearly naked ; calyx tubular, pubescent,
with the mouth at length rather oblique, and the teeth subulate.
X-'! S. Native of Brazil, in fields near rivulets in the province
of Goyaz. Stem much branched at the base, leafy ; branches
LABIATE. XV. HvrTis.
689
bluntly tetragonal. I<ower leaves 1-2 inches long. Corolla
pale purplish.
Divaricate Hyptis. PL 2 to 3 feet.
17 H. lavandula'cea (Polil, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
82.) herbaceous, clothed with white tomentum, erect ; branches
twiggy ; leaves linear, denticulated at apex, narrowed at the
base ; heads globose, densely many-flowered, on long pedun-
cles; bracteas subulate, adpressed, about equal in length to the
calyxes ; receptacle naked ; calyx tubular, pubescent, with the
mouth at length oblique, and tlie teeth subulate. 1/ . ? S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, near Fazenda de
Camelliera. Allied to the preceding, but the habit is erect, and
the whole plant hoary, and the leaves longer and narrower.
Lavcndcr-like Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
]S H. CAPRARLEFOLIA (Pohl, icon. bras. ined. ex Benth. lab.
p. 83.) suffruticose, branched at the base ; branches tall, almost
naked at top, clothed with short pubescence ; leaves small, fas-
cicled, nearly sessile, lanceolate-cuneated, acute, toothed, nar-
rowed at the base, green, pubescent ; heads on long peduncles,
small, globose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, about
equal in length to the head ; receptacle naked ; fructiferous
calyx elongated, recurved : teeth subulate, pubescent, shorter
than the tube. 1; . .S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Goyaz, on Serra do Clirysais, and on Mount Clarvo.
C'apraria-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
19 H. DESERTORUM (Pohl, icou. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 83.)
branches erect, clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, crenatcd, narrowed at the base, thick, wrinkled,
clothed with rusty villi on both surfaces ; heads on long pedun-
cles, globose, densely many-flowered ; receptacle naked ; brac-
teas equal in length to the head, linear, clothed with rufous
villi ; fructiferous calyx elongated, recurved : teeth linear,
clothed with rufous villi. If . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the
pastures of deserts at Rio Parahybuna, in the province of
Minas Geraes.
Desert Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
20 H. brunne'scens (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 83.)
shrubby ; ? branches clothed with short, rufous tomentum ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenated, narrowly round-
ed at the base, wrinkled, scabrous above, and clothed with
rufous (omentum beneath ; heads on long peduncles, globose,
densely many-flowered ; receptacle naked ; bracteas subulate,
about equal in length to the calyxes; fructiferous calyx elongated,
recurved : teeth subulate, clothed with soft villi, shorter than
the tube. Ij . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz,
at Engendo dos Bois.
Brunnescent Hyptis. Shrub. 1
21 H. refle'xa (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 83.) her-
baceous, erect, densely clothed with rufous villi ; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate, acute, sharply and unequally toothed, narrowly
cuneated at the base, clothed with very soft villi ; heads on
long peduncles, globose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas su-
bulate, about equal in length to the calyxes ; receptacle nearly
naked ; fructiferous calyx elongated, recurved : teeth subulate,
clothed with soft villi, shorter than the tube. 1(1.? S. Native
of Brazil, in grassy fields near Araxa, in the province of Minas
Geraes. Stems many, a little branched. Corolla purplish
violet, downy. Plant fetid.
Rejiexed-calyxed Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
22 H. cardiophy'lla (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 84.)
stems erect, strict, densely clothed with white hairs ; leaves
sessile, stem-clasping, broadly heart-shaped, acute, a little ser-
rated, clothed with soft silky wool ; heads pedunculate, glo-
bose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, beset with soft
villi, about equal in length to the head ; receptacle naked ;
fructiferous calyx elongated, recurvedly deflexed : teeth subu-
VOL. IV.
late, villous. If. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of
Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Stems many, simple, or sparingly
branched. Corollas blue. ?
Heart-leaved Hyptis. PI. 1 to H foot.
Sect, VI. Cyanoce'phalus (from kvacor, kyanos, blue ; and
KeipaXi], kephale, a head ; the heads of flowers are blue.) Benth.
lab. p. 84. Heads globose, densely many-flowered. Bracteas
numerous, adpressed, equal in length to the head, subulate,
soft, villous, reflexed on the peduncle. Receptacle naked, or
clothed with short pubescence. Fructiferous calyx membranous,
turbinately tubular, straight, or a little incurved, glabrous at
base ; teeth subulate, straight, clothed with soft villi, about
equal in length to the tube. Corolla scarcely exceeding the
calycine teeth. — Usually hard herbs, or sub-shrubs. Heads of
flowers few towards the tops of the branches, generally on long
peduncles. When young several of the first species of this
section cannot be distinguished from some species of the sect.
Cyrta. Others, by the slight inflation of the tube of the calyx
at its maturity, come very near the section Xanlh'tophce a, ex
Benth.
23 H. lana'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 84.)
suftVuticose ; branches clothed with wool like hairs ; leaves
numerous, sessile, ovate, acutish, crenated, cordately stem-
clasping at the base, clothed with wool like hairs on both
surfaces, nervosely wrinkled beneath; heads pedunculate, dense-
ly many-flowered ; receptacle nearly naked ; bracteas subulate,
about equal in length to the head ; calyx nearly straight, with
subulate teeth, which are clothed with woolly villi, and are
about equal in length to the tube. % . S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Goyaz, at Agua Gente and Traheras.
Woolly Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
24 H. adpre'ssa (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 84.) stems
erect, strict, nearly simple, pubescent ; leaves sessile, erect,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenately serrated, rounded at the base,
subcordately stem-clasping, stiff, nerved, glabrous, or tomen-
tose ; heads globose, densely many-flowered, on long pedun-
cles ; receptacle naked ; bracteas subulate, equal in length to
the head ; calyx straight : teeth subulate, clothed with soft
villi, about equal in length to the tube. "U-.l S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in fields near Torquilla.
Habit and flowers similar to H. cardiopkylla.
Adpressed Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 H. RiGiDA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 85.) suf-
fruticose ; branches jiubescont, erect ; leaves sessile, ovate,
acutish, serrately crenated, cordately stem-clasping at the base,
wrinkled, clothed with very short rufous pubescence beneath ;
heads on long peduncles, globose, densely many-flowered ; re-
ceptacle nearly naked ; bracteas subulate, about equal in length
to the head of flowers ; calyx straightish : teeth subulate,
clothed with soft villi, about equal in length to the tube, h . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. This
species difl"ers from H. nervosa in the leaves being narrower
and less canescent, and in the heads being smaller, &c.
Rigid Hyptis. Shrub.
26 H. fragilifolia (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 85.) suf-
fruticose ; branches erect, pubescent ; leaves sessile, ovate-
roundish, obtuse, crenated, cordately stem-clasping at the base,
stiflT, nearly glabrous above, and at length shining, reticulately
veined beneath, and nearly glabrous ; heads pedunculate, glo-
bose, densely many-flowered ; receptacle naked ; bracteas su-
bulate, about equal in length to the head ; calyxes straight :
teeth subulate, clothed with soft villi, about equal in length to
the tube. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, near Pentra. Corolla pale purple.
Brittle-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
4 T
690
LABIAT.E. XV. Hyptis.
■ 27 H. NERVOSA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Bcnth. lab. p. 85.) suf-
fruticose ; branches villously hispid ; leaves sessile, ovate-round-
ish, obtuse, crenated, cordately stem-clasping at the base, wrin-
kled, pubescent above, and clothed with hoary tomentuni be-
neath ; heads on long peduncles, globose, densely many-flower-
ed ; receptacle nearly naked ; bracteas subulate, about equal in
length to the head ; calyx straightish : teeth subulate, clothed
with soft villi, about equal in length to the tube. fj . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, between Estiva
and Rio de Prata.
Accrued-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
28 H. ca'ndida (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 85.) suf-
fruticose ; branches clothed with white tomentum ; leaves ses-
sile, ovate, bluntish, crenated, cordately stem-clasping at the
base, wrinkled, canescent above, but clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath ; heads on long peduncles, globose, densely many-
flowered ; receptacle nearly naked ; bracteas subulate, about
equal in length to the head ; calyx nearly straight : teeth subu-
late, clothed with soft villi, about equal in length to the tube.
^ . S. Native of Brazil, between Rio Jequitinhonha and Bar-
reros, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Whitened Hyptis. Shrub.
29 H. MOLLi'ssiMA (Benth. lab. p. 85.) suffruticose ; branches
elongated, villous ; leaves sessile, ovate-roundish, acutish, cre-
nated, cordately stem-clasping at the base, nervosely wrinkled,
clothed with very soft villi on both surfaces ; peduncles longer
than the leaves ; heads globose, densely many-flowered ; brac-
teas subulate, equalling the head ; receptacle naked ; calyxes
nearly straight : teeth subulate, clothed with soft villi, rather
longer than the tube. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, &c., in hedges and cultivated places.
Stem woody at base. Branches almost simple, tetragonal.
Corolla obscure violet, shorter than the calycine teeth.
Fery soft Hyptis. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
30 H. argu'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 86.) suf-
fruticose ? tall ; branches densely clothed with rufous villi ;
leaves petiolate, broad-ovate or roundish, sharply toothed, thick,
wrinkled, densely villous on both surfaces ; heads on long pe-
duncles, globose, densely many-flowered ; receptacle naked ;
bracteas subulate, equal in length to the head ; calyx nearly
straight : teeth subulate, clothed with very soft villi, about equal
in length to the tube. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in pastures of
deserts at Rio Parahybuna, in the province of Minas Geraes.
This species differs from its nearest allies, in the more densely
villous, larger leaves.
(S/iarp-toothed-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
31 H. RUGOSA (Benth. lab. p. 86.) stem shrubby; branches
pubescently villous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-roundish,
acute, sharply and serrately crenated, rounded or cordate at the
base, wrinkled, clothed with short rufous villi on both surfaces ;
heads on long peduncles, globose, densely many-flowered ; brac-
teas subulate, about equal in length to the head ; calyx nearly
straight : teeth subulate, clothed with soft villi, rather longer
than the tube. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, on Serra das Caran-
cas, in the province of Minas Geraes, &c. Leaves 6-9 lines
long, usually 3 in a whorl, thick, hard.
fVnnlilcd-\ea\ed Hyptis. Shrub 2 feet.
32 H. cunea'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 86.) suf-
fruticose ? ; branches erect, tomentosely pubescent ; leaves on
short petioles, obovate, broadly crenated, narrowed at the base,
stiff, rather scabrous above, reticulated beneath, and clothed
with rufous pubescence ; heads globose, on long peduncles; re-
ceptacle naked ; bracteas subulate, equalling the head ; calyx
straight : teeth subulate, clothed with soft villi, about equal in
length to the tube. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, in deserts at Rio
Parahybuna, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Ci(nefl/e-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
33 H. lippioi'des (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 86.)
shrubby ? ; branches clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, crenated, rounded at the base, pubescent
above, but reticulated and clothed with rufous tomentum be-
neath, rigid ; heads on long peduncles, globose, densely many-
flowered ; receptacle naked ; bracteas subulate, equalling the
head ; calyx nearly straight : teeth subulate, clothed with soft
villi, about equal in length to the tube. >; . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Goyaz. Nearly allied to H. r'lgida,
with the habit of//, nervosa; but the leaves are constantly pe-
tiolate, and ovate at the base, and not cordately stem-clasping.
Lippia-like Hyptis. Shrub.
34 H. selaginifolia (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 87.)
shrubby; branches subfasciculate, stiff, nearly glabrous, nodose;
leaves small, nearly sessile, linear, acute, sharply serrated, nar-
rowed at the base, stiff, glabrous, smooth ; heads on long pe-
duncles, globose, densely many-flowered ; receptacle naked ;
bracteas subulate, equalling the head ; calyxes erectish : teeth
subulate, soft, villous, about equal in length to the tube. Ij . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Habit and
heads like those of//, rugbsa, but the form of the leaves is very
distinct.
Selago-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
35 H. peduncula'ris (Benth. lab. p. 87.) pubescent; leaves
remote, sessile, lanceolate, obtuse, serrated, rounded at the
base, rather coriaceous, glabrous above, shining and nerved be-
neath, clothed with fine down ; heads on long peduncles, glo-
bose, densely many-flowered ; receptacle nearly naked ; brac-
teas subulate, equal in length to the heads ; calyx nearly
straight: teeth subulate, clothed with soft villi, about equal in
length to the tube. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Minas Geraes, in grassy fields at Serro Frio and Villa de
Tepico, &c. Stem nearly simple. Leaves 2 inches long, but
shorter than the internodes. Peduncles twice as long as the
leaves. Calyx tubular.
Long-peduncled Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
36 H. ? BiDENTA^TA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 87.)
herbaceous? ; branches erect, strict, clothed with short tomen-
tose pubescence ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate-ovate,
sharply and doubly serrated, cuneate at the base, nervosely
wrinkled, pubescent on both surfaces, or clothed with rufous
tomentum beneath ; heads on long peduncles, globose, densely
many-flowered ; receptacle naked ; bracteas subulate, about
equal in length to the head ; fructiferous calyx elongated, a
little recurved : teeth subulate, clothed with soft pubescence,
shorter than the tube. 1/. ? S. Native of Brazil, in pastures
of deserts at Rio Parahybuna, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Habit of //. incha, but the fructiferous calyx is a little re-
curved. Perhaps belonging to this or the preceding section.
Twke-toothed-\ea\eA Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
37 H. iNci'sA (St. Hil. et Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 87.)
nearly glabrous, or clothed with clammy pubescence ; stems
procumbent at the base, ascending ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate or lanceolate, acute, irregularly and deeply serrated, un-
dulated, roundedly cuneated at the base, stiff, nearly glabrous
on both surfaces ; heads on long peduncles, globose, densely
many-flowered ; receptacle naked ; bracteas subulate, equalling
the heads ; calyx nearly straight : teeth subulate, soft, villous,
about equal in length to the tube. %.1 ^. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Minas Geraes, on Serro Frio. Allied to H.
peJuncularis, but differs in the leaves. Leaves about an inch
long, and, like the peduncles, are often 3 in a whorl.
C«i-leaved Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
38 H. LONGiPES (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 88.) suffru-
ticose, nearly glabrous, or clothed with tomentose pubescence;
LABIATE. XV. Hyptis.
691
leaves petiolatc, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, irregularly and
bluntly tootlied, with undulated margins, narrowly cuneated at
the base, stiff, complicate, clothed with rufous down on both
surfaces ; heads on long peduncles, globose, densely many-
flowered ; bracteas subulate, equalling the heads ; receptacle
naked ; calyx pubescent, straight : teeth subulate, soft, villous,
about equal in length to the tube. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in
the woods called Carrascos, in that part of the province of
Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. This species differs from
H. incisa, in the longer, petiolate, complicate leaves. Corollas
purplish. The whole herb is clammy and fetid.
Long-peduiiciccl Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
39 H. a'lbipes (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 88.) hairs
adpressed, woolly ; stems procumbent ; leaves nearly sessile,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrately crenated, cuneated at the base,
clothed with soft villi on both surfaces ; heads on long pedun-
cles, globose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, equal-
ling the heads ; receptacle naked ; calyx villous, with soft vil-
lous teeth, which are rather shorter than the tube. 1/ . ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in fields
near Salgado. Leaves 1 to 1 1 inch long : lower ones petiolate.
Heads of the preceding.
White-peduncled Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
40 H. elonga'ta (Benth. lab. p. 88.) clothed with soft pili ;
leaves on short petioles, oblong, acute, remotely and deeply
crenated or serrated, narrowed at the base, clothed with soft
hoary villi on both surfaces ; heads on long peduncles, globose,
densely many-flowered ; receptacle nearly naked ; bracteas
linear-subulate, exceeding the calyxes ; calyx densely villous :
teeth subulate, clothed with very soft villi, longer than the
tube. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in various places, Ruiz, et
Pav. and Mathews. Stem woody at the base, procumbent.
Branches erect, neai'ly terete. Leaves glandular beneath. Co-
rolla scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Elongated Hyptis. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. VIL Ekiosph/e'ria (from tpioi-, eriow, wool; and o-^atpo,
sphaira, a sphere ; in allusion to heads of flowers being woolly.)
Benth. lab. p. 88. Heads semiglobose, densely many-flowered.
Bracteas numerous, adpressed, lanceolate, or linear ; those of
the fruit bearing heads, spreading, not reflexed on the pe-
duncles, clothed with silky tomentum or wool. Receptacle very
villous or woolly. Calyx campanulate, straight, almost gla-
brous near the base, very villous or woolly at top ; teeth gene-
rally short, straight. Corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. —
Herbs or subshrubs, generally hard. Heads of flowers usually
on short peduncles, few towards the tops of the branches,
clothed with soft silky tomentum or woolly villi.
41 H. leucoce'phala (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 89.) suf-
fruticose, procumbent at the base ; branches ascending, clothed
vi'ith hoary pubescence above, and glabrous below ; leaves
nearly sessile, lanceolate, bluntly serrated, narrowed at the base,
wrinkled, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; heads small,
on long peduncles, nearly globose, densely many-flowered,
clothed with white wool ; receptacle woolly ; bracteas equal-
ling the heads, and are, as well as the calycine teeth, which
are subulate, clothed with soft villi, t; . S. Native of Brazil,
in sandy fields near Joazeiro, along the river San Francisco, in
the province of Bahia. Corolla exceeding the calyx a little,
rose-coloured. Plant aromatic. With the exception of this
species, which has many of the characters of the sections Cyano-
cephalus and Cephalohtjptis, the rest of them form a very natural
section.
Il'hite-headed Hyptis. Shrub procumbent.
42 H. PASsERfNA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 89.) shrub-
by, divaricate ; branches clothed with silky tomentum ; leaves
nearly sessile, small, obovate-oblong, obtuse, quite entire, undu-
lated, narrowed at the base, veinless, clothed with silky tomen-
tum ; heads small, semiglobose, densely many-flowered, on
short peduncles ; receptacle villous ; bracteas lanceolate, obtuse,
clothed with silky tomentum, about equal in length to the
heads ; calyx campanulate, clothed with silky villi ; teeth short,
lanceolate, l^ . S. Native of Brazil, on Serra tie Piedade, in
the province of INIinas Geraes. Nearly allied to H. Sellui, but
differs in the ovate undulated leaves.
Sparrow Hyptis. Shrub.
43 H. Selloi (Benth. lab. p. 89.) stem shrubby, proc\un-
bent ; branches clothed with silky tomentum ; leaves sessile,
linear, obtuse, quite entire, flat, narrowed at the base, veinless,
clothed with hoary tomentum ; heads small, semiglobose,
densely many-flowered, on short peduncles ; receptacle villous ;
bracteas lanceolate, clothed with silky tomentum, about equal in
length to the heads ; calyx campanulate, clothed with silky
villi : teeth short, lanceolate. fj . S. Native of the South of
Brazil. Shrub divaricate. Branches nearly terete. Corolla
glabrous, exceeding the tube of the calyx a little.
Sello's Hyptis. Shrub.
44 H. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 89.)
stem shrubby, erectish ; branches clothed with silky tomentum ;
leaves nearly sessile, linear, acute, toothed at top, quite entire at
the base, and narrowed a long way, veined, clothed with silky to-
mentum on both surfaces ; peduncles longer than the heads, which
are semiglobose and densely many-flowered ; receptacle villous ;
bracteas lanceolate, clothed with silky tomentum, equalling the
heads ; calyx campanulate, clothed with silky villi : teeth short,
very soft, lanceolate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, on Serra de
Ourada, in the province of Goyaz. Allied to H. Selldi, and as
if it was intermediate between it and H. velutlna. Leaves \\
to 9.\ inches long : floral ones exceeding the head.
N arrow-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
45 H. saxa'tilis (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 90.) suffru-
ticose ; branches clothed with silky tomentum ; leaves nearly
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, toothed at apex, quite entire at
the base, and narrowed, veiny, clothed with silky tomentum on
both surfaces ; peduncles longer than the heads ; heads semi-
globose, densely many-flowered ; receptacle villous ; bracteas
lanceolate, clothed with silky tomentum, about equal in length
to the heads ; calyx campanulate, clothed with silky wool : teeth
short, lanceolate. H . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Goyaz. Allied to H. angustijbha, but differs in the form of
the leaves.
Rock Hyptis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
46 H. Hila'rii (Benth. lab. p. 90.) herbaceous? hard, clothed
with long, loose, silky wool ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-round-
ish, obtuse, crenulated, rounded at the base, thick, stiff; heads
semiglobose, densely many-flowered, on short peduncles ; re-
ceptacle very villous ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, about equal in
length to the head ; calyx clothed with woolly villi : teeth short,
acute. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the
province of Goyaz, on the stony mountain called Morro de
Tisao. Stems nearly simple, 1 to 1| foot long. Leaves 1 to
\\ inch long.
Si. Hilaire's Hyptis. Shrub 1 to Ij foot.
47 H. veluti'na (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. p. 90.) herba-
ceous ; the whole plant velvety from silky hairs ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, narrowed a long way into tlie peti-
oles ; heads semiglobose, densely many-flowered, on short
peduncles ; receptacle very villous ; bracteas ovate or lanceo-
late, about equal in length to the heads ; calyx very villous :
teeth subulate, shorter than the tube. %. S. Native of Brazil,
not far from Villa Boa, &c., in the province of Goyaz ; and
4 T 2
692
LABIATE. XV. Hypiis.
near Paracatu, in the province of Minas Geraes. Habit of
Bupthdlmiwi aqudticum. Corolla pale purplish violet.
Velvety Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
48 H. oRiGANofoEs (Polil, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 91.)
suffruticose, procumbent, clothed with adpressed pubescence ;
leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, crenated, narrowed a short way
into the petioles at the base ; heads semiglobose, densely many-
flowered, on short peduncles ; receptacle villous ; bracteas lan-
ceolate-linear, about equal in length to the head ; calyx very
villous : teeth subulate, shorter than the tube. Fj . S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, on the tops of the moun-
tains called Chapado do Serra San Marcos, and elsewhere in the
same province. Allied to H. velullna, but differs in being less
woolly, and in the stem being procumbent, &c.
Marjoram-like Hyptis. Shrub procumbent.
49 H. dictyoi'dea (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 91.)
branches stiffs, panicled above, clothed with hoary villi ; leaves
on short petioles, oval, obtuse, crenately toothed, roundly cune-
ated at the base, scabrous above, reticulated beneath, and lacu-
nosely wrinkled, pubescent on the nerves : upper ones acute,
canescent beneath ; heads pedunculate, semiglobose ; receptacle
woolly; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, villous, equalling the heads ;
calyx villous : teeth subulate, stifRsh, villous, rather shorter
than the tube. (j . ? S. Native of Brazil, at Fazenda Dios
and Caldas ; and on Serra San Felix, in the province of
Goyaz.
Net-like Hyptis. Shrub. ?
50 H. Adama'ntum (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 91.) suf-
fruticose, the whole plant velvety from silky hairs ; leaves ses-
sile, oval, acute, a litde toothed, rounded at the base ; heads
semiglobose, densely many-flowered, on short peduncles ; re-
ceptacle villous ; bracteas lanceolate, acute, about equal in
length to the head ; calyx clothed with woolly villi : teeth short,
lanceolate-subulate. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Minas Geraes, in the diamond district, on the banks of the
rivulet called Corrego Novo. Leaves hardly half an inch long.
Corolla rose-coloured.
Z)ian!onrf-district Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 2| feet.
51 H. c^ru'lea (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 91.) herba-
ceous ; stems procumbent, branched, villous ; leaves small, nu-
mero\is, sessile, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base,
wrinkled, pubescent ; heads semiglobose, densely many-flower-
ed ; peduncles rather longer than the heads ; bracteas lanceo-
late-linear, recurved, equal in length to the head ; receptacle
woolly ; calyx very villous ; teeth short, subulate. 1^. ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the moun-
tain called Serra da Canastra. Herb much branched, humble,
procumbent. Corollas blue.
Blue-Lowered Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
52 H. alpe'stris (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 92.) herba-
ceous ; stems ascending or erect, sparingly branched, clothed
with rufous villi ; leaves numerous, sessile, ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse, crenated, cordately stem-clasping at the base, reflexed,
wrinkled, clothed with velvety pubescence ; heads semiglobose,
densely many-flowered ; peduncles about equal in length to the
heads ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, equalling the head ; recep-
tacle woolly ; calyx very villous, with short subulate teeth.
^ . ? S. Native of Brazd, in humid grassy places near Serra
da Canastra, in the province of Minas Geraes. All parts
of the plant are larger than in H. ccertllea and H. gratiolce-
fulia.
Alp Hyptis. PI. elongated.
53 H. gratiol«f6lia (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 92.)
herbaceous ; stems erect, branched at the base ; branches
twigcry, clothed with rufous villi ; leaves small, numerous, ses-
sile, ovate-obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, wrinkled.
clothed with rufous pubescence ; heads semiglobose, densely
many-flowered ; peduncles equal in length to the heads ; recep-
tacle woolly ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, rather longer than the
head, recurved at top ; receptacle woolly ; calyx very villous :
teeth subulate, about equal in length to the tube. 1|. ? S.
Native of Brazil, in elevated plains in the western parts of the
province of Minas Geraes. Very like H. cceriilea, in stature,
leaves, and heads, but differing in the bracteas and calycine teeth
being longer. Heads few, approximating into a terminal co-
rymb.
Gratiola-like Hyptis. PL 2 to 3 feet. 1
54 H. Goyave'nsis (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 92.)
herbaceous or suffruticose ? ascending or erect ; branches
densely villous ; leaves sessile, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, crenated,
cordate at the base, wrinkled, villous ; heads semiglobose,
densely-many-flowered ; peduncles shorter than the heads ;
bracteas linear, straight, equalling the heads ; receptacle woolly ;
calyx very villous : teeth short, subulate. Jj • ' S. Native of
Brazil, in fields near Laage, in the southern region of the pro-
vince of Goyaz. Plant with a hard or shrubby base. Corollas
azure blue, downy. Differs from H. ccerulea in the form of the
leaves and habit ; and from H. crendta in the mutic bracteas and
short calycine teeth.
Goyaz Hyptis. Shrub 1 foot.
55 H. OVA TA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 92.) stem
herbaceous, erect, stiff", villous ; leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse,
crenated, cordate at the base, reticulately wrinkled, clothed with
tomentose pubescence on both surfaces ; heads semiglobose,
densely many-flowered, on short peduncles ; receptacle very
villous ; bracteas lanceolate at the base, and are, as well as the
calyxes, very villous ; teeth of calyx long-subulate, glabrous.
14. ? S. Native of Brazil, between Allegres and Trinidada, in
the province of Minas Geraes. Differing from H. crenata, in
the broader smoother leaves, &c.
Oia^e-leaved Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
5(i H. crena'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 93.)
herbaceous ; stem erect, stiff", villous ; leaves sessile, oblong-
ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, villous on both
surfaces, reticulately wrinkled ; heads semiglobose, densely
many-flowered ; receptacle woolly ; bracteas lanceolate at the
base, long-subulate at apex, exceeding the calyxes ; calyx dense-
ly villous, with villous subulate teeth, which are hardly longer
than the tube. i;. ? S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of
Minas Geraes, Goyaz, and Bahia, &c. A very polymorphous
species, beset with long spreading hairs, and more or less
clothed with rusty tomentum. It is distinguished from its
nearest ally, H. ccerulea, by the bracteas ending in long subu-
late points.
Crena/efZ-leaved Hyptis. PI. 1 foot.
57 H. turner^folia (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 93.)
suff"ruticose ; branches pubescent ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, a little crenated, rounded at the base or cor-
date, clothed with soft adpressed villi, pale beneath ; heads semi-
globose, densely many-flowered, on short peduncles ; receptacle
woolly ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, equal in length to the head ;
calyx very villous at top : teeth subulate, shorter than the tube.
Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at
Serro Frio, &c. Habit of Pidicciria dyssenterica. Leaves
rather tomentose beneath. Corolla hardly longer than the
calyx, white : the upper lip marked with purple.
Turncra-leaved Hyptis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ?
58 H. ASTERofoES (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 93.) stems
erect, lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, with re-
volute edges, wrinkled, villous ; heads pedunculate, globose,
densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate-subulate, about
equal in length to the head ; receptacle woolly ; calyx very
LABIATiE. XV. Hyitis.
(>93
villous at top : teeth subulate, longer than the tube. If..'! S.
Native of Brazil. Stems numerous. Habit of Aster, section
Galatella. Leaves like those of Myosotis lappula. Heads
like those of H. crcnata, but the calycine teeth are less re-
curved.
Aster-like Hyptis. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. VIII. Ooce'phalus (from b)uv, oon, an egg ; and
Ki(pa\i], kcphale, a head; in allusion to the ovoid or egg-shaped
heads of Howers.) Benth. lab. p. 94. Heads ovoid, dense,
few-flowered. Bracteas numerous, adpressed, ovate. Calyx
tubularly campanulate, straight : teeth subulate, clothed with
soft villi, longer than the tube. — Subshrubs or shrubs. Heads
peduncled, panicled at the tops of the branches.
59 H. HALiMiFOLiA (Mart. niss. ex Benth. lab. p. 94.) suffru-
ticose ? ; branches ascending, hoary ; leaves nearly sessile,
ovate, obtuse, quite entire, rounded at the base, hoary on both
surfaces ; heads pedunculate, ovate, hoary, densely many-flow-
ered; receptacle naked; bracteas ovate, bluntish, about equal
in length to the head ; calyx tubular, with villous subulate
teeth. h . S. Native of Brazil, in high stony fields at Villa
do Rio de Contas, in the province of Baliia. Colour of plant
that oi A' triplex Halimus. Corolla exserted a liltle.
Halimum- leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
60 H. cRAssiFoLiA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 94.) suffru-
ticose ; branches densely and tomentosely hispid ; leaves nume-
rous, sessile, rounded, very blunt, cordately stem-clasping at the
base, very hairy on both surfaces, with revolute edges ; heads
on short peduncles, ovate-globose, dense, 6-10-flowered ; recep-
tacle naked ; bracteas lanceolate, equal in length to the heads,
very hispid ; calycine teeth subulate, very villous, about equal
in length to the tube. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in rocky
places at Villa do Rio de Contas, in the province of Bahia. A
humble shrub, with a divaricate base. Leaves hardly ^ an inch
long. Corolla exserted, downy outside.
Thick-leaved Hyptis. Shrub dwarf.
61 H. LACUNosA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 94.)
shrubby ; branches clothed with soft villi ; leaves nearly sessile,
ovate, bluntish, scarcely crenated, cordate at the base, wrinkled,
rufescent beneath, or canescent, tomentosely pubescent ; heads
pedunculate, ovate, densely few-flowered ; receptacle naked ;
bracteas ovate, adpressed, one half shorter than the calycine
teeth ; calyx villous, with subulate, softly villous teeth, which
are longer than the tube. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Minas Geraes, in various places. Heads 4-10-
flowered. Corolla hardly exceeding the calycine teeth.
Lacunose Hyptis. Shrub.
Sect. IX. Trichosph^'ria (from dpii rpixoC) thrix trichos,
a hair ; and (T<paipa, sjihaira, a sphere ; in allusion to the plumose
calycine teeth, which gives a hair-like appearance to the heads
of flowers.) Benth. lab. p. 95. Heads globose, densely many-
flowered. Bracteas numerous, adpressed, subulate, reflexed on
the peduncle in the fructiferous heads. Receptacle naked.
Calyx campanulate, straight : teeth filiform, softly plumose,
inucli longer than the tube. Corolla shorter than the calycine
teeth. — Shrubs or subshrubs, usually clothed with lomentum.
Heads numerous, on long peduncles, amply panicled, usually
bluish.
62 H. crini'ta (Benth. lab. p. 95.) stem shrubby; branches
clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, acutish, quite entire or somewhat serrated, narrowed
at the base, clothed with hoary tomentum, a little wrinkled ;
floral leaves shorter than the peduncles ; heads globose, densely
many-flowered ; bracteas linear or subulate, shorter than the
head ; receptacle naked ; calyx villous. fj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Leaves
opposite or .'3 in a whorl. Corollas pale red.
Far. i3, polijcephala (Benth. lab. p. 95.) leaves smaller, and
more tomentose ; heads numerous. h^ . S. Native of Brazil,
Long-haired Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 2j feet.
63 H. spir/e;ef6lia (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 9r>.)
shrubby ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves on
short petioles, cuneate-oblong or obovate, obtuse or mucronu-
late, crenated, cuneated at the base, clothed with hoary tomen-
tum beneath, stiffish ; panicle ample ; heads on short peduncles,
globose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, about equal
in length to the head ; calyx villous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Minas Geraes, in desert fields, on Serro Frio,
at the river Jequitinhonha. Branches tetragonal. Leaves 3 in
a whorl.
Spircea-leaved Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
64 H. Martiu^sii (Benth. lab. p. 95.) shrubby ; branches
finely tomentose ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, cre-
nated, roundly cuneated at the base, a little wrinkled above, and
pubescent, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; heads
globose, densely many-flowered, pedunculate, panicled ; brac-
teas subulate, rather shorter than the head ; fructiferous calyx
elongated, with an inflated tube. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Bahia, in woods between Santa Anna and Santo
Antonio das Quebradas. Corollas white.
Martius's Hyptis. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
65 H. eriophy'lla (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 0^.)
shrubby ; branches clothed with white or rufous wool ; leaves
nearly sessile, oval, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, vil-
lous or tomentose above, but clothed with hoary tomentum, or
floccose wool beneath : heads densely globose, many-flowered,
pedunculate, panicled ; bracteas linear-subulate, rather shorter
than the head. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of
Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Corollas blue.
Var. (3, coriifoUa (Benth. 1. c.) plant less tomentose. (^ • S.
Woolly-leaved Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
66 H. brachyfhy'lla (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 96.)
shrubby ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, round-
ed at the base, wrinkled, clothed with short, rather rufous to-
mentum ; heads globose, densely many-flowered, pedunculate,
panicled ; bracteas subulate, rather shorter than the head ; fruc-
tiferous calyx elongated, with an inflated tube. fj . S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in fields at Serro
Frio. Nearly allied to H. eriophylla, but differs in the leaves
being shorter and broader.
Short-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
67 H. MULTIFLORA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 96.)
shrubby ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate-roundish, sharply crenated, clothed with
white tomentum beneath, coriaceous, stiff; panicle very ample ;
heads on short peduncles, globose, densely many-flowered ;
bracteas subulate, about equal in length to the head ; calyx vil-
lous, f; . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas
Geraes and Bahia.
Many-flowered Hyptis. Shrub.
Sect. X. Xanthioph^i'a (from lavQog, xanthos, yellow ;
and (paioi, phaios, brown ; so called probably from the colour
of the plants.) Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 97. Heads
globose, densely many-flowered. Bracteas numerous, adpressed,
subulate. Calyx turbinately campanulate, membranous in the
fructiferous state, inflated in the middle, and contracted at
the mouth ; teeth subulate, stiff, erect, or spreading. Tube
of corolla equal in length, or rather longer than the calyx.
694
LABIATE. XV. Hyptis.
— Procumbent or divaricate herbs, with the heads of flowers on
long peduncles.
68 H. sideri'tis (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 97.) herba-
ceous, procumbent ; branches ascending, very pilose ; lower
leaves petiolate : rameal ones nearly sessile, ovate, acute, sharply
serrated, rounded or cordate at the base, stiff, green on both
surfaces, and pilosely hispid ; heads few, pedunculate, globose,
densely many-flowered ; bracteas equal in length to the heads ;
receptacle naked; calyx hispid, with 5-10 unequal, subulate,
stiff, divaricate teeth, i;.? S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, in places which are inundated during the
winter. Herb pale green. Corolla violaceous, twice as long as
the calyx.
Sideritis-Mke Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
69 H. loba'ta (St. Hil. mss. ex Bentli. lab. p. 97.) herbaceous,
procumbent, pilosely pubescent ; leaves broad-ovate, acute, sinu-
ately lobed, crenated, cordate at the base, green on both sur-
faces ; heads on long peduncles, globose, densely many-flower-
ed ; bracteas about equal in length to the head ; receptacle
naked ; calyx hispid, with 5-6 nearly equal, subulate, stiff,
pubescent teeth, which are shorter than the tube. 1/ . ? S.
Native of Brazil, in pastures near San Joze, in the province of
St. Paul. Stems usually rooting at the nodi. Leaves like those
oi AlthcB'a hiraula : floral ones sessile. Corolla blue. Odour
fetid.
Ijohed-\ea.\'eii Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
70 H. lagena'ria (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 98.) her-
baceous ; branches ascending, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acuminated, acute, doubly toothed, rounded at the base,
green, pubescent ; heads pedunculate, panicled, nearly globose,
densely many-flowered ; receptacle naked ; bracteas about equal
in length to the head ; calyx glabrous, with subulate teeth,
which are shorter than the tube. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil.
Bracteas, as well as the teeth of the calyx, generally hooked at
top. Calyx usually 5-tootlied.
i?o<</e-shaped-calyxed Hyptis. PI. ascending.
Sect. XI. Cephalohy'ptis (from KccpaXr}, kcphale, a head ;
and Hyptis.) Benth. lab. p. 98. Heads semi-globose, or at
length globose, densely many-flowered. Bracteas numerous,
adpressed, ovate, lanceolate, linear, rarely subulate. Recep-
tacle glabrous, rarely villous. Calyx campanulate or tubular,
straight, glabrous, pubescent, or villously hispid, never woolly :
teeth subulate or lanceolate at the base, rarely very short and
obtuse. Corolla exceeding the calyx a little. — Herbs or sub-
shrubs, with axillary, pedunculate, or nearly sessile heads of
flowers.
§ 1. Gnidi;ef6lia (from Gn'idia and folia ; in reference to
the leaves resembling those of the genus Gnldia.') Benth. lab.
p. 98. Leaves small, quite entire, cordate at the base, with re-
volute edges. Fructiferous heads globose, villous. Bracteas
ovate, or lanceolate.
71 H. imbrica'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 98.)
branches erect or ascending, twiggy, pilose ; leaves sessile,
erect, adpressed to the stem, imbricate, with revolute ciliated
edges, dilately cordate at the base, glabrous ; heads globose,
densely many-flowered ; peduncles rather shorter than the
leaves ; bracteas ovate, acute, stiff, rather longer than the head;
calyx campanulate, hispid, glabrous at the base, with subulate
villous teeth, which at length spread. 1/ . S. Native of Bra-
zil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Corolla
with the 2 upper segments red, the lower one rose-coloured, and
the lateral ones yellowish. Receptacle glabrous.
/??i6>(ca(e-leaved Hyptis. PI. ascending.
72 H. ditassoi'des (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 99.) suffru-
1
ticose; branches villous; leaves small, sessile, numerous, spread-
ing, very blunt, quite entire, with revolute edges, cordately
stem-clasping at the base, blistered, and quite glabrous above,
one-nerved, and villous beneath ; heads densely globose, many-
flowered, on very short peduncles ; bracteas lanceolate, villous ;
calyx nearly glabrous at the base, elongated, with very villous
subulate teeth. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes, on Serro Frio. Habit of Pence a or Ditdssa.
Receptacle very pilose.
Ditassa-like Hyptis. Shrub.
§ 2. Lavandula'ce.e (so called from the leaves being like
those of Lavender.) Benth. lab. p. 99. Leaves narrowed at
the base, and quite entire, a little toothed at top. Fructiferous
heads globose, villous. Bracteas lanceolate, or linear.
73 H. linarioi'des (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 99.)
suftVuticose ; branches erect, strict, tall, somewhat canescent ;
leaves sessile, linear, almost quite entire, clothed with fine hoary
pubescence ; heads nearly globose, densely many-flowered, on
long peduncles ; bracteas lanceolate, clothed with white tomen-
tum : exteror ones exceeding the head ; receptacle nearly
naked ; calyx villous, with subulate, erect, softly villous teeth,
which are about equal in length to the tube. (j . S. Native of
Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes, in fields.
Corollas white, spotted with purple. Very nearly allied to
H. stricllssima, and only differs in the heads being larger and
more villous, &c.
Linaria-like Hyptis. Shrub.
74 H. STBicTi'ssiMA (Polil, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 99.)
sufiFruticose ; branches erect, strict, tall, clothed with short ad-
pressed pubescence ; leaves sessile, linear, almost quite entire,
narrowed at the base, clothed with fine hoary pubescence ;
heads nearly globose, densely many-flowered, on long pedun-
cles ; bracteas linear : exterior ones about equal in length to
the head ; receptacle naked ; calyx tubularly campanulate, vil-
lous : teeth subulate, erect, one half shorter than the tube, fj .
S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz, on the tops of
the mountains called Chapada do Serra San Marcos.
Very-strict Hyptis. Shrub.
75 H. DENSiFOLiA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 100.)
suffruticose ; branches erect, clothed with short adpressed pu-
bescence ; leaves sessile, oblong, quite entire, or denticulated at
top, narrowed at the base, veiny, nearly glabrous, or clothed
with fine tomentose pubescence ; heads globose, densely many-
flowered, on long peduncles ; bracteas lanceolate : outer ones
longer than the iieads, obtuse ; receptacle naked ; calyx tubu-
larly campanulate, villous : teeth subulate, erect, much shorter
than the tube. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of
Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Habit of i/. linarioides, from which
it appears to differ only in the broader leaves.
Ljense-florvered Hyptis. Shrub.
76 H. VERONic^FOLiA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab.
p. 100.) stem procumbent, pubescent ; leaves sessile, oval,
toothed at top, rounded at the base, cuneated, nearly glabrous
on both surfaces ; heads on long peduncles, nearly globose,
densely many- flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, obtuse, about equal
in length to the head ; receptacle naked ; calyx tubular, villous :
teeth subulate, erect, one half shorter than the tube. 1/ . ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, at Engenho, near
San Sebastian.
Speedrvell-leaved Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
§ 3. Peduncul6s.e (so called from the heads being supported
by long peduncles.) Benth. lab. p. 100. Heads of flowers
LABIATE. XV. Hyptis.
695
semi-globose, on long peduncles. Bracteas subulate. Calyx
glabrous, or pubescent : teeth subulate.
77 H. TETRAGONA (Polil, icoD. iiicd. ex Bentli. lab. p. 100.)
stem erect, nearly glabrous : angles acute, pubescent ; leaves on
short petioles, oval, obtuse, crenated, narrowed at tlie base,
wrinkled, rather scabrous above, but clothed with rusty pubes-
cence beneath ; peduncles elongated : lower ones branched ;
heads nearly globose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas subu-
late, equal in length to the calyxes ; calyx tubularly campanu-
late, rather villous : teeth lanceolate, stiff, nearly glabrous. %. ?
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, at Engenho
dos Boys.
Tetragonal-stemmed Hyptis. PI. ?
78 H. multibractea'ta (Benth. lab. p. 100.) herbaceous,
glabrous or pubescent at top, pilose on the nodi ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, acuminated, serrated, rounded at the base,
or running down the petioles, very villous, wrinkled ; peduncles
tomentose, rather longer than the heads, which are seniiglobose,
and densely many-flowered ; bracteas very numerous, linear,
somewhat radiant, rather longer than the head ; calyx nearly gla-
brous, with short, linear, lanceolate, stiff teeth. 1/ . ? S. Native of
Brazil, in the provinces of Bahia, Rio Janeiro, and Minas Geraes.
Allied to H. lantantxfblia, from which it differs in the petiolate
leaves, and in all the bracteas being linear-subulate. Leaves 1
to 1 2 inches long.
Many-bracted Hyptis. PI.?
§ 4. Latibractea't^ (so named on account of the broad
bracteas.) Benth. lab. p. 401. Heads ofjlowers semi-globose.
Bracteas broad-ovate. Calyx glabrous, or pubescent, rvith subu-
late teeth.
79 H. petiola'ris (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 101.)
herbaceous, erect ; stem nearly glabrous : angles hispid ; leaves
on long petioles, broad-ovate, acute, doubly serrated, glabrous
or hispid above ; heads semiglobose, on long peduncles, densely
many-flowered ; bracteas ovate, acute, veiny, ciliated, nearly
glabrous, equal in length to the head ; calyx nearly glabrous :
teeth lanceolate-subulate, stiff, equalling the tube. It. ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, at Aldeja Maria.
hong-petioled Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
80 H. LANTAN^EFoLiA (Poit. in ann. mus. 7. p. 468. t. 29. f.
1.) herbaceous, villous ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate or oblong,
serrately crenated, narrowed at the base, wrinkled, tomentose
beneath ; heads globose, densely many-flowered, on long pedun-
cles ; bracteas ovate, acuminated : outer ones very broad, rather
longer than the calyxes ; receptacle villous ; calyx pubescent at
the base, with lanceolate, subulate, acute, stiff teeth, which are
rather spiny. % . S. Native of tropical America, from
Mexico to the province of Minas Geraes, in Brazil, Trinidad,
and Porto Rico. Stem creeping and rooting at the base.
Branches ascending. Corolla hardly longer than the calyx,
white : upper lip spotted with purple.
Lantana-leaved Hyptis. PI. 2 feet.
81 H. atroru'bens (Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 466. t. 27. f. 2.)
stem creeping and rooting at the base ; branches ascending,
pilosely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, roundly
cuneated at the base, hispid above, but pale, glabrous, or pilose
beneath ; heads pedunculate, globose, densely many-flowered ;
bracteas broad-ovate, membranous, veiny, hardly shorter than
the heads ; calyx membranous, tubular, truncate, with subulate,
strict teeth. 1/ . S. Native of tropical America, in shady
places, from Mexico to Maranham, in Brazil; St. Domingo,
Martinica, St. Vincent, &c. H. procumbens, Schiede et Deppe,
in Linnaea, 5. p. 101. Plant beset with long spreading hairs.
Corolla white : 2 upper segments spotted with red : lower ones
pale brown, pubescent outside.
Dark-red Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
§ 5. Marrubia'str.e (so called from the plants having the
appearance or habit of I\[arrubium, or Horehound.) Benth. lab.
p. 102.) Heads ofjlowers at length globose. Draclcas linear.
Calyx campanulate, membranous at the base, glabrous, generally
villous at top : teeth lanceolate -subulate. Leaves more or less
sinuated.
82 H. MOLLIS (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 102.) her-
baceous, clothed with rufous villi ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, obtuse, irregularly serrate-crenated, rounded at tiie base,
cuneated or cordate, clothed with soft, rufous, adpressed villi,
on both surfaces ; peduncles equal in length to the heads, which
are nearly globose, and densely many-flowered ; receptacle
pilose ; calyx campanulate, with a very villous mouth, and lan-
ceolate-subulate teeth, which are shorter than the tube. 1/ . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, Leaves 1
to 1| inch long.
Soft Hyptis. PI. 2 feet.
83 H. Marrubia'stra (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
102.) herbaceous; stem erect, clothed with rufous villi ; leaves
on short petioles, irregularly toothed, somewhat sinuated,
roundedly cordate at the base, villous on both surfaces ; pedun-
cles villous, longer than the heads, which are nearly globose,
and densely many-flowered ; calyx membranous, nearly gla-
brous : teeth subulate, villous, longer than the tube. 1/ . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, Pohl. ; and to-
wards Cochabamba, in Peru.
Horehound-like Hyptis. PI. 2 feet. ?
84 H. angulosa (Schott. mss. Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth.
lab. p. 102.) herbaceous ; stem erect, clothed with rufous villi ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, somewhat hastate, deeply serrated
or irregularly and sinuately lobed, roundly truncate at the base,
villous above and on the nerves beneath, or at length glabrous ;
peduncles villous, shorter than the heads, which are nearly glo-
bose, and densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate or oblong-
linear : outer ones hardly exceeding the heads ; receptacle
naked ; calyx campanulate, nearly glabrous, with short lanceo-
late teeth, which spread at length in a stellate manner. % . ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas
Geraes. Stem more or less beset with rufous hairs. Leaves
2-4 inches long.
Angular-stemmeA Hyptis. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
85 H. sinua'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 103.)
herbaceous ; stem erect, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ample,
broad-ovate, acute, sinuately lobed, crenated, truncate at the
base, or subcordate, hispid above, and on the nerves beneath ;
peduncles nearly glabrous, about equal in length to the heads,
which are nearly globose, and densely many-flowered ; bracteas
lanceolate or oblong-linear, about twice as long as the heads ;
receptacle nearly naked ; calyx campanulate : teeth lanceolate-
subulate, at length spreading in a stellate manner. 1/ . ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and
Goyaz.
Sinuated-Xesivedi Hyptis. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
§ 6. Genui'n^ (so called on account of the species contained
in this section being supposed to be legitimate.) Benth. lab. p.
103. Heads of flowers at length globose. Bracteas lanceolate.
Calyx tubular, or campanulate, usually elongated after the time
of flowering : teeth subulate, glabrous.
86 H. lappa^cea (Benth. lab. p. 103.) herbaceous, erect;
branches glabrous, or clothed with adpressed pubescence ;
696
LABIATE. XV. HypTis.
leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, irregularly ser-
rated, narrowed at the base, a little wrinkled, pubescent on both
surfaces ; heads at length tjlobose, densely many-flowered, on
short peduncles, subcorymbose at the tops of the branches ;
bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, about equal in length to the
calyxes ; calyx campanulate : teeth lanceolate at the base, rigidly
and subulately awned. X • S- Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Entre Rios, Parker ; in humid pastures from San
Joze, in the province of Rio Grande to Santa Borja, in the mis-
sions of the Uruguay, &c. Stem acutely tetragonal. Leaves
l-.S inches long. Corolla white, hardly exceeding the calyx.
Nearly allied to //. radiala.
Burdock Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
87 H. INVOLUCRATA (Benth. lab. p. 103.) herbaceous, erect,
glabrous, or clothed with fine down ; leaves sessile, elliptic or
lanceolate, acute, serrated, cordate at the base ; peduncles
longer than the heads ; heads semiglobose, densely many-flow-
ered ; bracteas broad-lanceolate, acute, much e.sceeding the
head ; receptacle naked ; calyx campanulate, pubescent : teeth
subulate, equalling the tube in length. Il-I S. Native of
Mexico, at Saltepec, Karwinski. Nearly allied to H. capitata
and H. radlata.
Jnvolucraled-headed Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
88 H. lappula'cea (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 104.) her-
baceous, ascending, glabrous or pubescent ; leaves petiolate,
oblong-ovate, acute, serrated, cuneated at the base, or nar-
rowed ; pedureles longer than the heads; heads semiglobose,
densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate or linear, equal in
length to the head ; fructiferous calyx campanulate : teeth subu-
late, suff, longer than the tube. 1/. S. Native of Brazil, in
marshy parts of woods, in the provinces of St. Paul and Rio
Janeiro.
Lnppula-Uke Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
89 H. RAMosA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 104.)
erect, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, deeply serrated,
or irregularly and sinuately toothed, quite entire at the base,
cuneated or narrowed ; peduncles longer than the heads, which
are densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, obtuse,
exceeding the head ; calyx tubularly campanulate : teeth lan-
ceolate, subulate, stiff, shorter than the tube. 1/ . S. Native
of Brazil, at Fazenda Allegres, in the province of Minas
Geraes.
Branched Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
90 H. iNAMjt'NA (Benth. lab. p. 104.) herbaceous, erect, gla-
brous; leaves nearly sessile, broad-ovate, bluntish, crenated,
cuneately narrowed at the base ; heads few, on long peduncles,
globose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, obtuse,
equal in length to the heads ; receptacle naked ; calyx glabrous,
tubular: teeth lanceolate-subulate, shorter than the tube. %.
S. Native of Brazil, in fields at Rio Doce, Maximilian. — An
inelegant plant, with the habit of Verhcaina.
Inelegant Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
91 H. capita'ta (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 114.) herbaceous,
erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, deeply
serrated, quite entire at the base, and cuneated or narrowed,
glabrous on both surfaces, or hispid from a few pili ; peduncles
longer than the heads, which are globose and densely many-
flowered ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate or linear, shorter than the
fructiferous heads ; receptacle naked ; fructiferous calyx elon-
gated, tubular, truncate : teeth subulate, strict at length, shorter
than the tube. %. S. Native of America, and of Mexico,
West India Islands, &c. ; also in Manilla, ex Cham. Poit. ann.
mus. 7. p. 464. t. 27. f. 1. Clinopodium capitatum, Svvartz,
prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 88. Clinopodium rugosum, Lin. spec.
822. ex Jamaica. — Sideritis, &c., Sloan, hist. jam. 1. p. 174,
t. 109. f 2. Stem bluntly tetragonal. Corollas white, tinged
with red.
CapJtoVe-flowered Hyptis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1714. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
92 H. bre'vipes (Poit, ann. mus. 7. p. 465.) stem nearly
glabrous at the base, pubescent above ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
oblong or lanceolate, acute, irregularly serrated, narrowed at
the base, rather hispid above, nearly glabrous beneath, rarely on
both surfaces ; peduncles shorter, or hardly longer than the
heads, which are globose, and densely many-flowered ; bracteas
lanceolate-linear, acute, exceeding the head a little ; calyx pu-
bescent, truncate : teeth erect, subulate, strict, rather longer than
the tube. %. . S. Native of tropical America, from Mexico to
Rio Janeiro, Philippines, Manilla, Celebes, &c., in humid places
by the sides of rivers or rivulets. H. globifera, Meyer, esseq.
p. 207. ? H. acuta, Benth. in Linnaea, 6. p. 82. Stem tetrago-
nal ; angles hairy. Heads size of cherries. Corolla hardly
longer than the calyx, white,
I'ar. (3 ; plant more glabrous ; calycine teeth stiffer, and
more blunt. 1(.. S. Native of Demerara and Orinoco. H.
radiata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 318.
Short-pedunclcd Hyptis. Fl. June, Aug, Clt. 1820. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
93 H. Gaudichau'di (Benth. in Linnaea, 6. p. 77. lab. p.
106.) herbaceous, erectish, glabrous, or clothed with fine pubes-
cence : leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, irregularly serrate-cre-
nated, or a little cut, rounded or cuneated at the base, or the
upper ones are narrowed, rather hispid above, and nearly gla-
brous beneath ; peduncles rather shorter than the heads, which
are globose and densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate,
about equal in length to the head ; calyx rather membranous,
tubular : teeth linear, erect, much shorter than the tube. 1/ . ?
S. Native of Brazil, in grassy places at Rio Janeiro. Habit of
//. capitata, but smaller.
Gaudichaud's Hyptis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
94 H. lanceola'ta (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 114.) plant
nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lauceolate or linear,
narrowed at both ends, remotely serrated, quite entire at the
base ; peduncles shorter than the heads of flowers, which are
globose and densely many-flowered ; outer bracteas oblong-
lanceolate, bluntish, longer than the head ; fructiferous caly.x
smoothish, elongated, truncate : teeth subulate, strict, shorter
than the tube. Ij. . S. Native of Brazil, in Maranham.
Lanceolate-\ea\ed Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
95 H. LONGiFOLiA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 106.)
stem erect, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, irregularly toothed, narrowed at the base, glabrous
above, and rather villous beneath ; peduncles longer than the
heads, which are densely many-flowered ; bracteas linear, ex-
ceeding the heads; calyx tubularly campanulate: teeth subu-
late, longer than the tube. %.'? S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Goyaz, at Rio Trahiras, and on Serra San Felix.
Hardly distinct from H. lacustris.
Long-leaved Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
96 H. LANCEiEFOLiA (Schum. pi. guin. in acad. hafn. 4. p.
35.) stem herbaceous, pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ob-
long-lanceolate, acutish, coarsely serrated, narrowed at the
base, and quite entire ; peduncles shorter than the heads, which
are globose and densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate,
obtuse, about equal in length to the head ; calyx ovate, sub-
inflated : teeth lanceolate-subulate, stiff, erect. 11 . S. Native
of tropical Africa, in marshes about the Gambia. Stem pro-
cumbent at the base. Peduncles hispidly villous, Bracteas
pubescent. Probably the same as H. lacustris. Branches
bluntly tetragonal.
LABIATiE. XV. Hvriis.
697
Lance-leaved Hyptis. PI.
97 H. LAcu'sTius (St. Hil. mss. ex Bentli. lab. p. 107.) gla-
brous ; leaves petiolatc, oblong-lanceolate, or tlie lower ones
are ovate, acuminated, irregularly serrate-crenated, narrowed at
the base, glabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles longer than the
heads, wliich are globose and densely many-flowered ; bracteas
lanceolate, obtuse, about equal in lengtli to the head ; fructifer-
ous calyx membranous : teeth linear, shorter than the tube ;
upper tooth the broadest. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in water,
in the province of St. Paul ; and in humid places near Lake das
Conchas, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul. Habit of H.
lanceolata. This species approaches the section Plagiolis, in
the upper calycine teetli being the longest.
Lake Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
98 H. homalopiiy'lla (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
107.) branches clothed with rufous hairs; leaves on short
petioles, oblong, or ol)long-lanceolate, obtuse, cuneated or nar-
rowed at the base, crenated, wrinkled, villous ; heads on short
peduncles, semiglobose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas lan-
ceolate, equalling the calyx ; fructiferous calyx tomentose, elon-
gated, inflated at the base : teeth very short, lanceolate, acute.
%.t S. Native of Brazil, in elevated fields in the province of
Minas Geraes, &c. Allied to H. h'lrsuta. Corolla white, spotted
with purple.
Equal-leaved Wyptis. PI. 1 to Ig foot.
$ 7. Brachyodontes (from /Spa^vc, hrachys, short ; and
olovQ oiovTOc, odnus odontos, a tooth ; in allusion to the short
calycine teeth.) Benth. lab. p. 107. Heads semiglobose, and
at length hardly globose. Bracteas ovate or lanceolate. Calyx
camjmnulate, with short, ovate, obtuse teeth.
99 H. OBTusiFLORA (Presl, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 107.) suf-
fruticose ? ; branches clothed with adpressed pubescence ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, crenated, narrow-
ed at the base, hispid on both surfaces, or at length glabrous;
peduncles shorter than the heads, which are nearly globose and
densely many-flowered ; bracteas ovate, striated, equalling the
heads. H . S. Native of Peru, on Mount Huanuco, Heenke.
Hairs on the younger branches and lower surfaces of the leaves
rufescent. Corolla hardly exceeding the calyx.
Blunl-Jlowercd Hyptis. Siirub.
100 H. Parke'ri (Benth. lab. p. 108.) stem pubescent at
top ; leaves sessile, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-linear, acute,
coarsely serrated, narrowed at the base, nerved, nearly gla-
brous ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; heads globose,
densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, linear, obtuse,
rather longer than the head ; calyx glabrous. If .? S. Native
of Demerara. Peduncles pubescent. Leaves an inch long.
Fructiferous calyx elongated, inflated at the base.
Parker's Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
§ 8. Xylodontes (from l.v\of, xylon, wood ; and ocvvg o^oi'-
Toc, odous odontos a tooth ; in allusion to the teeth of the calyx
being hard, and rather spiny.) Benth. lab. p. 108. Heads of
Jloivers semiglobose. Bracteas lanceolate or linear, subulate or
very acute at apex. Calyx campanulate : teeth lanceolate at the
base, subulate, stiff, glabrous, usually somervhat s-pinose.
101 H. radia'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 84.) glabrous, herba-
ceous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, crenated,
cuneated at the base, or narrowed ; heads globose, densely
many-flowered, pedunculate; bracteas oblong-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, longer than the head ; teeth of calyx rather spinose. If. ?
S. Native of the southern parts of North America, as of
Carolina, Louisiana, and Mexico, at the Hacienda de La La-
VOL. IV.
guna. Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 466. t. 27. f. 2. Clinopodium
rugosum, Lin. spec. 822. — Dill. Iiort. elth. 1. p. 88. t. 75.
fig. 80. Stem acutely tetragonal. Leaves 1-3 inclies long.
Allied to H. angustifblia and H. capitata. Corolla pale
purple. ?
Rayed Hyptis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1G90. PI. 4 to 5
feet.
102 H. RUBiGiNOSA (Benth. lab. p. 108.) sufFruticose ;
branches divaricate, clothed with rubiginose tomentum ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate-oblong, very blimt, serrately crenated,
cuneated at the base ; heads semiglobose, densely many-flower-
ed, on short peduncles ; outer bracteas broad-ovate, rather ex-
ceeding the head ; calyx villous, with stiff" teeth. I^ . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes,
&c., in fields. Leaves I5 inch long, pubescent above, and
tomentose beneath, and rusty like the whole plant. Corolla
white, spotted with purple.
Rusty Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 2| feet.
103 H. lute'scens (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 109.)
herbaceous, procumbent ?, clothed with rusty villi ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, obtuse, serrately crenated, cuneated at the
base, rather scabrous above, and clothed with rufous pubescence
beneath ; heads semiglobose, densely many-flowered, on short
peduncles ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, rather exceeding the
head ; calyx nearly glabrous, with stiff teeth, which are equal
in length to the tube. If . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vinces of Goyaz, Minas Geraes, and Bahia. Very nearly allied
to H, rubiginosa.
Var. /j, hirsuta (Benth. lab. p. 712.) heads numerous, axil-
lary, on short peduncles. 1/ . ? S. Native of Rio Grande.
Yellowish Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
104 H. affi'nis (Benth. lab. p. 109.) erect,? clothed with
rufous tomentum ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, bluntish, nar-
rowed at the base, wrinkled ; heads semiglobose, densely many-
flowered : superior ones panicled ; peduncles rather shorter
than the heads; bracteas ovate, acute, about equal in length to
the heads ; calyx villous, with stiff" teeth, which are glabrous at
top. '2f..?S. Native of Peru. Ruiz, et Pav. and Tafalla.
Allied to H. rubiginosa.
Allied Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
105 H. ferruginosa (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
109.) plant ascending, clothed with dense rubiginose tomentum;
leaves on short petioles, roundish, very blunt, crenated, truncate
at the base or cordate, very thick, wrinkled, hispid above and
tomentose beneath ; heads semiglobose, densely many-flowered :
lower ones pedunculate : upper ones nearly sessile ; outer brac-
teas ovate, acute, shorter than the calyxes ; calyx villous, with
stiff" erectish teeth. If . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Goyaz, at Rio Pillocas. Allied to H. rubiginosa.
Ferruginous Hyptis. PI.
106 H. Lu'ciDA (Pohl, icon. ined. ox Benth. lab. p. 109.)
shrubby, glabrous ; leaves nearly sessile, oval, acutish, scarcely
toothed, cuneately rounded at the base, coriaceous, stiff", shining
above and veiny beneath : floral ones equal in length to the
head ; heads ovoid, at length semiglobose, densely many-flow-
ered ; bracteas lanceolate, stiff", equalling the heads ; calyx vil-
lous, with stiff", nearly glabrous teeth. 1; . S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Goyaz, at Serra Chrystais.
Shining Hyptis. Shrub.
107 H. proteoi'des (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 110.)
shrubby ? erect, stiflf; branches clothed with short rufous to-
mentum ; leaves on very short petioles, broad-ovate, obtuse,
crenated, roundly subcordate at the base, coriaceous, stiff,
shining above, pubescent on the veins beneath ; heads few, sub-
corymbose, pedunculnte, semiglobose, densely many-flowered ;
bracteas lanceolate, and are, as" well as the calycine teeth, stiff
4 U
698
LABIATE. XV. Hyptis.
and glabrous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves 1 to 1|
inches long. Corolla very villous outside.
Protea-Uke Hyptis. Shrub.
108 H. corda'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 110.)
herbaceous, clothed with rufous villi ; leaves nearly sessile,
ovate-roundish, very blunt, crenated, roundly subcordate at the
base, wrinkled, scabrously hispid above, and clothed with rufous
villi on the nerves beneath ; heads pedunculate, semiglobose,
densely many-flowered; bracteas lanceolate, quite entire, equal-
ling the head ; calyx nearly glabrous, with erectish stiff teeth.
"iC.IS. Native of Brazil.
C'ojc/«<e-leaved Hyptis. PI.
109 H. REMOTA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 110.)
herbaceous, tall, clothed with short rufous villi ; leaves on
short petioles, broad-ovate, very blunt, crenated, roundly cune-
ated at the base, wrinkled, scabrous above, and clothed with
rufous villi at the nerves beneath ; heads pedunculate, semiglo-
bose, densely many-flowered, somewhat proliferous ; bracteas
ovate, quite entire, acute, equalling the head ; calyx villous at
the base, with erectish, stiff, glabrous teeth. 1/ . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on Serra Santa Isabel,
at Paracatu. Perhaps only a variety of H. cordata.
Remote Hyptis. PI.
110 H. viLLOSA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 110.)
herbaceous ? densely clothed with rufous villi ; leaves sessile,
roundish, very blunt, crenated, roundedly cordate at the base,
very thick, wrinkled, scabrously hispid above, but clothed with
rufous villi beneath ; heads semiglobose, densely many-flower-
ed, pedunculate ; outer bracteas broad-ovate, foliaceous, tooth-
ed, exceeding the calyx ; calyx villous, with stiff, nearly gla-
brous teeth, i;.? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Goyaz.
Var. /3, reticulata (Pohl, 1. c.) stem more humble, the leaves
more reticulately wrinkled, and the heads larger. 1/ . ? S.
Native of the province of Minas Geraes, at Padrocino,
Villous Hyptis. PI. 2 feet.
111 H. orbicula'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
111.) herbaceous, clothed with rufous villi; leaves sessile,
rounded, very blunt, roundly cordate at the base, wrinkled, sca-
brously hispid above, and pubescent beneath ; heads sessile,
nearly globose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas ovate-lanceo-
late, quite entire, equalling the head ; calyx nearly glabrous,
with stiff erect teeth. !(..? S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, on the summits of the mountains called
Chapada do Serra San Marcos.
Orbicular -\ea.veA Hyptis. PI.
112 H. nigre'scens (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 111.)
herbaceous, procumbent 1 blackish, pubescent ; leaves sessile,
ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, scabrous on both
surfaces, lacunosely wrinkled beneath, and pubescent on the
nerves ; heads few, on very short peduncles, semiglobose,
densely many-flowered ; outer bracteas ovate, obtuse, wrinkled,
shorter than the head : inner ones lanceolate, obtuse, lono-er
than the head; calyx villous, with stiff teeth. !(;. S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, between Rio Corumba and
Rio San Marcos.
Blackish Hyptis. PI. procumbent. ?
113 H. complica'ta (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 111.)
shrubby ; branches clothed with long silky pili ; leaves nume-
rous, sessile, broad-roundish, obtuse, a little crenated, cordately
stem-clasping at the base, complicate, stiff, rather scabrous
above, and lacunosely veined beneath ; heads few, nearly ses-
sile, semiglobose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate,
acute, equalling the head ; calyx pilose at the base, with stiff
teeth, which are at length somewhat recurvedly spreading. Jj .
S, Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in
fields near Sahara. Habit of//, rotundifblia, but very different
in the form of the leaves, Src.
Ctimplicute-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
114 H. ROTUNDiFoLiA (Beuth. lab. p. 111.) stem shrubby,
clothed with villous tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate-round-
ish, crenated, rounded at the base, much wrinkled, stiff, sca-
brous, rather villous on both surfaces ; heads semiglobose,
densely many-flowered, pedunculate : upper ones fastigiate ;
bracteas linear, longer than the calyxes ; calyx very villous at the
base, with stiff teeth, which are at length somewhat recurvedly
spreading. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of
Goyaz and Minas Geraes, &c. Shrub much branched, densely
leafy. Leaves generally 3-4 in a whorl. Corolla hardly longer
than the calyx.
Round-leaved Hyptis. Shrub 1 to 2^ feet.
115 H. MONTi'coLA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 111.) shrub-
by ; branches clothed with rubiginose villi ; leaves small, petio-
late, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cuneated at the base, coriaceous,
rather scabrous above, and reticidated and clothed with rufous
pubescence beneath ; peduncles about equal in length to the
leaves, stiff; heads semiglobose, densely many-flowered ; brac-
teas lanceolate, stiff, equalling the head ; calyx tubular, villous
at the base, with short stiff teeth, h . S. Native of Brazil, in
the provinces of Rio Janeiro, Minas Geraes, and Goyaz, in
sandy places. Shrub much branched. Corolla pale red, downy.
Calycine teeth at length somewhat recurved.
Mountain Hyptis. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
116 H. trice'piiala (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 112.)
suffruticose ; branches twiggy, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
elliptic, obtuse, crenated, cuneately-rounded at the base, coria-
ceous, scabrous above, and clothed with rufous pubescence be-
neath ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves ; heads semiglo-
bose, densely many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, stiff, equal-
ling the head ; calyx tubular, villous, with stiff glabrous teeth.
Tj . S. Native of Brazil, on Serra da Caraca, in the province
of Minas Geraes. Allied to H. monlicola ; but the stems are
elongated and less branched ; the leaves larger and longer, and
the calycine teeth shorter.
Three-headed Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
117 H. confe'rta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 112.)
erect, tall, clothed with rubiginose tomentum ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-elliptic, obtuse, crenated, cuneated at the base, wrinkled,
scabrous above, but clothed with rubiginose tomentum beneath ;
heads pedunculate, large, semiglobose, densely many-flowered ;
bracteas ovate, quite entire, foliaceous, villous, exceeding the
head ; calyx villous, with stiff, rather spreading teeth. fj . ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Corolla very villous, white, tipped
with rose-colour.
CVojiifZcrf-flowered Hyptis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
lis H. aluta'cea (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 112.)
herbaceous, erect or ascending, humble, villous ; leaves nearly
sessile, oval, obtuse, crenated, cuneated at the base, wrinkled,
scabrously hispid above, villous beneath ; heads on long pedun-
cles, large, hemispherical, densely many-flowered ; bracteas
exceeding the head, lanceolate : outer ones broader, villous ;
calyx villous, with stiff erect teeth. %.1 S. Native of Brazil,
in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Habit of Pelto-
don huiniUs. Leaves 2 inches long. Corolla pale red.
Tanned Hyptis. PL g foot.
119 H. verrugi'nea (Benth. lab. p. 113.) erect, clothed
with rufous tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, serrate-
crenated, cuneated at the base, wrinkled ; heads globose, densely
many-flowered, rather panicled ; peduncles longer than the
heads ; bracteas ovate, acute, equalling the heads ; calycine
teeth stiff. 1/ . ? S. Native of New Spain, Mo^ino et Sesse.
1
LABIATE. XV. Hyptis.
G99
Stem bluntly tetragonal. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Bracteas
densely villous.
Rusty Hyptis. PI.
120 H. xanthioce'phala (Mart. mss. ex Bentli. lab. p. 113.)
herbaceous, ? erect, or ascending, quite glabrous ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, serrated, roundly cuneated at the base,
coriaceous, quite glabrous on both surfaces, shining above ; pe-
duncles stifl', compressed, longer than the leaves ; heads semi-
globose, densely raany-flowcred ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, stiff,
outer ones cuneated, a little serrated ; calyx woolly at base,
with stiff, glabrous teeth. 1^.? S. Native of Brazil, in fields
in the province of Minas Geraes, in the Diamond district.
Heads size of those of H. conferta and H . fcrruginea ,
Yellow-headed Hyptis. PI.
121 H. ANOMALA (Benth. lab. p. 113.) branches clothed with
tomentose pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated,
rounded at the base, or cuneated, wrinkled, tomentose beneath ;
heads semi-globose, densely many-flowered, on short peduncles,
somewhat panicled at the tops of the branches ; bracteas ovate,
acute, about equal in length to the calyxes ; calycine teeth
stiffly and subulately awned. 1/ . ? S, Native of the South of
Brazil, Sello. Stems many feet high, bluntly tetragonal. Leaves
li inch long. Bracteas tomentose. Calyx villous. Genitals a
little exserted.
Anomalous Hyptis. PI. tall.
122 H. CiESPiT6sA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 113.)
stems numerous, erect, beset with rufous hairs ; leaves sessile,
ovate, bluntish, coarsely and unequally serrated, rounded at the
base, or narrowed, rather coriaceous, nerved, nearly glabrous ;
heads semi-globose, densely many-flowered, on long peduncles ;
bracteas lanceolate, exceeding the head ; calyx villous : teeth ovate
at the base, and stiffly and subulately awned at apex. %.'? S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, and in the South,
among bushes, and in fields. Stem nearly simple, tetragonal.
Leaves 1 inch long. Corolla pale red, rather shorter than the
calycine teeth.
Tufled Hyptis. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. XII. Polyde'smia (from ttoXuc, polys, many; and Scafii),
desme, a bundle ; in reference to the many heads of flowers.)
Benth. lab. p. 114. Heads of flowers nearly sessile, rarely on
long peduncles, numerous, disposed in paniculately branched
racemes, rarely in simple racemes, dense, sometimes many-
flowered and depressed, or irregularly sub-globose, and some-
times ovoid and few-flowered. Bracteas numerous, adpressed,
ovate, lanceolate, rarely linear. Fructiferous calyx sometimes
increased into a cylindrical tube, which is truncate at apex, with
setaceous, strict, rarely obsolete teeth, sometimes (in some of
the species with ovoid heads) tubularly canipanulate, with lance-
olate, acute teeth. Tube of corolla generally exserted. — Herbs
or undershrubs, usually many-flowered.
123 H. VESTiTA (Benth. lab. p. 114.) stem shrubby ;
branches clothed with floccose tomentum ; leaves petiolate,
roundish, obtuse, or hardly acuminated, erosely crenated, trun-
cately cordate at the base, very much wrinkled, villous on both
surfaces ; heads sessile ; whorls approximate, racemose ; ra-
cemes panicled ; bracteas ovate, or lanceolate, obtuse, equalling
the calyxes; fructiferous calyx tubularly inflated, glabrous, with a
truncate mouth, and obsolete teeth : throat naked inside. I^ . S.
Native of Brazil, in woods in the provinces of Minas Geraes
and St. Paul, &c. Shrub many feet high. Branches bluntly
tetragonal. Corolla blue, glabrous. Genitals exserted. In
Brazil the plant is called Ena de Santa Anna, Ervo do Pape,
and Berbena, where it is used as a vulnerary.
Clothed Hyptis. Shrub tall.
124 H. duplica'to-denta'ta (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth.
lab. p. 114.) shrubby ; branches rather tomentose; leaves peti-
olate, ovate, bluntish, erosely crenated, rounded or cuneated at
the base, scabrous above, and clothed with hoary tomentum
beneath ; heads sessile ; whorls approximate, fascicidately
racemose ; racemes panicled ; bracteas lanceolate, obtuse, thick,
tomentose, exceeding the calyxes a little ; fructiferous calyx
tubularly inflated, villous, with a truncate mouth, and short,
unequal, or obsolete teeth. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the
provinces of Minas Geraes and Goyaz, in open parts of woods.
Var. fi, virescens (Pohl, 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of Minas
Geraes, at Manuel Pareira.
Douhlij-toothcd-\ea.vc(\ Hyptis. Shrub.
125 H. ALTHyE/EFoLiA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
115.) shrubby ; branches clothed with floccose tomentum ;
leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, bluntish, erosely crenated, trun-
cately cordate at the base, wrinkled, tomentose on both sur-
faces ; heads sessile ; whorls approximate, fasciculately race-
mose ; racemes panicled ; bracteas lanceolate, thick, tomentose,
exceeding the calyxes ; fructiferous calyx tubularly inflated, gla-
brous, with an obsoletely or irregularly toothed mouth : throat
naked inside. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes, in humid places. Allied to the two preceding.
Althiva-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
126 H. BARBA*TA (Schrauck, in densk. bot. gesell. regensb.
2. p. 52. Benth. lab. p. 115.) stem shrubby ; branches to-
mentose ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, acuminated, deeply
toothed, truncate at the base, thick, wrinkled, clothed with soft
villi ; heads sessile ; whorls loose, approximate, somewhat ra-
cemose ; racemes panicled ; bracteas ovate, acute, equalling the
calyxes ; calyx tomentose, canipanulate, with a truncate mouth,
and strict, subulate teeth, which are equal in length to the tube.
Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Habit of ^. vestlta, but the tomen-
tum is softer, and lower surfaces of the leaves rather silky.
Bearded Hyptis. Shrub.
127 H. obvalla'ta (Sprang, ex Benth. lab. p. 115.) stem
shrubby ; branches tomentose ; leaves on short petioles, ovate,
acutish, erosely crenated, truncately cordate at the base, thick,
much wrinkled, tomentose on both surfaces ; heads sessile ;
whorls distinct, fasciculately racemose; racemes panicled;
bracteas numerous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2-3 times longer
than the calyxes; calyx villous, with a truncate mouth, and subu-
late, strict teeth, which are about equal in length to the tube.
T; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, and in the
South. Allied to H. vestlta and H. barhata. Corolla pubescent.
Environed Hyptis. Shrub.
128 H. cARPiNiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 115.) stem shrubby;
branches clothed with rufous villi ; leaves sessile, ovate-round-
ish, obtuse, or acuminated, toothed, cordate at the base, cori-
aceous, nearly glabrous above, rugosely veined beneath, tomen-
tose, at length glabrous ; heads sessile ; whorls approximate,
distinct, fasciculately racemose ; racemes panicled ; bracteas
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, exceeding the calyxes ; fructiferous
calyx tubular, glabrous, with a truncate, ciliated mouth, and
subulate, strict teeth, which are about equal in length to the
tube. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz,
Minas Geraes, &c. ; and of Peru, in dry fields and hills. Co-
rolla blue, downy outside. Branches bluntly tetragonal. Odour
very aromatic.
Hornbeam-leaved Hyptis. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
129 H. aqua'tica (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 116.)
shrubby ; branches beset with spreading hairs ; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-oblong, bluntish, toothed, cordate at the base,
coriaceous, nearly glabrous above, rugosely veined beneath, and
tomentose, but at length glabrous ; heads sessile ; whorls ap-
proximate, distinct, fasciculately racemose ; racemes somewhat
panicled ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, subulately acuminated, ex-
4 u 2
700
LABIATiE. XV. Hyptis
ceeding the calyxes ; fructiferous calyx tubular, with a truncate
ciliated mouth, and subulate, unequal, strict teeth. >j . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at Rio da
Prata. Nearly allied to the preceding.
Water Hyptis. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. ?
130 H. a'kida (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 116.) branches
erect, twiggy, beset with spreading pili ; leaves sessile, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, serrated, roundedly cordate at the base, gla-
brous, scabrous above ; floral leaves broad-heart shaped ; heads
sessile ; whorls equal, interruptedly racemose ; racemes simple,
or a little panicled ; bracteas ovate, bluntish, coloured, about
equal in height to the calyxes ; calyx tubular, with linear, unequal
teeth, which are shorter than the tube. fj . S. Native of
Brazil, in dried up marshes in the southern deserts of the
province of Minas Geraes. Corollas pale purple.
Arid Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
131 H. viola'cea (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 116.)
branches erect, twiggy, villous at apex, at length glabrous;
leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate, acute, doubly
serrated, rounded at the base : or the lower ones are cordate,
very scabrous on both surfaces, green, coriaceous ; heads nearly
sessile ; whorls secund, interruptedly racemose ; racemes short,
simjile, or a little panicled ; bracteas ovate, acutish, mem-
branous, coloured, exceeding the calyxes a little ; calyx tubular,
nearly glabrous, with subulate teeth. fj . ? S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, at Trahiras.
Fi'o/aceoi/i-flowered Hyptis. Shrub.
132 H. glomeka'ta (Mart, ex Schranck, in syll. pi. bot.
ratisb. 2. p. 55.) branches clothed with fine pubescence ; leaves
on short petioles, or sessile, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, acutish,
serrated, rounded at the base, pubescent on both surfaces ;
heads nearly sessile, ovoid-globose, few-flowered ; whorls in-
terruptedly racemose ; raceme elongated, a little panicled ;
bracteas ovate, acute, twice as long as the calyxes ; calyx tubu-
lar, nearly glabrous, with lanceolate, acute teeth, which are about
3 times shorter than the tube. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in
the provinces of Minas Geraes, and Goyaz, and the South, in
humid places. Stem herbaceous, ? bluntly tetragonal, usually
purplish. Corolla hardly exceeding the calyx, pubescent out-
side.
G/omera^e-flowered Hyptis. PI. ?
133 H. pauciflora (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 117.)
herbaceous, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, bluntish, ser-
rated, rounded at the base, or cordate, clothed with soft hairs
above, and nearly glabrous beneath, and somewhat canescent ;
heads ovate-globose, few- flowered, pedunculate, racemose ; ra-
ceme elongated, loose ; bracteas broad-ovate, membranous, a
little coloured, longer than the calyxes ; calyx tubular, mem-
branous, nearly glabrous, with lanceolate, acute teeth, which are
shorter than the tube. %. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Goyaz. Leaves like those of H. ])cctmata, and the
heads like those oi H. glomcrata, but smaller, few-flowered, and
pedunculate.
Few-florvered Hyptis. PI.
134 H. FOLiosA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 117.) shrub-
by ; ? branches ascending, clothed with rufous villi ; leaves on
short petioles, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the
base, or cordate, green on both surfaces, and clothed with viscid
pubescence, or villous ; racemes sub-secund, leafy, somewhat
panicled ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, exceeding the calyxes ;
calyx tubular, with lanceolate, erect, acute teeth. Ij . ? S.
Native of Brazil. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Leafy Hyptis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
135 H. petr;e'a (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 117.) shrub-
by ; branches erect, tomentose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse.
crenated, cuneated at the base, wrinkled, clothed with soft,
rufous tomentum on both surfaces ; heads ovoid, few-flowered,
on short peduncles, crowded into a short, dense raceme ; brac-
teas ovate-lanceolate, acute, coloured, exceeding the calyxes ;
calyx tubular, nearly glabrous, with lanceolate, acute, erect
teeth. tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, in the western desert, among rocks near Taioba. Shrub
slender, naked at the base. Bracteas and calyxes reddish,
glandular. Racemes sub-secund.
Rock Hyptis. Shrub.
136 H. subrotu'nda (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
118.) shrubby ; branches erect, twiggy, clothed with fine pubes-
cence ; leaves small, sessile, oval-rounded, obtuse, crenated,
broadly rounded at the base, obtuse, stiff, coriaceous, veiny,
green on both surfaces, rather scabrous : floral ones similar ;
heads ovoid, few-flowered, racemose ; racemes nearly simple ;
bracteas coloured, lanceolate, acutish, ciliated, exceeding the
calyxes ; fructiferous calyx tubular, with a truncate, ciliated,
hardly toothed mouth. Pj . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Goyaz, at Pontefeite.
Roundish-Xea'^eA Hyptis. Shrub.
137 H. LYTHR01DES (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 118.)
shrubby; branches erect, twiggy, pubescent ; leaves small, ses-
sile, oval, obtuse, rounded at the base, rather scabrous on both
surfaces, and clothed with rufous pubescence ; heads ovoid,
few-flowered, racemose ; raceme elongated, simple ; bracteas
lanceolate, acute, coloured, pubescent, longer than the calyx ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, with a truncate mouth, and subu-
late teeth, 1 which are about equal in length to the tube. Tj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, at Fazenda Agua
Fria. Differs from //. subrotunda in the calyx.
Lythnim-like Hyptis. Shrub.
138 H. parvif6lia (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 118.)
shrubby ; branches erect, twiggy, finely pubescent ; leaves
small, petiolate, oval, toothed at top, narrowed at the base,
quite entire, stiff, coriaceous, veiny, green on both surfaces,
rather scabrous : floral ones similar ; heads ovoid, few-flowered,
racemose ; raceme nearly simple ; bracteas lanceolate-linear,
coloured, clothed with adpressed villi, longer than the calyxes;
fructiferous calyx tubular, with a truncate, ciliated, hardly
toothed mouth. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Goyaz. Nearly allied to H. subrotunda.
Small-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
139 H. rubicu'nda (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 118.)
branches nearly glabrous, with scabrous angles ; leaves peti-
olate, broad-ovate, shortly acuminated, doubly serrated, cune-
ately rounded at the base, scabrous above, and tomentose
beneath, and more particularly on the nerves ; heads ovoid,
few-flowered, on short peduncles, paniculately racemose ; brac-
teas lanceolate, coloured, twice as long as the calyxes; calyx
tubular, with a truncate mouth, and setaceous, strict teeth,
which are about equal in length to the tube. Ij . S. Native of
Brazil, in several places of the province of Minas Geraes--.
The whole plant generally purplish. Leaves 1| to 2 inches
long.
Reddish Hyptis. PI. 1| to 2l feet.
140 H. murica'ta (Schott, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 119.) her-
baceous ; ? stem nearly glabrous, with scabrous angles ; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, acuminated, doubly serrated, cuneately
rounded at the base, rather scabrous above, and nearly glabrous
beneath ; heads depressed, nearly globose, few-flowered, almost
sessile ; whorls secund : upper ones approximate : lower ones
remote ; bracteas broad-ovate, acute, villous, exceeding the
calyxes ; fructiferous calyx tubular, pubescent, with a truncate
mouth, and strict, setaceous teeth, which are shorter than the
LABIATE. XV. HvpTis.
701
tube. !(.? S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro, and at Rio
Abaite, in the province of Minas Geraes. Plant many feet
high. Bracteas often coloured.
Murkated Hyptis. PI. tall.
141 H. iNODORA (Schranck, in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 5G.
Benth. lab. p. 119.) herbaceous ; stem erect, glabrous, or bifa-
riously pubescent, with smooth angles ; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate, acutisb, unequally serrated, broadly cuneated, or rounded
at the base, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, pale beneath ;
heads depressed, nearly globose, few-flowered, almost sessile ;
whorls rather secund : upper ones approximate : lower ones
remote ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, pubescent, equalling the
calyx ; fructiferous calyx tubular, pubescent, with a truncate
mouth, and setaceous, strict teeth, which are much shorter than
the tube. %. S. Native of Brazil, in humid places. Plant
many feet high, pale green. Heads 6-10-flowered. Corollas
white. Allied to H. tnuricala, and probably only a variety
of it.
Scentless Hyptis. PI. tall.
142 H. sylvula'rum (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 119.)
branches clothed with tomentose pubescence ; leaves petiolate,
broad-ovate, acute, doubly serrated, or cut, rounded at the
base, green on both surfaces, wrinkled, villous, or clothed with
tomentose pubescence ; heads ovoid, few-flowered, nearly ses-
sile, racemose ; racemes panicled ; bracteas ovate, or lanceolate,
villous, exceeding the calyxes a little ; calyx tubular, pubescent,
with a truncate mouth, and setaceous, strict teeth, which are
shorter than the tube. %.. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, in cut down woods. Allied to H.
canescens, but greener. Bracteas green, or coloured at top.
Small-wood Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
143 H. polysta'chya (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
321.) branches pilosely pubescent, with rough angles; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acute, doubly serrated, or cut, rounded at the
base, rather pubescent above, and clothed with hoary tomentum
beneath ; hcids ovoid, few-flowered, nearly sessile, secund ;
whorls racemose ; racemes loosely panicled ; bracteas ovate,
acute, exceeding the floriferous calyxes, but shorter than the
fructiferous calyxes ; calyx pubescent, with setaceous, strict teeth,
which are shorter than the tube. % . S. Native of Mexico,
Trinidad, &c. Branches tetragonal. Corolla twice as long as
the calyx.
yar. ft, longiflbra (Benth. lab. p. 120.) calyxes at length
twice as long as the bracteas. 7/ . S.
Many-spiked Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
144 H. cane'scens (H. B. et Kuntii, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
321.) branches clothed with tomentose pubescence; leaves pe-
tiolate, rhomboid-ovate, acute, doubly serrated, or cut, rounded
at the base, narrowed into the petioles, clothed with hoary
tomentnm beneath, or on both surfaces; heads ovoid, few-flow-
ered, nearly sessile, ratiier secund, racemose ; racemes panicled ;
bracteas ovate, acute, equalling the floriferous calyxes, but
shorter than the fructiferous calyxes ; calyx villous, elongated
after florescence, with a truncate mouth, and strict, setaceous
teeth, which are much shorter than the tube. 11.? S. Native
of New Spain, and Caraccas. Teiicrium rhombifolium, Willd.
Nearly allied to H, pulysldchya. Angles of stem hardly rough.
Corolla glabrous.
Var. ft, arvensls (Benth. lab. p. 712.) leaves hardly canes-
cent, 'y . ? S. Native of Peru, at Pariahuanca, Mathews. H.
arvensis, Poppig, pi. chil. exsic.
Canescent Hyptis. PI. Ig foot.
145 H. micra'ntha (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 120.)
branches clothed with short pubescence, with smooth angles ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, irregularly serrate-crenated, rounded
and rather unequal at the base, pubescent above, pale, or clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; heads small, few-flowered, r.i-
cemose ; peduncles equalling tlie heads ; racemes strict, elon-
gated, panicled ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, some-
what exceeding the calyxes ; calyx pubescent, with a truncate
mouth, and strict, setaceous teeth, which are rather shorter than
the tube. 2/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz,
at Villa Boa. Allied to H. polysluchya, but more green, and
less tomentose, and the heads much smaller.
Small-Jlomered Hyptis. PI.
146 H. spic.\'ta (Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 474. t. 28. f. 2.)
branches nearly glabrous, with scabrous, prickly edges ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acute, unequally serrate-crenated, roundedly
cuneated at the base, nearly glabrous on both surfaces, or pubes-
cent above ; heads semi-ovoid, loosely racemose ; peduncles
equal in length to the fructiferous heads ; racemes p.inicled ;
bracteas ovate, rather membranous, one-half shorter than the
fructiferous calyx ; calyx glabrous, elongated in the fructiferous
state, inflated at the base, with a truncate mouth, and strict,
setaceous teeth, which are shorter than the tube. $ . S. Na-
tive of Tropical America, on the east coast, from Mexico to the
provinces of Minas Geraes, and Cisplatin in Brazil ; also of
St. Domingo, Martinica, Mariane Island, &c. Nepeta nnita-
bilis. Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Corollas small, violaceous.
Spicale-AovmxeHL Hyptis. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1820. PI.
4 to 6 feet.
147 H. rostraVa (Salzm. pi. bras. exs. ex Benth. lab. p.
121.) branches glabrous, with rough, prickly angles ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acute, unequally serrate-crenated, roundly cu-
neated at the base, glabrous ; heads globose at the base, loosely
racemose ; peduncles rather shorter than the fructiferous heads ;
bracteas ovate, membranous, glabrous, 3-4 times shorter than
the fructiferous calyxes : fructiferous calyx glabrous, inflated at
the base, long-beaked, with a truncate moiuh, and short, seta-
ceous, strict teeth. $ . S. Native of Brazil, in shady places
near Bahia. Stems branched. Whorls distant, secund.
Beaked-ca\yx.eA Hyptis. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
14S H. TENUiFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 121.) branches bifariously
pubescent, with smooth angles ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute,
unequally serrated, roundly cuneated at the base, glabrous ;
heads ovoid, few-flowered, loosely racemose ; peduncles twice as
long as the fructiferous heads ; racemes panicled : bracteas
ovate,membranous, one-half shorter than the fructiferous calyxes ;
fructiferous calyx glabrous, elongated, inflated at the base, with
a truncate mouth, and strict, setaceous teeth, which are much
shorter than the tube. ^ . ? S. Native of Brazil, Leandro di
Sacramento. Allied to //. spicata.
Thin-flowered Hyptis. PI. 3 to 4 feet. ?
149 H. expa'nsa (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 122.)
nearly glabrous ; angles of branches roughish ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acuminated, unequally serrated, cuneated at the base,
rather hispid above and on the nerves beneath ; heads ovoid,
few- flowered, loosely racemose ; peduncles shorter than the
fructiferous heads ; racemes divaricately panicled ; bracteas
ovate, acute, membranous, ciliated ; fructiferous calyxes nearly
glabrous, scarcely longer than the bracteas, with a truncate
mouth, and strict, setaceous teeth, which are one-half shorter
than the tube. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil. Allied to //. spicala,
but differs in the shorter calyxes, and longer teeth, &c.
Expanded Hyptis. PI. ?
150 H. DUBiA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 122.) pu-
bescent ; angles of branches smooth ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, acute, doubly crenated, cuneated at the base, scabrously
hispid above, and pubescent on the veins beneath, wrinkled ;
heads ovoid, few-flowered, racemose ; peduncles very short ;
racemes a little branched ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated,
702
LABIATE. XV. HvPTis.
longer than the fructiferous calyxes, pubescent, ciliated; calyeine
teeih setaceous, strict, one-half longer than the tube. 7^. ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at Rio
Abaite. Allied to H. exjj^iisa, but is less branched, and more
villous, and the bracteas are narrower and longer.
Doubtful Hyptis. PI. ?
Sect. XIII. Mesoph.e'ria (from ficaoQ, inesos, the middle ;
and trfaipa, sphaira, a globe ; in reference to the heads of flow-
ers being semi-globose.) Benth. lab. p. 122. Heads rather
loose, few-flowered. Bracteas sometimes minute, or scarcely
any, sometimes subulate, about equal in length to the calyxes.
Calyxes nearly sessile in the heads, obliquely campanulate in
the fructiferous state, with a truncate mouth, and subulate,
strict teeth ; the throat closed inside by hairs, or more or less
ciliated, with 5 fascicles of hairs, which are disposed between
the teeth. Tube of corolla inclosed, or a little exserted. —
Herbs, rarely shrubs, for the most part pilose. Heads pedun-
culate : lower ones rarely all from the axils of the leaves : cau-
line ones conforming, solitary, or in fascicles : the superior ones
usually disposed into a loose panicle.
151 H. PLECTRANTHOiDEs (Benth. lab. p. 122.) stem her-
baceous, erect, clothed with long hairs, with smooth angles ;
leaves on very short petioles, broad-ovate, or roundish, obtuse,
crenately serrated, rounded at the base, or subcordate, pilose ;
heads few-flowered, loosely racemose, pedunculate ; racemes
loose, panicled ; bracteas lanceolate, acute, shorter than the
calyxes, villous : teeth equalling the tube. 1/ . ? S. Native of
the South of Brazil, Sello. Stem generally purplish. Leaves
an inch long. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Stamens
exserted.
Phctranthus-lilte Hyptis. PL
152 H. pu'mila (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 122.)
herbaceous, humble, erect ; stem beset with spreading pili ;
leaves on very short petioles, broad-ovate, roundish, serrately
crenated, rounded, or subcordate at the base, green, pilose ;
heads loosely few-flowered, pedunculate, racemose ; bracteas
loose, subulate, shorter than the calyxes ; fructiferous calyx ses-
sile : throat villous inside. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Goya?, on Serra de Chrystais. Very nearly allied
to H. communis, but smaller, and more pilose, and the leaves
are broader.
Dwarf Hyptis. PI. ^ foot.
153 H. commu'nis (St. Hil. inss. ex Benth. lab. p. 123.)
herbaceous, humble, glabrous, or more or less villous ; leaves
on short petioles, rounded, ovate, or oblong, crenated, cuneated,
or narrowed at the base ; heads loosely few-flowered, peduncu-
late, racemose ; bracteas loosely subulate ; calyxes sessile, vil-
lous : throat woolly inside. % . S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Minas Geraes, in elevated fields, and among rub-
bish on the mountains. H. flabellkta, Pohl, icon. ined. Stems
often rooting at the base. Corolla blue, nearly glabrous out-
side.
Common Hyptis. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
154 H. FRuTicosA (Salzm. pi. bras, exsic. ex Benth. lab. p.
123.) branches divaricate, tomentose while young ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cuneated at the base,
much wrinkled, pale beneath ; peduncles solitary, axillary,
longer than the leaves ; heads loosely few-flowered, nearly
globose ; bracteas loose, subulate ; fructiferous calyx rather
gibbous above the base, with an oblique, villous mouth, and
spreading teeth, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of
Bahia, Minas Geraes, in fields and woods. Corolla blue, scarcely
pubescent, equalling the calyeine teeth. Genitals inclosed.
Shrubby Hyptis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
155 H. MELissoiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
320.) suffruticose ; branches clothed with rufous villi; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, acute, serrately crenated, rounded at the
base, villous above, and densely clothed with hoary tomentum
beneath ; peduncles very short, axillary, usually twin ; heads
many-flowered, rather loose, secund ; bracteas minute, seta-
ceous ; calyx pubescent, ovate, strict in the ripe state : throat
villous inside : teeth short, setaceous, villous. Ii . S. Native
of Tropical America, in bushy places in New Granada, on the
banks of the river Juanambu. Shrub much branched, aro-
matic. Corolla white, downy.
Melissa-like Hyptis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
156 H. piLOSA (Benth. lab. p. 124.) branches rather pilose;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, serrulated, cordate at the base,
rather canescent ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves ;
heads 6-10-fiowered, nearly globose; bracteas minute, seta-
ceous ; fructiferous calyx much increased, ovate-tubular, equal,
truncate, very hairy : teeth shorter than the breadth of the
calyx. H . S. Native of Peru, Pavon. Leaves an inch
long.
Pilose Hyptis. Shrub.
157 H. suave'olens (Poit. ann. mus. par. 7. p. 472. t. 29. f.
2.) stem herbaceous, erect, pilose ; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate, sinuately serrated : lower ones cordate at the base : upper
ones rounded, or cuneated, pubescent, villous, or tomentose ;
peduncles rather shorter than the few-flowered heads, solitary,
or 2-3-together in the axils, racemose ; racemes panicled ;
bracteas minute, setaceous ; mouth of calyx truncate, villous.
0. S. Native of Tropical America, from Mexico to Rio
Janeiro, Peru ; also of several of the West India Islands ;
Philippines, Manilla, Moluccas, about Madras, Java, &c.
Ballota suav^olens, Lin. spec. 815. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 24.
t. 42. Bystropogon suav^olens, Lher. sert. angl. 19. Hyptis
Plumieri, Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 473. H. ebracteata, R. Br. in
Ait. hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 391. Bystropogon graveolens,
Blum, bijdr. p. 824.? — Plum. icon. t. 163. f. 1. — Browne, jam.
257. t. 18 f. 3.— Sloan, hist. 1. p. 171. t. 102. f. 2. Herb
annual, branched. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Corollas blue.
Sweel-scented Hyptis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to
6 feet.
158 H. grave'olens (Salzm. pi. bras, exsic. ex Benth, lab.
p. 125.) stem herbaceous, erect, rather pilose, with smooth
angles ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, sinuately serrated, cordate
at the base, wrinkled, clothed with clammy pubescence on both
surfaces ; peduncles axillary, many times longer than the few-
flowered fascicles : superior ones irregularly panicled ; bracteas
minute. ©. S. Native of Brazil, on the sea-shore near
Bahia. Nearly allied to H. suaveolens. Odour heavy and
aromatic.
Heavy-scented Hyptis. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
159 H. UMBRosA (Salzm. pi. bras, exsic. ex Benth. lab. p.
125.) stem herbaceous, erect, villous, with scabrous angles, and
nearly naked axils ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, acute, irre-
gularly serrated, or deeply lobed, rounded at the base, rather
pilose above, pale and pubescent beneath, or at length glabrous ;
peduncles axillary, filiform, sub-fasciculate, much longer than
the loose, 3-10-flowered heads ; bracteas minute, setaceous ;
calyx pubescent: mouth villous. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in
woods near Bahia ; also very common in the provinces of Rio
Janeiro, Minas Geraes, Goyaz, and St. Paul, in shady places ;
and of Peru, at Huanuco and Tarma, ISIathews. H. graveolens,
Schranck, in syll. pi. ratisb. 2. p. 56. ? Nearly allied to H.
viscida, but the hairs are less clammy. Corollas bluish lilac.
Shaded Hyptis. PI.
160 H. polya'ntha (Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 470.) stem her-
baceous, erect, pubescently villous ; the axils very pilose ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acutish, irregularly crenate-serrated, rounded,
LABIATE. XV. HypTis.
703
or corilate at tlie base, scabrous from pili above, and clotlied
with wtiite tomentuni bencatli ; panicle ample ; peduncles fili-
form, much longer than the loosely 5-20-tlovvered heads ; brac-
teas minute, setaceous ; calyx pubescent, with a villous mouth.
©.? S. Native of Peru, near Quito, Loxa, and Gonzanama.
Bystropogon sidaefolium, Lher. sert. angl. 1 9. ? Herb sweet-
scented. Leaves 1 i to 2 inches long. Corollas minute, pubes-
cent, violaceous.
Manij-flowered Hyptis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 4
to 6 feet.
161 H. lila'cina (Scliiede, et Deppe, in Linnrea, 5. p. 101.)
clothed with soft pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, or el-
liptic, acute, doubly serrated, cuneated at the base, or narrowed,
pubescent above, canescently tomentose beneath ; heads loosely
few-flowered, axillary, opposite, peduncidate, small ; bracteas
loose, setaceous, scarcely shorter than the calyx ; calyx villous,
ovate, with spreading, subulately acuminated teeth. ©.? S.
Native of Mexico, about Jalapa, &c., among bushes. Nearly
allied to the preceding, but differs in the leaves and calyx, &c.
Corolla lilac, puberulous.
Z(7ac-flowered Hyptis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
162 H. URTicoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
330.) stem herbaceous, erect, downy, with rather rough angles;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, serrated, cuneated at the base,
rather hispid above, and pubescent beneath ; heads loosely few-
flowered, on long peduncles, disposed in secund, panicled ra-
cemes ; bracteas minute, setaceous; calyx pubescent, with a
villous mouth. 0.? S. Native of Mexico, at the foot of
Mount Macultipec, near Jalapa. Branches tetragonal. Corol-
las minute. An intermediate species between H. polyantha and
H. peclinata.
Nettle-like Hyptis. PI.
163 H. RAcEMULosA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 126.)
stem herbaceous, erect, clothed with rufous pubescence, with
smooth angles ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, doubly serrated,
rounded at the base, and running into the petioles, ratiier villous
above, and clothed with rufous tomentum beneath ; cymes capi-
tate, few-flowered, on very short peduncles, disposed in sub-
secund, axillary racemes ; bracteas minute, setaceous ; calyx
clothed with rufous tomentuin : mouth villous : teeth shorter
than the tube. 0. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of
Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro, in elevated pastures and woods.
Habit of H. polystcichya, but the bracteas and calyxes are very
distinct. Corolla pale violet, ex St. Hil., pale red, spotted with
purple, ex Mart.
Racemulose Hyptis. PI. 2 to ." feet.
164 H. LAMiiFOLiA (Weinm. in syll. pi. ratisb. 1. p. 226. ex
Benth. lab. p. 127.) stem branched, pilose, radicant ; leaves
cordate-ovate, acuminated, crenately toothed, scabrous from
pili, petiolate, whitish beneath ; heads axillary, pedunculate,
shorter than the internodes ; bracteas setaceous, equalling the
heads ; calyx short, tubular, with equal, acuminated teeth. % .
S. Native of Brazil. Stem acutely tetragonal. Leaves 1-2
inches long. Heads size of peas. Corolla small, white, spotted
with violet.
Dead-nettle-leaved Hyptis. PI. procumbent.
Sect. XIV. Pectina'ria (from pecten, a comb ; so called
from pectinate, unilateral cymes.) Benth. lab. p. 127. Cymes
at first almost capitate, but at length elongated, unilateral, and
pectinate. Bracteas loose, setaceous. Calyxes nearly sessile,
tubular in the fructiferous state, with strict, setaceous teeth,
and the throat closed by villi inside.
165 H. pectina"ia (Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 474. Benth. lab.
127.) glabrous, or downy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenately-
serrated, rounded at the base, pale beneath ; cymes many-flow-
ered, rather loose, paniculately racemose, at length elongated
and incurved; bracteas shorter than the calyxes? ; teeth of calyx
shorter than the tube. %, S. Native of Tropical America,
common in cretaceous, sandy places from Mexico to Rio J neiro ;
Peru ; most of the West India Islands ; Guinea ; Madagascar ;
East Indies, at Madras ; Arabia, at Sennaar, Bove. Mentha
perilloides, Lin. syst. ed. 13. p. 445, but not of others. Nepeta
peclinata, Lin. spec. 799. Bystropogon pectinatum, Lher. sert.
angl. p. 19. Nepeta aristata. Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p.
110. Brotera Persica, Spreng. in Lin. trans. C. p. 151. t. 4.
Hyptis Persica, Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 471. Ballota disticha,
Rodsch. obs. p. 35. Meyer, esseq. p. 209, but not of Lin.
Ballota suaveolens, Rodsch. bald. diar. fasc. 28. p. 79. ex
Meyer, 1. c. but not of Lin. Hyptis racemosa, Zucc. in act.
acad. taur. ? Bystropogon coarctatum, Thonn. et Schum. in
act. acad. hafn. 4. p. 34. Stem rather woody at the base.
Leaves variable in form and size. Corolla small, pale purple,
or yellow, spotted with purple.
Pectinate Hyptis. Fl. year. Clt. 1776. PI. 2 to 5 feet.
Sect. XV. Menthidium (so called from the habit of the
species being that of Mentha, or Mint.) Benth. lab. p. 128.
Flowers sessile, or on short pedicels, disposed usually in many-
flowered whorls. Bracteas minute, or hardly any, or loose and
setaceous. Calyx campanulate, equal ; throat naked inside.
Corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. — Herbs often panicled at
apex.
166 H. puLEGioiDEs (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 128.)
herbaceous, procumbent at the base ; branches ascending, clothed
with adpressed pubescence ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate,
acute, serrated, narrowed at the base, wrinkled, very villous :
floral ones conform, smaller ; whorls all distinct, and globose,
densely many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, sliorter than the
calyx ; calyx tubular, with a villous base, and lanceolate, subu-
late, erect, short teeth. If.. ? S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, at Fazenda do Pari. This species is
intermediate between the present section and sect. Apodotes.
Penny- Royal-like Hyptis. PI. ?
167 H. a'lbida (H. 15. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 319.)
shrubby, clothed with floccose wool ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate,
obtuse, or the upper ones are subulately acuminated, crenated,
roundly cuneated at the base, wrinkled ; whorls loose, globose,
distinct ; racemes sub-panicled ; bracteas short, setaceous ;
fructiferous calyx nearly globose, densely woolly : teeth very
soft, setaceous, about equal in length to the tube. ^ . S. Na-
tive of Mexico, at Lake Cusco, in the valley of St. Jago, and
near Valladolid. Corollas hardly longer than the calyx.
JVMlish Hyptis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1S24. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
,168 H. pube'scens (Benth. lab. p. 129.) suftruticose, clothed
with tomentose pubescence ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong,
acutish, serrated, rounded at the base, a little wrinkled, pale
beneath ; whorls small, globose, many-flowered, remote ; ra-
cemes panicled ; bracteas short, setaceous ; calyx villous : teeth
stiff, subulate, equalling the tube, at length spreading in a
stellate manner. fj . S. Native of New Spain. Branches
bluntly tetragonal. Corolla a little longer than the calycine
teeth.
Pubescent Hyptis. Shrub.
169 H. MociniaVa (Benth. lab. p. 129.) sufTruticose, pubes-
cent ; leaves on short petioles, cordate-ovate, doubly serrated,
wrinkled ; whorls globose, many-flowered, distinct, racemose ;
racemes panicled ; bracteas short, setaceous ; calyx villous :
teeth stifl', subulate, glabrous, twice as long as the tube, spreading
704
LABIAT.E. XV. Hyptis.
in a stellate manner. Jj . ? S. Native of New Spain, Mo9ino
et Sesse. Plant clotlied with nibiginose pubescence. Leaves
1 to 1^ inch long. Corolla shorter than the calycine teeth.
Mofino's Hyptis. Shrub.
170 H. spiNULosA (Benth. lab. p. 129.) suffiuticose, clothed
with fine pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovale, acuminated, ser-
rulately crenated, cordate at the base ; whorls globose, many-
flowered, distinct, racemose ; racemes panicled ; bracteas short,
setaceous ; calyx ovate, pubescent : teeth stifl', subulate, gla-
brous, shorter than the tube, spreading in a stellate manner.
Tj . S. Native of New Spain, Mofino et Sesse. Stem clothed
with rufous pubescence.
Spimilose-ca\yxed Hyptis. Shrub.
171 H. sTELLULA^TA (Benth. lab. p. 129.) herbaceous;
branches clothed with rusty villi ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, acute, serrately crenated, rounded at the base, wrinkled,
villous ; racemes panicled ; whorls densely globose ; bracteas
small, setaceous ; calyx ovate, villous, with subulate, stellately
spreading teeth. 0.? S. Native of Mexico, at Cuernavaca
and Toluco, Berlandier. Corolla pubescent, hardly longer than
the calyx.
»S'/flrn/-calyxcd Hyptis. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
172 H. scoPARiA (Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 475. t. 31. f. 2.)
shrubby ; branches glabrous, with prickly angles ; leaves on
short petioles, linear, obtuse, quite entire, or a little denticu-
lated, glabrous; whorls loose, remote, 2-10-flowered ; calyx
nearly glabrous, with ovate, erect, obtuse teeth. ^ . S. Na-
tive of Porto Rico and St. Dominica. Satureia Americana,
Poir. diet. 6. p. 571. Satureia Condae'a, Juss. ex Poir. I.e.
Corolla glabrous, hardly exceeding the calyx. Leaves minutely
glandular.
Broom Hyptis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub.
173 H. verticilla'ta (Jacq. icon. rar. 2. t. 113.) suffruti-
cose ; branches erect, pubescent or pilose ; leaves on short peti-
oles, lanceolate, acute, serrated, roundly narrowed at the base,
clothed witli fine pubescence ; whorls rather loose, many-flow-
ered, distinct, racemose ; calyx ovate, glabrous, with erect,
ovate-lanceolate teeth. f; . S. Native of Mexico, on way-
sides near Papantla ; and of St. Dominica. Stachys patens,
Swartz, nov. gen. et spec. p. 88. Angles of stem smooth.
Leaves 1-2 inches long. Corolla white, tinged with red, hardly
exceeding the calyx.
fVhorlcd-Howered Hyptis. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
174 H. fascicula'ta (Benth. lab. p. 130.) herbaceous, gla-
brous, or clothed with fine down ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute,
serrated, a little wrinkled, green on both surfaces ; racemes
elongated, panicled ; whorls loose, many-flowered ; bracteas
minute, setaceous ; fructiferous calyx inclosed, glabrous : teeth
ovate, acute, much shorter than the tube. !(:.? S. Native of
Brazil, near habitations, in humid places in the provinces of
Minas Geraes, Rio Janeiro, &'c. ; and of Buenos Ayres, at
Parano. Corollas minute, purplish.
Fascicled-tiowered Hyptis. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
175 H. fastigia'ta (Benth. lab. p. 130.) herbaceous, ascend-
ing ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, doubly serrated, rounded at
the base, green above and villous, biit clothed with hoary pubes-
cence beneath ; racemes fastigiately panicled ; whorls loose,
few-flowered ; bracteas minute, setaceous ; fructiferous calyx
increased, glabrous : teeth ovate, acute, much shorter than the
tube. ■){..? S. Native of Brazil, Sello. Nearly allied to the
preceding.
Fastigiate-Rowered Hyptis. PI. 1 to 3 feet. ?
176 H. eriocaYyx (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 131.)
herbaceous ; stem ascending, clothed with rufous tomentum ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, serrately crenated, wrinkled at the base.
villous above, and clothed with rufous tomentum beneath ; ra-
cemes elongated, panicled ; whorls loose, few-flowered ; brac-
teas minute, setaceous ; fructiferous calyx woolly, increased :
teeth ovate, acute, much longer than the tube. ©. S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at the rivulet called
Simeon Pareira. Habit of H. fasciculata, but the characters
are different.
/Foo//(/-calyxed Flyptis PI.
177 H. VEPRETORUM (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 131.)
shrubby ; leaves petiolate, small, ovate, obtuse, somewhat cre-
nated, rounded at the base, rather coriaceous, smootliish, shining
above, but pale and reticulated beneath ; whorls 2-6-flowered,
secund, axillary ; fructiferous calyx tubular, glabrous, with
short, ovate-lanceolate teeth. fj • S. Native of Brazil, in
desert fields between Minas Novas and Rio de St. Francisco,
in the province of Minas Geraes. Branches downy. Corolla
exceeding the calyx a little.
Bramble Hyptis. Shrub.
178 H. vesiculosa (Benth. lab. p. 131.) stem tall, branched,
clothed with fine rusty tomentum ; leaves on short petioles, ob-
long-elliptic, acute, cuneated at the base, crenulated, wrinkled,
clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; whorls few-flowered,
rather secund, distinct, racemose ; racemes panicled ; bracteas
minute; fructiferous calyx campanulate, inflated, membranous,
veiny, with a contracted mouth, and short setaceous teeth. Ij . ?
S. Native of Guayaquil, Tafalla. Leaves like those of Bud-
dlea sahifolia, 4-C inches long and 1| broad. Fructiferous
calyx size of a pea, bladdery.
Blad(leri/-ca]yxed Hyptis. Shrub. ?
179 H. ca'i.ida (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 131.) shrubby ;
branches pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, roundish, very
blunt, a little crenated, wrinkled, canescent beneath : floral ones
minute ; cymes sessile, loose, approximating into a dense, rather
branched raceme ; calyxes pedicellate, tubular, with an equal,
truncate mouth, and subulate, strict teeth, which are shorter
than the tube. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes, at Serro Frio. Branches divaricate. Whorls
10-15-flowered. This species is intermediate between sect.
McnthuUum and sect. Peciinaria.
Hot Hyptis. Shrub.
Sect. XVL Buddleioi'des (from Biiddlea, and idea, similar.
Plants with the habit of species of that genus.) Benth. lab. p.
132. Cymes pedunculate, capitate, many-flowered, numerous,
panicled. Bracteas minute. Calyxes almost sessile, tubular,
campanulate, with short teeth and naked throat. Tube of
corolla exserted, tomentose outside. — Tall shrubs, with the
habit of species o( Bialdlea.
ISO H. membranacea (Benth. lab. p. 132.) shrubby, cloth-
ed «ith rufous tomentum ; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic,
roundly cuneated at the base, very rough above, and clothed
with rufous toinentum beneath ; fascicles of flowers peduncu-
late, loose, numerous, many-flowered, widely panicled ; calyxes
on short pedicels, urceolate, clothed with rufous tomentum, with
very short equal teeth. T? . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes; and south of Brazil, in woods. Branches
bluntly tetragonal. Achenia compressed, girded by a very
broad inembranous wing. Leaves 4-5 inches long.
Memhranous-wmged-seeded Hyptis. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
181 H. ThVALhiE (Benth. lab. p. 132.) shrubby, tomen-
tose ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, cordate at the base,
wrinkled above, shining and glabrous, and clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; fascicles of flowers pedunculate,
loose, many-flowered, panicled ; calyxes on short pedicels.
LABIATE. XV. HypTis.
705
elongated, tubularly campanulate, equally 5-tootliecl, tomen-
tose ; corolla about twice as long as tbe calyx. b . S. Native
of Peru, Talnlla. Corollas tomentose outside. Achenia oblong,
obtuse, flat, wingless. Leaves 4 inches long.
Tafallas Hyptis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Sect. XVII. Umbella'ria (from iimbella, an umbel; cymes
umbel-formed.) Bcnth. lab. p. 133. Cymes pedunculate, um-
bel-formed, niany-tlowered. Bracteas minute, setaceous. Ca-
lyxes pedicellate, tubular, with lanceolate or setaceous teeth,
and the throat naked inside. Tube of corolla inclosed or ex-
serted. — Species dissimilar in habit.
182 H. RH.^BDOCALYX (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 133.)
shrubby ; branches tomentosely pubescent ; leaves on short pe-
tioles, roundish, sharply serrated, cordate at the base, wrinkled,
clothed with soft pubescence on both surfaces : floral ones simi-
lar ; cymes axillary, stiff", few-flowered ; calyx pubescent ; co-
rolla equalling the teeth of the calyx. ^.S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Rio Janeiro, in grassy places. Leaves 6-9
lines long.
Twig-calyxed Hyptis. Shrub.
1S3 H. toment6s.\ (Poit. ann. mus. 7. p. 469.) suffruticose ;
branches clothed with floccose tomentum ; leaves on short peti-
oles, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, wrin-
kled, tomentose on both surfaces ; cymes axillary, many-flow-
ered ; calyx clothed with white wool, with equal acuminated
teeth. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, near Actopan and Acapulco.
Tomentum vvjiitish or yellowish. Leaves 1 to ll inch long.
Corolla pubescent outside.
Tomentose Hyptis. Shrub 1^ to 2 feet.
Sect. XVIII. Siagon.\'rrhen (from o-iaywr, siagon, the
cheek-bone ; and apprji', arrhen, a male ; application not evi-
dent.) Mart, ex Benth. lab. p. 133. Cymes regularly dichoto-
mous, many-flowered, racemose, rarely diffbrmed, disposed in
an elongated, contracted panicle. Bracteas setaceous. Calyxes
nearly sessile, tubularly-campanulate, incurved, with an oblique
mouth, lanceolate, acute, rarely obtuse teeth, and tbe throat
naked inside. Corollas blue : tube for the most part a little
exserted. Filaments very villous. — Shrubs, rarely tall herbs,
generally clothed more or less with white tomentum, having the
habit of species oi Anisomelis.
184 H. leucophy'lla (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
134.) branches glabrous at the base, and floccosely tomentose
at top ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenu-
lated, rounded at the base ; cymes pedunculate ; bracteas 3
times shorter than the calyx ; calyx clothed with white wool,
with lanceolate, acute teeth. Tq . S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Minas Geraes. Branches bluntly tetragonal. Co-
rolla red, villous outside : tube a little exserted. Leaves 1-2
inches long.
While-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
185 H. LAURiFOLiA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 134.)
shrubby ; branches erect, rather tomentose ; leaves ])etiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, crenulated, cuneated at the base, green
on both surfaces, or the upper ones are rather tomentose be-
neath ; cymes pedunculate ; calyx clothed with white wool, with
lanceolate, acute teeth. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in sandy
places near Penha, in the province of Minas Geraes. Habit of
H. leucop/iylla ; but the racemes are more loose ; the whorls
remote, and the flowers smaller and fewer. Corollas pale
blue.
Laurel-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
186 H. sc.\'bra (Benth. lab. p. 134.) shrubby; branches to-
VOL. IV.
mentose ; leaves on short petioles, ovate or elliptic, roundly cor-
date at the base, wrinkled, very scabrous above, and clothed
with white tomentuin beneath, and the floral ones on both sur-
faces ; cymes pedunculate ; calyx clothed with white tomentum :
teeth equal, lanceolate, acute. ^i . S. Native of Brazil, in
the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro, &c , on the
margins of woods. Branches bluntly tetragonal. Leaves 3-4
inches long. Corollas downy outside, pale blue. Habit of
Gompkostemma.
Scabrous Hyptis. Shrub 5 to 6 feel.
187 H. ca'na (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 135.)
branches floccosely tomentose ; leaves on short petioles, oval-
roundish, very blunt or emarginate, mucronulate, scarcely cre-
nulated, rounded at the base, clothed with scabrous tomentum
above, and hoary tomentum beneath, but the floral ones are
clothed with hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; cymes loose,
few-flowered ; calyx clothed with white wool : teeth lanceolate,
acute. ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, at Rio Abaite. Lower leaves 4 inches long. Corolla
deeply lobed.
Hoary Hyptis. .Shrub.
188 H. soRDiDA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. 1. c. p. 135.)
branches clothed with floccose tomentum ; leaves on short peti-
oles, oval-roundish, very blunt, mucronate, scarcely crenated,
rounded at the base or cordate, tomentose on both surfaces,
whitish beneath ; calyx clothed with white wool : teeth lanceo-
late, acute. h . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes. Allied to H. cana, but the flowers are more dense,
and the calyxes longer.
Sordid Hyptis. Shrub.
189 H. ALTi'ssiMA (St. Hil, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 135.)
shrubby, tall ; branches somewhat floccosely tomentose ; leaves
petiolate, oblong, bluntish, finely crenulated, rounded at the
base, wrinkled, clothed with hoary tomentum ; raceme ample ;
calyx clothed with clammy pubescence : teeth lanceolate, acute.
^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in fields
near Meiaponte, and elsewhere. Shrub much branched ;
branches twisted. Corolla purplish blue.
/ery-/a// Hyptis. Shrub 15 feet.
190 H. LATiFOLiA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 135.)
shrubby ; branches clothed with soft velvety pubescence ;
leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the
base, somewhat complicate, very thick, stiff, velvety above, and
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; panicle coarctate, dense-
flowered ; flowers sessile ; bracteas lanceolate, deciduous ; calyx
clothed with white villi : teeth siiort, bluntish. I^ . S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at Serro Frio.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Corolla downy outside.
Broad-leaved Hyptis. Shrub.
191 H. ? salvi;ef6lia (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
136.) shrubby; branches clothed with soft adpressed pubes-
cence; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, crenated, round-
ed at the base, wrinkled, clothed with soft villi on both sur-
faces, whitish beneath ; panicle contracted, raceme-formed,
secund, with a pubescent axis; flowers solitary, approximate,
nearly sessile ; calyx clothed with white villi, with an oblique
mouth, and short, very blunt, truncate teeth. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at Calumbis. Leaves
3 inches long. Calyx bilabiate, as m Eriope, and the corolla
is almost the same. This species is apparently intermediate be-
tween the sections Hyphiia, Siagonarrhen, and the genus Eriope.
Sage-leaved Hyptis. Shrub tall.
Sect. XIX. Hype'nia (from vTr,,^/;, hypene, a beard ; in re-
ference to the filaments being very villous.) Mart. mss. ex
Benth. lab. p. 136. Flowers almost solitary, nearly sessile, or
4 X
706
LABIATiE. XV. Hyptis.
often pedicellate, disposed along the branches of the panicle,
which is sometimes very wide and divaricate, and sometimes
coarctateand raceme-formed, with cyme-formed or spike-formed
branches. Bracteas twin under the calyx, minute, rarely seta-
ceous, loose, about equal in length to the calyx. Calyx tubu-
larly campanulate, equal, rarely incurved, increased in the fruc-
tiferous state : teeth lanceolate, acute, rarely obtuse. Tube of
corolla inclosed, or much exserted, usually scarlet. Filaments
very villous. — Herbs or subshrubs, for the most part tomentose
or pilose at the base, panicled, nearly naked, and quite glabrous
and glaucous at top, with subcoriaceous leaves. Hardly dis-
tinct from the last section.
192 H. DENsiFLORA (Pohi, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 137.)
stem tall, scarcely pilose at the base ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
lanceolate, acutish, crenated, rounded at the base, thick, rather
scabrous above, reticulately wrinkled, and clothed with tomen-
tose pubescence beneath ; panicle raceme-formed, coarctate,
quite glabrous, glaucous ; branches spike-formed ; flowers
nearly sessile, densely approximate ; calyx tubular, incurved,
with lanceolate, acute teeth ; tube of corolla inclosed. 1^ . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, at Caretao, &c.
Leaves 1-2 inches long. Calyx nearly glabrous. Corolla gla-
brous.
Dense-Jlomered Hyptis. Shrub.
193 H. bkachy'stachys (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p.
137.) stem pilosely hispid at the base ; leaves small, nearly ses-
sile, ovate-obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, wrinkled, rather
tomentose or villous ; floral leaves and bracteas minute, ovate,
or setaceous, acute ; panicle coarctate, quite glabrous, glaucous,
with spike-formed branches ; flowers nearly sessile, approxi-
mate ; calyx pubescent, tubular, incurved, reticulated, with
short obtuse teeth ; tube of corolla hardly exserted. "U . ? S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, on the road from
Rio Crixas to Rio Maranhao, &c. Corollas pale violet, downy
outside.
Short-spiked Hyptis. PI. 3 feet.
\9i H. MELOCHiofDES (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 137.)
stem pilose at the base ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or lan-
ceolate, acutish, serrate-crenated, rounded, cuneated at the
base, thick, wrinkled, pubescent above, and clothed with hoary
totnentum beneath : floral ones and bracteas small, lanceolate-
subulate ; panicle coarctate, raceme-formed, quite glabrous,
glaucous ; flowers nearly sessile, approximate ; calyx pubes-
cent, tubularly campanulate, with lanceolate-subulate increased
teeth ; tube of corolla hardly exserted. ^ . ? S. Native of
Brazil. Habit of the preceding.
Melochia-like Hyptis. PI. tall.
195 H. PRUiNosA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 137.)
stem tall ; branches pilosely hispid at the base, and clothed with
rusty tomentum ; leaves sessile, roundish, obtuse, crenated, cor-
date at the base, thick, scabrous above, and lacunosely wrinkled
beneath ; panicle rauch branched, quite glabrous, glaucous ;
flowers pedicellate, approximate towards the tops of the
branches ; bracteas minute, subulate ; calyx tubular, incurved,
with an oblique mouth, and lanceolate, acuminated teeth : in-
creasing in the fructiferous state, veined, and transversely wrin-
kled ; tube of corolla hardly exserted. 1/.? S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, on Serra San Felix. Corolla
downy outside.
Pru'mose Hyptis. PI. tall.
196 H. Blanche'ti (Benth. lab. p. 712.) stem pilose at the
base ? ; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, crenated, coria-
ceous, glabrous on both surfaces ; panicle loose, branched,
quite glabrous, glaucous ; flowers approximate towards the tops
of the branches ; bracteas minute, subulate ; calyx tubularly
campanulate, incurved, with an oblique mouth, and broad, acu-
minated teeth, much increased in the fructiferous state ; tube of
corolla hardly exserted. 11.1 S. Native of Brazil, near
Bahia, Blanchet. Habit of H. pruinosa, but differs in the form
of the leaves.
Blanchet's Hyptis. PI. tall.
197 H. si'mplex (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 138.) stem
tall, tomentosely villous at the base ; leaves nearly sessile,
ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded or subcordate at the base,
thick, wrinkled, tomentose on both surfaces, or villous above;
panicle loose, much branched, glabrous, rather glaucous ; pe-
duncles filiform, 1-flowered; bracteas minute, setaceous ; calyx
campanulate, erectish, with short acute teeth ; tube of corolla
almost inclosed. 1t-?S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Goyaz, among rocks on Serra Dourada. Leaves 1 inch
long.
Simple Hyptis. PI. tall.
198 H. Salzma'nni (Benth. lab. p. 138.) shrubby ; branches
leafy, spreadingly pilose; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, erosely
crenated, wrinkled, pubescent, pale beneath ; panicle very
loose, nearly naked, quite glabrous, glaucous, with elongated
branches ; peduncles filiform, 1-3-flowered ; calyx campanu-
late, veiny, with equal acute teeth ; tube of corolla hardly ex-
serted. ^ . S. Native of tropical Brazil, in sandy places near
Bahia, and in many other places in the same province, as well
as of Minas Geraes. Corolla pale blue.
Var. /3, tomentosa (Benth. lab. p. 138.) leaves tomentose on
both surfaces, white beneath.
Salzmanns Hyptis. Shrub 3 feet.
199 H. calophy'lla (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 138.)
plant tall ; branches panicled above, quite glabrous, scarcely
glaucous ; leaves petiolate, large, ovate, acuminated, sinuately
lobed, crenated, deeply cordate at the base, scabrous above, and
clothed with white wool beneath ; panicle very loose, with fili-
form branches; peduncles very short, 1-flowered; bracteas
minute, setaceous ; fructiferous calyx much increased, glabrous,
membranous, rather glaucous, obliquely campanulate, with a
very short 5-toothed mouth ; tube of corolla scarcely exserted.
1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, on a mountain called Morro d'An-
daia, in Minas Novas. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Corollas very
small.
Beautiful-leaved Hyptis. PI. 5 feet.
200 H. viTiFOLiA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 138.)
branches pilosely hispid at the base, panicled, quite glabrous
and glaucous at top ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, acuminated,
irregularly crenated, and sinuately lobed, deeply cordate at the
base, scabrous above, and clothed with white tomentum be-
neath ; panicle loosely divaricate, with filiform, 1-flowered pe-
duncles ; calyx glabrous, membranous, much increased in the
fructiferous state, obliquely campanulate, with a very short, 5-
toothed mouth ; tube of corolla much exserted. Ij . ? S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, at Santa Cruz. Floral
leaves and bracteas minute. Corollas scarlet.
Vine-leaved Hyptis. Shrub tall.
201 H. CRisPA TA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 139.)
stem tall, scarcely pilose at the base ; leaves petiolate, oblong,
with undulately crenated margins, rounded at the base, very
thick, stiff", hairy above, and clothed with soft villi beneath :
upper leaves lanceolate- — linear : floral leaves and bracteas
small, lanceolate ; panicle quite glabrous and glaucous ; flowers
solitary, opposite, along the branches, on short peduncles; calyx
tubularly campanulate, clothed with soft villi : teeth broad-lan-
ceolate. Ip . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz,
on Serra Dourada. Allied to H. calycina. Corolla villous,
twice as long as the calyx.
Curled-\e3.\eA Hyptis. Shrub tall.
LABIATiE. XV. Hyptis. XVI. Eriope.
707
202 H. cocci'nea (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 139.) stem
tall, pubescent at the base, and ciliated with a few hairs ; leaves
petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, irregularly toothed, round-
ed or subcordate at the base, thick, villous above, and clothed
with tomentose pubescence beneath ; panicle very loose, almost
naked, quite glabrous, glaucous ; branches and peduncles gene-
rally 1-Hovvered, elongated; bracteas elongated; fructiferous
calyx elongated, a little inflated, with lanceolate, acute teeth.
%. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and
Bahia, in stony fields. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla scarlet,
a little shorter than that of H. litxiflora.
Scarlei-RowexeiX Hyptis. PI. 5 to 6 feet.
203 H. panicula'ta (Benth. lab. p. 139.) branches villous
at the base ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, crenated,
rounded at the base, thick, wrinkled, densely clothed with villous
tomentum on both surfaces ; panicle very loose, nearly naked,
quite glabrous, glaucous, with elongated branches ; peduncles
filiform, 1 -flowered, rather shorter than the calyxes, which are
pubescent. H . S. Native of the south of Brazil, Sello. Shrub
clothed with rusty tomentum and spreading villi. Corolla scar-
let, downy outside.
Pankled Hyptis. Shrub.
204 H. LAxiFLORA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 139.)
branches villous at the base ; leaves petiolate, roundish, obtuse,
crenated, rounded at the base, thick, wrinkled, clothed with to-
mentose pubescence on both surfaces, reticulated and whitish
beneath ; panicle very loose, nearly naked, quite glabrous, glau-
cous ; bracteas small, ovate ; branches elongated ; peduncles
filiform, 1-flowered, more than twice as long as the calyxes;
tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx. Pj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in fields at Villa Rica,
and elsewhere in the same province. Hahh of H. paniculala,
but the leaves are much smaller. Corolla showy scarlet, downy
outside.
Loose-Jlonered Hyptis. Shrub.
205 H. cALYcfNA (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 140.)
stem tall, scarcely pilose at the base ; leaves petiolate, oblong-
elliptic, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, very thick, to-
mentosely villous on both surfaces ; superior leaves narrower ;
panicle very loose, nearly naked, quite glabrous, glaucous, with
the branches and 1-flowered peduncles elongated ; bracteas
cordate, stem-clasping ; fructiferous calyx long-campanulate,
glabrous, with lanceolate, acute teeth. Tj . ? S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, on Serra do Chrystais and
Traliiras. Fructiferous calyx 7-8 lines long. Corolla more
than an inch, glabrous, scarlet.
Large-calyxed Hyptis. Shrub. ?
206 H. macra'ntha (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 140.)
stem tall, furnished with spreading hairs at the base ; leaves pe-
tiolate : lower ones oval : superior ones oblong-elliptic or lan-
ceolate, serrately crenated, cuneated at the base, coriaceous,
green on both surfaces, and rather scabrous, glabrous or spread-
ingly pilose; panicle loose, nearly naked, quite glabrous, rather
glaucous ; branches elongated ; peduncles a little longer than the
calyxes ; bracteas small, ovate-lanceolate ; fructiferous calyxes
elongated : teeth lanceolate, acute ; corolla 4 times as long as
the calyx. Ij . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, near Paracatu. Intermediate between H. calyclna and
H. longlflora. Corolla 1| inch long.
Large-flowered Hyptis. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
207 H. longiflora (Pohl, icon. ined. ex Benth. lab. p. 140.)
branches pilose at the base ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or
rounded, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, thick, scabrous
above, and reticulated, wrinkled beneath, and clothed with
rufous pubescence ; panicle very loose, nearly naked, quite gla-
brous, glaucous; branches elongated; peduncles filiform, elon-
gated, 1-flowered ; bracteas small, subulate ; calyxes campanu-
late, increased in the fructiferous state, membranous, reticulated,
with lanceolate, acute teeth. Jj . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Goyaz, in fields from Barbacena to Paracatu.
Calyx very villous inside, and pubescent outside, at length
glabrous. Corolla villous outside, 3 times longer than the
calyx.
Long-flowered Hyptis. Shrub. ?
208 H. reticula'ta (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 141.) stems
pubescent at the base, rather pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
oblong, or lanceolate, doubly serrated, cuneated at the base, or
rounded, coriaceous, glabrous and rather scabrous above, reticu-
lately much veined beneath, and tomentosely pubescent on the
veins ; panicle very loose, nearly naked, quite glabrous, glau-
cous ; branches and 1 -flowered peduncles elongated; bracteas
subulate ; fructiferous calyx campanulate : teeth lanceolate,
acutish. 7^. ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, in several places. Stem sub-tetragonal at the base, and
terete at top. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corollas of H. cocdnea,
but a little shorter.
Reticulated-\ea.ved Hyptis. PI. I to 2| feet.
209 H. glau'ca (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 141.) stem
tall, scarcely pilose at the base ; leaves petiolate, ovate, undu-
lately crenated, cuneated at the base, thick, coriaceous, green on
both surfaces, scabrous and nearly glabrous above, reticulated,
and loosely tomentose beneath ; panicle large ; flowers on short
pedicels along the elongated, strict branches ; bracteas small,
lanceolate; calyxes campanulate, nearly glabrous, with broad-
lanceolate, obtuse teeth ; tube of corolla much exserted. 1/ . ?
S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St.
Paid, near habitations. Intermediate between H. crispata and
H. reticulata.
Glaucous Uy pus. PI.?
N.B. H, menthodora, Schranck. in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p.
56. H. Nepalensis, Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1830. H. ob-
tusifc>lia, R. Br. in salt, abyss, app. H. Pohliana, Jacq., and
H. marathrosma, Spreng. are very little known, or not de-
scribed.
Cult. Very few of the species of Hyptis are worth culti-
vating for ornament, they are, therefore, seldom seen in gar-
dens. The shrubby and perennial herbaceous kinds should be
treated like other common stove plants, and they are readily
increased from cuttings. The annual kinds should be treated
like other tender annual plants, by being reared on a hot-bed, &c.
XVI. ERrOPE (probably derived from tpioc, erion, wool ;
and oirr), ope, a hole ; because the throat of the calyx is closed
with wool.) Humb. et Bonpl. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 142.
Lin. sysT. Didynamia, Gymnosperinia. Calyx turbinate,
spreading, and equally 5-toothed in the floriferous state, but
increased and nutant in the fructiferous state, having the 3
superior teeth membranously dilated into a lip ; the 2 lower
teeth hardly increased, dejected into a lower lip ; throat closed
with dense white wool inside. Corolla declinate ; tube a little ex-
serted, much dilated at the throat ; the 4 upper lobes of the limb
oblong, nearly equal ; the 2 uppermost of these erect, and the
2 lateral ones spreading : lower one abruptly dejected, saccate,
acuminated, and somewhat bidentate at apex. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, declinate : lower ones the longest ; filaments densely
villous at the base ; anthers ovate-reniform, with confluent
cells. Style almost equally bifid at apex ; stigmas almost
confluent. Achenia oblong, somewhat compressed, smooth. —
Shrubs, or sub-shrubs, rarely perennial herbs. Flowers soli-
tary, opposite, along the axils of a simple or paniculately-
branched raceme. Floral leaves minute, bractea-formed, soon
4x2
708
LABIATiE. XVI. Eriope. XVII. Lavandula.
falling off. Bracteas 2, very minute under the calyx. Nearly
allied to Hyptis, section Hypenia, but the habit is peculiar.
1 E. HYPENOiDES (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 142.) shrub-
by ; stem pilose at the base, quite glabrous above, and glaucous ;
leaves on short petioles, ovate, or oblong, acute, rounded at the
base, or cuneated, white beneath ; panicle ample, branched. V; .
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in elevated
tields at Rio da Contas. Branches terete. Leaves serrulated,
or crenulated. Peduncles tomentose. Calyx villous. Corollas
pale, bluish red.
Hypenia-like Eriope. Shrub 6 feet.
a E. MONTicoLA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 143.) suffruti-
cose ; stem clothed with hoary tomentum at the base, glabrous,
and bluish above ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-roundish, co-
riaceous, glabrous above and shining, but rather scabrous and
canescent beneath, with ciliated edges ; panicle branched. T? . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in elevated fields at
Sincora. Branches terete, or scarcely tetragonal at the base.
Leaves toothed, J inch long. Corolla pale blue, downy outside.
Young branches.'peduncles, and calyxes tomentose.
Mountain Eriope. Shrub 3 feet.
3 E. obtusa'ta (Benth. lab. p. 143.) suffrulicose ; stem
tomentosely pubescent ; leaves nearly sessile, oval, obtuse, cre-
nated a little, coriaceous, rather wrinkled above, and tomentose
beneath, with ciliated margins ; racemes branched. Ij . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Racemes more
villous than the preceding.
Blunt-\ea\ed Eriope. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 E. polyphy'lla (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 143.) suf-
frulicose ; stem tomentosely pubescent ; leaves on short peti-
oles, ovate, or lanceolate, acute, serrated, coriaceous, shining
above, rather tomentose beneath, with ciliated edges ; racemes
elongated, nearly simple. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Bahia, at Rio da Contas, and Cayes. An humble
shrub.
Many-leaved Eriope. Shrub.
5 E. cRAssiFOLiA (Mart luss. ex Benth. lab. p. 143.) shrub-
by ; branches pubescent ; leaves sessile, sub-imbricate, broad-
ovate, acute, serrated, thick, coriaceous, glabrous on both sur-
faces, with naked margins ; racemes simple. Ij . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in Serra das Lages, and
at Sincora. Habit of E. polyphylla. Corolla pale violet, as in
the preceding.
Tluck-leaved Eriope. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
6 E. PARViFOLiA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 144.) suffru-
ticose ; branches tomentosely pubescent ; leaves nearly sessile,
ovate, acute, complicate, green on both surfaces, clothed with
soft tomentum, with naked edges ; racemes numerous, a little
branched. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia,
in the woods of Catingas, at Sincora. Shrub much branched.
Peduncles and calyxes clothed with short, velvety tomentum.
Corollas as \n E. crassifolia,
Smcill-leaved Eriope. Shrub.
7 E. NUDiFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
144.) suffruticose ; branches very hairy ; leaves on short peti-
oles, oblong, acutish, callously serrated, cuneated at the base,
glabrous, coriaceous, wrinkled, with rather ciliated margins ;
racemes simple. \i . S. Native of Guiana, at Maypure.
Humb. et Bonpl. Leaves 1| inch long. Corolla violet.
Whorls 4-flowered. Pedicels glabrous.
Naked-Jlowered Eriope. Shrub.
8 C. cra'ssipes (Benth. lab. p. 144.) suffruticose ; branches
erect, nearly simple, pubescent ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate,
obtuse, crenated, or lanceolate, acute, serrated, nearly glabrous ;
racemes elongated, simple. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Goyaz, in pastures near San Jose.
Var. /3, acutifoUa (Benth. lab. p. 144.) leaves lanceolate,
roughish, for the most part glabrous, or furnished with a few
hairs. ^J . S. Native of Rio Janeiro.
Thick- peduncled Eriope. Shrub.
9 E. TEUcRioiDEs (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 144.) her-
baceous, ? procumbent ; branches spreadingly pilose at the base,
pubescent at top ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, bluntish, sub-
crenated, glabrous, somewhat ciliated ; racemes elongated, nearly
simple. 11/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Novas, in woods. Racemes like those oi E. nudicai'dis. Co-
rollas blue.
Germander-like Eriope. PI.
10 E. complica'ta (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 144.)
shrubby ; branches elongated, tomentose, and spreadingly
pilose ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded
at the base, wrinkled, villous on both surfaces, rather hoary
beneath ; racemes simple, clothed with white tomentum. T^ • S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Bahia,
in several places. Racemes 1-3-flowered, terminal. Leaves \
an inch long. Corolla small, bluish-violet.
Complicate Eriope. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
11 E. fce'tida (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 145.) shrub-
by ; branches divaricate, beset with spreading hairs at the base,
and tomentose pubescence at top ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acutish, serrately crenated, almost glabrous, coriaceous ; ra-
cemes paniculately branched. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the
provinces of Minas Geraes and Goyaz. Leaves Ig to 3 inches
long, often clammy. Corolla purplish. Odour fetid.
Fetid Eriope. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
12 E. alpb'stris (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 145.) shrub-
by ; branches and petioles clothed with spreading pili ; leaves
petiolate, oval, obtuse, crenated, cuneately rounded at the base,
wrinkled, villous on both surfaces, hardly canescent beneath ;
racemes paniculately branched. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Bahia, on the top of Mount Itambe.
Alp Eriope. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
13 E. macrosta'chya (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 145.)
shrubby ; branches pubescent, or villous ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, denticulated, rounded at the base, or
subcordate, wrinkled, villous on both surfaces ; panicle ample,
branched. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas
Geraes, Rio Janeiro, &c., in elevated fields, and on the banks of
rivers. Leaves I5 to 3 inches long. Corolla bluish purple,
pubescent outside.
Var. /3, villbsa (Benth. lab. p. 145.) stem clothed with rufous
tomentum, and spreading pili. Leaves clothed with rufous villi
beneath, and more wrinkled than in the species.
Lo7)g-spiked Eriope. Shrub tall.
Cult. Plants of easy culture. A light, rich soil will suit
them, and cuttings will strike root readily in the same kind of
earth.
XVII. LAVA'NDULA (from lavo, to wash ; from its use
in fomentations and baths.) Tourn. inst. 93. Lin. gen. no.
711. Schreb. gen. no. 965. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 320. t. 66.
Juss. gen. 113. ed. Usteri, p. 127. Benth. lab. p. 146.
Stoe~chas, Tourn. inst. 95. Fabricia, Adans, fam. 188. Chse-
tostachys, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 19.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-tubular,
nearly equal, 1-3, or rarely lo-nerved, shortly 5-toothed ; the
4 lower teeth nearly equal, or the two lowest ones are narrower :
the upper one, (and sometimes the lateral ones are broader,)
sometimes drawn out at the apex into a dilated appendage. Co-
rolla with an exserted tube, a somewhat dilated throat, and an
oblique, bilabiate limb : upper lip 2-lobed : lower one 3-lobed :
LABIATE. XVII. Lavandula.
709
lobes all nearly equal, spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous :
lower ones the longest, inclosed, declinate ; filaments glabrous,
free, toothless ; anthers ovate-reniform, confluent, 1-celled.
Style shortly bifid at apex : lobes flattened, rather connate, with
stigmatiferous margins. Disk concave, furnislied with 4 fleshy
scales on the margin in front of the achenia. Achenia glabrous,
smooth, adnatc beiiind to the scales of the disk. — Under shrubs,
shrubs, or perennial, herbaceous plants. Stems leafy at the
base, and usually naked imder the spikes. Floral leaves brac-
tea-formcd, with 1-5 flowers on both sides, opposite, rarely
alternate. Flowers approximate into terminal, simple spikes,
which are sometimes branched at the base. Bracteas small,
setaceous, or wanting.
Sect. I. Stce'chas (the Latin name of French Lavender;
because it grows wild in the Sloechade Islands.) Benth. lab. p.
147. Floral leaves 3-5-flovvered, disposed in an imbricated,
dense sj)ike : the upper floral leaves sterile, and comose. Upper
tooth of calyx dilately appendiculate. Small trees, with quite
entire, or pinnately toothed leaves.
1 L. Stce'ciias (Lin. spec. p. 800.) leaves oblong-linear, quite
entire, with revolute edges, clothed with hoary touientum on
both surfaces; spikes dense, comose; whorls 6-10-flowered ;
calyxes ovate, hoary, shorter than the tube of the corolla. ^i .
H. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa, in
many places ; also of Teneriffe. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. t.
549. Stoe'clias ofRcinarum, Mill. diet. no. 1. Stoe'chas pur-
purea, Tourn. inst. 201. t. 95. — Blackw. icon. t. 241. StoeVhas
vulgaris, Park, theatr. 67. Leaves about \ an inch long. Co-
rolla dark purple ; tube a little exserted. Spike tetragonal,
with a tuft of purple leaves at top. The whole plant has a
strong aromatic, agreeable flavour.
Var. /J, macrostachya (Ging. hist. lav. p. 1 'JO.) spikes thicker,
octagonal, with a tuft of coloured leaves at top ; leaves
broader. $ . F. Native of Corsica, Sicily, Naples, and Tene-
riffe. Floral leaves 4 in a whorl.
French Lavender. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1568. Shrub 2 to
3 feet.
2 L. peduncula'ta (Cav. prsel. p. 70.) leaves lanceolate,
quite entire, with revolute edges, clothed with hoary tomentum
on both surfaces; spikes dense, comose ; whorls 6-10-flower-
ed ; calyxes elongated, pubescent, equalling the tube of the
corolla. y^ . F. Native of Spain, Portugal, among heath on
the banks of the Tagus, but rare ; but more common between
Lamego and Viseu ; also of Madeira, Masson. L. Stoe'chas,
fi, Lin. spec. p. 800. Stce'chas pedunculiita. Mill. diet. no. 2.
— Ger. emac. p. 568. f. 4. Spikes thicker, more loose, and
on longer peduncles than L. Stcechas, &c., and the odour
weaker.
Long-peduncled Lavender. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
3 L. vi'ridis (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 288.) leaves oblong-linear,
quite entire, with revolute edges, green on both surfaces, vil-
lous ; spikes rather loose, and somewhat comose at top ; whorls
6-10-fiowered ; calyx tubular, rather villous, equalling the tube
of the corolla. ^ . F. Native of Portugal, and Madeira. Lher.
sert. angl. 19. t. 21. Hoft'm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 91. t. 4.
Stoe'chas viridis, Ray. hist. 1. p. 514. Lavandula Massonii,
Gels, ex Ging. hist. lav. p. 137. This species differs from L.
JSlaechas, in the leaves being villous, and in the spike and coma
being green ; the spikes are looser, and the upper tooth of
calyx is furnished with a longer appendage.
Green Lavender. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1777. Shrub 2 to
3 feet.
4 L. DENTA~TA (Lin. spec. p. 800.) leaves oblong, linear, or lan-
ceolate, bluntly and pinnately toothed, pubescent, hoary beneath,
with revolute edges; spikes loose, rather tnfted at apex ; calyx
oblong, pubescent, about equal in length to the tube of the
corolla. f^ . F. Native of the South of Europe, and Africa,
in the region of the Mediterranean ; Spain, Balearic Islands,
Naples, Sicily, Zante ; Island of Madeira. Curt. bot. mag. t.
400. .Stoe'chas dentuta. Mill. diet. no. 3. — Barrel, icon. 797.
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 279. f. 2. Branches ascending, tetragonal,
tomentosely pubescent. Leaves 1 to I5 inch long. Spike
interrupted at the base. Whorls 6-10-flowered. Corollas
like those o{ L. Stoechas. Spike terminated by a few purplish
leaves.
N.B. L. heterophylla, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 308. includes 2
garden varieties, the one probably a hybrid between L. dentata
and L. vera; the other between L. dentata and L. splca.
Toot/ied-]eaved. Lavender. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1597.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Spi'ca (from spica, an ear of corn ; from the simi-
larity of a spike of lavender to an ear of wheat.) Benth. lab.
p. 148. Floral leaves 3-5-flowered, approximate into a loose
spike : superior ones shorter than the calyxes, fertile. Upper
tooth of calyx dilately appendiculate. — Shrubs. Branches naked
at top. Leaves quite entire.
5 L. ve'ra (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 398.) leaves oblong-linear, or
lanceolate, quite entire, hoary in the young state, with revolute
edges ; spikes interrupted ; whorls 6-10-flowered ; floral
leaves rhombeo-ovate, acuminated, membranous, all fertile : up-
per ones shorter than the calyxes ; bracteas almost wanting, h .
H. Native of the South of^ Europe, and North of Africa, in
the region of the Mediterranean, on sterile hills and declivities.
L. spica, var. a, Lin. spec. p. 800. L. spica, Lin. spec. 800.
Schkuhr, handb. 2. t. 157. Lois. fl. gall. 2. p. 346. Woodv.
med. bot. p. 150. t. 55. Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 72. — Berg. 2. p.
233. L. spica, a, angustifolia. Mill. diet. no. 2. Garid. aix. t.
60. L. officinalis, Clairv. in Vill. dauph. 2. p. 363. L. vul-
garis, a, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 403. L. angustifolia, Mcench. meth.
389. Shrub much branched ; branches tetragonal, rather to-
mentose, leafy at bottom, and naked at top. Calyxes bluish.
Corollas blue, seldom white. Lavender is a plant which has
long been celebrated for its virtues in nervous disorders. Ac-
cording to Dr. Cullen it is, " whether used externally or inter-
nally, a powerful stimulant to the nervous system, and amongst
others of this order, named cephalics, the lavender has the best
title to it, and it appears to me probable that it will seldom go
farther than exciting the energy of the brain to a fuller impulse
of the nervous power into the nerves of the animal function,
and seldom into the vital." The officinal preparations of La-
vender are the essential oil, a simple spirit, and a compound
tincture. The essential oil has been used for stimulating para-
lytic limbs, and for several external purposes, but it is only now
used as a perfume. Imitation scent-bottles are made of the
fragrant spikes of Lavender. They are also put in paper bags,
and placed among linen to perfume it. Lavender water, a
well-known perfume, is distilled from the flowers, for which
purpose the plant is cultivated extensively in different places,
but more especially at Mitcham in Surrey, and Maidenhead in
Berkshire.
Lavender is propagated by slips and cuttings, like rosemary ;
it likes a dry soil, and may be planted either in distinct plants
two feet asunder, or to form a sort of hedge-row, in one or
more lines, especially where large supplies of flowers are re-
quired for distilling. The plants will advance in a close,
branchy growth, and when established will produce plenty of
flowers in July and August. Gather them while in perfection,
cutting the spikes oft' close to the stem ; then give the plants
occasional trimmings, taking oflf the gross and rampant shoots of
710
LABIATE. XVII. Lavandula.
the year, and the decayed flower spikes. In dry gravelly, or
poor soil its flowers have a more powerful odour, and the
severity of our winters has little effect on it ; while in rich
garden soil, although it grows strongly, it is apt to he killed,
and the flowers have less perfume.
True Lavender. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1SG8. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
6 L. spicA (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 397.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
somewhat spatulate, quite entire, narrowed a long way at the
base, with somewhat revolute margins, hoary on both surfaces ;
spikes somewhat interrupted; whorls 6-10-flowered ; floral
leaves lanceolate, or linear, all fertile : upper ones shorter than
the calyxes ; bracteas linear-subulate, shorter than the calyxes.
Jj . H. Native of the South of Europe, and North of Africa, in
the region of the Mediterranean. L. spica, /3, Lin. spec. 800.
L. vulgaris, /3, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 403. L. latifolia, Vill. daupli.
2. p. 363. L. spica. Mill. diet. no. 1. — Ger. eraac. p. 583. f. 1,
2. — Park, theatr. p. 73. f. 1. Calyxes bluish. Corollas blue,
rarely vvhite. Habit of L. vera, but more humble, and the
aspect more hoary ; the leaves at the base of the branches more
crowded ; the spikes more dense and shorter : the floral leaves
different in form, and the bracteas present. The flowers of both
this and the preceding have a fragrant, agreeable stnell, and
a warm, pungent, bitterish taste ; and this species yields by dis-
tillation thrice as much essential oil as the preceding ; hence in
the southern parts of France, where both kinds grow wild, this
only is used for the distillation of what is called oil of spike.
Spica, or Broad-leaved Lavender. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1568.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. III. Pteeostachts (from Trrepof, ptero7i, a wing ; and
(rra^vt;, stachys, a spike.) Ging. hist. lav. p. 158. Benth. lab.
p. 149. Floral leaves 1 -flowered, opposite, disposed in a loose
spike : the upper ones not comose. Calyx 1 3-nerved, sub-bila-
biate ; upper lip tridentate : middle tooth broader, not appendi-
culate : lower lip bidentate. — Perennial herbs rather woody at
the base. Leaves toothed, or deeply multifid.
7 L. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 150.) leaves petiolate,
broad-ovate, deeply toothed, rounded at the base, glabrous on
both surfaces ; spikes elongated, slender ; flowers solitary, op-
posite. T2 . G. Native of the Island of St. Nicolas, one of
the Cape Verds. Habit and spike of L. abrolanoides. Branches
pubescent, or glabrous. Leaves 1 to 1^ inch long. Calycine
teeth lanceolate, acute.
Round-leaved Lavender. Shrub.
8 L. pinna'ta (Lin. fil. diss. lav. p. 55.) plant clothed with
very short, hoary tomentum ; leaves pinnate, or bipinnate, or
pinnatifid : lobes quite entire, obtuse, very blunt ; floral leaves
ovate, acutish ; spikes elongated, slender, usually by threes,
hoary ; flowers solitary, opposite. Vj . G. Native of the
Canary Islands, on rocks by the sea-side. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t.
106. Curt. hot. mag. t. 401. Spike tetragonal, 2-3 inches
long, loose. Floral leaves rather longer than the calyxes. Co-
rollas purple ; tube about twice as long as the calyx.
Var. (i, pubescens (Benth. lab. p. 150.) plant less hoary;
spike more loose. Ij . G. L. formosa, Dietr. lex. naschtr. 4.
Link. enum. 1. p. 103. Ging. hist. lav. p. 153.
Pinnate-leaved Lavender. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1777.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
9 L. ABROTANOiDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 429.) green, rather
pilose ; leaves bipinnate : lobes entire, bluntish ; floral leaves
ovate-lanceolate, very acute ; spikes elongated, slender, branch-
ed ; flowers solitary, opposite. V^ ■ G. Native of the Canary
Islands. L. Canariensis, Mill. diet. no. 4. L, elegans, Desf.
hort. par. p. 71. Mirb. ann. mus. 15. t. 5. f. 5. — Comm. rar.
t. 27. This differs from L. pinnala in its superfices being
green, not hoary, in the stem being pubescent at the base, in
the leaves being more deeply cut, in the segments being nar-
rower, in the spikes being usually 5 together, longer, and more
loose, and in the floral leaves being more acute. Corollas pur-
ple, rarely white.
Southernnood-like Lavender. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1699.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 L. MULTiFiDA (Lin. spec. p. 800.) green, pilose ; stems
leafy; leaves bipinnatifid : lobes rather cuneated, acute : floral
leaves cordately dilated, acuminated, about equal in length to
the calyxes ; spike rather dense ; calyxes tomentose. $ . G.
Native of the South of Europe, and North of Africa, in the
region of the Mediterranean. — Barrel, icon. 795. — Bauh. hist.
3. p. 281. f. 2. — Lob. icon. 432, Very nearly allied to the
preceding, but differs in the spikes being shorter, and usually
simple, in the floral leaves being broad, and villous outside, and
in the calyxes being tomentose, and in the peduncles being one-
half shorter. Corollas purple, rarely white.
il/«Z/(^rf-leaved Lavender. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. Shrub
li foot.
11 L. PUBESCENS (Decaisne, in ann. sc. nat. par. 1834. 2. p.
246.) hairy ; stems strict ; leaves pinnate : segments linear,
entire, or a little cut ; floral leaves membranous, about equal in
length to the calyxes ; spikes slender ; flowers solitary, oppo-
site, fj • ? G. Native on Mount Sinai, N. Bove. Tliis
species appears intermediate between L. multijida and L.
coronopifblia, but differs in hairiness, in the stems being more
leafy, in the spikes being more dense, and in the floral leaves
being larger.
Dmvntj Lavender. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
12 L. coRONOPiFOLiA (Poir. diet. 2. p. 308.) glabrous; stems
nearly naked ; leaves pinnate : segments linear, entire ; floral
leaves very short, ovate, very acute ; spikes slender ; flowers
solitary, opposite, remote. Tj . ? G. Native of the East of
Africa, and West of Asia ; in Egypt, near Val de L' Egareraent,
in the desert of Suez, Delile ; Persia, Burmann. Leaves 1-2
inches long, rather fleshy. Calyx rather cinereous. Corolla
bluish ; tube about twice as long as the calyx.
Buckhorn-lcaved Lavender. Shrub.
Sect. IV. Ch.et6stachys (from x""''?> chaite, a head of hair;
and (TTaxvt, stachys, a spike.) Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2.
p. 19. Lab. p. 151. Floral leaves 1 -flowered, alternate, dis-
posed in a rather loose branched spike : the upper ones not
comose. Calyx 15-nerved, almost equally 5-toothed. Leaves
deeply multifid.
13 L. Buuma'nni (Benth. lab. p. 151.) clothed with fine
pubescence ; stems leafy ; leaves bipinnate : segments linear,
quite entire ; floral leaves membranous, dilated at the base, se-
taceously acuminated ; spikes rather dense ; flowers solitary,
alternate, approximate. 1(1.? S. Native of the East Indies,
Burmann, Klein, &c. ; in the North of India, about Indor,
Aurungabad, Drolulabad, and Ellora, Jacquemont. L. muta-
bile, Burm. ind. 126. icon. t. 38. f. 1. but not of Lin. Byste-
ropogon bipinnatus, Roth. nov. spec. p. 225. Chfetostachys
multifida, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 19. Stem herba-
ceous, tetragonal. Margins of the segments of the leaves
revolute. Spike generally branched. Corolla slender, exceed-
ing the calyx.
Barmann's Lavender. PI. ?
Cult. All the species of Lavender ai-e of easy culture and
propagation, increasing readily either by seeds or cuttings. L.
vera and L. spica are the only truly hardy species, all the
rest requiring the protection of a greenhouse, or frame during
winter. The L. vera and L. spica abide longer in a dry,
gravelly, or poor soil, than in a rich earth, although in such
1
LABIATyE. XVIII. Poqostemon.
711
a soil they grow stronger ; nor are the plants so strong scented,
or fit for medicinal uses, as those which grow in barren, rocky
places.
Tribe II.
MENTHOI'DE^E (from vientha, mint ; and idea, similar ;
so called from the plants contained in this tribe agreeing with
the genus Menllia in the characters given below.) Benth. lab.
p. 132. Corolla somewhat campanulate, or funnel-shaped;
tube shorter than the caly.x, or scarcely longer ; limb 1-5-cleft ;
lobes nearly equal. Stamens distant, straight, or diverging, not
approximate by pairs, nearly equal, or the lower ones are long-
est ; the superior ones sometimes abortive ; anthers confluently
1 -celled, or somewliat parallelly 2-celled.
XVIII. POGOSTE'iMON (from Trwywr, pogoii, a beard ;
and <TTiij.uof, slemon, a stamen; in allusion to the filaments being
generally bearded in the middle.) Desf. mem. mus. 2. p. 154.
Benth. lab. p. 152. Mentha species, Roxb.
Lin. svst. Didynamia, Gymnosjiirmia. Calyx ovate-tubu-
lar, equal, 5-tootlied ; throat naked inside. Corolla with an
inclosed tube, and a quadrifid, somewhat bilabiate limb : upper
lip trifid : lower one entire : lobes all entire, nearly equal,
spreading. Stamens 4, exserted, straight, or a little declinate ;
filaments bearded in the middle, or naked; anthers terminal, 1-
celled, dehiscing by a transverse chink. Style almost equally
bifid : lobes subulate ; stigmas minute, terminal. — Herbs.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, entire, toothed, or cut. Whorls
many-flowered, equal, or secund, sometimes propped by bracteas,
glomerately spiked, the spikelets racemosely panicled : some-
times loosely approximate into simple, spike-formed racemes.
This genus differs from Di/sopliijlla in the greater irregularity
of the corolla ; and from the olher, Menlhoidece, in the unilo-
cular anthers, and slight declination of the stamens.
§ 1. Panicula't^;. Florvers paniculately branched, ex Benth.
1 P. panicula'tum (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 30.
lab. p. 153.) stem erect, downy, with erect pili ; leaves une-
qually ovate, deeply serrated, narrowed at the base ; whorls
globose, secund, remote, racemose ; racemes terminal ; bracteas
broad-ovate, membranous, exceeding the calyxes ; calyx mem-
branous, pubescent, with lanceolate teeth ; filaments bearded.
y.. S. Native of the East Indies ; as of Malabar and Tavoy,
in humid places. Elsholtzia paniculata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 59.
Hyssopus cristatus. Lam. diet. 3. p. 187. Manam podam,
Rheed. mal. 10. p. 129. t. 65. Leaves 3 inches long. Whorls
distinct. Corollas slender.
Panicled Pogostemon. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 P. PLECTRANTHOiDES (Desf. aun. mus. 2. p. 154. t. C.
Benth. lab. p. 153.) clothed with hoary pubescence ; stem
erect ; leaves ovate, cuneated, or rounded at the base, doubly
serrated ; flowers sub-secund, glomerately spicate ; spikes ovate-
cylindrical, pedunculate, panicled ; bracteas broad-ovate, stri-
ated, glandularly dotted, exceeding the calyxes ; calyx mem-
branous, hairy, glandularly dotted, with broad-lanceolate, acute
teeth; filaments bearded. %. S. Native of the East Indies,
in humid places ; as of Hindostan, Nipaul, and Kamaon, Wall. ;
towards Deyra Dhoon, Roxb. ; Kheeree pass, Royle ; Java, at
the foot of Mount Gede, Blume ; and of the Mauritius, Herb.
D. C. Sims, bot. mag. t. 3238. Origanum Bengalense, Burm.
fl. ind. p. 128. t. 38. f. 1. bad. Mentha seciinda, Roxb. liort.
beng. p. 44. Wensea pyramidata, Wendl. coll. 2. p. 26. t. 84.
Branches bluntly tetragonal. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Whorls
densely glomerate. Bracteas and calyxes coloured at top, vil-
lous. Genitals twice as long as the corolla. Corolla white. ?
Plectranthus-like Pogostemon. Fl. July. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3
feet.
3 P. viLLosuM (Benth. lab. p. 153.) villous; stem erectish ;
leaves ovate, rounded at the base, narrowed into the petioles,
crenated ; flowers sub-secund, glomerately spicate ; spikelets
cylindrical, nearly sessile, panicled ; bracteas ovate, striated,
pubescent, equalling the calyxes ; calyx villous, with lanceolate,
acute teeth; filaments bearded. 1^. S. Native of Silliet,
Wall. Leaves about half the size of those of the preceding.
Panicle denser, and narrower, raceme-formed. Corolla smaller.
Var. ft, macropliyllum (Benth. lab. p. 154.) leaves twice as
large as those of the species, less deeply and bluntly toothed.
l/.S.
Villous Pogostemon. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 P. PARviFLORUM (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 31.
lab. p. 154.) stem ascending, finely pubescent ; leaves smooth-
ish, ovate-oblong, narrowed at the base, doubly crenated ; flow-
ers sub-secund, glomerately spicate ; spikelets nearly sessile,
racemose ; racemes axillary, and terminal ; bracteas ovate, stri-
ated, pubescent, exceeding the flowers ; calyx villous, mem-
branous, with narrow-lanceolate teeth ; filaments bearded. 1/ .
S. Native of Silliet, Wall. Stem procumbent at the base, at
length glabrous. Leaves 3-4 inches long, on short petioles.
Panicle raceme-formed, more slender than in P. plectrantholdes.
Whorls, calyxes, and flowers one-half smaller. A variety of
this was gathered by Jacquemont, at Saharumpur, with glabrous
leaves, and villous panicles.
Small-Jlowercd Pogostemon. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 1
5 P. GLA^BRUM (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 31. lab. p.
154.) quite glabrous; stem erect; leaves ovate, narrowed at
the base, crenated ; whorls nearly equal, globose, spicate ;
spikes panicled ; bracteas ovate, 3 times shorter than the calyx ;
calyx glabrous, with ovate-lanceolate teeth ; filaments bearded.
©. S. Native of Nipaul, Wall. Perilla polystachya, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 115. Habit of P. plectrani/wides, but differs
in being glabrous in all its parts, &c. Stem tetragonal.
Glabrous Pogostemon. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 P. TUBERCULOsuM (Beutli. 1. c.) pubcscent from short, stel-
late pili, which rise from tubercles ; stem erect ; leaves ovate,
narrowed at the base, doubly serrated, tuberculately wrinkled
on both surfaces ; whorls equal, globose, remote, racemose ;
racemes panicled ; bracteas minute ; calyx tubercular, with
subulate teeth ; filaments bearded. ©. ? S. Native of Nipaul,
Wall. Differs from P. glabrum in being tubercular. Floivers
nearly sessile.
Tubercled Pogostemon. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
7 P. Heyne.\'num (Benth. I. c.) stem ascending, pubescent ;
leaves nearly glabrous, ovate, narrowed at the base, irregularly
crenated ; whorls sub-secund, interruptedly spiked ; spikes
panicled; bracteas ovate, almost nerveless, about equal in length
to the calyxes ; calyx pubescent, with ovate teeth ; filaments
liearded. ©. ? S. Native of the Peninsula of India, Java,
Ceylon, in boggy places. Origanum I'ndicum, Roth. nov. spec,
p. 265. Cottam, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 153. t. 77. Differs from
the preceding in the whorls being nearly all distinct. Corollas
like those of P. parvijlbrum.
Heync's Pogostemon. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
§ 2. Racemos.e. Racemes simple, somervliat spicate, ex
Benth.
8 P. vesti'tum (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with tomentose wool ;
stem ascending ; leaves ovate, crenated, subcordate at the base,
wrinkled, clothed with soft tomentum : upper floral leaves shorter
than the calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls secund, approx-
imate; bracteas linear-subulate; calyx villous, with lanceolate
teeth; filaments bearded. >• . ? S. Native of the Peninsula
712
LABIATvE. XVIII. Pogostemon. XIX. Dysophylla.
of India, Heyne. Stems woody at the base. Raceme 2-3
inches long.
Clothed Pogostemon. PI. ascending.
9 P. rotunda'tum (Benth. 1. c.) villous ; stem ascending ;
leaves roundish, doubly crenated, truncate at the base or cor-
date ; upper floral leaves shorter than the calyxes ; racemes
simple ; whorls equal, rather remote ; bracteas linear-subulate ;
calyx villous, with lanceolate teeth ; filaments bearded. ©. ?
S. Native of the peninsula of India, Heyne. Stem procum-
bent at the base. Raceme 2-3 inches long. Corolla small.
Roundish-\ea\ eA Pogostemon. PI. 1 foot.
10 P. MOLLE (Benth. lab. p. 155.) clothed with soft villous
tomentum ; stem ascending ; leaves broad-ovate, crenated, round-
edly cuneated at the base : floral ones rather longer than the
calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls equal : lower ones remote :
upper ones aj)proximate ; bi acteas linear-subulate ; calyx vil-
lous, with lanceolate-subulate teeth ; filaments bearded. ©. ?
S. Native of the peninsula of India, among the mountains of
Madura, Wight. Stem more branched than that of P. rolundi-
fblium ; and the leaves more numerous, and not lialf the
size, &c.
Soft Pogostemon. PI. I to 2 feet. ?
IIP. hirsu'tum (Benth. lab. p. 155.) hairy from adpressed
pili ; stem ascending; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, ser-
rated, rounded at the base ; upper floral leaves shorter than the
calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls equal, distinct ; bracteas
linear-subulate ; calyx hispid, with lanceolate, acute teeth ; fila-
ments shortly exserted, bearded. 0. ? S. Native of Ceylon,
Macrae. Racemes 2-3 inciies long. Corollas small. Filaments
densely bearded with purplish hairs.
Hairy Pogostemon. PL 1 to 2 feet. ?
12 P. rupe'stre (Bentii. lab. p. 15C.) glabrous ; stem creep-
ing ; branches ascending ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate,
coarsely-toothed, narrowed at the base : floral ones and brac-
teas minute ; racemes simple ; whorls remote, few-flowered ;
calyx glabrous, with ovate, short teeth; filaments bearded. %.
S. Native of Ceylon, among rocks at Nuera Ellia, Macrae.
Leaves 1 to Ig inch long. Corollas minute.
Roclc Pogostemon. Pi. creeping, 1 foot. ?
13 P. sPEciosuM (Benth. 1. c.) plant pilosely hispid; stem
erect ; leaves broad-ovate, cordate at the base, doubly cre-
nated ; racemes simple ; whorls terete, loose, approximate ;
bracteas minute : calyx nearly glabrous, tubular, with subulate
teeth; filaments naked. ©. ? S. Native of the peninsula of
India, among the mountains of Madura, Wight. This diflfers
from the following, in the leaves being larger and broader,
and cordate at the base ; also in the spikes being dense, and
in the genitals being much exserted.
Showy Pogostemon. PI. 1 to 3 feet. ?
14 P. Wi'ghtii (Benth. lab. p. 156.) plant pilosely hispid;
stem erect?; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, doubly toothed or
cut, roundly cuneated at the base ; racemes simple ; whorls
equal, approxirnate, or the lower ones are remote ; bracteas
linear-subulate ; calyx glabrous, with lanceolate-setaceous, his-
pid teeth; filaments naked. 0.?S. Native of the peninsula
of India, among the mountains of Madura. Leaves like those
of Lainium. Corollas minute. Filaments glabrous, or finely
pubescent.
Wight's Pogostemon. PI. ?
15 P. menthoi'des (Blum, bijdr. p. 825.) stem herbaceous;
leaves ovate, acutish at both ends, doubly toothed above the
base, pubescent ; spike terminal, elongated, simple : whorls
approximate; filaments naked. ©. ? S. Native of Java, in
humid woods on Mount Gede.
Mint-like Pogostemon. PI. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Elsholtzia, p. 714.
XIX. DYSOPHY'LLA (from cvao(i,ic, dysodes, fetid ; and
(j)vXKov, plujllon, a leaf; probably in reference to the offensive
smell of the leaves.) Blum, bijdr. p. 826. Benth. lab. p. 156.
— Chotekia, Opiz. et Corda, in hot. zeit. 1830. 1. p. 33. —
Mentha species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gynuiospermia. Calyx ovate, equal,
5-toothed ; throat naked inside. Corolla with an inclosed tube,
and a nearly equal, quadrifid limb : upper lobe entire or emar-
ginate : lower one spreading a little. Stamens 4, exserted,
straight or hardly declinate ; filaments bearded in the middle ;
anthers terminal, 1 -celled, dehiscing by a transverse chink.
Style somewhat equally bifid at top : lobes subulate ; stigmas
minute, terminal. — Herbs, with opposite or verticillate leaves.
Whorls many-flowered, densely approximate, or imbricate into
termin.al spikes. This genus differs principally from Pogostemon
in the more regular corolla.
§ I. Oppositif6li;e.- Leaves opposite.
1 D. sTRiGOSA (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 30. lab.
p. 157.) clothed with strigose, adpressed hairs; stem erect;
leaves opposite, nearly sessile, lanceolate-ovate, coarsely ser-
rated : floral ones lanceolate, shorter than the flowers ; spikes
thick, rather loose ; calyx ovate, hairy, with subulate, erect
teeth. 1/ . ? S. Native of Silhet, Wall. Leaves H inch long.
Spikes somewhat interrupted, 3-4 inches long. Corolla some-
what irregular. Intermediate between Pogodemon and Dysso-
phylla.
Strigose Dysophylla. PI. ]| foot.
2 D. myosuroi'des (Benth. I. c.) clothed with silky tomen-
tum ; stem erect ; leaves opposite, on short petioles : floral
ones ovate, minute ; spikes dense ; calyx tomentose, with short
straight teeth. !{.. ? S. Native of the peninsula of India.
Mentha myosuroides. Roth, nov. spec. p. 257. Leaves irregu-
larly suhcrenated. Corollas very minute.
Mouse-tail-like Dysophylla. PL 5 to 1 foot.
3 D. abricula'ria (Blum, bijdr. p. 826.) clothed with soft
spreading hairs ; stems procumbent ; leaves opposite, nearly
sessile, ovate-oblong, coarsely serrated : floral ones ovate-lan-
ceolate, about equal in lengtii to the flowers ; spikes very
dense ; calyx villous, with ovate teeth, which connive after flo-
rescence. 1/. S. Native of the East Indies, in the peninsula
and islands of the Indian Archipelago, in ditches and bogs;
Ceylon, Bengal, Penang, Bournou, Amboyna, and Moluccas.
Mentha auriculciria, Lin. mant. p. 81. Mentha fcoHida, Burm.
ind. p. 126. M.ajana foe'tida, Rumph. amb. 6. p. 41. t. 16.
f. 2.
Auricled Dysophylla. PL procumbent.
§ 2. Verticilla'TjE. Leaves verticillate.
4 D. crucia'ta (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with soft spreading
hairs ; stems elongated, procumbent, nearly simple ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, rarely 5 or C, lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire, with re-
volute margins : floral ones lanceolate, about equal in length to
the flowers ; spikes dense; lower whorl distinct ; calyx villous,
with bluntish erectish teeth. 1/. S. Native of Nipaul. Mentha
quadrifolia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 113. but not of Roxb.
Corollas purple.
Cruciate-]e&\eA Dysophylla. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1820.
PL procumbent.
5 D. quadrifolia (Benth. 1. c.) clothed with tomentose villi ;
stem erect ; leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic-linear, quite entire, or
remotely serrated, narrowed at both ends : floral ones linear,
shorter than the whorls ; spikes elongated, rather interrupted
at the base ; calyx ovate, with narrow-lanceolate, acute, erect
teeth. ■:!;. S. Native of the East Indies, in stagnant water
LABIATE. XIX. Dysopiiylla. XX. Elsholtzia.
713
about Calcutta, Circars, Tavoy, &c. Mentlia quadrifolia, Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 4-1. but not of D. Don. Chotekia serieea, Opiz.
et Corda, in bot. zeit. 1830. 1. p. 35.
Var. ji, veluilna (Benth. lab. p. 158.) leaves nerved, narrow-
ed into the petioles at the base. 1/ . S. Native of the Pundua
mountains. Leaves 1-3 inches long.
Four-leaved Dysophylla. PI. 2 feet.
6 D. verticilla'ta (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous ; stem erect or
ascending ; branches and leaves 6-10 in a whorl ; leaves long-
linear, narrowed at both ends ; spikes very dense ; teeth of
fructiferous calyx ovate, spreading in a stellate manner. %. S.
Native of Bengal, Silhet, Cochinchina, in water ; frequent in
bogs in Goulburn Island, and on the north coast of New Hol-
land. Mentha stellata, Lour. coch. p. 3(51. Mentha verticil-
lata, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 44. Leaves 2-3 inches long, re-
motely serrated. Corollas minute, purple.
J'erticillate Dysophylla. PI. 1 to l^foot.
7 D. crassicau'lis (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous ; stem ascending,
branched ; leaves 4 in a whorl, sometimes 5 or 6, lanceolate-
linear, dilated at the base, almost quite entire : floral ones lan-
ceolate, exceeding the flowers ; spikes elongated ; calyx pubes-
cent, with oblong, erectish teeth. 1/ . S. Native of Silhet and
Bengal. This species is intermediate between D. verticiltata
and D. medM. Leaves 2 inches long, and more.
Thick-stemmed DysophyWa.. PI. 1 to Is foot.
8 D. pu'mila (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous ; stem ascending,
branched ; leaves 4 in a whorl : lower ones usually 6, elliptic-
linear, narrowed at both ends, remotely serrated : floral ones
ovate ; calyx villous, campanulate, inflated in the fructiferous
state, with bluntish, erectish teeth, i;. S. Native of Nipaul,
Wall. ; Cashmere, Jacquemont. Mentha piimila, Graham, in
edinb. phil. journ. 1828. p. 393. Mentha verticillata, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 114. Hook, in bot. mag. 2907. but not of
Roxb. Herb aquatic, like the rest. Corollas purple.
Z)n/a)/ Dysophylla. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. PI. i foot.
9 D. stella'ta (Benth. 1. c.) glabrous or pubescent at top ;
stem creeping ; branches erect, nearly simple ; leaves 6-8 in a
whorl, narrow-linear, about equal in length to the internodes,
quite entire : floral ones subulate ; calyx villous, ovate, with
erect, acutish teeth. %. S. Native of Malabar and Mysore.
Mentha stellata, Hamilt. mss. but not of Lour. Mentha qua-
ternifolia, Roth, nov. spec. p. 256. ? — A small plant, with the
habit of Galium verum. Spikes dense, villous, 1-3 inches long.
Corollas small, purple: upper tooth emarginate.
Starry-leayeA Dysophylla. PI. \ lo \ foot.
Cult. Most of the species would grow well in the open air
in summer, if planted in a cistern or pond ; but in winter, they
\vill require the protection of a greenhouse or stove ; they are
readily increased by separating the shoots.
XX. ELSHO'LTZIA (named after J. S. Elsholtz, a Prussian
botanist.) Willd. in Uster. mag. 2. p. 5. t. 1. spec. 3. p. 29.
Benth. lab. p. 160. Mentha species, Roxb. and other authors.
Perilla species, D. Don. Aphanochilus, Benth. in bot. reg. 1 5.
Cyclostegia, Benth. 1. c.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate or cam-
panulate, nearly equal, 5-toothed ; throat naked inside, often
elongated in the fructiferous state. Corolla having the tube
equal in length to the calyx, rarely longer : limb mostly 4-lobed :
upper lobe erectish, somewhat concave, emarginate : lower ones
spreading. Stamens 4, usually exserted, distant : lower ones
rather the longest ; filaments naked ; cells of anthers diverging
or divaricate, at length confluent. Style almost equally bifid
at top : lobes subulate ; stigmas nearly terminal. Achenia
ovoid, small, smoothish — Herbs or subshrubs. Flowers minute.
Whorls many-flowered, disposed into spikes, which are sorae-
VOL. IV.
times loose, slender, terete or secund, and sometimes densely
imbricated. Spikes usually numerous, panicled.
Sect. I. Aphanociii'lus (from ai^ai-f/c, aithanes, obscure ; and
XttXoc, cheilos, a lip.) Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 28.
t. 24. lab. p. 161. Spikes usually loose and panicled, equal,
with ovate or lanceolate flor;d leaves ; or somewhat secund,
densely imbricated by lanceolate or subulate floral leaves. Cells
of anthers diverging or divaricate, at length confluent.
1 E. fla'va (Benth. lab. p. 161.) sufTruticose, erect ; leaves
petiolate, ample, broad-ovate, acuminated, nerved : floral ones
bractea-formed, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, about equal in
length to the caly.xes ; spikes loose, terete, axillary and termi-
nal ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. fj . G. Na-
tive of Nipaul, on Sheopore, and towards Gosainsthan, Wall. ;
at Kidarkonta, Royle. Aphanochilus flavus, Benth. in Wall,
pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 28. t. 34. Plant clothed with canescent
pubescence. Leaves a hand long. Corollas yellow.
YelloTV-fiov-ered Elsholtzia. Shrub 2 feet.
2 E. polysta'chya (Benth. lab. p. 161.) suffluticose, erect ;
branches pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblong, narrowed at both
ends, nerved : floral ones bractea-formed, minute ; spikes loose,
terete, panicled ; corolla about 3 times longer than the calyx,
fj . G. Native of Nipaul, on the high mountains of Sheopore
and Chandaghiri, Wall. ; Mussooree, Royle. Perilla fruticosa,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 115. Aphanochilus polystachya,
Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 28. t. 33. Mentha fruticosa,
Roxb. Plant pubescent, but not canescent. Leaves crenated
in the upper part, 3-4 inches long, and 1| broad.
Many-spiked Elsholtzia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
3 E. Stauntonii (Benth. lab. p. 161.) suffruticose, erect;
branches glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, serrately crenated, narrowed a long way at the base,
quite glabrous on both surfaces ; floral leaves bractea-formed,
minute ; spikes elongated, canescent, somewhat panicled ;
whorls rather loose, secund ; corollas about twice as long as
the hoary calyx. Ij . G. Native of China, between Pekin
and Jehol, Sir G. Staunton. This species differs from E. ])oly-
stachya, in the branches being quite glabrous, in the leaves
being narrower, &c. Stamens much exserted.
Staunton s Elsholtzia. Shrub.
4 E. leptosta'chya (Benth. lab. p. 718.) sufl!ruticose, erect;
leaves nearly sessile, ovate, narrowed at both ends : floral ones
bractea-formed, membranous, oblong, equalling the calyxes ;
spikes slender, elongated, interrupted ; flowers minute ; corollas
twice as long as the calyx. '^. G. Native of Cashmere,
Jacquemont. This differs from E. 'polystachya, in the leaves
being one half shorter, and in the flowers. Whorls all dis-
tinct, small, dense. Spikes canescent, 2-3 inches long.
Slendei-spiked Elsholtzia. Shrub.
5 E. bla'nda (Benth. lab. p. 162.) plant herbaceous, canes-
cent ; leaves oblong, narrowed at both ends : floral ones lan-
ceolate-subulate ; whorls loose, secund ; spikes panicled ; co-
rolla hardly exceeding the calyx. %. G. Native of Nipaul,
Silhet, and Ava, Wall. ; and of Arabia, on Mount Horeb.
Mentha blanda, Wall. mss. Perilla elata, D. Don, prod. fl.
nep. p. 115. Aphanochilus blandus, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar.
asiat. 1. p. 29. Hook. bot. mag. 3091. Leaves about 2 inches,
remotely serrated, canescent beneath. Corollas whitish. Odour
of plant weak, but aromatic.
^^Mi/i Elsholtzia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 E. iNCi'sA (Benth. lab. p. 162.) herbaceous, nearly gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, rhomboid-ovate, deeply serrated ;
whorls equal, loose ; spikes panicled ; corollas hardly exceed-
ing the calyxes. %. G. Native of the East Indies, in Deyra
4 Y
714
LABIATE. XX. Elsholtzia. XXI. Tetradenia.
Dhoon, Royle ; Nipaul, and of Ava, at Taong-Dong, Wall,
Mentha incisa, and M. foe'tens, Wall. mss. Mentha blanda,
D. C. pi. rar. hort. gen. p. 23. t. 8. Penlla leptostachya, D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 115. Hyptis stachyoides, Link, enum. 2.
p. 106. Aphanochilus, foe'tens, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1.
p. 30. Allied to E. hUinda, but more humble. Leaves 1 to I5
inch long. Calyx pubescent. Corollas minute, white.
CuMeaved Elsholtzia. Fl. Sept. Clt. ? PI. \ to 1 foot. ?
7 E. pube'scens (Benth. lab. p. 162.) herbaceous; stem to-
mentosely pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-oblong,
acute, crenately serrated, quite entire at the base, nearly gla-
brous above, and clothed with fine tomentum beneath ; whorls
equal, dense ; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx. % . S.
Native of Java, Commerson. Leaves glandularly dotted be-
neath. Lower whorls distinct. Axis of spike hispid. Calyx
villous. Two of the stamens exserted.
Downy Elsholtzia. PI. ?
8 E. MOLLi'ssiMA (Benth. lab. p. 163.) herbaceous, clothed
with tomentose villi ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-oblong,
acute, crenated, roundish at the base or narrowed ; whorls
equal, dense ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. % . S.
Native of Java, Leschenault. Calyx villous. Corollas and sta-
mens as in E. pubescens.
Very-soft Elsholtzia. PI.
9 E. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 714.) herbaceous, pubes-
cent ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-linear or lanceolate, ob-
tuse, quite entire : floral ones bractea-formed, ovate, shorter
than the flowers ; whorls interruptedly spicate. % . G. Na-
tive of China, Sir G. Staunton. Habit of E. pubescens and
E. molUssima. Lower whorls distant. Calyx pubescent.
Corollas small.
Entire-leaved Elsholtzia. PI.
10 E. PILOSA (Benth. lab. p. 163.) herbaceous, pilosely his-
pid ; leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate : floral ones
bractea-formed, subulate, imbricate, exceeding the flowers ;
whorls densely imbricate; spikes hispid, panicled. ©. H.
Native of Nipaul. Aphanochilus pilosus, Benth. in Wall. pi.
rar. asiat. 1 . p. 30. — An annual procumbent herb. Leaves
obtuse, crenated. Corollas minute.
Pilose Elsholtzia. PI. procumbent.
HE. eriosta'chya (Benth. lab. p. 163.) herbaceous, pubes-
cent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate : floral ones
bractea-formed, ovate, shorter than the flowers; whorls densely
imbricate ; spikes tomentose, panicled. 1/ . ? G. Native of
Nipaul and Buddrinath, Wall. Habit almost oi E. sirobUifera.
Leaves serrately crenated, villous above and tomentose beneath.
Calyx clothed with woolly tomentum. Corolla exceeding the
calyx, yellow.
Woolly-spiked Elsholtzia. PI. 1 foot.
12 E. de'nsa (Benth. lab. p. 714.) herbaceous, pubescent;
leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate : floral ones bractea-formed,
ovate-roundish, shorter than the flowers ; whorls dense, imbri-
cate ; spikes tomentosely villous ; fructiferous calyx inflated,
globose. 1/ . ? G. Native of the north of India, in gravelly
places at Ovelia, Rici, and Yonnedeh-Seursing, Jacquemont. —
Very nearly allied to E. eriostachya, but less villous ; leaves
narrower and longer ; spikes densely woolly, and the fructi-
ferous calyxes double the size. Corollas purple.
Z)enic-flowered Elsholtzia. PI.
13 E. pusi'lla (Benth. lab. p. 714.) small, nearly simple, and
almost glabrous ; stem filiform ; leaves ovate, quite entire ;
flowers few, subcapitate. 7^. ? G. Native of Cashmere, in
high grassy places beyond the Kioubrong, Jacquemont. Calyx
pubescent. Corolla yellow, about twice as long as the calyx.
Stamens inclosed, the two superior ones small or abortive.
Least Elsholtzia, PI. i foot.
Sect. II. Cycloste'gia (from kvkXoc, cyklos, a circle; and
oTtyoc, siegos, a covering ; in reference to the cup-shaped floral
leaves.) Benth. lab. p. 163. Cyclostegia, Benth. in. bot. reg.
vol. 15. Spikes densely imbricate. Floral leaves connate,
membranous, veiny, imbricate, cup-shaped, with ciliated mar-
gins. Anthers ovate, with confluent cells.
14 E. strobili'fera (Benth. lab. p. 163.) herbaceous ; leaves
petiolate, ovate : floral ones connate, cup-shaped, membranous,
veiny, with ciliated edges ; spikes imbricate, terminal, some-
what panicled. •J^.? S. Native of the mountains of Nipaul,
and at Gosainsthan, Wall. ; Kidarkonta, Royle. Cyclostegia
strobili'fera, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 30. exclusive of
the syn. of Rumph. — Herb glabrous or hairy at the base and at
the axils. Spikes cylindrical. Flowers inclosed in the floral
leaves. Odour gratefully aromatic.
Strobile-bearing Elsholtzia. PI. g to 1 foot.
Sect. III. Elsholtzia (see genus for derivation.) Benth.
lab. p. 164. Elsholtzia, Willd. spec. 3. p. 29. Spikes dense,
and are, as well as the floral leaves, secund. Anthers linear,
with divaricate cells.
15 E. crista'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 29. and in Uster. mag. 2.
p. 5. t. 1.) herbaceous, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate
or oblong, narrowed at both ends : floral ones broad-ovate,
acute, ciliated, secund ; whorls approximate, secund ; spikes
panicled. ©. H. Native throughout Asia, and also the south
of Europe, but probably migrated from Asia ; of Siberia, about
Lake Baical, and the Altaian mountains. Sims, bot. mag.
2560. Lam. ill. t. 502. f. 1. Mentha ovata, Cav. icon. 4. p.
36. t. 360, f, 1. Mentha Patrinii, Lepech. in nov. act. petrop.
1. p. 336. t. 8. Hyssopus ocymifolius. Lam. diet. 3. p. 187.
Hyssopus bracteatus, Gmel. An erect branched herb. Floral
leaves exceeding the flowers. Calyxes ciliately hairy. Brac-
teas minute, linear. Corollas pale purple, minute. Odour of
plant aromatic.
Crested-Rowered Elsholtzia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1789.
PI. 1 to 11 foot.
Cult. All the species are of easy culture, and will grow well
in any rich light soil. The shrubby kinds are readily increased
by cuttings : the perennial herbaceous species by division or by
cuttings ; and in summer they will all thrive in the open border ;
but in winter they require protection. The seeds of annual kinds
only require to be sown in open borders, like those of other
hardy annuals.
XXI. TETRADFNIA (from rtrpa, tetra, four ; and a^n",
aden, a gland ; there are 4 glands on the disk or receptacle of
the achenia.) Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 164. but not
of Nees in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 57.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia, Calyx campanu-
late, 5 -toothed : upper tooth the broadest : throat naked inside.
Corolla with an inclosed tube, and a campanulate 5-cleft limb :
lobes ovate, nearly equal. Stamens 4, equal, erect, distant ;
cells of anthers confluent, with reflexed valvules. Style shortly
bifid at apex. Lobes of ovarium hidden by the 4 glands of the
disk. — A shrub, with tetragonal branches, clothed with hoary or
rufous tomentum. Leaves petiolate, oblong, crenated, rounded
at the base, green above. Whorls 6-10-flowered, spicate.
Spikelets numerous, racemosely panicled ; panicle much branch-
ed, dense. Flowers minute, sessile. Glands red, 3 times as
long as the ovaria.
1 T. FRUTicosA (Benth. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Madagas-
car, Hels. et Bojer. Mentha fruticosa, Helsing and Bojer.
mss.
LABIATE. XXII. CoLEBRooKiA. XXIII. Perilla. XXIV. Isanthus. XXV. Preslia.
715
Shriihbij Tetradenia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Eriope, p. 708.
XXII. COLEBROO-KIA (named in honour of Henry
Thomas Colebrooke, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., an accomphshed
botanist.) Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 111. Benth. lab. p. 1C5.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Gijmnospermia. Calyx campanu-
late, equal, 5-parted, plumose, pappous at maturity, adhering
to the achenia. Corolla with the tube equalling the calyx : the
limb very short, nearly equal, 4-clert : upper lobe emarginate.
Stamens 4, equal, distant ; filaments very short; anthers nearly
sessile, 2-celled : cells parallel. Disc of ovarium equal, gland-
less. Style deeply bifid : lobes subulate, stigmatiferous in the
upper part. — Shrubs, densely clothed with whitish or subrufous
woolly tomentum. Leaves petiolate, 4-6 inches long, oblong-
elliptic, crenulated ; lower floral leaves similar, but smaller :
upper ones bractea-formed, imbricate before florescence. Spike-
lets 1-3 inches long, pedunculate, panicled. Cymes of whorls
distinct, head-formed, dense, sessile, involucrated by bracteas
which are connate at the base. Flowers small, white. Corolla
tubular, contracted in the middle.
1 C. opposiTiFOLiA (Smith,
exot. bot. 2. p. 111. t. 115.) FIG. 75.
branches, leaves, and spikes
opposite. ^2 . S. Native of
Nipaul and Kamaon. Els-
holtzia oppositifolia, Poir.
suppl. 5. p. 063. (fig. 75.)
Opposite-leaved Colebrookia.
Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
2 C. ternifolia (Roxb. co-
rom. 3. p. 40. t. 245.) branches,
leaves, and spikes, 3 in a whorl.
Ij . S. Native of the East In-
dies, among the Carnatic moun-
tains, Roxb. Leaves more to-
mentose, and on shorter peti-
oles than the first species, and
the spikelets are more dense.
Tern-leaved Colebrookia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Eriope, p. 70S.
XXIII. PERI'LLA (meaning unknown to us.) Lin. gen.
578. Benth. lab. p. 166.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymriospermia. Calyx campanulate,
nearly equal at the time of florescence, 5-cleft, nutant after
florescence, and bilabiate : upper lip dilated, trifid : middle
tooth the smallest : lower lip bifid ; throat naked inside. Co-
rolla almost equalling the calyx, nearly equal ; limb shortly 5-
cleft. Stamens 4, nearly equal, distant, erect, equalling the
corolla ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel, at length diverging, or
sub-divaricate. Style deeply bifid ; stigmas terminal. Achenia
dry, smooth. — An herb, with the inflorescence almost of the
genus Moschosma, and with the flowers disposed in axillary and
terminal secund spikes.
1 P. ocymoIdes (Lin. gen. 578. Sims, bot. mag. 2395.) 0.
H. Native of Silhet, Kamaon, Nipaul, and Ava. O'cymum
frutescens, Lin. spec. p. 832. Melissa maxima, Arduin. spec.
2. p. 28. t. 13. Mentha perilloides. Lam. diet. 4. p. 112. but
not of Lin. Stem pilose, bluntly tetragonal. Leaves petiolate,
2-4 inches long, ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated, cuneated
at the base, or narrowed into the petioles, green on both sur-
faces, pilose on the veins. Racemes shorter than the leaves.
Corolla minute, white.
Basil-like PeriUa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1770. PI. I to 3
feet.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the open ground, where the plant
will thrive without any further care.
XXIV. ISA'NTHUS (from laog, isos, equal ; and aiOoc,
anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the corolla being regular, not
bilabiate.) Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 3. Benth. lab. p. 106.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnosperviia. Calyx campanulate,
equal, 10-nerved, deeply 5-toothed ; throat naked inside. Co-
rolla hardly exceeding the calyx, with a short, straight tube,
and a campanulate limb : lobes 5, equal, roundish, spreading.
Stamens 4, nearly equal, distant, erect, about equal in length to
the corolla ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel, or at length diverg-
ing. Style shortly bifid at apex : lobes subulate ; stigmas
terminal. Achenia dry, obovate, reticulated, lacunosely wrink-
led.— A herb with the habit and inflorescence of Satureia
hortensis.
1 I. cjeru'leus (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 4. t. 30.) ©.
H. Native of North America, in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and
Virginia, Nutt. ; Carolina and Kentucky, Michx. ; at St. Louis,
Drummond. Trichostemabrachiata,Lin. spec. 834. Plant erect,
branched, rather viscid ; branches pubescent, or pilose. Leaves
on short petioles, oblong-elliptic, narrowed at both ends, with
quite entire, or sub-sinuated edges, 3-nerved, green on both
surfaces, glabrous, but usually pubescent, or pilose. Peduncles
solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, usually
bibracteate under the calyx. Corollas like those of Mentha,
pale blue.
Sfoe-flowered Isanthus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. |
to 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds should be sown in spring in a peat border,
where the plants will flower and produce seed if the summer
prove warm.
XXV. PRE'SLI A (named in honour of C. B. and J. S. Presl.
of Prague, brothers ; authors of " Flora Sicula, Dilicias Pragen-
sis, &-C.") Opiz. in bot. zeit. 1824. 1. p. 322. Benth. lab. p.
107. but not of Mart.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospcrmia. Calyx ovate, equal,
4-toothed ; teeth awned ; throat rather villous inside. Corolla
equal, with an inclosed tube, and a 4-parted limb ; lobes equal,
entire. Stamens 4, equal, distant, erect ; filaments glabrous ;
anthers 2-celled : cells parallel. Style bifid at top ; lobes nearly
equal, bearing the stigmas at apex. Achenia oblong, smooth,
dry. — A bog herb, with the habit of Satureia, and the inflores-
cence of Mentha verticillaia,
1 P. Cervi'na (Fresen. in syll, pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 238.)
H. H. Native of Middle and South Europe, in bogs and
ditches; as of the South of France, Spain, and Portugal. Mentha
cervina, Lin. spec. 807. Mentha punctata, Mcench. Pulegium
cervinum. Mill. diet. no. 3. Pulegium angustifolium, Riv.
mon. irr. t. 23. f. 2. Preslia glabriflora, Opiz, in bot. zeit.
1824. 1. p. 323. Preslia villiflora, Opiz, 1. c. Herb prostrate,
glabrous. Leaves sessile, linear, or linear-lanceolate, obtuse,
quite entire, green on both surfaces, dotted, somewhat fascicled
in the axils. Whorls many-flowered, dense, distant, rather
shorter than the floral leaves. Corollas pale purplish, about
twice as long as the calyxes.
(S/an- Preslia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1684. PI. prostrate.
Cull. This plant will grow freely in most soils, and is readily
increased by division. It requires a little protection in severe
frost.
4 Y 2
716
LABIATiE. XXVI. Mentha.
XXVI. ME'NTHA (Mentha of Pliny. Uudr,, Minthe, of
Theoplirastus. From a nymph of that name, daughter of Cocy-
tus, fahled to have been changed into mint by Proserpine in a
fit of jealousy.) Lin. gen. no. 713. Schreb. gen. no. 967.
Juss. gen. p. 113. ed. Usteri, p. 127. Tourn. inst. t. 89.
Benth. lab. p. 168.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanulate,
or tubular, 5-toothed, equal, or sub-bilabiate; throat naked, or
villous inside. Corolla with an inclosed tube, and a campanu-
late, nearly equal, 4-cleft limb : upper segment broader, and
nearly entire, or emarginate. Stamens 4, equal, erect, distant ;
filaments glabrous, naked ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel.
Style shortly bifid ; segments bearing the stigmas at apex.
Achenia dry, smooth. — Herbs. Whorls usually many-flow-
ered, sometimes all remote in the axils of the leaves, sometimes
approximate into terminal spikes, with the superior floral leaves
bractea-fornied. — The- European mints, as is generally the case
with plants which are very common in highly civilized and long
cultivated countries, especially aquatic plants, vary much in
appearance ; and the repeated attempts by different authors
in different countries to reduce these inconstant and ephemeral
variations to so many species, have thrown so much confusion
into this difficult genus that it is now almost impossible to clear
up the chaos thus produced, ex Benth.
* Throat of corolla naked inside.
1 M. lavandula'cea (Willd. enum. p. 609.) canescent ;
leaves sessile, lanceolate-linear, quite entire, clothed with hoary
tomentum on both surfaces ; spike dense ; calyxes clothed with
white tomentum. %.Vi. Native of Spain ; on Mount Sinai,
Bov6 ; and of the Cape of Good Hope. M. lavandulasfolia,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 119. Stem erect, branched. Leaves 1| to 2
inches long. Spikes solitary, conical at first, but at length
somewhat interrupted at the base. Bracteas subulate. Corollas
purple. ? Whorls many-flowered.
Zauenrfer-like Mint. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
2 M, inca'na (Willd. enum. p. 609.) stem humble, panicled ;
leaves nearly sessile, ovate-cordate, a little toothed, clothed with
hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; spikes numerous, short ;
calyxes clothed with villous tomentum. 1/. H. Native of
Greece, and probably of Persia and Arabia. M. spicata, Forsk.
in herb. Vahl. M. Cretica, and M. Persica, Hortul. Stems
ascending. Spikes hardly an inch long, panicled. Whorls
8-flowered. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, downy outside,
purple. ?
Hoary Wmi. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. i foot.
3 M. TOMENTosA (D' Urv. mem. soc. Lin. par. 1. p. 323. but
not of Borkh.) canescent ; stem erect, or ascending, tall ; leaves
sessile, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, irregularly serrated, some-
what reflexed, plicate, undulately curled, clothed with white
tomentum on both surfaces ; spikes elongated, cylindrical, inter-
rupted at the base, somewhat panicled ; calyx clothed with
tomentose pubescence. 2/ . H. Native of Crete, Syria ; Greece,
at fountains in the Island of Scyra, D'Urville ; Persia, near
Teheran. Stems erect, rarely procumbent at the base, or as-
cending. Leaves roundish, or cordate at the base. Spikes
numerous, 3-4 inches long, or more. Whorls distinct, many-
flowered. Bracteas subulate. Corolla purple, ? downy outside.
Fertile stamens exserted.
Tomentose Mint. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 M. SALi'ciNA (Burch. cat. geo. pi. afr. austr. 1372. Benth.
lab. p. 1 70.) canescent ; stem erect ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate-
linear, almost entire, nearly glabrous above, and hoary beneath ;
spikes cylindrical. % . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. Capensis, Thunb. prod. p. 95. ? Leaves size and form of
those of M. lavandulacea, but are nearly glabrous above.
Willon>y-\edL\tA. Mentha. PI.
5 M. RoYLEANA (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar, asiat. 1. p. 29.)
plant clothed with white tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
oblong, unequally serrated ; spikes elongated, slender, inter-
rupted at the base. 1^. H. Native of Deyra Dhoon, Royle ;
and at Simlah. Habit of M. sylvestris, var. hispida. Whorls
distinct, numerous, small, globose : lower ones remote. Flow-
ers minute, nearly sessile. Corollas small, whitish. Fertile
stamens about equal in length to the corolla.
Royle s Mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 M. sylve'stris (Lin. spec. 804.) stem erect ; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, pubescent above, or tomen-
tose, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; spikes dense,
or interrupted at the base, conically cylindrical ; calyx clothed
with villous tomentum. If. . H. Native throughout Europe,
North of Asia, and Canary Islands, in ditches and boggy
places common. Spikes usually dense, obtuse, but in some of
the varieties interrupted at the base. Corolla purplish, pubes-
cent outside. Fertile stamens exserted.
Var. a, moH'issima (Benth. lab. p. .171.) leaves clothed with
soft white tomentum on both surfaces. h . H. Native of
Greece, Dalmatia, Spain, Canary Island, Cashmere ; also of
England, and Germany, but rare. M. moUissima, Borkh, M.
incana, Sole herb. Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 23. M. canes-
cens, Roth, catalect. 2. p. 46. M. Chalepensis, Mill. diet,
no. 10.
Var. (i, candicans (Benth. lab. p. 171.) leaves clothed with
short, hoary tomentum on both surfaces. If . H. Native in
the same countries and places with var. a. M. candicans,
Crantz. austr. p. 330. M. pallida, Nees. M. sylvestris can-
dicans, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 28. t. 982. M. sylvestris al-
bida, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 28. t. 983.
J'ar. 7, glabrata (Benth. lab. p. 171.) leaves almost gla-
brous above, pubescent and rather hoary beneath. % . H.
Native of Britain, South of Sweden, Denmark, throughout
Germany, France, Portugal, Italy, Spain, Sicily, Greece, Eu-
ropean Russia, Tauria, Caucasus, Siberia, Cape of Good Hope,
Teneriffe, &c. M. Rosani, Tenore, fl. nap. append. 5. p. 18.
syll. p. 281. M. Eisenstadtiana, Nees.
Var. i, mdgaris (Benth. 1. c.) leaves pubescent above, rather
wrinkled, clothed with soft white tomentum beneath. If. H.
Native in the same countries and places with var. y. M. can-
dicans, Mill. diet. M. villosa. Sole, menth. brit. t. 1. & 2. M.
sylvestris, a. Smith, in Lin. trans. 5. p. 179. engl. bot. t. 686.
bad. M. gratissima, Willd. spec. 3. p. 75. M. Niliaca, Willd.
spec. 3. p. 7C. but not of Vahl. M. longifolia, Huds. angl. p.
221. M. tomentdsa, Borkh. M. hybrida, Schleich. pi. exsic.
cent. 1. no. 55. ? M. reflexifolia, Opiz, in bot. zeit. 1824. 2.
p. 525. M. suavis, Hoffm. ? ex Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 23.
but not of Juss. M. Wierzbeckiana, Opiz, 1. c. ? M. ob-
longa, Opiz, 1. c. M. Ratisbonensis, Opiz, 1. c.
i'ar. e, nemordsa (Benth. lab. p. 171.) leaves ovate-oblong,
green and pubescent above, and clothed with loose, white
tomentum beneath. If.. H. Native of Catalonia, Italy, and
probably of Germany; Ceylon, Macrae; Brazil, St. Hilaire.
M. nemorosa, Willd. spec. 3. p. 75. M. sylvestris, Sole, menth.
brit. t. 3. Oed. fl. dan. 484. M. sylvestris, c. Smith, engl. fl.
3. p. 73. M. rotundifolia. Sole, menth. brit. t. 4. ? but not of
Lin. M. Niliaca, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 46. t. 87. but not of
Vahl. M. serotina, Tenore, fl. nep. t. 156. syll. p. 281. M.
hirta. Beck. fl. fr. 220. ex Fresen. syll. pi. ratisb. 229. and pro-
bably of Willd. M. dumetorum, Schultes, ? ex Rchb. fl. germ.
LABIATiE. XXVI. Mentha.
717
exc. p. 310. M. gratissima, Wigg. prim. fl. hols. 43. ex Roth,
tent. fl. germ. 2. pt. 2. p. 6. M. sapida, Tausch. ? ex Rchb. fl.
germ. exc. p. 310. M. Hallferi, Grael. fl. bad. 2. p. 594. ? ex
Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 310. M. sylvestris, nemorosa, Rchb.
icon. bot. 10. p. 28. t. 984.
Far. Z, urticcefolia ; stem divaricately branched ; spikes
slender, interrupted; whorls few-flowered, distinct. 1/. H.
Native of Naples. M. urticaefolia, Tenor, fl. nap. t. 157. syll.
p. 283. ? M. origanoides, Tenor, fl. nap. prod. app. 5. p. 19.
syll. p. 284.
Far. 7], crisjia (Benth. lab. p. 172.) leaves undulately curled,
profoundly toothed, rather rugose, clothed with white tomentum
beneath. If.. H. Native of many parts of Europe, and in
gardens. M. undulata, Willd. enum. p. 608. Nees. pi. med.
with a figure. M. velutina, Lejeune. M. dulcissima, Dumort
florul. belg. p. 48.? M. crispa, Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p. 29.
Rivin. men. t. 50. M. serotina, Tenore, syll. p. 281.? M.
foliosa, Opiz, ex Fresen. syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 220. M. to-
mentosa, Hoppe, et Hornseh. ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 310.
M. Lamarkii, Tenore, fl. nep. prod, append. 5. p. 19. syll. fl.
nap. p. 282. exclusive of the syn. of Schrad. M. emarginata,
Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 27. t. 979. M. undulata, Rchb. icon,
bot. 10. p. 27. t. 980.
Wild, or Horse Mint. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
7 M. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 825.) stem erect ; leaves
sessile, ovate-roundish, crenated, wrinkled, pubescently hairy
above, and clothed with loose white wool beneath ; spikes dense,
conically cylindrical ; calyxes hairy. 1/. H. Native through-
out Europe, Africa in the region of the Mediterranean, and of
Siberia, among rubbish by way sides, and in ditches ; also of
Madeira and North America, in like situations, but probably
escaped from gardens ; plentiful in some parts of Britain,
Smith, engl. bot. 7. t. 446. M. macrostachya, Tenore, fl. nep.
2. p. 30. t. 56. syll. p. 282. M. neglecta, Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p.
379. t. 157. f. 1. ex syll. 281. M. fragrans, Presl. del. prag.
78. ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 88. M. rugosa, Lam. fl. fr. 2.
p. 420. Roth, catal. 2. p. 65. ex Fresen. syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2.
p. 230. M. suaveolens, Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 149. ex Fresen. 1.
c. Stem panicled by a few branches at top. Leaves usually
obtuse, roundish cordate at the base. Corollas whitish. Sterile
stamens exserted.
Round-leaved Mint. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
8 M. prate'nsis (Sole, menth. brit. t. 17.) leaves nearly ses-
sile, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, serrated, glabrous, or finely
pubescent, as well as the erect stem : floral leaves similar, but
smaller : superior ones broad-lanceolate, about twice as long as
the whorls ; whorls all remote, globose ; pedicels glabrous ;
calyx campanulate, with hairy teeth. %. H. Native of the
North of Europe ? ; in England in ditches and watery places,
but hardly spontaneous. Sole ; Sweden, in cultivated places,
apparently wild. M. rilbra, Huds. angl. ex Fries, nov. fl. suec.
ed. 2d. p. 179. but not of Smith. M. gentilis. Sole, menth.
brit. t. 15. Smith, engl. bot. 7. t. 449. M. gracilis, y. Smith,
in Lin. trans. 5. p. 210. Stem purplish red, with short, erect
branches, glabrous, or furnished with a few spreading hairs.
Cauline leaves deep green, or reddish, glabrous above, but paler
beneath, with a few hairs on the veins. Whorls dense. Co-
rolla purplish, glabrous, or pubescent outside. Stamens all
inclosed. Style exserted.
Meadow Mint. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 M. suaVis (Guss. pi. rar. p. 387. t. 66.) clothed with soft
pubescence, or villi ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, serrated,
rounded at the base, pale beneath, or hoary : floral leaves small,
lanceolate, or conforming to the lower cauline ones ; whorls
distinct : lower ones remote : upper ones disposed in a cylindri-
cal spike. 2/ . H. Native of the South of France, Italy, and
Sicily. M. puhescens, Willd. enum. p. 008. '! M. divaricata.
Lag. ? M. balsamea, Willd. enum. p. 608. ? M. hirta, Willd.
enum. ]. c. Link, enum. 2. p. 105. M. pubescens, Rchb.
icon. bot. 10. p. 27. t. 978. M. glomerulata, Jan. M. Langii,
Geiger, pharm. bot. 1832. and Nees, pi. med. with a figure.
Leaves more or less canescent beneath. Stem usually decum-
bent at the base, branched ; branches ascending, rarely erectish.
Leaves like those of M. Piperita, but soft : upper ones exceeding
the whorls. Corolla red, hardly exceeding the calyx. Stamens
inclosed. Style exserted.
Sweet Mint. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1S04. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 M. viRTDis (Lin. spec. 804.) stem erect; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrated, and are, as well as
the stems, glabrous : floral ones all bractea-formed, rather longer
than the whorls, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy, or
glabrous ; spikes cylindrical, loose ; whorls approximate, or
the lower ones or all are distant, i;. H. Native of the tem-
perate parts of Europe, among rubbish ; in England and Scot-
land, France, &c. ; also at the Cape of Good Hope, and North
and South America, but probably has been carried thither from
Europe. Sole, menth. brit. t. 5. Nees, pi. med. with a figure.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 2424. Fl. dan. 1870. M. verticillata,
Feuill. chil. p. 42. t. 28. M. spicata, Crantz, austr. 328. M.
ocimiodora, Opiz. M. brevispicata, Lehm. sem. hort. hamb.
1828. M. balsamea, Rchb. fl.
germ. exc. p. 309. ? but not of FIG. 76.
Willd. M. IcEvigata, Willd.
enum. p. 609. N. Niltaca, "
Vahl, symb. 3. p. 75. M.
Pudlna, Hamilt. ex Benth. in
Wall. pi. rar. 1. p. 29. M.
tenuis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2.
p. 2. Stature, habit, and form
of leaves that of 71/. sylvestris,
but is easily distinguished from
that species by the stems and
leaves being constantly quite
glabrous. Spikes usually hairy,
but sometimes also glabrous.
Corollas purplish. There are
several species of Mint culti-
vated in gardens for culinary
purposes, but principally spear-
mint. The young leaves and tops of it are used in spring
salads, and form an ingredient in soups. They are also em-
ployed to give flavour to certain dishes, as peas, &c., being
boiled for a time, and then withdrawn, in the manner of garlic.
The leaves have a warm, roughish, bitter taste, and a strong, not
unpleasant smell. Their virtues are stomachic and carminitive.
The culture of spearmint is the same as that for peppermint,
which see. In order to have young leaves and tops all the
summer, cut down some advanced stalks every month, when
young shoots will be produced ; and to have dried balm for
winter, permit others to complete their growth, and come into
blossom. Dry the crop thus gathered in the shade, and after-
wards keep it in small bundles, (fig. 70.)
Far. /3, anguslifblia (Lag. ex Benth. lab. p. 174.) leaves nar-
row, il. H. M. tenuifblia, Opiz, ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p.
309. M. Lejeiinii, Opiz, ex Rchb. I. c. M. Michelii, Rchb.
icon. bot. 10. p. 27. t. 981.
Far. y, crispa (Benth. lab. p. 174.) leaves curled. 11 • H.
M. crispata, Schrad. ex Willd. enurn. 60S. Nees, pi. off. with
a figure. M. Harcynica, Rohl, deutch. fl. M. crispa. Roth,
tent. fl. germ. 1. p. 248. but not of Lin. M. cordifolia, Opiz,
718
LABIATE. XXVI. Mentha.
ex Fresen. in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 232. M. hortensis, Opiz,
in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 227.
Green Mint, or Spearmint. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Pi. 3
feet.
11 M. Piperita (Lin. spec. 805.) leaves petiolate, ovate-
oblong, acute, serrated, roundly crenated at the base, and are,
as well as the stems, glabrous ; spikes loose, obtuse, short,
interrupted at the base ; pedicels and calyxes glabrous at the
base, \vitli hispid teeth. %. H. Native of the North of
Europe, spontaneous ; and cultivated throughout Europe,
Egypt, Asia, North and South America. Smith, engl. bot. t.
687. Nees. pi. off with a figure. Woodv. med. bot. 169. —
Zorn. icon. t. 56.— Petiv. brit. t. 31. t. 10. — Ray. syn. t. 10. f.
2. M. piperita ofRcin^hs, Sole, menth. brit. t. 7. M. piperita
vulgaris, Sole, herb, but hardly of menth. brit. t. 8. M. gla-
brata, Vahl. synib. 3. p. 75. M. Kahirina, Forsk. fl. segypt.
M. balsamea, Willd. enuni. p. 608. ? Stem branched, reddish,
quite glabrous, or with a few spreading hairs. Petioles usually
ciliated. Spikes reddish. Calyxes purplish. Corolla purple,
or red. This species, the peppermint, is almost entirely for dis-
tillation, for which it is extensively cultivated in low, rich, soft,
marshy lands, especially such as can be irrigated or flooded. It
is sometimes also cultivated in gardens for its young green tops
and leaves, for the purposes of spearmint. The leaves have a
strong, rather agreeable smell, and a pungent, aromatic taste,
somewhat resembling that of pepper, and accompanied with a
peculiar sensation of coldness. Its predominant constituents
are essential oil and camphor, both of which rise in distillation,
and are combined in what is called oil of peppermint. Pepper-
mint is principally used as a carminitive and antispasmodic.
The distilled water is a domestic remedy for flatulent colic, and
the essential oil is often given with advantage in doses of a few
drops in cramps of the stomach.
Culture. All the species oi Mentha, as well as the present,
are raised by the same methods, viz. by parting the roots, by
offset young plants, and by cuttings of the stalks. By the
roots — This is performed in spring and autumn. Having some
full roots from any established beds, divide them as expedient,
and drawing drills, with a hoe about 2 inches deep and 6 inches
asunder, place the roots in the drills moderately close, and
earth them over to an equal depth. By offsets — In the spring
procure these from established plants, and dibble them in rows
6 inches asunder. By cuttings of the young stalks — In May,
June, or advanced summer, taking the opportunities of showery
weather, cut these into lengths of 5 or C inches, and plant the
cuttings by dibble, 6 inches apart, inserted half way into the
earth.
Subsequent Culture. Propagated in any of the above methods
the plants set in spring or summer will come into use the same
year. Water new plants till they take root. Keep them clean
from weeds. At the end of autumn cut away any remaining
stems, at which season, or in the spring, spread a little loose
earth thinly over the beds.
Taking the crcyp. " For culinary use or salads, gather both
when the young green tops are from one inch to 6 inches in
length, and in their advanced growth tljroughout the summer.
When nearly full grown in June, July, or August, or beginning
to flower, gather a store for winter, spread the heads thinly in
some dry place, shaded from the sun, to be well dried, then,
tied in bunches, house the store. When desired for distillation
let them attain full growth coming into flower, then cut and use
the heads immediately. Peppermint being principally used for
distillation, should stand in the ground until they begin to flower,
being then in the highest perfection. Cut in dry weather, and
tie the bundles, and carry under cover ready for immediate use.
Cut full grown stalks close to the bottom. It is best to cut as
soon as the dew is off in the morning, for in the afternoon, and
especially during bright sunshine, the odour of the plant is found
to be much diminished."
New Plantation. All the species continue by the roots many
years, but when the plants grow weakly make a fresh plantation
in time.
Forcing spearmint. Mint in a young green state may be
obtained all winter, and early in spring, by planting some roots
in a gentle hot-bed, or in pits, or shallow pans, to be plunged
therein. Plant the roots pretty thickly, and earth over an inch
and a half deep ; or some roots thus planted in pots or boxes
may be placed in a stove. Plant for succession every 3 weeks,
as forced roots soon decay.
Var. ji, ? siibhirsuta (Benth. lab. p. 176.) leaves hairy on the
nerves beneath, and on the petioles. %. H. Native of Eng-
land, in Norfolk, at a lake called Saha, Smith ; and near Bath,
Sole. M. hirsiita, S, Smith, herb. M. piperita sylvestris. Sole,
menth. brit. t. 24. M. hirta, Willd. enum. 608. ? M. pimen-
tum, Nees, ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 309.
Pepper Mint. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 M. citra'ta (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 150.) leaves petiolate,
ovate, broadly rounded at the base, or subcordate, and are, as
well as the stem, glabrous, or the petioles are ciliated ; whorls
few, approximate into an oblong head, or the lower one is loose
and remote; pedicels and calyxes glabrous. %. H. Native
of England, in watery places in Cheshire, North Wales, and
near Bedford, Smith, probably spontaneous. M. nigricans,
Mill. diet. no. 12. M. odorata. Sole, menth. brit. t. 9. Smith,
in Lin. trans. 5. p. 192. engl. bot. t. 1025. M. adspersa,
Mcench. menth. 379. ex Willd. spec. 3. p. 79. This is inter-
mediate between M. piperita and M. aquatica. Corollas red-
dish purple.
Bergamot Mint. Fl. July. Aug. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
13 M. aqua'tica (Lin. spec. p. 805.) stem beset with reflexed
hairs ; leaves petiolate, ovate-serrated, rounded at the base, or
sub-cordate, rather hispid on both surfaces, or villous ; lower
floral leaves like the others : upper ones bractea-formed ;
whorls few, all, or only 2 or 3 of the upper ones, disposed into
globose or oblong heads : upper terminal one often remote from
the lower ones ; calyxes tubular, and are, as well as the pedi-
cels, villous. %. H. Native of Europe, and Asiatic Russia,
very common in watery places and ditches ; and now occurs
almost in every part of the globe, but has probably migrated
from Europe. Sole, menth. brit. t. 10, 11. M. palustris, Mill,
diet. no. 11. M. hirsiita, Smith, in Lin. trans. 5. p. 193. engl.
bot. 7. p. 447. M. pedunculata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 119. Poir.
diet, suppl. 3. p. 663. M. pyramidalis, Tenore, fl. nap. p. 33.
t. 35. M. aciiti-serrata, Opiz, ex Fresen. in syll. pi. soc. ratisb.
2. p. 226. M. nigrescens, Weihe, ex Fresen. 1. c. M. bugu-
laefolia, Weihe, 1. c. M. brachiata, Weihe, 1. c. M. aurita,
Weihe, 1. c. M. origanoides, Lejeune, fl. spa. M. pubescens,
Willd. enum. 608. ? — Riv. mon. t. 49. Corollas purplish red.
The upper head of flowers is always terminal, while the stem of
M . arvensis is always indeterminate.
far. a, nemordsa (Fries, nov. fl. suec. ed. 2d. p. 183.) stem
and peduncles beset with short, reflexed hairs ; hairs of the
leaves few and scattered, of the calyx short and spreading ;
whorls few, all globosely capitate, or the lower one remote.
"U.. H. Native of Britain, Sweden, France, Portugal, Spain,
Germany, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Caucasus, Siberia, Azores,
Madeira, Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, and North America. M.
capitata, Opiz. M. intermedia. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 141. M.
purpiirea. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 141. M. citrata, Rchb. icon,
bot. 10. p. 26. t. 977. but hardly of Ehrh.
Var. ji, hirsiita (Willd. enum. p. 610.) more villous; whorls
as in var. a, but usually larger. 1^, H. Native of the same
LABIATiE. XXVI. Mentha.
719
countries as %-ar. «. M. liirsiita, Lin. mant. p. 81. Hook. fl.
lond. 5. t. 166. M. diibia, Vill. daupli. 2. p. 358. M. riparia,
Schreb. M. Weiheana, Opiz. M. nepetoides, Lejeune, fl.
spa. ? M. dumetorum, Schult. ? Origanum vuigare, Fl. dan.
t. 638.
far. y, crispa (Benth. lab. p. 177.) leaves plicately curled,
lacerately toothed, on short petioles ; inflorescence of the pre-
ceding. I/ . H. In gardens. M. crispa, Lin. spec. 805.
Nees, pi. off. with a figure.
Far. <?, subsjiidila (Benth. lab. p. 177.) villous ; whorls
numerous : upper ones subspicate : lower ones remote : floral
leaves almost all conforming to the cauline leaves. %. H.
Native of Britain, &c. M. hirsuta, var. t. Smith, engl. fl. 3. p.
79. M. piperita, y, Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 77. M. paludosa.
Sole, menth. brit. t. 22. M. palustris, Sole, menth. brit. t. 6.
bad. M. rivalis, Sole, in herb. M. ballotaefolia, Opiz. M.
subspicata, Weiiie. M. pyramidalis, Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p. 33.
t. 35. M. palustris plicata, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 26. t. 976.
Hater Mint. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
14 M. arve'nsis (Lin. spec. 806.) stem beset with retrograde
pili or villi, or nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate or ob-
long, rounded at the base, cuneated or narrowed : floral ones
all conforming to the cauline ones, exceeding the flowers : up-
permost ones almost sterile ; whorls all globose, many-flow-
ered, remote ; bracteas lanceolate-subulate, about equal in length
to the tubular or campanulate calyxes. T{.. H. Native of Eu-
rope, and North and Middle Asia, very common ; but very rare
in the region of the Mediterranean; in shady places by the sides
of ditches, in bogs and all moist soils ; plentiful in Britain. M.
gentilis, Lin. spec. p. 805. This is a very polymorphous plant.
Corollas red or purplish. Stamens sometimes exserted, but
usually inclosed.
far. a, saliva (Benth. lab. p. 178.) calyxes subcylindrical, and
are, as well as the pedicels, hairy ; leaves more or less villous.
1/ . H. M. rivalis. Sole, menth. brit. t. 20. M. sativa. Smith,
in Lin. trans. 5. p. 199. engl. bot. t. 448. M. hirsuta? verti-
cillata. Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 79. M. aqu^tica, III. sativa, Fre-
sen, in syll. bot. ratisb. 2. p. 235. M. aquatica, ft, verticill^ta.
Fries, nov. fl. suec. ed. 2d. p. 183. M. verticillata, Mill. diet,
no. 17. and of many other authors. M. acutifolia. Smith, in
Lin. trans. 5. p. 203. engl. bot. t. 2415, with narrower leaves.
M. palustris, Moench. meth. p. 380. ex Fries, 1. c. M. pilosa,
Spreng. pi. min. cogn. pug. 2. p. 69. ex Fries, 1. c. M. dubia,
Schreb. but not of Vill. M. crenata, Becker, fl. fr. 225. M.
villosa, Becker, 1. c. 223. ? M. origanifolia. Host, fl. austr. 2.
p. 142. M. tortuosa, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 142. M. maculata.
Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 143. M. serotina. Host, fl. austr. 2. p.
143. M. nemorosa. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 144. M. longifolia.
Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 144. M. latifolia, Host, fl. austr. 2. p.
145. M. elata, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 146, %vith the leaves more
villous and white, and rather woolly beneath. M. viridula.
Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 147. M. ovalifolia, Opiz. M. Speck-
moseriana, Opiz. M. caeriilea, Opiz. M. plicata, Opiz. ex
Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 307. M. arguta, Opiz. ex Rchb. M.
Rothii, Nees, ex Rchb. I. c. M. obtusita, Opiz. ex Rchb. 1. c.
M. melisssefolia, Lejeune, ex Rchb. 1. c. M. gentilis, Rchb.
icon. bot. 10. p. 26. t. 974.
Var. (3, Stnithii ; calyx subcylindrical, villous ; pedicels gla-
brous ; leaves very villous. 1/ . H. M. sativa, Smith,
herb.
Var. y, nilida ; calyx subcylindrical, villous ; pedicels gla-
brous ; stems and leaves almost glabrous. 1^. H. M. gen-
tilis, a and ft, Smith, in Lin. trans. 5. p. 208. M. aquatica,
suavif6lia. Fries, nov. fl. suec. ed. 2d. p. 184. M. sativa,
Becker, fl. fr. 223. M. nummularia, Schreb. fl. eil. M. Ba-
densis, Gmel. M. nitida, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 143. M. mon-
tana, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 145. M. sylvatica, Host, fl. austr,
2. p. 149. M. rotundata, Opiz, in bot zeit. 1824. 2. p. 525. ?
M. rubra ocymiodora, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 26. t. 975.
Far. c, rubra (Benth. lab. p. 179.) calyx cylindrical; pedi-
cels, stems, and leaves glabrous, reddish. %. H. M. rubra.
Smith, in Lin. trans. 5. p. 205. engl. bot. t. 1413.
Far. £, agrestis ; calyx carapanulaie ; pedicels rather villous ;
stem and leaves villous. 1/. H. M. gentilis, y, and M. arven-
sis, ft, Smith, herb. M. arvensis agrestis, and rivalis. Sole,
herb. M. laraiifolia, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 144. ? M. ocynioides,
Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 148.? M. piimila. Host, fl. austr. 2.
p. 150.
Far. ii, vulgaris (Benth. lab. p. 1 79.) calyx campanulate, vil-
lous ; pedicels glabrous ; stem and leaves villous. 1(.H. M.
arvensis, Sole, menth. brit. t. 12. Smith, in Lin. trans. 5. p.
213. engl. bot. t. 2119, and of many other authors. M. agres-
tis, Sole, menth. brit. t. 14. Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 87. engl. bot.
t. 2120. M. gentilis. Mill. diet. no. 15, and of many German
authors, M. Austriaca, Jacq. fl. austr. 5. p. 14. t. 430. All.
pedem. 1. p. 18. t. 75. f. 2, M. pilosa, Wallr. ann. bot. 75.
M. paWstris, Moench. metb. 380. ex Poir. suppl. 3. p. 662.
M. raelissEefolia, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 144, M. suaveolens,
Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 146. M. stachyoides. Host, fl. austr. 2.
p. 146. M. multiflora. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 147. M. tenui-
folia. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 147. M. Carinthiaca, Host, fl. auslr.
2. p. 149. M. divaricata, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 150. M. vari-
ans. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 150. M. prostrata. Host, 1. c. 2. p.
151. M. laxa, Host, 1. c. 2. p. 151. M. parviflora, Host, 1. c.
2. p. 152. M. polymorpha. Host, 1. c. 2. p. 152. M. diffusa,
Lejeune, fl. Spa. ex Fresen. syll. pi. ratisb. 2. M. parvifolia,
Opiz. ex Fresen. 1. c. M. villosa, Becker, fl. fr. M. procum-
bens, Thuill. fl. par. 288. M. intermedia, Nees, ex Rchb. fl.
germ. exc. p. 308. M. Dalmatica, Tausch. in syll. pi. ratisb.
2. p. 349. M. arvensis, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 24. t. 968.
M. arvensis lanceolata, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 24. t. 968. M.
arvensis, parisetariaefolia, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 25. t. 970.
M. arv6nsis agrestis, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 25. t. 971. M.
arvensis plicata, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 25. t. 972. M, acuti-
folia, Rchb. icon. bot. 10. p. 25. t. 973.
Far. 7], gracilis ; calyx campanulate, villous ; pedicels gla-
brous ; stem and leaves almost glabrous. %. H. M. gentilis.
Smith, in Lin. trans. 5. p. 208. engl. bot. t. 2118. M. gracilis.
Sole, menth. brit. t. 16. M. gracilis, a. Smith, in Lin. trans. 5,
p. 210. M. sativa. Sole, menth. brit. t. 21. M. variegata.
Sole, menth. brit. t. 19. M. pulchella. Host, fl. austr. 2. p.
148. M. Austriaca, Host, 1. c. 2. p. 150. but not of Jacq.
M. grata. Host, 1. c. 2. p. 152. M. atrovirens. Host, I. c. 2.
p, 152. M. resinosa, Opiz. M, parviflora, Schultes, ex Rchb,
fl, germ. exc. p. 307.
Far. 6, glabra (Benth. lab. p. 179.) calyx campanulate ; pe-
dicels, stem, and leaves quite glabrous. If.. H. M. glabra.
Sole, herb. M. proe'cox. Sole, menth. brit. t. 13. M. rubra.
Smith, herb. M. gentilis, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 241. and of
many other authors.
Far. (, crispa (Benth. lab. p. 180.) leaves undulately curled,
and lacerately toothed; calyxes and leaves glabrous. !<.. H.
M, sativa, Nees, pi. med. with a figure. M. crispa of many
authors.
Corn-field, or Wild Mint. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. |
to 2-3 feet.
15 M. Canade'nsis (Lin. spec. 806.) prostrate or ascending,
nearly glabrous, or densely clothed with spreading hairs ; leaves
petiolate, oblong-elliptic, narrowed a long way at both ends :
floral ones similar to the rest : upper ones lanceolate-linear,
almost sterile ; whorls all globose, many-flowered, remote ;
bracteas lanceolate-subulate, about equal in length to the calyxes,
1
720
LABIATE. XXVI. Mentha. XXVII. Lycopus.
which is tubularly campanulate. ]/ . H. Native of North
America, on the mountains, and on the banks of rivulets ;
North-west coast, Canada, near New York, Pennsylvania ; also
of China, Sir G. Staunton.
Jar. a, villosa (Benth. lab. p. 181.) plant densely hairy. 1^.
H. M. Canadensis of authors.
Far. ji, glahrata (Benth. lab. p. 161.) plant nearly glabrous.
%. H. M. borealis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 2.
Canadian Wml. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot.
16 M. Lapponica (Wahl. fl. lapp. p. IGl. t. 10.) stem beset
with retrograde asperities ; leaves petiolate, oblong, serrated,
narrowed at the base, glabrous : floral ones similar to the
others ; whorls all remote, few-flowered ; pedicels glabrous ;
calyxes rough, with obtuse teeth. 1(. H. Native of Lapland,
in humid sandy places at the river Kemen; also of Kamtschatka.
Very nearly allied to M. Canadensis, j3, glabrata. Corollas
rose-coloured. Stamens exserted.
Lapland Mint. Pi. 1 to 1| foot.
17 M. lanceola'ta (Benth. lab. p. 181.) stem clothed with
adpressed, reflexed hairs ; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated,
narrowed at the base into the petioles, roughish above and gla-
brous beneath : floral ones similar to the rest : upper ones
twice as long as the whorls ; whorls all remote, many-flower-
ed ; calyx tubular, clothed with adpressed villi, with acute
teeth. %. S. Native of Ceylon, Macrae. Stem a little
branched, tetragonal. Nearly allied to M. Canadensis.
Lanceolate-]eaved Mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
18 M. Dahu'rica (Fisch. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 181.) stem
erect, nearly simple ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate,
quite glabrous : floral ones similar to the others ; whorls few,
remote, loosely globose ; calyx tubular, nearly glabrous, with
obtuse teeth. 1/. H. Native of Dahuria. Lepechmia clino-
podifolia, Willd. hort. berol. under no. 21. Hormhium clino-
podifolia, Pers. encli. 2. p. 132. Stem tetragonal. Leaves
quite entire, or remotely serrated. Calyx villous inside. This
differs from all the European tubular-calyxed species, in the
calycine teeth being obtuse.
DahurianMint. Fl. July. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. | to 1 foot.?
* * Throat of calyx villous inside.
19 M. MOLLIS (Benth. lab. p. 182.) stem much branched,
twining ? pilosely woolly ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish,
acute, somewhat serrated, pubescent above, and clothed with
white tomentum beneath : floral ones similar ; whorls all re-
mote, globose, many-flowered ; calyx clothed with white hairs ;
throat villous inside. 1<1. S. Native of tropical America ; fre-
quent on elevated plains near Quito, Riobamba, Nuevo, and
Cuenca ; Peru, and near Santa Fe de Bogota. Bysteropogon
moUe, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 317. Leaves
about an inch long. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx.
Stamens inclosed. Style exserted.
Soft Mint. PI. twining.?
20 M. Pule'gium (Lin. spec. p. 807.) stem much branched,
prostrate ; leaves petiolate, ovate ; whorls all remote, globose,
many-flowered ; calyx hispid, bilabiate : throat villous inside.
7/ . H. Native throughout Europe, in ditches and bogs, and
other humid places ; as in England, Sweden, France, Germany,
Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece ; also of Caucasus, near Lenko-
ran, and about Valparaiso ; also of North America. Sole, menth.
brit. t. 23. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1026. Nees, pi. med. with a
figure. Woodv. med. bot. t. 171. M. exigua, Lin. spec. 806.
Smith, icon. ined. t. 38. Pulegium latifolium, Bauh. pin. 222.
Pulegium erectum. Mill. diet. no. 2. Pulegium vulgare. Mill,
diet. no. 1. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 49. — Riv. mon. t. 23. f. 1.
Stems and leaves glabrous, or finely pubescent. Corollas pale
purple. The name is derived from puler, a flea, because the
plant is supposed to drive away fleas by its smell.
Var. (i, tomenlosa ; stem and leaves densely villous. 11 . H.
Native of Portugal, Spain, about Montpelier, Sicily, Naples,
Algiers, South of Tauria, Teneriffe. M. tomentosa. Smith,
in Rees' cycl. M. tomentella, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1.
p. 73. M. Gibraltarica, Willd. enum. 611. M. pulegioides,
Rchb. Pulegium tomentellum, Presl. fl. sic. 36. Pennyroyal
is indigenous to places subject to inundations. It is used in
different branches of cookery, also for distilling Pennyroyal-
water. In its sensible qualities it is warm, pungent, and aro-
matic, somewhat similar to Spearmint, but less agreeable, and is
seldom used. The plant is said to thrive best in a strong clayey
moist soil.
Flea Mint, or Pennyroyal. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PI.
prostrate.
21 M. Requie'ni (Benth. lab. p. 182.) small, creeping, quite
glabrous ; branches filiform, ascending ; leaves petiolate, orbi-
cular ; whorls loosely few-flowered ; calyx globosely campanu-
late, quite glabrous, somewhat bilabiate : throat villous inside.
1/. H. Native of Corsica, Requien. Thymus parviflorus,
Req. in ann. sc. nat. Audibertia, Benth. Stem diffuse at the
base, much branched. Leaves almost quite entire. Flowers
2-6 in each whorl ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Corollas
and odour that of M. Pulegium.
Requien's Pennyroyal. PI. creeping.
-\ Species hardly known.
22 M. grave'olens (Presl, fl. sic. p. 56.) spikes panicled,
cylindrical ; flowers sessile ; calyx pubescent ; bracteas linear-
setaceous, twice as long as the calyxes ; stem erect, branched,
tomentose ; leaves cordate-oblong, mucronate, remotely ser-
rated, pubescent, clothed with greyish tomentum beneath. 1/ .
H. Native of Sicily. Perhaps referrible to M. piyramidalis.
Strong-scented Mint. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
23 M. angustifolia (Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 148.) whorls of
flowers approximate; leaves linear-lanceolate, fiat, hairy ; pedi-
cels hispid ; stamens shorter than the corolla. "H.. H. Native
of Austria, about Vienna, in humid parts of woods. Stem hum-
ble, purplish, roughish from bristles, simple or branched. Leaves
denticulated above the middle. Bracteas ciliated. Pedicels
hispid. Calyx campanulate, hairy. Corolla purplish, hairy
outside.
Narrow-leaved Mint. PI. humble.
24 M. Numi'dica (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 662.) leaves lanceolate,
somewhat serrated, glabrous, nerved, dotted beneath ; stem
erect, much branched ; whorls pedunculate, subcorymbose.
%. H. Native of the north of Africa, near the ruins of the
town of Tabrarca. Plant glabrous. Leaves petiolate. Corolla
rather hairy. Stamens exserted. Perhaps a species of Micro-
ineria.
Numidian Mint. PI.
25 M. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 826.) flowers capitate ;
leaves lanceolate, distantly serrated from the middle to the apex,
puberulous on both surfaces ; stem obversely hairy ; stamens
exserted. '^.. S. Native of Java, in humid places about
Buitenzorg, and in bogs near Tugu. Said by Blume to be
nearly allied to M. acutifblia. Perhaps the same as M. lanceo-
lata, or a var. of M. arvensis.
Java Mint. PI.
Cult. Most of the species delight in a moist soil ; but they
will also grow in a dry soil. Being all creeping rooted plants,
they are readily increased by slips of the roots.
XXVII. LYCOTUS (from \vkoq, lukos, a wolf; and ttovc,
2WUS, a foot ; so called probably from the form of the leaves.)
LABIAT/E. XXVII. Lycoi-us.
721
Tourn. inst. t. 89. Lin. gen. no. 36. Sclireb. gen. no. 44.
Jiiss. gen. !>. 111. cil. Ustcri, p. 124. Benth. lab. p. 18.5.
Lin. sy.st. Diiindiia, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, equal,
4-5-toothed: throat naked inside. Corolla Iiardly exceeding
the calyx, campanulate, equal, 4-cleft. Superior stamens want-
ing, or sterile, filiform, capitellate, shorter than the corolla :
lower 2 a little exserted, fertile, distant ; anthers 2-cellcd : cells
parallel, rather distinct. Style somewhat equally bifid at top ;
stigmas minute, terminal. Achenia dry, smooth, with thickened
callous edges, trigonal, truncate at apex, attenuated at the base.
— Coarse marsh or bog herbs. Leaves acutely toothed or pin-
natifid: floral ones similar to the rest, much exceeding the
flowers. Whorls dense, usually many-flowered, axillary. In-
terior bracteas minute : outer ones sometimes exceeding the
calyxes in the inferior whorls. Flowers small, sessile. This
genus is nearly allied to Mentha, but differs from it in the supe-
rior stamens being sterile or wanting, and in the achenia being
callously thickened on the margin.
1 L. Virgi'nicus (Lin. spec. p. 30.) nearly glabrous ; stem
stoloniferous at the base ; leaves oblong-elliptic, narrowed at
both ends, remotely toothed ; calyx 4-toothed : teeth ovate, ob-
tuse ; rudiments of sterile stamens wanting. If. H. Native of
North America, in humid places from New England to Caro-
lina, Michx. ; near St. Louis, and at the river Saskatchewan,
near Cumberland House Fort, Drummond. Root often tuber-
ous, creeping. Leaves 1-2 inches long, on short petioles, usu-
ally purplish beneath. Whorls small. Corolla a little longer
than the calyx, white.
Var. fi, paucifihrus (Benth. lab. p. 185.) 2/. H. Native at
Lake Mistassins, Src, Michx. L. uniflorus, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 14. L. pumilus, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 211.
Virginian Water-Horehound. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1760.
PI. 3 feet.
2 L. macrohiy'llus (Benth. lab. p. 185.) stem erect, firm,
bluntly tetragonal ; leaves large, petiolate, ovate, long-acumi-
nated, coarsely and sinuately toothed, narrowed at the base,
glabrous ; whorls many-flowered ; calyx irregularly 4-5-tooth-
ed : teeth ovate, obtuse ; rudiments of sterile stamens wanting ?
achenia equalling the calyx. }/ . H. Native of North- v\ est
America, at the straits of Juan de Fuca, Scouler. L. Virginicus,
ft, quercifolius, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 16.? Stem pubes-
cent. Leaves glabrous, 3-4 inches long. Corollas white.
Z,o«g-?ent'eti Water-Horehound. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1700.?
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
3 L. oBTusiFoLius (Michx. ex Vahl, enum. 1. p. 212. ?
Benth. lab. p. 185.) stem erect, firm, almost simple; leaves
sessile, oblong-elliptic, deeply serrated, roundly narrowed at the
base ; whorls many- flowered ; calyx irregularly 5-toothed ;
achenia hardly shorter than the calyx ; rudiments of sterile sta-
mens almost wanting. If. H. Native of North-west America, in
flats along the Red River, Douglas ; at the river Saskatchawan,
near Carlton House Fort, Drummond, Hudson's Bay, Michx.
Habit of L. Virginictis. Teeth of leaves acute or bluntish.
Corolla rather longer than the calyx, white. ?
Blunt-lcavcd Water-Horehound. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 L. EuROP.Wus (Lin. spec. p. 30.) stolons none; stem erect,
branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, sinuately toothed or
pinnatifid ; whorls many-flowered ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ;
rudim.ents of sterile stamens wanting ; achenia rather shorter
than the tube of the calyx. 1/ . H. Native throughout Eu-
rope and the north of Asia, in humid watery places by the sides
of ditches and rivers ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t.
1 105. Fl. dan. 1081. Svensk, bot. t. 262. Curt. lond. vol.
3. with a figure. L. vulgaris, Pers. ench. 1. p. 24. L. paliis-
tris. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 430. ill. t. 18. L. aquaticus, Meench.
— Petiv. brit. t. 32. f. 5. Root creeping. Stem acutely tetra-
VOL. IV.
gonal, glabrous, as well as the leaves. Corolla white, equalling
the calycine teeth, with a tinge of red. Cattle appear not to
touch this herb. It dyes black, and gives a permanent colour
to linen, wool, and silk. Gypsies are said to stain their skin
with it.
Var. ft, pubescens (Benth. lab. p. 186.) stem bluntly tetrago-
nal ; and are, as well as the more nerved leaves, pubescent, and
the calycine teeth are a little longer. 1/ . H. Native of Eng-
land.
European Water-Horehound. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI.
] to 4 feet.
5 L. rube'llus (Moench. suppl. p. 446. ex Wenderoth, in
syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 1. p. 88.) stolons creeping; stem erectish,
humble, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, narrowed at the
base, deeply toothed, pubescent ; calyx S-toothed : teeth
lanceolate, acute ; rudiments of sterile stamens wanting. 1/ .
H. Native of Virginia, Wenderoth. This species differs
from L. Enropceus in the stolons being long and leafy, and in
the stem being hardly half a foot high.
Reddish Water-Horehound. PI. i to 1 foot.
6 L. sinua'tus (Elliott, car. 1. p. 187.) stem erect, acutely
tetragonal, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate,
narrowed at both ends: lower ones pinnatifid: middle ones
sinuately toothed : upper ones linear, almost quite entire ;
whorls many-flowered; calyx 5-toothed, acute; rudiments of
sterile stamens capitate; achenia shorter than the tube. 11. H.
Native of North America, in watery places common, from the
river Saskatchawan to Canada, Virginia, &c. L. Europae'us,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 16. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 14.
but not of Lin. L. bracteatus, Muhl. ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. p.
55. L. Americanus, Muhl. ex Bart. fl. phil. 1. p. 12. Stolons
not seen. Stem glabrous, acutely tetragonal. Leaves very
variable, glabrous. Corollas white.
Far. a, dissectus (Benth. lab. p. 187.) leaves usually pinna-
tifid. If. H. Native principally of the northern region of
North America. L. exaltatus, Elliott, bot. car. 1. p. 187. but
not of Lin. L. heterophyllus, Rafin, med. fl. 2. p. 28.
Var. ft, vulgaris (Benth. lab. p. 187.) leaves generally sinu-
ated. 1/. H. Native of the middle region of North America,
L. sinuatus, Elliott, bot. car. 1. p. 187. L. vulgiiris, Nutt.
gen. amer. 1. p. 15.
Var. y, angiistifulius (Benth. lab. p. 187.) leaves for the most
part linear, and almost quite entire. If. H. Native of the
southern region of North America. L. angustifolius, Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 15. L. longifolius, Rafin. med. fl. 2. p. 28. L.
Pennsylvanicus, Muhl. ex Rafin. 1. c. L. pauciflorus, Rafin.
1. c. ?
Si7iuated-]ea\ei\ Water-Horehound. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 L. Austua'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 500. Benth. lab. p. 716.)
stem erect, quite glabrous, or hispid from a few pili ; leaves
almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, sharply
toothed, quite glabrous above or on both surfaces, shining or
pubescent beneath ; whorls many-flowered ; calyx 5-toothed :
teeth, as well as the bracteas, very acute ; rudiments of sterile
stamens capitate ; achenia shorter than the tube of the calyx.
If . H. Native of Eastern Siberia ; China ; New South Wales,
at Port Jackson ; and on the south coast of New Holland ; also
of Van Diemen's Land. L. Europae'us, y, argCitus, Benth. lab.
p. 186. L. lucidus, Turcz. mss. This species differs from L.
EuropcEus besides habit, in the rudiments of sterile stamens
being present; and it is also very nearly allied to L. sinuatus;
but diflfers in habit, almost sessile leaves, and in the calyxes and
bracteas being very acute.
Southern Water-Horehound. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
4Z
722
LABIATiE. XXVII. Lycopus. XXVIII. Meriandra. XXIX. Salvia.
8 L. exalta'tus (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 87.) stem erect, branched,
tall ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, pinnatifiJ ; whorls many-
flowered ; calyx acutely 5-tootbed ; rudiments of sterile sta-
mens capitate ; achenia about equal in length to the calycine
teeth, ■y.. H. Native of the east of Europe, and Middle
Asia ; as of Hungary, Siberia, Himalaya, Bithynia, Italy,
France, &c., in humid or watery places. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
grsec. t. 12. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 64. but not of the more re-
cent authors. L. pinnatifidus. Pall. fl. ross. 2. t. 1. Stem
acutely tetragonal, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves glabrous
or pubescent. Corollas white, smaller than those of L. Eu-
ropceus.
Exalted Water-Horehound. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
N.B. — What is L. inlermedius, Schrad. ?
Cult. Coarse marsh plants of easy culture, but of no beauty.
They will grow in any kind of soil, but prefer one moist ; and
are readily propagated by dividing at the root.
XXVIII. MERIA'NDRA (from juEptc, meris, a part ; and
avt]p avcpoc, aner andros, a male; in allusion to the superior
stamens being abortive, rarely one of them fertile.) Benth.
in hot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 188, Salvia species, Roth, and
Roxb.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx ovate, bilabiate :
upper lip concave, entire, or with 3 very short teeth : lower lip
bifid ; throat naked inside. Corolla having the tube equal in
length to the calyx ; and the limb equally 4-cleft ; lobes flat :
upper lobe entire or emarginate. The 2 lower stamens fertile,
erect, distant : the two superior ones usually abortive, rarely
with one or the other fertile, conformmg to the lower ones ; an-
thers 2-celled : cells separate, stipitate, equal, pendulous ; with
a short linear connective, which is articulated with the filament
at the middle, and erect on both sides. Style nearly equally
bifid at top. — Shrubs with racemose or spicately panicled flowers.
Habit of Salvia, but tlie form of the corolla and direction of
the stamens are that of Menthoidece ; and M. strohilifera is not
unlike Elshollzia in habit.
1 M. strobili'fera (Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 29.
lab. p. 188.) branches densely clothed with floccose tomentum ;
whorls spicate : lower ones rather remote ; floral leaves bractea-
formed, ovate-lanceolate, disposed in 4 rows. It . F. Native
of the East Indies, among the mountains, in the province of
Sirmore, Wall. ; Himalaya, at Syen, and below Simlah, Royle.
Leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, 2-4 inches Ion", ob-
tuse, crenulated, rather villous above, and woolly beneath :
floral ones entire. Flowers about the size of those of Elshollzia.
Odour ungrateful.
Strobile-bearing Meriandra. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 M. Benoale'nsis (Benth. 1. c.) stem nearly glabrous ;
branches canescent ; whorls remote, racemosely panicled. Ij .
S. Native of Bengal and Coromandel. It is cultivated in the
gardens of India, and used for the purposes of sage. It has also
been found in Abyssinia, where it is also probably a native.
Salvia Bengalensis, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 146. Salvia dianthera,
Roth. nov. spec. p. 18. Salvia Abyssinica, R. Br. append, to
Salt, abyss. Leaves very like those of Sdk-ia officinalis, 2-3
inches long, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenulated,
rounded or truncate at the base, green above and canescent be-
neath : floral ones small. Flowers about the size of those of
Thymus serpyllum. Taste and odour of leaves stronger than
that of sage, Roxb. The whole plant exhales an odour like
that of camphor when rubbed. Wall.
Bengal Meriandra. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see shrubby species of
Sdlvia, p. 723.
Tribe III.
MONA'RDE^E (the plants contained in this tribe agree with
the genus Monarda in the characters given below.) Benth. lab.
p. 1 90. Corolla bilabiate. The 2 superior stamens abortive,
or if fertile, bearing linear connate anthers. The 2 lower
stamens fertile, ascending ; anthers linear, sometimes with
opposite, confluent, contiguous cells, therefore apparently 1-
celled, sometimes dimidiate, free or connate behind ; connective
linear, articulated in the filament, bearing a fertile cell at top,
truncate behind, or usually drawn out, filiform and clavate, or
bearing another cell, which is sometimes difforraed and empty,
and sometimes fertile.
XXIX. SA'LVIA (from salvo, to save ; so called on account
of the healing qualities of sage.) Lin. gen. no. 39. Schreb.
gen. no. 50. Gaertn. fruct. t. 66. Tourn. inst. t. 83. Juss.
gen. p. 111. ed. Usteri, p. 125. Benth. lab. p. 190. Hormi-
num, Sclarea, and jEthiopis, Tourn. inst. and other authors.
Schraderia and Jiingia, Moench.- — Stenarrhena, D. Don, prod,
fl. nep Leonia, Llave and Lexarza, pi. mex.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx ovate, tubular, or
campanulate, bilabiate : upper lip entire or tridentate : lower
one bifid : throat naked inside. Corolla with an inclosed or ex-
serted tube, which is equal, ventricose, or widened, sometimes
furnished with a ring of hairs inside, sometimes naked, or some-
times furnished with 2 teeth or processes on the lower side at
the base : limb bilabiate : upper lip erect, rarely spreading,
straight or falcate, entire or emarginate : lower lip spreading,
shorter or longer, with the lateral lobes oblong or roundish,
spreading, reflexed, or twisted erectly, the middle lobe usually the
broadest, entire or emarginate. Rudiments of superior stamens
wanting, or small and club-shaped : lower 2 always fertile, in-
serted near the throat of the tube ; filaments short, horizontal,
rarely erect, articulated with the anther at top, and usually
drawn out beneath the articulation, rarely almost continuous.
Anthers dimidiate ; connective elongated, linear, articulated
transversely with the filament, ascending imder the upper lip of
the corolla, and bearing at the top a linear, adnate, or versatile
fertile cell, and deflexed or erect behind, and sometimes bear-
ing another smaller cell, which is either fertile or diffbrmed,
and empty ; free, but usually combined together, or connate in
various ways. Disk of ovarium glanduliferous in front. Style
ascending, bifid at top : lobes sometimes subulate, equal, or the
superior one is longest, and sometimes the lower one or both are
rounded, dilated, and flattened. Stigmas for the most part
minute, terminal, or in the larger part running along the lobes
of the style. Achenia ovoid-triquetrous, dry, glabrous, usually
very smooth. — This very extensive genus is very variable in
habit.
Sect. I. Eu'space (from ev, eu, well ; and afatcoe, sphakos,
sage; this section is supposed to contain the true species of the
genus.) Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 372. lab. p. 207.
Calyx campanulate : upper lip tridentate : lower one bifid :
teeth all acute, and hardly increasing at maturity. Tube of co-
rolla wide, a little exserted, furnished with a ring of hairs in-
side : upper lip erect ; lateral lobes of lower lip reflexedly
spreading : middle lobe broad, emarginately bifid, with the seg-
ments a little reflexed. Connective stretched out behind, bear-
ing a diflformed, empty, rarely somewhat polliniferous cell,
almost connected at the extremities. — Herbs, rarely shrubs,
natives of the region of the Mediterranean. Leaves entire or
pinnate.
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
r23
1 S. Cke'tica (Lin. spec. p. 33.) slirubby ; stem clothed with
white wool ; floriterous br.inches clothed with white pubescence ;
leaves petiolate, entire, oblong-linear, narrowed at the base,
wrinkled : lower ones clothed with white wool beneath : floral
leaves sessile : uppermost ones deciduous ; racemes a little
branched ; whorls many-flowered ; calyx membranaceous,
coloured, striated, pubescent, with subulately acuminate teeth ;
tube of corolla exserted ; connective very short behind, and
bearing an empty cell. ^ . H. Native of Candia. Schreb.
nov. act. nat. cur. 4'79. t. 3. D. C. pi. rar. hort. gen. not. 4. 9.
t. y. S. tenuifolia, Riv. mon. irr. 59. t. 128. S. ofl'icinillis,
var. angustifolia. Link. Corollas violet. Very nearly allied to
S. officinalis ; and differs principally in the very narrow leaves
and long petioles.
Cretan Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 17G0. Shrub 1 foot.
2 S. LAVANDUL^FOLiA (Vahl, euuni. 1. p. 222.) shrubby,
clothed w ith white tomentum ; leaves petiolate, entire, oblong-
lanceolate, narrowed at the base, wrinkled, clothed with white
tomentum on both surfaces ; floral leaves sessile : uppermost
ones deciduous ; calyx tubularly campanulate, membranaceously
coloured at apex, striated, pubescent : teeth all nearly equal,
subulately acuminated ; tube of corolla exserted ; connective
stretched out behind, bearing anthers at both ends, the hind cells
empty and connate. Tj . S. Native of Spain, on arid hills.
S. rosmarinifolia, Hortul. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 200.
S. teniiior, Desf. ex Rcem. et Schultes, mant. 1. p. 200. S.
Hispanorum, Lag. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. 1. Very nearly
allied to iS'. officinalis ; and differs principally in being canes-
cent ; in the leaves being narrower ; in the racemes being slen-
der ; in the whorls being loose and fewer-flowered ; and in the
calyxes being smaller, and hardly bilabiate. Corollas violet.
Lavender-leaved Sage. Shrub.
a S. officina'lis (Lin. spec, p. 34.) stem shrubby, clothed
with white tomentum ; floriferous branches clothed with tomen-
tose pubescence ; leaves petiolate, entire, oblong, narrowed or
roundish at the base, wrinkled : lower ones clothed with white
wool beneath : floral leaves sessile, ovate, acuminated, mem-
branous at the base, striated : racemes almost simple ; whorls
many-flowered, distinct ; calyx membranaceously coloured, stri-
ated, pubescent: teeth all subulately acuminated; tube of co-
rolla exserted ; connective stretched out behind, bearing anthers
at both ends : hind cells empty, connate, h . H. Native of the
south of Europe, in dry places ; as of Spain, south of France,
Piedmont, Naples, Dalmatia. Woodv. med. bot. t. 38.? S.
grandiflora, Tenore, fl. nap. prod, append. 5. p. 3. syll. p. 16.
but not of Ettling. S. chromatica, Hoff"m. naschtr. ? S. papil-
losa, HoffVn. naschtr. 1. p. 58.? S. Hispanica, &c., Besl. eyst.
ord. 8. fol. 1. f. 19. 2. Leaves 1 to Ig inch long : upper floral
ones coloured. Corolla downy outside, larger or smaller, pur-
ple, blue, or white. There are several varieties of this species ;
one with variegated leaves, another with narrow leaves, and a
third with small leaves, &c. The leaves of this and some
other species are used in stuffing and sauces for many kinds of
luscious and strong meats, as well as to improve the flavour of
various articles of cookery. The decoction called sage-tea is
usually made from one variety, the Small-leaved green, or Sage
of virtue ; but any of the other varieties are equally fit for this
purpose. Sage has a peculiar aromatic smell, and a warm aro-
matic taste, with some degree of bitterness and astringency. In
its eflTects, sage agrees with other aromatics. It is stimulant,
carminitive, and tonic. The best preparation for these purposes
is an infusion of the dried leaves, drunk as tea. With the addi-
tion of a little lemon-juice, it proves a useful diluting drink in
febrile disorders, being sufficiently agreeable to the palate.
Varieties are as follow: 1. The common or red. 2. The
green. 3. The small-leaved green, or Sage of Virtue. 4. The
broad-leaved, or balsamic. The red is the principal sort in culi-
nary use, having the most agreeable and fullest flavour : the
green is the next in estimation with the cook ; but the small-
leaved is generally preferred to those to eat as a raw herb, and
for decoctions ; while the broad-leaveJ or balsamic kind is
most efficacious in a medical way, and is also a tea herb. How-
ever, any of the sorts n)ay be occasionally used for those alter-
nate purposes.
Cult. All the varieties may be propagated by slips or cut-
tings of the young shoots taken from March to June ; but most
successfully in May and June, by detaching the young shoots of
the same year. The outward shoots are to be preferred : slip
or cut them off' 5 or 6 inches long, slipping oft^ the under leaves,
and preserving the top leaves, and water them. They will soon
take root freely, especially the young shoots planted in May and
June. In the advancing growth, if they spindle up into flower-
stalks, pinch or cut that part down ; that the plants may shoot
out full and stocky from the bottom in close bushy growth for use
the same year. In gathering sage for use, cut or slip off the
young side and top shoots neatly ; and be careful not to strip
too close, especially towards winter, and during that season. In
July, and the rest of the summer, it is usual to gather some of
the young top growth to dry for winter. Keep the plants in re-
gular bushy heads, by cutting away disorderly growths, and the
decayed flower-stalks in autumn. Keep them clear from weeds ;
and sometimes loosen the earth about the plants with a hoe,
garden trowel, or small spade, in spring and autumn. Make a
fresh plantation once in two, or three, or four years, or as may
be necessary by the plants becoming naked, stubby, and dwind-
ling.— Abercrombie.
Officinal or Common Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 S. crassifolia (Desf. arb. 1. p. 134. but not of Smith.)
stem shrubby, clothed with white wool ; floriferous branches
clothed with tomentose pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, ob-
tuse, somewhat cordate at the base, erosely crenated, wrinkled,
pubescent : those of the sterile blanches undulately curled, and
clothed with white wool on both surfaces : lower floral leaves
green : upper ones membranous, deciduous ; racemes simple ;
whorls many-flowered, distant ; calyx membranous, coloured,
striated, pubescent : teeth all lanceolate, acute ; tube of corolla
a little exserted ; connective stretched out behind, antheriferous
at both ends : hind cells empty, connate. "^ . H. Native of the
South of Europe. This is probably only a variety of S. offici-
nalis, differing in the shape and larger size of the leaves, &c.
Thick-leaved Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
5 S. grandiflora (Ettling, salv. no. 2.) stem shrubby, clothed
with white wool ; floriferous branches clothed with tomentose
pubescence ; leaves entire, petiolate, ovate, acute, broadly
rounded at the base, or cordate, wrinkled, pubescent : lower
ones woolly beneath : floral leaves herbaceous, or the upper
ones are membranaceous at the base, ovate, acute ; racemes
nearly simple; whorls G-lO-flowered, distinct; calyx mem-
branaceous, coloured, striated, hispid : teeth all acute ; tube of
corolla exserted ; connective stretched out behind, antheriferous
at both ends : hind cells empty, connate. ^ . H. Native of
Tauria, in stony, exposed places on the mountains, and of the
Levant. Jacq. fil. eel. fasc. 4. p. 55. t. 36. S. tomentosa.
Mill. diet. no. 2. S. officinalis. Pall. ind. taur. p. 134. but not
of Lin. S. major, &'c. Besl. eyst. ord. S. fol. 1. f. 11. Leaves
3-4 inches long, and U to 2 broad, green above, and canescent
beneath, pubescent on both surfaces, but not woolly. Corollas
large, blue.
4 z 2
724
LABIAT^E. XXIX. Salvia.
Var. (i, minor (Bentli. lab. p. 210.) plant more humble ; leaves
smaller, and more hoary, and always broadly roimded, or cordate
at the base.
Great-flowered Sage. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
6 S. coNFu'sA (Benth. lab. p. 210.) stem shrubby, rather
woolly at the base ; floriferous branches clothed with tomentose
pubescence ; leaves petiolate, usually interruptedly pinnate,
wrinkled, clothed with white wool beneath : terminal segment
large, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base, with 1-2 lateral
segments on each side, which are oblong-lanceolate, and rounded
at the base; floral leaves bractea-formed, deciduous ; racemes
elongated; whorls m:niy-flowered, remote ; calyx rather mem-
branous, coloured, striated, pubescent : teeth all subulately
acuminated ; tube of corolla exserted ; connective stretched out
behind, antheriferous at both ends : hind cells empty, connate.
Ij . H. Native of the South of Europe ; ? and occurs in
French gardens under the names of .S'. triloba, S. inlerriipla, and
S. officinalis Joins pintiatis. S. aurita, Schultes, obs. bot. p.
10. ? but not of Thunb. Corollas blue, or purple.
Confused Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
7 S. TRILOBA (Lin. fil. suppl. 88.) stem shrubby, and is, as
well as the branches, clothed with white wool ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, wrinkled, thick, clothed with white wool beneath,
cordate at the base, auriculated, or with 1 or 2 additional, round-
ish-ovate, small, distinct segments ; floral leaves membranous, de-
ciduous ; racemes short, somewhat panicled, clammy ; whorls 6-
10-flowered, distinct ; calyx tubularly campanulate, striated, vil-
lous, clammy : teetli all ovate, acutish ; tube of coi'olla exserted ;
coimective stretched out behind, antheriferous at both ends, the
hind cells empty, approximate, free, h . H. Native of the region
of the Mediterranean, on dry, exposed hills ; as of Sicily, Ca-
labria, Grecian Archipelago, Syria, &c. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
grsec. 1. p. 13. t. 17. S. subtrlloba, Schranck, in syll. pi. soc,
ratisb. 2. p. .58. ? S. Cliisii, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. p. 37. t.
195.? S. marrubioides, Vahl, enum. I. p. 223. a garden mon-
strosity, having the whorls axillary. S. baccifera, Ettling. salv.
p. 4. S. Sipylea, Lain. ill. gen. 1. p. 68. S. fruticosa. Mill,
diet. no. 5. S. auriculata. Mill. diet. no. 3. S. quinqueloba,
Riv. mon. irr. t. 131. Leaves 1 to H inches long, seldom
entire, but usually furnished with 1-2 segments at the base.
Calyx purplish. Corolla reddish violet, glabrous outside.
Three-lobed-leaved Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
8 S. iNTERRu'pTA (Schousb. bcob. mar. 7. 1. 1.) stem shrubby ;
branches clothed with clammy villi ; leaves petiolate, irregularly
pinnate, wrinkled, clothed with white tomentum beneath :
terminal segment large: the lateral ones 1-2 pairs, ovate-oblong,
rounded at the base, with other small, rounded segments be-
tween these ; floral leaves membranous, deciduous ; racemes
simple ; whorls about 6-flowered, remote ; calyx tubularly cam-
panulate, striated, clothed with clammy villi : teeth all acute ;
tube of corolla exserted ; connectives stretched out behind,
antheriferous at both ends, the hind cells empty, and rather con-
nate, (j . H. Native of the North of Africa, in the southern
provinces of Morocco. Jacq. fragm. 61. t. 90.? Sweet, fl.
gard. 2. t. 1G9. Hairs on the plant glanduliferous. Leaves
4-6 inches long, with the jjetioles ; segments cronulated. Ra-
ceme 1-2 feet long. Corolla showy, white, with a tinge of
blue : upper lip downy outside. This species occurs in gardens
under the names of S. rosafblia and S. piniieita.
Interrupted-leaved Sage. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1798. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
9 S. ri'ngens (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. 14. t. 18.)
branches clothed with clammy villi ; leaves petiolate, irregularly
pinnate ; segments unequal, ovate-oblong, rounded at the base,
villous on both surfaces, hardly canescent beneath : floral leaves
membranous, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls about 6-flow-
ered, loose, remote ; calyxes drooping, tubularly campanulate,
striated, clothed with clammy villi : teeth all acutish ; tube of
corolla exserted, recurvedly ascending, connective stretched out
behind, antheriferous at both ends, the hind cells empty, and
rather connate. fj . H. Native of Greece, on the declivities
of mountains frequent. Petioles ciliated. Leaves almost like
those of »S'. interrupta. Corollas blue.
Ringent-^owexeA Sage. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 S. pinna'ta (Lin, spec. p. 39.) stem herbaceous, erect,
pilose; leaves pinnate, with 3-4 pairs of petiolate, ovate, or
deeply crenated, wrinkled, villous leaflets ; racemes simple ;
whorls about 6-flovvered, remote ; floral leaves and bracteas
membranous, ovate, acuminated, shorter than the calyxes, de-
ciduous ; calyx urceolate, truncate, pilosely woolly : teeth all
short, acute ; tube of corolla much exserted ; connective
stretched out behind, antheriferous at both ends, the hind cells
empty, approximate, free. $ . H. Native of the South and
East of Europe ; as of Spain, and the Levant ; also of Arabia.
The whole plant is clothed with long, white hairs, and short,
clammy villi. Leaves smaller than those of <S'. interriqita, and
the segments more numerous. Corolla above an inch long,
purple, showy.
Pinnate-\ea\eA Sage. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
lis. incarna'ta (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 226. but not of Cav.,
but probably of Ettling, salv. no. 15.) stem herbaceous, erect,
pilose ; leaves pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of almost sessile, ovate,
crenated, wrinkled, villous leaflets ; racemes simple ; whorls
2-6-flowered, remote ; floral leaves membranaceous, ovate, acu-
minated, shorter than the calyx, deciduous ; calyx campanulate,
pilosely woolly : teetli all ovate, acute ; tube of corolla deflex-
ed, equalling the calyx ; connective stretched out behind, an-
theriferous at both ends, the hind cells empty, free. 1/ . H.
Native of the Levant. Habit of S. pinnata, but the flowers are
different. It differs from S. roscefblia in the erect stem and
bracteas. Corollas large, flesh-coloured.
Flesh-colourcd-AowexeA Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
12 S. ros;ef6lia (Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 5. t. 5.) stem pro-
cumbent at the base ; branches ascending, pubescent ; leaves
pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of petiolate, oblong leaflets, which are
narrowed at both ends, villous above, and pubescent beneath ;
floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, coloured, about equal in length to
the calyxes ; racemes short ; whorls 2-3-flowered, distinct ; calyx
coloured : teeth all acute. If, . ? Ij . ? H. Native of Armenia,
Levant, Persia. S. orientalis. Mill. diet. no. 8. ? Petioles cili-
ated. Leaves 3 inches long. Calyx almost like that of S.
officinalis. Corollas, calyxes, and bracteas purple. There is a
variety of this having lanceolate leaflets, the ultimate ones con-
fluent, ex Vahl.
Rose-leaved Sage. Shrub procumbent.
13 S. bractea'ta (Russ. nat. hist. Alep. 2.) stem herbaceous,
erect, pubescent ; leaves pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of sessile, ob-
long, acute, crenately serrated leaflets, which are narrowed at
the base, and tomentosely villous on both surfaces : floral leaves
very broad, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, permanent, clasping
the flowers, longer than the calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls
usually 10-flowered, remote ; calyx sessile, with villous lips :
teeth all lanceolate ; tube of corolla inclosed. %. H. Native
of Syria, near Aleppo, Russel. — Plukn. aim. p. 185. t. 194. f.
6. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Floral leaves membranaceous,
whitish, like those of S. Scliirea. Whorls dense. Corolla
purplish.
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
725
Bracteate-Rowered Sage. PI. 1 to Ij foot.
14 S. scABios.EFOLiA (Lam. journ. hist. nat. no. 14. p. 44. t.
27.) stem shrubby ; branches diffuse, pilosely woolly ; leaves
pinnate : leaflets usually twin, entire, bifid, or pinnate, oblong,
or linear, acute, quite entire ; racemes simple ; whorls 6-10-
flowcred, distinct : floral leaves permanent, lanceolate, ovate, or
ovate-roundish, acuminated ; calyx ample, striated, villous :
teeth all ovate, acute; tube of corolla a little exserted ; con-
nective stretched out behind, dilated, antheril'erous at both ends,
the hind cells empty, and connate, fj . H. Native of Tauria,
Caucasus, and Armenia. Mirb. ann. mus. IS. t. 15. f. 2. S.
vulnerarisefolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 149. S. Habliziana, Willd. in
Schrad. journ. bot. 1. p. 289. t. 2. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 9. t.
1. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1429. S. scabiosa, Pars. ench. 1. p. 29.
S. Taurica, Habl. phys. beschr. taur. p. 207. S. pinifolia.
Pall. ind. taur. Stem pilose, or woolly, almost glabrous above,
and often purplish. Leaves numerous, sometimes almost gla-
brous, but usually canescent and pilose, with 3-4 pairs of seg-
ments, which are usually twin, or by threes, but opposite, and
therefore apparently somewhat verticillate. Corolla beautiful,
large, white. There is a variety of this with usually very nar-
row, almost glabrous leaves, and with the whorls all (J-flowered,
and sometimes 10-flovvered and more. There are also varieties
differing in the size and form of the floral leaves. The S. Hab-
liziana is a more hairy plant, with broader leaflets than that
called iS'. scahiosceJoUa in the gardens, whose leaflets are narrower
and nearly glabrous.
Scabious-leaved Sage. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub diffuse.
Sect. II. Hvmenosphace (from vf.it^i', hymen, a membrane ;
and a(paKoq, sphakos, sage ; in reference to the dilated, mem-
branaceous lobes of the lower lip of calyx.) Benth. in Hook,
bot. misc. 3. p. 373. lab. p. 214. Calyx campanidate : upper
lip 2-3-eleft : lower one bifid ; lobes all nearly equal, and
becoming dilated, membranaceous, and veiny after flores-
cence. Tube of corolla ample, furnished with a ring of hairs
inside ; upper lip rather falcate, compressed, and the lateral
lobes of the lower lip spreading. Connective drawn out be-
hind, and bearing a difformed, empty cell, somewhat connected
at the extremities. — Shrubs, rarely herbs, usually hoar)'. Habit
of the last section, especially those species natives of the region
of the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. The Cape
species are more woody.
15 S. Linkia'na (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. mant. 1. p. 182.)
herbaceous ; ? branches ascending, tomentose ; leaves pinnate,
with 2-3 pairs of sessile, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, crenated
leaflets, which are narrowed at the base, wrinkled, pubescent
above, and clothed with soft villi beneath ; floral leaves broad-
ovate, obtuse, entire, equal in length to the calyxes ; racemes
simple ; whorls many-flowered ; calyxes on short pedicels, vil-
lous, with coloured lips : lobes all ovate, roundish ; tube of co-
rolla a little exserted ; hind cells of anthers connate. 1/ . ? H.
Native of the Levant. S. pilantha. Link, enum. 1. p. 10.
Corolla blue : upper lip pilose.
Link's Sage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt, 1823. PL 2 to 3 feet.
16 S. acetabulosa (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 227.) stem suflTruti-
cose, ascending, pilose ; lower leaves pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of
leaflets ; upper leaves entire, oblong, obtuse, very much wrink-
led, villous on both surfaces, canescent beneath : lower floral
ones like the rest, but the upper ones arc membranous, and
about equal in length to the calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls
about 10-flowered; calyx ample, hispid, with coloured lips:
upper lip entire. ^ . H. Native of the Levant. Very nearly
allied to S. Molucellce, but differs in the leaves being pinnate,
and the calyxes hispid. Corolla glabrous.
Acetabulose Sage. Shrub ascending.
17 S. Hydra'ngea (D. C. herb, ex Benth. lab. p. 717.) ca-
nescent; leaves pinnate, with 3-4 pairs of oblong, obtuse, quite
entire, pubescent leaflets; floral leaves small, deciduous ; whorls
6- 10-flowered ; calyx large, glabrous, coloured : upper lip
sinuated : lobes of lower lip ovate-roundish ; corollas hardly
exserted. f^.? H. Native of Persia, Olivier. Flowers simi-
lar to those of the last. Leaves not wrinkled.
Hydrangea Sage. Shrub. ?
18 S. pomi'fera (Lin. spec. p. 34.) shrubby ; branches clothed
with hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse,
rounded at the base, or somewhat cordate, with crenulated,
undulately curled margins, wrinkled, hoary ; floral leaves shorter
than the calyxes : upper ones and bracteas membranous, decidu-
ous ; racemes a little branched ; whorls about 6-flowered, dis-
tinct ; calyx ample, pubescent at the base, a little striated, with
coloured lips : upper lip very broad, almost entire, or sinuated :
lobes of the lower lip obovate-roundish, obtuse, mucronulate ;
tube of corolla ample, a little exserted ; hind cells of anthers
difformed, rather connate. 1; • H. Native of the Levant,
Grecian Islands, Palestine, and Syria. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
1. p. 12. t. 15. — Tourn. itin. t. 92. S. frugifera, Ettling, salv.
no. 5. S. crispa, Riv. mon. irr. t. 125. Calyxes nearly sessile.
Corollas bluish-violet, 1 \ inch long, glabrous, or downy outside,
with sometimes a white spot on the lower lip. Sterile stamens
clavate at top.
Apple-bearing Sage. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1G99. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
19 S. cALYcfNA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. 13. t. lU.)
shrubby ; branches erect, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, obtuse, cuneated, rounded, or subcordate at the
base, crenulated, fiattish, wrinkled, hoary ; floral leaves shorter
than the calyxes : upper ones and bracteas membranous, de-
ciduous; racemes short, branched a little; whorls 2-6-flowered,
remote ; calyx ample, striated at the base, pubescent : upper lip
entire, sinuated, or ending in 3 small i)oints : lobes of the lower
lip obovate, cuneated ; tube of corolla ample, hardly exserted ;
hind cells of anthers diflormed, sub-connate. H . H. Native
of Greece, in several parts. S. peregrina, Rauvv. gesn. ed.
Schmidel, 1. t. 12. f. 103. Very nearly allied to S. pomifera,
but differs in the shorter, broader leaves, and larger flowers, &c.
Corollas reddish violet.
Large-cali/xed Sage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub.
20 S. multicau'lis (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 225.) tomentose;
leaves subcordate-oblong, very blunt, crenated ; calyx hairy ;
bracteas lanceolate; stem herbaceous. 1^. H. Native of the
Levant. Stems many, leafy at the base, and, like the whole
plant, clothed with hoary tomentum, but pilose above among
the whorls. Leaves petiolate, wrinkled. Whorls distant, 6-
flowered. Bracteas shorter than the calyxes. Calyx large,
campanulate, veiny, membranaceous, with rounded segments.
It appears to differ from S. calyclna in the stems being humble
and herbaceous, in the caidine leaves being smaller, and the
floral ones lanceolate.
Many-slemmed Sage. PI. |- foot.
21 S. Moli;ce'll.e (Benth. lab. p. 216.) stem herbaceous,
erect, pubescent ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, obtuse, cre-
nated, cordate at the base, much wrinkled, pubescent on both
surfaces, canescent while young : floral ones shorter than the
calyxes : upper ones and bracteas membranous, deciduous ;
racemes elongated, simple ; whorls remote, 6-10-flowered ; ca-
lyxes almost sessile, striated at the base, pubescent, ample ;
upper lip minute, tridentate ; lobes of the lower lip very blunt.
%. H. Native of Syria, near Aleppo. This species differs
from S. calyclna in the leaves being more wrinkled, hardly
726
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
tomentose, in the racemes being nearly a foot long, and in the
fructiferous calyxes being as large as those of S. JMolucella
Ice vis. Stems creeping at the base.
Molucella-like Sage. PI. ?
22 S. au'rea (Lin. spec. p. 38.) stem shrubby ; branches
clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish,
obtuse, quite entire, or sinuated, coriaceous, lioary ; floral leaves
sessile, villous, permanent ; racemes short, a little branched ;
whorls 2-flowered, approximate ; calyx ample, villous, with
coloured lobes : upper lip almost quite entire, broad-rounded :
lobes of the lower lip ovate-roundish ; tube of corolla hardly
exceeding the calyx ; connective short, somewhat deflexed
and dilated behind, bearing a small, empty cell. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, and Algoa Bay. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 186. Mirb. ann. mus. 15. t. 15. f. 7. Walth. hort. t.
15. S. colorata, Lin. syst. p. 71.? but not of Vahl. S. Afri-
cana, &c. Commel. hort. 2. p. 183. t. 92. The vvliole plant
clothed with white tomentum. Corolla beautiful, golden yellow.
Leaves i an inch long, or hardly an inch.
GoWfn-flowered Sage. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1731. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
23 S. Africa'na (Lin. spec. p. 38.) stem shrubby, panicled
at top ; branches canescent ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-oblong,
obovate, or cuneated, acute, quite entire, or sinuately toothed,
narrowed at the base, nearly glabrous above, and white beneath,
coriaceous, stiff; floral leaves and bracteas broad-ovate, almost
permanent ; racemes a little branched ; whorls 2-6-flowered,
distant; calyx hispid : upper lip nearly entire, broad- roundish :
lobes of the lower lip ovate, acute ; tube of corolla hardly ex-
ceeding the calyx ; connective short, and dilated behind, bearing
an empty cell. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Commel. hort. 2. p. 181. t. 91. Mill. fig. t. 225. f. 1. S.
colorata, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 230. S. integerrima, Mill. fig. t.
225. f. 2. diet. no. 12. S. barbata. Lam. ill. 1. p. 72. Branches
purplish. Leaves variable, often green above, but constantly
white beneath. Corolla violaceous. There are several slight
varieties of the species.
African ?,2ige. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
24 S. panicula'ta (Lin. niant. p. 25. and p. 511.) stem
shrubby ; branches scabrous, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate,
obovate, acute, a little toothed, coriaceous, green on both sur-
faces, scabrous beneath ; floral leaves ovate, membranous, de-
ciduous; racemes paniculately branched; whorls 2-flowered,
distant ; calyx scabrous : upper lip entire, rounded : lobes of
the lower lip ovate, acuminated ; tube of corolla hardly equal-
ling the calyx in length ; connective short, and dilated behind,
bearing an empty cell. ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. S. chamseelseagnea. Berg. cap. 1. p. 3. S. minor, &c.
Breyn. cent. 1. p. 169. t. 85. Shrub purplish. Leaves | an
inch long. Corolla purplish violet, a little larger than those of
S. Africana.
Panic/erf-flowered Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1758. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
25 S. DENTA^TA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 37.) stem shrubby,
glabrous ; leaves linear, fascicled, remotely-toothed, nearly gla-
brous ; floral leaves and bracteas ovate, much shorter than the
calyxes, permanent ; racemes short, simple : whorls 2-6-flower-
ed ; calyx ample, pubescent : upper lip sinuate, somewhat 3-
toothed : lobes of the lower lip ovate, bluntish ; tube of corolla
equalling the calyx ; connective short, and dilated behind, bear-
ing an empty cell. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
S. rigida, 'J'hunb. prod. fl. cap. 1. p. 96. Corollas purplish
violet, smaller than those of S. Africana.
Toothed-kaved Sage. Fl. Dec. Jan. Clt. 1774. Shrub i
to 1 foot.
26 S. Ni'vEA (Thunb. prod. p. 96.) leaves lanceolate, quite
entire, clothed with white tomentum ; branches divaricate. Pj • •
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S. lanceolata. Lam.
ill. 1. p. 72. Branches and branchlets decussate, tetragonal,
tomentose at top. Leaves petiolate, acute, a little wrinkled, an
inch long, bearing other leaves in the axils. Flowers opposite,
or somewhat panicled at the top of tlie branchlets. Calyxes
hairy. Corolla purple. Distinguished from S. aurea by the
lanceolate, white leaves.
Snowy Sage. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
27 S. Canarie'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 38.) stem shrubby, clothed
with white tomentum ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, hastately-tri-
angular, wrinkled, almost glabrous : floral leaves ovate-lance-
olate, exceeding the calyxes, membranous, coloured ; calyx in-
curvedly campanulate : upper lip sinuated, somewhat 3-lobed :
lobes of lower lip obtuse, mucronate ; tube of corolla wide,
inclosed ; connective somewhat dilated behind, bearing an empty
cell. (j . G. Native of the Canary Islands ; also of Sicily.
Sclarea tomentosa, Mill. diet. no. 13. Schraderia hastata,
Mcench. meth. — Trew. pi. rar. 2. p. 17. t. 19. Corollas
purple.
Canary Island Sage. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1697. Shrub 3
to 6 feet.
Sect. III. Drymo'sphace (from Spvfiog, drymos, a forest ; and
iTcpaKoc, sphakos, sage ; probably in reference to the species
inhabiting woods.) Benth. in Hook. misc. 3. p. 373. lab. p.
218. Calyx tubular, or campanulate; upper lip almost entire,
truncate, or with 3 very short teeth. Tube of corolla exserted,
furnished with a ring of hairs inside ; upper lip falcately com-
pressed ; lateral lobes of the lower lip spreading. Connective
drawn out behind, bearing an empty, difibrined cell, somewhat
connected at the extremities. — European, or Asiatic green, rather
clammy herbs. Leaves usually large, hastately cordate. Co-
rollas yellow, rarely blue.
28 S. GLUTiNosA (Lin. spec. p. 37.) stems herbaceous, erect,
clammy, pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminated,
cordately sagittate at the base : floral ones ovate, acuminated,
shorter than the calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls distant, loose,
6-flowered ; calyx tubular : upper lip truncate, entire, somewhat
recurved ; corollas gaping, 3 times as long as the calyx. % .
H. Native of Europe, and middle Asia, in woods and other
shady places ; as of Spain, South of France, Switzerland, Italy,
South of Germany, South of Russia, Tauria, Caucasus, &c. —
Sabb. hort. rom. t. 3. Mirb. ann. mus. 15. t. 15. f. 11. Riv.
mon. irr. t. 35. Sclirea glutinosa. Mill. diet. no. 11. Colus
jovis, Besl. eyst. ord. 8. fol. 4. f. 1. Plant clammy. Lower
leaves large, glabrous, or clothed with clammy pubescence.
Corollas pale yellow.
Clammy Sage. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1769. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
29 S. NUBi'coLA (Wall, ex Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. l.p.
68. lab. p. 219.) stem herbaceous, erect, villous; leaves peti-
olate, ovate-lanceolate, crenated, pubescent on both surfaces :
lower ones hastately cordate at the base : upper ones rounded,
or narrowed at the base : uppermost and floral ones sessile,
ovate, acute, quite entire ; racemes a little branched ; whorls
loose, feiv-flowered, remote ; calyx campanulate, villous : upper
lip entire, and toothed : the lower lip acute ; corolla 3 times as
long as the calyx : hind cells of anthers empty, connected. 1|.
H. Native of Kamaon and Sirinaghur, Wall. ; in the valley of
Cashmere, and at Kidarkonta, Royle ; Simlah, Jacquemont.
Sweet, fl. gard. 2. t. 140. Corollas yellow, smaller than those
of S. glutinosa.
CloudSaae. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 feet.
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
727
30 S. hi'ans (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
373. lab. p. 219.) stem lierbaceous, erect, villous; leaves on
long petioles, broad ovate, broadly and cordately sagittate at the
base : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, shorter than the calyxes ;
racemes branched a little ; whorls 6-flowered ; calyx campanu-
late, striated, coloured, clammy: upper lip entire, truncate:
lower lip longer, with ovate, acute teeth ; corolla gaping, 3
times as long as the calyx ; hind cells of anthers somewhat
connected, empty. % . H. Native of the valley of Cashmere,
Royle. Allied to S. glutindsa. Corolla showy, blue. Con-
nective short behind.
Gaping-tiowered Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
31 S. campanula'ta (Wall, ex Benth. in Wall. pl. rar. asiat.
1. p. 67. lab. p. 220.) stem herbaceous, ascending, hairy ; leaves
large, on long petioles, ovate, acute, deeply crenated, cordate at
the base, rather hispid on both surfaces : floral leaves ovate,
acute, shorter than the calyxes ; racemes a little branched ;
whorls about 6-flowered, remote ; calyxes on short pedicels,
amply campanulate, truncate, villous : upper lip very short,
nearly entire, and toothed : lobes of the lower lip broad ovate,
acute ; corolla one-half longer than the calyx ; tube of corolla
inclosed ; connective free behind, and bearing an empty cell.
"if.. H. Native of Nipaul, on Gosainsthan. Leaves 4 to 6
inches long, and about the same in breadth. Racemes short.
Corollas, according to Wallich, similar to those of »S'. nubtcola.
Carnpanulate-calyxed Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. IV. Hormi'num (from bpfiau), kortnao, to excite ; in
reference to the stimulating qualities of the plant.) Benth. in
Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 373. lab. p. 220. Calyx tubular : upper
lip truncate, somewhat 3-toothed. Tube of corolla widened
under the throat, or ventricose, without any ring of hairs inside :
upper lip straight, concave, or falcate, compressed : lateral lobes
of the lower lip oblong, erect, a little twisted ; middle lobe
spreading, roundish. Connective deflexed behind, abruptly
dilated, connected, and callous at the extremity. — Herbs natives
of the region of the Mediterranean.
32 S. vi'ridis (Lin. spec. p. 34.) stem herbaceous, erect, vil-
lous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, ob-
tuse, crenated, villous: superior ones ovate-cordate: floral leaves
very broad, acute, permanent, rather longer than the calyxes,
becoming gradually smaller as they ascend ; racemes simple ;
whorls distant, usually G-flowered ; calyx villous, reflexed
in the fructiferous state, and plicately striated : teeth of the
lower lip lanceolate, acute ; corolla hardly a third part longer
than the calyx, with an almost inclosed tube. ©. H. Native
of Europe, Africa, and Asia, in the region of the Mediterranean,
in dry, stony, or gravelly places ; Barbary, Spain, Italy, Dalnia-
tia, Greece, Tauria, Caucasus, &c. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 2. t.
4. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 20. t. 1. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1. p.
15. t. 19. Rclib. icon. bot. c. 6. p. 23. t. 531. .S. Spielmanni,
Scop. del. ins. 3. p. 31. t. 15. Jacq. fil. eel. 1. p. 25. t. 15.
Rchb. icon. bot. c. 6. p. 23. t. 532. but not of Willd. S. trun-
cata, Willd. enum. 1. p. 34. Horminum viride, Moench. meth.
p. 377. Horminum coma viridi, Tourn. inst. 178. Stem
sparingly branched. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Corollas small,
blue. Bracteas green.
Far. ft, violacea ; flowers violaceous, or bluish. ©. H. Plant
more robust than the species.
Green-topped Clary. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. i to
1 foot.
33 S. Horminum (Lin. spec. p. 34.) stem herbaceous, erect,
villous ; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, rounded at the base, or
cuneated, obtuse, crenated, villous : superior ones ovate-cordate :
floral leaves very broad, acute, permanent, rather longer than
the calyxes: uppermost ones membranaceously dilated, coloured,
1
comose ; racemes simple ; whorls distant, about C-flowered ;
calyx pubescent, reflexed in the mature state, and plicately
striated : teeth of the lower lip lanceolate, acute ; corolla one-
half longer than the calyx, with an inclosed tube. ©. H. Na-
tive of Europe, Africa, and Asia, in the region of the Mediter-
ranean, at the edges of fields, and in bushy places ; as of Bar-
bary, Greece, Italy, Dalmatia, Syria, Tauria. Sibth. et .Smith,
fl. graec. 1. p. 15. t. 20. S. colorata, Thore, chl. land. p. 17.
Horminum sativum, Mill. diet. no. 5. Horminum color^tum,
Mcench. meth. p. 37C. — Plenck. icon. 20. — Lob. icon. t. 555.
— Gesn. fasc. 17. t. 11. f. 21.— Buxb. cent. t. 39. f. 2. There
are two varieties of this, the Purple-topped Clary, and the Red-
topped Clary, the bracteas in the one being purple, and in the
other red, for which they are cultivated in gardens.
Clary, Purple, and Red-topped. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1590.
PI. 1 to U foot.
34 S. FoRSKOELEi (Lin. mant. p. 26.) stem herbaceous, clothed
with rather clammy villi ; lower leaves petiolate, large, ovate,
repandly crenated, auricled at the base, or lobed, villous ; cauline
leaves few, nearly sessile : floral leaves broadly ovate, acumi-
nated, permanent, much shorter than the calyxes ; racemes elon-
gated, nearly simple ; whorls 2-6-flowered, distant ; teeth of
lower lip of calyx lanceolate, acute ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx, with an exserted tube : upper lip emarginately bifid. 2/ . ?
H. Native of the Levant, Forsk. ; in woods on Mount Olympus
in Bithynia ; and about Belgrad, near Constantinople, Sibthorp.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 988. Willd. hort. berol. t. 20. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. IC. t. 21. S. bifida, Forsk, fl. arab. p.
202. Stem leafy at base, and nearly naked at top. Lower
leaves 3-4 inches long, subcordate at the base. Calyx usually
coloured at top, clothed with clammy pubescence. Corollas
violaceous, similar to Sect. I. EusjMce : lower lip variegated ;
middle lobe deflexed, emarginately bifid.
Forskcel's S'dge. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. U foot.
35 S. miltiorhi'za (Bunge. enum. pl. chin. p. 50.) stem her-
baceous, erect, pilosa ; leaves petiolate, pinnate, with 3-7 petio-
late, ovate, crenated leaflets : the ultimate leaflet larger or bifid ;
floral leaves bractea-formed ; racemes simple ; whorls many-
flowered, loose ; calyx campanulate : upper lip acute, entire :
lower one shortly bidentate ; corolla about 3 times as long as
the calyx : tube a little exserted, obliquely annulate inside :
upper lip falcate, compressed : middle lobe of lower lip fringed ;
connective rather dilated behind. 0.?lt.?G. Native of the
north of China, in sliady mountains at Zui-wey-schin and Ssi-
jui-ssy, Bunge. Habit of S. Forskoclei. Root vermilion-
coloured. Leaves large, hispid, green above and paler beneath.
Calyxes coloured, rather clammy. Corollas blue, clothed with
clammy pubescence outside. This species differs from tlie pre-
sent section in the upper lip of corolla being entire ; and in the
inside of the tube of the corolla being annulate from both the
present section and sect. JEthlopis.
Red-rooted Sage. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. V. ^JIthi'opis (so called from «S'. JElluopis being a
native of Ethiopia.) Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 373. lab.
p. 222. Calyx campanulate or tubular ; upper lip tridentate :
teeth erect : middle tooth very small. Tube of corolla
widened under the throat or ventricose, without any ring of
hairs inside : upper lip falcate, compressed ; lateral lobes of
lower lip oblong, erectish, and a little twisted : middle lobe
spreading, roundish, usually concave, emarginate, crenulated.
Connective deflexed behind, abruptly dilated, callous and con-
nected at the extremity. — Herbs, natives of the region of the
Mediterranean, and the mountains of Middle .'Vsia. Leaves and
lower parts of stem usually clothed with white wool. Floral
leaves permanent, erect, clasping the whorls, rarely rather
728
LABIAT.E. XXIX. Salvia.
longer than the peduncles. Panicle divaricately branched,
rarely alinost simple.
36 S. rNDicA (Lin. spec. p. 37.) stem erect, rather hairy ;
leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, acute, a little toothed, broadly
cordate at the base, glabrous ; floral leaves ovate-cordate, re-
flexed ; racemes simple ; whorls 6-flovvered, remote ; calyxes
sessile, campanulate, inflated after florescence ; corolla 3 times
as long as the calyx. 11 . H. Native of India, Lin., but pro-
bably of tlie mountains of Persia or Arabia. Jacq. hort. vind. 1.
p. 33. t. 78. Curt. bot. mag. t. 395. Sclarea I'ndica, Mill,
diet. no. 9. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 13. f. IG. Stem angular,
glabrous, or beset with clammy hairs. Lower leaves 3-5 inches
long : floral ones shorter than the calyxes. Corollas varie-
gated : lower lip yellow and blue ; the upper lip purple, size of
those of S. argentea. Calyx clothed w ith clammy pubescence.
Indian C\axy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
37 S. coMMUTATA (Bcntli. lab. p. 222.) stem erect, hispidly
pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, erosely crenated, cordate
at the base, thick, tubercularly wrinkled, hispid and green on
both surfaces ; floral leaves hardly longer than the peduncles ;
raceme dense, spike-formed ; calyx campanulate, hispid ; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx. 1/ . ? H. Native of Syria or
Italy. S. Dominica, Lin. spec. p. 35. but not of Swartz. and
other authors. S. Syriaca, Gouan. herb, but not of Lin. Cau-
line leaves very numerous, and smaller than in other species of
the present section, hardly Is inch long.
Changed C\ayy. PI. ? '
38 S. SYRrACA (Lin. spec. p. 36.) stem nearly glabrous, pani-
cled at top, and clothed with tomentose pubescence ; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate, obtuse, erosely crenated or deeply toothed, cor-
date at the base, green on both surfaces, much wrinkled, pubes-
cent ; floral leaves broad-ovate, concave, permanent, one half
shorter than the calyxes ; racemes paniclod ; whorls distant,
2-6-flowercd ; calyx campanulate, tomentose ; corolla one half
longer than the calyx, with an inclosed tube. %. H. Native
of the 1-evant, Per^ia, and Palestine ; Syria, near Aleppo.
Sclarea Syriaca, Mill. diet. no. 5. Horminum Syriacum,
Bauh. pin. p. 238. Allied to S. odoriita ; but diflfers in the
leaves being green on both surfaces, and the form of the leaves
is that of S. pralensis. Corollas white.
Syrian CX&ry. Fl. July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
39 S. odoka'ta (Willd. enum. p. 43.) stem sufFruticose,
clothed with white wool at the base, but panicled and glabrous
at top ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, irregu-
larly crenate-tootlied, cordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed with
white tomentum on both surfaces ; upper ones sessile ; floral
leaves shorter than the pedicels, permanent ; racemes panicled,
loose ; whorls reinote, 2-flowered ; calyx campanulate, striated,
pubescently hairy ; corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx.
h . F. Native near Bagdad. Jacq. fil. eel. fasc. 2. p. 26. t. 16.
S. albiJa, Jacq. obs. 10. no. 73. S. argentea, Hortul. but not
of Lin. Branches tetragonal. Leaves 3 inches long, and 1 to
I5 broad. Flowers on short pedicels, about the size of those
of S. sclarea. Corollas white : lower lip yellowish in the
middle.
Sweet-scented Clary. Fl. July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
40 S. cANDiDi'ssiMA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 278.) stem erect,
clothed with white tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse,
sinuately toothed, cordate at the base, thick, wrinkled, densely
clothed with white tomentum on both surfaces ; floral leaves
broad, acuminated, concave, permanent, rather shorter than the
calyxes ; racemes branched ; whorls 6-10-flowered : upper
whorls abortive ; calyx campanulate, villous ; tube of corolla
equal in length to the calyx. 1/. S. Native of Armenia, and
the Island of Cyprus. S. crassifolia, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
1. p. 19. t. 26. Corollas white, with a yellow lip, size of those
of (5r. sclarea. Leaves smaller than those oi' S. argentea. Root
creeping. ?
Very-nhite Clary. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2
feet. ?
41 S. scla'rea (Lin. spec. p. 38.) stem erect, villous ; leaves
petiolate, ample, ovate, erosely crenated, cordate at the base,
wrinkled, hoary : upper ones stem-clasping : floral leaves very
broad, acuminated, concave, membranous, coloured, exceeding
the flowers, permanent ; racemes panicled ; whorls distant,
about 10-flowercd; calyx campanulate, striated, pubescently
hispid : teeth somewhat spinosely acuminated ; corolla twice as
long as the calyx : tube inclosed. $ . H. Native of the south
of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean ; as of the south
of France, north of Italy, Naples, Sicily, Dalmatia, Grecian
Islands, Tauria, Caucasus, &c. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1. p.
18. t. 25. St. Hil. pi. fr. t. 2. 47. Mirb. ann. mus. 15. t. 15.
f. 2. S. Simsiana, Ream, et Schultes, syst. mant. 1. p. 210.
Lindl. bot. reg. 1003. S. bracteata, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2320.
Sclarea vulgaris. Mill. diet. no. 1. — Ludw. ect. t. 171. — Plenck.
icon. 21. — Blackw. t. 122. Lob. icon. 5oQ. — Mor. hist. 3.
sect. 11. t. 16. f. 1. Stem clammy. Leaves 8-9 inches long,
and 4-5 broad : floral leaves membranous, white at the base,
and red at top, comose. Corolla white, tinged with purple. In
the cultivated specimens the leaves are more glabrous than in
the wild specimens.
This plant is called Orvale by the French ; Scharlach- kraut
by the Germans ; Sclilarea by the Italians ; and Clary by the
English. The leaves are sometimes used in soups, though
many dislike its scent. Its flowers are used for a fermented
wine ; and the whole plant is, like sage, esteeined medicinal.
Clary is reared from seed, and sometimes from cuttings and
slips. A small bed will supply most families ; and if raised
from seed, a quarter of an ounce will suffice for a seed-bed to
be transplanted from 2 feet by 2. Sow in the last fortnight of
March or the course of April, in any bed or border thinly, and
rake in the seed. In summer, when the plants are advanced 2
or 3 inches, transplant a portion of the strongest from 12 to 18
inches apart, to allow competent room for the leaves to spread,
when they will be fit for use the same year, and in continuation
through winter until the following spring and summer. In the
spring allot some old plants to run up into stalks, these will
yield ripe seed in autumn.
Common Clary. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1562. PI. 3 to 4
feet.
42 S. spinosa (Lin. mant. p. 511.) stem beset with glandular
villi ; leaves petiolate, ainple, ovate, deeply crenated, rounded
at the base, wrinkled, pubescent : superior ones sessile, cor-
dately stem-clasping : floral ones very broad, acuminated, con-
cave, permanent, exceeding the calyxes ; racemes panicled ;
whorls distant, 6-10-flowered; calyx tubular, cylindrical, stri-
ated : teeth all erect and spiny ; corolla hardly one half longer
than the calyx : tube inclosed. $ . H. Native of Egypt,
Persia; and of Syria, near Aleppo. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 2. t. 7.
S. jEgyptiaca, Lin. mant. p. 26. S. Abyssinica, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 88. ex Steud. Marum ^Egyptiacum, Vesling, fl. segypt. p.
75. t. 76. Horminum suaveolens, Moench. meth. — Mor. hist.
3. sect. 11. t. 16. f. 2. Plant hispid from spreading glandular
hairs in all parts, rarely glabrous. Lower leaves 4-5 inches
long. Floral leaves green or white at the base, ciliated. Calyx
glabrous, or ciliated with long glandular hairs. Corollas white,
glabrous outside.
^>2H2/-calyxed Clary. Fh June, July. Clt. 1789. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
43 S. Pai;esti'na (Benth. lab. p. 718.) stem clothed with
glandular hairs ; leaves petiolate, oblong, somewhat pinnate or
LABIAT.E. XXIX. Salvia.
729
pinnatifid, wrinkled, villous : lobes erosely toothed, very blunt ;
floral leaves bractea-formed, very broad, acuminated, concave,
permanent, sliorter than the calyxes ; racemes panicied ; whorls
distant, about G-Howered ; calyx tubular, striated: teeth all
erect and spiny ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. $ .
H. Native of Palestine, in corn-fields, Bove. S. Sinaica, De-
lile, mss. Habit, inflorescence, and flowers, like that of 6'. syji-
)ibsa ; but differs from that species in the form of tiie leaves.
Palestine Clary. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
44 S. Tingita'na (Ettling, salv. p. 30.) stem herbaceous,
beset with glandular hairs; leaves petiolate, ample, ovate, deeply
crenated, somewhat cordate at the base, much wrinkled, villous :
superior ones stem-clasping ; floral leaves very broad, acumi-
nated, concave, permanent, rather shorter than the calyxes ; ra-
cemes panicied; whorls distant, C-10-flowered ; calyx campa-
nulate, plicately striated, liispidly ciliated : teeth all somewhat
spiny : the middle tooth of the lower lip obsolete ; corolla twice
as long as the calyx. $ . H. Native of the north of Africa,
about Tunis ; and of Spain, near Cadiz. S. coarctata, Vahl,
enuni. 1. p. 277. S. foe'tida. Lam. ill. 1. p. 69. Horminum
Tingitanum, Riv. mon. irr. 1. t. 62. Allied to S. apinbsa ; but
differs in the broader leaves, cordate at the base, and more
wrinkled, &c. The whole plant is beset with long spreading,
and short glandular hairs. Corolla dirty white : lower lip yel-
lowish, crenulated : upper lip tinged with blue.
Tangier Clary. Fl. July. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 to a feet.
45 S. vviiEco'n. (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 274.) leaves ovate-oblong,
rather repand, smooth, rather pilose ; bracteas cordate, veiny,
acuminated, length of calyx. 1^.? H. Native of the north of
Africa. Nearly allied to S. Tingitana. Stem erect, pilose.
Lower leaves 3 inches long, petiolate : superior ones sessile,
ovate, acute. Teeth of calyx cuspidate, but not spiny. Corolla
size of that of S. ScUirca : upper lip villous : lower lip con-
cave.
Early Clary. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4G S. ^THiopis (Lin. spec. p. 39.) stem erect, clothed with
white wool ; lower leaves petiolate, narrowed at the base : cau-
line leaves cordate, stem-clasping, all deeply toothed, and much
wrinkled; densely clothed with white wool on both surfaces :
floral leaves very broad, acuminated, permanent, concave, equal-
ling the calyxes, woolly ; racemes panicied; whorls 6-10-flow-
ered, distinct ; calyx campanulate, woolly : teeth all subulately
spinose, spreading ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, with an
inclosed tube. $ . H. Native of Europe, Africa, and Asia,
in the region of the Mediterranean, in arid fields and dry sterile
places ; south of France, Piedmont, Naples, Sicily, Austria,
Hungary, Podolia, Greece and Syria, Tauria and Caucasus. —
Herb panicied at top. Corollas white : upper lip pubescent,
often reddish. This plant in a wild state is from g to 1 foot in
height, but in the cultivated state it grows from 3-5 feet in
height. Jacq. fl. austr. 3. p. 7. t. 211. Sclarea lanata, Moench.
meth. p. 374. Sclarea jEthlopis, Mill. diet. no. 2. ^thiopis,
Besl. eyst. 2. ord. 8. fol. 3. f. 1.
Far. ft, laciniala ; leaves jagged. — Barrel, icon. p. 24. t. 18S.
Far. 7, papillosa ; leaves woolly beneath, and papillosely
wrinkled above.- — Sabb. hort. rom. p. 5. t. 3.
Ethiojnan Clary. Fl. Mav, June. Clt. 1570. PI. 1 to 4
feet.
47 S. compre'ssa (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 275.) stem erect, vil-
lous ; lower leaves petiolate, rounded at the base : superior ones
cordately stem-clasping, all ovate, and erosely toothed, wrinkled,
rather woolly on both surfaces ; floral leaves very broad, obtuse,
permanent, concave, coloured, ciliated, equalling the calyxes ;
racemes panicied ; whorls 6-10-flowered : the upper whorls
abortive ; calyx campanulate, membranous coloured, pubescent :
teeth of lower lip of calyx obtuse ; corolla one half longer than
VOL. IV.
the calyx. ^ . ? H. Native of the Levant. Vent. eels. t. 59.
Very nearly allied to tiie preceding ; but differs principally in
the floral leaves and blunt nuitic calycine teeth, and in the upper
whorls being abortive. Bracteas and floral leaves purplish at
top. Corollas white.
Compressed C\2iry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. 2 feet.?
48 S. arge'ntea (Lin. spec. 38.) stem erect, villous ; radical
leaves petiolate, and the lower cauline leaves sessile, ample,
ovate, cuneated at the base, sinuately lobed, erose, woolly, wrin-
kled : floral leaves very broad, acuminated, concave, permanent,
pilose, equalling the calyxes; racemes panicied; whorls 6-10-
flowered, remote : the upper ones abortive ; calyx campanulate,
striated, villous ; calycine teeth all rather spiny ; corolla about
3 times as long as the calyx, with an inclosed tube. $ . H.
Native of Europe and Africa, in the region of the Mediterra-
nean, in corn-fields ; as of Barbary, Portugal, Algarves, Sicily,
Naples, Greece, &c. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. p. 4. t. 6. Sibth.
et Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. 20. t. 27. S. pyramidalis, Petagna,
inst. bot. 2. p. 54. S. candidissima, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p.
16. and of other Sicilian authors. Hoff'm. et Link. fl. port. 1.
p. 151. t. 20. but not of Vahl. S. Atlantica, Pers. eiich. 1. p.
29. S. patula, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 25. S. .Ethiopis, Brot. fl.
lus. 1. p. 18. but not of Lin. Sclarea argentea. Mill. diet. no.
15. — Mirb. ann. mus. 15. t. 15. f. 4. Allied to S. spinosa and
a. Tingitana. Radical and lower cauline leaves 6-8 inches
long, and 4-6 broad, clothed with loose white wool on both sur-
faces. Panicle ample. Corollas showy, bluish-white : lower
lip yellowish.
Silvery Clary. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
49 S. VERBAsciFOLiA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 3. p. 24.) stem erect,
clothed with clammy villi ; lower leaves petiolate, ample, ovate,
cordate at the base, sinuately lobed, erose, thick, much wrin-
kled, hardly woolly above, but clothed with white tomentose
wool beneath ; floral leaves very broad, acuminated, concave,
permanent, villous, al)out equalling the calyxes ; racemes sub-
panicled ; whorls 2-6-flowered, approximate, distinct : the upper
ones abortive; calyx campanulate, striated, clothed with clammy
villi ; calycine teeth all acute, but scarcely spiny ; corolla twice
as long as the calyx. 1^. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia,
on sterile parts of mountains ; Persia, in the province of Azar-
baudgan. S. candidissimuni, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 21. but not of
Vaiil. Very nearly allied to S. argentea, but differs in the
more humble stature, in the leaves being cordate at the base,
not narrowed, &c. Corollas white.
MuUien- leaved C\axy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2
feet. ?
50 S. Broussone'tii (Benth. lab. p. 227.) stem erect, clothed
with rather clammy villi ; leaves petiolate, ample, ovate, obtuse,
sinuately crenated, cordate at the base, thick, much wrinkled,
green, and nearly glabrous above, clothed with white tomentum
beneath, and the veins with clammy pubescence ; floral leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, concave, green, hispid, perma-
nent, rather longer than the calyxes ; racemes panicied ; whorls
usually 6-flowered, distinct ; calyx campanulate, hispid : teeth
of upper lip ovate, acute ; corolla scarcely twice the length of
the calyx. ~ll.1 H. Native of TenerifTe, or the north of
Africa, Broussonet. This is a very distinct species from S. ver-
bascifolia ; the leaves are larger, and destitute of wool on the
upper surface ; the panicle is more dense and more branched,
and very villous ; the floral leaves narrower, and the flowers
smaller.
Broussonet's Clary. PI. ?
51 S. MooRCROFTiANA (Wall, ex Benth. in Wall. pi. rar.
asiat. 1. p. 67. Benth. lab. p. 228.) stem erect, woolly at the
base, but clothed with clammy villi at top ; lower leaves on long
petioles, ample, ovate, erosely crenated, narrowed at the base,
5 A
730
LABIATvE. XXIX. Salvia.
wrinkled, villous above, and clothed with white wool beneath ;
floral leaves very broad, acuminated, concave, permanent, equal-
ling the calyxes ; racemes panicled ; whorls remote, about 6-
flowered ; calyx campanulate, striated, clothed with rough villi ;
calycine teeth all subulately mucronate ; corollas 3 times as
long as the calyx, with an exserted tube. ^ . ? H. Native of
the Himalaya; in Luddak, Moorcroft ; in the valley of Cash-
mere ; and in Kinaour and Kidarkonta, Royle. Allied to S.
argintea ; but differs in the leaves being on long petioles, less
cut, hardly woolly above, but densely clothed with subfloccose
wool beneath, &c. Corolla violaceous. ?
Moorcroft' s Clary. PI.
52 S. lana'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 147.) stems tufted,
woolly at the base ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire,
minutely crenulated, narrowed a long way at the base, much
wrinkled, loosely clothed above, but densely beneath with white
wool ; floral leaves very broad, acuminated, concave, perma-
nent, equalling the calyxes ; racemes almost simple, clothed
with clammy villi; whorls remote, about 10-flowered; calyx
campanulate, with acute teeth ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx, with the tube rather exserted. 1^ . ? S. Native of
Himalaya ; on the tops of the alps of Kamaon and Sirmore, and
Mussooree ; and common throughout the whole of the range.
Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 11. t. 116. S. ciina. Wall. cat. no.
2145. S. integrifolia, Hardw. in asiat. res. 6. p. 349. Stena-
rhena lan^ta, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 111. Stems woody at
the base, numerous. Leaves .'3-4 inches long. Flowers size of
those of S. yEUno2yis. Corolla downy outside, purple.
Woolly Clary. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
53 S. pHL0M0i*DES (Asso, arrag. p. 158. t. 4.) stems tufted,
clothed with white wool at the base ; leaves oblong-linear or
lanceolate, acute, entire, or the lower ones are sinuately lobed,
narrowed a long way at the base, much wrinkled, clothed with
white wool on both surfaces ; floral leaves very broad, acumi-
nated, concave, permanent, longer than the calyx ; racemes
nearly simple, clothed with clammy villi ; whorls remote ; calyx
campanulate : teeth of lower lip lanceolate, acuminated ; corolla
about 3 times as long as the calyx : the tube a little exserted.
S . H. Native of Spain, plentiful among the mountains of
Arragon, about Siguenza. Roem. script, pi. hisp. et lus. 10. t.
1. f. 1. Stems clothed with clammy hairs at top. Corollas
almost glabrous outside, size of those of S. Sclarea.
Phlomis-lihe Clary. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1805. PI. 1 to S
feet.
54 S. cane'scens (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 8G.) stems woolly
at the base ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire or sinuately-lobed,
narrowed a long way at the base, wrinkled, loosely clothed
above, but densely beneath with white wool ; floral leaves very
broad, acuminated, concave, permanent, rather shorter than the
calyxes ; racemes branched, clothed with clammy villi ; whorls
remote ; calyx tubularly campanulate ; teeth of lower lip lan-
ceolate, acuminated : corolla about 3 times longer than the calyx,
the tube a little exserted. $ .? H. Native of Caucasus, amon^
rocks towards the river Anticeta; and near Natzana, Meyer. This
is very nearly allied to S. phlomoides ; but difliers in being taller
and more slender ; in the racemes being branched ; in the flow-
ers being fewer and smaller, &c.
Canescent Clary. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
55 S. ceratophy'lla (Lin. spec. p. 30.) stem clothed with
white wool at the base ; lower leaves deeply pinnatifid, with
linear, obtuse, sinuately subpinnatifid lobes, much wrinkled,
clothed with loose wool on both surfaces ; superior leaves nearly
entire : floral leaves very broad, acuminated, concave, perma-
nent, longer than the calyxes ; racemes panicled ; whorls about
6-flowered, distant, the upper ones abortive; calyx campanulate,
with lanceolate-setaceous, rather spiny teeth ; corolla twice as
1
long as the calyx, the tube inclosed. $ . H. Native of the
Levant ; Syria, near Aleppo, Persia, &-c. S. exasperata, Cav.
ann. hist. nat. 3. p. 113. t. 17. icon. 6. p. 38. t. 558. Sclarea
ceratophylla. Mill. diet. no. 8. — Kniph. cent. 4. t. 78. — Mor.
hist. 3. p. 393. sect. 11. t. 13. f. G. The lower part of the
stem and leaves are clothed with loose wool. Lower leaves 7-8
inches long : floral leaves green, clammy. Corolla yellowish-
white or cream-coloured.
Buckhorn-leaved Clary. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1699. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
■\ Doubtful species, probably belonging to the present section.
56 S. grave'olens (Vahl, enum. 1 p. 273.) stem shrubby ;
branches tetragonal, very villous ; leaves petiolate, cordate,
wrinkled, crenated, villous, hoary beneath : lower ones some-
what sinuated ; floral leaves cordate ; spikes branchy ; whorls
approximate, 6-flowered ; calyx campanulate. f^ . F. Native
of Egypt. Bracteas attenuated, shorter than the calyxes, gla-
brous above. Galea of corolla linear-falcate, pilose.
Strong-scented Clary. Shrub.
57 S. va'ria (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 273.) herbaceous; leaves
petiolate, cordate, unequally crenated, obtuse, wrinkled, clothed
with hoary tomentiuii beneath, as well as the stems, but rather
villous above ; whorls 6-flowered ; bracteas cordate, acumi-
nated, length of calyxes ; calyx, bracteas, and peduncles hoary :
calycine teeth subulate. %. H. Native of Armenia. Leaves
3-4 inches long. Corolla small, a little longer than the calyx.
Various Clary. PI.
Sect. VI. Plethiospace {from ttXiiOoc, plethos, multitude; and
a(paKoc, sphakos, sage ; so called from the section containing the
S. sylvestris, or common wild sage.) Benth. lab. p. 230. in
Hook. hot. misc. 3. p. 373. Calyx ovate: upper lip concave
above, bisidcate, with 3 very short conniving teeth : lower lip
bifid, with acute teeth. Tube of corolla widened or ventricose
under the throat, without any ring of hairs inside : upper lip
concave, or falcately compressed ; lateral lobes of lower lip ob-
long, ereclish, a little twisted : middle lobe spreading, roundish,
usually concave, emarginate, and crenulated. Connective de-
flexed behind, abruptly dilated, callous and connate at the extre-
mity.— European, African, and North Asiatic herbs. Leaves
usually erosely toothed or cut. Racemes elongated, simple, or
virgately panicled.
58 S. Bi'coLOR (Desf. in Fourcr. journ. de decouv. 1792.)
stem erect, a little branched, clothed with clammy pubescence ;
lower leaves petiolate, ample, ovate, deeply toothed, pinnatifid
or palmately lobed ; middle leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, deeply toothed : superior leaves sessile, lanceolate,
all cordate at the base, and clothed with clammy pubescence :
floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed ; racemes a
little branched, elongated ; whorls distant, 6-flowered ; calyxes
pedicellate, campanulate, striated, clothed with clammy hispid
hairs : teeth all subulate ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx ;
the tube equalling the calyx ; stamens exserted. %. H. Na-
tive of the north of Africa; and of Spain, in Andalusia. Sims,
hot mag. t. 1774. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 22. t. 2. Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. 1. p. 4. t. 7. S. crassifolia, Cav. hort. matr. descr.
p. 16. Jacq. fragm. p. 47. t. 60. This is a very beautiful and
distinct species, allied to S. Austriaca. Stems tetragonal. Ra-
dical leaves usually palmately pinnatifid. Racemes 1 to 2 feet
long, many-flowered. Corollas larger than those of <S'. Aus-
triaca : upper lip bluish-violet, spotted with white : lower lip
yellow.
Two-coloured-Rov,exe& Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
LABIAT/E. XXIX. Salvia.
731
59 S. Algerie'nsis (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 23. t. 3.) stem branch-
ed, hairy ; lower leaves ovate-oblong, crenated, running into the
petioles : middle and upper leaves few, sessile, usually quite en-
tire ; whorls 2-C-flowered, distinct ; calycine teeth setaceous,
spiny; bracteas reflexed. Tf.. H. Native of Algiers, near
Maiane. Calyxes nutant. Corollas blue, size of those of S.
jiraUnsis. This species is said to diftcr from .S'. hiiolor, in the
stem being hairy ; in the leaves being ovate-oblong, crenated,
not erose, and sinuately toothed, ex Desf.
Algiers Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
CO S. LATiFOLiA (Vaiil, enum. 1. p. 271.) stem rather pilose,
branched at top ; lower leaves petiolatc, oblong, attenuated at
the base : upper ones sessile, cordate ; racemes clothed with
clammy villi ; whorls remote, 4-flowered ; calyx campanulate,
striated, villous, with setaceous teeth ; bracteas cordate, acu-
minated, glabrous inside, one half shorter than the calyxes. It.
H. Native of Tangiers. Stems purplish. Upper leaves ses-
sile, 2-3 inches long, very blunt, attenuated at the base, veiny,
villous. Pedicels very short. Corolla much larger than the
calyx. Very nearly allied to <S'. Algericnsis ; but differs in the
leaves being remotely toothed, and the seeds larger, &c.
Broad-leaved Sage. PI.
()1 S. inamce'na (Valil, enum. 1. p. 269.) stem erect, branch-
ed, clammy and hispid ; leaves petiolate, ample, ovate, deeply
toothed, cordate at the base, hispid : upper leaves lanceolate-
linear : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, reflexed ; racemes elon-
gated, a little branched ; whorls 6-flowered, distant ; calyxes
shorter than the pedicels, amply campanulate, striated, hispid :
teeth all short and stiff; genitals hardly exserted. %. H.
Native of Spain, Schousboe. Leaves a hand long. Corollas
size of tiiose of S. Sclarea, pubescent outside. Pedicels clothed
with clammy villi.
Unpleasant Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
62 S. Austri'aca (Lin. syst. veg. p. 69.) stem erect, nearly
naked, pubescent ; radical leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, erose-
ly toothed, cordate, rounded or cuneated at the base, wrin-
kled, glabrous above and pubescent beneath : cauline leaves
few : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, ciliateJ, about etjual in
length to the calyxes ; racemes a little branclied ; whorls about 6-
flowered : lower ones distant : upper ones approximate ; calyxes
nearly sessile, campanulate, very pilose ; corolla 3 times as long
as the calyx, the tube a little exserted. If.. H. Native of
Lower Austria, Hungary, Transylvania, Moldavia ; frequent in
Tauria, and Caucasus. Jacq. fl. auslr. 2. p. 8. t. 112. Lindl.
bot. reg. t. 1019. S. Sclarea, Crantz, austr. p. 236. but not of
Lin. Salvia distans, Pohl, ex Steud. nom. 725. Sclarea dis-
tans, Mcench. meth. Stems bluntly tetragonal. Radical leaves
3-4 inches long: cauline ones 2 inciies long, pinnatifid. Corolla
cream-coloured, beset with clammy pili outside, size of that of
>S. pratensis.
Austrian Sage. Fl. June, Jid. Clt. 1776. PL 2 to 3 feet.
63 S. limba'ta (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 86.) stems erect,
almost naked, pubescent ; radical leaves petiolate, broad-ovate,
entire, erosely toothed, cordate at the base, very much wrinkled,
green, and rather hairy on both surfaces ; cauline leaves few,
sessile : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, shorter than the calyx ;
racemes branched ; whorls 2-6-flowered, distant ; calyxes nearly
sessile, broadly campanulate, rather hispid ; corolla about thrice
as long as the calyx, the tube a little exserted ; genitals ex-
serted. %. H. Native of Caucasus, in dry stony places on
the Talusch mountains. Very nearly allied to S. Austriaca ;
but differs in the leaves being shorter, more wrinkled ; in the
racemes being fewer-flowered ; in the calyx being more broadly
campanulate, and hardly hairy.
Limbale Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
64 S. ceratophylloi'des (Lin. mant. p, 26.) stem ascending?
villous ; leaves oblong, deeply pinnatifid, with oblong-lanceo-
late, deeply toothed lobes, much wrinkled, glabrous : superior
leaves nearly sessile: floral leaves ovate, acute, one half shorter
than the calyxes ; racemes elongated, branched a little ; whorls
remote, 2-6-flovvered ; calyxes pedicellate, campanulate, hispid ;
teeth of lower lip lanceolate, acute ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx: the tube exserted a little. %.1 H. Native of the
region of the Mediterranean ; on arid hills of Calabria ; and
south of Sicily. Corollas of iS'. pratensis, but smaller, larger
than those of 6'. verbenaca, violaceous or blue.
Stag-liorn-like-lcavcd Sage. Fl. June, May. Clt. 1771.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
65 S. prate'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 35.) stems erect, almost sim-
ple, pubescent ; radical leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, obtuse,
crenated, or cut, cordate at the base, bullately wrinkled, gla-
brous above, with the petioles and nerves pubescent beneath ;
cauline leaves few, sessile : uppermost ones lanceolate, acumi-
nated: floral leaves cordate-ovate, shorter than the calyxes, rather
reflexed ; racemes clammy, nearly simple ; whorls 6-flowered,
distant ; calyxes nearly sessile, campanulate, clothed with clam-
my villi ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, the tube equal
in length to the calyx; genitals exserted. %. H. Native of
Middle and South Europe, in dry, grassy fields, and by way-
sides ; as of Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Italy,
Greece, Caucasus, Sweden, Russia. Smith, engl. bot. t. 153.
S. agrestis, Lin. amcen. acad. 3. p. 399. ? S. haematodes,
Lin. spec. p. 35. S. Barrelieri, Tenor, fl. nap. I. p. 9. t. 2.
Schranck, hort. mon. I. t. 5. S. 'J'enorii, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
65. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. 1. t. 26. S. rubicunda, Wenderoth.
S. virgata, Sav. bot. etrusc. 2. p. 4. ex Tenore, syll. p. 17. but
not of Jacq. S. variegata, Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. enum. 1.
p. S&. S. tricolor, Hortul. — Berg. phyt. 2. t. 95. — Blackvv. t.
258. — Plenck, icon. t. 22. This species is variable in height
and pubescence, but the flowers are always large, usually blue,
rarely reddish, or white. Racemes simple, or furnished with a
few small branches. Root thick. Leaves in the more southern
varieties more or less spotted with red.
Meadow Sage. Fl. ftLay, June. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
66 S. DUMETORUJr (Andrz. in Bess. enum. fl. volh. 3. & 40.)
stem erect, almost simple, pubescent ; radical and lower cauline
leaves petiolate, ovate, doubly crenated, deeply crenated at the
base, wrinkled, glabrous on both surfaces, or pubescent on the
nerves and petioles beneath ; cauline leaves few, sessile, broadly
ovate-cordate, acute ; floral leaves roundish-cordate, shorter
than the calyxes, at length reflexed ; racemes almost simple,
clammy; whorls 6-flowered, remote; calyxes almost sessile,
campanulate, striated, clothed with clammy villi ; corolla about
3 times longer than the calyx : tube equal in length to the
calyx; genitals almost inclosed. %. H. Native of Altaia, in
fields at the river Tscharyseh ; and in the Kirghisean Steppe at
the river Nura Ledcb ; and in the valley of Cashmere, Royle.
Corollas blue. This species differs from S. pratensis in the
leaves being smaller, less wrinkled, and more entire, the lower
ones on longer petioles, the whorls more remote, and the flowers
about half the size.
Bush Sage. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
67 S. Lusita'nica (Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 57. t. 38. exclusive
of the syn. of Vahl and Poir.) stem erect, pilose, clammy ;
radical leaves petiolate ; cauline leaves few, stem-clasping, all
triangularly ovate, truncate at the base, somewhat cordate, acute,
deeply toothed, much wrinkled, glabrous above, and villous be-
neath; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, equalling the calyxes;
racemes branched ; whorls 6-flowered, distant ; calyxes nearly
sessile, campanulate, striated, hispid, rather veiny ; corolla about
twice as long as the calyx, with an inclosed tube. %■ H. Na-
tive of Spain and Portugal. Sclarea Lusitanica, Mill. diet. no.
5 A 2
732
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
3. ? This species is very nearly allied to iS'. jiratensis, S. dume-
tbrum, and S. virgata. It has the small flovvers of the two
latter species, and the branching panicle of >S'. virgata. Corollas
blue.
Portugal Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
68 S. virga'ta (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol. 1. p. 39.) stem
erect, branched, pubescently villous ; radical leaves petiolate,
amply ovate, cordate at tiie base : lower cauline leaves on short
petioles, ample, ovate-oblong, rounded or cordate at the base :
upper cauline ones more sessile, and smaller : uppermost ones
cordately stem-clasping, acuminated, all erosely crenated, wrin-
kled, almost glabrous above, and pubescent on the nerves be-
neath, or hispid ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, somewhat
reflexed, shorter than the calyxes; racemes branched, elongated ;
whorls 6-flowered, distant ; calyxes pedicellate, campanulate,
striated, clothed with clammy villi ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx, with an inclosed tube. 1/ . H. Native of Italy, about
Rome, and in fields on Mount St. Angelo. Jacq. hort. vind. 1.
p. 14. t. 37. S. Tiberina, Mauri, ex Requien. S. Garganica,
Tenore, ind. sem. hort. neap. 1829. syll. p. 18. S, caduca,
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 30, S. gigantea, Desf. cat. hort. par. 2.
p. 68. S. Pyrenaica, Lin. spec. p. 36. S. grandidentata,
Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1. p. 29.? S. amplexica^ilis,
Lam. ill. 1. p. 68.? S. riibra, Spreng. cur. post. 17. S.
Caucasica, Schranck, in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 58. S. aftlnis,
Spreng, ex Steud. nom. S. Bauliini, S. Barrelieri, S. quercifolia,
S. Taiirica, and S. Taurina, Hortul.. — Riv. mon. irr, t. 63. Co-
rollas white, pale red, or pale blue. This species differs from
S. pratensis in the large panicle, in the elongated, few-flowered
racemes, in the larger leaves, and smaller flowers. The calyxes
and floral leaves are clammy, and hardly coloured.
Twiggy Sage. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1758. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
69 S. RUGC>sA (Thunb. prod. fl. cap. p. 97.) stem ascending,
very villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, erosely toothed, cordate at the base, bullately wrinkled,
pubescent on both surfaces ; floral leaves ovate-cordate, acute,
rather shorter than the calyxes; racemes a little branched; whorls
6-10-flowered, remote ; calyx campanulate, striated, clothed with
clammy villi ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, the tube equal-
ling the calyx. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corollas white, tinged with red. This species differs from S.
disermas in the form of the leaves, large and widely campanulate
calyxes, and in the corollas being white.
Wrinkkd-XeaveA Sage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
70 S. viscosA (Jacq. misc. 2. p. 328. icon. rar. 1. p. 2. t. 5.)
stem erect, clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves petiolate,
broad-ovate, crenulated, sub-sinuated, cordate at the base,
wrinkled, rather villous on both surfaces, clammy : superior
leaves sessile : floral leaves rounded, half the length of the
calyxes ; racemes elongated, branched ; whorls remote, usually
6-flowered ; calyx campanulate, clothed with clammy villi ; co-
rolla 3 times as long as the calyx, the tube exserted. \. H.
Native of Spain, Italy, &c. All parts of the plant are clothed
with clammy pubescence. Stems with few leaves at top. Ra-
dical leaves 8 inches long, and 4-5 broad : cauline ones be-
coming gradually smaller as they ascend. Corolla 8-9 lines
long, violaceous, glabrous outside. Allied to S. virgata.
Clammy Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1773. PI. 2 to 4
feet.
7 1 S. dise'bmas (Lin. spec. p. 26.) stems procumbent at the
base ; branches ascending, and clothed with clammy villi ; lower
leaves petiolate : superior ones nearly sessile, all oblong-lance-
olate, erose, rounded at the base, or cordate, clothed with
clammy villi on both surfaces : floral leaves broad-ovate, acute,
about equal in length to the calyxes ; racemes a little branched;
whorls 6-10-flowered, remote ; calyx ovate-tubular, clothed
with clammy villi, striated ; lower calycine teeth lanceolate,
acute ; corolla exceeding the calyx but little, the tube equalling
the calyx. % . H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hor-
minum disermas, Moench. meth. Allied to S. verhenaca and
6'. clandeslina. Corollas white.
Two-glumed Sage. Fl. July. Clt. 1773. PI. 1 foot. ?
72 S. SiBTHORPii (Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. 17. t. 22.) stem
erect, rather panicled at top, villous ; radical leaves petiolate,
ample : superior leaves sessile, all ovate, coarsely and doubly
crenated, a little cut, glabrous above, wrinkled, villous beneath :
floral leaves roundish, acuminated, rather coloured, shorter than
the calyxes ; racemes elongated, brachiate, branched, rather ca-
nescent ; whorls numerous, distinct, 6-10-flowered ; calyx tubu-
larly campanulate, villous ; lower calycine teeth lanceolate, very
acute ; corolla hardly twice as long as the calyx, the tube ex-
serted. 11. H. Native of Europe, in the region of the Medi-
terranean, in grassy places, and by way-sides ; as of Greece,
South of Podolia, Bulgaria, about Smyrna, Tauria, &c. ; also in
the valley of Cashmere, Royle. S. campestris, Bieb. fl. cauc.
1. p. 20. and 3. p. 22. Rchb. icon. bot. 6. p. 21. t. 529. S.
Hypanica, Andrz. in Bess. enum. pi. pod. 3. S. mollis, Jacq.
fil. eel. 1. p. 56. t. 37. .'' exclusive of the syn. of Donn. S.
amplexicaulis, S. Barrelieri, S. Caucasica, S. Taurica, and S.
virgata, &c. Hortul. Very nearly allied to S. sylvestris and S.
virgata; it differs from the first in the less leafy, more villous
stem, and more ample leaves, which are 6-9 inches long, and
3-4 broad ; and from the latter in the whorls being more nume-
rous and more approximate, in the calyx being larger, and in the
floral leaves being membranous and coloured.
Siblliorps Sage. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
73 S. sylve'stris (Lin. spec. p. 34.) stem erect, panicled at
top ; lower leaves petiolate : superior ones sessile, all oblong-
lanceolate, crenated, rounded, or usually cordate at the base,
wrinkled, glabrous above, and paler and pubescent beneath, or
canescent ; floral leaves orbicular, acuminated, coloured, about
equal in length to the calyxes, imbricated before florescence,
but afterwards a little reflexed ; racemes elongated, a little
branched ; whorls 6-10-flowered, distinct ; calyx ovate-tubular ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx, the tube equalling the ca-
lyx. %. H. Native of East and middle Europe, and middle
Asia, in grassy fields ; Spain, South of France, Sicily, Naples,
Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Greece, Persia, Tauria,
and Caucasus, Siberia, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. 3. p. 7. t. 212.
Rchb. icon. bot. 6. p. 20. t. 527. S. nemorosa, Lin. spec. p.
35. Poit. et Turp. fl. par. t. Sb.l Rchb. icon. bot. 6. p. 19.
t. 526. S. deserta, Schangin, in Led. cat. hort. dorp. 1824. p.
6. Rchb. icon. bot. IS. p. 21. t. 528. S. Valentina, Vahl,
enum. 1. p. 268. S. elata, Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 24. and proba-
bly of Tenore, syll. p. 18. S. amplexicaulis. Lam. ill. I. \u
68. ? S. alpestris, S. asperula, and S. Taurina, Hortul. Scla-
rea punctata, Mcench. meth. Sclarea sylvestris. Mill. diet. no.
7. Sclarea nemorosa, Mill. diet. no. 6. Sclarea Syriaca, Mill.
diet. no. 5. This species is very variable in height and villosity,
but with a very distinct habit. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Co-
rollas purplish violet.
Wild Sage. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 17-9. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
74 S. pe'ndula (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 281.) stem erect, villous;
lower leaves petiolate : upper ones sessile, all oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, doubly crenated, rather cordate at the base, wrinkled,
pubescent ; floral leaves orbicular, acuminated, about half as
long as the calyxes, permanent, reflexed; racemes a little branch-
ed, rather nutant at apex; whorls 6-10-flowered, distinct ; ca-
lyx tubular, pubescent ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, the
tube a little exserted. %. H. Native of Transylvania, and
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
733
Podolia. S. betonicajfolia, Ettling, salv. 49. S. Cremenecen-
sis, Bess. cnum. pi. volli. p. 40. This species differs from S^
nutans in the stem being leafy, in the leaves being narrower, and
on shorter petioles, the racemes few, elongated, and loose, and
the flowers larger, &c. Corollas violaceous, larger than those
of S. syhestris.
Pcridulous-racemeA Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
75 S. nu'tans (Lin. spec. p. 39.) stem pubescent, nearly
naked ; leaves all radical, or nearly so, on long petioles, ovate-
oblong, doubly crenated, sub-cordate at tlie base, wrinkled ;
floral leaves orbicular ; racemes short, on long peduncles, pani-
cled, drooping at the time of flowering ; whorls about 6-flower-
ed, approximate ; calyxes reflexed, pubescent ; corolla twice as
long as the calyx, the tube equalling the calyx. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of the East of Europe, Podolia, and Galicia, Hungary,
and Transylvania, Siberia, Tauria, and Caucasus, &c. VValdst. et
Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 63. t. 62. Sims, bot. mag. 2436. S. acu-
tifolia. Lam. ill. 1. p. 683. S. pendula, Besser. fl. galic. but not
of Vahl. S. hastata, Ettling, salv. 46. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 280.
S. betonicaefolia, Ettling, salv. p. 49. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 23. —
Kniph. cent. 7. t. 79. — Nov. act. petrop. 1. p. 378. t. 14.
Stems nearly simple. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long, glabrous
above, and pubescent beneath. Racemes spike-formed, 1-2
inches long. Corolla violaceous, 4-5 lines long. Stamens
inclosed.
Z))oopino--racemed Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1780. PI. I
to 3 feet.
76 S. scLAREofoEs (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 17. phyt. 3. t. 2.)
stems erect, almost simple, pilose ; radical leaves petiolate, ob-
long-ovate, obtuse, crenated, or a little cut, cordate at the base,
buUately wrinkled, glabrous above, but the petioles and nerves
are pilose beneath ; cauline leaves few, sessile : upper ones
lanceolate, acuminated : floral leaves cordate-ovate, shorter than
the calyxes, a little reflexed ; racemes cl.immy, nearly simple ;
calyxes nearly sessile, campanulate, clothed with clammy villi ;
corolla hardly twice as long as the calyx, the tube equalling the
calyx. If.. H. Native of the South of Europe, as of Portu-
gal, and Italy. S. Lusitanica, Poir. diet. 6. p. 606. but not of
Jacq. S. elongata, Spreng. pug. pi. min. cogn. 1. p. 43. S.
bullata, Schousb. ex Vahl. enum. 1. p. 265. This species
differs from S. pratensis in the flowers being smaller. Habit
of .S'. clandeslhta, but the leaves are very distinct. Corollas
violaceous.
Clary-like Sage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
77 S. kudicau'lis (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 266.) stems erect, nearly
naked, clothed with hoary villi ; leaves all radical, or nearly so,
petiolate, oblong-linear, or lanceolate, acute, erosely toothed,
somewhat cordate at the base, bullately wrinkled, glabrous
above, canescent and sub-villous beneath ; floral leaves ovate-
roundish, shorter than the caly.xes, a little reflexed, perma-
nent ; racemes simple, or branched : whorls 6-flowered, dis-
tant ; calyxes nearly sessile, campanulate, striated, clothed with
clammy villi ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. %. H.
Native of Arabia. S. Abyssinica, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 88. ? but
not of other authors. S. Merjarnie, Forsk. fl. arab. p. 10.
Nearly allied to S. bullata, but differs in the narrower, more
wrinkled, erosely toothed leaves.
Naked-stemmed Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
78 S. verbena'ca (Lin. spec. p. 35.) stem erect, pubescent,
or villous ; leaves broad-ovate, or oblong, crenated, wrinkled,
glabrous : lower ones on long petioles, narrowed at the base :
superior ones broader, sessile, cordate at the base ; floral leaves
ovate-roundish, acuminated, villous, permanent, rather shorter
than the calyxes, reflexed after florescence ; racemes elongated,
simple, or a little branched ; whorls remote, about 6-flowered ;
calyx ovate, hairy; corolla one-half longer than the calyx, the
tube equalling the calyx. %. H. Native of North and middle
Europe ; as of Britain, North of France, Sweden, Denmark,
Germany, Italy, European Russia, about Constantino])le, Tauria,
and Caucasus, &-c. Smith, engl. bot. t. 154. Curt. lond. 6. t.
1. S. Spielmanni, Willd. enum. p. 38. but not of Scop. S.
Spielmanniana, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 21. S. Illyrica, Sehultes,
obs. bot. 8. S. micrantha, Desf. cat. hort. par. but not of
Vahl. S. horminoides, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 32/. S. Bysan-
tina, and S. heterophylla, Hortul. Horminum verbenaceum,
Mill. diet. no. 1. Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 14. f. 33. Leaves
3-4 inches long, 1-2 broad. Corollas blue, rarely white, size of
those of S. Horminum. The herb and flowers prove very aro-
matic when rubbed. The seeds produce a great quantity of
mucilage when moistened, whence they become serviceable for
removing extraneous matter from the eyes. If put under the
eye-lashes for a few moments the tears dissolve their mucilage,
which envelopes any sand or dust, and brings it out. Hence
some old authors has called the plant Ocultis christi, and others
of our own country have derived our English name C'lar7j from
the same circumstance.
Far. (i, ohlongifoUa (Benth. lab. p. 240.) leaves oblong, cre-
nated, hardly cut. %. H. Cultivated in gardens. S. oblon-
gata, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 256. S. betonicasfolia. Lam. ill. 1. p.
70. but not of Ettling.
Var. y, ? incisa (Benth. 1. c.) leaves broad-ovate, cut : lobes
ovate, acute, approximate. 1^. H. Native of France, about
Toulouse. This is probably a variety of S. clandesllna.
Vervain Sage, or Clary. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
79 S. clandesti'na (Lin. spec. p. S6. but not of his herb.)
stem herbaceous, erect, pubescent, or villous ; leaves ovate-ob-
long, deeply toothed, or pinnatifid, wrinkled, glabrous : lower
ones petiolate, narrowed at the base, truncate, or sub-cordate ;
floral leaves ovate-roundish, acuminated, villous, permanent ;
racemes simple, or a little branched ; lower whorls remote :
upper ones approximate, about 6-flowered ; caly.x ovate, hairy ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of the South
of Europe, and North of Africa; and Madeira, in dry places,
and by way sides ; Spain, Portugal, South of France, Sardinia,
Dalmatia, Syria, Caucasus, &c. S. verbenaca, Vahl, enum. 1.
p. 255. Rchb. icon. bot. 6. p. 17. t. 523. S. verbenacioides,
Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 17. S. polyniorpha, Hoftm. et Link, fl. port.
I. p. 149. t. 19. Rchb. icon. bot. 6. p. 18. t. 524. f 719. S.
acutata. Link, et Brot. phyt. lus. p. 116. S. obtus^ta. Link, et
Brot. 1. c. S. parviflora. Link, et Brot. 1. c. but not of Vahl.
S. clandestinoide?. Link, jahrb. 3. p. 169. S. prae'cox, Savi, fl.
pis. 1. p. 22. Lois. not. (i. but not of Vahl. S. pallidiflora,
St. Aman. fl. agen. 10. S. coilina, Lowe, prim. fl. mad. p. 19.
S. variabilis, var. Lois. fl. gall. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 16. S. ob-
longata, Rchb. icon. bot. 6. p. 16. t. 521, but not of Vahl. S.
micrantha, Desf cat. bort. par. ex Rchb. 1. c. but not of Vahl.
5. Viviani, Spreng. in Sieb. pi. apul. et calab. ex Rchb. 1. c.
Corollas pale blue or pale purple. This is a very variable plant,
very nearly allied to iS'. verbenaca, but is always much smaller,
with the leaves crowded at tlie bottom of the stem, narrower,
and more deeply cut.
Var. fi,midt'ifida (Benth. lab. p. 241.) leaves deeply pinnatifid,
with ovate-oblong lobes. X. H. S. multifida, Sibtli. tt Smith,
fl. graec. 1. p. 17. t. 23. Rchb. icon. bot. 6. p. IS. t. 524. f.
720. S. clandestina, Vahl, enum. I. p. 256. Rchb. icon. bot.
6. p. 18. t. b-Z5. S. laciniata, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 2. S.
erosa, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 68. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 49. S.
ceratophylloides, Willd. enum. 1. |). 297. ex Rchb. I. c. but not
of Lin. — Horminum, &c. Barrel, icon. 24. t. 200.
Clandestine Sage. Fl. Mav, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. h to 1 foot.
734
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
80 S. contrave'rsa (Tenore, syll. fl. nap. p. 18.) stem pu-
bescent, or villous ; leaves oblong, deeply pinnatifiil, witb ob-
long-linear, very blunt, deeply crenated lobes, buUately wrin-
kled, rather pilose on both surfaces, with revolute margins ;
lower leaves petiolate : superior ones sessile : floral leaves round-
ish, acuminated, villous, scarcely shorter than the calyxes ; ra-
cemes branched; whorls C-10-flowered : lower ones remote:
superior ones approximate ; calyx ovate, clothed w'ith long
hairs ; corolla shorter than the calyx, or a half longer. If. H.
Native of the region of the Mediterranean ; as of Spain, Cala-
bria, Cyprus, Syria ; Egypt, in the Great Syrtus ; also of the
Cape of Good Hope. S. clandestina, Lin herb, but not of his
spec. p. 36. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 1. p. IS. t. 24. S.
lanigera, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 48. Habit of S. clandestina, but
more humble and more branched ; the leaves more deeply cut,
lobed almost to the midrib. Corolla pale purple.
Far. ft, grandiflbra (Benth. lab. p. 719.) corolla more than
twice as long as the calyx. "](.. H. Native near Jaffa, in the
sand by the sea-side, Bove.
Twisted Sage. PL J to f foot.
81 S. ? dese'rti (Decaisne, in ann. sc. nat. par. 1834. 2. p.
24S.) plant suffruticose, hoary ; branches divaricate, pubescent;
leaves small, few, oblong, petiolate, crenated, buUately wrinkled,
with reflexed margins, clothed with hoary pubescence ; floral
leaves small : uppermost ones very small ; whorls 2-6-flowered,
distant ; calyx ovate-campanulate, beset with very long hairs :
teeth all nearly equal, or the upper one is smaller. Ij . G. Na-
tive of the desert of Sinai, Bove. Habit of S. conlravirsa and
S. /Egyptlaca.
Desert Sage. Siirub.
82 S. Nu~BiA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol. 1. p. 42. but not
of other authors.) stem erect, villous, canescent ; lower leaves
on long petioles : superior ones sessile, or cordately stem-clasp-
ing, all oblong-ovate, or lanceolate, obtuse, or acuminated, irre-
gularly crenated, or erose, cordate at the base, much wrinkled,
clothed with fine pubescence above, and hoary tomentum
beneath, or rather woolly ; racemes very villous, dense, branch-
ed ; whorls 6-flowered, approximate ; calyx ovate, clothed with
soft, hair-like wool ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx.
l/.H. Native of Abyssinia. Hahh of S. verbenaca. Leaves
almost like those of S. sylvestris. Racemes like those of S.
cuniraversa, but more branched, and more dense, and the stem
is taller.
Nubian &age. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1784. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
f Doubtful species, probably belonging to the present section.
83 S. Barrelie'ri (Ettling, salv. p. 46. ex Vahl, enum. 1. p.
269.) stem erect, leafy ; leaves petiolate, hairy, hastately 7-
lobed : middle lobe lanceolate, acute, all unequally serrated ;
bracteas small, ovate, ciliated, acute ; whorls 6-flowered ; calyx
villous, 5-toothed. 2/. H. Native of Spain.
Barrelier's Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
84 S. PARviFLORA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 268. Labill. pi. syr.
rar. dec. 4. p. 13. t. 7.) stems erect, hoary ; leaves cordate, ob-
long, veiny, wrinkled, greenish grey, crenated, villous beneath :
upper ones sessile ; flowers pedicellate ; whorls 2-6-flovvered ;
bracteas cordate, ovate, acute, hardly the length of the calyxes ;
calyx tomentose, rather hoary, one-half shorter than the corolla;
stamens inclosed. 7/ . H. Native of Syria, near Damascus,
and on the mount called Dgebel-cher. Corollas rather tomen-
tose, yellowish. Nearly allied to S. Nubia.
Small-Jlomered Sage. PI. I5 foot.
Sect. VH. Micro'sphace (from fxiKpoQ, micros, small ; and
crdiaKos, sphakos, sage ; in allusion to the small corollas.) Benth.
lab. p. 244. Calyx ovate ; upper lip entire. Corolla small ;
tube inclosed, without any ring of hairs inside ; lips very short ;
upper lip erect : lateral lobes of lower lip spreading. Con-
nective deflexed behind, linear, combined longitudinally. Lower
lobe of style flattened, dilated, rounded. — Procumbent, Ameri-
can herbs.
85 S. occidenta'lis (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 23.) diffuse,
procumbent, glabrous, or pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate, acute, serrated, rounded at the base, or cuneated, glabrous
or hispid ; floral leaves sessile, hardly longer than the pedicels,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, permanent ; racemes elongated, branched
a little at the base ; whorls 2-6-flowered, remote ; flowers
minute ; calyx tubular, clothed with glandular villi : teeth of
lower lip obtuse ; corolla a half longer than the calyx. 1/ . S.
Native of Tropical America, in waste fields ; Mexico, Jamaica,
St. Domingo, Cuba, Martinico, Trinidad, Antigua, Peru, in the
valley of Lima, and elsewhere on the same coast. S. prociim-
bens, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 27. t. 39. f. a. S. radicans,
Poir. suppl. 6. p. 621. Hy'ptis glandidosa, Sieb. fl. mart, exsic.
no. 151. Verbena minima chamaedryos folio, Sloane, jam. 1. p.
172. t. 107. Stems numerous, tetragonal. Leaves 1 to 1^
inches long. Racemes like those of Verbena officinalis. Corolla
blue, glabrous.
Western Sage. PI. procumbent.
86 S. mise'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 290.)
herbaceous ; stems pilose ; leaves roundish rhomboid, acute,
rather cuneated at the base, crenated, glabrous ; whorls gene-
rally 6-flowered, remote ; calyx beset with glandular hairs. If.
S. Native of New Spain, in most places between Acapulco and
La Venta del Exido. Stem branched, difl[use ; branches as-
cending. Leaves on short petioles, 2-4 lines long. Racemes
filiform. Bracteas roundish-ovate, hairy, acuminated, decidu-
ous, shorter than the calyxes. Corolla violet. ? This species
hardly differs from iS". oceidentalis.
Pityful Sage. PI. J to 1 foot. •
Sect. VIH. Calo'sphace (from koXoq, kalos, beautiful ; and
(TfaKoe, sjm/ios, sage ; many of the species contained in this
section are showy.) Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 374. lab.
p. 245. Calyx ovate, tubular, or campanulate : upper lip en-
tire, or shortlj' tridentate. Tube of corolla exserted, or in-
closed, without any ring of hairs inside, but sometimes furnished
near the base with two teeth : upper lip of corolla straight,
concave, entire, or usually a little emarginate ; lobes of lower
lip spreading. Connective deflexed behind, linear, longitudinally
connate. Lower lobe of style subulate. — Herbs, undershrubs, or
shrubs, variable in habit, but readily distinguished from the
other sections. Leaves entire, serrated, crenated, rarely quite
entire.
§ 1. Micra'nth^ {fiiKpoE, mikros, small; &nd aidoc, anthos,
a flower ; flowers small.) Benth. lab. p. 245. Corolla hardly
3 lines long, half as long again, rarely almost twice as long as
the calyx, with an inclosed tube : lower lip almost twice as long
as the upper, which is erect. — Herbs, with blue inconspicuous
corollas.
87 S. obscu'ra (Benth. lab. p. 245.) herbaceous, diffuse ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, serrated, narrowly cuneated at the
base, glabrous or hispid above, green on both surfaces : floral
leaves permanent, sessile, ovate, acuminated, shorter than the
calyxes ; racemes elongated, simple ; whorls 2-6-flovvered, re-
mote ; flowers minute ; calyx tubular, clothed with rather glan-
dular villi, increasing in the fructiferous state : upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip shortly and subulately acumi-
nated ; corolla a half longer than the calyx ; lobes of style subu-
late. ■y.?S. Native of Jamaica. Very nearly allied to <S'.
LABIATJi:. XXIX. Salvia.
735
occidentaUs ; but differs in the lobes of the calyx being subu-
lately-acuniinated ; in tlie lobes of the style being acute and
subulate, not roundish and flattened.
Obscure Sage. PI A to 1 foot. ?
88 S. ripa'ria (H. B. et Kuntb, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 300.)
stem herbaceous, erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves ovate- ob-
long, acute, cordate, serrated, pilosely pubescent on both sur-
faces ; ivhorls many-flowered, rather remote ; calyx subcampa-
nulate, striated, beset with glandular hairs, having the upper lip
tricuspidate, and the lower one bifid, the segments acuminately
subulate; corolla a little longer than the calyx. ■y..?S. Na-
tive of Peru, between Guancabamba and Paramo de Guamani,
Huiiib. et Bonpl. ; on the banks of the river Chulucana. Herb
canescent, sweet-scented. Leaves on siiort petioles, an inch
long. Racemes 3-4 inches long. Bracteas roundish-ovate,
acute, hardly longer than the pedicels, w hich are pilose. Corollas
bluish.
River-side Sage. PI. ?
89 S. tene'lla (Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 45. t. 2.) stems herba-
ceous, small, procumbent; branches ascending, pubescent, leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, roundish, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the
base, clothed with adpressed pubescence above, but glabrous
beneath ; floral leaves lanceolate, minute, permanent ; racemes
short ; whorls about 6-flowered ; flowers minute ; calyx tubu-
lar, clothed with glandular villi, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip very short and bluntish ; corolla ex-
ceeding the calyx a very little : upper lip short, truncate ; lobes
of style subulate. 1/ . ? S. Native of Jamaica. Habit of
Veronica agreslis. Corollas blue.
Slender Sage. PI. procumbent.
90 S. micra'ntha (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 235.) stems herbaceous,
erect, glabrous or pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate,
obtuse, irregularly crenated, a little curled, truncate at the base
or cordate, nearly glabrous ; floral leaves lanceolate, shorter
than the pedicels ; racemes simple ; whorls 6-10-flowered ;
flowers minute ; calyx tubular, clothed with glandular villi,
having the upper lip quite entire, and the teeth of the lower lip
obtuse ; corolla a half longer than the calyx : upper lip short,
truncate; lobes of style subulate. 0. S. Native of Alexico,
and near the Havana, in Cuba. S. bullata, Ort. dec. 9. p. 109.
Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 4-. p. 41. t. 481. S. serotina, Vahl, enum.
1. p. 232. but not of Lin. S. foliis cordato-ovatis, &c. Ard,
spec. ]. p. 10. t. 2. Leaves small. Corollas blue.
Small-flowered Sage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. i
foot.
91 S. SEROTINA (Lin. mant. p. 25.) stems herbaceous, pubes-
cent or villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, trun-
cate at the base, somewhat cordate, wrinkled, villous above, and
clothed with soft woolly pubescence beneath ; floral leaves lan-
ceolate, shorter than the pedicels ; racemes simple ; whorls
about 6-flowered ; flowers minute ; calyx tubular, clothed with
glandular villi, having the upper lip almost entire, and the teeth
of lower lip acutish ; corolla exceeding the calyx a little : upper
lip short, truncate; lobes of style subulate. 1^. ? S. Native
of the Bahama Islands, Trinidad, Santa Cruz, Jamaica, &c.
Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 1. t. 3. S. Dominica, Vahl, enum. 1. p.
233. Swartz, obs. p. 18. t. 1. f. 1. but not of Lin. Allied to
S. iiiicrdntha, but smaller. Racemes loose, more branched and
more villous. Leaves villous. Corollas smaller, dirty white or
bluish.
iateSage. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. U foot.
92 S. hu'milis (Benth. lab. p. 24G.) stem herbaceous, erect,
branched, beset with spreading hairs; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate, acutish, crenated, rounded at the base or cordate, green
on both sides, and finely pubescent ; upper floral leaves mem-
branous, lanceolate, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls 2-4-
flovvered, loose, remote ; lower flowers in the axils of the cau-
line leaves ; calyx tubularly campanulate, villous, with the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower one acute, increased
very much in the fructiferous state. If.? S. Native of Mexico,
Karwinski. Habit and leaves of <S'. serolina ; but differs in the
whorls bc'inv; usually 2 -flowered, and in the lower whorls beimr
axillary, but particularly in the increased fructiferous calyx.
Humble Sage. PI. ^ foot. ?
93 S. iNcoNSPi'cuA (Benth. lab. p. 247.) stems procumbent ?
villous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, cre-
nated, cordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed with rufous tomen-
tum beneath ; floral leaves deciduous; racemes a little branch-
ed; whorls 4- 6-flovvered, loose; flowers small; calyx tubular,
striated, clothed with rather glandular villi, with the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip obtuse. !(; . ? S. Native
of Mexico, Haenke. This species differs froin S. micrdiUlui, in
the leaves being wrinkled and tomentose beneath. Stems elon-
gated, branched. Leaves 1 to \\ inch long : superior ones ses-
sile. Calyx of S. serolina, but stiffer, and the teeth more
obtuse.
Inconspicuous Sage. PI. procumbent. ?
94 S. TiLiiEFOLiA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 7.) stem herbaceous,
erect, almost glabrous or finely pubescent ; leaves broad-ovate,
crenated, truncate or nearly cordate at the base, softly wrinkled
and pubescent from a few hairs on both surfaces : floral leaves
membranous, lanceolate, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls
loose, approxiinate, (i-lO-flowered ; calyx tubular, with ciliated
nerves, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower
lip ovate-lanceolate, acute ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx,
with short erectish lips : lobes of style nearly equal, subulate.
%. S. Native of Caraccas, and the Andes of New Spain, near
the town of Pazcuara ; Mexico, at Jalapa, &c. Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. 3. p. 2. t. 254. S. fimbriata, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 2. p. 299. t. 149. ? Leaves with the petioles 1 to 1|
inch long. Corollas blue, variegated with white.
Lime-tree-leaved Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1793. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
95 S. PALE.EFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 303. t. 157.) stem
suffruticose, erect, and is, as well as the branches, pilose ;
leaves cordate-sagittate, rounded at top, crenated, hairy on both
surfaces, canescent beneath ; spikes panicled ; whorls 2 -flower-
ed, crowded ; calyx clothed with glandular hairs, campanulate,
striated, having the upper lip bluntish, and the teeth of the
lower lip acuminated ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx a
little : upper lip pubescent : middle segment of the lower lip
emargiiiately 2-lobed ; genitals exserted. fj . S. Native of
New Granada, between Popayan and Palace. Leaves petiolate,
2 inches long. Pedicels clothed with glandular pili. Flowers
size of those of Thijmus serjjijllum. Corollas blue.
Chaff-leaved Sage. Shrub.
9C S. FLEXuosA (Presl, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 248.) stem
difflise, twisted, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, ser-
rately crenated, roundly cuneated at the base, glabrous ; floral
leaves membranous, lanceolate, deciduous ; racemes simple ;
whorls 6-10-flowered ; flowers minute ; calyx tubular, glabrous
or ciliated on the nerves, with an entire upper lip, and the teeth
of the lower lip acutish ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx.
2/ . S. Native of Mexico, Hasnke. Allied to S. tiliccjolia,
but differs in the diffuse, twisted, glabrous stem. Leaves gla-
brous or minutely ciliated on the nerves and margins, not trun-
cate nor cordate at the base. Racemes 2-6 inches long.
Tmisled-siemmeA Sage. PI. diffuse.
97 S. lanceola'ta (Willd. enum. 1. p. 37.) stem herbaceous,
ascending, branched, glabrous; leaves petiolate, lanceolate-linear,
bluntish or acuminated, narrowed at the base, pubescent, hoary
while young ; floral leaves lanceolate-subulate, shorter than the
73G
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls generally 2-flowereJ, all re-
mote ; calyx Uibiilar, striated, glabrous, having the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip lanceolate, acute ; corolla
exceeding the calyx a little : upper lip straight. 0. H. Na-
tive of Mexico, Mo9ino et Sesse ; in the valley of Guanaxuato,
Humb. et Bonpl. ; at the river Missouri, Clarke and Lewis.
Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 13. t. 13. S. lancesefolia, Poir. suppl. 5.
p. 49. S. reflexa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1 . p. 34. S. aspidophylla,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. mant. 1. p. 206. S. trichostemmoides,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 19. Stem glabrous, or clothed with
hoary pubescence at top. Leaves 1^ to 2 inches long, obscurely
and bluntly serrated. Whorls 2-4-flowered. Corollas blue.
Z/anceo/oie-leaved Sage. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1813. PI. 1
foot.
98 S. leptophy'lla (Benth. lab. p. 249.) stem herbaceous,
ascending, branched, glabrous ; leaves nearly sessile, narrow-
linear, acute, quite entire, glabrous ; floral leaves deciduous ;
racemes simple ; whorls remote, generally 2-flowered ; calyx
tubular, striated, glabrous, with the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla about twice as long as the
calvx : tube inclosed ; style bifariously bearded. ©. ? H.
Native of Mexico. Nearly allied to S. lanceolala ; but differs
in the leaves being narrower, quite glabrous, and in the flowers
being larger ; and from ;S'. angustijolia, in the stem being gla-
brous, and in the flowers being much smaller.
Slender -leaved Sage. PI. 1 foot.
§ 2. Brachya'ntha (from /Jpaxue, ^'■acAj/i, short ; and ai'Sof,
anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the shortness of the flowers.)
Benth. lab. p. 249. Floral leaves hraclea-formed, deciduous.
Calyx glabrous, villous, or clothed with hoary tomentum. Corolla
4 lines lotig, or longer : tube inclosed, or hardly a half again as
long as the calyx : lower lip generally longer than the upper
one, flat, with rounded lobes : the middle lobe very large.
Flowers blue, rarely white or pale red, never scarlet nor yellow.
* Angustifoli/E. Leaves linear or lanceolate, very narrow
at the base, or cuneated, usually petiolate.
99 S. angustifolia (Cav. icon. 4. p. 9. t. 317.) stems her-
baceous, erect, glabrous, or beset with spreading hairs ; leaves
nearly sessile, oblong-linear, narrowed at both ends, quite entire
or serrated, glabrous ; floral leaves bractea-formed, linear-lan-
ceolate, deciduous ; racemes elongated, simple; whorls all dis-
tant, 2-6-flowered ; calyx tubular, striated, hispid, with the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube equalling the calyx :
middle lobe of lower lip emarginately bifid ; style bifariously
bearded. % . S. Native of Mexico, in bushy places near
Totonilco el Grande and Tlalpuxahua. Lindl. bot. reg. t.
1554. S. reptans, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3. p. 38. t. 319. S.
virgata, Ort. dec. 3. Stems numerous, twiggy, a little branch-
ed, leafy at the base, bluntly tetragonal. Leaves 1 \ inch long.
Calyx usually bluish. Corolla azure blue. Upper lobe of
style very long, subulate.
Narrow-leaved Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 180G. PI. 1 to
Ji foot.
100 S. PALLIDA (Benth. lab. p. 250.) stem herbaceous, pro-
cumbent, glabrous ; branches ascending, canescent ; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate-lanceolate or linear, acuminated, narrowed at the
base, clothed with hoary tomentum while young, but at length
glabrous ; floral leaves ovate at the base, but with a lono- linear
acumen at apex, deciduous; racemes simple, elongated; whorls
remote, about C-flowered ; calyx nearly sessile, tubular, stri-
ated, clothed with hoary tomentum, with the upper lip entire.
and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla about twice
as long as the calyx, downy outside; tube ventricose, equalling
the calyx; style pubescent beneath. •2i.?S. Native of the
south of Brazil, Sello ; at Buenos Ayres, Parker. S. canes-
cens, Benth. mss. but not of Meyer. Habit of S. lanceolate ;
but the stems are more procumbent and elongated ; the branches
canescent ; the leaves more acute. Flowers size of those of
Stachys annua.
Pale Sage. PI. procumbent.
101 S. azu'rea (Lam. diar. hist. nat. 1. p. 409.) stem herba-
ceous, erect, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or
linear, bluntish, narrowed a long way at the base, subserrated,
green on both surfaces, and glabrous ; floral leaves lanceolate-
linear, deciduous ; racemes simple, elongated ; whorls distant,
generally 6-flovvered ; calyxes nearly sessile, tubular, striated,
nearly glabrous, with the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip broad, acutish ; corolla more than twice as long as the
calyx, pubescent outside : tube ventricose, a half again as long
as the calyx; style bifariously bearded. 1^.? H. Native of
the southern states of North America, as of Carolina, Upper
Georgia, Eastern Florida, Jacksonville, Alabama, Arkansas,
&c. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1728. S. Mexicana, Walt. fl. car. p.
65. but not of Lin. S. elata, Poir. diet. 6. p. 625. S. angus-
tifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 13. but not of Cav. S.
acuminata. Vent. hort. eels. 50. t. 50. S. acuminata, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 24. S. longifolia, Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s.
5. p. 185. Herb tall, green or bluish. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, stiffish, entire or few-toothed. Whorls subsecund. Calyx
pubescent, green or bluish. Corolla blue, downy outside.
//zwrc-blue-flowered Sage. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 4 to
6 feet.
102 S. Pitche'ri (Torrey, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 251.) stem
herbaceous, erect, tomentose, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ob-
long-lanceolate, or linear, acute, somewhat serrated, narrowed a
long way at the base, clothed with soft tomentum on both sur-
faces ; floral leaves lanceolate-linear, deciduous ; racemes sim-
ple, elongated; whorls distant, 6-15-flowered ; calyxes nearly
sessile, tubular, striated, villous, with the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip broad, obtuse ; corolla more than
twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside ; tube ventricose,
a half again as long as the calyx; style bearded. 1/. H. Native
of North America, at the Red River, Pitcher. Habit of S.
azurea, but the whole plant is pubescent and canescent, the
flowers more numerous, and the calyx larger, and the teeth
blunter.
Pitcher's Sage. PL 3 to 4 feet. ?
103 S. l.e'vis (Benth. lab. p. 251.) stem herbaceous, erect,
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed a long
way at the base, remotely serrated, glabrous ; floral leaves mem-
branous, broad roundish, ciliated, obtuse, deciduous ; racemes
simple, on long peduncles; whorls 6-10-flowered : lower ones
remote : upper ones approximate ; calyxes pedicellate, campa-
nulate, ciliated, with the upper lip almost entire, and the teeth
of the lower lip lanceolate, cuspidate ; corolla thrice as long as
the calyx : tube exserted, ventricose : upper lip glabrous. % . ?
G. Native of Mexico. Stem nearly terete, striated, with yel-
low and green lines. Corollas pale blue. Genitals inclosed.
Allied to S. uliginbsa. Style furnished with a long beard
at top.
Smooth Sage. PI. 1
104 S. ULiGiNosA (Benth. lab. p. 251.) stem herbaceous,
erect, glabrous, or villous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate,
acute, serrated, narrowed at the base, glabrous, or pubescent ;
floral leaves membranous, broad-ovate, acuminated, deciduous ;
racemes dense, on long peduncles, a little branched ; whorls
many-flowered ; calyx campanulate, with the upper lip almost
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
737
entire, and the teeth of the lower one acuminated ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx : tube almost inclosed, ventricose :
upper lip pubescent ; style shortly bearded at top. If . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande ; and in bogs
in the missions of the Uruquay, Buenos Ayres, &'c. Stems
glandular. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Whorls 10-20-flowered.
Corollas blue, or white.
Far. )i, rufisccns (Benth. lab. p. 252.) stem and lower sur-
faces of the leaves clothed with rufous pubescence. % . S.
Native by way-sides from Rio Janeiro to the Mines.
Bog Sage. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
105 S. LAVANDULoiDES (H. B. et Kuiith, nov. gen. 2. p.
287.) stem herbaceous; branches erect, clothed with hoary
pubescence ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-laneeolate, acute,
cuneated at the base, crenated, clothed with hoary pubescence,
white beneath : flora! leaves ovate, long, and subulately acumi-
nated, deciduous ; spikes simple ; whorls ap|)roximate, equal,
about 10-flowered ; calyx tubularly- campanulate, clothed with
hoary pubescence, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip ovate, and shortly mucronate ; corolla half as long
again as the calyx : tube inclosed, nearly equal ; style inclosed,
shortly bearded. %. S. Native of New Spain, Mofino et
Sesse ; near Pazcuaro, on the shores of lakes, Humb. et Bonpl.
S. lavandulaefolia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 58. but not of Vahl. S.
Humboldtiana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. mant. l.p. 183. Stems
many, branched at the base. Leaves 1| to 2 inches long.
Calyx usually tipped with blue. Corollas small, pale blue.
Lavender-like Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
106 S. sTACHYoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 287. t. 138.)
stem herbaceous, almost simple, pubescent, as well as the
leaves ; leaves lanceolate, acute, crenately serrated ; spikes ob-
long, on long peduncles ; whorls approximate ; calyx clothed
with hoary villi, tubular, striated, having the upper lip entire
and acute, and the teeth of the lower lip acuminated. % . H.
Native of Mexico, in frigid places on the mountains near Los
Joares and Santa Rosa de La Sierra. Leaves on short petioles,
2-3 inches long. Bracteas oblong, acuminately subulate, pu-
bescent. Corolla probably blue. This hardly differs from -S".
elongeita.
Slachys-like Sage. PI. 3 feet.
107 S. ELONGATA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 287. t. 139.)
stem herbaceous, erect, almost simple, clothed with hoary pu-
bescence ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, acutish, narrowed
at the base, crenately serrated, almost glabrous, or pubescent
beneath : floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, hairy, equalling the
calyxes ; spikes oblong, on long peduncles ; whorls many-flow-
ered, closely approximate ; calyx tubular, striated, pilose, having
the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acute ; co-
rolla twice as long as the calyx : tube hardly exserted, ventri-
cose ; style bearded. If.S. Native of New Spain, Mo9ino
et Sesse ; on the western declivities of the mountains between
Ario and Aguasarco. S. simplex, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 58. S.
betonica, Roem. et Schultes, mant. 1. p. 188. Stems many,
leafy at the base, and almost naked at top. Leaves I3 inch
long, rather scabrous above, and glabrous beneath, or pubescent
on the nerves. Spikes villous. Calyx coloured a little. Co-
rolla violaceous, pubescent outside.
E longated-pedunc\ed Sage. PI. 2 feet.
108 S. corritga'ta (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 252.) stem shrubby;
branches clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ob-
long-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, much
wrinkled, almost glabrous above, and clothed with rufous wool
beneath : floral leaves deciduous ; whorls usually 0-flovvered,
distant ; calyx campanulate, almost glabrous, coloured, having
the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip obtuse ; co-
rolla a little longer than the calyx : tube almost inclosed, tj . S.
VOL. IV.
Native of Peru. Leaves 2 inches long, approximate. Calyxes
bluish. Corolla blue, hairy.
Il'rinkled-leaved Sage. Shrub.
* * Ovatif6lI;E. Leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, ovate, ur
ovate-lanceolate, rounded, truncate, or cuneated at the base, rareli/
almost sessile, and cuneated at the base.
109 S. assu'rgens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
293.) stem herbaceous, a little branched, ascending, pubescent;
leaves ovate-elliptic, acute at both ends, crenately serrated,
nearly glabrous ; whorls many-flowered : lower ones distant ;
calyx clothed with silky hairs, campanulate, having the upper
lip ovate, obtuse, and mucronate, and the lower lip bifid, with
obtuse, mucronate segments ; tube of corolla ventricose, equal-
ling the calyx. If. S. Native of Mexico, near Pazcuaro.
Leaves almost glabrous on both surfaces, or pubescent on the
veins beneath, 2 inches long. Calyx very pilose. Corolla pale
violet. Stamens inclosed. Said to be nearly allied to S pru-
nelloldes.
Assurgcnt Sage. PI. 1 foot.
110 S. iiELiANTHEMiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 254.) stem herbace-
ous, erect ; branches twiggy, pubescent ; leaves on short peti-
oles, oblong, acute, somewhat serrated, narrowed at the base,
wrinkled, glabrous, or pubescent on both surfaces : floral leaves
very minute ; racemes simple ; whorls 6-20-flowered, secund,
remote, or the upper ones are approximate ; calyx tubular, with
pubescent nerves, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip acute ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx :
tube equal, inclosed : upper lip pubescent outside ; style beard-
ed. If. S. Native of Mexico, near Tlalpuxahua. Leaves
2 to 1^ inches long. Corollas blue.
Var. fi ; flowers white, smaller. H . S. Native of Mexico,
near San Martin, Graham.
Sun-Rose-leaved Sage. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
111 S. siDERiToiDES (Presl, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 255.)
shrubby ; branches erect, clothed with white tomentum ; leaves
on short petioles, oval, bluntish, serrately crenated, cuneated at
the base, wrinkled, green above, and clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath ; racemes short ; whorls about 6-flowered ; calyx
tubular, villous, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip acute. Tj . S. Native of Peru, at Huanuco,
Hsenke. This species differs from S. spicdla in the upper lip of
calyx being entire, not tridentate.
Siderilis-tike Sage. Shrub.
112 S. cham/edryoides (Cav. icon. 2. p. 77. t. 197.) stem
suffruticose, procumbent ; branches clothed with hoary tomen-
tum ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenulated, narrow-
ed or rounded at the base, wrinkled, clothed with hoary tomen-
tum beneath ; floral leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, longer than
the calyxes, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls about G-flow-
ered ; calyx tubular, striated, toinentose, the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip shortly cuspidate ; corolla twice
as long as the calyx, glabrous outside: tube hardly exserted,
ventricose : middle lobe of lower lip large, bifid ; style bearded
at apex. ^ . S. Native of Mexico. Sims, bot. mag. t. 808.
S. chanise'drys, Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 29. t. 29. S. chamac-
drifolia, Andr. bot. rep. 6. p. 416. An humble branched,
canescent shrub. Leaves wrinkled similar to those of S.
officinalis, but smaller. Corollas blue. Genitals equalling the
corolla.
Germander-like Sage. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub
U foot.
"113 S. THTMoiDES (Benth. lab. p. 255.) stem suffruticose,
much -branched, canescent ; leaves small, nearly sessile, oval,
obtuse, quite entire, canescent, with sub revolute edges: floral
5 B
738
LABIATiE. XXIX. Salvia.
leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes short, few-flow-
ered ; whorls distinct, loosely 2-4-flowered ; calyx ovate-tubii-
lar, striated, clothed with glandular pubescence, having the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower one bluntish ; co-
rolla twice as long as the calyx : tube ventricose, equal in
length to the calyx : middle lobe of lower lip emarginate ; style
shortly bearded at apex. T^ . S. Native of New Spain, Mo-
9ino et Sesse. A much branched, humble, canescent shrub,
with the habit of Thymus, or Gardoqu'ta. Corollas bluish.
Thyme-like Sage. Shrub dwarf.
114 S. glechom*;f6lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov.'gen. amer. 2.
p. 290. t. 141.) stems herbaceous, nearly simple, rather pilose
at top ; leaves ovate-triangular, obtuse, somewhat cordately
truncate at the base, crenated, almost glabrous, rather pilose
while young ; whorls about 5-flovvered, remote ; calyx hairy,
campanulate, striated, having the upper lip tricuspidate, and the
segments of the lower lip cuspidate ; tube of corolla ventricose,
a little shorter than the calyx : middle lobe of lower lip emar-
ginately 2-!obed. 2/ . S. Native of New Spain, between the
city of Guanaxuato and Santa Rosa. Stems many, procum-
bent. Leaves petiolate, 6-9 lines long. Floral leaves ovate,
acuminated, ciliated, length of flowers deciduous. Corollas
blue.
Ground-Ivy-leaved Sage. PI. procumbent.
115 S. NANA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 289.) plant herbace-
ous, stemless ; leaves ovate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, cre-
nated, hispid above, and clothed with hairy tomentum beneath ;
spikes ovate, pedunculate ; whorls usually 4-flowered ; calyx
clothed with glandular hairs, the upper lip tridentate, and the
lower lip bifid : teeth all subulate. 1/ . S. Native of New
Spain, in dry places near the mine of Valentiana, in the valley
of Guanaxuato. Leaves radical, nearly sessile, an inch long.
Corolla blue, ex Bonpl. Spikes radical. Leaves more wrinkled
than in S. prunelloides.
Dwarf Sage. PI. small.
116 S. pRUNELLoiDEs {H. B. et Kunth, I. c. p. 289.? Benth.
lab. p. 256.) stems herbaceous, nearly simple, erect, pilosely
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenated,
narrowed at the base, green on both surfaces, and nearly gla-
brous : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes sim-
ple, on long peduncles ; whorls remote, sub-secund : upper
whorls approximate, 6-10-flowered ; calyx campanulate, stri-
ated, clothed with silky hairs, having the upper lip shortly
tridentate, and the teeth of the lower lip lanceolate, acute ; co-
rolla about 3 times longer than the calyx, pubescent outside :
tube ventricose, equalling the calyx : middle lobe of lower lip
emarginate ; style bearded. % . S. Native of Mexico, among
rocks on the burning mount JoruUo. Stems many, ascending.
Calyxes bluish. Corolla blue.
Prunella-like Sage. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
117 S. arena'ria (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 257.)
shrubby ; branches glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, or lance-
olate, acuminated, serrately crenated, cuneated, or narrowed at
the base, green, and glabrous on both surfaces : floral leaves
ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes short, simple ; whorls
4-6-flowered, secund ; calyx tubularly campanulate, striated,
glabrous, smooth, with the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip ovate, acuminated ; corolla about twice as long as the
calyx, nearly glabrous outside : tube ventricose, a little exsert-
ed. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in sandy places at the limits of
the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Shrub much
branched. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Style bifariously bearded.
Sand Sage. Shrub.
118 S. serra'ta (Benth. lab. p. 257.) stem herbaceous, erect,
almost simple, and nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, ob-
long, or lanceolate, acute, coarsely and irregularly serrated,
cuneate at the base, or rounded, glabrous : floral leaves lance-
olate-linear, shorter than the calyxes, reflexed, or deciduous ;
racemes elongated, simple; whorls all remote, 6-10-flowered ;
calyxes pedicellate, tubular, striated, pubescent, the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acutish ; corolla about
3 times as long as the calyx, pubescent outside : tube rather
exserted, ventricose : middle lobe of lower lip large, emarginate ;
style bearded. I/. . S. Native of the South of Brazil. Habit
of S. uliginusa, but the inflorescence and flowers are very diflTer-
ent. Corollas blue, almost an inch long.
Serrated-\eaved Sage. PI. ?
119 S. Uruguaye'nsis (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 257.)
stem herbaceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
lanceolate, or oblong, acute, serrately crenated, roundly cune-
ated at the base, nearly glabrous, green on both surfaces, or pale
beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes
simple, elongated ; whorls remote, 6-10-flowered ; calyxes
nearly sessile, tubular, striated, clothed with hoary villi, the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ;
corolla about twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside :
tube ventricose, exceeding the calyx ; style bearded below.
1{. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Uruguay, in
fields, at San Joze ; in the province of Rio Grande do Sul. Nearly
allied to S.p^illida, but the stems are erect, the leaves broader
and less acuminated, and the flowers more numerous. It is
probably only a variety of <S'. pallida.
Uruguay Sage. PI. erect.
120 S. URTiciEFOLiA (Lin. spec. p. 34.) plant herbaceous,
erect, beset with rather glandular villi ; leaves on short peti-
oles, ovate-rhomboid, acutish, crenated, roundly subcordate at
the base, cuneated at the petioles, nearly glabrous ; flor.il leaves
broad-ovate, deciduous ; whorls many-flowered, remote ; calyxes
on short pedicels, campanulate, clothed with clammy villi, the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acutish ;
corolla about twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside :
middle lobe of lower lip emarginately bifid ; style bearded. %.
H. Native of Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. Pursh, fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 20. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 395. sect. 11. t. 13. f.
31. ? Corollas blue, small.
Netlle-leaved Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. 3 feet.
121 S. gra'cilis (Benth. lab. p. 258.) stem herbaceous?
erect, almost glabrous ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, acumi-
nated, rounded at the base, serrated, pilosely pubescent on both
surfaces ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, coloured, deciduous ;
racemes simple; whorls loose, 6-10-flowered: lower ones re-
mote : upper ones approximate ; calyxes on short pedicels,
campanulate, striated, coloured, glabrous, having the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip setaceously acuminated ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube ventricose, equalling
the calyx : middle lobe of lower lip broad, emarginate ; style
bearded. % . S. Native of New Spain, Mo9ino and Sesse.
Stems or branches simple, purplish. Leaves flaccid, I5 inch
long. Flowers small, flesh-coloured, size of those of (S*. carnea.
Allied to S. carnea; but differs from it in the calyx being gla-
brous, and in the leaves not being cordate at the base.
Slender Sage. PI.
122 S. LEPTosTACHYS (Benth. Lib. p. 258.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves on long
petioles, ovate-roundish, acute, truncate at the base, green, and
finely pubescent on both surfaces ; floral leaves ovate, subu-
lately acuminated, deciduous ; racemes simple, elongated ;
whorls at length all remote, about 6-flowered ; calyx ovate-
tubular, striated, hoary, having the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip acuminated ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx : tube rather ventricose, equalling the calyx : middle lobe
of lower lip broad, emarginate ; style glabrous. 1/ . S. Na-
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
739
tive of New Spain, Mo^ino et Sesse. Leaves similar to those
of S. tiinrfulia, Ig to 2 inches long: upper ones more sessile.
Corollas blue.
Slender-spiked Sage. PI. ?
123 S. iMembrana'cea (Benth. lab. p. 259.) stem herbaceous ?
erect, glabrous ; leaves on long petioles, ample, broad-ovate,
acute, crenatetl, rounded at the base or truncate, glabrous ;
floral leaves deciduous ; racemes elongated, simple ; whorls all
remote, loose, about lO-flowered; calyxes pedicellate, nutant,
campanulate, glabrous, the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip setaceously acuminated ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx : tube ventricose, equalling the calyx : middle lobe of
lower lip large, emarginate ; style bearded. !{. . S. Native of
Mexico, Mojino et Sesse. Herb glabrous. Leaves 3-6 inches
long, membranous, often purplish beneath. Calyxes often pur-
plish. Corollas blue, size of those oi S. angustifblia.
J ar. li, acumiiuda (Benth. 1. c.) leaves long-acuminated at
both ends; corollas shorter. 1^.? S. Native of Guayaquil,
Tafalla.
Far. y, villosula (Benth. lab. p. 720.) leaves smaller, and are,
as well as the younger calyxes, villous. 1/ . G. Native of
Mexico, about Oaxaca.
Membranaceous-\e?ivei!i Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
124 S. RHOMBiFoLiA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 26. t. 36.
f. b.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, pubescent; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate or rhomboid, subcordate at the base, pu-
bescent ; floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, deciduous ; racemes
simple, few-flowered ; whorls about 6-flowered, remote ; calyx
ovate, pubescent, the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla a half again as long as the calyx:
tube inclosed, ventricose : middle lobe of lower lip emarginate ;
style glabrous. Q. S. Native of Peru, in the province of
Camana, on the sandy hills of Lomas de Atiquipa and Pongo ;
plentiful about Chancay and near Lima ; and also of Mexico.
S. foliosa, Benth. in bot. reg. t. 1429. S. pilosa, Vahl, enum.
1. p. 240. Leaves Ij to 2 inches long, coarsely crenated. Ge-
nitals exserted. Corollas blue.
I'ar. /3, glabrior (Benth. 1. c.) calyxes more slender and gla-
brous. 0. H. Native near Lima.
mo7nb -leaved Sage. Fl. Year. Clt. 1827. PI. 1| foot.
125 S. herba'cea (Benth. lab. p. 720.) stem herbaceous,
erect, a little branched, villous ; leaves on long petioles, broad-
ovate or rhomboid, rather cordate at the base, pubescent ; floral
leaves ovate, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls about 6-flow-
ered, distinct ; calyx ovate-tubular, hairy, green, the upper lip
and the teeth of the lower one ovate-dilated ; corolla half as
long again as the calyx : tube inclosed. Q. H. Native of
Mexico, at Tehuantepec, in Oaxaca. Nearly allied to the pre-
ceding, from which it differs in the stem and calyxes being more
hairy, &c.
Herbaceous Sage. PI. l|foot. ?
126 S. Tafalla: (Benth. lab. p. 260.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated,
rounded at the base or cuneated, rather hispid ; floral leaves
ovate, acute, at length deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls
6-10-flowered, remote ; calyx ovate, nerved, villous, the upper
lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla a
half as long again as the calyx : tube inclosed, ventricose : mid-
dle lobe of lower lip emarginate; style glabrous. Q. H.
Native of Peru, at Tarma, Tafalla. Leaves hardly an inch
long. Corollas small, blue.
Tafalla' s Sage. PI. U foot. ?
127 S. viola'cea (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 26. t. 43.) stem
herbaceous, hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, crenated, wrinkled ;
spikes short, terminal ; whorls 6-flowered ; upper lip of corolla
dependent. Q. H. Native of Peru, in the province of Tarma.
Flowers on short pedicels, propped by ovate, concave, opjjosite
bracteas. Corolla bluish-violet, about 3 times as long as the
calyx.
Fiolaceous-floviered Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
128 S. glanduli'fera (Cav. ann. hist. nat. 2. p. 3.) stem
branched, beset with glanduliferous pili, as well as the branches,
bracteas, and calyxes ; leaves petiolate, serrated, villous ; whorls
6-flowered ; corolla hardly twice as long as the calyx. ©■ ? H.
Native on Mount Chimboraco, Cav. Floral leaves short, acute.
Calyciue segments bluntish. Corolla purplish-violet. Stamens
exserted.
Gland-bearing Sage. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
129 S. Cruiksha'nksii (Benth. lab. p. 261.) stem herba-
ceous ? erect, glabrous or pubescent ; leaves on short petioles,
ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base or subcordate, gla-
brous or pubescent beneath ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes
simple ; whorls about 6-flowered, remote, somewhat secund ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, striated, pubescent, the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla thrice
as long as the calyx : tube ventricose, inclosed : middle lobe of
lower lip large, emarginate ; style glabrous. y..'?.S. Native of
Peru, in the valley of Canta, near Obrajillo, Cruikshanks ; and
at Huamantanga, Mathews. S. rhombifolia, /3, Hook. bot.
misc. Stem naked at the base, and leafy in the middle.
Leaves 1 to 1| inch long. Calyxes sessile. Corollas blue,
nearly glabrous.
Cruikshanks'' s Sage. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
130 S. galea TA (Ruiz, et Pav.'fl. per. 1. p. 27. t. 42. f. a.)
stem shrubby, much branched, naked at bottom ; leaves nearly
sessile, oval or ovate, serrated, wrinkled, pubescent; spikes ter-
minal, by threes; whorls 6-10-flovvered, propped by ovate deci-
duous bracteas ; calyx ventricose at top, the upper lip concave ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx. fj . S. Native of Peru,
around Muna, in arid places. Flowers on short pedicels. Co-
rollas pale violet. Genitals inclosed.
Galeale-ca\)j'x.e(\ Sage. Shrub 3 feet.
131 S. mi'tis (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 27.) stem shrubby,
branched ; branches pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute,
serrated, tomentose, hoary beneath ; spikes terminal : middle
one longer, and leafless ; whorls many-flowered, secund ; calyx
pubescent, subcampanulate : the upper lip bifid and acute. \ .
S. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta, at Obrajillo.
Flowers pedicellate. Whorls 6-12-flowered. Floral leaves
oval, acuminated, pubescent, deciduous. Corolla whitish blue,
a little longer than the calyx, pubescent outside. Stamens
length of corolla. Stigma exserted.
Mild Sage. Shrub 2 feet.
132 S. incurva'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 24. t. 42. f. b.)
stem herbaceous, erect, clothed with fine hoary tomentimi ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, serrated, rounded at the base or
cordate, clothed with soft white tomentum beneath ; floral leaves
deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls 4-6-flowered, remote ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, pubescent, the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acuminated ; corolla twice
as long as the calyx : tube inclosed, ventricose ; style glabrous.
It . ? S. Native of Peru, around Muna. Leaves 2 inches long,
approximate at the middle of the stem. Lips of fructiferous
calyx incurved. Corolla purplish blue.
/racuruerf-calyxed Sage. PI. 2 feet.
133 S. HisPANicA (Lin. spec. 37.) stem herbaceous, erect,
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, crenately serrated,
narrowed or cuneated at the base, glabrous ; floral leaves ovate,
acuminated, ciliated, almost permanent ; racemes dense, branch-
ed ; whorls manv-flowered, approximate ; calyx inflately tubu-
5 B 2
740
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
lar, clothed with soft pubescence, the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx :
tube ventricose ; style bearded. ©. H. Native of tropical
America ; Quito, near Chillo ; Jamaica, among the mountains ;
Mexico ; State of New York ; and now apparently naturalized
in the south of Europe, as in Spain, Portugal, Piedmont,
Liguria, Sec. Ker. hot. reg. t. 359. S. tetragona, Mcencli,
meth. p. 373. S. prismatica, Cav. desc. 14. — Arduin. spec. 1.
p. 10. t. 2. — Lam. ill. t. 20. f. 2. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
Whorls usually 10-flowered. Corolla glabrous outside, pale
blue. Genitals equalling the corolla.
Spanish Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
134 S. angula'ta (Benth. lab. p. 721.) stem herbaceous,
erect, hardly pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broad, ovate, acumi-
nated, serrated, roundly cuneated at the base, clothed with fine
pubescence, scarcely canescent beneath ; floral leaves ovate,
acuminated, deciduous ; racemes many-flowered, elongated,
branched ; whorls loose, secund ; calyx tubularly campanulate,
scarcely pubescent, the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip acute ; corolla exceeding the calyx a little, upper lip
pubescent; style bearded. 0.?H. Native of Caraccas, Var-
gas. Habit of S. polystachya. Calyx often coloured, angular.
Corolla small, blue. ?
/^n^u^ar-calyxed Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
135 S. DENsiFLORA (Bcntli. lab. p. 721.) stem herbaceous,
erect, hardly pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, cre-
nated, roundly truncate at the base, or subcordate, much wrin-
kled, pubescent on both surfaces, green, or hardly canescent be-
neath ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes almost simple, spike-
formed ; whorls many-flowered, approximate ; calyx tubular,
nearly glabrous, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip ovate, obtuse ; corolla half as long again as the
calyx; genitals exserted ; style glabrous. 0. H. Native of
the Island of Dominica. Allied to S. jiolystac/iya and S. Keerlii,
but differs from both in the form of the calyx, small corolla, and
exserted genitals.
Dense-Jlonered Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
136 S. polysta'chya (Ortega, dec. p. 55.) stem herbaceous,
erect, clothed with hoary down ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nated, serrated, rounded at the base or cordate, rather wrinkled
above, and pubescent, nerved, and clothed with hoary pubes-
cence beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; ra-
cemes dense, branched ; whorls many-flowered, approximate,
almost secund ; calyx tubularly campanulate, pubescent or to-
mentosely villous, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip acute ; corolla twice as long as tlie calyx : tube
inclosed, ventricose ; style bearded. % .1 G. Native of Mexico,
in many places ; as among the mountains of Guanaxuato ; shores
of Lake Pazcuaro ; near Tlalpuxahua, &c. Cav. icon. 1. p. 17.
t. 27. bad. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 296. S.
cae sia, H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 295. S. lineatifolia. Lag. gen.
et spec. nov. 2. Stem nearly glabrous, but usually pubescent.
Leaves 2-3 inches long. Whorls 15-'20-flowered. Corolla
blue. This species occurs in gardens, under the names of S.
sjyicita, S. Breynitica, S. eremilica, and S. tetragona.
Many-spiked Sage. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
137 S. Kee'rlii (Benth. lab. p. 263.) stem shrubby? erect,
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, roundly
truncate or cordate at the base, much wrinkled, clothed with
hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; floral leaves ovate, deci-
duous ; racemes dense, paniculately branched ; whorls many-
flowered, approximate ; calyx tubularly campanulate, pilosely
hairy, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip
acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube inclosed, ven-
tricose : upper lip pubescent ; style glabrous or bearded above.
Tj . ? S. Native of Mexico, near Tlalpuxahua, Keerl. Nearly
allied to S. polystachya ; but the leaves are smaller, obtuse, and
much wrinkled, and more cordate at the base ; the racemes
shorter and more dense ; the calyxes hairy, not clothed with
hoary tomentum.
KeerVs Sage. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 1
* * * Leaves petiolate, more or less cordate at the base.
138 S. semiatra'ta (Zucc. acad. wiss. 1. p. 298.) stem
shrubby ; branches tomentosely pubescent ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, much wrinkled,
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate,
small, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls 4-8-flowered, dis-
tant ; calyxes pedicellate, tubular, striated, clothed with glan-
dular villi, the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip
obtuse ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside :
tube ventricose, a little exserted ; style bearded beneath. I^ .
S. Native of Mexico, Karwinski. Said to be nearly allied to
S. scorodhnia ; but differs in the calyxes being twice the size ;
in the pedicels being elongated ; and in the lower lip of the
corolla being shorter and of a more intense colour.
Half-dark-Hov/ered Sage. Shrub.
139 S. fruticulosa (Benth. lab. p. 721.) stem shrubby, hum-
ble, much branched ; branches clothed with white tomentum ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, roundly truncate or
subcordate at the base, much wrinkled, hardly pubescent above,
and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate,
acuminated, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls about 6-flow-
ered, distant ; calyxes nearly sessile, tubularly campanulate,
clothed with white tomentum, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip obtuse and truncate ; corolla about 3
times as long as the calyx : tube a little exserted ; style shortly
bearded. % . S. Native of Mexico, about Oaxaca, Andrieux.
Allied to S. scorodonia and S. brevijldra, but differs from both
in habit. Leaves J inch long.
Fruliculose Sage. Shrub \ foot.
140 S. SCORODONIA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 46.) stem shrubby;
branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate
or oblong, obtuse, crenulated, roundly cordate at the base, much
wrinkled, pubescent above, pale, or clothed with white tomentum
beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes
simple ; whorls 6-20-flowered, distant ; calyxes nearly sessile,
tubularly campanulate, striated, clothed with glandular villi,
having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower one
bluntish ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside :
tube a little exserted, ventricose ; style glabrous. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Mexico. S. melissodora. Lag. nov. gen. et spec. 2. S.
hirta, Schranck, in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 60. ? Leaves 1-2
inches long. Corollas blue, white at the base ; middle lobe of
lower lip large, emarginate.
Garlick Sage. Shrub.
141 S. AMARi'ssiMA (Ortega, dec. p. 4.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, hispidly pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate,
crenated, wrinkled, almost glabrous, canescent beneath ; floral
leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes simple, dense-
flowered ; whorls distinct, rather remote, generally 10-flower-
ed ; calyx tubularly campanulate, striated, villous, having the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acutish ; corolla
about 3 times as long as the calyx : tube ventricose, equal-
ling the calyx : upper lip almost glabrous ; style bearded
above. 1/ . G. Native of Mexico, in several places. Ker.
hot. reg. t. 347. S. nepetoides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2.
p. 299. t. 150. S amara, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 255. S.
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
741
circinata, Cav. icon. 4. p. 9. t. 318. Stem beset with long
liairs, often glandularly hispid. Leaves 1^ inch long. Corollas
blue ; middle lobe of lower lip broad, emarginate. Upper lobe
of style twice as long as the lower one.
Very-hitter Sage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 3 to G
feet.
142 S. cuspida'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 23. t. 40. f. b.)
sufTruticose ; branches pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, blunt-
ish, crenated, cordate at the base, wrinkled, pale and pubescent
beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes
elongated, almost simple ; whorls usually 6-flowered, distant ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, villous, having the upper lip tri-
cuspidate, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, cuspidate ; co-
rolla about 3 times as long as the calyx : tube exserted a little,
ventricose ; style glabrous, or shortly pubescent. ^j . S. Na-
tive of Peru, on hills about Purrochuca and Cheuchin. Leaves
an inch long, somewhat doubly crenated. Flowers almost like
those of S. scorodonia and S. amariss'ima. Corollas blue.
C«s^jirfa/e-calyxed Sage. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
143 S. cardiophy'li.a (Benth. lab. p. 721.) herbaceous or
suffruticose ; branches pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, cre-
nated, deeply cordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed with soft
villi on both surfaces: floral ones deciduous; racemes elon-
gated, simple ; whorls about 6-flowered, distant ; calyx tubularly
campanulate, finely pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acutish ; corolla twice as long
as the calyx : tube almost inclosed, ventricose ; style glabrous.
Jj . ? G. Native of South America, without the tropic, in
Banda Oriental. Habit of S. cuspidata, from which it differs in
the soft villous leaves, and larger, somewhat coloured calyxes,
mutic teeth, and entire upper lip.
Heart-leaved Sage. PI. 2 feeti ?
144 S. Gillie'sii (Benth. lab. p. 264.) stem shrubby;
branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, crenately toothed, truncately cor-
date at the base, wrinkled, nearly glabrous above, and clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acute, deci-
duous ; racemes simple ; whorls remote, 2-6-flowered ; flowers
nearly sessile ; calyx campanulate, clothed with hoary pubes-
cence, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip
ovate, obtuse, raucronate, recurved ; corolla about twice as long
as the calyx, downy outside ; style pubescent. I; . G. Native
of Chili ; plentiful on the Andes near Mendoza, at Uspaleta ;
and on Mount Cerro de las Achiras. Branches tomentose, and
furnished with red scattered glands. Leaves 1 to 1| inch long.
Calyxes usually coloured. Corollas blue, like those of S. urli-
ccejblia, but smaller.
Gillies's Sage. Shrub humble.
145 S. RACEMOSA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 25.) plant
shrubby, hairy, erect, branched ; leaves cordate, acute, sublan-
ceolate, serrated ; racemes terminal, numerous, compound ;
floral leaves ovate, acuminated, concave, deciduous. fj . S.
Native of Peru, among rubbish, and in waste places of Huanuco.
Leaves on long petioles, usually spotted with livid purple.
Flowers verticillate, on short pedicels. Corolla pale blue.
Hacemose-Roweied Sage. Shrub.
146 S. ca'rnea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 300. t. 151.)
stem shrubby, erect, branched, glabrous ; leaves roundish-ovate,
cordate, crenately serrated, hairy ; floral leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, shorter than the calyxes, deciduous ; spikes terminal ;
whorls many-flowered : lower ones remote ; calyx tubular, stri-
ated, hairy : upper lip ovate, acuminated, and the teeth of the
lower lip acuminated ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx a
little, rather ventricose : upper lip pubescent : middle segment of
the lower lip emarginately 2-lobed. 1^ . S. Native of New
Granada, on the Andes of Quindiu. Leaves on long petioles, 2
to 2| inches long. Corolla pale red. Genitals a little exserted.
Stigma glabrous.
/"/ei'/j-coloured Sage. Shrub.
147 S. rRocu'uRENS (Benth. lab. p. 266.) stems creeping, and
rooting at the base ; floriferous branches ascending, glabrous,
or villous ; leaves petiolate, roundish, or broad-ovate, cordate
at the base, crenated, glabrous, or villous : floral leaves broad-
ovate, acutish, deciduous ; racemes simple, on long peduncles ;
whorls 6-10-flowered, remote ; flowers on short pedicels ; calyx
campanulate, hispid, having the upper lip entire, or shortly
tridentate, and the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla gla-
brous, about twice as long as the calyx : tube ventricose, equal-
ling the calyx ; style almost glabrous. '2^.0. Native of South
America, in humid pastures and woods ; in the province of Rio
Grande do Sul, and the more southern parts of Brazil, St. Hil.
and Sello ; in moist woods at Porana, Tvveedie ; in ditches near
Buenos Ayres, Gillies. Stem glabrous, or hispid from hairs,
which are often glandular, clammy, pubescent while young.
Leaves similar to those of Ground Ivy. Corolla blue.
Running Sage. PI. creeping.
148 S. PROPiNQUA (Benth. lab. p. 267.) stems creeping at the
base ? ; branches ascending, elongated, villous ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, villous on both sur-
faces ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls about
6-flowered, remote ; calyxes equal in length to the pedicels,
tubular, striated, clothed with rufous villi, having the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla twice
as long as tiie calyx : tube ventricose, equalling the calyx :
lobes of lower lip roundish, emarginate ; style glabrous. 1/ . G.
Native of the south of Brazil, Sello. Allied to S. piocurrens ;
but difl^ers in the stem being firmer ; in the leaves being more
villous, on short petioles, and particularly in the flowers being
larger ; in the calyxes being on long pedicels, and tubular, not
campanulate, clothed with rufous villi, not hispid.
Allied Sage, PI. creeping. ?
* * * * SessilifolivE. Leaves sessile, or nearly so, rounded
or truncate at the base. Species all natives of Brazil.
149 S. ovALiFOLiA (St. Hil. rass. ex Benth. lab. p. 267.)
stems creeping at the base ; branches ascending, glabrous or
villous ; leaves on short petioles, oval, obtuse, crenated, rounde<l
at the base, glabrous, rather coriaceous ; floral leaves ovate-
lanceolate, shorter than the calyxes, deciduous; racemes simple;
whorls 6-1 0-flovvered, remote; calyx tubular, striated, pubes-
cent, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip
ovate, acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube ventri-
cose, equalling the calyx : middle lobe of lower lip very broad,
emarginate ; style shortly bearded. 1/ . ? G. Native of Brazil,
common in pastures in the missions of the Uruguay; and to the
south of that, as well as in the province of Minas Geraes. S.
repens, Benth. in herb, berol. Stems rather woody. Branches
naked under the racemes. Leaves an inch and more long.
Racemes on long peduncles.
far. ft, villosa (Benth. lab. p. 267.) leaves deeply serrate-
crenated, broadest at the base. }/ . G. Native near Salto
Grande, on the banks of the Uruguay, in the province of Rio
Grande do Sul.
Oval-leaved Sage. PI. 1 to l| foot.
150 S. LACHNOSTACiiYS (Benth. lab. p. 267.) stem rooting at
the base ; branches ascending, simple, villous or spreadingly
pilose ; leaves nearly sessile, oval-oblong, obtuse, regularly cre-
nulatetl, rounded or subcordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed
with rufous tomentum above ; floral leaves cordate-ovate, blunt-
ish, rather shorter than the calyxes, almost permanent ; racemes
dense; whorls reinotish, usually 10 flowered ; calyx campanu-
742
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
late, pilosely hispid, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth
of the lower lip acutish ; corolla about twice as long as the
calyx : tube about equal in length to the calyx, ventricose ;
style bifariously bearded. 1/ . G. Native of Brazil, in the
province of St. Paul, in fields near Registra de Ciiritiba, and the
pastures near Fazenda da Fortaleza, St. Hil. ; and in the south
of Brazil, Sello. Stems clothed with rufous tomcntum, or vil-
lous. Leaves 1 inch long, pubescent above. Corolla blue, a
little smaller than those of S. ovaliJoUa.
Woolly-spiked Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
151 S. vi'sciDA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 268.) suffru-
ticose, clammy ; branches clothed with glandular hairs ; leaves
nearly sessile, or the lower ones are ovate-lanceolate, acutish,
serrately crenated or cordate at the base, green on both sur-
faces, soft, hispid ; racemes elongated, almost simple ; whorls
generally 6-flowered, subsecund ; calyx tubularly campanulate,
villous, clammy, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube
a little exserted, ventricose ; style bearded above. ^ . G.
Native of Brazil, in the woods called Carrascos, in Serra
Negro, at the limits of the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio
Janeiro, St. Hil. Shrub decumbent at the base. Racemes nu-
merous, g foot. Corollas blue.
Viscid Sage. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
152 S. cokba'ta (Benth. lab. p. 268.) stem herbaceous, erect,
tall, villous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-oblong, acute, cre-
nated, cordate, wrinkled, pubescent above, clothed with soft
white tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acute ? deciduous ;
racemes simple ; whorls distant, many-flowered ; calyx tubularly
campanulate, striated, pubescent, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla thrice as long as
the calyx : tube a little exserted, ventricose : upper lip pubes-
cent : middle lobe of lower lip very broad, emarginate ; style
glabrous. ■y.G. Native of the south of Brazil, Sello. Stems
almost simple. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Whorls often 20-flow-
ered. Corolla blue, above an inch long. Upper lobe of style
very long, subulate.
Cordate-leaved Sage. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
153 S. NERVOSA (Benth. lab. p. 268.) stem herbaceous?
erect, almost simple, clothed with rufous tomentum, and long
spreading hairs ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenately
serrated, rounded or subcordate at the base, coriaceous, wrin-
kled above, and glabrous, nerved, and clothed with fine rufous
tomentum beneatii ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ;
racemes elongated; whorls numerous, 6-10-flowered ; calyx
ovate-tubular, striated, pubescent, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip broad-ovate, obtuse, or shortly
acuminated ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, tomentose out-
side : tube exserted, widened at top; style bearded. Tf..! G.
Native of the south of Brazil, Sello. Stems naked at the base.
Leaves 1-2 inches long. Whorls distant. Corolla bluish. Sta-
mens inclosed. Upper lobe of style longest.
Nerved-\eii\eA Sage. Pi. 2 to 3 feet.
154 S. ri'gida (Benth. lab. p. 269.) stems herbaceous, erect,
villous or nearly glabrous ; leaves sessile, lanceolate or linear,
cordate at the base, with crenidated margins, glabrous, rather
coriaceous, stiff; floral leaves minute, linear, deciduous ; ra-
centes simple; whorls 6-10-flowered, remote; calyx tubular,
striated, villous, having the iipper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx :
tube ventricose, equalling the calyx ; style shortly bearded be-
neath, y . ? G. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas
Geraes, Rio Grande do Sul, and the south of Brazil, St. Hil.
and Sello. Stems branched at the base. Branches almost sim-
ple. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Flowers almost sessile. Corolla
blue, hardly half an inch long with the calyx.
Stiff Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
155 S. rosmarinoi'des (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 269.)
stem suftVuticose ; branches erect, twiggy, tomentosely villous ;
leaves sessile, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminated, crenated,
subcordate at the base, stiff, almost glabrous above, but clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated,
deciduous ; racemes elongated, simple ; whorls about 6-flower-
ed, distant ; calyx tubular, clothed with clammy villi, having the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acute; corolla
about thrice as long as the calyx : tube a little exserted ; style
bifariously pubescent, h^ . G. Native of Brazil, in fields in
the Missions of the Uruguay, near El Salto Grande. Plant
scentless. Racemes nearly a foot long. Corollas blue, marked
with white lines.
Rosmary-like Sage. Shrub 2 feet.
§ 3. AxiLLARiFLOR.E. Floral Icuvcs conforming to the cau-
line ones. Flowers axillary. Tube of corolla equal in height to
the calyx, or hardly half as long agai?i. — Humble undersliruhs,
nith bluish flowers.
156 S. axill.\'ris (Moc. et Sesse, mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
270.) leaves oblong-linear, acute, quite entire, narrowed at the
base, scabrous from hairs ; whorls axillary, 2-6-flowered ;
calyxes almost sessile, tubular, striated, pubescent, having the
upper lip tridentate, and the lower lip bifid : teeth all acute, and
subulately acuminated. Ij . S. Native of New Spain, Mo^ino
et Sesse. Habit of Thymus or Salureia. Leaves 3-4 lines
long. Corollas not seen.
Axillary-f\ov,'ered Sage. Shrub humble.
157 S. cuNEiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 270.) branches decumbent,
villous ; leaves sessile, ovate-cuneated, a little toothed, narrow-
ed at the base, green on both surfaces ; whorls axillary, few-
flowered ; calyx tubular, villous, having the upper lip shortly
tricuspidate, and the lower lip bifid : lobes acuminated ; corolla
more than twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted, equal ;
style glabrous. I; . G. Native of Mexico, near Chapultepec?
Karwinski. Stems many, rising from a thick woody base.
Leaves 3-4 lines long, furnished with one or two teeth on both
sides : the upper ones quite entire. Flowers size of those of
Calamintha Ncpeta.
Wedge-leaved Sage. Shrub \ foot.
158 S. CALAMiNTHa;r6LiA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 233.) stem
shrubby ; branches canescent ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate,
obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, clothed with fine tomen-
tum on both surfaces ; whorls axillary, remote, generally 6-
flowered ; calyxes pedicellate, tubularly campanulate, nearly
glabrous, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower
lip ovate, acute ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx, pu-
bescent outside ; style bearded above. J^' . S. Native of St.
Domingo. Branches slender, purplish. Leaves hardly a nail
in length. Corollas blue. Genitals a little exserted.
Calamint-leaved Sage. Shrub humble.
159 S. ballot.efl6ra (Benth. lab. 270.) leaves petiolate,
ovate, roundish, obtuse, truncate or cordate at the base, nearly
glabrous above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ;
upper floral leaves bractea-formed ; whorls few, axillary, 2-6-
flowered, distant, or the 2 or 3 upper ones approximating into a
short raceme ; calyx pedicellate, tubularly campanulate, attenu-
ated at the base, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip ovate, dilated after florescence ; corolla about
twice as long as the calyx : tube inclosed ; style bifariously
bearded. ^i . G. Native of Mexico, near Tollman, Kar-
winski. Shrub much branched. Leaves hardly \ an inch
long, when young clothed with mealy tomentum beneath, as
well as the calyxes.
Ballola-fowered Sage. Shrub humble.
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
743
§ 4. MembranaVe.e. Floral leaves braclea-formed, dUalely
spreading, membranous. Tube of corolla inclosed, or hardly
longer than the calyx. — Herbs or subshrubs, with bluish
fton'ers.
160 S. bupleuroi'des (Presl, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 271.)
herbaceous, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, cre-
nately- serrated, narrowed orcuneated at the base, green on both
surfaces; axillary branches short; peduncles long, fascicled,
with a solitary, terminal, many-flowered whorl on each pedun-
cle ; floral leaves exceeding the calyxes, permanent, broad, round-
ed, subcordate at the base, shortly acuminated at the apex, mem-
branaceous, veiny, glabrous ; calyxes sessile, membranous, hav-
ing the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acutish ;
corolla hardly longer than the calyx. 1/ . G. Native of Mexico,
Haenke. Flowers small. Very distinct from all other species
in the inflorescence.
Buplcurum-like Sage. PI. ?
161 S. Moci'ni (Benth. lab. p. 271.) stem herbaceous, pro-
cumbent ; branches ascending, clothed with short pubescence ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, serrately-crenated, cuneated
or truncate at the base, nearly glabrous ; floral leaves large,
orbicular, acuminated, membranous, veiny, spreading ; racemes
simple; whorls remote, 6-10-flowered ; calyx almost sessile,
ovate, tubular, canescent, having the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip acute, ciliated ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx : tube inclosed, ventricose : middle lobe of lower lip
emarginate ; style glabrous. 'H.-t G. Native of New Spain,
Mo9ino et Sesse. Leaves green on both surfaces, glabrous or
downy : floral ones almost an inch broad. Corollas blue.
Mogino's Sage. PI. procumbent.
§ 5. BracteaV^. Floral leaves bractea-formed, permanent,
green, broad-roundish, clasping the flowers. Tube of corolla
inclosed, or hardly half as long again as the calyx. — Herbs and
undershrubs, with bluish flowers.
162 S. HiRsu^A (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 1. t. 252.) stem her-
baceous, ascending, branched, pubescent; leaves petiolate, ob-
long, acute, remotely serrated, narrowed at the base, villous ;
floral leaves sessile, broad-roundish, acuminated, ciliated, per-
manent, exceeding the whorls ; racemes simple : whorls about
6-flowered, at length distant ; calyxes sessile, tubularly campa-
nulate, somewhat inflated, striated, pubescent or hispid, having
the upper lip entire, and the teeth of tlie lower lip ovate, acute ;
corolla exceeding the calyx a little : tube inclosed, ventricose ;
style bearded beneath. ©. G. Native of Mexico. S. nepe-
tifolia, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 48. S. cryptantlios, Schultes, obs. p.
12. S. sideritidis, Vahl, enura. 1. p. 250. S. bracteata, Poir.
diet. 6. p. 662. ? S. ciliita, Poir.dict. 6. p. 588. S. phlo-
moides, Cav. icon. 4. p. 10. t. 320. but not of Asso. Corollas
blue.
Hairy Sage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
163 S. cLiNOPODiofDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2.
p. 294. t. 145.) stem herbaceous, erect, clothed with white wool
above ; leaves ovate, bluntish, rounded at the base, crenated,
pubescent beneath ; floral leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, pilose,
permanent, exceeding the calyxes ; whorls many-flowered, dis-
tant ; calyx clothed with white hairs, tubularly campanidate,
with an ovate-acuminated upper lip, and a reflexed lower bifid
lip, with acuminated segments. %. . S. Native of New Spain,
between Pazcuaro and Aguasarco. Leaves petiolate, 2 inches
long. Corollas pale blue : upper lip pubescent : tube a little
longer than the calyx. Stamens equalling the upper lip of the
corolla.
CUnopodium-like Sage. PI. ?
164 S. spKciosA (Presl, mss. ex Benth. 1. c. p. 272.) shrubby;
branches clothed with white villi ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute,
serrated, rounded at the base or truncate, wrinkled, pubescent
above, and clothed with white villi or tomentum beneath ; floral
leaves bractea-formed, broad-ovate, acuminated, longer than the
calyxes, permanent, herbaceous, a little coloured ; raceme dense,
imbricate ; whorls approximate, 6-10-flowered ; calyx lar^e,
tubular, having the upper lip erect, and the teeth of the lower
lip ovate, acute ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx : tube
equalling the calyx ; genitals much exserted. Ij . S. Native
of Peru, about the town of Huanuco, and on the mountains
in the vicinity, Hsenke. Corolla dark purple. ?
Showy Sage. Shrub.
165 S. Parquere'nsis (Moc. et Sesse, mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
273.) stem herbaceous, erect, clothed with white wool above ;
leaves on long petioles, ample, ovate, acute, pubescent on both
surfaces, rounded or cuneated at the base, running into the
winged petioles ; floral leaves sessile, rounded, obtuse, perma-
nent, clasping the flowers ; racemes simple ; whorls densely
globose, many-flowered, approximate, distinct ; calyx tubularly
campanulate, clothed with white hairs, having the upper lip
ovate, acuminated, entire, and the segments of the lower lip acu-
minated, reflexed ; corolla about thrice as long as the calyx :
tube exserted, widened at top : middle lobe of lower lip large,
emarginate; style pubescent. If.? S. Native of New Spain.
Corollas blue, an inch long.
Parquero Sage. PI. ?
166 S. Mathe'wsii (Benth. lab. p. 722.) herbaceous?;
branches very villous at top ; leaves ample, petiolate, ovate,
deeply cordate at the base, flaccid, green on both surfaces, gla-
brous or hardly hairy on the nerves ; floral leaves bractea-
formed, broad-ovate, membranous, coloured, almost permanent,
equalling the calyxes ; racemes elongated, loose; whorls 6-10-
flowered ; calyxes pedicellate, large, tubular, having the upper
lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla
hardly twice as long as the caly.x : tube equalling the calyx ;
genitals much exserted. 1/ . ? S. Native of Peru, at Purro-
chuca and Obrajillo, Mathews. Leaves 6-8 inches long. Ca-
lyxes hispid at the base, glabrous at apex, and coloured. Flow-
ers like those of S. specibsa,
Mathews's Sage. PI. ?
167 S. macrosta'chya (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 298.)
stem shrubby, erect, hairy ; leaves petiolate, roundish-ovate,
acute, deeply cordate at the base, with rounded imbricate auri-
cles, pubescently villous on both surfaces ; floral leaves broad-
ovate, villous, permanent, equalling the calyxes ; spikes dense,
thick ; whorls many-flowered, closely approximate ; flowers
sessile ; calyx tubular, villous, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla hardly exceeding the
calyx. y^ . S. Native of Peru, near Guayaquil ; and near
Quito, Llactacunga, and Cuen^a. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
Corolla blue : upper lip arched, emarginate, as well as the mid-
dle segment of the lower lip.
Long-spiked Sage. Shrub 4 to G feet.
§ 6. Eria'nth.e. Floral leaves bractea-formed, deciduous.
Calyxes densely clothed with tomentose nool. Tube of corolla
hardly a half as long again as the calyx. — Herbs or shrubs.
Flowers whitish or yellowish, rarely reddish.
168 S. leucoce'phala (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p- 301.
t. 156.) stem shrubby, erect, and is, as well as the branches,
clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate, bluntish, cordate,
crenately serrated, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath; spikes
744
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
ovate : whorls many-flowered, closely crowded ; calyx tubular,
having the upper lip ovate, acute, and the segments of the lower
lip acute ; tube of corolla equalling the calyx. tj . S. Native
of Peru, in the province of Quito, near Alausi. Floral leaves
ovate, acute. Corolla violaceous. Stamens hardly exserted.
This is a very showy species.
White-headed Sage. Shrub .3 to 4 feet.
169 S. BREViFLOBA (Moc. et Sesse, mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
274.) stem shrubby ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ;
leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute, crenulated, rounded at the
base or subcordate, clothed with soft hoary pubescence above,
and white tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated,
equalling the calyxes ; racemes spike-formed, dense, a little
branched ; whorls about 6-flowered, approximate, secund ;
flowers almost sessile ; calyx tubularly campanulate, having the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip short, obtuse ;
corolla about twice as long as the calyx, tomentose outside, with
equal lips ; genitals exserted a little ; style glabrous. Ij . .S.
Native of New Spain. Leaves almost like those of a species
of Lantana, scarcely an inch long. Upper lip of corolla shortly
emarginate, and the middle segment of the lower lip large,
bifid.
Short-flowered Sage. Shrub.
170 S. colli'na (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 288.) shrubby;
branches and under sides of leaves clothed with white tomen-
tum, but pubescent above ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish,
acute at the base, crenated ; floral leaves lanceolate, tomentose,
deciduous ; spikes on long peduncles ; whorls many-flowered,
approximate ; calyx clothed with white tomentum, campanu-
late, striated, having the upper lip entire, acute, and the lower
one bipartite, with acuminated segments. Pj . S. Native of
Quito, on dry hills about Riobamba Nuevo. Shrub sweet-
scented. Leaves an inch long, green above. Lower whorls
distant. Corollas blue : lower lip spotted with white, ex
Bonpl. This species diflTers from S. breviflbra, in the leaves
being green above, and in their form.
Hill Sage. Shrub.
171 S. spica'ta (Rcem. et Schi:ltes, syst. mant. 1. p. 202.)
shrubby ; branches glabrous, clothed with hoary pubescence
while young ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obsoletely crenated to-
wards the apex, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with white
tomentum, tip| ed with blue, deciduous; spikes terminal, solitary,
pedunculate ; whorls many-flowered, approximate ; calyx cloth-
ed with white tomentum, campanulate, striated, having the up-
per lip obtuse and tridentate, and the lower one bidentate: teeth
all acute. Pj . S. Native of New Spain. S. saligna, Willd.
herb, ex Link, Schwseg. et Dietr. spec. pi. 1. p. 308. S.
Humboldtii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 64. S. Humboldti^na, Dietr.
gart. lex. 7. p. 418. S. pulchella, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2.
p. 288. t. 140. Leaves about an inch long. Corolla blue :
tube equalling the calyx : upper lip galeate, concave, emargi-
nate, pubescent. Calyx reddish, more villous than that of S.
hreviflbra.
Spicale-fi-o-wexeA Sage. Shrub 3 feet.
172 S. FARINA CEA (Benth. lab. p. 274.) stem herbaceous,
erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, or lanceo-
late, bluntish, irregularly serrate-crenated, narrowed a long way
at the base, nearly glabrous, green on both surfaces or canes-
cent beneath ; floral leaves small, deciduous ; raceme elongated,
simple ; whorls many-flowered, almost secund, remote, or the
u]iper ones are approximate ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx
tubular, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower
lip short and obtuse ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube
hardly exserted, ventricose ; style bearded, i;. ? S. Native of
Texas, between Rio Guadaloupe and Rio Colorado. Leaves like
those of S. uliginbsa or S. serrata.
Mealy Sage. PI. ?
173 S. revolu'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 41.
f. b.) stem shrubby, erect, clothed with white tomentum ; leaves
on short petioles, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, with revo-
lute edges, wrinkled, clothed with white tomentum on both sur-
faces ; lower floral leaves similar to the cauline ones : upper
ones ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls
about 6-flowered, remote, secund ; calyx tubular, having the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted, ventricose : lips
equal in length ; style hairy. P; . S. Native of Peru, in the
province of Canta. Shrub much branched. Leaves on short
petioles, 11 inch long. Corolla whitish-violet.
Revolute-\ea.\e{{ Sage. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
174 S. LEUCANTHA (Cav. icon. 1. p. 16. t. 24.) stem shrub-
by ; branches nearly terete, clothed with white wool ; leaves on
short petioles, lanceolate-linear, acute, minutely crenated, round-
ed at the base, wrinkled above, and pubescent, but clothed with
white wool beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ;
raceme elongated ; whorls many-flowered : lower ones remote ;
flowers almost sessile ; calyx ovate, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla twice as long
as the calyx, clothed with white tomentum outside : tube exsert-
ed, rather ventricose : lips short ; style bearded. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Leaves 2-6 inches long. Racemes usually
purplish. Corolla white, rather contracted under the throat.
White-flowered Sage. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
175 S. VELUTiNA (Benth. lab. p. 275.) stem shrubby?;
branches densely leafy, clothed with velvety wool ; leaves
almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, narrowed at
the base, wrinkled, clothed with velvety wool beneath ; floral
leaves lanceolate, deciduous ; racemes rather loose ; whorls
about 6-flowered ; calyxes striated, tubular, having the upper
lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla
half again as long as the calyx, clothed with white wool outside :
tube wide : lips nearly equal ; style glabrous. Tj . ? S. Native
of the South of Brazil, Sello. Nearly allied to S. confertiflbra.
Corollas white.
Velvety Sage. Shrub.
176 S. erioca'lyx (Bertero, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
addit. to mant. 1. p. 246.) stem shrubby; branches divaricate,
clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, serrated, cuneated at the base, pubescent above, and
densely clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; floral leaves
ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes short, simple ; whorls
6-10-flowered, approximate; calyx campanulate, laving the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, obtuse ;
corolla exceeding the calyx a little, woolly outside : tube in-
closed : lips short; style bearded. >■ . S. Native of Jamaica.
Branches divaricate or procumbent. Leaves 3-4 inches long.
Flowers nearly sessile. Wool of calyx generally reddish. Co-
rollas like those of S. confertiflbra,
IVoolly-calyxed Sage. Shrub.
177 S. coNFERTiFLORA (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 134. t. 190.)
stem shrubby ? ; branches clothed with rufous tomentum ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acutish, crenated, cuneated at the
base, and running into the petioles, a little wrinkled above, and
clothed with adpressed tomentum, and densely clothed with
rufous tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, long-acuminated,
reflexed or deciduous ; racemes elongated ; whorls numerous,
many-flowered ; calyx ovate-tubular, having the upper lip en-
tire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla one half
longer than the calyx, clothed with yellow wool outside : tube
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
7t5
exserted, ventricose : lips short ; style glabrous, h . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, and on Serra d'Estrella, and
Padre Correa. Leaves 3-4 inches lonL', and 1^ broad. Brac-
teas long-acuminated, comose at apex. Whorls 10-20-flowered.
Calyx reddish. Corolla reddish, small.
Crowded-Jiowered Sage. Shrub. ?
178 S. lasia'ntha (Bentli. lab. p. 276.) shrubby; branches
densely woolly ; leaves almost sessile, oval-oblong, obtuse, cre-
nated, rounded at the base or cordate, nmch wrinkled above,
hispid, clothed with soft white wool beneath : floral ones ovate,
acuminated, shorter than the calyxes, deciduous ; racemes elon-
gated, simple ; whorls distant, many-flowered ; calyxes tubular,
having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate,
acute ; corolla one half longer than the calyx : lube hardly ex-
serted, ventricose, pubescent outside : lips nearly equal ; style
glabrous. (j . S. Native of Mexico. Shape of leaves and
habit of iS. scorodonia. Racemes reddish or yellowish. Inflo-
rescence of S. eriocaUjx.
Woolly-jiowered Sage. Shrub.
§ 7. Lokgifl6r.e. Tube of corolla Z-i times longer than the
calyx : lower lip generally shorter, rarely longer than the upper
one. — Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Corollas white, yellowisli,
orange-coloured, bluish, scarlet, or purple.
* A'lbid^. Corollas white or whitish.
179 S. tomente'lla (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 138. t. 194.) her-
baceous ? erect, clothed with rufous toraentum ; leaves sessile,
ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenated, narrowed at the base, wrinkled,
and rather hispid above, and clothed with tomentose pubescence
beneath ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes elongated ; whorls
6-10-flowered, remote; calyxes tubular, striated, tomentosely
pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower one acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, clothed with
white wool outside : tube exserted : lips short ; lateral lobes of
lower lip reflexed t middle one concave ; style shortly bearded.
1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and
Minas Geraes. Leaves 2-3 inches long, few. Corolla 15 lines
long, white.
Woolly Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * AuRANTi^AC^. Corollas yellowish or orange-coloured.
180 S. lu'tea (H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 297. t. 148.)
stems shrubby, and are, as well as the branches, pilose ; leaves
oblong, acutish, cordate, crenated, glabrous above, and clothed
with white tomentum beneath ; whorls many-flowered : lower
ones distant ; floral leaves ovate, acute, shorter than the calyxes,
deciduous ; calyx subcampanulate, clothed with glandular hairs,
the upper lip tridentate, the teeth acuminately mucronate, and
the segments of the lower lip acuminately subulate, fj . S.
Native of Peru, between Loxa and Mount Saraguru, in the
province of Quito. Leaves I5 inch long. Corolla yellow,
glandularly pilose on the back : tube ventricose, thrice as long
as the calyx.
Yellow -AowereA Sage. Shrub.
181 S. puncta'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 27. t. 39.)
stem sufFruticose, erect, clothed with glandular pubescence ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, serrated, rounded at the base,
quite entire, coriaceous, veiny, clammy above, of the same
colour beneath, pubescent or glabrous ; floral leaves ovate, acu-
minated, deciduous; racemes simple; whorls 1-10-flowered,
remote ; calyx campanulate, hairy, having the upper lip entire,
obtuse, or shortly tridentate, and the teeth of the lower lip
ovate, acute ; corolla pubescent, thrice as long as the calyx :
tube exserted, rather ventricose : lips nearly equal ; style
VOL. IV.
bearded. tj . S. Native of Peru, on hills of Huanuco. — A
fetid ferruginous plant. Branches purplish. Leaves hardly an
inch long. Corollas white, but usually yellowish or whitish-
violet, size of those of S. lanuifblia.
Dated Sage. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
182 S. Pavonii (Bentb. lab. p. 278.) stem shrubby, bifari-
ously pubescent ; branches beset with glandular villi at top ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, quite entire, cuneated at tl'.e
base, glabrous ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ;
racemes simple ; whurls many-flowered, distant ; calyx campa-
nulate, clothed with glandular villi, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip broad-ovate, acute ; corolla pu-
bescent outside, rbout 4 times longer than the calyx : tube
much exserted, inflated in the middle : lips short, erect ; stvle
bearded above. I; . S. Native of Peru. Allied to S. punc-
tata; but differs in the quite entire obtuse leaves, and longer
corollas. Corollas yellowish.
Pavon's Sage. Shrub.
183 S. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Ruiz, ct Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 26. t. 36.
f. b.) stem shrubby, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, quite
entire, rounded at the base, glabrous, clammy, rather fleshy ;
floral leaves lanceolate, acute, deciduous ; racemes short, sim-
ple ; whorls about 6-flowered, distant ; calyx tubular, glabrous,
having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate,
acute ; corolla thrice as long as the calyx, pubescent : tube ex-
serted, nearly equal ; style glabrous. 1; . S. Native of Peru,
at Caxatamba, near the hot baths of Cheuchin, and among
rocks, where it is called Succoncha by the natives. Stem much
branched. Branches clammy, purplish. Leaves scarcely half
an inch long, obtuse or acute. Corolla more than an inch long,
of a coppery-yellow colour. Genitals exserted.
Entire-leaved Sage. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
184 S. opposiTiFLORA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 26. t. 43.
f. a.) stem suftrutieose, procumbent at the base ; branches erect,
finely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, rounded at the
base or cordate, wrinkled, pubescent ; floral leaves deciduous ;
racemes simple ; whorls 2-flowered, secund ; calyx tubular, stri-
ated, the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate,
acute ; corollas 4 times as long as the calyx, pubescent outside :
tube much exserted : lips nearly equal ; style glabrous. ' H .
S. Native of Peru, in elevated, exposed, arid places of Tarma.
S. grata, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 244. Plant with a grateful scent.
Leaves 1 to 1| inch long. Corollas a little smaller than those
of S. tubijldra, scarlet. The vernacular name of the plant is
Chenchelcoma.
Opposite-Jlowered Sage. Shrub.
185 S. glumacea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 298.)
stem sufTruticose, erect, and is, as well as the branches, pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, obtuse, cordate, almost quite entire, coria-
ceous, nearly glabrous ; whorls 2-flowered, distant ; floral
leaves oblong, acute, ciliated, glumaceous, about equal in length
to the calyxes ; calyx nearly glabrous, tubular : lips ciliately
pilose : upper lip and segments of the lower lip acuminated.
fj . S. Native of New Spain, in temperate places. Corolla
scarlet. ?
G/«maceo!/x-bractead Sage. Shrub.
186 S. STRicTiFLORA (Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 234.) stem
shrubby ; branches clothed with tomentose pubescence ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acute, crenately serrated, cordate at the base,
thickish, rather fleshy, nearly glabrous ; floral leaves ovate,
acute, membranous, deciduous ; racemes elongated ; whorls 2-
flowered, secund; calyx tubular, striated, pubescent, having the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ;
corolla more than twice as long as the calyx : tube elongated,
incurved, tomentose outside : lips nearly equal, hardly spread-
ing : lateral lobes of lower lip very short ; genitals exserted ;
5 C
746
LABIATiE. XXIX. Salvia.
style glabrous. Tj . S. Native of Peru, between Yazo and
Obrajillo, in the valley of Canta. Leaves I5 to 2 inches long.
Corolla of a yellowish scarlet colour.
Strict-Jlorvered Sage. Shrub 4 to G feet.
187 S. TUBiFLORA (Smith, icon. ined. t. 26.) stem suffruti-
cose, erect, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenately-
serrated, cordate at the base, pubescent above, or villous, and
clothed with white wool beneath, or the lower ones are nearly
glabrous ; floral leaves ovate, acute, membranous, deciduous ;
racemes simple ; whorls 2-flowered, secund ; calyx tubular,
striated, woolly or villous, having the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip lanceolate, acute ; corolla 3 times as long
as the calyx : tube elongated, incurved, tomentose outside :
lateral lobes of lower lip small : middle one concave ; genitals
exserted a little ; style glabrous. fj . S. Native of Peru, on
the mountains. S. biflora, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. et chil. 1. p.
24. t. 38. f. a. Stem and branches densely villous. Floral
leaves and calyxes glumaceous, usually clothed with soft, silky,
white tomentum. Corolla of a golden scarlet colour, \\ inch
long.
Var. /3, glabrata (Benth. lab. p. 279.) lower leaves of the
same colour on both surfaces, and nearly glabrous. Ij . S.
Native of Peru, common in sandy places in the town of Ati-
quipa, in the province of Camana. S. excisa, Ruiz, et Pav. fl.
per. 1. p. 25. t. 36. f. a. Stem and racemes less villous ; the
younger leaves constantly tomentose beneath.
Tube-Jiomered Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
* * * Cocci'ne^. Corollas scarlet or imrple.
188 S. LEONunofoEs (Glox. obs. bot. 1.5. t. 2.) stem sufFru-
ticose, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, or rhomboid,
obtuse, crenated a little, truncate or subcordate at the base,
nearly glabrous above, veiny and canescent beneath ; floral
leaves similar to the others ; whorls about 6-flowered ; flowers
about equal in length to the leaves ; pedicels shorter than the
petioles ; calyx tubularly campanulate, glabrous : the upper lip
entire, and the lobes of the lower lip broad-ovate, acute ; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx : tube ventricose : lips nearly
equal : upper lip pubescent outside ; stamens inclosed ; style
exserted, bearded, with subulate lobes. 1? . S. Native of
Quito, in temperate places near Chillo, lehubamba, and
Huanuco. Lam. ill. t. 20. f. 3. S. comosa, Lher. stirp. 1. p.
41. t. 21. Mirb. ann. mus. 15. t. 15. f. 6. S. nodosa, Ruiz,
et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 25. t. 41. f. a. S. pyrifolia, Dombey, ex
Cav. Jungia formosa, Mcench. Branches furrowed, nodose,
glabrous, or clothed with fine hoary tomentum. Leaves rarely
quite entire, but usually sinuated or crenated. Corolla scarlet.
Lion' s-iail-like Sage. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
189 S. PLUMosA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 26. t. 37. f. a.)
shrubby, clothed with rusty tomentum ; branches woolly ; leaves
petiolate, subcordate, acute, crenated, veiny, wrinkled, very
woolly beneath ; peduncles 4-5, axillary, 6-flowered, propped
by subulate bracteoles ; calyx tubidar, scabrous inside ; corolla
hairy outside, twice as long as the calyx : lips equal : upper
one emarginate : lower one trifid ; style plumose, purplish, h .
S. Native of Peru, in the province of Tarma, among broken
rocks at Huassahuassi. Corollas purple : tube not ventricose.
Very nearly allied to the preceding.
Pfcmose-styled Sage. Shrub.
190 S. Balausti^na (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 133. t. 189.) suf-
fruticose, erect, pilose ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, serrated,
narrowed at the base, green on both surfaces, pilose ; floral
leaves conforming to the others ; whorls axillary, remote, 6-
flowered ; calyx tubular, pilose, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla thrice as long as
the calyx : tube much exserted ; style bearded. Ij . S. Native
of Brazil, among bushes, by way sides near Engenho da Varge,
in the province of Rio Janeiro. Branches reddish-brown. Leaves
2 to 2\ inches long. Bracteas lanceolate, hardly longer than
the pedicels. Corolla 2 inches long, scarlet. Stamens in-
closed.
Pomegranate-Homered Sage. Shrub 3 feet.
191 S. AspERiFOLiA (Benth. lab. 281.) stem sufFruticose,
erect, clothed with short pubescence ; leaves sessile, oblong,
crenated, narrowed at the base, tubercled and very rough above,
but nearly glabrous beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated,
membranous, ciliated, deciduous ; racemes elongated ; whorls
about 6-flowered, somevvliat secund : lower ones remote ; calyx
tubular, pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla 3 times as long as the calyx,
pubescent : tube elongated, widened above : lateral lobes of
lower lip deflexed ; style exserted, plumose, fj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Stem
nearly naked above. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Corolla Ij inch
long, scarlet.
Rough-leaved Sage. Shrub.
192 S. sca'brida (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 140, t. 195.) stem
suffruticose, erect, clothed with short pubescence ; leaves almost
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, narrowly rounded at
the base, rough from tubercles above, and nearly glabrous
beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes
simple, elongated ; whorls few-flowered ; calyx tubular, pubes-
cent, having the upper lip entire, and the segments of the lower
lip ovate, acute ; corolla thrice as long as the calyx, pubescent:
tube elongated, liardly widened; style plumose. Ij • S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in grassy pastures at St. Lucia, in the province
of Goyaz ; and about Barbacena and Registo Velho, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes. This difl'ers from S. asperiJoUa, in the
narrower leaves ; in the whorls being usually 2-4-flowered, and
in the tube of the corolla being less widened. Corolla of a
beautiful red colour.
Scabrous Sage. Shrub.
193 S. PERSicyEFOLiA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 281.)
shrubby; branches villous above; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, a little serrated, narrowed at the base,
rather scabrous above, and of the same colour on both surfaces,
nearly glabrous beneath ; floral leaves bractea-formed, ovate,
acuminated, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls about 6-flow-
ered, distant ; calyx campanulate, clothed with long purple wool
outside, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower
lip ovate, acutish ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx,
villous: tube widened above; style plumose. (j . S. Native
of Brazil, in woods near Rio Vermelho, in the eastern part of
the province of Minas Geraes. Leaves 2-3 inches long, villous
on the veins beneath, the rest glabrous. Racemes and calyxes
densely clothed with purple articulated hairs. Corolla scarlet,
more than 2 inches long. Style exserted.
Peach-leaved Sage. Shrub 5 to 7 feet.
194 S. Maria NA (Mart. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 282.) shrub-
by ; branches clothed with tomentose villi ; leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed a long way at both ends,
pubescent on both surfaces, pale beneath ; floral leaves bractea-
formed, ovate, acuminated, deciduous; racemes simple; whorls
about 6-flowered, distant ; calyx tubularly campanulate, densely
clothed with brownish-white, rather silky adpressed wool, having
the upper lip entire, and with the teeth of the lower lip very
short, ovate-acute : corolla twice as long as the calyx, villous :
tube much exserted ; style bearded. V^ . S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Minas Geraes, in humid parts of woods at
Mariana, and elsewhere in the same province. This differs
from S. persicaj'olia, in the leaves being narrower, and rather
1
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
747
tomentose beneath ; in the woolly calyx and shorter corolla.
Corolla 1' inch lone;, scarlet.
Mariana Sage. Shrub.
195 S. Hila'rii (Bcnth. lab. p. 282.) shrubby; branches
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, subserrated, narrowly cuneated at the base, green on
both surfaces, smoothish, glabrous ; floral leaves linear, almost
deciduous ; racemes simple, short ; whorls few, 2- i-flowered,
approximate ; calyx tubularly campanulate, corrugated from
short wool outside, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip very short, ovate, bluntish ; corolla twice as long
as the calyx, woolly : tube much exserted ; style bearded. Ij .
S. Native of Brazil, St. Hil. Leaves almost like those of S.
persiccefdlia, but broader, and on longer petioles. Flowers size
of those of S. persiccefd/ia, or a little smaller, but differs in the
wool of the corolla and calyx.
Si. Hilaire's Sage. Shrub.
196 S. sALiciFOLiA (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 140. t. 196.)
shrubby ; branches glabrous, pubescent, or clothed with rufous
villi ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat
crenately serrated, narrowed at both ends, glabrous or hispid
above, and clothed with fine rufous tomentum beneath ; floral
leaves ovate, acute, deciduous ; racemes elongated ; whorls
about 6-flowered ; calyx tubularly campanulate, glabrous or
pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip very short and acute ; corolla more than twice as
long as the calyx : tube much exserted ; style bearded. Ij . S.
Native of Brazil, among bushes about Queluz, in the province
of Minas Geraes, and elsewhere in the same province. This
species differs from -S. 2}e>'sic£efdUa, in the glabrous or pubes-
cent calyxes, &c.
Jf'illoTV-lcaved Sage. Shrub.
197 S. H.SNKEi (Benth. lab. p. 283.) shrubby; branches
clothed with hoary tomentum and clammy villi at top; leaves
on short petioles, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, ser-
rated, rounded at the base, wrinkled, clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath ; floral leaves bractea-formed, lanceolate, decidu-
ous ; racemes elongated, simple, or the lower whorls are irre-
gularly cymose, and a little branched ; calyx tubularly campa-
nulate, clothed with clammy villi, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip bluntish ; corolla about 3 times as
long as the calyx, clothed with clammy villi : tube much ex-
serted ; genitals exserted ; style glabrous. ^ . S. Native of
Peru, Haenke. Upper whorls 6-flowered, but sometimes 8-10-
flowered : lower ones elongated, or the racemes are branched at
tlie base. Corolla 15-16 lines long, scarlet: tube slender, hardly
widened at top. This species is very distinct in the form of
the leaves and inflorescence.
Hankes Sage. Siirub.
198 S. hi'rta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 296.)
stem shrubby, erect, bifariously pilose ; leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, crenately-serrated, clothed with hoary pubescence
beneath ; spikes panicled ; whorls remote, few-flowered ; floral
leaves ovate, acuminated, hairy, shorter than the calyxes, deci-
duous ; calyx clothed with rather glandular hairs, tubularly
campanulate : upper lip acuminated, entire : segments of the
lower lip acuminately mucronate ; corolla thrice as long as
the calyx. Ij . S. Native of the Andes of Peru, near Aya-
vaca, and elsewhere. Leaves petiolate, 2 inches long. Corolla
purple.
Hairy Sage. Shrub.
199 S. TORTUosA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 292.
t. 142.) stems shrubby, erect, clothed witii fuscescent tomen-
tum ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, narrowed at
the base, serrated, clothed with fuscescent tomentum beneath,
and pubescence above ; spikes second ; whorls about 6-flovvered,
approximate ; calyx tubularly campanulate, clothed with villous
tomentum, having the upper lip entire, ovate, acuminated, subu-
late, and the segments of the lower lip acuminately subulate ;
corollas 2-3 times longer than the calyx, pubcscently villous ;
genitals a little exserted. ^ . S. Native of New Granada, on
the Andes of Quindiu. Branches twisted, clothed with fusces-
cent tomentum. Flowers on long pedicels. Corolla an inch
long : upper lip emarginate, villous outside, and middle segment
of the lower lip obcordate : tube widened above.
Twisted-branched Sage. Shrub.
200 S. cuRViFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 284.) shrubby ; branches
clothed with tomentose pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
oblong, acute, crenately serrated, rounded or narrowed at the
base, pubescent above, but clothed with soft h<iary tomentimi
beneath; floral leaves acuminated, deciduous ; flowers secund,
incurvedly reflexed, nearly sessile; whorls 6-10-flowered ; calyx
tubular, pubescent, having the upper lip as well as the teeth of
the lower lip acuminated ; corolla about 4 times longer than the
calyx, pubescent outside : tube rather widened above ; stamens
inclosed ; style exserted, quite glabrous. tj . G. Native of
Mexico, near TIalpuxahua. Shrub divaricately branched.
Leaves 1 to H inch long. Corolla reddish scarlet, nearly 1^
inch Ions : tube bidentate inside at bottom.
Curved-jlowered Sage. Shrub.
201 S. Neovide'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 284.) shrubby?;
branches finely pubescent; leaves jjetiolate, ovate, acuminated,
serrately crenated, rounded at the base, soft, pubescent above,
and pale and clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; upper
leaves sessile : floral leaves lanceolate-subulate, longer than the
calyxes, at length deciduous ; racemes elongated, simple ;
whorls loose, remote, secund, 2-6-flowered ; calyxes tubularly-
campanuiate, pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla 4-5 times longer
than the calyx, nearly glabrous : tube slender at the base, and
much widened at top : lower lip very short ; genitals exserted ;
style glabrous. fj . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro,
Prince Maximilian Neuwied. Nearly allied to S. curviflbra.
Corolla 14-15 lines long, scarlet.
Neuwied Sage. Shrub.
202 S. FRUTicETORUM (Beuth. lab. p. 284.) herbaceous, erect,
tall, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, ser-
rated, cuneated at the base, green on both surfaces, glabrous, or
clothed with fine pubescence ; floral leaves deciduous ; racemes
elongated, simple ; whorls about 6-flowered, distant ; calyx
tubular, striated, pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip ovate, obtuse ; corolla about 3 times
as long as the calyx, villous outside : lower lip very short ; sta-
mens shorter than the corolla ; style pubescent. 1/ . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, among bushes at Arrayal, Prince Maximilian
Neuwied. Leaves 3 inches long. Calyx green. Corollas deep
red, form of those of S, Neovidensis.
Bush Sage. PI. 4 feet.
203 S. ALTi'ssiMUM (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 136. t. 192.) suffru-
ticose ; branches erect, tall, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-oblong, acute, serrated, narrowly cuneated at the base,
glabrous above, and clothed with fine pubescence beneath ;
floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes elongated,
simple ; whorls distant, many-flowered ; calyx tubular, villous,
having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate,
acute ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, glabrous :
tube much exserted : lips equal ; style pilose. h ■ S. Na-
tive of Brazil, among bushes at Arrayal Santa Rita, in the pro-
vince of Goyaz. Branches, as well as the nerves of the leaves
and calyxes, clothed with glandular villi. Corolla pure red, 14
lines long : tube scarcely widened at top. Leaves 4-5 inches
lona.
5 c 2
748
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
Tallest Sage. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
204 S. moschaVa (H. B. at Kuntli, nov. 2. p. 293, t. U.3.)
shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, cu-
neated at the base, serrated, •glabrous or pilose ; whorls 5-6
flowered, distant ; calyx tubular, striated, glalirous or pilose,
having the upper lip ovate, acuminated, entire, and the segments
of the lower lip acuminated ; corolla thrice as long as the calyx ;
tube widened at top : upper lip eniarginate : middle segment of
the lower lip shorl, retuse ; style villous on the upper side.
It . S. Native of New Granada, near Almaguer, among bushes.
Plant exhaling a scent of musk. Leaves 2 inches long ; pilose
on the veins beneath. Spikes terminal, pedunculate. Corolla
purple. Calyxes clothed with fuscescenc hairs while young.
Allied to S. Neovidensis and S. altissima.
Miisky-scenteA Sage. Shrub, 4-6 feet.
205 S. sauA^LENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 297.)
stem shrubby, erect, and are, as well as the branches, pilose and
clammy ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, cordate, cre-
nated, coriaceous, wrinkled above, and pilose but clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; whorls 2-flovvered, distant ; floral
leaves ovate-oblong, shorter tlian the calyxes, deciduous ; calyx
tubular, hairy, striated, the upper lip, and segments of the lower
lip, acuminated; corolla twice as long as the calyx, pubescent;
stamens exserted. 'j . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes.
Branches purple. Leaves I5 to 2 inches long. Spikes terminal.
Corolla purple.
Filthy Sage. Shrub.
206 S. rube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. anier. 2. p.
301. t. 154.) stem shrubby, erect, canescent, glabrous; leaves
on long petioles, ovate, narrowly-acute, cordate, crenated, clothed
with fine hoary tomentum beneath ; spikes panicled ; whorls
4-6 flowered, distant ; calyx densely clothed with clammy hairs,
tubular, purple, liaving the upper lip ovate, acute, entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip acuminated ; corolla glabrous, twice as
long as the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Quito, in temperate places.
Leaves 4 inches long. Leaves pubescent above. Corolla beau-
tiful purple.
Reddlsh-^owexeA Sage. Shrub.
207 S. iiiRTELLA (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 249.) stem herbaceous?
ascending, clothed with clammy villi ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
oblong, acute, crenated, roundly-cuneated at the base, green on
both surfaces, and nearly glabrous ; floral leaves ovate, acute,
deciduous ; racemes elongated, simple ; whorls about 6-flowered,
remote ; calyx tubular, very hairy, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, obtuse ; corolla more than
twice as long as the calyx, villous outside : tube much exserted :
lips nearly equal ; genitals much exserted. Ij . ? S. Native of
Peru, Dombey. Corolla scarlet, an inch long ; tube dilated a
little at top.
Hairy Sage. Shrub.
208 S. secu'nda (Benth. lab. p. 285.) stem herbaceous,
erect, glabrous ; branches pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblomr,
narrowed at the base, acute, serrated, rather hispid above, and
glabrous beneath : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ;
whorls about 6-flowered, secund ; calyx tubular, striated, pu-
bescent, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower
lip acute ; corolla one half longer than the calyx, pubescent out-
side : tube a little exserted, nearly equal, or hardly contracted
at tiie throat : lips short, nearly equal ; genitals inclosed ; style
glabrous. 11.1 G. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Leaves
2-3 inches long. Corolla scarcely half an inch long. Hairs of
branches reflexed.
Var. ft ; leaves clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, h . G.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
5ec«n(/-flowered Sage. PI. ?
209 S. ciLiATA (Benth. lab. p. 286.) stem herbaceous ? ;
branches elongated, glabrous, or the angles and petioles are
ciliated ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, crenately serrated, round-
ish or subcordate at the base, nearly glabrous : floral leaves
ovate, acuminated, ciliated at length, deciduous ; whorls about
10-flowered ; calyx tubular, striated, pubescent, having the upper
lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla pu-
bescent outside, 2-3 times longer than the calyx : tube widened
at top : lips nearly equal ; style glabrous, exserted. 1/ . ? S.
Native of Mexico, among bushes, at Papantla. Leaves downy
on the nerves. Corolla scarlet. Allied to S. lamiifolia, like
the preceding.
Ciliated Sage. Shrub. ?
210 S e'legans (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 238.) stem herbaceous,
erect, glabrous, or furnished with scattered hairs ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, acuminated, serrated, rounded or narrow at the base,
rather hispid above, and glabrous beneath ; floral leaves sessile,
ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; whorls remote, about 6-flovvered ;
flowers on short pedicels ; calyx campanulate, clothed with
glandular villi, having the upper lip almost entire, or with 1-3
short awns, lower lip shortly bidentate, 2-awned ; corolla pu-
bescent outside, six times as long as the calyx : tube slender,
incurved : lips equal, oblong ; stamens a little exserted, bearded.
1/ ? S. Native of Mexico, near Tlalpuxahua and Guanaxuato.
S. incarnata, Cav. ann. sc. 2. p. 112. H. B. and Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 2. p. 293. t. 144. S. microcaulis, Poir. diet. 6. p.
614. Branches purplish at the base. Leaves 1 to 1| inch
long. Corolla blood-red, more than an inch long. Tube tooth-
less inside.
Elegant Sage. PI. 4 feet.
211 S. me'ntiens (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 137. t. 193.) herba-
ceous, erect ; stem glabrous at the base, hut furnished with
spreading hairs at apex ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated,
serrated, rounded at the base, green and glabrous on both sur-
faces ; floral leaves small, deciduous ; racemes simple, elon-
gated ; whorls remote, few-flowered ; calyx tubularly campanu-
late, green at the base, villous, membranous, and coloured at
top, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip
ovate, subidately acuminated ; corolla 4-5 times longer than the
calvx : tube much exserted : lips short, nearly equal, broad ;
genitals inclosed ; style glabrous. 1/ ? S. Native of Brazil,
at Serra d'Estrella, and about Fazenda de Padre Correa, in the
province of Rio Janeiro, and about the town of Rio Janeiro. Herb
nearly simple. Calyx scarlet at top. Corolla scarlet, nearly
glabrous, 1 8-22 lines long. Tube widened a little at top.
Disguising Sage. PI. Ig foot.
212 S. sple'ndens (Sello ex Rocm. et Schultes, syst. mant. 2.
p. 185. Benth. lab. p. 287.) shrubby; branched; branches
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, crenately serrated,
cuneate, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous on both
surfaces; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, coloured, deciduous;
whorls 2-flowered ; calyx campanulate, membranous, coloured,
glabrous, or the nerves and pedicels are villous, having the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip broad, ovate,
acute ; corolla glabrous outside, about three times as long as the
calyx: tube exserted, widened a little : lower lip short ; stamens
exserted ; style glabrous. Ij . G. Native of Brazil, in woods
at Guaxindiba, near Rio Janeiro. Ker. bot. reg. t. 687. Rchb.
hort. bot. 1. t. 51. CoUa in acad. taur. 31. p. 331. t. 17. S.
colorans, Hortul. S. Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 56. — An
elegant species, very common in gardens, having the floral
leaves, calyxes, and corollas scarlet. Corolla 2 to 2| inches
long. This species is a very great ornament in the autumn, if
planted out in the open ground against a south wall.
Shining Sage. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 to 4
feet.
213 S. involucra'ta (Cav. icon. 2. p. 114. t. 105.) stem
LABIAT.E. XXIX. Salvia.
749
shrubby; brandies elongated, glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acuminated, crenately serrated in the middle, roundly serrated at
the base, glabrous ; floral leaves bractea-formed, sessile, broad-
ovate, acuminated, coloured, imbricated before florescence, de-
ciduous ; whorls about C-flowered, approximate ; calyx tubu-
larly campanulate, striated, having the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip short, ovate, setaceously acuminated ;
corolla 2-5 times as long as the calyx : tube ventricose, glabrous :
lips short, nearly equal ; style bearded. H . G Native near to
the city of Mexico and Tlalpuxahua. Bot. reg. 1205. Hook,
bot. mag. t. 2872. S. laevigata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 2. p. 295. t. 147. Corolla rose-coloured.
Involucraled-AovieTe(!i Sage. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1825. Shrub
2-4 feet.
214 S. Sesse'i (Benth. lab. p. 288.) stem shrubby ; branches
nearly glabrous : leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminated,
rounded, cuneated, or narrowed at the base, glabrous on both
surfaces, or pubescent beneath ; floral leaves smaller ; uppermost
ones minute, deciduous ; whorls few-flowered, panicled ; calyx
inflately-campanulate, membranous, coloured, glabrous, having
the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, rounded ;
corolla about three times as long as the calyx, pubescent out-
side ; tube much exserted, nearly equal ; style glabrous. (; . G.
Native of New Spain, on the western declivity of Cordillera de
Guchillaque. Leaves 2-3 inches long, rather coriaceous. Panicles
short, loose. Fructiferous calyx large, scarlet. Corolla nearly
2 inches long, scarlet. Upper lobe of style very long.
Sesse Sage. Shrub.
215 S. agglutina'ta (Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p. 2. no. 120.)
leaves cordate-ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, white beneath ;
corolla pubescent, four times longer than the calyx, which is
inflated ; stem hairy, clammy. I; . S. Native of New Spain.
S. fruticosa, Cervantes. Leaves clothed with clammy villi, par-
ticularly while young. Whorls about G-flowered, bracteate.
Bracteas ovate, acuminated, concave, deciduous, shorter than the
calyxes. Corolla scarlet. Style bearded. This species agrees
with S. Sessei in the calyx ; but the leaves are very distinct.
Clammy Sage. Shrub.
216 S. pube'scens (Benth. lab. p. 723.) stem shrubby ;
branches tomentosely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovale, blunt-
ish, rounded at the base, wrinkled, pubescent above, and clothed
with hoary villi beneath ; floral leaves smaller : upper ones mi-
nute, deciduous ; whorls few-flowered, rather panicled; flowers
nearly sessile ; calyx inflately tubular, rather incurved, coloured
at top, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip
broad-ovate, obtuse ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, pubes-
cent outside : tube much exserted, nearly equal : lips nearly
equal ; style shortly bearded. ^ . S. Native of Mexico at
San Dionicio, in Oaxaca. Allied to S. Sessei and S. Regla.
Pubescent Sage. Shrub.
217 S. Re'ola (Cav. icon. 5. p. 33. t. 455.) stem shrubby ;
branches glabrous or pubescent under the axils ; leaves petio-
late, rounded, obtuse, sinuatcly crenated, broadly subcordate at
the base, coriaceous, wrinkled, rather hispid above, nerved
and pubescent beneath ; floral leaves conforming to the others ;
whorls terminal, few-flowered; flowers nearly sessile; calyx
tubular, coloured, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower li]) broad-ovate, acutish ; corolla twice as long as the
calvx, pubescent outside : tube ventricose ; style glabrous, ex-
serted. I; . S. Native of Mexico at Vilalpando and Regla.
Branches purplish. Leaves l^ inch long, fuscescent beneath.
Flowers, crowded in the number of 3 to 6, at the tops of the
branches. Calyx pubescent. Corolla scarlet.
Regla Sage. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
218 S. Gkaha'mii (Benth. in bot. reg. t. 1370.) stem shrubby;
branches glabrous or bifariously pubescent ; leaves petiolate,
oval, obtuse, rounded or cuneated at the base, irregularly cre-
nated in the middle, nearly glabrous ; floral leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, ciliated, deciduous; racemes elongated; whorls 2-flowered;
calyx tubular, striated, pubescent on the nerves, hnvinrr the
upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx, glabrous outside : tube much exserted,
ventricose: middle lobe of lower lip very broad, eniar^inate;
style shortly bearded. T^ . S. Native of Mexico, in several
places. Calyxes usually coloured. Flowers smaller than those
of .S'. microphijlla ; but the leaves are larger.
Grahains Sage. Shrub.
219 S. MtcaopiiY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
294.) stem shrubby; branches finely pubescent: leaves petio-
late, ovate, obtuse, minute, regularly crenated, rounded at the
base, wrinkled, i)ubescent : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, de-
ciduous ; racemes short ; whorls 2-flowered ; calyx tubular,
striated, with pubescent nerves, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip acuminated ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx, glabrous outside : tube ventricose, exceeding the
calyx : throat contracted : middle lobe of lower lip broad ; style
shortly bearded. I; . G. Native of New Spain, near Santa
Rosa, Moran, and Fachucan. Leaves 3-4 lines long. Corolla
reddish, purple, or scarlet.
Small-leaved Sage. Shrub 1 foot.
220 S. subrotu'nda (St. Hil. mss. ex. Benth. lab. p. 290.)
herbaceous, erect ; branches glabrous ; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate, roundish, bluntish, crenately serrated, rounded or truncate
at the base, green and glabrous on both surfaces ; racemes
elongated, simple ; whorls loose, 2-G-flowered ; flowers pedicel-
late ; calyx tubularly campanulate, pubescent, coloured at top ;
corolla more than twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted,
widened : middle segment of lower lip very broad ; genitals
exserted; style glabrous. 2/ . ? S. Native of Brazil. Nearly
allied to S. coccinea.
Roundish- leaved Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
221 S. coccInea (Lin. mant. p. 88.) stem herbaceous, erect,
clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute,
crenated, cordate at the base, pubescent above, and clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, de-
ciduous ; racemes simple; whorls 6-10-flowered, remote; ca-
lyx tubularly campanulate, striated, pubescent, having the upper
lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla glabrous,
twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted, widened at top : upper
lip short : middle segment of the lower lip broad, emarginate.
Tf.. S. Native of Florida, Georgia, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica,
Brazil, in the province of Goyaz ; East Indies, on the banks of
the Ganges, and about Madras, but probably escaped from gar-
dens. Murr. comm. goett. 1778. p. 86. t. 1. S. rosea, Vahl.
enum. 1. p. 244. S. glaucescens, Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 136. t.
192. Hormhium coccineum, Mocnch. Stem branched, hoary,
sometimes hispid at the base from pili. Leaves 1-2 inches
long, very soft beneath : floral ones shorter than the calyxes.
Calyx often purplish. Corolla scarlet.
-S'carfei-flowered Sage. Fl. April, Oct. CIt. 1772. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
222 S. PSEU do-cocci'nea (J acq. coll. 2. p. 302. icon. rar. p.
22. t. 209.) stem herbaceous, erect, hispid from long spreading
hairs ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, crenated, rounded or sub-
cuneated at the base, pubescent above, and clothed with hoary
tomentose pubescence beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated,
deciduous; racemes simple ; whorls 6-10-flowered, remote ; ca-
lyx tubular, striated, pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip acute ; corolla pubescent oiitsido,
twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted, equal : middle lobe of
lower lip very broad, emarginate ; style exserted, glabrous.
%. S. Native of tropical America in New Andalusia, on the
750
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
declivity of Mount Tumiriquiri ; also of Caraccas, and Trini-
dad. Bot. mag. 2SG4. This species differs from »S'. coccinea,
in being taller, beset with long hairs, not with hoaiy tomentiim ;
and in the leaves being rounded at the base, not cordate, &c.
Corollas scarlet.
False-scarlet Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1797. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
223 S. PHCENicEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 291.)
stems shrubby, erect, and are, as well as the branches, muricately
hispid ; leaves ovate, acute, subcordate, serrated, glabrous ; ra-
cemes terminal ; whorls many-flowered, distant ; calyx tubular,
hispidly glandular, having the upper lip entire and acute, and the
segments of the lower lip acuminated ; corolla downy outside,
twice as long as the calyx : middle segment of lower lip large,
emarginately 2-lobed ; stamens much exserted. I; . S. Native
of Quito, at the roots of the mountains of Colopaxi and El Co-
razon, between Mulalo and Tambillo. Leaves pilose on the
middle nerve, above 1^ inch long, strong-scented. Peduncles
purplish, glandularly pilose, as well as the floral leaves. Corolla
blood-coloured. A plant intermediate between S. pseudo-coccinea
and <S'. pulchella. Leaves quite glabrous. Allied to S. glumacea,
yet the flowers are very different.
Cnwiswi-flowered Sage. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
224 S. linea'ta (Benth. lab. p. 724.) branches bifariously
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, truncate at
the base, green on both surfaces, and clothed with fine pubes-
cence ; floral leaves broad-ovate, deciduous ; racemes simple ;
whorls 4-6-flovvered ; calyx tubularly-campanulate, green, pu-
bescent, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower
lip ovate, scarcely acuminated ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx : tube exserted, ventricose : throat contracted : upper lip
villous ; stamens enclosed ; style plumose. f; . ? S. Native of
Mexico, Karwinski. Leaves almost like those of S. Grahaml.
Corollas form of those of S. fulgens, but smaller. Floral leaves
imbricate before florescence, pubescent, ciliated. Leaves cre-
nated.
LJHed-leaved Sage. Shrub.
225 S. pulche'lla (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 142. Benth.
lab. p. 291.) stem shrubby; branches pubescent; leaves petio-
late, ovate, narrowed at apex, bluntish, crenated, broad and cor-
date at the base, membranous, wrinkled a little, nearly glabrous ;
floral leaves membranaceous, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes
simple ; whorls about 10-flowered ; calyx tubular, striated,
finely-pubescent, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla twice or thrice as long as the
calyx, glabrous outside : tube much exserted, bidentate inside
at the base : middle segment of the lower lip broad-roundish,
shortly-emarginate ; style shortly -bearded above, tj . G. Na-
tive of Mexico. S. doliostachys Lag. CoUa, hort. rip. p. 125.
t. 16. Allied to S. fulgens, but differs in the thinner nearly
glabrous leaves, and more glabrous stem, and shorter glabrous
corollas, S:c. Corollas scarlet.
Pretty Sage. Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1821. Shrub 2 feet.
226 S. eu'lgens (Cav. icon. 1. p. 15. t. 23.) stem shrubby ;
branches pilosely-hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, crenately-
serrated, cordate at the base, pubescent above, clothed with white
tomentum or wool beneath ; floral leaves sessile, ovate, acumi-
nated, deciduous ; whorls 6-flowered ; calyxes longer than their
pedicels, tubularly-campanulate, pubescent, having the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, shortly and bluntly-
acuminated ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted,
ventricose, bidentate inside at the base : throat contracted :
upper lip villous outside ; stamens enclosed ; style plumose,
hardly exserted. Ij . G. Native of Mexico, on the mountains.
Sweet, fl. gard. n, s. 1. t. 59. Bot. reg. t. 1356. S. cardinalis.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 301. t. 151. S. splendens
Nova, Loud. gard. mag. 5. p. 577. f. 116. Leaves variable in
hairiness, and size from 1 to 3 inches long : floral leaves usually
coloured, deciduous. Corollas showy, scarlet, 2 inches long :
upper lip a little longer than the lower one.
Fulgent Sage. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1829. Shrub 2 to 5 feet.
227 S. Ayavace'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
298.) stem shrubby, erect, and is, as well as the branches, beset
with yellow hairs ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, cordate, cre-
nated, pilose beneath ; spikes terminal, sessile ; whorls 6-8
flowered, distant ; calyx tubular, striated, glandularly pilose,
having the upper lip, and the teeth of the lower lip, subulately
acuminated. h . S. Native of Peru, in temperate places be-
tween Ayavaca and the river Cutaco. Leaves 2 to 2^ inches
long. Rachis and pedicels hairy. Corolla purple, ex Bonpl.
Allied to S. rubescens and S. squalens, but differs in the corolla
being blue.
Ayavaca Sage. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
228 S. acumina'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1 . p. 24. t. 37. f. b.)
stem suffruticose, erect, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nated, crenately-serrated, cordate at the base, wrinkled, rather
hispid above, and of the same colour beneath, pubescent on
the nerves: floral leaves about equal in length to the calyxes,
ovate-oblong, obtuse, membranous, ciliated, deciduous ; racemes
almost simple ; whorls about C-flowered, remote ; flowers pedi-
cellate ; calyx tubular, striated, pubescent, having the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower one lanceolate and a little in-
curved ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted, a
little incurved : lips nearly equal. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in
Pillao and Canta. Floral leaves ghimaceous, flesh coloured.
Calyx almost an inch long. Corolla flesh coloured.
Acmmnated-\ea\eA Sage. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
229. S. longiflo'ra (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 23. t. 10. f.
a.) stem shrubby, erect, villous, clammy ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acuminated, serrated, cordate at the base, pubescentlv-hairv,
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; floral leaves ovate, acute,
coloured, deciduous ; raceme simple ; whorls few-flowered, dis-
tant ; calyx ovate, inflated, coloured, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla very long,
five times longer than the calyx, hairy outside : tube ample,
much exserted : lips nearly equal ; style glabrous. Pj . S. Na-
tive of Peru in Tarma at Huichay. Shrub much branched.
Leaves ample. Racemes elongated, nutant. Corolla 5 inches
long, showy, colour of wool.
Long-Jlowered Sage. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
* * * * C^eru'le.'e. Corollas blue, or bluish-violet.
230 S. RCMiciFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
305.) stem shrubby, erect, and is, as well as the branches, pu-
bescently-hairy ; leaves petiolate, oblong, hastate, bluntish, cre-
nated, clothed with hoary tomentose wool beneath ; panicles
terminal ; whorls 2-flowered, remote ; calyx clothed w ith glan-
dular hairs, campanulate, striated, having the upper lip entire
and acute, and the teeth of the lower lip acutish. I; . S. Na-
tive near the city of Quito, at the foot of Mount Javirac. Leaves
wrinkled and pilose above, 4 inches long and 2^ broad. Pedun-
cles, and branches of panicle beset with glandular hairs. Co-
rolla unknown. A beautiful species, intermediate between sec-
tions Brachyanthce and Long'ijlhrce.
Dock-leaved Sage. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
231 S. petiola'ris (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
304.) stems herbaceous, erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves on
very long petioles, deltoid, cordately-hastate, bluntish, irregu-
larly crenate-serrated, hairy ; spikes terminal, on long pedun-
cles, usually by threes ; whorls 2-flowered, distant ; calyx cloth-
ed with glandular hairs, campanulate, having the upper lip tri-
dentate, and the lower one bifid, with acuminated segments.
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
751
%. S. Native of tropical America, on tlie banks of the river
Magdalena. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla blue, pubescent.
Peliolate-\eavei\ Sage. PI. ll foot.
232 S. sacitta'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. I. p. 23. t. 35. fa.)
stem herbaceous, erect, villous ; leaves petioiate, triangularly
sagittate, acute, crenately serrated, much wrinisled, ciotiied with
soft villi ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; racemes
elongated, branched ; whorls remote, 3-G-flowered ; flowers pe-
dicellate -, calyx ovate, villous, having the upper lip broad-ovate,
obtuse, or tridentate, and the teeth of the lower lip acutish ; co-
rolla 4 times longer tlian the calyx : tube exserted, rather in-
flated beneath : middle lobe of lower lip emarginate ; style gla-
brous. ^ . S. Native of Peru, plentiful in gardens, and in
waste places ofTarma and Huanuco, and atObrajillo; and of
New Granada, on Mount Quindiu. Stem much branched at
bottom. Branches villous, and glandularly pubescent. Leaves
2-3 inches long. Calyx purplish-violet. Corolla pale blue,
downy outside. The vernacular name of this species in Peru is
Salvia Real, where the plant is used as a substitute for common
sage.
Sagittate-\eaved Sage. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
233 S. vitif6lia (Benth. lab. p. 724.) stem herbaceous,
erect, villous ; leaves petioiate, broadly deltoid, angularly lobed,
truncate at the base, or broadly and sagittately cordate, thick,
villously hairy, and green on both surfaces, or rufescent be-
neath ; floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, deciduous ;
racemes elongated, branched ; whorls remote, 2-6-flowered ;
flowers pedicellate ; calyx ovate-campanulate, villous, having
the upper lip somewhat tridentate, and the teeth of the lower lip
acuminated ; corolla 3-4 times longer than the calyx : tube a
little exserted, ventricose : limb gaping: upper lip falcate;
style glabrous. %. S. Native of Mexico, on Mount San
Felipe, near Oaxaca. Habit of S. petiolaris, S. sagittala, and
S. macrophylla, but differs in the form of the leaves. Corollas
blue, almost like those of S. petiolaris.
Fine-leaved Sage. PI. ?
234 S. macrophy'lla (Benth. lab. p. 725.) stem herbaceous,
erect, pilosely hispid ; leaves on long petioles, ample, ovate, cor-
date : upper ones hastate, a little wrinkled, green on both sur-
faces, hispid ; floral leaves ovate, deciduous ; racemes elon-
gated, branched, clammy ; whorls remote, 2-6-flowered ; flowers
pedicellate ; calyx campanulate, at length elongated, villous,
liaving the upper lip very shortly tridentate, and the lower one
bifid : the teeth all ovate, acute ; corolla about 4 times as long
as the calyx : tube exserted, widened : lips nearly equal ; style
glabrous, li.. S. Native of Peru, in the valley of Huanuco.
Allied to S. sagitlata ; but differs in the taller stature, in the
larger broader leaves, with the auricles rounded at the base.
Long-leaved Sage. PL 5 to 6 feet.
235 S. sctJTELLARioi'DES (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 2.
p. 303. t. 158.) plant herbaceous ; branches pilosely pubescent,
or nearly glabrous ; leaves petioiate, ovate, deltoid, acutish, cre-
nately-serrated, cordately hastate at the base, hairy on both sur-
faces; floral leaves ovate, deciduous; racemes nearly simple,
elongated ; whorls distant, generally 2-flowered ; calyx campa-
nulate, clothed with clammy villi, having the upper lip shortly
tridentate, and the lower lip bifid : teeth all acute ; corolla 3
times longer than the calyx : tube much exserted, ventricose :
middle segment of the lower lip emarginate; genitals much ex-
serted. 1^. S. Native of tropical America, as of the province
of Quito, near Chillo ; and in humid sandy places near Santa Fe
de Bogota. Stems procumbent at the base. Branches a foot
long, nearly naked in the upper part. Leaves li inch long, and
nearly the same in breadth. Corolla an inch long, blue, pubes-
cent outside. Form of calyx and lower lip of corolla almost as
in section Brachydntha:.
Skullcap-like Sage. PI. 1 foot.
236 S. pa'tens (Cav. icon. 5. p. 33. t. 454.) stem herbace-
ous, erect, pilose; leaves petioiate, ovate-deltoid, crenated, has-
tate at the base, or the upper ones are rounded, hispid on both
surfaces; floral leaves lanceolate-linear; whorls few, remote;
flowers large; calyx campanulate, villous, having the upper lip
very shortly tricuspidate, and the lower lip bifid ; teeth acumi-
nated ; corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx : throat
widened ; stamens much exserted ; style very long, glabrous.
ll-'. G. Native of Mexico, near Tlalpuxahua, Guanaxuato,
and Santa Rosa, and near Real del Monte. S. grandiflora,
Nee, ex Cav. S. spectabilis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
2. p. 304. Stems nearly simple. Lower leaves petioiate :
upper ones nearly sessile, paler beneath : floral leaves quite
entire, clothed with glandular villi. Corolla blue, more than 3
inches long, pubescent outside ; middle lobe of lower lip very
broad, emarginate.
Spreading Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
237 S. longi'styla (Benth. lab. p. 295.) stem herbaceous?
erect, clothed with tomentose villi; leaves petioiate, broad,
ovate, acuminated, crenated, amply cordate at the base, wrin-
kled, clothed with soft pubescent villi on both surfaces : supe-
rior ones sessile ; floral leaves ovate, long-acuminated, ciliated,
deciduous: uppermost ones rather comose ; whorls 6-10-flow-
ered ; calyx elongated, tubular, striated at the base, clothed
with soft pubescence, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth
of the lower lip very short, and setaceously acuminated ; corolla
hardly twice as long as the calyx : tube equal : middle lobe of
lower lip bifid ; genitals exserted ; style glabrous, the upper
lobe very long and subulate. 1/ . ? G. Native of Mexico,
near Zinepecuaro, Graham. Corolla blue, a little incurved.
Long-styled Sage. PI. 1
23S S. amethy'stina (Smith, icon. ined. 2. p. 27. t. 27.)
shrubby ; branches clothed with white villi ; leaves petioiate,
ovate, acute, deeply cordate at the base, with rounded auricles,
wrinkled, pubescent above, but clothed with hoary or white
tomentum beneath ; floral leaves lanceolate, deciduous ; racemes
elongated, simple ; whorls loose, 6-flowered, remote ; calyx
tubularly campanulate, villous outside, liaving the upper lip en-
tire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute; corolla about
twice as long as the calyx : tube exserted, ventricose : lips
nearly equal : middle lobe of lower lip almost entire ; genitals
inclosed; style bearded. Ij . S. Native of tropical America,
on the Andes of Quindiu, &c. Leaves 2 to 3 'r inches long, ser-
rated. Corollas form of those of S.fi'dgens, or S. Mexicana,
but blue, and 1 inch long. Leaves similar to those of S.
Julgens.
Ametliyst-Rowered Sage. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1817. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
239 S. Karwi'nskii (Benth. lab. p. 725.) stem shrubby?;
branches clothed with rufous wool ; leaves petioiate, ovate, acu-
minated, crenated, roimded at the base, rather wrinkled above,
and roughish, and clothed with rufous wool beneath ; floral
leaves deciduous ; whorls many-flowered ; calyx ample, tubular,
clothed with glandular villi, having the upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip very short, long-acuminated ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx ; genitals equalling the corolla ; style
glabrous. V^ . 1 G. Native of Mexico, Karwinski. Allied to
S. longlstyla and S. amethysima. Habit of S. Nce'nkei, but the
corolla is blue.
Kaminski's Sage. Shrub.
240 S. cva'nea (Benth. lab. p. 296. but not of Fisch.) stem
shrubby ; branches clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves pe-
tioiate, ovate, acuminated, serrately crenated, cordate at the
base, pubescent on both surfaces ; floral leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, membranous, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls loosely
752
LABIATiE. XXIX. Salvia.
C-10-flowered, rather secund ; calyx tubular, clothed with
rufous villi : upper lip very short, tricuspidate, and the teeth of
the lower lip lanceolate-acute ; corolla about 3 times as long as
the calyx : tube exserted, ventricose above : lips nearly equal ;
style bearded. Ij . G. Native of New Spain, Mo^ino et Sesse.
Allied to S. amethyslina,; but differs in the more acuminated
leaves, and particularly ita the slenderer calyxes being clothed
with rufous villi, and in the tricuspidate upper lip.
^^wre- flowered Sage. Shrub.
241 S. Mexica'na (Lin. spec. p. 37.) stem shrubby, erect,
tomentose ; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, narrowed at both
ends, crenately serrated, pubescently tomentose ; floral leaves
ovate, acute, deciduous, scarcely longer than the pedicels ;
whorls 6-20-flowered ; calyx tubular, with ciliated nerves, hav-
ing the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate,
acute, and mutic ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube in-
flated at the middle, contracted under the throat : lips nearly
equal : upper lip pubescent : middle lobe of lower lip smaller
than the lateral ones, roundish, emarijinate ; style bearded, with
subulate unequal lobes. I7 . S. Native of Mexico, near Paz-
cuaro, and near the city of Mexico. Cav. icon. 1. p. 16. t. 26.
S. melissaefolia, Desf. cat. hort. par. Sclarea Mexicana, Dill,
hort. elth. S33. t. 254. f. 330. Mill. diet. no. 14. Jiingia
altissima, Moench. meth. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla
blue ; tube oblong, bidentate inside.
Var. ft, major (Benth. lab. p. 297.) younger leaves more
densely and velvety tomentose. I; . S. S. pajiilionacea, Cav.
icon. 4. p. 9. t. 319. S. nitidifblia, Ortega, dec. p. 9. This is
a large handsome plant. The wings of the corolla figured by
Cavanilles, must be the side lobes of the lower lip split up by
accident, ex Benth.
Mexican Sage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1724. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
242 S. glabra'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. anier. 2. p.
299.) shrubby ? glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated,
serrately crenated, cordate at the base, green on both surfaces,
glabrous ; floral leaves small, deciduous ; racemes elongated,
simple ; whorls loose, 6-IO-flowered ; flowers on long pedicels ;
calyx tubularly carapanulate, nearly glabrous, having the upper
lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip subulately acuminated ;
corolla more than twice as long as the calyx : tube much ex-
serted, ventricose : lips rather short : upper lip villous : middle
lobe of lower lip very broad ; style bearded. 1;; . S. Native
of Mexico, Karwinski ; and of New Spain, at the monastery of
Caripe, and the village of CoccoUar. Larger leaves 2-4 inches
long. Corolla violaceous, an inch long. Stamens inclosed.
Style a little exserted.
Glabrous Sage. Shrub.
243 S. CONCOLOR (Lamb. herb, ex Benth. lab. p. 297.) stem
shrubby ? ; branches glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nated, serrated, truncate at the base, glabrous ; floral leaves de-
ciduous ; racemes elonnated, simple ; whorls remote, many-
flowered ; flowers on long pedicels ; calyx tubular, striated,
villous, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the lower
lip ovate, acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, pubescent
outside : tube slender, exserted, ventricose at top : lips nearly
equal ; style glabrous. \i . S. Native of Mexico. This dif-
fers from S. amethyslina, in the leaves being glabrous, truncate
at the base, not cordate ; in the long pedicels. Calyx bluish,
villous ; hairs usually glanduliferous. Corolla blue. Leaves
same colour on both surfaces, sometimes pubescent in the young
state.
Self-colouredAeaved Sage. Shrub. ?
244 S. c^ru'lea (Benth. lab. p. 298.) stem herbaceous?
erect ; branches glabrous, or spreadingly pilose ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, long-acuminated, truncate, rounded or subcordate at
the base, glabrous ; floral leaves deciduous ; whorls 2-6-flovv-
ered, somewhat secund ; calyx tubular, having the upper lip
entire, and the teeth of the lower lip very short and bluntish ;
corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx : tube exserted,
widened at top : lips nearly equal : upper lip pubescent outside;
connective minutely toothed behind; style glabrous. If,.? G.
Native of the south of Brazil, Sello. Upper part of branches
generally hispid from glanduliferous hairs. Leaves usually his-
pid from a few scattered hairs above, 4 inches long. Flowers
on sliort pedicels. Calyxes green or bluish, pubescent. Co-
rolla blue, 14 to 4 inches long. Stamens equalling the lower
hp.
jBfoc-flowered Sage. PI. ?
245 S. TUBiFLORA (Cav. icon. 1. p. 16. t. 25.) stem herba-
ceous, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, serrately-
crenated, roundedly truncate or subcuneated at the base, nearly
glabrous above, or clothed with hoary pubescence beneath ;
floral leaves deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls about 6-flow-
ered, secund ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx tubular, striated,
nearly glabrous, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of the
lower lip ovate, acuminated ; corolla 3-4 times as long as the
calyx, glabrous outside, or pubescent: tube exserted, equal, a
little incurved : lips short ; style bearded. 1(..?S. Native of
Mexico, Mo^ino et Sesse. S. longiflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 141.
Stems purplish, glabrous or pubescent on the angles. Corolla
violaceous, 12-15 lines long. Stamens a little exserted.
Tube-flowered Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
246 S. Guarani'tica (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 298.)
shrubby ; branches beset with spreading hairs ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, acute, serrated, truncately cordate at the base, much
wrinkled, hispid, clothed with rather hoary tomentum beneath ;
racemes numerous, simple, secund ; whorls few-flowered, loose,
approximate ; calyx tubular, nearly glabrous, having the upper
lip entire, and the teeth of the lower lip ovate, acute ; corolla
about 3 times as long as the calyx : tube much exserted : lips
elongated, equal ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; style
bearded beneath. h . S. Native of Brazil, among bushes
near Santa Anjo, in the Missions of the Uruguay, St. Hilaire.
This is a showy species. Leaves 1 to li inch long. Corolla
15-16 lines long, deep blue. Calyx usually glabrous, sometimes
hispid from glanduliferous hairs.
Guaranitic Sage. Shrub.
247 S. lamiifolia (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 37. t. 318.) stem
shrubby, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nated, serrately crenated, rounded or cuneated at the base, gla-
brous ; floral leaves membranous, ovate-lanceolate, deciduous ;
racemes elongated ; whorls 0-1 0-flowered ; flowers almost ses-
sile ; calyx tubular, having the upper lip entire, and the teeth of
the lower lip acute ; corolla scarcely twice as long as the calyx :
tube nearly equal : upper lip villous outside ; stamens equalling
the corolla in length ; style bearded. Vj . S. Native of the
Islands of St. Vincent and Trinidad. S. Boosiana, Jacq. fil.
eel. 1. p. 69. t. 47. S. Boosii, Tratt. obs. bot. fasc. 2. p. 59.
t. 92. S. hyemalis. Boose, ex Jacq. fil. 1. c. S. cyanea, Fisch,
cat. hort. gorenki. p. 21. S. thymiflora, Willd. enum, suppl.
p. 2. S. amoe'na, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1294. Andr. bot. rep. 6.
t. 446. S. violacea, Dunn, hort. cantabr. ed. 4. S. latifolia,
Anders, in trans, soc. arts et man. vol. 25. p. 210. S. azurea,
and S. caerillea, Hortul. Branches often pubescent while young.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Corolla blue.
Dead-nettle- leaved Sage. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
248 S. affi'nis (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 5. p. 99.)
stem shrubby ; branches glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acu-
minated, serrately crenated, rounded at the base, glabrous or
LABIAT/E. XXIX. Salvia.
753
finely pubescent ; floral leaves ovate, membranaceous, decidu-
ous ; racemes elongated, nearly simple, many-flowered ; whorls
somewhat approximate, G-lO-itowered, secund ; flowers pedi-
cellate ; calyx tubular, pubescent, having the upper lip entire,
and the teeth of the lower lip subulately acuminated ; corolla
about .3 times as long as the calyx : tube exserted, equal, slen-
der : lips nearly equal ; genitals exserted ; style glabrous. I; .
S. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa, Schiede et Deppe ; and of
the Cordillera de Guchilapa, Berlandier. Corollas pale violet.
Allied Sage. Siirub.
2^d S. pukpu'rea (Cav. icon. 2. p. 5'i. t. 166.) stem herba-
ceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nated, serrated, rounded or cordate at the base, glabrous or
clothed with fine hoary pubescence ; floral leaves small, ovate,
acuminated, deciduous ; racemes dense, branched ; whorls
many-flowered, approximate, secund ; calyx tubular, clothed
with white or purple wool, having tlie upper lip entire, and the
teeth of the lower lip subulately mucronate ; corolla about 3
times as long as the calyx : tube exserted, incurved : upper lip
pubescent ; style bearded on all sides. %. S. Native of
Mexico. Jacq. schcenbr. 3. p. 2. t. 253. Habit of .S. pohjsta-
chya ; but differs in the stem being more glabrous ; in the
flowers being secund, densely woolly : and in the corolla being
twice as long, tubular, and of a reddish purple colour.
P«r/j/e-flowered Sage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
\ Species doubtful whelher belonging to the present section.
250 S. cuphexfolia (H. B. et Kuntli. nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
288.) stem herbaceous, bifariously pilose ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-elliptic, bluntish, acute at the base, crenated, glabrous,
with hairy margins ; whorls 2-flowered, very remote ; calyxes
glabrous, ciliated, tubular, striated, having the upper lip ovate,
entire, acute, and the teeth of the lower lip acute. % . S.
Native of Peru, in woods. Stem branched. Leaves 6-9 lines
long. Pedicels hairy. Bracteas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
glabrous, with ciliated margins, deciduous. This species ought
probably to be placed in section Longijidrce Aurantiaca.
Cuphea-leaved Sage. PI. 1 h foot.
251 S. ru'fula (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 291.) stem suffru-
ticose, erect, clothed with rufous toraentum ; leaves ovate, acu-
minated, narrowed at the base, petiolate, serrated, clothed with
rufous pubescence beneath ; whorls about 6-flowered, distant ;
calyx rather pilose, having the upper lip entire and acute, and
the lower one bifid ; genitals inclosed. ^ . S. Native of New
Granada, on the Andes of Quindiu, near Los Gallegos. Leaves
rather hairy above, 2-3 inches long. Bracteas ovate, acumi-
nately subulate, pubescent, ciliated. Corolla purple : upper lip
pubescent.
Rufous Sage. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
252 S. Tolime'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 292.) stem
shrubby, erect, clothed with rufous pubescence ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acute at both ends, petiolate, densely pubescent be-
neath ; whorls about C-flowered, distant; calyx hairy, having
the upper lip ovate, entire, acute, and the lower lip bifid ; sta-
mens inclosed. T^ . S. Native on Mount Quindiu, between
Ibague and Tolima. Leaves nearly glabrous above, but beset
with short scattered hairs beneath, 2-3 inches long. Bracteas
ovate, acute, serrulated, pubescent beneath. Upper lip of co-
rolla pubescent outside.
Tolima Sage. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
253 S. Di'scoLOR (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 146.) stem shrub-
by, erect, clothed with hoary tomentum ; young branches clam-
my ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, rounded at the
VOL. IV.
base, quite entire, glabrous above, and clothed with white to-
mentum beneath ; whorls about 8-flowered, distant ; bracteas
caducous ; calyx clothed with w^hite tomentum, campanulate,
striated, having the upper lip ovate, acute, and the teeth of the
lower lip short, acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : mid-
dle segment of the lower lip 2-lobed ; stamens inclosed. h^ • S.
Native of the Andes of Peru, in shady places along the valley
of the river Guamcabamba. Leaves 2 inches long. Corolla
violaceous. This is a very distinct species, and ought probably
to be placed in section Longifhrce Ccerulece.
T7vo-coloured-\eaved Sage. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
254 S. AcuTiFOLiA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 24. t. 38.
f. b.) shrubby, branched ; branches tomentose ; leaves petio-
late, cordate, acute, bluntly and unequally serrated, wrinkled
above, and tomentose, and very veiny beneath; whorls 6-12-
flowered, approximate; flowers on short pedicels, secund ; brac-
teas ovate-lanceolate, acute, keeled, deciduous, tomentose ; calyx
tomentose, having the upper lip entire, and the lower one bifid ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx; stamens length of corolla;
stigma villous, exserted. ^j . S. Native of Peru, plentiful in
meadows and humid places in Cheuchin, where it is called Suc-
chonca by the natives.
Acule-leaved Sage. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
255 S. PAUciFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
303.) stems shrubby, erect, and are, as well as the branches,
hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, cordate, crenated, clothed
with fine white tomentum beneath ; whorls 2-flowered, distant ;
calyx pubescent, tubular, striated, having the upper lip acute,
and the segments of the lower lip acuminated ; genitals exserted.
Tj . S. Native of New Spain, in hot places. Branches pur-
plish. Leaves pubescent above, 1 inch long. Bracteas oblong,
shorter than the calyxes, deciduous. Corolla purple, with a
hairy upper lip.
Few-flowered Sage. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. IX. Echino'sphace (from tyjLVQc, echinos, a. hedge-hog;
and iT<pak-oc, sphakos, sage ; so called in reference to the spiny
floral leaves and bracteas.) Benth. lab. p. 302. Floral leaves
and bracteas imbricate, spinose. Calyx ovate : upper lip tri-
dentate : lower lip shorter, bifid : teeth all spinose. Tube of
corolla furnished with a ring of hairs inside ; upper lip straight,
emarginately bifid : lateral lobes of lower lip small, and the
middle lobe large, and lacerately fringed. Connective fixed bv
the middle, remote, stretched out behind, and bearing a pollini-
ferous cell, nearly similar to the other. — A Californian herb.
Flowers heaped in many-flowered dense whorls, propped by
bracteas.
256 S. cardua'cea (Benth. lab. p. 302.) stem herbaceous,
erect, almost simple, clothed with white wool ; leaves petiolate,
oblong, pinnatifid, clothed with loose wool beneath : lobes ovate,
sinuately toothed : teeth spinosely acuminated ; whorls remote,
densely many-flowered; calyx inflated^ woolly; tube of corolla
almost inclosed; connective free behind, and bearing an almost
empty cell. 1/ . ? H. Native of California, Douglas. Habit
of Morina Persica, or a species of Curduus.
Thistle-like Sage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. X. Pychno'sphace (so called from -rvx^oc, pychnos,
dense ; and a<puKuc, sphakos, sage ; in reference to the dense
whorls of flowers.) Benth, lab. p. 302. Floral leaves and
bracteas imbricate, mutic. Calyx ovate ; upper lip triden-
tate ; lower lip bifid : teeth all subulate. Tube of corolla
furnished with a ring of hairs inside ; upper lip straight :
middle lobe of the lower lip entire or emarginate. Connective
fixed by the middle, remote, and extended behind, bearing a
5 D
754
LABIATiE. XXIX. Salvia.
polliniferous, almost conform cell. — A Californian herb. Whorls
densely many-flowered.
257 S. columba'kia (Benth. lab. p. 302.) herbaceous, erect,
a little branched ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, wrinkled, almost
glabrous : lobes oblong-linear, obtuse, erosely toothed or cut :
terminal lobe hardly broader than the rest ; floral leaves bractea-
formed ; whorls solitary or twin, hemispherical, densely many-
flowered ; bracteas broad, ovate, acuminated, membranous ;
calyx pubescent : upper lip elongated, concave ; tube of corolla
inclosed: middle lobe of lower lip crenulated ; connective bear-
ing an empty cell behind, i; . ? H. Native of California,
Douglas. Habit of Scahiosa columbaria. Stems pubescent.
Corollas a little longer than the calyxes, bluisii, size of those of
S. Nilutica.
Pigeon Sage. PI. | to 1 foot.
•f- A species doubtful ivhether belonging to sect. X.
258 S. Leonia (Benth. lab. p. 303.) herbaceous, pubescent,
branched ; leaves cordate, crenated, wrinkled, petiolate ; whorls
5-6-flowered, propped by sessile, ovate, acuminated bracteas ;
flowers pedicellate ; calyx with a truncate tridentate upper lip,
and a bidentate lower lip ; upper lip of corolla keeled, erect,
shorter than the lower lip : middle lobe of lower lip larger,
emarginate ; stigma trifid ? the lower segments the longest ;
stamens 2-forked at top, with an anther on each division. 1/.
G. Native of Mexico, at Chignagua, in Santa Rosa. Leonia
salvifolia, Llave ex Lexarza, nov. pi. mex. fasc. 2. p. 6.
Leon Sage. PL 1 foot.
Sect. XI. Hetero'sphace (from krepoQ, heteros, variable ;
and iT(paKoc, sithahos, sage.) Benth. in Hook. hot. misc. vol. 3.
lab. p. 303. Floral leaves deciduous. Calyx tubular : upper
lip truncate, tridentate. Tube of corolla furnished with a pilose
ring inside : upper lip short, straight ; lateral lobes of the lower
lip small, spreading a little. Connective fixed by the middle,
remote, and extended behind, bearing a polliniferous, almost con-
form cell. — Herbs, natives of the Mediterranean, Africa, Asia,
and North America. Flowers racemose ; whorls loose, few-flow-
ered. Calyxes often coloured.
259 S. Nilotica (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 258.) stem herbaceous,
erect, villous ; lower leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, arose or
lyrate, rather narrowed at the base : upper ones broad, heart-
shaped, nearly sessile, all green on both surfaces, and villous ;
floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, very acute, rather shorter than
the calyxes; racemes short, branched; whorls 6-10-flovvered,
distinct ; calyx ovate-campanulate, pubescent : teetli of lower
lip lanceolate, very acute ; corolla half as long again as the
calyx : tube nearly equal, naked inside : middle lobe of lower
lip emarginate; connective bearing an empty cell behind. %.
H. Native of Egypt. Murr. comm. gcett. 1778. p. 98. t. 2.
Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 4». t. 92. S. intermedia, Schultes, obs.
bot. 9. S. napaifolia, of many authors, but not of Jacq. S.
Abyssinica, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 2. t. 6, but not of Lin., but
probably of Lin. fil. suppl. p. 81.? S. Niibia, Murr. comm.
goett. 1770. p. 90. t. 3. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 259, and probably
of Ait. S. applan^ta, Willd. enum. suppl. 3. Horminum Nilo-
ticum, Moench. meth. Horminum napifolium. Mill. diet. no.
4. ? Hairs of stem rather clammy. Floral leaves and calyxes
bluish. Corollas pale blue.
Nile Sage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
260 S. sylvi'cola (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 6052.) stem her-
baceous, ascending, villous ; leaves on short petioles, broad-
ovate, acute, toothed, cordate at the base, a little lobed, villous
on both surfaces ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, shorter than
the calyxes ; racemes simple ; whorls secund, loose, fi-flovvered,
distant; calyx tubularly campanulate, villous: teeth of lower
lip lanceolate, all setaceously acuminated ; corolla twice as long
as the calyx : tube slender, exserted : upper lip, and middle
lobe of lower lip emarginate. IJ. .1 S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Stems almost simple. Leaves furnished with one
or two lobes on each side, canescent beneath. Corollas almost
like those o{ S. aurila, but one half smaller.
JVood Sage. PI. 2 feet.
261 S. tenuifolia (Burch. cat. geogr, no. 298.) stems her-
baceous, erect, branched at the base, villous ; leaves on long
petioles, ovate-roundish, obtuse, toothed, or a little cut, subcor-
date, truncate or subhastate, or lobed at the base, villous on
both surfaces ; floral leaves rather shorter than the pedicels,
ovate-lanceolate, acute ; racemes simple ; whorls subsecund,
2-6-flowered, remote ; flowers jjcdicellate ; calyx tubular, co-
loured, striated, pubescent ; corolla about twice as long as the
calyx : tube exserted, equal : upper lip very short : middle lobe
of lower lip emarginate ; connective bearing an empty cell be-
hind. %."? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla
blue. Genitals exserted. Herb small, leafy and branched at
the base.
Thin-leaved Sage. PI. i to 1 foot.
262 S. auri'ta (Thunb. prod. p. 96.) stem herbaceous,
erect, villous ; leaves petiolate, lyrately pinnatifid or pinnate,
with erosely toothed segments, veiny beneath, and clothed with
hoary pubescence ; floral leaves minute, ovate, acute ; racemes
simple; whorls 6-10-flowered, distant, secund; calyx sessile,
tubular, elongated, coloured, striated, pubescent: teeth of upper
lip setaceous, of the lower lip lanceolate, very acute ; corolla
more than twice as long as the calyx : tube slender, much ex-
serted, equal : upper lip very short : middle lobe of lower lip
emarginate ; connective bearing an empty cell behind. 11. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem nearly simple, erect
or ascending. Calyxes bluish-purple at top. Corollas size and
form of those of S. lijrata, but more slender.
£ared-leaved Sage. Fl. May, Jime. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
263 S. sca'bra (Thunb. prod. p. 97.) stem herbaceous, erect,
panicled, branched ; leaves lyrately pinnatifid, wrinkled, sca-
brous, with erosely curled margins, veiny and canescent be-
neath ; floral leaves minute, ovate-lanceolate ; racemes elon-
gated, a little branched ; whorls 6-flowered, distant ; calyx cam-
panulate, pubescent : teeth of upper lip setaceous, of the lower
lip lanceolate, acute ; corolla twice as long as the calyx: tube
nearly equal : middle lobe of lower lip emarginate; connective
bearing an empty cell behind. 1/ . ? G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Stem stiff, scabrous, pubescent. Corolla blue,
similar to those of S. runcinala, but a little larger.
Scabrous ?>age. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. 2 feet.
264 S. runcina^ta (Lin. mant. 80.) stem herbaceous, erect,
panicled, branched ; leaves runcinately pinnatifid, wrinkled,
rather hispid above : lobes deeply crenated : terminal lobe the
largest ; floral leaves minute, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; racemes
a little branched, few-flowered ; whorls 2-6-flowered, remote ;
calyx ovate, pubescent : teeth of upper lip minute, setaceous,
and of the lower one lanceolate-acute ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx : tube nearly equal : middle lobe of lower lip emargi-
nate ; connective bearing an empty cell behind. 1/ . ? G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 1. p.
5. t. 8. S. erosa, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 68. Poir. suppl. 5.
p. 49. Herb usually clothed with hoary pubescence. Corollas
blue. Genitals a little exserted.
i?i<nemc!<e-leaved Sage. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
755
265 S. stenophy'lla (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1 881.) plant her-
baceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceo-
late or linear, runcinately-sub-piniiatificl, wrinkleil : floral leaves
minute, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; racemes a little branched ;
\vhorls about 6-flo\vered, remote ; calyx ovate, glabrous : teeth
of lower lip lanceolate, acutish, all mutic ; corolla twice as long
as tlie calyx : tube nearly equal, hardly exserted : lips short,
nearly equal ; connective bearing an eni])ty cell behind. 1/ . ? G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to S. runcinata, but
is nearly glabrous, the stem taller and less branched, &c.
Narroiv-leaved Sage. PI. ?
2G6 S. re'pens (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 2830.) herbaceous,
quite glabrous ; stems creeping at the base, leafy ; floriferous
branches ascending, nearly naked ; leaves nearly all radical,
petiolate, elongated, runcinately pinnatifid, hardly wrinkled :
floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the calyxes ;
racemes nearly simple; whorls somewhat secnnd, about G-fluw-
ered, remote ; calyx ovate, with the teeth of the lower lip lan-
ceolate, all setaceously-acuminated. 2/ . ? G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Leaves like those of -S". stenoiihijlla, but
the flowers are a little larger.
Creeping Sage. Shrub. ?
2G7 S. lyra'ta (Lin. spec. p. 33.) stem herbaceous, erect,
nearly simple, pilose ; radical leaves lyrate, erosely-toothed,
rather hispid on both surfaces ; cauline leaves few, oblong-lan-
ceolate, narrowed a long way at the base : floral leaves oblong-
linear, rather shorter than the calyxes ; racemes nearly simple ;
whorls 6-Howered, loose, distant : calyx tubularly-carapanulate,
nutant, pilose, with the teeth of the lower lip lanceolate, acute,
of the upper one short and distant ; corolla about thi-ee times as
long as the calyx : tube much exserted, widened at top : middle
lobe of lower lip very broad, emarginate : connective bearing an
empty cell behind. 2/ . H. Native of North America, in Phila-
delphia, Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Cunila lyrata, Schranck,
in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 57. Horminum lyrktum. Mill. diet,
no. 2. Horminum Virginicum, Lin. spec. p. 832. — Dill. elth.
219. t. 175. f. 21G.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 13. t. 27. Radical
leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers pedicellate. Calyxes coloured,
ciliated with long spreading hairs. Corolla purplish, violet,
9-10 lines long.
LyrateAedMeA. Sage. Fl, June, July. Clt. 1728. PI. i to
1 foot.
268 S. obova'ta (Elliott, bot. carol. 1. p. 33.) stem herba-
ceous, erect, rather pilose ; leaves broad-obovate, entire, sinu-
ated, nearly glabrous, narrowed a long way at the base ; floral
leaves ovate, rather shorter than the calyxes ; racemes nearly
simple; whorls 6-flowered, dense, remote; calyx tubularly-
campanulate, nutant, pilose : teeth of lower lip lanceolate, acute ;
corolla about three times longer than the calyx : tube much ex-
serted, widened at top ; connective bearing an empty cell be-
hind. %. H. Native of Georgia, at the river Oakmulgee, and
of New Orleans. Nearly allied to S. lyrata.
Oboiate-leaved Sage. PI. 1 foot.
269 S. acau'lis (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 257.) stem herbaceous,
erect, nearly simple, pilose ; leaves obovate, entire, sinuated,
rather hispid on both surfaces, narrowed a long way at the base :
floral leaves ovate, rather shorter than the calyxes ; racemes
almost simple ; whorls 6-flowered, remote ; calyx tubularly-
campanulate, nutant, pilose, the teeth of the lower lip lanceolate,
acute ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx : tube slen-
der, much exserted, widened above ; connective bearing an
empty cell behind. %. "! G. Native of the East Indies, Rot-
tier. S. ocymoldes, Roxb. et Benth. Wall. pi. rar. 1. p. 68. This
species differs from <S'. ohovata, in the corollas being smaller and
slenderer, and in the leaves being narrower. Perhaps not dis-
tinct from <S'. ohovata.
Stemless Sage. PI. \ foot ?
270 S. Japonica (Thunb jap. p. 22. t. 5.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, pinnate ; leaflets
ovate, acuminated, narrowed at the base, deeply-toothed, or pin-
natifid, glabrous ; floral leaves lanceolate, shorter than the
calyxes ; racemes almost simple ; whorls about G-flowered, dis-
tinct ; calyx tubularly campanulate, glabrous, striated, havinf
the upper lip entire, ovate, obtuse, and the teeth of the lower lip
acute; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube hardly exserted,
equal : middle lobe of the lower lip emarginate ; genitals ex-
serted. ©. H. Native of Japan. Corollas blue, size of those
of S. verlicillata. Leaves 3-4 inches long. This is a very ele-
gant annual species.
Japan Sage. Pi. 1 foot ?
271 S. Chine'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 725.) stem herbaceous,
erect, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, entire, or the lower ones ter-
nate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, truncate or cordate, pilose
above, and glabrous beneath : floral leaves small, bractea-formed ;
racemes nearly simple ; calyx tubularly-campanulate, striated,
glabrous or hispid ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx :
tube hardly exserted, upper lip incurved, lower one spreading.
©. H. Native of China, near Kia-nang, Sir G, Staunton.
Herb fasciculately-branched. Leaves about an inch long. Calyx
coloured. Corolla pubescent outside. Flowers similar to those
of iS*. Japonica.
China Sage. PI.
-j- Species belonging to sect. XI. but are not well known.
272 S. triangula'ris (Thunb. prod. p. 96.) plant hispidly vil-
lous ; stem erect, branched ; leaves petiolate, cordate, triangu-
larly-spatulate, toothed; whorls remote; flowers pedicellate;
calyx angular, awned, a little shorter than the corolla. 0. ? H.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches and branchlets
divaricate. Leaves hardly an inch long. Petioles length of
leaves. Easily distinguished from S. aurlta by the petioles
being without auricles, and by the stem being branched.
Triangular-\ea.\'eA Sage. PI. 2 feet.
273 S. obtusata (Thunb. prod. p. 97.) villous; stem erect-
ish, simple, or branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate, deeply cre-
nated, rarely sub-hastate, glabrous above, and pilose on the veins
beneath, with ciliated edges ; whorls 2-flowered ; flowers pedicel-
late ; calyxes narrow, scabrous, awned, about half the length of
the corollas. 1/ . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Leaves hardly an inch long. Petioles ciliated.
iJ/iin<-leaved Sage. PI. 1 foot.
274 S. Claytonii (Elliott, bot. carol. 1. p. 32.) stem herba-
ceous, erect ; leaves ovate and cordate, lanceolate, pinnatifid,
wrinkled, pubescent on the veins and margins; segments toothed;
floral leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, toothed, pubescent :
whorls 6-flowered ; calyx sub-campanulate, hispid on the mar-
gins and veins : the teeth of the upper lip connivent, and the
segments of the lower lip acuminated, mucronate. %. H. Na-
tive of South Carolina, in arid, sandy pastures about Beaufort,
abundant. Root thick ; almost tuberous. Anthers black. Con-
nective antheriferous at both ends.
Clayton's Sage. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. XII. Noiio'space (from vorwc, notios, humid, and
(T(j,aKos, sphakos, sage ; the species contained in this section are
inhabitants of lunnid places.) Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
374. lab. p. 309. Floral leaves and bracteas minute. Calyx
ovate, the upper lip entire or shortly tridentate, with the teeth
connivent; lower lip bifid. Corolla small; tube inclosed; upper lip
straight, lower lip spreading a little. Connective fixed by the mid-
dle, remote, and extended behind, bearing a conform fertile cell.
5 D 2
756
LABIATE. XXIX. Salvia.
275 S. PLEBE^iA (R. Br. prod. p. 501.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblong, wrinkled ;
whorls loose, about 6-flowered, racemose ; racemes fastigiately-
panicled ; calyxes campanulate, the upper lip quite entire, and
the teeth of the lower lip obtuse ; corolla hardly longer than the
calyx, the upper lip arched ; connective bearing an empty cell
behind. 1/ . ? G. Native of the East Indies in humid places ;
of Nipaul, Oude, Hindostan, and Silhet, Wall. ; Deyra Dhoon,
and the banks of the river Jumna, Royle ; Cashmere, Jacque-
mont ; China, Reeves ; Tropical New Holland, R. Br. S.
minutiflora, Bunge, enum, pi. chin. p. 50. S. brachiata, Roxb.
hort. beng. 4. fl. ind. 1. p. 146. S. parviflora, Roxb. hort.
beng. 4. ? O'cymum fastigiatum. Roth, nov. spec. 277. Lum-
nitzera fastigiata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. C87. Leaves 2-3 inches
lontr. Corolla having the upper lip and the middle segment of
the lower lip emarginate.
Plebeian Sage. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
276 S. jEgypti'aca (Lin. spec. p. 33.) stems procumbent,
humble, much branched, clothed with hoary pubescence ; cauline
leaves small, remote, sessile, lanceolate-linear, acute, toothed, or
the lower ones are oblong, narrowed into the petioles at the base ;
floral leaves minute ; racemes elongated, a little branched ;
whorls remote, usually 2-flovvered ; calyx ovate, pubescent, hav-
ing the upper lip shortly tridentate, and the lower lip bifid, with
lanceolate subulately-acuminated teeth ; corolla scarcely exceed-
ing the calyx; connective bearing an empty cell behind. ©.
S." Native of the North and West coast of Africa, as of Egypt,
Libya, Arabia, Canary Islands, Cape Verd Islands, Persia,
&c. Thymus Syrticus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 697. Thymus hirtus,
Viv. fl. libyc. p. 30. t. 14. f. 1. Melissa perennis, Forsk. fl.
segypt. p. 108. S. Jigyptiaca, Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 49. t.
108. Plant woody at base. Branches and leaves pubescent
and canescent. Leaves | inch long. Corolla and stamens as in
iS'. plebeia.
Egyptian Sage. PI. | to f foot.
277 S. PUMILA (Benth. lab. p. 726.) stem humble, erect,
tufted, bearded by long stift' hairs ; leaves approximate at the
base of the stem, oblong or linear, narrowed at the base, much
wrinkled, green on both surfaces : floral leaves minute ; racemes
a little branched ; whorls remote, 2-6-flowered : upper whorls
sterile ; calyx ovate, pilose : upper lip shortly-tridentate : lower
lip bifid, with broad-lanceolate, very acute teeth ; corolla hardly
exceeding the calyx ; connective bearing an empty cell behind.
%. H. Native of Cashmere, Royle. Very nearly allied to S.
^gyptiaca, but differs in the stems being erect and hardly
branched, and in the root being perennial.
Z)n'a)/ Sage. PI. J to 1 foot.
Sect. XIII. Gymnosphace (from yvfxvoQ, gymnos, naked; and
aipaKog, sphacos, sage ; probably so called from the naked flo-
riferous branches.) Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 374. lab.
p. 310. Calyx ovate-tubular ; upper lip entire, recurved ; lower
lip bifid. Tube of corolla short, ample, furnished with a ring of
hair inside ; lips short : upper one erect : lobes of lower lip
spreading. Connective remote behind, deflexed, filiform, acute.
Filaments erect, somewhat continuous with the connective. Per-
haps a proper genus.
278 S. SAxicoLA (Wall, ex Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p.
68. lab. p. 310.) stems tufted, branched at the base ; floriferous
branches erect, almost naked ; radical leaves and lower can-
line ones roundish-cordate, crenated, glabrous ; cauline leaves
very few, ovate-lanceolate, deei)ly-toothed : floral leaves minute,
ovate ; racemes a little branched ; whorls loose, distinct, or
the upper ones are spicate ; calyx tubularly-campanulate, droop-
ing, glabrous : teeth of lower lip lanceolate, acutish ; corolla
hardly exceeding the calyx ; fertile anthers all adnate. % . F.
Native of Nipaul, Wall. Stems numerous, from a thick radi-
cant base, simple or branched under the raceme, glabrous at the
base ; axis of raceme villous. Radical leaves 2-3 inches long,
pale beneath. Corolla small, blueish.
Rock Sage. PI. i to l^ foot.
Sect. XIV. Hemi'sphace (from ijjxi, hemi, half; and o-^oroc,
sphakos, sage.) Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 374. lab. p.
310. Calyx tubular ; upper lip truncate, tridentate ; lower lip
bifid. Tube of corolla furnished with a pilose ring inside ; upper
lip erectly-spreading, arched, and the lobes of the lower lip
spreading. Connective remote behind, drawn out a little, de-
flexed, acute. Filaments straight, somewhat continuous with the
connect^e. Herbs, native of the region of the Mediterranean,
with the habit of those species contained in Sect. Heler6sp>hace.
Perhaps a proper genus.
279 S. verticilla'ta (Lin. spec. 37.) stems herbaceous, erect,
pilosely-hispid ; leaves cordate at the base, lyrate : terminal
lobe very large, ovate, roundish, or entire, siimately-crenated,
hispid or woolly on both surfaces ; racemes branched ; whorls
20-40-flowered, remote ; calyx tubular, villous : teeth of lower
lip setaceously-acuminated ; corolla about twice as long as the
calyx: tube almost inclosed. %. H. Native of the South of
Europe, and the North of Africa, and Caucasus. — Barrel, icon,
t. 199. Hormuiura verticilltltum. Mill. diet. no. 3. Leaves
large, irregularly crenated or sinuated, hispid on the nerves ; flo-
ral leaves bractea-formed, broad, ovate, acuminated, ciliated,
shorter than the calyxes. Calyx usually coloured. Corolla
bluish violet. The whole plant is hoary.
Var. /3. mollis (Benth. lab. p. 311.) leaves clothed with soft
wool on both surfaces. 1(1. H. S. mollis, Donn, hort. cant,
edit. 1804, but not of Jacq. Corolla bluish purple.
Var. y. pallida (Benth. lab. p. 311.) leaves almost quite en-
tire, and are, as well as the stems, clothed with pale villi. 1/ . H.
Young leaves densely woolly beneath.
Whorlcd Sage. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1628. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
280 S. napifolia (Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 71. t. 152.) stem
herbaceous, erect, pilosely-hispid ; lower leaves lyrate, terminal
lobe large, and is, as well as the superior leaves, ovate-oblong,
sinuately-crenated, rounded, or cordate at the base, rather vil-
lous on both surfaces ; racemes scarcely branched ; whorls 6-12-
flovvered, remote ; calyx tubular, villous, teeth all setaceously-
acuminated ; corolla half as long again as the calyx : tube in-
closed. l/.H. Native of Syria, among bushes about Smyrna,
and of the island of Cois. S. verticillata, var. D'Urv. in mem.
soc. lin. par. 1. p. 260. ? This hardly differs from S. verticillala,
except in the whorls being usually 10, but never 20-flowered,
and in the corollas being about half the size. The leaves, as in
S. verlicillata, are also sometimes entire. Corollas blueish purple.
Turnip-leaved Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1776. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
281 S. Russe'llii (Benth. lab, p. 312.) stems herbaceous,?
erect, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, sinuately-
toothed, thick, wrinkled, clothed with white wool on both sur-
faces : floral leaves ovate, acuminated, shorter than the calyxes ;
whorls loosely many-flowered, remote ; calyx tubular : teeth
all acuminated ; corolla half as long again as the calyxes : tube
inclosed, i;. H. Native of Syria, near Aleppo, Russell.
Flowers similar to those of S. verlicillata, but smaller ; and the
leaves are almost like those of S. pomifera.
Russell's Sage. PL 2 to 3 feet. ?
-|- Species, the names of which arc alone known.
1 S. eysanti'na, Juss. ex. Steud. nom. p. 725. 2. S. Halleri,
Fisch. ex Steud. nom. 726. 3. -S'. rostrata, Schmidt, abhandl.
boh. wiss. 1. p. 11.
LABIA'I'.E. XXIX. Salvia. XXX. Audibertia. XXXI. Rosmarinus.
757
Cult. Many of the species of Salvia are very showy wlien
in blossom, particularly most of tliose species belonging to sec-
tions Hurmhium, Eusphace, and Calosphacc, § 7, Lung'ijlorce.
Most of them thrive in a rich, light soil. The shrubby kinds
are readily increased by young cuttings, under a hand-glass ;
those of the stove species in heat ; the herbaceous perennial
kinds by dividing at the root. The seeds of the annual and
biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open border
where they are intended to remain.
XXX. AUDIBE'RTIA (named after M. Audibert, a nursery-
man of Tarascon.) Benth. in bot. reg. 17. no. 1469. lab.
p. 312 ; but not of Benth. in bot. reg. 15. no. 1^83.
LiN. sysT. Dtdndtia, Monogi'/nia. Calyx ovate, bilabiate ;
upper lip concave, entire, or shortly tridentate; lower lip bifid ;
throat naked inside. Corolla having the tube equal in length to
the calyx, or exserted ; limb bilabiate : upper lip bifid, with
spreading lobes : lower lip trifid, having the lateral lobes ovate
or oblong, and the middle lobe very broad and emarginate. The
tuo lower stamens fertile, ascending, usually exserted ; the ru-
diments of the two upper ones small and club-shaped or want-
ing ; anthers dimidiate with a linear connective, which is articu-
lated in the filament, ascending, bearing a one-celled linear
anther at top, but not drawn out behind, or very shortly acumi-
nated. Style subulately-bifid. — A californian genus intermediate
between Rosmarinus and sections Echinosphace and Pychnosphace
of Salvia.
1 A. grandiflora (Benth. lab. p. 312.) stem tall, villous;
leaves oblong-elliptic, sinuately-crenated, cordate at the base,
wrinkled ; whorls dense, many-flowered ; bracteas broad-ovate,
and are, as well as the calyxes, ample, membranous, coloured,
and villous; stamens much exserted. 1|^. ? H. Native of
North California, Douglas. Lower leaves petiolate, 3-4 inches
long, villous, pale or canescent beneath : upper ones sessile,
smaller : floral leaves stem-clasping. Tube of corolla exserted.
Upper lip of calyx obtuse.
Great-Jlowered Audibertia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 A. hu'milis (Benth. lab. p. 313.) suffruticose ; leaves ap-
proximate at the base of the stem, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, crenulated, narrowed a long way at the base, wrinkled,
canescent : floral leaves and bracteas lanceolate, acute, villous ;
genitals exserted. fj . F. Native of North California, Douglas.
Habit of a small variety of Salvia officinalis. Stem leafy and
hoary at bottom, but villous at top. Lower leaves 1 to I5 inch
long. Whorls many-flowered. Upper lip of calyx tridentate.
Tube of corolla hardly exserted.
Humble Audibertia. Shrub | foot.
3 A. sTACiiYofcES (Benth. lab. p. 313.) suflTruticose ; branches
stiff, leafy ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
crenidated, narrowed at the base, wrinkled, canescent beneath :
floral leaves and bracteas ovate, acuminated ; genitals rather
shorter than the corolla. ^ . F. Native of North California.
Branches tomentosely-pubescent, clammy and villous above, as
well as the bracteas and calyxes. Leaves 2-3 inches long, green
above ; petioles dilated, and stem-clasping as in the preceding
species. Teeth of calyx spiny.
Stachys-itke Audibertia. Shrub.
4 A. NivEA (Benth. lab. p. 313.) suffruticose ; branches stiff,
clothed with white tomentum above ; leaves nearly sessile, lan-
ceolate, obtuse, rounded at the base, wrinkled, clothed with white
tomentum on both surfaces : floral leaves and bracteas ovate-
lanceolate ; raceme simple ; genitals exserted. Ij . F. Native
of North California, Douglas. Leaves distant, 1 to 1| inch
long. Lips and teeth of calyx almost obsolete. Tube of corolla
a little exserted.
Snowy Audibertia. Shrub.
5 A, inca'na (Benth. in bot. reg. t. 1469.) suffruticose;
branches divaricate, branched, canescent ; leaves obovate-oblonir,
obtuse, quite entire, narrowed at the base, canescent: floral
leaves broad-ovate ; racemes simple ; genitals exserted. Ij . F.
Native of North-west America, on the plains of the river Colum-
bia, near Priest's rapid, and on argillaceous hills. Leaves 1 to
1 5 inch long, pubescent ; upper floral leaves orbicular, sessile,
ciliated. Calyx pubescent ; upper lip entire, obtuse. Corolla
pale blue ; tube exserted.
Hoary Audibertia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1837. Shrub U
foot.
6 A. polysta'chya (Benth. lab. p. 314.) suffruticose, clothed
with hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate, oblong -lanceolate, ob-
tuse, crenulated, narrowed at the base, wrinkled, hoary on both
surfaces : floral leaves and bracteas loose, lanceolate ; racemules
numerous, approximating into a dense, elongated panicle ; geni-
tals much exserted. ^ . F. Native of North California, Dou-
glas. Upper lip of calyx obtuse, almost entire. Tube of corolla
scarcely exserted.
Many-spiked Audibertia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.?
Cult. The species will grow in common garden soil, and will
be readily increased by cuttings and seeds. Being rather ten-
der, they will require some shelter in winter.
XXXI. ROSMARPNUS (from ros, dew, and marinus, of the
sea, on account of its affecting maritime situations.) Tourn.
inst. t. 92. Lin. gen. no. 38. Schreb. gen. no. 49. Juss. gen.
p. 111. Benth. lab. p. 314.
LiN. srsT. Didndria, RIonogynia. Calyx ovate-campanulate,
bilabiate; upper lip entire; lower lip bifid; throat naked in-
side. Corolla with an exserted tube, glabrous inside ; throat a
little inflated ; limb bilabiate ; lips nearly equal : upper lip erect,
emarginate : lower lip spreading trifid : lateral lobes oblong,
erect, twisted a little : middle lobe, large, concave, dependent.
Stamens 2, ascending, exserted from the superior lip, without any
rudiments of upper ones ; filaments inserted in the throat of
the corollas, shortly-toothed near the base ; anthers linear,
somewhat 2-celled, with connate margins, and divaricate-conflu-
ent cells. Upper lobe of style very short ; stigmas minute, ter-
minal. Achenia dry, smooth. A South European shrub, with
the calyx of Salvia and Audibertia, and corolla and stamina of
Mondrda, unless the tooth at the base of each filament, which is
probably an appendage analogous to those of O'cymum and Phlo-
mis.
1 R. officina'lis (Lin. spec. p. 33.) ^ . H. Native of Eu-
rope and Africa, in the region of the Mediterranean; as of Por-
tugal, Spain, South of France, Italy, Naples, Sicily, Greece,
Syria, Balearic Islands, &c., on dry hills and among rocks. Sibth.
and Smith, fl. grsec. 1. p. 11. t. 14. Woodv. med. bot. t. 87.
R. latifolia. Mill. diet. no. 2. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 39. — Blackw.
icon. 159. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. C7. A densely-branched and
densely-leafy shrub. Leaves sessile, linear, entire, with revolute
margins, canescent beneath. Flowers disposed in short axillary
racemes, few, approximate, almost sessile. Calyx purplish. Co-
rollas white, or pale bkieish-purple. Rosemary has a fragrant
smell and a bitter, pungent taste. The leaves and tops are
strongest in their sensible qualities ; the flowers ought not to be
separated from their calyxes, the active matter residing princi-
pally, if not wholly, in the latter. Rosemary yields its qualities
completely to rectified spirit, but only partially to water. The
leaves and tops distilled with water yield a thin, light, pale, essen-
tial oil, of great fragrancy, though not quite so agreeable as the
rosemary itself. From one hundred jjounds of the herb in flower
eight ounces of oil have been obtained. The virtues of rose-
mary depend entirely on its essential oil, which seems to be
combined with camphor, not only from its pecidiar taste, but
758
LABIATiE. XXXI. Rosmarinus. XXXII. Monarda.
from its possessing cliemical properties which depend upon the
presence of camphor, and from its depositing crystals of cam-
phor when long kept. Rosemary is reckoned one of the
most powerful of those plants which stimulate and strengthen the
nervous system ; it has, therefore, been recommended in various
affections supposed to proceed from debilities or defective ex-
citement of the brain and nerves ; as in certain headachs, deaf-
nesses, giddinesses, palsies, &c., and in some hysterical and
dyspeptic symptoms.
The ancients were well acquainted with this shrub ; and it is
mentioned by Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny. It has ever been
treated with great respect for comforting the brain and strength-
ening the memory ; hence the frequent allusions to this property
in our old poets. Its supposed quality of strengthening the
memory made rosemary an emblem of fidelity in lovers : it was
accordingly worn at weddings, and perhaps, on the same princi-
ple, at funerals. Rosemary is a princip.il ingredient in what is
known by the name of Hungary water; and the herb is taken as
tea by many persons for headachs, and disorders called nervous.
There are several varieties of the rosevnary, as, 1. R. augusti-
folia. Mill. diet. no. 1. The narrow-leaved or garden rosemary.
2. The silver-striped-leaved rosemary. 3. The golden-striped-
leaved rosemary.
O^'ciHa/, or Common Rosemary. Fl. Jan. April. Clt. 1548.
Shrub 4 to 12 feet.
Cult. Rosemary thrives best on dry rocky soils by the sea-
side, in the countries where it grows wild. It is hardy enough
to bear our winters in the open air, provided it be planted upon
a poor, dry, gravelly soil, or against a wall. Rosemary, if by
accident rooted in a wall, will endure the greatest cold of our
winters. The striped-leaved varieties are more tender, and
therefore require the protection of a frame or green-house in
winter. Rosemary may be increased by planting the young cut-
tings in the spring just before the plants begin to shoot, in light
earth under a hand-glass. When the cuttings are rooted trans-
plant them where they are intended to remain in September.
XXXII. MONA'RDA (so called from Nic. Monarda or Mo-
nardes, a physician of Seville in the sixteenth century.) Benth.
lab. p. 315. Monarda species of Lin. and other authors. Mo-
narda and Cheilyctis, Rafin. Monarda and Coryanthus, Nutt.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, elongated,
15-nerved, nearly equal, 5-toothed ; throat villous inside, rarely
almost naked. Corolla with an exserted or inclosed tube, gla-
brous or pubescent inside, exannulate ; throat dilated a little ;
limb bilabiate ; lips linear or oblong, nearly equal : upper lip
erect, entire, or emarginate : lower lip spreading, shortly trifid
at apex: the lateral lobes ovate, obtuse: the middle one nar-
rower, oblong, retuse, or emarginate. Stamens 2 (inferior) as-
cending, usually exserted from the upper lip of the corolla ; the
rudiments of the two superior ones almost wanting ; filaments
toothless, inserted at the throat of the corolla ; anthers linear,
somewhat 2-celled : cells divaricate, confluent, with connate
margins. Style almost equally bifid at top ; stigmas minute, ter-
minal. Achenia dry, smooth. — Herbs, with entire, usually
toothed or crenated leaves. Flowers collected into a few dense
whorls, propped by bracteas.
Sect. I. Eumona'rda (from eii, well, and Monarda. This
section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus.)
Benth. lab. p. 7^S. Genitals much exserted.
1 M. dIdyma (Lin. spec. p. 32.) leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated, roundly-subcordate at the base, rather hispid on
both surfaces, rarely glabrous : floral leaves sessile, and are, as
well as the outer bracteas, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed a long
way at the base, coloured ; calyx incurved, striated, coloured,
with an almost naked throat; corollas quite glabrous. %. H.
Native of North America, from Canada to North Carolina. Curt,
hot. mag. t. 548. Mill. fig. t. 183. f. 1. Trew. ehret. t. 66.
M. fistulosa, var. Curt. hot. mag. t. 145.? S. coccinea, INIichx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 16. M. purpiirea. Lam. diet. 4. p. 256. M.
Kalmiana, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 17. t. 1. bad. M. pur-
purascens, Wender. ind. sem. hort. marb. 1828. M. Oswegoen-
sis, Bart, prod. fl. pennsyl. 1. p. 34.? Stems fistular, acutely-
tetragonal. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Whorls solitary or twin.
Bracteas, calyxes, and corollas scarlet. The leaves emit a very
grateful, refreshing odour.
Didymous Monarda, or Oswega tea. Fl. June, August. Clt.
1752. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 M. FISTULOSA (Lin. spec. p. 32.) leaves petiolate, ovate-
lanceolate, roundly-subcordate at the base, glabrous, pubescent
or hispid on both surfaces : floral leaves sessile, and are, as well
as the outer bracteas, a little coloured ; calyxes a little incurved,
scarcely coloured : throat hispid inside ; corolla villous. If.H.
Native of North America, among bushes, &c., very common.
West Coast, Canada, the States ; Texas, and near Jalapa in
Mexico. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. p. 28. t. 172. Mill. fig. t. 183.
f. 2. M. altissima, Willd. enum. p. 33. Rchb. icon. exot. 2.
p. 27. t. 170. M. longifolia, Lam. diet. 4. p. 255. M. glabra,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 256. M. rugosa. Ait. hort. kevv. ed. 2d. 1. p.
51. M. oblongata. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. 1. p. 51. M. pur-
purea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 17, but not of Lam. M.
clinopodia, Lin. spec. p. 32. M. allophylla, Michx. fl. bor.
ainer. 1. p. 16. M. affinis, Link, enum. 1. p. 9. Rchb. icon,
exot. 2. p. 31. t. 182. M. undulata, Tausch, Rchb. icon. exot.
2. p. 31. t. 181. M. media, Willd. enum. p. 32. Sweet, fl.
gard. 1. p. 98. M. violacea, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 66. M.
involucrata, Wender. in ind. sem. hort. marb. 1828. M. com-
mutata, Wender, 1. c. M. lilacina, Wender, 1. c. M. hybrida,
Wender, 1. c. M. barbata, Wender, 1. c. M. varians, Bart,
prod. fl. penns. 1. p. 34. ? M. coerulea, M. cristiita, M. dCibia,
&c., Hortul. This species is very variable in downiness, size
and colour of flowers and bracteas, and diffijrs from i)/. d'ldyma
in being taller ; in the calyxes and bracteas being less coloured,
in the corollas being smaller, more or less pubescent, and parti-
cularly in the throat of the calyx being hispid from pili inside,
and usually closed. Stems fistular or filled. Leaves green or ca-
nescent. Corollas pale red or purplish, rarely deep violet or
purple, never scarlet.
Var. fl. mollis (Lin. spec. 32.) leaves clothed with soft pu-
bescence ; upper lip of corolla densely bearded. % . H. Na-
tive of the northern regions of North America ; as the spe-
cies is of the southern regions. M. mollis, Lin. amccn. acad. 3.
p. 399. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. p. 28. t. 171. M. menthcetolia,
Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 21. (1829) p. 347. Hook,
bot. mag. t. 2;)58.
Fiiiu/ar-stemmed Monarda. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1656.
PI. 2 to 5 feet.
3 M. BRADBURiA"NA(Beck, in Sill. amer. journ. scienc. 10. p.
260.) leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base,
clothed with canescent tomentiun beneath, pilose on both sur-
faces : floral leaves and outer bracteas roundedly-sub-cordate
at the base, coloured ; calyx smoothish, striated, contracted
above, with a hairy throat, and subulate-awned teeth ; corolla
hardly twice as long as the calyx, almost glabrous outside : upper
lip very slender, and bearded at top. %. H. Native of North
America in uncultivated places, near St. Louis, Beck ; along the
Missouri and Ohio, Torrey. M. fistulosa. Hook. bot. mag. t.
3310, exclusive of the syn. Stems glabrous or ciliated on the
angles. Whorls solitary, size of those of M. fistulosa. Corolla
pale, scarcely twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip marked with
purple dots.
LABIATE. XXXII. MoNARDA. XXXIII. Blephilia.
759
Bradbury's Monarda. PI. 3 feet.
4 M. Kussellia'na (Nutt. trav. in ark. territ. p. 141.)
almost glabrous ; leaves nearly
sessile, lanceolate, roimdly-sub- FIG. 77.
cordate at the base : floral leaves
and outer bracteas sessile, co-
loured, narrowed a long way at
the base, acute, mutic ; calyx
nearly glabrous, with an almost
naked throat, and nearly equal,
lanceolate, short stiff teeth ;
corolla glabrous : tube much
exserted : lower lip dotted. %.
H. Native of the Arkansas,
and among the Rocky Moun-
tains, Sims, hot. mag. t. 2513.
Hook.exot.fl. 2. t. 130. Sweet,
fl. gard. 2. t. 166. Stem gla-
brous or ciliated on the angles.
Leaves shining beneath, smooth-
ish or ciliated on the edges, re-
motely toothed ; floral leaves and outer bracteas purplish. Co-
rolla slender, pale, elongated, dotted on the lower lip. (fig. 77.)
Russell's Monarda. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
rather villous ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate ; whorls of flowers
large, terminal, by threes ; calyx hairy, with a densely bearded
throat, and short, acute, erectish tcetii ; corolla hairy : stamens
equal in length to the upper lip. If.. H. Native in woods on
the banks of the Mississippi, near St. Louis. Stem branched.
Leaves 2 to 2}, inches long. Corolla pale purple.
Scabrous Monarda. PI. 3 feet.
8 M. gra'cilis (Pursli, fl. amer. sept. 1. ]>. 17.) quite gla-
brous ; heads small, nearly naked, lateral and terminal ; outer
bracteas linear, ciliated ; calyxes pubescent, ciliated ; corolla
short, very slender, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, serrated, glabrous ; stem obtuse-angular, glabrous. 1/ .
H. Native of South Carolina and Virginia, among the moun-
tains. Perhaps a species of Blephilia ; but there are no speci-
mens in Pursh's herbarium to ascertain this point. Corollas
purple.
Slender Monarda. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
N.B. M. pratensis, M. rigida, and M. virgata, Rafin, med.
fl. 2. p. 37. not being recognizable by the descriptions given,
are therefore excluded.
Cult. The species are of easy culture and propagation, grow-
ing freely in any soil ; and are readily increased by dividing at
the root. The i!/. punctata and M. arislata are more shy of
cultivation than the others ; and for this reason it is safer to
grow them in pots, in a mixture of peat and sand.
Sect. II. Cheily'ctis (from x^^^°^' cheilos, a lip.) Benth. lab.
p. 726. Cheilyctis, Rafn. Coryanthus. Nutt. in amer. phil.
trans. 5. p. 186. Stainens shorter, or equal in length to the
upper lip of the corolla.
5 M. puncta'ta (Lin. spec. p. 32.) clothed with fine pubes-
cence ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, narrowed at the base : floral
leaves and outer bracteas sessile, coloured a little at the base,
mutic ; calyxes pubescent, having the throat shortly bearded,
and the teeth nearly equal, lanceolate, short, and stiff; corolla
glabrous : tube hardly exserted : lower lip dotted. IJ. . H.
Native from Virginia and New Jersey to Florida, Carolina, and
New Orleans. Andr. bot. rep. 8. t. 546. Ker. hot. reg. t. 85.
M. Ititea, Michx. fl. bot. amer. 1. p. 16. Stem ascending,
branched. Leaves 2 inches long, sparingly toothed or entire.
Whorls few, remote, all shorter than the leaves. Genitals equal
in length to the upper lip of corolla. Corolla yellowish, dotted
with brown.
Z)o»«/-flowered Monarda. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1714. PI.
1 to li foot.
6 M. arista'ta (Nutt. trav. in ark. territ. ex Benth. lab. p.
318.) canescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the
base ; floral leaves and outer bracteas sessile, a little coloured,
subulately awned at apex ; calyx striated, pubescent, with a
bearded throat, and nearly equal, long, subulate teeth, which
are pencilled at apex ; tube of corolla hardly exceeding the ca-
Ij'cine teeth. 1/ . H. Native of Arkansas ; Texas, at Bejar ;
and Rio de la Trinidad, &c. M. citriodora, Cerv. ex Lag. nov.
gen. et spec. 2. Habit and stature of M. punctata. Leaves
sharply and remotely toothed. Bracteas ciliated, often pur-
plish or yellowish. Corolla yellowish ? : lower lip almost dot-
less. Stamens shorter than the upper lip of corolla.
.<^?i'n«Z-bractead Monarda. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI.
I to li foot.
■j- Species not sufficiently knomn.
7 M. sca'bra (Beck, in Sill. amer. journ. 10. p. 260.) stem
nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, subcordate, serrated,
with revolute edges, scabrous, thick, dotted, on short petioles,
1
XXXIII. BLEPHI'LIA (probably from pXeipapic, blepharis,
the eye-lash, in allusion to the ciliated bracteas.) Rafin. ex
Benth. lab. p. 319. Monarda species of Lin. and other au-
thors.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monngi'/nia. Calyx ovate-tubular, 13-
nerved, naked inside the throat, bilabiate ; upper lip tridentate,
with the teeth awned ; lower lip bidentate, with the teeth mutic,
or shortly awned. Corolla having the tube a little exserted, and
exannulate inside ; the throat dilated, and the limb bilabiate :
lips nearly equal : the upper one erect and entire : the lower
one spreading and trifid : the lateral lobes ovate-roundish, and
the middle one narrower, oblong, retuse and cmarginate. Rudi-
ments of upper stamens wanting, or small and filiform : lower
two fertile, ascending, exserted from the upper lip of the co-
rolla ; filaments toothless, inserted in the throat of the corolla ;
anthers linear, somewhat 2-celled, with connate margins, and
divaricate confluent cells. Style equally bifid at top ; stigmas
minute, terminal. Achenia dry, smooth. — ^Hcrbs, with a habit
and character between Monarda and Ziziphora ; the leaves of
the first, and the flowers of the latter genus. Whorls numerous,
globose : upper ones approximating into a spike.
1 B. cilia'ta (Rafin, journ. phys. 89. 98.) leaves almost ses-
sile, ovate-oblong, narrowed at the base, canescent beneath ;
lower floral leaves conforming to the cauline ones : upper ones
and outer bracteas ovate, acute, coloured, equalling the calyxes.
1/. H. Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, Carolina, Missouri,
and near St. Louis. Monarda ciliata, Lin. spec. 32, but not of
Michx.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 374. sect. 11. t. 8. f 6.— Pluck,
phyt. t. 24. f. 1. aim. t. 164. f. 3. Stems pubescent, furnished
with retrograde hairs on the angles. Leaves 2 inches long,
nearly glabrous or pubescent. Whorls all distinct. Bracteas
ciliated, reddish at top. Corollas blue, marked with dark purple
spots. ? Root creeping.
Ciliated Blephilia. Fl. July. Clt. 1798. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 B. iiirsu'ta (Benth. lab. p. 320.) leaves petiolate, ovate,
roundly cordate at the base, hairy on both surfaces ; lower
floral leaves conforming to the cauline ones : upper floral leaves
and bracteas linear-subulate, shorter than the calyxes ; calyxes
pubescent, recurved. IL.H. Native of Virginia, on the moun-
760
LABIATiE. XXXIV. Ziziphora.
tains ; at Lake Michigan ; and on the banks of the Missouri.
Monarda hiisuta, Piirsh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 19. Monarda
ciliata, Michx, H. amer. hot. 1. p. IC. but not of Lin. Habit
more branched and loose than in B. ciliala, Wliorls more nu-
merous : upper ones approximate. Calyx smaller, and more
hairy. Corolla more exserted, and nearly glabrous, purple or
blue.
Hairy Blephilia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1798. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Monarda, p. 758.
XXXIV. ZIZrPHORA (said to be from zizi of the In-
dians ; and (popiw, jihorco, to bear.) Lin. gen. no. 36. Schreb.
gen. no. 47. Juss. gen. 111. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 316. t. 66.
Benth. lab. p. 320.
Lin, sysT. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, elon-
gated, 13-nerved, villous inside the throat, bilabiate; upper
lip tridentate, with mutic teeth. Corolla having the tube hardly
exserted, and exannulate inside ; the throat dilated, and the
lips nearly equal : upper lip erect, entire : lower one spreading,
trifid, with rounded lobes, the middle lobe longer and emargi-
nate. Rudiments of the superior stamens almost wanting : the
2 lower ones fertile, ascending under the upper lip, and equal in
length to it, or longer ; filaments inserted at the throat of the
corolla, toothless; anthers linear, somewhat 2-celled, with diva-
ricate, confluent cells, and subconnate margins. Upper lobe
of style very short ; stigmas minute, terminal. Achenia dry,
smooth. — Herbs or subshrubs, with a habit between Monarda
and Thymus. Leaves quite entire, or furnished with a few
minute teeth, lined with diverging veins beneath ; Horal leaves
almost similar to the others, but sometimes broader, and some-
times narrower. Whorls few-flowered, usually approximate at
the tops of the branches. Pedicels short, flattened, erect.
Bracteas almost wanting. Flowers intermed'ate between those
of Blephilia and Thymus.
§ 1. Permanent svffruticose 'plants.
1 Z. CLiNoroBiofDES (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 17.) suffruticose ;
leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate ; floral leaves similar to the
others, or narrower, loose ; whorls approximating into a round-
ish terminal head ; calyx clothed with hoary pubescence, or cili-
ated with a few hairs. Ij . F. Native of Armenia, Iberia,
Caucasus, Siberia, Altaian mountains, in grassy places. Habit
of a large variety of Thymus serpi'/llmn. Branches diffuse, pur-
pli«h, canescent from short tomentum, like the leaves and
calvxes. Corolla bluish purple. Stamens a little exserted.
J'ar. a, canesccns (Benth. lab. p. 321.) leaves for the most
part narrow ; calyxes less pilose. h . F. Cunila capitata,
Lin. spec. p. 30. Thymus punctatus, Willd. phyt. 1. p. 8. ex
Roem. et Schultes. Thymus lucidus, Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 150.
ex Roem. et Schultes. Z. clinopodioides, a. Cunila, and /3. aci-
noides, Rudolph, in mem. acad. sc. petrop. 2. p. 313. Z.
teniiior, Falck. topogr. 1. p. 98. ex Rudolph. 1. c. Z. Mussini,
Adam, ex Rudolph. 1. c. Z. serpyllacea, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p.
17. Rudolph, in mem. acad. sc. petrop. 2. p. 315. t. 12.
J ar. ji, media (Benth. lab. p. 321.) leaves for the most part
ovate ; calyxes rather pilose. Jj . F. Native of the Caucasus,
and the Altaian mountains. Z. clinopodioides, Riuiolph. in mem.
acad. petrop. 2. p. 311. t. 11. exclusive of var. a. and /3. Z.
serpyllacea, Sims, bot. mag. t. 906. bad. Z. media. Link,
enum. 1. p. 17. Corollas reddish purple.
Clinopodium-like Ziziphora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt, 1803.
Shrub trailing, ^ to 1 foot long.
2 Z. dasya'ntha (Bieb. fl, cauc, 1. p. 18.) suffruticose;
leaves ovate or oblong ; floral leaves conforming to the others,
loose ; whorls approximating into an oblong head, or the lower
ones are distinct ; calyx hispid, very pilose. Ij . F. Native of
Caucasus and Iberia, in alpine places. Z. Puschkini, Adams, in
Web. et Mohr. cat. 1. p. 42. ex Roem. et Schultes. Sims, bot,
mag. t. 1093. bad. This differs from Z. clinopodioides, in the
broader leaves, longer heads of flowers, and the very hispid
calyxes ; the calycine teeth are also a little longer, the corollas
usually shorter, and the stamens rarely exserted. Corollas pur-
plish blue.
Thick-Jlowered Ziziphora. Fl. June, Aug, Clt. 1803. Shrub
procumbent.
3 Z. cane'scens (Benth. lab. p. 321.) suffruticose?; leaves
ovate, clothed with hoary pubescence on both surfaces ; floral
leaves similar to the others; whorls approximate into a terminal
head ; calyx clothed with soft pubescence. ^ .1 F. Native of
Syria and Egypt, Labillardiere. Hahit of Z. Hispdnica. Flowers
capitate, as in Z. clinopodioides, but the leaves are broader, and
the calyxes smaller ; but is distinguished from both in the hoary
pubescence.
Canescent Ziziphora. Shrub.
§ 2. Annual plants.
4 Z. Hispa'nica (Lin, spec. p. 31.) annual; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate or oblong ; floral leaves rhomboid, longer than the
calyxes; whorls distinct, axillary, approximate, 6-10-flowered ;
calyxes sessile. ©. H. Native of Spain. Lam. ill. t. 18. f.
1. — Herb branched at base; branches stiff, villous. Teeth of
calyx connivent. Corolla hardly exceeding the calyx, purplish
blue.
Spanish Ziziphora. Fl. June, Clt. 1759. PI. J to 1^
foot.
5 Z. AciNofDES (Lin. spec. p. 31.) annual; leaves on short
petioles, broad-ovate : floral ones similar to the others, longer
than the calyxes; whorls few, distinct, axillary, loose, 6-10-
flowered ; calyxes pedicellate. ©. H. N;itive of Spain. Al-
lied to Z. Hispanica ; but the stems are longer and looser, the
flowers larger, and the calvxes pilosely hispid.
Acinos-like Ziziphora. ' Fl. July, Aug, Clt, 1786. PI, i
foot.
6 Z. capita'ta (Lin. spec. p. 31.) leaves lanceolate, narrowed
at the base : floral ones very broad, rhomb-ovate, acuminated ;
whorls approximating into a terminal, nearly globose head ; ca-
lyxes pilosely hispid. ©. H. Native of the region of the
Mediterranean, as of the south of Russia, in fields and on hills ;
on Mount Atlas, in cultivated ground ; Spain ; south of Italy,
Armenia, Caucasus, Island of Cyprus, Tauria; Soongarian moun-
tains, in Siberia, &c. Rudolph, in mem. acad. sc. petrop. 2. p.
308. t. 10. Lam. ill. t. 18. f. 3. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1.
p. 10. t. 13— Buxb. cent. 3. p. 28. t. 51. f. 1.— Mor. hist,
sect. 11. t. 8. f. 5. Herb divaricately branched, pubescent.
Floral leaves ciliated. Corolla a little longer than the calyx,
red : tube slender, exserted. Stamens equalling the corolla.
Capitaie-fiowered Ziziphora, Fl, July, Aug. Clt. 1752.
PI. 1 to U foot,
7 Z. TENu'ioR (Lin, spec, p. 31.) leaves lanceolate, narrowed
at the base ; floral leaves almost conform to the rest ; whorls
all distinct, axillary ; calyx very pilose, hispid ; corolla exserted
a very little from the calyx. ©• H. Native of the region of
the Mediterranean ; of the south of Russia, on hills ; Spain,
Mount Atlas, Caucasus, Altaia, &c. Lam. ill. t. 18. f. 2. S.
spicata, Cerv. ann. sc. matr. 4. p. 259. Z. serpyllacea, Tenore,
syll. p. 16. ? but not of Bieb. Branches numerous, pubescent.
Leaves 1 inch long, quite entire or denticulated, ciliated on the
margins and middle nerve, especially the upper ones, rarely all
LABIATE. XXXIV. Ziztphora. XXXV. Horminum. XXXVI. BysTRoroooN.
761
naked ; floral leaves longei' tlian the flowers. Teeth of calyx
connivent. Corolla purplish. Stamens inclosed.
Slenderer Ziziphota. FI. June, July. Clt. 1752. PI. | to
1 foot.
8 Z. Tau'rica (Bieb. fl. taur, 3. p. 259.) leaves lanceolate,
narrowed at the base : floral ones similar to the others ; whorls
all distinct, axillary ; caly\ very pilose, hispid ; corolla twice as
long as the calyx. Q. H. Native of Tauria, in dry gravelly
places ; Arabia and Persia. Corollas reddish purple. Very
like Z. tenuior, but differs in the corollas being as large as those
of Thymus alpinus.
Taurian Ziziphora. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. ^
foot.
t j4 doubtful species.
9 Z. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 822.) flowers capitately spi-
cate, terminal ; bracteas subulate, ciliated ; calyxes villous ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, erosely and coarsely serrated, clothed
witli prostrate pubescence on both surfaces. ©. ? H. Native
of Java, in the province of Cheribon, on the top of the burning
Mount Tjerimai. Upper lip of corolla reflexed, entire : lower
one 3-lobed. Stamens 2, hardly exserted. Stigma unequally
bifid.
Java Ziziphora. PI. ?
N.B. Z. thymoides of Roem. et Schultes, is an imaginary
species.
Cull. The perennial species of Ziziphora are very pretty
rock plants. They should be grown either on rockwork, or in
small pots well drained with sherds, in any light sandy soil ;
they are readily increased by seeds and cuttings. The seeds of
annual species only require to be sown in the open ground, in
April, where they are intended to remain.
XXXV. HORMPNUM (from 6p/iaw, hormao, to excite ; in
allusion to the qualities of the plant.) Benth. lab. p. 727.
Horminum species, Lin. and other authors. — Melissa species,
Jacq.
LiN. sYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanu-
late, bilabiate ; upper lip tridentate ; lower lip bifid. Corolla
with an exserted tube, which is furnished with a pilose ring in-
side, an elongated widened throat, and a sub-bilabiate limb ;
the upper lip truncate, emarginate : the lower lip 3-lobed, with
broad, short, rounded segments. Stamens 4, all fertile, ascend-
ing, didynamous : lower ones the longest ; anthers cohering by
pairs, linear, with divaricate cells. Style shortly bifid at apex :
lobes subidate ; stigmas mi-
nute. Achenia smoothish. — A FIG. 78.
tufted perennial herb, with nu-
merous radical leaves, simple,
almost naked stems, and pur-
plish blue flowers.
1 H. 1'yrena"icum (Lin. spec.
p. 831.) 11- H. Native of
the temperate parts of Europe,
on the mountains ; as of the
Pyrenees, Alps of Vallais and
Salisburgh, &c. Sweet, fl.
gard. 3. t. 252. Melissa Py-
renaica, Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t.
183. Lam. ill. t. 515. Leaves
almost all radical, petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, deeply crenated,
truncate at the base, or sub-
cordate, veiny, green on both
surfaces, glabrous, or rather hispid on the nerves. Flori-
ferous stems erect, simple, furnished with 1 or 2 pairs of
VOL. IV.
small, sessile, crenated leaves. Whorls distant, 6-flowered,
secund. Floral leaves bractea-formed, shorter than the ca-
lyxes. Flowers on short pedicels, nutant. Calyx 13-nerved,
often coloured at top, glabrous or hispid on the nerves ; lips
spreading : teeth acute. Corolla bluish purple, 9-10 lines
long (fig. 78.)
Pyreneare Horminum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | to
1 foot.
Cult. This is a very elegant plant when in blossom. It will
grow in the open border, and is readily increased by dividing at
the root, or by seed. In severe winters it is sometimes liable to
be killed by damp ; therefore a reserve plant or two should be
grown in pots, so that they may be protected by placing them
under a frame in winter.
Tribe IV.
SATUREl'NEiE (so called from containing genera agreeing
with Satureia in the characters given below.) Benth. lab. p.
324. Calyx 5-toothed, equal or bilabiate, with the upper lip
tridentate, and the lower one bifid. Tube of corolla exannulate
inside, shorter, or scarcely longer than the imbricate calyx and
bracteas ; limb of corolla sub-bilabiate ; upper lip flat, entire, or
emarginately bifid : lower lip spreading, trifid, with flat, nearly
equal lobes ; or the middle lobe is rather the broadest. Stamens
distant, straight, diverging, or scarcely ascending, equal, or the
upper ones are shorter or abortive. The tetrandrous genera of
this tribe are intermediate between tribe Mcnt/uudcce and Melin-
sinecB ; but the corolla is more decidedly bilabiate than in the for-
mer tribe ; and the stamens are seldom ascending, as in the lat-
ter ; from most genera of which they are also distinguished by
the shortness of the tube of the corolla. The diandrous genus
Cunila connects tribe Mondrdece with Melissinece.
XXXVI. BYSTROPO'GON (from /3u<u, byo, to close ; and
vtayiDVy pogon, a beard ; the throat of the calyx is closed by
villi inside.) Benth. lab. p. 324. — Bystropogon species, Lher.
sert. angl. 19.
Lin. syst. Didynimia, Gymnospermia. Calyx 10-13-nerved,
campanuiate or tubular, equal, 5-toothed ; throat villous inside.
Corolla with an inclosed tube, and sub-bilabiate limb ; upper lip
erectish, bifid ; lower lip spreading, trifid : lobes all flat and
entire. Stamens 4, erect, distant, shorter than the corolla, didy-
namous : lower ones the longest ; filaments glabrous ; anthers
2-celled : cells parallel. Disk equal, glandless. Style shortly
bifid at apex : lobes nearly equal, linear, a little thickened, ob-
tuse, stigraatiferous at top. Achenia dry, smooth. — Shrubs.
Flowers small, cymose in the first section ; the cymes dichoto-
mous, subcorymbose, or panicled ; in the second section, dis-
posed in dense spicate whorls. Bracteas lanceolate or subulate.
This genus is scarcely distinct from Mentha.
Sect. I. Bystropogon (see genus for derivation.) Benth.
lab. p. 325. Calyx campanuiate, 10-nerved. Flowers loosely
cymose.
1 B. puncta'tus (L'Her. sert. angl. p. 20. t. 23.) leaves cre-
nated, green on both surfaces, glabrous, or hardly tomentose
beneath ; cymes axillary, pedunculate, corymbose ; calycine
teeth ovate. Jj . G. Native of Madeira. Branches glabrous
or pubescent. Leaves 1 to 1 ,V inch long. Corollas downy out-
side, pale purple. ?
Dotted Bystropogon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1775. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
2 B. Canarie'nsis (L'Her. sert. angl. p. 20.) branches very
villous ; leaves crenated, villous or glabrous, green on both sur-
faces ; cymes axillary, pedunculate, corymbose ; calycine teeth
5 E
762
LABIATiE. XXXVI. Bystkopogon. XXXVII. Pvchnanthemum.
subulate, shorter than the tube. h . G. Native of the Canary
Islands. Mentha Canariensis, Lin. spec. 807. Heliotropium
Canariense, &c., Comm. hort. amst. 2. p. 129. t. 65. Flori-
ferous branches very hispid. Corollas white. Very like the
preceding, but differs in the hairiness, and the more slender
calycine teeth.
Canary-Island Bystropogon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1714.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 B. ruJMOsus (L'Her. sert. angl. p. 20. t. 22.) leaves ser-
rately crenated, clothed with fine toraentum above, and white
tomentum beneath ; cymes axillary, dense; calycine teeth subu-
late, fj . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Habit of i?. Ca-
nariensis. Leaves of B. origanifoUus. Floral leaves shorter
than the cymes. Corollas pale purple. ?
Plumose Bystropogon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1779. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
4 B. eria'nthos (Benth. lab. p. 727.) leaves serrated, green
above, and glabrous, and hardly tomentose beneath ; cymes pe-
dunculate, corymbose ; calycine teeth ovate ; corolla more than
twice as long as the calyx, villous outside. f^ • G. Native of
the Island of Juan Fernandez, Graham. — A humble shrub, with
the habit of D. pimetalus ; but the leaves are acute and ser-
rated, and the flowers distinct. Tube of corolla inflated beyond
the calyx.
Woolly-flowered Bystropogon. Shrub dwarf.
5 B. ORIGANIFOLILS (L'Her. sert. angl. p. 20.) leaves almost
quite entire, clothed with white tomentum beneatli ; cymes pe-
dunculate, paniculately racemose ; calycine teeth subulate. h .
G. Native of the Canary Islands. Mentha plumosa, Lin.
mant. p. 273. Floriferous branches rather tomentose. Supe-
rior floral leaves much shorter than the flowers. Flowers of B.
Canariensis, but the calyxes and pedicels are less hispid.
Marjoram-leaved Bystropogon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. II. Minthostachys (from fjirda, minlha, mint ; and
araxvt, stachys, a spike ; the whorls of flowers are spicate, like
those of some species of mint.) Benth. lab. p. 325. Calyx
13-nerved, tubular. Whorls densely spicate. This section is
intermediate between BystrojJogon and Pychndnthemum.
6 B. sprcVTus (Benth. lab. p. 326.) leaves subserrated, green
on both surfaces, glabrous ; whorls dense, spicate ; calycine
teeth ovate. Ij . G. Native of Peru, at Parrochuca, Mathews.
Shrub quite glabrous. Leaves 1 to Is inch long ; floral leaves
much smaller, clothed with hoary toraentum on both surfaces.
Whorls 6-10-flovvered. Calyx very villous. Corolla hardly
longer than the calycine teeth. A fifth fertile stamen sometimes
occurs in this species.
Spicate-AoweTeA Bystropogon. Shrub.
7 B. TOMENTOsus (Benth. lab. p. 326.) leaves a little cre-
nated, green above, and rather hispid, at length glabrous, but
clothed with tomentose wool beneath; whorls dense, subspicate;
calycine teeth subulate. \} . G. Native of Peru, Ruiz, et Pav.
Young branches villous. Cauline leaves 1-2 inches long, round-
ed at the base, obtuse and acute, white or rufescent beneath ;
floral leaves gradually smaller : upper ones hardly exceeding the
calyxes, and clothed with soft villi on both surfaces. Corollas
like those of 5. spicala.
Tomentose Bystropogon. Shrub.
8 B. ca'nus (Benth. lab. p. 326.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, a
little toothed, canescent beneath ; lower whorls distinct : upper
ones subspicate ; calycine teeth subulate. ^ . G. Native of
Peru, Ruiz, et Pav. Branches villous, slender. Leaves an
inch long, acute, cuneately rounded at the base. Flowers
smaller than in the preceding.
Hoary Bystropogon. Shrub.
f A doubtful species,
9 B. DENTA^TUs (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 755.) leaves ovate, hairy,
serrated ; whorls of flowers hispid. ^ . ? G. Native of Peru.
Probably a species of Hyptis.
Toothed-leaved Bystropogon. Shrub. ?
Cult. The species of Bystropogon are shrubs of no beauty ;
their culture is that of other common greenhouse plants, and
they are readily increased by cuttings.
XXXVII. PYCHNA'NTHEMUM (from irvx"Of, pychnos,
dense ; and uvQefxiQ, antliemis, a flower ; the flowers are dis-
posed in dense whorls.) Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 7. Benth.
lab. p. 326. — Brachystemum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 5. —
Koellia, Moench. meth. 407. TuUia, Leavenworth, in Sill,
journ. sc. vol. 20. p. 343.
LiK. sYST. Didynamia, Gyrtinospermia. Calyx ovate or tubu-
lar, somewhat 13-nerved; teeth nearly equal, straight, or the 3
upper ones are joined at the base into an upper lip ; throat
naked inside. Corolla with the tube equalling the calyx, and
the limb sub-bilabiate ; the upper lip straight, flat, entire, or
shortly emarginate ; the lower lip flat, trifid : lobes all ovate,
obtuse. Stamens 4, nearly equal, or the lower ones are rather
the longest, straight, diverging, exserted, or inclosed ; anthers
2-celled : cells parallel. Style almost equally bifid at top :
lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at top. Achenia dry, smooth, or
minutely dotted. — Perennial, stiff, usually canescent herbs, pani-
cidately corymbose at top. Whorls few, dense, many-flowered,
pronped by bracteas, usually forming a terminal head, sometimes
one or more disposed along the stem beneath. Corollas white
or purplish ; the lower lip usually dotted with purple.
Sect. I. Tu'llia (meaning unknown to us.) Benth. lab. p.
327. Calyx ovate-tubular, somewhat bilabiate, with usually
subulately awned teeth. Whorls few, ample, often loose; cymes
much branched, many-flowered. Outer bracteas foliaceous :
inner ones subulate. Leaves petiolate.
1 P. iNCA~NUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 7.) leaves on
short petioles, ovate-oblong, acute, remotely serrated, rounded
at the base, pubescent, clothed with white toraentum beneath ;
whorls many-flowered, dense, cymose ; bracteas linear, or the
outer ones are lanceolate ; calycine teeth acute, a little awned,
nearly equal. %. H. Native of North America, in corn-
fields and among bushes from Canada to Carolina. Origanum
incanura, Walt. fl. car. p. 165.? Clinopodium incanum, Lin.
spec. p. 822. — Dill. elth. 1. p. 87. t. 74. Plant pubescent.
Leaves 1^ inch long. Corollas whitish, tinged with red. Sta-
mens exserted.
i/oarj/ Pychnanthcmura. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1732. PI. U
to 3 feet.
2 P. Tu'llia (Benth. lab. p. 328.) leaves petiolate, oblong,
acute, a little serrated, narrowed at the base, pubescent on both
surfaces, pale beneath ; whorls many-flowered, cymose ; brac-
teas linear : outer ones oblong, awned ; calyx bilabiate : teeth
acute, a little awned ; corolla glabrous inside. i;.H. Native
of Tenessee. Tiillia pychnanthemoides, Leavenworth, in Sill,
araer. journ. sc. vol. 20. p. 343. t. 5. Plant pubescent. Leaves
2 inches long. Tube of corolla a little longer than the calyx.
Stamens exserted.
TuUia Pychnauthemum. PI. 1| foot.
3 P. LoMi^sii (Nutt. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 100.) leaves
petiolate, ovate, somewhat serrated, acute, short, glabrous above;
flowers cymose, propped by many bracteas ; bracteas lanceolate,
LABIATiE. XXXVII. Pychnanthemum. XXXVIII. Monardella.
763
acuminated, hoary ; calycine teeth short, acuminated, pilose at
top; flowers spotted. ^.11. Native of Georgia. Allied to
P. Janata ; but readily distinguished from it, in the shorter,
more glabrous leaves, more humble stature, and spotted flowers.
Cymes large, usually terminal. Bracteas canescent. Corolla
white or pale red, spotted with red. — A beautiful species, having
the fragrance oi Pennij-Rotjal.
Loims's Pychnanthemum. PI. J to 1 foot.
4 P. arista'tum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 8. t. 33.) leaves
on short petioles, oblong, acute, a little serrated, rounded at the
base, glabrous on both surfaces, or scarcely tomentose ; whorls
many-flowered, dense ; bracteas very acute : outer ones oblong :
inner ones subulate ; calycine teeth equal, acute, a little awned ;
corolla pubescent inside. %. H. Native from Maryland to
Upper Carolina. P. verticillatum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p.
410. exclusive of the syn. of Michx. Origanum clinopodioides,
Walt. fl. car. ex Pursh. 1. c. Herb a little branched, quite gla-
brous, pale green. Leaves \\ to 2 inches long. Corolla hardly
longer than the calyx, whitish. Stamens a little exserted.
An<ned-ca\y>i.cA Pychnanthemum. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1752. PL
1 foot.
5 P. Torre'i (Benth. lab. p. 329.) leaves on short petioles,
oblong-lanceolate or linear, acute, scarcely serrated, narrowed a
long way at the base, almost glabrous ; whorls dense, subcorym-
bose ; bracteas oblong or subulate, awned ; calycine teeth nearly
equal, subulate ; corolla pubescent inside. l/.H. Native of
the State of New York, near Princeton, Torrey ; and of South
Carolina, Mitchell. Stem a little branched, pubescent. Leaves
1 to Z\ inches long, green, finely downy on the veins. Calyxes
and bracteas clothed with soft villi. Stamens exserted.
Torretj's Pychnanthemum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 P. HvssopiFoLiL'M (Benth. lab. p. 329.) leaves almost ses-
sile, oblong-lanceolate or linear, obtuse, nearly quite entire,
glabrous, or clothed with fine tomentum ; whorls few, many-
flowered, rather loose ; bracteas subulate, awned : outer ones
oblong ; teeth of calyx nearly equal, subulate, stiff; corolla
almost glabrous inside. % . H. Native of Virginia, Carolina,
Georgia, and Louisiana. P. setosum, Nutt. in journ. acad. sc.
phil. 7. p. 100. ? Herb a little branched, usually canescent
from fine tomentum. Leaves an inch long, very rarely subser-
rated, with often fascicles of smaller ones in the axils. Bracteas
exceeding the calyxes. Flowers similar to those of P. aris-
tatum.
Hyssop-leaved Pychnanthemum. PI. I to 1 J foot.
Sect. II. Brachyste'mon (from ppaxvc, hrachys, short ; and
(TTtjfioiy, stemoti, a stamen.) Benth. lab. p. 329. Calyx ovate,
with short equal teeth. Whorls dense, numerous, head-formed,
almost all terminal and panicled. Bracteas oblong, lanceolate,
or subulate, adpressed. Leaves usually sessile.
7 P. mu'ticum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 128.) pubescent ; stem pani-
cled at top ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, a little ser-
rated, rounded at the base, stiff': upper ones white on both sur-
faces ; whorls very dense, capitate ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate ;
calyxes bluntly and almost equally toothed ; throat of corolla
villous inside. Tf.. H. Native of Upper Carolina; at St.
Louis and West Chester, Drummond ; Arkansas, Nuttall.
Stems branched, green, villous, pubescent, or almost glabrous,
as well as the lower leaves ; but the uj)per leaves and whorls
are white from tomentum. Leaves sometimes all entire, but the
lower ones are usually serrated. Corolla white ; lower lip dotted
with purple.
Mitlic Pychnanthemum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 P. riLosuM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 33.) stem pilose,
branched a little at top ; leaves lanceolate, pilose beneath, with
prominent veins, obscurely denticulated ; bracteas length of
calyxes, clothed with hoary pubescence ; heads larger than in
P. lanceolatum. %. H. Native of Kentucky and Tenessee,
in valleys. Beck, in Sill. amer. journ. sc. M. p. 117. Stems
and leaves more or less pilose. Heads terminal, large. Bracteas
and calyxes villous, mutic. Stamens exserted. Corolla pu-
bescent, spotless. Said by Bentham to be the same as P.
mulicum.
Pilose Pychnanthemum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 P. lanceola'tum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 410.) stem
panicled at top, with pubescent angles ; leaves sessile, ovate-
lanceolate or lanceolate, quite entire, rounded at the base, stiff",
almost glabrous ; whorls dense, numerous, villous ; bracteas
ovate-lanceolate ; calyxes bluntly and unequally toothed ; throat
of corolla villous inside. 1/ . H. Native of Pennsylvania, even
to Upper Carolina, among the mountains. Allied to P. muli-
cum ; but differs in the stem being more glabrous, and in the
leaves being quite entire and all green. Stem often purplish.
Leaves sometimes glabrous and sometimes villous. Corolla usu-
ally spotted, but sometimes also spotless.
Var. a, lalifolium (Benth. lab. p. 330.) leaves broader. %.
H. Brachystemum verticillatum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 6.
t. 31. Thymus verticillatus, Poir. diet. 7. p. 653. P. verticil-
latum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 128.
Var. ft, angustifcUum (Benth. lab. p. 330.) leaves narrower.
If. H. Nepeta Virginica, Willd. spec. 3. p. 56. Brachyste-
mum Virginicum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 6. P. Virginicum,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 128, Brachystemum lanceolatum, Willd. enum.
2. p. 623. Thymus lanceolatus, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 305.
Lanceolate-\evL\ed Pychnanthemum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1812. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 P. LiNiFOLiuM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 409.) gla-
brous ; stem panicled at top ; leaves sessile, linear, quite entire,
stiff"; whorls dense, numerous, terminal, almost glabrous ; brac-
teas linear, acute, stiff"; calycine teeth lanceolate-subulate, short,
acute, stiff; corolla villous inside at the throat. %. H. Na-
tive from New England to Carolina ; Georgia, and New Or-
leans. P. tenuifolium, Schrad. in Steud. nom. 669. ? Thymus
Virginicus, Lin. syst. p. 453. Brachystemum linilolium, Willd.
enum. p. 623. Koellia capitata, Moench. meth. p. 408. Ori-
ganum flexuosum, \\ alt. fl. car. p. 165. ex Pursh. — Herm. par.
218. ? Habit of P. mulicum. Margins of leaves subrevolute.
Stamens a little exserted. Corolla whitish.
Flax-leaved Pychnanthemum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
1 1 P. nu'dum (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 34.) plant glabrous,
pale green ; stems nearly simple, strict ; leaves sessile, ovate-
oblong, obtuse, quite entire, rounded at the base ; whorls
loose, terminal, corymbosely panicled, glabrous ; outer bracteas
lanceolate-linear : inner ones very short and subulate ; corollas
pubescent inside. 1(.. H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, on
the mountains. Stems more simple and strict than in other
species. Leaves erect, with subrevolute edges, scarcely an inch
long. Corymbs dense. Corolla pubescent, pale. ? Stamens ex-
serted from the tube, shorter than the limb.
Naked Pychnanthemum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
Cult, Plants of easy culture, very fragrant, but of little
beauty. The species are readily increased by dividing at the
root or by seed ; and they thrive best in a peat border.
XXXVIII. MONARDELLA (a dim. of Monarda.) Benth.
lab. p. 331. Pychnanthemum species, Michx. and other authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gijmnospermia. Calyx ovate-tubular,
often elongated, 10-13-nerved, 5-toothed : teeth short, nearly
5 E 2
764.
LABIATiE. XXXVIII. Monardella. XXXIX. Amakacus. XL. Origanum.
equal, erect ; tliroat naked inside. Corolla with the tube equal-
ling the calyx, or a very little exserted ; throat glabrous inside ;
limb sub-bilabiate : upper lip bifid : lower lip trifid : lobes all
oblong or linear, flat, nearly equal. Stamens 4, nearly equal,
or the lower ones are the longest, straight, diverging, exserted ;
anthers 2-celled : cells parallel, at length diverging or divari-
cate. Style shortly bifid at apex ; stigmas minute. Achenia
dry. — Perennial herbs. Whorls large, almost globose, propped
by broad bracteas, solitary, terminal. Habit diflferent from
Pychndnthemum, although nearly allied in characters.
1 M. monta'na (Benth. lab. p. 331.) stem erect; leaves
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, rounded at the base ;
whorls densely globose, large ; outer bracteas broad-ovate,
acute; calyxes tubular, almost equally toothed. I/.H. Na-
tive of North America, on the high mountains of Carolina.
Pychndnthemum montanum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 8.
Leaves sessile, and whorls large. Corollas purple, spotted.
Mountain Monardella. PI. 1 to 1 g foot.
2 M. Carolinia'na (Benth. lab. p. 332.) very hairy ; leaves
abruptly-petiolate, somewiiat cnrdately-oval, serrated ; heads
involucrated by coloured bracteas ; bracteoles ciliated ; calyxes
bearded at top. %.Yi. Native of Carolina, on the high moun-
tains. Pychnanthemum Monardella, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p.
S. t. 34. Ha\i'\t oi Monarda fistulosa, e-s.M\c\i-x.. Leaves more
than an inch long, acuminated. Bracteas twice as long as the
calyxes. Corollas small, pale red. Pychnanthemum Monar-
della, Pursh, is nothing but Monurda fisiulosa.
Carolinian Monardella. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 .M. ODORATissiMA (Benth. lab. p. 332.) steins procumbent ;
leaves almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed .^t both ends,
quite entire, hoary ; whorls densely-globose, large, solitary ;
outer bracteas broad-ovate, very blunt, coloured ; calyx tubular,
elongated, almost equally toothed. 1^. H. Native of North
West America, in rocky places, at the Columbia river, and on
rocks among the White RIountains, Douglas. Plant suft'ruticose,
branched, purplish at the base. Leaves hardly half an inch long,
clothed with hoary tomeutum on both surfaces. Corolla rose-
coloured, glabrous : tube a little exserted.
Fery sweet-scented Monardella. PI. procumbent.
4 M. UNDULA^TA (Benth. lab. p. 332.) stem procumbent at the
base ; branches ascending ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, with
undulately-eurled edges, narrowed a short way into the petioles,
green on both surfaces, glabrous ; whorls densely-globose, large,
solitary ; outer bracteas broad-ovate, acute, membranous, mutic ;
calyx tubular, elongated, almost equally toothed, mutic. %. H.
Native of North California, Douglas. Stems perennial or sutfru-
ticose at the base. Branches purplish, glabrous, or downy.
Leaves thickish, 1-nerved, usually fascicled in the axles, J to 1
inch long. Heads and flowers as in the preceding. Calyxes
villous at top.
Undulated-]ea\ed Monardella. PI. i to 1 foot.
5 M. Dougla'sii (Benth. lab. p. 332.) stem procumbent at the
base ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, or linear, narrowed at both
ends, green, pubescent ; whorls densely-globose, large, solitary ;
outer bracteas ovate-lanceolate, exceeding the calyxes, aristately-
subulate ; calyx ovate-tubular, inflated, villous, with nearly
equal, awned teeth. 11 . H. Native of North California. Herb
pubescent, divaricately-branched ; branches purplish. Leaves
one inch long, flattish. Heads an inch in diameter. Segments
of corolla and genitals shorter than in AI. odorat'issima and M.
unduliita.
Douglas's Monardella. PI. 5 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see P ijchn^mthemum, p.
763.
XXXIX. AMARA'CUS (Ajuapacoe, nmaracos, the Greek
name of Dittany, of Crete.) Mocnch. ex Benth. lab. p. 333.
Origanum, spec, of Lin. and other authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-campanu-
late, 13-nerved at the base ; upper lip elongated, entire, erect;
lower lip truncate, almost wanting, or very shortly bidentate ;
throat naked inside. Tube of corolla exserted from the calyx,
equalling the imbricate bracteas ; limb bilabiate ; the upper lip
erect, emarginate, flattish: the lower lip spreading, trifid, with
nearly equal, entire lobes. Stamens 4, erect, ascending, scarcely
distant, exserted, didynamous : lower ones the longest ; filaments
glabrous ; anthers 2-celled : cells distinct, diverging, or divari-
cate. Upper lobe of style short ; stigmas minute. — Shrubs with
quite entire leaves. Flowers aggregate into oblong spikelets.
Bracteas orbicular, membranous, coloured, loosely-imbricate,
much longer than the calyxes, equalling the tubes of the corollas.
This genus diflfers from Origanum, from which it has been sepa-
rated, in habit, calyx, corolla, &c.
1 A. dicta'mnus (Benth. lab. p. 333.) leaves almost sessile,
clothed with dense wool on both surfaces, as well as the branches.
P; . F. Native of Candia, on rocks, and elsewhere in Greece.
A. tomentosus, Mocnch. Origanum Dictamnus, Lin. spec. 823.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 298. — Blackw. t. 462. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t.
76. Dictamnus Creticus, Bauh. pin. p. 222. Branches ascend-
ing. Leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, quite entire, rounded at the
base, thick ; floral leaves small, almost glabrous. Corolla with-
out a spur, purple. Heads of flowers nutant. The fabulous
qualities attributed to this plant (Dictamnus) may be seen in
Virgil's 12th ^Eneid, and in Cicero's de Natura Deorum, 2. p. 50.
Dittany of Crete. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1551. Shrub 1 foot.
2 A. TouRNEFORTii (Benth. lab. p. 333.) leaves sessile, orbi-
cular, sub-cordate at the base, and are, as well as the branches,
quite glabrous or ciliated. I; . F. Native of the Grecian Ar-
chipelago ; as in the island of Amorgos, on rocks ; and of the
Levant. Origanum Tournefortii, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol.
2. p. 311. Andr. bot. rep. t. 537. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grssc.
6. p. 56. t. 569. Origanum calcaratum, Juss. ex Sleud. nom.
p. 572. Origanum dictamni Cretici facie, folio crasso, nunc
villoso, nunc glabro, Tourn. cor. 13. itin. 1. p. 240. with a
figure. This differs from the preceding in being glabrous ; in
the spikes being more dense ; in the bracteas being broader, and
the genitals a little shorter. Low er lip of calyx distinctly biden-
tate. Corollas purple, furnished with a small obtuse spur under
the throat. Habit of Rhodwla rosea.
TourneJorV s Amaracus, or Dittany of Amorgos. Fl. Aug.
Sept. Clt. 1788. Shrub I foot.
Cult. The species of this genus are liable to be killed by
severe frosts if allowed to remain in the open air ; but in com-
mon winters, if planted against a south wall in a dry soil, will
survive. It is, however, proper to keep a few reserve plants in
pots, that they may be protected by placing them in a green-
house or frame. A rich light soil suits them best; and cuttings
are readily rooted under a hand-glass.
XL. ORIGANUM (said to be derived from opoQ, ores, a
mountain ; and yavoc, ganos, joy, the delight of the mountain.
Origanum of Pliny, and Opiyaiuy of Theophrastus and Diosco-
rides.) Benth. lab. p. 334. Origanum, species of Lin. and
other authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-tubular,
10-13-nerved, striated; teeth 5, equal, or the 3 superior ones
are rather the longest ; throat villous inside. Corolla having
the tube equal in length to the calyx, or hardly longer than it ;
limb sub-bilabiate ; the upper lip erectish, emarginate ; the
lower lip spreading and trifid, with nearly equal lobes. Sta-
mens 4, exserted, distant, somewhat didynamous, the lower ones
LABIATiE. XL. Origanum.
765
the longest. Style almost equally bifid at top ; stigmas minute.
Aclienia dry, snioothish. — Herbs. Leaves quite entire, or a
little toothed. Flowers collected into cylindrical or oblong
spikelets. Bracteas imbricate, coloured, covering the calyxes,
but more loose than in the genus Marjorana.
1 0- SiPY^LEUM (Lin. spec. 833.) stems decumbent, panicu-
lately-branched at top ; leaves on short petioles, quite entire :
lower ones roundish, hispid, or woolly : upper ones ovate, quite
glabrous, glaucous ; spikelets oblong, solitary, or by threes, nu-
tant ; bracteas loose, ovate, coloured ; calyx quite glabrous,
having the three superior teeth longer. f^ . F. Native of the
Levant and Greece ; on Mount Sipylos in Phrygia ; and between
Smyrna and Bursa, Sibthorp. Near Aleppo, Russell. On Mount
Delphus, Sibthorp. O. hybridum. Mill. diet. no. 12. O. Sipy-
leum, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 57. t. 570. Origanum,
montis sipyli, Herm. lugdb. 462. t. 463. Origanum Sipj^leus,
marjoranse foliis, Mor. hist. 3. p. 357. sect. 11. t. 4. f. 2. Pro-
cumbent at the base. Sterile branches short, very villous.
Leaves thick, woolly on both surfaces. Floriferous stems gla-
brous, with a few remote leaves. Tube of corolla equalling the
calyx. Corolla pale purple. ?
(Si^jj/Zoi Marjoram. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1699. Shrub 1 to
U foot.
2 O. compa'ctum (Benth. lab. p. 334.) humble, almost simple;
leaves nearly sessile, ovate, obtuse, scarcely serrated ; spikes
densely capitate, cylindrical ; bracteas elongated, lanceolate,
acute, coloured, twice as long as the calyx, fj . F. Native near
Tangiers, Salzmann. O. glandulosum, Salzm. pi. exsic. but not
of Desf. Stems rising from a suffruticose base, simple. Leaves
smaller and stiffer than in O. vulgare, but the bracteas are a
little larger, and all acute. Teetli of calyx bearded inside : the
3 upper ones rather the longest. Corolla pale purple. 1
Compact Marjoram. PI. ^ to f foot.
3 O. vulga're (Lin. spec. 824.) erect, villous ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, obtuse, serrated a little, rounded at the base, green
on both surfaces ; spikelets oblong or cylindrical, glomerate,
corymbosely-panicled ; bracteas ovate, obtuse, coloured, from
half as long again as the calyx to twice as long. 'J/ . H. Native
of Europe, North of Africa, and Middle Asia, by way-sides,
in hedges, and in woods ; plentiful in some parts of Britain; Cau-
casus, Siberia, Cashmere ; also from Pennsylvania to Carolina, but
probably escaped from gardens. Curt. lond. 3. with a figure,
VVoodv. med. bot. 451. t. 164. Oed. fl. dan. t. 638. Sab.
hort. rom. 3. t. 75. Smith, engl. bot. 1143. O. stoloniferum,
Bess. O. orientate. Mill. diet. no. 5. O. decipiens, Wallr. —
Blackw. t. 280. — Riv. mon. 60. f. 1. Habit very variable. Stems
numerous, erect, more or less hairy, often reddish. Leaves
more or less villous, rarely almost glabrous, Bracteas usually
glabrous and reddish. Corolla exserted, usually purple, rarely
white, with green bracteas. The wild marjoram is an aromatic
and ornamental plant. The dried leaves, used instead of tea, are
extremely grateful ; they are also used in fomentations ; the
essential oil is so acrid that it may be considered as a caustic,
and was formerly used with that intention by farriers. A little
cotton moistened with it and put into the hollow of an aching
tooth, frequently relieves the pain. The tops will dye linen of a
reddish brown. This species is only used in cookery in default
of one of the other marjorams.
Var. ji, prismdlicum (Gaud, ex Benth. lab. p. 335.) fructife-
rous spikes elongated, prismatic. %. H. Native of the region
of the Mediterranean. O. heracleoticum, Rchb. fl. germ. exc.
313, but not of Lin. O. Creticum, Lin. spec. 823. O. macro-
stachyum, Link, handb. 468. O. megastaehyum, Link, enum. 2.
p. 114.? O. latifolium, Mill. diet. no. 3. This hardly diflTers
from the species, except in the spikelets being elongated, and the
flowers generally white ; but they are also purple.
Var. y. humile (Mart. Mill. diet. no. 8. Benth. lab. p. 335.)
hardly half a foot high, nearly glabrous; leaves narrower, spike-
lets small, numerous, corymbose. l^ . H. Native of Asia, in
shady places. O. liCimile, Mill. diet. no. 4. Poir. suppl. 4. p.
186. Corollas purple.
Far. S, vlreiis (Benth. lab. p. 335.) bracteas hardly coloured,
usually pubescent. 1/. H. Native of Portugal and Cashmere.
O. virens, Hoftni. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 119. t. 9. O. oblong-
atiim, Link, enum. 2. p. 114. O, thymiflorum, Rchb. fl. germ.
exc. p. 313.
Coirtinon or Wild Marjoram. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
4 O. norma'le (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 113.) ascending,
villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, bluntish, cuneately-rounded at
the base, green on both surfaces ; spikelets small, oblong, glo-
merate, corymbosely-panicled ; bracteas lanceolate, acute, ex-
ceeding the calyxes a little. %. H. Native of the Himalaya,
Cashmere, Nipaul, Kamaon, and Sirmore, Wall ; and Siberia, at
Lake Baical. Stems paniculately branched at top. Bracteas
spreading, a little green, pubescent. Calyx of 0. vulgare, but
the corolla is smaller, and probably purple. Stamens probably
always inclosed.
Normal Marjoram. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
5 O. HERACLEOTICUM (Lin. spcc. p. 823.) plant erectish, gla-
brous or villous, glandular ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, ob-
tuse, quite entire, rounded at the base ; panicle elongated ; spike-
lets oblong or elongated, glomerate ; bracteas ovate, acute, green,
pubescent, equalling the calyxes. %. H. Native of the region
of the Mediterranean ; as on Mount Atlas, near Mascar ; Cala-
bria ; some of the Grecian Islands ; and about Smyrna and
Constantinople ; also about Odessa. O. glandulosum, Desf. fl.
atl. 2. p. 27. O. Smyrnffium, Sibtli. et Smith, fl. gra3C. 6. p.
57. t. 571, but not of Lin. O. Creticum, Sieb. pi. exsic. and
of other authors, but not of Lin. — Lob. icon. 492. A very vari-
able species, dissimilar in habit to the others, but readily recog-
nized by the bracteas being longer than the calyxes ; by the
loose spikes and small flowers. Stamens more or less villous.
Leaves pale green, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers one half
smaller than those of O. vulgare, white. Bracteas often decidu-
ous, usually pubescent. This, the winter sweet marjoram, re-
quires a sheltered, dry soil, and seldom ripens seed in this
country, and is usually propagated by slips or cuttings. Like
other marjorams it is an aromatic, of sweet flavour, much used
as relishing herbs in soups and broths, stuffings, &c. The
young, tender tops and leaves together are used in summer in a
green state, and they are dried for winter.
Var. li, humile (Benth. lab. p. 336.) If.. H. O. parviflorum,
D'Urv. enum. pi. arch, in mem. soc. Lin. par. p. 327.
Heraclean, or Winter Sweet Marjoram, or Bastard Marjoram.
Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 foot.
6 O. LAXiFLORUM (Roylc, in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 376.) stem
procumbent, villous ; leaves on short petioles, broad-ovate, ob-
tuse, almost entire, rounded at the base, green on both surfaces,
pubescent ; bracteas acute, rather longer than the calyxes, green,
and are, as well as the flowers, disposed in very loose spikes.
1/. H. Native of the Himalaya at Nagkanda, Royle. Leaves
like those of O. vulgare, but differs otherwise from it in the
stems being procumbent ; and especially in the spikes being
loose, not imbricated.
Lonse-Jlowered Marjoram. PI. procumbent.
7 O. Majoricum (Cambess. enum. pi. balear. p. 124.) stem
loosely tomcntose ; leaves elliptic, pubescent ; flowers fascicu-
late ; calyx and corolla bilabiate. %. H. Native of the Bal-
earic Islands, in arid places. Spikes very short, globose. Ca-
lyx glandular : upper lip deeply tridtntate : lower lip shorter,
7GG
LABIATE. XL. Origanum. XLI. Marjokana.
bipartite. Corolla rose-coloured, deciduous. Perhaps Thymus
Richardi, Pers. ?
Majorca Marjoram. Pi. 2 to 3 feet.
-f- Doubtful species.
8 O. puncta'tum (Poir. diet, suppl. 4. p. 1S6.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, dotted, glabrous ; heads spherical, rather downy ;
bracteas acute, longer than the calyxes. 1^. H. Native
country unknown. Stems glabrous. Leaves almost sessile,
quite entire. Spikelets globose, size of peas. Bracteas rather
pubescent. Corollas whitish. Perhaps a young specimen of 0.
Heracleoticum.
Var. (j : leaves narrower, lanceolate. %. U.
DottedAeaved Marjoram. PI. 1 foot.
9 O. vESTiTUM (Clarke, trav. 2. p. 451.) leaves subcordate,
ovate, petiolate, quite entire, tomentose on both surfaces, and
very soft ; spikes roundish-ovate, compact, tomentose, usually by
threes. Tj . F. Native of Palestine, near Cana. Plant branched,
suffruticose, hoary from tonientum. Calyx bilabiate, with a
woolly throat. Corollas slender, glandularly dotted. Perhaps
the same as Marjordim crassifolia.
Clothed Marjoram. Shrub branched.
10 O. sALviFOLiuM (Roth, ex Steud. nom. p. 572.) Nothing
is known of this plant but the name.
Sage-leaved Marjoram. PI. ?
Cult. All the species are of easy culture and propagation. A
sandy soil and dry situation suit them best. The herbaceous
species are readily propagated by dividing at the root, and the
shrubby kinds, by cuttings or slips, or by separating the rooted
shoots.
XLI. MARJORA^NA (altered from the Arabic name Mar-
yamyeh, but the marjoram of the Arabs is Salvia ceralophylla.)
Moench. meth. 406. Benth. lab. p. 338. Origanum species of
Lin. and other authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx shortly cara-
panulate at the base ; limb cleft, complanately dilated above,
quite entire, orbicular, with the margin implicate beneath at the
base ; throat naked inside. Corolla having the tube equalling
the calyx, and the limb somewhat bilabiate ; upper lip ereetish,
emarginate : lower lip spreading, trifid, with nearly equal lobes.
Stamens 4, exserted, distant, somewhat didynamous : lower ones
the longest ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel, diverging, or at
length divaricate. Style almost equally bifid at apex ; stigmas
minute, — Perennial or suffruticose herbs, usually clothed with
tomentose villi. Leaves quite entire or toothed. Flowers col-
lected into short tetragonal spikelets. Bracteas orbicular, vil-
lous, not coloured, flat, equal in height to the calyxes, lying upon
them, and closely imbricate.
1. M. microphy'lla (Benth. lab. p. 338.) suffruticose, pro-
cumbent ; branches slender, almost glabrous, panieled ; leaves
small, remote, petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, rounded at the
base, clothed with white tomentum ; spikelets nearly globose,
few, and sub-corymbose at the tops of the branches. Ij . F.
Native of Candia, on the Sphaciotic Mountains. Origanum
M^ru, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 59. t. 573. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2602. Origanum microphyllum, Sieb. pi. exsic. crete.
Branches purplish, smooth, filiform. Leaves not above a third
the size of those of il/. hortensis. Branches and calyxes clothed
with tomentose villi, densely ciliated at apex. Corollas of M.
hortensis.
Small-leaved Pot Marjoram. Shrub procumbent.
2 M. horte'nsis (Moench. meth. 406.) branches nearly gla-
brous, racemosely panieled ; leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, ob-
tuse, quite entire, clothed with hoary tomentum on both surfaces ;
spikelets oblong, sessile, glomerate on the branchlets ; t; . in its
native country, ©. in our gardens. H. Native of the North
of Africa, near Mascar, on hills ; and of Asia, on the Alps of
Kamaon, Wall. Origanum Marjorana, Lin. spec. p. 824. Woodv.
med. bot. 453. t. 165. Origanum Marjoranoides, Willd. spec.
3. p. 137. Origanum Wallichianum, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar.
asiat. 1. p. 31. Marjorana crassa, Moench. meth. 406.? Ori-
ganum Onites, Lam. diet. 4. p. 608. ex Dc. fl. fr. 3. p. 558. but
not of Lin. Marjorana vulgaris, Bauh. pin. 224. Amaracus
vulgatior. Lob. icon. 498. Origanum acinacifolium, Wallr.
— Blackw. t 319. — Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 3. f 2. Branches
tetragonal, pubescent, a little branched. Leaves half an inch
long. Spikelets 3-5 together, nearly sessile. Bracteas and
calyxes complanate, closely imbricate. Corollas small, purplish,
or white. A variety of this species occurs in Miller's herbarium,
under the n.ime of O. Heracleoticum. This, the sweet or knot-
ted marjoram, is a hardy annual in our gardens, although suf-
fruticose in the places of its natural growth. As the seed
seldom ripens in this country, it is generally procured from
France. When in blossom the herb is cut over and dried
for winter use ; so that a sowing requires to be made every
year. Like the other culinary kinds of marjoram, it is
much used as a relishing herb in soups, broths, stuffings, &c.
The young, tender tops and leaves are used together in summer
in a green state, and they are dried for winter. For a seed-bed,
3 feet by 3 feet, a quarter of an ounce of seed will be sufficient.
Sow in April on a compartment of light earth, either in small
drills or broad cast ; or sow a portion in a hot-bed, if requisite
to have a small crop forwarded. When the plants are 1-2 or 3
inches high, thin the seed-bed, and plant those thinned out in a
final bed, six inches apart, giving water ; or where large supplies
are required, some may remain thick, where sown, to be drawn
off by the root as wanted. Sweet m.arjoram is a moderately-
warm aromatic, yielding its virtues both to aqueous and spiritu-
ous liquors by infusion, and to water in distillation.
Garden ]\Liijoram, or Sweet or Knotted Marjoram. Fl. June,
July. Clt. 1573. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 M. CRASSIFOLIA (Benth. lab. p. 339.) branches rather to-
mentose, racemosely-panicled ; leaves sessile, ovate-elliptic,
thick, clothed with soft tomentum ; spikelets oblong, sessile,
glomerate on the branches. f^ F. Native of the Levant, Pa-
lestine, and Candia. Origanum M^ru, Lin. spec. p. 825, but
not of other authors. Origanum ^gyptlacum, of authors, but
not of Lin. Habit of M. hortensis, from which it differs in the
sessile, larger, thick leaves, which are densely clothed with
tomentose wool on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes and
bracteas. Corollas purplish.
Thick-leaved Marjoram. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1
foot.
4 M. NERVOSA (Benth. lab. p. 339.) erect, branches panieled,
beset with spreading villi ; leaves sessile, broad-ovate, almost
quite entire, roundly-truncate at the base, or the lower ones are
somewhat cordate, villous on both surfaces ; spikelets oblong,
small, sessile, glomerate on the branches. ^. F., or ©. H.
Native of Arabia and Egypt. Origanum Syriacum, Lin. spec,
p. 824. ? Origanum I'ndicum Zatarhendi, Alp. et Vesl. pi.
segypt. 31. t. 3S. Marum Syriacum, Lob. icon. t. 499. Habit
of M. hortensis, but the panicles are more divaricate and more
branched. Leaves form of those of il/. onttes. Spikelets nu-
merous, smaller, and more distinct than in M. hortensis. Calyxes
and bracteas of M. omtes. Corollas a little larger.
NervedAeAveA Marjoram. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 foot.
5 M. OnItes (Benth. lab. p. 339.) stems erect, nearly simple,
hairy ; leaves sessile, ovate, serrated a little, rather villous or
LABIATE. XLI. Marjorana. XLII. Thymus.
rG7
tomentose ; spikelets small, ovoid, numerous, densely corym-
bose. Ij . F. Native of the eastern region of the Mediterra-
nean ; as of Dahnatia, Greece, and the neighbouring islands, &c.
Origanum Onites, Lin. spec. p. 82t. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6,
p. 58. t. 57~. Origanum Smyrnffi'um, Lin. spec. p. 84^. Ori-
ganum pallidum, Desf. liort. par. ed. 2d. p. 395. Pers. ench. 2.
p. 129. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 45. t. 38. Leaves half an inch long,
usually cordate at the base. Corolla of I\I. horlensis, but a
little smaller, whitish. This, the pot-marjoram, though hardy
enougli to stand our winters, seldom ripens its seeds in this
country. It is in flower from July to November, and is propa-
gated by seed, but chiefly from slips. It is used and cultivated
for the same purposes as sweet marjoram.
/^«i's or Pot Marjoram. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1759. Shrub
1 foot.
Cult. All the species of marjoram are shrubby if protected
in winter ; and they are readily increased by slips or cuttings.
When any of them are sown to be reaped the same year treat
them as recommended for M. hortensis, p. 766.
XLII. THY'MUS (from Ovf^oc, tliymos, of Theophrastus and
Dioscorides ; from Ovfiog, thymos, courage, strength, the smell of
thyme being reviving ; or from Ovw, thyo, to perfume, because it
was used for incense in the temples.) Benth. lab. p. 340. Thy-
mus species, Lin. and other authors. Serpyllura, Pers. ench. 2.
p. 130.
Lin. syst. Didynanua, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, 13-nerved,
bilabiate ; upper lip tridentate, spreading ; lower lip bifid, with
ciliated subulate segments ; throat villous inside. Corolla hav-
ing the tube inclosed in the calyx and imbricating bracteas,
naked inside ; limb sub-bilabiate ; upper lip straight, emargi-
nate, flattish ; lower lip spreading, trifid, with equal lobes, or
the middle lobe is longest. Stamens exserted, rarely inclosed,
straight, distant, nearly equal or didynamous, lower two the
longest ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel, or at length diverging.
Style about equally bifid at apex ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous
at apex. — Small, usually canescent under shrubs. Leaves small,
quite entire, veiny, with usually revolute margins. Whorls few-
flowered sometimes, all remote, and sometimes disposed in loose,
dense, or imbricate spikelets. Bracteas minute. Flowers usually
purplish, rarely white.
Sect. I. Mastichina (so called from exhaling a scent like that
of Mastich.) Benth. lab. p. 341. Calycine teeth, all subulate.
Very nearly allied to the genus Byslropogon.
1 T. MASTICHINA (Lin. spec. 827.) plant difl:lise, branched,
pale green, or canescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, ob-
tuse, narrowed at the base, naked, flat : upper and floral leaves
broader ; calyx villous, with plumose subulate teeth, which are
longer than the tube. Jj . F. Native of Spain, Portugal, and
Barbary, in sandy, uncultivated places. T. ciliatus, Mcench. ex
Steud. nom. p. 836. Sampsucus seu Marum Mastichen redo-
lens, Bauh. pin. p. 224. Marum, Blackw. icon. t. 134. Riv.
mon. t. 40. Leaves almost entire, canescent while young. Su-
perior whorls approximating into a round head. Corolla whitish,
usually shorter than the calycine teeth.
Mastich Thyme. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1596. Shrub 1 foot.
2 T. TOMENTosus (WiUd. enum. 2. p. 626. ? Benth. lab. p.
341 .) plant diffuse, branched, canescent; leaves scarcely petio-
late, ovate or oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, naked, flat,
clothed with hoary tomentum when young : floral leaves broad-
ovate, a little imbricated ; calyx very villous, having the teeth
all subulate, plumose, and shorter than the tube. I; . H. Na-
tive of Spain and the Algarves, Masson. T. marifolius, Pourr.
ex Willd. 1. c. T. elongatus, Link, enum. 2. p. 118.? This
species differs from the preceding in the calyxes, and inflores-
cence. Heads small, numerous, almost globose.
10
7'omew<0ie Mastich Thyme. Fl. June. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
1 foot.
Sect. II. Serpy'llum (kpirvWov, the Greek name of the wild
thyme ; from ipTroi, herpo, to creep ; in reference to the creeping
stems.) Benth. lab. p. 342. Superior teeth of calyx lanceolate.
Floral leaves almost of the same colour as the cauline leaves.
3 T. vulga'ris (Lin. spec. p. 825.) plant erect or procumbent
at the base, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves sessile, linear,
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, with revolute edges, fascicled in the
axils : floral leaves lanceolate, obtuse ; whorls loose, rather dis-
tant ; teeth of upper lip of calyx lanceolate, but the segments
of the lower lip are subulate and ciliated, h . H. Native of the
South West of Europe, in dry, arid, uncultivated places; as of
Portugal, Spain, South of France, South of Germany, Italy,
Piedmont, and Greece. Woodv. mcd. hot. 299. t. 109. — Blackw.
icon. t. 211. Shrub much branched. Flowers purplish, smaller
than those of T. Serpyllum. Upper whorls, or all, loosely ap-
proximate into a terminal head, or the 2 or 4 lower ones are
remote.
There are two kinds of thyme cultivated for culinary pur-
poses. The common and the lemon thyme. Of the garden or
common thyme there are two varieties, the broad and nan-ow-
leaved, besides the variegated, grown for ornament. The lemon
thyme. Thymus serpijllum, var. y, citratus, is a low, trailing shrub,
of a yellowish colour, having a strong scent of lemons. The
young leaves and tops of both kinds are used in soups, stuffings,
and sauces. For these purposes the broad-leaved common is gene-
rally preferred ; but the flavour of the lemon thyme is much
liked in peculiar dishes.
To raise thyme from seed is the general and most eligible
metliod. It is occasionally multiplied by parting the roots of
stocky close plants, and by slips of the young shoots. By seed,
sow in March or April in a bed or border of light fine earth,
either broad-cast, scattered thin and raked in lightly, which is
the general course, or in small shallow drills, six inches asunder :
the young plants may either remain, or be transplanted in the
summer when 2 or 3 inches high. A portion may be drilled for
an edging to a border. As soon as the plants are 3 or 5 inches
in growth, in June or July, taking the opportunity of rain, thin
them out, and plant 6 inches asunder, and water at planting.
Others may be planted in a single row to form an edging to a
border, either set close to form at once a full edging, or as far as
3 inches apart. Seedlings thus treated will come in for use the
same year.
Those who raise considerable supplies of thyme for the mar-
kets usually sow large portions thickly in beds, to remain till of
useful growth, then to be drawn off; root and top together, at
different seasons as wanted ; it is then tied in small bunches for
market. Some persons also transplant considerable portions in
spring and summer to 6-10 or 12 inches distance, to form a stocky
full growth, to be drawn off' in large bushy plants. Tiiyme is also
propagated by slips of the branching shoots in the spring or
early in autumn, but more especially by sections of the bush, or
by removing rooted branches. Plant all these in light rich earth,
and shade and water till rooied. In autumn, to provide against
the effect of frosts on exotic evergreens, dry and house a store
for winter ; either cutting the tops or drawing the entire plants.
Seed is produced abundantly in this country, and ripens in sum-
mer and autumn. Gather the seed spikes and spread them upon
a cloth to dry ; rub out clean, and put the seed up for sowing
the following vear.
Common orGarden Thyme. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1548. Shrub
I to 1 foot.
4 T. TENUiFOLius (Mill. diet. no. 2, Benth. lab. p. 728.)
erect or procumbent at the base ; branches pubescent ; leaves
768
LABIATiE. XLII. Thymus.
sessile, linear-subulate, acute, with revolute edges, fascicled in
the axils, green, nearly glabrous ; floral leaves lanceolate, ob-
tuse ; whorls distant ; teeth of the upper lip of the calyx ovate,
and tlie segments of the lower lip subulate. Ij . H. Native of
the South of Spain, Pavon ; near Cadiz, Picard. This differs
from T. vulgaris, in the more slender, green, glabrous leaves,
which are scarcely white from pubescence beneath.
Fine-leaved Thyme. Fl. June, Aug. CIt. 1548. Shrub \
to 1 foot.
5 T. DiFFu'sus (Salzm. pi. exsic. e.\ Benth. lab. p. 342.) pro-
cumbent ; floriferous branches ascending, clothed with hoary
pubescence ; leaves sessile, linear or lanceolate-linear, fascicled
in the axils, with revolute, naked margins, clothed with hoary
tomentum en both surfaces ; floral leaves similar to the others ;
wliorls ap])roximate into an oblong head ; teeth of the upper lip
of calyx lanceolate, acute: sei^ments of the lower lip subulate,
ciliated. Ij . F. Native of Gibraltar. T. ascendens, Bernh.
ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 313. Habit of T. angustij alius.
Leaves of T. vulgaris, of which it is probably a variety.
Diffuse Thyme. Shrub procumbent.
6 T. decussa'tus (Benth. lab. p. 342.) erect ; stems much
branched, pubescent; leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse, with revo-
lute edges, clothed with fine tomentum : those of the sterile
branches decussate ; floral leaves similar to the rest ; whorls
few-flowered, capitellate ; teeth of upper lip of calyx short,
ovate, obtuse : segments of the lower lip subulate, ciliated. Fj .
F. Native of Arabia, in the desert of Sinai, Bove. Old
branches rather spiny. Whorls few, 2-4-flowered at the tops
of the branches. Corollas small.
Decussale-\ea.\eA Thyme. Shrub erect.
7 T. BovEi (Benth. lab. p. 342.) erect; branches stiff, strict,
villous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, flattish, having
the petioles and margins ciliated a little ; floral leaves similar to
the rest, adpressed ; whorls few-flowered, spicate ; upper lip of
calyx large, shortly tridentate, and the segments of the lower
lip subulate, ciliated. Jj . F. Native of the desert of Sinai,
between Suez and Gaza, Bove; and between Aleppo and Bagdad,
Olivier. Leaves almost like those of T.piperella. Whorls about
6-flowered : lower one rather distant : upper whorls approxi-
mate, spicate. Calyx rather villous. Corolla of T. Serpijllum.
Boves Thyme. Shrub | to 1 foot.
8 T. pipere'lla (Lin. syst. p. 452. but not of Ait.) suffruti-
cose, procumbent ; branches ascending, stiff, pubescent ; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, truncately subcordate at the base,
not ciliated, thick, stiff, veiny, glandular : floral ones conforming
to the others ; calyx almost glabrous : teeth of upper lip short,
ovate, and the segments of the lower lip subulate, ciliated. Tj .
F. Native in the region of the Mediterranean ; as of Barbary,
Spain, Mount Parnassus, &c. T. graveolens, Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. 6. p. 61. t. 576. but not of Bieb.— Barr. icon. 694.? —
Bocc. mus. 2. p. 166. t. 117.? Allied to T. Serpyllum. Co-
rolla exceeding the calyx a little, purple. ?
Small-Peppermint Thyme. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
Shrub procumbent.
9 T. HERBABARONA (Lois. fl. gall. p. 360. t. 9.) procumbent,
glabrous ; floriferous branches shortly ascending ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base, cili-
ated a little ; floral leaves conforming to the others ; teeth of
upper lip of calyx short, lanceolate, and the segments of the
lower lip subulate, ciliated, fj . H. Native of Corsica, Re-
quien. T. affinis, Sieb. pi. exsic. T. lucidus, Guss. prod. fl.
sic. suppl. 193. ? A'cynos herba baroni, G. Don, in Loud. hort.
brit. 239. Hardly distinct from T. Serpijllum, unless in the
shape of the leaves, and more loose habit.
Herb-Baron Thyme. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
prociunbent.
10 T. Serpy'llum (Lin. spec. 825.) suffruticose, procum-
bent ; floriferous branches shortly ascending ; leaves on short
petioles, ovate, narrowed at the base, cuneated or rounded,
veiny, having the petioles and margins more or less ciliated ;
floral leaves almost similar to the rest; teeth of upper lip of
calyx lanceolate, ovate : segments of the lower lip subulate, cili-
ated, f^ • H. Native throughout Europe and the North of
Asia, in dry exposed places ; as of Britain, Sweden, Lapland,
Denmark, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, European
Russia, even to St. Petersburgli, Caucasus, Siberia ; and the
Himalaya, at Simla and Choor. T. exserens and T. includens,
Elirh. arb. p. 158. This is a very variable plant. Corollas
purple. Whorls 6-12-flowered, usually ^proximating into a
terminal head. This, the Wild Thyme, has the same sensible
qualities as Garden Thyme, but the flavour is milder, and rather
more grateful. It is a common notion, that the flesh of sheep
that feed upon aromatic plants, particularly Wild Thyme, is su-
perior in flavour to other mutton. The truth is, that sheep do
not crop these aromatic plants, unless now and then by accident,
or when they are first turned on hungry to douns, heaths, or
commons ; but the soil and situations favourable to aromatic
plants, produce a short sweet pasturage, best adapted to feeding
sheep, whom nature designed for mountains, and not for turnip
grounds and rich meadows. The attachment of bees to this and
other aromatic plants is well known. Few plants are subject to
more varieties than Wild Thyme.
Var. a, vulgaris (Benth. lab. p. 343.) leaves smaller, with
very prominent veins. fj . H. T. Serpyllum, Lin. spec. 825.
Fries, nov. fl. suec. Hook. fl. lond. vol. 3. with a figure.
Smith, engl. hot. t. 1514. Woodv. med. hot. p. 301. t. 110.
Curt. lond. 2. t. 47. T. sylvestris, Schreb. and Rchb. fl. germ.
exc. p. 313. T. rigidus, Rchb. T. humifiisus, Bernh. ex
Rchb. fl. germ. 1. c. T. collinus, Bieb. fl. cauc. 3. p. 401. with
narrower leaves. T. effusus. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 137. T.
procerus, Opiz. T. Kollmunzerianus, Opiz. T. Sudeticus,
Opiz. ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 312. T. serratus, Opiz. 1. c.
T. laevigatus, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 65. with cuneate-oblong, not
linear leaves. T. arenarius, Bernh. ex Rchb. fl. germ. 1. c. T.
melissoides, Fisch. T. deciimbens, Bernh. ex Rchb. fl. germ.
1. c. T. glabratus, Schultes, ex Rchb. 1. c. and probably of
Link. T. defle.xus, Lej. ex Rchb. 1. c. T. glaber, Mill. diet.
no. 6. Corollas usually purple, rarely white.
Var. (3, lanuglnhsus ; the whole plant white from wool ; stems
trailing. Fj . S. Native of France, at Fontainbleau ; and of
England, on the Gogmagog hills. T. lanuginosus, Willd. spec.
3. p. 138. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 164. with a figure. MilL
diet. no. 8. T. serpyllum, var. c, Lin. spec. p. 825.
Tar. y, citratum ; plant almost glabrous, yellowish, trailing.
'^ . H. Native of Kent, and at Downton Castle, Shropshire.
O. citriodorus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 130. Schreb. ex Link, enum.
2. p. 115. T. snbcitratus, Schreb. ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p.
313. T. citriitus, Dumort, floril. belg. p. 47. Lemon Thyme
is frequently kept in gardens for the agreeable odour of the
leaves. Plants raised from seeds of this kind have not the
same scent, it is therefore an accidental variety, which is pre-
served by means of slips or cuttings.
Var. B, montanus (Benth. lab. p. 344.) leaves larger and less
rigid. f; . H. Native of the more southern parts of Europe.
T. montanus, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 72. t. 71. T. chamae'-
drys. Fries, nov. fl. suec. ed. 1st. p. 35. ed. 2d. p. 197. T.
pulegioides, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 313. Cunila thymoides,
Lin. spec. p. 31. Hedeoraa thymoides, Pers. ench. 2. p. 131.
Ziziphora thymoides, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 209. T.
nummularius, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 58. Sims, bot. mag. vol. 53.
t. 2666. with larger broader leaves. T. pseudoserpyllum,
LABIATjE. XLII. Thymus.
769
Rclib. T, marjoranokles, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 74. Poir.
siippl. 5. p. 306. T. ovatus, Mill. diet. no. 7.
N.B. Besides the above varieties, there are numerous others
whicii run so gradually into each other as scarcely to be distin-
guished.
Wild Thyme, or Mother of Thyme. Fl. June, Aug. Bri-
tain. Shrub trailing.
11 T. ANGUSTnoLius (Pcrs. ench. 2. p. ISO.) suffruticose, pro-
cumbent ; floriferous branches shortly ascending, glabrous or
pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-linear, narrowed at
the base, veiny, having the petioles and margins ciliated ; floral
leaves almost similar to the others ; calyxes usually glabrous :
teeth of upper lip short, lanceolate-ovate, and tlie segments of
the lower lip ciliated. F; . H. Native of the South of Europe
and Middle Asia, on dry arid hills, and by way sides; as of
Portugal, Spain, South of France, South of Germany, Italy,
Greece, Caucasus, and Siberia ; also of Madeira and the
Azores. T. acicularis, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 157. t. 147.
T. cBEspititius, Link et Hoffm. fl. port. 1. t. 18. ? Brot. phyt.
p. 26. t. 11. T. repens. Link et HofFm. fl. port. T. odoratis-
siraus, Bieb. fl. cauc. 3, p. 405. more erect plant. T. spinu-
losus, Tenore, fl. nap. prod. p. 35. T. nervosus. Gay, pi. exs.
ind. itin. T. Zygis, Lin. spec. p. 826. and of many other au-
thors. T. variabilis. Link et Hoffln. fl. port. 1. t. 17. T. cili-
atus. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 392. T. albidus, Opiz, in bot. zeit.
1824. 2. p. 526. T. inodorus, Lej. ex Duraort, fl. belg. p. 47.
T. niicans, Lowe, prim. fl. raader. p. 19. Thymbra ciliata,
Tenore, fl. nap. prod, suppl. 2. p. 69. syll. fl. neap. p. 269. but
not of Lin. — Barr. icon. 777. Hardly differing from some va-
rieties of T. Serpijllum, unless in the narrower leaves. Corollas
purple. There are varieties of this with glabrous, pubescent, or
villous leaves, but usually quite glabrous. The T. Zygis of the
gardens is an erect, narrow-leaved, canescent plant, with white
flowers.
Narrow-leaved Thyme. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1771. Shrub pro-
cumbent.
12 T. PANNomcns (All. fl. ped. 1. p. 20.) suffruticose, pro-
cumbent ; floriferous branches ascending, villous ; leaves on
short petioles, linear, or the lower ones are oblong, narrowed at
the base, veiny, having the petioles and margins ciliated ; floral
leaves ahnost similar to the others ; calyx villous : teeth of
upper lip short, lanceolate-ovate, and the segments of the lower
lip subulate, ciliated. Ij . H. Native of the South of Europe,
and Middle Asia; as on the alps of Pannonia, South of Ger-
many, Hungary, Podolia, Caucasus, Altaia, &c. T. Marchal-
lianus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 141. T. glabrescens, HofFm. et Link,
fl. port. 1. p. 130. t. 15. ? T. Zygis, Pall. nov. act. petrop. 10.
p. 313. but not of Lin. T. adscendens, Bernh. ? ex Link, enum.
2. p. 115.? T. odoratissimus. Mill. diet. no. 9. T. lanugino-
sus, Mill. diet. no. 8. and other authors. T. Austriacus, Bernh.
ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 312. T. piligerus, Opiz, ex Rchb.
1. c. p. 313. Corollas purple. Hardly differing from T. an-
gustifhlius, unless in the floriferous branches being longer and
more erect, villous, and in the leaves being twice as long.
Pannonian Thyme. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub
procumbent.
13 T. SiBTHORPii (Benth. lab. p. 345.) stem procumbent at
the base, branched ; branches erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves
nearly sessile, oblong-Ianceolate, glabrous, nerved ; floral leaves
conform to the others ; flowers numerous, small, somewhat spi-
cate ; calyx villous, the lips divaricate : teeth of upper lip lan-
ceolate, very acute, and the segments of the lower lip subulate.
(j . F. Native of Greece, on the mountains. T. lanceolatus,
Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. grEec. 1. p. 419. but not of Desf.
Leaves 6-9 lines long, broader than in T. Pannunkus. Whorls
VOL. IV.
2-6-flowered, approximating into loose spikes. Corollas hardly
exceeding the calyx. Stamens exserted.
Sibthorp's Thyme. Shrub s foot.
14 T. lanceola'tus (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. SO. t. 128. but not of
Smith.) suffruticose, erect, clothed with soft villi; leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, roundly cuneated at the base,
veiny, clothed with soft pubescence beneath ; floral leaves sim-
ilar to the others ; racemes dense, secund ; calyxes villous,
nutant : the teeth of the upper lip ovate, acute, and the seg-
ments of the lower lip subulate. fj . F. Native of the North
of Africa, on Mciunt Atlas, near Tlemsen, Desf. Erect, much
branched at the base. Leaves nearly an inch long. Spikes
2-3 inches long. Corollas purple. Bentham has seen speci-
mens of this species, in which the spikes are scarcely secund.
Zanceo/a/e-leaved Thyme. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 1 to I foot.
15 T. linea'tus (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 31. lab.
p. 346.) procumbent ; floriferous branches shortly ascending ;
leaves on short petioles, oblong-linear, narrowed at the base,
veiny, having the petioles and margins ciliated ; floral leaves
ovate, rounded at the base, rather imbricate ; calyx almost gla-
brous : teeth of upper lip short, lanceolate-ovate, and the seg-
ments of the lower lip subulate, ciliated. ^i .'? F. Native of
the Himalaya, among the mountains of Kamaon. This species
differs from the more glabrous variety of T. Pannonicus, in the
more loose habit and floral leaves.
Lined Thyme. Shrub procumbent.
16 T. BRACTEOsus (Visiaui, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 346.) pro-
cumbent ; floriferous branches ascending ; leaves petiolate, ob-
long, narrowed at the base, flat, veiny, having the margins and
petioles of the upper leaves ciliated ; floral leaves sessile, broadly
roundish-cordate, imbricate, ciliated ; calyx villous : teeth of
upper lip short, ovate-lanceolate, and the segments of the lower
lip short, subulate, ciliated. Tj . H. Native of Dalmatia.
Corollas purple. 1 Habit of T. linearis, but differs in the floral
leaves ; it differs also from T. striatus, in the more loose habit,
but is probably only a variety of it.
Bracted Thyme. Shrub procumbent.
17 T. stria'tus (Vahl, symb. 78.?) procumbent; floriferous
branches ascending, pubescent; leaves nearly sessile, linear,
stiff, narrowed at the base, glabrous, ciliated ; floral leaves
broadly cordate-ovate, striated, and are, as well as the calyxes,
pubescent, rather imbricate, approximating into an oblong head.
fj . F. Native of the South of Europe, Gibraltar, Naples ; on
the banks of the Bosphorus, Olivier. T. Zygis, Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. 6. p. 60. t. 574. but not of Lin. T. hirtiis, Willd.
enum. p. 623. ? T. acicularis, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 127.
Corollas purple. Habit of T. atigustij alius ; but the leaves are
longer and stiffer, and the inflorescence is very distinct. The
floral leaves are veiny, stiff, with ciliated edges.
Striated-leaved Thyme. Shrub procumbent.
18 T. hirsu'tus (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 59. 3. p. 408. ? Benth.
lab. p. 346.) procumbent ; floriferous branches ascending,
clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves sessile, linear, somewhat
fascicled in the axils, with flat ciliated margins, clothed with
hoary toraentum on both surfaces ; floral leaves broader, closely
approximate, as well as the flowers, into an oblong head. t; .
H. Native of Greece and Tauria. T. vulgaris, Sibth. et
Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 419. but not of Lin. This species
differs from T. villbsus in the quite entire floral leaves ; and
from 7'. diffusus and T. angiisti/olius, in the broader floral
leaves ; and from T. striatus in the hairiness.
Hairy Thyme. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub procum-
bent.
19 T. viLLosus (Lin. spec. 827.) suiTruticose, procumbent;
5 F
770
LABIATiE. XLII. Thymus.
branches short, rather hairy ; leaves oblong-linear, flattish, with
ciliated margins ; floral leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated at
top, and are, as well as the calyxes, coloured ; whorls few-flow-
ered, approximate. Tj . F. Native of the Grecian Archipe-
lago. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grace. 6. p. 62. t. 578. Hoflm. et
Link, fl. port. 1. t. 14. Corollas purple. Hahh of T. angiisti-
fbiius ; from which it difFers in the leaves being more ciliated,
and especially in the calyxes being twice the size, and in the
floral leaves, which are coloured as in T/iyinbra siiicaia. Whorls
loose, not imbricate. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Villous Thyme. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub pro-
cumbent.
20 T. capitella'tus (Hoflm. et Link, fl. port. 1. t. 12.)
shrubby, canescent; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, with revolule
edges, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; floral leaves sub-
imbricate, broad-ovate, exceeding the calyxes ; whorls few-
flowered, collected into globose terminal heads. I^ . F. Na-
tive of Portugal, beyond the Tagus, near Lisbon, Link ; and in
the Algarves, Masson. Habit and cauline leaves of T. vulgaris.
Heads of flowers very numerous, size of peas. Calyx small,
with short spreading teeth. Corolla purplish ? scarcely longer
than the calyx.
Small-headed Thyme. Shrub.
21 T. Numi'dicus (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 29. ? Benth. lab. p.
347.) erect or prostrate at the base ; branches clothed with
hoary pubescence ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear or spatulate,
small, fascicled, flat, glabrous, ciliated a little ; floral leaves im-
bricating, very broad at the base ; whorls closely approximate
into small globose heads ; calyx villous : teeth of upper lip lan-
ceolate, acute, and the segments of the lower lip subulate. I7 .
F. Native of Spain, Pavon ; and of Barbary, near La Calle,
Desf. Habit of T. vulgaris ; but differs from it in the shorter
glabrous leaves, and especially in the inflorescence. Heads
hardly larger than peas, hairy. Floral leaves clasping the
flowers, ciliated, ex Desf. Corollas small, rose-coloured.
Numidian Thyme. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub i
foot.
22 T. Hispa'nicus (Poir. diet. 7. p. 646.) shrubby, erect;
leaves linear, ciliated ; flowers capitate, rather villous. fj . F.
Native of Spain, and of North Africa, on the sea-shore.
Branches numerous, slender. Leaves sessile. Teeth of calyx
sub-setaceous, ciliated. Corolla purplish, longer than the calyx.
Stamens rather longer than the corolla. Very nearly allied to
T. Numidicus, and probably only a variety of it.
Spanish Thyme. Shrub \ foot.
23 T. CAPITA Tus (Hoffrn. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 123.) pro-
cumbent at the base, much branched ; branches erect, canes-
cent ; sterile branches sub-spinescent ; leaves sessile, linear or
oblong, flat ; floral leaves imbricate, ovate, ciliated, green, co-
vering the calyxes. Tj . H. Native of the region of the Me-
diterranean, in dry, arid, stony places ; as of Barbary, near
Tangiers ; Portugal, Spain, Sicily, Naples, Greece, Syria, Pales-
tine, &c. T. Creticus, Brot. phyt. p. 27. t. 12. T. Marinosci,
Tenore, fl. nap. prod. p. 35. syll. p. 296. Satureia capitata,
Lin. spec. 795. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 36. t. 544.—
An elegant, densely branched shrub. Heads of flowers globose
or oblong, composed of 6-flowered whorls. Corollas exserted,
purple. Stamens exserted.
Caj.'i/a<e-flowered Thyme. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub
1 to 1 foot.
Sect. IH. Pseudothy'mbra (from i^/tv^oQ, iiseudus, falsehood;
and Ovfifipa, thymbra, a sweet-scented herb allied to Thyme.)
Benth. lab. p. 348. Floral leaves large, membranous, coloured.
24 T, cephal6tus (Lin, spec. 826.) erect, branched, clothed
with hoary pubescence ; leaves sessile, linear, with revolute
edges, small, fascicled : floral leaves large, ovate, acute, rather
membranous, coloured, covering the calyxes. fj . H. Native
of Spain and Portugal. Habit of T. vulgaris, but the inflores-
cence is very distinct. Floral leaves sessile, with ciliated edges,
purplish. Heads of flowers size of cherries. Corolla downy
outside, purplish or white : tube exserted from the calyx. Sta-
mens diverging, about equal in length to the corolla.
Headed Thyme. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1 to 1
foot.
25 T. cilia^tus (Benth. lab. p. 348.) shrubby, erect ; branches
pubescent or villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, obtuse,
flat, green, veiny, having the margins a little ciliated ; floral
leaves large, broad-ovate, acute, rather membranous, nerved,
coloured, ciliated, imbricate, covering the calyxes. ^ , F.
Native of the North of Africa, on arid hills near Mascar, Desf. ;
and near Galla, Masson ; and the Canary Islands. Thymbra
ciliata, Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 10. t. 122. An elegant much branch-
ed shrub. Heads of flowers ovate, cylindrical. Bracteas pur-
plish. Teeth of calyx ciliated : lower teeth the longest. Co-
rollas violaceous. Stamens scarcely longer than the corolla.
Ciliated Thyme. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub h to 1
foot.
t Species not sufficiently known, or doubtful,
26 T. pulche'llus (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 87.) stems
shrubby at the base, erect, pubescent on the angles ; leaves
quite glabrous, flat, oblong or linear, obtuse : lower ones ellip-
tic ; whorls spicately approximate ; teeth of the upper lip of
the calyx nearly equal, subulate ; stamens exserted. Jj . H.
Native of Caucasus, on gypsaceous hills at the river Anti-
ceta.
Neat Thyme. Shrub erect.
27 T. sERPYLLofoES (Bory, ann. gen. 3. p. 18.) stems fruti-
cose, procumbent ; leaves linear or lanceolate, obtuse, a little
ciliated at the base ; flowers capitate. Tj . H. Native of
Spain, on Sierra Nevada, among rocks. Allied to T. angustifo-
lius. There are varieties of this with white and purple flowers.
Serpyllum-like Thyme. Shrub procumbent.
28 T. Richa'rdi (Pers. ench. 2. p. 130.) flowers capitate ;
bracteas ovate, and are, as well as the calyxes, stiflP; leaves
broad-ovate, nerved beneath. Ti? . H. Native of the Balearic
Islands, Ant. Richard. Perhaps the same as Origanum Majori-
cum, Cambess.
Richard's Thyme. Shrub.
29 T. MULTiFLORUs (Pers. ench. 2. p. 131.) flowers axillary,
pedunculate ; peduncles many-flowered ; calyxes oblong, with
acute teeth ; leaves ovate, glabrous, having the veins promi-
nent beneath. Ij . ? H. Formerly cultivated in the garden of
Trianon, Persoon. Allied to Calamintha. Leaves dotted be-
neath.
Many-Jlowered Thyme. PI. ?
30 T. HiRsuTi'ssiMus (Poir. diet. 7. p. 650.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, nearly sessile, hairy ; spikes capitately verticillate ;
bracteas ciliately hairy. J? . T. Native of the Levant. Erect,
humble, much branched. Leaves small. Flowers disposed in
short spicate heads at the tops of the branches, dense, very vil-
lous. Bracteas lanceolate, equalling the flowers, ciliated. Co-
rolla purplish, rather longer than the calyx. Teeth of calyx
subulate, acuminated, rather spiny, nearly equal, ciliated. Per-
haps the same as Micromeria nervosa.
Very-hairy Thyme. Shrub | foot.
31 T. ALBICANS (Hoffm. et' Link, fl. port. t. 11.) flowers
LABIATE. XLII. Thymus. XLIII. Satureia.
ill
venicillately capitate, terminal and axillary ; leaves lanceolate,
white beneath ; calycine teeth nearly equal, subulate, ex Poir.
diet, suppl. 5. p. 305. Ij . H. Native of Portugal. Perhaps
the same as Micromer'm Grue'ca.
JV/utisli-\eaved Tiiyme. Slirub.
32 T. megapota'micus (Spreng. cur. post. p. 224.) stem erect,
herbaceous ; leaves linear, convolute, rough from dots ; pedun-
cles crowded, exceeding the leaves. Native of the South of
Brazil, at Rio Grande. Perhaps the same as Hedebma multi-
Jibra,
Rio Grande Thyme. PI. ?
33 T. longicau'lis (Presl, fl. sic. 37.) stems very long, creep-
ing, puberulous ; leaves cuneiform-oblong, obtuse, length of
calyxes, which are pubescent ; calycine teeth ciliated, subulate ;
anthers exserted. 7^. ? H. Native of Sicily.
Long-stemmed Thyme. PI. creeping.
34 T. jEoYPTrAcus (Bernh. ex Steud, nom. p. 835.) Notliing
is known of this plant but the name.
Egyptian Thyme. Shrub.
35 T. camphora'tus (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port.) f; . H. Na-
tive of Portugal.
Camphorated Tliyme. Shrub.
Cull. All the species of Thymus prefer a dry, light, sandy
soil, and an exposed situation. They are of easy culture
and propagation ; and are readily increased either by divisions
slips, cuttings, or seeds, as recommended for Thymus vulgaris, p.
767. Some of the more tender and rarer species should be
grown in pots, and placed among other Alpine plants, that they
may be sheltered from the frosts of winter.
XLIII. SATURETA (Ssatter is the Arabic name for all labi-
ate plants.) Lin. gen. no. 707. Schreb. gen. 90 1. Juss. gen.
p. 113. Benth. lab. p. 351.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanidate, 10-
nerved, equal, 5-toothed or obscurely-bilabiate ; throat naked in-
side, or furnished with a few hairs. Corolla having the tube
equalling the calyx and imbricating bracteas ; limb bilabiate ;
upper lip erect, flat, entire, or emarginate : lower one spreading,
tritid, with flat nearly equal lobes. Stamens 4, erectish, diverg-
ing : lower ones longer, exserted ; anthers 2-celled : cells paral-
lel or diverging. Style about equally bifid at top ; lobes subu-
late, stigmatiferous at apex. — Aromatic herbs or under shrubs.
Leaves small, quite entire, often fasciculate in the axils. Whorls
sometimes few-flowered, with short bracteas or without bracteas ;
sometimes many-flowered, or collected into heads, propped by
bracteas.
Sect. I. Sature'ia (see genus for derivation.) Benth. lab. p.
352. Whorls few-flowered ; bracteas small or wanting.
1 S. horte'nsis (Lin. spec. 795.) annual, erect, pubescent ;
whorls sub-seeund, remote, or the upper ones are somewhat spi-
cate. ©. H. Native of the .South of Europe; as of Spain,
South of France, Italy: it is also to be found in North America,
Cape of Good Hope, and in the Indiap Peninsida ; but has pro-
bably been introduced from Europe. Lam. ill. t. 504. f. 1. S.
viminea, Burm. fl. ind. p. 126. but not of Lin. — Sabb, hort. rom.
3. t. 70.— Blackw. icon, t- 419.— Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 17. f. 1.
Herb much branched, usually purplish. Leaves oblong-linear,
acute, entire. Whorls usually 6-flowcred. Bracteas linear, or
altogether abortive. Corolla pale red, scarcely exceeding the
calycine teeth. Stamens shorter than the lobes of the corolla.
Summer savory is raised from seed, being an annual. In
March or April sow either in small drills, 9 by 0 inches apart,
or on smoothed surfaces, and raked in lightly. The plants may
either remain to be thinned, or some may be transplanted in
June, 9 by 6 inches asunder. The herb comes in for gathering
from June to October. When a store is to be dried, draw it by
the roots. Abercrombie.
Garden or Summer Savory. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1052. PI.
I to 1 foot.
2 S. rupe'stris (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 130. icon. rar. 3.
t. 494.) siiffruticose ; branches ascending ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, glabrous, or rather cancscent ; racemes dense,
many-flowered, sub-secund ; teeth of calyx short, acutish. fj ,
H. Native of Carniola, Hungary, Croatia, Carinthia, Dalmatia,
&c., in dry rugged mountainous places. S. thymifolia. Scop. fl.
cam. ed. 2d. t. 29.? Calamintha rupestris, Host, fl. austr. 2. p.
131. Melissa alba, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 227. t.
205. Nepeta Croatica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 727. Nepeta pilmila,
Spreng. cent. spec. min. cogn. p. 29. Habit between Satureia
and Melissa. Leaves almost quite entire. Whorls many-flow-
ered, disposed in dense spikes or racemes. Bracteas minute.
Throat of calyx glabrous. Corolla white, 2-3 times longer than
the calyx, tinged with blue.
Roek Savory. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub 1 to li
foot.
3 S. monta'na (Lin. spec. 794.) sufFruticose, erect, glabrous,
or scabrously-pubescent ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, or the
lower ones are spatulate or cuneated ; whorls many-flowered,
loose, secund, approximating into spikes or racemes. h . H.
Native in the region of the Mediterranean, in arid, exposed
places, and on mountains ; in the Pyrenees, near Bagneres de
Luchon ; Spain, Portugal, North of Africa, South of France and
Germany, Greece, Italy, Naples, &c. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec.
6. p. 35. t. 543. S. trifida, Moench. meth. p. 386. S. subspi-
cata. Vis. spec. pi. dalm. 11. t. 4. S. Illyrica, Host, fl. austr. 2.
p. 133. S. varieg^ta. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 134. S. hyssopifolia,
Bert. ann. di stor. nat. 1829. fasc. 3. p. 406. Micromeria
montana, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 311. Micromeria pygmae'a,
Rchb. 1. c. S. pygnice'a, .Sieb. pi. exs. ex. Rclib. 1. c. Micro-
meria variegata, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 859. — Sab. hort. rom. 3.
t. 64. — Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 17. f- 3. Shrub erect or ascend-
ing, much branched. Branches beset with very short reflexed
hairs. Lower whovls rather remote. Corolla white or purplish,
more than twice as long as the calyx. Winter Savory, Suriette,
French, Saturei, Germ. Satureggia, Italian, was cultivated in
England in 1562; that is as far back as we have any printed
registers ; for there can be no doubt that this and summer savory,
with other pot-herbs, were much cultivated in far earlier times,
before the spices of the East Indies were known and in common
use. This kind of savory is generally propagated by slips or
cuttings of the young side shoots in April, May, and June, or
July, planted in a shady border and watered ; also by dividing at
the root. When the plants are a little advanced in branchy
growth, they may be transplanted. Set some in single plants a
foot apart ; others to form a close edging. In spring and autumn
loosen the earth a little about the plants, and trim off" decayed
and irregular parts. It continues useful for summer and winter ;
and some may be gathered, when of full growth, in autumn, to
dry for winter use.
Mountain or Winter Savory. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1562.
Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
4 S. mu'tica (Fisch et Meyer, ind. sem. hort, petesb. 1830. p.
49.) plant clothed with hoary pubescence ; stems erect, much
branched; branches twiggy: leaves oblong or almost linear;
cymes axillary, few-flowered ; bracteoles linear, much shorter
than the calyxes ; calyx bilabiate, with sub-linear mutic lobes,
the lower 2 the longest. h . H. Native of Caucasus, on the
Talusch Mountains^ in arid, stony places. Allied to S. montana,
but dirters in the segments of the calyx being mutic, and from
,S'. intermedia, in the stem being tall and erect, in the leaves being
narrower and distant, in the bracteoles being minute, &c.
5 F 2
772
LABIAT,€. XLIII. Satureia.
;t/u<;c-calyxe(l Savory. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1S36. Shrub
erect.
5 S. virga'ta (Vis. ex. pi. exs. un. itin. wurtemb. ex Bentli.
lab. p. 353.) suffruticose, hispidly-scabrous ; leaves oblong-
linear, acute ; whorls many-flowered, nearly equal, rather re-
mote, disposed in long twiggy racemes. I; . H. Native of
Dalmatia, Naples, &:c. Micromeria spicata, Rchb. fl. germ. exc.
p. 311. S. fasciculata, Tausch, in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p.
248.? but not of Biv. S. cuneifolia, Tenore, fl. nap. t. 151. f.
2. syll. p. 277. S. obovita, Lag. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 720.
This does not differ in any respect from S. montana, unless in
the inflorescence and hairiness ; the teeth of the calyx is also a
little shorter, and the flowers smaller. Racemes never beyond
a foot in length.
Tniggy Savory. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ?
C S. spiNosA (Lin. spec. 795.) suffruticose, erect, tortuosely-
branched ; branches tomentose, spinescent ; leaves oblong,
acute, glabrous ; whorls few, few-flowered. T^ . F. Native of
the Grecian Islands. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grEEC. 6. p. 36. t. 545.
Much branched. Branches short, all ending in spines. Leaves
shorter and broader than those of S. montana, and the flowers
smaller. Corollas purplish. ?
/SpMiy-branched Savory. Shrub i foot.
7 S. iNODORA (Salzm. pi. tang. exs. ex Benth. lab. p. 354.)
suftVuticose, diffuse, nearly glabrous, branches ascending ; leaves
linear-spatulate, obtuse, with ciliated edges : superior leaves
exceeding the flowers ; flowers few, nearly sessile ; calycine
teeth bluntish. h . F. Native near Tangiers, Salzmann. A
very distinct species, with the habit of Thymus anguitijdlius.
Branches scabrously-pubescent: branchlets short, densely clothed
with leaves at top. Throat of calyx naked inside.
Scentless Savory, Shrub difluse.
Sect. IL Tragoriganum (from rpayog, iragos, a goat, and
opiyayov, origanon, marjoram, goat's marjoram.) Benth. lab. p.
354. Whorls densely-globose, many-flowered, remote, propped
by bracteas. Calyx about equal in height to the tube of the
corolla.
8 S. Thy'mbra (Lin. spec. 794.) suffruticose, diffuse, sca-
brously hispid ; leaves oblong-linear, or the lower ones are obo-
vate-cuneated, acute ; whorls many-flowered, dense, nearly glo-
bose, all remote. tj . H. Native of the Grecian islands, and
the mountains of Syria and Palestine. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec.
G. p. 33. t. 541. Thymus tragoriganum, Lin. mant. p. 84. Sa-
tureia tragoriganum, Tausch. in svll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 248. —
Sab. hort. rom. 2. t. 71. — Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 17. f. 6. — Park,
theatr. 5. f. 4. — Barr. icon. rar. t. 898. Leaves more acute,
shorter and a little broader than those of .S'. montana. Whorls
20-40-flowered. Bracteas ovate, lanceolate, acute, adpressed,
equalling the calyxes, hispid from spreading pili, as well as the
calyxes. Teeth of calyx nearly equal, lanceolate-subulate. Co-
rollas smaller than those of S. montana.
Thymbra Savory. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1739. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
Sect. IIL Pychnothy'mus (from ttuxioc, ^njchnos, dense; and
Qvfioc, ilnjmos, thyme ; in reference to the dense heads of flowers.)
Benth. lab. p. 354. Whorls collected into an oblong head,
propped by bracteas. Calyx minute.
9 S. rIgida (Bartr. in herb. Banks ex Benth. lab. p. 354.)
suftVuticose, procumbent ; branches ascending, rather pilose at
top ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, with revolute margins ; whorls
collected into an oblong head ; bracteas imbricate, very villous ;
calyx very short, membranous. Ij . F. Native of Eastern Flo-
rida. Branches almost simple, numerous. Leaves sometimes
glabrous, and sometimes hispid. Bracteas a little coloured, lan-
ceolate, obtuse. Tube of corolla equalling the bracteas ; limb
like that of Pychndnthemum.
Stiff Savory, Shrub h foot.
•|" Doubtful species,
10 S. interme'dia (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 91.) plant clothed
with canescent pubescence ; stems diffuse, much branched,
shrubby at the base; leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish, a little
crenated ; cymes axillary, few-flowered ; bracteas nearly linear,
rather shorter than the calyxes ; calyx bilabiate, with linear-
lanceolate mutic lobes. ^^ . H. Native of Caucasus, in stony
places, near Suant. Leaves of S. Thymbra, and the calyxes
almost of S. montana.
Intermediate Savory. Shrub.
lis. SESSILIFLORA (Presl, fl. sic. p. 3G.) stem shrubby at the
base ; branches diffuse, clothed with velvety pubescence ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, dotted, scabrous above ; fasci-
cles of flowers sessile, disposed into an oblong, leafy spike ;
mouth of calyx ciliated, and the teeth ovate, erectly spreading ;
tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx, tj . H. Native of
Sicily.
Sessile-flonered Savory. Shrub diffuse.
12 S. hirsu'ta (Presl, del. prag. 79.) stems simple, hairy ;
hairs erectly spreading ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, hispid ; pedun-
cles axillary, short, 1-3-flowered ; bracteas about equal in length
to the calyxes. h.'iH. Native of Sicily. Perhaps referrible
to Micromeria microphylla or 31. Juliana.
Hairy Savory. Shrub. ?
13 S. parviflora (I'resl, fl. sic. p. 36.) stems suffruticose at
the base, villous ; leaves villous, ovate-lanceolate, twice the
length of the internodes ; fascicles of flowers sessile, 3-flowered,
disposed into a leafy spike ; bracteas numerous, setaceous ; teeth
of the calvx erect; tube of corolla exceeding the length of ca-
lyx. It . H. Native of Sicily.
Small-Jlon'ered Savory. Shrub.
14 S. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Presl, fl. sic. 3Q>.) stem suffruticose,
spreading, scabrously-pubescent, as well as the leaves ; leaves
oblong -lanceolate ; fascicles of flowers shorter than the leaves;
teeth of calyx erectly-spreading ; tube of corolla exceeding the
calyx a little, ij . H. Native of Sicily.
Narrow-leaved Savory. Shrub diffuse.
15 S. LONGiFLORA (Presl, fl. sic. p. 36.) stem suffruticose, dif-
fuse ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, canescent beneath ; fascicles of
flowers equal in length to the leaves ; teeth of calyx spreading ;
tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx. l^ . H. Native of
Sicily.
Long-Jlowered Savory. Shrub diffuse.
16 S. campane'lla (Ehrenb. naturg. reize, p. 13.) suffruticose;
branches pubescent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire,
rather hispid, nearly sessile ; cymes of flowers a little longer
than the leaves, bracteate ; calyx shortly campanulate, deeply
5-toothed. h . F. Native of the North of Africa, near Castel-
nuovo, Ehrenberg.
Small-bell calyxcd Savory. Shrub.
17 S. O'lla (Ehrenb. 1. c.) suffruticose; branches rather
bristly; leaves narrow-linear and lanceolate-linear, acute, se-
tosely hisjiid ; cymes of flowers hardly longer than the leaves,
bracteate ; calyx shortly campanulate, deeply 5-cleft. h . F.
Native along with the preceding. Habit almost of S. Thymbra,
but the leaves and flowers are larger.
Olla Savory. Shrub.
18 S. sca'bra (Presl, fl. sic. p. 36.) Tj.? H. Native of
Sicily. Thymus scaber. Presl, del. prag.
Scabrous Savory. Shrub.
19 S. GLOBiFERA (Dcsf. cx Steud. nom.) Nothing is known
of this plant but the name.
LABIATiE. XLIV. Hyssopus. XLV. Collinsonu.
773
Glohe-bcarliig Savory. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Thymus, p. 771.
XLIV. HYSSOTUS (Hyssopus, of Pliny; vaawwoe, of Di-
oscorides ; derived from the Hebrew name of Hyssop, ezob, or
the Arabic name axsof.) Benth. in hot. rcg. vol. 15. lab. p.
356. Hyssopus species, Lin. and other authors.
Lin. syst. Didynihnia, Gymnosperviia. Calyx tubular, 15-
nerved, equal, or with a somewhat oblique mouth ; teeth 5,
equal ; throat naked inside. Corolla having the tulie equalling
the calyx, bilabiate ; upper lip erect, flat, emarginate : lower lip
spreading trifid, middle lobe the largest. Stamens 4, exserted,
diverging, didynamous : lower ones the longest ; anthers 2-
celled : cells linear, divaricate. Style somewhat equally bifid at
top ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at apex. This genus differs
from all others belonging to the tribe Satureia in the calyx,
which is more allied to tribe Nepetece.
1 H. officina'lis (Lin. spec. 767.) fj . H. Native of the
South of Europe and Middle Asia ; South of France, Italy,
South of Germany, South of Russia ; Caucasus and the Altaian
Mountains. Woodv. med. bot. 181. t. 65. Jacq. austr. 3. t.
254 Riv. mon. irr. t. 68. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 79. Shrub
usually glabrous, diffuse, much branched. Corollas blueish pur-
ple, rarely white. Whorls 6-15-flowered, approximate into
terminal secund spikes, or the lower whorls are remote. Outer
bracteas lanceolate-linear, acute, scarcely shorter than the ca-
lyxes ; inner bracteas minute.
Var. a, laiijoims (Benth. lab. p. 357.) leaves elliptic, glabrous,
quaternately decussate, green. fj . H. H. Fisch^ri, Hortul.
H. alopecuroides, Fisch. ex Hortul. H. officinalis, P, decussa-
tus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 114. H. myrtifolius, Desf. hort. par.
Var. /3, indgarls (Benth. lab. p. 357.) leaves linear, lanceolate,
usually glabrous, green on both surfaces. Ij . H. H. officina-
lis, Lin. spec. 7C7. Jacq. fl. austr. 2. t. 254. Lam. ill. t. 502.
and other authors. H. ruber. Bernh.
Var. y, angustiJ'oUus (Benth. lab. p. 357.) leaves narrow, ob-
tuse, quite entire, with sub-revolute edges, narrowed more to the
base, green on both surfaces. I; . H. Native of Caucasus and
other places in Asia. H. angustifolius, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 38.
and 3. p. 389. H. Orientalis, Adam, ex Willd. enum. 2. p.
600. H. Caucasicus, Spreng. ex Steud. nom. ?
Var. c, canescens (Dl. fl. fr. suppl. 396. Benth. lab. p, 357.)
The whole plant is canescent from villi of pubescence. ^ . H.
Native of Switzerland and France, among tiie mountains. H.
Schleicheii, G. Don. in Loud. hort. brit. p. 233. H. officinalis,
Schleich. Corollas blue. This is an elegant plant when in
blossom.
The common hyssop, hysope, French, isop, Germ, and isopo,
Ital., has a strong aromatic flavour, and warm pimgent taste.
The leaves and young shoots are occasionally used as a pot-herb,
and the leafy tops and flower-spikes are cut, dried, and pre-
served for medicinal purposes. Its virtues depend entirely on an
essential oil, which rises in distillation both with water and with
alcohol. Besides the general virtues of an aromatic, its prepa-
rations were formerly recommended in humoral asthmas, coughs,
and other disorders of the breast and lungs, and were said to
promote expectoration. There are several varieties of hyssop
cultivated, as the white and red-flowered ; but the blue-flowered
is the original colour, and most commonly cultivated.
Common or Officinal Hyssop. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1548.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cull. Hyssop is raised from seed, by slips and cuttings of the
branches, and by dividing the plant at the root. It likes a dry,
sandy soil. When it is propagated by seed, sow in March or
April a small portion either broad-cast and raked in, or in small
drills 6 inches apart. The plants may mostly be transplanted
into final beds in June or July, 9 inches apart, or some may be
planted as an edging, or you may also sow some seed for an
edging, to remain where sown. Give the edgings occasional
trimmings in their established growth, cutting away also any de-
cayed flower-spikes in autumn. You may take rooted oflfsets
from established plants in March, April, August, or September ;
cuttings from the stalks in April and May ; also cuttings of the
young shoots in June and July. After May shade for a time, or
plant in a shady border. If for culinary purposes the distance
from plant to plant may be nine inches ; in the pliysic garden
1-8 inches or 2 feet. Water at planting, and twice or thrice a
w-eek in dry weather till rooted.
XLV. COLLINSO'NIA (named by Linnaeus in honour of
Peter Collinson, F. R. S., a most distinguished promoter of
botanical studies, and the first who introduced this plant, among
many others, to the English gardens. Miller ) Lin. gen. no. 40.
Schreb. gen. no. 51. Ga;rtn. fruct. p. 317. t. 66. Juss. gen.
p. 112. ed. Usteri, p. 125. Benth. lab. p. 357.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Fructit'erous calyx decli-
nate, ovate, 10-nerved ; throat almost naked inside; limb
bilabiate ; upper lip truncate, flattish, tridentate : lower lip
bifid. Corolla exserted, sub-campanulate ; tube a little ex-
serted; throat widened; limb sub-bilabiate, the 4 superior
lobes nearly equal : the lower lobe usually the longest, decli-
nate, flattish, toothed or lacerately fringed. Stamens 2 or 4,
divaricate, much exserted : upper ones the shortest, or alto-
gether abortive ; anthers 2-celled : cells divaricate, often conflu-
ent. Style about equally bifid at top ; stigmas minute, termi-
nal. Achenia dry and smooth. — Strong-scented herbs, with the
habit almost of Plectrdnthus, Section Germunea. Cauline leaves
large, but the floral leaves are small and bractea-formed. Flowers
pedicellate, solitary ; pedicels opposite, disposed in simple but
usually panitulately-branched racemes. Calyx small, in the flo-
riferous state, but increasing much to the fructiferous state. Co-
rollas yellow, or yellowish purple.
1 C. Canade'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 30. hort. cliff. 14. t. 5.) stems
almost glabrous ; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, rounded at
the base, sub-cordate, or rarely cuneated, glabrous ; panicles
elongated, loose, inany-flowered ; flowers diandrous. %. H.
Native from Canada to Carolina, among rocks and stones, in
woods. C. decussata, Mcench, meth. p. 379. C. ovalis, Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 21. C. ciineata, Wender. schrift. nat. ges.
marb. ? Stem branched, glabrous or a little downy. Leaves am-
ple, glabrous, or minutely-glandular, serrately-crenated. Corolla
yellow, 4 times longer than the floriferous calyx.
Mr. Bartram was the first who discovered this plant, and sent
it to Europe. It has a peculiar scent, which is agreeable but
very strong. It is reputed to be an excellent remedy against
pains in the limbs and a cold, if the parts attlcted be rubbed
with it : a decoction of it is also said to have cured the bite of
the rattle-snake. In the States they call the plant horse-weed,
because the horses eat it in the spring before any other plant
comes up.
Ca«a(/;«n CoUinsonia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1734. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
2 C: TUBEROSA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 17.) leaves some-
what rhomboid-oval, acute, cuneated at the base ; panicles elon-
gated, loose, much branched, many-flowered ; flowers diandrous.
2/ . F. Native of Carolina, in shady, humid parts of woods. C.
serotina, Walt. fl. car. 65. ex Pursh. Stem almost terete at
bottom, branched. Leaves 1 \ inch long ; cauline ones opposite,
cordate. Calycine teeth setaceous, much longer than the tube.
Flowers much smaller than those of C. Canadensis.
Tubcrous-rooieA CoUinsonia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 to
U foot.
774
LABIATiE. XLV. Collinsonia. XLVI. Cunila.
3 C. scABRiu'scuLA (Ait. Iiovt. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 20.)
stems procumbent, almost glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acute, toothed, rounded at the base, glabrous or rather pilose
above, glabrous beneath ; racemes simple, axillary, and terminal ;
flowers diandrous. Tf. . H. Native of Carolina and Florida, and
at Jacksonville in Louisiana. C. scabra, Pers. ench. 1. p. 29.
Pursli. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 20. C. prse'cox, Walt. fl. car. p. C5.
Leaves hardly 2 inches long, smaller than the rest. Racemes
pubescent. Flowers one half smaller than those of C Canaden-
sis. Corollas reddish yellow, Pursh. Stems sometimes erect-
ish, and the racemes a little branched.
Eoughis/i Collinsonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1776. PI. proc.
4 C. puncta'ta (Elliott, bot. car. 1. p. 36.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, pubescent, and dotted be-
neath ; panicles compound ; stamens 4, the 2 upper ones sterile,
capitate, the 2 lower ones filiform, much exserted. % . F. Na-
tive of Carolina in boggy places, common. Root tuberous.
Stems scabrous, pubescent, branched at top. Leaves pubescent
above, and rather tomentose beneath. Corolla yellowish, downy
outside, and pilose inside.
Dotted Collinsonia. PI. 2 to 6 feet.
5 C. verticilla'ta (Baldw. in Elliott, bot. car. 1. p. 36.)
stem glabrous and naked at the base, clothed with clammy pu-
bescence above ; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, roundly-cune-
ated at the base, a))proximating by twin pairs, and therefore
falsely verticillate ; raceme loose, almost simple ; flowers tetran-
drous. 1/ . F. Native of Georgia. Herb almost simple. Leaves
large, more narrowed at the base than in C. Canadensis. Lower
whorls 6-flowered; upper ones 2-flowered. Corolla 3 times
longer than the calyx, downy outside. Stamens nearly equal, 2
ascending and 2 declinate.
WliorledAe&veA Collinsonia. PI. 1 foot.
6 C. anisat'a (Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 21.) leaves FIG. 79.
broad-ovate, a little toothed,
roundly-truncate at the base,
wrinkled, pubescent on the
nerves beneath, and on the
stems ; panicle dense ; flowers
tetrandrous. 1/ . F. Native of
Georgia, on the mountains, Ly-
on. Sims. bot. mag. 1213.
Stem a little branched, rufes-
cent, clothed with clammy pu-
bescence. Leaves shorter than
in C. Canadensis. Corollas
size of those of C. Canadensis,
pale yellow, glabrous outside.
//)»'s(?-scented Collinsonia. Fl.
Sept. Oct. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
Cult. The species are generally strong coarse plants, of no
beauty. They grow well in common garden soil, but prefer
peat, and a moist situation ; and they are readily increased by
dividing at the root in spring. All of them, except C. Cana-
densis, req\iire protection in severe frosts, by covering them over
with haulm of other herbs, or by mulching them with horse lilter.
XLVL CUNTLA (The name of a plant in Pliny, koviX?) of
Nicander ; supposed to be derived from kucoc, Jconos, a cone, be-
cause the flowers grow in heads resembling a cone.) Benth. lab.
p. 360. Cunila, species of Lin. and other authors. Ziziphora
species, Roem. et Schultes.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx about 13-nerved,
ovate-tubular, equal, 5-toothed ; throat villous inside. Corolla
having the tube equalling the calvx, naked inside, and the limb
r
bilabiate ; upper lip erect, flattish, usually emarginate ; lower
lip spreading trifid, with nearly equal entire lobes, the middle
lobe rather the largest and emarginate. Stamens 2, erect, ex-
serted, without any rudiments of the upper 2 ; filaments glabrous,
toothless ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel, or at length divari-
cate. Style shortly bifid at apex ; lobes nearly equal, subulate,
minutely stigmatiferous at top. Achenia dry, smooth. — -Herbs,
shrubs, and under shrubs. Whorls sometimes loosely corymbose ;
sometimes axillary and few-flowered, much shorter than the
leaves ; sometimes densely many-flowered, approximating into
terminal spikes or heads. Flowers small, white, or purplish.
Corolla usually villous inside ; lower lip dotted.
1 C. mabia'na (Lin. spec. 30.) herbaceous ; leaves nearly ses-
sile, ovate, serrated, cordate at the base : floral ones almost
similar : lower ones exceeding the flowers ; cymes pedunculate,
loosely corymbose. 1/ . F. Native from Canada to Carolina,
on dry mountains. Sweet fl. gard. 3. t. 243. Ziziphora Ma-
riana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 208. Satureiaoriganoides,
Lin. spec. ed. 1st, p. 568. — Mor. hist. 413. sect. 11. t. 19. f. 7.
■ — Pluck, mant. t. 344. f. 1. Herb branched; branches short,
glabrous, but pubescent at the nodi. Whorls few. Cymes
forked on both sides. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx,
pubescent inside, red.
Mariane Cunila. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 foot. ?
2 C. iNcisA (Benth. lab. p. 361.) shrubby ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-rhomboid, coarsely and deeply serrated, quite entire at the
base, cuneated : floral leaves conform to the others, exceeding
the flowers ; cymes small, pedunculate, sessile, sub-capitate. ^ .
F. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Shrub, much branched,
densely leafy ; branches pubescent. Leaves glabrous, glandular,
Corolla pubescent inside.
Ci(<-leaved Cunila. Shrub.
3 C. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 361.) shrubby, glabrous;
leaves on short petioles, elliptic-linear, quite entire or serrated :
floral leaves conform, exceeding the flowers ; whorls loose, few-
flowered ; flowers minute. V^ . F. Native of the South of Bra-
zil, Sello. Shrub densely leafy, with glabrous branches. Leaves
glabrous, minutely glandular. Corolla pubescent inside.
Narrow-leaved Cunila. Shrub.
4 C. inca'na (Benth. lab. p. 361.) shrubby; leaves on short
petioles, ovate-oblong or obovate, obtuse, quite entire, clothed
with hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; floral leaves similar to
the others, exceeding the flowers ; whorls 2-6-flowered. ^2 . F.
Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Habit of Micromcria obo-
vata. Corolla downy outside.
Hoary Cunila. Slirub.
5 C. leuca'ntha (Benth. lab. p. 361.) herbaceous, glabrous ;
leaves on short petioles, ovate-oblong, quite entire, rounded at
the base ; cymes scarcely pedunculate, rather loose, many-flow-
ered. 11 . F. Native of Mexico. Stems erect, many from the
same root. Leaves furnished with minute yellow resinous dots.
Whorls loose: lower ones remote, 16-20-flovvered. Pedicels
and calyxes pubescent. Corollas white, pilose outside.
Wliite-Jlo7vered Cunila. PL
6 C. POLYANTHA (Benth. lab. p, 362.) herbaceous; stem
erect, pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, sub-serrated,
rounded at the base ; whorls loose, many-flowered, disposed in
long racemes. % , F. Native of Mexico, Berlandier. Leaves
downy. Whorls 40-50-flowered. Branches of cymes divari-
cately dichotonious. Corolla white, size of those of C. Mariana.
Many-Jlowered Cunila. PI. 1 to I5 foot.
7 C. LYTHRiFOLiA (Benth. bot. reg. vol. 1.5. lab. p. 362.)
herbaceous ; stem erect, pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
serrated ; whorls dense, many-flowered, spicate : lower ones
distinct; calyxes very villous. If.. F. Native of Mexico, near
Real del Monte. Leaves I5 to 2 inches long, pubescent from
LABIATE. XLVI. Cunila. XLVII. Hedeoma.
short tomentum, as well as the branches. Corollas similar to
C. Mariana.
Luosestrije-leaved Cunila. PI. 1 to 1|^ foot.
8 C. sTRi'cTA (Bentli. lab. p. 362.) herbaceous ; stem erect,
strict ; leaves linear, obtuse, quite entire, stiff; whorls dense,
many-flowered, approximate into a terminal spike, which is in-
terrupted at the base. 1/ . F. Native of Brazil, in marshes
near RicaA de Senelon ; also in the Missions of the Uruguay,
St. Hil. Habit of Keit/iia. Plant quite glabrous. Leaves 1
to li inch long, glandular. Floral leaves bractea-formed,
ciliated. Corolla white, having the lower lip dotted with
purple.
Strict Cunila. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 C. spica'ta (Benth. lab. p. 362.) herbaceous, procumbent ;
branches villous ; leaves on short petioles, obovate-oblong, ob-
tuse, remotely serrated, narrowed at the base ; whorls densely
many-flowered, approximating into terminal spikes. 1^ . F.
Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Stem beset with simple
subfasciculate villi. Leaves scarcely | an inch long, subfasci-
culate in the axils while young, clothed with adpressed pili
above, and glandular beneath, and ciliated on the nerves with
long hairs. Lower whorls remote. Calyxes ciliated. Tube of
corolla villous inside.
Spiked-{\ov/ered Cunila. PI. procumbent.
10 C. MENTHofDES (Benth. lab. p. 363.) herbaceous, pro-
cumbent ; branches villous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, ob-
tuse, scarcely crenated, rounded at the base ; whorls densely
many-flowered, distinct, or the upper ones are approximate. 1^.
F. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Leaves ^ an inch,
downy above, glandular on both surfaces, ciliated on the nerves
beneath. Corolla villous inside.
Mint-like Cunila. PI. procumbent.
1 1 C. GALiof DES (Benth. lab. p. S&'i.) suffruticose, procum-
bent ; leaves small, fascicled, lanceolate, bluntish, quite entire,
whorls many-flowered, dense, approximate into an elongated
spike, which is a little interrupted at the base. ^2 • F.
Native of Brazil, in fields and marshes in the province of
St. Paul, from Castro to Curitiba, St. Hil. ; South of Brazil,
Sello. Branches pubescent, and upper surfaces of leaves.
Leaves 2-3 lines long, glabrous and glandular beneath. Corolla
pale blue, pubescent outside, twice as long as the calyx ; throat
villous inside.
Galium-like Cunila. Shrub procumbent.
12 C. fascicula'ta (Benth. lab. p. 363.) suffruticose, pro-
cumbent ; branches pilosely hispid ; leaves nearly sessile, fasci-
cled, oblong, obtuse, quite entire, with revolute edges, hispid on
both surfaces ; whorls dense, many-flowered, collected into ovoid
terminal heads. Ij . F. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello.
Inner bracteas linear, striated, ciliated. Corolla downy out-
side, and villous inside.
/•ascicZt d-leaved Cunila. Shrub procumbent.
13 C. microce'phala (Benth. lab. p. 364.) procumbent ;
branches sca-cely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblong or obo-
vate, obtuse, quite entire, or subsinuately serrated, narrowed at
the base, glabrous, flat; whorls dense, many-flowered, forming
small, globose, nearly terminal heads. 11 . G. Native of the
South of Brazil and Peru. Stems much branched. Leaves
distant, subfasciculate in the axils, glandular beneath. Corolla
white : throat villous inside.
Small-headed Cunila. PI. procumbent.
l* C. verticilla'ta (Moench, ex Steud. nom. p. 899.) this
plant is entirely unknown at the present day. Ziziphora verti-
cillata, Steud. nom.
Whorled Cunila. PI. ?
Cult. A light rich soil is the best for these plants ; and the
species may either be increased by cuttings, seeds, or by divid-
ing at the root. All of ihem require protection in winter.
Tribe V.
MELISSI'NEiE (the genera contained in this tribe a^ree
with Melissa in the characters given below.) Btnth. lab. p.
3G5. Calyx 13, rarely 10-nerved, 5-toothed, bilabiate, rarely
equal; upper lip tridentate ; lower lip bifid. Tube of corolla
exserted, rarely inclosed, exannulate inside ; limb bilabiate :
upper lip straight, entire, or emarginately-bifid, flattish, rarely
galeate : lower lip spreading, with flat, nearly equal lobes, or
the middle lobe is generally the broadest, entire or emarginate.
Stamens ascending, didynamous ; superior ones the shortest,
and sometimes abortive.
XLVn. HEDEOWIA (a Greek name for Mint.) Pers.
ench. 2. p. 134. Benth. lab. p. 365. Cunila species of Lin.
Ziziphora species of Roem. et Schultes.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Caly-^c ovate-tubular,
somewhat gibbous below at the base, 13-striped, bilabiate ;
upper lip tridentate, or rather trifid : lower lip bifid ; throat
villous inside. Tube of corolla equalling the calyx, or a little
exserted ; limb bilabiate : upper lip erect, entire, emarginate or
almost bifid, flat : lower lip spreading, trifid, with nearly equal
lobes, or the middle lobe is rather the broadest, entire, or emar-
ginate. Stamens 2, fertile, ascending ; anthers 2-celled : cells
diverging or divaricate ; rudiments of the two upper stamens
wanting or sterile, short, subulate, and capitate. Lobes of
style nearly equal, or the lower one is elongated, or a little flat-
tened, stigmatiferous at top and margin, involving the upper
one at the base, which is very short. Achenia dry, smooth. —
Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves small, quite entire, or a little
toothed. VVhorls loose, few-flowered, axillary, approximating
into terminal racemes.
Sect. L Mosla (the Nipalese name of H. Nepalensis.)
Benth. lab. p. 366. Calyx ovate ; upper lip spreading, flat-
tish, shortly tridentate. — Herbs, with toothed leaves.
1 H. Nepale'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 366.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, almost glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, nar-
rowed at both ends, serrated, flat, nearly glabrous ; floral leaves
small ; whorls 2-flowered, secund, loosely racemose. 0. ? H.
Native of the Himalaya, Deyra Dhoon, and Cashmere. Cunila
Nepalensis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 107. Lycopus dianthera,
Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 145. Melissa Nepalensis, Bentli. in Wall,
pi rar. asiat. 1. p. QQ. Mosla ocymoides, Hamilt. mss. Cu-
nila Buchanani, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 54. Stem roughish on the
angles. Leaves | to 1 foot, green above, and paler beneath.
Corolla hardly equalling the calyx.
Nipaul Hedeoma. Pi. 1 to 3 feet.
2 H. PULEGiofDEs (Pers. ench. 2. p. 131.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, narrowed at
the base, subserrated, flat, pubescent ; floral leaves similar to
the others ; whorls axillary, 6-flowered ; corolla equalling the
calyx. 0. H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in dry fields,
and on the mountains. Melissa pulegioides, Lin. spec. ed. 1st.
p. 593. Cunila pulegioides, Lin. spec. p. 30. Ziziphora pule-
gioides, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 209. H&h'xi of Melissa
A'cinos. Leaves | an inch long. Corolla downy outside, bluish :
upper lip subemarginate. Rudiments of upper filaments short,
subulate, capitate. Lower lobe of style elongated.
Pennyroyal-like Hedeoma. PI. i foot.
3 H. PiPERfiA (Benth. lab. p. 73"o.) stem herbaceous, pubes-
776
LABIAT/E. XLVII. Hedeoma. XLVIII. Micromeeia,
cent ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate, obtuse, a little crenated,
rounded at the base, almost glabrous ; floral leaves almost simi-
lar to the others ; whorls axillary, about 6-flowered ; corolla ex-
ceeding the calyx. Tf.. G. Native of New Spain, Mo^ino et
Sesse. Cunila piperita, Moc. et Sesse, mss. Stem with a
perennial base, branched. Corollas purplish. Upper lobe of
style very short. Habit of Melissa, sect. A'cinos.
Pepper Hedeoma. PI. ?
Sect. II. HEDEtkMA (see genus for derivation.) Benth. lab.
p. 367. Calyx tubular, terete : teeth all subulate'.— Suffruticose
plants, with quite entire leaves.
4 H. Gillie'sii (Benth. lab. p. 367.) stem suffruticose, gla-
brous ; leaves nearly sessile, linear, obtuse, quite entire, nar-
rowed at the base, glabrous ; whorls 2-flowered ; corolla hardly
exceeding the calyx, which is glabrous. ^ • G. Native of
Chili, near Mendoza, at Cerro de Achiras. Leaves like those
of Thymus vulgaris, dotted, glandular, subfasciculate. Corolla
violaceous ; upper lip shortly emarginate : middle lobe of lower
lip entire. Lower lobe of style flattened, recurved : upper lobe
very short. Rudiments of sterile stamens short.
Gillies's Hedeoma. Shrub 5 to | foot.
5 H. polygaljEfolia (Benth. lab. p. 367.) stem suffruticose
at the base, much branched ; leaves numerous, sessile, ovate,
obtuse, quite entire, narrowed at the base, coriaceous, glabrous ;
flowers approximate at the tops of the branches; corolla half
as long again as the calyx, which is glabrous. h • G, Native
of the South of Brazil, Sello. Stems procumbent at the base,
densely tufted. Leaves doited. Corolla downy outside ; upper
lip emarginately bifid : lobes of lower lip entire. Lower lobe of
style subulate, involving the upper one at the base. Rudiments
of sterile stamens none.
M'llkwort-leavcd Hedeoma. Shrub 5 to g foot, tufted.
6 H. MULTiFLORA (Beutli. lab. p. 367.) stem suffruticose,
much branched at the base ; branches pubescent ; leaves nearly
sessile, linear, quite entire, with revolute margins, scabrous from
dots, shortly hispid ; whorls axillary, 2- 6-flowered ; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx, which is hispid. J2 • CJ.
Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Habit of Mkromeria
Grce'ca. Stems floriferous almost their whole length. Corolla
pubescent outside ; upper lip emarginate : middle lobe of lower
lip entire. Lower lobe of style subulate, involving the upper
one. Rudiments of sterile stamens wanting.
Mamj-JloKcrcd Hedeoma. Shrub \ foot.
7 H. Drummondi (Benth. lab. p. 368.) stem suffruticose,
much branched ; branches pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblong-
linear, quite entire; whorls 6-10-flowered ; corolla hardly ex-
ceeding the calyx, which is hispid. Ij . F. Native of Mexico,
at Monterey, in the province of Texas. Leaves | an inch long,
obtuse, pubescent. Corollas minute.
Drmnmond's Hedeoma. Shrub ^ to i foot.
8 H. Hi'spiDA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 414.) annual,
erect ; branches rather villous ; leaves sessile, linear, obtuse,
quite entire ; floral leaves conforming to the others, exceeding
the flowers ; whorls about G-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate-sub-
ulate, equalling the calyxes ; calyx ciliately hispid, deeply bila-
biate ; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx. G- H. Native
of North America, at the Missouri, Mississippi, and among the
Rocky Mountains. Cunila hlspida, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 5i.
Ziziphora hispida, Roem. et Sehultes, syst. mant. 1. p. 179.
Hedeoma hirta, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 16. Plant much branch-
ed, densely leafy. Leaves | an inch long, green. Whorls nu-
merous : upper ones approximate. Calyx gibbous at the base :
teeth awned.
Hispid Hedeoma. PI. 5 to | foot.
Cult. The annual species, like other half hardy annuals,
are reared on a hot-bed, and afterwards planted out into the
open ground about the end of May. The shrubs should be
grown in pots in light rich earth ; and they will be readily in-
creased by cuttings and seeds.
XLVnr. MICROMERIA (from /uapoc, mikros, small ; and
jueptc, metis, a part ; probably from the small parts of the
plants.) Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 368. — Satureia and
Thymus species of Lin. and other authors. — Sabbatia, Mcench.
metli. p. 386. but not of Pursh. — Piperella, Presl, fl. sic. ?
without cliaracter.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 13,
rarely somewhat lo-nerved, 5-toothed ; teeth nearly equal,
straight, or scarcely disposed into 2 lips ; throat usually villous
inside. Tube of corolla equal, straight, naked inside, usually
shorter than the calyx ; limb bilabiate : upper lip erect, flattish,
entire or emarginate; lower lip spreading, with flat, nearly equal
lobes, or tlie middle lobe is broadest, entire or emarginate.
Stamens 4, didynamous : lower ones the longest, ascending, ap-
proximating by pairs at the apex, rarely a little divergent ; fila-
ments toothless ; anthers free, 2-celled : connective usually
thickened ; cells distinct, parallel, diverging, or a little divari-
cate. Lobes of style sometimes equal, subulate, with minute,
terminal stigmas : sometimes the superior lobe is very short,
and the lower one elongated, recurved, and flattened, with a
stigmatiferous margin. Achenia dry, smooth. — Undershrubs or
herbs. Whorls axillary or spicate, rarely cyme-formed, subpa-
nicled. Flowers generally small, purplish or white. This
genus is nearly allied to Satureia and Melissa ; and differs from
the first by the nervation of the calyx and stamens ; and from
the last chiefly in the calyx, which is less bilabiate.
Sect. L Hesperothy'mus (from iavipog hesperos, the even-
ing ; and Ou/toc, thymos, thyme ; probably from their exhaling
a stronger scent in the evening.) Benth. lab. p. 371. Flowers
solitary, on axillary pedicels, 1-3 on both sides; pedicels longer
than the calyxes. Common peduncle wanting, rarely elongated.
— American herbs, having the leaves usually crenated.
1 M. glabe'lla (Benth. lab. p. 371.) glabrous ; stem herba-
ceous, erect, small ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear, obtuse, quite
entire ; whorls about 6-flowered ; pedicels elongated, naked ;
calyx sub-bilabiate : teeth all subulate : throat villous inside.
%. H. Native of North America ; in Canada ; near New York ;
and on rocks along the rivers St. Lawrence, Ohio, Tenessee, and
Mississippi. Cunila glabella, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 13.?
Hedeoma glabra, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 16. Ziziphora glabella,
Roem. et Schulles, syst. 1. p. 209. Stem stoloniferous at the
base. Upper lip of corolla, and middle segment of the lower
lip entire. Style about equally bifid. ?
Glabrous Micromeria. PI. small.
2 M. Arkansa'na (Benth. lab. p. 730.) stem branched; leaves
linear-lanceolate, serrated in front : upper ones quite entire ;
whorls about 4-flowered ; pedicels bibracteate at the base. 1/ .
H. Native of the Arkansas, Nuttal. Hedeoma Arkans^na,
Nutt. in trans, amer. phil. soc. n. s. 5. p. 186. Habit of it/.
glabella, with the scent of Pennyroyal. The whole plant is gla-
brous and glandular. Pedicels equalling the cylindrical calyxes ;
teeth of calyx setaceous. Corolla sub-campanulate, blue, with
a white palate.
Arkansas Micromeria. PI. ? to | foot.
3 M. bracteola'ta (Benth. lab. p. 371.) pubescent; stems
simple, slender ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
LABIATiE. XLVIII. Micromeria.
777
quite entire ; pedicels witli setaceous bracteoles, 3-5-flowereel ;
calyx oblong, equal ; corolla minute. %. H. Native of Caro-
lina, Nuttall. Hedeoma bracteoliita, Nutt. gen. amer. addenda.
Ziziphora bracteolata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. niant. 1. p. 179.
Bracleolate Micromeria. PI. 5 to | foot. ?
4 M. sTOLONiFERA (Bcntli. lab. p. 371.) stems herbaceous,
prostrate, radicant, glabrous ; leaves sessile, ovate-roundish,
obtuse, subcrenated, and somewhat cordate at the base, gla-
brous ; pedicels elongated, naked ; teeth of calyx ovate-lanceo-
late : throat villous inside. 7/ . F. Native of New Spain,
Mo^ino et Sesse. Nearly allied to M. Brownci ; but differs in
the more firm, acutely tetragonal stems, and broader sessile
leaves.
Stoloniferous Micromeria. PI. prostrate.
5 M. BRowNEi (Benth. lab. p. 372.) stems herbaceous,
prostrate, glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate-rounded, obtuse, a
little crenated, glabrous ; pedicels elongated, naked ; teeth of
calyx ovate-lanceolate: throat villous inside. '2^. F. Native
of Florida, Jamaica, Santa Fe de Bogota, and Brazil. Thymus
Brownei, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1011. prod. p. 89. Stems
usually creeping, and rooting at the base. Leaves truncate or
subcordate at the base. Whorls 2-flowered. Corollas pale
purple, small. Tube a little exserted.
Bronnes Micromeria. PI. prostrate.
6 M. Xalape'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 372.) stems herbaceous,
prostrate, pilose ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate, a little crenated,
ciliated ; pedicels elongated, naked ; teeth of calyx ovate-lanceo-
late : throat villous inside. 1/ . F. Native of Mexico, be-
tween Pilela and Xalapa, in humid places. Thymus Xalapensis,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 316. Allied to I\I. Brownci;
but differs in the nearly sessile leaves, which are ovate, not
rounded, and in the hairs of the stem being long and white ;
and from M. stolon'tfera, in the narrower pilose leaves.
Xalapa Micromeria. PI. prostrate.
7 M. Cunningha'mii (Benth. lab. p. 730.) stems herbaceous,
prostrate, finely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, rounded, almost
quite entire ; pedicels elongated, naked ; calyx hairy, with
ovate-lanceolate teeth, and a naked throat. %. F. Native of
New Zealand, on the west coast, at the river Mangamaka Hoki-
anga, Cunningham. Habit of M, Brotrnei. Teeth of calyx
villous inside, but the throat is naked. Tube of corolla in-
closed.
Cunningham's Micromeria. PI. prostrate.
8 M. Dougla'sii (Benth. lab. p. 372.) stems herbaceous,
prostrate ; leaves petiolate, ovate-rounded, obtuse, crenated,
roundedly truncate at the base, glabrous on both surfaces ; pe-
duncles elongated, bracteate at the base or middle ; teeth of
calyx subulate : throat naked inside. 1/ . F. Native of North
West America, at the river Columbia. Thymus Douglasii,
Benth. in Linnsea, 6. p. 80. Thymus Chamissonis, Benth. in
Linnaea, 6. p. 80. Branches very long, prostrate, creeping,
pubescent. Corolla purple, downy outside : upper lip eniar-
ginate ; and the middle lobe of lower lip entire. Lobes of style
unequal.
Douglas's Micromeria. PI. prostrate.
Sect. IL Pipere'lla (a dim. of Piper, pe])per.) Benth. lab.
p. 373. Flowers almost sessile, or collected into sessile or
peduncidate heads. Pedicels almost wanting, or shorter than
the calyxes. Whorls axillary or subspicate. — Undershrubs,
rarely herbs. Leaves quite entire, veiny, often hard ; floral
leaves almost similar to the cauline ones.
* Species natives of Europe and Africa.
9 M. Julia'na (Benth. lab. p. .'373.) pubescent, suffruticose;
VOL. IV.
branches erect, strict ; leaves sessile : lower ones ovate : upper
ones lanceolate-linear, all obtuse, and quite entire, with revolute
edges ; fascicles of flowers dense, on short peduncles ; bracteas
about equal in length to the sessile calyxes; calycine teeth subu-
late, stitr, hardly so long as the breadth of the tube : throat
naked inside. h . F. Native of the region of the Mediter-
ranean, on dry and stony hills ; as in Sicily, Naples, Dal-
matia, and several of the Grecian islands. Satureia Juliana,
Lin. spec. 793. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 32. t. 510.
Tenore, fl. nap. t. 151. f. 3. Sabbatia corymbosa, Moench.
meth. p. 386. — Ger. emac. 576. f. 3. — Park, theatr. 5. f. 3.—
Mor. hist. 3. p. 412. sect. 11. t. 17. f. 4. — Lob. icon. 245.
Stems procumbent, much branched. Corollas very minute,
pale red. Upper lobe of style the shortest. Plant with a
fragrant smell.
Var. ji, hirsuta (Benth. lab. p. 373.) hairy, hard, a foot high,
or more, a little branched. Tj . F. Native of Sicily. Satureia
Juliana, var. canescens, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 114. Satu-
reia hirsuta, Presl, del. prag. p. 79.
St. Julian's Micromeria. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1596. Shrub
1 to 1 foot.
10 M. Gr^e'ca (Benth. lab. p. 373.) pubescent ; branches
erect or ascending ; leaves sessile : lower ones ovate, obtuse :
superior ones lanceolate-linear, all quite entire, with revolute
margins ; fascicles of flowers loose, almost secund, pedunculate ;
bracteas, for the most part, one half shorter than the calyxes ;
calycine teeth subulate, longer than the breadth of the tube :
throat villous inside. ^ . F. Native of the region of the
Mediterranean, on dry stony hills ; as of Portugal, Spain, Cor-
sica, Italy, Naples, Sicily, Syria, and many of the Grecian
islands, &c. Satureia Graj'ca, Lin. spec. 794. Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. 6. p. 34. t. 542. Tenore, fl. nap. t. 151. f. 2. Satu-
reia micrantha, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 142. Thymus
hirtus, Russ. nat. hist. alep. 2. p. 256. Thymus micranthus,
Brot. phyt. p. 30. t. 13. — Alp. exot. 265. t. 264. — Mor. hist.
3. p. 411. sect. 11. t. 17. f. 2. This is a very variable plant.
Stem woody at the base, procumbent. Corolla exceeding the
calyxes a little, pale purple : upper lip shortly emarginate.
Lobes of style equal.
Far. ji, longifora (Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 117.) corolla
twice as long as the calyx. tj . F. Native of Sicily and Na-
ples. Satureia Consentina, Tenor, fl. nap. 3. p. 151. f. 9. syll.
p. 279. This is distinguished from the species by the greater
stature and larger flowers.
Var. y, densifora (Benth. lab. p. 373.) fascicles of flowers
more dense, and on shorter peduncles ; throat of calyx less vil-
lous inside. Tj . F. Satureia tenuifolia, Tenore, fl. nap. t. 151.
f. 4. prod. p. 33. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 115. Micromeria tenui-
folia, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 310. Satureia hirta, Host, fl.
austr. 2. p. 134. ? Thymus virgatus, Tenor, fl. nap. t. 155. f. 3.
syll. 296. Satureia congesta, Horn. hort. hafn. Spreng. syst.
2. p. 720.
Grecian Micromeria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub |
foot.
11 M. parviflora (Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 859.) almost gla-
brous ; branches erectish ; leaves sessile, all linear, quite entire,
with revolute margins ; peduncles equalling the leaves, loosely
3-flowered ; bracteas minute ; calycine teeth subulate : the
upper ones the broadest : throat villous inside. ^ . F. Native
of'Dalmati.T, on the confines near Albania, among the mountains
of Patrovitch. Satureia parviflora, Vis. pi. rar. dalm. in bot.
zeit. 1829. Satureia inodora, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 135. but not
ofSalzm. This is a very distinct species from M. Grceca; the
leaves are much narrower and glabrous ; the flowers are on long
pedicels, and fewer ; the form and length of the calycine teeth
are unequal.
5 G
778
LABIATiE. XLVIII. Micromeria.
Small flowered Micromeria. Shrub.
12 M. te'nuis (Benth. lab. p. 374. and 731.) suffruticose,
procumbent ; brandies ascending, clothed with floccose wool ;
leaves sessile, linear, acute, quite entire, with revolute margins,
woolly ; whorls 2-6-flowered ; calyxes sessile : teeth subulate,
stiff, longer than the breadth of the tube. Vi . F. Native of the
Canary Islands, on the mountains. Satureia tenuis. Link, in L.
de Buch, beschr. can. ins. p. 143. M. lanata, Benth. lab. p.
374. Floriferous branches densely leafy. Flowers usually soli-
tary, axillary, rather shorter than the floral leaves. Corolla
hardly exceeding the calycine teeth.
Slender Micromeria. Shrub procumbent.
13 M. LANA^TA (Benth. lab. p. 731.) suffruticose, procum-
bent ; branches ascending, clothed with floccose wool ; leaves
sessile, linear, obtuse, quite entire, with revolute margins,
woolly; whorls 6-10-flowered ; cymes pedunculate; calyxes
sessile : teeth short, soft, tonientose. >2 . F. Native of the
Canary Islands, on the mountains. Satureia lanata, Link, in L.
de Buch. beschr. can. ins. p. 143. M. tenuis, Benth. lab. p.
374. Very nearly allied to 31. tenuis.
Woolly Micromeria. Shrub procumbent.
14 M. vVria (Benth. lab. p. 374.) suffruticose, procumbent,
pubescent, or villous ; leaves sessile : lower ones ovate : upper
ones lanceolate, subfasciculate in the axils, all obtuse, with revo-
lute edges, rather canescent beneath ; flowers minute, sessile,
disposed in pedunculate or sessile fascicles ; bracteas minute ;
calyx tubular, pubescent, shorter than the floral leaves : throat
villous inside. Jj . F. Native of the Canary Islands, very
common. Satureia varia, Berth, et Webb, mss. Thymus
ericEefolius, Roth. cat. 2. p. 50. ex Willd. enum. 624. Thymus
inodorus, Benth. in Linnaea, 6. p. 77. but not of Desf Satu-
reia thymoides, Lowe, prim. fl. mader. p. 19. Stems much
branched. Calyx often purplish. Corolla purplish, hardly ex-
ceeding the calyx.
Various Micromeria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. pro-
cumbent.
15 M. approxima'ta (Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 859.) suffruti-
cose, procumbent, pubescent, or villous ; leaves sessile, lanceo-
late ; superior leaves linear, somewhat fascicled, all bluntish,
with subrevolute edges ; flowers on short pedicels ; bracteas
equalling the pedicels ; calyx tubular, pubescent : throat vil-
lous inside. \} . F. Native of the region of the Mediterra-
nean, on dry hills ; as of Sicily, Naples, Albania. Satureia fas-
ciculata, Rafin. prec. p. 39. Satureia approximata, Biv. manip.
5. p. 13. Thymus fruticulosus, Bert, amoen. ital. p. 101. Very
nearly allied to M. varia ; but differs in the flowers being almost
twice the size ; and in the leaves being longer. Corolla purple,
twice as long as the calyx.
Apj]roximate-\ea\ed Micromeria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
Shrub procumbent.
16 M. iNODORA (Benth. lab. p. 375.) suffruticose ; branches
pubescent ; leaves sessile, very numerous, fascicled, small, lan-
ceolate, obtuse, with revolute edges, canescent, ciliated ; whorls
few-flowered ; flowers almost sessile, among the fascicles of the
leaves ; bracteas minute ; calyx tubular, almost glabrous : throat
villous inside. Tj . F. Native of Algiers, on arid hills, and
the Balearic Islands. Thymus inodorus, Desf. fl. all. 2. p. 30. t.
129. Shrub much branched, erect. Corolla purple, longer
than the calyx : lobes all obtuse, entire. This differs from M.
varia, in the stem being more erect ; in the leaves being smaller,
more numerous, and narrower. This is probably the same as
the preceding.
Scentless Micromeria. Shrub 1 foot.
17 M. DENSiFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 375.) suffruticose, diffuse,
glabrous ; branches short ; leaves approximate, sessile, lanceo-
late-linear, acute, with revolute margins ; floral leaves equalling
the calyxes ; whorls about 10-flowered, densely approximate
into ovate spikes ; calyxes sessile, tubular, almost glabrous,
having the throat villous inside, and the teeth lanceolate-subu-
late, erect, scarcely so long as the breadth of the tube. Jj . F.
Native of the Canary Islands, Broussonet. Habit of Thymus
Serpijllum, var. angustifblia. Leaves green above, and canes-
cent beneath. Calyx purplish. Corolla purple, a little longer
than the calyx, glabrous. Style almost equally bifid.
Dense-flowered Micromeria. Shrub diffuse.
18 M. Forbe'sii (Benth. lab. p. 376.) pubescent, suffruti-
cose, procumbent ; branches ascending ; leaves almost sessile,
ovate, obtuse, rounded. at the base, flat, or with subrevolute
edges, pubescent on both surfaces ; floral leaves exceeding the
flowers a little ; whorls dense, few-flowered ; calyxes almost
sessile, ovate-cylindrical : teeth short, setaceous, shorter than
the corolla : throat villous inside. ^ . F. Native of the
Island of St. Nicholas, one of tiie Cape Verds. This differs
from M. Teneriffee, in the pubescence, stronger branches,
larger, more numerous leaves, and shorter, almost sessile
calyxes.
Forhes's Micromeria. Shrub.
19 M. cane'scens (Guss. pi. rar. p. 228. t. 42. prod. fl. sic.
2. p. 120.) canescent from villi; stem slender; lower leaves
ovate : upper ones lanceolate-linear, acute ; peduncles axillary,
2-7-flowered, solitary or twin, rather secund ; bracteas short,
about equal in length to the pedicels ; calyx very villous. ^ .
F. Native of Sicily, on arid calcareous hills. Corolla purple.
Allied to M. Grce^ca.
Canescent Micromeria. Shrub 5 to 1 foot.
20 M. NERVOSA (Benth. lab. p. 376.) pubescent, suffruticose;
branches ascending ; leaves sessile, all ovate, acute, quite entire,
flat, or with rather revolute margins ; whorls many-flowered :
superior ones approximate ; fascicles of flowers loose, scarcely
pedunculate ; bracteas very short ; calyx pilose, with spreading
setaceous teeth : throat rather villous inside. Ij . F. Native
of the region of the Mediterranean, on dry arid hills, and in the
fissures of rocks ; as of Mount Atlas, South of Sicily ; Naples,
by the sea side ; Grecian Islands, and Lybia. Satureia nervosa,
Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 9. t. 121. f. 2. Satureia filiformis, Tenor,
prod, and marin. viag. bot. 1. p. 299. ex Tenore, syll. p. 279.
Thymus filiformis, Sieb. pi. cret. exs. but not of Lin. Thymus
Mastichina, Smith, prod, fl. graec. but not of Lin. Branches
simple. Corollas hardly longer than the calyx, red : upper lip
shortly emarginate.
Nerved Micromeria. Shrub 5 to 1 foot.
21 M. microphy'lla (Benth. lab. p. 377.) suffruticose, nearly
glabrous, pubescent, or villously canescent ; branches filiform ;
leaves small, ovate or oblong, obtuse, flat, or with subrevolute
margins; fascicles of flowers pedunculate, loose, many -flowered;
bracteas about equal in length to the pedicels ; calyxes ovate,
almost glabrous, or covered with short villi : throat rather vil-
lous inside. ^ . F. Native of the region of the Mediterra-
nean ; as in the fissures of rocks on Mount Atlas; Sicily, on
arid hills ; Naples, and Island of Melita. Stems decumbent.
Corollas purple.
Far. a, glabriuscula (Benth. lab. p. 877.) small, pale green,
nearly all glabrous. fj . F. Satureia microphylla, var, a,
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 120. Thymus Teneriffae, Hortul. but
not of Pers. Satureia Teneriflfae, Link, enum. 2. p. 101.
Var. ft, viUosa (Benth. lab. p. 377.) plant firmer, often pur-
plish or canescent ; stems and calyxes villous. >; . F. Satu-
reia microphylla, b. c. d. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 120, 121.
Thymus microphyllus, D'Urv. enum. in mem. soc. Lin. par.
327. Satureia filiformis, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 8. t. 121. f. 1. ?
Small-leaved M\c\-omc\\a. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Shrub i
to 1 foot.
LABIATyE. XLVIII. Micromeria.
779
22 M.ovATA (Benth. lab. p. 377.) siiffVuticose, procumbent ;
branches ascending, villous ; leaves sessile, ovate, bluntish, sub-
cordate at the base, with revolute edges, pubescent on both sur-
faces ; floral leaves shorter than the peduncles, or the upper
ones are longer ; fascicles of flowers pedunculate, loose ; teeth
of calyx setaceous ; throat of calyx villous inside. '; . F.
Native of Abyssinia, Salt. Satureia oviita, R. Br. in append,
to Salt, abyss. Allied to M. Forbesii and M. microphylla ; it
differs from the first in the branches being more slender ; in the
flowers being smaller ; and in the fascicles being pedunculate ;
and from the latter, in the leaves being broader at the base ; in
the margins being very revolute, and in the floral leaves being
narrower.
Ora?e-leaved Micromeria. Shrub procumbent.
23 M. FiLiFORMis (Benth. lab. 378.) suffruticose, diflTuse,
glabrous ; branches filiform ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate : lower
ones cordate : superior ones rounded at the base, all bluntish,
and quite entire, flat ; whorls about 2-flowered ; pedicels mi-
nutely bracteate at the base, about equal in length to the calyxes ;
calyx tubular, declinate, or nutant : teeth subulate, rather shorter
than the corolla : throat rather villous inside. Tj . F. Native
of the region of the Mediterranean ; as of Spain and the Balea-
ric Islands. Thymus filiformis, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 313.
Piperella filiformis, Presl, fl. sic. p. SQ. Cunila thymoides. Go-
wan, herb, ex Benth. Habit of VT/. microphylla, but the branches
are more slender and the leaves more remote. Leaves generally
purplish. Corollas purplish. Style about equally bifid.
Filiform Micromeria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1770. Shrub
diffuse.
24 M. puncta'ta (Benth. lab. p. 378.) suffruticose, branches
elongated, slender, finely pubescent ; leaves nearly sessile : lower
ones ovate, acute : superior ones oblong, obtuse, narrowed at
the base, with scarcely revolute edges : uppermost leaves about
equalling the flowers ; fascicles of flowers on short peduncles ;
bracteas minute ; calyxes sessile, nearly glabrous, small, ovate,
cylindrical, with short setaceous teeth : throat villous inside.
y . F. Native of Abyssinia, Salt. Satureia punctata, R. Br. in
append, to Salt, abyss. Habit of 71/. Grceca, with the flowers
of M. Tenerlffce. Leaves distant. Peduncles 3-6-flowered.
Dotted Micromeria. Shrub.
25 M. Teneriff.i; (Benth. lab. p. 378.) suffruticose, diflTuse,
almost glabrous ; branches stiff", slender, pubescent above ;
leaves sessile, ovate, acute, rigid, glabrous, flat : lower ones
broader and somewhat plicate : superior ones almost lanceolate,
about equal in length to the flowers ; fascicles of flowers dense,
on short peduncles ; bracteas very short ; calyxes sessile, pu-
bescent, cylindrical : teeth setaceous, about equal in length to
the corolla : throat villous inside. Ij . F. Native of Teneriffe,
plentiful. Thymus Teneriffae, Poir. diet. 7. p. 650. Thymus
terebinthinaceus, Willd. enum. p. 624. Allied to M. micro-
jihylla, but differs in the branches being elongated and woody,
and in the leaves being more acute, stifTer, and longer ; in the
flowers being sessile, and in the calyx being elongated and more
slender. Corollas small, purple.
Teneriffe Micromeria. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
26 M. BiFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 378.) suffruticose, much
branched, tufted ; branches ascending, pubescent or pilose ;
leaves sessile, ovate, acute, flat, with sub-revolute edges, stiff",
glabrous, rather cordate at the base : superior ones shorter than
the flowers ; whorls loosely few-flowered ; bracteas about equal
in length to the pedicels ; calyxes pedicellate, sub-secund, finely
pubescent, or rather pilose : throat villous inside. V^ . F. Native
of Nipaul and Kamaon, Wall ; Mussooree, Royle ; Nielgherri,
Wight. Thymus biflorus, Hamilt. in D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p.
112. Stems densely branched at the base; branches densely
leafy. Corolla half as long again as the calyx : upper lip emar-
ginate. Lobes of style nearly equal. Hardly diff'ering from TV/.
Teneriffa;, unless in habit, and in the larger, stiff'er leaves.
Tn'o-Jioivered Micromeria. Shrub ' foot.
27 M. subcorda'ta (Vis. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 379.) suff"ru-
ticose ; branches short, erectish, nearly simple, pubescent ; leaves
sessile, flat, broad-ovate, obtuse, broadly and truncately cordate
at the base : floral leaves narrower ; fascicles of flowers secund ;
peduncles few-flowered ; calyx cylindrical, pubescent, with subu-
late teeth and a naked throat ; corollas exserted. V^ . F. Na-
tive of Dalmatia. Stems many, woody at the base ; erect or
procumbent at the base. Bracteas short, lanceolate. Corolla
equal in length to the calycine teeth.
Subcordate-\e!LveA Micromeria. PI. J to | foot.
28 M. piperella (Benth. lab. p. 379.) suff"ruticose, branches
ascending, pubescent ; leaves sessile, broad-ovate, obtuse, rounded
or sub-cordate at the base, glabrous on both surfaces : upper
leaves oblong, small ; fascicles of flowers loose, pedunculate, se-
cund, few-flowered ; bracteas small, oblong ; calyxes nearly ses-
sile, tubular, pubescent, with subulate teeth, the 3 superior teeth
spreading ; throat naked inside. Tj . F. Native of the South
of Europe ; as of Piedmont, and Croatia. Thymus piperella.
All. ped. 1. p. 21. t 37. f. 3. bad. Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar.
hung. 2. p. 169. t. 156. but not of Lin. Thymus marginatus.
Smith, in Dicks, pi. sic. no. 71. Thymus Croaticus, Pers. ench.
2. p. 130. Calamintha Croatica, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 132.
Branches herbaceous. Whorls remote. Peduncles 3-5-flowered.
Calyx and Corolla purplish and pubescent.
Small Peppermint iNlicromeria. Shrub \ foot.
29 M. Forskce'lii (Benth. lab. p. 379.) stems decumbent,
imbricate ; leaves ovate, acute ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile.
fj . F. Native of Kurma, Forsk. Thymus imbricatus, Forsk.
fl. £egypt. p. 108. Calyx striated, having the throat closed widi
villi, 5-toothed. Flowers red. Leaves ciliated on the keels, ex
Benth.
ForshoeVs Micromeria. Shrub procumbent.
30 M. Sina'ica (Benth. lab. p. 380.) suflfruticose ; branches
elongated, almost simple ; leaves almost sessile, ovate, flat, or
with revolute edges : superior ones exceeding the flowers ; fas-
cicles of flowers dense, scarcely pedunculate ; calyxes almost
sessile, ovate, with short setaceous teeth ; corollas minute. fj .
F. Native of .Arabia, among rocks, in the desert of Sinai, Bove.
Habit of 71/. GrcEca, but is distinguished from it by the leaves,
dense whorls, and small ovate calyxes. Leaves remote. Whorls
12-30-flo wared, all remote. Flowers smaller than in any other
species.
Sinai Micromeria. Shrub | to 1 foot. ?
* * Species natives of Australia.
31 M. SATUREioiDES (Benth. lab. p. 380.) glabrous; stems
erect, branched ; leaves nearly sessile, rather elliptic or lanceo-
late, obtuse, flat; whorls loose, 3-10-flowered ; calyxes finely
pubescent, cylindrical, with short lanceolate teeth, and with the
throat villous inside ; corollas scarcely exceeding the calyxes.
Jj . ? F. Native of New Holland, at Lake George, Cunningh. ;
about Port Jackson, R. Br. Mentha satureioides, R. Br. prod. p.
505. ? Stems slender, rooting at the base. Flowers on short
pedicels, i-5 in each fascicle. Bracteas scarcely equalling the
pedicels.
Savory-like Micromeria. Shrub \ to | foot.
32 M. Austra'lis (Benth. lab. p. 380.) stems ascending, witli
marginate scabrous angles ; leaves lanceolate ; calyxes tomen-
tose : teeth obsoletely bearded inside at the base ; flowers verti-
cillate ; stamens exserted ; superior lip of corolla 2-lobed. Tj . ?
F. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of
Van Diemen's Land. Mentha austrMis, R. Br. prod. p. 505.
Southern Micromeria. Shrub. ?
5 G 2
780
LABIATE. XLVIII. Micromeria. XLIX. Melissa.
33 M. ? gra'cilis (Bentli. lab. p. 830.) glabrous, or clothed
with fine down, pale green ; stems erect ; leaves on short pe-
tioles, ovate, or the superior ones are ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
flat ; whorls about 6-flowerecl ; calyxes pubescent, cylindrically
campanulate, with lanceolate, acute teeth, which are shorter than
the breadth of the tube, and the throat is naked inside ; corollas
scarcely exceeding the calyxes. ^2 • ' F- Native of Van Diemen's
Land. Mentha gracilis, R. Br. prod. p. 505. ? but not of Smith.
Mentha Diemenica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 724. This differs prin-
cipally from M. satureioides in the broader bases of the leaves,
pubescence, and in the calyxes being larger and sessile, and in
the throat being naked inside. This species differs from the
characters of the genus in the stamens being distant and
straight, not ascending.
Slender Micromeria. Shrub. ?
* * * Species natives of America.
34 M. obova'ta (Benth. lab. p. 381.) stem shrubby, divari-
cate, much branched ; leaves obovate, obtuse, quite entire, nar-
rowed at the base, with revolute margins, wrinkled, canescent on
both surfaces ; flowers almost sessile. 1^ . S. Native of Ja-
maica. Satureia viminea, Lin. amcen. 5. p. 399. Swartz. obs.
p. 220. Satureia incana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 719. Zygis aro-
matica, Desv. in Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 46. Xenopoma
obovatum, Willd. ex Colla. hort. rip. p. 147. t. 25. Mentha
viminea, &c. Browne, jam. 258. Leaves half an inch long.
Corolla about twice as long as the calyx, whitish. Lower lobe
of style long and flattened.
Obovale-Xeaved Micromeria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1783.
Shrub 2 to 12 feet.
35 M. NUBiGENA (Benth. lab. p. 381.) procumbent, much
branched, hispid ; leaves small, petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse,
quite entire ; whorls 2-flowered ; flowers nearly sessile ; caly-
cine teeth nearly equal, acute, and the throat villous inside. Ij . ?
G. Native of Peru, in rugged places, on the burning mounts
Parace and Rucu-Pichincha, and at Surucucha. Thymus nubi-
genus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 316. Habit of Thymus
Serpyllum. Stems rather woody at the base. Branches pubes-
cent at the base. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx, pu-
bescent outside.
Cloud-growing Micromeria. Shrub procumbent.
30 M. Gillie'sii (Benth. lab. p. 381.) procumbent, finely
clothed with pubescence ; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse, quite
entire; whorls generally 2-flowered; flowers nearly sessile;
calycine teeth stiff, sub-revolute, and the throat rather villous
inside. Fj . F. Native of Chili, near Mendoza, Gillies. Whorls
rarely so much as 6 -flowered. Bracteas small, setaceous. Co-
rolla quite glabrous, scarcely longer than the calyx ; upper lip
emarginate. Lobes of style flattened, at length revolute.
GilUes's Micromeria. Shrub procumbent.
37 M. EoLiviANA (Benth. lab. p. 731.) glabrous or clothed
with fine down ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, obtuse or obovate,
quite entire, flat ; whorls few-flowered ; flowers nearly sessile ;
calycine teeth short, obtuse, erect, and the throat naked inside.
Tj . F. Native of Bolivia. Nearly allied to M. obovata, but
differs in the leaves being much smaller, flat, and in the calyxes
being shorter. Leaves greenish on both surfaces. Corolla
smaller than in M. obovala, scarcely half as long again as the
calyx.
Bolivia Micromeria. Shrub.
Sect. IIL Pseudomeli'ssa (\pevcoQ, pseudos, falsehood, and
fieXtaaa, melissa, a bee, also the name of balm.) Benth. lab. p.
383. Cymes of whorls elongated, pedunculate, sub-dichotomous.
Leaves often toothed. — European herbs. The species are pro-
bably referrible to the genus Melissa ex Benth.
38 M. pule'gium (Benth. lab. p. 382.) herbaceous, ascending,
pubescent i leaves petiolate, ovate, toothed, green on both sur-
faces ; racemes coarctate, secund ; cymes sub-dichotomous, few-
flowered ; teeth of calyx setaceous, nearly equal, and the throat
villous inside. 1/.? H. Native of Austria and Hungary. Me-
lissa Pulegium, Rochel, del. pi. rar. bannat. p. 62. t. 22. f. 8.
Calamintha origanifblia. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 120. Melissa sub-
nuda, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 296. t. 262. ? Cala-
mintha subnuda. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 130. Thymus subnudus,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 698. Stems erect, almost simple, hoary from
short reflexed pili. Calyx cylindrical. Corolla about twice as
long as the calyx, form of Satureia, purple. ?
Pennyroyal Micromeria. PI. ascending.
39 M. marifo'lia (Benth. lab. p. 382.) plant hoary, ascend-
ing ; leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, almost quite entire, canes-
cent above, and white beneath ; racemes loose, many-flowered ;
teeth of calyx obtuse, nearly equal : throat villous inside ; co-
rolla about twice as long as the calyx. Ij . F. Native of Por-
tugal, Spain, Syria, Tauria, Piedmont, &c., in dry rocky places.
Melissa fruticosa, Lin. spec. 828. Melissa Cretica, Lam. diet. 4.
p. 79. and of many authors, but not of Lin. Calamintha Cretica,
Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 395. Nepeta Cretica, Dietr. ex Steud. nom. p.
521. Thymus Creticus, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 564, but not of Brot.
Thymus Barrelieri, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 698. Melissa marifblia,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 132. Nepeta marifolia, Cav. icon. 6. p. 55. t.
576. Bystropogon marifolius, Juss. ex Steud. nom. p. 521,
Thymus marifolius, Willd. enum. 2. p. 624. Nepeta serpyllifo-
lia, Bieb. fl. eauc. 2. p. 40. cent. pi. ross. 1. t. 28. Nepeta par-
vifolia, Hortul. — Barr. icon. 1166. Corolla milk-coloured, spotted
with purple, more than twice as long as the calyx. Habit oi Me-
lissa, sect. Calamintha, but the calyx is altogether that of Micro-
meria.
Cat-thyme-leaved Micromeria, Fl. June, Sept. Cult. 1800.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The greater number of the species of Micromeria are
under-shrubs, very few herbaceous annuals. They are too ten-
der to stand the open air in this country ; they should therefore
be grown in pots, and placed among other Alpine plants, so that
they may be sheltered under glass in winter ; but they will grow
very well in summer on rockwork, and probably might survive
our milder winters in such a situation. A light, rich earth is the
best soil for them, and the pots should be well drained with
sherds. The seeds of annual kinds may be sown in the open
ground in April, in a warm, sheltered situation.
XLIX. MELI'SSA (from fieXiaaa, melissa, a bee ; from f-iiXt,
honey : bees are said to gather abundance of honey from this
plant.) Benth. lab. p. 383. Melissa Clinopodium and Thymus,
species of Lin. and other authors. Calamintha and A'cinos,
Mcench. and other authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 1 3-nerved,
usually striated, bilabiate ; upper lip generally spreading, triden-
tate : lower lip bifid ; tiiroat naked or villous inside. Tube of
corolla straight or incurvedly ascending, naked inside, usually
exserted ; throat generally inflated ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip
erect, flattish, entire, or emarginate : lower one spreading, with
flat lobes, the middle lobe usually the broadest, entire, or emar-
ginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, approximate by pairs
at apex, or rarely a little distant, lower two the longest : the
superior 2 sometimes sterile ; filaments toothless ; anthers free,
2-celled : connective often thickened : cells distinct, parallel, di-
verging. Lobes of style sometimes equal, subulate, with minute
terminal stigmas ; sometimes the lower lobe is elongated, re-
curved, flattened, with stigmatiferous margins. Achenia dry,
LABIATiE. XLIX. Melissa.
781
smooth. — Under shrubs, but usually herbs, with variable inflo-
rescence. Flowers purplish, white or yellow.
Sect. I. Calami'ntha (from KaXoc, kalos, beautiful ; and
fio'Qa, mintha, mint ; in reference to the beauty of the plants and
their affinity to Mintha.) Benth. lab. p. ,'iSG. Calamintha,
Moench. nieth. -108. Racemes loose, rather secund. Cymes of
whorls, pedunculate, dichotoraous. Bracteas minute. Calyx
almost terete, striated, hardly gibbous at the base : throat vil-
lous inside.
1 M. inca'na (Benth. lab. p. 386.) herbaceous or suffruticose
at the base, procumbent ; branches ascending, clothed with hoary
tomentum ; leaves petiolate, small, orbicular, almost entire,
clothed with hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; racemes rather
secund ; whorls few-flowered ; cymes hardly dichotomous ; ca-
lyxes shortly bilabiate, and tlie throat naked inside ; corolla
hardly twice as long as the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of the Gre-
cian Archipelago, frequent, and about Athens ; also of Syria,
near Aleppo. Melissa, Cretica, Russel, nat. hist. alep. but not of
Lin. Thymus incanus, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 62. t.
57 7. This species is intermediate between Melissa and Mtcro-
meria. Upper whorls dense ; lower ones more loose.
Hoary Balm. PI. i to 1 foot. ?
2 M. ? Cee'tica (Lin. spec. p. 828.) herbaceous, humble,
procumbent at the base ; branches ascending, pilosely hispid ;
leaves petiolate, small, roundisli, obtuse, almost quite entire,
clothed with soft villi on both surfaces ; racemes sub-secund ;
cymes scarcely dichotomous, few-flowered ; calyx shortly bdabi-
ate, the throat villous inside ; corolla scarcely twice as long as the
calyx. 11 ■ H. Native of Candia. Thymus hirtus, Sieb. pi. exs. but
not of others. — Barr. icon. t. 1106. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 230. f.
2. — Park, theatr. p. 36. t. 37. f. 4. Allied to M. incana, but
differs in the stem and leaves being villous, not tomentose. Co-
rolla white, purplish. ?
Cretan Balm. FI. June, July. Clt. 1596. Shrub i to 1
foot.
3 M. thymifo'lia (Benth. lab. p. 386.) stems herbaceous, as-
cending, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
obtuse, hardly crenated, cuneated at the base or rounded, rather
canescent ; racemes loose, secund ; cymes dichotomous ; flowers
small ; calyx shortly bilabiate, with acute teeth ; corolla about
twice as long as the calyx. If. H. Native of Carniola, on
rocks and old walls. Satureia thymifolia. Scop. fl. cam. 1. p.
428. ex. Host. Calamintha thymifolia. Host, fl. austr. 2. p.
132. Thymus origanifolius, Vis. in bot. zeit. 1830. 1. p. 15.
It appears intermediate between Micromeria marifblia and Me-
lissa Nepeta. Leaves hardly \ an inch long, sometimes quite
entire, full of glandular dots, canescent beneath from tomentum.
Corolla pale purplish : upper lip eraarginate.
Thyme-leaved Balm. PI. 1 foot.
4 M. glandulosa (Benth. lab. p. 387.) stems herbaceous ;
branches almost glabrous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, acut-
ish, coarsely serrated, rounded at the base, nearly glabrous ; ra-
cemes very loose, few-flowered, secund; cymes dichotomous:
calyx bilabiate, with acute teeth ; corolla hardly larger than the
small calyx, i;. H. Native of Corsica, Requien ; of Sardinia,
Moris. Tliymus glandulosus, Req. in ann. sc nat. par. 5. p.
386. Branciies slender, slightly downy. Throat of calyx closed
by villi. Corolla white or pale purple.
Glandular Balm. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
5 M. NEPETA (Lin. spec. 82S.) stems herbaceous; branches
procumbent, ascending, or erectish, villous ; leaves petiolate,
broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, villous on
both surfaces, pale beneath ; raceme elongated, loose, many-
flowered, secund ; cymes dichotomous ; calyx shortly bilabiate,
with subulate teeth ; corolla half as long again as the calyx.
hardly twice as long. % . IL Native of the Southern parts of
Europe, in dry situations, among rubbish, and by way-sides ; as
in the South of France, Portugal, Piedmont, Naples, Grecian
Islands, South of Tauria, &c. Thymus Nepeta, Smith, fl. brit.
2. p. 642. engl. bot. t. 1414. Hook, fl. lond. vol. 1. with a
figure. Calamintha parviflora, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 396. Cala-
mintha trichotoma, Moench. meth. p. 409. Thymus diflfusus,
Hortul. Thymus Brauneanus, Hoppe. Calamintha rotundifo-
lia, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 131. Calamintha obliqua, Host, fl.
austr. 2. p. 131. Calamintha Nepeta, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port.
Calamintha canescens, Presl, fl. sic. p. 37. JMelissa obtusifolia,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 122. — Black, herb. t. 167. — Riv. mon. t. 47.
— Lob. icon. t. 513. Leaves ^ to 1 inch long, deep green above,
and hoary beneath. Throat of calyx bearded. Corolla white and
pale purple. The plant has a strong aromatic smell, approach-
ing to that of pennyroyal, and a moderately pungent taste, some-
what like spearmint, but warmer. Infusions of the leaves were
given as tea in weaknesses of the stomacii, flatulent cholics, &c.
Far. j3, A tlionica {Benth. lab. p. 387.) more humble and more
glabrous; leaves greener. "H.. H. Native of Mount Athos.
Thy'mus Athonicus, Bernh. ex Rchb. pi. germ. exc. p. 329.
under no. 2242. Calamintha Athonica, Rchb. 1. c. Melissa
Atheos, Hortul.
Cat-mint Balm or Field Balm. Fl. July, Oct. England. PI.
1 to 1| foot.
6 M. calami'ntha (Lin. spec. p. 827.) stems herbaceous ;
branches ascending, villous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, blunt-
ish, serrately crenated, rounded or truncated at the base, green
on both surfaces, villous ; raceme loose, secund ; cymes very
loose, subdichotomous, few-flowered ; calyx distinctly bilabiate,
with subulate teeth : lower teetli elongated ; corolla more than
twice as long as the calyx. IJ.. H. Native of Middle and
South Europe, and Middle Asia ; as of England, France, Ger-
many, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Armenia, and Siberia, &c.,
on hills and in open woods. Thymus Calamintha, Scop. fl. cam.
ed. 2d. no. 733. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1676. Calamintha mon-
tana. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 396. Cal. officinalis, Moench. meth.
409. Cal. menthaefolia. Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 129. Thymus
umbrosus, Spreng. cent. pi. min. cogn. p. 41. T. moschatel-
lus, Poll. fl. veron. p. 15. ex Poir, supp. 5. p. 304. Cal.
unibrosa, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 329. ? exclusive of numerous
synonymes. Melissa intermedia, Bauing. ? ex Rchb. Melissa
umbrosa, of German authors. Cal. vulgaris, Sweet. Melissa
foliosa, Opiz. ex unio. itin. Stems more erect and firm than in
M. Nepeta. Leaves larger, usually an inch and a half long.
Flowers fewer. Calyx twice the size, and more deeply bilabiate.
Corolla red, marked with deeper spots.
Far. /5, villosissima (Benth. lab. p. 388.) plant more villous ;
leaves smaller, but the calyx and corolla are about the same size.
%. H. Native of Spain and the Canary Islands. Thymus cala-
minthoides, Rchb. fl. lus. mad. exsic.
Calamint or Mountain Balm. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. England.
PI. I to 11 foot.
Sect. II. Calomeli'ssa (from koXoq, kalos, beautiful, and pe-
Xio-ffa, melissa, a bee, also the name given to balm ; so called
on account of the beauty of the plants.) Benth. lab. p. 388.
Whorls many-flowered, nearly equal, condensed. Bracteas ovate
or oblong. Throat of calyx villous inside.
7 M. Carolinia'na (Benth. lab. p. 388.) herbaceous, gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, a little crenated, narrowed
at the base ; whorls nearly equal, many-flowered, condensed ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of Carolina,
Georgia ; and Louisiana, at Covington. Thymus CarohniAnus,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 9. Calamintha Caroliniana, Sweet,
hort. brit. p. 409. Cal. grandiflora, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p.
T82
LABlATiE. XLIX. Melissa.
4-14. Thymus grandiflorus, Sims, bot. mag. t. 997. Floriferous
branches elongated, twiggy, glabrous, or pubescent. Leaves
half an inch long. Corolla an inch long, glabrous, pale red.
Carolina '&a\m. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI, 1 foot.
Sect. III. A'cinos (from aaioc, ahinos, the Greek name of a
balsamic plant now unknown.) Benth. lab. p. 389. A'cinos,
Mcench. meth. 407. Whorls about 6-flowered ; pedicels erect,
short, stiff. Bracteas minute or wanting. Calyx gibbous be-
neath at the base, nearly terete, deeply striated, and the throat
villous inside.
8 M. A'cinos (Benth. lab. p. 889.) herbaceous, annual, erect-
ish, pubescent or villous ; leaves ovate, sub-serrated : floral
leaves similar to the others, exceeding the flowers, which are
almost sessile ; whorls 6-flowored ; lips of calyx short ; corolla
hardly exceeding the calyx. ©. H. Native of Europe, in corn
fields ; as of Britain, Sweden, Portugal, Naples, Greece, about
Petersburgh, and of the Caucasus. Thymus A'cinos, Lin. spec.
826. Hook. fl. loncl. vol. 1. with a figure. Smith, engl. bot. t.
411. A'cinos thymoides, Moench. meth. 407. A'cinos vulgaris,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 131. Thymus heterophyllus, Poir. diet. 7. p.
C48. Thymus canesccns, Dumort, florul. belg. 47. Calamin-
tha arvensis, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 394. — Lob. icon. 1. t. 506. f. 1.
— Riv. mon. t. 43. f 2.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 404. sect. 11. t. 18. f.
1. Stems branched, usually procumbent at the base; branches
usually purplish, more or less villous. Whorls distant. Corollas
purplish blue : upper lip entire. Lower lobe of style flattened.
This plant has a pleasant aromatic smell.
Basil Balm, or Basil Thyme. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. I,
foot.
9 M. PATAvf NA (Benth. lab. p. 389.) herbaceous, ascending,
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, scarcely serrated,
veiny, almost glabrous : floral ones similar to the rest, longer
than the calyxes ; lips of calyx shorter than the tube ; corollas
scarcely twice as long as the calyxes. 7|.H. Native of the South
of Europe ; as of Spain, South of France, Italy, Piedmont, Na-
ples ; and on Mount Parnassus. Thymus Patavlnus, Jacq. obs.
bot. 4. p. 7. t. 87. A'cinos Patavinus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 131.
Calamintha Patavina, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 133. Melissa mar-
joranaefolia. Mill. diet. no. 7. Thymus suaveolens. Smith,
prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 420. Thymus acinoides, Tenore, prod. fl.
nap. p. 35. syll. 296. — Bocc. nnus. t. 45. f. 3. Larger and
firmer plant than M. A'cinos, with the flowers twice the size ;
and smoother and more erect than M. aljnna, to which it is more
nearly allied. Corollas pale red, or purplish red.
Padttan Balm. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1776. PI. \ to | foot.
10 M. microphy'lla (Benth. lab. p. 390.) suffruticose, small,
diffuse, nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, roundish, quite en-
tire : floral ones similar to the others ; whorls 4-6-flowered ;
flowers almost sessile ; lips of calyx much shorter than the tube;
corolla almost twice as long as the calyx. Ti . F. Native of
Corsica, on the mountains. Thymus Corsicus, Pers. ench. 2, p.
131. Plant small, much branched; branches short, pilose
while young. Leaves small, glabrous, or a little pilose. Flowers
similar to those of M. Patavina, but the calyxes are longer and
slenderer.
Small-leaved Balm. Shrub small.
11 M. ALPi^NA (Benth. lab. p. 390.) perennial, diffuse, pubes-
cent, or villous ; leaves petiolate, roundish, or ovate, hardly ser-
rated ; floral leaves about equal in length to the calyxes ; whorls
4-6-flowered ; flowers almost sessile ; "lips of calyx shorter than
the tube ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, l/ . H.
Native of the South of Europe, in moimtainous and shady places ;
as of the South of France, Germany, Italy, &c. Thymus alpi-
nus, Lin. spec. 826. Sims. bot. mag. 2152. Jacq. austr. 1. p.
fiO. t. 97. A'cinos alpinus, Mcench. meth. p. 407. A'cinos
diffusus, Bonningh. fl. monast. ex Bot. zeit. 1825. 1. p. 333.?
Thymus nummulariaafolius, Lois, ex herb. D. C. Thymus mon-
tanus, Crantz, stirp. austr. p. 278. Thymus villosissimus,
Tausch, in syll. pi. ratisb. 2. p. 248. ? — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 50. t.
45. Stem much branched at the base, rather woody ; floriferous
branches ascending, usually villous. Leaves smaller, but gene-
rally broader than those of M. A'cinos, and M. Patavina. Calyx
purplish. Corollas larger than those of M. Patavina, purplish-
blue ; upper lip and middle lobe of lower lip shortly emarginate.
Lower lobe of style flattened.
Alpine?,a\m. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1731. PI. | foot.
12 M. grave' OLENS (Benth. lab. p. 390.) herbaceous, annual,
erect, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, a little serrated : floral
leaves similar to the rest, exceeding the flowers ; whorls 6-flow-
ered ; flowers almost sessile ; lips of calyx incurved, equalling
the tube ; corolla scarcely half as long again as the calyx. 0.
H. Native of Caucasus, Naples, Island of Cyprus, Transylva-
nia, Tauria, and Iberia ; frequent about Madrid, and between
Bagdad and Kermancha, &c. Thymus graveolens, Bieb. fl. cauc.
2. p. 60. pi. rar. ross. 1. t. 38. A'cinos graveolens. Link, enum.
host, berol. 2. p. 117. Thymus canus, Stev. ex. Hoffm. in
comm. soc. phys. med. mosq. 1. p. 46. ex Bieb. Thymus ex-
iguus, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grace. 6. p. 61. t. 575. A'cinos canus,
Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 327. Herb simple or branched. Leaves
like those of 71/. Patavina, but more villous. Flowers larger than
in M. A'cinos, but smaller than in M. Patavina, purplish blue.
Strong-scented Ba.\m. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ foot.
+ Species evidently belonging to sect. III., but are not sufficiently
known.
13 M. turpura'scens (Benth. lab. p. 391.) stem branched,
divaricate, tomentose ; leaves ovate, a little serrated : upper
ones crowded, coloured ; whorls 1-2-flowered, rather approxi-
mate. ©. H. Native of Spain, Clemente. A'cinos purpu-
rascens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 13. Thymus purpurascens, Poir. diet.
7. p. 654. Leaves reddish violet, especially the veins. Corollas
rather large, red. Apparently an intermediate plant between
M. vulgaris and M. alpinus, and probably only a variety of the
latter.
Purplish Ba]m. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot.
14 M. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 391.) leaves orbicular,
mucronate, having the veins prominent beneath ; stems procum-
bent, villous at top as well as the calyxes. If.. ? H. Native
of Hungary. A'cinos rotundifolius, Pers. ench. 2. p. 131.
Thymus rotundifolius, Poir. diet. 7. p. 654. Thymus melis-
soides, Bernli. ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 327.
Round-leaved Balm. PI. procumbent.
Sect. IV. Clinopodium (from jcXd't;, kiine, a bed ; and wovt
TTodoe, pous podos, a foot ; heads of flowers like turned bed-feet.)
Benth. lab. p. 391. Clinopodium, Lin. and other authors. Whorls
many-flowered or loosely few-flowered, equal ; common pedun-
cles almost wanting; pedicels filiform, not flattened. Bracteas
subulate, sometimes minute, sometimes equalling the calyxes.
Calyx gibbous on the under side at the base or almost equal :
throat naked, or a little villous inside.
15 M. de'bilis (Benth. lab. p. 391.) plant herbaceous, small,
weak, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, serrated : floral leaves
smaller ; whorls few-flowered ; pedicels elongated, filiform ;
bracteas minute ; throat of calyx naked inside. Ti . H. Native
of Altaia, in shady places, near Alexandrowsk ; and in the Soon-
garian desert, about Mount Kent. Thymus debilis, Ledeb. fl.
alt. 2. p. 391. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 438. Herb hardly 3-4 inches
high, quite glabrous. Leaves | inch long, narrowed a long way
into the petioles at the base. Corolla shorter than the calyx.
Weak Wild Basil. PI. i to 1 foot.
r
LABIATE. XLIX. Melissa.
783
16 M. UMBRosA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 63. but not of German
authors) plant herbaceous, diffuse, pubescent or villous ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, serrately crenated, rounded at the base ; whorls
equal, globose, many-flowered ; bracteas minute, or the outer
ones are subulate, one half shorter than the calyxes. %. H.
Native of Iberia, in woods ; Caucasus, on the Talusch moun-
tains ; Himalaya, Wall. Royle ; mountains in the Peninsula of
India, Wight; Ceylon, Walker ; Cashmere, Jacquemont. Cli-
nopodium repens, ft, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 66.
Stems procumbent, creeping at the base. Leaves scarcely an
inch long. Whorls 20-4-0- flowered. Corolla purplish, scarcely
half as long again as the calyx.
Shaded Wild Basil. PI. procumbent.
17 M. reVens (Benth. lab. p. 392.) herbaceous, diffuse,
rooting at the base, pubescent or villous ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, serrately crenated, rounded at the base ; whorls
equal, globose, many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, numerous,
equalling the calyxes. If. . H. Native of Nipaul. Clinopo-
dium repens, a. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 66. Thymus repens,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 113. Habit of M. umbrdsa. Brac-
teas more dense, and more hairy, ciliated. Corolla purplish.
Creeping Balm. PI. procumbent.
18 M. ORIGANIFOLIA (Benth. lab. p. 392.) suffruticose ; stems
ascending, branched, hispid ; leaves ovate, quite entire, hispid ;
whorls nearly sessile : lower ones on long peduncles, emulating
branches ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, hispid, scarcely longer
than the calyxes. Tj . H. Native of Mount Lebanon. Clino-
podium origanifolium, Labill. pi. syr. dec. 4. p. 14. t. 9. Co-
rolla rather hairy, purplish. ?
Marjoram- leaved Ba]m. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub
1 1 foot.
19 M. Clinopodium (Benth. lab. p. 392.) herbaceous, erect,
villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated a little, round-
ed at the base ; whorls equal, globose, many-flowered ; bracteas
subulate, numerous, equalling the calyxes. If.. H. Native
throughout Europe and Middle Asia, in woods, hedges, and by
waysides ; from Scotland and Sweden to Spain, Sicily, Greece,
and Caucasus ; and North America ; but probably introduced
from Europe to the latter country. Clinopodium vulgare,
Lin. spec. p. 821. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1401. Clinopodium
May^tiacvm, Lam. diet. 2. p. 50. Mill. diet. no. 6. fig. t. 95.
Clinopodium atropurpureum, and C. variegatum, Hortul. Cli-
nopodium plumosum, Sieb. in bot. zeit. 1822. t. 242. ? Thymus
sylvaticus, Bernh. ex Steud. nom. p. 208. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 43.
— Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 65, 66.— Mor. hist. sect. XL t. 8. f. ].
Stems simple, or a little branched. Leaves petiolate, 1-2 inches
long, pale or canescent beneath, with entire or obscurely crenu-
lated margins : floral ones smaller, sessile. Calyxes and brac-
teas very pilose. Corolla .twice as long as the calyx, bright
red.
Bed-foot or Common Wild Basil. Fl. June, Aug. Britain.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. V. MELiPHv'LtuM (from /jeXi, meli, honey ; and (pvX-
Xov, phyllon, a\eaf; so called from the sweet-scented leaves.)
Benth. lab. p. 393. Melissa, Lin. and other authors. Whorls
few-flowered, rather loose, secund. Bracteas few, usually ovate.
Calyx scarcely gibbous at the base, spreading ; upper lip almost
glabrous ; throat naked inside, or villous. Corolla white or
yellowish : tube recurvedly ascending.
20 M. OFFiciNA*Lis (Lin. spec. 827.) herbaceous, erect,
branched ; leaves broad-ovate, crenated, truncate at the base, or
cordate; floral leaves almost similar to the cauline leaves; whorls
axillary, loose, secund; bracteas few, ovate; corolla a half again
as long as the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of the South of Europe
and Middle Asia, in mountain woods ; as of Portugal, Spain,
South of France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, about Aleppo, Tauria,
Iberia, and Caucasus. Woodv. med. bot. t. 147. M. graveo-
lens, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 128. M. foliosa, Opiz, ex Kchb. fl.
germ. exc. p. 329. M. occidentalis, Rafin. M. Corsica, Host.
— Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 61. — Blackw. herb. t. 27. — Lob. icon.
t. 277. Plant very variable in hairiness, size, form, and bases
of leaves, and length of corollas. Leaves from | to 2-3 inches
long, those of the stems and sterile branches truncate or cordate
at the base : upper floral and rameal ones smaller, rounded or
cuneated at the base, all obtuse, or the upper ones are acute,
more or less villous on both surfaces. Whorls distant. Cymes
distinct, 3-6-flowered. Corolla white or pale yellow, twice as
long as the calyx.
Balm, in its recent state, has a weak, roughish, aromatic
taste, and a pleasant smell, somewhat of the lemon kind. It is
now little used, unless for making a simple balm tea, which
affords a grateful diluent drink in fevers, and for forming a light
agreeable beverage, under the name of balm wine. Anciently it
was generally recommended in hypochondriacal affections, and
by Paracelsus promised a complete renovation of man. From
the fondness of bees for this plant, it was named Apidstrum,
Melissa, McUssophyllum ; and was directed by the ancients,
among other herbs, to be rubbed upon the hive, to render it
agreeable to the swarm.
Far. ft, villbsa (Benth. lab. p. 393.) leaves shorter ; plant
more villous; odour disagreeable. %. H. Native of Italy,
about Rome, Greece, &c. M. Romana, Mill. diet. no. 2. M.
hirsuta, Balb. M. cordifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 132. M. Taii-
rica, Hortul. M. altissinia, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 63.
t. 579. Corollas white, smaller than those of the species.
Officinal or Common Balm. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1573. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
21 M. hirsu'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 830.) heads verticillate, ax-
illary ; leaves ovate-oblong, bluntly serrated, and are, as well as
the calyxes, hairy. 1/ . H. Native of Java, on the top of
Mount Tjerimai, in the province of Cheribon. Allied to M. offi-
cinalis.
Hairy Balm. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
22 M. i-ARViFLORA (Bcnth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 65.
lab. p. 394.) herbaceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, somewhat serrated, rounded at the
base or cuneated ; floral leaves similar to the others ; whorls ax-
illary, loose, secund ; bracteas few, small, oblong-linear ; co-
rollas scarcely longer than the calyxes. 1{,.H. Native of Nipaul
and Kamaon, Wall. ; Deyra Dhoun, Royle. Scutellaria Japonica,
Burm. fl. ind. p. 130. Geniosporum axillare, Benth. in Wall,
pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 18. This has the character of M. officinalis,
but the habit is very different. The whole plant is purplish and
glabrous, except a few hairs on the angles of the stem and nerves
of the leaves. Leaves hardly an inch long. Inflorescence of
M. officinalis. Corollas blue, hardly exserted.
Small-Jlomercd Balm. PI.
23 M. flaVa (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 65. lab. p.
394.) herbaceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute, serrately crenated, rounded at the base ; floral
leaves similar to the rest ; whorls axillary, loose, secund ; brac-
teas few, oblong-linear ; corolla about thrice as long as the ca-
lyx. % . H. Native of Nipaul, Wall. Habit of M. parvi-
Jlbra. Calyxes coloured at top. Corolla yellow, incurvedly
ascending.
Fe/fow-flowered Balm. PI. ?
Sect. VI. Macromeli'ssa (from /jokpoc, macros, long ; and
piXiaaa, melissa, balm ; so called in reference to the long co-
rollas.) Benth. lab. p. 394. Whorls very loose, usually few-
784f
LABIATiE. XLIX. Melissa, L. Gardoquia.
flowered ; cymes umbel-formed ; peduncles elongated, scarcely
dichotomous. Throat of calyx spreading, almost naked inside :
lips very deep, spi-eading. Corolla elongated, purplish : tube
dilated. Stamens rather distant at apex.
24 M. GRANDiFLORA (Lin. spec. 827.) herbaceous, erectish,
sparingly pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, coarsely toothed,
rounded or cuneated at the base, green on both surfaces ; ra-
cemes loose, few-flowered ; cymes pedunculate, hardly dichoto-
mous, few-flowered; corolla ample, more than twice the length
of the calyx. I/.. H. Native of Europe, in shady woods ; as
of the Pyrenees, Cevennes, Piedmont, Switzerland, Germany,
Mounts Athos, and Olympus ; South of Tauria, about Baidar.
Bieb. Curt. bot. mag. 208. Calamintha grandiflora, Moench.
meth. p. 408. Thymus grandiflorus, Scop. earn. ed. 2d. no.
732. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. .0C2.— Riv. mon. t. 46 — Mor. hist,
.sect. 11. t. 21. f. 1- — Besl. hort. eyst. 7. t. 7. f. 1. Stems
branched at the base, and decumbent. Branches erectish.
Whorls few, subsecund. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla 1 to
1 3 inch long, purplish ; throat much inflated. Stamens loosely
approximate. Tliere is a variety of this with white flowers, and
another with red flowers ; both much inferior to the purple :
there is also a variety with variegated leaves. The leaves, when
bruised, have the smell of common balm.
Greal-Jlowered Balm. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1596. PI. 1
foot.
25 M. macroste'ma (Moc. et Sesse, mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
395.) shrubby ; branches divaricate, villous in the young state ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, or oblong, acute, roundly cuneated at the
base, serrated, green above, and pale beneath, nearly glabrous,
or rather hispid on both surfaces ; whorls loose, rather secund,
few-flowered ; peduncles and pedicels elongated ; calyxes gla-
brous : upper lip spreading. I; . H. Native of New Spain.
Leaves distant, * to 1 inch long. Cymes generally 2-3-flower-
ed. Corolla downy, about 4 times the length of the calyx, with
a dilated tube : upper lip, and middle lobe of lower lip emargi-
nate, like the preceding.
Long-crowned Balm. Shrub 1 to 2 feet, ?
Sect. VII. Heteromeli'sson (from Irfpoc, lietcros, variable ;
and ixtkiaaa, melissa, a bee, also the name given tojbalm.)
Benth. lab. p. 395. Whorls irregular, few or many-flowered,
rather secund, usually ending in leafy branches. Bracteas sub-
foliaceous. Calyx elongated, not gibbous at the base, scarcely
bilabiate : teeth straight, setaceous : throat almost naked inside.
Corolla elongated, purple : tube erectish.
26 M. longicau'lis (Wall. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 395.) suf-
fruticose ; branches elongated, decumbent, pubescent ; leaves
ovate-oblong, obtuse, a little toothed, cuneate, or narrowed at
the base, ratiier villous : floral ones similar to the rest ; whorls
few-flowered, irregular, secund ; calyx elongated, a little decli-
nate, with lanceolate, subulate teeth. 1/ . H. Native of Nipaul,
Wall. Thymus piperitus, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 112. Thy-
mus origanifolius, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 112. Clinopodium
longicaule, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 1. p. 66. Stems weak,
woody at the base ; branches purplish at top. Leaves scarcely
J an inch long, quite entire, or furnished with 1 or 2 crenae on
both sides. Bracteas foliaceous. Corolla violaceous, hardly
twice as long as the calyx. Superior stamens usually abortive.
Probably a proper genus, intermediate between Hedelima and
Melissa.
Long-stemmed Balm. PL decumbent.
■\ Doubtful species.
27 M. rug6sa (Lour. coch. p. 368.) annual, erect, much
branched ; leaves very rugose, roundish, acuminated ; racemes
crowded, axillary and terminal. ©. H. Native of Cochin-
china. Stem tetragonal. Leaves serrated, petiolate. Corolla
white, tinged with red. The whole plant is obscure green, ex-
cept the corollas.
Jl'rihkled-\ea.ved Balm. PI. Ij foot.
28 M. oBTusiFOLiA (Pcrs. ench. 2. p. 132.) leaves broad-
ovate, obsoletely serrated, rounded at apex ; stem villous ; pe-
duncles simply divided and solitary, much shorter than the
leaves ; corolla pale violet. 1/ . ? G. Native of South Ame-
rica, Michx.
Blunt-leaved Balm. PI. ?
29 M. VERONICEFOLIA (Pcrs. ench. 2. p. 132.) leaves broad-
ovate, serrated, petiolate ; stem branched, diflfuse ; peduncles
elongated, branched. 2/ . H. Native of the Bahamas. Thy-
mus veronicsefolius, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 698. Stem villous.
Leaves nearly glabrous. Calyx glabrous. Corolla purfilish in-
side, variegated with violaceous and white spots. Habit of
Veronica arvensis.
Sjieedmell-leaved Balm. PI. \ foot. 1
•f- "I" Doubtful C'linopodia of authors.
30 M. Asia'tica ; leaves oblong, nerved, wrinkled, tomen-
tose beneath ; spikes verticillate, terminal. Tj . G. Native of
Cochinchina. Clinopodium Asiaticum, Lour. coch. p. 374.
Stem suffruticose, tetragonal, simple, villous. Leaves ovate-
oblong, blunt, serrated. Flowers violaceous, disposed in an ob-
long, compound, terminal spike. Calyx bilabiate, entire, un-
equal, very pilose. Upper lip of corolla concave, equally trifid :
lower lip refracted, quite entire, longer.
Asiatic Balm. .Shrub 2i feet.
31 M. hu'mhis ; plant humble, branched ; leaves wrinkled ;
heads flattened. If.. H. Native of Carolina. Clinopodium
hiimile. Mill. diet. no. 4.
Humble Balm. PI. dwarf.
32 M. Carolinia'na ; stem erect, not branched; leaves vil-
lous beneath ; whorls fewer ; bracteas longer than the calyxes.
'H..H. Native of Carolina. Clinopodium Carolinianum, Mill,
diet. no. 5.
Carolina Balm. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. All the species of Balm will grow in common garden
earth, and are of easy culture. The perennial herbaceous kinds
are readily increased by parting the roots ; the suffiuticose spe-
cies by cuttings or parting ; and seeds of annual kinds may be
sown either on rockwork or in the open border. The species
belonging to section A'cinos are all well fitted for decorating
rockwork.
L. GARDO'QUIA (dedicated to Don Diego Gardoqui,
Minister of Finance under Charles IV. of Spain, who greatly
promoted the publication of the " Flora Peruviana.") Ruiz, et
Pav. prod. fl. per. et chil. p. 130. syst. veg. per. p. 149. D.
Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 3. t. 271. Benth. lab. p. 397.
Rizoa, Cav. icon. 6. p. 56. — Cunila species, Nutt. — Melissa
species, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Didijnamta, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 13-
nerved, a little incurved, with an equal or oblique mouth ; teeth
short, straight, nearly equal or sub-bilabiate. Tube of corolla
much exserted, straight, or incurved, naked inside ; limb bila-
biate : upper lip erect, flattish, emarginate : lower one spreading
a little, with flat lobes, the middle lobe the broadest. Stamens
4, subdidynamous, loosely ascending, rather distant at apex :
lower ones the longest : superior ones now and then abortive ;
filaments toothless ; anthers 2-celled : cells distinct, parallel, or
somewhat divergent. Lobes of style nearly equal. Achenia
LABIATiE. L. Gakdoquia.
785
dry, smooili. — Much branched, leafy, shrubs or undcr-shrubs,
often procumbent. Flowers beautiful, usually scarlet. Tiiis
genus is not distinct from I\Hcromcria, unless in the length of
the corolla, and erect lobes of the limb.
1 G. Mi'i.TiFLORA (Ruiz, ct Pav. syst. veg. fl. per. et chil. p.
149.) shrubby, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, blunt-
isb, crenaied a little, rounded at the base, green, pale beneath ;
floral leaves conforining to the others ; whorls loose, subsecund ;
cymes pedunculate, scarcely dichotomous ; calyx almost gla-
brous, with acute teeth, and the throat naked inside ; corolla 3
times as long as the calyx. Tj . G. Native of Chili, in the
province of Conception, in fields. Rizoa ovatifolia, Cav. icon.
6. p. 56. t. 578. bad. Stems hard at the base, but scarcely
woody. Branches, leaVes, and calyxes glabrous, or clothed
with fine pubescence. Leaves an inch long. Corolla more
than an inch long, beautiful, scarlet or purple. Stamens a little
exserted.
JMamj-Jlorvered Gardoquia. Shrub 1 foot.
2 G. KUGOSA (Benth. lab. p. 399.) shrubby, villous ; leaves
petiolate, ovate-rhomboid, serrately toothed, rounded at the
base, coriaceous, wrinkled, villous on both surfaces, hardly
canescent beneath ; whorls loose, many-flowered ; calyx villous,
with subulate ciliated teeth, and with the throat almost naked
inside ; corolla scarcely twice as long as the calyx. fj . G.
Native of Peru, Ruiz, et Pav. Hairs rufous. Leaves 1 to Ij
inch long. Cymes on short peduncles. Corolla villous. An-
thers approximating by pairs.
Wrinkled Gardoquia. Shrub.
3 G. ELLi'pTiCA (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 149.) shrubby,
erect ; branches glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acutish, ser-
ratelj' crenated, rounded at the base, or cuneated, green on both
surfaces, glabrous, or a little ciliated; floral leaves smaller;
whorls usually 6-flovvered ; calyx green, pilose, with acute
teeth, and with the throat naked inside ; corolla about 4 times
as long as the calyx. \i . G. Native of Peru, towards Cheu-
chin and Sayan, Ruiz et Pav. ; in the valley of Canta, between
Obrajillo and Pacron, Chruikshanks. Leaves about an inch long.
Corolla about 1^ inch long, pubescent, scarlet: lobes short.
Stamens exserted.
Elliptic-leaved Gardoquia. Shrub erect.
4 G. thymoi'des (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 314.)
shrubby ; branches pubescent ; leaves ovate, acute, subcordate,
with revolute, subserrated margins, nearly glabrous above, but
clothed with hoary pubescence beneath ; whorls many-flowered,
distant ; calyx pubescent, with unequal, acuminately subidate
segments ; corolla about 3 times the length of the calyx. It . G.
Native on the Andes of Quito. ? Leaves 3 lines long. Flowers
pedunculate. Corolla yellow ? pubescent outside ; throat
bearded with long hairs behind ; limb spotted with purple.
Thyvie-Ulic Gardoquia. Shrub.
5 G. e'legaks (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 315.)
shrubby ; branches pubescent, clothed with white tomentum
while young ; leaves roundish-rhomboid, obtuse, serrated, pu-
bescent above, and clothed with white tomentuin beneath ; pe-
duncles axillary, usually 3-flowcred ; calyx tomentose, with un-
equal acuminated teeth. H . G. Native of Quito, on the de-
clivity of the burning mount Catopaxi, between Mulalo and
Pansache. Shrub aromatic. Leaves entire towards the base, 9
lines long. Corolla red, downy outside : throat yellow, spotted
with red.
Elegant Gardoquia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 G. pulche'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) shrubby ; branches
pubescently tomentose ; leaves ovate or roundish-ovate, obtuse,
cuneated at the base, with subrevolute crenated margins, rather
scabrous above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; pe-
duncles usually 3-flowered ; calyx clothed with tomentose pubes-
VOL. IV.
cence, with acuminately-subulate, unequal teeth. Pj . G. Na-
tive of Peru, in hot places between Cascas and Contumasay.
Leaves 8-9 lines long. Flowers on long pedicels.
Neat Gardoquia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
7 G. TOMENTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 314.) shrubby;
branches pubescent ; leaves roundish-ovate, acutish, rather
truncate at the base, with revolute serrated margins, pubescent
above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; peduncles
axillary, usually 3-flowered ; calyx clothed with tomentose
pubescence, with unequal acuminated teeth ; corolla 3 times
as long as the calyx. h . G. Native of the kingdom of Quito,
near Llactacunga, Hambato, and Riobamba Nuevo. Shrub aro-
matic. Leaves hardly | an inch long. Flowers pedicellate.
Corolla pale red, pubescent outside ; tube short ; throat bearded
by long hairs. Stamens inclosed.
Tomentose Gardoquia. Shrub 3 feet.
8 G. GRANDiFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches pubes-
cent ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, acute at the base, toothed
towards the apex, pubescent above, and clothed with hoary to-
mentum beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx clothed with
hoary tomentum, with acuminated nearly equal teeth ; corolla 4
times as long as the calyx. Ij . G. Native of South America,
in the valley of the river Chambo, between Mount Tunguragua
and Penipe. Leaves \ an inch long. Flowers on short pedun-
cles. Corolla yellow, downy outside ; throat bearded inside.
Stamens a little exserted. From the description, this does not
appear to difl^er from G. inccina, unless in the leaves being ser-
rated at apex.
Great-flowered Gardoquia. Shrub 3 feet.
9 G. BREViFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 401.) shrubby, hoary;
leaves on short petioles, roundish-ovate, obtuse, with scarcely
revolute margins, pubescent above, and clothed with hoary pu-
bescence beneath ; floral leaves similar to the rest, equalling the
calyxes ; whorls 2-6-flowered, secund ; calyx a little coloured,
with lanceolate-acute teeth, and with the throat naked inside ;
corolla exceeding the calyx a little. ^ . G. Native of Peru,
Ruiz et Pavon. Habit of G. inccina ; but the leaves are shorter,
broader, and greener above, obtuse, or shortly mucronate.
Hardly distinct from the genus Micromeria, in consequence of
the corolla hardly exceeding the calyx.
Short-flowered Gardoquia. Shrub.
10 G. inca'na (Ruiz et Pav. sy.st. fl. per. p. 150.) shrubby,
hoary ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, quite entire, flat,
pale above, and clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; floral
leaves similar to the others, equalling the calyxes; whorls 2-6-
flowered ; calyx hoary, with an oblique mouth, and short acute
teeth, and with the throat naked inside. Tj . G. Native of
Peru. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
ined. 4. t. 493. f. 4. Leaves
of Helidnlhemum cdnum, 4 an
inch long. Corolla beyond an
inch in length, yellow. Geni-
tals a little exserted.
Hoarji Gardoquia. Shrub.
1 1 G. Hooke'ri (Benth. lab.
p. 401.) shrubby, quite gla-
brous ; leaves obovate, quite
entire, narrowed into the short
petioles at the base, green on
both surfaces ; peduncles 2-3-
flowered ; calyx glabrous, sub-
bilabiate, having the upper lip
shortly tridcntate, erect: throat
clothed by villi inside. tj . G.
Native of Florida. D. Don, in
Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 3. t. 271.
5 H
FIG. 80.
786
LABIATE. L. Gardoquia.
Cunila coccinea, Nutt. ex Hook. exot. fl. 3. t. 163. Melissa
coccinea, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 224. Leaves J an inch long, 1-3
nerved, glandularly dotted. Peduncles sometimes short and
l-flowered. Corolla scarlet, clothed with glandular pubescence.
Stamens distant, a little exserted. (fig. 80.)
Hooker's Gardoquia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1834. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
12 G. SEKi'cEA (Presl, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 402.) sufFruti-
cose, procumbent, clothed with silky tomentum ; leaves sessile,
linear, quite entire, with revohite margins, clothed with silky
wool on both surfaces ; floral leaves and bracteas similar to the
cauline leaves, but smaller ; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx
silky, with short, nearly equal teeth : throat naked inside. ^ .
G. Native of Peru, in the valleys of the Cordillera. Leaves
3-5 lines long. Corolla 10-11 lines long, scarlet, pubescent.
Stamens exserted : superior ones inclosed or abortive. ?
Silky Gardoquia. Shrub procumbent.
13 G. arge'ntea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. araer. 2. p. 313.)
shrubby, clothed with silky silvery pubescence ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, with revolute, quite entire margins ; flowers
axillary, solitary ; calyx bilabiate, silky, with acute teeth, and a
naked throat ; corolla 3 times as long as the calyx. ^ . G.
Native of Peru, on the Andes near Rlicuipampa. Leaves 2-3
lines long. Calyx tridentate. Corolla scarlet, downy outside ;
throat bearded below. Stamens inclosed.
Silvery Gardoquia. Shrub.
14 G. Di'scoLOR (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 312.)
branchlets clothed with canescent pubescence ; bark soluble ;
leaves oblong, acute, cuneaied at the base, quite entire, puberu-
lous above, but clothed with silky hoary pubescence beneath ;
flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx villous, having the throat
closed with white hairs : the limb bilabiate, with lanceolate-
acute, unequal segments ; corolla 2-4 times as long as the
calyx. Tj . G. Native of the Spanish Main, on Silla de
Caraccas. Leaves on short petioles, 4-8 lines long. Throat
of corolla naked. Corolla purple.
Z)(ico/oMrf rf-leaved Gardoquia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1827.
Shrub.
15 G. Gillie'sii (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. 1831. sept.
377. Benth. lab. p. 402.) suffVuticose ; branches divaricate,
pubescent ; leaves oblong-linear or cuneated, obtuse, quite
entire, narrowed at the base, green on both surfaces, flat ; floral
leaves siinilar to the others, and are, as well as the bracteas,
rather shorter than the calyxes ; whorls few, many-flowered,
rather loose, irregular; calyx elongated, erect, with lanceolate-
subulate, nearly equal teeth, and the throat naked inside. ^ .
G. Native of Chili, near Valparaiso. G. Chilensis, Hook, et
Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 58. Stems divaricate or pro-
cumbent. Branches ending each in a long terminal raceme.
Leaves 3-6 lines long. Calyx bilabiate. Corolla pubescent,
scarlet.
Gillies' s Gardoquia. Fl. April, July.? Clt. 1828. Shrub
procumbent.
16 G. obova'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 150.) shrubby;
branches canescent ; leaves obovate-oblong, narrowed at the
base, with revolute, quite entire margins, smoothlsh above, pale
and few-veined beneath, glabrous on both surfaces ; whorls
about 2-flowercd, secund ; calyx nearly glabrous, with short
obtuse teeth, and with the throat villous inside. Ij . G. Na-
tive of Peru, at Cheuchin. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. ined. 4. t.
494. f. a. Leaves 3-4 lines long, on very short pedicels.
Corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx, very villous. Sta-
mens much exserted.
Oiouaie-leaved Gardoquia. Shrub 3 feet.
17 G. glabra'ta (H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen. 2. p. 313.)
branches pubescent; leaves lanceolate- oblong, acute at both
ends, with revolute serrated margins, glabrous, full of glandular
dots beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx glandularly
dotted, bilabiate, with acuminated, nearly equal teeth, or the 3
upper teeth are longest ; corolla twice as long as the calyx. >j .
G. Native near Quito. Leaves on short petioles, scarlet,
shining above, J an inch long. Corolla downy outside, with a
])ilose throat. Stamens inclosed.
Glabrous Gardoquia. Shrub.
18 G. taxifolia (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 312.) branches
clothed with hoary villi ; leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong, ob-
tuse, narrowed at the base, quite entire, glabrous, dotted be-
neath ; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx bilabiate, with acumi-
nated, nearly equal teeth, and having the throat closed by hairs.
T; . G. Native of New Granada, on the Andes, especially on
the declivity of Paramo de Saraguru, near Ona. Leaves 4-5
lines long. Corolla red, ? pubescent outside, with a rather
pilose throat. Genitals exserted.
Yeiv-leavcd Gardoquia. Shrub.
19 G. stria'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 148.) shrubby ;
branches clothed with wool-like villi ; leaves small, ovate, quite
entire, flat, or complicate, quite glabrous on both surfaces, stri-
ated or ciliated on the back ; whorls 2-flowered, secund ; calyx
glabrous, with short obtuse teeth, and the throat rather villous
inside. h . G. Native of Peru, on arid hills in the provinces
of Tarma and Huanuco. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. ined. 4. t. 494.
f. b. Leaves sessile, 2 lines long, rounded or subcordate at the
base : upper ones obtuse. Corolla scarlet, downy outside, 3
times the length of the calyx. Stamens a little exserted.
<SVr/n/cf/-leaved Gardoquia. Shrub 3 feet.
20 G. microphy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 311.) branches
crowded, pubescently pilose while yotmg ; leaves ovate, obtuse,
cordate, with revolute, quite entire margins, glabrous, having
the margins and middle nerve ciliated ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary ; calyx rather scabrous, bilabiate, with acute, ciliated, un-
equal teeth, and a naked throat ; corolla 5 times as long as the
calyx. Ij . G. Native of the Andes of Pasto, in frigid places
near Rio Blanco, between Guachucal and Tulcan. Leaves on
short petioles, hardly a line long. Pedicels short. Corolla red,
downy outside ; throat bearded. Stamens hardly exserted.
Small-leaved Gardoquia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
21 G. Jameso'ni (Benth. lab. p. 404.) shrubby, procum-
bent, glabrous; leaves small, broad-ovate, obtuse, quite entire,
flat, or conduplicate, green and glabrous on both surfaces ;
whorls about 2-flowered ; calyx glabrous, with short obtuse
teeth, and with the throat naked inside. Ij . G. Native of
Peru, at Paramo de Antisana, Jameson. Leaves hardly a line
long, numerous, sessile. Corolla smaller than that of G. revo-
lilta, pale red, pubescent outside. .Stamens all fertile.
Jameson s Gardoquia. Shrub procumbent.
22 G. revolu'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 149.) suffru-
ticose, procumbent ; branches pubescent ; leaves small, round-
ish, very blunt, quite entire, cordate at the base, with revolute
margins, glabrous above, clothed with w hite tomentum beneath ;
whorls about 2-flowered ; calyx tomentose, with short broad
teeth, and the throat almost naked inside. tj . G. Native of
Peru, in the fissures of rocks towards Huassa-huassi, Panao,
and Huariaca, Ruiz, et Pav. ; Cordilleras, Hsenke and Mathews.
Leaves numerous, sessile, hardly a line long, blistered. Flowers
usually solitary, but sometimes 3 on each peduncle. Corolla
scarlet, 10-11 lines long, pubescent, a little incurved. Stamens
all fertile.
Revolute-leaved Gardoquia. Shrub procumbent.
■f Doubtful species.
23 G. capita'ta (Spreng. syst. cur. post. p. 225.) heads
LABIATvE. L. Gardoquia. LI. Glechon.
787
ovate, on long peduncles ; bracteas and calyxes spinose ; leaves
fascicled, linear-oblong, with revolute, quite entire margins, his-
pid, as well as the stem, which is branched. Ji . ? G. Native
of Rio Grande.
Cff^)/7«/e- flowered Gardoquia. Siirub. ?
2i G. spica'ta (Spreng. 1. c.) spikes terminal, villous; leaves
subfascicled, spatulate, almost quite entire, rough, fj . G. Na-
tive of Rio Grande.
Spilccd-ftowered Gardoquia. Shrub. ?
Cull, Most of the species of Gardoquia bear large scarlet
blossoms, and are, therefore, showy, and worth cidtivating. A
light rich soil, or one composed of equal parts of sand, loam,
and peat, will suit the species well. Cuttings strike root rea-
dily in the same kind of soil, with a hand-glass placed over
them.
LI. GLE'CHON (from yXtj-xwy, gleclton, the Greek name
for Pennyroyal ; this genus has been so called from its similarity
to Pennyroyal.) Spreng. syst. cur. post. p. 227. Benth. lab.
p. 405.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx ovate or tubu-
lar, 13-nerved, equal or sub-bdabiate, 5-toothed, the 2 lower
teeth usually the longest. Tube of corolla equalling the calyx,
naked inside; limb bilabiate; upper lip emarginate or semi-bifid,
falcate, arched or galeate, erect, or lying on the lower lip ;
lower lip spreading, with flat entire lobes : lateral lobes the
broadest, often adhering to the upper lip at the base. Two
lower stamens fertile, ascending under the upper lip, or exserted
a little from the notch ; filaments glabrous ; anthers 2-celled :
cells linear, parallel, diverging, or at length divaricate. Style
glabrous, having the upper lobe very short, and the lower one
elongated and flattened. Achenia oblong, smooth, dry.- — Usu-
ally canescent, suffVuticose plants. Leaves for the most part
small ; floral leaves similar to the others, rarely sinaller, and
bractea-formed. Whorls axillary, 2-6-flovvered, rarely disposed
in short racemes towards the tops of the branches. Corollas
yellowish, flesh-coloured, or blue. The galeate upper lip of the
corolla in this genus separates it from all other genera of tribe
McllssinecE.
1 G. SPATULA TA (Benth. lab. p. 406.) leaves petiolate,
roundish-spatulate, subcrenated, thick, clothed with canescent
tomentum on both surfaces ; teeth of calyx short, the 2 lower
ones the longest ; upper lip of corolla erect, subgaleate. Ij . F.
Native ol' Brazil, near Anjo, in the Missions of the Uruguay ;
and near Santa ISIaria, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul,
very jileniiful. Shrub procumbent at the base ; branches
ascending, clothed with tomentose pubescence. Floral leaves
conforming to the rest, shorter than the flowers. Corolla
pubescent.
Spatulate-\e:<ive(\ Glechon. Shrub procumbent.
2 G. thvmoi'des (Spreng. syst. cur. post. p. 227.) leaves
petiolate, obovate, subcrenated, greenish on both surfaces, and
nearly glabrous ; calycine teeth very short, nearly equal ; upper
lip of corolla large, galeate. fj . F. Native of the South of
Brazil, Sello. Branches clothed with hoary pubescence. Leaves
obtuse or emaruinate, glandular beneath : floral ones similar to
the others. Whorls 2-flowered. Corolla twice as long as the
calyx, downy outside.
Thyme-like Glechon. Shrub.
3 G. SERPYLLiFoLiA (St. Hil. mss. cx Bcuth. lab. p. 407.)
leaves small, petiolate, ovate, obtuse, quite entire, greenish on
both surfaces, glabrous ; calycine teeth subulate, rather un-
equal : longer ones equalling the tube ; upper lip of corolla
large, falcate. fj . F. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Cisplatin, among stones from Santa Theresa to Rocha. Branches
prostrate, glabrous, or finely tomcnlose. Leaves 2-3 lines long,
form of those of Thymus. Seipyllum, glandularly dotted ; floral
leaves conforming to the others, but usually a little larger, ex-
ceeding the calyxes. Whorls 2-Howered. Corollas flesh-
coloured, size of those of G. thymoides, but the upper lip is less
incumbent. Perhaps a variety of G. marifoUa.
Serpyllum-lcaved Glechon. Shrub prostrate.
4 G. MARiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 407.) leaves on short petioles,
ovate, quite entire or scarcely crenated, pale on both surfaces,
and finely tomentose ; calycine teeth setaceous, nearly equal,
about equal in length to the tube ; upper lip of corolla erect,
subgaleate. ^ . F. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello.
Shrub procumbent, rooting at the base ; branches clothed with
hoary tomentum. Adult leaves nearly glabrous, glandular on
both surfaces ; floral leaves conforming to the others. Whorls
2, rarely many-flowered. Corollas size of those of G. ihymoides,
pubescent outside.
Cal-Thyme-leaved Glechon. Shrub procumbent.
5 G. cane'scens (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 407.) leaves
nearly sessile, roundish, sub-crenated, canescent on both sur-
faces ; calycine teeth setaceous, nearly equal, equalling the tube
in length ; upper lip of corolla erect, subgaleate. f; . F. Native
of Brazil, in the Missions of the Uruguay, in sandy places,
among palms, near Carapuru, Villanova, &c. ; also in the pro-
vinces Cisplatin and St. Catharine. G. Candida, Benth. mss. in
mus. berol. Rooting at the base ; branches elongated, clothed
with hoary tomentum as well as the leaves ; floral leaves con-
forming to the others. Whorls 2-6-flowered. Corolla flesh-
coloured or yellowish, dotted with purple. Perhaps a variety of
G. marijulia.
Canescent Glechon. Shrub Ig to 2i feet.
6 G. ORiGANiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 40S.) stem hairy; leaves
sessile, broad-ovate, or roundish, crenated, cordate at the base,
green on both surfaces, tomentosely pubescent, or villous ; caly-
cine teeth subulate, lower ones longer than the tube ; corolla
hardly exceeding the calycine teeth ; upper lip galeate. V} ■ F-
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the Juru-
oca mountains, and near Villa Rica, St. Hil. ; South of Brazil,
Sello. Procumbent ; branches elongated. Floral leaves con-
forming to the others, rather shorter than the flowers. Whorls
6-10-flowered. Corolla white or yellowish.
Marjoram-leaved Glechon. Shrub ])rocumbent.
7 G. SQUARRosA (Benth. lab. p. 408.) leaves almost sessile,
ovate, rounded at the base, or sub-cordate, stiff", complicate, gla-
brous, or ciliated ; calycine teeth subulate : lower ones equal in
length to the tube ; upper lip of corolla galeate. fj . F. Na-
tive of Brazil, in humid pastures, near Carrancas, in the province
of Minas Geraes; and in the Campos Geraes, in the province of
St. Paul, St. Hil. ; South of Brazil, Sello. Procumbent at the
base ; branches ascending or erect, glabrous, pubescent, or vil-
lous. Leaves 3-4 lines long, glandular on both surfaces ; floral
leaves conforming to the rest, shorter than the flowers. Whorls
about G-flowered. Corolla white or pale blueish, villous outside,
exceeding the calycine teeth.
Squarrose Glechon. Shrub.
8 G. cilia'ta (Benth. lab. p. 408.) stem pilose ; leaves ovate
or oblong, quite entire, narrowed at the base, green on both sur-
faces, ciliated ; calycine teeth subulate, longer than the tube ;
upper lip of corolla galeate. I7 . F. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Janeiro, ? Sello. Procumbent at the base ;
branches erect, pubescent, or pilose. Leaves i an inch long ;
superior and floral leaves almost sessile : lower ones on short
petioles, quite entire, or furnished with 1 or two teeth, glandular
on both surfaces : floral ones twice the length of the flowers.
Whorls about G-flowered. Corolla longer than the calycine
teeth, villous outside.
5 n 2
788
LABIATyE. LI. Glechon. LII. Keithia.
Ciliated-\ea.ved Glechon. Shrub procumbent.
9 G. ri'ngens (Benth. lab. p. 409.) leaves petiolate, ovate,
quite entire, rather canescent on both surfaces ; floral leaves
small ; calycine teeth lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; corolla
3 times the length of calyx: upper lip elongated, falcate. I; . F.
Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Shrub clothed with hoary
tomentum, with the habit of Helidnlliemum halimijolium. Leaves
glandular ; floral leaves shorter than the calyxes. Corolla
downy outside. Whorls 6-10-flowered.
Ringeni-{[ov/ered Glechon. Shrub erect.
10 G. mvrtoi'des (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 409.)
branches villous ; leaves ovate, crenated, narrowed at the base,
green on both surfaces, or rather canescent beneath, roughish ;
calyx tubular, with lanceolate, acute teeth, which are shorter
than the tube ; upper lip of corolla erect, arched. T^ . G. Na-
tive of Brazil in elevated places, on Serra do Papagaio, in the
province of Minas Geraes. Shrub much branched. Floral
leaves conforming to the others, equalling the calyxes. Corolla
blue, about half again as long as the calyx. Odour of Mentha
Pulegium. Habit between Glechon and Keilhia ruhiucca.
Myrtle- like Glechon. Shrub 3-4-feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Gardoquia, p. 787.
LIL KEITH lA (named in honour of the Rev. Patrick Keith,
F. L. S., a distinguished physiological botanist, and author of
" System of Physiological Botany," two vols. 8vo. London, 1816.)
Benth. lab. p. 409.
Lin. syst. Dmndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, about 13-
nerved, striated, with an equal or oblique mouth, and 5 nearly
equal teeth ; throat naked, or villous inside. Corolla with an
exserted tube, and a bilabiate limb : upper lip erect, eniarginate,
flat : lower lip spreading, trifid, with flat nearly equal lobes.
Two lower stamens fertile, ascending, without any vestiges of
the upper ones ; anthers 2-celled, with a thick connective and
distinct divaricate cells. Lobes of style nearly equal, or the
lower one is longest and flattened, involving the base of tlie
upper one. — Herbs, sub-shrubs, or shrubs. Whorls sometimes
axillary and sometimes approximating into terminal spikes. Co-
rollas usually scarlet. This genus differs from Melissa in the
more regular calyx, and the abortion of the 2 upper stamens,
which latter character alone separates it from Garduquia.
Sect. I. Eriothy'mus (from Epioe, erion, wool ; and Ovfiog,
thymos, thyme; woolly thyme.) Benth. lab. p. 410. A shrub,
with divaricate leafy branches. Cymes pedunculate, few-flow-
ered. Throat of calyx villous inside. Upper lip of corolla
bifid. Perhaps a proper genus.
1 K. rubia'cea (Benth. lab. p. 410.) shrubby; branches and
leaves nearly glabrous ; cyines umbel-formed, clothed with soft
hairs ; calyx acutely toothed. Jj . G. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Minas Geraes, on mountains at Villa Ricca and
elsewhere. Angles of branches pubescent. Leaves | an inch
long, sessile, ovate, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous, rounded or
sub-cordate at the base. Throat of calyx closed by a ring of
hairs. Stamens exserted.
Rubiaceous Keithia. Shrub.
Sect. II. Kei'thia (see genus for derivation.) Benth. lab. p.
410. Branches herbaceous, elongated, procumbent, leafy. Whorls
axillary, few-flowered. Throat of calyx naked inside. Upper
lip of corolla scarcely emarginate.
2 K. scutellarioi des (Benth. lab. p. 410.) branches glabrous
or ciliated on the angles ; leaves glabrous ; flowers nearly ses-
sile ; corolla hardly twice as long as the calyx. % . G. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the top of Mount
Itambe, Mart. ; and in marshes near Silio, &c., South of Brazil,
Sello. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, crenated, cordate at the base.
Whorls usually 6-flowered, secund. Corolla downy outside,
purple. Stamens equalling the corolla.
Skidl-caii-like Keithia. PI. procumbent.
3 K. pilosa (Benth. lab. p. 411.) branches, leaves, and calyxes
pilose ; flowers almost sessile ; corolla more than twice the length
of the calyx. 2/ . ? G. Native of Brazil, in humid pastures, at
Morangara and near Castro in Campos Geraes, in the province
of St. Paul, St. Hil. ; South of Brazil, Sello. Habit of the pre-
ceding, but the flowers are generally solitary, and twice the size.
Corolla deep purple, 9-10 lines long.
Pilose Keithia. PI. procumbent.
4 K. cilia'ta (Benth. lab. p. 732.) erect ; leaves and calyxes
ciliated with long stiff hairs ; whorls sub-racemose ; flowers
sessile ; corolla half again as long as the calyx. 1;. ? F. Na-
tive of Texas. Herb a little branched ; branches clothed with
fine tomentose pubescence. Leaves g to 1 inch long. Whorls
C-flowered.
Ciliated Keithia. PI. \ foot.
Sect. III. Rhabdocau'lon (from pa/3Soc, r/jaftrfo*, a twig ; and
KavKov, kaulon, a stem ; in reference to the twiggy branches.)
Benth. lab. p. 411. Under shrubs or herbs ; branches twiggy,
erect, leafy at the base, or nearly altogether naked. Whorls
approximating into terminal spikes. Calyx acutely toothed ;
throat very villous inside.
5 K. viLLosA (Benth. lab. p. 411.) stem erectish, branched,
clothed with hoary villi ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear, obtuse,
with revolute margins, villous on both surfaces ; racemes spike-
formed, dense, a little branched ; whorls 6-flowered ; flowers
sessile ; corolla about twice as long as the hoary villous calyx,
■y..? F. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Leaves 5 an
inch long. Corollas villous outside. Stamens hardly exserted.
Villous Keithia. PI. li foot.
6 K. lavanduloi'des (Benth. lab. p. 411.) stem erect,
branched, clothed with silky tomentum ; leaves sessile, oblong-
linear, acute, with sub-revolute edges, silky on both surfaces :
racemes spike-formed, dense, interrupted at the base ; whorls
many-flowered ; flowers sessile ; corolla half again as long as
the calyx. 1^ . ? G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, in fields near Congonhas do Campo ; and in humid
places near Fazenda de Carapicuva, in the province of St. Paul,
St. Hil. ; South of Brazil, Sello. Nearly allied to K. villosa, but
differs in the pubescence being short, silky, and adpressed, and
in the corollas being shorter, &c.
Lavender-like Keithia. PI. 1|^ foot. ?
7 K. gra'cilis (Benth. lab, p. 412.) stem herbaceous ; branches
erect, tetragonal, almost naked, nearly glabrous ; raceme termi-
nal ; whorls remote, 2-C- flowered ; teeth of calyx acute, il . ?
F. Native of Brazil, in grassy fields, in the provinces of Minas
Geraes, St. Paul, and Rio Grande do Sul. Stems nearly simple,
glabrous, or with lines of pubescence. Leaves few, 2-3 lines long :
floral ones and bracteas hardly a line long. Corolla purplish,
pubescent, half as long again as the calyx. Stamens inclosed.
Slender Keithia. PI. 1 to H foot.
8 K. denuda'ta (Benth. lab. p. 412.) stem herbaceous;
branches erect, somewhat articulated, nearly naked, glabrous ;
racemes short, terminal, dense ; flowers pedicellate ; corolla
more than twice as long as the calyx, which is pubescent. 11.. 1
F. Native of Brazil, in dry desert fields, in the province of
Minas Geraes, Mart, and St. Hil. ; South of Brazil, Sello.
Stems rising from a hard base, almost simple. Leaves few, ses-
LABIATE. LII. Keithia. LIII. Tuymbra. LIV. Dicerandra. LV. Pogogvne.
789
sile, 6-8 lines long, linear, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous : floral
ones smaller. Racemes branched a little. Corolla clothed with
silky villi outside. Stamens hardly cxserted.
Naked-hranched Keithia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. IV. Gymnocy'lix (from yvfivog, gymnos, naked ; and
KvXii,, ki/lij:, a calyx ; in allusion to the throat of the calyx being
naked inside.) Benth. lab. p. 112. Herbs, with erect, strict,
nearly naked branches. Whorls few-flowered, distinct, sub-
racemose. Calyx bluntly toothed ; throat naked inside.
9 K. cocci'nea (Benth. lab. p. 412.) branches tetragonal, like
other species, but sub-articulated, glabrous ; whorls few, sub-
racemose towards the tops of the branches. If.? G. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on Mount Itanibe,
ISIart. ; and in marshes on Serra da Ibitipoca, St. Hil. Branches
and leaves altogether as in A", dcnudala. Whorls usually 2-
flowered. Flowers on short pedicels. Corolla scarlet, more
than an inch long, about 3 times as long as the calyx. Stamens
exserted.
<S'caj-/e<-flowered Keithia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Gardhquia, p. 787.
LIII. THY'MBRA {Ovfiftpa, t/ujmbra, is the Greek name for
a sweet-scented herb.) Lin. gen. no. 708. Schreb. gen. no.
962. Juss. gen. 115. Benth. lab. 413.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymiwspennia. Calyx erect, oblong,
flat above, bilabiate ; upper lip tridentate, erect ; lower lip bifid;
throat villous inside. Tube of corolla a little exserted ; upper
lip erect, emarginate, flattish ; lower lip spreading trifid, with flat
lobes, middle lube rather the largest. Stamens 4, ascending
under the upper lip, lower ones the longest ; anthers approxi-
mate by pairs, 2-celled : cells distinct, parallel. Style about
equally bifid at apex ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at top. An
under shrub, with the habit of Hyssopus, and the characters of
Melissa.
1 T. spicA^TA (Lin. spec. 795.) (^ . F. Native of the region
of the Mediterranean, on dry hills, among heath ; as of Achaia,
Melos, Samos, Cyprus, Candia ; Asia Minor, about Smyrna, and
of Palestine. Sibth. et Smith, fl. gricc. 6. p. 37. t. 540. T.
verticillata, Lin. spec. p. 796. ; this is a monstrous garden
variety. ? T. ambigua, Clarke, trav. 4. p. 239. — Barr. icon.
281. t. 1230.— Plukn. phyt. t. 116. f. 5. A stiff, hard, procum-
bent shrub, with ascending hardly pubescent branches. Leaves
of the sterile branches small, decussate, obtuse ; those of the
fertile branches an inch long, linear, acute, stiff, flat or compli-
cate, ciliated. Whorls many-flowered, disposed in spikes, which
are sometimes interrupted. Floral leaves and bracteas broad-
lanceolate, acute, coloured, ciliated, and closely imbricated with
the flowers, and covering the calyxes. Calyx glabrous or
ciliated on the nerves. Corolla purple.
Sjiicate-Rowered Thymbra. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1699. Shrub
■^ to 1 foot.
Cult. This is a plant well fitted for rockwork, or to be grown
in pots among other Alpine plants. A poor stony or gravelly
soil suits it best ; for in no other soil will it survive our winter
without shelter. The plant is readily propagated by young
cuttings and by seed.
tridentate ; lower lip bifid ; throat pilose inside. Corolla bilabi-
ate, with an exserted, straight tube, which is naked inside. Sta-
mens 4, didynamous, ascending, approximate : lower ones the
longest ; anthers 2-celled : cells divaricate, spuirud at top :
spurs in both cells equal, straight, acute, and length of the cells.
Style villous, bifid at top ; lubes subulate, equal, stigmatiferous
at top. This genus is readily distinguished by the form of the
anthers.
1 D. linea'ris (Benth. 1. c.) ^ . ? F. Native of Carolina, be-
tween the rivers Flint and Chatahouchie, Elliott. Ceranthera
linearifolia, Elliott, 1. c. Habit of the narrow-leaved variety of
hyssop. Stems erect, twiggy, ])ubescent. Leaves sessile, nar-
row, ^ to 1 inch long, quite entire, glabrous, fascicled in the
axils. Whorls 6-flovvered. Corolla twice as long as the calyx,
downy.
iinear-leaved Dicerandra. PI. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation, see T/iymbia, above.
LV. POGO'GYNE (from Trwywi', pogon, a beard ; and yvyi],
gyne, a female ; in reference to the villous style.) Benth. lab.
p. 414.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospcrmia. Calyx about 13-nerved,
campanulate, striated ; teeth straight, lanceolate, tiie 2 lower
ones twice as long as the 3 upper ones ; throat naked inside,
Corolla bilabiate ; tube exserted, straight, naked inside ; upper
lip erect, flattish, entire ; lower lip spreading, trifid, with flat en-
tire lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, approximate at
apex, lower 2 the longest ; anthers 2-celled: cells parallel, dis-
tinct, mutic. Style villous, bifid at apex ; lobes subulate, equal,
stigmatiferous at top. — Herbs. Whorls densely spicate at the
tops of the branches. Floral leaves, bracteas, and calyxes cili-
ated with long white hairs.
1 P. Dougla'sii (Benth. lab. p. 414.) floral leaves and brac-
teas exceeding the flowers ; stamens shorter than the corolla ;
lower calycine teeth more than twice as long as the tube. 1/ . ?
F. Native of North California, Douglas. Stems a little branch-
ed, quite glabrous. Leaves petiolate, 1 to Ih inch long, oblong,
obtuse, quite entire, green, glabrous. Corolla purplish ? ; throat
pilose inside.
Douglas's Pogogync. PI. 1 foot.
2 P. multiflora (Benth. lab. p. 414.) floral leaves and
bracteas shorter than the corollas ; stamens exserted. Tf . ? F.
Native of North California, Douglas. This ditters from F.
Douglasii, in the stem being divaricately branched ; in the
spikes being smaller, and more numerous ; and in the flowers
being smaller. Lower calycine teeth hardly twice as long as
the tube. ,
Many-Jlowered Pogogyne. PI. 1 foot. ?
3 P. PARViFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 414.) floral leaves exceed-
ing the flowers ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; lower caly-
cine teeth hardly longer than the tube. ^ . ? F. Native of
North California, Douglas. Allied to P. Douglasii ; but the
spikes are hardly an inch long; the leaves narrower and smaller,
and the flowers one half smaller.
Small-Jlowered Pogogyne. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Prunella, p. 791.
LIV. DICERA'NDRA (from etc, dis, twice, KtpaQ, keras, a
horn, and avi)p aiSpog, aner andros, a male ; the anthers are 2-
horned, each of the cells being spurred at top.) Benth. in hot.
reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 413. Ceranthera, Elliott, bot. car. 2. p. dH.
but not of Beauv.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnos'perm.ia. Calyx about 13-nerved,
tubular, striated, bilabiate ; upper lip spreading, entire, or shortly
Tribe VI.
SCUTELLAIU'NEyE (this tribe contains plants agreeing
with the genus Scutellaria in the characters given below.)
Benth. lab. p. 416. Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip truncate, entire,
or sub-tridentate. Tube of corolla exserted, ascending, annulate
inside or naked ; upper lip of limb arched. Stamens 4, ascend-
790
LABIATJE. LVI. Prunella.
ing under the upper lip, didynamous : tlie 2 lower ones the
longest.
LVI. PRUNE'LLA (from the German die Braune, a disease
of the jaws and throat which this plant is said to cure.) Lin.
gen. no. 735. Schreb. gen. no. 990. Benlh. lab. p. 416. Bru-
neila, Toiirn. inst. t. 84. Juss. gen. p. 116. Moench, meth. F.
Hamilt. mon. in Ser. bull. bot. 1. p. 153.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnosperm'ia. Calyx tubularly
campanulate, irregularly somewhat 10-nerved, and reticulately
veined, flat above, bilabiate ; upper lip flat, broad, truncate,
shortly tridentate : lower lip semi-bifid, with lanceolate seg-
ments ; throat naked inside. Tube of corolla ample, exserted,
ascending, annulate inside, near the base, with short hairs or
scales, inflated under the throat beneath, and a little contracted
at tiie throat ; upper lip erect, galeate, rather carinated above,
entire ; lower lip dependent, with the lateral lobes oblong and
deflexed, and the middle lobe roundish concave and crenulated.
Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending : lower 2 the longest ; fila-
ments toothless' at the base, glabrous, shortly bidentate at top,
especially tlic upper ones; the lower tooth antlieriferous. Anthers
approximate by pairs under the upper lip, free, 2-celled : cells
distinct, divaricate. Style glabrous, bifid at top ; lobes subulate,
stigmatiferous at the extremity. Achenia oblong, dry, smooth.
— Herbs. Whorls C-flowered, densely spicate. Floral leaves
bractea- formed, orbicular, permanent, equalling the calyxes, and
imbricated with tliem.
1 P. HYssopiFoLiA (Lin. spec. 837. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 366.
under Brunella.) leaves sessile, oblong, or lanceolate, quite
entire, strigosely hispid ; lateral teeth of upper lip of calyx lan-
ceolate. If. H. Native of Spain, South of France and Pied-
mont, in dry open places. Brunella Canadensis. Mill. diet,
no. 2. P. byssopifolia, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 42. t. 243. —
Mor. hist. 3. p. 364. sect. 11. t. 5. f. 7. Stems ascending, and
like the leaves stifFer than in P. vulgaris. Superior leaves
somewhat stem clasping. Corollas smaller than those of P.
grandiflora, but larger than those of P. vulgaris, purple, rarely
white.
H7jsso2]-leaved Se\t-hea\. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub
I to 1 foot.
2 P. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. spec.
under Brunella.) leaves petio-
late, ovate, quite entire or tooth- FIG. 81.
ed ; lateral teeth of upper lip of
calyx lanceolate ; corollas large,
more than twice as long as the
calyxes. T^.H. Native through-
out Europe, along with P. vul-
garis, in woods and other shady
places. Jacq. austr. 4. t. 377.
Curt.bot.mag. t. 337. and 2014.
P. speciosa, Wender. schrift.
nat. gesel. marb. ex Benth. P.
hastaefolia, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p.
181. This hardly differs from P.
vulgaris, unless in the size of
the flowers. Herb glabrous or
villous. Leaves usually toothed
at the base, sometimes sub-has-
tate, and sometimes quite entire.
Corolla more than an inch long, violet or purple, seldom white.
Great-flowered Self-heal. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1598. PI.
^ to I foot.
3 P. vuLGA^Ris (Lin. spec. p. 837.) leaves petiolate, ovate or
oblong, entire, toothed or deeply pinnatifid : teeth of upper lip
Moench. meth. 414.
of calyx truncate, awned or almost mutic, rarely sub-lanceolate ;
corolla half as long again as the calyx, or scarcely twice as long
as the calyx. %. H. Native throughout the world in temperate
regions, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and Australia. Stems
branched from the base ; branches decumbent at the base. Plant
glabrous or pilose. Corollas violaceous, purple, white, rarely
pale red.
I'ar. a, hispida (Benth. lab. p. 417.) stem and leaves villously
hispid; leaves almost entire. IJ.H. Native of the mountains
of India and South of Europe. P. hispida, Benth. in Wall, pi.
asiat. rar. 1. p. 66. P. hirsiita, Wender. schrift, nat. gesel.
marb. ? P. hirta, Bernh. ? ex Benth. Corollas violaceous.
Far. P, vulgaris, (Benth. lab. p. 417.) leaves entire, ovate or
oblong, glabrous or sparingly hispid. It-.H. Native of Europe
and Asia, very plentiful, America, Australia. P. vulgaris, Lin.
spec. p. 837. Hook, fl. lond. vol. 3. icon. Curt. lond. 4. t. 42.
Fl. dan. 910. Mart. fl. rust. t. 137. Smith, engl. bot. t. 961.
Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 32. P. officinalis, Crantz, fl. austr. 279.
P. intermedia, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 180. but not of Rchb. P. lati-
folia, Donn. hort. cant. P. reptans, Dumort, fl. belg. p. 44. P.
surrecta, Dumort, fl. belg. p. 44. P. Fischeriana, F. Hamilt.
mon. p. 164.? P. Pennsylvanica, Willd. enum. p. 631. P.
Caroliniana, Will. diet. no. 6. P. aequinoxialis, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 323. t. 162. P. ovata, Pers. ench. 2. p.
137. Riv. mon. t. 29. f. 1. Mill. fig. t. 70. f. 2. Corolla
violaceous, seldom white or red. This plant being astringent, it
was formerly used in fluxes and in gargarisms, for aphtha and
inflammations of the fauces. It was considered as one of the
best vulnerary herbs, but is now out of use.
far. y, elongala, (Benth. lab. p. 417.) leaves entire, oblong-
lanceolate, glabrous or sparingly villous. % . H. Native of
North America, plentiful, but rare in Asia and Europe. P.
elongata, Dougl. niss. B. Pennsylvanica, Willd. enum. p. 631.
B. Australacica, Moric. ex Hamilt. mon. p. 162. t. 7. f. A. B.
P. angustifolia, Wender. schrift, nat. gesel. Marb. ? ex Benth.
Corollas violaceous.
Var. 6, parviflora, (Bentli. lab. p. 417.) leaves almost entire,
ovate, sparingly hispid ; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx.
X- H. Native of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean.
B. parviflora, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 711.
Var. £, iVuinatifida (Benth. lab. p. 418.) cauline leaves all or
many of them cut or pinnatifid ; corollas purple. %. H. Na-
tive of the South of Europe. P. longifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p.
137. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 6. p. 21. t. 588. P. pinnatifida,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 137. P. incisa. Link, enum. 2. p. 121. ? P.
dissecta, Wender. schrift. nat. gesell. Marb. ? P. vulgaris pin-
natifida, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 39. t. 239.
Var. l, laciniata (Benth. lab. p. 418.) cauline leaves deeply
pinnatifid, or the lower ones are entire ; corollas white or cream-
coloured. 11 . H. Native of Europe, plentifid, but rare in
North America. P. laciniata, Lin. spec. p. 837. Jacq. fl. austr.
4. p. 41. t. 378. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 38. t. 239. B.
sulfurea. Mill. diet. no. 5. P. alba. Pall ex Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p.
67. B. verbense foliis, Vaill, bot. par. t. 5. f. 1.
Common Self-heal. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PL \ to 1 foot.
Cull. All the species and varieties of Prunella are showy when
in blossom, and are therefore well fitted for decorating the front
of flower borders, or ornamenting rockwork. They grow in any
common garden soil, but prefer a moist, shady situation ; for in
rich land, or in an open situation, they selJom continue more
than two years. They are readily increased by division and by
seed. The seed should be sown in autumn as soon as gathered,
and the plants will rise early in spring ; but if the sowing be
deferred till spring, the plants seldom rise until the spring of the
following vear.
LABIAT.E. LVII. Cleonia. LVIII. ScuTELLAniA.
791
LVII. CLEO*NIA (probably adopted by Linnseus from
Cleonicium of Pliny, and kXtwitkio)' of Dioscorides.) Lin. gen.
no. 7:36. Schreb. gen. no. 991. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 66. Brunella
species, Lam. et Juss.
Lin. sysT. D'ldijnamia, Gymnospennia. Calyx campanulate,
10-nerved, obliquely bilabiate; upper lip broad, shortly triden-
tate ; lower lip bifid, with pilose sinuses. Tube of corolla slen-
der, exserted, ascending, naked inside, and the throat a little
dilated ; upper lip erect, galeate, keeled, entire ; lower lip short,
dependent, with oblong, erectish, lateral lobes, and a spreading,
emarginately bifid middle lobe. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascend-
ing ; lower two longest ; filaments toothless at the base, gla-
brous, but shortly bifurcate at apex, the upper fork subulate,
and the lower fork a little flattened and antheriferous ; anthers
appro.ximate by pairs, 2-celled : cells divaricate. Style shortly
quadrifid at apex, with nearly equal subulate lobes, which are
stigmatiferous at top. Achenia large, orbicular, a little com-
pressed. This genus has most of the characters of Prunella,
with the corolla of Scutellaria.
1 C. Lusita'nica (Lin. spec. p. 837.) Q. H. Native of Spain,
in the sterile fields of Arragon ; Portugal, Barbary. Mill. fig.
t. 70. f. 1. Prunella intermedia, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3 — 4. t.
205, but not of Brot. Buoula, Gtertn. fruct. 1. p. 318. t. 66. f.
7.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 363. and 391. sect. 11. t. 5. f. 4. Habit of
Prunella vulgaris, var. laciniata. Stem branched at the base ;
branches hispid. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate or linear,
green, rather hispid. Whorls 6-flovvered, disposed in loose
spikes. Corollas form and size of those of Scutellaria galericu-
lata, blue or violet, pubescent outside, 3 times as long as the
calyx.
Portugal Cleonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710. PI. \ to 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of Cleonia should be sown in autumn, and
the plants will come up the following spring ; as seeds sown in
the spring frequently take a whole year to vegetate.
LVIII. SCUTELLA^RIA (from sculella, z. little saucer; in
reference to the form of the calyx.) Lin. gen. no. 734. Schreb.
gen. no. 989. Juss. gen. no. 117. Benth. lab. p. 419. Cas-
sida, Tourn. inst. t. 84, Moench.
Lin. sysT. Didijnamia, Gymnospennia. Calyx campanulate,
bilabiate ; lips entire, from the coalition of the sepals, closed
after the falling of the corollas, and at length cleft even to the
base : superior lip furnished with a dilated scale at top, which is
concave above, falling away at maturity : lower lip permanent.
Tube of corolla much exserted, naked inside, straight or usually
recurvedly ascending beyond the calyx, dilated into the throat
above; limb bilabiate; upper lip entire at apex, or emarginate ;
lower lip spreadingly dilated, convex, emarginate at apex ; the
lateral lobes sometimes free and spreading, but usually joined to
the upper lip, rarely to the lower lip. Stamens 4, ascending un-
der the galea, didynamous ; the 2 lower ones the longest. An-
thers approximate by pairs, ciliated, those of the lower stamens
dimidiate, and those of the superior stamens 2-celled, cordate ;
cells sub-divaricate. Superior lobe of style very short; lower
one stigmatiferous at top. Ovarium oblique, elevated upon the
incurved gynophore. Achenia dry, naked, tubercled, glabrous
or clothed with adpressed tomentutn. — Annual or perennial
herbs, rarely shrubs. Inflorescence sometimes tetragonally spi-
cate, with membranoHs, sub-imbricated coloured floral leaves ;
sometimes racemose, w ith small floral leaves ; sometimes axillary,
with the floral leaves almost similar to the cauline leaves. Pe-
duncles solitary, 1 -flowered in the axils of the floral leaves,
short, usually opposite, except in sect. Hetcranlhesia, in which
both the floral leaves and flowers are scattered. Bracteas almost
wanting. Corollas blue or yellow, rarely purple or scarlet.
Sect. I. Lupulina'ria (so called from containing .S". lupullna.)
A. Hamilt. mon. p. 11. Benth. lab. p. 423. § 1. Sjjiciltse,
Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 18. Floral leaves usually membranous.
Flowers disposed in tetragonal spikes; or sub-racemose, and
scarcely secund.
1 S. orienta'lis (Lin. spec. p. 834.) stems procumbent : leaves
petiolate, ovate, deeply toothed or pinnatifid, hoary beneath ; flo-
ral leaves membranous, entire,
sub-imbricated; spikes tctrago- FIG. 82.
nal, oblong. 1/ . H. Native of
the South-east of Europe and
Middle Asia, among rocks and
on calcareous mountains ; as of
Croatia, Syria, Persia, Armenia,
Tauria, and Caucasus : Altaian
mountains, Himalaya, Kanaour,
&c. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
6. p. 64. t. 580. Rchb. icon.
bot. eur. 1. p. 10. t. 8. f 17.
Sims, bot. mag. 2120. S. Sie-
versii, Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. 2.
p. 394. fl.ro5S. alt. ill.t. 123. S.
Caucasica, Arth. Hamilt. mon.
141. — Tourn. itin. 3. p. 306.
icone. — Comm. rar. 30. icone. —
Mart. cent. t. IS. Stems much
branched, radicant, creeping ; branches ascending, clothed with
fine hoary tomentum. Leaves obtuse, cuneately truncate at the
base. Corolla yellow, pubescent. The floral leaves vary much
in size. (fig. 82.)
Var. /S, pinnatijida (Lin. spec. p. 834. Rchb. icon. bot. eur.
1. p. 10. t. 8. {. 16.) leaves smaller, deeply pinnatifid. 11. H.
Native of the region of the Mediterranean. S. orientalis incana,
foliis laciniatis, flore luteo, Tourn. cor. 11.
Eastern Skullcap. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1729. PI. J foot.
2 S. grandifl6ra (Sims, bot. mag. t. 635.) stems procum-
bent ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, deeply toothed, hoary
from soft tomentum beneath, or on both surfaces ; floral leaves
entire, rather membranous, imbricate ; spikes tetragonal, oblong.
%. H. Native of the Altaian mountains, in stony places at the
river Tschuja. S. pulchella, Bunge, enum. crit. pi. alt. ined.
Allied to »S'. orientalis, but with a different habit and leaves.
Branches smoothish. Leaves not half the size of those of .S'.
orientalis. Floral leaves greenish, pubescent. Corollas red,
with a yellow lip, about the size of those of S. orientalis.
Greal-Jlowered Skullcap. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. \
foot.
3 S. prostra'ta (Jacquemont, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 733.)
stems prostrate ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, deeply crenated,
green on both surfaces, and clothed with soft pubescence ; floral
leaves quite entire, rather membranous, imbricate ; spikes tetra-
gonal, oblong, i;. H. Native of the North of India, about
Pangui, Rarang, and Choupienna, Jacquemont. Habit and
form of leaves of 6'. grandifbra, and the flowers oi S. orientalis;
but diflfers from both in the leaves being green on both surfaces.
Corolla yellowish, size of that of S. orientalis : upper lip viola-
ceous above.
Prostrate Skullcap. PI. prostrate.
4 S. FRUTicosA (Desf cat. hort. par. p. 63. ? Benth. lab. p.
424.) stems suffruticose ; branches ascending, clothed with hoary
tomentum or wool ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-cordate,
deeply crenated ; floral leaves ovate, quite entire, wrinkled,
hoary, and rather woolly ; flowers opposite, subsecund ? race-
mose. Tj . F. Native of Syria, near Aleppo, Russel ; Persia,
Persoon. ? Stems numerous, branched a little, clothed with
white wool on the upper part. Leaves similar to those of.S.
792
LABIATE. LVIII. Scutellaria.
orientals. Corollas size of those of S. orientalis, with a yellow
tube, and blueish-jellow lips.
Shrubby Skullcap. Shrub ascending.
5 S. pinnati'fida (Arth. Hamilt. mon. 16. t. 2. f. 2.) the
whole plant pilose ; leaves ovate, of the same colour on both
surfaces, petiolate, pinnatifid : lobes oblong, obtuse ; flowers
loosely imbricated into a spike ; bracteas ovate, toothed, colour-
ed a little. 1/. H. Native of tiie Levant, between Kermancha
and Amadan. Tiiis dift(;rs from S. orientalis, in the flowers
being a little larger ; in the bracteas being pinnatifid ; in the
leaves being deeply cut, and in being covered with wool on both
surfaces.
PinnatifdAeaved Skullcap. PI. ^ foot.?
C S. ALpfNA (Lin. spec. p. 834.) stems procumbent; leaves
nearly sessile, or on short petioles, ovate, serrately crenated, of
the same colour on both surfaces ; floral leaves membranous,
imbricated; spikes tetragonal, oblong. 7;. H. Native of the
Pyrenees, Switzerland, Upper Italy, Calabria, Croatia, Galicia,
Siberia, in all temperate parts, and on the Altaic mountains.
All. ped. p. 142. t. 26. f. 3. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 146.
t. 187. Sweet, fl. gard. 1. t. 90. Bot. reg. 1460. S. Altaica,
Fisch. cat. hort. gorenki. p. 39. Sweet, fl. gard. 1. t. 45. S.
▼ariegata, Spreng. fil. tent. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 229. no. 52. t. 48.
S. compressa, Arth. Hamilt. mon. p. 29. Habit of >S'. orientalis.
Branches pilose or pubescent. Leaves gteen, pubescent, or
pilose ; floral leaves coloured, pilose. Corolla altogether purple,
or the tube and lower lip is yellow, 12-15 lines long.
Var. /3, liilea ; flowers yellow. %. H. S. lupuiina, Lin.
spec. p. 835. Schmidt, icon. t. 73. Bot. reg. 1493. S. verna,
Bess. prim. fl. gal. 2. p. 43.
Alpine Skullcap. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1752, /3. 1731. PI.
procumbent.
Sect. IL Heteranthe'sia (from erepoe, heteros, variable;
and ai'Qoc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the flowers being
scattered, not opposite, as in the other sections.) Benth. lab.
p. 425. § 2. Racemosae, floribus sparsis, Benth. in bot. reg.
vol. 18. Floral leaves small, green. Flowers racemose, secund,
all or only the upper ones scattered, not opposite.
7 S. LONGiEOLiA (Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 18. lab. p. 425.)
glabrous ; stems erect ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, remotely toothed, roundly cuneated at the base ; floral
leaves linear, minute, deciduous ; racemes elongated, a little
branched ; flowers secund, scattered ; corolla 8 times as long as
the calyx, which is glabrous. 1/. F. Native of New Spain.
Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla scarlet, pubescent, more than an
inch long : lips short, erect.
Long-leaved Skullcap. PI. 1| foot.
8 S. MULTiFLORA (Benth. 1. c. lab. p. 426.) stems erect, finely
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, bluntly and sinu-
ately toothed, roundly truncate at the base ; floral leaves lanceo-
late-linear, rather longer than the calyxes ; racemes elongated,
simple ; flowers secund, scattered ; corolla 5 times the length of
the calyx, which is villous. If. F. Native of New Spain,
Mo^ino et Sesse. Stem a little branched. Leaves similar to
those of <S". longifblia, but broader ; floral leaves permanent.
Flowers sometimes alternate, usually many, and collected into
false whorls. Corolla purple? 10-11 lines long, incurved, vil-
lous.
Many-flowered Sk\x\\ca\). PI. 1 foot.?
9 S. ATRiPLicirbLiA (Benth. 1. c. lab. 426.) plant clothed
with hoary pubescence ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, bluntish,
almost quite entire or repand, truncate at the base, and subcor-
date, rather fleshy ; floral leaves ovate, acuminated, rather
longer than the calyxes ; racemes elongated, simple ; flowers
secund, scattered ; corolla about 6 times the length of the calyx.
If . ? G. Native of Peru ? Pavon. Lower flowers opposite :
upper ones falsely verticillate. Floral leaves deciduous. Co-
rolla about an incli long, almost straight, nearly glabrous.
Atriplex-leaved Skullcap. PI. 1 foot. ?
10 S. cocci'nea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 325.)
stems erect, branched, downy ; leaves oblong, obtuse at both
ends, quite entire, glabrous, of a violet-purple colour beneath ;
racemes terminal ; flowers scattered. If. G. Native of New
Granada. ? Roots fascicled, terete, nearly simple. Leaves
sometimes puberulous beneath, about 2 inches long. Pedicels
and petioles pubescent. Bracteas lanceolate, obtuse, pubescent,
equalling the pedicels. Corolla scarlet, smoothish.
(S'carfe^-flowered Skullcap. PI. 1 foot. ?
11 S. incarna'ta (Vent, choix. t. 39.) stems erect, pubes-
cent, branched ; leaves cordate, toothed, tomentose beneath ;
spikes terminal, secund ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, equalling the
pedicels. 1/ . ? G. Native near Santa Fe de Bogota. Leaves
petiolate, 1-3 inches long, pubescent above. Calyx tubular,
compressed, villous, nearly entire. Corolla pubescent, of a
beautiful red, 6 times the length of the calyx.
Flesli-coloured-i{o\\ereA Skull-cap. PI. 1 foot. ?
12 S. TUBiFLORA (Benth. 1. c. lab. p. 427.) stems ascending,
branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, coarsely
crenated, rounded at the base, rather hispid above, and clothed
with soft pubescence beneath ; floral leaves ovate, imbricate be-
fore the expansion of the flowers ; racemes simple ; flowers
secund, scattered ; corolla 6 times as long as the calyx. 1/ . ?
G. Native of the South of Brazil, Sello. Herb many-stemmed ;
branches terete. Leaves an inch long, pubescent : floral leaves
rather large. Corolla an inch long, with a slender tube.
Tube-flowered Skullcap. PI. 1 foot. ?
13 S. ULiGiNosA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 427.) stems
ascending or erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
coarsely crenated, rounded or subcordate at the base, almost
glabrous on both surfaces ; floral leaves small, loose ; racemes
simple; flowers subsecund, scattered; corolla 5 times as long
as the calyx. 2/ . ? G. Native of Brazil, in boggy parts of
woods in the province of St. Paul, St. Hil. Branches terete.
Leaves twice the size of those of S. tubiflora, sometimes gla-
brous, and sometimes rather pilose ; the upper surfaces hispid.
Floral leaves oblong, rather shorter than the calyxes, glabrous.
Corolla scarcely \ an inch long, blue, with a white palate and
slender tube.
Bog Skullcap. PI. i to 1 foot.
14 S. EREViFLORA (Benth. 1. c. lab. p. 427.) glabrous ; stems
erect ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, bluntly and sinuately
toothed, roundly truncate at the base ; floral leaves lanceolate-
linear, rather longer than the calyxes ; racemes elongated, sim-
ple, loose ; flowers secund, scattered; corolla about 3 times as
long as the calyx, which is glabrous. Tf . G. Native of Peru,
Pavon. Intermediate between >S'. multiflora and S. uliginbsa.
Leaves H to 2 inches long. Corolla glabrous, bluish, 4-5 lines
long, with a spreading limb.
Short-flowered &k\\\\caY>. PI. 1| foot.
15 S. purpura'scens (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1013.) stems
erectish, humble, finely pubescent, or almost glabrous ; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, sinuately crenated, very broadly
truncate at the base, rounded or subcordate, rather hispid above,
glabrous beneath, or on both surfaces ; floral leaves minute, de-
ciduous ; racemes loose ; flowers secund, scattered, or the lower
ones are opposite ; calyxes shorter than the pedicels, large, and
nearly glabrous in the fructiferous state. If . G. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Bahia ; and of Caraccas ; also of the
West Indies, in Guadaloupe and St. Vincent. S. Felisberti,
Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 77. Herb slender,
LABIAT;E. LVIII. Scutellaria.
793
flaccid. Floral leaves minute. Corolla half an inch long,
pubescent, purplish.
Pi(;7)/;xA-flowered Skullcap. Fl. June, Julv. Clt. 1S20.
PI. i loot.
16 S. agre'stis (St. Hil. mss. ex Bentli. lab. p. 428.) stems
erectish, finely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, ob-
tuse, sinuatcly crenated, cordate at tlie base, rather hispid above,
and nearly gl.abrous beneath ; floral leaves minute, almost want-
ing ; racemes short, simple ; flowers scarcely secund, scattered.
7/ . G. Native of Brazil, at San Miguel da Jetiquinhonha, in
the province of Bahia. Herb much branched at the base.
Branches, petioles, and nerves of leaves, canescent from fine to-
mentum. Leaves i to 1 inch long, green on both surfaces.
Corolla blue, about 4 lines long. Nearly allied to the pre-
ceding.
Field Skullcap. PI. i to | foot.
17 S. Di'scoLOR (Colebr. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 66.)
stems rooting at the base, leafy, ascending, almost naked above ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, roundly cuneated at
the base : lower leaves cordate : floral ones minute ; racemes
elongated, somewhat branched at the base ; flowers secund,
scattered. '2^. F. Native of Nipaul and Silhet. S. I'ndica,
D. Don, prod. fl. ncp. p. 109. but not of Lin. Leaves I5 to 2
inches long, pubescent on both surfaces, usually purplish be-
neath. Corolla hardly downy outside, violaceous, | an inch
long.
Tno-colou>-ed-\ea\ed Skullcap. PI. 1 to Ij- foot.
Sect. IIL Stachy'macris (from rrraxyg, stackys, a spike ;
and iiaicpoc, macros, long ; in reference to the long spikes or ra-
cemes of flowers.) Arth. Hamilt. mon. p. 17. Benth. lab. 428.
§ 2. Racemosse, * * floribus oppositis, Benth. in hot. reg. vol. 18.
Floral leaves green, small, different in form from the cauline
leaves. Flowers racemose, secund, oj)posite.
IS S. Lndica (Lin. spec. p. 833. but not of D. Don.) stems
procumbent at the base ; branches ascending, villous ; leaves
small, petiolate, roundish, crenated, cordate at the base, clothed
with soft pubescence on both surfaces ; floral leaves minute ;
racemes almost simple, dense ; flowers opposite, secund ; flori-
ferous calyxes pubescent, shorter than the pedicels ; lower lip of
corolla very broad. "Ji. G. Native of China, near Macao, Sir
G. Staunton ; Japan, Thunb. ; Java, in hedges about Tugu, in
the province of Buitenzorg, Blume. — Pluck, aim. t. 441. f. 1. ?
Leaves scarcely h an inch long, form of those of Ground-ivy.
Corolla smoothish, white, ex Thunb. Anthers of upper stamens
bearded.
Indian .Skullcap. PI. | to 1 foot.
19 S. Japonica (Morren, et Decaisne, in ann. so. nat. par.
1834. 2. p. 315.) stems prostrate at the base; branches ascend-
ing, quadrifariously puberulous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, coarsely
crenated, rounded at the base, glabrous, petiolate ; floral leaves
becoming gradually smaller ; flowers opposite, loose ; calyx
rather pilose; corolla pubescent, blue. If.. H. Native of
Japan, Siebold.
Japan .Skullcap. PI. ascending.
20 S. Colebrookia'na (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 67.) stem
erect, branched, finely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
roundish, obtuse, crenated : lower leaves cordate at the base :
upper leaves deltoid, roundly truncate at the base, all finely pu-
bescent on both surfaces : floral leaves minute ; raceme simple,
loose ; flowers opposite, secund ; floriferous c.ilyxes pubescent,
shorter than the pedicels, but increased and glabrous in the
fructiferous state ; lower lip of corolla very broad. %. . G.
Native of the Peninsula of India. Allied to S, violacea ; but
VOL. IV.
the stem is firmer and more branched, and the form of the
leaves is different. Leaves scarcely an inch long,
Colehrooke's .Skullcap. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
21 S. viola'cea (Heyne, ex Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 60.
Benth. lab. p. 429.) stem erect or ascending, pubescent; leaves
petiolate, cordate-ovate, crenated, rather hispid above, and pu-
bescent beneath, or glabrous ; floral leaves sessile, ovate, shorter
than the pedicels ; raceme loose, nearly simple ; flowers oppo-
site, secund. 1{. . G. Native of the Indian Peninsula, Ceylon,
&c. S. I'ndica, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 45. but not of Lin. Stem
a little branched, hispid, or pubescent, rarely almost glabrous.
Corolla ^ an inch long, violaceous.
I'ar. fl, hispidior (Benth. lab. p. 429.) plant more hispid. 1/.
G. S. Wightiina, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 07. S.
nodulosa, Arth. Hamilt. mon. p. 26.?
/ io/aceo«s-flowered Skullcap. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
22 S. oblonga (Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 18. lab. p. 429.)
stems ascending, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic,
acutish, subserrated at apex, rounded at the base, and quite en-
tire, almost glabrous ; floral leaves ovate, minute ; raceme loose,
almost simple ; flowers opposite, secund ; calyxes equalling the
pedicels: fructiferous ones large, nearly glabrous ; loner lip of
corolla very broad. 7^..S. Native of Ceylon, Macrae. Very
nearly allied to S. violacea, but diflfers in stature, inflorescence,
and flowers. Leaves scarcely an inch long.
06/ong'-leaved Skullcap. PI. procumbent. ?
23 S. incu'rva (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 67. Benth. lab.
p. 430.) stems ascending, branched, pubescent ; leaves almost
sessile, oblong-elliptic, acute, remotely serrated, nearly glabrous ;
floral leaves minute ; racemes terminal, simple ; flowers oppo-
site, secund ; pedicels 3 times as long as the calyxes ; tube of
corolla slender, incurved ; lips of corolla deeply cleft : the upper
lip large, cucullate, the lower one shorter. 1/. S. Native near
Ava, on Mount Taong Dong.
/wciirvcrf-flovvered Skullcap. PI. ascending.
24 S. GRossA (Wall. 1. c. Benth. 1. c.) stems procumbent at
the base ; branches ascending, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acuminated, crenated, roundly truncate at the base, almost gla-
brous ; floral leaves petiolate : lower ones almost similar to the
cauline leaves : upper ones scarcely exceeding the calyxes ; ra-
cemes loose, simple ; flowers opposite, secund ; corollas elon-
gated, slender. %. S. Native of the mountains of Kamaon
and Syen, &c. Stem rather woody at the base. Leaves 1 to
H inch long, pubescent on the nerves. Corolla 9 lines long,
hardly pubescent.
Coarse Skullcap. PI. procumbent.
25 S. Coh;'mn.e (All. pedem. 1. p. 40. t. 84. f. 2.) stems
erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated,
broadly-cordate or truncate at the base, scarcely wrinkled, finely
pubescent : floral leaves ovate, shorter than the fructiferous
calyxes; raceme elongated, loose, branched a little, pilose; flow-
ers opposite, secund ; pedicels shorter than the fructiferous ca-
lyxes, which are large and pilose ; corolla 6 times longer than
the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of the South of Europe, in woods
and in fields ; as near Paris, North of Sicily ; Italy, from Pied-
mont to Naples; Hungary, Dalmatia, Island of Cyprus, and near
Constantinople. Sweet, fl. gard. 1. t. 52. S. peregrina, Sibth.
et Smith, fl. grac. 0. p. C6. t. 582. but not of Lin. S. altissima,
Arth. Hamilt. mon. 18. and many other authors, and probably
of Lin. Cassida racemosa, Mcench. meth. 411. ? S. pallida,
Guss. fl. sic. prod. 2. p. 137.? but not of Bieb.— Column,
ecphr. 1. p. 187. t. 189. Leaves 2 inches long. Corolla dark
purple, pubescent, almost an inch long : lips white.
Cohmna-'s Skullcap. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
5 I
794
LABIATE. LVIII. Scutellaria.
26 S. TouRNEFORTi (Beiitli. in bot. reg. vol. 18. lab. p. 431.)
quite glabrous ; stems erect, branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
or ovate-lanceolate, coarsely crenated : lower ones broadly sub-
cordate at the base : superior ones roundish, truncate : floral
leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather shorter than the fructiferous ca-
lyxes ; racemes elongated, loose, glabrous ; flowers opposite,
secund ; calyxes longer than the pedicels : fructiferous ones
large, glabrous ; corolla 6 times longer than the calyx. 7^ . H.
Native of Persia ; and at the Caspian Sea, near Lenkoran.
This is very nearly allied to S. commulata, but differs in the
cordate leaves, and larger, glabrous corollas.
Townefort's Skullcap. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
27 S. commuta'ta (Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 136.) stems erect,
branched, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, or ovate-lan-
ceolate, crenated, broadly cordate at the base, scarcely wrinkled,
glabrous ; floral leaves ovate, ratlier shorter than the fructifer-
ous calyxes; racemes elongated, loose, a little branched, glabrous ;
flowers opposite, secund ; calyxes longer than the pedicels, large
and glabrous in the fructiferous state ; corolla 4 times longer
than the calyx. If. H. Native of the South-east of Europe,
and Middle Asia, in groves ; as of Hungary, Dalmatia, Tauria,
and Caucasus. S. peregrina, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p.
154. t. 125. but not of Lin. S. altissima, Lin. spec. p. 836.?
Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 18. Nearly allied to S. Columnce ; but
differs from it in smoothness, and in the corollas being half the
size. Corollas purple. There are several plants in the gardens
similar to this ; one with dark purple, pubescent, dense flowers,
S. altissima, Hort. ; another with bluish purple flowers, having
the lower lip whitish, S. columnce, Hort. ; and a third with the
flowers altogether blue, S. peregrina, Hort.
Changed Skullcap. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1683. PI. 2 feet.
28 S. PEREGRi^NA (Lio. spcc. p. 836.) stems procumbent ;
branches elongated, glabrous or pubescent at top ; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, roundly truncate at the base, gla-
brous ; floral leaves bractea-formed, petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute
at both ends, quite entire, pubescent ; racemes elongated, loose;
flowers nearly sessile, opposite, secund ; calyxes large, rather
pilose ; corolla pubescent outside. IJ. . H. Native of Tauria
and Sicily. S. rubicunda, Horn. hort. hafn. Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 702. Stems dark purple, or reddish. Whorls almost an
inch distant. Corolla violaceous, hardly 5 lines long.
Foreign Skullcap. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 feet.
29 S. a'lbida (Lin. mant. p. 248.) branches divaricate, pu-
bescent ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, roundly
truncate at the base, or the lower ones are cordate, finely pubes-
cent ; floral leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute at both ends,
quite entire, pilose, exceeding the calyxes ; racemes elongated,
loose ; flowers nearly sessile, opposite, secund ; calyxes very
pilose; corolla villous outside. ^. H. Native of the South-
east of Europe, and Middle Asia, in mountain woods ; as of
the Bithynian Olympus ; near Constantinople, Candia, Mount
Lebanon, South of Tauria, Siberia, &c. Arth. Hamilt. mon.
21. t. 1. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 65. t. 581. S. Cre-
tica, Mill. diet. S. nigreseens, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 702. S.
pallida, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 65. but not of Gussone. — Sab. hort.
rora. 3. t. 29 Rachis of raceme villous. Corolla half an inch
long, dirty white.
JVhitish-Rov/ered Skullcap. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
30 S. iii'rta (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 66. t. 583.)
very hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, roundly
truncate at the base, or cordate, hairy on both surfaces, scarcely
wrinkled ; floral leaves petiolate, oblong, about equal in lennth
to the calyxes ; racemes loose ; flowers nearly sessile, opposite,
secund ; fructiferous calyxes inflated, very pilose ; corolla vil-
lous outside, l/ . H. Native of Candia, and Mount Lebanon.
Stem branched. Corollas almost of S. Columnce.
Hairy SkuWcap. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot.
31 S. salvi^folia (Benth. lab. p. 433.) stems ascending, his-
pid ; leaves petiolate, ovate, subcordate at the base, much wrin-
kled, hispid ; floral leaves bractea-formed, petiolate, oblong,
wrinkled, about equal in length to the calyxes ; racemes loose ;
flowers opposite, secund; calyxes villous. %. H. Native of
Greece. Corollas pubescent, size of those of S. peregrina, or a
little larger.
Sage-leaved Skullcap. PI. | foot.
32 S, VERSi'coLOR (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 38.) stems erect,
branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broadly-ovate, crenated,
deeply cordate at the base, pubescent on both surfaces, wrin-
kled ; floral leaves sessile, broad-ovate, quite entire, rather
longer than the caly.\es ; raceme simple, or a little branched,
elongated, many-flowered ; flowers opposite, subsecund ; calyxes
hairy. If.. H. Native of the flats and open woods of Ohio
and Arkansas, Nuttall ; at Lexington, in Kentucky, Torrey ;
Louisiana, Drummond. S. cordifolia, Muhl, cat. The whole
plant pubescent, the racemes viscid. Leaves 2-4 inches long.
Corolla pubescent, with a slender tube, a dilated blue throat,
and a white lower lip.
Far. /3, bracleala (Benth. lab. p. 433.) floral leaves larger,
and coloured a little. If.. H. Native of Texas, at Rio
Brazos.
Parly-coloured-Hovtered Skullcap. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
33 S. cane'scens (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 38. ? Benth. lab.
p. 433.) stems tall, branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenated, narrowed at the base,
rounded, or the lower ones are cordate, pubescent on both sur-
faces, hoary beneath : floral leaves oblong, exceeding the ca-
lyxes ; racemes loose, panicled, canescent ; flowers opposite,
secund ; calyxes clothed with hoary tomentum ; corolla pubes-
cent outside. If. H. Native of Canada, Ohio, Kentucky,
Upper Louisiana, &c., in open woods. S. serrata, Spreng. syst.
2. p. 703. and many other authors, but not of Andr. S. pubes-
cens, Muhl, cat.? S. incana, Spreng. in Steud. nom. p. 757.?
Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla blue, 8-9 lines long.
Canescent Skullcap. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
34 S. serra'ta (Andr. bot. rep. t. 494.) stem tall, branched,
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acutish, crenately serrated,
cuneated at the base, quite entire, nearly glabrous on both sur-
faces ; floral leaves oblong-lanceolate : upper ones scarcely
longer than the pedicels ; racemes loose, nearly simple ; flowers
opposite, secund ; calyxes strigosely pubescent ; corollas large,
pubescent outside. 1/ . H. Native of North America, An-
drews ; near Fredericstown, Herb, monac. Leaves purplish
above, and pale beneath. Racemes glabrous or pubescent.
Corolla blue, beyond an inch long.
Serrated-leaved Skullcap. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI.
4 feet.
35 S. PiLosA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 11.) stem erect,
almost simple, pubescent; leaves remote, on short petioles,
ovate, obtuse, crenated : lower ones rounded at the base : supe-
rior ones cuneated, or narrowed, pubescent on both surfaces, or
pilose; floral leaves obovate-lanceolate, about equal in length to
the calyxes ; racemes loose, a little branched, panicled ; flowers
opposite, secund ; calyxes villous ; corollas pubescent outside :
throat a little dilated. If. H. Native of Pennsylvania; at
West Chester, Virginia, Carolina, Georgia, &'c., in shady woods.
S. Caroliniana, Walt. fl. car. p. 163. S. elliptica, Mulil, cat. ?
Leaves Ig inch long. Corolla blue, 8-9 lines long, pubes-
cent.
Var. [i, pubescens ; plant clothed with fine pubescence, not
LABIATE. LVIII. Scutellaria.
(95
pilose. 1/ . H. Native of New Jersey, at Princetown, Torrey.
S. ovalifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 136. ?
Pilose Skullcap. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 to 3
feet. ?
3C S. viLLdsA(Elliott, bot. car. 2. p. 90.) stem erect, branch-
ed, villous ; leaves large, lanceolate, acute at both ends, coarsely
toothed, villous beneath, rather his|)id above ; racemes panicled,
crowded with flowers, y. . H. Native of Georgia, between
the rivers Oakmalgu and Flint, Elliott.
nilous Skullcap. PI. 2 to ;i feet. ?
37 S. iNTEGRiroLiA (Lin. spec. 836.) stems erect, almost sim-
ple, pubescent ; leaves remote, on short petioles, oblong-lanceo-
late or linear, obtuse, quite entire, or the lower leaves are tooth-
ed, nearly glabrous ; floral leaves exceeding the calyxes ; ra-
cemes a little branched, loose ; flowers opposite, secund ; calyx
pubescent ; corolla almost glabrous, having the top of the ti\be
and the throat widely dilated. '5/ . H. Native from Pennsyl-
vania and New York, to Carolina and Georgia, in dry or humid
places. S. polymorpha, Arth. Hamilt. mon. p. 38. S. hyssopi-
folia, Lin. spec. p. 836. S. Caroliniana, Lam. diet. 7. p. 706.
ill. t. 515. f. 3. S. ovalif51ia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 136. ?— Pluckn.
phyt. t. 313. f. 4. Habit of S. jiilosa, but the leaves and flowers
are very diflferent. Leaves purplish beneath : upper ones 1 to
1^ inch long, glabrous or pubescent. Corollas large, blue, 8-9
lines long, the lower lip marked with deeper spots.
fur. ft, Mspida (Benth. lab. p. 435.) stems hispid ; corollas
villous, i;. H. Native of New Orleans.
Enlire-leaved SkuUcap. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1731. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
38 S. linea'ris (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 66. lab.
p. 435.) stems procumbent ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-linear,
obtuse, almost entire, with subrevolute margins, canescent be-
neath ; floral leaves ovate, concave, rather longer than the ca-
lyxes ; racemes simple, dense ; flowers opposite, subsecund ;
calyxes pilose; corollas almost glabrous. %. H. Native of
Kamaon. Stems numerous from a thick woody base, pilosely
pubescent. Leaves 6-9 lines long, almost glabrous above.
Corollas cream-coloured, nearly an inch long : lips broad, pur-
plish. Genitals a little exserted.
LitiearAenved Skullcap. PI. procumbent, ^ foot.
39 ? S. visci'dula (Bunge, enum. pi. chin. p. 52.) stems de-
cumbent; leaves sessile, linear-oblong, obtuse, quite entire, flat,
green on both surfaces, viscid ; floral leaves ovate, concave, rather
longer than the calyxes ; calyxes pilose ; corollas nearly glabrous.
1(.. H. Native of the North of China, in gravelly places be-
tween Jui-lin and Zsimin-i, Bunge. Habit of S. linearis ; but
diflTers in the leaves being green on both surfaces, and viscid,
and a little broader. Corollas cream-coloured. Perhaps this
species, with S. linearis, should have been placed in section
Lupulinaria.
Viscid Skullcap. PI. decumbent.
40 S. macra'ntha (Fiscli. Rclib. icon. bot. eur. 5. p. 52.
t. 488. Benth. lab. p. 436.) stems procumbent at the base,
ascending, almost glabrous; leaves sessile, lanceolate, obtuse,
quite entire, rounded at the base, nearly glabrous, ciliated ;
floral leaves longer than the calyxes ; racemes simple ; flowers
opposite, secund ; calyxes pilose ; corolla ample, pubescent out-
side, the tube dilated above. 1^. H. Native of Dahuria,
North of China. S. grandiflora, Bunge, but not of Sims.
Scutellaria, Sec, Gmel. sib. 3. p. 228. no. 50. Stems usually
purplish, having the angles usually ciliated, the rest glabrous.
Leaves deep green above, glabrous, or with a few short hairs,
paler beneath, and quite glabrous. Corolla an inch long, blue.
This species connects sections Stachymorpha and Galericulala,
but has the habit of the latter.
Long-florvered Skullcap. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827
to f foot.
PI. 4
Sect. IV. Galericula'ta (from galcriculus, a narrow-
brimmed hat ; in reference to the form of the caly.x.) Arth.
Hamilt. mon. p. 31. Benth. lab. p. 436. § 3. Axillures,
Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 18. Floral leaves green, similar to the
cauline leaves, but gradually smaller. Flowers opposite, secund,
axillary, or the upper ones are somewhat racemose.
41 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 412.) nearly
glabrous; stems erect, almost simple; lower leaves petiolate,
ovate, toothed : superior ones nearly sessile, oblong-linear, quite
entire, all roundly cuneated at the base ; floral leaves similar to
the rest: upper ones sterile; flowers axillary, opposite, secund;
calyxes shorter than the pedicels. 2/ . H. Native of North-
west America, along the river Kooskoosky, Pursh ; at Fort
Vancouver, on the Columbia, Douglas. Herb glabrous, or
finely pubescent. Corolla 8 lines long, blue. ?
Narrorv-leaved Skullcap. PI. ^ foot.
42 S. scordifolia (Fisch, ind. sem. hort. petrop. p. 62.
Trev. in nov. act. bonn. 13. p. 185.) glabrous; stems branched;
leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire,
or remotely serrated, rounded or cuneated at the base ; floral
leaves similar to the rest ; flowers axillary, opposite, secund.
If . H. Native of the Altaic mountains, and at Lake Baikal, and
of Kamtschatka. S. Adamsii, Spreng. syst. 2. p, 701. ? Arth.
Hamilt. mon. p. 34. t. 2. f. 3. Scutellaria, &c., Gmel. sib. 3.
p. 229. no. 51. t. 47. ? Cassida, &c., Amm. stirp. 43. t. 55. —
A species intermediate between S. angustifolia and S. galericu-
lala. Corollas blue, longer than those of «S'. angustifolia.
Var. ft, Adamsii (Benth. lab. p. 437.) leaves less toothed ;
floral leaves smaller; flowers subracemose. 1/ . H.
Scordium-leavcd Skullcap. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
I foot.
43 S. galericula'ta (Lin. spec. p. 835.) stems branched,
divaricate ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
roundly cordate at the base, crenated : floral leaves similar ;
flowers axillary, opposite, secund, on short pedicels. % . H.
Native of Europe, Asia, and North America, in humid places, by
the sides of ditches, ponds, rivers ; almost in every part of Eu-
rope ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 523. Hook, fl.
lond. vol. 2. with a figure. Curt. lond. 3. t. 36. Fl. dan. t.
637. S. epilobiifolia, Arth. Hamilt. mon. p. 32. — Riv. mon. t.
77. f. l.--Sabb. hoft. rom. 3. t. 30.— Mor. hist. sec. 11. t. 20.
f. 6. ord. 3. Cassida galericulala, Scop. cam. no. 741 . Hall, helv.
no. 28. Moench. meth. p. 413. Plant very variable in stature
and pubescence, but readily distinguished by the form of the leaves
and flowers. Corolla 7-8 lines long, blue, whitish underneath.
The plant was formerly considered a cure for certain fevers.
Hooded or Common Skullcap. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI.
i to 1 foot.
44 S. hast.efolia (Lin. spec. p. 835.) stems ascending, nearly
simple, glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, quite entire, truncate at the base, and hastatcly sub-lobate :
floral ones similar to the rest ; flowers opposite, secund, subrace-
mose ; calyxes pubescent ; corolla elongated, with a dilated
throat: galea shorter than the lower lip. 2/. H. Native of
France, Austria, and Germany, Sweden ; and Caucasus, at the
river Kuma. Cassida hastifolia. Scop. fl. cam. 1. p. 439. — Riv.
mon. irr. t. 77. f. 2. This differs from S. galericulala in the leaves
being hastate at the base, in the corollas being a little longer, and
more approximate into a terminal raceme. Corollas blue.
Halbert-leaved Skull-cap. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PI.
i foot.
5 I 2
796
LABIATJi. LVIII. Scutellaria.
45 S. rivula'ris (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 66. Bentii. lab.
p. 438.) quite glabrous; stem procumbent at the base ; branches
ascentling, almost simple ; lower leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish,
and the middle ones ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, dilated
and cordate at the base : superior and floral leaves smaller, nar-
rowed at the base; flowers opposite, secund, sub- racemose ;
calyxes and corollas glabrous. {(.. H. Native of Nipaul and
China, by sides of rivulets and rivers. S. peregrina, Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 45. but not of Lin. S. barbata, D. Don. prod. fl.
nep. p. 109. S. squamulosa, Arth. Hamilt. mon. p. 35. Stems
rooting at the base. Lower cauline leaves an inch long, those of
the sterile branches hardly | an inch. Corolla 4 lines long,
blueish, hairy.
Rivulet Skullcap. PI. i to 1 foot.
46 S. RUMiciFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
324.) quite glabrous; stems humble, diffiise, branched ; lower
leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, hastately cordate at the base : mid-
dle ones lanceolate, acute, hastate at the base : upper and floral
leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, or linear, rounded or narrowed
at the base ; flowers minute, opposite, secund. If.. F. Native
of Mexico, at the Hacianda de la Llaguna ; Santa Fe de Bogota ;
Montevideo ; Brazil, at Rio Pardo, in the province of Rio Grande
do Sul ; Mendoza, Valparaiso, and Buenos Ayres. Herb small,
much branched, and rooting at the base. Leaves of sterile
branches, often shaped like those of Rumex acelocella. Lower
cauline leaves 4 an inch long : upper 3 lines long. Corolla
hardly 3 lines long, downy outside. Genitals a little exserted.
Sorrel-leaved Skullcap. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
47 S. mi'nor (Lin. spec. p. 835.) plant humble, glabrous ;
leaves on short petioles : lower ones broad-ovate : middle ones
ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base, sub-hastate : upper and
floral leaves lanceolate, rounded at the base, all obtuse ; flowers
small, axillary, opposite, secund ; corolla almost glabrous, with
the throat hardly dilated. 1|. H. Native of Europe and Sibe-
ria ; plentiful in Britain in moist places, as by the sides of rivulets,
rivers, canals, ponds, &c. Smith, engl. bot. t. 524. Hook, fl.
lond. vol. 2. icone. Curt. fl. lond. 4. t. 43. S. breviflora, Turcz.
mss. — Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 20. f. 8. Leaves like that of S.
galcriculata, but the plant is of lower stature. Leaves a little
toothed or entire. Corolla 3 lines long, red.
Smaller Skullcap. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. \ to | foot.
48 S. Havane'nsis (Jacq. obs. 2. \i. 5. t. 29.) stem branched,
procumbently erect; leaves cordate-ovate, obtuse, crenated,
nearly glabrous; flowers axillary; both lips of corolla trifid.
1/. G. Native of Cuba, among rocks; near Havana, by the
sea-side. Jacq. amer. pict. 85. t. 165. Leaves hardly \ an inch
long. Corolla nearly an inch long, blue.
Havana Skullcap. Fl. ISLiy, June. Clt. 1793. PI. proc.
49 S. mtcrophy'lla (Moc. et Sesse, ex Benth. lab. p. 439.)
pubescent ; stem diffuse, humble, branched ; leaves petiolate :
lower ones roundish, sinuately crenated : superior leaves ovate :
uppermost ones almost quite entire, narrowed at both ends ;
flowers small, axillary, opposite, secund ; pedicels longer than
the calyxes. %. F. Native of New Spain. Very nearly allied
to S. humilis, but villous. Corollas size of those of S. minor.
Small-leaved Skullcap. PI. bumble.
50 S. hu'milis (R. Br. prod. p. 507.) plant strigosely pubes-
cent; stem humble ; leaves on short petioles : lower ones rounded,
deeply crenated : upper ones ovate, roundly dilated, sub-has-
tately lobed, all cordate at the base : upper floral leaves hardly
exceeding the calyxes ; flowers small, axillary, opposite, secund.
%. F. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson ; and
of Van Diemen's Land. Leaves hardly 3-4 lines long. Co-
rolla twice as long as the calyx. Genitals a little exserted.
Humble Skullcap. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. i foot.
51 S. pa'rvula (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 12.) stem hum-
ble, divaricate, branched, pubescent ; lower leaves on short pe-
tioles, ovate-roundish : middle, superior, and floral leaves sessile,
ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, all obtuse, quite entire, rarely toothed,
subcordate at the base ; flowers small, axillary, opposite, secund ;
corolla nearly glabrous, with a scarcely dilated throat, hardly
twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of Canada, on the
banks of rivers, and in other humid places, Virginia, banks of
Missouri ; at Lexington in Kentucky ; Texas, at Rio Brazos.
Hook. exot. fl. 2. t. 106. S. amblgua, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p.
37. Herb densely leafy, more or less pubescent. Leaves small.
Corollas small pale blue. Genitals a little exserted.
Small Skullcap. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. \ foot.
52 S. RESiNosA (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 232.) clothed with
minute glandular pubescence ; stem humble, erect, much
branched ; leaves scarcely petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, quite
entire, rounded at the base : floral leaves similar to the rest ;
flowers axillary, opposite, secund ; corolla villous, more than 4
times as long as the calyx. 1/. H. Native of North America,
at the river Canadian, among the Rocky Mountains. Habit of S.
parvula, but more stiff and more branched. Leaves 4-5 lines
long. Corolla blue, size of those of <S'. galericulata, villous.
Resinous Skullcap. PL i foot.
53 S. antirrhinoi'des (Benth. lab. p. 440.) stem diffuse,
branched, glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse,
quite entire, narrowed at the base, thickish, glabrous or finely
pubescent ; floral leaves similar to the rest : upper ones sterile ;
flowers axillary, opposite, secund ; calyxes shorter than the
pedicels. 1/ . H. Native of North-west America, near Fort
Vancouver, on the Columbia river. Habit of Antirrlimum sem-
pervtrens. Leaves ^ an inch long. Flowers similar to those of
6'. angustifblia.
Snap-Dragon-like Skidl-cap. PI. diflfuse.
54 S. NERVOSA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 412.) stem almost
simple, glabrous ; lower leaves petiolate, rounded : middle ones
sessile, broad-ovate, dentately crenated, cordate at the base :
upper floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, all glabrous or
rather hispid above, with scabrous margins ; flowers small, axil-
lary, opposite, secund ; corollas almost glabrous, twice or thrice
longer than the calyxes. If. H. Native of North America,
among bushes on the banks of the rivers Schuylkill, Susque-
hanna, Missouri, and Ohio. Herb slender, pale green. Largest
leaves 10-12 lines long. Corollas full a little larger than those
of S. parvula or S. minor, blue.
A^eri;eJ-leaved Skullcap. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. i
to 1 foot.
55 S. Drummondi (Benth. lab. p. 441.) stems ascending, a
little branched, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated,
cuneated at the base : floral leaves more entire, smaller, all vil-
lous on both surfaces ; flowers small, axillary, opposite, secund ;
corolla villous, scarcely thrice as long as the calyx. 2/ . F. Na-
tive of Texas, at Rio Brazos. Leaves .J an inch long. Corolla
3-4 lines long, blue.
Drummund's Skullcap. PI. \ foot.
56 S. MOLLIS (R. Br. prod. p. 507.) stem nearly simple, pu-
bescent; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, obtuse, coarsely cre-
nated, broadly cordate at the base : upper and floral leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acute, all clothed with soft villi on both surfaces ;
flowers opposite, secund, axillary, or the upper ones are sub-
racemose ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, which is shorter
than the pedicels. 1/. H. Native of New Holland. Stem a
little branched. Corolla 3-4 lines long.
Soft Skullcap. PI. 1 to 1 1 foot.
57 S. TUBERosA (Benth. lab. p. 441.) stem humble, simple,
erect, villous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, coarsely
LABIATjE. LVIII. Scutellaria. LIX. Perilomia.
797
cienated, roundly truncate at the base : floral leaves oblong, all
villous on both surfaces ; flowers axillary, opposite, secund ; co-
rolla villous, more than 4 times as long as the calyx. If.. H.
Native of North California, Douirkis. Stems simple, rising from
a tuberous root. Leaves 4-5 lines long : floral ones shorter than
the flowers, but exceeding the calyxes. Corolla size of that of
S. galcriculata, with a slender tube.
7'«6eroi(4-rooted Skullcap. PI. 1-3 inches.
58 S. c.EKu~LEA (Moc. et Sesse, ex Benth. lab. p. 442.) stem
nearly simple, pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-rhom-
boid, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base : floral leaves nearly
similar to the others but narrower, the uppermost ones lanceolate,
almost (juite entire, all pubescent above ; flowers opposite, secund,
axillary, or the uppermost ones are sub-racemose, nearly ses-
sile ; corolla 6 times longer than the calyx. Tf. . F. Native of
Mexico. Stems ascending. Lower leaves small : middle ones
an inch long. Corolla 8-9 lines long, pubescent, blue.
far. /3. Leaves pubescent on both surfaces. !{.. F. Mexico,
near TIalpuxahua,
iJ/«e-flovvered Skullcap. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
59 S. Mocinia'na (Benth. lab. p. 442.) branches ascending,?
villous at the base ; leaves ])etiolate, ovate, somewhat sinuately
crenated, green on both surfaces, rather hispid above, and almost
glabrous beneath : lower floral leaves similar to the rest : upper-
most ones small and oblong ; flowers opposite, secund ; corolla
6 times longer than the calyx, which is pedicellate. 1/ . F. Na-
tive of New Spain. Branches ratiier woody at the base. Leaves
an inch long. Corolla showy, scarlet, l|inch long, nearly glabrous.
Mofino's Skullcap. PI. ?
60 S. MALv.EELORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 325.)
stem branched, pubescent ; leaves roundish, ovate, obtuse,
coarsely serrate-crenated, beset with adpressed hairs above, and
glabrous beneath ; flowers opposite, pedicellate, sub-spicate. 1^.
G. Native of New Granada, in bushy, mountain places, near St.
Anna, in the province of Mariquito. Leaves petiolate, 8-10 lines
long. Calyx pubescent. Corolla blue. ? This species with the
two following probably belong to the genus Perilomia.
I\Iallow-Jlowered Skull-cap. PI.
61 S. Cumane'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) shrubby; V ves
ovate, or ovate-orbicular, obtuse, rounded at the base or or. it-
ated, crenated, clothed with hairy pubescence on both surfaces,
canescent beneath ; flowers opposite, pedicellate. (^ . G. Na-
tive of America, in dry places near Cumana and Bordones.
Leaves 8-12 lines long. Pedicels and calyxes pubescent. Co-
rolla 5 tiines as long as the calyx, pubescent.
Cumana Skullcap. Slirub.
62 S. vulu'bilis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) twining; leaves ellip-
tic, rounded at both ends, crenated, pubescent above, but clothed
with soft pilose tomentum beneath and hoary ; flowers opposite,
pedicellate. If . ? ^. S. Native of New Granada, in woods, near
Loxa and Gonzanama. Leaves petiolate, reticulately 5-nerved,
14-16 lines long. Stem pilose. Calyx pilosely pubescent. Co-
rolla downy, red. ?
Twining Skullcap. PI. twining.
Sect. V. Maschalostachys (from ^ao-^aXt;, maschale,
an axil, and tjTu-f^vQ, stachys, a spike ; in reference to the
axillary spikes.) Benth. lab. p. 44.3. § 4. Lateriflora^, Benth.
in bot. reg. vol. 1 8. Floral leaves green, similar to the lower
cauline leaves : upper ones small, bractea-formed. Flowers op-
posite, secund, disposed, in axillary and terminal racemes.
63 S. reVens (Hamilt. in D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 110.)
clothed witli hoary pubescence, clammy above ; branches scan-
dent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, rounded at the base, sub-
cordate : uppermost ones acute, rather cuneated at the base :
floral leaves ovate, obtuse, rather exceeding the calyxes ; ra-
cemes numerous, axillary, and terminal, short, loose ; flowers
opposite, secund. I; . '^. G. Native of the East Indies, in Nipaul,
Kamaon, Ava, &c. S. cima, Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 67. S.
Wallichiana, Arth. Hamilt. mon. 28. t. 2. f. 1. Leaves \\ inch
long. Corolla 7-8 lines long, yellow.
Creeping Skullcap. Shrub climbing.
64 S. sca'ndens (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 110.)
stem scandent ; branches glabrous, very acutely tetragonal ;
leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, crenated,
roundedly cordate at the base, glabrous : floral leaves broad-
ovate, acuminated, hardly exceeding the calyxes ; racemes axil-
lary and terminal, pubescent ; flowers opposite, secund. F; . '^. G .
Native of Nipaul and Kainaon. S. angulosa, Benth. in Wall. pi.
asiat. rar. l.p. 07. S. celtidifolia, Arth. Hamilt. mon. p. 27.
Branches often glaucescent. Corolla an inch long, hairy.
Ciniibing Skullcap. Shrub climbing.
65 S. lateriflora (Lin. spec. p. 835.) glabrous ; steins
erect, fleshy ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
rounded at the base : upper floral leaves hardly exceeding the
calyxes ; racemes axillary and terminal, flowers opposite, se-
cund. % . H. Native of North America, on margins of ponds,
lakes, and ditches, from New York to the North-west coast, and
from Canada to Carolina. Cassida lateriflora, Mcench. meth.
Plant glabrous. Stem much branched. Corolla blue, hardly 3
lines long. Achenia tubercled.
Lateral-flowered &k\i\\cuYt. Fl. June, Sept. CIt. 1752. PI.
1 foot.
Cult. Most of the species of Scutellaria are very pretty while
in blossom, and are therefore well fitted for decorating the fronts
of flower borders, being short in stature. They will grow in any
common soil, and are readily increased by division and by seed.
Those species marked greenhouse and frame require protection
in winter, but answer well when planted out into the open ground
during the summer months. The shrubby kinds will be readily
increased by young cuttings.
LIX. PERILO^MIA (from Trtpi, per!, around, and Xw/ia,
loma, a fringe , in allusion to the membranaceously w ingcd ache-
nia.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 326. Benth. lab. p. 445.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospirmia. Calyx campanulate,
bilabiate ; lips entire, closed after the falling of the corolla,
at length cleft even to the base : the upper lip furnished with a
short scale, deciduous: lower lip permanent. Corolla with an ex-
serted, recurvedly ascending tube, which is naked inside, a rather
dilated throat, and a short bilabiate limb, having the upper lip
erectish, emarginately bifid, and the lower lip trifid ; the lateral
lobes short and spreading a little, and the middle lobe larger,
spreading, and emarginate. Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous,
the lower ones the longest ; anthers approximate by pairs, gla-
brous, those of the lower stamens dimidiate, and those of the
upper stainens 2-celled. Upper lobe of style very short ; lower
one stigmatiferous at apex. Ovarium nearly sessile, on a thick
disk, which is usually increased into an obtuse tooth. Achenia
dry, with inembranaceously winged margins. — Herbs or shrubs.
Flowers axillary, solitary. Floral leaves almost similar to the
cauline ones. This genus differs from Scutellaria, in the form
of the corolla and winged achenia.
1 P. scuTELLARiofoES (H. B. et Kuuth, nov. gen. 2. p. 327.
t. 157.) glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate, rounded at the base or
subcordate, those of the panicle, branches, and floral ones small ;
racemes slender ; flowers secimd ; corolla scarcely 3 times as
long as the calyx, which is glabrous. -2;. S. Native of Peru,
Jos. de Jussieu. Stems apparently scandent. Leaves ]J inch
798
LABIATjE. LIX. Periloiiia. LX. Chilodia. LXI. Cryphia. LXII. Prostanthera.
long, coarsely crenated ; upper and floral ones hardly 2-3 lines
long. Panicle like that of Odontites rubra. Flowers opposite,
scarlet, ? clothed with rufous pubescence outside.
Skullcap-like Perilomia. PI. climbing.
2 P. ocymoi'des (H. B. et Kiuith, 1. c. p. 328.) glabrous or
scarcely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, roundedly
truncate at the base : floral leaves similar to the rest, but gra-
dually smaller ; racemes elongated ; corolla 4-5 times longer
than the calyx. 1{..G. Native of Peru, in dry places, near
Alausi, Humb. et Bonpl. ; near Obrajillo, Cruikshanks ; at
Cuesta de Parrochuta, Mathews. Leaves | to 1| inch long.
Corolla scarlet, 7-8 lines long.
Basil-like Perilomia. PI. erect.
3 P. FRUTicosA (Schiede et Deppe, in Linnsea, 5. p. 102.) pu-
bescent or hairy ; leaves ovate or elliptic, acuminated, coarsely
and unequally serrated, and almost entire, pale beneath ; racemes
3-9-flowered. fj . G. Native of Mexico, among bushes at
Jalapa, and on Serro Colorado. Leaves 1 to 4 inches long.
Flowers opposite. Corolla showy, scarlet, about 15 lines long,
pubescent underneath.
Shrubby Perilomia. Shrub.
4 P. TOMENTOSA (Benth. lab. p. 446.) leaves ovate, pubescent
above, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; corolla about 3
times longer than the calyx, which is clothed with woolly villi.
%. G. Native of Mexico, Mofino et Sesse. Habit of P. ocy-
motdes. Flowers a little smaller. Perhaps woody.
Tomenlose Perilomia. Shrub. ?
-|- A doubtful species.
5 P. du'bia (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 704.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acute, serrated ; calyxes and fruit pubescent. 1/ . ? S. Native
of Brazil, Selio.
Z)o«6(/u/ Perilomia. PI.?
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Prostanthera, p. 800.
Tribe VIL
PROSTANTHE'REyE (this tribe contains genera agreeing
with the genus Prostanthera, in the characters given below.)
Benth. lab. p. 447. Calyx campanidate, sometimes bilabiate ;
lips flat, entire, or the lower lip is bidentate or bifid ; some-
times equal and 5-toothed ; throat naked inside. Corolla with
a short ample tube, a campanulate throat, and a bilabiate limb ;
lips flattish ; upper lip emarginate or bifid ; lower lip trifid. Sta-
mens 4, didynamous, shorter than the corolla ; lower ones some-
tiines the longest and sometimes abortive. Achenia coriaceous,
wrinkled reticulately. Style almost permanent.
LX. CHILO'DIA (from ■)^ii\oc, cheilos, a lip, and o?ovc,
ndous, a tooth ; application not evident.) R. Br. prod. p. 507.
Benth. lab. p. 447.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanulate,
bilabiate; tube short, 13-nerved; upper lip entire; lower lip
emarginate ; throat naked inside. Corolla with a short ample
tube and a campanulatcly sub-bilabiate limb : upper lip erect,
flattish, emarginately bifid : lower lip trifid, the middle lobe the
largest and bifid, all flat and spreading. Stamens 4, nearly
equal, shorter than the tube ; filaments glabrous, naked ; an-
tliers 2-celled : cells parallel, glabrous, naked, mutic. Style
shortly bifid at apex ; lobes unequal, stigmatiferous at apex. A
shrub, with the habit of Prostanthera.
1 C. scctellarioi'des (R. Br. p. 507.) fj . G. Native of
New Holland, about Port Jackson. Prostanthera empetrifolia,
Sieb. pi. nov. hoU. exs. no. 187. A shrub, with glabrous or
pubescent branches. Leaves sessile, scarcely 5 an inch long,
linear or lanceolate, acute, quite entire, with sub-revolute edges,
green on both surfaces, glabrous, or finely downy beneath in the
young state ; floral leaves exceeding the flowers. Pedicels
axillary, bibracteate. Calyxes ciliated. Corolla blue, glabrous,
exceeding the calyx a little.
Skull-cap-like Chilodia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Prostanthera, p. 800.
LXL CRYTHL\ (from Kpv<pwg, kryphios, hidden ; in allu-
sion to the inclosed corollas.) R. Br. prod. p. 508. Benth.
lab. p. 448.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx bilabiate, bi-
bracteate, closed ; lips entire, equal. Corolla inclosed, ringent ;
upper lip or galea very short ; middle segment of the lower lip
rather the largest. Anthers mutic. — Glandular, strong-scented,
shrubs. Leaves small, entire, size of those of Thymus Serpyllum.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Intermediate between
Chilodia and Prostanthera.
1 C. SERPYLLIFOLIA (R. Br. p. 508.) leaves oblong-linear, flat-
tish, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous, scarcely longer
than the fructiferous peduncles; branchlets almost glabrous;
down very fine and adpressed. Tj . G. Native of New Holland,
on the South Coast.
JVild Thyme-leaved Cryphia. Shrub.
2 C. micuopiiy'lla (R. Br. p. 508.) leaves oval, convex, very
minute, fascicled, and are, as well as the calyxes, pubescent,
much longer than the peduncles ; branches pubescent ; down
spreading, curved. To . G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Probably only a variety of the preceding.
Small-leaved Cryphia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Prostanthera, p. 800.
LXn. PROSTANTHE'RA (from Trpoo-ejjiv)?, prostheke, an
appendage, and ai'O^pa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the
connectives of the anthers being spurred underneath.) Labill.
nov. holl. 2. p. 18. R. Br. prod. p. 508. Benth. lab. p. 448.
LiN. svsT. Didynamia, Gy?nnospermia. Calyx campanulate ;
tube short, 1 3-striped ; lips undivided, closing the fruit ; throat
naked inside. Corolla with a short ample tube, a campanulate
throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip erect, flattish, emargi-
nately bifid ; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe the
largest, entire, or bifid. Stamens 4, ascending, scarcely didyna-
mous : lower ones rather the longest ; filaments glabrous, naked ;
anthers all approximate, 2-celled : cells parallel, having the con-
nective spurred beneath. Style shortly bifid at apex: lobes
nearly equal, stigmatiferous at apex. Achenia nucumentaceous,
rather baccate, coriaceous, and reticulately wrinkled in the dried
state. Albumen wanting or small. ^ — Strong-scented shrubs,
beset with sessile glands. Leaves opposite. Flowers sometimes
racemose, terminal, the floral leaves soon falling off"; sometimes
solitary in the axils of the floral leaves, which are similar to the
cauline ones. Bracteas small, under the calyx.
1 P. LASiA'NTiios(Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 18. t. 157.) shrubby ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, dentately serrated, glabrous ; racemes
panicled ; corolla hairy ; longer spur of anther exceeding the
cell : shorter one equal in length to the cell, adnate. I? . G.
Native of New Soutli Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of Van
Diemen's Land. Andr. bot. rep. t. 641. Ker. hot. reg. t. 143.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 2434. Branches nearly glabrous. Leaves
green. Corolla white, tinged with red ; throat spotted with red
inside.
Woolly-Jlomered Prostanthera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1808.
Shrub 3-6 feet.
LABIAT/E. LXII. Prostantiiera.
799
2 P. c;eru*lea (R. Br. prod. p. 508.) shrubby ; leaves lanceo-
late, dentately serrated, glabrous ; racemes rather i)anicled,
divided a little ; corolla beardless outside ; spurs of anthers
nearly equal, adnate, scarcely exceeding the cells. )? . G. Na-
tive of New South Wales, about Port Jackson, &'c. Habit of
P. lasidnthos. Leaves narrower. Corolla glabrous, blue, size
of those of P. lasidnthos.
ZJ/we- flowered Prostanthera. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. ?
3 P. iNcfsA (U. Br. prod. p. 509.) branchlets nearly gla-
brous ; leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed at the base, toothed or
cut, glabrous, glandular on both surfaces ; racemes few-flowered;
upper lip of calyx narrower, and twice as long as the lower lip ;
spurs equal, adnate, shorter than the cells. Ij . G. Native of
New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Leaves i to | inch
long. Floral leaves small : upper ones wanting or deciduous.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx, nearly glabrous.
Ci(Nleaved Prostanthera. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. ?
4 P. SiEBE^Ri (Benth. lab. p. 451.) branchlets nearly gla-
brous ; leaves ovate-oblonif, deeply toothed, narrowed a long
way at the base, glabrous : racemes loose, few-flowered ; lips of
calyx equal ; spurs of anthers equal, adnate, shorter than the
cells. P; . G. Native of New South Wales, from Port Jackson
towards the south. P. incisa, Sieb. fl. nov. holl. exs. 189. but
not of R. Br. Leaves on long petioles, nearly an inch long ;
floral leaves smaller : upper ones minute. Very like P. iticha.
Sieber's Prostanthera. Shrub 6 feet.
5 P. PKUNELLofDES (R. Br. prod. p. 508.) leaves thick, ovate,
entire, or coarsely toothed, glabrous : floral leaves bractea-
formed, deciduous ; racemes terminal, a little panicled ; corolla
hairy outside ; longer spur of anther twice as long as the cell.
Ti . G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson ; fre-
quent on stony hills at Hunter river. Angles of stem denticu-
lated. Leaves an inch long : floral leaves ciliated, deciduous.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Flowers almost like those of
P. lasidnl/ios.
Prunella-like Prostanthera. Shrub.
6 P. ovALiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 509.) branches clothed with
fine down ; leaves oval, glabrous, entire, and sometimes with a
few crenatures ; racemes short, terminal, and axillary ; calyx
glabrous, glandular ; spurs of anthers equal, adnate, equal in
length to the cells. tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the
east coast, within the tropic, and on the north-west coast. Leaves
4-6 lines long.
Oval-leaved Prostanthera. Shrub humble.
7 P. ATRiPLiciFOLiA (Cunniugh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 451.)
branchlets tomentose ; leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, gla-
brous ; racemes loose, terminal ; calyxes glabrous ; spurs of
anthers equal, adnate, equal to the cells in length. Ij . G. Na-
tive of the interior of New Holland ; on arid, sterile hills at the
river Lachhm. Shrub dense, sweet-scented. Leaves on short
petioles, 4-6 lines long. Corollas purple. Very nearly allied to
P. ovalifdlia.
Atr'tplex-leaved Prostanthera. Shrub.
8 P. coTiNiFoLiA (Cunniugh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 452.)
branches tomentose ; leaves orbicular, thickish, glabrous, quite
entire, retuse, or emarginate at apex ; racemes elongated ; lips
of calyx quite entire. I7 . G. Native of New Holland, in the
interior. Very nearly allied to P. rolundifolia, but differs in the
leaves being never creuated, and in the longer racemes.
Colinus-leaved Prostanthera. Shrubs.
9 P. RETU SA (R. Br. prod. p. 509.) leaves orbicular, crenated,
glabrous, glandular on liotli surfaces ; flowers axillary; lower lip
of calyx retuse ; spurs of anthers scarcely exceeding the cells.
h^ . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land, Very nearly allied to
P. rolundifolia.
ife^Mie-leaved Prostanthera. Shrub.
10 P. ROTUNDiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 509.) branchlets tomen-
tose ; leaves orbicular or spatulate, thickish, glabrous, entire, or
crenated; flowers sub-racemose; calyx glabrous, with quite
entire lips ; spurs of anthers equal, adnate, shorter than the cells.
\i. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Leaves 3-4 lines long.
Racemes sub-secund, simple or compound. Corolla large, nearly
glabrous outside.
Round-leaved Prostanthera. CIt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
IIP. Ni'vEA (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 45 '2.) quite
glabrous ; leaves linear, quite entire, with smooth revolute mar-
gins ; racemes loose, terminal ; calyx glabrous, having the upper
lip large, ciliated, one half shorter than the lower lip ; one spur
of each anther twice as long as the cell : the other shorter, ad-
nate. Tj . G. Native of the interior of New Holland, on sterile
rocky mountains. Leaves | to 1 inch long. Flowers sub-secund.
Corolla snow-white, twice as long as the calyx, downy outside.
Snow-white-AoviereA. Prostanthera. Shrub 3 feet.
12 P. Baxte'ri (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 452.)
branches clothed with white tomentum ; leaves linear, quite
entire, with smooth revolute edges, glabrous ; flowers sub-axil-
lary ; calyx clothed with silky tomentum ; upper lip large, lower
one shorter, fj . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's
Sound, Baxter. Leaves | an inch long. Flowers in the axils of
the floral leaves.
Baxter's Prostanthera. Shrub.
13 P. LINEARIS (R. Br. prod. p. 509.) quite glabrous ; leaves
linear, quite entire, glabrous, smooth, with sub-recurved margins ;
racemes terminal ; calyxes glabrous, finely ciliated ; longer spur of
each anther twice as long as the cell. fj . G. Native of New
South Wales, at Port Jackson, R. Br. ; on rocks at Springfield
and elsewhere, Cunningh. Leaves about an inch long, obtuse.
Corolla a little longer than the calyx, downy outside, with a vil-
lous throat.
Zinrar-leaved Prostanthera. CIt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
14 P. denticula'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 509.) branchlets sca-
brous from pubescence ; leaves linear, entire, glabrous, glandular
beneath, tubercularly denticulated above, near the recurved mar-
gin ; calyxes ciliated, rather pilose ; longer spur of anther
rather exceeding the cell. ^ • G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson, and on mountains near Bathurst. Habit of
Westringia. Branches nearly terete. Leaves sessile. Racemes
loose, secund, terminal. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Denticulaled-lesivei. Prostanthera. CIt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4
feet. ?
15 P. cRYPTANTHoi DES (Cunniugh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
453.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or linear, obtuse, quite entire
or denticulated, fascicled in the axils : floral leaves similar to
the rest ; flowers few, axillary ; calyx glabrous, having the
upper lip tridentate ; longer spur of anther twice the length of
the cell. [^ • ^- Native of New Holland, on rocks at Hun-
ter's river. — An humble, glandular, rather clammy shrub, gla-
brous, or furnished with a few scattered hairs. Leaves scarcely
2-3 lines long. Braeteas foliaceous, equalling the calyxes.
Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx.
Cryptantha-like Prostanthera. Shrub humble.
16 P. AsPALATnofoEs (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 453.)
branches pubescent; leaves small, linear, quite entire, with re-
volute margins, nearly glabrous, fascicled ; floral leaves similar
to the others ; flowers few, axillary, nearly sessile ; calyx gla-
brous, with nearly equal, quite entire lips. h . G. Native ol
the interior of New Holland, on sterile hills at the river Lacli-
lan. Shrub decumbent. Branches clammy. Leaves 1-2 lines
long, furnished with a few hairs while young. Corolla scarlet,
glabrous outside, more than twice as long as the calyx.
Aspalalhus-like Prostanthera. Shrub decumbent.
17 P. Cale'yi (Benth. lab. p. 454.) branches pubescent;
1
800
LABIATE. LXII. Prostanthera LXIII. Heiiiandra.
leaves small, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, with revolute edges, fascicled
in the axils, scarcely pubescent ; floral leaves conforming to tlie
others ; flowers few, axillary, pedicellate ; calyx pubescent, with
quite entire lips ; longer spur of anther about equal in length
to the cell. V;. G. Native of New Holland, Caley. Allied
to P. aspalathuides, but distinct. Leaves 1-2 lines long, con-
vex. Corolla hardly exceeding the calyx.
Cnley's Prostanthera. Shrub liunible.
18 P. microphy'lla (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 454.)
branches almost glabrous ; leaves small, thick, all obtuse, quite
entire, spreadingly recurved, glabrous : floral leaves similar to
the others ; flowers few, axillary ; calyx pubescent, with nearly
equal, quite entire lips ; spurs of anthers adnate : longer one
scarcely exceeding the cell. Ij . G. Native of the interior of
New Holland, in desert places near the river Lachlan.- — A hum-
ble, much branched shrub. Leaves numerous, scarcely a line
long : the floral ones and bracteas siinilar. Corolla scarlet,
hardly twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside.
Small-leaved Prostanthera. Shrub humble.
19 P. sAxi'coLA (R. Br. prod. p. 509. Benth. lab. p. 454.)
leaves linear-oblong, quite entire, thick, rather pilose while
young ; floral leaves similar to the others, exceeding the flow-
ers; flowers axillary; calyx hairy at top; longer spurs of an-
ther twice the length of the cell. Jj . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson ; and on rocks near Bathurst,
on the west side of the Blue Mountains. Stem diffuse, sufTruti-
cose at the base, R. Br. — A slender shrub, with twiggy, hairy
branches. Leaves sessile, 3-6 lines long, obtuse. Corolla twice
as long as the calyx, pubescent outside, ex Benth. Lips of calyx
nearly equal, R. Br.
Stone Prostanthera. Shrub difflise.
20 P. MARiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 509.) branches hairy ;
leaves ovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, quite entire, with revolute
edges, liispid on both surfaces ; flowers axillary, subracemose ;
calyx hairy, with nearly equal lips ; lower lip retuse ; spurs of
anthers exceeding the cells a little. ^ . G. Native of New
South Wales, at Port Jackson, and on the Blue Mountains.
Leaves distant, nearly sessile, 2-4 lines long; floral leaves equal-
ling the calyxes. Calyx bluish at top. Corolla a little longer
than the calyx.
C'a?- T/ii/me-Zeat'ef/ Prostanthera. Shrub 1 to I5 foot.
21 P. THYMiFOLiA (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 455.)
branchlets finely pubescent ; leaves ovate, roundish, few-cre-
nated, glabrous, with recurved margins ; flowers shortly race-
mose; calyx almost glabrous, with quite entire lips; spurs of
anthers equal, adnate, shorter than the cells. V; . G. Native of
New South Wales, near Port Jackson ; and at Springwood. P.
retusa, Sieb. fl. nov. boll. exs. but not of R. Br. Leaves on
short petioles, 1-2 lines lon<r.
glabrous, or ciliated with a few
hairs on the nerves beneath :
floral leaves minute, deciduous.
Calyx glabrous, or ciliated on
the stripes. Corolla white, gla-
brous, exceeding the calyx a
little. Nearly allied to P. vio-
lacea.
Thyme-leaved Prostanthera.
Shrub.
22 P. viola'cca (R. Br.
prod. p. 509.) leaves roundish,
crenated, with revolute edges,
pubescently hairy on both sur-
faces, as well as on the branches ;
racemes dense, few-flowered ;
calyx pubescently hairy, with
FIG. 83.
quite entire lips : lower lip twice as long as the upper, and nar-
rower ; spurs of anthers equal, rather shorter than the cells.
H . G. Native of New South Wales, at Port Jackson. Bot.
reg. 1072. Leaves 3-4 lines long; floral leaves small: upper
ones minute. Corolla violaceous, twice as long as the calyx.
(Fig. 83.)
lar. ft, glabrior (Benth. lab. p. ^55.) leaves smaller, atid
more glabrous. Ij . G. Native of New South Wales, near
Port Jackson ; at Springwood, and on the Blue Mountains,
This appears to be an intermediate plant between P. violacea
and P. thymijulia.
Violaceous-^owereCi Prostanthera. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 4 to C liset.
23 P. inca'na (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 455.) leaves
ovate, obtuse, crenated, bullately wrinkled, hispid from villi on
both surfaces, as well as the branches ; racemes very short,
dense ; spurs of anthers equal, adnate, shorter than the cells.
Ij . G. Native of New South Wales, on the Blue Mountains ;
and on rocks at the junction of the rivers Nepean and Warra-
gumba. Shrub divaricately branched. Leaves \ an inch long ;
floral leaves smaller, sometimes coloured a little. Flowers
almost sessile. Corolla purple, scarcely pubescent outside, ex-
ceeding the calyx a little.
Hoary Prostantliera. Shrub 5 to 6 feet,
24 P. RUGosA (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 456.) leaves
crenated, bullately wrinkled, hispid from villi on both surfaces,
as well as the branches ; flowers few, axillary ; calyx hispid :
upper lip somewhat tridentate, and the lower one emarginate ;
spurs of anthers shorter than the cells. fj • G. Native of
New Holland, at the river Hunter. Habit and leaves that of
P. violacea, but more hispid ; but the inflorescence and calyx
are very distinct. Corolla almost glabrous outside.
JVrinkled-]eaved Prostanthera. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. ?
25 P. rhombea (R. Br. prod. p. 509.) leaves rhombeo-orbi-
cular, quite entire, shining above in the adult state, glandular
beneath ; branches and calyxes pubescent ; flowers axillary ;
spurs of anthers shorter than the cells. Tj . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Branches divaricate, sparingly
pilose. Leaves almost sessile, bullately convex above, 2-4 lines
long ; floral leaves similar to the rest, on short pedicels. Co-
rolla scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Rhomb-haved Prostanthera. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 4
feet. ?
Cult. All the species are showy when in blossom. A light
rich soil, or one composed of equal parts of loam, peat, and sand,
will answer. Cuttings of young wood strike root readily in the
same kind of soil, with a hand-glass over them.
LXin. HEMIA'NDRA (from ;,/ji, hemi, a half; and a,;,p
nrcpoc, aner andros, a male ; so called in allusion to the dimi-
diate anthers.) R. Br. prod. p. 502. Benth. lab. p. 456.
Lin. svst. Didynam'ia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanulate,
striated at the base ; lips flat, closed over the fruit : upper lip
entire, mucronate : lower one semi-bifid. Corolla with a short
ample tube, a campanulate throat, and a bilabiate limb ; lips
flat, spreading : upper one bifid : lower one 3-lobed, the middle
lobe emarginate. Stamens 4, loosely ascending, didynamous :
lower ones the longest ; filaments glabrous, naked ; anthers dimi-
diate : fertile cell ascending, and the sterile cell slender, and de-
scending on the filament. Style almost equally bifid at apex ;
lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at tops. — A small shrub, with the
habit of Prostantliera.
1 H. pu'ngens (R. Br. prod. p. 502.) Tj , G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast, R. Br. ; on hills near Swan
River, Frazer. — A stiff, decumbent, densely leafy shrub ;
branches hard, glabrous or pubescent at the base. Leaves ses-
LABIAT.E. LXIV. Hemigenia. LXV. Westringia.
801
sile, lanceolate, very acute, pungent, quite entire, glabrous, rigid,
1-3-nerved bciicatli ; floral leaves similar, exceeding the calyxes.
Corolla glabrous, twice as long as the calyx, white, tinged or
dotted with purple. Plant without any scent when dried, not
aromatic like the species of Prostantfiira.
PungcntAeaved Hemiandra. Shrub decumbent.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Proslant/icra, p. 800.
LXIV. HEMIGE'NIA (from yixi, hemi, a half, and ytita,
genea, an ofl'spring ; in reference to only one of the cells of each
anther being fertile.) R. Br. prod. p. 502. Benth. lab. p.
457.
Lin. syst. DUhjnamia, Gyvmospermia. Calyx subcampanu-
laie, deeply 5-cleft, equal. Corolla with a short tube, which is
naked inside; a wide throat, and a sub-bilabiate limb: upper
lip flat, sub-bifid : lower lip spreading, trifid, the middle lobe
semi-bifid. Stamens 4. somewhat ascending, didynamous : lower
ones the longest. Anthers approximate ; one of the cells
ascending and polliniferous ; the other descending, of a dif-
ferent form, and empty. Style shortly bifid at apex. Achenia
reticulately wrinkled. — Shrubs, wiih the habit of Weslringia or
Macrochrys. Flowers axillary, solitary. Beard of upper an-
thers very short, similar to the crest of the spurs in Prostan-
ihera.
1 H. purpu'rea (R. Br. prod. p. 502) leaves 3 in a whorl ;
corolla shorter than the calyx. fj . G. Native of New South
Wales, at Port Jackson. — A slender shrub, with twiggy, leafy,
glabrous branches. Leaves sessile, half an inch long, or longer,
linear, acute, nearly terete, glabrous. Corolla bluish-purple,
glabrous outside ; but the lower lip is villous above.
P«r^;/e-flowered Hemigenia. Shrub.
2 H. Siebe'ri (Benth. lab. p. 457.) leaves 4 in a whorl ; co-
rolla exceeding the calyx. I; . G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. H. purpurea, Sieb. pi. nov. holl.
exs. no. 191. Shrub more rigid, and larger than H. purpurea.
Leaves thicker, broader, and blunter, often mucronulate. Lower
lip of corolla densely villous.
Siebeis Hemigenia. Shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Prustanlhera, p. 800.
LXV. WESTRINGIA (named, by Sir J. E. Smith, after
J. P. Westring, physician to the king of Sweden.) Smith,
tracts, p. 277. t. 3. R. Br. prod. p. 501. Benth. lab. p. 457.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanu-
late, 10-nerved, equal, 5-toothed : throat naked inside. Co-
rolla with a short tube, which is naked inside : a wide throat,
and a sub-bilabiate limb ; upper lip flat, bifid, rather spreading ;
lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe rather bifid. Sta-
mens 4, erect, distant, inclosed in the tube of the corolla ; supe-
rior 2 fertile, bearing dimidiate, 1-celled, glabrous anthers :
lower 2 sterile, bearing bipartite anthers, the lobes linear, de-
pendent, and empty. Style about equally bifid at top; lobes
subulate, stigmatiferous at apex. Achenia coriaceous, reticu-
lately wrinkled. — Shrubs. Leaves permanent, 3-4 in a whorl,
quite entire ; floral leaves similar to the rest, with 1 -flowered
axils. Flowers 3-4 in a whorl, sometimes distant, and sometimes
approximate into a short terminal raceme. Bracteas minute,
adpressed to the calyx.
1 W. rosmariniformis (Smith, tracts, p. 277. t. 3.) leaves
4 in a whorl, lanceolate, with rovolute edges, almost glabrous
above, and silvery beneath ; floral leaves about twice as long as
the calyxes ; calyx silvery, having the teeth one half shorter
than the tube. Ij . G. Native of New South Wales, frequent
on sandy hills about Port Jackson, Botany Bay, and towards the
South. Andr. bot. rep. t. 214. Cunila fruticosa, Willd. spec.
1. p. 122. Young branches covered with dense silky hairs.
VOL. IV.
FIG. 84.
Leaves an inch long, sessile. Flowers 4 in a whorl, like the
leaves. Corollas villous outside, and bearded inside by a few
hairs, white : lower lip spotted. Filaments villous.
Rosemary-formed Westringia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1791.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 W. Dampie^ri (R. Br.
prod. p. 501.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, with revolute
margins, nearly glabrous above,
and cinereous beneath ; floral
leaves twice as long as the ca-
lyxes ; calyx silvery, having the
teeth one half shorter than the
tube. Ij . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jack-
son ; and on sandy hills at King
George's Sound. Hook. bot.
mag. t. 3308. Hardly to be
distinguished from IV. msma-
rinifonnis, except in the more
numerous, narrower, longer
leaves, which are less silky
beneath. Corolla white ; lower
lip spotted with red and yellow.
(Fig 84.)
Dampier's Westringia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
3 W. BREViFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 459.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
elliptic-lanceolate, with revolute margins, shining above and sil-
very beneath ; floral leaves rather shorter than the calyxes ; ca-
lyx silvery, having the teeth one half shorter than the tube. Tj . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land, Gunn. Very similar to JV.
rosmariniformis ; but diflTers from it in the much smaller, more
glabrous leaves, and smaller flowers.
Short-leaved Westringia. Shrub.
4 W. ri'gida (R. Br. prod. p. 501.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges, glabrous above, and cine-
reous beneath, as well as the calyxes ; teeth of calyx one half
shorter than the tube. >i . G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast ; frequent on rocks by the sea side in Rottnest
Island ; and at the mouth of Swan River, on the west coast.
Very nearly allied to JV. Damj)ieri ; but differs in the shorter
leaves being 3 in a whorl, and usually shortly mucronate.
Stiff Westringia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to
3 feet.
5 W. cine'rea (R. Br. prod. p. 501.) leaves 3 in a wliorl,
linear-lanceolate, divaricate, mucronate, pungent, with revolute
margins, cinereous on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes ; ca-
lycine teeth very short, h . G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast, R. Br. ; on the south-vN-est coast, at King
George's Sound ; and in the Dick Hartog Island, on the west
coast, Cunningham. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3307.- — A much
branched, humble shrub. Leaves form of those of W. Dam-
pieri. Flowers sessile. Upper lip of corolla villous, pale
purple ; but the lower lip is white ; both lips are spotted with
purple dots.
Cinereous Westringia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub
humble.
6 W. angustifolia (R. Br. prod. p. 501.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, linear, spreading, with revolute edges, scabrous above in
the adult state, and cinereous beneath, as well as the calyxes ;
calycine teeth one half shorter than the tube. ^ . G. Native
of Van Diemen's Land.
Narrow-leaved Westringia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub.
7 W. EREMi'coiA (Cunningh. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 459.)
5 K
802
LABIATiE. LXV. Westringia. LXVI. Microcorys. LXVII. Lophanthds.
leaves 3 in a wliorl, linear, with revolute margins, cinereous be-
neath ; calyxes clothed with silky pubescence, having the teeth
rather longer than the tube. f} . G. Native of New Holland,
in the interior ; in deserts near the river Lachlan, and on rocks
near Bathurst, Cunningh. ; at the river Macqiiarie, and in tlie
valleys of Lushington and Glen Finlas, ex herb. Hook.
Branches divaricate, very leafy. Leaves scarcely J an inch
long.
Desert Westringia. Shrub.
8 W. toNGiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 501.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
linear, with recurved margins, and are, as well as the calyxes,
green on both surfaces ; calycine teeth length of tube. Tj . G,
Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson, on the banks
of rivulets. Prostanthera linearis, Sieb. fl. nov. lioll. exs. but
not of R. Br. Angles of branches rougli. Leaves an inch long,
rather scabrous above, and pilose beneath while young.
Long-leaved Westringia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.?
9 W. gla'bra (R. Br. prod. p. 501.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
linear-lanceolate, flat, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the
calyxes. ^ . G. Native of tropical New Holland. Allied to
TV. loiigijulla ; but the leaves are broader, and flat, and the
whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves about an inch long.
Flowers nearly sessile.
Glabrous Westringia. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
10 W. RUBi/EFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 501.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, elliptic, flattish, quite glabrous, shining; calyx nearly
glabrous, having the teeth rather longer than the tube, fj . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. This diflfers from JV. rosmari-
niformis in its smoothness, acuter calycine teeth, shorter,
broader leaves, with the edges almost flat. Whorls C-S-
flowered.
Madder-leaved Vieiiixmg\ai. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Prostanthera, p. 800.
LXVL MICROCO^RYS (from /<upoc, micro!:, small; and
Kopvc, liorys, a helmet ; probably from the upper lip or galea
of corolla.) R. Br. prod. p. 502. Benth. lab. p. 4C0.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx eampanu-
late, about 10-nerved, equal, 5-toothed ; throat naked inside.
Corolla with the tube equal in length to the calyx, naked inside :
throat widened : limb sub-bilabiate ; upper lip flattish, emargi-
nately bifid, erectly spreading : lower lip spreading, trifid, Sta-
mens 4, erect, distant, inclosed in the tube of the corolla : upper
2 fertile, bearing dimidiate, 1-celled, bearded anthers: lower 2
sterile, bearing bipartite anthers, the lobes linear, dependent,
and empty. Style almost equally bifid at top ; lobes subulate,
stigmatiferous at apex. — Shrubs, with the habit of Westringia.
Leaves 3 in a whorl. Flowers small, white or purple, solitary
in the axils of the floral leaves, which are similar to the cauline
leaves, and, like them, 3 in a whorl.
1 M. viRGATA (R. Br. piod. p. 502.? Benth. lab. p. 461.)
leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, and are, as well as the calyxes,
glabrous ; bracteas caducous ; corolla hairy outside. (7 . G.
Native of New Holland, on the south coast ; and in bogTy
places at King George's Sound.
Twiggy Microcorys. Shrub.
2 M. barba'ta (R. Br. piod. p. 502.) leaves linear, obtuse,
glabrous ; calyxes and corollas hairy outside ; bracteas cadu-
cous. 1; . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast,
R. Br. ; at King George's Sound, ex herb. Hook. Very nearly
allied to M. virgata, but diflTers from it in the calyxes being
densely villous, &c.
Bearded-fiowexeA Microcorys. Shrub.
3 M. pubpu'rea (R. Br. prod. p. 502.) leaves oval-oblong,
with recurved margins, furnished with a few short hairs on both
surfaces, dotted beneath ; branchlets silky ; calyxes greyish ;
bracteas setaceous, permanent. Tj . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast.
Pio^jZe- flowered Microcorys. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Prostanthera, p. 800.
Tribe VIIL
NEPE'TEj^ (the genera contained in this tribe agree with
Nepeta in the characters <jiven below.) Benth. lab. p. 462.
Calyx equal, oblique, or sub-bilabiate ; upper teeth the largest.
Corolla inclosed or exserted ; throat usually inflated ; upper lip
rather arched : lower lip spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous,
ascending or diverging, the upper ones the longest. The whole
of this tribe may not inappropriately be considered as a single
genus, ex Benth.
LXVn. LOPHA'NTHUS (from \o<poQ, lophos, a crest ; and
ai'Ooc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the crenated or crested
middle lobe of lower lip of corolla.) Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15.
lab. p. 462. Hyssopus species of authors.
LiN. sYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 15-
nerved, rather incurved, with an oblique, 5-toothed mouth : su-
perior teeth rather the longest. Corolla having the tube equal-
ling the calyx, naked inside ; and the limb bilabiate ; the upper
lip erectish, emarginately bifid : lower one spreading a little,
trifid, the middle lobe broadly crenated. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, distant or divaricate : lower ones the shortest ; anthers
2-celled : cells parallel, at length rather diverging. Style
shortly bifid at apex ; lobes nearly equal, subulate, stigmatifer-
ous at apex. Achenia dry, smooth, naked.
Sect. L Chiasta'ndra (probably from x^"^j cheio, to scatter
abroad, and ayrjp ai'Spoe, aner andros, a male ; perhaps from the
inequality of the stamens.) Benth. lab. p. 462. Whorls col-
lected into terminal spikes. Upper stamens declinate : lower
ones ascending. Leaves entire.
1 L. URTiciFOLius (Benth. lab. p. 462.) glabrous ; leaves
cordate-ovate, crenated, green on both surfaces ; spikes dense,
oblong; calycine segments linear-subulate; genitals much ex-
serted. %. H. Native of North-west America, at Lewis and
Clark's River, frequent. Stem branched. Bracteas rather shorter
than the calyxes, coloured. Corollas purplish.
Nellie-leaved Lo^hanthm. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
2 L. anisa Tus (Benth. in bot. reg. t. 1282.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenated, green above and
white beneath ; spikes cylindrical, interrupted at the base ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, acute; genitals exserted. %. H.
Native of North America, in bushy places at the rivers Mis-
souri, Nutt. ; Saskatchawan, Columbia, and Red River, Doug-
las. Hyssopus anisatus, Nutt. gen. anier. 2. p. 27. Hyssopus dis-
color, Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 3d. p. 97. Stachys fceniculum,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 407. Hyssopus Fceniculum, Spreng.
cent. pi. min. cogn. p. 24. Stem branched. Flowers one half
smaller than those of i. urlicij'olius. Corollas blue, incurved.
Anise-scenieA Lophanthus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 L. RUGosus (Fisch. et Meyer, ind. sem. hort. petrop. 1835.
p. 30.) nearly glabrous; leaves wrinkled, cordate-ovate, cau-
dately acuminated, serrately toothed, of the same colour on both
surfaces ; spikes dense, oblong ; calycine lobes lanceolate.
LABIAT.E. LXVII. LoniANinus. LXVIII. Nepeta.
803
acHtish ; genitals mucli longer than the corolla. l/.H. Native
of China. Stature of /,. tirticijolius ; but (lifters in the leaves
being caudately acuminated ; in tlie calycine lobes being acutish.
Corollas blue. Odour of Peppermint.
W I inklcd-\cs.\t:i.\ Loplianthus. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
4 L. scuopiiuLARLEFoLius (Beutli. lab. p. ItiJ.) stem pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, serrately crenated, green on both surfaces,
glabrous above, and pubescent beneath ; spikes cylindrical, in-
terrupted at the base ; calycine teeth lanceolate, acute. 1^. H.
Native of North America, in shady humid places from Penn-
sylvania to Virginia, rare, Pursh ; at West Chester, Drummond.
Hyssopus scrophularitefolius, Willd. spec. 3. p. 48. Hyssopus
catariaefolius, Hort. par. Habit of Z. ««(,«(<«* ; but differs in
the leaves being broader, pubescent beneath, not white ; and in
the flowers being a little larger. Corolla blue. ? Calyx coloured
at top.
Scrophulaiia-Uke Loplianthus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
5 L. nepetoi'des (Benth. lab. p. 463.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate, acutish, serrately crenated, green on both surfaces, gla-
brous, or scarcely pubescent beneath ; spikes cylindrical, inter-
rupted at the base: calycine teeth ovate, bluntish. 2/. H.
Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, Piirsh ; near St. Louis,
on the Mississippi ; and near West Cliester, Drummond. Hys-
sopus nepetoides, Lin. spec. p. 796. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 28.
t. 69. Leaves 1| to 2 inches long, rounded or subcordate at
the base. Corolla yellowish-white, scarcely exceeding the caly-
cine teeth. Achenia villous at top.
Xepela-Uke Lophanthus. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1692. PI. 3
to 5 feet.
Sect. H. Resupina'ria (so called from the almost resupinate
flowers of the species.) Benth. lab. p. 464. Cymes axillary,
peduncidate, loose, few-flowered. Flowers almost resupinate.
Lower stamens nearly erect ; upper ones ascending.
6 L. Chine'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 464.) leaves ovate or ob-
long, crenated : floral ones similar to the others ; cymes axil-
lary, pedunculate, loose, few-flowered. 1/ . H. Native of the
North of China, ex Lin. ; Siberia, about Peshkova, near Nert-
scha, Patrin. Hyssopus lophanthus, Lin. spec. p. 796. Jacq.
hort. vind. 2. p. 85. t. 182. Hyssopus resupinatus, Moench.
Nepeta lophantha, Fisch. Plant rather clammy, glabrous, or
scarcely pubescent. Leaves an inch long. Peduncles subse-
cund, bearing unilateral cymes at apex. Corollas blue : tube
shortly exserted. Achenia oblong, smooth.
Ch'ma Lophanthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1752. PI. IJ to
2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nejiela, p. 811.
LXVHL NE'PETA (a name used by Pliny ; derived from
tiepa, a scorpion ; being supposed to be ertlcaceous against the
bite of the scorpion. Linnaeus derives it from Nepet, a town in
Tuscany.) Lin. gen. no. 710. Schreb. gen. no. 964. Juss.
gen. p. 113. ed. Usteri, p. 126. Benth. lab. p. 464. Cataria,
Tourn. inst. p. 202. t. 95. !Mocnch. Glechoma, Lin.
LiN. SYST. Dichjndmia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 13-
15-nerved, for the most part incurved, with an obliquely 5-
toothed mouti) ; rarely ovate, straight, with the mouth and teeth
equal. Corolla having the tube slender at the base, inclosed or
exserted, naked inside, the throat widened, and the limb bila-
biate ; upper lip straight, and rather concave, emarginate or
bifid ; lower lip spreading, trifid, the middle lobe large, some-
times sub-bifid, with reflexedly spreading lobes, and sometimes en-
tire, concave, and crenulated. Stainens 4, didynamous, ascending :
lower ones the shortest. Anthers usually approximate by pairs.
2-celie(l ; cells diverging, at length divaricate. Style about
equally bifid at apex ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at apex.
Achenia dry, smooth, naked.
Sect. L Schizone'peta (from axi^w, schizo, to cut; and
Nepeta ; in allusion to the cut leaves of the species.) Benth.
lab. p. 468. Whorls crowded : upper ones approximating into
somewhat interrujited terminal spikes ; cymes all sessile.
Bracteas various. Calyx tubular, straight, but usually incurved,
with an equal or oblique mouth. Stamens exserted a little,
loosely ascending. Leaves dissected or lobed.
1 N. botryoi'des (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 287.) plant ascend-
ing, humble, much branched, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, deeply
sub-bipinnatifid : segments oblong-lanceolate or linear, obtuse,
quite entire, or somewhat pinnatifid ; floral leaves linear-subu-
late ; spikes cylindrical, hardly interrupted at the base ; ra-
cemes simple, spike-formed ; bracteas and calycine teeth acute.
1/ . H. Native of Eastern Siberia, in the Altaic region, at the
rivers Katunga and 'rsclnija, Bunge ; in the Kirghisean Steppe,
Meyer. N. multifida, Lin. fil. suppl 273. N. annua. Pall, in
act. petrop. 1779. 2. p. 263. t. 12. N. bipinnata, Cav. icon.
1. p. 36. t. 49. Leaves usually bipinnatifid : upper ones simply
pinnatifid: floral ones minute. Bracteas minute. Calyx witli
an oblique mouth. Corolla cream-coloured or white, villous.
Stamens rather shorter than the corolla.
Botri/s-like Cat-mint. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1779. PI. I to
1 foot.
2 N. TENUiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 468.) stems procumbent,
glabrous, or finely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, pinnate : seg-
ments oblong-linear, acute, a little serrated, narrowed at the
base, almost glabrous on both surfaces ; upper leaves and floral
ones entire ; spikes slender, interrupted at tbe base ; corollas
minute, exceeding the calyxes a very little. 11. H. Native of
China, between Pekin and Jehol, Sir G. Staunton. This species
differs from A'^. lavandulacea, in the leaves, slender spikes, and
minute flowers ; and from N. hotryoides, in the elongated, pro-
cumbent stems, S:c.
Fine-lcaied Cat-mint PI. procumbent.
3 N. I avaxdulaVea (Lin. fil. suppl. 272.) plant ascending,
pubescent ; leaves petiolate, deeply pinnatifid at the base, with
oblong or ovate, obtuse segments ; floral leaves ovate, acumi-
nated ; spikes cylindrical, interrupted at the base ; calycine
teeth very short, ovate ; corolla about twice as long as the
calyx. 2/. H. Native of Eastern Siberia, in the Altaic region,
in dry mountain places frequent. N. multifida, Lin. spec. 799.
Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 6. p. 22. t. 530. N. lobata, Rudolph, ex
Steud. nom. p. 552. Lophanthus mukifidus, Benth. in bot. reg.
vol. 15. under no. 1282. Saussurea pinnatifida, Moinch. meth.
p. 388. Lavandula foliis ovatis, &c., Gmel. sib. 3. p. 242. t.
55. Stems many, simple. Leaves sometimes all cut into 5-7
segments, sometimes deeply pinnatifid, or nearly entire. Co-
rolla blue, incurved. Mouth of calyx hardly oblique.
Lavender-like Cat-mint. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. 1
2 feet.
Sect.il Pychnone'peta (from Tri/^roc, pyc/jnos, dense ; and
Nepeta ; so called in allusion to the dense spikes of the species.)
Benth. lab. p. 469. Whorls crowded : upper ones, or all, col-
lected into terminal spikes ; cymes all sessile. Outer bracteas
alone imbricate, equalling the calyxes. Calyx tubular, straight
or incurved, with an equal or oblique mouth.
4 N. LINEA Ris (Roylc, ex Benth. in Hook. misc. 3. p. 377.)
stems ascending, nearly glabrous ; leaves sessile, linear, acutish,
quite entire, narrowed at the base, green and glabrous on both
surfaces ; spikes ovate, few-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate-subu-
5 K 2
804
LABIATE. LXVIII. Nepeta.
late ; calyx elongated, with lanceolate teetli, which are shorter
than the tube. i;. H. Native of the Himalaya. Stems pro-
cumbent at the base. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Spike short,
rather interrupted. Teeth of calyx villous. Corolla blue?
with a slenrler exserted tube.
Ztnear-leaved Cat-mint. PI. humble.
5 N. conna'ta (Royle, 1. c.) stems erect, villous ; leaves ses-
sile, lanceolate, acute, quite entire, cordately stem-clasping at
the base, rather connate, green on both surfaces, glabrous ;
spike oblong, dense, or rather interrupted at the base ; bracteas
lanceolate-subulate, ciliated, equalling the calyxes ; calycine
teeth subulate, longer than the tube. H . H. Native of the
valley of Cashmere, Royle. Stems simple. Leaves 2-3 inches
long. Corolla incurved, exceeding the calycine teeth a little.
C'o«na/e-leaved Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 1
6 N. NERVOSA (Royle, 1. c.) glabrous ; stem humble, erect,
branched; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, acute, serrated,
rounded at the base, green on both surfaces ; spike oblong,
dense; outer bracteas ovate, very acute, ciliated, longer than
the calyxes ; calycine teeth long-subulate, about equal in height
to the tube. 1/ . ? H. Native of the valley of Cashmere,
Royle. Herb branched at the base. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Mouth of calyx almost equal. Corolla incurved, twice as long
as the calyx.
Nerved-XenseA Cat-mint. PI. | to 1 foot.
7 N. ERio'sTACHYs (Benth. lab. p. 734.) stem erect, nearly
simple, pubescent ; leaves almost sessile, ovate, obtuse, cre-
nated, roundly subcordate at the base, green above, and gla-
brous, hoary beneath ; spike oblong, dense ; bracteas oblong-
linear and subulate, equalling the calyxes ; calycine teeth subu-
late, rather longer than the tube, and are, as well as the brac-
teas, villous. %.1V{. Native of Cashmere, in the valleys of
Baspa and Paber, in elevated grassy places on tlie inargins
of woods, &c., Jacquemont. Allied to N. connata and A''.
nervosa, but the leaves are very distinct. Leaves 1 to 1|
inch long. Bracteas entire.
M'oolly-spiked Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 N. campe'stris (Benth. lab. p. 734.) pubescent, or nearly
glabrous ; stems ascending, almost simple ; leaves almost ses-
sile, lanceolate, acute, serrated, rounded at the base, green on
both surfaces ; spike elongated, somewhat interrupted at the
base ; outer bracteas lanceolate, very acute, ciliated, about equal
in length to the calyxes ; calycine teeth subulate, about equal in
length to the tube. Tj. . H. Native of Cashmere, in fields, fre-
quent, Jacquemont. Allied in the form of the leaves to N. ner-
vosa ; and in the flowers to N. spicata. Spikes and bracteas
altogether that of A'^. spicata.
Field Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
9 N. ela'ta (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. hot. misc. 3. p. 378.
lab. p. 469.) stem erect, glabrous; leaves petiolate, oblong-
ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, crenated, broadly cordate at the base,
green and glabrous on both surfaces ; spikes oblong-cylindrical,
rather interrupted ; bracteas lanceolate-subulate, rather shorter
than the calyxes; calyx glabrous, with subulate teeth, which are
about equal in length to the tube. 2/ . H. Native of the
Himalaya, at Simlah, and in the valley of Cashmere. Stem a
little branched. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla incurved,
twice as long as the calyx, with an exserted tube. Plant gla-
brous in every part except the calycine teeth, which are pubes-
cent ; and the petioles and floral leaves, which are somewhat
ciliated.
Tall Cat-mint. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
10 N. spica'ta (Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. G4. lab. p.
470.) plant erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, ob-
tuse, crenated, cordate at the base, green on both surf;ices ; ra-
cemes spike-formed, short, dense ; bracteas oblong or lanceolate-
linear, subulate, acuminated, equalling the calyxes ; calycine
teeth long-subulate, about equal in lengtli to the tube. %. H.
Native of Himalaya, in the provinces of Kamaon and Bhuddri-
nah. Wall. ; Valley of Cashmere, Royle, and at Simlah, Lady
Dalhousie. Betonica laevigata, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 110.
Stem a little branched, with pubescent angles. Leaves 1 to 1 J
inch long : floral leaves broad-ovate, sessile. Calyxes sessile,
incurved, with a nearly equal mouth. Corolla incurved, twice
as long as the calyx, red. ? Bentham has specimens of this
gathered in Cashmere by Jacquemont, having the stems and
leaves sometimes hispid, and the leaves scarcely cordate at the
base.
Spiked Cat-mint. PI. h to 1 foot.
11 N. raphanorhi'za (Benth. lab. p. 734.) stem ascending,
pubescent at the base, rather clammy ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
bluntish, serrately crenated, truncate at the base, rather hispid,
green on both surfaces ; spike short, dense, somewhat inter-
rupted at the base ; outer bracteas oblong, narrowed at both
ends, almost equalling the calyxes ; teeth of calyx subulate, his-
pid, unequal, shorter than the tube, which is nearly glabrous.
H. Native of Cashmere, in grassy places, Jacquemont. Root
thick, like that of A'^. tuberhsa. Leaves like those of A'^. spicala,
but smaller.
Raddish-roolcd Cat-mint. PI. ?
12 N. Di'scoLOR (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. hot. misc. 3. p.
378. lab. p. 470.) stem ascending, villous at the base; leaves
petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, sub-cordate at the base, green
above and hoary beneath ; spike oblong, dense, or somewhat
interrupted at the base ; bracteas oblong-linear, very acute,
equalling the calyxes ; calyx nearly glabrous, with subulate
teeth, which are about equal in length to the tube. J/. H. Na-
tive of the Himalaya, Syen, and Mussooree, Royle. Leaves
like those of A'^. Mussini, but smaller. Bracteas and calycine
teeth ciliated.
Discoloured-\ea.\'eA Cat-mint. PI. ascending.
13 N. MOLLIS (Benth. lab. p. 734.) stems ascending, villous;
leaves on shcnt petioles, ovate, obtuse, a little crenated, cordate
at the base, clothed with soft villi on both surfaces, rather canes-
cent beneath ; superior leaves small, remote ; spikes slender,
rather interrupted ; bracteas oblong-linear, very acute, equalling
the calyxes ; calyx finely pubescent, having the teeth much
shorter than the tube. %. H. Native of the valley of Cash-
mere, Jacquemont. Allied to A', discolor. Whorls distinct,
scarcely 6-flowercd. Corolla pale red, the lower lip dotted with
purple, not blue, as in the other species of the present section.
Soft Cat-mint. PI. ascending.
14 N. elli'ptica (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. hot. misc. 3. p.
378. lab. p. 470.) stem erect, rather villous; loaves sessile,
ovate, elliptic, obtuse, toothed, cordate at the base, green on
both surfaces, glabrous ; spike interrupted at the base ; floral
leaves and bracteas ovate-lanceolate, very acute, ciliated, rather
longer than the calyxes ; calycine teeth subulate, about equal in
length to the tube. % . H. Native of the Himalaya, from
Cashmere to Syen, Royle. N. polystachya, Benth. in Hook. bot.
misc. 3. p. 378. Leaves elegantly and regularly toothed, an inch
long. Calyx and corolla of A', spicata.
far. li, parviflbra (Benth. lab. p. 470.) flowers smaller. %. H.
Native of Simlah, Lady Dalhousie.
Elliptic-\ea\fiA Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
15 N. gra'ta (Benth. lab. p. 735.) stem erect, branched,
clothed with fine pubescence ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate, ob-
tuse, crenated, rounded at the base or sub-cordate, wrinkled, pu-
bescent on both surfaces, or nearly glabrous above, rather canes-
cent beneath ; spikes ovate-oblong, thick, interrupted at the
base ; mouth of calyx very oblique, sub-bilabiate ; corolla
scarcely twice as long as the calyx, i;. H. Native of Cash-
LABIAT.E. LXVIII. Neieta.
805
mere, in stony, grassy, and humid places, Jacquemont. Very
like A', siiplna ; odour of Salvia qlficiiialis.
G rate/ II t-scenled Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 1 i foot.
16 N. iMULTiBRACTEA'TA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 11. t. 123.)erect,
pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-oblong, crenated, cor-
date at the base, green on both surfaces ; racemes si)ike- formed,
dense, simple, somewhat interrupted at the base ; bracteas linear-
subulate, coloured, equalling the calyxes ; tube of corolla equal-
ling the calycine teeth. 1/. H. Native of Mount Atlas, near
Tlemsen. Stems almost simple. Lower leaves 1-2 inches long,
striped, purplish ; whorls dense, many-flowered : lower ones
distant. Corollas purple, similar to those of A'^. rcticidula.
Maiiy-bracfead Cat-mhn. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 3
feet.
ir N. Vailla'nti (Benth. lab. p. 471.) plant erect, nearly gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, cordate at the base :
superior leaves almost sessile, green on both surfaces ; raceme
simple, interruptedly spike-formed ; whorls few-flowered ; outer
bracteas oblong, bluntish, adpressed, striated, coloured a little,
and are, as well as the calyxes, pubescent ; tube of corolla
shortly exserted. 1[. H. Native of the Levant. Stems many
from the same root. Leaves an inch long, broadly crenated,
rather pubescent on the veins beneath. Corolla glabrous, in-
curved, twice as long as the calyx. Calycine teeth linear-lanceo-
late ; upper ones narrower.
Vaillanl's Cat-mint. PI. 1 foot.
18 N. Ai'u'lea (Ucria, ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 80.) plant
erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, crenated,
cordate at the base, green on both surfaces ; racemes spike-
formed, dense, simple; bracteas oblong-lanceolate, coloured a
little, about equal in length to the calyxes ; calycine teeth lanceo-
late, longer than the tube ; tube of corolla much exserted. 11 .
H. Native of Sicily, on calcareous hills; and of the North of
Africa, at Tangiers. N. tuberosa, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 10. but not
of Lin. N. rosea, Salzm. pi. tang. exs. ex Benth. lab. p. 471.
Stems generally simple, glabrous, or downy. Leaves smaller,
shorter, and less wrinkled than in A'^. tuberosa. Calyx 5-toothed,
nearly equal. Corolla pubescent, violaceous, middle lobe of
lower lip crenulated.
Aptilean Cat-mint. PI. 1 foot.
19 N. tuberosa (Lin. spec. p. 798.) stem erect, simple, rather
woolly ; lower leaves petiolate ; superior ones sessile, ovate-lan-
ceolate, crenated, dilated at the base, cordate, green on both sur-
faces, or rather woolly beneatli, w rinkled ; racemes spike-formed,
dense, simple, elongated ; bracteas broad -ovate, reticulated,
coloured, equalling the calyxes ; tube of corolla equalling the
calycine teeth. If.. H. Native of the South of Spain, Portu-
gal; Atlas, near Tlemsen, Sicily. N. tuberosa, Rchb. icon. bot.
eur. 5. p. 23. t. 439. N. lanka, Jacq. obs. bot. 3. p. 21. t. 75.
N. reticulata, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 11. t. 124. Rchb. icon. bot.
eur. 5. p. 23. t. 440. N. violiicea, Brot. N. seabra, Tausch,
in bot. zeit. 1831. 1. p. 218. N. foliosa, Mor. elench. sard, ex
Linnaea, 5. p. 69. — Barrel, icon. t. 602. — Ger. emac. t. 685. f.
7. Root fasciculately tuberous. Stems beset with rather cL.mmy
loose wool. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Calyx a little incurved,
with narrow-lanceolate teeth. Corollas blue, or pale purple ;
middle lobe of lower lip crenulated.
ri(6cro«4-rooted Cat-mint. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
20 N. ScoRDOTis (Lin. spec. p. 798.) plant ascending, tomen-
tose ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, obtuse, cordate at the
base, villously woolly on both surfaces, wrinkled ; raceme sim-
ple, rather spike-formed ; whorls distinct, densely many-flow-
ered ; bracteas ovate, acute, adpressed, and are, as well as the
calyxes, villously woolly. %■ U. Native of Candia. Viv. 11.
libyc. t. 6. f. 2. N. tomentosa, Sieb. pi. exsic. — Alp. exot. p.
284. t. 283. Leaves scarcely an inch long: floral leaves sessile.
Teeth of calyx nearly Lqual. Corolla glabrous, white ? ; tube
incurved, a little exserted.
Far. (3, vhiilis (Benth. lab. p. 473.) base of plant almost gla-
brous, and the top very villous ; leaves green on both surfaces.
1^. H. Native of Sicily. S. hirsuta, Lin. spec. 798. but not of
others. N. Scordotis, Lin. spec. 798. N. prociimhcns. Mill,
diet. no. 10. — Bocc. sic. p. 48. t. 25. f. 2. Corollas white.
Scordotis Cat-m'mt. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. Itol.i
foot.
21 N. circinna'ta (Willd. enum. p. 602.) stem simple, erect ;
spikes ovate, solitary ; leaves ovate-cordate, crenated, petiolate ;
bracteas ovate, acute. 1/..H. Native of Cappadocia. Leaves
3 inches long,
Circinnate Cat-mint. PI. 1 foot. ?
22 N. supi'na (Stev. in mem. soc. nat. car. mosq. 3. p. 165.)
stems decumbent ; leaves oval, sub-cordate, sessile, villous ;
bracteas subulate, about equal in length to the calyxes ; whorls
almost sessile, approximate. %. H. Native of Eastern Cauca-
sus, in stony places at the falls of Choodgal, Steven ; on Alp
Tafandagh, among fragments of schistous. N. fissa, Meyer,
verz. pflanz. p. 93. Meyer, in his verz. pflanz. p. 93, gives
the following description of the plant : plant villous ; root
creeping ; stem erectish, a little branched ; leaves nearly ses-
sile, ovate or oblong, bluntisli, crenately toothed ; cymes nearly
sessile, collected into a terminal head ; calyxes membranaceous,
exceeding the subulate bracteas, but shorter than tiie tube of the
corolla ; lobes acuminated, mucronate. Corollas blue.
Trailing Cat-mint. PI. decumbent.
23 N. GLUTiNosA (Benth. lab. p. 7So.^ stem erect, branched,
clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves sessile, ovate or lanceo-
late, deeply toothed, green on both surfaces, clammy, finely |)u-
bescent ; raceme simple ; whorls distant, or the upper ones are
sub-spicate ; bracteas linear, very acute : outer ones a little
shorter than the calyxes ; calyx elongated, striated, with short
acute teeth ; tube of corolla much exserted. 1^. H. Native of
the Himalaya, between Poye and Rici, Jacquemont. Leaves
rather bullate above, ^ 'o f '"^h long, the nerves very ] rominent
beneath ; inflorescence almost of A^. Itdlica, and A^ dislans, but
the lower cymes are, for the most part, solitary. Calyx clothed
with clammy pubescence. Corolla violaceous ; tube incurved,
twice as long as the calyx ; lips short.
Clammy Cat-inint. PI. 1 to \h foot.
Sect. IIL Stegione'peta (from ortyw, stego, to cover, and
Nepeta.) Benth. lab. p. 474. Cymes condensed into many-
flowered whorls, often pedunculate: superior ones -sub-spicate.
Racemes simple, rarely remote. Bracteas about equal in length
to the calyxes, or exceeding them. Calyx sometimes elongated,
incurved, with an oblique mouth, and lanceolate or subulate
teeth, the upper teeth the largest ; sometimes almost straight,
with nearly equal teeth. Corolla having the tube hardly or a
little exserted, and the throat inflated.
24 N. SiBTHORPi (Benth. lab. p. 474.) plant ascending or
erect, branched at the base, tomentose or woolly ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate, wrinkled, clothed with soft
hoary tomentum or wool ; whorls dense, many-flowered ; lower
ones distant : the superior ones crowded into a terminal-oblong
spike ; bracteas ovate or oblong, subulately awned, equalling the
calyxes ; calyx ovate, with nearly equal awned teeth, which are
equal in length to the tube ; corolla hardly twice as long as the
calyx. "J/. H. Native on mountains about Athens, and near
Zara in Dalmatia. N. Italica, Sibth. et Smith, 11. gra-c. 6. t.
5 18. but not of Lin. Stems decumbent at the base, and woody ;
80(j
LABIATE. LXVIII. Nepeta.
brandies erect or ascending. Leaves | to 1 inch long : floral
leaves sessile. Corollas purplish.
Sihlhorps Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 N. Ita'lica (Lin. spec. p. 798.) erect, tall, clothed with
fine lioary puhescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, cordate,
canescent on both surfaces ; racemes almost simple ; bracteas
linear or lanceolate, stiff, rather longer than the calyxes ; calyx
elongated, a little incurved, with a scarcely oblique mouth, and
lanceolate, acute teeth, the superior teeth the largest ; corolla
hardly twice as lon^ as the calyx. If. H. Native of Spain,
Pavon ; Mogodor, Brouss. ; Italy, Lin. but is now wanting in
Italian, Neapolitan, and Sicilian floras. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 51.
t. 112.; a variety with broader, shorter bracteas. Rchb. icon,
bot. eur. 5. p. 50. t. 483. N. teucrioides, Lam. diet. 1. p. 711.
N. marrubioides, Willd. enum. 2. p. 603. N. imbricata. Lag. ex
Spreng, syst. 2. p. 729. O. orientalis. Mill, diet. no. 9. N.
calamintha, Tausch, in bot. zeit. 1831. 1. p. 219.? Cataria ca-
nescens, Moench. meth. p. 388. N. macrostachya, Jan. pi.
exsic. Leaves hardly an inch long. Whorls all distinct. Co-
rollas reddish v\hite ; tube almost inclosed.
//a/ion Cat-mint. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. U to 2 feet.
26 N. Di'sTANs (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
379. lab. p. 475.) erect, tall; stem villous; leaves petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, deeply cordate at the base,
wrinkled, villous beneath ; whorls dense : lower ones remote :
upper ones approximate ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, about equal
in length to tie calyxes ; calyx elongated, incurved, with an ob-
lique mouth : the superior teeth lanceolate : lower ones subu-
late ; all setaceously acuminated ; corolla about twice as long as
the calyx. If. H. Native of the Himalaya, at Mussooree, and
Syen, Royle. Allied to N. Itdl'ica, but differs in the simple de-
pauperate raceme, in the lower leaves being more \\rinkled,
densely villous beneatii, and in the calycine teeth being all seta-
ceous at top. Superior leaves few, remote, and smaller.
Dutant-vihorXeA Cat- mint. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
27 N. cilia'ris (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 64. lab.
p. 475.) erect, clothed, with hoary pubescence ; leaves petiolate,
broadly-ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, clothed with
hoary tomentuni beneath or on both surfaces; racemes almost
simple ; bracteas ovate or broadly lanceolate : outer ones almost
equal in length to the calyxes ; calyx elongated, pubescent, in-
curved, with an oblique mouth, and lanceolate-subulate rather
spreading teeth ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. % .
H. Native of Nipaul, and towards Cashmere. Habit and in-
florescence of A'^. ruderalis, from which it differs in the branches
and leaves being usually canescent, &c.
Ciliated Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
28 N. rudera'lis (Hamilt. ex Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar.
1. p. 64.) erectish, clothed with fine pubescence ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, pubescent on
both surfaces, rather greenish ; racemes nearly sessile, secund ;
cymes dense : lower ones pedunculate ; bracteas subulate : outer
ones equalling the calyxes ; calyx ovate, pubescent, with an ob-
lique mouth and subulate teeth, the superior teeth the longest ;
corolla a half longer tlian the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Nipaul,
at the foot of the mountains, Hamilt ; Hurdwar and Rajemahl,
Wall ; Hindostan, Heyne ? ; Saharumpur and Deyra Dhoon,
Jacqueraont. Glechoma erecta, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 7. Thymus
nepetoides, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 113. Glechoma Hindos-
tana, Roth. nov. pi. spec. p. 258. Glechoma I'ndica, Spreng,
syst. 2. p. 727. Leaves Ij inch long. Corollas small, purplish.
Rubbish Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
29 N. cLiNOPODioiDES (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc.
J). 379. lab. p. 476.) plant ascending, clothed with fine pubes-
cence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, broadly subcor-
date at the base, green on both surfaces, and finely pubescent ;
1
racemes almost simple ; whorls rather loose, many-flowered, snb-
secund ; bracteas subulate, rather shorter than the calyxes ; ca-
lyx tubular, pubescent, with an oblique mouth ; the superior
teeth lanceolate ; and the lower teeth subulate ; corolla scarcely
exceeding the calyx. %. H. Native of the banks of the
river Jumna, Royle. Allied to N. ruderalis, but differs in
the calyxes being smaller and slenderer, in the corollas being
small, scarcely exceeding the calyxes.
Clinopodium-like Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
30 N. LEUCOPHYLLA (Benth. lab. p. 476.) plant ascending or
erectish ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves petio-
late, ovate or roundish, crenated, truncate at the base or cor-
date, green al ove, wrinkled, clothed with white tomentum be-
neath ; racemes nearly simple, secund ; cymes nearly sessile,
dense, many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, rather shorter than the
calyxes ; calyx tubular, clothed, with hoary pubescence, with an
oblique mouth and lanceolate-subulate teeth : the superior teeth
the longest; corollas a half longer than the calyx. 1/. H.
Native of Himalaya, at Mussooree, Royle ; Simlah, Jacquemont.
This differs from N. ruderalis in the leaves being small, wrin-
kled, and white beneath.
Jl'hile-leaved Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
31 N. FLOccosA (Benth. lab. p. 736.) erect, divaricately
branched, clothed with white floccose wool ; leaves petiolate,
roundish, cordate at the base ; racemes very loose, a little
branched ; cymes bead-formed, few, many-flowered, on long
peduncles; bracteas linear-sidjulate, equalling the calyxes. If.
H. Native of the North of India, between Nako and Chango,
Jacquemont. This species is distinguished from N. ruderalis
in the wool, form of leaves, and inflorescence. Corolla small,
hardly exceeding the calyx.
Floccose Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
Sect. IV. Cata'ria (from co/(«, a cat ; so called because cats
are fond of N. cataria?) Benth. lab. p. 476. Cymes usually
condensed into many-flowered whorls : lower cymes peduncu-
late. Racemes simple or panieled. Bracteas shorter than the
calyxes, usually very short. Calyx elongated, incurved, with an
oblique, rarely erectish mouth, and lanceolate teeth, the superior
teeth generally the largest. Tube of corolla a little exserted,
with an inflated throat.
32 N. GRACiLiFLORA (Benth, in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1, p. 65.
lab. p. 476.) ascending, glabrous, or finely pubescent ; leaves
petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the
base, finely pubescent on both surfaces, rather canescent be-
neath ; racemes branched ; cymes very loose, dichotomous ; pe-
duncles and branches elongated, filiform ; bracteas subulate,
shorter than the calyxes ; calyx ovate-tubular, with an oblique
mouth and subulate teeth ; corolla scarcely twice as long as the
calyx. 11 . H. Native of the East Indies, in the province of
Hurdwar, Wall ; Devra Dhoon, Royle. Stem branched at the
base ; branches very slender. Leaves on long petioles, scarcely
an inch long. Corollas small, blue. This is intermediate be-
tween Sect, Cataria and Sect. Stegionejyeta.
Slender-Jloircred Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
33 N. micra'ntiia (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. alt. 2, p, 401.) plant
ascending, humble, pubescent, or glabrous ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, pale on both sur-
faces ; racemes loose, branched ; bracteas scarcely longer than
the pedicels ; calyx tubular, incurved, pubescent, with an oblique
mouth; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx. ©. H. Native
of Siberia in Altaia ; on the mountains of Arkaul and Dolenkara.
Ledeb. fl. ross, alt, ill. t. 412. Corollas blue.
Small-Jlowercd Cat-mint. PI, 1 foot,
34 N, Cata'ria (Lin, spec, p, 796,) plant erect, tall, clothed
LABIATE. LXVIII. Nepeta.
807
with hoary pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, deeply
crenatcd, cordate at the base, green above, but clollied with
hoary tonicntum bfiiealh ; racemes a little branched ; whorls
dense, many-flowered ; bracteas scarcely longer than the pedi-
cels ; calyx ovate, pubescent, a little incurved, with an oblique
mouth and lanceolate-subulate ratlier spreading teeth ; corolla
one half longer than the calyx, l/ . H. Native almost through-
out the whole of Europe, and Middle Asia, on walls, in hedges,
and in waste places ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t.
137. Fl. dan. t. 580. Catiria vulgaris, Mcench. meth. p. 387.
N. vulgaris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 398. N. citriodora, Becker, fl.
francof. p. 218. N. minor, Mill. diet. no. 2. N. Americana,
Mcench. ex Steud. nom. bot. p. 552. ? — ^Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t.
80. — Lob. icon. 511. f. 1. Pubescent or tomentosely canescent.
Leaves 1 J inch long. Lower cymes on short peduncles. Co-
rollas white, with a tinge of red, spotted with purple. The whole
plant has a strong scent between mint and pennyroyal. It is
called cat-mint, because cats are very fond of it, especially when
it is withered, when they will roll themselves on it, tear it to
pieces, and chew it with great pleasure. Ray observes, that
plants, which he transplanted from the field into his garden, were
always destroyed by cats, unless he protected them with thorns
till they had taken root and came into flower, but that they never
meddled with plants raised from seed ; hence the old saying :
'■ if you set it the cats will eat it ; if you sow it the cats don't
know it." Mr. iMiller has confirmed this by his own experience,
having frequently set a plant from another part of the garden
within two feet of others which came np from seed, when
the former was torn in pieces and destroyed by the cats, whilst
the latter remained untouched. Tlie true reason of this differ-
ence is assigned by Ray ; that cats are fond of it in a withering
state, or when the peculiar scent of the plant is excited by being
handled or bruised in gathering or transplanting.
An infusion of Cat-mint is deemed a specific in chlorotic
cases. Two ounces of the expressed juice may be given for a
dose. Sheep are said to eat it ; but all other domestic animals
are said to refuse it.
Far. (), Candida (Benth. lab. p. 477.) leaves deeply crenated,
pale above and white beneath. 2/. H.
Cat-mini, Common. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 2 to 4
feet.
35 N. Nepete'lla (Lin. spec. p. 797. ? Benth. lab. p. 477.)
plant erect, pubescent, or clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves
on short petioles, lanceolate, crenated, rounded or cordate at the
base, clothed with hoary pubescence or tomentum on both sur-
faces ; racemes many-flowered, nearly simple ; bracteas scarcely
longer than the pedicels; calyx tubular, incurved, with an oblique
mouth ; corolla twice as long as the calyx. 1/. H. Native of
the South of Europe, especially on the mountains ; as of Spain,
Provence, Switzerland ; Italy, from Piedmont and Liguria to
Naples. This is a very variable plant, especially in gardens.
Corollas usually twice the size of those of A'^. CaUiria, white,
purplish, or blue.
Jar. c(, major (Benth. lab. p. 477.) raceme elongated, many-
flowered ; flowers white or purplish. 2/.H. Native of shady
places. N. Nepetella, Ail. ped. 1. p. 37. t. 2. f. 1. bad. Rchb.
icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 35. t. 261. Catiria Nepetella, Mcench.
meth. p. 388. N. amethystina, Desf. ex Poir. suppl. 3. p. 206.
N. paniculata. Mill. diet. no. 4. Stems 3-4 feet high. Whorls
as in A'^. Cataria, large and dense, many-flowered, disposed in a
long raceme.
Far. /3, /lumilis (Benth. lab. p. 478.) racemes short, dense ;
flowers white or purplish. 1(.. H. Native in dry exposed
places. N. lanceolata. Lam. diet. 1. p. 710. Rchb. icon. hot.
eur. 6. p. 20. t. 536. N. angustifolia, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 41.
N. graveolens, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 3G6. N. Arragonensis, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 703. Plant humble. Racemes 2-3 inches long.
Far. y, incana (Benth, lab. p. 478.) leaves clothed withlioary
tomentum, and more wrinkled. 1(..H, N. incana. Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 285.
Small-Nepeta Cat-mint. Fl, July, Sept. Clt. 1728, PI. 1
to 4 feet,
36 N, cya'nea (Stev, in mem, soc. nat. cur. mosq. 3, p, 265.
Benth, lal), p, 478,) ascending, huinble, panicidately branched ;
branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate, small,
ovate or oblong, crenated, wrinkled, clothed with hoary tomen-
tum on both surfaces ; racemes numerous, short, sccund ; brac-
teas very short ; calyx tubular, incurved, clothed with hoary to-
mentum ; corolla scarcely longer than the calyx : tube inclosed,
1^, H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in gravelly places at the
Falls of Chodgal, Steven ; at the Falls of the Terek, and in
stony places near Nartzaiia, C. A. Meyer. N. incana, Bieb. fl.
cauc. 2. p. 40. 3. p. 392. Rchb, icon. bot. eur. 4, t, 305. and
numerous other authors, but not of Alton. N. acinifolia, Spreng.
pug. 1. p. 41. syst. 2. p. 727. N. mollissima, Tausch, in hot.
zeit. 1831. I. p. 219.? Stems trichotomously panicled, as in A'^.
Ucranica, but the branches are terminated by short unilateral
racemuies, not corymbs. Corollas small, blue or white.
5/Me-flowered Cat-mint. PI. 1 foot. ?
37 N. Meye'ri (Benth. lab. p. 478.) plant humble, ascending;
branches finely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, cre-
nated, cordate at the base, greenish on both surfaces, pubescent
beneath ; racemes nearly simple, many-flowered ; bracteas much
shorter tlian the calyxes ; calyx elongated, incurved, pubescent,
with an oblique mouth ; corollas scarcely half as long again as
the calyx, with an inclosed tube. If . H. Native of Caucasus,
in dry, stony places on the Taliisch mountains near Swant. N.
micrantha, Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 91. but not of Bung.
An intermediate plant between A". Mussini and A'^. Cataria. Can •
line leaves an inch long ; upper floral leaves minute. Corollas
like those of A^. Cataria.
Meyer's Cat-mint. PI, i to 1 foot,
38 N. agre'stis (Lois. nouv. not. 25. ? Benth. lab. p. 479.)
erect, almost glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolaie, deeply
toothed, subcordate at the base, nervosely wrinkled, green on
both surfaces ; racemes elongated, nearly simple ; bracteas
scarcely longer than the pedicels ; caly.x elongated, incurved,
villous, with an oblique mouth ; corolla scarcely twice as long as
the calyx, having the tube shortly exserted, 1/ . M. Native of
Corsica and Spain, on Mount Urchillo, near Orcelia. Stem a little
branched, clammy. Leaves J to 1 inch long, rather clammy.
Calyx clammy, villous. Corollas white, a little larger than those
of A'^. Cataria.
Field Cat-mint. PI. 2 feet.
39 N. azu'rea (R. Br. in append, to Salt, abyss. Benth, lab.
p. 479.) plant erect; leaves sessile, ovate or ovate-oblong, cre->
nated, subcordate at the base, wrinkled, canescent beneath ; ra-
cemes simple ; cymes nearly sessile ; whorls dense, the upper
ones subspicate ; bracteas minute ; calyx subovate, incurved,
pube-ccnt, with an oblique mouth ; corolla twice as long as the
calyx. 11. H. Native of Abyssinia, Salt. Stems finely tomen-
tose. Leaves green above. Corolla blue, with the tube a little
exserted, and attenuated at the base.
ylzure-{\o\vered Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
40 N. racemosa (Lin. spec. 1. p. 711.) plant erect, pubes-
cent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the
base, green and wrinkled above, and canescent beneath ; racemes
loose, nearly simple ; cymes almost sessile, or the lower ones are
pedunculate, few-flowered ; bracteas much shorter than the ca-
lyxes; calyx elongated, incurved, clothed with soft wool, with
808
LABIATE. LXVIII. Nepeta.
an oblique moiitVi ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, with a
shortly exserted tube. 1/ . H. Native of the Levant, Tourne-
fort. Rchb. icon. bot. eiir. 6. p. 19. t. 585. This species dif-
fers from N. Musshi't in the erect stem.
7?aceni0.5C-flowered Cat-mint. PI.
41 N. Mussi'ni (Henkel, adumb. pi. p 15. Benth. lab. p.
480.) diffuse ; branches ascending, clothed with hoary pubes-
cence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the
base, green and wrinkled above, and canescent beneath ; racemes
loose, simple, secund ; cymes nearly sessile, few-flowered ;
bracteas much shorter than the calyxes ; calyx elongated, in-
curved, clothed with soft wool, with an oblique mouth ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx, with a shortly exserted tube. % . H.
Native of Caucasus and Iberia, on stony hills. Rchb. icon. bot.
eiir. 6. p. 20. t. 587. N. longiflora, Sims, bot. mag. t. 923. ?
bad, but not of Vent. N. salvisefolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 115.
N. cyanotricha, Tausch, in bot. zeit. IS.'il. 1. p. 218. ? N. ar-
gentea, N. diffiisa, N. incana, N. lamiifolia, N. teucrioides, N.
violacea, N. Willdenoviana, &c. &c- Hort. Corollas pale blue, a
little smaller than those of iV. colorata. Tl;e leaves in the cultivated
specimens are very like those of A^. colorata, but those of the
wild specimens are much smaller, more wrinkled, and more
woolly beneath.
Mim!«'« Cat-mint. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. diffuse,
2 feet.
42 N. GRANDiFLORA (Bicb fl. cauc. 2. p. 42.) erect, almost
glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cor-
date at the base, green above, and pale and canescent beneath ;
racemes a little branched at the base ; cymes pedunculate, many-
flowered ; bracteas much shorter than the calyxes ; calyx elon-
gated, incurved, nearly glabrous, with an oblique mouth ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx, with a shortly exserted tube. %. H.
Native throughout Caucasus, in grassy mountain woods ; island
of Melos. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 68. t. 279. N. melissse-
folia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 115. and many other authors, but not of
liam. N. lamiifolia, Hoffm. hort. mosc. ex Bieb. N. colorata,
Wind. enum. 2. p. 602. N. argentea, N. grandis, N. incana, N.
teucrioides, N. violacea, &c. Hortid. Stems many feet high,
branched, glabrous or pubescent towards the tops. Corollas
blue, 7 lines long, incurved. This with N. Mussini have pro-
duced various hybrids in the gardens.
Great-Jiorvered Cat-mint. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1 806. PL 4
to 6 feet.
43 N. BETONic^EFOLiA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 92.) erect,
almost simple, \illously tomentose ; lower leaves petiolate : supe-
rior ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate, crenated, cordate at the base,
green on both surfaces, and clothed with soft pubescence ; ra-
cemes short, simple ; whorls all dense ; bracteas much shorter
than the calyxes ; calyx elongated, villous, with a scarcely ob-
lique dilated mouth ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, with an
exserted tube, which is attenuated at the base. 1/ . H. Native
of Caucasus, on the Talusch mountains. This differs from N.
grandijlora, in the superior part of the stem, leaves, calyxes, and
corollas being clothed with soft tomentum ; and in the racemes
l)eing short and spike-formed.
Betony-leaved Cat-mint. PI. 2 to 4 feet. ?
44. N. salvi.ef6lia (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3.
p. 379.) erect, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, wrinkled at the base,
clothed with soft tomentum on both surfaces, canescent above
and white beneath ; racemes loose, almost simple : cymes pedun-
culate, elongated, many- flowered ; bracteas very short; calyx
oblong, erect, pubescent, with an oblique mouth ; corolla more
than twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of the Valley
of Cashmere, Royle ; on the mountains of Pyr-Pundjal and
Hlamabad, Jacquemont. Leaves hardly an inch long. Corolla
slender, 6-7 lines long.
Sfige-leaved Cat-mint. PI.
45 N. MELisssFOLiA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 711. but not of Bieb.)
plant erect, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated,
cordate at the base, green on both surfaces, villous : the superior
ones sessile, acute ; racemes loose, nearly simple ; bracteas
shorter than the calyxes ; calyx elongated, incurved, pubescent,
with an oblique mouth ; corolla scarcely twice as long as the
calyx. %. H. Native of the Grecian Archipelago, on arid
hills ; as of Candia and Melos, &c. Desf. in ann. mus. 10. p.
301. t. 23. Allied to N. grmuliflbra. Hairs on stem rather
glandular. Leaves scarcely an inch long. Calyx coloured a
little. Corollas blue or purple, a little smaller than those of
N. grand'ifldra. Perhaps this species is referrible to Sect. Macro-
nepela. Branches of root fusiform.
Balm-leaved Cat-mint. Fl, July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
Sect. V. Macrone'peta (from fiai^pog, macros, long, and
Nepeta ; in allusion to the long corollas.) Benth. lab. p. 482.
Cymes pedunculate, few-flowered. Racemes terminal, very
loose, a little branched. Superior floral leaves or all bractea-
formed. Calyx elongated, with an oblique mouth and lanceolate
or ovate teeth ; the superior teeth rather the broadest. Corolla
much exserted, with a slender exserted tube, and an inflated
throat.
46 N. macra'ntha (Fisch. hort. gorenk. Benth. lab. p. 482.)
erect, branched, nearly glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-
lanceolate, serrately crenated, truncate, or subcordate at the
base, green on both surfaces : racemes elongated, rather loose ;
bracteas minute ; calyx incurved, with lanceolate teeth ; corolla
3 times as long as the calyx, having the tube much exserted and
attenuated at the base. %. H. Native of Siberia, among the
Altaian mountains. Dracocephalum Sibiricum, Lin. spec. 830.
Pall. fl. ross. 3. t. 13. Sims. bot. mag. 2185. Moldiivica elata,
Moench. meth. p. 410. Moldavica Sibirica, Mocnch. ex Steud.
nom. bot. p. 285. Dracocephalum, &c. Gmel. sib. 3. p. 234. t.
51. Root creeping. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla showy,
1 to 1;; inch long, blue.
Lo7>~g-Jlon'ered Cal-minl. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1760. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
47 N. Govania na (Benth. lab. p. 482.) plant erect, branched,
clothed with fine pubescence ; leaves on short petioles, ample,
oblong-elliptic, crenated, rounded at the base ; racemes elongated,
loose, a little branched, bracteas minute ; calyx a little incurved,
with lanceolate teeth ; corolla 4 times as long as the calyx, with
a very slender much exserted tube. If. H. Native of the
Himalaya ; as in Cashmere, Kidarkonta, and Kanaour, Royle ;
Sirmore and Kamaon, Wall. Dracocephalum Govanianum, Wall.
pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 65. Allied to the preceding. Corollas
yellowish.
Gon«n'« Cat-mint. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
48 N. ere'cta (Benth. lab. p. 482.) stem erect, pubescent ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, wrinkled,
cordate at the base, rather canescent beneath ; racemes elongated,
rather loose ; bracteas minute ; calyx rather incurved ; corolla
more than twice as long as the calyx, having the tube much ex-
serted and attenuated at the base. %. H. Native of Kanaour,
on the mountains, Royle. Dracocephaluin erectum, Royle, ex
Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 380. Allied to A^ macrantha,
but differs in the leaves being wrinkled and canescent beneath,
and in the flowers being a little smaller. Perhaps both this and
the preceding are varieties of A'^. macrantha. Corolla violaceous.
LABIATE. LXVIII. Nepeta.
809
Erect Cat-mint. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
49 N. Fi'ssA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 93.) erectish, quite gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, broadly subcordate at
the base, deeply crenated, green on both surfaces ; racemes very
loose, few-flowered, a little branched ; calyx incurved, with ob-
long teeth ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, with a very
slender much exserted tube. X- H. Native of Caucasus, in
stony places on the Talusch mountains. N. laxa, Benth. lab. p.
483. Stems decumbent at the base. Leaves scarcely an inch
long. Corollas blue, 10-12 lines long.
Cleft Cat-mint. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
50 N. LONGIFLORA (Vent.
hort. eels. t. 6G.) plant, ascend- Fig. 77.
ing, rather canescent ; leaves on
short petioles, superior ones
sessile, all ovate, crenated, cor-
date at the base, wrinkled, pale
on both surfaces ; racemes elon-
gated, few -flowered ; bracteas
scarcely equalling the pedicels ;
calyx a little incurved, with lan-
ceolate teeth ; corolla about 3
times as long as the calyx, with
a very slender much exserted
tube. %. H. Native of Per-
sia, between Teheran and Ispa-
han, and of Caucasus. Stems
decumbent at the base. Calyx
blue, as well as the corolla, (fig.
77.)
Long-flowered Cat-mint. Fl.
June, Aug. CIt. 1802. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
51 N. BREViFOLiA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 93.) decumbent,
pubescent ; leaves on long petioles, roundish, crenated, broadly
cordate, clothed with hoary pubescence on both surfaces, or
only beneath ; racemes few-flowered, loose ; bracteas shorter
than the calyxes ; calyx incurved, pubescent, with lanceolate
teeth ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, with a slen-
der much exserted tube. i;. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus,
on the Alps of Tafandagh, N. longiflora, Fisch. ex Hortul.
Habit of N. longiflora, but more humble. Calyx coloured at
top. Corollas blue, S-9 lines long, form of those of A'^. longi-
flora.
Short-leaved Cat-mint. PI. decumbent.
52 N. cRi'spA (Willd. spec. 3. p. SO.) erect,? pubescent;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, deeply crenated, cordate at the
base, clothed with hoary pubescence on both surfaces : racemes
nearly simple ; bracteas scarcely longer than the pedicels ; calyx
elongated, incurved, villous, with an oblique mouth ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx, with a shortly exserted slender tube.
7(.H. Native of the Levant. Allied to A'^. C'a/nri'a, but differs
in the smaller stature, in the leaves being hoary on both surfaces,
and in the flowers being twice as long ; and from A'^. Musslni in
the racemes being scarcely sccund, in the calyxes being villous,
not woolly, and in the cymes being almost sessile. Corollas
blue. Very nearly allied to A^ brev folia, but the racemes are
more dense.
Cur/erf-leaved Cat-mint. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1800. PI. 2 feet.?
53 N. septemcrena'ta (Ehrenb. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 48t.)
erect, clothed with rather clammy villi ; lower leaves petiolate,
superior ones sessile, all roundish, obtuse, crenated, cordate at
the base, green on both surfaces ; racemes elongated, few-flow-
ered ; bracteas scarcely longer than the pedicels ; calyx a little
incurved, with lanceolate teeth ; corolla more than twice as long
as the calyx, with a very slender mucli exserted tube. 1^. H.
Native of Egypt, Ehrenberg ; in the desert of Sinai, Bove.
VOL. IV.
Leaves like those of ground-ivy, but thinner. Corolla 7-8 lines
long, blue, slender.
i>e])temcrenate Cat-mint. PI. I foot.
54 N. TEUcRiiFOLiA (Willd. enum. p. 602.) ascending; leaves
ovate, cordate, ol)tuse, petiolate, toothed, pubescent ; cymes pe-
dunculate, few-flowered ; corolla with a very Iout filiform tube.
1/. H. Native of Armenia. Leaves on long petioles not ser-
rated, but furnished with 4-G deep teeth on each side, half an inch
long. Racemes composed of dense few-flowered cymes. Corollas
blue or purple.
Germander-leaved Cat-mint. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1816. PI.
ascending, li foot.
55 N. lamiifolia (Willd. enum. p. 602.) ascending, pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, cordate, obtuse, petiolate, serrated ; cymes
pedunculate, many-flowered ; tube of corolla filiform, curved.
%. H. Native of Armenia. Habit of Lainium amplexicaiile.
Flowers verticillately capitate at the tops of the branches.
Dead-nettle-leaved Cat-mini. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1806. PI.
J foot.
Sect. VL Glechoma (from yXTj^on', g-^ecAow, the Greek name
of a kind of thyme.) Benth. lab. p. 484. Glechoma, Lin. and
other authors. Chamaeclema, Mcench, meth. 387. Wiiorls axil-
lary, few-flowered. Floral leaves conforming to the cauline
leaves. Calyx tubular, a little incurved, with an oblique mouth
and lanceolate-awned teeth, the superior teeth drawn out. Co-
rolla exserted, having the tube dilated beyond the calyx. —
Creeping herbs.
56 N. Glechoma (Benth. lab. p. 485.) procumbent, creeping ;
leaves petiolate, roundish, crenated, cordate at the base, green
on both surfaces ; bracteas hardly equalling the pedicels ; ca-
lyxes villous; corollas 3 times as long as the calyx. 1^. H.
Native throughout Europe and the North of Asia, in hedges,
ditches, in woods and waste places ; plentiful in Britain. Gle-
choma hederacea, Lin. spec. p. 802. Hook. fl. lond. vol. 2.
with a figure. Woodv. med. hot. t. 28. Fl. dan. t. 789. Mart,
fl. rust. t. 61. Smith, engl. bot. t. 853. Calaniintha hede-
racea, Scop. earn. no. 730. Chaniceclema hederacea, Moench.
meth. p. 393. Chamoeclema vulgare, Vaill. bot. par. t. 6. f.
4-5-6. Glechoma micrantha, Bonningh. ex Rchb. fl. germ,
exc. p. 316. Stems more or less villous. Leaves about
an inch long : superior ones smaller, but similar. Corollas
blue, 6-7 lines long, varying to white. The leaves of groimd
ivy were formerly thrown into the vat with ale to clarify
it and to give it a flavour. This was called gill-ale, groimd ivy
being named gill or gell, and creep by ground, in some places.
From this use of the plant and the form of its leaves, it has also
the names ale-hoof and tun-hoof, but it has gradually grown into
disuse since the introduction of hops. The expressed juice,
mixed with a little wine, and applied morning and evening, de-
stroys the white specks upon horses' eyes. Ground ivy has a
peculiar strong smell and a bitterish taste, somewhat aromatic.
It was formerly in considerable credit for pectoral, detergent,
aperient, diuretic, corroborant, and other qualities, and was
recommended particularly in pulmonary and nephritic complaints.
In obstinate coughs it is still a favourite remedy with tiie com-
mon people. It acts also as an errhine, and is consequently use-
ful in headache. It is usually taken in the form of an infusion
or tea ; the expressed juice is also used with honey in coughs ;
a conserve or syrup is also made with it. A plant so common
and so much esteemed by the multitude has, of course, many
local names besides those mentioned.
Var. (i, hirsilta, (Benth. lab. p. 485.) plant hairy in every
part. %.H. Native of Germany and Hungary, in shady moun-
tain places. Gleclioma hirsuta, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2.
p. 124. t. 119. Glech6ma magna, Merat, fl. par. p. 225.
5L
810
LABIATjE. LXVIII. Nepeta.
Var. y, parviflora (Benth. lab. p. 4-85.) all parts of the plant
smaller and more glabrous than the species, i;. H. Gleclioma
heterophylla, Opiz, ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 316. Glechoma
intermedia, Schrader.
Ground Ivy, Common. Fl. April, June. Britain. PI. creeping.
57 N. NIVALIS (Benth. lab. p. 737.) root creeping; stems
humble ; leaves sessile, roundish, wrinkled, green on both sur-
faces ; bracteas scarcely equalling the pedicels ; corollas resupi-
nate, with a twisted tube; superior stamens exserted. 1/. H.
Native of the north-east of India, on high, gravelly mountains
about Yurpo, Jacquemont. Glechoma nivalis, Jacquem. mss.
Habit, inflorescence, and scent, almost the same as that of N.
Glechoma. Stems branched at the base ; floriferous ones erect-
ish, simple, pubescent. Superior cauline leaves and floral ones
approximate, | to 1 inch long, hardly pubescent, cordately stem-
clasping. Corollas pale blue.
Snoivy Ground-ivy. PI. i foot.
58 N. Thibe'tica (Benth. lab. p. 737.) stems diffuse, hum-
ble, much branched; leaves roundish, on short petioles, trun-
cately cuneated at the base, rather coriaceous, pubescently
woolly ; bracteas longer than the pedicels ; corollas straight,
with a dilated throat ; genitals shorter than the corolla. 11 . H.
Native of the north-eastern parts of India, near Koo-Kliio-ghang,
and Lari, Jacquemont. Glechoma Thibetica, Jacquem. mss.
Very nearly allied to A^ nivalis, but differs in the corollas being
larger, and in the calyxes and bracteas being clothed with soft
villi.
Thibet Ground-ivy. PI. diffuse.
59 N. longibractea'ta (Benth. lab. p. 737.) stems diffuse,
humble, much branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, trun-
cately cuneated at the base, clothed with soft villi ; wliorls dense,
crowded at the tops of the branches ; bracteas linear, equalling
the corollas ; calyx tubular, having the teeth equal in length to
the tube; corolla straight, having the throat a little dilated;
genitals inclosed. 1/ . H. Native of the north-east of India, in
stony places, near Kang-rang-ghan, Jacquemont. This is an in-
termediate plant between Sect. Gleclioma of Nepeta, and the
genus Marmoritis. Habit more loose than in N. nivalis and
N. Thibetica. Corollas azure blue, pubescent outside.
Long-bractead Ground Ivy. PI. diffuse.
Sect. VII. Orthone'peta (from opdoc, orlho.^, straight, and
Nepeta ; in reference to the straight calyxes of the species.)
Benth. lab. p. 485. Cymes of flowers dense, on short peduncles.
Whorls distant, racemose. Racemes simple, but usually panicu-
lately branched. Calyx ovate-tubular, ereetish, with nearly
equal, subulate, stiff, but not pungent, teeth. Corollas exserted.
Tall herbs, with nearly sessile leaves.
60 N. LATiroLiA (D.C. fl. fr. 3. p. 528.) erect, tall, pubescent ;
leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse, crenated, rather cordate at the base,
green on both surfaces ; racemes elongated, many-flowered ;
bracteas lanceolate-subulate, shorter than the calyxes ; calyx
pubescent; corolla twice as long as the calyx. If.. H. Native
of Spain, the Eastern Pyrenees, and the Canary Islands. N.
grandiflora, Lapeyr, abr. p. 329. N. cseridea, Ait. hort. kew. 2.
p. 285. Allied to N. nuda. Plant pubescent, often clammy.
Leaves twice the size and more wrinkled than those of N. niida.
Cymes dichotomous. Corollas blue, pubescent outside.
Broad-leaved Cat-mint. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1777. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
61 N. nu'da (Lin. spec. p. 797.) erect tall, nearly glabrous ;
leaves sessile or scarcely petiolate, oblong, crenated, subcordate
at the base, green on both surfaces ; racemes panicled, many-
flowered ; bracteas scarcely longer than the pedicels ; calyx pu-
bescent ; corolla half again as long as the calyx, or twice as
lone 1/ . H. Native of the South of Europe and Siberia, in
woods ; as of Spain, Provence, Piedmont, Naples, Mount Par-
nassus, South of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Podolia, Tauria,
Caucasus, Altaian mountains, &c. Plant glabrous or pubescent.
Leaves Ig to 2 inches long, usually glabrous, but sometimes
downy beneath. Corolla white or blueish, 4-6 lines long.
Var. a, grandijlora (Benth. lab. p. 486.) corollas usually pur-
plish or blueish. 1/ . H. N. Pannonica, Jacq. fl. austr. 2. p.
18. t. 129. and other authors, and probably of Lin. spec. p. 797.?
N. paniculata, Crantz. stirp. p. 270. N. violacca, Vill, fl.
dauph. 2. p. 367. and many other authors, and probably of Lin.
spec. 797. ? Cataria nflda, Moench, meth. p. 388. Cataria vio-
lacea, Moench, ex Steud. nom. p. 553. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 636.
Var. f3, parvi/ldra (Benth. lab. p. 486.) corollas usually white.
■J/ . H. N. Pannonica, Lin. spec. 797. ? N. ni'lda, Jacq. austr.
1. p. 17. t. 24. N. Ucranica, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 41. and of
many other authors, but not of Lin. N. alba, Desf. ex Steud.
nom. p. 552. Cataria paniculata, Moench, meth. ex Steud. nom.
p. 553.
Naked Cat-mint. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1683. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
Sect. VIII. Oxyne'peta (from ojuc, oxys, sharp, and Ne-
peta ; in reference to the pungent teeth of the calyx.) Benth,
lab. p. 486. Flowers distinct, or collected at the tops of the
branches, corymbosely panicled. Calyx tubular, ereetish, with
nenrly equal, subulate, rather pungent teeth. Teeth of corolla
equalling the calycine teeth, or scarcely exceeding them. — Hum-
ble herbs. Leaves usually petiolate. The plants contained in
this section are very distinct in habit from the species of the
other sections.
62 N. PARVIFLORA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 41.) plant ereetish,
panicled, villous; leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, serrately crenated, rounded at the base or cordate, green on
both surfaces ; cymes loose, trichotomously panicled ; bracteas
linear, equalling the calyxes ; calyx pubescent, having the teeth
exceeding the corolla. IJ. . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus;
also of Iberia, on dry hills and fields, Bieb.; near Cherson, Bes-
ser. Odessa, Lang and Szovits. Lower leaves 1 to 1| inch long,
pubescent or nearly glabrous above, and villous beneath. Flowers
3-5 at the tops of the branches of the panicle. Corollas minute,
blue, ? pubescent outside.
Small-Jlomered Cat-mint. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1
foot.
63 N. Ucra'nica (Lin. spec. p. 797. ex Benth. lab. p. 487.
but not of other authors.) erect, panicled, nearly glabrous ; cau-
line leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, a little
toothed, roundly cuneated at the base, green on both surfaces ;
cymes loose, trichotomously panicled ; bracteas linear ; calyx
elongated and hispid : teeth of calyx about equal in length to the
corolla, v.. H. Native of Siberia, about Orenburgh, Prescot ;
Kirghisean Steppe, Ledebour. Teucrium Sibiricum, Lin. spec,
p. 788. N. Sibirica, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 41. in obs. Habit of A'^.
parvifldra, but the leaves and stems are glabrous, or rather ca-
nescent from very fine tomentum. Corollas blue.
[//crai«e Cat-mint. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
64 N. HELioTROPiFOLiA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 711.) erect, pani-
cled, canescent ; leaves on very short petioles, oblong, almost
quite entire, narrowed at the base, canescent on both surfaces ;
cymes loose, trichotomously panicled ; bracteas linear ; calyx
elongated, hispid : the teeth about equal in length to the corolla.
1/ . H. Native of the Levant, Lara. ; Syria, near Aleppo,
Russell. Satureia stricta, Russ. nat. hist. alep. Very like A''.
Ucranica; but differs in the nearly entire leaves, which are
narrowed at the base ; and in the whole plant being canescent
from pubescence.
LABIATiE. LXVIII. Nepeta. LXIX. Marmoritis. LXX. Dracocephalum.
811
Turnsol-leavcd Cat-mint. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
65 N. pu'ngens (Benth. lab. p. 487.) erect, nearly glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, narrowed at the base, rather
fleshy, somewhat canescent on both surfaces ; racemes nearly
simple ; bracteas foliaceous, rather spiny, longer than the
calyxes ; calyx elongated, with linear, stiff teeth ; corolla
scarcely exceeding the calyx. %.¥{. Native of Syria, between
Bagdad and Kermancha, Olivier, and Bruguiere. Whorls 30-
flowered, and more.
Pungent-hxacieail Cat-mint. PI. ~ to 1 foot.
66 N. pusi'lla (Benth. lab. p. 488.) dwarf, erect, finely pu-
bescent ; leaves small, ovate, acutely serrated ; upper floral
leaves and bracteas lanceolate-linear, very acute, pungent ; flow-
ers cymosely capitate, subcorymbose ; calyx tubular, pubescent ;
teeth of calyx very acute, exceeding the corolla. ^^ . H. Na-
tive of Altaia, on Mount Arkaul. Ziziphora pungens, Bunge,
in Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 23. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 124. Stems fili-
form, almost simple. Leaves 3-4 lines long. Corollas minute,
slender.
Least Cat-mint. PI. j to | foot,
•|- Doubtful species,
67 N. Japonica (Willd. spec. 3. p. 52.) stems decumbent,
and naked at the base, tomentose at top ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acute, serrated, tomentose on both surfaces, white beneath ; pa-
nicles of flowers axillary, trifid, fastigiate. If.. H. Native of
Japan, on the tops of the mountains called Kosido. N. incana,
Thunb. jap. p. 244. Leaves J an inch long.
JajJan Cat-mint. PI. decumbent.
68 N. macrou'ra (Led. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 729.) cymes
many-flowered, spreading, panicled, almost leafless ; caly.x
hoary, striated ; leaves subcordately triangular, on long peti-
oles, serrated, canescent : upper ones quite entire. l/ . H.
Native of Siberia. Corollas whitish. The plant in the gar-
dens under this name appears to be hardly distinct from the
common form of N. Cataria.
Lo7ig-tailcd Cat-mint. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to
4 feet.
69 N. Nepale'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 730.) spikes com-
pound, subsecund ; calyxes hoary ; leaves lanceolate, serrated
in the middle, petiolate, a little reflexed, attenuated at both
ends, and quite entire. 1/. H. Native of Nipaul.
Nepaul Cat-mint. PI. ?
i + Species only known hy name.
1 N. cane'scens (Raeusch. ex Steud. nom. p. 552.) Perhaps
nothing but Ihjptis canescens.
2 N. Patavi'na (Fisch. ex Steud. 1. c.) Perhaps Melissa
Patavlna.
3 N. pauciflora (Spreng. ex Steud. 1. c.)
4 N. siD.EFOLiA (Raeusch. ex Steud. 1. c.) Perhaps Hyptis
poly ant ha.
5 N. suave' OLENS (Roem. ex Steud. 1. c.) Perhaps Hyptis
suaveolens.
Cult. Some of the species are rather pretty when in blos-
som, and are therefore well fitted for flower borders ; and
others are coarse plants, without beauty. They all grow in
common garden soil, but prefer one light and dry. They are
increased by dividing at the root in spring or autumn, or by
seeds.
LXIX. MARMORPTIS (probably from napfiapos, marmo-
ros, white, in allusion to the plant being clothed with white
tomentum.) Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. S. p. 377. lab. p.
480.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gtjmnospermia. Calyx 13-15-
nerved, tubularly campanulate, deeply 5-toothed : teeth equal,
acute. Corolla shorter than the calyx; upper lip erect, bifid,
flat ; lateral lubes of lower lip erect : middle lobe spreading,
broad, crenulatcd. Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous : lower
ones the shortest ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel. Style
shortly bifid at apex ; lobes nearly equal, subulate, stigmati-
ferous at apex. Achenia dry, smooth, naked.— A small Hima-
layan plant, very nearly allied to Nepeta, of which, like the
other genera of this tribe, it might be considered a section.
1 M. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3.
p. 377. lab. p. 490.) 1/. H. Native of Himalaya, on moun-
tains in the province of Kanaour, Royle. Stem thick at the
base, branched. Branches procumbent, nearly simple, clothed
with tomentose villi, densely leafy at top. Leaves like those of
Lamium amplexicaiile, reniform, all petiolate, wrinkled, crenated,
clothed with white loose tomentum on both surfaces, but espe-
cially beneath. Whorls few-flowered, secund in the axils of the
superior leaves, shorter than the petioles.
Bound leaved Marmoritis. PI. procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nepeta above.
LXX. DRACOCE'PHALUM (from Spaicioi', dracon, a dra-
gon ; and ce^aA?;, kephale, a head ; in reference to the ringent
corollas.) Lin. gen. no. 729. Schreb. gen. no. 984. Juss.
gen. p. 116. Gaertn. fruct. t. 66. Benth. lab. p. 490. Molda-
vica et Zornia, Mcench, meth. p. 410. Rnyschiana, Mill. diet.
Dracocephalum and Moldavica, Tourn. inst. t. 83. and t. 85.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 13-
15-nerved, straight, rarely incurved, with a straight or equal
5-toothed mouth ; upper tooth the broadest, usually large, the
3 upper teeth sometimes joined into an upper lip. Corolla with
the tube slender at the base, inclosed, or more often exserted,
with a very wide throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip erect,
rather concave, emarginate : lower lip spreading, trifid, the
middle Icbe large, and rather bifid. Stamens 4, didynamous :
lower ones the shortest, ascending. Anthers approximating by
pairs, 2-celled ; cells divaricate. Style about equally bifid at
top ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at apex. Achenia dry,
smooth, naked. — Perennial herbs. Whorls many-flowered, ax-
illary, or approximate into a terminal spike. Bracteas usually
foliaceous, aristately toothed. Corollas generally large, blue or
purplish, rarely white or yellowish. This genus is readily dis-
tinguished by the broad toothed bracteas.
Sect. L Keimodra'con ((vova Knpai, heimai, to lie down; and
ipaKuy, drakon ; in reference to the procumbent stems of the
species.) Benth. lab. p. 492. Stems procumbent, much branch-
ed. Leaves nearly orbicular, deeply crenated, or somewhat pal-
mately pinnatifid. Flowers capitate, or disposed in oblong
spikes. Anthers glabrous.
1 D. palma'tum (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 151.) stems
procumbent, villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, palmately
pinnatifid, green on both surfaces, villous ; whorls capitately
spicate ; bracteas small, cuneated, setaceously toothed ; upper
tooth of calyx broad, truncate ; corolla about 3 times longer
than the calyx: superior lip elongated, incurved. 1/. H.
Native of Eastern Siberia, near Ishinginsk. Stems suftruticose
at the base. Floriferous branches ascending. Whorls 2-6-
flowered, approximate. Corollas showy, purplish, nearly gla-
brous.
5 L 2
812
LABIATE. LXX. Dracocephalum.
Palmate-]eaveA Dragon's-head. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815.
PI. procumbent.
2 D. botryoi'des (Stev. in mem. soc. nat. cur. mosq. 3. p.
26C.) stems procumbent, villous; leaves petiolate, ovate-round-
ish, palmately pinnatifid, greenisli on both surfaces, villous ;
whorls capitate, or in oblong spikes ; bracteas cuneated, cut,
villous ; upper tooth of calyx ovate, acute ; corolla a half again
as long as the calyx : the upper lip short and straight. 11 . H.
Native of Eastern Caucasus. Nepeta pinnatifida, Fisch. cat.
hort. gorenk. 1812. p. 22. ex Bieb. This differs from D. pal-
matum, in the larger leaves, and in the whorls being 6-10-flow-
ered, and more densely spicate, &c. Corollas purple, villous
outside.
Botnjs-lllce Dragon's-head. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI.
procumbent.
3 D. Di'scoLOR (Bunge, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 492.) stem
procumbent, branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate, deeply pinna-
tifid, green, and nearly glabrous above, and white beneath :
margins of segments revolute ; whorls oblong-spicate ; outer
bracteas cuneated, setaceously toothed ; upper tooth of calyx
broad, truncate, awned ; corolla twice as long as the calyx. 1/ .
H. Native of Altaia, among chalky or schistous mountains in
saltish rugged places from the river Tscharysch, to the mouth of
the rivers Kerlyk and Kan, Ledebour. D. origanoides, Led. fl.
alt. 2. p. 383. but not of Steph. Stems prostrate, rooting ; flo-
riferous branches ascending, pubescent or canescent. Leaves
3-4 lines long. Spikes 1 to 1| inch long. Corollas blue.
Tn<o-coloiircd-\ea-ved Dragon's-head. PI. creeping.
4 D. pinna'tum (Lin. spec. 829.) stems procumbent, branch-
ed ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, somewhat palmately pinna-
tifid, green on both surfaces, rather villous ; whorls disposed in
capitate spikes ; outer bracteas cuneated, deeply toothed ; upper
tooth of calyx ovate, awned ; corolla one half longer than the
calyx, about equal in length to the bracteas. If.. H. Native
of Siberia, in stony, rugged, alpine places of Altaia, at the river
Tschuja ; on Mount Tarbagutai, in the Kirghisean Steppe ;
and on the island called Olchon, in Lake Baical, Bunge. Ledeb.
fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 445. D. pinnatifidum. Lam. diet. 2. p. 319.
— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 234. t. 52. Stems prostrate, much branch-
ed. Leaves 3-4 lines long. Spikes dense, 1 ^ inch long, ovate.
Corollas small, blue. Bracteas bluish.
Pinnate-\ea\ed Dragon's-head. PI. prostrate.
5 D. ORiGANorDES (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 151.) stems
procumbent; branches villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish,
deeply crenated, green on both surfaces, pubescent ; whorls dis-
posed in capitate spikes ; bracteas large, broad-cuneated, deeply
toothed ; teeth of calyx all lanceolate, membranous : the upper
tooth scarcely broader than the rest ; corolla scarcely exceeding
the calyx. 1^ . H. Native of the tops of the Altaian alps, at
the river Tschuja, Bunge. Leaves broader and less cut than in
D. pinnatum : floral leaves large. Spikes globose, nearly 1|^
inch in diameter. Corollas blue, about equal in length to the
bracteas.
Murjoram-Uke Dragon's-head. Fl. July. Clt. 1829. PI.
procumbent.
Sect. 1L CalodraVon (from caXoc, Jcalos, pretty ; and cpa-
Kwv, dracon; in reference to the beauty of the flowers of the
species.) Benth. lab. p. 494. Stems thick at the base ; flori-
ferous branches erect, few-leaved. Leaves nearly all radical, on
long petioles, crenated. Whorls disposed in capitate or oblong
spikes. Anthers glabrous.
C D. imbe'rbe (Bunge, enum. pi. alt. crit. mss. ex Benth. lab.
p. 494.) nearly glabrous ; stem erect, humble ; radical leaves on
long petioles : cauline ones few, on short petioles, all reniform.
deeply crenated, green on both surfaces ; whorls disposed in
capitate spikes ; bracteas cuneated, cut, glabrous ; upper teeth
of calyx oblong ; corolla twice as long as the calyx. %. H.
Native of Siberia, on the tops of the Altaian mountains, at the
river Tschuja, Bunge. Stems tufted. Floriferous branches
erect, glabrous, or finely pubescent. Floral leaves, bracteas, and
calyxes coloured. Corollas blue, an inch long : lips nearly equal.
Radical leaves an inch long.
Beardless Dragon's-head. PL ^ foot.
7 D. grandifl6rdm (Lin. spec. 830.) stems erect, pilose
above ; radical leaves on long petioles, oblong, obtuse, crenated,
cordate at the base ; cauline leaves few, on short petioles, ovate,
all green, and nearly glabrous ; floral leaves orbicular, pilose :
the upper ones bractea -formed ; whorls disposed in oblong
spikes ; bracteas large, orbicularly cuneated, deeply toothed ;
superior teeth of calyx oblong ; corolla ample, 3 times as long
as the calyx. 1^. H. Native of Siberia, frequent, particularly
in the Altaian range. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1009. D. Altaiense,
Laxm. in nov. comm. petrop. 15. p. 556. t. 29. f. 5. Rchb.
icon. pi. cult. 1. t. 90. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 1. t. 57. Radi-
cal leaves 1-2 inches long. Petioles of the cauline leaves short,
dilated, subconnate, ciliated. Spikes 2-3 inches long. Bracteas
a little coloured. Corollas showy blue, nearly 2 inches long.
Great-flowered Dragon's-head. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759.
PI. i to I foot.
8 D. sPECiosuM (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 65.)
stems erect, pubescent ; radical leaves on long petioles, broadly
heart-shaped : cauline ones few, on short petioles, all wrinkled
and green on both surfaces, and pubescent beneath ; floral
leaves orbicular, somewhat bractea-formed ; whorls disposed in
oblong spikes ; bracteas orbicidar, deeply crenated, much shorter
than the calyxes ; upper tooth of calyx ovate ; corolla about
twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of the Himalaya,
and Nipaul. Leaves scarcely an inch long, and 2 inches broad.
Whorls 2-4, dense, subsecund. Corolla very villous outside,
purple.
Showy Dragon's-head. PI. 1 to IJ foot.
9 D. fra'gile (Turcz. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 495.) stems
decumbent, articulated, rather pilose ; leaves petiolate, oblong,
obtuse, obscurely crenated, rounded at the base, green on both
surfaces, pilose or glabrous; floral leaves and bracteas sessile,
elliptic, quite entire, mucronate, membranous, pilose ; whorls
disposed in oblong spikes, equalling the calyxes ; upper tooth of
calyx large, ovate ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx.
%. H. Native of Dauria, at Lake Nossogal, Turczaninow.
Branches articulated at the nodi. Bracteas ciliated on the veins
and edges. Calyxes purplish. Corolla yellowish ? incurved.
Brittle Dragon's-head. PI. procumbent.
10 D. lamiif^lium (Desf. pi. cor. Tourn. in ann. mus. 10.
p. 305. t. 26.) stems simple, tufted ; leaves petiolate, ovate, ob-
tuse, crenated, rather pilose, as well as the stems ; flowers capi-
tate at the tops of the stems ; upper lip of corolla bifid, with
toothed segments. % . F. Native of Candia, in the fissures of
rocks. Calyx dilated, with 5 deep, nearly equal, acute seg-
ments. Corollas large, rose-coloured, 1^ inch long ; lower lip
emarginate, crenated, spotted with purple. Perhaps a species
of Nepeta.
Dead-Nettle-leaved Dragon's-head. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
Sect. III. Cryptodra'con (from Kpvn-Toc, crypitos, hidden ;
and Spakw)/, dracon, a dragon ; so called in consequence of the
corolla hardly exceeding the calyx.) Benth. lab. p. 495.
Stems erect, branched, leafy. Whorls disposed in capitate
spikes. Anthers glabrous.
11 D. PARviFLORUM (Nutt. gcH. amcr. 2. p. 35.) stems erect,
LABIATE. LXX. Dracocephalum.
813
brancheil, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, deeply cre-
nated or serrated, green on both surfaces, pubescent beneath ;
whorls disposed in capitate spikes; bracteas ovate-cuneated,
aristately toothed ; upper tooth of calyx broad-ovate ; corolla
scarcely exceeding the calyx. 1/. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, at tlie river Missouri, near Fort Mandan, Nuttall ; Red
River, Douglas ; and at Cumberland House Fort, on the Sas-
katschawan, Drummond. Leaves like those of/). Molddvicum.
Spikes globose or oblong, dense. Corollas small, bluish.
Smalt-Jloivered Dragon's-head. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825.
n. i to 1 foot.
Sect. IV. Molda'vica (so called from the first species being
originally found in Moldavia.) Benth. lab. p. 496. Stems
erect or ascending, leafy. Whorls distant, subracemose. An-
thers glabrous.
12 D. Molda'vicum (Lin. spec. p. 830.) stem erect, branch-
ed ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, deeply crenated ; floral leaves
narrower, aristately serrated at the base ; whorls distinct, dis-
posed in long racemes ; bracteas lanceolate, aristately serrated ;
calyx bilabiate : upper lip semitrifid : lower one bipartite ;
corolla more than twice as long as the calyx. ©. H. Native
of Eastern Siberia ; and of the East Indies and South America,
but probably escaped from gardens. Lam. ill. t. 513. f. 1.—
Blackvv. herb. t. 551. Moldavica punctata, Mcench, meth. p.
410. Herb glabrous, or finely downy. Leaves an inch long.
M'horls 6-10-flowered. Corolla blue or white, with a very wide
throat.
Tl/oWai'i'an Dragon's-head. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI.
1 to 1| foot.
13 D. heterophy'llum (Benth. lab. p. 738.) stem ascend-
ing ; leaves petiolate, obtuse, crenated : lower ones rounded,
rather reniform, cordate at the base: superior ones oblong;
floral leaves narrowed at the base, and are, as well as the brac-
teas, oblong, and aristately toothed ; calyx bilabiate : the upper
lip broadly semitrifid, and the lower lip bipartite ; raceme sub-
spicate. 0.?H. Native of the North-east of India, on the moun-
tains of Koo-khio-ghang, Jacquemont. This differs from D.
ISIolducicum, in its humble stature, nearly simple branches,
dense spikes, and form of leaves. Upper leaves usually pubes-
cent ; cauline leaves never awned. Corollas pubescent, a little
larger than those of D. Molddvicum.
Various-leaved Dragon's-head. PI. humble.
14 D. fce'tidum (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 386.) stem
humble, divaricate, much branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
oblong, obtuse, crenated ; floral leaves narrower, aristately ser-
rated at the base; whorls distinct, disposed on short racemes;
bracteas oblong, aristately serrated ; calyx bilabiate : upper lip
broadly semitrifid : lower lip bipartite ; corolla more than twice
as long as the calyx. ©.? H. Native of Siberia, on sandy
hills near the river Tschuja, Bunge. Leaves short, on long pe-
tioles. Branches and calyxes pubescent.
Fetid Dragon's-head. PI. I foot.
15 D. pelta'tum (Lin. spec. p. 831.) stem erect; leaves
petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated ; floral leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, more entire ; whorls distinct, many-flowered, disposed in
long racemes ; bracteas orbicular, aristately toothed ; upper
tooth of calyx ovate : lateral ones oblong : lower ones lanceolate ;
corollas scarcely exceeding the calyxes. G. H. Native of Sy-
ria, between Bagdad and Kermancha. Lam. ill. t. 513. f. 2.
D. ocymifolium, Mill. diet. no. 4. Zornia peltata, Moench,
meth. 411. Stem nearly simple, glabrous, or finely tomentose.
Leaves \\ inch long, green, glabrous, gradually becoming nar-
rower to the top, all exceeding the flowers. Whorls 10-12-
flowered. Corollas small, blue, nearly glabrous.
Peltate Dragon's-head. PI. 1 foot.
16 D. Roylea'num (Wall, in pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 65. Benth.
lab. p. 497.) stem erect, strict ; leaves petiolate, ovate, cre-
nated ; floral leaves narrower : superior ones aristately serrated
at the base ; whorls distinct, disposed in interrupted spikes ;
bracteas oblong, aristately toothed ; calyx scarcely bilabiate :
superior teeth the broadest; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx.
©.? H. Native of the East Indies, in the province of Kuna-
wur, Royle. Stem glabrous at the base, and pubescent at top.
Leaves distant, green, nearly glabrous : floral ones rather longer
than the calyxes. Corolla very slender, yellowish.
Royle's Dragon's-head. PI. i to 1 foot.
17 D. Ibe'iucum (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 64.) stem decumbent?
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, narrowed a long way at the base,
a little toothed ; floral leaves lanceolate, nearly entire, all gla-
brous ; whorls distinct, disposed in long racemes, about 6-flovv-
ered ; bracteas linear-cimeated, aristately awned at top ; calyx
smoothish, having the U])per tooth ovate, and the lower ones
lanceolate; corollas hardly exceeding the calyxes. ©. ? H. Na-
tive of Iberia, Steven ; of Caucasus, on the Talusch mountains,
near Swant, C. A. Meyer. Allied to D. Roylednum and D, ca-
nesccns ; and differs from the first in the narrower, more entire,
glabrous leaves, and in the calyxes being twice the size ; and
from the second in the smoothness, and minute corollas. Co-
rollas blue, slender.
Iberian Dragon's-head. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. de-
cumbent.?
18 D. cane'scens (Lin. spec. p. 831.) stem erectish, branch-
ed, clothed with fine hoary tomentum ; leaves petiolate : lower
ones ovate or oblong, rather deeply crenated : floral ones lanceo-
late, almost quite entire, all canescent from fine tomentum ;
whorls distinct, disposed in long racemes, usually 6-flowered ;
bracteas ovate-cuneated, aristately toothed ; calyx hoary, having
the upper tooth ovate, and the lower ones lanceolate ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx. ©. H. Native of Syria, near
Aleppo, Russell. Sweet, fl. gard. 1. t. 38. Zornia canes-
cens, Moench, meth. p. 411. — Mill. fig. t. 129. — Commel. rar.
t. 28. — Volk. norib. t. 353. Bracteas shorter than the calyxes.
Corollas blue.
Canescent Dragon's-head, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1711. PI.
1 to U foot.
19 b. peregriVum (Lin. spec. p. 829.) decumbent; branches
ascending, nearly glabrous ; leaves quite glabrous, on short peti-
oles, lanceolate, for the iTiost part few-toothed, the teeth awned ;
floral leaves, and sometimes all, are quite entire ; whorls dis-
tinct, few-flowered, secund, disposed in short racemes ; bracteas
oblong or lanceolate, awned, a little toothed; calyx bilabiate:
upper lip broadly tridentate : lower lip narrowly bifid ; corolla
ample, about 3 times as long as the calyx. %. H. Native
throughout Siberia, Pallas. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1084. Lher.
stirp. nov. 2. t. 28. Ruyschiana verticillata. Mill. diet. no. 3. ?
— Mor. hist. 364. no. 9. sect. 11. t. 5. f. 9. Stems loosely
branched at the base, procumbent. Leaves an inch long.
Corollas 15-18 lines long, blue: upper lip broad, emargi-
nate.
Foreign Dragon's-head. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI.
ascending, a foot long.
20 D. THYMiiLOBUM (Lin. spec. p. 498.) stem erect; leaves
on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, crenated ; flora!
leaves narrower, more entire ; vvhorls distinct, many-flowered,
disposed in long racemes ; bracteas ovate-oblong, almost quite
entire ; upper tooth of calyx broad-ovate: lower ones lanceolate ;
corolla scarcely exceeding tiie calyx. ©. H. Native of the East
of Europe; about Upsal, Wahl ; about Moscow, Klustine ; South
of Podolia, Besscr. Giertn. fruct. 1. p. 319. t. 66. Zornia
parviflora, Mcench, meth. p. 411.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 233. t. 50.
814
LABIATiE. LXX. Dracocephalum. LXXI. Cedronella.
Steins a little branched, pubescent. Floral leaves twice the
size of the cauline leaves, green, scarcely pubescent. Whorls
usually 10- 12- flowered. Calyx a little coloured. Corollas very
slender, purplish.
T/iyme-Jion<credT>ragon's-heaii. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1752.
PI. 1 to li foot.
21 D. nu'tans (Lin. spec. p. 831.) stem erect ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, crenated ; floral leaves oblong-lanceolate, more en-
tire ; whorls distinct, many-flowered, disposed in long racemes ;
bracteas ovate or oblong, almost quite entire ; upper tooth of
calyx broad-ovate : lower ones lanceolate ; corolla more than
twice as long as the calyx. O- H. Native throughout Siberia.
Ker. bot. reg. t. S^l. Zornia nutans, Moench, meth. p. 411. —
Gmel. sib. 3. p. 231. t. 49. Habit, leaves, and calyxes of Z*.
thymiflbrum, but difl^ers in the longer corollas, 8cc.
iVt<(an«-racemed Dragon's-head. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731.
PI. 1 foot.
22 D. FRUTicuLosuM (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 152.) suf-
fruticose, glabrous; leaves nearly sessile, elliptic, mucronate,
quite entire, or the superior and floral ones are aristately tooth-
ed ; whorls few-flowered, the superior ones subspicate ; brac-
teas ovate, aristately toothed ; teeth of calyx all lanceolate : the
upper one the broadest; corolla scarcely twice as long as the
calyx. ^2 . F. Native of Siberia, Steven ; about Kiachta,
Sievers. Stem branched. Leaves 4 lines long. Calyx colour-
ed. Corollas like tliose of Z). inlegrijolium.
Shrubby Dragon's-head. Shrub dwarf.
23 D. iNTEORiFOLiUM (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 387.)
suflTruticose, glabrous ; branches erectish ; leaves nearly sessile,
lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire ; floral leaves bractea-formed ;
whorls racemose, secund ; bracteas ovate, aristately toothed ;
upper tooth of calyx broad-ovate : lower ones lanceolate ; co-
rolla about twice as long as the calyx. T^ . F. Native of tlie
Altaia, on the Kurtschum mountains, near Baty, and on rocks
near the ruins of Ablakit ; also of Dahuria. Habit of D . nutans,
but the leaves are very different. Calyx purple. Corollas pur-
plish blue.
Entire-leaved Dragon's-head. Shrub 1 foot.
Sect. V. Ruyschia'na (so named in honour of Dr. Ruysch,
who was professor of anatomy and botany at Amstertlam.)
Benth. lab. p. 499. Stems erect, leafy. Whorls somewhat in-
terruptedly spicate. Anthers villous.
24 D. Argune'nse (Fisch, ex Link, enum. 2. p. 118.) gla-
brous ; stems erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, gla-
brous ; whorls subspicate ; bracteas cuneate-elliptic, acute ; ca-
lyx quite glabrous, bilabiate : upper lip semitrifid : lower one
narrowly bipartite ; corolla ample, about 3 times as long as the
calyx. %. H. Native of Dahuria. Rchb. icon. pi. cult. 1.
t. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 797. Nearly allied to the following ; but
diflfers in the glabrous calyxes and larger flowers. Leaves nearly
sessile, 2-3 inches long, with fascicles of small ones in the axils.
Corollas pubescent, blue, showy.
Jrgun Dragon's-head, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1
to li foot.
25 D. Ruyschia'num (Lin. spec. p. 830.) stems erect, finely
pubescent : leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous ;
whorls subspicate ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, quite entire ; calyx
pubescent ; upper tooth of calyx ovate : lower ones lanceolate ;
corollas more than twice as long as the calyxes. 11. H. Native
of Europe and Asiatic Russia, on the mountains ; as of Nor-
way, Provence, Dauphiny, Switzerland, Gnlicia, Caucasus,
Altaia, &c. Oed. fl. dan. t. 121. D. hyssopifolium. Mart, ex
Steud. nom. p. 285. Ruyschiana spicata. Mill. diet. no. 1.
Zornia linearifolia, Mcench, ex Steud. nom. p. 285. — Zanon.
nov. t. 146. Ruyschiana glabra, Amm. ruth. p. 50. Branched
from the base. Leaves 1 to Ij inch long, nearly sessile, with
revolute edges, having young ones in the axils. Whorls approxi-
mate, generally 6-flowered. Corolla purplish, an inch long.
Ruy sells Dragon's-head. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1699. PI.
2 feet.
26 D. AusTRi AcuM (Lin. spec. p. 829.) stems erect, rather
pilose ; leaves 3-5-cleft, or the rameal ones are almost entire ;
segments of leaves linear, with revolute edges ; whorls some-
what interruptedly spicate ; bracteas 3-7-cleft, awned ; upper
tooth of calyx ovate : lower ones lanceolate ; corolla about 3
times as long as the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Europe and
Asiatic Russia, on the mountains ; as of the Pyrenees, Dau-
phiny, Switzerland, South of Germany, Galicia, Transylvania,
Podolia, Caucasus, &c. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 112. Zornia par-
tita, Moench, ex Steud. nom. p. 285. Ruyschiana laciniita,
Mill. diet. no. 2. Ruyschiana hirsiita, Amm. ruth. p. 50.
Habit of D. Ruyschiana, but differs in the leaves being divided.
Stem hairy, nearly pinnatifid. Whorls 6-10-flowered, all usu-
ally distinct. Floral leaves and bracteas hispid. Corolla showy
blue, more than Ij inch long.
Austrian Dragon's-head. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597, PI.
\\ foot.
•|- Doubtful species,
27 D. ODORATi'ssiMUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 521.) stems slender;
branches divaricate ; leaves petiolate, small, ovate-oblong, quite
entire, narrowed at the base, glabrous ; bracteas narrow-lanceo-
late, ciliated, longer than the flowers ; flowers sessile, approxi-
mating into a short imbricate spike ; calyx striated, ciliated,
with 5 very short straight teeth. 1/ . H. Native of the Crimea.
Branches reddish-grey, with pubescent angles. Leaves 4-5
lines long. Corolla white or purplish, hairy outside ; tube
slender, scarcely longer than the calyx ; throat wide.
Very sweet-scented Dragon's-head. PI. 5 to -^ foot.
28 D. Cochinchine'nse (Lour. coch. p. 371.) stem erect,
villous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, villous, few ;
bracteas roundish, acute, many-flowered ; flowers disposed in a
terminal spike. ©. ? H. Native of Cochinchina. Flowers
violaceous ; upper lip of corolla concave. Filaments pilose.
Cochinchina Dragon's-head. PI. 1 foot.
Cull. The greater part of the species of Dracocephalum,
being showy when in blossom, are favourites with all lovers of
flowers. They are all hardy, and will grow in any common
garden soil ; they are, therefore, well adapted for decorating
flower borders and rockwork. The perennial species are rea-
dily increased by divisions of the root and top in spring. The
seeds of annual kinds only require to be sown in the open
ground in spring. The two shrubby species, D . fruticulosum
and D. integrifdlium, and all the species belonging to sect. L
Keimodracon, will require protection in severe weather in
winter ; these are all readily propagated by cuttings, under a
hand-glass.
LXXL CEDRONE'LLA (probably a dim. of /ctapoc, cedros,
the cedar ; from the sweet odour of C. triphylla.) Moench,
meth. p. 411. Benth. lab. p. 501. — Dracocephalum species,
Lin. and other authors.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular or
campanulate, about 15-nerved, with an equal or oblique 5-tooth-
ed mouth. Corolla with an exserted tube, naked inside, a dilated
throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip straight, flattish, emargi-
nately bifid ; loiver lip trifid : middle lobe large. Stamens 4,
ascending, didynamous : lower ones the shortest. Anthers 2-
LABIATE. LXXI. Cedronelia. LXXII. Meuttis. LXXIII. Piiysostegia.
815
celled; cells parallel. Style about equally bifid at top; lobes
subulate, stigniatiferous at apex. Achenia dry, smooth. —
Herbs. Whorls approximate into terminal spikes or racemes.
Floral leaves bractea-formed. Bracteas small, setaceous.
1 C. corda'ta (Benth. lab. p. 502.) herbaceous, stolonifer-
ous ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated ; whorls few-flowered, se-
cund, approximating into short spikes or racemes. 1/. H.
Native of North America, at the river Ohio, below Pittsburgh,
Nuttall. Dracocephalum cordatum, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 35.
Stems creeping, and rooting at the base. Floriferous branches
erect, simple, villous. Leaves 1 to \h inch long, form of those
of Lainium, quite entire, obtuse, pubescent, or nearly glabrous.
Cymes on short peduncles, 1 -^-flowered. Corolla showy, pale
blue, 1^ inch long.
Corrfaie-leaved Cedronelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
^ foot.
2 C. Mexica'na (Benth. lab. p. 502.) tall ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, cordate at the base, toothed ; whorls many-flowered,
approximating into a terete, interrupted spike or raceme. 11.
H. Native of Mexico, among corn and in meadows, in the
woody region near Valladolid, Pazcuaro, Chaico, and Tlal-
puxahua. Dracocephalum Mexicanum, H. B, et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 2. p. 502. — Herb glabrous, or finely pubescent.
Leaves on short petioles, li to 2 inches long, acuminated, acute,
glandular beneath. Whorls loose, 20-40-flovvered. Corolla
purplish, 3 times as long as the calyx. Genitals exserted.
Mexican Cedronella. PI. 2 to 8 feet.
3 C. triphy'lla (Moench, meth. 411.) shrubby, tall; leaves
ternate : leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; whorls loose, collected
into terete oblong spikes. h . F. Native of America, and
probably of the Canary Islands. Dracocephalum Canariense,
Lin. spec. p. 829. C. Canariensis, &c., Comni. hort. amst. 2.
p. 81. t. 41. — Volk. norib. t. 145. Lateral leaflets sessile, ter-
minal one petiolate, larger, all nearly glabrous, or pubescent be-
neath. Whorls 10-12-flovvered. Corolla white or pale purple,
scarcely twice as long as the calyx. The plant was first brought
to Europe under the name of Permenta de Tana. It is now
known under the name of Balm of Gilead, which it has obtained
from its rich odour on being gently rubbed.
Three-leaved Cedronella, or Balm of Gilead. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. 1697. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dracocephalum, p.
814, for the herbaceous species, and Frostanlhera, p. 800, for
the shrubby kind.
Trihe IX,
STACHY'DEjE (this tribe contains genera agreeing with
Stachys, in the characters given below.) Benth. lab. p. 503.
Calyx irregularly veined or 5-10-nerved, equal, oblique, rarely
sub-bilabiate, 3-10-toothed. Tube of corolla inclosed or exserted,
often annulate inside ; limb bilabiate : upper lip galeate or flat,
entire or emarginate : lower lip variously trifid. Stamens 4,
ascending, didynamous, all fertile, or the anthers of the lower
ones are empty or dimidiate ; superior ones short.
LXXII. MELI'TTIS (from neXtrra, melitla, a bee ; a name
used by Pliny as synonymous with Melissa.) Lin. gen. no. 731.
Schreb. gen. 985. Juss. gen. p. 1 16. Benth. lab. p. 503.
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Gijmnospcrmia. Calyx campanulate,
membranaceous, irregularly veined, subbilabiate; upper lip broad,
roundish, obscurely 2-lobed or shortly 2-3-toothed ; lower lip
bifid, with rounded lobes. Corolla, with an ample exserted
1
tube, which is not annulate inside, and a bilabiate limb ; superior
lip orbicular, entire, rather concave, spreading : lower lip 3-
lobed, spreading. Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous, lower
ones the longest ; filaments without any appendages ; anthers
approximating by pairs, 2-celled : cells distinct, diverging.
Style shortly bifid at a])ex ; lobes ovate, stigmatiferous at apex.
Achenia dry, smooth, or finely reticulated.
1 M. melissoi'hy'llum (Lin. spec. p. 832.) i;. H. Native
of Europe, in shady places ; as of France, Germany, Portugal,
Spain, Sicily, Italy, Greece : in England ; as in Devonshire,
about Totness, Barnstable, &c. ; Hampshire, in the New Forest ;
Pembrokeshire, about Haverford West, in woods and other shady
places. Stems erect, simple, more or less hairy. Leaves on
short petioles, 1| to 2 inches long, ovate, crenated, cordate at
the base, or the upper ones are rounded, wrinkled, villous, green
on both surfaces; floral leaves narrower; all exceeding the
flowers. Whorls about 6-flowered, axillary. Corolla I5 inch
long, red, or red and white. Pedicels rather shorter than tlie
calyxes. Much honey is secreted by a gland that encircles the
base of the germ ; hence it is a favourite plant with bees.
J^ar. a, grand'iflbra ; plant pale green ; corolla cream-coloured,
with the middle of the lower lip violaceous. %.. H. M. grandi-
flora. Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 644. engl. hot. t. 636. Hook. fl.
lond. vol. 2. icone. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 41. t. 242. M.
melissophyllum. Curt. lond. no. 64. Mill. fig. t. 32 — Riv. mon.
irr. t. 21. f. 1. M. albida, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 140. M.
sylvestris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 401.
Far. ft, melissophyllum : stems purplish ; leaves deep green ;
flowers altogether purple, and sometimes white. %. H. M.
melissophyllum, Jacq. fl. austr. 1. t. 26. Smith, engl. bot. t.
577. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 41. t. 241.
i?a/m-/ea»erf Bastard Balm. Fl. May, June. England. PI.
1 to U foot.
Cult. Both varieties are very showy when in blossom, and
are, therefore, well fitted for decorating flower borders, woods,
and shrubberies. They are readily increased by dividing the
root in spring or autumn.
LXXIII. PHYSOST&GIA (from <pvaa, pkysa, a bladder ;
and areyo), stego, to cover ; in allusion to the inflated calyx.)
Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 504. Dracocephalum spe-
cies, Lin. and other authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panulate at the time efflorescence, but afterwards becoming in-
flated and campanulate, with about 10 obscure veins, almost
equally 5-toothed, or truncate and scarcely toothed at top. Corolla
vi'xih a long exserted tube, which is exannulate inside, an inflated
throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip erectish, rather concave,
entire, or emarginate ; lower lip spreading, trifid, with roundish
lobes, the middle lobe large and emarginate. Stamens 4, ascend-
ing under the upper lip, somewhat didynamous ; lower ones emi-
nent ; anthers approximate, 2-celled : cells parallel, distinct,
naked. Style about equally bifid at top ; lobes subulate, stig-
matiferous at apex. Achenia dry, smooth. Habit peculiar.
1 P. Virginia'na (Benth. lab. p. 504.) calyx acutely 5-tootli-
ed. 11 . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Texas,
in rather humid places : and on the North-west coast at the Co-
lumbia river. Dracocephalum Virginianum, Lin. spec. 828.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 467. D. lancifolium, Moench. meth. p. 410.
D. variegatum, Vent. eels. t. 44. D. denticulatum, Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 317. Curt. bot. mag. 214. D. speciosum. Sweet, fl.
gard. 1. 1. 93. D. oboVc\tum, Elliott, bot. car. 2. p. 86. D. inter-
medium, Nutt, in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p. 187. Prasium pur-
pureum, Walt. fl. car. p. 166. Prasium coccineum, Walt. fl. car.
816
LABIATjE. LXXIII. Physostegia. LXXIV. Macbridea. LXXV. Synandra. LXXVI. Lamium.
p. 116. Herb usually glabrous, rarely pubescent in the upper
part. Stems erect. Leaves sessile, usually lanceolate, sometimes
oblong-ovate or obovate, usually acute, irregularly and acutely
serrated, narrowed at base, green on both surfaces ; upper floral
leaves bractea-formed, shorter than the calyxes. Racemes ter-
minal, simple, or paniculately branched. Flowers nearly sessile,
approximate, or distant. Corolla flesh coloured or purple,
showy, 10-11 lines long, and sometimes more than an inch.
Virginian Physostegia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 ^^
to 3 feet.
2 P. imbrica'ta (Hook. hot. mag. 3386.) tall ; leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate, coarsely serrated; spikes panicled, tetragonal;
flowers erect, densely imbricate ; upper lip of corolla concave :
tube scarcely inflated. If.. H. Native of Texas. Corollas
reddish purple above, pale and almost white below.
Imbricate-Rowered Physostegia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1834.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 P. TRUNCA"TA(Benth. lab. p. 505.) calyx truncate, obscurely
3-5-lobed ; lobes very broad, denticulated, i;. H. Native of
Mexico, in the province of Texas. Stems erect, nearly sim-
ple, pubescent. Leaves and inflorescence similar to those of P.
Firginiana. Floral leaves brond-ovate at the base, equalling
the calyxes. Corollas red.
Trwnca/c-calyxed Physostegia. Fl. July, Sept. PI. H foot.
Cult. Elegant plants of easy culture, well fitted for decorat-
ing flower borders. Any common garden soil suits them, and
they are readily propagated by dividing at the root.
LXXIV. MACBRFDEA (named in memory of James Mac-
bride, M.D. of South Carolina.) Elliott, hot. car. »!. p. 86.
Benih. lab. p. 505.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx campanulate,
membranaceous, irregularly veined, 3-lobed ; superior lobe ob-
long, lower ones roundish. Corolla with a long exserted tube,
which is exannulate inside, an inflated throat, and a bilabiate
limb; u])per lip erect, entire, rather concave ; lower lip shorter
and spreading, w ith roundish lobes, middle lobe the broadest.
Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip, lower
ones the longest ; anthers approximate by pairs, 2-celled : cells
divaricate. Style shortly bifid at apex. A genus closely allied
to Physostegia.
1 M. pulche'lla (Elliott, 1. c.) i;. H. Native of Carolina,
in bogs, Elliott ; near Augusta, VVray. Thymbra Carolini^na,
Walt. fl. car. p. 162. Melitlis Caroliniana, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
700. Prasium incarnatum, Walt. fl. car. p. 165. Stems erect,
glabrous. Leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic, bluntish, obscurely
serrated or sinuated, rounded or cuneated at the base, thin, quite
glabrous, or furnished with a few scattered hairs above. Whorls
1 or 2 at the top of the stem, about C-flowered. Corolla H
inch long, glabrous, pale red. ? Filaments villous.
Neat Macbridea. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Physostegia above.
LXXV. SYNA'NDRA (from aw, syn, together; and aojp
ai'^poq, aner andros, a male ; in reference to the anthers approxi-
mating by pairs.) Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 29. Benth. lab. p. 506.
Lilmium species, Michx.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx inflately cam-
panulate, membranaceous, irregularly veined, with 4 nearly equal
teeth. Corolla with a much exserted tube, which is dilated above
as well as the throat, and exannulate inside ; limb bilabiate :
upper lip erect, rather concave, entire : lower lip spreading, 3-
lobed : lobes ovate, middle one broader and emarginate. Sta-
mens 4, ascending, didynamous : lower pair the longest ; fila-
ments exappendiculate, hairy ; anthers approximating by pairs,
glabrous, 2-celled : cells distinct, divaricate ; upper cells of the
superior anthers connate, obtuse, empty ; the rest all acute and
fertile. Upper lobe of style very short ; lower one longer, stig-
matiferous almost from the base. Achenia dry, large, somewhat
inflatedly compressed, smooth. The want of the upper lobe of
the calyx is peculiar to this genus.
1 S. GRANDiFLORA (Nutt, 1. c.) l/ . ? H. Native of North
America ; in Kentucky, Torrey ; Tenessee, in woods, Michx ; in
shady places, near Cincinnati, on the Ohio, Nutt. Habit of
Lamium. Stem nearly simple, beset with long hairs. Leaves few ;
lower ones on long petioles, broad-ovate, subacuminated, cre-
nated, cordate at the base, thin, green on both surfaces, furnished
with a few hairs ; superior leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire ;
uppermost ones hardly longer than the calyxes. Whorls few,
distant, few-flowered. Corolla showy, cream-coloured, 1^ incli
long.
Great-flowered Synandra. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Lamium, below.
LXXVI. LA'MIUM (from \aifioc, laimos, the throat; so
called from the ringent flowers.) Lin. gen. no. 716. Schreb.
gen. 971. Tourn. inst. t. 85. Juss. gen. p. 1 13. Benth. lab.
p. 507. Orvala, Lin. gen. 715. Papia, Michell, gen. p. 17.
Galeobdolon, Huds. and other authors. Pollichia, Roth, fl.
germ. Erianthfera, Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 380. but
not of Nees.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panulate, about 5-nerved, with an equal or often oblique mouth ;
teeth 5, nearly equal, or the upper ones are longer, subulate at
apex. Corolla with an inclosed or exserted tube, naked or with
a hairy ring inside ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip ovate or oblong,
somewhat arched or galeate, for the most part narrowed at the
base ; throat dilated ; lateral lobes truncate at the margins of
the throat, rarely oblong, furnished with a tooth-formed appen-
dage or mutic ; middle lobe broad, emarginate, contracted at the
base, substipitate. Stamens 4, didynamous, lower pair the long-
est ; anthers approximate by pairs, 2-celled : cells at length di-
varicate, oblong, hairy outside or naked. Style about equally
bifid at top ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at apex. Achenia
dry, triquetrous, with acute angles, truncate at apex, smooth or
wrinkled from minute tubercles. — Herbs decumbent at the base.
Lower leaves on long petioles, small ; middle cauline leaves
large, usually cordate at the base, wrinkled, for the most part
doubly or deeply toothed ; floral leaves almost similar to the
rest : upper ones smaller and more sessile ; all exceeding the ca-
lyxes. Whorls dense, axillary ; lower ones or all remote, but
the superior ones are usually approximate. Bracteas few, shorter
than the calyxes, subulate, rarely lanceolate. Corollas red, pur-
plish, white, or yellow.
Sect. I. Orva*la (Orvala is a name applied to salvia scldrea
by old botanists, which is probably derived fromOrval in France.)
Benth. lab. p. 508. Orvala, Lin. gen. no. 715. Tube of corolla
straight, transversely annulate inside ; throat very wide. Galea
ovate. Anthers glabrous.
1 L. Orva'la (Lin. spec. p. 808.) stems erect; leaves large,
broad-ovate, truncate or cordate at the base, rugose, rather vil-
lous ; tube of corolla straight, exserted, furnished with a ring of
hairs inside : throat very wide : galea ovate, entire : lateral
lobes very short, mutic. 7;. H. Native of Italy, Pannonia,
and Istria, Willd. ; Piedmont, Allioni ; France, near Nannete,
Ronamy. Curt. bot. mag. t. 172. Mill. fig. t. 158. L. Pan-
nonicum. Scop. fl. cam. t. 27. Orvala lamioides, D.C. fl. fr. 3.
LABIATE. LXXVI. Lamium.
817
p. 539. L. melissaefolium, Mill. diet. no. 0. — Mor. hist. sect.
11. t. 11. f. 7.— Till. pis. 9-2. t. 34. f. 1.— Cliis. hist. 2. p. 35. t.
30. — Park. par. p. 387. f. 7. Stem red, hispid, or nearly gla-
brous. Whorls about 10-flowered. Calyx coloured, nearly
glabrous. Corollas red or purple, nearly H inch long. Galea
downy outside, with ciliated edges.
I'ar. /), leaves deeply toothed. %.. H. Orv^la Garganica.
Lin. spec. p. 807. Papia Garganica, Micheli, gen. 20. t. 17.
Orvula, or Balm-leaved Archangel. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1596. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
Sect. II. Lamiopsis (so named by Dumort, who considers it
a distinct genus, from its resemblance to the true species of
Lamium.) Benth. lab. p. 509. Lamiopsis, Dumort, florul. belg.
p. 45. Tube of corolla straight, naked inside, or furnished with
a transverse ring of hairs ; throat very wide. Anthers hairy,
outside.
2 L. multi'fidum (Lin. spec. p. 809.) superior leaves deeply
lobed, glabrous on both surfaces ; tube of corolla straight, ex-
serted, annulate inside ? : galea oblong: throat very wide : lateral
lobes very short, niutic. 1/ . H. Native of the Levant. L.
orientale foliis eleganter laciniatis, Tourn. cor. 11. Commel. rar.
t. 26. Stems erect, pubescent. Lower leaves oval, very blimt,
quite entire at top ; middle leaves crenated, cuneated at the
base ; superior ones 1 1 inch long, obtuse, deeply and bluntly
lobed ; floral leaves more acute, narrower : all cut and rather
shorter than the flowers. Whorls many-flowered, distant. Calyxes
villous. Corolla an inch long ; galea narrowed at the base,
woolly outside. Anthers villous on the back.
MK//i/?rf-leaved Archangel. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1782. PI.
^ to 1 foot.
3 L. rhomboi'deum (Benth. lab. p. 509.) humble, simple ;
leaves rhomboid, wrinkled, clothed with velvety wool on both
surfaces, as well as the calyxes ; corolla ample, 3 times as long
as the calyx : tube straight, naked inside : throat wide : galea
broad: lateral lobes ovate, entire. If..? H. Native of the
East Indies, in the province of Kamaon, Royle. Erianthera
rhomboidea, Benth. in Hook. hot. misc. 3. p. 880. Plant to-
mentosely villous. Leaves small ; lower floral ones nearly en-
tire ; upper ones deeplj' crenated ; all obtuse. Whorls about
2-flowered. Corollas nearly Ig inch long, downy cutside. Very
nearly allied to L. Gargdnicum.
Jihomb(iid-]ea.\ed Archangel. PI. J foot.
4 L. Garga'nicum (Lin. spec. p. 808.) leaves cordate, wrin-
kled, clothed with soft villi on both surfaces ; calyx villous ; co-
rolla 4 times as long as the calyx, with an erect tube, which is
naked inside, a wide throat, a broad helmet, and the lateral lobes
angular or furnished with a very short tooth. If.. H. Native
of Piedmont, on Mount Gargano ; Greece, on Mount Hametto ;
Mountains of Laconia and Candia. Smith, exot. hot. 1. t. 48. L.
Michelianum, Tausch, in bot. zeit. 1831. 1. p. 215. — Till. pis.
93. t. 34. f. 2. act. par. 1717. p. 272. t. 9. Plant canescent or
hoary. Leaves form of those of L. vulgnlum. Floral leaves for
the most part shorter than the flowers. Whorls 10-20-flowered.
Corolla 15 lines long, villous outside, red.
Garg-ano Archangel. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1729. PI. ascend-
ing, 1 foot.
5 L. lONGiFLORUM (Tenorc, fl. nap. prod. p. 34. syll. 285.)
stems nearly glabrous ; leaves cordate, wrinkled a little, glabrous,
or somewhat villous ; whorls many-flowered ; calyxes glabrous ;
corolla about 4 times longer than the calyx : tube straight,
naked inside : throat very wide : galea broad : lateral lobes
angular, or furnished with a short tooth. '2^. H, Native of
VOL. IV.
the South of Europe, on the mountains ; as of the Pyrenees,
Provence on Mount Ventoso, Piedmont, Apennines, Naples,
Sicily, Greece. L. Isevigatum, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 541. and
many other authors, but not of Lin. L. Pedemonianum, Kchb.
fl. germ. exc. p. 322. ? Hardly to be distinguished from L.
Gargdnicum, unless in being glabrous, or nearly so.
Long-Jlowered Archangel. PI. ascending.
G L. gleciiomoi'des (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 20. Benth.
lab. p. 738.) plant nearly glabrous; leaves small, on long peti-
oles, cordate, crenated, or the superior ones are a little cut ;
whorls C-10-flowered ; calyx nearly glabrous, with short acute
teeth ; corolla about 4 times longer than the calyx : tube
straight, naked inside : throat very wide : galea oblong : lateral
lobes angular, appendiculate by a short tooth. 1/.? H. Na-
tive of the Levant, Tournefort. This diflfers from L. longi-
fiorum, in the small leaves and short calycine teeth, which are
broad, not elongated and subulate.
Ground-Iiy-like. PI. ascending.
7 L. veronicjEfolium (Benth. lab. p. 510.) glabrous; leaves
small, on long petioles, reniform, deeply crenated, broadly sub-
cordate at the base ; upper leaves approximate, exceeding the
flowers, or hardly shorter ; corolla 3 times as long as the calyx,
which is glabrous : tube straight, slender : throat ddated : galea
very long, bifid at apex : lateral lobes angular, furnished with a
short obtuse tooth. %. H. Native of Greece.- — A very dis-
tinct species, having the lower leaves like those of L. amplexi-
cai'de, and the corolla like that of Z. longiflorum. Leaves almost
like those of f'eronica hederdcea. Corolla | an inch long, red
or purple. ?
Speedwell-like Archangel. PI. ascending.
8 L. stria'tuji (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsRC. 6. p. 46. t. 557.)
leaves ovate, deeply crenated, broadly subcordate at the base :
upper ones approximate, exceeding the flowers, or scarcely
shorter ; corolla 3 times as long as the calyx, which is glabrous :
tube straight, slender : throat dilated : galea very long, bifid at
apex : lateral lobes angular, appendiculate, by a short blunt
tooth. 1/. H. Native of Greece, in waste places plentiful.
Habit of i. lutgdtum; but the leaves are thinner, smaller, and
less cordate at the base ; petioles of the floral leaves shorter
than the calyxes. Corollas 1 5 inch long.
Striated Archangel. PI. ascending.
9 L. bi'fidum (Cyr. pi. rar. fasc. 1. p. 22. t. 7.) leaves ovate:
superior ones acuminated, all deeply lobed, crenately toothed :
upper ones approximate, exceeding the flowers, or hardly shorter;
tube of corolla straight, naked inside : throat dilated : galea
elongated, and divaricately bifid at apex : lateral lobes appendi-
culate by a short linear tooth. ©.? H. Native of the re-
gion of the Mediterranean ; as in Corsica, Sicily, Naples. Te-
nore, fl. nap. t. 153. f. 2. Habit of L. purpureum. Leaves
green on both surfaces, or more or less lined with white, and
more or less villous. Upper whorls subcapitate : lower ones
remote. Corolla white, a little longer than those of L. pur-
pureum.
far. fl, clandestinum (Benth. lab. p. 511.) corollas minute
from abortion. ©. H. L. cryptanthum, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2.
p. 97. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 3. t. 707.
Bifid-helmelcA Archangel. Fl. June, July. Clt.? PI. |
foot.
10 L. amplexicau'le (Lin. spec. 809.) leaves orbicular: cau-
line ones petiolate ; floral leaves stem-clasping, all deeply cre-
nated ; tube of corolla straight, slender, naked inside : throat
dilated: galea oblong, entire: lateral lobes mutic. ©• ".
Native of Europe, North of Africa, and Middle Asia, in cidti-
vated fields and waste grounds ; plentiful in Britain. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 770. Hook. fl. lond. vol. 2. icone. Rchb. icon.
5 M
818
LABIAT^E. LXXVI. Lamium.
bot. eur. 3. p. 22. t. 224. f. 373. Curt. lond. 2. t. 109. Fl.
dan. 752. L. palmatum, Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 20. Galeob-
dolon amplexicaule, Moencli, meth. p. 393. Pollicliia amplexi-
caulis, Willd. fl. berol. 198. Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 254.—
Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 11. f. 12.— Petiv. brit. t. 33. f. 4.
— Rivin. mon. t. 63. Herb decumbent, branched at the base.
Leaves glabrous, or rather hispid. Whorls densely many-flow-
ered. Corolla purple or red, pubescent.
Var. /3, eland estlnum (Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 3. t. 708.)
corollas minute by abortion. ©. H.
<S'/(;?H-c/«.'i^(??g-leaved Archangel, or Great Henbit. Fl.
March, July. Britain. PI. | to 1 foot.
11 L. interme'dil'm (Fries, nov. fl. suec. ed. 1st. p. 105. and
2d. p. 192.) leaves orbicular; cauline leaves petiolate : floral
ones stem-clasping, all deeply crenated ; calycine teeth subu-
late, longer than the tube ; tube of corolla straight, slender,
naked inside : throat dilated : galea oblong, entire : lateral
lobes appendiculate by a short tooth. ©. H. Native of
Sweden, North of Germany, and North of Scotland. Rchb.
icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 22. t. 224. f. 372. and 8, 9. t. 721. L.
molucellffifolium. Fries, nov. fl. suec. 72. ex Rchb. 1. c. Habit
and leaves like L. amplexicaule ; and scarcely differs from it,
unless in the elongated calycine teeth, and lateral lobes of
corolla.
Intermediate Archangel. Fl. March, July. Scotland. PI. 5
to 1 foot.
12 L. purpu'reum (Lin. spec. p. 809.) lower leaves orbicu-
lar ; floral leaves ovate, all crenated : uppermost ones approxi-
mate, exceeding the flowers; tube of corolla straight, slender,
furnished with a pilose ring inside at the base : throat dilated :
galea oblong, entire : lateral lobes appendiculate by a short
linear tooth. ©. H. Native throughout Europe and Asia, in
waste and uncultivated grounds, in a light soil ; plentiful in Bri-
tain. Hook. fl. lond. 2. icone. Smith, engl. bot. t. 7C9. Curt,
lond. 1. t. 42. Fl. dan. t. 523. Martyn, fl. rust. t. 25. L.
ocymifolium. Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 20. I/, niiduin, Moench,
meth. p. 393. Crantz, stirp. austr. p. 259. — Riv. mon. t. C2.
f. 2. Herb decumbent at the base. Leaves on long petioles,
villous on both surfaces. Whorls densely many-flowered :
upper ones approximate. Corolla \ an incli long, red. The
floral leaves are usually coloured. According to Linnaeus, it is
boiled in Upland, a province of Sweden, as a pot-herb. The
plant was formerly used medicinally, but is now disregarded.
I'ar. /3, molle (Benth. lab. p. 512.) leaves less wrinkled,
blunter, and with fewer crenatures. O. ? H. Native of Eng-
land, in fields ; as on road sides about Croydon. Flowers white.
Purple Archangel. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. 5 to 1
foot.
13 L. iNci'suM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 89.) lower leaves orbicu-
lar ; floral leaves broad-ovate, all deeply toothed, or lobed ; the
uppermost leaves approximate, exceeding the flowers ; tube of
corolla straight, furnished with a ring of hairs inside at the
base : throat dilated : galea oblong, entire : lateral lobes appen-
diculate by a short linear tooth. ©. H. Native of Europe,
especially of the North, in corn-fields ; France, Germany, Swe-
den ; Britain, in many places. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1933. Rchb.
icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 21. t. 223. L. hybridum, Vill. fl. dauph. 1.
p. 251. L. dissectum. With. brit. pi. p. 527. L. urticaefolium,
Weihe, ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 321. L. Westphalianum,
Wcihe, ex Rchb. 1. c. L. Coesfeldiae, Weihe, ex Rchb. 1. c.
L. purpureum, ji, Huds. angl. p. 255. — Pet. brit. t. 33. f. 3.
Leaves cut, as in L. blfidum. Flowers similar to those of L.
purpureum. Whorls sometimes all approximate, and sometimes
the lower ones are remote.
Cwt-leaved Archangel. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. 4tolfoot.
Sect. III. Lamioty'pus (so named because the species con-
tained in this section are the type of the genus.) Benth. lab. p.
513. Lamiotypus, Dumort, florul. belg. p. 45. Tube of corolla
transversely annulate inside, contracted under the ring, and
dilated above it, rather ventricose, and somewhat recurvedly
drawn out ; throat a little dilated. Anthers hairy outside.
14 L. mosciia'tum (Mill. diet. no. 4.) leaves ovate, cordate,
nearly glabrous ; calycine teeth long, lanceolate-subulate ; tube
of corolla ample, short, furnished with a pilose ring inside :
throat very wide : galea longer than the tube : lateral lobes
bluntly acuminated, scarcely appendiculate. ©. H. Native of
the Levant. Leaves blotched with white, and in dry weather
have a musky scent, but in wet weather are fetid. Corollas
white ; galea villous.
yi/M%-scented Archangel. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1739. PI.
I foot.
15 L. calyci'num (D'Urv. pi. arch, in mem. soc. Lin. par.
p 323.) stem erectish, branched, quite glabrous, fistular ; leaves
cordate, wrinkled, woolly, pubescent : the upper ones also sub-
petiolate ; calyxes smooth, reticulated, about equal in height to
the corollas ; calycine teeth very long, arched, subulate, scarcely
ciliated ; flowers crowded, sessile ; whorls numerous : lower
ones remote. ©. H. Native of the Grecian Islands. Corolla
villous outside, white.
Large-ciilyxed Archangel. PI. i to 1 foot.
16 L. petiola'tum (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3.
p. 381. lab. p. 513.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
scarcely cordate at the base ; calycine teeth long-subulate ; tube
of corolla ample, furnished with a pilose ring inside : throat
scarcely dilated ; galea elongated : lateral lobes mutic, or with a
short setaceous appendage: lip very short. 1^.? H. Native
of the Himalaya, plentiful, Royle ; Kamaon, Wall. Allied to
L. vulgatum, but the leaves and corollas are different. Hairs of
stetn reflexed. Lower leaves petiolate : floral ones sessile,
coarsely and somewhat doubly serrated, green and hispid on
both surfaces. Whorls usually many-flowered. Corolla white ;
galea villous outside.
Pe/(oZa<e-leaved Archangel. PI. ascending.
17 L. vulga'tum (Benth. lab. p. 514.) leaves ovate,- cordate,
or truncate at the base, wrinkled, usually villous ; calycine teeth
long-subulate, glabrous or villous ; tube of corolla ample, fur-
nished with a ring of hairs inside : throat dilated a little : galea
oblong : lateral lobes appendiculate by a long subulate tooth.
1;. H. Native of Europe, North of Africa, and Middle Asia,
in shady mountain places, Src. ; in some parts of Scotland. This
is a very variable plant, but is readily distinguished from others
by the form of the corolla. Leaves petiolate, crenated, doubly
toothed, or a little cut, usually green, but often lined and blotch-
ed with white, more or less wrinkled, and villous. Whorls 10-
20-flowered.
Var. a, ruhrum (Benth. lab. p. 514.) corollas purple or red;
leaves green or blotched with white. If. . H. This is more
common in the southern regions of Europe than in the northern.
L. maculatum, Lin. spec. p. 809. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p.
12. t. 215. Srbth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 46. t. 556. with
spotted leaves. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2550. with spotless leaves.
L. rugosum, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 296. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3.
p. 14. t. 217. but not of Sibth. et Smith, nor Guss. nor. Tenore.
L. rubrum, Blackw. t. 183. Wallr. sched. crit. p. 300. L.
mutabile, Dumort, florul. belg. p. 45.? L. hirsutum. Lam.
diet. 3. p. 410. with spotless leaves. L. stoloniferum, Lap. abr.
pyr. p. 333. with spotless leaves, and many large flowers. L.
grandiflorum, Pourr. act. acad. tolos. 3. p. 322. L. lasvigatum,
Lin. spec. p. 808. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 14. t. 216. but
not of all authors — (this is a more glabrous variety.) L. melis-
LABIATE. LXXVI. Lamium. LXXVII. Lagochilus.
819
saefolium, Mill. diet. no. 5. >. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 34. — Bocc.
muss. t. 23. — Colum. ccphr. 1. p. 190. t. 192.
far. iX album (Benth. lab. p. 5 II.) flowers white; leaves
spotless, villous. %. H. More common in tlie northern re-
gions of Europe than the soutlicrn. L. album, Lin. spec. p.
809. Hook. fl. lond. 2. icone. Smith, engl. bot. t. 7C8. Curt,
lond. 2. p. 45. t. 115. Fl. dan. 59 L Mart. fl. rust. t. 25.—
Riv. men. t. 62. f. 1. L. niveum, Hort. L. capitjitum. Smith,
in Rees' cycl. vol. 20. L. foliosum, Crantz, stirp. austr. p. 258,
This is certainly a distinct species from L. maculalum ; the
roots of this creep like couch under ground, while the root of
L. maculalum is composed of fibres. Linnaeus says that the
leaves are eaten as a pot-herb in spring. The plant was for-
merly considered medicinal.
Common Archangel, or Dead-Nettie. Fl. April, Sept. Bri-
tain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
IS L. MOLLE (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 297.) lower leaves
ovate : superior ones ovate-lanceolate, acute, truncate at the
haso, very rarely cordate ; calycine teeth long-subulate ; tube of
corolla ample, furnished with a hairy ring inside, subrecurved :
throat a little dilated : galea oblong : lateral lobes appendicu-
late by a subulate tooth ; anthers hairy. 1/. H. Native coun-
try unknown, but common in gardens. L. parietariaefolium,
Benth. lab. p. 739. L. parietariaefolio, Mor, kloes. 278.
Very nearly allied to L. viilgalum ; but the lower leaves are
rarely cordate : the upper ones much narrower, and often quite
entire ; and the corollas are smaller, and white.
Soft Archangel. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1683. PI. | to 1
foot.
19 L. TOMENTosuM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 90.) leaves ovate, cor-
date, wrinkled, very villous ; calycine teeth subulate, plumosely
ciliated ; tube of corolla ample, furnished with a ring of hairs
inside : throat dilated a little : galea oblong : lateral lobes ap-
pendiculate by a long subulate tooth. 2/. ? H. Native of the
South-east of Europe, and Middle Asia ; as of the South of
Italy, Armenia, Caucasus. L. ColiimnEe, Tenore, ind. sem.
hort. nap. 1827. syll. fl. nap. p. 2SG. Hardly differing from
L. vulgalum ; except in the smaller, more villous leaves, and in
the very villous calycine teeth. Flowers white.
Tomentose Archangel. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? PI. ^ to 1
foot.
Sect. IV. Galeobdolox (from ynKr), gale, a weasel ; and
jicuXog, bdolos, fetid smell; in allusion to the fetid smell of L.
Galeobdolon.) Benth. lab. p. 515. Tube of corolla obliquely
annulate inside, contracted under the ring, but dilated and rather
ventricose above the ring, somewhat recurvedly stretched out :
throat a little dilated ; galea oblong, narrowed a long way at the
base. Anthers glabrous.
20 L. pube'scens (Sibth. in herb. Banks, ex Benth. lab. p.
515.) leaves ovate, truncate or subcordate at the base : superior
leaves acuminated, all wrinkled and villous ; corolla reddish
purple : galea elongated, entire : lateral lobes angular, having the
angle mutic, or with a setaceous appendage. %. H. Native
of Sicily and Naples. L. rugosum, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grasc. 6.
p. 45. t. 555. Guss. fl. sic. prod. 2. p. 94. Tenore, fl. nap. 2.
p. 19.? but not of Ait. This species differs from L.y/ex!(oium,
in the corollas being one half larger, more villous, and purplish
red ; and in the leaves being more villous ; and the bracteas are
usually broader.
Pubescent Dead-Nettie. PI. ascending.
21 L. flexuosum (Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p. 19. t. 52. syll. p.
287.) leaves ovate, acuminated, truncate, or subcordate at the
base, nearly glabrous, or scarcely villous ; corolla white : galea
elongated, entire : lateral lobes angular, having the angle mutic.
or furnished with a setaceous point. 5/.H. Native of the re-
gion of the Mediterranean ; as of France, Sicily, Naples, and
Barbary. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 3. t. 706. L. Petitinum,
Gay, ined. Stems procumbent, often rooting at the base ;
branches ascending. Leaves coarsely and doubly toothed, green,
or marked by a white line. Whorls 6-20-flowered.
Flexuous Dead-Nettie. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
ascending.
22 L. Galeobdolon (Crantz, austr. p. 262. Benth. lab. p.
516.) leaves ovate, acuminated, truncate or subcordate at the
base, nearly glabrous, or pilose ; corolla yellow : galea elon-
gated, entire : lateral lobes oblong, mutic, or with a very short
appendage, hardly shorter than the lip. "H. H. Native of the
North of Europe, in shady places, woods, and under hedges ;
plentiful in some parts of Britain. Galeopsis Galeobdolon, Lin.
spec. 810. Polllchia Galeobdolon, Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 254.
Leonurus Galeobdolon, Scop. earn. no. 705. Galeobdolon lii-
teum, Huds. angl. p. 258. Hook. fl. lond. 2. icone. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 787. Galeobdolon Galeopsis, Relh. cat. p. 436.
Curt. fl. lond. 4. t. 40. Cardiaca sylvatica. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p.
384. Pollichia vulgaris et montana, Pers. ann. bot. 14. p. 39.
Galeobdolon vulgare, Pers. ench. 2. p. 122. — Riv. nion. irr. t.
20. f. 2.— Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 11. f. 5, 6. Herb nearly gla-
brous, but sometimes, especially on the lower leaves and stems,
beset with long hairs. Whorls numerous, 6-15-flowered. Leaves
deeply toothed. Corolla yellow : middle segment of the lower
lip tawny, marked with 3 lines, the whole lower lip beautifully
spotted with tawny or deep orange dots.
Galeobdolon, or Yellow-flowered Dead-Nettie. Fl. May,
July, Britain. PI. 1 to U foot.
Doubtful species.
23 L. hi'rtum (Poir. suppl. p. 296.) leaves ovate-cordate,
pubescently hairy, rather hoary ; stem and calyxes very hairy ;
corolla small, nearly glabrous. 'H..1 W. Native country un-
known, but cultivated in Parisian gardens. Flowers of L, album,
but much smaller. Stems hairy. Leaves soft, with nearly re-
gular, obtuse crenatures, canescent : lower ones on long peti-
oles. Whorls few-flowered. Calycine teeth 5, very short.
Corolla white.
Hairy Archangel. PI. ascending.
24 L. micra'nthum (Weinm. in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 1. p. 68.)
lower leaves petiolate : upper ones sessile, cordate-ovate, obtuse,
serrated ; whorls 6-flowered. ©. H. Native of Brazil. Leaves
beset in all parts with reflexed or spreading hairs. Calycine
teeth equal, ciliated, terminated by a bristle. Corolla small,
pale red, about equal in length to the calycine teeth ; galea
entire. Perhaps L. jiurpitreum or Stiichys arvensis.
Small-flowered Archangel. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. None of the species are worth cultivating for orna-
ment, except L. Orvala and L. vulgatum, var. maculatum.
They are of the most easy culture, and will grow in any soil or
situation, even under the drip of trees. The herbaceous peren-
nial kinds are increased by division. The seeds of annual kinds
only require to be sown in the open ground in spring.
LXXVII. LAGOCHPLUS (from \ayof, lagos, a hare ; and
XfiXoc, cheilos, a lip ; in reference to the bifid lower lip, like
that of a hare's.) Bunge, mon, gen. molucc. ined. Benth. lab,
p. 640.
Lin. syst, Didynamia, Gymnospirmia. Calyx tubularly
campanulate, somewhat 5-nerved, with an equal or oblique
5 M 2
820
LABIATiE. LXXVII. Lagochilus. LXXVIIT. Leonurus.
mouth : teeth 5, nearly equal, or the superior ones are the
longest, rather spinose ai top. Corolla having the tube a little
exserted, annulate inside, and the limb bilabiate ; upper lip ob-
long, bifid at apex ; lower lip erectish, with short, erect, acute,
lateral lobes, and a spreading, broadly bifid middle lobe. Sta-
mens 4, ascending : lower ones the longest. Filaments naked
at the base ; anthers approximate by pairs, 2-celled : cells pa-
rallel or diverging, and with the margins of the valvules ciliated.
Style about equally bifid at apex : lobes subulate, stigmatife-
rous at apex. Achenia dry, triquetrous, with acute angles,
and a truncate apex.^ — Herbs ? quite glabrous, stiff. Leaves
deeply lobed : lobes somewhat spinescent. Whorls axillary, few-
flowered. Biacteas subulate, rather spinose.
1 L. DiACANTHOPiiYLLus (Benth. lab. p. 641.) leaves tripar-
tite, cut ; calyxes erectish, with oblong, mucronulate teeth, which
are longer than the tube, i; . F. Native of the desert of
Bucharia, Pallas. Molucella diacanthophylla, Pall. nov. act.
petrop. 10. p. 380. t. 1 1. Molucella grandiflora, Steph. in Willd.
spec. 3. p. 131. Stems numerous, erect, rising from a perennial
base. Lobes of lower leaves broad, short, obtuse, mutic, those
of the superior ones narrow, ending each in a spiny mucrone ;
middle lobe of floral leaves sometimes tridentate. Whorls 2-
flowered. ? Corolla villous, pale red.
Two-spined-leaved Logochilus. PI. I foot.
2 L. Bu'ngei (Benth. lab. p. 641.) leaves petiolate, 3-5-
parted, cut ; calyx elongated, incurved, with lanceolate, spinose
teeth, which are one half shorter than the tube. 1/ . F. Native
of Siberia, among rocks in Soongaria, at the Irtish, Bunge. L.
diacanthophylla, Bunge, mon. molucc. ined. exclusive of the syn.
of Pallas. Stems woody at the base, ascending. Leaves an
inch long, cuneated at the base, with spiny or mutic lobes.
Corolla pale red, almost 1| inch long. Whorls remote.
Bunge's Lagochilus. PI. 1 foot.
3 L. iLiciFOLius (Bunge, mon. molucc. ined. ex Benth. lab.
p. 641.) leaves sessile, cuneiform, deeply 3-5-toothed at apex;
calyxes short, erectish, with oblong, very shortly mucronulate
teeth. 11 . F. Native of Mongholia, in stony saltish places,
Bunge. — A dwarf, stiff herb, or under-shrub. Stem rather vil-
lous under the axils, the rest glabrous. Whorls few-flowered.
Corolla 7-8 lines long, pilose outside.
Holly-leaved Lagochilus. Shrub ;\ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Lamium, p. 819.
LXXVIIL LEONU'RUS (from Xiwv, leon, a lion ; and ovpa,
oura, a tail ; lion's tail.) Lin. gen. no. 722. Schreb. gen. no.
977. Juss. gen. p. 114. Benth. lab. p. 517. — Cardiaca,
Tourn. inst. t. 87. — Cardiaca, Chaiturus, et Panzeria, Moench.
meth.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx 5-nerved,
turbinate, nearly equal, with a truncate mouth, and 5 teeth,
which are subulate, and rather spiny at apex, and at length
spreading. Corolla with an inclosed, rarely exserted tube,
which is naked, or obliquely annulate inside, and a bilabiate
limb : superior lip oblong, quite entire, sometimes flattish, with
a narrowed base, and sometimes arched : lower lip spreading,
trifid, the lateral lobes oblong, and the middle lobe obcordate.
Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous : lower 2 the longest ; an-
thers approximate by pairs, 2-celled : cells parallel, transverse,
rarely diverging, with naked valvules. Style about equally
bifid at top ; lobes subulate, rarely short, and obtuse, stigniati-
ferous at top. Achenia dry, smooth, triquetrous, truncate at
apex, with acute angles. — Erect herbs. Leaves generally deeply
lobed : lower ones roundish : floral ones narrower, all exceeding
the flowers much. Whorls dense, axillary, distinct. Bracteas
subulate. The section Cardiaca comes very near to the section
Galcobdolon of Lamhim, and the section Ckaltiirus to the genus
Marrubium, ex Benth.
Sect. L CardiVca (the Latin name of motherwort, from
cardia, the heart ; in allusion to its supposed efficacy in the cure
of cardialgia.) Benth. lab. p. 518. Cardiaca, Moench, meth. p.
401. Tube of corolla obliquely annulate inside, rather ventri-
cose above the ring ; upper lip flattish, narrowed at the base :
lower lip spreading, with the middle lobe entire.
1 L. pube'scens (Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 63. lab.
p. 518.) finely pubescent; leaves all ovate, acuminated, rather
deeply toothed ; corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx. '2^.
or ^ . H. Native of the mountains of Kamaon, Wall. ; Choor
and Kanaour, Royle. Leaves more toothed than lobed. Whorls
20-30-flowered, remote. Corollas larger than those of Z. Car-
diaca.
Pubescent Motherwort. PI. ?
2 L. RoYLEA'Nns (Benth. I. c.) stem erect, finely tomentose ;
leaves ovate, acuminated, deeply serrated, or 3-5-lobed, villous
above, and clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, as well as the
calyxes. Tf.. or ^ . H. Native of Mount Choor, Royle.
Stem branched, with pilose axils. Whorls many-flowered :
lower ones remote : upper ones spicate.
Royle's Motherwort. PI. ?
3 L. Cardi'aca (Lin. spec. p. 817.) pubescent ; lower cauline
leaves palmatifid : superior leaves ovate, lobate : floral leaves
oblong, subtrifid, narrowed a long way at the base : lobes all
ovate or lanceolate ; calyxes glabrous or villous. 2/ . or $ .
H, Native throughout Europe and Middle Asia, on banks or
under hedges, in a gravelly or calcareous soil. In several places
both in Scotland and England, in like situations. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 286. Fl. dan. t. 727. L. campestris, Andrz. ex Besser,
pi. exs. with the segments of the leaves a little narrower. L.
Illyricus, Hort. Cardiaca vidgaris, Moench, meth. p. 401.
Cardiaca trilobata. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 383.— Blackw. t. 171.—
Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 9. f. 18. Stems branched at the base.
Whorls 6-15-flowered, distant. Corolla villous outside, pale
red or white, and striped with purple veins. The herb is bitter
and tonic, with no very pleasant, but pungent smell. It was
formerly used in Cardialgia, whence its old name ; but it has
now become wholly obsolete, except, perhaps, among cow-
leeches and farriers. Bees are fond of the flowers. In Ger-
man, Motherwort is called Herzgeshaun or Herzkraut. In
Swedish, Bonassla, In French, Agr'qmine, Cardiaque, La Cor-
d'mle. In Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, Agripalma, Car-
diaca, &c.
Var. ft, villosus (Benth. lab. p. .518.) leaves more wrinkled,
and are, as well as the stems, villous ; calyxes rather villous,
■y . or $. L. villosus, Desf cat. hort. par. p. 73. D'Urv.
enum. pi. arch, in mem. soc. Lin. par. p. 325. L. condensk-
tus, Horn. hort. hafn. L. lacerus, Lindl. hort. trans. 6. p. 296.
L. canescens, Duinort, florul. belg. p. 46. L. neglectus,
Schranck, in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. 2. p. 61. Corollas red or
purple.
Far. y, crispus (Benth. lab. p. 519.) margins of leaves undu-
lately curled, and lacerately toothed. ,J . H. L. crispus,
Murr. comm. goett. 8. t. 4. Cardiaca crispa, Moench, meth. p.
401.— Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 43. Mill. diet. ed. 7th. Corollas
pale red or white.
Cardiac or Common Motherwort. Fl. July, Aug. Britain.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
4 L. GLAucESCENS (Buugc, in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 409.) canes-
cent from glaucescent pubescence above ; cauline leaves pal-
mately parted, cut, with oblong-lanceolate lobes ; floral leaves
subtrifid, the segments and upper leaves lanceolate-linear, almost
quite entire ; calyxes clothed with hoary pubescence. $. H.
LABIATjE. LXXVIII. Leonurus. LXXIX. Anisomeles.
821
Native of the Altaia, plentiful. Ledeb. fl. ross. all. ill. t. 179.
Habit of Z. Sibbicus, witli tlic flowers of L. Cardlaca. Leaves
ample, deeply toothed ; floral leaves much narrower, and more
deeply cut than in L. Cardlaca.
Glaucescenl Motherwort. PI.
5 L. Tata'ricus (Lin. spec. p. 818.) glabrous or pubescent
at top ; cauline leaves palmately parted, cut ; floral leaves sub-
trifid : lobes of all, as well as the upper leaves, lanceolate-linear
or linear ; calyxes glabrous or villous. $ .Yi. Native of Tar-
tary, Lin. ; Siberia, about the Kolyvan, Patrin ; Altaia, fre-
quent, Ledeb. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 4. p. 31. t. 338. L.
Altiiicus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 738. L. multifidus, Desf. hort.
par. — Mill. fig. 5S. t. 80. Nearly allied to L. glaucescens, but
more slender, more humble, and the leaves more finely cut, and
the flowers smaller.
Tartarian Motherwort. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1756. PL 2
to 3 feet.
Sect. II. Chaitu'rus (from x""'''' cf'ike, a head of hair,
and ovpa, oura, a tail ; in reference to the close whorls of flowers.)
Benth. lab. p. 520. Cliaiturus, Mcench. meth. p. 401. Tube
of corolla straight, naked inside : upper lip a little arched : lower
lip ereclish, with nearly equal lobes, the middle lobe almost en-
tire. Stamens scarcely longer than the tube ; cells of anthers
diverging. Flowers minute.
6 L. marrubia'strum (Lin. spec. 817.) branches elongated,
pubescent ; leaves oblong-ovate, somewhat deeply toothed, nar-
rowed at both ends ; calyxes nearly glabrous ; corollas shorter
than the calycine teeth. ©. H. Native of Europe, especially
in the East, and Asiatic Russia, among bushes, and in waste
places ; as of France, Germany, Piedmont, Hungary, Caucasus,
Siberia. Jacq. fl. austr. 5. p. 3. t. 405. Chaiturus leonuroides,
Willd. fl. berol. p. 201. Chaitiirus marrubiastrum, Ehrh. Car-
dlaca marrubiastrum, Schreb. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 98. Leaves pe-
tiolate, 1 to 1^ inch long, glabrous and green above, pale and ca-
nescent beneath, and tomentosely pubescent. Whorls dense, many-
flowered, numerous, distant. Calycine teeth subulate, spiny,
diverging. Corollas small, white, or pale red, smoothish.
Hore/iound-Uke Motherwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI.
1 to 3 feet.
Sect. III. Panze'ria (named after G. Wolf. Fr. Panzer, of
Nuremberg, author of several botanical works.) Benth. lab. p.
520. Panzeria, Mcench. meth. p. 402. Tube of corolla straight,
naked inside. Upper lip arched ; lower lip straightish, or with
the middle lobe spreading a little, obcordate or bifid. Stamens
exserted from the tube.
7 L. Sibi'ricus (Lin. spec. p. 818.) erect, tall, glabrous or
finely pubescent ; leaves pinnately or palmately parted, a little
cut : upper floral leaves almost quite entire ; calyxes glabrous or
clothed with fine tomentum. $ . H. Native of Asia, Africa,
and America, as of India, China, and Japan, Timor, Scnegambia,
Cuba, Demerara, St. Thomas, Trinidad, Brazil, &c. Rchb. icon,
bot. eur. 4. p. 30. t. 337. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. G7. t. 94.
Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 204. L. Tataricus, Burm. fl. ind. 127. but
not of Lin. L. occidentalis, Hortul. L. heterophy'Uus, Sweet,
brit. fl. gard. 2. t. 197. L. occidentalis, Colla, in mem. acad.
taur. vol. 33. p. 154. L. altissimus, Bunge, nov. gen. et spec,
chin. bot. ined. L. multifidus, Desf. Panzeria inultifida, Mcench.
meth. suppl. p. 137. Panzeria tripartita, Mcench. meth. p. 402. ?
Stachys Artemisiae, Lour, cocli. p. 3G3. — Amni. ruth, no CO. t.
8. ? Branches usually canescent, at length glabrous and green.
Leaves cut to the middle of the limb ; cauline leaves usually
tripartite; all green and glabrous above, but pale beneath, and
pubescent while young. Lower whoils remote ; upper ones ap-
proximate. Corollas red.
Siberian Motherwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to
6 feet.
8 L. lana'tus (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 738.) plant humble, clothed
with white wool or villi ; leaves all palmate-parted or palmati-
fid ; corolla elongated. 1/ . or ^ . H. Native of Siberia, in
dry, sterile places, between the river Kan and Jebegan ; and at
the rivers Katunga and Tschuja, and near Slimon, Ledeb. ; Dahu-
ria, Patrin. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 15. t. 736. Uallota
lan^ta, Lin. spec. 81C. Panzeria lanata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 126.
Panzeria tomentosa, Moonch. meth. 402. — Gmel. sili. 3. t. 54.
Stems rising from a thick rather woody base. Whorls dense,
many-flowered, approximate. Corolla more than an inch long,
yellowish.
IFool/ij Motherwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
9 L. Java'nicus (Blum, bijdr. p. 828.) leaves ovate-oblong,
unequally toothed ; calyxes strigosely pubescent ; calycine teeth
acuminated, spreading ; upper lip of corolla concave, emargi-
nate : middle segment of the lower lip roundish, crenulated :
lateral ones acutish. $ . H. Native of the west of Java, in
shady mountain places.
Java Motherwort. PI. ?
10 L. OBLONGiroLius (Blum. bijdr. p. 828.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, unequally denticulated ; calyxes very pilose ; caly-
cine teeth subulate ; middle segment of the lower lip of the co-
rolla roundish, crenulated : lateral ones acute. I^ . ? H. Native
of Java, on the Salak mountains, on the banks of the river
Tjapus.
Oblong-leaved Motherwort. PI. ?
Cult. None of the species are very ornamental ; and being
generally biennial plants, the seeds of them only require to be
sown in the open ground. L. lanata should be grown in a dry
sandy soil, or on rockwork.
LXXIX. ANISO'MELES (from aiaanQ, anisos, unequal,
and fj.e\uc, mclos, a member ; in reference to the anthers of the
longer stamens being dimidiate or halved.) R. Br. prod. p. 503.
Benth. lab. p. 701. Ajuga species, Roxb. Nepeta and Ballota
species, Lin.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, tubu-
lar, erectish, 5-toothed. Corolla having the tube equalling the
calyx, and furnished with a pilose ring inside, and a bilabiate
limb ; upper lip erect, oblong, entire ; lower lip lari;er, spread-
ing : lateral lobes ovate, obtuse, the middle lobe cmarginately
sub-bifid. Stamens 4, ascending, exserted, the lower 2 the long-
est ; anthers approximating by pairs, those of the longer stamens
dimidiate, and those of the shorter ones 2-celled : the cells paral-
lel and transverse. Style almost equally bifid at top. Achenia
dry, smooth. — Herbs and sub-shrubs, with the habit of Slacliys,
sect. Eriostachys. Whorls sometimes densely many-flowered,
racemose ; sometimes very loose ; constantly composed of
cymes on long peduncles ; sometimes axillary and few-flowered.
Flowers purplish.
1 A. moscha'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 503.) leaves elliptic, and
are, as well as the stem, clothed with cinereous pubescence;
whorls few-flowered ; calyx greyish-green, glandulifcrous. ^ .
S. Native of tropical New Holland. Corollas red or jjurplish.
Vl/i<s% Anisomeles. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to
3 feet.
2 A. inodora (R. Br. prod. p. 503.) leaves elliptic, nearly
glabrous, dotted beneath ; whorls remote ; calyxes green, glan-
dulifcrous. I; . ? S. Native of tropical New Holland.
822
LABIATE. LXXIX. Anisomeles. LXXX. Galeopsis.
Scentless Anisomeles. Slirub.
3 A. Heynea'na (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 59. lab.
p. 702.) glabrous or finely pubescent ; leaves remote, oblong-
lanceolate, narrowed at the base ; cymes of flowers on long pe-
duncles, secund, few-flowered ; calycine teeth lanceolate, acute.
T; . ? S. Native of the Indian Peninsula, Heyne ; Island of Sal-
cette, on the higher mountains, in shady woods, at the temple of
Kennerg, Jacquemont. Leaves serrately crenated, smaller and
thinner than the rest, pale green, and usually finely pubescent.
Heyne's Anisomeles. Shrub . ?
4 A. salvi.ef6lia (R. Br. prod. p. 503. ? Benth. lab. p. 702.)
villous ; leaves oblong-elliptic or lanceolate ; whorls dense,
many-flowered ; calycine teeth short, broad-lanceolate, acute.
(7 . ? S. Native of tropical New Holland ; Island of Timor.
Very nearly allied to A. intermedia, and A. ovata, var. moUissima,
but differs in the smaller stature, slenderer branches, smaller ca-
lyxes, and in the teeth being 4 times shorter than the tube.
Sage-leaved Anisomeles. Shrub. ?
5 A. ova'ta (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 364.)
hairy, rarely almost glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated or
roundish or truncately subcor-date ; whorls dense, many-flowered ;
calycine teeth lanceolate, acute. ©. ? S. Native of the hotter
parts of Asia, in waste and humid places in most parts. Jacq.
fil. eel. 1. t. 86. Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 358. t. 19. A. disticha,
Heyne, ex Roth. nov. spec. p. 254. Nepeta Amboinica, Lin.
suppl. p. 273. Ballota disticha, Lin. mant. 83. Ajuga disticha,
Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 2. Nepeta disticha, Blume, bijdr. p. 823.
Marriibium I'ndicum, Burm. fl. ind. p. 127. et thes. zeyl. t. 71.
Monarda Zeylanica, Burm. fl. ind. p. 12. Ballota Mauriti'^na,
Pers. enth. 2. p. 126. — Rhecd. mal. 10. p. 175. t. 88. Leaves
obtuse, broadly crenated. Whorls 10-40-flowered, secund, or
nearly equal ; lower ones distant ; upper ones interruptedly spi-
cate. Corollas purple ; lower lip of a deeper colour.
Oia^e-leaved Anisomeles. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
6 A. ca'ndicans (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 59. lab.
p. 703.) canescent from pubescence ; leaves ovate-oblong or
lanceolate, narrowed at the base ; whorls many-flowered, rather
loose ; calycine teeth lanceolate, acute. I^ • ' •'• Native of the
Birman Empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddi, near Yenan-
ghuen, Wallich. Habit of ^. Afalabarica, but the leaves are a
little broader, pubescent on both surfaces, as well as the stems
and calyxes. Cymes usually elongated as in A. Malahdrica,
but the flowers are fewer. Calyx elongated, having the teeth as
in A. ovata.
Whitish Anisomeles. Shrub. ?
7 A. interme'dia (Wight, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 703.)
clothed with tomentose pubescence or subvillous ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, cuneated at the base ; whorls many-flowered, dense,
or the cymes are at length ample and elongated ; bracteas subu-
late ; calyx hairy, having the teeth lanceolate at the base, and
subulate at apex, very soft. T^ . ? S. Native of the Indian
Peninsula, on the mountains of Madura ; and of Ceylon, at Pe-
radenia. Habit intermediate, between A. ovata, and A. Malahd-
rica, but is more nearly allied to the latter, from which it differs
in the broader less tomentose leaves, and broader calycine teeth.
Intermediate Anisomeles. Shrub.
8 A. Malaba'rica (R. Br. in. bot. mag. t. 2071.) tomentosely
villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base ; whorls
many-flowered, dense, or the cymes are ample, and at length
elongated : floral leaves, bracteas, and subulate calycine teeth,
very soft. ^2 • S. Native of the hotter parts of Asia, in humid
places by the sides of rivulets ; as of the Indian Peninsula, Bur-
man Empire, Mauritius, Penang, Java, Malabar, &c. Hook,
journ. bot. 1. p. 225. t. 127. Nepeta Malabarica, Lin. mant.
566. A'juga fruticosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 1. Stachys Mala-
barica, Sieb. fl. maur. exc- — Rheed. mal. 10. p. 185. t. 93.?
Branches canescent from short tomentum. Leaves 2-4 inches
long, obtuse, serrately crenated in the upper part, quite entire at
the base. Whorls distant, disposed in simple racemes. Corolla
rose-coloured or purplish : throat of corolla and filaments pilose.
Odour of Stachys sylvatica.
Malabar Anisomeles. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2
to 5 feet.
Cult. The species are of the most easy culture and propagation.
A light rich soil answers them well ; and cuttings strike root
readily in the same kind of soil.
LXXX. GALEO'PSIS (from yaXri, gale, a weasel ; and o\pit,
ojisis, resemblance ; the mouth of the corolla gaping like that of
an animal.) Lin. gen. no. 717. Schreb. gen. no. 972. Juss.
gen. p. 114. Benth. lab. p. 523. Tetrahit. Dill. gen. 3-4.
Mcench. meth.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospennia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panulate, somewhat 5-nerved, with a nearly equal mouth and 5
nearly equal teeth, or the superior teeth are the longest, some-
what spinescent at apex. Corolla w ith an exserted tube, which
is naked inside, a dilated throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip
ovate, entire, arched ; lower lip spreading, trifid : the lateral
lobes ovate, and the middle lobe obcordate or somewhat bifid ;
palate furnished with an elevated tooth above, at the recess of
the lobes. Stamens 4, ascending, the lower two the longest ;
anthers 2-celled : cells opposite, transversely and bivalvately de-
hiscent; inner valve roundish, with ciliated edges: outer one
larger and naked. Style about equally bifid at top ; lobes subu-
late, stigmatiferous at apex. — Annual divaricately branched erect
herbs, rarely decumbent at the base. Floral leaves almost simi-
lar to the cauline leaves. Whorls numerous, many-flowered,
distinct. Flowers red or cream-coloured, or variegated with
both these colours. This genus is readily distinguished from all
other labiate genera in the structure of the anthers.
1 G. ociiroleu'ca (Lam. diet. 2. p. 600.) stem pubescent ;
leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, clothed with soft villi on
both surfaces; calyx clothed with glandular villi. ©. H. Na-
tive of Middle Europe ; as of Brilain, France, and Germany, in
sandy corn-fields ; in England, as in Cambridgeshire, Notting-
hamshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, and about Bangor in Wales,
Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 1. p. 40. t. 46. G. villosa. Smith, fl. brit.
2. p. 629. engl. bot. t. 2353. G. grandiflora, Gmel. syst. p. 905.
G. prostrata, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 388. G. dilbia. Leers herb. no.
453. Tetrahit longiflorum, Mcench, meth. p. 395. G. segetum,
Rchb. ex Steud. nom. p. 351. G. Ladanum, majus Krok. fl.
siles, no. 932. Stems often decumbent at the base. The whole
plant generally clothed with glandular hairs. Corollas large,
cream-coloured.
Cream-coloured flowered Hemp Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Bri-
tain. PI. 1 foot.
2 G. La'danum (Lin. spec. p. 810.) stem glabrous or pubes-
cent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, clothed with short tomentose pu-
bescence on both surfaces ; calyxes clothed with adpressed pu-
bescence and glandless pili. ©. H. Native throughout Europe,
from Sweden and Scotland to Spain, Italy, South of Russia and
the Caucasus ; a common weed in corn fields, plentiful in Britain,
Smith, engl. bot. t. 884. G. canescens, Schultes, obs. p. 108. ?
G. angustifolia, Ehrh. Tetrahit Ladanum, Mcench, meth. 394.
— Petiv. brit. t. 33. f 11.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 386. sect. 11. t. 12.
f. 18. Plant erect. Branches purplish. Leaves remotely ser-
rate-crenated. Whorls few at the tops of the branches, 6-10-
flowered. Corolla red, having the tube and throat generally
spotted with yellow : sometimes not above half again as long as
the calyx, and sometimes 2 or 3 times as long, pubescent out-
side.
LABIATiE. LXXX. Galeopsis. LXXXI. Staciiys.
823
Var. 0, parvijiom, (Bentli. lab. p. 523.) corolla about balf
again as long as the calyx. 0. H. G. parviflora, Lam. diet. 2.
p. (300. G.'interniediai Vill. fl. daupb. 2. p. 387. t. 9. Rcbb.
icon. bot. eur. 1. p. 40. t. 46. G. latifolia, Hoftm. fl. germ.
4-S. ex D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 544.
/'kc. y, spinosa (Benth. lab. p. 523.) calycine teeth longer and
spinose. ©. H. G. angustifolia, Hoffm. fl. germ. 4-8. ex D. C.
fl. fr. 3. p. 543.
Ladanum Hemp Nettle. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 1
foot.
3 G. Tetra'uit (Lin. spec. p. 810.) stem usually hairy, from
stiff" bristles or pili, and tumid at the nodi ; leaves ovate, and are,
as well as the calyxes, glabrous or hairy. O- H. Native
throughout Europe and Middle Asia, by way-sides, in cop-
pice-woods; in corn-fields and on their margins; plentiful
in some parts of Britain. Tetraliit nodosum, Moencb, meth. p.
395. Leaves 1-3 inches long, pilose. Whorls 6-30-flowered,
distinct, or the upper ones approximate. Corolla sometimes
shorter than the calycine teeth ; sometimes 4 times as long, pur-
plish, yellowish, or spotted with both colours.
War. a,panijldra, (Benth. lab. p. 524.) corolla 2-3 times as
long as the calyx. ©. H. G. Tetiaiiit, Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 191.
Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 9. p. 28. t. 877. Smith, engl. bot. t. 207.
G. bifida, Bonning. ex Lej. fl. belg. p. 241. Rchb. fl. germ,
exc. p. 323. G. acuminata, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 323. — Riv.
mon. irr. t. 31. — Petiv. herb. brit. t. 33. f 8. — Mor. hist. t. 12.
f. 13. Corolla purple or white, with a spot on the lower lip,
variegated with purple and yellow.
Var. p, pubesccns (Benth. lab. p. 524.) stems scarcely hairy.
0. H. G. pubescens, Besser. prim. fl. gal. 2. p. 27. Rchb.
icon. bot. eur. 1. p. 40. and 41. t. 47-48. G. Walteriana, Schlecht.
fl. berol.
Far. y, grandiflora (Benth. lab. p. 524.) corollas 3-4 times as
long as the calyxes. ©. H. G. versicolor, Lin. spec. p. 810.
Curt. H. lond. G. t. 38. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 1. p. 47. t. 57. G.
cannabina, Poll. pal. no. 5C0. Fl. dan. 929. VVilld. spec. 3. p.
393. G. speciosa. Mill. diet. no. 3. Corolla cream-coloured ;
lower lip spotted with purple.
Telrahd or Common Hemp Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Britain.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
Cult. All the species are common weeds in corn-fields ; and
are therefore only cultivated in botanical gardens.
LXXXL STA'CHYS (from (rraj^uc, slachys, a spike, in
reference to the spiked inflorescence.) Benth. lab. p. 525. —
Stachys and Betonica, Lin. and other authors. — Zictenia, Gle-
ditsch, Pers. and other authors. — Eriostomum, Tetrahitum and
Trixago, Hoffm. et Link.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Gymnospermia. Caly.x tubularly cam-
panulate, 5 or 10-nerved, with an equal or oblique 5-toothed
mouth ; teeth equal, or the superior ones are larger, or the 3 su-
perior ones are combined into an upper lip. Corolla with an
equal, inclosed or exserted tube, furnished with a transverse ring
of hairs inside or naked, often incurved above; throat not di-
lated ; limb balabiate ; upper lip erect or spreading a little,
usually arched a little, entire or scarcely emarginate, rarely elon-
gated and flattish, emarginately bifid ; lower lip usually longer,
spreading, and 3-lobed ; the middle segment large, entire, or
emarginate. Stamens 4, ascending, exserted ; lower 2 the long-
est ; filaments naked ; anthers appro.ximate, 2-celled : cells dis-
tinct, parallel, diverging or divaricate. Style about equally bifid
at top ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at apex. Achenia dry,
obtuse, not truncate. — Herbs or subshrubs. Whorls 2 or many-
flowered, usually disposed in terminal, nearly simple racemes.
I
Sect. L Alopecu'ros (from aXwTriji, itlopcx, a fox, and nvpn,
oura, a tail ; resemblance in spikes of flowers.) Benth. lab. p.
531. — Betonica species, Lin. and other authors. A perennial
villous green herb. Whorls fasciculately many-flowered, ap-
proximating into somewhat interrupted s])ikes. Outer bracteas
about equal in length to the calyxes. Corollas yellowish ; tube
inclosed. Cells of anthers parallel.
1 S. AioPECU^ROs (Benth. lab. p. 531.) plant ascending, vil-
lous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, broad-cor-
date at the base : lower floral leaves sessile, similar to the upper
ones, but broader : upper ones and bracteas broad-ovate, acute ;
corolla one half longer than the calyx, which is amply campanu-
late. 1/. H. Native of South and Middle Europe, on the
mountains ; as of the Pyrenees, Cevennes, Switzerland, Austria,
Provence, Piedmont, Naples, Mount Parnassus. Betonica alo-
pecuros, Lin. spec. p. 811. Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p. 50. t. 78.
Rchb. icon. bot. eui 8. 4. t. 719. Betonica liitea. Mill. diet,
no. 7. Sideritis alopeciiros, Scop. cam. no. 711. t. 28. Spikes
an inch in diameter. Whorls 20-30-flowered. Corollas cream-
coloured, downy outside.
Fox-toiZ-spiked Betony. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1759. PI. I to U
foot.
Sect. II. Betonica (betonic is the Celtic name of common
betony.) Benth. lab. p. 532. Betonica species of Lin. and
other authors. Pilose, pubescent, or villous perennial herbs.
Whorls fasciculately many-flowered, approximating into subin-
terrupted spikes. Outer bracteas equalling the caly.xes. Corollas
purplish, rarely cream-coloured ; tube usually exserted ; cells of
anthers subparallel.
2 S. densiflora (Benth. lab. p. 532.) erect, hairy ; leaves
petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base :
lower floral leaves cordate-ovate, on short petioles : superior
ones liractea-formed, and are, as well as the bracteas, ovate-lan-
ceolate, mucronate, equalling the calyxes ; whorls approximating
into a dense oblong spike : the lower whorls remote ; corolla
twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of the South of
Europe in subalpine places ; as of Spain, Pyrenees, Switzerland,
Appennines, Naples, Hungary, Caucasus. Betonica Monnieri,
Osb. p. 146. Gouan, ill. p. 36. Betonica hirsuta, Lin. mant.
248. Murr. comm. goett. 1779. vol. 2. p. 13. t. 3. Rchb. icon,
bot. eur. 8-5. t. 714. Betonica Danica, Mill. diet. no. 2. Be-
tonica incana. Ait. hort. kevv. 2. p. 293. Sims. bot. mag. 2125.
Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 5. t. 713. — Barrel, icon. t. 340.
Stems nearly simple. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 1 to Ij
broad. Spikes thick, dense. Corollas villous outside, purplish,
tube exannulate inside. Calycine teeth spinose ; superior ones
rather the largest.
Dcnse-Jlowered Betony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710. PI. Ih
foot.
3 S. Betonica (Benth. lab. p. 532.) erect, rather pilose ;
lower leaves on long petioles, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenated,
cordate at the base : superior leaves remote, and are, as well as
the lower floral leaves, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, toothed :
uppermost ones linear, quite entire, equalling the calyxes ; whorls
many-flowered, all approximate into an oblong subinterrupted
spike, or the lower whorls are distinct: bracteas ovate, mucro-
nate, equalling the calyxes ; corolla twice as long as the calyx.
'^.. H. Native throughout Europe and Russian Asia, in woods,
heaths, and pastures, among bushes; plentiful in Britain, in like
situations. Betonica officinalis, Lin. spec. p. 810. Hook. (1.
lond. vol. 2. with a figure. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1 142. Fl. dan.
72G. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 54. t. 710. Betonica hirta,
Leyss. Rchb. icon. bot. cur. 8. p. 4. t. 711. Betonica legitima.
Link, handb. p. 476. Betonica stn'eta, Ait. hort. kevv. 2. p.
824
LABIATE. LXXXI. Stachys.
299. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 5. t. 712. Betonica alpina,
Mill. diet. no. 3. Betonica folio-a, Piesl. fl. sic. 37. ? Betonica
afFinis, Wender. in bot. zeit. 1826. 1. p. 353. Betonica serotina,
Host, fl. austr. vol. 2. Betonica diviilsa, Tenore, syll. fl. nap.
append, p. 611. ?■ — Sabb. hort. rom. t. 82. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 28.
— Mor. liist. sect. 11. t. 5. f. 1. — Petiv. beib. brit. t. 32. f. 6.
Very like S. densiflora, but differs in the more slender stems,
longer petioles, remote smaller leaves, the more starved spike,
&c. Corolla purple or white. Betony was formerly much used
in medicine, but it is discarded from present practice. When
fresh it intoxicates. The leaves and floivers, according to Lewis,
have a herbaceous, roughish, and somewhat bitterish taste, with
a weak aromatic flavour. An infusion of them or light decoc-
tion may be drunk as tea. The roots are bitter and very nau-
seous ; in small doses they act as an emetic and aperient. The
plant dyes wool of a fine dark yellow colour.
Var. ji, major (Benth. lab. p. 532.) spike elongated and
thicker, and the habit more like that of <S'. densiflora, but the
superior leaves are lanceolate, not ovate. 11 . H. This is the
garden variety.
Betony, Common. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
4 S. longif6lia (Benth. lab. p. 533.) erect, villous ; leaves
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, deeply cordate at
the base : lower floral leaves similar to the rest, sessile : upper
floral ones bractea-formed, and are, as well as the braeteas, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, shorter than the calyxes ; whorls many-
flowered : lower ones remote : upper ones approximate into a
cylindrical spike ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, which
is tubular. 1/ . H. Native of Caucasus. Betonica orientalis,
Lin. spec. p. 811. Lam. ill. t. 507. f. 2.? Leaves 4-C
inches long, and \ but scarcely 1 incli broad, deeply and hastately
cordate at the base. Spike loosish, \ foot long, interrupted at
the base. Corollas reddish, purple ; tube exannulate inside.
Long-leaved Betonv. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1737. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
5 S. GRANDiFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 533.) erect, villous ; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, broadly cordate at the
base : floral leaves sessile, stem-clasping, almost similar to the
rest, gradually becoming smaller as they ascend, till the upper
ones become almost bractea-formed ; whorls many-flowered, dis-
tinct : the lower ones remote ; braeteas ovate-lanceolate, acute,
longer than the calyxes ; corolla about 3 times as long as the
calyx, which is tubularly campanulate : throat dilated. % . H.
Native of Siberia, at the river Terek ; also of Caucasus. Beto-
nica grandiflora, Willd. spec. 3. p. 96. Curt. bot. mag. t. 700.
Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 6. t. 715. Betonica orientalis, Thuil.
fl. par. p. 293. but not of Lin. Whorls 10-20-flowered. Corolla
violaceous, 12-14 lines long, glabrous ; tube exannulate inside.
Great-flowered Betony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803. PI. 1
foot.
6 S. Di'scoLOR (Benth. lab. p. 533.) ascending, villous ; leaves
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, deeply crenated, wrinkled above and
hairy, but clothed with white wool beneath : lower floral leaves
siinilar to the rest, sessile : upper floral leaves bractea-formed,
lanceolate, equalling the calyxes ; whorls many-flowered, rather
distinct, few ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, which
is tubularly campanulate : throat dilated. 1/ . H. Native of
Eastern Caucasus, in stony places. Betonica nivea, Stev. in
mem. soc. mat. car. mosq. 3. p. 266. Betonica macroCira, Otto. ?
This is a very elegant species, of the size, and with the flowers
of S. grandiflora. Leaves form of those of .S'. hirsiila, green
above. Calyx woolly. Corollas large.
Var. a, rosea ; flowers rose-coloured. 2/ . H.
Var. (3, ochroleiica ; flowers cream-coloured. 1/ . H.
Two-coloured-]eaved Betony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. 1 to li foot.
Sect. IL Eriostachys (from epiov, erion, wool, and arayyc,
stachys, a spike ; spikes woolly.) Benth. lab. p. 534. Erios-
tachys species. Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 319. Eriostomum,
Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. Perennial or biennial herbs, clothed
with soft villi or wool. Whorls many-flowered. Outer braeteas
alone equalling the calyxes or hardly shorter than them.
7 S. Hera'clea(A11. ped. 1. p. 31. t. 84. f. 1.) erect, woolly
from very long hairs ; leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, crenated,
subcordate at the base : floral leaves very broadly ovate, quite
entire, and broadly cordate at the base, scarcely exceeding the
calyxes ; whorls many-flowered, distinct ; braeteas ovate or ob-
long : outer ones equalling the calyxes ; calyx woolly, with
ovate, very acute subspinose teeth. !{.. H. Native of Europe,
in the region of the Mediterranean, in dry uncultivated places ;
as of Spain, Eastern Pyrenees, France about Rhodes, Provence,
Piedmont, Italy, Sicily, &c. Sideritis Heraclea, Col. ecphr. 1. t.
131. ex Allion. S. intermedia, Tenore, fl. nap. p. 34. ex. D. C.
but not of Ait. S. barbata, Lapeyr, abr. p. 336. .S. phlomoides,
Willd. enum. suppl. p. 41. Betonica Heraclea, Lin. syst. 535.
mant. p. 83. Stems many, from a thick perennial base. Caidine
leaves 2-5 inches long, and hardly 1 inch broad. Racemes sim-
ple. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, purple, form of that of
>S'. Germdnica.
Var. ft, lulea (Benth. lab. p. 534.) flowers yellow. % . H.
Native of Croatia, Dalmatia, and near Constantinople. S. obliqua,
Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 142. t. 134. S. Cretica, Forsk. fl.
const, p. 28. but not of Lin. S. orientalis, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 64.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. gra?c. 6. p. 48. t. 134. This only diflfers
from the species in the colour of the flowers.
/ferac/ean Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1
foot.
8 S. MOLLi'ssiMA (Willd. hort. berol. 60. t. 60.) humble, erect,
clothed with soft villi ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, crenated,
cordate at the base, wrinkled, greenish on both surfaces, very
villous ; whorls many-flowered ; braeteas linear, equalling the
calyxes ; calyx campanulate, villous, with acute, rather spinose
teeth ; corolla pubescent outside, half again as long as the
calyx. H-. H. Native of Spain, and of the Island of Corfu.
Leaves like those of S. alplna, but smaller. Corollas pale pur-
ple. ?
Very soft Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. I
to f foot.
9 S. pu'mila (Russ. nat. hist. alep. 2. p. 255. t. 10.) peren-
nial or suffrutieose, humble ; leaves almost radical, petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, cordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed with hoary
tomentum on both surfaces ; whorls few, many-flowered ; outer
braeteas about equal in length to the calyxes ; calyx nearly gla-
brous, with lanceolate-subulate teeth, which are about equal in
length to the tube. 7/ . or Ij . F. Native of Syria, near Aleppo,
Russell. Stems rising from a short woody base. Radical leaves
almost like those of Salvia jwmifera. Floriferous branches 2-4
inches high, bearing 2-4 whorls. Floral leaves roundish, wrin-
kled. Whorls 15-20 -flowered.
Dwarf Hedge Nettle. PI. j to I foot.
10 S. Swainsonii (Benth. lab. p. 535.) herbaceous, ? pilosely
woolly, procumbent at the base, much branched ; leaves petio-
late, ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, wrinkled, very
soft ; whorls 2-10-flowered ; braeteas one half shorter than the
calyxes, rarely minute ; calyx campanulate, villous, with lanceo-
late, very acute, rather spinose teeth ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx. 1^.? H. Native of Greece, on Mount Parnassus,
Swainson ; Ithaca, P. B. Webb. Prasium hirsfitum, Poir. diet. 5.
p. 611. This species is allied to sect. Zietenia. Leaves about
I an inch long. Racemes dense. Corolla villous outside. Ring
of tube rather oblique.
Swainson's Hedge Nettle. PI. I foot.
LABIAT.E. LXXXI. Stachys.
825
H S. Zuccari'nii (Bentli. lab. p. 535.) herbaceous, silky and
woolly from adpressed pili ; branches elongated, erect, a little
branched ; leaves few, linear, quite entire ; whorls 2-flowered ;
bracteas shorter than the calyxes ; calyx tubularly campanulate,
with spinose teeth, which exceed the tube of the corolla. 5/ . ?
H. Native of Greece, Zuccarini. Brandies almost naked.
Leaves scarcely an incii long, acutish : floral leaves small, ses-
sile, lanceolate. Calyxes sessile.
Zuccarlms Woundwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
12 S. LANA*TA (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 1 1. t. 107.) clothed with
dense silky wool ; leaves oblong-elliptic, narrowed at both ends,
scarcely crenulated, wrinkled : floral leaves smaller : upper flo-
ral leaves shorter than the whorls ; whorls many-flowered, the
uppermost ones approximating into a spike ; bracteas linear-
lanceolate, about equal in length to the calyxes ; calyx incurved,
with scarcely unequal acute niutic teeth which are woolly inside ;
corolla woolly outside, with an inclosed tube. %.. H. Native
of Tauria, in dry exposed fields, plentiful, and throughout Cau-
casus. Eriostomiun lanatum, Hoff'm. nachtr. 1. p. 60. Leaves
thick. Whorls above, 30-flowered. Corollas purple, smaller
than in S. Germdnica.
/ro;7/^ Woundwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1782. PI. 1 to
U foot.
13 S. Ita'lica (Mill. diet. no. 3.) erect, clothed with hoary
tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile or on short petioles, oblong-
lanceolate, narrow, obtuse, crenulated, narrowed at the base,
rarely subcordate, wrinkled : floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite
entire, rather longer than the whorls ; whorls many-flowered,
distinct : upper ones approximate ; bracteas linear-lanceolate,
equalling the calyxes ; calyx a little incurved, with acute spinose
teeth, which are densely woolly inside ; corolla woolly outside,
with an inclosed tube. %. H. Native of Europe, in the region
of the Mediterranean ; as of Italy, Etruria, and near Parma. S.
salvisefolia, Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p. 23. t. 53. syll. p. 291. Eri-
ostomum salvisefolium, Presl. fl. sic. p. 37. This species diflfers
from S. Germ/inica in the more humble stature, narrower leaves,
which are rarely cordate at the base, and more tomentose than
woolly. Corollas purplish.
I'ar. 13, pungeiis (Btnth. lab. p. 537.) plant more humble ;
leaves fewer ; whorls few, spicate at the tops of the stems. % .
H. Native of Dalmatia, at Zara ; Syria, near Aleppo. S.
piingens, Russel, nat. hist. alep. S. salviaefolia, Vis. pi. dalm.
Siderhis hirsiita, Sieb. pi. cret. exs.
Italian Woundwort. Fl. Jime, July. CIt. ? PI. 1 to IJ
foot.
14 S. Germa'nica (Lin. spec. 812.) herbaceous, tall, clothed
with loose white wool ; cauline leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse, usually cordate at the base, crenated ; lower
floral leaves sessile, half stem-clasping, crenated, the uppermost
ones lanceolate, acute, and quite entire, rather longer than the
whorls ; whorls many-flowered, distinct, racemose : upper whorls
approximate ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, equalling the calyxes ;
calyx a little incurved, with acute, rather spinose teeth, woolly
inside, upper teeth the largest ; corolla woolly outside, with an
inclosed tube. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, Middle Asia, and
North Africa, in dry, arid, and stony plages; in several parts of
England, but hardly indigenous. Jacq. fl. austr. 4. p. 10. t. 319.
Smith, engl. hot. t. 829. Bot. reg. t. 1289. Rchb. icon. bot.
eur. 10. p. 18. t. 950. Oed. fl. dan. t. 684. S. lan;\ta, Crantz,
austr. 267, but not of Jacq. Erioslomum Germanicum, HoflTm.
et Link, fl. port. S. tomentosa, Gat. fl. mont. p. 107. S. Cre-
tica, Lin. syst. 812.? Sibth. et Smith, fl. gr.-ec. 6. p. 47. t. 558.
Walth. hort. p. 108. t. 1 9. S. spectiibilis, Choisy, in D. C. pi. rar.
hort. gen. 1. p. 27. S. dasyantha, Rafin. prcc. des. decouv. p.
39. S. biennis. Roth, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 10. p. 17. t. 949.
S. polystachya, Tenore. fl. nap. 2. p. 23. t. 53. syll. p. 297. Eri-
VOL. IV.
ostomum polysti\chyum, Presl. fl. sic. p. 37. Eriostomum Lusi-
tanicum, HoflTm. et Link, fl. port. S. Lusitanica, Steud. nom. p.
806. S. Pannonica, Lang. pi. exs. S. argentea, Tausch, in bot.
zeit. 1831. 1. p. 217. S. alba, Mill. diet. no. 4.? S. hetero-
pliylla, Mcench. ex Steud. nom. p. 806. S. cinerea, S. elongata,
S. excelsa, S. intermedia, S. orientalis, .S. Sihirica, S. verbasci-
folia, &c. Hortul. S. montana, Riv. mon. irr. t. 27. f. 1. — Bar-
rel, icon. t. 297. This species is very variable in wooliness and
size of flowers. Whorls 15-20-flowered. Corollas reddish
purple.
German Woundwort or Hedge Nettle. Fl. July. Britain.
PI. 1 to 4 feet.
15 S. floccosa (Benth. lab. p. 739.) herbaceous; stem tall,
clothed with dense floccose wool ; cauline leaves petiolate, ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, clothed with soft
villi above, and dense white floccose wool beneath : lower floral
leaves crenulated : superior ones lanceolate, quite entire, pun-
gent, rather shorter than the calyxes ; whorls many-flowered,
distinct, racemose : upper ones approximate ; bracteas lanceo-
late, equalling the calyxes ; calyx a little incurved, with acute
pungent teeth, which are rather woolly inside, the upper teeth
the largest; tube of corolla inclosed. Ij.. H. Native of the
North of India, on the mountains near Hirpur, Jacquemont.
This species differs from its nearest allies, S. Germhilca and S.
lanAlu, in the leaves being deeply cordate at the base, and in the
wool of the stem and lower surfaces of the leaves being dense
and floccose, not long and silky.
Floccose Woundwort. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
16 S. alpi'na (Lin. spec. p. 812.) herbaceous, tall; stem
erect, pilose, rather woolly ; leaves petiolate, ovate, serrately
crenated, cordate at the base, green on both surfaces, villous :
floral leaves narrower, gradually becoming smaller as they as-
cend, acute, serrated ; whorls all remote, many-flowered ; brac-
teas linear, about equal in length to the calyxes ; calyx rather
pilose, with lanceolate-ovate acute spinose teeth ; corolla woolly
outside, about twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of
the mountainous parts of Europe ; as of the Pyrenees, France,
Switzerland, Upper Italy, Germany, &c. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. 1. p.
14. t. 8. Eriostonum alpuium, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. — Sabb.
hort. rom. 3. t. 41. This plant varies much in gardens, but is
at all times readily distinguished from S. Germdnica in the
leaves being green on both surflices, in the whorls being fewer
and more remote, and in the raceme being much less woolly.
Corollas, like those of S, Germdnica, obscure purple, or reddish
brown.
J'ar. ft, intermedia (Benth. lab. p. 537.) larger; leaves more
wrinkled, rather woolly beneath. 1/. H. Native of Caucasus
and Siberia. S. intermedia, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 209. S. Cre-
tica, Lin. spec. p. 812. from the description. S. orientalis, Lin.
spec. p. 813. S. Sibirica, Link, enum. 2. p. 109. Sweet, fl.
gard. t. 100. S. curviflora, Tausch, in bot. zeit. 1831. 1. p. 216.
S. urticaefolia, Tausch, I. c. S. fiisca, Moench. ?
Alpine Woimdwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 to 3
feet.
17 S. seri'cea (\Vall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 64. Benth. lab. p.
537.) herbaceous, tall ; stem erect, very pilose ; leaves petio-
late, ovate or ovate-oblong, bluntish, crenated, cordate at the
base, villous on both surfaces, green above, pale or hoary beneath,
clothed with silky wool while young; whorls all distant, 10-15-
flowered ; bracteas linear, about equal in length to the calyxes ;
calyx woolly, with ovate-lanceolate very acute s])inose teeth. % .
H. Native of Central Asia, on the mountains ; Caucasus, on
the Talusch mountains, in woods ; Persia, on the mountain.s of
Gilan ; Nipaul, Kam.aoon, and Himalaya. S. Persica, Gmcl. jun.
ex Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 94. Hardly distinct from S. alpina,
unless in being more villous, and in there being fewer flowers in
5 N
826
LABIATiE. LXXXI. Stachys.
each whorl. Racemes many-flowered, woolly from long loose
hairs. Leaves white from wool beneath, or green on both sur-
Silky Woundwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
18 S. seti'fera (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 94.) herbaceous,
tall ; stem erect, pilose, rather woolly ; leaves on short petioles,
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base : floral leaves
gradually smaller as they ascend, all green on both surfaces,
wrinkled, clothed with soft villi, aristately mucronate at apex ;
whorls many-flowered, distant ; bracteas lanceolate, awned ; ca-
lyx villous, with lanceolate, acute, spinose teeth ; corolla downy
outside, exceeding the calyx a little. % . H. Native of Cauca-
sus, on the Talusch mountains, in rather humid places near
Swant. Allied to S. sericca, but differs in the leaves being
nearly sessile, narrow, awned, and in the corollas being more
glabrous.
Bristle-bearing Woundwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
19 S. VESTiTA(Benth. lab. p. 538.) herbaceous, erect, clothed
with soft white villi ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, crenulated, cordate at the base, thick, wrinkled, densely
clothed with white wool beneath : floral leaves lanceolate, acute,
reflexed : upper ones scarcely exceeding the calyxes ; whorls
about 10-flowered, all distant ; bracteas linear, one-half shorter
than the calyxes ; calyx villous, with lanceolate-acute rather spi-
nose teeth ; corolla pubescent outside, about twice as long as the
calyx. 1{..?H. Native of Nipaul. Nearly allied to iS'. oWo?i-
gifdlia, but differs from it in the thick woolly leaves and shorter
bracteas. Leaves 1 to 1| inch long, green above. Tube of co-
rolla scarcely exserted.
Clothed Woundwort. Pi. 1 to 1| foot.
20 S. MELiss^F6LiA(Benth. lab. p. 538.) herbaceous; branches
divaricate, pubescent from soft hairs ; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate, obtuse, crenated, wrinkled, green on both surfaces, nearly
glabrous or pubescent : upper floral leaves shorter than the ca-
lyxes; whorls about 10-flovvered, rather remote, or the upper
ones are approximate ; bracteas linear, one half shorter than the
calyxes ; calyx ovate-campanulate, pubescent, with acute, but
not spinose teeth ; corolla pubescent outside, about twice as long
as the calyx. Tf. ? H. Native of Nipaul. Allied to S. spleii-
dens, but more glabrous, and the flowers fewer, and about half
the size. Leaves 1| to 2 inches long, and about I inch broad,
thin. Racemes branched a little. Corolla purplish : tube slen-
der, incurved.
Balm-leaved Woundwort. PI.
21 S. si'le'ndens (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 64.) herbaceous,
tall ; stem erect, pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, serrately cre-
nated, cordate at the base, wrinkled, villous, green on both sur-
faces : floral leaves similar to the rest, sessile, gradually becom-
ing smaller as they ascend ; wliorls about lO-flowered, remote ;
bracteas linear, shorter than the calyxes ; calyx pubescent, with
bluntish mutic unequal teeth ; corolla more than twice as long
as the calyx: tube exserted, incurved. 1/.? H. Native of
Gosaingsthan, on the mountains. Wall ; mountains of Mussooree,
and throughout the Himalaya range, Royle. Allied to S. alpina,
but less villous ; flowers fewer in the whorls, and the bracteas
shorter.
Shining Woundwort. PI. tall.
Sect. IIL Calo'stachys (from koXoc, halos, beautiful ; and
arayvQ, stachys, a spike ; in reference to the beauty of the flow-
ers.) Benth. lab. p. 539.. — Perennial glabrous or villous herbs.
Stems often furnished with obverse pill or prickles on the angles.
Whorls about 6-flowered. Bracteas minute. Calycine teeth
very acute or rather spinescent. Corolla scarlet or purple,
with a much exserted tube. Cells of anthers diverging or
divaricate.
22 S. cocci'nea (Jacq. hort. schocnbr. 3. p. IS. t. 284.) her-
baceous, erect, clothed with soft villi ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
lanceolate, bluntish, crenated, cordate at the base ; racemes elon-
gated ; whorls 6-flowered, all distant ; bracteas almost wanting;
corolla pubescent, about 3 times as long as the tube. 1/ . G.
Native of Mexico. Curt. bot. mag. t. 666. Andr. bot. rep. t.
310. Leaves 2 inches long : floral leaves sessile, with submu-
cronate crenatures ; upper ones longer than the calyxes, ending
in spinose mucrones. Corolla beautiful scarlet, pubescent, an
inch long.
;5'ca>-/e/-flowered Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1798.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
23 S. cilia'ta (Dougl. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 539.) herba-
ceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; angles of stems obversely cili-
ated ; leaves petiolate, ovate, shortly acuminated, crenated, cor-
date at the base, glabrous or rather hispid from a few hairs
above ; vihorls 6-flowered, upper ones approximate ; bracteas
almost absent ; corolla almost glabrous, 3 or 4 times longer than
the calyx. %. H. Native of North-west America, along the
banks of the Columbia, Douglas and Scouler. Leaves 2-3
inches long ; petioles ciliated. Corolla smoothish, purple, nearly
an inch long.
Ciliatcd-ste\-s\meA Hedge Nettle. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
24 S. Thunbe'rgii (Benth. lab. p. 540.) herbaceous, erect ? ;
angles of stem beset with obverse prickles ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acuminated, crenated, cordate at the base, coriaceous,
prickly on the nerves beneath, glabrous on both surfaces or his-
pid from long hairs ; whorls 6-flowered, distant ; bracteas almost
wanting ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, which is
quite glabrous. If. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Galeopsis hispida, Thunb. prod. fl. cap. p. 96. Habit of S.
horaginoides. Stems procumbent or erect. Corolla glabrous, red,
similar to those of <S'. ciliata.
Thunbcrg's Hedge Nettle. PI. procumbent. ?
25 S. BORAGiNoiDES (Scliiede et Deppe, in Linnsea, 5. p. 100.)
herbaceous, erect ; angles of stem beset with obverse prickles ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, crenated, cordate at the base, green
on both surfiices, liairy and prickly on the nerves beneath ;
whorls 6-flowered, distant ; bracteas almost wanting ; calyx pi-
losely pubescent ; corolla 4 times as long as the tube. If.. ? G.
Native of Mexico, in shady places ; on Mount Macultepec, and
towards San Andres. Habit of S. ciliata. Leaves 1-2 inches
long. Corollas and calyxes form and size of those of S. cocchiea.
Borago-like Hedge Nettle. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
26 S. Chamissonis (Benth. in Linnsea, 6. p. 80.) herbaceous,
erect ; angles of stem obversely ciliated ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, clothed with velvety wool
on both surfaces ; whorls 6-flowered, distant ; bracteas almost
wanting ; corolla villous outside, 3 times as long as the calyx.
If . ? H. Native of California, Chamisso. Allied to S. ciliata,
but differs from it in the leaves, and very villous corollas, and
in the calyxes being longer and hispidly pilose.
Chamisso's Hedge Nettle. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
27 S. Riede'ri (Cham, in Linnsea. 6. p. 570.) erect, simple ;
angles of stem obversely ciliated ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-
oblong : floral leaves ovate, subcordate, nearly sessile, all acute,
serrately crenated, with scabrous margins ; whorls 6-flowered :
flowers sessile ; calyx hispid, with the nerves prickly ; corolla
3 times longer than the calyx. ■y..?H. Native of Kamtschatka,
Rieder. Lower leaves 2 to 2| inches long : middle cauline
leaves 4-5 inches long. Corollas red. Habit and hispidity of S.
horaginoides.
Ricdcr's Hedge Nettle. PI. 2l feet.
28 S. hirsu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 541.)
stems ascending, hispid ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute,
cordate, hairy on both surfaces, crenated ; wliorls about 6-flow-
LABIAT.E. LXXXI. Stachys.
821
ered, distant ; tube of corolla twice as long as tlio cnlyx. 2/ . ?
G. Native of Mexico, in busliy places on the mountains be-
tween Actopan and Totonilco. Leaves nearly an inch long ;
petioles hispid. Calyx pilose, with subulately acnminated seg-
ments. Corolla scarlet, downy outside.
Hairy Hedge Nettle. PI. ^ foot.
Sect. IV. StachvotyVus (from arayvQ, slachys, a spike ; and
ruirof, typos, type ; because this section is supposed to be the
representative type of the genus ; or in other words the true
species of the genus.) Benth. lab. p. 5H. Stachyotypus, Du-
mort, florul. belg. p. 45. — CarapanistrumandEriostachys species,
Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 318. — Trixago et Stachys, Hoffm. et
Link, fl. port. — Annual or perennial, pilosely hispid or glabrous,
rarely woolly herbs. Whorls usually about C-flowered, rarely
2-4 or 10-lo-flowered. Bracteas minute. Calycine segments
usually subspinescent. Corolla purplish, red, or rosy-white,
never cream-coloured ; tube inclosed, or very shortly exserted.
§ 1. Genxii'na (this section is supposed to contain the genuine
or true species of the genus.) Benth. lab. p. 541. Stems tall,
erect, having the angles usually ciliated nnth long spreading or
obverse pili, rarely glabrous. Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
rarely amply ovate. Whorls G-lO-Jlorvered. Corollas rather
large ; tube sometimes exserted.
29 S. Mexica'na (Benth. lab. p. 541.) herbaceous, erect,
tall ; stems hairy from stiff pili ; leaves ample, petiolate, ovate-
oblong, crenated, cordate at tiie base, hispid on both surfaces :
floral leaves sessile, exceeding the flowers ; whorls C-8-flovvered,
distant ; calyx campanulate, hispid, with lanceolate acute rather
spinose teeth ; corolla nearly glabrous, twice as long as the
calyx: tube exserted. Tl. H. Native of New Spain, Mo9ino
et Sesse. Allied to S. sylvatica, but the leaves are on shorter
petioles, narrower and longer. Corolla larger, and the tube
more ample ; upper lip emarginate.
Mexican Hedge Nettle. PI. tall.
30 S. sylva'tica (Lin. spec. p. 811 .) herbaceous, erect, his-
pid ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, acuminated, serrated, cordate
at the base : floral leaves bractea-formed, scarcely longer than
the calyxes ; whorls about 6-8-flowered, distant ; calyx cam-
panulate, hispid, with lanceolate acute rather spinose teeth ; co-
rolla nearly glabrous, twice as long as the calyx, with an exserted
tube. %■ H. Native of Europe and Middle Asia, in shady
places and woods; from Sweden to Spain and Italy; also of
Tauria and Caucasus ; in Britain frequent in hedges and other
shady places. Smith, engl. bot. t. 41 G. Curt. lond. 3. t. 34. S.
Canariensis, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 11. t. 108. — Sabb. hort. rom.
3. t. 38. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 26. f. 2. Roots creeping, but not
extensively. Herb branched, hispid from long spreading hairs.
Leaves large, coarsely and acutely toothed, green. Corolla pur-
ple, marbled about the orifice, 6 lines long, with a pilose ring
near the base of the tube inside. The herb is pungent, with a
fetid smell, approaching to that of black horehound. Being one
of those plants which powerfully affect the nerves it might prove
no contemptible stimulant if judiciously used, ex Smith. The
herb will dye yellow.
Wild Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
31 S. PALu'sTRis (Lin. spec. p. 811.) herbaceous, erect ; stems
pubescent or beset with retrograde hairs ; leaves nearly sessile,
oblons:, or ovate-lanceolate, serrately crenated, rounded at the
base or cordate, wrinkled, hispid, or the lower ones are nearly
<rlabrous ; whorls G to 10-flowercd, distinct, the upper ones sub-
approximate ; calyx campanulate, hispid, with lanceolate acute
rather spinose teeth ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, i;. H.
Native throughout Europe, as well as of Asia and North America,
in humid places ; plentiful in Britain in marshes, on the banks of
rivers, in watery places, by road-sides, and in corn-fields, especi-
ally if they are moist. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1G75. Hook. fl. lond.
vol. 2. icone. Curt. lond. 3. t. '35. S. scgetum, Ilagcn ex Rchb.
fl. germ. exc. 319. S. aft inis, Bunge, enum. pi. chin. bot. — Riv.
mon. t. 26. f. 1. — Blackw. herb. t. 273. — Petiv. herb. brit. t.
33. f. 9. Angles of stem ciliated with spreading hairs, the rest
pubescent. Leaves 2-3 and sometimes 4-G inches long, pubes-
cent or hispid on both surfaces ; lower ones sometimes glabrous.
Corollas pale purple ; lower lip variegated ; tube about equal in
length to the calyx. It behoves many farmers to know this
plant, says Mr. Curtis, as a very noxious plant in many corn-
fields, increasing extensively by the roots, and also by seed.
Linnaeus says that swine are fond of the roots.
Var. fl, anguslifdlia (Benth. lab. p. 542.) flowers smaller;
calyxes rather mutic. 1/. H.
Far. y, hybrida (Benth. lab. p. 542.) leaves on long pe-
tioles ; corolla subexserted. %. H. Native of Britain in moist
places. S. ambigua. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2089. Rchb. icon. bot.
eur. 3. p. 20. t. 222. Plant 1-2 feet high.
Marsh Hedge Nettle, or Clown's Ail-Heal. Fl. July, Aug.
Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
32 S. Baicale'nsis (Fisch. ex Benth. lab. p. 543.) erect ;
stem beset with retrograde stiff' hairs ; leaves nearly sessile, ob-
long-linear, acntish, serrated, rounded at the base, hispid : floral
leaves scarcely longer than the calyxes ; whorls G-flowered ; lower
ones remote : upper ones approximate into a dense thick oblong
spike ; calyx campanulate, hispid, with lanceolate very acute
rather spinose teeth ; corolla twice as long as the calyx. %. H.
Native of Dahuria, Fischer ; Eastern Siberia, Pallas. S. angus-
tifolia. Pall. herb. Stems nearly simple, with the sides glabrous,
and the angles pilose. Leaves 2 inches long. Spikes densely
hispid. Corollas like those of S. paliistris.
Baical Hedge Nettle. PI. 1 to U foot.
S3 S. a'spera (Michx. fl. bor. am'er. 2. p. 5. ? Benth. lab.
p. 543.) erect; stem retrorsely hispid, rarely naked ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated,
rounded at the base, glabrous, or furnished with a few stiff" hairs
above : floral leaves lanceolate, acute, longer than the calyxes ;
whorls 6-10-flovvered, distant ; calyx tubularly campanulate,
glabrous, ciliated, with lanceolate acute subspinose divaricate
teeth ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. 1/ . ? H. Na-
tive of North America, in pastures by river-sides ; from Can.ada
to Carolina. S. arvensis, Walt. fl. car. p. 162, but not of Lin.
S. hispida, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 407. Habit o( S. paliis-
tris. Stems glabrous on the sides, but having the angles, nerves
of leaves, and petioles beset with retrograde stiff" hairs. Leaves
3-4 inches long and 14 broad. Corollas violaceous, glabrous,
with a pilose ring inside.
Far. fl glabrala (Benth. lab. p. 543.) angles of stem almost
naked, or altogether glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Carolina and
of China in the province of Tokeen, Reeves. S. aspera, Nutt.
gen. amer. 2. p. 30. ?
Rough Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
34 S. HYssoriFOLiA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 4. ? Bentii.
lab. p. 543.) plant ascending, quite glabrous, or the stems are
beset with retrograde hairs on the angles ; leaves nearly sessile,
oblong-lanceolate, acutish, subserrated, narrowed a little at the
base : floral leaves very acute, rather longer than the calyxes ;
whorls about 6-flowered, distinct, approximate into short ra-
cemes ; calyx broadly cainpanulate, quite glabrous, with lanceo-
late very acute subspinose divaricate teeth ; corolla glabrous, 2-3
5 N 2
828
LABIATiE. LXXXI. Stachys.
times longer than the calyx. 1^. H. Native of North America,
in humid meadows near Saint Louis, Drummond ; Carolina,
Walter. S. tenuifolia, Willd. spec. p. 100.? S. palustris, Walt.
fl. car. p. 1C2, but not of Lin. Stems procumbent at the base ;
branches ascending. Leaves 1-2 inches long, quite glabrous.
Corolla violaceous ; tube shortly exserted, with a pilose ring
inside.
Hyssop-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI. 1 to I3 foot.
35 S.CHiNE'Nsis(Bunge, pi. chin.bor. in mem.soc. peterb. vol.
2. p. 241.) tall, erect, nearly glabrous ; angles of stem obversely
pilose ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, subserrated, his-
pid above and glabrous beneath ; vviiorls few, 6-flovvered ; brac-
teas minute ; calyx elongated, campanulate, pilose, with lanceo-
late very acute rather spinose teeth ; corolla hardly twice as
long as the calyx. It. H. Native of the North of China,
Bunge. Allied to S. jialHstris, S. dspera, S. hyssopifiUa. Leaves
3-4 inches long. Corolla red, pilose outside, with a pilose ring
inside.
China Hedge Nettle. PL 2 to 3 feet. ?
§ 2. Rudera'les (from ruderalis, of or belonging to rubbish ;
the species are generally found in waste places.) Benth. lab. p.
544. Herbs usually j^erennial, erect, or ascending, rarely pro-
cumbent, hispid, villous or moolly, rarely glabrous. IVhorls C,
rarely with so many as \0 flowers. Corolla rather large, with
the loner lip half an inch long ; having the tube always inclosed.
36 S. albicau'lis (Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 1558.) erect, clothed
with white wool at the base and viscid pubescence above ; lower
leaves petiolate : upper ones sessile, all lanceolate and coarsely
toothed, roundly cuneated at the base or narrowed : floral leaves
shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 6-flovvered, remote ; calyx
ovate-campanulate, clothed with viscid pubescence : teetii broad-
lanceolate, acute, rather spinose ; corolla glabrous, twice as long
as the calyx. 1/ . G. Native of tlie Andes of Chili, Macrae ;
in the Pampas about Buenos Ayres, Gillies. Leaves remote,
1-3 inches long. Corolla red, glabrous; tube a little exserted,
furnished with a pilose ring inside.
White-stemmed Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1S;,'7.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
37 S. OBLONGiFOLiA (Benth. in W^all. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 64.
lab. p. 545.) erect or ascending, pubescent or villous ; leaves on
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, serrated, subcordate at
the base, villous : floral leaves longer than the calyxes ; whorls
about 6-flowered, distant ; calyx tubularly campanulate, pubes-
cent, with lanceolate very acute scarcely spinulose teeth ; corolla
one half longer than the calyx. 1/. G. Native of the moun-
tains of Silhet. Leaves 1-2 inches long, densely villous or woolly
beneath. Corolla violaceous, pubescent outside.
Oblong-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI. ?
38 S. ajugoi'des (Benth. in Linnsea. 6. p. 80. lab. 545.)
erect, very hairy ; leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, crenated,
rounded at the base or cuneated, wrinkled : floral leaves con-
forming to the others ; whorls few, 6-flowered, remote ; calyx
ovate-campanulate, hispid, with ovate acute rather spinose teeth ;
corolla glabroiis, twice as long as the calyx. T^.H. Native of
California, Chamisso. Herb almost simple, and sometimes
branched at the base. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Corollas like
those of S. Macrce^i.
Ajuga-like Hedge Nettle. PI. 5 to f foot.
39 S. siDERiTofDES (Gill. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 740.) peren-
nial, ascending, clothed with silky pili ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
serrated, narrowed a long way at the base, wrinkled, clothed
with soft silky villi : floral leaves ovate-lanceolate : upper ones
shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 6-flowered, remote ; calyx
campanulate, hispid, with lanceolate-acute rather spinose teetli ;
corolla rather pilose, scarcely twice as long as the calyx. V . G.
Native of Chili, on the Andes about Mendoza, Gillies. Habit of
S. arenaria, but the tube of the corolla is exannulate inside.
Perhaps only a villous variety of S. grandidentata.
Siderilis-like Hedge Nettle. PI. ?
40 S. grandidenta'ta (Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 1080.) peren-
nial, erect, pilosely pubescent, hispid above ; leaves petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, all roundly cuneated at the
base or narrowed : upper floral leaves shorter than the calyxes ;
whorls 6-flowered, remote ; calyx ovate-campanulate, hispid,
with lanceolate-acute rather spinose teeth ; corolla glabrous,
twice as long as the calyx. 1^. G. Native of Chili, at Valpa-
raiso, Macrae. Form of leaves and inflorescence that of 6'. albi-
caulis. Corollas red or purple.
Large-toothed-]ea\'ed Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1827, PI. 1 to 3 feet.
41 S. Macrs'i (Benth. lab. 6. p. 78. lab. p. 545.) erect or
ascending, pilosely hispid ; leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, crenated : lower ones cordate at the base :
upper ones roundly cuneated at the base : upper floral leaves
sessile, shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 6-flowered, remote ;
calyx ovate-campanulate, hispid, with lanceolate-acute rather
spinose teeth ; corolla glabrous, twice as long as the calyx, "if., t
G. Native of Ciiili, at Valparaiso, and of California. Hook, et
Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 155, but not of Benth. Very
nearly allied to the preceding. Corolla violaceous.
Macraes Hedge Nettle. PI. | to 1 foot. ?
42 S. Bridge'sii (Benth. lab. p. 546.) erect, clothed with soft
white villi or wool ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated,
subcordate at the base, wrinkled : floral leaves sessile : upper
ones rather shorter than the calyxes ; whorls G-flovvered, remote :
calyx ovate-campanulate, clothed with very soft villi, with mutic
teeth ; corolla twice as long as the calyx. %.1 G. Native of
the South of Chili, Bridges. Allied to the preceding, but the
leaves are smaller, thicker, and the whole plant is canescent from
soft wool, not villous from stift^ hairs.
Bridges's Hedge Nettle. PI. ?
43 S. Gillie'sii (Benth. lab. p. 740.) ascending, villous ;
leaves petiolate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base : lower
ones rounded, nearly glabrous : superior ones ovate, pubescent ;
floral leaves ovate, quite entire, shorter than the calyxes, villous ;
racemes hispid from stiff' villi ; whorls 6-flovvered, distant ; calyx
ovate-campanulate, hispid, with ovate lanceolate acute rather
spinose teeth ; corolla glabrous, thrice as long as the calyx, with
an exserted tube. If.. ? G. Native of the Andes of Chili, near
Mendoza. Intermediate between S. Macrce'i and S. circinnata ;
differing from the first in the short stiff stems, broad leaves, and
larger corollas ; and from the last in the stems and leaves being
less hispid, leaves less crenated, and in the tube of the corolla
being exserted.
G'lllies's Hedge Nettle. PI. ?
44 S. ciRciNNA~TA (Lhcr. stirp. 1. p. 51. t. 26.) procumbent,
hispid; floriferous branches erect ; leaves petiolate, roundish,
obtuse, crenated, broadly cordate at the base : floral leaves
smaller : upper ones ovate, quite entire, rather shorter than the
calyxes; whorls 6-flowered, distinct : lower ones remote ; calyx
campanulate, hispid, with ovate acute rather spinose teeth ; co-
rolla pubescent, scarcely twice as long as the calyx. 1/ . H.
Native of the South of Spain and North of Africa; Gibraltar;
on the lead-hills of Tunis, Vahl. ; Mount Atlas, in the fissures
of rocks, Desf. S. velutina, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 41. S.
latifolia. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 303. Sterile branches procumbent,
creeping a little. Corolla 7-8 lines long, pale or dark purple or
white.
Circin/inZe-leaved Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1777.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
LABIATiE. LXXXI. Stachys.
829
45 S. NEPET.EFoLiA (Dcsf. Cat. hort. par. p. 58. Benth. lab.
p. 546.) ascending, cancscent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse,
crenated, cordate at the base, wrinkled ; whorls distant, G-flow-
ered ; calyx tubular, canescent, with lanceolate acute rather spi-
nose teeth ; corollas pubescent, half again as long as the calyxes.
1/.? H. Native of Spain, Pavon. Plant canescent from short
tomentum. Leaves from J to 1 inch long, almost like those of
Nepeta 3luss}ni. Corolla purple ; tube equalling the calyx.
Habit different from other species of the genus.
Catmint-leaved Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1805.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4C S. Ara'bica (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 554.) erect, divaricately
branched ; branches glabrous or beset with spreading hairs ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, serrately crenated,
rounded at the base or cuneated, glabrous or pubescent : floral
leaves sessile, ovate, acute, cordate at the base ; whorls 6-flow-
ered, remote ; calyx large, campanulate, pilose, with ovate
acute rather spinose teeth ; corolla pubescent, one half longer
than the calyx. Q. ? H. Native of Arabia. This species is
distinguished from all others in the large calyx, which is 6-8
lines long. Corolla violaceous ; tube shorter than the calyx.
Arabian Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 1
foot.
47 S. bulla' TA (Benth. lab. p. 547.) erect, villous ; leaves
on short petioles, broad-ovate, coarsely crenated, bullately
wrinkled, rather canescent beneath, hispidly villous on both sur-
faces ; floral leaves shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 6-flovvered ;
calyx turbinately campanulate, hispid, with ovate acute rather
pungent teeth ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. % . ?
H. Native of California, Beechey. S. coccinea. Hook, et Arn.
in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 156. but notof Jacq. Leaves 1^ to 2
inches long ; floral leaves sessile. Whorls approximate. Co-
rolla pubescent : tube equalling the calyx, furnished vvitli a ring
of hairs inside.
Blistercd-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI. ?
48 S. BRACHiA~TA (Bojer, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 547.) pro-
cumbent ? clothed with fine tomentose pubescence ; leaves ses-
sile, oblong-lanceolate, bluntiah, toothed, roundish at the base,
wrinkled ; whorls about 6-flowered, remote ; calyx ovate-cam-
panulate, pubescent, with ovate very acute rather spinose teeth ;
corollas small, downy outside, about twice as long as the calyx.
IJ. . .S. Native of Madagascar, Lyall. Stems rather woody.
Leaves 1 to 14 inches long. Corolla almost like that of S.
Grahamii, scarcely 3 lines long.
Armed Hedge Nettle. PI. procumbent.
49? S. ca'ndida (Benth. lab. p. 547.) procumbent? clothed
with white wool ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate,
coarsely toothed, or crenated, narrowed at the base ; floral
leaves rather shorter than the calyxes ; whorls G-flowered, re-
mote ; calyx ovate, campanulate, woolly, with lanceolate very
acute rather spinose teeth ; corolla woolly outside, one half
longer than the calyx. I^;.? F. Native of the Levant, ex
Hort. par. ; Macedonia, ex Herb. Lamb. The whole plant
clothed with dirty white wool. Leaves half, or hardly an inch
long.
White Hedge Nettle. PI. procumbent.
50 S. liUMiFu'sA (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 3794.) procumbent,
flabrous ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, cordate at the
base ; whorls about 6-flowered ; calyxes glabrous, with rather
spinose teeth ; corollas twice as long as the calyx. 1/ . ? G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Habit of S. /Etiiiopica,
but larger. Leaves about an inch long, with crenulated edges.
Trailing Hedge Nettle. PI. trailing.
§ 3. Oliga'ntHvE (from oXiyoc, oligos, few ; and avdnc,
anlhos, a flower ; in reference to the few-flowered whorls.)
Benth. lab. p. 5 43. Annual, rarely perennial, weak herbs,
which are procumbent at the base. If'horls 2-4, rarely 6-Jlow-
ercd.
51 S. yExHiopiCA (Lin. mant. p. 82.) villous, procumbent;
leaves petiolate, rigid, ovate-deltoid, crenated, deeply and
broadly cordate at the base ; floral leaves narrowed at the base,
rather shorter than the caly.xes ; whorls 2-4 (lowered, racemose ;
calyx campanulate, hispid, with equal, acute, rather spinose
teeth; corolla twice as long as the calyx. %. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. obs. 4. p. 2. t. 77. Lher.
stirp. nov. 2. t. 27. Lower leaves i an inch long : superior
ones smaller : floral ones quite entire. Corolla purple.? This
species varies much in hairiness and size of flowers.
^(/(io^wan Hedge Nettle. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1770. PI.
procumbent.
52 S. subse'ssilis (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 4326.) decumbent ;
stems nearly glabrous ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate, almost quite
entire, deeply cordate, pilosely hispid on the margins and
nerves ; floral leaves nearly glabrous, shorter than the calyxes ;
whorls 2-flowered, racemose ; calyx campanulate, hispid, with
equal lanceolate very acute subspinose teeth ; corolla nearly
glabrous, with the tube rather exserted. If . ? G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, and Algoa Bay. Leaves scarcely 2
lines long. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Almost-sessile-\e&\eA Hedge Nettle. PI. procumbent.
53 S. Lya'llii (Benth. lab. p. 548.) annual, diffuse, hispid ;
leaves petiolate, small, orbicular, rounded at the base, or cor-
date, wrinkled ; floral leaves similar to the rest ; whorls 2-flow-
ered ; calyx campanulate, with an oblique mouth, and lanceo-
late, acute teeth, the upper teeth the longest ; corolla one half
longer than the caly.x. ©. S. Native of Madagascar. A
small plant, with the habit of Veronica agreslis. Calyxes secund,
subreflexed. Corollas rosy-white, form of those oi' >S'. Corsica,
but much smaller.
Lyall's Hedge Nettle. PI. diff"use.
54 S. rotundifolia (M09. et Sesse, mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
548.) annual, ascending; leaves petiolate, ovate-rounded, cre-
nated, cordate at the base : floral ones similar to the rest ;
whorls axillary, 2-flowered ; calyx campanulate, very pilose,
with nearly equal lanceolate acuter scarcely spinescent teeth ;
corolla 3 times as long as the calyx ; tube shortly exserted :
lower lip large. 0. S. Native of New Spain. Allied to S,
Corsica. Stems nearly simple, villous. Flowers nearly sessile.
Corollas almost like those of S. Corsica, but larger.
Round-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI. g foot.
55 S. Corsica (Pers. ench. 2. p. 36.) procumbent, pilose ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, very blunt, broadly crenated, rounded at
the base, or subcordate ; floral leaves smaller : upper ones
shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 2-4-flowered, remote ; calyx
campanulate, hispid, with nearly equ.al lanceolate acute rather
spinescent teeth ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx :
tube a little exserted: lower lip large. 1/.? H. Native of
Corsica and Sardinia, in corn-fields. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 7.
p. 24. t. 646. Glechoma grandiflora, D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 538.
Herb diffuse. Corolla downy outside, 7-8 lines long, rosy-white
or pink, large for the size of the plant.
Corsican Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i
to I foot.
56 S. sereula'ta (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 5155.) annual, de-
cumbent, pilose ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, acutish, broadly
cordate at the base ; upper floral leaves sessile, shorter than the
calyxes ; whorls about 4-flowered ; calyx tubularly campanu-
late, hispid, with nearly equal lanceolate acute rather spinose
teeth; corolla fice as long as the calyx. ©. H. Native of
830
LABIATE. LXXXI. Stachys.
the Cape of Good Hope. Nearly allied to S. arvensis ; but the
corollas are twice the size ; the leaves broader and more acute,
and the flowers fewer.
,S'errulatcd-]eave(!i Hedge Nettle. PI. decumbent.
57 S. MARRUBiiFOLiA (Viv. fl. cors. app. 2. ex Benth. lab. p.
740.) annual, erectish, pilose ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, ob-
tuse, crenated, broadly cordate at the base ; upper floral leaves
sessile, shorter than the calyxes ; whorls G-flovvered ; calyx
tubularly campanulate, pilose, with lanceolate acute teeth, the
upper teeth the largest ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : tube
inclosed, equalling the calyx: lips nearly equal. ©. H. Na-
tive of Barbary, Corsica, Naples. S. arvensis purpiarea, Poir.
diet. 7. p. 373. S. Poiretii, Tenore, syll. fl. nap. app. p. 5.3S.
Habit of S. arvensis ; but the calyxes are broadly campanulate,
oblique, and the corollas are much larger. Leaves very like
those of a species of Marrubium.
Horehound-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI. J foot. ?
§ 4. Agre'stes (from agrestis, wild.) Weak annual herbs.
Whorls 6, rarely \0-\5-Jionered.
58 S. eria'ntha (Benth. lab. p. 549.) annual, prostrate,
rather creeping ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, cre-
nated, truncate at the base, or rounded, rather villous ; upper
floral leaves sessile, scarcely longer than the calyxes ; whorls 6-
fiowered ; calyx campanulate, clothed with soft rufous villi,
with short acutish mutic teeth ; corolla exceeding the calyx a
little. O. H. Native of Mexico, Moijino et Sesse. Allied to
S. arvensis, and the leaves very like those of S. Grahami, but
differs from both in habit and calyxes. Leaves 6-9 lines long,
rather rufescent beneath. Corollas like those o{ S. arvensis.
WooUy-Jlowcrcd Hedge Nettle. PI. prostrate.
59 S. ARVENSIS (Lin. spec. p. 814.) annual, decumbent,
pilose; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the
base ; floral leaves narrower : upper ones cuneated at the base,
sessile, rather shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 4-6-flowered,
distant ; calyx tubularly campanulate, hispid, with nearly equal
lanceolate acute scarcely spinose teeth ; corolla scarcely ex-
ceeding the calyx, with an inclosed tube and short lips. Q. H.
Native throughout Europe, North of Africa, and Middle Asia,
in corn-fields; also of South America, but probably imported
from Europe ; plentiful in some parts of Britain, in corn-fields,
in gravelly or calcareous soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1154. Hook,
fl. lond. vol. 2. icone. Oed. fl. dan. t. 587. Rchb. icon. bot.
eur. 10. p. 24. t. 967. Curt. fl. lond. 4. t. 41. Sabb. hort.
rom. 3. t. 51. Glechoma marriibiastrum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 371.
Cardiaca arvensis. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 383. Trixago arvensis,
Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. Trixago cordifolia, Moench, meth. p.
398. Trixago colorata, Presl, fl. sic. p. 37. Stachys Brasili-
ensis, Hortul. — Riv. mon. t. 27. f. 2. Glechoma arvensis, Lin.
spec. ed. 1st. p. 578. Plant erectish or decumbent. Leaves
■| to 1 inch long. Corolla pilose outside, pale purple : tube
shorter than the calyx, with a ring of hairs inside near the
base.
Corn-field Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. i
to I foot.
60 S. AGRAPHIA (Schiede et Deppe, in Linnaea, 5. p. 100.)
annual, erectish, pilose ; leaves petiolate, oval, obtuse, crenated,
cordate at the base ; floral leaves narrower, all longer than the
calyxes ; whorls about 6-flowcred, distant ; calyx campanulate,
pubescent, with nearly equal very acute rather spinose teeth ;
corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. ©. H. Native of Mexico,
near Jalapa ; and Texas, at Rio Brazos. Flowers smaller than
those of S. arvensis. Corolla pale violet.
Field Hedge Nettle. PI. i foot. ?
61 S. tkunca'ta (Kunze, in pi. Poppig, mss. ex Benth. lab. p.
550.) annual, erect, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse,
crenated, rounded at the base ; floral leaves acute, cuneated at
the base, longer than the whorls ; whorls 4-6-flowered, distant ;
calyx broad-campanulate, with equal broad-ovate very acute
rather spinose teeth, which are inuch shorter than the tube ; co-
rolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, with an inclosed tube, and
very short lips. 0. H. Native of Chili, near Valparaiso.
Habit of (S'. ari'cniis, but more erect and less pilose. Corollas
red, glabrous.
Triincate-Ho-viereHL Hedge Nettle. PI. \ foot. ?
62 S. Peruvia'na (Domb. in herb. Stnith, ex Benth. lab.
p. 551.) annual, decumbent ; branches pilose; leaves petiolate,
ovate-rounded, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base, glabrous
or pilose ; floral leaves sessile, exceeding the calyxes ; whorls
about 6-flowered, distant ; calyx broadly campanulate, hispid :
teeth shorter than the tube, broad, acute, rather spinose; corolla
scarcely exceeding the calyx, having the upper lip very short,
and the lower lip 3 times as long as the upper. O- H. Na-
tive of Peru, in boggy places near Lima. Larger than iS'.
arvensis. Leaves broader, and more glabrous. Calyx larger.
Corolla twice as long, with an inclosed tube.
Peruvian Hedge Nettle. PI. decumbent.
63 S. Kee'rlii (Benth. lab. p. 551.) annual? erect, villous;
leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, cordate at the base, pilose :
superior ones oblong ; floral leaves cuneated, narrow, reflexed,
hardly longer than the calyxes; racemes elongated ; whorls 6-
flowered ; fructiferous calyx campanidate, spreading : teeth
acute, spincscent, rather shorter than the tube ; corollas twice
as long as the calyx : upper lip short : lower lip 3 times as long
as the upper lip. ©. H. Native of Mexico, near Tlalpuxa-
hua, Keerl. Habit of «S'. Grahamii, but more pilose, &c.
Keerl's Hedge Nettle. PI. i to 1 foot. ?
64 S. Graha'mii (Benth. lab. p. 551.) herbaceous, procum-
bent ? pilosely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse, crenated, subcordate at the base, rather hispid, or at length
glabrous; whorls 10-15-flowered, remote; calyx globosely cam-
panulate, nearly glabrous : teeth ovate, acute, rather spinose ;
corolla small, glabrous, about twice as long as the calyx. 0.
H. Native of Mexico, near Tlalpuxahua, G. J. Graham.
Corollas 3 lines long, almost like those of «S'. arvensis.
Grahavis Hedge Nettle. PI. procumbent.
65 S. Drummondi (Benth. lab. p. 551.) annual, erect,
pilosely hispid ; leaves petiolate, oval, obtuse, broadly cordate
at the base, or rounded ; floral leaves lanceolate : upper ones
rather shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 6-flowered ; calyx cam-
panulate : teeth linear, or lanceolate-subulate, equalling the
tube ; corolla twice as long as the calyx : upper lip short :
lower one 3 times as long as the upper. ©. H. Native of
Texas, at Rio Brazos, Drummond. Habit of iS. agraria.
Drummond's Hedge Nettle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
66 S. BoGOTENsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
309.) erect, pilose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, rounded at apex, ob-
soletely cordate at the base, crenated, rather canescent beneath ;
whorls 4-6-flowered; calyx turbinately campanulate, 5-cleft,
with ovate-oblong mucronate nearly equal teeth ; corolla ex-
ceeding the calyx : upper lip entire, shorter than the lovi'er one.
0. H. Native near Santa Fe de Bogota. Leaves an inch
long, and 9 lines broad. Corolla violaceous. This appears
only to diflfer from S. Drummondi, in the form of the calyx, and
more villous leaves, which are canescent beneath.
Bogota Hedge Nettle. PI. 1 foot.?
67 S. de'bilis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) erect, puberidous ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, deeply cordate, crenated, nearly
glabrous, with the veins and margins hairy ; whorls about 10-
flowered ; calyx turbinately campanulate, with lanceolate aris-
tately subulate nearly equal teeth ; corolla with the tube a
LABIATE. LXXXI. Stachys.
831
little longer than the calyx : upper lip bifid : lower lip 3 times
as long as the upper lip. ©.? H. Native of Quito, between
Cachapamba and Chillo. Leaves 10-11 lines long, and 7 lines
broad, paler beneath. Corolla pale violet. Allied to S.
anciisis.
Weak Hedge Nettle. PI. ?
68 S. ELLi'i'TicA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 308.) erect, hairy;
leaves petiolate, elliptic, rounded at apex, cordate at the base,
crenated ; whorls C-flowered ; calyx turbinately campanulate,
with ovate acuniinately mucronate unequal teeth ; corolla twice
as long as the calyx: upper lip entire, rather concave. ©.?
H. Native of Quito, near Tumbaniba and Chillo. Leaves g
an inch long, and 4 lines broad. Whorls approximate. Corolla
rose-coloured, downy outside, middle segment of lower lip
marked by two purple spots at the base.
Elliptic-leSiseA Hedge Nettle. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. V. Oli'sia (meaning unknown to us.) Benth. lab. p.
553. — Olisia species, Dumort, florul. belg. — Tetrahitum and
Stachys species, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. — Herbs, annual or
perennial, glabrous, pubescent, or pilose, but never woolly.
Leaves ovate. Whorls about 6-flovvered. Bracteas minute.
Calyxes usually spinescent, sometimes bilabiate. Corollas cream-
coloured.
69 S. hi'rta (Lin. spec. p. 813.) erect or ascending, branch-
ed, pilosely hairy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, crenated, truncately
cordate at the base ; floral leaves sessile, roundly cuneated at
the base : upper ones ovate, acute, quite entire ; whorls 6-flow-
ered, distant, or the upper ones are approximate ; calyx campa-
nulate, pilose, with lanceolate-subulate very acute spinescent
teeth ; corolla pubescent outside, scarcely a half again as long
as the calyx, with an inclosed tube, and an emarginately bifid
upper lip. ©. H. Native of the South-west of Europe, and
the North of Africa, in dry stony places near the sea ; as of
Spain, Portugal, Italy, Tunis ; as well as of the Canary Islands.
All. ped. 1. p. 31. t. 2. f. 3. bad. Sideritis ocymastrum, Gouan,
hort. monsp. p. 27S. Galeopsis hirsiita, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p.
580. Tetrahitum hirtum, Hoftm. et Link, fl. port. Stachys
divaricata, Viv. fl. cors. append. 2. Stachys inscripta, Rchb.
icon. hot. exot. 1. p. 28. t. 40.^ — Lob. icon. 519.? Galeopsis
Hispanica, !Mill. ex Steud. nom. p. 351. Leaves | to H inch
long. Plant pale green. Corollas cream-coloured.
Hairy Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1725. PI. \ to
I foot.
70 S. a'nnua (Lin. spec. p. 813.) annual, erect, nearly gla-
brous, or pubescent at top ; leaves petiolate, ovate, bluntish,
crenated, rounded at the base, or cuneated ; floral leaves lanceo-
late, longer than the calyxes, acute, almost quite entire ; whorls
about 6 -flowered, distinct: upper whorls approximate; calyx
tubularly campanulate, villous, a little incurved, with lanceolate
very acute rather spinose teeth ; corollas pubescent, about twice
as long as the calyx. ©. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields,
and by way sides ; as of France, Germany, Italy, Caucasus, &c.
Jacq. fl. austr. 4. p. 31. t. 3(J0. Betonica annua, Lin. spec. ed.
1st. p. 573. Mcench, meth. p. 396. Stachys nervosa, Gat. fl.
mont. p. 107. Stachys Betonica, Crantz, stirp. austr. p. 2G5. —
Riv. mon. irr. t. 69. Plant branched. Cauline leaves glabrous,
\\ inch long, and 8-10 lines broad ; upper floral leaves smaller,
pubescent. Corollas yellow, or cream-coloured.
Annual Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1713. PI. \ to
1 foot.
71 S. pube'scens (Tenor, fl. nap. prod. p. 34.) perennial, as-
cending, almost glabrous, but pubescent above ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, obtuse,, crenated, cuneated at the base ; floral leaves
ovate, longer than the calyxes, acutish, nearly entire ; whorls
1
about 6-flowered, distant ; calyx tubularly campanulate, villous,
a little incurved, with lanceolate very acute rather spinose
teeth ; corolla pubescent, about twice as long as the calyx. '2^.
H. Native of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean, in
dry fields ; as of Spain, Lucania, Dalmatia. S. deci'iinbens,
Willd. enum. suppl. p. 41.? S. Balbisii, Link, enum. 2. p. 110.
S. fragilis. Vis. pi. rar. dalm. ex Rchb. fl. germ. p. 319. ? Ca-
lycine teeth equalling the tube of the corolla. Corolla yellowish,
or cream-coloured, sometimes spotted with red in the throat.
P«ic4ccn< Hedge Nettle. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. i
to 1 foot.
72 S, mari'tima (Lin. mant. p. 82.) perennial, tomentosely
hairy, ascending ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, narrowed at the base, rather wrinkled ; floral leaves ses-
sile, ovate, obtuse : upper ones rather shorter than the calyxes ;
whorls about 6-flowered : lower ones distant : superior ones ap-
proximating into a spike ; calyx tubidarly campanulate, villous,
with lanceolate acute mutic teeth ; corolla pubescent, about a
half again as long as the calyx. 1/. H. Native in the region
of the Mediterranean, in sandy places by the sea side ; as near
Valentia, Montpelier, Nice, &:c. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 29..
t. 70. Rchb. icon. hot. eur. 5. p. 51. t. 484. S. betonicKfolia,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 124. ? but not of Desf.— Dill. elth. 50. t. 42.
f. 50. — -Bocc. mus. 2. p. 164. t. 127. Stems numerous. Leaves
about an inch long, wrinkled and tomentose. Corolla pale yel-
low or cream-coloured, the lower lip spotted with purple at the
base.
Sea-side Hedge Nettle. Fl. July. Clt. 1714. PI. | to U
foot.
73 S. spiNULosA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 410.)
annual ? ; angles of branches liispid ; leaves petiolate, broad-
ovate ; lower leaves cordate at the base ; floral leaves sessile,
ovate-lanceolate; whorls 6-10-flovvered, distinct; bracteas mi-
nute ; calyx ample, campanulate, with broad acute rather spi-
nose equal teeth, which are about equal in length to the corolla;
upper lip of corolla very large. ©. ? H. Native of Dalmatia,
Istria, Candia, Corfu, about Constantinople, &c. Galeopsis
orientalis. Mill. Plant erect or ascending. Angles of stems
ciliated with obverse hairs. Leaves crenated, 1-2 inches long,
green, pilose. Corollas pale yellow, like those of S. menlhce-
fblia, but a little longer.
Spinulose Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to
1 \ foot.
74? S. MENTH/EFOLiA (Vis. pi. rar. dalm. in bot. zeit. 1829.
erglb. p. 14. Benth. lab. p. 555.) plant ascending or erect,
hairy ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-ovate, serrated, rounded
at the base, or subcordate ; floral leaves sessile, acute, hardly
exceeding the calyxes; whorls 6-10-flowered : superior ones
approximate ; calyx amply campanulate, bilabiate, with broad,
very acute, submutic teeth ; lower lip of corolla very large.
1/.? H. Native of Dalmatia. S. grandiflora. Host, fl. .austr.
2. p. 169. Leaves 2 to 3 inches long, hispid. Lower whorls
distant. Corolla cream-coloured. This differs from the other
species of this section in the bilabiate calyx.
Mini-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI. ?
Sect. VI. Cham;esideri'tis (from x°/""' c^""""'' o" ''"^
ground; and Sici/jut-ic, Sideritis; in reference to the smallness
of the species.) Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 318. Benth. lab. p.
556. Perennial, glabrous, or pilose herbs, never woolly.
Leaves oblong, lanceolate, or linear. Whorls 2-6-flowered.
Bracteas minute, subspinescent. Corolla cream-coloured or
purple.
75 S. subcrena^ta (Vis. pi. rar. dalm. in bot. zeit. 1829.
832
LABIATE. LXXXI. Stachys.
1 erglb. p. 15.) ascending, pilosely pubescent; leaves nearly
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, scarcely crenated, narrowed,
and quite entire at the base ; floral leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acute : upper ones shorter than the calyxes ; whorls densely
6-10-flowered, distant; calyx tubularly campanulate, rather
pilose, with ovate very acute rather spinose nearly equal
teeth ; corolla nearly glabrous, twice as long as the tube of the
calyx. ■)!/ . H. Native of Dalmatia, on hills. S. recta, /3,
Bertol. amoem. ital. p. 378. Allied to S. recta, but differs in
the leaves being narrower, more entire. Corolla yellow. ?
Suhcrenated-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
76 S. re'cta (Lin. manf. p. 82 ) erect or ascending, pilosely
hairy ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, ob-
tuse, crenated, rounded or narrowed at the base, wrinkled,
hairy ; floral leaves sessile, acute : upper ones shorter than the
calyxes; whorls about 10-flowered, distant ; calyx ovate-cam-
panulate, hairy, with ovate very acute rather spinose equal
teeth ; corolla glabrous, twice as lung as the calyx. If. . H.
Native of Europe, especially in the south, in dry places and by
»vay sides ; as of Spain, Germany, Italy, South of Russia,
Tauria, Caucasus, Candia, itc. Jacq. fl. austr. 4. p. 31. t.
359. Sideritis hirsuta, Gouan, fl. monsp. p. 85. Betonica
hirta, Gouan, hort. monsp. p. 276. Betonica decumbens,
Mcench, meth. p. 396. Tetrahit herbariorum, Ger. fl.
gallopr. p. 272. S. Betonica, Crantz, stirp. austr. p. 264. S.
bufonia, Thuill. fl. par. 1. p. 2!)5. S. procumbens, Lam. fl. fr.
2. p. 385. S. Sideritis, Vill. fl. dauph. 2. p. 375. S. sylves-
tris, Forsk. fl. const, p. 28. S. annua. Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1.
p. 410. but not of Lin. S. glutinosa. Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1.
p. 409. but not of Lin. S. decumbens, Rchb. fl. germ. p. 318.
but scarcely of Willd. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 70. Leaves 1 to 1^
inch long, very variable in breadth and hairiness. Corolla pale
yellow or cream-coloured, with a purplish throat.
Upright Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. 1
to IJ foot.
77 S. arena' RiA (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 61.) decumbent, canes-
cent from pubescence ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-linear or
lanceolate, acute, subserrated, narrow a long way at the base,
and quite entire ; floral leaves smaller : upper ones shorter than
the calyxes : whorls loosely 6-10-flowered, remote ; calyx
tubularly campanulate, pilose, with lanceolate very acute rather
spinose teeth, the upper tooth rather the broadest ; corolla
pubescent outside, twice as long as the calyx. 1/. H. Na-
tive of the region of the Mediterranean ; as of Tunis, Sicily,
Naples, about Trebezond, Iberia, &c., in dry, rugged, exposed
places. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1959. Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 21. t.
126.? S. Iberica, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 51. Rchb. icon. hot.
exot. 1. p. 43. t. 58. S. prostrata. Lag. cat. hort. madr. S.
diffusa, Schw. S. scordifolia, Willd. enum. 2. p. 616. S. pur-
purea, Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 616. S. congesta, D'Urv. enum.
pi. arch, in mem. soc. Lin. par. p. 324. S. riibra, Donn, hort.
cantab. Branches more or less canescent from long soft hairs,
as well as the leaves. Leaves 1 to H inch long : upper floral
ones quite entire. Corolla purplish, pilose outside.
.Sonrf Hedge Nettle. Fl. July. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 foot.
78 S. ANGusTiFOLiA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 51.) glabrous ;
branches twiggy, diffuse ; leaves linear, quite entire, serrated,
or the lower ones are pinnatifid ; racemes elongated ; whorls
remote, 2-flovvered ; calyx tubularly campanulate, glabrous,
with nearly equal very acute rather spinose teeth ; corolla pu-
bescent outsicle, with a shortly exserted tube. If.. H. Native
of the South of Tauria, in woods, among stones at Femirdschi,
and near Cherson. Sweet, fl. gard. 2. t. 180. S. tenuifolia.
Pall. e.\ Link, enum. 2. p. 109. Rchb. icon. hot. exot. 1. p.
20. t. 28. but not of Willd. S. recta, D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. ?
but not of Lin. Corollas purplish.
Narrow-leaved Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
Sect. VII. Amble' ia (meaning unknown to us.) Benth.
lab. p. 558. Shrubs or under-shrubs, usually tomentose,
rarely glabrous, but never pilose. Whorls 2-6-flowered, rarely
so much as 10-flowered. Bracteas small, or few. Calyx tomen-
tose or woolly, with soft mutic teeth.
79 S. hyssopoi'des (Burch. cat. georg. no. 2653.) suffruti-
cose ? ; branches elongated, loosely sub-tomentose ; leaves
linear or oblong, quite entire, or denticulated at apex, narrowed
a long way at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, or scarcely
tomentose ; upper floral leaves shorter than the calyxes ; whorls
2-flowered ; calyx clothed with hoary tomentum, with broad
lanceolate mutic teeth ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx.
fj . G. Native of South Africa. Leaves an inch long, bluntish,
green: floral ones gradually broader and shorter. Calyx clothed
with very thin tomentum. Corolla silky outside.
Hyssop-like Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
80 S. c/Eru'lea (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1775. ex Benth. lab.
p. 558.) suffruticose ? quite glabrous ; branches elongated,
loosely tomentose ; leaves linear or oblong, quite entire, or
somewhat denticidated at apex, narrowed a long way at the
base, glabrous, or scarcely tomentose ; upper floral leaves
shorter than the calyxes ; whorls 2-flowered ; calyx clothed
with hoary tomentum : teeth broad-lanceolate, mutic ; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx. Tj . G. Native of South
Africa. Leaves 2-4 inches long, greenish or tomentose. Flowers
few, remote. Corolla silky outside.
Blue-Rowered Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
81 S. spatula' TA (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1738. ex Benth.
lab. p. 559.) suffruticose, clothed with hoary tomentum; leaves
linear-spatulate, quite entire ; superior floral leaves scarcely ex-
ceeding the calyxes ; whorls 2-flowered ; bracteas small ; calyx
tubidarly campanulate, with broad-lanceolate teeth, which are
equal in length to the tube of the corolla. Ij . G. Native of
South Africa. Very nearly allied to S. linearis ; but differs in
the form of the leaves, subracemose flowers, small upper leaves,
and inclosed tube of corolla, &c.
Spatula tcAeaved Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
82 S. linea'ris (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 2717. ex Benth. lab.
p. 559.) suffruticose, clothed with hoary tomentum; leaves
linear, sessile, quite entire ; floral leaves exceeding the flowers ;
whorls about 2-flowered ; bracteas minute ; calyx tubularly
campanulate, with lanceolate acute mutic teeth, shorter than
the tube of the corolla. Tj . G. Native of South Africa.
Densely clothed with floccose tomentum. Leaves 1 inch long.
Corolla about twice as long as the calyx, silky outside.
LinearAeaved Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
83 S. RosMAUiNiFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 559.) suffruticose,
clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-
linear, quite entire, rounded as the base, tomentose on both sur-
faces, and white beneath ; whorls about 6-flowered, distant ;
bracteas subulate, shorter than the calyxes ; calyx campanulate,
clothed with hoary tomentum : teeth lanceolate, acute, mutic ;
corolla scarcely exceeding the calycine teeth, tomentose outside.
T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S. hyssopifolia,
Vahl, herb, but not of Michx. Sideritis pallida, Thunb. prod,
fl. cap. 95. Leaves similar to those of Lavender or Hyssop,
about an inch long, acutish. Upper whorls sometimes approxi-
mate.
Rosemary -leaved Hedge Nettle. Shrub humble.
84 S. RUGOSA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 303.) suffruticose, cloth-
ed with hoary tomentum ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear or lan-
ceolate, narrowed a long way at the base, quite entire, wrinkled ;
whorls 6-10-flowered, distant; bracteas subulate: outer ones
LABIATiE. LXXXI. Stachys.
833
about eqnal in lengtli to the calyxes ; calyx canipanulate, with
lanceolate subulate acute mutic teeth ; corolla about twice as
long as tile calyx. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 7. t. 493. Corollas pale yellow. ?
If'rin/c/cd-leaved Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
85 S. denticula'ta (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 13C9. ex Bentb.
lab p. 5i)0.) suftruticose ; branches clothed with hoary tomen-
tmn ; leaves petiolate, obovate or oblong, obtuse, crenated, un-
dulately curled, much wrinkled, clothed with sub-floocose tomen-
tum beneath ; whorls 2-flowered ; bracteas small, subulate ;
calyx tubularly canipanulate, loosely tomcntosc, with ovate-lan-
ceolate acute mutic teeth ; corolla scarcely twice as long as the
calyx. h . G. Native of South Africa. Branches and leaves
almost like those of Marrubium vulgare. Leaves | to f of an
inch long : floral leaves about twice as long as the calyx. Co-
rolla silky outside.
Denliculated-\eaved Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
8G S. cunea'ta (Banks, herb. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 560.)
suftluticose, clothed with tomentose wool ; leaves petiolate, obo-
vate-cuneated, roundish, obtuse, crenated, undulately curled,
nuicli wrinkled, clothed with sub-floccose tomentum on both sur-
faces ; whorls 2-flowcred ; bracteas small, subulate ; calyx cam-
pannlate, densely tomentose, with ovate-lanceolate acutish mutic
teeth; corolla exceeding the calyx a little. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, Masson. Branches and leaves
like those of Marrubium Alyssum. Leaves hardly ^ an inch
long : floral ones exceeding the calyxes. Whorls approximate
at the tops of the branches. Corolla small, silky outside.
Wedge-\ea\eA Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
87 S. PAUciFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 5C0.) sufFruticose, clothed
with floccose wool ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanccohite, ob-
tuse, quite entire, narrowed at the base, wrinkled ; whorls 2-
flowered, rarely 4-flowered, distant ; calyx tubularly campann-
latc, with lanceolate acute mutic teeth ; corolla exceeding the
calyx a little. h^ • G. Native of Egypt, near Mount Sinai,
N. Bove. S. orientalis, Forsk. fl. aegypt. p. 68. but not of
Lin. S. Palaestina, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 64. but not of Lin. S.
aff"lnis, Fres. miis. senkenb. p. 91. Stems shrubby at the base,
branched. Lower leaves J to 1| inch long; floral leaves
usually sliorter than the calyxes. Corollas small, silky outside.
Tomentum white or yellowish.
Fw-ZoHwerf Hedge Nettle. Fl. ? Clt. 1834. ? Shrub 1 to
U foot.
88 S. Ni'vEA (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 3. p. 5. t. 3.) sufiTruticose,
clothed with tomentose wool ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, ob-
tuse, quite entire, narrowed at the base, thick ; whorls 2-4-
flovvered, few, distant ; calyx tubularly canipanulate, white, with
ovate obtuse mutic teeth ; corolla a half again as long as the
calyx, pubescent outside. fj . G. Native of Syria, near Da-
mascus. Tomentum white, floccose. Leaves \\ inch long.
Calycine teeth equalling the tube of the corolla.
Snorvy Hedge Nettle. Shrub | to 1 foot.
89 S. Burche'llii (Benth. lab. p. 561.) suflTruticose, clothed
with floccose tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, serrately crenated, narrowed at the base, wrinkled ;
whorls 6-10-flowered, distinct; bracteas very minute; calyx
tubularly canipanulate, with lanceolate obtuse mutic spreading
teeth : upper teeth the largest. I; . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Phlomis micrantba, Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1672.
trav. 310. Siderhis rugosa, Thunb. prod. p. do. Habit of
Marrubium peregrinum. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long ; floral
leaves whiter. Corolla small.
Burchell's Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
90 S. iEoYPTfACA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 124.) hoary; flowers
spicaie ; leaves ovate, wrinkled ; bracteas broadly ovate, acumi-
VOL. IV.
nated ; calyx canipanulate, smooth. ?j. G. Native of Egypt.
This difl'ers from S. Palu-slimi in the calyx and dense spike.
Egyptian Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
91 S. PAL/Esi-rNA (Lin. spec. p. 1674.) suffVuticose, canes-
cent, tomentose ; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, or
aristately mucronate, quite entire, narrowed a little at the base,
stem-clasping, wrinkled; whorls about 6-flowered, at len"th re-
mote, or the upper ones are appro.ximate ; calyx tubularly cam-
panulate, clothed with hoary tomentum : teeth obtuse, mutic ;
corolla scarcely twice as long as the calyx. Ij. G. Native of
Palestine, on the mountains between Gaza and Jerusalem. S.
lantlta, INIocnch, p. 397. but not of Jacq. — Barr. icon. t. 279.? —
Bocc. mus. 2. t. 109 — 112.? Leaves 1-2 inches long, whitest
beneath. Corolla white or purple, clothed with silky pubes-
cence outside.
Palestine Hedge Nettle. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
92 S. NUBIANS (Benth. lab. p. 561.) sufliruticose, pubescent;
leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse, crenated, narrowed at the base,
wrinkled, villous above, and clothed with white wool beneath ;
whorls 2-6-flowcred ; flowers pedicellatg, densely clothed with
white wool, reflexed in the fructiferous state : teeth lanceolate,
obtuse, mutic ; corolla exceeding the calyx a little, pubescent
outside. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Dahl.
This differs from S. Lamdrckii, in the broader leaves, which are
green above, and clothed with long white pili beneath, not
clothed with white wool, &c.
A'«/aH<-flowered Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
93 S. Lama'rcku (Benth. lab. p. 562.) suffruticose, clothed
with woolly tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, obtuse,
crenated, narrowly rounded at the base, thick, much wrinkled ;
whorls about 6-flowered, few, distant ; calyx tubular, densely
clothed with white wool : teeth ovate, obtuse, mutic ; corolla
exceeding the calyx a little, clothed with white tomentum out-
side, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S. rugosa.
Lam. ill. t. 509. f. 3. but not of Ait. Siderhis deci'imbens,
Thunb. prod. p. 95. Habit of Marrubium. Branches at length
nearly glabrous. Leaves 6-12 lines long. Corollas yellow. ?
Lamarck's Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
94 S. juga'lis (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1233. ex Benth. lab.
p. 562.) suftruticose, clothed with rather floccose tomentum ;
leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, subcrenated at top,
wrinkled; whorls 6-10-flowered, distant; calyx woolly, with
broad-lanceolate acute mutic teeth ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx. h . G. Native of South Africa. Leaves 1 to 1 ^
inch long, the tomentum rather velvety above, and canescent
beneath. Corolla clothed witii silky villi outside.
Coupled Hedge Nettle. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
95 S. infla'ta (Benth. lab. p. 562.) suffruticose; branches
clothed with white tomentum ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong,
obtuse, quite entire, a little wrinkled, clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath ; whorls about 6-flowered, distant; bracteas linear,
short ; flowers sessile ; calyx inflately canipanulate, with ovate
bluntish mutic teeth ; corolla one half longer than the calyx,
fj . G. Native of the North of Africa, and probably of Egypt ;
in Persia, between Kerniancha and Amadan, Olivier. Leaves
scarcely an inch long. Corolla silky outside. Tomentum floc-
cose.
Injlaied-ca\yy.ed Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
96 S. INTEGRIFOLIA (Vahl, herb, ex Benth. lab. p. 562.) suf-
fruticose ; branches tomentosely woolly ; leaves nearly sessile,
oblong, bluntish, quite entire, or with a few crenatures at apex,
narrowed at the base, green ; whorls 6-10-flowcrcd, distinct;
bracteas linear, shorter than the calyxes ; calyx ovate-tubular,
sessile, densely clothed with wool, having linear obtuse mutic
teeth ; corolla one half longer than the calyx. (j . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Betonica Heraclea, Lin. mant. p.
5 O
831
LABIATiE. LXXXI. Stachys.
83. Plil^mis parvifolia, Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1232. trav. p.
225. Sideritis, Thunh. prod. p. 95. Leaves h an inch long,
beset with rather stellate wool while young, but the adult ones
are nearly glabrous ; floral leaves longer, and more densely to-
mentose. Corolla pubescent.
Entire-leaved Hedge Nettle. Shrub.
Sect. VIII. Ziete'nia (probably so named after some obsciire
botanist.) Benth. lab. p. 562. Zietenia and Stachys species
of authors. Under-shrubs, woolly from white soft hairs, rarely
glabrous. Bracteas small or few. Whorls 2-6-flowered. Ca-
lyxes woolly or glabrous, witli subulate usually spinose teeth.
97 S. LAVANDUL.EFOLiA (Vahl, symb. 1. p. 42.) sufFruticose,
pilose ; cauline leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, quite entire,
narrowed at both ends ; floral leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate ;
whorls 2-6-flowered: teeth of calyx linear, mutic, longer than
the tube, exceeding the corolla. h . H. Native of Caucasus,
in dry stony places. Zietenia orientalis, Gled. act. berol. 1766.
p. 3. Sideritis calycantha, Bieb. fl. cauc. 3. p. 393. Rchb.
icon. hot. eur. 1. p. 17. t. 15. — A humble, spreading, procum-
bent, canescent shrub. Sterile branches erect, leafy. Leaves
bluntish. Corolla purple, shorter than the calycine teeth.
Lavender-leaved Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub procumbent.
98 S. mucrona'ta (Sieb. pi. cret. exs. ex Benlh. lab. p. 563.)
suff'ruticose, much branched, woolly from long loose hairs ;
leaves petiolate, oblong, crenated, wrinkled ; whorls 2-4-flow-
ered ; calyx campanulate, with long, rather spinose teeth, which
exceed the corolla. fj . H. Native of Candia. Leaves 1 inch
long : floral ones sessile. Whorls distinct. Limb of corolla
very villous.
Mucronate Hedge Nettle. Shrub \ foot.
99 S. spiNosA (Lin. syst. 3. p. 58.) sufFruticose, hoary from
silky adpressed hairs, much branched ; branches spinescent at
apex ; leaves sessile, linear, quite entire ; whorls 2-flowered ;
calyx campanulate, with lanceolate spinose teeth, which are
equal in lengtli to the corolla. h . H. Native of Candia.
This differs from <S'. glutinhsa, in the leaves, branches, and
calyxes being clothed with silky wool ; in the branches being
spinescent, and in the larger corollas. — Park, theatr. 476. t. 48.
f. 6.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 382. sect. 11. t. 10. f. 9.
(S^jmose-branched Hedge Nettle. Fl. July. Clt. 1640.
Shrub 1 foot. ?
100 S. GLUTINOSA (Lin. spec. p. 813.) suffruticose, glabrous,
much branched ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, almost quite entire,
narrowed at the base ; whorls about 2-flowered ; calyx campa-
nulate, glabrous, with equal ovate very acute rather spinose
teeth ; corolla clothed with silky pubescence outside : tube
about equal in length to the calycine teeth. Tj . H. Native of
Corsica, on hills ; and of Candia, &c. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 389.
sect. 11. t. 4. f. 17.? Leaves of the spinescent branches an
inch long, on short petioles, furnished with a few scattered
hairs, the rest glabrous : superior ones sessile. Flowers on
short pedicels. Corolla almost white.
C/ammi/ Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1729. Shrub
1 foot.
101 S. FRUTicuLosA (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 51.) suffruticose,
divaricately branched at the base ; brandies rather pilose ;
leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, or linear, subdenticulated,
green on both surfaces, glabrous : floral ones conforming to the
others ; whorls 2-flowered ; calycine teeth lanceolate, very
acute, somewhat spinose, rather shorter than the tube ; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx. f; . H. Native of Eastern
Caucasus and Iberia, in stony places of mountains. Leaves \
to 1 inch long, with remote short toothlets. Corolla pale
purple.
Fruticulose Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 1 foot. ?
•f- Sjiecies not sufficiently known.
102 S. BETONic^FOLiA (Desf. cor. in ann. mus. 10. p. 304. t.
25.) villous; leaves cordate, crenated; whorls about 6-flowered ;
calyxes rautic. ©. H. Native of Candia, Tournefort. Stem
erect, branched. Leaves petiolate, wrinkled, obtuse, crenated,
very like those of Betonica officinalis. Whorls distinct, 2-6-
flowered ; floral leaves ovate, a little longer than the calyxes.
Corolla large, white. Perhaps the same as S. spinulosa.
Betony-leaved Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812.
PI. 2 feet.
103 S. scordioi'des (Poir. diet. 7. p. 373.) suffruticose;
leaves lanceolate-linear, almost entire : floral ones spiny-tooth-
ed ; calycine teeth straight, subulate, spinose. Ij . F. Native
of the North of Africa. Branches numerous, divaricate, stiff,
villous. Floral leaves sessile, half stem-clasping, all glabrous.
Whorls interrupted, terminal, 6-9-flowered. Corolla yellowish,
a little longer than the calyx : upper lip flattish, emarginate ;
lobes of lower lip roundish, unequal, subcrenulated. Perhaps a
species of Sidenlis.
Scordium-Uke Hedge Nettle. Shrub humble.
104 S. Oly'mpica (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 226.) villous; stem
simple, straight, stoloniferous ; leaves elliptic, sharply serrated,
ciliated with wool ; cauline leaves distant, spreading at the top
of straight petioles ; spike dense, woolly. 7^..? H. Native of
Mount Olympus, Toscan. Allied to S. nivea. Stem woolly.
Leaves an inch long, obtuse at both ends, whitish-green above,
and woolly beneath. Whorls dense. Teeth of calyx spinose.
Corolla pale yellow, villous outside.
Olympic Hedge Nettle. PI. 1 foot.
105 S. TouRNEFORTii (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 227.) leaves cor-
date-ovate, subcrenated, obtuse ; petioles connate at the base ;
whorls many-flowered ; corolla large, villous outside : tube
length of calyx ; stem tomentose. ■i^.?H. Native of Candia,
near Canea, Tournefort. S. Cretica latifolia, Tourn. inst. p.
186. itin. 1. p. 33. t. 1. This is a beautiful species, with large
rose-coloured flowers. Leaves wrinkled, whitish-green, finely
crenulated, 2-3 inches long, and an inch broad. Corolla with a
whitish tube and a rose-coloured lip.
Tourncforl's Hedge Nettle. PI. 2 feet.
106 S. PILOSA (Nutt. journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 48.)
hairy from pili ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-ovate, acute, ser-
rated ; calyx very pilose, with elongated teeth ; whorls about
6-flowered. Il-IH. Native of North America, in the val-
leys of the Rocky Mountains. Plant humble, robust. Leaves
soft beneath. Flowers rather large, purplish.
Pilose Hedge Nettle. PI. humble.
•f- -j- Doubtful species.
107 S. decu'mbens (Pers. ench. 2. p. 123.) whorls many-
flowered, approximate ; bracteas filiform ; leaves cordate, tooth-
ed ; stem decumbent, villous. 2/.?H. Native country un-
known. Habit of <S'. circinnata. Corolla yellowish. Stem
branched.
Decumbent Hedge Nettle. PI. decumbent.
108 S. venosa (Pers. 1. c.) lower leaves spatulate, obtuse,
crenated, petiolate, veined with red ; cauline leaves sub-rhom-
boid ; stem very villous; calyx smooth, ■y..? H. Native
country unknown.
Veiny-\eEived Hedge Nettle. PI.
109 S. bet/efolia (Pers. 1. c. p. 124.) leaves petiolate, cor-
1
LABIATiE. LXXXI. Stachys. LXXXII. Siiiacele.
835
date, deeply crenated ; spike compact, villous. lt.?H. Na-
tive country unknown.
Beet-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI.
110 S. BARBiGERA (Viv. fl. cors. append. 2. p. 4.) hairy;
stem ascending ; leaves cordate-elliptic, crenulated ; floral leaves
ovate, acute, equalling the calyxes ; bracteas ovate-linear ;
whorls 6-10-flowered ; calyxes regular, spinulose ; corolla
woolly outside ; middle segment of the beard obovate, acute :
lateral segments linear, obtuse, and twice as long as the middle
lobe. 1(:.?H. Native of Corsica. This differs from 5. iaii-
dntha, in habit, shape, and length of the floral leaves, co-
rolla, &:c.
Beard-bearing Hedge Nettle. PI.
111 S. MARRUBiiioLiA (Viv. fl. cors. app. 1. c.) hairy from
spreading pili ; stem braehiate ; leaves cordate, roundish-ovate,
crenated ; floral leaves ovate and elliptic, spinulose at apex ;
whorls 6-flowered ; corolla purple ; lateral lobes of lower lip
short, the middle lobe and upper lip emarginate. 1/.? H.
Native of Corsica.
Hore/iound-leaved Hedge Nettle. PI.
112 S. Valenti'na (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 18.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, subcordate, hairy ; whorls 6-7-flowered :
upper ones sterile. 5/.? H. Native of Spain, on hills in the
province of Valentia, near Enguera.
Vakntia Hedge Nettle. PL
113 S. stenophy'lla (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 734.) suflruticose,
rather hairy ; branches twiggy ; leaves linear, 3-nerved : lower
ones sub-lanceolate, unidentate on both sides ; whorls leafy ;
calyxes pungent. Tq . H. Native of the South of Spain.
Sideritis linearifolia. Lam. ?
Narrow-leaved Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 1 foot.
114 S. glauce'scens (Mussin. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 736.)
stem erect, villous ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, hairy
on both surfaces ; whorls leafless, spicate ; segments of calyx
divaricate, pungent. 1/.?H. Native of Caucasus.
Glaucescent Hedge Nettle. PI.
115 S. biflora (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
155.) Nothing is hardly known of this plant.
Tno-fowered Hedge Nettle. PI.
Cult. Very few of the species are w^orth cultivating for orna-
ment, most of them having a weedy appearance. They will all
grow in any common garden soil ; the herbaceous perennial spe-
cies are readily increased by dividing at the root in spring or
autumn. The seeds of annual kinds only require to be sown in
spring, in the open border. Some of the smaller species, as S.
Corsica, do well in pots among other alpine plants. The hardy
shrubby species, as S. lavandulcejolia, are well fitted for deco-
rating rockwork ; these are readily increased by cuttings, under
a hand-glass, or by seeds. The greenhouse species require the
treatment of other greenhouse plants.
LXXXn. SPHA'CELE (from aipuKoc, sphakos, sage ; simi-
larity.) Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1289. lab. p. 5G7. — Phy-
toxys, Molina. — Sideritis species, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 2. p. 307.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx carapanulate,
usually widened in the fructiferous state, irregularly somewhat
10-nerved, and reticulately veined, with an equal mouth, which
is naked inside, deeply 5-toothed : teeth nearly equal, or scarcely
somewhat dejected into two lips. Corolla witli an ample, inclosed,
or exserted tube, which is furnished with a pilose ring inside at
the base : limb short, scarcely bilabiate ; lobes broad-roundish,
erectly spreading : upper ones sub-bifid : lateral ones entire :
lower one larger, and emarginate. Stamens 4, ascending, nearly
equal, or didynainous : lower ones the longest ; filaments gla-
brous, naked ; anthers sub-approximate, 2-celled : cells linear,
distinct, diverging. Style somewhat equally bifid at top : lobes
subulate, stigmatiferous at apex. Achenia dry, smooth. — Sub-
shrubs or shrubs. Leaves buUately wrinkled, often cancscent
beneath : floral ones bractea-formed, rarely nearly similar to
the cauline leaves. Whorls 2-C-flowered. Racemes simple or
branched, terminal. This genus is allied to Stachys, with the
leaves of Salvia.
1 S. sALVi^i'OLlA (Benth. lab. p. 567.) shrubby ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, bullate above, and ca-
nescent beneath, as well as the branches ; whorls many-flowered,
secund, crowded into a terminal, rather branched, spike-formed
raceme ; corolla rather shorter than the calyx, h . G. Native
of South America. Sideritis salviaifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. 2. p. 307. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Whorls G-10-flou-
ered. Corolla whitish-blue, equalling the calyx. Calyx hispid,
with lanceolate, subulate teeth. Bracteas very minute.
Sage-leaved Sphacele. Shrub.
2 S. bulla'ta (Benth. lab. p. 568.) shrubby ; branches and
under sides of leaves clothed with hoary tomentum, glabrous
above, and rugosely blistered, oblong, obtuse, cordate, crenu-
lated ; flowers about 5-C in a whorl, crowded into a dense spike ;
bracteas ovate, bidentate at apex ; calycine teeth aciniiinately
subulate; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx a little. I; . S.
Native of New Granada, on the Andes between Pasto and Tein-
dala. Sideritis bullata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
306. Shrub much branched, strong-scented. Leaves 2 inches
long. Corollas white.
Blistered-]eaved Sphacele. Shrub.
3 S. panicula'ta (Benth. lab. p. 568.) suflTruticose ; branches
clothed with hairy tomentum ; leaves oblong, sagittately cor-
date, acute, crenately toothed, rugosely blistered above, and gla-
brous, but clothed with fine hoary pubescence beneath ; spikes
panicled ; whorls 6-flowered, approximate ; bracteas ovate, and
are, as well as the calycine teeth, acute. T; . S. Native of
Quito, on the mountains near Tarqui. Sideritis paniculitta, H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 2. p. 307. Shrub strong-scented.
Leaves 3 inches long, and 16 lines broad. Calyx hispid. Co-
rollas white, similar to those of S. bullata.
Panicled Sphacele. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
4 S. calyci'na (Benth. lab. p. 568.) suffruticose ? ; brandies
clothed with soft villi ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, rounded
at the base, a little wrinkled, villous ; racemes nearly simple,
secund ; whorls 2-flowered, remote ; calyx ample, very villous ;
corolla ample, exceeding the calyx a little. Ij . F. Native of
California, Douglas. Leaves 2-3 inches long, irregularly tooth-
ed. Calycine teeth broad-ovate, acute. Corolla white. Upper
floral leaves sessile, bractea-formed, lanceolate, quite entire.
Large-calyxed Sphacele. Shrub.?
5 S. tomentosa (Benth. lab. p. 569.) suffruticose, prostrate;
branches ascending, tomentosely villous ; leaves small, oblong,
roundly subdilated at the base, wrinkled, tomentose on both
surfaces ; racemes loose, secund ; whorls 2-flowered ; corolla
scarcely exceeding the calyx. ^ . G. Native of Peru, at
Cheuchin, Dombey. Leaves i inch long, irregularly and deeply
crenated. Upper floral leaves sessile. Corolla inflated a little,
pale.
Tomentose Sphacele. Shrub prostrate.
6 S. campanula'ta (Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1289. lab.
p. 569.) shrubby; branches divaricate; leaves small, oblong-
lanceolate, narrowed at the base, bullately wrinkled above, and
green, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; racemes
loose, secund ; whorls 2-flovvered ; corollas ample, about twice
as long as the calyx. Ij . G. Native of Chili, near Valparaiso
and Conception. Rosmarinus Chilunsis, Molina, hist. nat. chil.
p. 13.? Dracocephalum chamtcdryoides, Balb. misc. p. 29,
5 o 2
836
LABIATiE. LXXXII. Sphacele, LXXXIII. Lepechinia. LXXXIV. Craniotome. LXXXV. Sideritis.
Algue Laguen, Feuill. chil. 3. t. 1. Phytoxys acidissima, Mo-
lina ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 716. Branchlets tomentosely pubes-
cent. Leaves on short petioles, 5 to 1 inch long. Corollas pale
blue.
Campanulate-calyxed Sphacele. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
7 S. subhasta'ta (Benth. 1. c.) shrubby ; branches tomen-
tose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, truncately subhastate at the
base, green, and bullately wrinkled above, but clothed with
white tomentum beneath ; racemes loose, nearly simple ; whorls
many-flowered ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. (j .
G. Native of Chili, near Valparaiso. Leaves scarcely an inch
long, obtuse, crenulated. Whorls 4-C-flowered. Calycine teeth
linear-subulate. Corolla blue. Stamens a little exserted.
Subliastate-leaved Sphacele. Shrub.
8 S. Lindle'yi (Benth. I. c. lab. p. 570.) shrubby ; branches
clothed with floccose wool ; leaves ovate, cordate at the base,
bullately wrinkled, clothed with white wool beneath ; racemes
simple, dense ; whorls many-flowered ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx. Ij . G. Native of Ciiili, near Valparaiso. Hook,
bot. mag. t. 2993. Stachys Salvise, Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 1226.
Leaves l|^ to 3 inches long. Corollas purplish-violet, more than
an inch long, pubescent outside.
Lindley's Sphacele. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 3 to 4
feet.
9 S. LAMiiFoLiA (Benth. lab. p. 570.) shrubby; branches
clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves on short petioles, ovate,
cordate at the base, villous, wrinkled, of nearly tlie same colour
on both surfaces ; racemes loose, a little branched ; whorls
many-flowered ; corolla much exserted. Tj . G. Native of
Peru, Dombey. Leaves obtuse, crenated, glandular beneath :
floral ones sessile. Whorls 4-6-flowered. Calyx sub-bilabiate,
with setaceously acuminated teeth. Corolla scarlet, almost H
inch long.
Dead Nettle-leaved Sphacele. Shrub.
10 S. sPECiosA (St. Hil. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 570.) shrub-
by ; branches clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, truncately subcordate at the base,
bullately nujch wrinkled above, and rather woolly beneath, but
at length nearly glabrous ; racemes loose, paniculately branch-
ed; whorls 2-flowered; corolla much exserted. I; . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, in shady rocky places on Serra do Papagaio, in
the province of Minas Geraes. Leaves doubly crenulated :
floral leaves small, bractea-formed, acuminated, nearly entire.
Corolla reddish-violet, more than an inch long.
Shotvy Sphacele. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
Cult. The species are free growers, and flowerers. Any
light rich earth will answer them ; and cuttings readily strike
root, with a hand-glass placed over them.
LXXXIIL LEPECHI'NIA (named after John Lepechin,
a Russian botanist.) Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 21. t. 21. Benth.
lab. p. 415. — HorminuiT) species, Ortega.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gijinnos-pirtnia. Calyx inflately
campanulate, reticulately veined, truncate at apex, sub-bila-
biate ; upper lip bidentate ; lower lip tridentate : teeth all
awned ; throat naked inside. Corolla equal in length to the
calyx; tube naked inside; limb bilabiate; upper lip erect,
flattish, emarginate ; lower lip trifid, with flat, entire, rather
spreading lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending : lower 2
the longest; anthers approximate : cells rather parallel. Style
glabrous, almost equally bifid at apex. Achenia dry, sinooth,
black. — Herbs. Whorls many-flowered, remote, or spicate.
1 L. spica'ta (Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 21. t. 21.) stem
erect ; whorls crowded into a terminal spike ; fructiferous calyx
closed. 7/ . F. Native of Mexico, near Ario and Santa Rosa
de la Sierra ; and near Xalapa. Bot. reg. t. 1292. Horminum
caulescens, Orteg. dec. p. 63. Ulricia pyramidata, Jacq. ex
Steud. nora. p. 413. Stem rather hairy. Leaves nearly ses-
sile, 2-6-inches long, ovate, obtuse, crenulated, cuneated at the
base, wrinkled, pubescent, green on both surfaces ; floral leaves
under the spike similar to the others, but smaller ; those in the
spike bractea-formed, equalling the calyxes. Spikes oblong or
sub-globose 1 to 1^ inch long. Calyx pubescent. Corolla
small, yellow.
,S)3tie-flowered Lepechinia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI.
1 to 1^ foot.
2 L. PROCUMBENS (Benth. lab. p. 415.) stems procumbent ;
whorls secund, remote ; fructiferous calyx spreading. 11. F.
Native of Mexico, Karwinski. Branches nearly simple, villous.
Leaves petiolate : lower ones ovate : superior ones oblong ; all
obtuse, crenated, sub- cordate at the base ; lower floral leaves
almost similar to the others, sessile : the upper ones small and
bractea-formed. Whorls 6-10-flowered. Corolla like L. spicala,
but a little longer.
Procumbent Lepechinia. PI. procumbent.
Cult. The species of Lepechinia should be grown in pots in a
rich open earti), or one composed of equal parts of peat sand
and loam. They require the protection of a frame or green-
house in winter, and are readily increased by division and seeds,
and even by cuttings.
LXXXIV. CRANIOTOME (from Kpcweiov, krancion, a
helmet ; and royuij, tome, a section ; probably in reference to
the short g.ilea or helmet.) Rchb. icon. bot. exot. 1. p. 30.
Benth. lab. p. 704.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate, some-
what globose after florescence, equal, 5-toothed ; throat con-
tracted, villous inside. Corolla with an exserted tube, and a
bilabiate limb : the upper lip very short and concave, entire :
the lower lip longer, spreading, and trifid ; the lateral segments
short. Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous, shorter than the co-
rolla : lower ones longest. Anthers 2-celled ; cells at length
divaricate. Style about equally bifid at top. Stigmas minute.
Achenia dry, smooth.
1 C. VERsi'coLOR (Rchb. 1. c. t. 54.) 1/. H. Native of
Nipaul, Kamaon, and Silhet, &c. Nepeta versicolor, Trev. in
nov. act. acad. nat. cur. 13. p. 183. Anisomeles Nepalensis,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 706. A juga furcata, Link, enum. 2. p. 99.
Herb erect, branched. Branches pilose. Leaves petiolate,
ovate, acuminated, crenated, cordate at the base, hispid from
pili on both surfaces. Uppermost floral leaves bractea-formed.
Cymes loose, many-flowered, pedunculate, racemose. Racemes
slender, panicled. Flowers minute, elegantly variegated with
white, red, and purple. Calyx pubescent.
Party-coloured-Cowered Craniotome. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt.
1824. PI. 4 to 6 feet. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Lepechinia, above.
LXXXV. SIDERITIS (of Pliny, and Si%(ric of Diosco-
rides ; from atSt^po^, sideros, iron ; so named on account of its
fancied property of healing flesh wounds.) Tourn. inst. t. 90.
Lin. gen. no. 712. Schreb. gen. no. 966. Juss. gen. p. 113.
Benth. lab. p. 570. — Hesiodia, Burgsdorffia, and Marrubiastrum,
Mcench — Empedoclea, Rafin. — Navicularia, Fabr.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 5-10-
nerved : teeth erect, rather spinose, sometimes equal, and some-
times the upper one is very broad, or the 3 upper ones are
almost joined into an upper lip. Corolla with an inclosed tube,
LABIAT^E. LXXXV. Sideriti
837
which is naked or annulate inside, and a bilabiate limb ; upper
lip erect, Hattisli, entire, or einarginatcly bilid ; lower lip spread-
ing, trilid, the middle lobe the broadest, and usually emarginate.
Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed ; the upper 2 very short,
bearing 2-celled anthers : the cells divaricate ; the 2 lower ones
longer, bearing dimidiate or difforraed empty anthers, rarely
conforming to the superior anthers. Style inclosed, bifid at
top ; upper lobe terete, truncate, stigmatiferous at top : lower
lobe dilated, clasping the superior one at the base, stigmatiferous
on the top and edges. Achenia dry, obtuse at apex, not trun-
cate.— Herbs, shrubs, and under-shriibs. Whorls G, or many-
flowered, axillary, racemose or s])icatc. Floral leaves sometimes
almost similar to the cauline leaves : upper ones minute, some-
times bractea-formed, dilated, and clasping the flowers, with
quite entire or spiny-toothed margins. Corollas small, usually
yellowish.
Sect. I. Marrubia'strum (from jl/arr!t6mm, horehound ; and
astruni, an aflixed signification, like ; plants with the habit of
Mairubium.) Moench, meth. 3d\. Bentli. lab. p. 573. Shrubs
clothed with soft wool, generally white. Floral leaves green,
quite entire or erenated, nearly similar to the lower cauline ones,
but much smaller ; uppermost ones minute.
1 S. iMassonia'na (Benth. lab. p. 573.) clothed with white
dense adpressed wool ; leaves oblong, subcordate at the base,
thick, clothed with white wool on both surfaces or only beneath ;
racemes panicled ; whorls few-Howered. h . G. Native of
Madeira, Masson. Allied to <S'. Cietica, but the leaves are nar-
rower and scarcely erenated, and the upper surfaces of the leaves
less woolly. Whorls 4-10-flowered, interruptedly racemose.
Corollas yellow. ?
Masson's Ironwort. Shrub.
2 S. ca'ndicans (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 289.) clothed with ad-
pressed dense white wool ; leaves ovate, erenated, a little trun-
cate at the base, cordate, thick, clothed with adpressed wool on
both surfaces, white beneath ; racemes simple ; whorls few-
flowered. I7 . G. Native of Teneriffe. S. Cretica, Lin. spec,
p. 801.— Comm. hort. 2. p. 197. t. 99. Habit of S. Canarien-
sis, but the wool is white. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Whorls
usually 10-flowered; lower ones distant. Corolla yellow, scarcely
exceeding the calyx, pale yellow, or dirty white.
Whitened Ironwort. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1714. Shrub 2
to 3 feet. ?
3 S. macrosta'chyos (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 381.) clothed with
dense white adpressed wool ; leaves ovate, subcordate at the
base, green above, and very white beneath ; whorls many- flow-
ered, imbricated into a thick very dense spike. fj . G. Native
of the Canary Islands, Poiret, Masson. Corollas exceeding the
calyx a little. Upper surfaces of leaves nearly glabrous.
Long-spikcd Ironwort. Shrub.
4 S. CANARit'Nsis (Lin. spec. p. 573.) clothed with villous
wool ; leaves ovate, erenated, cordate at the base, thick, wrin-
kled, veiny beneath, and clothed with velvety wool on both sur-
faces; racemes simple ; whorls many-flowered, distinct. Ij . G.
Native of the Canary Islands. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 18. t. 30.
Marrubiastrum tomentosum, Mcench, meth. p. 391. — Pluk.
phyt. t. 322. f. 4. Plant clothed with rather floccose yellowish
white dense wool. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Whorls dense, 20-
30-flowered. Corolla yellowish, scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Style often 4-5 cleft, and the ovarium 8-10 parted, in the
gardens.
Canary I iland Ironwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1697. Shrub
3-6 feet.
Sect. II. Empedoclea (the name of an ancient philosopher.)
Benth. lab. p. 574. — Empedoclea, Rafin. Caratt. ex Guss.
Small shrubs or perennial herbs, woolly at the base. Floral
leaves quite entire, clasping the sessile flowers..
5 S. Syri'aca (Lin. spec. p. 801.) suff"ruticose, clothed with
white wool ; leaves thick, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the
base : lower ones crenulated : floral leaves cordate at the base,
quite entire, equalling the calyxes. I^ . F. Native of Candia
and Palestine. Rchb. icon. bot. exot. 1. p. 42. t. 57. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 41. t. 550. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 40.
The whole plant is clothed with white wool. Whorls 6-10-
flowered. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, yellow, clothed
with silky villi outside.
<S?/)i«;i Ironwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1597. Shrub 1 to
Ig foot.
6 S. Tau'rica (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 43.) suffruticose, clothed
with white wool ; leaves thick, oblong-hmceolate, or spatulate,
narrowed at the base : lower ones crenulated, clothed w ith dense
white wool on both surfaces : floral leaves very broadly cordate,
acuminated, quite entire, reticulately veined, clothed with loose
wool, greenish ; calycine teeth lanceolate, mutic. 1; . H. Native
of Tauria, on calcareous mountains. Bieb. cent. pi. rar. ross.
1. t. 39. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 4. p. 61. t. 384. S. Syriaca,
Pall. ind. taur. but not of Lin. S. incana, Habliz, taur. p. 148,
but not of Lin. Nearly allied to -S*. Syriaca. Corollas yellow.
Taurian Ironwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 to
1| foot.
7 S. Si'cula (Ucria, ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 2. p. 85.) suffruti-
cose, clothed with white wool ; leaves thick, oblong-spatulate,
narrowed at the base : low er leaves crenulated, woolly on both
surfaces : floral ones very broadly cordate, acuminated, quite
entire, reticulately veined, clothed with loose wool, green, about
twice as long as the calyxes ; calycine teeth lanceolate-subulate,
very acute, rather spinescent. h , F. Native of the South of
Europe ; as of Spain, Italy, .Sicily. S. Briltia, Tenore, fl. nap.
2. p. K). Euqjedoclea montana, Rafin. Caratt. p. 78. S. de-
ciimbens, Moench, meth. p. 390. ? Navicularia Heisteri, Fa-
bric. Very nearly allied to S. Syriaca. Corollas yellow.
Sicilian Ironwort. Shrub 1| to 2 feet.
8 S. Libanotica (Labill. icon. pi. syr. rar. 4. p. 13. t. S.)
suff'ruticose ; branches simple, glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong,
serrated, tonicntose ; whorls distant ; bracteas ovate, acuminated,
reticulately veined ; calycine segments mucronate. ^ . F. Na-
tive of Mount Lebanon. Floral leaves sessile. Whorls 4-8-
flowered. Bracteas length of calyxes. Calyx pilose. Corolla
pale yellow, pilose, the tube length of calyx.
Lebanon Ironwort. Shrub 1 to 1 'r foot.
9 S. pu'li.ulans (Vent. hort. eels. t. 98.) suffruticose ; stem
rather woolly at the base, green and pubescent above, divaricately
branched; leaves ovate-lanceolate, half stem-clasping, stiff, reti-
culately veined, green on both surfaces, pubescent or canescent
from loose wool : floral leaves broadly cordate, acun]inated,
twice as long as the flowers ; caly.x green, with subulate spinose
teeth. I^ . F. Native of Syria, on mountains near Jerusalem
and Nazareth, Bove. Leaves 2-3 inches long ; floral ones 1 to
l4 inch long. Whorls 6- 10-flowered. Corolla pubescent out-
side. Perhaps only a variety of S. Libanotica.
Sprouting Ironwort. Shrub.
10 S. du'ra (Benth. lab. p. 570.) suffruticose; stem clothed
with white wool; leaves sessile, half stem-clasping, lanceolate,
acute, quite entire, stiff, rather woolly from hoary villi on both
surfaces : floral leaves broad-cordate, equalling the calyxes, quite
entire, acuminated; calyx clothed with soft villi, with soft mutic
teeth. F,i . F. Native country unknown. Hnh\to( S. Syriaca,
but the form of the leaves is diflerent, the whole plant is less
woolly, and the whorls more numerous and more remote. Whorls
about 6-flowered. Floral leaves very concave.
Hard Ironwort. Shrub.
838
LABIATE. LXXXV. Sideritis.
11 S. PERFOLiATA (Liii. spec. p. 802.) suffiuticose, hardly
woolly at the base ; stem pilose, green ; leaves half stem-clasp-
ing, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, greenish on both surfaces, and
furnished with soft villi, rather veiny : floral leaves very broadly
cordate, acuminated, reticulately veined, green on both surfaces,
twice as long as the leaves ; calyx green, pilose, with lanceolate-
subulate very acute scarcely spinose teeth. ^ . F. Native of
the South of Europe ; as of Spain, Sicily, and the Levant,
Leaves 1^ to 2 inches long, quite entire or few-toothed, often
connate at the base ; floral leaves very much dilated, boat-shaped
at the base. Corolla yellow, hardly exceeding the calycine teeth.
Pe)foli(ite-\eaved Ironwort. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1731.
Shrub 1 to U foot.
12 S. Di'sTANS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 66.) suffruticose, hoary;
leaves lanceolate, quite entire, acute ; whorls distant ; floral
leaves cordate, acuminated, mucronate, reticulated, nerved, tj .
F. Native of the Levant. Very nearly allied to S. Taurica,
from which it differs in the acute, less tomentose, quite entire,
leaves, very remote whorls, and glabrous, mucronate bracteas, &c.
Tube of corolla longer than the calyx ; middle lobe of lower lip
obtuse, not emarginate as in S. Taurica.
Z)ii/an<-whorled Ironwort. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
13 S. RUGo'sA (Poir. suppl, 2. p. 383.) sufFruticose ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, wrinkled, a little toothed, clothed with
hoary tomentum ; whorls distant ; floral leaves entire, and are,
as well as the calyxes acuminated and tomentosely pilose at apex ;
branches strict. Ij . F. Native of Syria, Labillardiere. S.
rytidea, Spreng. syst. 5. p. 644. Stems slender. Leaves dis-
tant, about an inch long. Calyxes longer than the floral leaves ;
teeth spinose. Corollas yellow. ?
Wrinkled Ironwort. Siirub |^ to 1 foot.
14 S. jEgyi'ti'aca (Pers. ench. 2. p. 117.) leaves ovate, ser-
rated, hoary, the veins beneath rather prominent ; stem terete,
clothed with white tomentum ; whorls clasped by the floral
leaves, fj . ? F. Native of Egypt. Stem tall.
Egyptian Ironwort. Shrub tall.
Sect. III. Eusideri' tis (from tu, eu, well, and Siderilis ; so
named from this section being supposed to contain the true or
legitimate species of the genus.) Benth. lab. p. 577. Small
shrubs, villous or rather woolly from soft hairs or pili ; rarely
nearly glabrous. Floral leaves bractea-formed, sessile, very
broadly cordate, clasping the flowers, reticulately veined, with
spiny-toothed margins. Teeth of calyx equal, spiny. Corolla
exceeding the calycine teeth a little. The species of this section
are closely allied to each other.
15 S. grandiflo'ra (Salzm. pi. tang. exs. ex Benth. lab. p.
577.) sufFruticose ; stem loosely woolly ; leaves oblong, obtuse,
crenated, narrowed a long way at the base, clothed with soft
villi : floial leaves very broad, exceeding the flowers, clothed
with soft villi, bluntly acuminated at top, somewhat spinosely
denticulated on the margins at the base. Tj . F. Native on
hills about Tangiers. Leaves green on both surfaces. Corollas
pale yellow, size of those of Stachys recta ; tube annulate in-
side.
Grent-Jlonercd Ironwort. Shrub 1 to 11 foot.
IC S. ova'ta (Cav. icon. 1. p. 36. t. 48.) suffruticose, ? green,
glabrous or subvillous ; leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, subserrated :
floral leaves very broad, exceeding the flowers, glabrous or with
villous margins, few-veined, with spiny-toothed margins ; whorls
approximate, spicate. ^ . F. Native of Spain. Leaves 1 to
IJ inch long. Whorls 6-flovvered. Corolla cream-coloured;
middle segment of the lower lip crenated.
Otfl/e-leaved Ironwort. Shrub.
17 S. sriNo'sA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 169.) suflTruticose, clothed
with soft villi, greenish ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate,
with serrated subspinose margins : floral leaves broad, acumi-
nated, exceeding the flovv-ers, with spiny-toothed edges, all
clothed with silky villi ; whorls approximate, spicate. ^ . F.
Native of Spain and Barbary. S. serr^ta. Lag. nov. gen. et
spec. p. 18. Stems branched at the base. Corollas pale yellow.
Spinose Ironwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 1 5
foot.
18 S. ilicifo'lia (Willd. enum. p. 606.) suffruticose, nearly
glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with spinosely serrated edges,
a little cut : floral leaves broad, acuminated, exceeding the
flowers, with spiny-toothed margins, all nearly glabrous ; whorls
all remote. f; . F. Native of the Levant and Spain. Leaves
1-2 inches long. Corollas small. Whorls many-flowered, dense.
Lower leaves petiolate ; upper ones sessile.
Holly-leaved Ironwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to
li foot.
19 S. scoRDiofDEs (Lin. spec. p. 803.) suffruticose ; branches
decumbent, ascending or erectish, usually loosely villous, rarely
glabrous ; leaves ovate, oblong or oblong-linear, narrowed at
the base, deeply toothed, mutic or rarely almost entire, pilosely
woolly or glabrous : floral leaves very broad, equalling the ca-
lyxes or hardly longer, with spiny-toothed margins ; whorls
rather villous, rarely glabrous, interruptedly or densely spicate.
fj . H. Native of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean;
as of Spain, South of France, Piedmont, South of Switzerland.
— Barr. icon. 343. — Lob. icon. 528. Very variable in stature
and form of leaves. Corollas pale yellow.
Var. a, gramliflora (Benth. lab. p. 578.) branches erectish,
stiff"; leaves oblong, green, villous, deeply toothed ; whorls large,
subinterruptedly spicate. f; . H. Native among rocks in the
Eastern Pyrenees, near Bagnols, and of Spain. S. subspinosa,
Cav. icon. rar. 3. p. 5. t. 209. S. spinosa, Benth. cat. pi. pyr.
p. 121. but not of Lin.
Var. ft, communis (Benth. lab. p. 578.) branches erectish or
ascending ; leaves obovate-oblong, deeply toothed, villous, ca-
nescent while young ; whorls very spinose, interruptedly spicate.
T; . H. Native of the South of France and Spain in dry, arid
places.
Var. y, elongeita (Benth. lab. p. 578.) branches elongated, as-
cending or erect ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, deeply
toothed, nearly glabrous, green ; whorls interruptedly rarely
densely spicate. ^ . F. Common in gardens ; and probably a
native of Spain. S. hyssopifolia, of vnany authors. S. foe'tida,
Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 382. S. hlrta. Roth, catal. 1. p. 67. S.
hirsitta, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 161. S. fruticulosa, Pourr. act. tol.
3. p. 328.
J'ar. c, alptna (Benth. lab. p. 578.) branches short, decum-
bent ; leaves oblong-ovate, few-toothed, clothed with hoary villi
or at length glabrous ; whorls densely or subinterruptedly spi-
cate. I7 . H. Native of the higher Pyrenees and Piedmont.
S. alpina, Vill. fl. dauph. 2. p. 373. S. Pyrenaica, Poir. suppl.
2. p. 383. S. crenata, Lapeyr. hist. abr. pi. pyr. p. 331.
Far. f, glahrata (Benth. lab. p. 578.) branches ascending ;
leaves oblong-ovate, few-toothed or quite entire, nearly glabrous;
whorls densely or subinterruptedly spicate. Tj . H. Native
along with var. ^. S. hyssopifolia, of many authors.
Var. (, angustifolia, (Benth. lab. p. 578.) leaves oblong-linear,
nearly glabrous. I^ • H. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees. S.
hyssopifolia, Lin. spec. 803. Schkuhr, handb. 2. t. 158. — Bar-
rel, icon. t. 171.
Var. 7], incana, (Benth. cat. pyr. 121. lab. p. 579.) leaves
oblong-linear, clothed with hoary villi. Ij • H. Native of the
Eastern Pyrenees. S. Pyrenaica, Endress. pi. exs. un. itin.
W^urtemb.
Scordium-like Ironwort. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1597. Shrub
i to 1 foot.
LABIAT^E. LXXXV. Sideritis.
839
20 S. leuca'ntha (Cav. icon. 4. p. 2. t. SOt.) suffruticose ;
branches erect, strict, tomentose ; leaves linear, a little tootiied,
nearly glabrous, fascicled in the axils ; spikes interrupted, slen-
der, nearly glabrous : floral leaves very broad, equalling the ca-
lyxes, with spiny-toothed margins. f; . F. Native of Spain, in
calcareous places, on the mountains. Corollas white or pale
yellow.
WhHe-flonered Ironwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub
1 foot.
21 S. pu'ngens (Benth. lab. p. 579.) suffruticose; branches
erect, strict, pubescent ; leaves linear, very acute, pungent, quite
entire, glabrous ; spikes dense, tetragonal : floral leaves very
broad, about twice as long as the calyxes, with deep spiny-toothed
margins. Jj . F. Native of Spain. Spikes almost as in S. ser-
raia, and the habit is that o( S. fee' lens ; but the floral leaves are
different. Leaves an inch long ; lower ones hardly pungent.
Pungent Ironwort. Shrub.
22 S. ARBORE scENs (Salzm. pi. exs. ex Benth. lab. p. 579.)
suffruticose ; branches erect, somewhat bifariously woolly : leaves
oblong-lanceolate, deeply toothed, glabrous : floral leaves very
broad, equalling the calyxes, reticulately veined, rather woolly,
with subspinosely toothed margins ; whorls many-flowered, hairy,
distinct, approximate, subspicate. tj . F. Native of Gibraltar,
Broussonet and Salzmann. Leaves nearly sessile, scarcely an
inch long. Whorls 6-10-flowered, globose. Bracteas orbicular.
Corollas pale yellow.
Arborescent Ironwort. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
23 S. Cavanille'sii (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 18.) rather
hoary ; leaves lanceolate, dentately serrated ; spike elongated ;
wliorls distinct ; bracteas cordately orbicular, spiny-toothed. ^ .
F. Native of Spain, in mountainous places about Madrid and
Old Castile. S. scordioides, Cav. icon. 4. p. 2. t. 303, but not
of Lin. ex Lag. Stems and under surfaces of leaves tomentose,
more or less hoary. Corollas yellow.
Cavanilles's Ironwort. Shrub | to 1 foot.
24 S. hirsu'ta (Lin. spec. p. 803.) suffruticose ; branches
decumbent, very hairy ; leaves oblong-ovate or cuneated, deeply
toothed, narrowed at the base, hairy : floral leaves very broad,
equalling the calyxes, with subspinosely toothed margins ; whorls
globose, very hairy, all remote. h . F. Native of Spain,
France, Provence, Piedmont. Cav. icon. 4. p. 1. t. 302. S. scor-
dioides, var. lanata et latifolia, Benth. cat. pyr. p. 121. S. to-
mentosa, Pourr. act. acad. tol. 3. p. 328. S. Hispanica, Mill,
diet. no. 7. — Sabb. hort. 3. t. 58. Whorls usually more than
10-flowered, an inch distant. Floral leaves scarcely spinose.
Corollas pale yellow.
//fliV?/ Ironwort. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1731. Shrub decum-
bent.
25 S. CHAMa:DRYF6LiA (Cav. icon. 4. p. 1. t. 301.) suffruti-
cose ; branches ascending, rather villous ; leaves oblong or cune-
ated, deeply toothed, narrowed at the base, rather villous : floral
leaves very broad, equalling the calyxes, with subspinosely
toothed margins ; whorls almost glabrous or villous, all remote.
^ . F. Native of Spain. Hardly differing from S. hirsuta,
unless in being more glabrous. Whorls usually smaller, and the
floral leaves larger. Corollas yellow.
Germa7ider-leaved Ironwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub
1 foot.
26 S. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 168.) suffruticose;
branches ascending or erectish, strict, tomentosely pubescent ;
leaves oblong-linear, quite entire, rarely few-toothed, narrowed
at the base : floral leaves very broad, equalling the calyxes, with
spiny-toothed margins ; whorls rather villous, all distant. I^ .
F. Native of Spain, in the region of the Mediterranean, and
North of Africa, in sandy places near Mascar. S. incana, Cav.
icon. rar. 2. p. 69. t. 186. S. angustifolia. Lam. diet. 2. p. 168.
Lag. nov. gen. et. spec. p. 18. S. linearifolia. Lag. nov. gen. et
spec. p. 18.? Allied to S. scordioides, var. angustijulia and
S. incana. Leaves always sessile. Corollas yellow.
Narrow-leavcdlronwori. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shb. 1 ft.
27 S. tragori'ganum (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 18.) suffruti-
cose ; branches ascending or erectish, toinentosely woolly ; leaves
oblong-linear, obtuse, quite entire, narrowed at the base, rather
woolly : floral leaves very broad, equalling the calyxes, spiny-
toothed ; whorls rather villous, interruptedly spicate. W . F.
Native of Spain, in the kingdoms of Murcia and Valentia. S.
suffruticosa. Mill. diet. no. 4.? Calyxes glabrous or villous, not
woolly. Corollas yellow.
Goat-marjoram Ironwort. Shrub 1 foot. ?
28 S. iNCA^NA (Lin. spec. p. 802.) suflVuticose ; branches
clothed with white wool or tomentum ; leaves oblong-linear, ob-
tuse, quite entire, clothed with white wool on both surfitces, es-
pecially while young: floral leaves very broad, somewhat palma-
tifid, shorter than the calyxes, rather spinose ; whorls distant ;
calyxes clothed with white wool. ^' . F. Native of Spain.
S. virgata, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 15. t. 126. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 77.
t. 67. f. 2. 1 Habit of Lavandula splca. Leaves ^ to Ij inch
long. Whorls about 6-flowered. Corollas yellow.
Hoary Ironwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
29 S. SERi'cEA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 118. Benth. lab. p. 741.)
suffruticose, clothed with white wool ; leaves oblong-linear or
spatulate, obtuse, quite entire, densely clothed with white wool
on both surfaces : floral leaves subpalmatifid, shorter than the
calyxes, subspinose ; whorls distant ; calyx clothed with white
wool. Ij . F. Native of Spain. Nearly allied to S. incana,
but the wool is much more dense, and the floral leaves shorter,
and scarcely toothed.
Silky Ironwort. Shrub.
30 S. GLAu'cA (Cav. icon. 2. p. 68. t. 185.) suffruticose, gla-
brous, glaucescent ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, quite entire :
floral leaves broad, obtuse, quite entire or a little toothed, rather
shorter than the calyxes ; wliorls distant ; calyxes glabrous, with
obtuse teeth. I7 . F. Native of Spain, on the mountains.
Habit of S. incana, but differs from it in being glabrous and
glaucescent, &c. Corollas pale rose-coloured.
Glaucous Ironwort. Shrub.
31 S. fce'tens (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 18.) suffruticose;
leaves linear, glabrous, acute ; spikes dense ; fructiferous calyx
with a bearded throat. Pj . F. Native of Spain. Stem and
branches twiggy, rush-formed, glabrous. Peduncles villous.
Spikes cylindrical, H to 5 inches long; whorls 12-24-flowered.
Corolla white, length of calyx.
Stinkii^g Ironwort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
32 S. LASiANTHA (Pcrs. euch. 2. p. 117.) leaves ovate, with
spinulose teeth ; whorls very villous. Pj . H. Native of Spain.
S. Hispanica foetidissinia, flore purpurascente, et coma canes-
cente, Tourn. inst. p. 192.
Woolly-flowered Ironwort. Shrub.
33 S. crispa'ta (Willd. enum. p. 606. in a note.) hairy ; leaves
oblong-cuneated, toothed, undulated, tomentose beneath : brac-
teas orbicular, spiny-toothed ; whorls distant. Ij . ? F. Native
of Gibraltar. Leaves small, undulated.
Curled-\t3.\edi Ironwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub
\\ foot.
Sect. IV. Hesiodia (probably from Hesiodus, the name of
an ancient poet.) Benth. lab. p. 582. Hesiodia, Burgsdorffia
and Marrubiastrum species, Moench, meth. Greenish annual
herbs, rather woolly from soft pili. Floral leaves almost similar
to the cauline ones, but smaller, a little toothed ; teeth mutic.
Teeth of calyx sometimes all nearly equal, the 3 upper ones
somewhat connected at the base, obscurely bilabiate ; sometimes
the upper tooth is very large, with the lower ones all narrow,
and about equal. Corolla usually shorter than the calycine teeth.
840
LABIATE. LXXXV. Sideritis. LXXXVI. Marrubium.
34. S. lana'ta (Lin. spec. p. SO^.) annual, clothed with soft
wool-like hairs; leaves ovate, rounded at the base: floral leaves
ovate, crenulated ; calyx woollj', greenish, sub-bilabiate, with
lanceolate-subulate acuminately subspinose teeth, the upper tooth
twice the size of the lower ones. ©. H. Native of the region
of the Mediterranean, as of Candia, Leri, Syria, &c. S. elegans,
Murr. nov. comrn. goett. 1778. t. 4. S. nigricans, Pers. ench.
2. p. 117. Lam. diet. 2. p. 167. Marrubiastrum elegans,
Mcench, meth. p. 391. Habit of Stachys annua. Plant densely
pilose. Leaves 1 to 1| inch long. Corolla yellowish at the base ;
lips black at apex.
Woolly Ironwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1787. PI. \ to 1 foot.
i)5 S. purpu'rea (H. F. Talbot, fl. corf. ined. ex Benth. lab.
p. 742.) annual, very villous, green ; leaves oblong-ovate : lower
floral leaves toothed : upper ones ovate- lanceolate, acute, almost
quite entire ; calyx pilose, with aristately mucronate teeth, the
upper tooth very large, ovate, the lower ones lanceolate-subu-
late ; galea of corolla oblong, purplish. 0. H. Native of the
islands, Corfu and Zante, Talbot. Sideritis Cretica, maxima,
Ocimi Valentini facie, Tourn. This differs from S. Romana in
being more densely beset with long hairs, and particularly in the
purple, not yellow, corollas ; and the galea is longer and much
narrower.
Purpte-HoviereA Ironwort. PI. ^ foot.
36 S. Roma'na (Lin. spec. p. 802.) annual, clothed with soft
rather woolly pili, green ; leaves oblong-ovate : floral leaves
ovate-lanceolate, toothed ; calyx nearly glabrous, with aristately
mucronate teeth, the upper tooth large and ovate, and the lower
teeth lanceolate-subulate. ©. H. Native of the region of the
Mediterranean, in cultivated and waste places ; as of Spain,
France, Italy, Sicily, Grecian Islands, Syria, &c. Cav. icon. 2.
p. 69. t. 187. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 43. t. 552. S.
spatulata, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 377. Burgsdorflia rigida, Moench,
meth. p. 392. Burgsdorffia, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. Stems
branched at the base, ascending, clothed with long soft villi like
the rest of the plant. Whorls 6-flovvered, distant. Corolla
yellowish.
Roman Ironwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1740. PI. i foot.
37 S. approxima'ta (Gasp, in Guss. prod. fl. sic suppl. p.
191.) brnctless, very villous; leaves oblong, crenately toothed,
tapering into the petioles : floral leaves equalling the calyxes ;
whorls all approximate into elongated spikes; teeth of calyx spi-
nose, pungent: upper tooth ovate. 0 H. Native of Sicily,
near Seceiara, in maritime pastures, Gasparini. Habit of S.
Romana.
^pproximate-Rov/ered Ironwort. PI. i foot. ?
38 S. monta'na (Lin. spec. p. 802.) annual, ascending; stem
hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
narrowed at the base : floral FIG. 83.
leaves awned, a little toothed ;
calyx green, nearly glabrous,
sub-bilabiate; teeth all ovate,
aristately mucronate, at length
spreading. 0. H. Native of
the South of Europe and Middle
Asia, in cultivated fields ; as of
the South of France, Italy, Si-
cily, Dalmatia, Syria, Tauria,
Caucasus, Altaia, &:c. Jacq. fl.
austr. 6. p. 16. t. 434. Hesiodia
bicolor, Moench, meth. 392.
Hesiodia montana, Dumort, fl.
bclg. p. 44.^ — Colum. ecphr. 1.
p. 198. t. 196. Habit of S.
Romana, but taller, the whorls
more numerous, tlie calycine
teeth all nearly equal ; the 3 superior teeth less deeply cut
than the lower ones. Corollas yellow, with a ferruginous mar-
gin ; upper lip entire, rather concave (fig. 83.)
Mountain Ironwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. i to 1
foot.
39 S. remota (D'Urv. enum. pi. arch, in mem. soc. Lin. par.
p. 322.) annual ; branches elongated, divaricate, rather villous
or woolly; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base : flo-
ral leaves obtuse, mutic, a little toothed ; calyx clothed with
loose wool, sub-bilabiate : teeth all ovate-lanceolate, aristately
mucronate, at length spreading. ©. H. Native of the Grecian
Islands and Syria. S. lanata, Hochst. et Steud. pi. exs. but not
of Lin. S. montana, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 42. t. 551,
but not of Lin. Very nearly allied to S. montana, but the
habit is stronger, and the calyxes are clothed with white loose
wool, not with long pili as in it.
Remote Ironwort. PI. | to 1 foot.
-]■ Species not sufficiently known.
40 S. TOMENTosA (Ucria, pi. ad Lin. Opus. add. no. 15. ex
Guss. prod. fl. sic. suppl. 192.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed,
hoary; flowers verticillately spicate ; spikes leafy. ©. ? H.
Native of .Sicily.
Tomentose Ironwort. PI. ?
41 S. ROSEA (Desf. cor. Tourn. in ann. mus. 10. p. 302. t.
24.) villous ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, sessile, crenated ;
flowers twin, axillary; calyxes mutic. ©.? H. Native of
Egypt. Plant canescent from adpressed tomentum, with the
habit and leaves of Tcticrium Scordium. Leaves 6-10 lines long,
and 4-5 broad. Flowers nearly sessile. Corolla pale red ; tube
equalling the calyx ; upper lip arched, entire.
/foic-coloured-flowered Ironwort. PI. | to 1 foot.
-|- -(- Doubtful species.
42 S. cili.\'ta (Thunb. fl. jap. 245.) leaves ovate, serrated ;
bracteas ciliated. V.? H. Native of Japan, Thunb. Plant
villous. Leaves petiolate, dotted above, hardly an inch long.
Spikes terminal, lanceolate, erect. Bracteas nearly orbicular,
acuminated, nerved, ciliated, imbricated.
Cj/ia/cf/ Ironwort. PI. 1 to 1 J foot.
43 S. PARViFOLiA (Lam. ill. t. 505. f. 2.) This can hardly be
enumerated as a species.
44 S. prostra'ta (Zucc. ex Steud. nom. p. 776.)
45 S. teucriifolia (Juss. ex Steud. nom. p. 776.)
Cult. All the shrubby species are well fitted for decorating
rockwork ; they prefer a dry chalky or gravelly soil, and are
readily increased by cuttings, seeds, or by division. Those spe-
cies belonging to the first section being natives of the Canary
Islands are properly greenhouse plants. The seeds of annual
kinds only require to be sown in the open ground in Spring in
dry light soil.
LXXXVI. MARRU'BIUM (of Pliny, from the Hebrew viar-
rob, a bitter juice, the species being extremely bitter.) Tourn.
inst. t. 91. Lin. gen. no. 721. Schreb. gen. no. 976. Juss.
gen. p. 114. Benth. lab. p. 585. Lagopsis, Bunge.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 5-10-
nerved, equal; teeth 5-10, acute, rather spinose, nearly equal,
erect or often spreading at maturity. Corolla with an inclosed
tube, which is naked inside or somewhat annulated, and a bilabi-
ate limb ; upper lip erect, flattish or concave, entire or shortly
bifid ; lower lip spreading, trifid, the middle lobe the broadest, and
usually emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, the lower ones the
longest, inclosed within the tube of the corolla ; anthers 2-celled :
cells divaricate, sub-confluent, all nearly similar. Style bifid at
LABIAT.'E. LXXXVI. Marrubium.
841
top ; lobes short, obtuse, stifitmatiferous at apex. Aclienia dry,
obtuse, not truncate at apex. — Perennial, usually tomentose or
woolly herbs. Leaves wrinkled, rarely cordate at the base,
usually cut; floral leaves similar, exceeding the flowers. Whorls
axillary, usually many rarely few-flowered. Bracteas subulate,
exceeding the calyxes, rarely very short, and almost wanting.
Sect. I. Lagopsis (from Xayor, logos, a hare ; and o\pic,
02>ih; resemblance ; application not evident.) Benth. lab. p.
586. Lagopsis, Bunge, mon. gen. raolncc. Teeth of caly.x 5.
Tube of corolla exannulate ; upper lip quite entire. Leaves
roundish, palmatifid.
1 M. iNci'suM (Bcnth. lab. p. 5S6.) leaves roundish, subpal-
mately-lobed, cut, greenish on both surfaces; bracteas setaceous;
calyx glabrous or scarcely tomentose, with 5 setaceous teeth ;
upper lip of corolla oblong, entire. 2/ . H. Native of Siberia,
Dauria, and China, near Pekin. Leoniirus supinus, Willd. spec.
S. p. lie. Plant ascending, pubescent. Whorls 6-10-flowered.
Corollas whitish, villous outside.
CwNleaved Horehound. PI. ^ to j foot.
2 M. eriosta'chyum (Benth. lab. p. 586.) leaves roundish,
))almately lobed, cut, green on both surfaces ; bracteas stiff', subu-
late ; calyx densely woolly, with 5 subidate spinescent teeth ;
upper lip of corolla short, entire. Ti . H. Native of Siberia,
Leonuriis eriostachys, Turcz. mss. Lagopsis viridis, Bunge,
mon. gen. inolucc. ined. Plant ascending, pubescent, but the tops
of the stems are woolly. Leaves 5-7-i)arted ; lobes cut. Whorls
about 10-flowered. Corollas like those of 71/. lanala.
WooHy-spilced Horehound. PI. \ foot.
3 M. lana'tum (Benth. lab. p. 587.) leaves roundish, deeply
lobed, clothed with white wool on both surfaces ; bracteas seta-
ceous ; calyx densely woolly, with 5 subulate subspinescent
teeth; upper lip of corolla short, entire. 1/. H. Native of
Altaia, in exposed stony places at the river Tschuja. Molucella
marrubiastrum, Steph. in mem. soc. niosc. 2. p. 8. Ledeb. fl.
ross. alt. ill. t. 150. Lagopsis incana, Bunge, mon. gen. mo-
lucc. ined. Stems numerous, decumbent, rising from a thick
base, ascending at top. Whorls approximate into oblong, woolly
spikes. Corolla blackish brown, villous outside.
Woolly horehound. PI. decumbent.
Sect. IL Marru^bium (see genus for derivation.) Benth.
lab. p. 587. Teeth of calyx 5-10. Tube of corolla subannu-
late inside ; upper lip emarginate or bifid. Leaves roundish or
ovate, crenated, rarely cut.
4 M. Alv'sson (Lin. spec. p. 815.) leaves roundish, cune-
ated at the base, deeply crenated or lobed, clothed with soft
white villi on both surfaces ; bracteas almost wanting ; calyx
woolly, with 5 stiff spreading teeth ; upper lip of corolla short,
etnarginately bifid. 1^. H. Native of the region of the Medi-
terranean ; as of Spain, Sardinia, Apulia, Egypt, &c. M. plic^-
tum, Forsk. fl. eegypt- arab. p. 213. — Mor. hist. .'3. p. 377. sect.
11. t. 10. f. 12. Stems thick, ascending, woolly. Whorls dis-
tant, 10-15-flowered. Corollas minute, dark purple.
Alysson or Plaited-leaved Horehound. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1597. PI. h to 1 foot.
5 M. Pe'rsicum (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 95.) leaves orbicidar,
crenated, clothed with white wool on both surfaces ; bracteas
almost wanting ; calyx woolly, with 5 stiff spreading teeth ;
upper lip of corolla oblong. 1/. H. Native of Persia, in dry
stony places on theTalusch mountains near Swant. Habit, leaves,
and inflorescence nearly of M. vulgare, but is clothed with white
wool in all parts. Flowers more numerous in the whorls than in
M. Alijsson. Corolla a little larger.
Persian Horehound. PI. i to 1 foot.
6 M. ca:RULE'scENs (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 3. p. 395.) stems
VOL. IV.
tall, clothed with white wool ; leaves ovate, crenated at apex,
scarcely wrinkled, green above, canescent beneath ; outer brac-
teas shorter than the calyxes ; calyx clothed with white wool,
with 5 subulate straight spreading teeth ; galea of corolla oblong,
bifid at ajjex. 1/ . H. Native of Persia. Leaves form of those
of 71/. Astrac&nicum, clothed with white tomentum or wool be-
neath while young, but almost glabrous in the adult state. Co-
rollas blue.
Blueish-^ovicrcA Horehound. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 AL catari.t'.folium (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 717.) stems
clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate, crenated, a little
wrinkled, pubescent, canescent beneath ; outer bracteas shorter
than the calyxes ; calyx clothed with hoary tomentum, with 5
short stiff spreading recurved teeth ; galea oblong, bifid at apex.
If. H. Native of Cappadocia. Nearly allied to M. Aslrdcani-
cum, but more erect, more branched, and clothed with hoary to-
mentum, never woolly nor villous. Whorls more numerous and
smaller, as well as the flowers. Corollas white.
Cat-mint-leaved Horehouivi. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
8 M. Astraca'nicum (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 11. t. 109.) stems
loosely villous, rather woolly ; leaves ovate, crenated at top,
bullately wrinkled, green and villous on both surfaces, or
scarcely canescent beneath ; outer bracteas shorter than the ca-
lyxes ; calyx pubescent, with 5 short acute straight or subre-
curved teeth; galea of corolla oblong, bifid at apex. li. H.
Native of the Levant ; Persia, on the higher Talusch mountains ;
and Cashmere, but not about Astracan. Rchb. icon. hot. eur. 3.
p. 61. t. 270. Intermediate between 71/. candidissimum and M.
leomiroides. Lower parts of stems and lower leaves clothed
with long soft hairs. Whorls dense, many-flowered. Corolla
blue or white.
Astracan Horehoimd. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1^
to 2 feet.
9 M. LEONUROi^DES (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 715.) stems ra-
ther woolly ; leaves ovate or romidish, coarsely and deeply cre-
nated, clothed with soft pubescence, canescent beneath or on
both surfaces ; outer bracteas scarcely shorter than the calyxes ;
calyx clothed with white wool, with 5 subulate recurvedly spread-
ing teeth ; galea of corolla oblong, bifid at apex. If.. H. Na-
tive of Caucasus and near Astracan. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p.
84. t. 299. M. Astracanicum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 52. ? and of
many other authors. M. affine, Horn. hort. hafn. p. 556. Lower
leaves roundish ; superior ones ovate. Whorls size of those of
71/. vulgare. Corollas bhieish purple.
Leonitrus-like Horehound. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1819. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
10 1\L PLUMOSUM (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 96.) leaves round-
ish, deeply lobed, clothed with short villi on both surfaces, rather
canescent ; calyx clothed with soft villi, with 5 teeth, which are,
as well as the bracteas subulate and plumose ; galea of corolla
bifid at apex. l/.H. Native of Caucasus. Whorls distant,
many-flowered, nearly an inch in diameter. Corolla scarcely
longer than the calycine teeth.
/ea//icr!/-bractead Horehound. PI. ascending.
11 M. veluii'num (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 49. t. 561.)
branches elongated, tomentose, woolly at the base ; leaves orbi-
cular, crenated, subcuneated at the base, clothed with velvety
villi on both surfaces ; whorls ample, many-flowered ; calyx
clothed with tomentose pubescence, with 5 teeth, which are subu-
late, stiff", straight, or at length spreading, as well as the bracteas ;
galea of corolla oblong, bifid. %. H. Native of Mount Par-
nassus. Allied to 71/. candidissimum, but differs in the colour
of the whole plant, and in the form of the leaves. Corollas
white. ?
Velvety Horehound. PI. 1^ foot.
5 P
842
LABIAT.E. LXXXVI. Marrubium. LXXXVII. Ballota.
12 M. CANDiDi'ssiMUM (Lin. spec. p. 816.) branches elongated,
a little branched, clothed with white wool ; leaves ovate, cre-
nated, clothed with soft white villi or white wool ; whorls large,
many-flowered ; calyx clothed with white villi or wool, usually
with 5 subulate stiff spreading teeth ; galea of corolla oblong,
bifid at apex. %. H. Native of the South of Europe; as of
Spain, South of France, Italy, Dalmatia, Carinthia, Persia,
&c. M. peregrinum, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 4. p. 10. t. 312,
but not of Lin. M. catarisefolium, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 4. p.
10. t. 313, but not of Desr. M. setaceum, Desr. in Lam. diet.
3. p. 717.? M. incanum, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 716. M.
uncinatum, Horn. hort. hafn. p. 96S.? M. flexuosum, Moench,
meth. p. 399.? M. odoratissimum, Pourr. ex Steud. nom. bot.
p. 510.— Dill. elth. 218. t. 174. f. 214. Stems procumbent at
the base and ascending at apex. Whorls remote, 20-50-flowered.
Corollas whitish.
Very white Horehound. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1732. PL 1
to 2 feet.
13 M. supfNUM (Lin. spec. p. 816.) branches clothed wiili
white wool ; leaves ovate-roundish, clothed with soft villi, green-
ish, or clothed with white wool beneath, crenated, bullately wrin-
kled ; whorls many- flowered ; calyx villous, with 5-10-subulate
stiff, erect, or at length spreading teeth ; galea of corolla oblong,
bifid atapex. 7;. H. Native of the South of Europe. ? — Bocc.
nius. 2. p. 78. t. 69.- — Barrel, icon. 685. ? Intermediate between
M. candklissimum and M. vulgare, having the flowers of the first
and the leaves of the latter. Perhaps a garden hybrid.
Trailing Horehound. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1714. PI. trailing.
14 M. PEREGRfNUM (Lin. spec. p. 815.) dwarf, divaricately
branched ; leaves oblong, clothed with hoary tomentum ; whorls
few- flowered; calyx tomentose, with 5 lanceolate-subulate erect
or scarcely spreading teeth ; galea of corolla oblong, bifid. If .
H. Native of Europe and Middle Asia ; as of Germany, Aus-
tria, Transylvania, Grecian Islands, Syria, Tauria, &c. Jacq.
austr. t. 160. M. Creticum, Mill. diet. no. 3. Rciib. icon. bot.
eur. 3. p. 74. t. 288. M. pauciflorum, Walir. sched. crit. p. 295.
M. angustifolium, Moench, ex Steud. nom. p. 510. — Dill. elth.
219. t. 174. f. 215.— Mor. hist. t. 9. f. 8. Plant clothed with
short, hoary tomentum. Whorls 4-6 rarely 10-flowered. Corollas
whitish.
Foreign Horehound. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 to
11 foot.
15 M. Pannonicum (Clus. ex Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 325.)
branches divaricately branched ; leaves ovate or oblong, clothed
with hoary tomentum or soft villi ; floral leaves all twice as long
as the flowers ; whorls many-flowered, all distant ; calyx clothed
with hoary tomentum, with 6-10 subulate teeth which at length
spread; galea of corolla oblong, bifid at apex. If.H. Native
of Germany, near Halle, Hungary, Moravia, Austria, and Tran-
sylvania. M. paniculatum, Desr. in. Lam. diet. 3. p. 716.?
Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 86. t. 300. M. peregrinum, Spreng.
fl. hal. t. 6. but not of Lin. M. remotum. Kit. in Schultes,
oestr. fl. 2. p. 161. M. rilbrum. Roth, nov. spec. p. 259.
Whorls distant, 12-15-flovrered. Corolla of M. peregrinum.
Allied to 71/. peregrinum and il/. vulgare.
Pannoniim Horehound. PI. 1 to 1 f^ foot.
16 i\I. eadia'tum (Delile, mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 591.)
branches divaricate, a little branched, clothed with hoary tomen-
tum ; leaves ovate or oblong, clothed with Iioary tomentum or
soft viUi : upper floral leaves scarcely exceeding the calyxes ;
whorls many-flowered, rather loose : upper ones approximate ;
calyx small, tomentose, with 6-10 elongated subulate straight
stellately spreading subspinescent teeth. !{. H. Native of the
region of the Mediterranean. Allied to M. Pannunicum, but the
leaves and calyxes are smaller, &c.
Radial e-ca\yiieA Horehound. PI. 1 to 1| foot.?
17 M. cunea'tum (Russ. nat. hist, alepp. 2, p. 255.) stem
clothed with white tomentum at the base and pubescence at top;
leaves ovate-cuneated, much wrinkled, green above and canescent
beneath : floral leaves small, scarcely exceeding the calyxes ;
calyx small, tomentose, with 10 short somewhat recurvedly
spreading mutic teeth. % . H. Native of Syria, near Aleppo,
and between Bagdad and Kermancha. Stems more slender than
in other species. Whorls numerous, lower ones remote, upper
ones approximate. Corollas small, white.
C'unea^e-leaved Horehound. PI. 1 foot.
18 M. vulga're (Lin. spec. p. 816.) branches clothed with
white wool ; leaves ovate or roundish, clothed with soft villi,
greenish or clothed with white wool beneath, crenated ; whorls
many-flowered; calyx clothed with woolly villi: teeth 10, re-
curvedly spreading ; galea of corolla oblong, bifid at apex. 1/ .
H. Native throughout Europe and Middle Asia, among rubbish
and by way-sides ; plentiful in some parts of Britain, but pro-
bably not indigenous. Woodv. med. bot. 265. t. 97. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 410. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 59. Fl. dan. 1036.
M. hamatum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 310. M.
Gernianicum, Schranck ex Steud. nom. p. 510. Stems ascend-
ing, rarely decumbent. Whorls distant, 20-50-flowered. Co-
rollas small, white. This, the common horehound, has a strong
penetrating smell, not altogether unpleasant. It was a favourite
medicine in obstructions of the viscera. In large doses it proves
aperient. Bees much frequent the flowers.
Far. /3, lanatum (Benth. lab. p. 591.) leaves densely clothed
with white wool. 11 . H. Native of Naples. M. A'pulum,
Tenore, fl. nap. t. 154. syll. p. 292.
Common Horehound. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. 1^ to 2
feet.
■\ Species not sufficiently known.
19 M. circinna'tum (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 717.) leaves
circinnate, crenated, much wrinkled ; calycine teeth subulate,
erect, villous. %. H. Native of the Levant. Stems tomen-
tose. Leaves clothed with shining soft tomentum. Flowers
white. Calyx tubular, tomentose. Tube of corolla exceeding
the tube of the calyx ; upper lip deeply bifid.
C'ijc(H;ifl/<,'-leaved Horehound. PI. ?
20 M. parviflorum (Fisch. et Meyer, ind. sem. hort. petrop.
1835. p. 33.) leaves pubescent, wrinkled, ovate-oblong, crenated,
clothed with white tomentum beneath, as well as the base of the
erect branched stems ; bracleas setaceous, equalling the calyxes ;
calycine teeth 10, setaceous, mucronate, straight, spreading much,
rather shorter than the tube ; corolla scarcely exceeding the
calyx. ll.H. Native of Caucasus, on the Talusch mountains.
JSI. peregrinum, Meyer, verz. pflanz. no. 820. This differs from
M. peregrinum of Lin. in not being silky, and in the calycine
teeth being 10. Corolla white ; galea bifid.
Small-Jlomercd Horehoimd. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
21 M. propi'nquum (Fisch. et !Meyer, 1. c.) clothed with
canescent villi ; stem branched, erectish ; leaves wrinkled, petio-
late, coarsely crenated : lower leaves almost orbicular : middle
ones obovate : upper ones cuneated ; braeteas setaceous, rather
shorter than the calyxes ; calycine teeth villous, setaceous, mu-
cronate, spreading much, straight, not half so long as the tube ;
tube of corolla exserted ; galea short. '2^. H. Native of Cau-
casus, on the Talusch mountains. Allied to il/. leonurotdes.
Flowers violaceous.
Allied Horehoimd. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
Cult. All the species of Marrubium grow freely in any com-
mon garden soil, and are readily increased by division and by
seed.
LXXXVII. BALLOTA (/Ja\\wr>;, ballote, the Greek name
LABIATE. LXXXVIl. Ballota.
843
of Ballota nigra, or Black Hoiehound, which is derived from
/3a\Xw, bal/o, to emit ; rejected by cattle on account of the
oflensive smell.) Benth. lab. ]). 592. Ballota and Marrubium,
species of Lin. and other authors. Beringeria, Necker. Pseu-
dodictamnus, Tourn. and Moench.
Lin. syst. Didi/iiumia, Gymnospermia. Calyx somewhat fun-
nel shaped ; tube 10-ncrved ; teeth 5-10, dilated at the base or
combined into an orbicular spreading limb. Corolla having
the tube a little inclosed, with a transverse pilose ring inside,
and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip erect, oblong or subconcave,
emarginate at apex ; lower lip spreading, trifid, middle lobe emar-
ginate. Stamens 4, ascending, didynanious ; lower ones the
longest ; anthers exsertcd from the tube of the corolla, approxi-
mating by pairs, 2-cellcd : cells at length divaricate, and nearly
distinct. Style bifid at apex, with subulate lobes, which are
stigniatiferous at apex. Achenia dry, obtuse at apex, not trun-
cate.— Perennial, hairy, woolly, or tomentose herbs. Leaves
wrinkled, usually cordate at the base, entire or crenated, never
cut ; floral ones almost similar. Whorls axillary, many rarely
few-flowered. Bracteas numerous, oblong, subulate, spine-
formed, but sometimes very short.
Sect. I. Beringe'ria (probably named after some botanist of
the name of Beringer, of whom we know nothing.) Benth. lab.
p. 59i. Bracteas oblong or subulate, soft. Limb of calyx 6-20-
toothed or crenated.
1 B. Africa'na (Benth. lab. p. 594.) hairy ; leaves orbicular,
irregularly crenated, green on both surfaces ; limb of calyx
spreading, orbicular, dilated, with about 10 short setaceous
teeth ; galea of corolla ovate ; stamens scarcely exserted from
the tube. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mar-
riibium Africanum, Lin. spec. p. 816. Pseudodiclamnus emar-
giiiatus, Moench, ex Steud. RLirriibium crispum, Lin. spec.
1674. Marrubium Thouini, Schultes, ex syll. pi. see. ratisb.
2. p. 23. — Comm. hort. 2. p. 179. t. 90. Whorls globose, many-
flowered, distant. Corollas nearly glabrous, white or purple.?
African Stinking Horehound. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1710.
PI. 1 foot.
2 B. pseudodicta'mnus (Benth. lab. p. 594.) clothed with
white wool ; leaves orbicular, quite entire or obscurely crenated,
thick, woolly ; limb of calyx spreading, dilated, woolly, with
5-10 crenatures. I^ . F. Native of Candia. Marrubium pseu-
dodiclamnus, Lin. spec. 817. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. C. p. 50.
t. 562. Lam. ill. t. 508. f. 2. Beringeria pseudodictamnus,
Necker, Link, handb. 478. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 47. — Park,
theatr. 28. f. 2. Whorls dense, many-flowered, distant. Corollas
white, spotted with red.
Bastard Dittany of Crete. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
3 B. undula'ta (Benth. lab. p. 595.) hairy ; leaves orbicu-
lar, crenated, villous on both surfaces, rugosely curled ; limb of
calyx spreading, orbicular, rather shorter than the tube, thick,
villous, with an undulately curled 10-20 crenated margin : crena-
tures mutic. %■ H. Native of Arabia, in the desert of Sinai,
N. Bove. Marriibium umbellatum, Fres. pi. a:gypt. in mus.
senk. p. 92. Some of the hairs glanduliferous. Whorls many-
flowered, less dense than those of i?. pseudodictamnus.
Undiilated-ca\yy.eii Stinking Horehound. PI. ?
4 B. acetabulosa (Benth. lab. p. 595.) hairy or somewhat
woolly ; leaves orbicular, crenated, villous above, and clothed
with white wool beneath ; limb of calyx spreading, with a 20-
crenated margin: crenatures mutic. l/.or Tj . F. Native of
the Grecian islands and Syria. Marrubium acetabulosum, Lin.
spec. p. 817. Marriibium pseudodictamnus, Steud. et Hochst.
pi. exs. un. itin. but not of Lin. Beringeria acetabulosa, Necker,
Link, handb. p. 478. Marrubium suftruticosum, Mill. diet. no. 9.
— Park, theatr. 28. f 3. ?— Barrel, icon. t. 129. Calyx woolly
or villous at the base. Corolla small, pale purple ; galea scarcely
emarginate.
<S'a!(cer-leaved Stinking Horehound. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1676. PI. 2 feet.
5 B. MOLLi'ssiMA (Benth. lab. p. 595.) stems clothed with white
wool ; leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, canescent or white on both
surfaces, floccosely woolly beneath ; limb of calyx spreading,
about ecjual in length to the tube, villously tomentose, with a
shortly 10-toothed margin : teeth broad, acute, scarcely mucro-
nate. fj . F. Native of .Spain. ? Marriibium Hispanicum,
Lin. herb, lint scarcely of his spec. pi. 816. but not of other au-
thors. Marriibium cinereum. M. scropliulariaefolium Hortul.
— Herm. par. 201. ?— Bocc. mus. 2. p. 167. t. 122.? Leaves
more broad than long, regularly crenated, very soft. Whorls
dense, niany-flowered. Bracteas spatulate. Corolla whitish.
Perhaps only a variety of B. hirsuta.
Very soft Stinking Horehound. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1714.
PI. 1 foot.
6 B. iiirsu'ta (Benth. lab. p. 595.) hairy or somewhat woolly ;
leaves orbicular, crenated, hairy above, green on both surfaces,
or clothed with white wool beneath ; limb of calyx spreading,
about equal to the tube, hairy, with a shortly 10-tootlied mar-
gin : teeth broad acute or mucronate. % . F. Native of the
North of Africa, near Mogodor. Marriibium hirsiitum, Willd.
spec. 3. p. 113.? Marriibium crispum, Desv. in Lam. diet. 3.
p. 719. ? and of many other authors, but not of Lin. Habit
and leaves of Z?. acetabulosa, but differs in the limb of the calyx
being 10 not 20-loothed, smaller, and in the plant being ignore
hairy. Corollas pale purple. ?
Var. (i, liispida (Benth. lab. p. 596.) greener and more hairy.
Tf.. H. Native of Spain.
Hairy Stinking Horehound. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PL H
foot ?
7 B. microphy'lla (Benth. lab. p. 596.) tomentose ; leaves
subcordately ovate, finely crenulated ; calyx funnel-shaped : limb
spreading, with 10 acute unequal teeth; bracteas spatulate,
acute. I/.? F. Native of the Levant. Marriibium micro-
phj'llum, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 720. Leaves nearly sessile,
soft, thick, 7-9 lines long, and 4 lines broad. Whorls numerous,
many-flowered.
Small-leaved Stinking Horehound. PI.
8 B. RLGosA (Benth. lab. p. 596.) stem pubescent, rather
woolly ; leaves ovate, obtuse, crenated, wrinkled, clothed with
hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; whorls few-flowered ; limb
of calyx short, spreading a little, witii 10 short mucronulatc
teeth. 1/ . F. Native of the Levant. Marriibium rugi)sum,
Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 3. p. 395. Marriibium humile, Uesf 1.
c. ? Leaves scarcely h an inch long, usually clothed with white
wool beneath. Whorfs 4-6 rarely 10-flowered. Corolla of B.
acetabulosa, but more glabrous.
JVri?ikled-]eaved Stinking Horehound. PI. humble.
9 B. OBLi'auA (Benth. lab. p. 596.) stems clothed with hoary
pubescence ; leaves ovate, crenated, wrinkled, canescent above,
and clothed with white wool beneath ; w liorls few-flowered ;
limb of calyx short, unequally dilated, with 10 mucronate teeth.
If.. F. Native of Syria, on mountains about Aleppo and An-
tioch, P. Russell. Marrubium rugosum, var. Russell, herb.
All parts as in B. sax/ililis, but twice the size.
06/;V/uc-ca!yxed Stinking Horehound. Shrub. ?
10 B. sAXA'TiLis(Sieb. pi. exs. ex Bentli. lab. p. 596.) hairy ;
leaves ovate or orbicular, crenated, thick, wrinkled, green on
both surfaces or white beneath, hairy on both siirtaccs ; whorls
few-flowered; limb of calyx short, spreading a little, with 10
mucronate teeth. f; . F. Native of Syria, near Aleppo and of
Palestine. Marriibium rugosum, Russel, nat. hist. alep. 2. p.
5 p 2
844
LABIATE. LXXXVII. Ballota.
255. Molucella microphylla, Delile, fragm. fl. arab. petr. 10. f.
2. Stems woody at the base. Branches divaricate or procum-
bent. Corollas smaller than in B. riigosa.
Bock Stinking Horehound. Shrub procumbent.
U B. Russellia'na (Benth. lab. p. 597.) stems scarcely pu-
bescent ; leaves ovate, obtuse, quite entire, wrinkled, green
above, and white beneath ; whorls few-flowered ; limb of calyx
short, spreading a little, with 6-10 acute or shortly mucronate
teeth. ^ . ? F. Native of Syria, Near Aleppo, Russell. Allied
to B. saxdlUis, but the leaves are all quite entire, and the
branches less hairy. Leaves hardly half an inch long, cordate
at the base, pubescent above.
Russell's Stinking Horehound. Shrub.
12 B. Hispa'nicum (Benth. lab. p. 597.) hairy ; leaves ovate-
cordate : upper ones usually acute, or all are obtuse, rarely
rounded, hairy on both surfaces, green or canescent beneath ;
limb of c.ilyx short, spreading a little, with 10 setaceously mu-
cronate teeth, ■y. ? H. Native of Spain, Sicily, and South of
Italy. Marrubium Hispanicum, Lin. spec. 816. Marrubium
rupestre, Biv. manip. 2. t. 1 . Marrubium scrophulariaefolium,
Lag. Pseudodictamnus acutus, Moench, meth. p. 399. Mar-
rubium saxatile, Rafn. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 167. t. 122. — Barrel,
icon. t. 797. — Herm. par. t. 201. Leaves usually 2 inches long,
exactly cordate, crenated. Whorls 20-50-flowered, dense. Brac-
teas and calyxes very hairy. Corollas like those of B. acetabu-
losa.
Spanish Stinking Horehound. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1714.
PI. 2 feet.
Sect. H. Ballota (see genus for derivation.) Benth. lab. p.
597. Bracteas linear-subulate, soft. Limb of calyx 5-toothed.
13 B. NIGRA (Lin. spec. 814.) hairy or glabrous; leaves
ovate, truncate at the base, green on both surfaces, more or less
hairy ; limb of calyx erectish : teeth dilated at the base and
subulately mucronate at the apex. 2/. H. Native throughout
the whole of Europe, in waste places, in hedges, and by way-
sides ; also of Tauria and Caucasus ; plentiful in Britain. Rchb.
icon. hot. eur. 8. p. 30. t. 1773. Smith, engl. bot. t. 46. B.
alba, Lin. spec. 814. B. foe'tida, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 281. Rchb.
icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 30. t. 775. B. vulgaris. Link. B. borealis,
Schweigg. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 30. t. 776. B. rudcralis,
Sjjreng. fl. hal. p. 101. B. sepium, Paulet, in Pers. ench. 2. p.
125. B. riibra, Schrad. Marriibium nigrum, Ger. emac. 701.
f. 1. Crantz, stirp. austr. p. 272. Marrubiastrum, Riv. mon.
irr. t. 65. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 35. — Blackw. 136 Mor.
hist. 3. p. 377. sect. 11. t. 9. f. 14. Stems, leaves, and calyxes
green, sometimes nearly glabrous, but usually pubescent, rarely
hairy. Whorls many-flowered, rather loose, the lower cymes on
short peduncles. Limb of calyx very variable in form. In the
species the stems are brown, and corollas purple ; but in that
variety called B. alba the whole plant is pale green, and the
corollas white. The plant is recommended in hysterical cases.
In Gotland it is an universal remedy in disorders incident to
cattle.
Black or Common Stinking Horehound. Fl. July, Sept. Bri-
tain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
14 B. URTic^FOLiA (Ostm. ex Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 30.
t. 774.) slender ; leaves ovate, sharply and deeply serrated ;
teeth of calyx erect, linear-setaceous, equalling the tube. V-.
H. Native of Bohemia and Saxony, in waste places and on
walls. Plant slender, green, less pubescent than B. nigra.
Leaves exactly of Urtica urens, the first ones cordate, ex Rchb.
fl. germ. exc. p. 325. Perhaps only a variety of Zf. nigra.
Nettle-leaved Stinking Horehound. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Sect. III. Acanthopra^sium (from uKavdoQ, acanthos, a spine ;
and -rrpaawv, p^asion, one of the Greek names of Horehound ;
so called in allusion to the subulate spine-formed bracteas.)
Benth. lab. p. 598. Bracteas subulate, stiff, spine-formed.
Limb of calyx 5-10-toothed.
15 B. PE'RsicA(Benth. lab. p. 598.) leaves cuneiform, toothed;
bracteas spine-formed ; limb of calyx membranous, dilated,
shortly 5-10-toothed. Tj . G. Native of Persia. Molucella
Persica, Burm. fl. ind. p. 128. t. 38. f 2. Branches simple,
glabrous, whitish, with a single spine at each joint. Serratures
of leaves spiny. Calyx regular, 5 cleft; segments obovate, sca-
rious, with 3 mucrones. Corolla flattish, glabrous.
Persian Stinking Horehound. Shrub.
16 B. limba'ta (Beulh. lab. p. 743.) canescent ; leaves oblong,
quite entire, cuneated at the base ; bracteas spine-formed ; limb
of calyx unequally and membranaceously dilated, somewhat 5-
toothed. h . G. Native of the North East of India, on the
mountains, in gravelly places near Pindaden Khan. Shrub much
branched, younger branches villous. Leaves | to 1 inch long.
Whorls distant, 6- flowered. Calyx very villous; limb with 5
angles, and as many teeth between the angles.
Limbate-ca\yx.eA Stinking Horehound. Shrub 2 feet.
17 B. spiNosA (Link, handb. p. 475.) leaves ovate, quite en-
tire or deeply toothed, green on both surfaces ; whorls few-flow-
ered ; bracteas spine-formed, straight ; calyxes hairy : limb
erectish, with 5-10 teeth, which are dilated at the base, subulate,
and subspinose ; galea of corolla very hairy. Jj . F. Native
of Piedmont and Provence. Molucella frutescens, Lin. spec. p.
821. Beringeria frutescens, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 325. Shrub
branched ; branches villous. Leaves scarcely an inch long.
Whorls about 6-flowered, distant.
Spinose Stinking Horehound. Shrub 1 foot.
18 B. integrifolia (Benth. lab. p. 599.) shrubby, pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, quite entire, rarely with a few crenatures,
green on both surfaces ; bracteas spine-formed, spreadingly re-
flexed ; limb of calyx dilated, spreading a little, 5-toothed;
galea of corolla nearly glabrous. Ij . F. Native of the island
of Cyprus. Molucella frutescens, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6.
p. 568. Habit of B. spinbsa, but the branches are longer, and
the leaves usually entire, the spines stronger and usually re-
curved. Corolla white, lined with purple.
Entire-lcavcd Stinking Horehound. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
19 B. Forska'hlei (Benth. lab. p. 599.) leaves ovate, ser-
rated ; calyx campanulate, pubescent, with 5 subulate unequal
unarmed teeth ; whorls remote, 10-12-flowered, involucra qua-
drifid, with setaceous segments. f? . F. Native of Arabia
Felix. Phlomis alba, Forsk. fl. aegypt. p. 107. Corolla white;
upper lip hairy. Habit of B. spinbsa.
ForskahVs Stinking Horehound. Shrub.
•j- Doubtful species.
20 B. orienta'lis (Presl. del. prag. p. 80.) stem branched ;
villous ; leaves cordate-roundish, toothed, wrinkled, clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath; bracteas linear; calyx stifl", with 10
spinose teeth ; galea of corolla arched, crenulated. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of Asia Minor. Marriibium orientale, Spreng. syst.
Eastern Stinking Horehound. PI.
21 B. piLosA (Lour. coch. p. 364.) leaves ovate, crenated, to-
mentose ; whorls pilose ; calyx 10-toothed. 1{..H. Native of
Cochinchina. Stem pilose, branched. Corolla white. Teeth of
calyx reflexed. Upper lip of corolla entire, arched. Perhaps
a species of Leucas.
Pilose Slinking Horehound. PI. ?
22 B. discolor (Desf. ex Steud. nom. p. 99.) and 23. B.
PARviFOLiA (Desf. 1. c.) Nothing is known of these two plants
but the naities.
LABIATE. LXXXVIII. Lasiocorys. LXXXIX. Rovlea. XC. Otostegia. XCI. Leucas.
845
Cult. See Marrubium for the culture of the perennial herba-
ceous kinds ; and Lasiocorys for that of the shrubby species.
LXXXVIII. LASIO'CORYS (from Xatrwe, lasios, wool;
and kopuc, korys, a helmet ; in reference to the outside of the
galea of the corolla being very hairy.) Benth. lab. p. 600. —
Leucas species, R. Br.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx subcampann-
late, equal, 10-nerved : teeth 5, ovate, rarely furnislied with mi-
nute teeth in the sinuses. Corolla with an inclosed tube, which
is annulate inside, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip entire, con-
cave, erect, very hairy outside : lower lip spreading, scarcely
longer, trifid ; the middle segment hardly broader than the lateral
ones, emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous : lower 2 the longest,
ascending ; filaments naked at the base ; anthers approximating
by pairs under the upper lip, 2-celled : cells divaricate. Lobes
of style subulate : lower one the shortest, and sometimes very
short, stigmatiferous towards the apex. Achenia dry, trique-
trous, obtuse at top. — Branched shrubs. Leaves entire or
toothed.
1 L. Cape'nsis (Benth. lab. p. 600.) leaves almost quite en-
tire ; whorls 2-4-flowered ; calycine teeth one half shorter than
the tube. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Young
branches clothed with white tomentum : adult ones canescent,
or nearly glabrous. Leaves fasciculate, nearly sessile, oblong or
cuneiform, obtuse, canescent from tomentum, as well as the ca-
lyxes, &c. Corolla whitish. Upper lobe of style usually very
short.
Cape Lasiocorys. Shrub.
2 L. Abyssi'nica (Benth. lab. p. 600.) leaves toothed at
apex ; whorls 6-10-flowered ; calycine teetii subulately acumi-
nated, about equal in length to the tube. 1^ . G. Native of
Abyssinia. Leiicas quinquedentata, R. Br. append, to Salt.
abyss. Habit of//, integrifblia. Branches pubescent. Leaves
longer and greener. Calyx scarcely tomentose. Upper lobe of
style one half shorter than the lower one.
Abyssinian Lasiocorys. Shrub.
CiUt. A light rich soil will suit the species of this genus ;
and cuttings will strike root readily in the same kind of earth,
with a hand-glass placed over them ; but if seeds ripen, this will
be unnecessary.
LXXXIX. RO^YLEA (named in honour of John Forbes
Royle, M.D. surgeon in the East India Company's Service ;
late superintendent of the botanic garden at Saharumpur ;
now Professor of Materia Medica in King's College, London ;
author of " Illustrations of Indian Botany, &c.") Wall. pi. rar.
asiat. 1. p. 57. t. 74. Benth. lab. p. 601. — Ballota species,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 111.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular at
the base, 10-nerved; limb 5-cleft ; segments erect, oblong,
membranaceous, reticulately veined, equal. Corolla shorter
than the calyx ; tube inclosed, annulate inside ; limb bilabiate ;
upper lip erect, entire, arched : lower lip spreading, trifid, hav-
ing the middle lobe entire. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending
under the upper lip : lower 2 the longest ; anthers approxi-
mate by pairs, 2-celled : cells divaricate, at length sub-confluent.
Style almost equally bifid at top ; lobes subulate, stiguiatiferous
at apex. Achenia dry, obtuse at apex. — Allied to Ballota and
Otostegia, from which it differs only in the calyx.
1 R. e'legans (Wall. 1. c.) fj . G. Native of Sirmore and
Deyra Dhoon, Wall. ; Hurdwar and Sirinagluir, Hardvvick ;
Himalaya, Royle. Phlomis calycina, Roxb. H. ind. 3. p. 11.
Ballota cinerea, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 11 1.— A much branch-
ed, erect shrub. Branches cinereous from tomentum. Leaves
numerous, petiolate, ovate, acute, subcordatc, coarsely and
bluntly serrated, 1 to U inches long, pilose on both surfaces,
green above and hoary beneath ; floral leaves conforming to the
others, but gradually smaller. Whorls G-lO-flowered ; cymes
on short peduncles. Calyxes tomentosely pubescent. Corollas
from white to pale red, or rose-coloured.
Elegant \\oy\ea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Lasiocorys, above.
XC. OTOSTE'GIA (from ouc wroc, ous otos, an ear ; and
(Trfyof, stegos, a covering ; in reference to the lips of the calyx
being prolonged.) Benth. lab. p. 601 Phlomis species, Vahl.
— Molucella species, R. Br.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnos/jermia. Calyx tubular at
the base, 10-nerved; limb sub-bilabiately and membranaceously
prolonged : upper lip short, entire, or triangular : lower lip
large, ovate, obtuse. Corolla with an inclosed tube, which is
annulate inside, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip oblong, con-
cave, entire, erect, very hairy outside : lower lip spreading,
trifid: middle lobe broader, emarginate. Stamens 4, ascending,
didynamous, the lower ones the longest ; filaments naked at the
base ; anthers approximate by pairs under the superior lip, 2-
celled : cells divaricate. Style somewhat equally bifid at top;
lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at apex. Achenia dry, obtuse at
apex. — Shrubs. Whorls loosely many-flowered. Corollas white.?
This genus differs from Roylea, Ballota, and Leucas, in the
caly.x ; and from the latter genus in the divisions of the style.
1 O. iNTEcrviFOLiA (Benth. lab. p. 602.) leaves oblong, quite
entire, clothed with rather silky tomentum on both surfaces ;
upper lip of calyx ovate, entire. Ij . G. Native of Abyssinia,
Salt. Molucella integrifolia, R. Br. Append, to Salt's Abyssinia.
Shrub clothed with silky tomentum or pubescence. Leaves nar-
rowed at the base and blunt at apex, canescent on both surfaces
as in A'lriplex Hdlimus ; young leaves fascicled, with 2 short
straight spines in each axil. Whorls numerous, disposed in a
terminal raceme.
Entire-leaved Otostegia. Shrub.
2 O. scariosa (Benth. lab. p. 602.) leaves ovate, toothed,
wrinkled, green on both surfaces ; upper lip of calyx ovate, en-
tire. ^ . G. Native of Arabia Felix, Forsk ; Abyssinia, Salt.
Molucella scariosa, R. Br. append, to Salt's Abyss. Clinopodiuin
fruticosum, Forsk. fl. segypt. p. 107. Phlomis moluccoides,
Vahl. syrab. 1. p. 42. t. 14. Habit of Roylea. Branches pu-
bescent. Leaves an inch long, roundly cuneated at the base,
green above and pubescent beneath. Whorls few ; cymes on
short peduncles. Bracteas canescent, pubescent. Calyx villous.
Scarious Otostegia. Shrub.
3 O. repa'nda (Benth. lab. p. 602.) leaves ovate, toothed,
wrinkled, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; upper lip of
calyx short, triangular. Jj . G. Native of Abyssinia, Salt.
Molucella repanda, R. Br. Append, to Salt's Abyss. Allied to
O. scariosa, but differs in the branches and leaves being villous,
and in the calyxes being more villous, and in the form of the
upper lip of the corolla.
Repand-\eavcd Otostegia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Lasiocorys, above.
XCI. LEU'CAS (from Xturac, leucos, white ; in allusion to
the downy whiteness of the flowers.) R. Br. prod. p. 304.
Benth. lab. p. G02. — Phlomis species, Lin.
Lin. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular or
tubularly camjjanulate, striated, straight or incurved at apex ;
846
LABIAT/E. XCl. Levcas.
mouth equal or drawn out obliquely above or beneath, 8-10-
toothed. Corolla with an inclosed tube, which is annulate, or naked
inside, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip concave, erect, entire,
rarely emarginate, very hairy outside ; lower lip longer, spread-
ing, trifid, the middle segment the largest. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, ascending, the lower ones the longest ; filaments naked at
the base ; anthers approximate by pairs under the upper lip,
sub-bilocular : cells divaricate, confluent. Upper lobe of style
very short, lower one subulate and stigmatiierous towards the
apex. Achenia dry, triquetrous, obtuse at apex.— Herbs or
under shrubs. Leaves quite entire or usually toothed; floral
ones nearly similar. Whorls sometimes few-flowered and some-
times densely many-flowered. Corollas usually white, rarely pur-
plish.— Scarcely differing from BaU'ola, except in the unequally
lobed stigma, but the calyx, corolla, and the general habit mark
it out as a good genus.
Sect. I. Hemi'stoma (from >;/Ji, hemi, half, and arojia, stoma,
a mouth ; the lower side of the calyx is alone drawn out.) Benth.
lab. p. COS. Hemistoma, Ehrenb. Calyx tubular, with an ob-
lique mouth ; lower side drawn out, cleft above. Whorls glo-
bose, many-flowered. Bracteas numerous, equalling the calyxes.
1 L. I'ndica (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) herbaceous : stems and
under sides of leaves clothed with silky tomentum ; whorls
many-flowered, globose ; calyx rather villous, membranaceous,
having the 3 lower teeth short and setaceous, the upper ones
having disappeared. ©. S. Native of Madagascar. Phlorais
I'ndica, Lin. spec. 820. Leaves broad-ovate, acutish, coarsely
and serrately crenated. Corollas exceeding the calyx a little,
densely clothed with white hairs or villi.
Indian Leucas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. PI. 1 foot.
2 L. URTic.EFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) herbaceous, clothed
with fine canescent tomentum ; whorls many-flowered, globose ;
calyx rather villous, membranaceous, with 8-10 very short seta-
ceous teeth. O. S. Native of the East Indies, Abyssinia, and
Arabia. Phlomis urticaefolia, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 7G. Leijcas
aff'lnis, R. Br. in append, to Salt, abyss. Hemistoma ovata,
Ehrenb. mss. Habit and inflorescence of L. I'ndica. Stems
decumbent or ascending at the base. Leaves broad, ovate,
coarsely and serrately crenated. Corollas white.
Nctlle-lcaved Leucas. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1810. PI. i to
1 foot.
Sect. II. Loxo'stoma (from Xosoc, loxos, oblique ; and aTOj.ia,
stoma, a mouth ; mouth of calyx oblique.) Benth. lab. p. 606.
Calyx tubular, with an oblique mouth, the lower side more
drawn out than the upper, and hardly cleft above. Whorls few-
flowered. Bracteas minute.
3 L. glabra'ta (R. Br, prod. p. 504.) herbaceous, glabrous ;
whorls 2-4- flowered, secund ; calyx glabrous, with 10 subulate
teeth. 0. S. Native of Delagoa Bay, and Arabia Felix.
Phlomis glabrata, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 42. Plant often purplish.
Stems elongated, decumbent. Leaves ovate or oblong, few-
toothed. Corolla purplish.
Glabrous Leucas. PI. decumbent.
Sect. III. Physoca'lyx (from ^uo-a, physa, a bladder; and
KaXvl, calyx, a calyx ; calyx inflated.) Benth. lab. p. 744.
Calyx inflated, with a contracted equal mouth. Whorls C-10-
flowered. Bracteas minute.
4 L. infla'ta (Benth. lab. p. 744.) shrubby ; leaves sessile,
orbicular, subcordate at the base, hairy on both surfaces, and
green; whorls subspicate ; calyx with 10 short erect teeth;
throat nearly naked inside. I^ . G.
desert of Suez, N. Bove.
/n^aW-calyxed Leucas. Shrub.
Native of Arabia, in the
Sect. IV. Ortholeu'cas (from opdoc, orthos, straight ; and
Lettcos ; in reference to the equal mouth of the calyx.) Benth.
lab. p. 606. Ortholeucas, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p,
61. Whorls rather loose, usually few-flowered. Bracteas mi-
nute or few, setaceous, rarely almost equalling the calyxes.
Calyx tubular or sub-campanulate, striated, with an equal or
scarcely oblique mouth, a nearly naked throat, and 10 erect,
subulate, or very short setaceous teeth.
5 L. Chine'nsis (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) suffruticose ? ;
branches clothed with silky tomentum ; leaves broad-ovate,
coarsely toothed, wrinkled, villous, white beneath ; whorls few-
flowered ; calyx funnel-shaped, tomentose, with an equal
acutely 10-tootlied limb. fj . G. Native of China and the
Indian peninsula. Phlomis Chinensis, Retz, obs. 2. p. 19.
Habit of L. niontana and L. lanata. Whorls 6-IO-flowered.
Corollas white.
China Leucas. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub procum-
bent.
6 L. monta'na (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 742.) perennial or suffru-
ticose ; branches clothed with silky tomentum ; leaves ovate,
serrately crenated, wrinkled, green above and pubescently
hairy, but clothed with white wool beneath ; whorls many-flow-
ered ; calyx clothed with silky villi, with an equal mouth, and
very short setaceous erect teeth. '^.t &. Native of India,
near Madras. Phlomis monlana. Roth, nov. spec. p. 263.
Branches ascending, rising from a woody base. Leaves roundly
truncate, or broadly cordate at the base. Whorls 15-20-flow-
ered. Corollas white ; tube annulate inside.
Mountain Leucas. Shrub ascending.
7 L. ova'ta (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 61. lab. p.
607.) perennial or suflPruticose ; branches clothed with silky to-
mentum ; leaves ovate, obscurely crenated, wrinkled, green and
pubescently hairy above, but clothed with white wool beneath ;
whorls many-flowered ; calyx pubescent, with an equal mouth,
and very short setaceous straight teeth. T; . ? S. Native of
Ava, on the banks of the Irawaddi. Allied to L. montana ; but
the leaves are larger and blunter, scarcely broadly crenated, or
almost quite entire.
Ovate-\ea.\e& Leucas. Shrub 2 feet.
8 L. lana'ia (Benth. 1. c.) perennial or suffruticose; branches
clothed with white wool ; leaves ovate, sub-crenated, thick,
wrinkled, clothed with very soft white wool on both surfaces ;
whorls many-flowered ; calyx clothed with white wool, with an
equal truncate mouth, and very short setaceous erect teeth. Ij .?
G. Native of the East Indies, in the valleys of the provinces
of Kamaon, Sirmorc, and Deyra Dhoon, Wall, and Royle. Mar-
riibiuin mollissimum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 112. Allied to
L. montana ; but the plant is clothed with white wool ; the
leaves narrower, and less deeply crenated. Corollas white.
IVoolhj Leucas. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
9 L. MOLLi'ssiMA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 62.) perennial or
suffruticose ; branches tetragonal, clothed with adpressed tomen-
tose villi ; leaves ovate, crenated, wrinkled, clothed with soft
villi, pale or canescent beneath ; whorls many-flowered ; calyx
pubescent, with an equal mouth, and very short setaceous erect
teeth. Tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies, in the valleys of
Nipaul, and on the Pundua mountains ; also of China, Sir G.
Staunton. Habit of L. ?MOH(«;!a, but usually taller, and more
branched. Leaves -i^ to 1 inch, roundly truncate or broadly cor-
date at the base. Whorls 10-30-flowered. Corollas white?
or usually purplish ; tube annulate inside.
LABIATE. XCI Leucas.
847
Very-soft Leucas. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ?
10 L. Ha.miltonia'na (Benth. 1. c.) perennial; brandies
clothed with adpressed tomentose villi ; leaves ovate, serrately
crenated, wrinkled, clothed with soft villi, canescent or rufes-
cent beneath ; whorls few-flowered ; calyx pubescent, a little
incurved, with an oblique mouth, and very short setaceous erect
teeth. 1/. S. Native of the East Indies, at Monghyr, Hamil-
ton. Differs from L. moUissima, in the larger more acute leaves,
and few-flowered whorls, and in the calyx.
Hamilton s Leucas. PI. 1 to 14 foot.
11 L. te'res (Benth. 1. c.) perennial or suffruticose; branches
tomentose, terete ; leaves ovate, subcrenated, green and pubes-
cent above, and canescent beneath, hardly wrinkled ; whorls
6-10-flowered ; calyx pubescent, with an equal mouth and very
short setaceous erect teeth. Ij , ? S. Native of the Birman
Empire, on the banks of the Irawaddi. Allied to L. moUissima;
but differs in the branches being terete ; in the leaves being
smaller, and flowers fewer ; in the whorls being smaller, &-c.
Terete-stemmed Leucas. PI.
12 L. STRiGosA (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous; branches tetrago-
nal, clothed with adpressed pubescence; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
scarcely serrated, green and strigosely hairy above, but clothed
with rufous canescent adpressed tomentum beneath ; whorls
few-flowered ; calyx pubescent, with an equal mouth, and very
short teeth. ©. S. Native of the East Indies, near Prome, Wall.
Branches ascending. Leaves nearly sessile. Whorls remote;
2-6-flowered, rarely about 10-flowered. Flowers of L. pilosa.
Strigose Leucas. PI. ascending.
13 L. angula'ris (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous, procumbent;
branches acutely tetragonal ; angles ciliated, subalate ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate, crenated, wrinkled, strigosely hispid on
both surfaces ; whorls few-flowered ; calyx tubularly campanu-
late, villous, with an equal mouth and setaceous teeth. 0. ? S.
Native of Ceylon, Macrae. Allied to L. strigbsa and L.pildsa,
but differs in the form of the leaves, and especially in the
calyxes.
Angular-stemmed Leucas. PI. procumbent.
14 L. pilosa (Benth. 1. c.) perennial, erect; branches pilosely
pubescent ; leaves ovate, serrately crenated, green on both sur-
faces, piloj.e or canescently pubescent beneath ; whorls many-
flowered ; calyx pubescent, with an equal mouth, and very short
setaceously erect teeth. 1/ . S. Native of Bengal, and the
banks of the Irawaddi. Phlomis pilosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 12.?
Corollas white or pale purple. Whorls 2-20-flowered.
Far. (i, 'puhescens (Benth. 1. c.) leaves canescent from pubes-
cence beneath. %. S. Native of Deyra Dhoun, Royle ; Raje-
mahl, Wall.
Pilo<e Leucas. PI. \\ foot.
15 L. decemdenta'ta (Smith, in Rees' cycl. Benth. lab. p.
609.) annual ? pubescent ; leaves ovate, crenated, clothed with
fine tomentum, green on both surfaces, or sub-canescent be-
neatl) ; whorls many-flowered : lower ones or all are shorter
than the petioles ; calyx pubescent, striated, with an equal
mouth, and short setaceous teeth. ©.? S. Native of the
Islands of the Pacific ; as of Timor, Otaheite, Corollines,
ISIalden, &:c. Stachys decemdentita, Forst. prod. no. 52().
Phlomis decemdentata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 124-. Leicas sta-
chyoides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743. Floral leaves \ an inch
long, t» ice as long as the flowers. Allied to L. moUissima.
fen-toothed Leucas. PI. 1 to U foot. ?
16 L. fla'ccida (R. Br. prod. 505.) annual, nearly glabrous;
leaves ovate, crenated, membranaceous, green on both surfaces,
and nearly glabrous ; whorls many-flowered, shorter than the
petioles ; calyx nearly glabrous, with an equal mouth, and seta-
ceous teeth. O. S. Native of tropical New Holland, Molnc-
cas, banks of the Irawaddi. Phlomis Moluccana, Roxb. fl. ind.
3. p. 11. Leucas melissscfolia, Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. I.
p. 62. L. parviflora, Benth. in Wall. 1. c. Ilardly distinct
from L. decemdentata, except in the smoothness, and thinner
blunter leaves. Corollas white.
Flaccid Leucas. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
17 L. nepet«f6lia (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous? clothed with
fine pubescence ; leaves numerous, petiolate, ovate-roundisii,
crenated, green on both surfaces, or scarcely canescent ; whorls
few-flowered ; calyx tubularly campanulate, nearly glabrous,
with an equal mouth, and short acute teeth. ©.? S. Native
of the Indian peninsula. Leaves an inch long, obtuse, truncate
or subcordate at the base, pubescent on both surfaces.
Catmint-leaved Leucas. PI. ?
18 L. longifolia (Benth. lab. p. 744.) stem herbaceous,
erect, villous ; leaves linear, almost quite entire, nearly gla-
brous ; whorls 6-10-flowered; calyx turbinately tubular, with
an equal mouth, and very short setaceous teeth. 0. ? S. Na-
tive of the North-east of India, at Pounah, Jacquemont. Allied
to L. hyssopifoUa.
Long- leaved Leucas. PI. erect.
19 L. angi!stif6lia (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. I. p. 62. Benth.
lab. p. 610.) herbaceous, diffuse; leaves oblong-lanceolate or
linear, narrowed at the base, nearly glabrous ; whorls 6-20-
flowered ; calyx tubular, with an equal mouth, and very short
setaceous erect teeth. ©. ? S. Native of Nipaul. Habit of
L. 2^roeiimbens ; but differs in the much longer leaves, which
are narrowed at both ends ; and in the flowers being more nu-
merous ; in the whorls, &c.
Narrow-leaved Leucas. PI. diffuse.
20 L. procu'mbens (Desf. mem. mus. par. 11. p. 7. t. 3. f. 2.^
herbaceous, diffuse ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, subserrated, nearly
glabrous ; whorls 2-6-flovvered ; calyx tubular, with an equal
mouth, and lanceolate-subulate erect teeth. % . S. Native of
the East Indies, Bengal, Ceylon, Peninsula, Bundelgund, S.c.
Phlomis biflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 12. and of many other au-
thors, but not of Vahl. Nepeta I'ndica, Burm. fl. ind. p. 126.
The whole plant nearly glabrous. Stems rising from a thick pe-
rennial base. Corollas as in L. hijlora.
Procuvibcnl Leucas. PI. procumbent.
21 L. biflora (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) herbaceous, diffuse;
leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, pubescent on both surfaces ;
whorls 2-flowered ; calyx tubular, with an equal mouth, and
subulate teeth. ©.? S. Native of the peninsula of India and
Ceylon. Plilomis biflora, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 77. — Burm. thes.
zeyl. p. MO. t. 63. f. 1. Leaves pale beneath, h an inch long.
Corolla white ; tube obscurely annulate inside.
Two-Jlonered Leucas. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1819. PI.
diffiise.
22 L. pube'scens (Benth. lab. p. 610.) herbaceous ; branches
clothed with fine pubescence ; leaves ovate, crenated, truncate
at the base, thin, green on both surfaces, or pale and pubescent
beneath ; whorls densely many-floivered ; bracteas subidate,
shorter than the calyxes ; calyx tubular, with an equal mouth,
and straight subulate teeth. ©. ? S. Native of the peninsula
of India. L. marrubioides, \l, glabrior, Benth. in Wall. pi.
asiat. rar. 1. p. 61. This differs from L. marrubioidei, in the
leaves and calyxes being finely pubescent, not clothed with
white wool, &c.
Pubescent Leucas. PI.
23 L. marrubioi'des (Desf. mem. mus. par. II. p. 6. t. 3.
f. 1.) herbaceous; branches clothed with woolly pubescence;
leaves broad-ovate, crenated, subcordate at the base, wruikled,
hispid above, but clothed with white wool beneath ; whorls
densely many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, about equal m length
to the calyxes ; calyx tubular, with an equal mouth, and straight
1
LABIATE. XCI. Leucas.
subulate teeth. 0. ? S. Native of the Indian peninsula and
Ceylon. Stems procumbent at the base. Whorls above 30-
flouered. Corollas white.
Horehound-like Leucas. PI. procumbent.
24 L. Java'nica (Benth. lab. p. 611.) stem branched, scan-
dent ; branches obversely pilose on the angles ; leaves ovate,
bluntly serrated, acutish at the base, and quite entire, pubescent
on both surfaces ; whorls 6-10-flowered ; calyx oblong, pubes-
cent, 10-toothed : teeth subulate, the alternate ones shorter.
©. ? S. Native of Java, among bushes on the banks of rivers.
Phlomis Chinensis, Blum, bijdr. p. 829. but not of Retz.
Far. fi ; leaves smaller, clothed with soft pubescence on both
surfaces. Q.I S. Native of Java, on declivities between
Moimt Burangrang and Tankuwan Paku.
Java Leucas. PI. climbing.
Sect. V. A'strodon (from airrijp, aster, a star ; and o^ovg
ocot'Tos, odous odonios, a tooth ; in allusion to the teeth of the
calyx spreading in a stellate manner.) Benth. lab. p. 611. A's-
trodon, Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 61. Calyx tubular,
with an equal mouth, and a usually very villous throat, and 10
teeth, which usually spread in a stellate manner at the time of
maturity. Whorls usually globose, many-flowered, solitary or
few, the upper ones sometimes capitate. Bracteas scarcely
shorter than the calyxes.
25 L. suFFRUTicosA (Benth. lab. p. 611.) branches clothed
with rufous villi, leafy at the base ; leaves sessile, oblong-lan-
ceolate, linear, quite entire, green and hispid above, and clothed
with white tomentum beneath ; bracteas subulate ; calyx clotjied
with rufous villi, with a truncate villous mouth, and very short
rather spreading teeth. Tj . S. Native of the Indian penin-
sula, on the Nielgherry mountains. Stems numerous, rising from
a woody base. Leaves 8-10 lines long. Whorls about 10-
flowered. Corollas as in L. tervijolia ; tube exannulate in-
side.
Suffrultcose Leucas. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
^6 L. RosMAKiNiFOLiA (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose ; branches
clothed with adpressed villi ; leaves sessile, linear, quite entire,
scabrous from hairs above, but clothed with white tomentum
beneath ; bracteas lanceolate-linear ; calyx villous, with a trun-
cate villous mouth, and very short rather spreading teeth. Ij .
S. Native of the Indian peninsula, Wight. Allied to the pre-
ceding, but the hairs are hardly rufescent. Leaves an inch
long, much narrower. Bracteas broader, very acute, equalling
the calyxes.
Rosmary-leaved Leucas, Shrub dwarf.
27 L. HELiANTHEMiFOLiA (Desf. TOcm. mus. par. 11. p. 2. t.
1.) stems shrubby at the base; branches clothed with silky sub-
rufescent wool ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong-elliptic or lan-
ceolate, quite entire, silky on both surfaces, but greener above,
and very white beneath ; bracteas linear, shorter than the ca-
lyxes ; calyx clothed with silky villi, with a truncate villous
mouth, and very short rather spreading teeth. Ij . S. Native
of the Indian peninsula, on the Nielgherry mountains, Lesche-
nault and Wight. Differs from L. terni/olin, in the leaves being
opposite, shorter, less white ; and in the branches being usually
rufescent.
Sun-rose-leaved Leucas. Shrub dwarf.
28 L. TERNiFOLiA ( Desf mem. mus. par. 11. p. 4. t. 1. f. 2.)
stem shrubby at the base ; branches densely tomentose ; leaves
3 in a whorl, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, silky on
both surfaces, very white beneath ; bracteas linear ; calyx cloth-
ed with silky wool, with a truncate villous mouth, and very
short, rather spreading teeth. h . S. Native of the Indian
peninsula, on the Nielgherry mountains. Branches clothed with
dense white or rufescent wool. Leaves 1 to Ij inch long.
Whorls 10-20-flowered. Galea of corolla densely clothed witii
white hairs ; tube exannulate inside.
Tern-leaved Leucas. Shrub dwarf.
29 L. LANCEAFOLiA (Dcsf. mem. mus. 11. p. 5. t. 2. f. 2.)
stem erect, clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, almost quite entire, green and pubescent above, but
canescent and clothed with tomentose pubescence beneath ;
bracteas equalling the calyxes ; calyx clothed with rufous villi,
with a truncate pubescent mouth, very short teeth, which are, as
well as the bracteas, stiffly mucronulate. 1(..S. Native of the
Indian peninsula, on the Nielgherry mountains. Leaves 3-4
inches long. Galea of corolla densely clothed with white villi ;
tube finely pubescent inside, but exannulate.
Lance-leavcd Leucas. PI. 7 to 8 feet.
30 L. stelli'gera (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 61. Benth. lab.
p. 613.) herbaceous, erect, pubescent and sub-canescent ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, bluntly serrated, glabrous or finely pubes-
cent ; calyx tomentose, with a truncate mouth, which is villous
inside ; teeth 1 0, and are, as well as the bracteas, subulate, soft,
spreading, revolute at top. ©. ? S. Native of the East Indies,
at Aurungabad, Wall. Habit of L. linifblia. Leaves 2-3
inches long. Whorls usually solitary, or 2-3 approximate at
the tops of the branches. Corolla white ; tube annulate in-
side.
Star-bearing Leucas. PI. Ij foot.
31 L. lamiifolia (Desf. mem. mus. 11. p. 4. t. 2. f. 1.) her-
baceous, clothed with rufous villi ; leaves cordate-ovate, clothed
with rufous villi above, and hoary tomentum beneath ; bracteas
lanceolate-linear, equalling the calyxes; calyx silky, with a
truncate equal mouth, which is villous inside, and subulate
teeth, which at length spread in a stellate manner. ©. ? S.
Native of the Indian peninsula, on the Nielgherry mountains.
Leaves crenated, 2 to 2^ inches long. Whorls few, towards the
tops of the branches, densely many-flowered. Flowers like
those of L. lancecefblia.
Dead Nettle-leaved Leucas. PI. 2 feet.
32 L. hi'rta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743.? Benth. lab. p. 613.)
suffruticose ? ; branches clothed with rufescent villi ; leaves
ovate or oblong, sub-crenated, green and hairy on both sur-
faces ; bracteas equalling the calyxes ; calyx villous, with a
truncate very villous mouth, and 10 short subulate stellately
spreading mutic teeth. >j . ? S. Native of the peninsula of
India, Heyne. Phlomis lurta, Heyne, and perhaps of Roth,
nov. spec. pi. p. 2G4. ? Lciicas helianthemifolia, Benth. in
Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 61. but not of Desf. Plant divari-
cately branched. Leaves scarcely an inch long. Whorls usu-
ally solitary, on the tops of the branches. Galea of corolla
densely clothed with white hairs.
Hairy Leucas. Shrub i foot.
Su L. vesti'ta (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 61. lab.
p. 613.) herbaceous, erect ; stem clothed with rufescent hairs;
leaves ovate-oblong, crenated, hairy, green, or scarcely canes-
cent beneath ; bracteas linear, ciliately hairy ; calyx hairy, with
a truncate nearly equal mouth, which is very hairy inside, and
hardly equal subulate teeth, which spread in a stellate manner.
G- ? S. Native of the peninsula of India, on the Madura moun-
tains ; and of Silhet. Stem more robust than in L. ciliata.
Tube of corolla annulate inside.
Clothed Leucas. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
34 L. cilia'ta (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous, erect, clothed with
adpressed pubescence ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, ser-
rately crenated, green on both surfaces ; bracteas linear, cili-
ately hairy ; calyx tubular, with a truncate equal mouth, which
is rather pilose inside or naked, with elongated subulate hairy
stellately spreading teeth. 0.?S. Native of Nipaul. Leaves
LABIAT.E. XCI. Leucas.
849
2-3 inches long. Whorls few, distant, towards the tops of the
branches. Corollas as in L. Zcylanica ; tube annulate inside.
Ciliated Leucas. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. VI. Plagiostoma (from TrXnyioc, plagiox, transverse;
and OTOf^a, stoma, a mouth ; in reference to the oblique mouth
of the calyx.) Benth. lub. p. GN. Plagiostoma, Bcnth. in
Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 60. Calyx turbinate or tubular, with
an oblique mouth, whicii is drawn out above. Whorls usually
globose, many-flowered, solitary or few : upper ones sometimes
capitate. Bracteas equal to, or a little shorter than the calyxes.
35 L. STRi'cTA (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous, erect, strict, pubes-
cently hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, almost quite
entire ; whorls many-flowered, solitary, terminal ; bracteas
subulate, liairy ; calyx hairy, sub-striated, wilh an oblique
mouth, and subulate striated teeth, which spread at length in a
stellate manner. ©. ? S. Native of the Indian peninsula.
Leaves remote, 1 to 1|^ inch long. Whorls 1-2 together, form-
ing a head, 15-iO-flowered. Corollas as in L. Zcylanica.
Strict Leucas. PI. ?
36 L. Zeyla'nica (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) herbaceous, erect,
pubescently hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, quite en-
tire, or few-crenate ; whorls dense, many-flowered, dimidiate or
nearly equal ; bracteas linear, hairy ; calyx glabrous at the
base, almost veinless, striated at top, a little incurved, with an
oblique mouth, and short teeth, the upper teeth the largest.
O. S. Native of Ceylon ; aKo of Pegu, near Rangoon. Phlo-
niis Zeylanica, Lin. spec. p. 820. but not of Roxb. Leonurus
marrubiastrum, Burm. fl. ind. 127. but not of Lin. — Rumpli.
amb. 6. p. 39. t. 16. f. 1. Leaves distant, green. Whorls 10-
20-flowered, 1 or 2 together at the tops of the branches. Co-
rollas white.
Ceylon Leucas. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1777. PI. 1 foot.
37 L. DiFFu'sA (Benth. lab. p. G15.) herbaceous, diffuse, pu-
bescently hairy ; leaves oblong or linear, quite entire ; whorls
few-flowered, dimidiate, remote; bracteas linear, hairy; caly.K
glabrous at the base, almost veinless, striated at top, hairj', a
little incurved, with an oblique mouth, and short hardly unequal
teeth. 0. S. Native of the Indian peninsula. L. dimidiata,
Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. but not of Roth. Leaves nearly
sessile, remote, r, an inch long. Whorls remote, secund, 4-12-
flowered. Very nearly allied to L. lispera.
Diffuse Leucas. PI. 1 to 1| foot, difllise.
38 L. HvssopiFor.iA (Benth. 1. c.) herbaceous, perennial,
many-stemmed, ascending, hairy ; leaves oblong-linear, quiie
entire ; whorls dense, nearly equal ; bracteas linear, scarcely
pilose ; calyx glabrous, almost veinless, or scarcely striated at
apex, rather hairy, with an oblique truncate mouth, and minute
setaceous hairy teeth. 1/ . S. Native of Nipaul and Kamaon,
Wall. ; Deyra Dhoon, Royle. Stems numerous, rising from a
thick woody base, ascending. Leaves 1 to 1^ inch long.
Whorls 10-20-flowered, distant. Calyx shortly 10- toothed.
Corollas white.
Hyssop-leaved Leucas. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
39 L. a'spera (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743.) herbaceous, pubes-
cently hairy ; leaves oblong or linear, sub-crenated, green ;
whorls dense, equal ; bracteas oblnng-linear, or subulate, hairy ;
calyx glabrous at the base, almost veinless, striated at top, and a
little incurved, with an oblique mouth, and short, scarcely un-
equal teeth. 0. S. Native of the Himalaya, along the river
Jumna, even to Allahabad, Royle; Indian peninsula, Wight;
Mauritius, Bourbon, Java, and the Phihppines, &c. Phlomis
aspera, Willd. enum. 2. p. 621. Plilomis Plukenctii, Roth, nov.
pi. spec. 261.? Leucas Plukenetii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743.?
Phlomis esculenta, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 10. Phlomis cephalotis,
VOL. IV.
var. Blum, bijdr. p. 830. ? Tumba, Rheed, mal. 10. p. 181. t.
91.? Stems hispid, or tomentosely pubescent, rarely glabrous.
Leaves entire or few-toothed. Whorls usually 10-20-flowered.
Corollas vvliite ; tube annulate inside.
far. ft, lyighliaiia (licnth. lab. p. 610) whorls small, nume-
rous, approximate. 0. S. L. Wightiiina, Bentii. in Wall. pi.
rar. asiat. 1. p. 60.
Rough Leucas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818, PI. 1 to 3 feet.
40 L. nu'tans (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743.) herbaceous, pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate-oblong, crenated a little, green ; whorls
many-flowered, distant; bracteas oblong or lanceolate; calyx
pubescent, striated, much elongated in the fructiferous state,
incurved, nutant, with an oblique mouth, and short, linear,
scarcely uneciual teeth. 0. ? S. Native of the Indian penin-
sula ; and near Segr.in, and on the banks of the Irawaddi.
Leaves broader than in L. aspera, with the crenatures fewer and
more obscure. Corollas small-
Nodding-ca\y}i.ed Leucas. PI. ?
41 L. dimidia'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743. Benth. lab. p.
616. but not of Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat.) herbaceous,
pubescently hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, subcrenated, green ;
whorls many-flowered, usually solitary, terminal ; bracteas
linear-subulate, hairy ; calyx glabrous at the base, almost vein-
less, striated at top, incurvedly reflexed, with an oblique mouth,
and short scarcely unequal teeth. 0. ? S. Native of the
Bunnan Empire, on the banks of the Irawaddi. Nearly allied
to L. nutans, but differs in the shorter calyxes, minute bracteas,
solitary whorls ; and with the habit and leaves of L. Zcy-
lanica.
Dimidiate Leucas. PI. ?
42 L. cethalotis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743.) herbaceous, pu-
bescently hairy; leaves ovate or oblong, subserrated, green;
whorls usually solitary, large, globose, densely many-flowered ;
bracteas ovate-lanceolate, acute, imbricated ; calyx striated at
top, rather villous, with an oblique mouth, and short, scarcely
unequal teeth. 0. S. Native of the East Indies, common ;
Nipaul, Bengal, and the Peninsula. L. capitaia, Desf. mem.
mus. 11. p. 8. t. 4. Phlomis cephalotes, Roth, nov. pi. spec.
262. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Wiiorls terminal. Corollas
white ; lower lip large, obcordate.
Headed I.CUCAS. Fl. Jidy, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
43 L. Martinice'nsis (R. Br. prod. p. 617.) herbaceous, pu-
bescent, scarcely canescent ; whorls distant, large, globose, many-
flowered ; bracteas lanceolate-subulate ; calyx membranous, in-
curved, with an oblique luouth, which is drawn out above, and
with about 10 subulate teeth, the upper tooth very long. ©. S.
Native of tiie tropics in both hemispheres ; as of the East In-
dies, Madagascar, west coast of Africa, West Indies, Brazil, &c.
Clinopodium Martinicensis, Jacq. amer. p. 173. t. 177. f. 75.
Plilomis Martinicensis, Swartz, prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 88. Phlo-
mis Cariha;'a, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 11. l. 110. Leonurus par-
vifiorus, Moench, mcth. p. 401. Phlomis mollis, .Schnm. pi.
guin. 263. Leaves ovate, crenated, rounded at the base, but
more often cuneated : upper ones lanceolate. Bracteas sub-
spinescent. Corollas small, white ; tube cxannulate inside.
Martinico Leucas. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1781. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
44 L. linifo'lia (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 743.) herbaceous, erect,
clothed with fine canescent pubescence or tomcntum ; leaves
oblong-linear, quite entire, or remotely serrated ; whorls dense,
nearly equal, many-flowered ; bracteas linear, canescent ; calyx
canescent or glabrous, almost veinless, elongated above, with a
very obli(|Ue mouth, the lower teeth very short, and the upper
tooth very large. 0. S. Native of the East Indies, Bengal,
and the Peninsula, very common ; Madagascar, Mauritius,
5 Q
850
LABIATiE. XCI. Leucas. XCII. Leonotis. XCIII. Phlomis,
Bourbon, Moluccas, Philippines, &c. Phlomis linifolia. Roth,
nov. spec. pi. p. 260. Plilomis Zeylanica, Roxb. fl. intl. 3. p.
9. Lin. syst. 450. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 11. t. 111. but not of
Lin. spec. L. lavandulaefolia, Smith, in Rees' cyel. vol. 2.
Leonurus I'ndicus, Burm. fl. ind. p. 127. Herba admiratio-
nis, Rumph. amb. 6. p. 39. t. IG. f. 1. Leaves 2-3 inches
long. Whorls distinct, 2-4 towards the tops of the branches.
Corollas like those of L. Zeijlunica, white.
Flax-leaved Leucas. Fl! July, Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to
1| foot.
Cult. Most of the species of Zeikrti', being annual, the seed
should be reared on a hot-bed early in spring ; and when tlie
plants are about 1 inch in height, they should be planted into
separate small pots, and afterwards shifted from size to size of
pots, as they increase in size ; and in the summer tiiey may be
placed in the greenhouse, where they will flower and seed freely,
if plenty of air be given through the day. The suffruticose spe-
cies should be treated like other stove plants, and they will be
readily increased by cuttings or seeds.
XCIL LEONO'TIS (from Xtwj', leon, a lion ; and ovg wroc,
ous otos, an ear; lion's ear; fanciful likeness in the corollas.)
R. Br. prod. p. 504. Bentli. lab. p. 618. — Phlomis species of
Lin. and other authors.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-tubu-
lar, 10-nerved, incurved at apex, with an oblique sub-10-tooth-
ed mouth ; the upper tooth tiie largest. Corolla haying the
tube usually exserted, naked, or incompletely annulate inside,
and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip concave, erect, elongated, en-
tire : lower lip short, spreading, trifid, the middle segment
hardly larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, ascending, didy-
namous, tlie lower 2 the longest ; filaments naked at the base ;
anthers approximating by pairs under the lower lip, 2-celIed :
cells divaricate, acute. Upper lobe of style very short. Ache-
nia dry, obtuse at apex. — Herbs or sub-shrubs. Whorls many-
flowered, usually very dense. Bracteas numerous, linear-subu-
late. Corollas showy, scarlet or yellowish.
1 L. NEPET.EFOUA. (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) herbaceous ; leaves
ovate, crenated ; teeth of calyx all spiny : upper one large ;
corollas scarlet, scarcely twice as long as the calyx. ©. S.
Native of Asia and Africa, within the tropics ; West Indies,
and Brazil, in moist places. Ker. bot. reg. 4. t. 281. Phlomis
nepetsefolia, Lin. spec. 820. Leonurus globosus, Mocnch,
meth. 400. Leoniirus nepetsefolius, Mill. diet. no. 2. — Herm.
lugdb. 115. t. 117.? Stem pubescent or tomentose. Leaves
2-4 inches long, obtuse, rarely acutish, truncate or subcordate
at the base, green on both surfaces, clothed with hoary tomen-
tum beneath or glabrous. Whorls few, distant. Corolla vil-
lous, scarlet.
Cal-mint-kaved Lion's-Ear. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1778. PI.
2 to 7 feet.
2 L. pa'llida (Benth. lab. p. 619.) herbaceous ; leaves
ovate, acute, bluntly serrated ; calycine teeth all spinose : upper
one large, ovate; corollas yellouish, scarcely exceeding the ca-
lyxes. ©. S. Native of Guinea. Phlomis pallida, Schiuii. pi.
gum. p. 262. Phlomis Africana, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 82. t.
111. Very nearly allied to L . ncpetcefoVm ; but diflfers in the
leaves bemg more acute, on shorter petioles, and especially in
the corollas being smaller, and yellowish.
/"nZe-flowered Lion's-Ear. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
3 L. ovATA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 744.) herbaceous; leaves
ovate, deeply crenated ; calycine teeth all spinose ; upper tooth
large, ovate ; corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx. Q. ?
S. Native of South Africa, without the tropic, Burchell.
Phlomis Leonotis, Lin. mant. p. 83. Mill. fig. t. 162. f.
1. Stems tomentosely pubescent. Leaves scarcely an inch
long, broadly truncate or subcordate at the base, pubescent
above, and tomentosely pubescent beneath. Whorls size of
those of i. nejietcefolia. Corollas orange-coloured, size of those
of Z. Leonurus.
Oua^e-leaved Lion's-Ear. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1713. PI.
2 to 7 feet.
4 L. interme'dia (Lindl. bot. reg. 10. t. 1850.) herbaceous
or suftVuticose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply toothed ; whorls
very dense, globose ; calyx villous, with mutic teeth ; corolla
about 3 times as long as the calyx. fj . ? or 1^. ? Native of
Algoa Bay. Habit of L. ovata ; but the leaves are 2 or 3 times
as long, bluntly acuminated, and the tomentum on the lower sur-
faces of the leaves, as well as on the petioles and branches, is
more dense. Corollas orange-coloured, a little shorter than
those of i. Leonurus.
Intermediate lAon's-^HLX. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1822. Shrub?
3 to 4 feet.
5 L. parvifo'lia (Benth. lab. p. 619.) shrubby ; leaves
ovate, wrinkled, and are, as well as the branches, canescent ;
upper tooth of calyx ovate, spinescent : lower ones all very
short and mutic ; corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx.
Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Masson. This
species differs from L. oi'tila, in the leaves being smaller, more
wrinkled, canescent, and in the form of the mouth of the calyx.
Stems woody and humble. Corollas of L. Leonurus.
Small-leaved Lion's-Ear. Shrub humble.
6 Leonu^rus (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) shrubby ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, bluntly serrated ; whorls rather loose ; calyx clothed
with fine pubescent tomentum, with mutic teeth ; corolla more
than 3 times as long as the calyx. fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Phlomis Leoniirus, Lin. spec. p. 820. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 478. Leoniirus grandiflorus, Mcench, meth. 400.
Leoniirus Africanus, Mill. diet. no. 1.- — Knor. del. 2. t. 50. —
Sabb. liort. rom. 3. t. 44. — Breyn. cent. 171. t. 86. — Seba,
mus. 1. p. 22. t. 14. f. 1. Branches tomentose. Leaves 2
inches long, obtuse, tomentose beneath and pubescent above.
Whorls distant or approximate. Corollas 2 inches long, scarlet,
villous.
Lion's-tail Li\on's-F,ar. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1712. Shrub 3
to 6 feet.
Cult. The species are all very showy when in blossom.
Any light rich earth will suit them ; and young cuttings of the
shrubby kinds strike root readily in sand, with a hand-glass
over them. The annual kinds should be treated in the manner
recommended for the species of Leucas, see above.
XCIIL PHLO'MIS ((pXufioe, of Dioscorides ; from ^Xoi,
j>hlox, <p\oyoQ, plilogos, a flame ; the down of some species was
used formerly as wicks.) R. Br. prod. p. 504. Benth. lab. p.
620. — Phlomis species of Lin. and other authors. Phlomidopsis,
Link, handb. p. 479. — Phloinoides, Moench, meth. p. 403.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, 5 or
10-striped, usually plicate, with an equal, truncate, or tridentate
mouth. Corolla with an inclosed or scarcely exserted tube,
usually annulate inside, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip galeate,
keeled, compressed, broad, entire or emarginate, incumbent or
erectish : lower lip spreading, trifid. Stamens 4, ascending,
didynaraous : the lower 2 the longest ; upper filaments adnata,
usually drawn out into an appendage at the base : lower ones
naked ; anthers approximate by pairs under the galea, some-
what 2-celled : cells divaricate, obtuse, confluent. Superior
lobe of style very short, the lower lobe subulate, stigmatiferous
at apex. Achenia dry, triquetrous, obtuse at apex, rarely trun-
LABIATE. XCIII. Phlomis.
851
cate, glabrous or pubescent at apex. — Herbs, under-shrubs, and
shrubs ; in the first section clothed with floccos^' wool, and in
the second section green. Leaves wrinkled. Whorls many-
flowered, axillary, propped by bracteas, rarely naked. Corollas
in the first section yellow or purple ; but in the second section
purple or white.
Sect. I. Euphlo'mis (from ev, eu, well ; and phlomis ; so
called because this section is supposed to contain the true spe-
cies of the genus.) Benth. lab. p. 622. Galea of corolla large,
incumbent, tomentose, rarely villous, shortly somewhat bearded
inside and along the margins ; lateral segmenls of the lower lip
small, furnished each with a lanceolate, or ovate, truncate, small
appendage; the middle lobe large, very broad, rounded, emar-
ginate, or somewhat 2-lobed.
§ 1. LycnNi\is (from Xvxvoq, lychnos, a lamp; down used for
making wicks.) Benth. lab. p. 623. Plant suffrullcosc. Floral
leaves broadly dilated at the base, clasping thejlowers.
1 P. lychni'tis (Lin. spec. p. 819.) sufFruticose, clothed with
hoary tonientum ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear, narrowed at both
ends, stem-clasping, wrinkled ; floral leaves very broad at the
base ; bracteas subulate, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed
with silky pili, with short subulate teeth. H . H. Native of
Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean, in dry places ; as
of Spain, South of France, North of Italy. ? Sims. bot. mag.
999. Jlill. fig. 203 — Lob. icon. 558. — Barrel, icon. 1321.
Stems numerous, simple, rising from a woody base. Cauline
leaves 2-3 inches long, and scarcely 4 lines broad, green or
canescent above, very veiny, and clothed with white tomentum
beneath. Corolla yellow, twice as long as the calyx. The dry
leaves of this sort are used for wicks ; hence its specific name,
and its Spanish one of Candtlera.
L/n/t Phlomis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1C58. Shrub 2 feet.
§ 2. Gymnophlomis (from yujuroc, gymnos, naked ; and
(pXo/^wc, phlonws, the Greek name of Mullien ; so called from
the whorls being almost destitute of bracteas.) Benth. lab. p.
623. Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Floral leaves nairoived
at the base. JVhorls few-Jlowercd. Bracteas few, loose or want-
ing. Calycine teeth soft, mutic.
2 P. Brlguie'ri (Desf. mem. mus. 11. p. 9. t. 5.) perennial
or suffruticose, very white from floccose tomentum ; leaves
ovate-oblong, roundly cuneated at the base, densely woolly ;
whorls about 6-flowered ; bracteas linear, loose ; calyx very
pilose, with lanceolate soft plumose teeth, which exceed the
corolla. % . F. Native of Persia, near Kermanchan. Stems
almost simple. Leaves 2-3 inches long, acutish, a little cre-
nated, and a little wrinkled. Whorls approximate. Corollas
deep red, a little smaller than those of P. bjchmtis. Superior
filaments thickened at the base, scarcely appendiculate.
Bruguier's Phlomis. PI. 1 to li foot.
3 P. crini'ta (Cav. icon. rar. 3. p. 25. t. 247.) perennial or
suffruticose, clothed with very white floccose wool; leaves ovate-
oblong, roundedly truncate at the base, the radical leaves sub-
cordate, very thick, densely woolly on both surfaces ; floral
leaves narrowly rounded at the base; whorls 6-10-flowcred ;
bracteas linear, loose ; calyx very pilose, with linear plumose
mutic teeth, which are shorter than the corolla. % . F. Native
of Spain. Stems rising from a woody base. Kadical leaves 2-3
inches long, almost quite entire. Whorls disposed in a panicu-
lately branched raceme. Corolla like those of P. hjchntlis, yel-
low or pale orange.
Long-haired Phlomis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1
to U foot.
4 P. bi'loba (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 25. t. 127.) perennial or suf-
fruticose, woolly ; leaves ovate-oblong, rounded at the base,
clothed with sub-floccose tomentum on both surfaces ; whorls
4-6-flowered ; bracteas linear, loose ; calyx pilose, with linear
soft acute mutic teeth. %. F. Native of Algiers, near May-
ane. Lower leaves petiolate : upper ones sessile, scarcely cre-
nated. Corollas size of those of P. herba-tenli, purple, villously
tomentose outside ; upper lip bipartite. ?
Two-lobed-hyifed Plilomis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 P. orienta'lis (Mill. diet. no. 9.) perennial or suffruticose,
clothed with floccose wool ; leaves ovate : lower ones cordate at
the base, much wrinkled, villous or woolly on both surfaces ;
floral leaves narrowed at the base ; whorls C-10-flowered ;
calyx elongated, pilose, with linear, soft, acute, plumose teeth.
Tl. F. Native of Syria, near Aleppo, and about Smyrna.
Habit of P. NissuUi, but the calyx is very different. Corollas
pale brown or yellow.
Eastern Phlomis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 P. Olivie'ki (Benth. lab. p. 624.) shrubby, woolly; leaves
petiolate, ovate, narrowed at the base : lower ones cordate,
wrinkled, densely clothed with wool in the young state ; whorls
few-flowered ; bracteas short, linear ; calyx hispidly woolly,
with lanceolate-linear obtuse teeth. I^ . F. Native of Persia,
between Bagdad and Kermanchan, and between Kermanchan
and Armadan. Bracteas as in P. Armentaca, but more hispid ;
but the calyxes are less pilose, and the stems more simple than
in P. orientalis.
Olivier s Phlomis. Shrub.
7 P. Armeni'aca (Willd. spec. 3. p. 119.) perennial, clothed
with floccose wool ; radical leaves on long petioles, cordate-ob-
long, obtuse, crenated ; cauline leaves lanceolate, attenuated at
the base ; whorls 6-flowered ; bracteas loose, subulate, mucro-
nulate ; calyx clothed with tomentose wool, contracted at the
apex in the fructiferous state, with subulate mucronate straight
teeth. %. F. Native of Armenia; and of Caucasus, in dry
stony places among the Talusch mountains, near Perimbal and
Swant. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 4. t. 364. P. orien-
talis, angusto et lineare folio, flore luteo, Tourn. cor. p. 10.
Stems simple. Leaves obscurely crenated. Whorls distinct,
usually 6-flo'.vered. Corollas yellow, similar to those of P.
lychmtis, twice the length of the calyx, clothed with stellate
pubescence outside.
Armenian Phlomis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1834. PI. -J to 1
foot.
8 P. NissoLii (Lin. spec. p. 819.) perennial or suffruticose,
densely clothed with sub-floccose wool ; leaves petiolate, ovate-
oblong, deeply cordate at the base, much wrinkled ; whorls few-
flowered ; bracteas very short ; calyx densely woolly, with
ovate acuminated soft mutic teeth. % . F. Native of Syria,
near Smyrna and Aleppo. Mill. fig. 204. Stems rising from a
woody base. Lower leaves petiolate, 4-5 inches long, crenu-
lated. Whorls distant. Corolla yellow, similar to that of P.
lychnltis ; but the upper lip is a little acuminated, and the mid-
dle lobe of the lower lip more deeply emarginate.
Nissole's Phlomis. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1757. PI. 1 to U
foot.
§ 3. Dendropiilomis (from iti'ipov, dcndron, a tree; and
<pXofioc, phlomos, the Greek name of Mullien ; in allusion to the
species being woody). Benth. lab. p. 625. Shrubs, rarely sub-
shrubs. Whorls dense. Bracteas adpressed, ?iiinierous, about equal
in length to the calyxes. Calyxes usually truncate, mucronate.
9 P. pcrpu'rea (Lin. spec. p. 818.) shrubby; branches
5 a 2
832
LABIATiE. XCIII. Phlomis.
clothed with floccose tomentiim ; leaves oblong, obtuse, cre-
nated, truncate or subcordate at the base, greenish above, and
clothed with white toraentum beneath ; bracteas oblong-lanceo-
late, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with white tomen-
tutn ; calycine segments lanceolate, softly acuminated. I7 . H.
Native of Spain, near Malaga. Smith, spicil. G. t. 7. P. ferru-
ginea. Mill. diet. no. 12. P. salvisefolia, Jacq. hort. schojnbr.
3. p. 58. t. 359. Floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, much longer
than the whorls. Corollas reddish-purple ; upper lip tomen-
tosely villous outside. Appendages of upper filaments subu-
late.
P«rp/e-flowered Phlomis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1661. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
10 P. Ita'lica (Smith, spicil. 1. t. 6.) shrubby, clothed with
floccose tomentum ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, truncate
at the base, wrinkled ; whorls dense ; bracteas linear, obtuse,
adpressed, about equalling the calyxes, clothed with floccose
tomentum ; calyx truncate, with very short obtuse mutic teeth.
^2 . H. Native of Spain, Italy, and Balearic Islands. P. ro-
tundifolia. Mill. diet. no. 13. fig. 202. Wool subferruginous or
■white. Leaves all petiolate, 2-3 inches long, velvety on the
upper surface, a little crenated. Corollas purple. Upper fila-
ments thickened a little under the insertion. This differs from
P. purpurea in the calyxes and bracteas.
Italian Phlomis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1C6I. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
TIP. ELLi'pTicA (Benth. lab. p. 626.) shrubby, clothed with
subfloccose tomentum ; leaves ovate-elliptic, truncate at the
base, much wrinkled, clothed with floccose tomentum beneath,
or on both surfaces : whorls dense, many-flowered ; bracteas
lanceolate, linear, bluntish, stiff, clothed with floccose wool ; calyx
truncate, witli linear stiff pungent teeth. T7 . F. Native of
Persia. Branches at length glabrous towards the tops. Leaves
an inch long, at length naked above, but clothed with floccose
tomentum on both surfaces while young. Whorls about 10-
flowered. Corolla purplish.
Elliptic-\ea\ed Phlomis. Shrub.
12 P. lana'ta (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 41.) shrubby; branches
divaricate, clothed with subfloccose wool ; leaves small, ovate-
roundish, very blunt, roundly cuneated at the base, much wrin-
kled, green above, and clothed with white wool beneath ; brac-
teas ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the calyxes, and
are, as well as them, clothed with white wool ; calycine teeth
very short, obtuse, or stiffly mucronulate. Ij . H. Native of
Calabria and Candia. P. parvifolia, Presl. del. prag. p. 86. P.
microphylla, Sieb. in bot. zeit. 1823. 2. p. 598. Shrub divari-
cately much branched. Branches clothed with rusty wool.
Whorls solitary on the branches, or twin and remote, 6-8-flow-
ered. Corolla yellow ; upper lip clothed with velvety to-
mentum.
/f'oo//)/ Phlomis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1696. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
13 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Mill. diet. no. 2.) shrubby; branches
clothed with floccose tomentum ; leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse,
truncate at the base, much wrinkled, canescent above, and
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; bracteas lanceolate, cloth-
ed with soft white tomentum, mutic ; calyx clothed with white
tomentum ; calycine teeth truncate, mucronate, very short and
stiff. Ij . F. Native among rocks in the desert of Sinai, Bove ;
and in the Grecian Archipelago. P. flavescens, Mill. diet. no. 10.
This species differs from P. purpurea, in the stem being taller ;
in the calyxes being truncate, &c. Corolla cream-coloured, size
of those of P. purpurea.
Narrow-leaved Phlomis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596. Shrub.
14 P. FiiUTicosA (Lin. spec. p. 818.) shrubby; branches
clothed with floccose tomentum ; leaves ovate or oblong, roundly
cuneated at the base, wrinkled, green above, and clothed with
white tomentum beneath ; whorls densely many-flowered ; brac-
teas broad-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, greenish, ciliated,
villous ; calyx villous, with truncate teeth, which end each in a
subrecurved, or spreading, subulate, stiff acumen. Tj . H. Na-
tive of the region of the Mediterranean, in dry exposed places
of mountains; as of Sicily, Abruzzo, Greece, Levant, &c. Sims,
bot. mag. 1843. Sibth. et Smith, fl. giiec. 6. p. 51. t. 563.
P. ferruginea, Hortul. but not of Tenore nor Mill. P. latifolia,
Mill. diet, no 3. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 15. Shrub branched.
Tomentum of branches usually yellowish. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, quite entire, or more or less crenated, villous above.
Whorls solitary or twin at the tops of the branches, 20-30-flow-
ered. Corollas yellow or dusky yellow, showy. Appendages of
upper filaments recurved.
Shrubby Phlomis, or Jerusalem Sage. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1596. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
15 P. ferrugi'nea (Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p. 36. t. 57.) shrubby;
branches clothed with loose floccose tomentum ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, crenulated, cordate at the base, much wrin-
kled, villous and green above, but clothed with loose floccose
tomentum beneath ; bracteas lanceolate, hispid ; calyx villous,
with a long-haired throat, and short stiff subulate teeth. I; . H.
Native of Lticania and Japygia, Tenore. Branches clothed with
rusty purple loose wool. Leaves 2-3 inches long, green above,
and canescent beneath. Whorls 12-20-flowered. Corollas yel-
low, densely tomentose outside. Appendages of upper fila-
ments short, acute.
far. (i, Crelica (Benth. lab. p. 627.) leaves lanately villous,
canescent; bracteas linear-subulate. Ij . H. Native of Can-
dia. P. fruticosa, Sieb. pi. cret. exs. P. Cretica, Presl. del
prag.
RusUj PhloiTiis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
16 P. visco'sA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 271.) shrubby; branches
scarcely tomentose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated,
truncate or subcordate at the base, green above, and scarcely to-
mentose beneath ; whorls many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate-
linear, ciliated ; calyx hispid, with truncate, subulately acumi-
nated, stiff, rather spreading teeth, 2 of the teeth longer than the
rest. ^i . H. Native of the Levant. P. virens, D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. p. 132. Nearly allied io P. ferruginea ; but the
leaves are broader, greenish, and scarcely wrinkled ; and the
calyx is distinct. Leaves form of those of P. fruticbsa, rather
villous above. Whorls about 16-flowered. Corollas yellow,
villous outside.
Clammy Phlomis. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 to 3
feet. ?
§ 4. OxYPHLOMis (from ol.vq, oxys, sharp ; and <p\ofioQ, phlo-
mos, the Greek name of Mullien ; in reference to the very acute,
stiff, sub-pungent bracteas.) Benth. lab. p. 628. Herbs or
tinder-shrubs. JVhorls usually many-Jlowered, rarely so low as
6-Jlowered. Bracteas very acute, rvith stiff, rather pungent tops.
17 P. FLOcco'sA (D. Don, in bot. reg. t. 1300.) suffruticose;
branches clothed with white floccose wool; leaves ovate-oblong,
cordate at the base, greenish above, and much wrinkled, and
clothed with floccose wool beneath ; whorls densely many-flow-
ered ; bracteas linear, clothed with white wool, and are, as well
as the calycine teeth, subulate, stiff, glabrous, and hooked at
apex. Ij . F. Native of Egypt. Leaves with the auricles
closed at the base, covered with canescent villi above. Whorls
few, distant, large, 20-30-flowered. Corollas yellow, size of
those of P. Samia.
Floccose Phlomis. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1828. Shrub 2 feet.
18 P. Bi'coLOR (Benth. lab. p. 629.) corolla deep yellow out-
side ; lower lip purplish above ; bracteas entire ; calyxes mucro-
LABIATE. XCIII. PiiLOMis.
853
nate ; mucrones blackish, {"labrous, hooked, fj . H. Native of
Lybia, in the mountains of Cyrenaica Vivian!. P. Samia, Sims,
bot. mag. t. 1891, S. Samia, /3, bicolor, Viv. fl. lib. spec. 30. t.
15. f. 2. Habit almost of P. /rw/icdid. Bracteas not joined at
the base, as in P. Samia. Calyxes and bracteas hairy, not
woolly as represented in Viviani's figure.
rjiio-co/oMCcrf-flowered Phlomis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1714.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 P. Rl'ssellia'na (Lag. mss. Benth. lab. p. 629.) her-
baceous ; branches tall, almost simple ; radical leaves very
ample, ovate, deeply cordate at the base, and are, as well as the
cauline leaves, wrinkled, green above, and canesceiit from to-
mentum beneath ; whorls large, many-flowered ; bracteas linear,
very acute, and are, as well as the calyxes, green and pubes-
cent; calyx truncate, with long stiff subulate spreading teeth.
Ti. H. Native of Syria, near Aleppo. P. herba-venti, var.
Russ. nat. hist. alep. 2. p. 269. t. 16. P. lunarifolia, fl, Rus-
selliana, Sims, bot. mag. 2542. Branches clothed with loose
white tomentum. Leaves 6-8 inches long. Whorls 40-50-
flowered. Corollas yellow or brownish ? tomentose outside.
Appendages of superior filaments subulate.
Russell's Phlomis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 3 to 5
feet.
20 P. lunarifo'lia (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. grgec. p. 414.)
steins herbaceous, tall, pubescent; leaves ovate, wrinkled above,
canescently tomentose beneath ; whorls many-flowered ; brac-
teas broad-lanceolate or oblong, acute, subciliated, and are, as
well as the calyxes, green ; calyx truncate at apex, rather mem-
branous, with subulate stiff pungent teeth. 1,!.H. Native of
the Peloponnesus, in various places ; and on Mount Athos.
Bracteas 3 times as broad as those of P. Russcllmna. Corollas
yellow.
Honesty-leaved Vh\ijm\s. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL 3
to 4 feet.
21 P. Sa'mia (Lin. spec. 819.) stems herbaceous, tall, pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, wrinkled above, and clothed with canescent
tomentum beneath ; whorls many-flowered ; bracteas linear,
very acute, pungent, and are, as well as the calyxes, green and
pubescent ; calyx elongated, plicate, with lanceolate-subulate
stiff pungent teeth. %. H. Native of Eubcea, Samos, Cera-
mania, &c. Vent, choix. t. 4. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p.
52. t. 564. Allied to P. Russelliana ; but the stems are less
tomentose, the whorls sometimes 10-15-flo«ered. Calyx 9-10
lines long, pubescent and clammy. Corollas purple. " Leaves
ovate-cordate, crenated," ex Desf.
Samos Phlomis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1714. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
22 P. ri'gida (Labill. icon. pi. syr. rar. 3. p. 15. t. 10.) her-
baceous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, wrinkled, clothed with sub-
floccose tomentum, having the nerves and petioles pilose ;
whorls many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, stiff, punfjent ; calyx
liairy, with subulate stiff teeth. V.. H. Native of Syria, near
Damascus, in sandy places. Stems woolly from short hairs, in-
termixed with long hairs. Leaves obtuse, crenulated, cordate at
the base, but the cauline ones are roundly cuneated at the base.
Corollas yellow, almost like those of P. Lychnltis. Filaments
not appendiculate, ex Labill.
SttJ PMomis. PI. 2 feet.
23 P. Cashmeria'na (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc.
3. p. 382. lab. p. 630.) herbaceous, erect : stem densely clothed
\\ith floccose tomentum; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, cre-
nated towards the apex, broadly rounded at the base, wrinkled,
pubescent or villous above, and clothed with dense white tomen-
tum beneath ; bracteas subulate, ciliated, longer than the ca-
lyxes ; calyx clothed with floccose wool, with subulate stiff
spreading teeth. 1/. H. Native in the valley of Cashmere,
Royle. Corollas larger than in P. herba-venti and P. piingens,
to which species it comes nearest. Galea densely villous.
Cashmere Phlomis. PI. 1 to li foot.?
24 P. he'rba-ve'nti (Lin. spec. 819.) herbaceous, erect, diva-
ricately much branched ; branches beset with long hairs ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, crenated, rounded at the base, coriaceous,
green on both surfaces, or canescent beneath, always shining
and rather scabrous above ; bracteas subulate, ciliated, longer
than the calyxes; calyx hairy, with subulate stiff rather spread-
ing teeth. Tf.. H. Native of the region of the Mediterranean,
in dry places; as of Spain, Sicily, Italy, Tauria. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2449. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grace, t. 564. — Sahb. hort.
rom. 3. t. 17. Branches green or purplish. Leaves often 6-8
inches long : floral ones sessile, all much exceeding the whorls.
Whorls 10-20-flowered. Corollas purplish-violet, tomentose
outside. Appendages of upper filaments acute, sub-recurved. In
autumn, after the substance of the leaves has decayed, the
veins remain perfect, showing the complete skeletons of them ;
hence the specific name. We believe this is also the case in P.
puiigens.
Far. (i, tomcnlbsa (Benth. lab. p. 631.) leaves tomentose be-
neath.
Wind-herb Phlomis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to
\\ foot.
25 P. pu'ngens (Willd. spec. 3. p. 121.) herbaceous, divari-
cately branched ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire or serrated,
rounded at the base, shining and green above, and rather sca-
brous, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; bracteas
subulate, ciliated, rather longer than the calyxes ; calyx hairy,
with subulate stiff rather spreading teeth. If. . H. Native of
the south-east of Europe, and west of Asia, in dry mountain
places ; as of Galicia, Greece, Tauria, Caucasus, Persia, &c.
Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 33. Nearly allied to P. herba-venti :
but is distinguished from it in the tomentosely pubescent, not
pilose, stem ; in its narrower, quite entire, or serrated, not cre-
nated, leaves, which are constantly tomentose beneath ; and the
whorls are more numerous, usually 6-10-flowered, &c. Corolla
purplish-violet.
Pungent Phlomis. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. li to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Phlomidopsis (from ^Xojuoe. phlnmos, the Greek
name of MuUien ; and o-^iq, opsis, resemblance ; so called be-
cause it has been considered a distinct genus allied to Phlomis
by some authors.) Benth. lab. p. 631. Phlomidopsis, Link,
handb. p. 479. Phlomoldes, Mocnch, meth. p. 403. Galea of
corolla erectish, pilose, bearded inside and on the mar<^ins with
long pili ; middle lobe of lower lip hardly larger than the lateral
ones. — Green, hairy, or pilose herbs, rarely rather woolly.
Whorls dense. Bracteas adpressed. Corollas purple or white.
26 P. BREViFLO^RA (Bcnth. in Wall. pi. rar. 1. p. 62.) herba-
ceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate,
acuminated, crenated, truncate or subcordate at the base, rather
hispid above, and glabrous beneath ; bracteas linear, and are, as
well as the calyxes, nearly glabrous ; galea of corolla pubescent,
erect. I^.H. Native of Nipaul, on Gosainsthan, Wall. Leaves
all petiolate. Whorls 15-20-flovvercd. Calyx truncate, with
very short emarginate or acuminated teeth. Filaments scarcely
drawn out at the base. Corolla hardly a half again as long as
the calyx, white. ?
Short-Jlowercd Phlomis. PI.
27 P. MACRoriiY'LLA (W.iU. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. C2. licntli.
lab. p. 631.) herbaceous, tall, nearly glabrous. Leaves on long
petioles, very ample, hastately cordate ; floral leaves ovate, nar-
rowed at the base ; bracteas subulate, and are, as well as the
854
LABIATE. XCIII. Phlomis. XCIV. Notoch.ete.
calyxes, a little ciliated ; galea of corolla erect, very pilose in-
side. Tf.. H. Native along with the preceding. Herb many
feet high, branched. Allied to P. tuherosa. Branches furnished
with short reflexed rufescent pili at top. Petioles ciliated with
long rufous hairs. Leaves 6 inches long, hispid above, and
tomentose beneath. Whorls numerous, remote, 30-40-flovvered.
Corollas white.
Long-leaved Phlomis. PI. 3 to 6 feet.
28 P. TUBEROSA (Lin. spec. p. 819.) herbaceous, tall, nearly
glabrous ; leaves ample, ovate, obtuse, crenated, deeply cordate
at the base : floral leaves oblong-lanceolate ; bracteas subulate,
and are, as well as the calyxes, subciliated ; galea of corolla
erectish, very pilose inside. 1/. H. Native of the East of Eu-
rope and Middle Asia, in exposed fields; as of Bohemia, Mora-
via, Austria, Hungary, Podolia, South of Russia, Siberia, Tauria,
Caucasus, &c. Sims. hot. mag. t. 1555. Hall, comni. goett.
1751. t. 11. Phlomoides tuberosa, Moench,meth. p. 404-. Phlomi-
dopsis tuberosus. Link, handb. p. 480. Root tuberous in this,
and probably in many other species of the present section.
Branches and stems purplish. Lower leaves i foot long ; floral
ones 2-3 inches long, usually hastately dilated at the base or a
little cut, all green and glabrous. Whorls remote, 30-40-flow-
ered. Corollas purple ; galea crenulated. Appendages of upper
filaments recurved. Several varieties of this species occur in the
gardens.
Tuberous-rooieA Phlomis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI.
3 to 5 feet.
29 P. agra'ria (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. alt. 3. p. 411.) stem
herbaceous, simple or a little branched, hispid ; lower leaves on
long petioles, hastately cordate ; upper floral leaves shorter than
the calyxes ; bracteas subulate, and are, as well as the calyxes
ciliated and tomentosely pubescent ; galea of corolla erect, very
pilose inside. 1/. H. Native of Altaia, in cultivated fields near
Semipalatinsk. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 364. Stems many, gene-
rally simple. Leaves deeply toothed, pubescent, green above,
and subcanescent beneath ; floral leaves sessile. Whorls about
10-flowered. Corollas purplish, almost similar to those of P.
tuberosa. Appendages of upper filaments long, subulate.
/'iWrf Phlomis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1830. PI. U to 3 foot.
30 P. ald'na (Pall, in act. petrop. 1779. 2. p. 2G5. t. 13.)
stems heibaceous, simple, hispid ; radical leaves very ample,
deeply cordate ; cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate : upper floral
ones linear-lanceolate, elongated, quite entire, soft ; bracteas
subulate, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy; galea of corolla
very pilose, erect- %. H. Native of the Altaian mountains,
in subalpine shady places. Stems numerous, green. Radical
leaves 8 inches long and 6 broad, rather hispid on both surfaces.
Whorls 20-SO-flowered. Corollas purple, similar to those of P.
iuberosa.
Alpine Phlomis. Fl. Jime, Sept. Clt. 1802. PI. 1 to IJ foot.
31 P. bra'cteosa (Royle, ex Benlh. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
383. lab. p. 633.) herbaceous, tall, erect, a little branched ; stems
obversely villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, coarsely cre-
nated, broadly cordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed with ad-
pressed pili above and pale short tomentum beneath : floral
leaves almost similar to the rest ; bracteas oblong : outer ones
large, foliaceous ; calycine teeth truncate, subulate, acuminated
at top ; galea of corolla very pilose. % . F. Native of the
Himalaya, on Mount Choor, and at Kidarkonta, Royle ; Simla,
Countess of Dalhousie. Outer bracteas almost similar to the
leaves, an inch long ; sometimes oblong, quite entire, all green
like the leaves. Filaments exappendiculate. Root probably
tuberous,
Bracteate Phlomis. PI. 1 to H foot.
32 P. LAMiiFOLiA (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
383. lab. p. 633.) herbaceous, humble, simple; stems obversely
1
villous ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, crenated, deeply cordate
at the base, wrinkled, villous on both surfaces, pale beneath :
floral leaves oblong-lanceolate ; bracteas lanceolate or subulate,
ciliated, equalling the calyxes ; calyx nearly glabrous, with trun-
cate subulately acuminated teeth ; galea of corolla villous. % .
F. Native of Cashmere, on Mount Choor, and in Mussooree,
Royle ; and the mountains of Kamaon, Wall. P. latifolia, Royle,
ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 383. Upper floral leaves
scarcely exceeding the flowers. Whorls 15-20-flowered. Co-
rollas like those of P. tubcrhsa. Filaments exappendiculate.
Root probably tuberous.
Arcliaii gel -leaved Phlomis. PI. 5^ to 1 foot.
S3 P. sfiii'LEX (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
S82. lab. p. 634.) herbaceous, humble, erect, nearly simple ;
stem obversely pilose ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse,
crenated, cordate at the base, wrinkled, green on both surfaces,
villous : floral leaves nearly sessile, oblong, narrowed at both
ends ; bracteas linear, ciliated, equalling the calyxes ; calyx
membranous, rather coloured, ciliated at apex, with truncate
subulately acuminated teeth ; galea of covoUa very pilose. 'H .
F. Native of Cashmere, on the mountains of Kanaour, and at
Peer Punjale, Royle. This species differs from P. lamiifolia in
the leaves being narrower, more villous, in the corollas being
larger, and in the tube being exserted.
Simple Phlomis. PI. ^ to 1 foot. ?
34 P. corda'ta (Royle, ex Benth. I. c.) herbaceous, humble,
erect, nearly simple ; stem obversely pilose ; leaves on long
petioles, ovate-roundish, obtuse, crenated, cordate at the base,
wrinkled, densely clothed with silky villi on both surfaces : floral
leaves oblong-lanceolate ; bracteas linear, subulate, rather shorter
than the calyxes, villous ; calyx rather villous, with roundish
subulately acuminated teeth ; galea of corolla very pilose. 1/ .
F. N; tive of Cashmere, on the mountains of Kanaour, Royle.
This differs from the two preceding species in the leaves being
densely clothed with soft silky villi on both surfaces, but is per-
haps only a variety of one of them.
Curdate-\caved Phlomis. PI. ^ to 1 foot. ?
35 P. rugosa (Benth. in Wall.'pl. rar. 1. p. 62. lab. p. 634.)
suffluticose, erect, simple, rather fleshy, finely tomentose ; leaves
on long petioles, ovate-oblong, acute, serrated, narrowed or
rounded at the base ; whorls much shorter than the petioles ;
bracteas subulate, and are, as well as the calyxes glabrous ; caly-
cine teeth lanceolate-subidate ; corollas nearly glabrous. fj .
S. Native of Silhet, among the mountains. Different in habit
from the other species of this section, but it is allied in characters
to P. hrevijlora. Leaves all petiolate, green, rather fleshy, ?
nearly glabrous, 4-6 inches long. Corollas yellowish, ex Wall,
similar to those of P. brevijlora. Stamens a little exserted.
Filaments all naked at the base.
lVrinkled-\ea.\edi Phlomis. Shrub.
N.B. P. condensata, Mart. ex. Steud. nom. and P. scariosa,
Presl. ex Steud. nom. are only known by name.
Cult. All the species of Phlomis prefer a light dry soil, in
which even the more tender kinds will endure our winters. The
shrubby kinds are readily increased by young cuttings in spring ;
and the herbaceous perennial species by division and seeds.
Those marked frame should be protected in winter from frosts.
Being all ornamental, they are worth cultivating in every col-
lection.
XCIV. NOTOCH.ETE (from .wrof, nolos, the back ; and
Xot;;, chaile, a bristle or beard ; in reference to the nerves of
the calyx being drawn out into stiff' hooked bristles under the
apex of the calyx.) Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 1. p. 63. lab. p.
635.
Lin. sYsT. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubular, equal,
LABIATiE. XCIV. Notoch.ete. XCV. Eremostachys. XCVI. Eriophyton.
855
membranaceous at apex, shortly 5-tootliecl, 5 -nerved ; nerves
drawn out into subulate, stiff, uncinately revolute awns under
the top of the calyx. Corolla with an inclosed, exannulate tube ;
upper lip galeate, very pilose ; lower lip spreading, somewhat
equally trifid. Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous ; lower 2 the
longest. Filaments naked at the base ; anthers approximate by
pairs, 2-celled ; cells at length divaricate. Lobes of style short,
equal. Achenia dry, truncate at apex, naked. This genus is
allied to section A. Phlom'tdopsis of Phlumis, and particularly to
Phlbmis breviflora, but diflers in the structure of the calyx and
that of the anthers.
1 N. ham6sa (Benth. 1. c.) %.'>. F. Native of Nipaul, Wall.
.Stems herbaceous, branched, erect, pubescent. Leaves on long
petioles, 2-5 inches long, ovate, acuminated, serrately crenated,
obliquely and roundly cuneated at the base, nerved, green on
both surfaces and nearly glabrous, but tomentose beneath while
young. Whorls remote, globose, densely many-Howered, much
shorter than the petioles. Bracteas subulate, stiff, revolute,
exceeding the corolla. Corollas small, purplish.
/foo^erf-calyxed Notochaite. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Pldomls, p. 854.
XCV. EREMO'STACHYS (from tpvfxoQ, eremos, deserted ;
and (Tra^wf, stachys, a spike ; in reference to the species being
inhabitants of desert places, and from the flowers growing in
verticillate spikes.) Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 414. Benth.
lab. p. 636.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx amply tubu-
lar, subcampanulate or funnel-shaped, with 5 spinose or mu-
crone-formed teeth ; limb large and membranaceous. Corolla
with an inclosed tube, which is annulate or naked inside, and
a gaping bilabiate limb ; upper lip elongated, galeate, some-
what compressed, attenuated at the base, pubescent outside,
and bearded inside and on the margins ; lower lip spreading, tri-
fid, the lobes all rounded, but the middle one is the broadest.
Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous, the lower 2 the longest.
Superior filaments thickened into an obtuse or fringed appen-
dage at the base ; anthers approximate by pairs, 2-celled : cells
divaricate. Style bifid at top ; lobes subulate, equal, or the
upper one is scarcely a half shorter than the lower. Achenia
dry, densely pilose at apex. — Rather branched herbs. Radical
leaves larger than the cauline ones, entire or dissected. Whorls
many-flowered, usually approximate at the tops of stem or
branches. Bracteas adpressed. Corollas usually yellow or
cream-coloured, rarely purple.
1 E. lacinia'ta (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 416.) leaves
pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or linear, deeply pinnatifid ;
calyx amply tubular, campanulate, hardly dilated at apex. If..
H. Native of the Levant, Eastern Caucasus, and Siberia, Per-
sia, &c. Phlomis laciniata, Lin. spec. 819. Sweet fl. gard. 1.
t. 24. Stems nearly simple. Radical leaves | foot long : floral
leaves scarcely exceeding the calyxes. Petioles, stems, and
nerves of leaves clothed with loose wool. Whorls 10-20-flow-
ered, upper ones approximate. Calycine teeth spinosely mucro-
nate. Corollas purplish ; tube annulate. Appendages of upper
filaments obtuse, nearly entire. Lobes of style unequal.
Jagged-leaved Eremostachys. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1
to Ig foot.
2'E. supe'rba (Royle, ex Benth. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
281. lab. p. 637.) radical leaves large, pinnate; leaflets 2-3
pairs : lower ones petiolulate : outer one very long : all broad and
coarsely crenate-lobed, green on both surfaces : floral leaves
ovate, acute, almost quite entire ; calyx amply tubular, scarcely
dilated at apex. Ij. . H. Native of the East Indies, at Kheere
Pass, and Deyra Dhoon, Royle. Royle, ill. pi. himal. t. 74.
Radical leaves Ih foot long, the ultimate leaflet 10 inches
long ; petioles and petiolates villous ; but the limb is almost
glabrous. Stems woolly towards the top. Whorls 6-flowered,
disposed in dense racemes. Calycine teeth ending in spiny mii-
crones. Corollas almost as in E. laciniata, but yellow ; tube
exannulate. Appendages of upper filaments obtuse, scarcely
fringed. Lobes of style equal.
Superb Eremostachys. PI. I to 2 feet.
3 E. PHLOMofuns (Bunge, in Ledeb. H. alt. l.p. 411-. fl. ross.
alt. ill. t. 122.) leaves ovate, toothed; calyx tubular, scarcely
dilated at apex, with spreading spinose teeth. 1/. JL Native
of Altaia, in saltish places, adjacent to the Arkaul and Dolenkara
mountains. Stems branched, hairy from long soft white pili, as
well as calyxes and bracteas. Radical leaves petiolate, obtuse ;
and floral leaves sessile, acute, spiny-toothed, narrowed at the
base. Whorls 6-flowered, distinct. Bracteas subulate, spinose.
Corolla pale yellow, one half smaller than in E. laciniata.
Appendages of upper filaments short, fringed.
P/ilomis-like Eremostachys. PI. 1 foot.
4 E. TUBERosA (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 415.) leaves
ovate, toothed ; calyx glabrous, tubular at the base, with a mem-
branaceous rather spreading limb, which is shorter than the tube,
and ending in 5 spinose teeth. %. H. Native of Siberia, at
Lake Inderio. Molucella tuberosa, Pall. itin. 3. append, no.
101. t. 1. Leaves clothed with loose wool, and tlie petioles
with dense wool, the rest of the plant glabrous ; radical leaves
petiolate ; cauline ones sessile. Whorls 6-flowered, rather dis-
tant. Corolla cream-coloured, about twice as long as the calyx.
Appendages of upper filaments, shortly fringed.
Tuberous-rooted Eremostachys. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
5 E. molucelloi'des (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. atl. 2. p. 41 (J.)
leaves ovate, toothed ; base of calyx tubular, pube-icent, and
with the limb large and membranaceously dilated, furnished with
5 short mucrones. 1/ . H. Native of the Kirgliisean Steppe,
in dry sandy places. Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 437. Phlomis
lanigera, Sievers in Pall, beytr. 7. ex Bunge. Root thick, tube-
rous. Stems usually almost simple, clothed with white wool at
the knees and base, the rest with spreading white hairs. Radical
leaves wrinkled, rather hispid above, and clothed with villous
wool beneath. Whorls 6-flowered. Corolla cream-coloured,
like that of E. tuberusa. Genitals and achenia like those o( E.
tuberosa.
Molucella-like Eremostachys. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cull. For culture and propagation, see Phlomis, p. 854.
XCVr. ERIOPHYTON (from tp.o.', enon, wool; and (pvro;
phyfon, a plant; in allusion to the plant, wliich is clothed with
long white wool.) Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 63. lab.
p. 638.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx membranous,
amply campanulate, equal, 5-toothed. Corolla with an inclosed
tube and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip large, galeate, c )mpressed,
incumbent ; lower lip small, trifid, with rounded lobes. Stamens
4, ascending, didynamous, the lower ones the longest ; superior
filaments appendiculately thickened at the base ; anthers ap-
proximate by pairs, 2-celled : cells divaricate. Style about
equally bifid at top; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous at apex.
Achenia dry, naked. This genus is nearly allied to Eremosta-
chys, but differs in the form of the calyx and corolla, as well as
in habit, which is nearly that of Phlomis.
1 E. Walliciiia-num (Benth. in Wall. 1. c.) V- F. Native
of Nipaul, on Gosainsthan. Wall. Stems rising from a tube-
rous root, ? simple. Lower leaves small ; superior and floral
ones rhomboid or orbicular, subcuneated at base, sessile, cre-
nated, very soft. Whorls 6-flowered. Calycine teeth rather
LABIATtE. XCVII. Molucella. XCVIII. Holmskioldia. XCIX. Hymenocrater. C. Achyrospermum.
856
spiny at top. Corollas yellow ; galea large, orbicular. The
upper parts of the stems, leaves, calyxes, and galea of corolla
clothed with very long loose white wool.
Waliich's Eriopbytum. PI.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Phlbmh, p. 854.
XCVII. MOLUCE'LLA (a dim. from Molucca Islands, of
which one of the species was supposed to be a native.) Lin. gen.
no. 724. Schreb. gen. 979. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 320. t. 66.
Juss. gen. p. 115. Benth. lab. p. 639.— Moliicca, Tourn.
Moench. — Chasnionia, Presl.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx obliquely cam-
panulate at the base, striated ; limb ample, dilated, reticulately
veined, with 5-10 raucrones or spines. Corolla with an inclosed
tube, which is obliquely annulate inside ; limb bilabiate ; upper
lip erect, entire or emarginately bifid ; lateral lobes of lower lip
erectish ; middle lobe spreading broad, obcordate. Stamens 4,
didynamous, ascending, lower ones the longest ; filaments naked
at the base ; anthers laterally pedicellate at the tops of the fila-
ments, 2 celled : cells almost distinct, divaricate. Style about
equally bifid at apex; stigmas nearly terminal. Achenia dry,
acutely triquetrous, truncate at apex. — Annual quite glabrous
herbs. Leaves petiolate, deeply crenated or cut ; floral leaves
similar to the cauline ones. Whorls axillary, many-flowered.
Bracieas subulate, spinose.
1 M. i,.e'vis (Lin. spec. 821.) limb of calyx large, membra-
naceous, subpentagonal, with 5 very short mucrones or teeth.
©. H. Native of Syria and Palestine. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
grac. 6. p. 53. t. 56G. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1852. Molucca
Ise'vis. Riv. mon. t. 64. Moench, meth. p. 404. — Sabb. hort.
rom. 3. t. 45. Plant quite glabrous in every part, smooth. Stem
a little branched, floriferous almost from the base. Leaves on
long petioles, roundish, coarsely crenated, rounded or cuneatcd
at the base. Whorls usually 6-flowered, distant. Corolla white,
shorter than the limb of the calyx, furnished with an almost
complete membranaceous not pilose ring inside the throat.
Smoolh Molucca Balm. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1570. PI. 1 to
1| foot.
2 M. spiNosA (Lin. spec. 821.) limb of calyx short, coria-
ceous, sub-bilabiate, with 8 spines. O. H. Native of the region
of the Mediterranean ; as of Sicily, Naples, Palestine, Mount
Parnassus, &c. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 54. t. 567. Lam.
ill. t. 510. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 46. Chasmonia incisa, Presl.
fl. sic. 37. Bot. reg. 1244. M. armata, Sieb. pi. exs. Molucca
spinosa, Moench, meth. p. 404. Habit of M. Ice'vis, but more
rigid. Leaves smaller, with mucronulate teeth. Inflorescence and
bracteas like those of 71/. Ice^is. Corolla exceeding the calyx a
little, furnished with a pilose ring inside, cream-coloured.
^^jHiy Molucca Balm. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. Uto
2 feet. ■
Cull. The seeds of these jilants should be reared on a hot-bed
early in autumn or spring; and when the plants are of sufficient
size they should be planted in separate pots, and kept under
glass, until the middle of May, when they may be planted out of
doors in any warm dry situation, where they will flower and seed
freely ; for if the seeds are sown out in the open ground in
spring, the plants in this case come into flower so late that they
seldom, if ever, ripen seed.
XCVIII. HOLMSKIOLDIA (named in memory of Theo-
dore Hdlmskiold ; author of Coriphjei clavarias Ramarias com-
plectentes, 1 vol. fol. ; Copenhagen, 1790, and other works.)
Retz, obs. 6. p. 31. Benth. lab. p. 642. Hastingia, Smith,
exot. bot. 2. t. 80. — Platunium, Juss. ann. mus. 7. p. 76.
LiN. syst. Didynaviia, Gymnospermia. Calyx with a very
short tube and a large subrotately campanulate, membranaceous,
veiny, almost entire limb. Corolla with an elongated, incurved
tube, which is naked inside, a subdilatcd throat, and a sub-bila-
biate limb ; upper lip bifid, with erectly spreading segments ;
lateral segments of the lower lip small, reflexed : middle one
ovate, spreading. Stamens 4, ascending, didynamous, lower ones
the longest and exserted ; upper filaments dilated a little at the
base ; anthers 2-celled : cells parallel. Style nearly entire,
or the upper lobe is very short, stigmatiferous at apex. Ovarium
bipartite, with deeply bifid, scarcely bipartite lobes. Achenia
rugose, rather fleshy.? Shrub with the habit of Verbenacece.
Allied to Molucella by the calyx ; and to Melissineee in the co-
rolla ; and to the tribes Prasihe and Ajugo'idece.
1 H. sANGuf NEA (Retz. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of Hindostan
and Silliet, &c. Hastingia cocci-
nea, Smith, 1. c. Platunium rd- FIG. 87.
brutii, Juss. 1. c. Shrub with
divaricate, tetragonal, glabrous,
often tubercled branches. Leaves
petiolate, ovate, acuminated,
hardly toothed, somewhat trun-
cate at the base, 2-4 inches
long, glabrous, green on both
surfaces. Raceniules axillary,
scarcely longer than the peti-
oles, constantly composed of a
few 2-4-flowered whorls. Calyx
red or blood coloured. Corolla
red. Genitals exserted. (fig. 87.)
Bloody -ca\yKed Holmskiol-
dia. Fl. ? Clt. 1796. Shrub.
Cult. Any light rich earth, or
a mixture of equal parts of loam,
sand, and peat, will suit this shrub; and young cuttings will be
readily rooted in the same kind of soil in heat, with a hand-glass
placed over them.
XCIX. HYMENOCRA'TER (from i/i^r, hymen, a mem-
brane; and (.parijp, krater, a cup ; in allusion to the large mem-
branous calyx.) Fisch. et Meyer, ind. sem. hort. petrop. 1835.
p. 31).
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx with a short
13-nerved tube, and a large membranous spreading 5-cleft limb ;
lobes ovate. Corolla with an exserted tube and a sub-bilabiate
limb ; upper lip bipartite ; lower lip tripartite, having the middle
segment large and emarginate. Stamens inclosed, didynamous,
ascending under the upper lip ; eel's of anthers divaricate.
.Stigma bilabiate. Achenia dry, subovate, glabrous, tubercled.
This genus comes near to Roylea and Holmskioldia, but differs
from the first in the quinquefid limb of the calyx, bipartite
upper lip of corolla, as well as in the divaricate cells of anthers ;
and from the latter in the spreading limb of calyx, exserted co-
rolla, bipartite upper lip and tubercled achenia ; and from Molu-
cella in the form of the corolla.
1 H. BiTUMiNosus (Fisch. et Meyer, 1. c.) fj . F. Native
of the North of Persia, on arid hills. A humble glabrous shrub,
having leaves much like those of Nepeta Pannoiiica, viscid, and
smelling of bitumen. Cymes axillary, 5-7-flowered, crowded,
furnished with oblong, almost quite entire floral leavts. Throat
of calyx closed by villi. Corollas violaceous, painted vvith white
lines. Achenia black.
Bituminous Hymenocrater. Shrub humble.
Cult. For culture and pro] agation, see P/iloniis, p. 854.
C. ACHYROSPE'RMUM (from axvpov, achtpon, chaff; and
aiztpfMa, sperma, a seed ; so called because the achenia are
LABIATjT!. C. Achyrospf.rmum. CI. Colquhounia. CII. Gompiiostemma.
857
crowned by a paleaceous arillus.) Blum, bijdr. p. 840. Beiilli.
lab. p. 6V3.
Lin. syst. Dldynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx larger than
the corolla, sub-bilabiate ; upper lip erect, trilid ; lower one
a little shorter, spreading, bifid. Corolla longer than the calyx,
tubular ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip short, erect, emarginate ;
lower lip semitrifid, the middle lobe large and concave. Stamens
4, nearly eiiual, ascending; anthers 1-celled. Achenia 4, inclosed
in the permanent calyx, crowned by a paleaceous aril above.
— Herbs with opposite toothed leaves, which are clothed with
soft pubescence. Flowers verticillately spicate, terminal.
1 A. DENsiFLORUM (Blum. bijdr. p. 841.) spike cylindrical,
dense-flowered; bracteas many-flowered; leaves obovate-ohlong,
acute, quite entire at the base. J/ .? S. Native of Java, on tiie
edges of rivulets about Linga Jattie in the province of Cheribon.
Dcnse-Jlowered Aehyrospermum. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
i! A. pnLOMofcEs (Blum, bijdr. 841.) spike loose ; bracteas
1 -flowered, biglandular at the base inside ; leaves obovate, ob-
tuse, quite entire at the base. If.? S. Native of Java, in the
liiglier woods, in humid places on Mount Burangrang.
Plilonih-like Aehyrospermum. PI. i, to 1 foot. ?
;! A. FRUTicosuM (Benth. lab. p. G43.) shrubby, with pubes-
cent branches ; leaves ovate, obtuse, broadly crenated, rounded
at the base, minutely glandular beneath, on cuneated winged pe-
tioles ; whorls 6-flowered, disposed in loose terminal spikes.
It . S. Native of Madagascar, Lyall, Bojer. Siphotaxis rosea,
Bojer, mss. Ovarium densely beset with pubescent scales at
apex. Calyx pubescent, with an oblique 5-toothed mouth. Co-
rolla of Holmskioldia, twice as long as the calyx, of a splendent
rose colour.
Shrubby Aehyrospermum. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Holmskioldia, p. 856.
CI. COLQUHOU~NIA (named in honour of Sir Robert Col-
([uhoun, Bart., resident at Kamaon.) Wall, in Lin. trans. 13.
p. 608. tent. fl. nep. 1. p. 13-14. Benth. lab. p. G44.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnosperinia. Calyx tubularly cam-
panulate, 10-nerved, subincurved, almost equally 5-tootlied, and
having the throat naked inside. Corolla with an exserted in-
curved tube, which is naked inside, a dilated throat, and a bila-
biate limb ; upper lip erect, entire, flattish ; lower one rather
.spreading, with a short ovate entire lobes. Stamens 4, ascend-
ing, didvnamous, lower ones the longest ; filaments naked at the
base ; anthers approximate, 2-celled : cells at length divaricate.
Style about equally bifid at top ; lobes subulate, stigmatiferous
at apex. Achenia oblong, dry, smooth, drawn out into a mem-
brane at top. — Twining or scandent, usually tomentose, not pilose
shrubs. Whorls loose, axillary, or approximating into a termi-
nal spike. Bracteas minute. Corollas scarlet.
1 C. cocci'nea (Wall. 1. c. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 13. t. C.) leaves
nearly glabrous, roughisli, canescent from fine tomentum while
young, as well as the calyxes ; calycine teeth ovate, obtuse ;
upper lip of corolla ovate. Ip . '^ G. Native of Nipaul. Has-
tiugia scandens, Roxb. 1 Holmskioldia scandens. Sweet. ? Leaves
ovate, acuminated, 3-4 inches long. Whorls few-flowered, ap-
proximating into a spike, which is leafy at the base, and some-
times disposed in short axillary racemules. Calyxes tomentose.
Corolli! scarlet, twice the length of the calyx.
Var. /3, parviflbra (Benth. lab. p. 644.) young leaves and ca-
lyxes hardly tomentose. Tj . '^ S. Native of Gosainsthan.
<S'car/e<-flowered Colquhounia. Shrub twining.
2 C. vesti'ta (Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 14. pi. asiat. rar. 3. p.
43. t. 267.) under surfaces of leaves, stems, and calyxes clothed
with white tomentum ; calycine teeth ovate, obtuse ; upper lip
of corolla ovate. Ij.^G. Native of Kamaon, Wall. Corollas
a little smaller than those of C. coccinea, but the habit is similar.
VOL. IV.
Clothed Colquhounia. Shrub twining.
3 C. e'i.kgans (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 65. and 3. p. 43. t.
268.) stems, leaves, and calyxes clothed with velvety pubes-
cence ; calycine teeth broad-lanceolate, acutish ; upjier lip of
corolla oblong. Ij . ^ S. Native of Ava, on Mount Taong
Dong. This differs from both the preceding by the calyx
being one half smaller, in the corolla being more exserted, with
a wider throat, and in the colour being orange, dotted with blood
red, not scarlet.
Elegant Colquhounia. Shrub twining.
Cull. These elegant and curious shrubs are well fitted for or-
namenting rafters in greenhouses or stoves. A light rich soil
will answer them well, or one composed of equal parts of loam,
sand, and peat ; and young cuttings will strike root readily in
the same kind of earth under a hand-glass in a little bottom
heat.
Tribe X.
PRASIE'jE (the genera contained in this tribe agree with
Prdsium in the characters given below.) Benth. lab. p. 646.
Calyx nearly equnl. Corolla bilabiate. Stamens 4, ascending,
didynamous ; lower ones the longest. Achenia fleshy, rather
baccate.
CII. GOMPHOSTE'MMA (from yofifoe, gomphos, a club ;
and (jTtjifxa, stemnia, a crown ; in reference to the tube of co-
rolla beinu inflated above the middle.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p.
12. Benth. lab. p. 646.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-cam-
panulate or tubular, nearly equal, 5-toothed, with the throat
naked inside. Corolla with a straight usually exserted tube,
which is exannulate inside, and inflated above the middle, bila-
biate ; lips nearly equal ; upper one erect, entire, arched ; lower
lip spreading trifid. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip,
lower ones the longest. Anthers approximate by pairs ; cells
parallel, transverse. Style about equally bifid at top, with subu-
late lobes ; stimnas minute. Achenia fleshy. — Perennial herbs
with usually simple erect stems, or with the stems procumbent
and rooting at the base. Leaves generally ample, thick, villous
or tomentose. Flowers rather large. Whorls sometimes spicate,
and sometimes axillary and remote.
1 G. strobili'num (Wall. 1. c. Benth. lab. p. 647.) stem
erect ; leaves elliptic-ovate, wrinkled, hispid above, and tomen-
tose beneath ; whorls crowded into a terminal spike or tiie lower
ones are remote and axillary : floral leaves bractea- formed,
broad ovate, exceeding the calyxes ; calyx campanulate, clothed
with soft tomentum, with ovate-lanceolate teeth ; corolla about 3
times as long as the calyx. Tf.S. Native of the Burman Em-
pire, at Meong, Prome, and on Mount Taong Dong. Stems
tomentose, erect. Cauline leaves 6-10 inches long, and 3-6
broad. Corollas yellow, pubescent outside ; tube exceeding the
calyx, hardly incurved.
6'/rot(7t'-spiked Gompiiostemma. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
2 G. viRiDii (Wall. 1. c. Benth. 1. c.) stem erect; leaves
elliptic-ovate, flaccid, rather hispid above and pubescent beneath;
whorls few-flowered, crowded into a short terminal spike; floral
leaves bractea-formed, broad-ovate, exceeding the calyxes ; calyx
campanulate, clothed with soft villi : teeth lanceolate ; corollas
twice as long as the calyx. Tf. S. Native of the Burman Em-
pire, in the province of Tavoy. Very nearly allied to G. slrobi-
Ihmm, but of more humble stature. Leaves pale green. Spike
few-flowered. Calyx large.
Green Gompiiostemma. PI. 1 foot. ?
5 R
858
LABIATE. CII. GoMPHosTEMMA. cm. Phyllostegia.
3 G. Heynea'num (Wall. 1. c. Benth. 1. c.) stem erect ;
leaves elliptic-ovate, wrinkled, clotlied with soft tomentutn above
and dense floccose tomentum beneath ; whorls crowded into a
terminal spike, or the lower ones are rather remote and axillary :
floral leaves bractea-formed, broad-ovate, exceeding the cal3'xes ;
calyx campanulate, clothed with soft tomentum, with ovate-lan-
ceolate teeth, which are hardly shorter than the corolla. 1/ . S.
Native of the Indian Peninsida, on mountains near Courtallum.
Habit and stature of G. strob'dlnum, but differs in the tomentum
being floccose, in the floral leaves being wrinkled above and to-
mentose, not glabrous, in the corollas being smaller, inclosed
tube, S:c.
Heyne's Gomphostemma. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
4 G. oBLONGUM (Wall. 1. c. Benth. lab. p. 648.) stem erect ;
leaves oblong-elliptic, wrinkled, rather hispid above, and clothed
with dense tomentum beneath : floral leaves similar to the rest ;
whorls axillary, remote, few-flowered ; calyx campanidate, to-
mentose, with lanceolate-linear elongated acute teeth ; corolla 3
times as long as the calyx. ^ . G. Native of the Burman
Empire in the province of Tavoy. Leaves smaller and narrower
than in G. slrobilinum. Whorls 2-4-axillary, 6-10-flowered. Co-
rolla pubescent outside.
ObiongAeaveA Gomphostemma. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 G. LuciDUM Wall. 1. c. Benth. 1. c.) stem erect; leaves
elliptic-ovate, shining above and pilosely hispid, and densely
clothed with rufous tomentum beneath : floral leaves similar to
the rest ; whorls axillary, remote ; calyx tubularly campanulate,
tomentose, with short lanceolate teeth ; corolla 3 times as long
as the calyx. %. S. Native of the East Indies at Choppedong.
on the Tenasserim coast ; and in Pundua. Habit of the pre-
ceding, but more robust. Stems clothed with dense rufous to-
mentum. Leaves toothed or quite entire. Whorls 10-30-flow-
ered. Corollas yellow, tomentose outside.
Shining Gomphostemma. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 G. PARViFLORUM (Wall. 1. c. Benth. 1. c.) stem erect ; leaves
elliptic-ovate, pubescent above and tomentose beneath : floral
ones conform to the rest ; whorls axillary, remote, loosely many-
flowered ; bracteas lanceolate or linear, exceeding the calyxes ;
calyx campanulate, with lanceolate linear teeth, which are subu-
late at apex ; corolla slender, twice as long as the calyx. %. S.
Native of Nipaul, Silhet, and Penang. Habit of preceding, but
the flowers are more numerous in the axils, loosely fasciculate.
Corolla yellow, pubescent outside ; throat less inflated.
Small-flowered Gomphostemma. PI. 2 to 3 feet.?
7 G. MULTIFLORUM (Benth. lab. p. 648.) stem erect ; leaves
elliptic, scarcely pubescent above, and tomentose beneath : floral
leaves similar to the rest; whorls axillary, remote, loosely many-
flowered ; bracteas ovate, foliaceous, exceeding the calyxes ; ca-
lycine teeth lanceolate-linear ; corolla slender, many times lonffer
than the calyx. ■:;. S. Native of Silhet. This and G. pnrryi-
florum differ from the other specimens in the form of the brac-
teas, &c.
Many-flowered Gomphostemma. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
8 G. cRiNiTUM (Wall. 1. c. Benth. 1. c.) stem erect ; leaves
elliptic-ovate, pubescent above, and tomentose beneath : floral
leaves similar to the rest ; whorls axillary, remote, loosely many-
flowered ; bracteas linear-setaceous, about equalling the calyxes ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, inflated in tlie fructiferous state,
quite glabrous at the base, with elongated setaceous hispid teeth ;
corolla slender, twice as long as the calyx. %. H. Native of
the Burman Empire, in the province of Tavoy. Habit, inflores-
cence, and corollas of G. parv'fldnim, but the bracteas and ca-
lyxes are very distinct, and the leaves are more ample and less
wrinkled.
Long-haired Gomphostemma. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
9 G. erioca'rpum (Benth. in W^all. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 12. lab.
p. 649.) stem ascending ; leaves elliptic-oblong, coarsely toothed,
rather hispid above and tomentose beneath ; floral leaves similar
to the others ; whorls remote, few-flowered ; bracteas ovate,
denticulated; calyx campanulate, at length inflated, tomentose,
with linear setaceous teeth ; corolla villous, twice as long as the
calyx ; achenia tomentose. 2/ . S. Native of the Indian Pe-
ninsula, near Courtallum. Stems elongated, slenderer than the
preceding species. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and I5 broad.
Whorls few, about 10-flowered.
Woolly-fruited Gomphostemma. PI. ascending.
10 G. OVARIUM (Wall. 1. c. Benth. I. c.) stem erectish, rooting
at the base ; leaves broad-ovate, shining and hispid above, but
clothed with soft tomentum beneath : floral leaves similar to the
rest ; whorls axillary, remote, many-flowered ; bracteas broad-
ovate, outer ones about equalling the calyxes ; calyx campanu-
late, villously tomentose, with lanceolate-linear teeth ; corolla 3
times as long as the calyx. 1/ . S. Native of Nipaul, Wall.
Leaves smaller and broader than in the preceding. Corolla yel-
low, pubescent, nearly 1| inch long.
OK«/e-Ieaved Gomphostemma. PI. 1 foot. ?
11 G. MELissiEFOLiuM (Wall. 1. c. Benth. I. c.) stem creeping
at the base, radicant ; branches ascending ; leaves ovate, nearly
glabrous or rather hispid above, and sparingly tomentose be-
neath : floral leaves similar to the rest ; whorls axillary, remote,
loosely many-flowered ; bracteas ovate : outer ones equalling the
calyxes ; calyx hispid, with lanceolate-linear teeth ; corolla about
3 times as long as the calyx. 1/ . S. Native of Silhet. Prasium
melisscefolium, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 45. A. ind. 3. p. 26. Very
nearly allied to G. ovatum, but differs in the creeping stems, in the
leaves being scarcely tomentose beneath, and in the flowers being
smaller.
Balm-leaved Gomphostemma. PI. creeping.
12 G. veluti'num (Benth. in Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 13.
lab. p. 649.) stem creeping at the base, rooting; branches as-
cending ; leaves ovate, thick, densely clothed with velvety ptH
bescence on both surfaces : floral leaves similar to the rest ;
whorls axillary, remote, few-flowered ; bracteas oblong, equal-
ling the calyxes ; calyx tomentose, with ovate-lanceolate teeth ;
corolla about twice as long as the calyx. 1^. S. Native of
Silhet, Wall. Allied to G. melisscEfbliiim. Leaves 12-18 lines
long, 8-15 lines broad. Corolla yellow, 11-12 lines long, with a
slender tube, which is much dilated at top.
I'clvety Gomphostemma. Pl. creeping.
13 G. phlomoi'des (Benth. lab. p. 649.) leaves oblong, acute
at both ends, denticulated, pilose above, and densely clothed with
stellate tomentum beneath ; flowers fascicled, axillary. %. S.
Native of Java, in the higher mountain woods. Prasium phlo-
moides, Reinw. herb, ex Blume, bijdr. p. 840.
Phlomii-like Gomphostemma. Pl. ?
14 G. Java'nicum (Benth. lab. p. 650.) leaves rather large,
oblong, acuminated at both ends, denticulated, hairy above, and
clothed with stellate tomentum beneath ; flowers subfasciculate,
axillary. %. S. Native of Java, in humid moimtain woods.
Prasium Javanicum, Blum, bijdr. p. 840.
Java Gomphostemma. Pl. ?
Cull. Plants of easy culture. Any light rich soil will suit
the species ; and they will be readily increased by cuttings and
seeds.
cm. PHYLLOSTEGIA (from cj^vWov, phyllon, a leaf; and
ff-tyoc, stcgos, a covering ; in allusion to the foliaceous lobes of
the calyx.) Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15. under no. 1292. lab. p.
650. Prasium species. Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 452.
LiN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymno.tperniia. Calyx campanulate,
ovate or tubular, 10-nerved, nearly equal, sometimes quinquefid,
with foliaceous lobes, and sometimes shortly 5-toothed. Corolla
1
LABIAT.f:. cm. Phyllosteoia. CIV. Stknooyse.
859
having the tube exceeding the calyx, sometimes much exsertcd,
usually incurved, exannulate inside, with a nearly equal throat
and a bilabiate limb; upper lip spreading a little, entire, flattish:
lower lip longer, spreading, trifid, witli ovate lobes, the middle
lobe larger and entire. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper
lip: antheis 2-celled : cells diverging, at length divaricate. Style
nearly entire, clavate at top or shortly bifid, with clavately di-
varicate or arched lobes ; stigmas terminal, usually thickening
into heads. Achenia fleshy. — Erect or ascending, almost simple
herbs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, usually toothed. Whorls 6-10-
flowered, disposed into a terminal loose raceme, or the lower
whorls are axillary. Upper floral leaves small, bractca- formed.
Bracteas small, subulate, or wanting.
1 P. denta'ta (Benth. in hot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 651.) very
hairy ; leaves rounded at the base ; racemes dense ; calyx am-
ple, with foliaceous toothed segments ; lobes of style clavate.
'2i.?G. Native of Owhyhee, on Mount Raah, and Byron's
Bay, Macrae. Stem herbaceous, erect, nearly simple, beset with
long stiff hairs like the rest of the plant. Leaves on long pe-
tioles, 3-4 inches long ; upper floral leaves nearly sessile, shorter
than the fructiferous calyxes. Whorls about 10-flowered. Co-
rolla small.
Tootlied-caly^ed Phyllostegia. PI. 1 foot.
2 P. vesti'ta (Benth. 1. c.) very hairy ; leaves roundly trun-
cate at the base : floral leaves similar to the others ; whorls axil-
lary, distant ; calyx ample, with foliaceous quite entire segments;
lobes of style clavate. li.? G. Native of Owhyhee, in Byron's
Bay. This differs from P. dentata, in the leaves being smaller,
and in the other characters given.
Clothed Phyllostegia. PI. 1 foot.
3 P. GRANDiFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) nearly glabrous or clothed
with adpressed pubescence ; leaves rounded at the base ; raceme
loose; calycine teeth broad-ovate, foliaceous, quite entire, spread-
ing ; corolla incurved, vriore than thrice as long as the calyx ;
lobes of style arched. 1/ . ? G. Native of the Island Oahu.
Pr<lsium grandiflorum, Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. hot. p. 453. t.
65. f. 2. Stems hard, procumbent or ascending. Leaves petio-
late, 1-2 inches long, or the lower ones are 3 inches long, crenu-
lated ; upper ones small, bractea-formed. W horls 6-flovvered.
Great-Jiowered Phyllostegia. PI. ascending.
4 P. Chamissonis (Benth. in Linncea. 6. p. 79.) quite gla-
brous, rounded at the base ; racemes loose ; peduncles elongated,
trifid ; calyx shortly 5-toothed ; corolla incurved, 4 times as
long as the calyx. 1/ . ? G. Native of the Islands of Oahu and
Mowee. Prasium glabrum. Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. hot. p. 452.
t. 64. Stem branched. Leaves almost the form of those of P.
grandiflora. Peduncles trifid towards the middle. Corollas size
of those of P. grund'ijldra.
Chamisso's Phyllostegia. PI. 1 foot.
5 P. gla'bra (Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 652.) quite
glabrous ; leaves roundly cuneated at the base ; racemes short,
loose, leafy ; lower peduncles elongated, trifid ; calyx shortly 5-
toothed ; corolla erectish, scarcely 3 times the length of the
calyx ; lobes of style clavate. •); . ? G. Native of the Island
of Oahu. Allied to the preceding, but differs in the stem being
more branched, in the racemes being irregularly branched, and in
the flowers being one half smaller.
Glabrous Phyllostegia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 P. macrophy'lla (Benth. 1. c.) nearly glabrous or pubescent
at top ; leaves oblong, rounded at the base ; raceme short, loose ;
calyx shortly 5-toothed ; corolla straight, about 3 times as long
as the calyx ; lobes of style arched. 1/ . ? G. Native of several
of the Sandwich Islands. Prasium macrophyllum. Gaud, in
Freyc. voy. ])t. bot. p. 453. t. 65. f. 3. Leaves nearly like those
of P. grandijiora, but narrower and longer. Inflorescence of
P. grandijiora. Corolla pubescent.
Long-leiii'cd Pliyllostegia. PI, 2 to 3 feet.
7 P. PARvu-i.oRA (Benth. in Linnaea. 6. p. 79.) pubescently
villous ; leaves rounded or cordate at the base, clothed with soft
villi beneath ; ])edicels longer tlian the calyxes ; calycine teeth
short, acute ; tube of corolla about 3 times as long as the calyx;
lobes of style clavate, recurvedly divaricate. ^ . G. Native of
the Island of Oahu. Prasium parviflorum. Gaud, in Freyc. voy.
pt. bot. p. 453. t. C5. f. 1. Phyllostegia leptostachys, Benth. in
bot. reg. vol. 15. Leaves broad-ovate, crenated, 3-4 inches
long, canescent beneath. Corolla half an inch long, glabrous ;
tube a little incurved.
Stnall-Jtowered Phyllostegia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 P. MOLLIS (Benth. in Linnaea. 2. p. 79.) clothed with soft
velvety pubescence ; leaves cordate at the base ; pedicels shorter
than the calyxes ; calycine teeth short, obtuse ; tube of corolla
exceeding the calyx a little ; lobes of style clavate, recurvedly
divaricate. 1/ . ? G. Native of the Sandwich islands. Whorls
6-flovvered. Allied to P. parviJJdra and P. clavala.
Soft Phyllostegia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 P. clava'ta (Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 658.) pu-
bescent ; leaves roundly truncate at the base or subcordate ;
pedicels rather shorter than the calyxes ; calycine teeth short,
obtuse ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx a little ; style cla-
vate at apex, with flattened recurved stigmas. 1/ . ? G. Native
of Owhyhee. Leaves form and size of those of P. grandijiora,
but less coriaceous and more villous. Whorls 6-10-flowered.
Corollas small, pubescent.
CVniY/(e-styled Phyllostegia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 P. racemosa (Benth. 1. c.) villous ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, cordate at the base ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels very
short ; corolla one half longer than the calyx ; lobes of style
clavate. %.! G. Native of Owhyhee, on Mount Raah, Macrae.
Habit of Stuchys grandideiitata. Pubescence rather clammy.
Leaves 1| inch long. Whorls about 10-12-flowered. Corollas
small, form of those of P. clavtita.
Racemose Phyllostegia. PI. 1 foot.
11 P. ? HiRsu^TA (Benth. 1. c.) very hairy ; leaves ample, cor-
date at the base ; racemes branched ; calyx glabrous, shortly 5-
toothed. 1J.?G. Native of the island of Oahu, Macrae. Stem
as in P. dentata. Calyxes as in P. mollis.
Hairy Phyllostegia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 P. floribu'nda (Benth. lab. p. 653.) pubescent or hairy ;
leaves elliptic, ample, rounded at the base or narrowed ; cymes
axillary, loosely much branched, many-flowered, very hairy; ca-
lyx hairy, with linear teeth, which are about equal in length to
the tube of the corolla ; corolla exceeding the calyx a little.
■y . ? G. Native of the Sandwich islands, Nelson. Branches
hard, woody. ? Leaves on long petioles, 2-5 inches long. Co-
rymbs or cymes as in Bystropogon. Corollas small, almost like
those of P. racemosa, but more slender.
Bundle-flowered Phyllostegia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Gomphostemina, p.
CIV. STENO'GYNE (from (rrevog, stenos, narrow ; and yv,',i,
gyne, a female ; so called in reference to the subulate lobes of
the style.) Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 654.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate-cam-
panulate, 10-nerved, nearly equal or obliquely bilabiate; some-
times 5-cleft, with ovate foliaceous lobes ; and sometimes 5-
toothed, having the 3 upper teeth less deeply cleft than the
lower ones. Corolla with the tube exceeding the calyx, and in-
curved, and usually furnished with a pilose ring inside ; a ddated
throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip erect, emarginate : lower
lip spreading trifid, with nearly equal entire segments. Stamens
4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers 2-celled : cells at
5 R 2
860
LABIATvE. CIV. Stenogyne. CV. Prasium. CVI. Amethystea.
length divaricate. Style almost equally bifid at top, with subu-
late lobes ; stigmas minute. Achenia fleshy. — Branched, pro-
cumbent, ascending or erect herbs, with divaricate subscandent ?
branches. Leaves usually coriaceous, crenated. Whorls about
6-flowered, axillary, distant, or approximate at the tops of the
branches. Floral leaves similar to the cauline ones. Bracteas
small, subulate, or almost wanting. This genus differs chiefly
from Phyllostegia in the form of the style and corolla, and in
the axillary inflorescence.
1 S. macra'ntha (Benth. 1. c.) very hairy ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, cordate at the base ; whorls axillary, distant ; pedicels
equalling the calyxes. ^.?G. Native of Owhyhee, on Mount
Raah, Macrae.
Large-Jlowered Stenogyne. PI.
2 S. se'ssilis (Benth. lab. p. 654.) glabrous ; leaves sessile,
roundish, cordate at the base, coriaceous ; whorls approximate
at the tops of the branches. 1|.? G. Native of the Sandwich
islands, Menzies. Stem glabrous or pilose at the nodi. Whorls
few, secund. Corolla villous, twice as long as the calyx. Geni-
tals exserted a little.
SessileAeaved Stenogyne. PI. ascending.
3 S. corda'ta (Benth. lab. p. 654.) glabrous ; lower leaves
on short petioles : upper ones sessile, all ovate and cordate at
the base, coriaceous ; whorls axillary, distant. 7i . ? G. Native
of the Sandwich islands. Nelson. Allied to .S'. sessilis, but diflTers
in the more slender branches, smaller narrower leaves, inflores-
cence, and smaller flowers.
CordaieAeaved Stenogyne. PI.
4 S. rugosa (Benth. in hot. reg. vol. 15. lab. p. 655.) gla-
brous ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, coriaceous, roundly
truncate at the base ; whorls axillary, distant ; pedicels shorter
than the calyxes. ^.? G. Native of Owhyhee, on Mount
Raah, Menzies. Stems erect. ? Leaves H to 2 inches long,
rough. Whorls about 6-flowered ; corolla scarcelj' twice as long
as the calyx, nearly glabrous.
JVrinkled-\e£tved Stenogyne. PI. erect.
5 S. microphy'lla (Benth. lab. p. 655.) glabrous ; leaves
small, petiolate, acute, narrowed at the base ; whorls few, 2-
flowered, secund ; calyxes on short pedicels, equalling the leaves
in length. 1/ . ? G. Native of Owhyhee, at Mount Raah,
Macrae. Branches subscandent. Leaves scarcely 3-4 lines
long, acutely serrated. Pedicels bibracteate under the calyxes.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Small-leaved Stenogyne. PL scandent. ?
6 S. scrophularioi'des (Benth. in hot. reg. vol. 15. lab. 655.)
quite glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate, flaccid ; whorls axillary,
distant ; fructiferous pedicels longer than the calyxes ; corolla
pubescent, twice as long as the calyx. 1|:. ? G. Native of the
Sandwich islands, Menzies. Branches subscandent. ? Leaves
1 to Ig inch long, roundly truncate at the base. Whorls 6-flow-
ered. Corollas pubescent.
Figwort-leaved Stenogyne. PI. scandent. ?
7 S. Nelsoni (Benth. lab. p. 655.) glabrous ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, rather flaccid ; whorls axillary, distant ; fructiferous pedi-
cels longer than the calyxes ; corolla nearly glabrous, 3-4 times
longer than the calyx. 1/ . ? G. Native of the Sandwich islands.
Nelson. Allied to S. scrophularioldes, but differs in the larger
subcoriaeeous leaves, many-flowered whorls, longer calyxes,
longer corollas, and much exserted stamens.
Nelson's Stenogyne. PI.
Cul>. For culture and propagation, see Gomphoslemma, p. 858.
CV, PRA'SIUM (from npatxiov, a name given by Dioscorides
to a plant resembling Horehound or Marjoram, and called by
Pliny Piiisiian.) Lin. gen. no. 737. Schreb. gen. no. 992.
Gcertn. fruct. 1. p. 321. t. 66. Juss. gen. p. 117. Benth. ;ab.
p. 655.
LiN. syst. Didynamia, Gynmospermia. Calyx campanulate,
10-nerved, irregularly bilabiate ; upper lip shortly trifid ; lower
lip deeply bifid ; all the segments ovate and foliaceous. Corolla
with an inclosed tube, furnished with a ring of scale-like hairs
inside, and a bilabiate limb ; the upper lip ovate, entire, and the
lower lip trifid : the middle segment the largest and entire. Sta-
mens 4, ascending under the upper lip ; anthers 2-celled: cells
at length divaricate. Style about equally bifid at top, with subu-
late lobes ; stigmas minute. Achenia fleshy.
1 P. ma'jus (Lin. spec. 838.) Ij . F. Native of Europe
and the North of Africa, in the region of the Mediterranean, and
of Madeira. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 584. P. minus, Lin.
spec. p. 838. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 37. — Zan. hist. t. 80. — Mor.
hist. 3. p. 408. sect. 11. t. 21. f. 3.— Barrel, icon. t. 895. A
divaricately branched, usually glabrous evergreen shrub, rarely
with some of the young leaves hispid. Leaves 4 to 1 inch long,
ovate, acute, roundly truncate at the base or subcordate, irregu-
larly serrate crenated ; floral leaves similar, or the upper ones
are smaller and more entire, all exceeding the calyxes. Whorls
2-flowered, distant, axillary. Flowers on short pedicels. Co-
rollas white or pale purple, glabrous. Stamens inclosed.
Grea/e>- Prasium. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1699. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
Cult. This is a curious evergreen small shrub, which will sur-
vive our milder winters in the open air if grown in a dry sandy
or gravelly soil, in a sheltered situation ; but in moist strong
ground it is sure to perish. A reserve plant or two should be
grown in pots, tliat they may be sheltered by placing under a
frame in winter. The plant is readily increased by cuttings antl
seeds.
Trihe XL
AJUGOI'DEiE (from Ajitga, Bugle; and idea, similar;
this tribe contains genera agreeing with A'juga in the characters
given below.) Benth. lali. p. 657. Upper lip of corolla some-
times very short, sometimes cleft, with cast down, rarely erect,
arched segments ; lower lip elongated. Stamens 2-4, ascending,
usually exserted, opposite the lip. Achenia more or less reticu-
lately wrinkled. h\ many Ajugoidece, especially in some Teucria,
A'juga, Cymaria, &c., the ovarium is less deeply cleft than in
other LabiutcE ; and in Cymaria it is very evidently bipartite,
with bifid divisions, instead of being equally 4-parted ; thus con-
necting the tribe with the closely allied order of Verbenacea, ex
Benth.
CVL AMETHY'STEA (so called from the amethystine
colour of the flowers.) Lin. gen. no. 34. Schreb. gen. no. 45.
Gajrtn. fruct. 1. p. 315. t. 66. Juss. gen. 111. Benth. lab. p.
657.
LiN. sysT. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx sub-globose, cam-
panulate, erect, equal, 5-toothed. Corolla havinir the tube
shorter tlian the calyx, exannulate inside, and a declinate limb ;
the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, and cast down, and the lower
lobe larger. Stamens 2, (interior,) ascending, exserted between
the upper segments of the corolla ; the rudiments of the 2 upper
ones minute and filiform ; anthers 2-celled : cells at length diva-
ricate and sub-confluent. Style almost equal, bifid at apex.
Achenia reticulately wrinkled. — This genus only differs from
Teiicrium in the abortion of the upper stamens. In habit it
closely resembles TeUci ium corymbbsitm.
1 A. c^ru'lea (Lin. spec. p. 30.) ©. H. Native of
Asiatic Russia ; as of Altaia, Dahuria, &:c., Pallas ; and of
LABIATE. CVI. Amethystea. CVII. Tbiciiostema. CVIII. Teuciiium.
8(il
China, Sir G. Staunton. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2448. — Hall, in
comm. goett. 1751. t. 10. act. ups. 1742. p. 51. f. 1. Herb
erect, branched, glabrous, often bluisli. Leaves petiolate, 3-5-
parted ; segments oblong-lanceolate, deeply toothed ; floral
leaves smaller : upper ones minute. Cymes peduncled, loose,
racemosely panicled. Bracteas minute. Calyxes erect, bluish,
quite glabrous, with lanceolate acute teeth. Corolla blue,
scarcely exceeding the calyx.
i?/ue-flowered Amethystea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI.
1 to U foot.
Cult. This being a hardy annual, the seeds of it should be
sown in the open ground, where the plants are intended to re-
main.
CVII. TRICHOSTE^MA (from 0piS rptxoQ, thrix trichos,
a hair ; and (rr»;^iwi', slemon, a stamen ; in reference to the capil-
lary filaments.) Lin. gen. no. 73J. Schreb. gen. no. 988.
Juss. gen. no. 116. Benth. lab. p. 658.
Lin. syst. Didijnamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx sometimes
campanulate, nearly equal, deeply 5-cleft, sometimes depressedly
campanulate, very oblique, with the 3 upper teeth (from the
twisting of the pedicel inferior) elongated and connate ; and the
2 lower ones (su])erior) very short. Corolla with a slender,
usually exserted tube, which is exannulate inside, and a some-
what equally 5-cleft liinb ; segments oblong, declinate : lower
ones scarcely larger. Stamens 4, didynamous : lower ones the
longest, and much exserted ; filaments sometimes monadel-
phous ; anthers about 2-celled : cells divaricate or diverging.
Style bifid at apex ; lobes subulate ; stigmas minute. — Herbs,
with quite entire leaves, and axillary or racemose inflorescence.
Very nearly allied in character to Teucrium, but differs in
habit. Isdnlhus ought probably to be placed near this genus.
Sect. I. Streptofodium (from otpettt-oc, streptos, twisted ;
and TToi/c jrococ, pons podos, a foot ; in allusion to the pedicels
being twisted.) Benth. lab. p. 658. Calyx very oblique, re-
versed from the twisted pedicel. Pedicels solitary, opposite,
1-flowered.
1 T. linea're (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 39.) glabrous ; leaves
linear; flowers reversed. ©. H. Native of North America,
from Philadelphia and New Jersey to Louisiana. T. dichoto-
mum, Roth, nov. pi. spec. p. 280. T. brachiatum. Lam. ill. 3.
t. 515. but not of Lin.— Dill. elth. t. 285. f. 369.? Hardly
differing from T. dichotomum, unless in being constantly gla-
brous, taller in stature, larger corollas, &c. Flowers purple or
blue.
iiiiear-leaved Trichostema. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759.
PI. 1 foot.
2 T. DicHo'iOMUM (Lin. spec. p. 834.) glabrous or pubes-
cent ; leaves petiolate, oblong; flowers reversed. ©. H.
Native of North America, from Canada to Carolina. T. pilo-
sum. Roth, nov. pi. spec. p. 280. Herb paniculately branched
at top. Lower leaves about an inch long : upper floral ones
bractea-formed, shorter than the pedicels. Flowers secund.
Corollas small, blue or purple.
ZJicAotornou.s-branched Trichostema. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1759. PI. i to 1 foot.
Sect. II. Orthopodium (from ociQoq, orlhos, straight; and
TToi/c TTo^oc, pous podos, a foot ; in reference to the straight pedi-
cels.) Benth. lab. p. 659. Calyx straight, equal. Cymes
many-flowered.
3 F. OBLONGUM (Benth. lab. p. G59.) pubescent or villous ;
loaves oblong, narrowed at the base ; cymes axillary ; calyx
about 5-cleft ; tube of corolla inclosed. Q. H. Native of
North-west America, in grassy places about Fort Vancouver,
Douglas. Leaves green, distant, about an inch long, obtuse.
Whorls remote. Corolla small, blue or purple. ? Genitals ex-
serted, free.
OWong-Ieaved Trichostema. PI. J to 1 foot.
4 T. lanceola'tum (Benth. lab. p. 659.) villous; leaves lan-
ceolate ; cymes axillary ; calyx equally 5-cleft ; tube of corolla
exserted. ©. ? H. Native of North-west America, near Fort
Vancouver, in dry places at the river Multnomah ; and of New
California. Herb branched, hard at the base, and probably pe-
reimial. Leaves sessile, an inch long, stem-clasping at the base.
Whorls secund, distant. Corollas pubescent. Genitals exserted.
Filaments connate at the base.
Lanceolate-leavcii Trichostema. PI. 5 to | foot.
5 T. lana'tum (Benth. lab. p. 659.) loaves linear, with revo-
lute edges ; flowers racemose, woolly ; calyx about equally 5-
cleft ; tube of corolla much exserted. ©.? II. Native of
California, Douglas. Perennial or shrubby. ? Branches clothed
with hoary tomentum. Leaves numerous, fasciculated, form of
those of rosemary, 1-2 inches long, glabrous above, and tomon-
tose beneath. Upper floral leaves bractea-formed. Whorls
sub-secund, rather loose, 10-20-flowered. Corolla woolly.
Genitals exserted. Filaments free.
Woolly Trichostema. PI. Ij foot.
Cult. The seeds of those annual plants should be sown in
autumn, in pots filled with light earth ; and in winter the pots
should be placed under a frame, to shelter them from frosts,
but expose them at all times to the open air when the weather
is mild. In the spring transplant them on to a bed of light
earth, shading them from the sun until they have taken root.
CVIII. TEU'CRIUM (so named from Teucer, son of Sca-
mander, and father-in-law of Dardanus, king of Troy.) Lin.
gen. no. 706. Schreb. gen. no. 960. Juss. gen. p. 112.
Benth. lab. p. 660. — -ChamajVlrys, Scorodonia, Scordium, and
Polium, Tourn. inst. t. 93. 97. and 98. and Mcench. Leucos-
ceptrum. Smith.
Lin. syst. Didynumia, Gymnosperuua. Calyx tubular or
campanulate, rarely inflated, 5-toothed ; teeth equal, or the
superior one is broadest. Corolla with a short tube, which is
exannulate inside ; the 4 upper seginenls of the limb nearly
equal, or the uppermost one is broader or longer, sometimes ob-
long and declinate, and sometimes very short, and erectish ;
lower segment very large, roundish or oblong, usually concave.
Stamens 4, exserted between the upper segments, didynamous :
the lower ones the longest ; cells of anthers confluent. Style
about equally bifid at apex ; stigmas minute. Achenia more or
less wrinkled. — Herbs and shrubs, variable in habit and inflo-
rescence.
Sect. I. Leucosce'ptrum (from Xeuioc, leucos, white ; and
(TKrfvTpoy, sceptron, a sceptre ; in allusion to the long verticillate
spikes of white flowers.) Benth. lab. p. 603. — Leucosceptrum,
Smith, exot. bot. p. 113. Whorls many-flowered, densely spi-
cate. Calyx turbinate, incurved, with nearly ecjual teeth. Co-
rolla incurved, reflexed ; the upper segmorus very short, broad,
truncate, erect. — An Indian shrub, clothed with hoary to-
mentum.
1 T. macrosta'ciiyum (Wall. mss. ex Bonth. lab. p. 663.)
shrubby ; branches hoary ; leaves oblouL', clothed with dense
white tomentum beneath ; whorls many-flowered, densely spi-
cate ; calyx almost equally toothed ; upper segments of corolla
862
LABIATiE. CVIII. Teucrium.
very short and erect. T^ . G. Native of Nipaul and Silhet.
Leucosceptriim canum, Smith, exot. hot. p. 113. t. 116. Clero-
dendron Leucosceptrum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 103. Leaves
crowded at the tops of the branches, 6-8 inches long. Spikes
;!-6 inches long. Corollas white, hardly exceeding the calyxes.
Genitals much exserted.
Long-s2>iked Gervnander. Fl.? Clt. 1826. Shrub 6 feet. ?
Sect. II. Teucropsis (an alteration of the generic name.)
Benth. lab. p. 664. Teucropsis, Ging. in herb. D. C. mss.
Whorls 2-flowered, axillary, or disposed in terminal racemes.
Calyx campanulate, declinate ; the upper tooth broader, and
spreading. Corolla tomentose outside ; the upper segments
very short, broad, truncate, erect, or hardly declinate. — Hoary
shrubs, natives of the Canary Islands.
2 T. heterophy'llum (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 84.) shrubby;
branches hoary ; leaves ovate-elliptic, hoary beneath, or on
both surfaces : floral ones similar to the rest ; whorls S-flower-
ed, axillary, remote ; calyx straight, with equal teeth ; superior
segments of corolla very short, erect ; ovaria very villous. ^ .
G. Native of the Canary Islands. T. Canariense, Lam. diet.
2. p. 692. Leaves petiolate, 1-2 inches long, obtuse, quite en-
tire, or crenated towards the top. Corolla dark purple, twice
as long as the calyx. Genitals inuch exserted. Whorls 2-4
flowered.
Various-leaved Germander. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 T. Betoniciim (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 83. t. 49.) shrubby;
branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate-oblong,
hoary beneath or on both surfaces ; whorls 2-flowered, secund,
loosely racemose ; floral leaves bractea-formed ; calyx decli-
nate, with the upper tooth very large ; superior segments of co-
rolla very short : uppermost one broad, erect : lateral ones
sub- declinate, tomentose ; achenia very villous. Ij . G. Native
of Madeira, among rocks. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1114. T. beto-
nicaefolium, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 145. t. 17. f. 2. T. canescens,
Forst. comm. goett. 9. p. 58. ex Willd. T. Maderense, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 692. Scorodonia betonicEefolia, Link, handb. p. 458.
Leaves 1 to Ij inch long, crenated. Racemes loose, 3-6 inches
long. Corolla purple or lilac, pubescent ; tube a little exserted.
Genitals much exserted.
Betony Germander. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
Sect. III. Teu'cris (see genus for derivation.) Benth. lab.
p. 668. Teucris, Ging. in herb. D. C. mss. Peduncles axil-
lary, opposite, 1-flowered: or loosely cymose, many-flowered.
Calyx campanulate, erect, equal, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Four
upper segments of corolla oblong, declinate, but the lower one
is oblong and concave. Achenia reticulately wrinkled, glabrous,
rarely very villous. — Herbs, under-shrubs, or shrubs, with
quite entire or cut, rarely crenated leaves.
4 T. FRUTi'cANS (Lin. spec. 787.) shrubby ; leaves ovate,
quite entire, flat, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; pedun-
cles 1-flowered ; calyx tomentose, campanulate, equal, with
ovate obtuse teeth. I7 . F. Native of Europe and Africa, in
the region of the Mediterranean ; as of Barbary, Spain, Italy,
Naples, Corsica, Melita. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 23. t.
572. Dill. hort. elth. t. 284. f. 368. T. latifolium, Lin. spec.
p. 788. Curt. bot. mag. t. 245. T. tomentosum, Moench,
meth. p. 382. Zan. hist. t. 163. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 96.
— Barrel, icon. t. 512. Shrub divaricately branched. Leaves
on short petioles, glabrous and green above, or loosely cob-
webbed. Racemes terminal, or in short, lateral, few-flowered
branches. Corolla blue or purple, twice as long as the calyx.
In Italian and Melita specimens, the leaves are sometimes rufes-
cent beneath.
Shrubby Germander. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1640. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
5 T. brevifo'lium (Schreb. unilab. p. 27.) shrubby ; leaves
oblong, quite entire, with revolute margins, canescent on both
surfaces ; racemes short ; pe-
duncles 1-flowered; calyx to- FIG. 88.
mentose, campanulate, equal,
semiquinquefid. ^ . F. Na-
tive of Candia, on the sea shore,
Melos and Astypalea ; among
rocks. .Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
6. p. 24. t. 528. T. Crelicum,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 692. but not of
Lin. Shrub divaricately much
branched. Branches short, leafy.
Leaves scarcely \ an inch long,
obtuse, sessile : floral leaves
similar to the others. Calycine
teeth acute. Corolla purplish
or red, similar to those of T.
Crelicum. (fig. 88.)
Short-leaved Germander. Fl.
June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
6 T. Cre'ticum (Lin. spec. p. 788.) shrubby ; leaves oblong-
linear, quite entire, with revolute edges, and clothed with white
tomentum beneath, but at length almost glabrous above ; ra-
ceme elongated, strict ; flowers nearly sessile, solitary or by
threes ; calyx clothed with white tomentum, cainpanulate, with
acute teeth. Ij . F. Native of the region of the Mediterranean,
and of the Islands of Cyprus, Melos, and Astypalea, among
rocks; also of Palestine and Egypt. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
6. p. 25. t. 529. T. hyssopifolium, Schreb. unil. p. 28. T.
rosmarinifolium, Lam. diet. 2. p. 693. T. Charamoniense,
Cav. deser. 1. p. 82.— Alp. exot. 103. t. 102.— Mor. hist. 3. p.
410. sect. 11. t. IC. f. 3. Leaves approximate at the base of
the branches, very like those of rosemary. Whorls 2-6-flower-
ed. Corollas reddish purple. Genitals shorter than the lip.
Cretan Germander. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1
to 3 feet.
7 T. RACEMo'sUM (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) stem herbaceous,
strict, branched ; leaves small, oblong : lower ones a little
toothed : superior ones quite entire, all glabrous above, and
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; racemes elongated,
strict; peduncles 1-flowered; calyx campanulate, tomentose,
equal. 1/ . ? G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast,
R. Br. ; in bogs at the river Lachlan, Cunningham. Branches
twiggy, canescent. Leaves hardly h an inch long, but generally
much smaller, furnished with 1-2 teeth on both sides. Corolla
downy outside. Genitals shorter than the lip.
Racemose Germander. PI. erect.
8 T. lanceola'tum (Benth. lab. p. 666.) herbaceous? ; leaves
lanceolate, narrowed at the base : lower ones a little toothed :
upper ones quite entire, all clothed with canescent pubescence
beneath ; cymes axillary, pedunculate, corymbo>e ; calyx pubes-
cent, campanulate, with lanceolate acute nearly equal teeth.
11.1 G. Native of New Holland, near Bathurst. Branches
ascending, pubescent. Leaves 1 to l-J- inch long. Cymes loose,
longer than the leaves. Corolla pubescent, twice as long as the
calyx ; lobes all nearly equal. Stamens exserted.
/.a)!Cfo/«/e-leaved Germander. PI. ascending.
9 T. coRYMBo'suM (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) herbaceous? cloth-
ed with fine pubescence ; leaves ovate, toothed or cut, green on
LABIATE. CVIir. Teucuium.
863
both surfaces : cymes axillary, pedunculate, corymbose ; calyx
nearly glabrous, campanulate, witli lanceolate acute teeth. 1/. . ?
G. Native of New Holland, among rocks about Port Jackson ;
and of Van Dienien's Land. Stem a little branched. Leaves
distant : lower ones an inch long : upper floral ones minute,
quite entire, clotiied with fine pubescence above, and tomentose
pubescence beneath. Cymes .5-7-flowered. Genitals exserted.
Cori/mhose-Rowercd Germander. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 T. Cape'nse (Thunb. prod. p. 95. ? Benth. lab. p. 667.)
herbaceous, finely pubescent ; leaves cuneated at the base, 3-5-
cleft, with lanceolate-linear entire or 3-5-cleft segments, green
on both surfaces, or canescent beneath ; cymes axillary, pedun-
culate, corymbose ; calyx glabrous, campanulate, equal, deeply
5-cleft, with lanceolate acute segments. 1/ . ? G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. A'juga Capensis, Pers. ench. 2. p.
109. Peduncles sub-secund, filiform, 3-5-flowered. Corolla
hardly larger than the calyx. Stamens one half longer than the
calyx.
Ca])e Germander. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
11 T. orienta'le (Lin. spec. p. 786.) herbaceous, erect,
nearly glabrous ; leaves bipinnate, with linear, quite entire, or
cut segments, green on both surfaces ; peduncles loosely race-
mose ; pedicels much longer than the floral leaves ; racemes
panicled ; calyx glabrous, campanulate, with lanceolate equal
acute teeth. 1/. H. Native of Asia Minor, and Caucasus, on
the gravelly banks of rivulets ; as of Armenia, Syria, Iberia.
Sims, hot. mag. t. 1279. — Riv. mon. irr. 19.? — Commel. rar.
t. 25. Herb branched, sometimes glabrous, and sometimes
pubescent or canescent. Lower leaves li to 2 inches long.
Corollas glabrous, blue ; lower segment large. Genitals longer
than the lip.
Eastern Germander. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. 1
foot.
12 T. PARViFio^KUM (Schreb. unilab. p. 31. icone.) herba-
ceous, clothed with soft tomentum ; leaves deeply twice or
thrice ternate ; the segments of the lower leaves bi-oad, obtuse ;
of the siiperior ones linear ; peduncles much longer than the
floral leaves, divaricate, 1 -flowered; racemes pamcied ; calyx
clothed with soft tomentum, campanulate, equal, semiquinquefid.
% . H. Native of Armenia and Syria. Stem erect, trichoto-
mously much branched at top, canescent as well as the leaves
and calyxes. Floral leaves minute. Corollas small, numerous,
hardly longer than the calyxes, blue.
Small-flowered Germander. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
13 T. Olivieria'num (Ging. in herb. D. C. mss. ex Benth.
lab. p. 668.) herbaceous, clothed with soft pubescence ; leaves
cuneiform, deeply toothed at apex, or 3-5-cleft ; peduncles
much longer than the floral leaves, divaricate, 1-flowered;
calyx villous, campanulate, equal, deeply 5-cleft. %. F. Na-
tive of Syria, between Aleppo and Bagdad, Olivier. Stems
leaves, and calyxes canescent. Lower leaves petiolate, H inch
long ; the upper ones much smaller, and nearly sessile. Flowers
disposed in a few-flowered panicle. Lip of corolla 3 times as
long as the calyx. Achenia very villous.
Olivier s Germander. PI. 1 foot.
14 T. CAMPANULA^TUM (Liu. spec. 786.) herbaceous, procum-
bent, glabrous ; leaves sub-bipinnatifid, with linear, cuneated,
quite entire, or cut, divaricate segments, glabrous on both sur-
faces ; flowers solitary, almost sessile, shorter than the leaves ;
calyx campanulate, equal, glabrous. % . F. Native of the re-
gion of the Mediterranean ; as of Spain, Balearic Islands, Sicily,
Naples. T. diversiflorum, Moench, ex Steud. nom. p. S28. —
Riv. mon. irr. t. 24'. ? Stems prostrate at the base. Branches
ascending a little. Corollas blue. Stamens shorter than the
lip. Floral leaves less cut, exceeding the flowers.
Campanulale-ca.]yx.cti. Germander. Fl. July, Au<t. Clt.
1728. PI. prostrate.
15 T. Cube'nse (Lin. mant. p. 80.) herbaceous, glabrous;
lower leaves ovate-cuneated, obtuse, deeply toothed : superior
leaves deeply trifid or pinnate, with lanceolate or linear flat
segments, green on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flower-
ed, shorter than the floral leaves ; calyx campanulate, equal,
glabrous, deeply 5-cleft ; stamens scarcely twice as long as tiie
calyx. $ . S. Native of Mexico, near Papantla, Tampico,
Vera Cruz ; Texas; Island of Cuba ; Bahaina Islands; South
of Brazil ; Buenos Ayres ; Mendoza, and Cordova. Jacq. amer.
p. 172. t. 183. f. 74. obs. 2. p. 5. t. 30. T. hievigatum, Vahl,
symb. 1. p. 40. T. chamaadrifolium. Mill. diet. no. 15. —
Herb erect, branched, densely leafy. Lower leaves broad, cut
to the middle. Racemes terminal, subsecund. Corollas blue,
glabrous or pubescent ; lip hardly twice the length of the
calyx.
Cuba Germander. Fl. May. Clt. 1733. PI. 1 foot.
16 T. Bi'coLOR (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) herbaceous, glabrous;
leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire or cut,
green on both surfaces; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, shorter
than the floral leaves ; calyx campanulate, equal, glabrous,
semiquinquefid ; stamens about 3 times as long as the calyx.
TJ. . F. Native of Chili, on the mountains ; and in Pampas de
Santa Fe, Gillies. T. heterophyllum, Cav. icon. 6. p. 56. t.
577. T. orchideum, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1255. Leaves about an
inch long, or cut into a few segments, sometimes nearly ovatt-,
trifid ; the young ones often linear, quite entire, and trifid.
Corollas yellowish, tinged with red ; tube inclosed.
Two-coloured Germander. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
17 T. nudicau'le (Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 235.) herbaceous ?
glabrous, or clothed with fine pubescence ; brandies twiggy,
nearly naked ; leaves small, remote, trifid, with linear obtuse
segments, green on both surfaces ; flowers on short peduncles,
solitary, spicately racemose; calyx campanulate, equal, semi-
quinquefid, and is, as well as the corollas, pubescently hairy.
1/ . ? G. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta, Cruikshanks.
Flowers approximate towards the tops of the branches. Co-
rollas almost of T. blcolor, but more villous, and the lower seg-
ment smaller.
Naked-stemmed Germander. PI. H foot.
18 T. Africa'num (Thunb. prod. p. 95.? Benth. lab. p.
669.) suffl-uticose ; branches erect, tomentosely pubescent ;
leaves deeply trifid, with linear, quite entire, rarely trifid seg-
ments, revolute on the margins, clothed with canescent tomen-
tum beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, or the
lower ones are subcymose, rather shorter than the floral leaves ;
calyx campanulate, equal, sub-canescent, deeply 5-cleft. I7 . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. T. trifidum, Retz, obs. 1.
p. 21. ? A'juga Africana, Pers. ench. 2. p. 109. Stems nume-
rous, rising from a woody base. Leaves fascicled in the axils.
Flowers smaller than those of the next species. Racemes many-
flowered.
African Germander. Shrub i to 1 foot.
19 T. psEUDOciiAM.ErfTHYs (Lin. spec. p. 787.) suff"ruticose ;
branches erect, pilosely hairy ; leaves deeply y-5-cleft, with
linear, quite entire, or trifid segments, revolute on the edges,
rather hispid above, and finely pubescent beneath ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, at length rather longer than the
floral leaves ; calyx campanulate, equal, pubescent, deeply 5-
cleft. Pj . F. Native of Europe and Africa, in the region of
the Mediterranean; as of Spain, Barbary, Syria: South of
France, about Marseilles.— Sabb. liort. rom. 3. t. 95.— Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 21. f. 2. Branches numerous, sunple, rising
864
LABIATE. CVIII. Teuceium.
from a woody base, Iiairy, as well as the peduncles and lower
leaves. Racemes terminal, loose, subsecund. Lower sesjment
of corolla 3 times as long as the calyx. Corollas purple or
white. ?
False-Ground-Pine Germander. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. A to 1 foot.
20 T. lacinia'tum (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 231.) shrubby,
i^lnbrous ; leaves pinnately 5-parted : upper ones tripartite :
segments linear ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate ; pedicels
much shorter than the leaves ; calyx subcampanulate, 5-parted,
the lower segment bifid or tridentate. h . F. Native of
North America, among the Rocky Mountains. Branched.
Lower leaves sessile ; segments blunt. Corollas large for the
size of the plant, violaceous ? villous outside ; lower segment
ovate, acute.
Jagged-\ea.\ed Germander. Shrub small.
Sect. IV. Pychnobotrys (from ttvj^j'oc, pychnos, dense; and
jloTpvc, botrys, a bunch of grapes ; in reference to the whorls
being crowded into simple or branched spikes or racemes.)
Benth. lab. p. 671. Whorls from 4 to many-flowered, crowded
into simple or branched spikes. Calyx inflated, or tubularly
campanulate, declinate, with nearly equal teeth, or the upper
teeth are broader. Upper segments of corolla very short, broad,
truncate, or declinate : lateral ones small, oblong, declinate : the
lower one broad and concave. Achenia wrinkled, glabrous. — •
Villous or glabrous herbs or shrubs, but never hoary.
21 T. abutiloi'des (Lher, stirp. 1. p. 84.) shrubby; branches
pubescent; leaves ample, heart-shaped, green on both surfaces,
villous ; racemes simple, paniculately branched ; whorls 2-6-
flowered ; calyx declinate, liairy, with ovate obtuse teeth ; the
upper tooth rather the broadest. fj . G. Native of Madeira.
Jacq. schcenbr. 3. t. 358. T. macrophyllum, Lam. diet. 2. p.
692. Leaves like those of Sida mollis, on long petioles, 3-G
inches long, crenated. Corolla 1^ inch long, red. Genitals
much exserted.
Mulberry-like Germander. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1777.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
22 T. Wallichia'num (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p.
19. lab. p. 671.) herbaceous, ascending; leaves elliptic-ovate,
acuminated, narrowed a long way at the base, green on both
surfaces; racemes simple ; whorls many-flowered ; calyx decli-
nate, with hardly unequal teeth. 1/ . G. Native of Silhet, in
the East Indies. Stems simple, rooting at the base, clothed
with rufous villi. Leaves S-4 inches long, hispid from stiflf
scattered hairs, quite entire at the base. Whorls about 10-flow-
ered. Calyx hispid.
Wallictis Germander. PI. 1 foot.
23 T. Japonicum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 23.) herbaceous, erect,
or ascending, nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceo-
late, rounded at the base, green on both surfaces ; raceme
branched ; whorls equal, 6-flowered ; floral leaves lanceolate ;
calyx declinate, tubularly campanulate, glabrous, with lanceo-
late acute nearly equal teeth. 1/ . F. Native of Japan, on
the mountains. T. Virginicum, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 244. Stems
glabrous or pubescent on the angles. Leaves on short petioles,
deeply and sharply serrated, pale beneath : floral ones bractea-
formed, ciliated. Genitals aljout equal in length to the lower
lip.
Japan Germander. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. V. Stachy'botrys (from oTuyvi;, stachys, a spike ; and
/3o7-pvc, botrys, a bunch of grapes ; so called in reference to the
whorls being disposed in terminal, simple, terete spikes.) Benth.
lab. p. 672. Whorls from 6 to many-flowered, disposed in
simple, terminal, terete spikes. Calyx campanulate, declinate ;
the upper teeth, and especially the upper tooth, broadest, rarely
almost equal. Upper segments of corolla oblong, declinate :
lower one oblong, concave. Achenia reticulately wrinkled, gla-
brous.— Perennial, ascending, or erect, branched herbs.
24 T. iNFLA'TUM(Swartz, prod. p. 88. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1003.)
herbaceous, erect, pubescent or villous ; leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, roundly truncate at the base, or subcordate, rather
canescent beneath ; racemes almost simple ; whorls equal, 6-
flovvered ; bracteas lanceolate ; calyx declinate, inflated, pubes-
cent, or villous, with a contracted mouth : the upper tooth the
broadest. If.. S. Native of Mexico, Jamaica, Spanish Main,
Brazil, Island of Tongatabou, Buenos Ayres, &c. T. villosum,
Forster, prod. no. 232. T. palustre, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 2. p. 306. T. vesicarium, Mill, ex Steud. nom. p.
830. Habit of T. Canadense ; but differs in the leaves being
cordate at the base ; and particularly in the inflated calyxes, and
shorter, usually obtuse teeth. Corolla red or purplish.
/n/?o<e(/-calyxed Germander. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1778.
PI. 2 feet.
25 T. Canade'nse (Lin. spec. 789.) herbaceous, erect, canes-
cent, or villous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base,
rather canescent beneath ; racemes simple ; whorls equal, 6-
flowered ; bracteas subulate ; calyx declinate, campanulate,
hoary, or sub-villous: the upper teeth the broadest. %. H.
Native from Canada to Carolina ; and of Texas. T. Virgini-
cum, Lin. spec. p. 789. T. speciosum, Hill. veg. syst. 14. t.
14. Stems simple, or a little branched. Leaves on short peti-
oles, 2-3 inches long, serrated, hispid and green above, rarely
glalirous. Corollas purplish.
Canadian Germander. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
26 T. Hirca'nicum (Lin. spec. p. 789.) herbaceous, erect,
pubescent ; leaves ovate-cordate, sub-canescent beneath; raceme
simple ; whorls equal, 6-flowered ; bracteas subulate, rather
shorter than the calyxes ; calyx declinate, bilabiate, having the
tipper tooth very broad, li-. H. Native of Eastern Cauca-
sus ; also of Iberia, in woods and in hedges. Sims, bot. mag.
t. 2013. Scorodonia spicata, Moench, meth. p. 385. — Hall,
comm. goett. 2. p. 343. t. 13.— Ard. spec. 13. t. 4.? Leaves
petiolate, 1-3 inches long, coarsely crenated ; floral leaves subu-
late. Spikes dense. Corolla purple, villous outside.
//bcanean Germander. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1763. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
27 T. Ardui'ni (Lin. mant. p. 81.) herbaceous, erect, clothed
with soft villi ; leaves ovate, rounded at the base, greenish on
both surfaces ; racemes simple ; whorls equal, 6-flowered ;
bracteas sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, exceeding the calyxes ;
calyx bilabiate, the upper tooth very broad. %. H. Native
of the South-east of Europe ; as of Dalmatia, Bulgaria, and the
Bithynian Olympus, in rocky places. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grace.
6. p. 26. t. 531. T. lamiifolium, D'Urv. pi. arch, in mem. soc.
Lin. par. 1. p. 320. Scutellaria Cretica, Lin. spec. 836. Sco-
rodonia Arduini, Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 315. — Ard. spec. 1. p.
12. c. 3. Leaves nearly sessile, or the lower ones are on short
petioles, 1-2 inches long, serrately crenated. Spikes dense,
very villous. Corollas white, villous outside.
Arduini' s Germander. Fl. June, Oct, Clt. 1823. PL U
foot.
28 T. BRACTEA^TUM (Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 7. t. 120.? Benth.
lab. p. 673.) herbaceous, ascending, villous ; leaves ovate, cor-
date at the base, green on both surfaces ; racemes simple ;
whorls equal, 6-flovi'ered ; bracteas petiolate, ovate, or lanceo-
LABIATvE. CVIII. Teucrium.
865
late, equalling the calyxes; calyx bilabiate, llie upper tooth very
broad. "U . F. Native of the North of Africa, on uncultivated
hills near Tangiers, Salzmann ; TariH'a, Durand ; Mascar and
Tlemsen, Desfontaines. Herb a little branched. Leaves 5 to 1
inch, bluntly crenated, petiolate. Racetnes loose. Corolla pu-
bescent outside.
Bracleate Germander. PI. | foot.
29 T. coMPACTiiM (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. 17.) suffruticose,
procumbent, villous ; leaves cuneate-ovate, deeply crenated,
hairy ; floral leaves petiolate, lanceolate, ciliated ; flowers spi-
cate. Tj . F. Native of Spain, in Granada, Clemente. Leaves
quite entire at the base, narrowed into the short petioles. Calyx
inflated, with a narrow throat, semiquinquefid ; upper segments
ovate, and shorter than the others.
Compact-fiowered Germander. Shrub procumbent.
Sect. VL Scorodo^nia (from aKopocov, scorodon, gnrlic ; the
T. scoroddnia has an odour somewhat like garlic.) Benth. lab.
p. 674. Whorls 2-flowered, secund, disposed in terminal, usu-
ally branched racemes. Calyx campanulate, declinate, the upper
leeth, but especially the uppermost one, broader. Upper seg-
ments of corolla oblong, declinate. Achenia small, nearly glo-
bose, wrinkled or smoothish. — Perennial, ascending, or erect,
branched herbs.
30 T. TOMENTo'suM (Heyne, ex Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat.
1. p. 58. lab. p. 674.) herbaceous? erect; branches clothed with
tomentose pubescence ; leaves ovate, rounded at the base, vil-
lous above, and clothed with tomentose pubescence, and canes-
cent beneath, rarely almost glabrous ; racemes paniculately much
branched ; calyx declinate, pilose, bilabiate, the upper tooth the
broadest. %. H. Native of the Indian peninsula. Herb hard
and woody at the base.? Leaves large, 2-4 inches long, and I5
to 2 inches broad, coarsely and acutely crenated. Panicles
dense. Corolla yellowish ; tube inclosed.
far. /3, glabriusculum (Benth. lab. p. 674.) plant nearly gla-
brous. If . G. Native of Ceylon, on Mount Nuera EUia,
Macrae.
Tomentose Germander. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
31 T. stoloni'ferum (Hamilt. ex Benth. in Wall. pi. asiat.
rar. 1 p. 58. and perhaps of Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 3. Benth. lab.
p. 674.) herbaceous, ascending or erect, glabrous or finely pu-
bescent ; leaves ovate, rounded or cuneated at the base, green
on both surfaces, not wrinkled ; raceme paniculately branched ;
calyx declinate, ovoid, inflated in the fructiferous state, the up-
per tooth the broadest; tube of corolla inclosed. %. G. Na-
tive of Silhet; and the Burman Empire, on Mount Taong-Dong.
Root stoloniferous according to Roxb. Leaves on longish peti-
oles, 1-2 inches long, thin, scarcely wrinkled, deeply crenated ;
the floral leaves in the racemes bractea-formed. Flowers pen-
dulous, yellowish.
Stoloniferous Germander. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 T. vi'sciDUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 827.) leaves ovate, coarsely
and unequally serrated, wrinkled ; racemes axillary and termi-
nal, secund, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with viscid
pubescence ; bracteas lanceolate, length of calyxes ; stem a
little branched. 7/ . ? S. Native of Java, in humid mountain
places near Tugu, and at the foot of Mount Burangrang. Allied
to T. Lusitanicum.
y'lsckl Germander. PI. ?
33 T. la'xum (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 109.) herbaceous,
procumbent ? or scandent ? finely pubescent ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, serrated, green on both surfaces ; racemes
nearly simple, axillary, and terminal ; calyxes opposite, decli-
VOL. IV.
nate, rather pilose, the upper tooth very broad. 1/ . H. Native
of Nipaul, Hamilt. Differing from T. slolonifentm in habit,
narrower leaves, and short, loose, few-flowered racemes.
Zoose-flowered Germander. PI. scandent. ?
34 T. RoYLEANUM (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 58. Benth.
lab. p. 675.) herbaceous, ascending; branches hispid; leaves
on short petioles, lanccolate-ovatc, acute, serrated, subcordate
at the base, wrinkled, villous, canescent beneath ; racemes siiort,
nearly simple ; superior floral leaves shorter than the calyxes ;
calyx declinate, hispid, bilabiate, the upper tooth broader ;
tube of corolla exserted a little. Ij.. F. Native of the North
of India, on stony mountains ; at Dcyra Dhoon, and at Kliceree
Pass, Royle ; and between Mussooree and Lagrasson, Jacque-
mont. Allied to T. quadrijarlwn, but the habit and characters
are very distinct. Stems procumbent at the base. Racemes
few-flowered. Corollas larger than in T. quadrifarium, purple
or white.
Royle' s Germander. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
Q5 T. quadrifa'rium (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
108.) herbaceous, erect ; branches tomentosely villous or his-
pid ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, serrated, cordate at the
base, wrinkled, villous, rather canescent beneath ; racemes
branched ; floral leaves broadly ovate, acuminated, exceeding
the calyxes ; calyx declinate, hispid, sub-bilabiate, the upper
tooth the broadest ; tube of corolla inclosed. l^.H. Native
of Silhet, Nipaul, and Himalaya, in stony places and by way
sides. Stems usually rufescent. Leaves 1-2 inches long: upper
ones sessile. Racemes dense. Corolla purple, twice as long as
the calyx.
Four-rowed Germander. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
S(i T. arcu'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 504.) herbaceous, humble,
erect ; branches villous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate or ovate, cre-
nately serrated, truncate at the base, green on both surfaces,
and rather hispid ; racemes almost simple ; floral leaves lanceo-
late, exceeding the calyxes; calyx declinate, villous, sub-bila-
biate: upper tooth the broadest ; tube of corolla inclosed, }/ .
F". Native of New Holland. Floral leaves ciliated. Flowers
subsecund. Nearly allied to T. quadrifarium, in the more
humble stature, longer petioles, and narrower floral leaves.
iS'/inr^j-toothed-leaved Germander. PI. \ foot.
37 T. ScoRODONiA (Lin. spec. 789.) herbaceous, erect, hispid,
pubescent, or nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, crenated,
rounded or cordate at the base, green on both surfaces ;
racemes a little branched : upper ones panicled ; floral leaves
minute ; calyx declinate, rather villous, broadly campanulate,
sub-bilabiate, the upper tooth large ; tube of corolla exserted.
%. H. Native throughout Europe, in woody hilly situations,
among bushes and under hedges, where the soil is dry and
stony; plentiful in Britain, in like situations. Hook. fl. lond.
vol. 2. icone. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1543. Curt. lond. 5. t. 40.
Fl. dan. t. 485. Scorodonia heterophy'lla, Ma?nch, meth. p.
384. T. sylvestre, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 412. Scorodonia sylves-
tris, Link, handb. p. 458. Scorodonia, Riv. mon. irr. t. 12.
Blackw. t. 9. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 92. Stems simple, or a
little branched. Leaves 1-2 inches long, wrinkled, on short pe-
tioles. Racemes slender, loose. Corollas pale yellow, downy
outside. Stamens violaceous. The smell and taste of this
plant are said to resemble hops. It is called Ambroise in Jer-
sey ; and in that island when cyder fails, they malt their barley
at home, and instead of hops use to a very good purpose the
Ambroise of the hedges. Rutty says, that when the herb is
boiled in wort, the beer sooner becomes clear than when hops
are used.
Wond-sage Germander. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
38 T. pseudoscorodo'nia (Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 5. t. 119.) suf-
5 S
866
LABIATE. CVIII. Teucrium.
friiticose, erect, hispid, cr pubescent ; leaves ovate, obtuse, cre-
nated, rounded or cordate at the base, green on both surfaces, or
canescent beneath; racemes nearly simple; floral leaves minute;
calyx declinate, rather villous, sub-bilabiate, the upper tooth
large; tube of corolla inclosed, or a little exserted. Tj . F.
Native of the North of Africa, at Mount Lazar, near Mayane, in
Algiers ; Tangiers and Gibraltar. Scorodonia salviastrum, Link,
handb. p. 458. ? Scorodonia Fontanesiana, Ser. bull. bot. p.
315. This differs from T. Scorodonia, in the shrubby stem,
erect branches, more simple racemes, rather larger calyxes, and
shorter corollas. Flowers yellow.
False-Wood-Sage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
39 T. Massilie'nse (Lin. spec. 789.) herbaceous or suffruti-
cose, ascending; branches clothed with hoary pubescence; leaves
ovate, crenated, rounded or cordate at the base, wrinkled : lower
ones canescent beneath ; racemes nearly simple or branched,
loose, secund ; floral leaves shorter than the caly\es ; calyx de-
clinate, rather villous, sub-bilabiate : upper tooth the largest ;
tube of corolla inclosed. ~il . H. Native of Europe, in the re-
gion of the Mediterranean; as about Marseilles, Corsica, Sardi-
nia, Candia, &c. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 94. Scorodonia Massi-
liensis. Link, handb. p. 458. Scorodonia cordata, Mcench, meth.
p. 385. T. odoratum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 413. T. Creticum,
Clus. hist. 1. p. 348.— Ger. fl. gallopr. 277. t. 11. Leaves i
an inch long, rarely I inch, much wrinkled. Racemes and flow-
ers like those of the preceding, to which it is very nearly allied.
Corollas purple.
MaweiWei Germander. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1
foot.
40 T. Lusita'nicum (Lam. diet. 2. p. C92.) herbaceous or
suffruticose ; branches clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves
lanceolate, crenated, wrinkled, rather canescent beneath ; ra-
cemes a little branched, loose, secund ; calyx declinate, upper
tooth the broadest; tube of corolla inclosed. %. H.
Native of the south-west of Europe ; as of Spain, Portugal,
Balearic Islands, in the fissures of rocks. T. Asiaticum, Lin.
mant. p. 80. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 41. T. salviastrum, Hoftm.
et Link, fl. port. p. 84. t. 2. Mcench, meth. p. 384. Habit of
T. Mass'iliense, from which it hardly differs, unless in the form
of the leaves. Racemes usually more loose. Corollas pur-
plish.
Portugal Germander. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1822. PI. 1
foot.
f A species belonging to the present section, hut is not suffi-
ciently known.
41 T. salvia' STRUM (Schreb. unilab. p. 38.) stems erect, pu-
bescent, clammy ; leaves oval, crenulated, wrinkled, tomentose
beneath, petiolate ; racemes secund. 1/ . ? H. Native of Por-
tugal. Leaves rounded at both ends, clothed with hoary, silky,
short villi above, white beneath ; floral leaves lanceolate, acule :
upper ones minute, quite entire. Corolla villous outside.
Sage-ft^e Germander. PI. 1 foot.?
Sect. VIL Scordium (from (rKopcwp, scordion, garlic ; the
T. scordium has a smell approaching to that of garlic.) Benth.
lab. p. 078. Whorls 2-6-flowered, distant, axillary. Floral
leaves similar to the cauline leaves. Calyx tubular, declinate,
gibbous at the base beneath ; teeth 5, nearly equal, or the upper
one is broadest. Upper segments of corolla oblong, declinate.
Achenia very or scarcely wrinkled. — Annual or perennial herbs.
42 T. spiNosuM (Lin. spec. 793.) herbaceous; branches spi-
nescent at top; whorls axillary, remote, 1-6-flowered ; calyx
declinate: upper tooth very broad. ©. H. Native of Europe
and Africa, in the region of the Mediterranean ; as of Portugal,
Spain, Sicily, Naples, Syria, and the Canary Islands. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. grsec. 0. p. 31. t. 539. T. mucronatum, Lin. spec.
793. Scordium spinosum, Cav. icon. rar. 1. p. 19. t. 31.
Scorodonia spinosa. Link, handb. p. 458. — Barrel, icon. p. 319.
t. 202 — Mor. hist. 3. p. 423. sect. 11. t. 22. f. 17. Herb pro-
cumbent, divaricately branched. Branches stiff, villous, nearly
all spinescent. Lower leaves oblong, deeply serrated at apex :
upper and rameal ones small, green on both surfaces, but
pubescent. Calycine teeth spinescent. Corollas small, white,
resupinate from the twisting of the tube.
Spinose GermaxiAer. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1640. PI. pro-
cumbent.
43 T. resupina'tum (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 4. t. 117.) annual,
villous ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, green on both
surfaces ; floral leaves similar to the others, but narrower ;
whorls axillary, 2-flowered ; calyx declinate, tubular beneath
the gibbosities at the base ? with awned teeth : upper tooth the
broadest. ©. H. Native of the North of Africa, on argilla-
ceoivs hills, near Masear, Tangiers, Algiers. Herb divaricately
branched. Whorls secund. Corollas yellowish, resupinate from
the twisting of the tube.
RcsJipinate&oviereA Germander. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801.
PI. i fuot.
44 T. Scordium (Lin. spec. 790.) herbaceous, perennial, vil-
^ lous, rarely glabrous ; leaves oblong, toothed, narrowed at the
base or rounded, sessile, green on both surfaces ; floral leaves
similar to the rest ; whorls axillary, 2-6-flowered ; calyx decli-
nate, campanulate, with short nearly equal teeth. 1|. H. Na-
tive of Europe, and the temperate parts of Asia, in bogs and
watery places. Chamae'drys Scordium, Moench, meth. p. 384. T.
palustre. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 411. T. arenarium, Gmel. itin. 1. p.
149. t. 26. f. 2. — Riv. mon. t. 11. Scordium legitimum, Park.
theatr. 111. f. 1. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 423. sect. 11. t. 22. f. 14.
Stems creeping or rooting at the base; floriferous branches erect
or ascending, more or less villous. Leaves about an inch long,
hairy, soft : floral ones longer than the flowers. Corollas small,
purplish. The fresh leaves are bitter, and rather pungent.
Powdered, they destroy worms. A decoction of the plant is a
good fomentation in gangrenous cases. It has a strong disagree-
able smell, somewhat approaching to that of garlic ; whence its
specific name from uKopoiov, garlic. It was once in high esteem
as an antiseptic and an alexpharmic, to which it certainly had
no claim. Cullen says it has a bitter, joined with some volatile
parts; but that neither of these qualities is considerable enough
to retain it in the present practice.
Garlic or Water Germander. Fl. July, Aug. England.
PI. i to 1 fo ,t.
45 T. scordioi'des (Schreb. unilab. p. 37.) herbaceous, pe-
rennial, woolly, rarely almost glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong,
crenated, cordately stem-clasping at the base, green on both
surfaces ; floral leaves similar to the rest ; whorls axillary, 6-
flowered ; calyx declinate, campanulate, with short nearly equal
teeth. %. H. Native of the South of Europe, in bogs, espe-
ci'lly near the sea; as of Portugal, Spain, South of France,
Italy, Sicilv, Sardinia, Candia, &c. ; in England, but not com-
mon ; plentiful in the fens of the Isle of Ely ; from Cambridge
to Histon ; at Westbeach, Cottenham ; on the banks of the Isis,
near Highbridge, and on Eynsham Common, Oxfordshire, &c.
T. Scordium, Brot. fl. his. 1. p. 164. Woodv. med. bot.
t. 57. Oeder, fl. dan. t. 593. Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 36.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 828. and of many other authors, but
not of Lin. T. lanuginosum, Bauh. pin, p. 247. Hoffm. et
LABIATiE. CVIII. Teucrium.
86;
Link, fl. port. 1. p. 84. t. 3. Habit of T. Scordium, but usu-
ally more villous, and diftcrs particularly in tlic shorter cor-
dately stem-clasping leaves, which are not narrowed at the base.
Corollas small, purplish.
Scordium-like Germander. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. \
to 1 foot.
46 T. BoTRYs (Lin. spec. 786.) annual, villous; leaves deeply
pinnate, with oblong, quite entire or cut, divaricate segments,
green on both surfaces; floral leaves similar to the cauline ones;
whorls axillary, G-flowered ; calyx inflately tubular, j^ibbous
beneath at the base? with equal, lanceolate teeth. ©. H. Na-
tive of the South of Europe and North of Africa, in calcareous
arid, dry places ; as of France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Sicily,
Algiers, &c. Mill. fig. 176. t. 264. f. I. Sabb. hort. rom. 3.
t. 91. Chamse'drys Botrys, Moench, meth. p. 38 J. Scorodo-
nia Botrys, Ser. bull. bot. p. 317. — Riv. mon. irr. t. 14. — Mor.
liist. sect. 11. t. 22. f. IS. Herb erect, branched, more or less
villous. Leaves petiolate : floral ones exceeding the flowers.
Corollas small, purplish. The plant has a pleasant aromatic
smell ; it may, therefore, be successfully used in fevers, rheu-
matism, gout, &'C.
Botrys or Cut-leaved annual Germander. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. 1633. PI. I foot.
Sect. VIIL Cham.e'drys (from x«p«<i chamai, on the ground ;
and Ipvc, drus, an oak ; the plants are dwarf, with leaves resem-
bling that of tiie oak.) Benth. lab. p. G80. Whorls 2-6-flower-
ed, distinct, disposed in a loose terminal raceme. Calyx tubu-
larly campanulate, declinate, oblique at the base ; teeth 5, nearly
equal, or the superior ones rather the broadest. Upper seg-
ments of corolla oblong, declinate. Achenia reticulately wrin-
kled.— Small shrubs, erect or procumbent at the base.
47 T. Lu'ciDUM (Lin. spec. 790.) herbaceous, perennial, quite
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, deeply toothed, crenated at
the base : floral ones smaller, scarcely toothed ; whorls 2-6-
flowered : the upper ones racemose ; calyx declinate, tubularly
campanulate, with lanceolate nearly equal teeth. 1/. H. Na-
tive in the region of the Mediterranean, in the fissures of rocks;
as of Provence, Piedmont, Mount Atlas, and the mountains of
Cyrenaica. Med. act. pal. 3. phys. 211. t. 12. f. 7. Chamae'-
drys liicida, Moench, meth. p. 383. RLign. hort. 52. icone.
This differs from T. Chamcedrys, in the stems being more firm,
more erect, and taller ; in the cauline leaves being larger and
thinner, and in the floral leaves being usually smaller ; but espe-
cially in the plant being quite glabrous. Calyxes purplish.
Corollas reddish purple. Root creeping.
Shilling Germander. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1730. PI. 1 to
l^foot.
48 T. Chams'drys (Lin. spec. 790.) perennial or suff"ruticose,
procumbent at the base, pubescent or villous, rarely glabrous ;
leaves on short petioles, ovate or oblong, deeply crenated, cu-
neated at the base, green on both surfaces, or cancscent beneath ;
floral leaves smaller, scarcely toothed ; whorls 2-6-flowered :
the superior ones racemose ; calyx declinate, tubularly campa-
nulate, with lanceolate nearly equal teeth. 1/. H. Native
throughout Europe and Asia Pontica, on walls, rocks, and by
way s^des; as of Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Sicily, Turkey,
Tauria, and Caucasus ; in England, among the ruins of old cas-
tles and walls, but by no means plentiful. Smith, engl. bot. t.
680. Woodv. med. bot. suppl. 82. t. 213. Sabb. hort. rom.
2. t. 88. Chama:"drys officinalis, Mccnch, meth. p. 383. T.
pseudochamae'drys, Wender. in bot. zcit. 1826. p. 358. T.
multiflorum, Hort. but not of Lin. T. officinale. Lam. fl. fr. 2.
p. 414. — Riv. mon, t. 10. f. 2. Root creeping. Leaves often
shining above, glabrous or villous : upper floral ones bractea-
formcd, (|uite entire, reddish. Racemes subsecund. Corollas
reddish purple, villous outside. This plant has been esteemed
chiefly as a mild aperient and corroborant, and was recommend-
ed in intermitting fevers, rheumatism, and gout. It has been
employed in various forms and combinations, of which the Port-
land powder is one of the most celebrated instances. Its qua-
lities seem nearly allied to those of horelioimd, and therclore it
may be equally useful in asthmatic affections and coughs.
Germander, Common. Fl. May, Aug. England. PI. | to
f foot.
49 T. ca'num (Fisch. et Meyer, ind. sem. hort. pctrop. 1835.
p. 40.) clothed with hoary tomentum, frutescent at the base,
many-stemmed ; stems erectish, simple ; leaves oblong, toothed,
cuneated at the base ; floral leaves quite entire ; whorls 6-How-
ered ; pedicels length of calyx ; calycine teeth equal, acute, niu-
cronulate. H . ? or 2/.? H. Native of the Transcaucasian
province Somchetia. Allied to 2'. Chamcedrys and T. qiia-
drdtulutii ; but differs from the first in being clothed with canes-
cent villi ; in the distant loose whorls, and quite entire floral
leaves ; and from the last in the elongated, almost simple stems,
6-flowered whorls, longer pedicels, villous corollas, &'C. Co-
rolla purple.
Hoary Germander. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
50 T. MULTIFLORUM (Lin. spec. 788. ? Benth. lab. p. 681.)
suflfruticose, nearly glabrous, or clothed with fine hoary pubes-
cence ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute, narrowed at the
base, acutely toothed at apex, green on both surfaces, or canes-
cent beneath ; floral leaves smaller ; whorls 2-6-flowered, dis-
tant, racemose ; calyx declinate, tubularly campanulate, with
lanceolate nearly equal teeth. Fj . F. Native of Spain. — Bocc.
mus. t. 117.? Intermediate between T. Chamcedrys and T,
Blarum. Habit of the first, but more branched. Leaves 2-4
inches long. Flowers like those of T. Chamadrys, but one half
smaller.
Many-Jlon'cred Germander. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731.
Shrub 1 foot.
51 T. Ma'rum (Lin. spec. p. 788.) shrubby, hoary; leaves
small, ovate, quite entire, hoary beneath : floral ones smaller ;
whorls 2-4-flowered, racemose ; calyx declinate, hairy, tubularly
campanulate, with short nearly equal teeth. 1j . F. Native of
the region of the Mediterranean; as of Spain, Corsica, Italy,
S:c. Woodv. med. bot. 153. t. 56. — Blackw. t. 47. — Riv. mon.
irr. t. 23. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 90. Chamsedrys Milrum,
Moench, meth. p. 383. T. maritimum. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 414.
— A small branched shrub, with the habit of Thymus vulgiiris.
Leaves small, petiolate, rarely obscurely crenated, cancscent
above, and tomentose beneath. Whorls subsecund, approxi-
mate into spikes. Corollas purplish, villous outside. The
leaves and younger branches of Murum, when recent, on being
rubbed between the fingers, emit a volatile aromatic smell,
which readily excites sneezing ; but to the taste they are bitter-
ish, accompanied with a sensation of heat and acrimony. Judg-
ing from the sensible (jualities of this plant, it may be supposed
to possess very active powers ; and on this consideration it is
strongly reconmiended by Wedelius as an important remedy in
many diseases requiring medicines of a stimulant, aromatic, and
deobstruent quality: his opinion seems in some measure to have
been since verified by actual experience of its efficacy. At pre-
sent, however, Marum is chiefly used as an errhine, and is an
ingredient in pulvis asari compositus. Cats are very fond ol
this plant, and often destroy it.
3Iarum Germander, or Cat-Thyme. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1640. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
52 T. MicROPiiYLLUM (Desf. cor. pi. Tourn. in ann. mus.
10. p. 300. t. 22.) suff"ruticose, humble, divaricately much
branched ; leaves small, ovate, crenated, glabrous above and
5 s 2
868
LABIATtE. CVIII. Teucrium.
hoary beneath ; whorls few, about 2-flowered ; calyx declinate,
tubularly campanulate, with lanceolate nearly equal teeth. Tj .
F. Native of Candia, among rocks. T. quadratulum, Smith,
et Sibth. fl. graec. 6. p. 25. t. ,530. but hardly of Schreb. T.
divaric^tum, Sieb. pi. exs. ? Corollas red. Hahh of T.Jlavum.
J'ar. ft ; branches short, canescent ; leaves smaller ; flowers
smaller and fewer.
Small-leaved Germander. Shrub humble.
53 T. fla'vum (Lin. spec. 791.) shrubby; branches tomen-
tosely pubescent ; leaves broad-ovate, crenated, truncate or cu-
neated at the base, green on both surfaces, or canescent beneath ;
superior floral leaves quite entire, acute ; whorls 2-6-flowered,
racemose ; calyx declinate, tubularly campanulate, with lanceo-
late nearly equal teeth. I^ . F. Native of Europe and Africa,
in the region of the Mediterranean ; as of Spain, Eastern Pyre-
nees, South of France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, Sicily, Dalma-
tia, Grecian Islands, Algiers, and Mount Atlas. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 27. t. 533. Chamae'drys flava, Moench,
meth. p. 383. — Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 89. — Jungli. icon. cent.
I. f. 5.— Besl. eyst. 7. p. 11. f. 1.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 421. sect.
II. t. 22. f. 1. ? Shrub much branched. Leaves thickish, va-
riable in size, 3-10 lines long. Calyx coloured at top. Corolla
yellowish.
Var. ft, purpureum (Benth. lab. p. 682.) flowers reddish pur-
ple ; leaves usually canescent beneath. Tj . F. Native of
Spain, Mount Parnassus, Syria, Cyprus, &c. T. rcgium, Hort.
and probably of Schreb. T. liicidum, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
6. p. 27. t. 532. but not of Lin. T. divaricatum, Sieb. pi.
exs. ?
Yellorv -Row ere A Germander. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1640.
Shrub I to 2 feet.
54 T. RAMosi'ssiMUM (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 4. t. 118.) shrubby,
much branched, hoary ; branchlets filiform ; leaves obovate,
crenated ; flowers solitary, axillary, and terminal ; calyx slen-
der, elongated, with nearly equal acute teeth. I; . F. Native
of Barbary, in the fissures of rocks near Cafsa. Leaves size of
those of T. Marum. Corollas small, violaceous. The whole
plant exhales a very sweet scent.
Much-branched Germander. Shrub.
55 T. ni'tidum (Schreb. unilab. p. 35.) shrubby ; stems
bifariously bearded ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, crenated,
glabrous, shining, but bearded on the middle nerve at the base ;
floral leaves quite entire ; whorls dimidiate, racemose. Tj . F.
Native of Mauritania. Leaves entire at the base, with reflexed
cut margins ; floral leaves almost lanceolate, more pilose than
in T. Jtcivum. Corollas purple. Perhaps a variety of T.
Jlavum.
Shining-\ea.ve(!i Germander. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ?
56 T. re'gium (Schreb. unilab. p. 35.) shrubby, diffiise ;
branches pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, toothed in
front : floral ones quite entire, sessile ; whorls racemose. Ij .
F. Native of Spain and Italy. Leaves deep green, with re-
flexed edges, shining, beset with short hairs, which are only
seen under a lens, hoary beneath : floral ones equalling the ca-
lyxes. Whorls contiguous. Corollas purple. Probably a va-
riety of T. ClicwKs^drys.
Boyal Germander. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1699. Shrub 1 to
Ij foot.
57 T. MYRTiFOLiuM (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 766.) shrubby,
erect, pubescent ; leaves ovate, a little toothed, villous beneath,
and cinereous ; flowers spicate ; calyx villous, with 5 acute,
nearly equal teeth. Ij . F. Native of the Levant. Said to be
nearly allied to T. microphijlhim. Leaves petiolate, 3-5 lines
long. Middle segment of lower lip of corolla dilated, roundish,
crenulated. Perhaps a variety of 7'. Marum,
Myrtle-leaved Germander. Shrub.
1
58 T. quadra'tulum (Schreb. unilab. p. 36.) perennial ;
stems and under sides of leaves clothed with white tomentum ;
leaves ovate-rhomboid, toothed, shining above ; whorls race-
mose. If. H. Native of Spain. Stems erect, branched at the
base. Leaves similar to those of T. Marum, but a little broader.
Racemes short. Calyx pubescent. Corolla purple. This ap-
pears to be nearest allied to T. multiflhrum and T. Chamce drys,
ex Benth.
Small-square Germander. PI. \ foot.
5d T. suBsi'iNOSuM (Pourr. ex VVilld. enum. p. 596.) peren-
nial ; leaves quite entire, ovate, acute, petiolate, pubescent, with
revolute margins, tomentose beneath ; flowers racemose ; branches
spinescent. Jj . F. Native of the Balearic Islands. Very like
T. Marum, ex Willd.
Subspinose Germander. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub
1 to U foot.
Sect. IX. Polium (from iroXwc, polios, white ; the T. Polium
and some other species are white from tomentum.) Bentii. lab.
p. 684. Whorls few, condensed into terminal subglobose heads.
Calyx tubularly campanulate, subdeclinate, oblique at the base,
with 5 nearly equal teeth ; the superior teeth hardly broader.
Upper segments of corolla oblong, declinate : lateral ones small.
Achenia much wrinkled. — Perennial herbs or under-shrubs.
Stems generally procumbent at the base, much branched ; flori-
ferous branches ascending.
60 T. Pyrena'icum (Lin. spec. p. 791.) creeping, villous ;
leaves roundish, crenated, green on both surfaces ; whorls few,
crowded into a terminal head ; calyx tubularly campanulate, de-
clinate, with nearly equal teeth. !(. H. Native of the South
of Europe ; as of Catalonia, Arragon, Pyrenees, and Auvergne.
Polium Pyrenaicum, Mill. diet. no. 6. T. reptans, Pourr. act,
toul. 3. p. 330. T. rotundifolium, Schreb. unilab. p. 42. ? —
Bocc. mus. 2. t. 61. — Barrel, icon. t. 1086. Stems rooting at
the base, creeping under the earth. Sterile branches prostrate :
floriferous ones ascending. Leaves on short petioles. Heads
solitary, terminal. Corollas pale yellow, the lower segment
sometimes purplish.
Pyrenean GermaxiAer. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI, pro-
cumbent.
61 T. BuxiFOLiuM (Schreb. unilab. p. 42.) suffruticose; leaves
obovate-cuneated, with subrevolute crenated margins, green and
nearly glabrous above, and canescent beneath ; whorls crowded
into a terminal head ; calyx tubularly campanulate, declinate,
with nearly equal teeth, ^i . F. Native of Spain, in the fissures
of rocks. T. saxatile, Cav. icon. rar. 2. p. 19. t. 121. f. 1.
Stems procumbent at the base, ascending, often much branched,
pilosely pubescent. Leaves ^ an incli long, numerous, narrowed
into short petioles at the base. Heads, calyxes, and flowers of
T. Pyrenaicum. Corollas whitish, and often reddish.
Box-leaved Germander. Shrub procumbent,
62 T. cuNEiFOLiuM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 30. t. 537.)
procumbent, clothed -with dense tomentose wool ; leaves round-
ish, crenated, cuneated at the base, thick, densely tomentose on
both surfaces ; whorls few, condensed into a terminal head ;
calyx tubular, tomentose, with short nearly equal teeth. %. H.
Native of Candia, on the Sphaciotic mountains. This differs
from the two preceding species, at first sight, in the whole plant
being canescent or yellowish from dense tomentum ; but the
habit is similar. Leaves scarcely | an inch long, thick. Corolla
white, yellowish at base.
Wedge-leaved Germander. PI. procumbent.
63 T. alpe'stre (Sibth. et Smith, fl. gra;c. 6, p. 31. t. 538.)
suffruticose, humble, divaricately much branched, clothed with
hoary or yellowish villi ; leaves small, obovate-cuneated, round-
LABIATiE. CVIII. Tkucrium.
869
isli, crenated, with revolute edges ; wliorls very few, subcapitate
at the tops of the brandies ; calyx dcclinate, ovate-tubular,
pilose, with nearly equal short obtuse teeth. Tj . H. Native of
Candia, on the Sphaciotic Mountains, and near IMirabello. T.
saxatile, Sieb. pi. cret. exs. but not of Cav. Habit of T. tliy-
mifulium, but allied to T. Polium in character. Leaves distant,
2-S lines long, greenish on both surfaces. Heads terminal, size
of peas, composed of 4-6 flowers. Corollas small, white.
Alp Germander. Shrub humble.
64 T. PoLiuM (Lin. spec. p. 792.) suffruticose, canescent
from tomentum, woolly, rarely pilosely hispid ; leaves cune-
ated, oblong or linear, with revolute edges ; whorls few, con-
densed into globose or oblong terminal heads ; calyx tubu-
larly campanulate, with nearly equal teeth. ^ . F. Native of
Europe and Africa, in the region of the Mediterranean ; as well
as of Tauria and Caucasus. Stems much branched ; branches
procumbent or ascending, rarely erect. Leaves sessile, variable
in form. Whorls 2-6-flowered. Corollas small, white, yellow-
ish, or purple.
/«r. a, jlavescens (Benth. lab. p. 685.) leaves broader ; heads
very hairy ; tops of branches yellowish. Jj . F. In the western
region common. T. aiireum, Schreb. unilab. p. 43. Cav. icon.
2. p. 16. t. 117. T. flavicans, Lam. diet. 2. p. 700. T. to-
mentosum, Vill. fl. dauph. 2. p. 352. Polium aureum, Mcench,
meth. p. 385. Polium liiteum. Mill. diet. no. 2. — Barrel, icon,
t. 1082. — Blackw. 456. Flowers of a deep yellow colour. The
yellow Poly or Mountain Germander.
I'ar. (i, hirsuluin (Benth. lab. 685.) leaves oblong, scarcely ca-
nescent, and are, as well as the heads, pilose. !^ . F. Native of
Egypt. T. ^gyptiacum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 112.
I'ar. y, vulgare, (Bentli. lab. p. 685.) leaves oblong, and are,
as well as the heads, clothed with tomentose wool ; corolla white,
f; . F. Common throughout the region of all the varieties. T.
Polium, Lin. and other authors. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p.
29. t. 535. T. pseudohyssopus, Schreb. unilab. p. 45. T.
Teiithrion, Schreb. unilab. p. 4 6. T. Belion, Schreb. unilab. p.
47. T. Lusitanicum, Schreb. unilab. p. 47. ? but not of Lam.
T. album, Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 770. T. trifoliatum, Vahl.
symb. 1. )). 40. T. subtriphyllum. Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p.
17. Polium album, Mill. diet. no. 4. Polium latifolium. Mill,
diet. no. 7. Polium Smyrneum, Mill. diet. no. 15. Polium an-
gustifolium. Mill. diet. no. 3. Polium ramosum. Mill, diet. no.
2. Polium diftusum, Mill. diet. no. 13. — Lob. icon. 486.— Bar-
rell, icon. 1074.— Column, ecphr. 1. p. 59. t. 67. White Poly or
Mountain Germander.
Far. c, gnaphnlbdes (Benth. lab. p. 686.) humble ; leaves and
heads densely woolly. Ij . F. Native of Spain. T. gnaphalddes,
Vahl. symb. 1. p. 41. Lher. stirp. T. lanigerum, Lag. gen. et
spec. nov. p. 17. ?
Var. t, purjjurdscens (Benth. lab. p. 686.) leaves oblong, and
are, as well as the heads, clothed with tomentose wool ; corollas
reddish purple. Ij . F. On the sea-shore about Marseilles,
and on the shores of the Adriatic sea. T. Achaemenis, Schreb.
unilab. p. 44. Polium integerrimum. Mill. diet. no. 14. — Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 2. f. 12. The purple Poly or Mountain Ger-
mander.
/ «r. i, angust'ifbl'mm (Benth. lab. p. 686.) leaves hnear or
linear-oblong, and are, as well as the heads, which are small,
clothed with hoary, rarely yellowish, tomentum ; corollas red.
Jj . F. Native throughout the whole region of the species. T.
capitatum, Lin. spec. 792. Cav. icon. 2. p. 17. t. 119. Sibtli.
et Smith, fl. grsec. 6. p. 30. t. 536. T. flavesccns, Schreb. uni-
lab. p. 44. T. Valentinum, Schreb. unilab. p. 46. T. pycno-
phyllum, Schreb. unilab. p. 48. ? T. lavandulaium, Pourr. T.
corymbiferum, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 8. ? T. cylindricum. Lam. ex
Steud. nom. p. 829. Polium capitatum, Mill. diet. no. 5. Po-
lium serratum. Mill. diet. no. 12. Polium spicatum, Mill. diet,
no. IS. Polium fruticosum. Mill. diet. no. 11. Polium crectum,
Mill. diet. no. 8. — Barrel, icon. t. 1079 and 1078. Polium
Monspcssulanum, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 299.
Poly Mountain. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. var. a, 1731.; y, 1562. ;
t, 1816. ; f, 1731. Shrub l to 1 foot.
65 T. amplexicau'le (Benth. lab. p. 687.) suffruticose ;
branches clothed with white wool ; leaves ovate-oblong or ob-
long, crenated, usually eordately stem clasping at the base, with
revolute margins, at first tomentose above, but at length nearly
glabrous, and clothed with dense white wool beneath ; whorls
few, globosely capitate ; calyx dcclinate, tubularly campanulate,
with nearly equal broad acute teeth; tube of corolla exserted.
Ij . F. Native of Spain. Habit and leaves of some of the va-
rieties of T. Polium, but stiff'er. Flowers similar to those of T.
montanum, and T. Pyrcnaictim, but much larger than in 7'. Po-
lium. It dift'ers from T. lliytiiif'olium in the taller stature, form of
leaves, and larger heads.
Slcm-clasping-\ea.yeA Germander. Shrub.
66 T. THYMiFOLiUM (Schreb. unilab. p. 50. Benth. lab. j).
687.) suff\'uticose, humble, much branched ; branclilets hoary,
ascending ; leaves oblong or obovate, hoary on both surfaces or
only beneath ; whorls about 2-flowered, very few, subcapitate at
the tops of the branches ; calyx dcclinate, tubularly campanulate,
with nearly equal broad acute teeth ; tubeof corolla subexserted.
P; . F. Native of Spain. Habit of 7". a/;)t.$(re, tufted. Leaves
short, crowded, less wrinkled and less tomentose than in T. Pc-
lium, but more so than in T. montanuvi. Flowers 2-6 on each
branch, hardly capitate. Calyx one half smaller than in T. mon-
tanum, and the corollas are reddish.
Thyme-leaved Vo\y arGerm&nAer. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1816.
Shrub ;^ to ^ foot, tufted.
67 T. monta'num (Lin. spec. 791.) suffruticose, prostrate;
branches hoary or pubescent ; leaves oblong-linear, quite entire,
hoary on both surfaces or only beneath, flat or the margins are
revolute ; whorls few, condensed into a terminal head ; calyx
subdeclinate, tubularly campanulate, glabrous or hoary, wiili
nearly equal lanceolate subulately acuminated teeth. ^ . F.
Native of the southern parts of Europe, on hills and mountains,
in calcareous places ; as of Spain, South of France, South of
Germany, Italy, Sicily, Grecian Mountains ; and of Volliynia and
Tauria. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 28. t. 534. T. supiiium.
Liu. spec. 791. Jacq. austr. 5. p. 8. t. 417. Polium montanum.
Mill. diet. no. 1. — Lob. icon. 488. Stem much branched.
Leaves smoothish above. Heads larger than in T. Polium, each
usually composed of 2-4, 4-6-flowered whorls. Corollas cream-
coloured or white.
Mountain Poly or Mountain Germander. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.
1710. Shrub prostrate.
68 T. pu\milum (Lin. spec. p. 792. ? Benth. lab. p. 687.)
suff'ruticose, procutnbcnt or erect ; brandies hoary ; leaves nar-
row-linear, quite entire, hoary beneath, with revolute margins ;
whorls few, condensed into terminal heads ; calyx subdeclinate,
tubularly campanulate, with nearly equal lanceolate subuhitely
acuminated teeth, ^i . F. Native of Spain. T. Libanotis,
Schreb. unilab. p. 38.? Cav. icon. 2. p. 17. t. 118.— Barrd.
icon. t. 1091 and 1093. ? This hardly diffijrs from T. moiili'inum,
except in the more erect stems, narrower leaves, and purplisli
flowers.
Dwarf Mountain Poly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub
procumbent.
69 T. verticilla'tum (Cav. icon. 2. p. 77. t. 198.) stems
erect ; leaves linear, verticillate, whitish, glaucous, sessde, with
revolute margins; heads terminal, leafy at the base ; calyx turbi-
870
LABIAT^E. CVIII. Teucrium. CIX. Ajuga.
nate, tomentose, 5 crenate. If.. F. Native of Spain, among the
mountains. Roots woody. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl. Whorls
approximate. Corollas yellowish.
fVhorled-leaved Poly or Germander. PI. J to 1 foot.
"t" Species belonging to sect. IX. Polium, but are not sufficiently
known.
70 T. ANGUSTi'ssiMUM (Schreb. unilab. p. 39.) shrubby, erect ;
leaves linear, quite entire, nearly naked ; heads of flowers ter-
minal, pilose ; calyx pilose, with a bearded mouth. >2 . F. Na-
tive of Spain. — Barrel, icon. t. 1080. Stems filiform, clothed
with dense white tomentum. Leaves narrowed, with revolute
edo-es. Heads solitary, usually composed of 3 whorls, small.
Corolla white, hardly longer than the calyx. Perhaps a variety
of T. Polium.
Very narrow-\ea.weA Poly or Germander. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1818. Shrub i foot.
71 T. CjELe'ste (Schreb. unilab. p. 30.) suffruticose, erect ;
hoary from tomentum ; leaves linear, quite entire ; heads termi-
nal, tomentose : calyx green, but loosely tomentose, with trian-
gular teeth. h . F. Native of Spain, among the mountains in
Valentia. — Barrel, icon. t. 1081. Heads solitary or by threes.
Corollas white, smaller than those of the preceding, Perhaps a
variety of T. Polium.
Heavenly Poly or Germander. Shrub h to 1 foot. ?
72 T. CYMOSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 112.) flowers paniculately
cymose ; leaves linear, toothed ; stem woolly, suflfruticose. h .
F. Native of Spain, near Aranjuez. Perhaps a variety of T.
Polium.
Cymose-([owereA Poly or Germander. Shrub.
73 T. MARjoRA^NA (Pers. 1. c.) spikes ovate ; peduncles sub-
cymose ; leaves linear, with revohue edges ; stem almost fili-
form. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Perhaps a variety of T. Polium.
Marjoram Poly or Germander. Shrub.
t t Doubtful species.
74 T. SESsiLlFOLiuM (Clarke's trav. 4. p. 555.) leaves hairy,
sessile, obtuse : lower ones lanceolate, quite entire : upper ones
and bracteas crenated, elliptic-lanceolate ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary ; peduncles very short. Tj . F. Native of Turkey, between
Constantinople and Rutschuk, Clarke. Stems erect, woolly.
Leaves more than an inch long. Flowers an inch long, with a
bearded throat.
Sessile-leaved Germander. PI. ?
75 T. undula'tum (Lour. coch. p. 369..) leaves oblong, un-
dulated, a little crenated ; corymbs terminal, f; . G. Native of
Cochinchina, in hedges. Stem shrubby, erect, branched. Leaves
obtuse, glabrous, petiolate. Flowers pale, disposed in terminal
racemose corymbs. Corolla 5-cleft, with a short tube and ob-
tuse segments, the superior segments divaricate. Stamens very
long, ascending. Achenia naked.
tJiidulatedAeiLved Germander. Shrub 5 feet.
76 T. the'a (Lour. coch. p. 363 ) leaves ovate-lanceolate ;
stem procumbent ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. Ij . G. Na-
tive of Cochinchina, among bushes. Stem shrubby, 8 feet, pro-
cumbent, glabrous, unarmed, terete, branched. Leaves ovate-
oblong, acute, quite entire, petiolate, glabrous. Flowers white.
Stamens longer than the corolla. Stigma bipartite, acute.
Tea Germander. Shrub procumbent.
77 T. ROTUNDiFOLiuM (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 767.) leaves
ovate-rounded, crenated, glabrous, on long petioles ; spike ter-
minal, few-flowered ; peduncles very long ; stem simple, tetrago-
nal. Tf.. F. Native of Buenos Ayres, Commerson. T. Com-
mersonii, Spreng, syst. 2. p. 710. Leaves distant, glabrous, pe-
tiolate. Peduncle slender, terminal, bearing a short spike of
flowers at top. Calyx pubescent, acutely 5 -toothed. Lip of
corolla blue.
Round-leaved Germander. PI. 1 foot.
78 T. fascicula'tum (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 767.) stem
shrubby : leaves subfasciculate, narrow-linear, glabrous, with a
subtubercular tooth on one or other side ; spike short, terminal.
Ij . F. Native country unknown. Stem brown, glabrous, terete.
Leaves sessile, 6-8 lines long. Corollas yellow.
Fascicled-]ea\ed Germander. Shrub.
Cull. The greater number of the species grow best in a dry
soil and shady situation ; but T. Scordium and T. lanuginbsum
require a moist boggy soil. All the perennial herbaceous kinds
are readily propagated by division and by seeds. Most of the
shrubby species being rather tender require the protection of a
frame or greenhouse in winter ; and they are readily increased
by cuttings of young wood. The seeds of annual kinds only
require to be sown in the open border in spring, where they are
intended to remain.
CIX. A'JUGA (said to be from a priv. and i^vyoQ, zugos, a
yoke; in reference to the calyx being equal, not bilabiate; or
either from Abigo, or from a priv. and Jugo, to yoke ; both
from a supposed power of procuring abortion, which, however,
the plants do not possess.) Benth. lab. p. 090. A'juga and
Teucrium species, Lin. and other authors. — Phleboanthe, Tauch.
— Biigula and Chama'pithys, Tourn.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx ovate or glo-
bosely campanulate, nearly equal, 5-cleft or toothed. Corolla
with an inclosed or exserted tube, straight or somewhat spirally
■ twisted, usually furnished with a pilose ring inside ; limb bilabi-
ate ; upper lip short, but generally very short, emarginate :
lower lip elongated, spreading, trifid, having the lateral segments
oblong, and the middle segment broader, emarginate, or bifid.
Stamens 4, ascending, usually exserted from the upper lip,.didy-
namous, lower ones the longest ; anthers 2-celled : cells diverg-
ing or divaricate, at length confluent. Style about equally bifid
at top; stigmas minute. Achenia reticulately wrinkled. — Annual
or perennial herbs, usually procumbent or ascending, sometimes
stoloniferous. Whorls 2 or many-flowered, dense, sometimes
all axillary, when the floral leaves conform to the cauline
ones ; sometimes the superior whorls are approximate into
spikes, then the floral leaves are small, and of a different form
from the cauline ones.
Sect. I. Bu^gula (the Latin name of Comfrey.) Benth.
lab. p. 692. Whorls 6, but generally many-flowered. Co-
rollas usually blue, rose-coloured, white, purplish, but never
yellow.
1 A. loba'ta (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 108.) stolons creep-
ing ; leaves on long petioles, roundish, coarsely crenated or
lobed, nearly glabrous. !{.. F. Native of Nipaul and Go-
sainsthan. Herb nearly glabrous or sparingly pilose. Leaves
1-2 inches long, usually deeply cordate at the base, but some-
times truncate and cuneated. Lower whorls 2-flovvered, upper
ones approximate. Calyx 4-5 cleft.
Zofierf-leaved Bugle. PI. | foot. ?
2 A. re'ptans (Lin. spec. 785.) stolons creeping ; leaves
ovate or obovate, quite entire or sinuated, and are, as well as the
stems, nearly glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Europe and Middle
Asia, in grassy humid places ; plentiful in Britain. Hook. fl.
lond. vol. 2. icone. Smith, engl. bot. 7. t. 489. Biigula rep-
tans, Mill.dict.no. 1. Moench, meth. p. 382. Biigula, Riv.
mon. irr. t. 75. f. ]. — Blackw. t. 64. f. 1. Floriferous branches
LABIAT;E. CIX. Ajuga.
871
erect, glabrous, or pubescent. Radical leaves petiolate ; caiiline
ones nearly sessile. Lower whorls remote ; U|)per ones spicate,
6-20-flowered. Corollas varying from blue to rose-colour and
white. This was formerly recommended as a vulnerary herb,
but it is now altogether neglected.
Creeping or Common Bugle. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI.
1 foot.
3 A. orienta'lis (Lin. spec. 785.) plant without stolons as-
cending, pilosely vioolly ; leaves ovate, coarsely and sinuately
toothed, narrowed at the base : floral ones sessile, broad-ovate,
deeply lobed or toothed, exceeding the flowers ; whorls distant,
or the upper ones are approximate; lube of corolla twisted, ex-
serted, naked inside ; limb of corolla resupinate. I^.H. Na-
tive of Europe and Asia, in the region of the Mediterranean, on
dry hills and pastures ; as of Spain, Sicily, Italy, Grecian Islands,
Syria, Tauria, and Caucasus, &:c. Biigula obliqua, Moench,
meth. p. 38,'. Bugula orientalis, Mill. diet. no. 5. — Dill. elth.
t. 52. f. 61. Radical leaves petiolate, large. Calyx deeply 5-
cleft, with narrow, very pilose segments. Corollas blue.
Eastern Bugle. Fl. May, June. Clt. 173'^. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
4 A. pyramida'lis (Lin. spec. p. 785.) plant without stolons,
pilosely hispid or glabrous, erect ; cauline leaves approximate,
scarcely petiolate, obovate : floral leaves broad-ovate, clasping
the flowers, tetragonally pyramidate, the upper ones often co-
loured, all quite entire or obscurely sinuated ; upper whorls or
all spicate ; tube of corolla straight, exserted, annulate inside.
% . H. Native of Europe, in shady mountain-places ; and of
Eastern Caucasus ; as of La|)land, Sweden, Pyrenees, Cevennes,
Provence, Switzerland, Piedmont, Greece, S:c. in several parts
of the North of Scotland. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1270. (Ed. fl.
dan. 185. Biigula pyramidalis, Mill. diet. no. 2. Teucrium
pyramidale, Crantz, stirp. austr. Radical leaves 1^ to 2 inches
lung, gradually becoming smaller as they ascend the stem.
Whorls many-flowered. Calyx 5-cleft. Corollas blue or purple.
Pyramidal Bugle. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. ^ foot.
5 A. cilia' TA (Bunge, enum. pi. chin. bor. p. 51.) plant with-
out stolons ; stems erect, elongated, glabrous ; cauline leaves re-
mote, ovate, coarsely toothed, membranaceous, almost glabrous,
with ciliated margins : lower floral leaves similar to the cauline
ones : upper ones ovate, acute, quite entire, coloured a little, ci-
liated ; whorls spicate, or the lower ones are remote ; tube of
corolla much exserted. If.. H. Native of the North of China,
in humid shady places at the rivulet called Ssi-jui-ssy, Bunge.
Stems a little branched. Corollas blue. Bracteas purplish. Very
nearly allied to ./. Geneveiisis.
Ciliated Bugle. PI. 1 i foot.
6 A. Geneve'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 785.) plant without stolons;
stem erect, pilose ; cauline leaves oblong-elliptic or obovate, nar-
rowed at the base : lower ones petiolate : floral ones ovate or
cuneated : superior ones scarcely equalling the flowers or shorter,
all usually coarsely toothed,
membranaceous, green on both
surfaces, and beset with scat-
tered hairs ; upper whorls spi-
cate : lower ones distant ; tube
of corolla much exserted. Tf..
H. Native of Europe and Asi-
atic Russia, on grassy moun-
tains ; as of Sweden, France,
Germany, Italy, Tauria, and
Caucasus, North of China, &c. ;
North of England, among the
mountains. A. alphia, Lin. mant,
p. 80. Smith, engl. bot. t. 477.
A. foliosa, Tratt. arab. 1. p. 25,
with a figure. ? A. rugosa.
Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 120. A.
FIG. 89.
multiflbra, Bunge, enum. pi. chin. bor. p. 51. A. pyramida-
lis, Bieb. II. cauc. 2. p. 32. Lasch. in Linna^a. 5. p. 443. and of
many other authors, but not of Lin. A. alpestris, Duinort, flo-
rul. belg. p. 42. ? Teucrum Genevensis, Crantz, stirp. ausir.
Bugula alpina. All. ped. 1. p. 45. Biigula deciimbens. Mill,
diet. no. 2. Bugula Genevensis, Mill. diet. no. 4. Bugula
montana, Riv. mon. irr. t. 140. f 2. Plant very variable in sta-
ture, form of leaves, and hairiness, as sometimes hardly to be
distinguished from A. fijramididis, and sometimes it is also allied
to^. australis and A. rembta. Leaves more or less pilose, with a
few teeth or lobes ; upper floral ones coloured. Calyx 5-cleft,
hairy. Corollas varying from blue to rose-colour and white ;
tube annulate inside.
Geneva Bugle. Fl. May, July. England. PI. ' to 1 foot.
7 A. REMOTA (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 59. lab. p.
694.) plant without stolons, branched at the base, procumbent ;
floriferous branches ascending, villous ; leaves oblong-elliptic or
ovate, narrowed at the b.nse : floral leaves ovate-cuneated, ex-
ceeding the flowers, all thickish and somewhat coriaceous, vil-
lous, coarsely few-toothed ; whorls remote or the upper ones are
approximate ; tube of corolla exserted; middle segment of lower
lip scarcely emarginate. If.. H. Native of India, in the pro-
vinces of Oude, Hiirdwar, and Kamaon, Wall ; Himalaya at
Nag-kanda, Royle ; Deyra Dhoun, Royle and Jacquemont ; Be-
rali and Mirpoor, Jacquemont. This differs from J. Gencrcnsis
in the characters given. Whorls many-flowered. Calyx inflately
globose after inflorescence. Corollas varying from violaceous or
blue to rose colour and white, more slender and smaller than in
A. Genevaisis.
Remote Bugle. PI. ascending or procumbent.
8 A. O'pHRYDis (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. no. STOO.)
plant without stolons, erect, pilosely hispid; leaves obovate, nar-
rowed at the base: floral leaves ovate, equalling the flowers or
scarcely exceeding them, all thickish and somewhat coriaceous,
glabrous or villous, coarsely few-toothed ; lower whorls remote :
upper ones spicate ; tube of corolla equalling the calyx ; middle
lobe of lower lip bifid. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, Masson, Burchell. Allied to A. Genevensis and A. remola,
but differs from both in the stems being erect and hispi<l, in the
floral leaves being broad, and in the flowers being twice the size,
and in the form of the corolla. Corollas blue; tube annulate
inside.
Ophrys-like Bugle. PI. i to | foot.
9 A. austra'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 503.) plant without stolons;
stems ascending or erect, pubescent, rather villous or glabrous;
leaves narrow-oblong, narrowed at the base, quite entire or sin-
uated, thickish, rather villous : floral leaves similar to the c.nu-
line leaves, exceeding the flowers ; lower whorls remote: upper
ones subspicate ; tube of corolla exserted; middle segment of
lower lip emarginately bifid. %. F. Native of New Holland,
in grassy places, at Port Jackson, and in the interior, &c. Very
like A. Genecensis, but differs in the leaves being narrower,
longer, and more entire, especially the floral leaxes. .Stem,
leaves, and calyxes pubescent, with short adpres^ed hairs. Teeth
of calyx short. Corolla blue ; tube annulate inside.
Southern Bugle. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. \ foot.
10 A. Diemk'nica (Benth. lab. p. 695.) plant humble, without
stolons, ascending ; leaves narrow-oblong, narrowed at the base,
petiolate, or the superior ones are sessile, quite entire or sinu-
ately toothed, thickisli : floral leaves similar to the cauline ones,
much longer than the flowers ; whorls all remote ; tube of co-
rolla equalling the calyx : middle segment of lower lip shortly
emarginate. Tl- F. Native of Van Diemen's Land, Gunn and
Lawrence. Plant more humble, more villous, and less erect tlian
A. auslralis. Leaves, especially the floral ones, usually toothed.
Corollas blue ; ? tube annulate inside.
Van Diemen's Land Bugle. PI. \ foot.
872
LABIATE. CIX. Ajuga.
11 A. acau'lis (Brocchi, Osserv. suUi. abruz. p. 22.) plant
without stolons ; stems very short ; leaves oblong or obovate,
narrowed a long way at the base, hardly sinuately toothed ; flo-
ral leaves similar to the cauline leaves, but smaller, all glabrous
or pilose ; whorls few, condensed ; tube of corolla straight, much
exserted. If.. H. Native of the South of Italy, in the iiigher
mountain pastures, in Abruzzo and Calabria ; also of Sicily. A.
decumbens. Tenor, fl. nap. but not of Thunb. A. Ten6rii, Presl.
fl. sic. p. 34. Stems sliorter than the leaves, scarcely 2 inches.
Leaves approximate, 1^ to 2 inches long, or longer ; floral ones
narrower, generally quite entire, about equal in length to the co-
rollas. Whorls few-flowered. Calyx semiquinquefid. Corolla
nearly an inch long ; tube annulate inside.
Stemless Bugle. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
12 A. sinua'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 503.) hairy; stems many,
procumbent ; radical leaves longer than the petioles, and are, as
well as the floral ones, sinuated, attenuated at the base ; whorls
6-flowered ; calyx very hairy ; corolla rather pilose. %.'?¥.
Native of New Holland, at the Coal river near Port Jackson. A
very distinct species, with the habit of A. parviflora. Flowers
small, blue.
Sinualed-leaved Bugle. PL procumbent.
13 A. PARVIFLORA (Bcuth. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 59.
lab. p. 696.) plant diffuse, without stolons ; branches ascending,
villous ; leaves broad-ovate, narrowed into the petioles at the
base, sinuately subdentate : floral leaves ovate, almost quite en-
tire, exceeding the flowers, all thick, very villous, and subcanes-
cent ; flowers minute ; tube of corolla shorter than the calyx.
%. F. Native of the Himalaya, in Kaniaon, Wall ; at Simlah,
Lady Dalhousie ; Mussooree, Ro\le and Jacquemont ; at Illaha-
bad, and in the valley of the Jumna, Jacquemont. Stems nume-
rous. Whorls many-flowered. Corollas pale violet, exannulate.
Stamens inclosed.
SmaU-Jlonered Bugle. PI. 5 to J foot.
14 A. BRACTEOSA (Wall, ex Benth. 1. c. lab. p. 696.) plant
without stolons, diffuse ; branches ascending, villous ; leaves
broad-ovate, narrowed into the petioles at the base : floral leaves
similar to the rest, exceeding the flowers, all sinuately toothed
or quite entire, thick, very villous, subcanescent ; upper whorls
spicate ; flowers small ; tube of corolla exserted. i^. F. Na-
tive of Nipaul, Hamilt. A. integrifolia, Hamilt. in D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 108. Habit and hairiness o{ A. parviflora, but
taller and more branched ; cauline and floral leaves larger ; whorls
more approximate ; flowers as large again, but one half smaller
than those of A. Gencvensis. Corollas blue ; tube annulate
inside.
Bracteate Bugle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. | to f foot.
15 A. DENSiFLORA (Wall, cx Benth. 1. c. lab. p. 696.) plant
without stolons, humble, ascending, or erect, villous ; leaves ob-
long or ovate, subcrenated, narrowed at the base, thick, villous :
upper floral leaves or all are shorter than the flowers ; whorls
spicate or the lower ones hardly remote ; tube of corolla equal-
ling the calyx : middle segment of lower lip scarcely emarginate.
11 . F. Native of Nipaul. Allied to A. parviflora and A. brac-
Icosa. Corolla blue ; lower lip size of that of ^. Genevensu.
Dense-Jlowered Bugle. PI. 5 to J foot.
16 A. decu'mbens (Thunb. fl. jap. 243.? Benth. lab. p. 697.)
plant procumbent, without stolons ; leaves subovate, coarsely
toothed or cut, narrowed at the base, glabrous or villous : lower
floral leaves almost similar to the cauline leaves : superior ones
or all are bractea-formed, shorter than the flowers ; whorls spi-
cate, or the lower ones are few, axillary, and distant ; calycine
teeih bluntish ; tube of corolla inclosed or a little exserted. %.
F. Native of Nipaul and Kamaon, Wall ; Kheree Pass and
Deyra Dhoun, Royle ; China, Sir G. Staunton. Intermediate
between A. densifldra and A. macrospcrma. Whorls globose.
Decumbent Bugle. PI. procumbent.
17 A. h[Acrospe'rma (Wall, ex Benth. 1. c. lab. p. 697) plant
without stolons, erect or ascending, bran..ljed ; cauline leaves
am])lc, ovate, coarsely toothed, narrowed a 1 ng way at the base,
membranaceous, glabrous or sparingly pilose : lower leaves almost
similar to the rest : upper floral leaves or all bractea-formed,
and sliorter than the flowers ; whorls spicate, or the lower ones
are subremote ; calycine teeth obtuse : tube of corolla shortly
exserted. %. F. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua
Mountains, and on Mount Taong Dong near Ava. Stem pani-
culately branched. Lower leaves on long petioles, 2-4 inches
long. Calyx turbinate. Corolla small, with an elongated tube,
which is inflated in the middle, and annulate inside.
Large-seeded Bugle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Chame'pithys (from x"H"^> cliamai, on the ground,
and Tri-ur, piius, a pine ; the odour of ChamEe'pithys is bitter and
resinous like that of the pine.) Benth. lab. p. 697. Whorls 2,
rarely 4-flowered. Corollas red or yellow; upper lip very short
and truncate.
ISA. Laxma'nni (Benth. lab. p. 697.) stems ascending, pi-
loscly woolly ; leaves sessile, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, quite en-
tire, pubescent or pilose: floral leaves similar to the cauline ones;
whorls 2-flowered ; calyx ample, semiquinquefid, with oblong,
bluntish, nearly equal segments; tube of corolla inclosed. "21.
H. Native of the South-east of Europe and Middle Asia ; as
of Hungary, Transylvania, Bessarabia, Tauria, Caucasus, and
Iberia. Teiicrium Laxmanni, Lin. syst. p. 439. Waldst. et Kit.
pi. rar. hung. 1. t. 69. Phleboanthe Laxmanni, Tausch. in bot.
zeit. 1828. l.p. 323. Stems branched, clothed with long hairs.
Leaves about 2 inches long, stem-clasping ; lower ones narrowed
at the base ; upper ones roundish ; floral leaves all exceeding
the flowers. Corollas yellow, nearly an inch long. Genitals
equal in length to the segments of corolla.
Laxinann's Ground-pine. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
19 A. oblonga'ta (Bieb. fl. cauc. suppl. p. 388.) stem erect-
ish, very pilose ; leaves nearly sessile, narrowly oblong, obtuse,
quite entire, pilose : floral leaves similar to the cauline leaves ;
whorls 2-flowered ; upper tooth of calyx minute : lower ones
equal in length to the tube ; tube of corolla shortly exserted.
1/ . H. Native of Caucasus, in sandy places ; and of Syria, be-
tween Bagdad and Aleppo. A. salicifolia, Stev. mem. soc. nat.
cur. mosq. 3. p. 265, but not of Lin. This differs from A. Lax-
manni in the smaller stature and leaves, more stiff hairs, and form
of calyx. Stems usually panicled. Corollas yellow, about the size
of those of A. Laxmanni, but the lateral segments are rather
broader.
06/o)!g'-leaved Ground-pine. PI. 1 foot.
20 A. SALICIFOLIA (Schreb. unilab. p. 26.) herbaceous, pubes-
cent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, quite entire or a little
toothed, narrowed into the short petioles at the base ; calyx to-
mentosely hairy, with oblong obtuse teeth, the upper tooth the
shortest ; flowers on short pedicels. 11 . H. Native of Syria,
between Smyrna and Bursa ; and of Tauria and Armenia. Sibth.
et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 22. t. 526. Teiicrium salicifolium, Lin.
mant. p. 80. Schreb. dec. I. p. 17. t. 9. This differs from A.
oblongata in the short stiff pubescence. Habit and flowers
almost the same, but the calyx is larger.
II illon'-leated Ground-pine. PI. procumbent. ?
21 A. CHAM/Eci'sTus (Ging. in herb. D. C. ex Benth. lab. p.
698.) suffruticose ; branches white, nearly glabrous ; leaves ses-
sile, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, quite entire, green on both surfaces,
but finely pubescent or glabrous ; flowers pedicellate ; calyx at-
tenuated at the base, with oblong obtuse equal teeth. fj . F.
Native of Persia. A very distinct species. Leaves an inch long.
Calyx tomentose at the base, whitish, with green teeth. Tube
of corolla a little exserted.
LABIATiE. CIX. Ajuga. CX. Cvmauia.
873
D)varf-c\stus Ground-pine. Slirub.
22 A. TvA (Schreb. unilab. p. 25.) annual, diffuse, pilosely
hispid ; leaves oblong-linear, coarsely toothed or almost quite
entire, with subrcvolute edges : floral leaves similar to the
cauline leaves ; whorls 2-C-flowered ; tube of corolla exserted.
©. H. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa, in
the region of the Mediterranean. A. nioschata, Schreb. unilab.
p. 26. Teucrium Tva, Lin. spec. p. 7S7. Cav. icon. 2. t. 120.
Teucrium moschatum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 409. Moscharia aspe-
rifolia, Forsk, fl. a?gypt. 154. — Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 22. f. 3.
— Lob. icon. t. 384. Branches numerous, tufted, leafy. The
whole plant beset with stiff hairs. Leaves about an inch long,
narrowed at the base. Corolla rose-coloured ; tube annulate
inside. This species possesses the same qualities as A. Chamce-
pilhijs. Var. ft, flowers yellow. *? • F. A. pseudoiva, D. C.
fl. fr. suppl. p. 395. A. Tva, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p.
22. t. 5i5. This does not differ from the species, unless in the
colour of the flower.
ha Ground-pine. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. \ to
\ foot.
23 A. TRiDACTYLi TES (Ging. mss. ex Benth. lab. p. 699.)
suffruticose, diffuse, pilosely hispid ; leaves cuneated-oblong,
deeply tridentate at the apex or trifid, with short ovate-oblong
teeth : floral leaves similar to the cauline ones : upper ones
shorter than the flowers ; whorls 2-flowered ; tube of corolla
exserted. Pj • F- Native of Palestine, on the top of Mount St.
Catherine, N. Bove ; and at the foot of Mount Libanon, Meryon.
Habit of ^. rva, but differs in the form of the leaves and smaller
flowers. Corolla rose-coloured. Filaments pilose, like those of
T/iree-fngered-leaved Ground-pine. Shrub ^ to ^ foot.
24 A. Chi'a (Schreb. unilab. p. 25.) herbaceous, erect, pi-
losely hispid ; leaves deeply trifid, with linear, quite entire or
trifid lobes : floral leaves similar to the others, rather shorter
than the corollas ; whorls 2-flowered, distinct. ©. H. Native
of Europe and Asia, in the region of the Mediterranean, on dry
hills ; as of Sicily, Italy, Lsland of Chio, and other Grecian
islands; also of Tauria. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 21. t.
524. A. Chamae'pithys, Guss. fl. sic. prod. 2. p. 66. Teilcrium
Ch'uim, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 772. Hardly differing from A. Cha-
vice'pithys, unless in the corollas being twice as long, and in the
stems and leaves being more hairy.
/ar. /3, mJwor (Benth. lab. p. 699.) ©. H. Native of Syria,
near Aleppo, Russell. This variety is nearly allied to A. tridac-
tyllles.
Chio Ground-pine. PI. I to 1 foot.
25 A. Cham^'pithys (Schreb. unilab. 24.) herbaceous, dif-
fuse ; leaves deeply trifid, with linear, quite entire or trifid lobes :
floral leaves similar to the others, exceeding the flowers; whorls
2-flowered. ©. H. Native of Middle and South Europe ; also
of Asia, in the Pontic region ; Tauria and Caucasus. In England
it abounds in Kent and Surrey, but otherwise a scarce plant.
Smith, engl. hot. t. 77. Teucrium Chamae'pithys, Lin. spec. 787.
CEd. fl.dan. t. 733. Bugula Chamae'pithys, Scop. cam. no. 718.
Chamce'pithys vulgaris, Link, handb. p. 453. Chama'pithys
trifida, Dimiort, florul. belg. p. 42.— Ludw. ect. t. 130.— Riv.
mon. irr. t. 14. f. 1.— Mor. hist. sect. 11. f. 22. f. 1. Stems
procumbent at the base, much branched, beset with long hairs
like the leaves, which are ciliated with long hairs. Corolla yel-
low, dotted with red, pubescent outside. Filaments rather pilose.
The whole plant has a highly aromatic odour, and was much es-
teemed in the same disorders as Teucrium Bdtrys, and was an in-
credient in the Portland powder.
Ground-Pine, Common. Fl. April, July. England. PI. dif-
fuse 2 to i foot.
26 A. 'gla^bra (Presl. fl. sic p. 36.? Benth. lab. p. 700.)
VOL. IV,
herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves dilated at the base, deeply trifid,
with linear, quite entire lobes : floralleaves similar to the others;
whorls 2-flowered ; calycine teedi lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous.
©.?H. Native of Sicily and Syria. Teucrium lajvigatum,
Russ. nat. hist, alepp. 2. p. 255. This differs from the preced-
ing by its being glabrous, and by the flowers being twice the
size ; and from //. C/ila by its being glabrous.
Glabrous Ground-Pine. PI. 5 to ^ foot. ?
Sect. Ill Pseudoanisomeles (so called from the species
having the habit of the genus Anisumelcs, with the anthers of
A'jnga. False Anisomcles.) Benth. lab. p. 700. Whorls 2-6-
flowered. Upper lip of corolla hardly thrice as short as the
lower lip. Australian plants. The two species have the calyx,
corolla, and nearly the habit of Anisomeles, with the anthers of
A'juga. The achenia have not been seen.
27 A. ? virga'ta (Benth. lab. p. 700.) stems elongated, twiggy,
nearly simple ; leaves oblong : cauline leaves coarsely serrated,
somewhat canescently villous : floral leaves quite entire, exceed-
ing the calyxes ; whorls distant, 2-6-flowered, disposed in long
racemes; tube of corolla inclosed. %.'! G. Native of New
Holland, in the interior, at the river Lachlan, Cunningham.
Stems pubescent. Leaves almost of Anisomeles ; lower ones
petiolate ; upper ones sessile, narrow at the base, 1-2 inches
long. Flowers nearly sessile.
Twiggy Bugle. PI. 1 to If foot.
28 A.? tridenta'ta (Benth. lab. p. 701.) stems elongated,
twiggy, simple ; cauline leaves oblong, petiolate : floral leaves
sessile, ovate, trifid at apex, exceeding the flowers ; whorls dis-
tant, 2-6-flowered, disposed in long racemes ; tube of corolla
exserted. It- ? G. Native along with the preceding, Cunning-
ham. Whorls occupying the larger part of the stem, usually 2-
flowered. Flowers nearly sessile. Calyx glabrous or pubes-
cent, campanulate, deeply 5-toothed. This differs from the pre-
ceding in the smaller calyxes, larger corollas, and tridentate floral
leaves.
TridentateAeaxeA Bugle. PI. 1 to H foot.
•j- A species not sufficiently known.
29 A. re PENS (Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 3.) biennial, procumbent,
villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed into the petioles at
the base, coarsely and unequally serrated ; spikes terminal, cy-
lindrical ; bracteas oblong, ventricose, 5-flowered, therefore the
whorls are 10-flowered. i . G. Native of the East Indies, in
the province of Chittagong. A robust diffuse plant, having the
lower branches generally radicant.
Creeping Bugle. PI. robust.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Teucrium, p. 870.
Most of the species belonging to section Bugula require a
moist soil.
CX. CYMA'RIA (from cyma, a cyme ; in allusion to the
flowers being disposed in cymes.) Benth. in bot. reg. vol. 15.
lab. p. 705.
LiN. sYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx nearly globose,
about 1 0-nerved, equal, 5-toothed ; throat coarctate, naked inside.
Corolla with a subexserted straight tube and a bilabiate limb ;
lips nearly equal ; upper lip erect, entire, arched ; lower lip
spreading, trifid, having the middle segment entire. Stamens 4,
ascending under the lower lip, didynamous ; lower ones the
longest; anthers 2-celled : cells at'length divaricate. Upper
lobe of style very short ; sti,'mas minute. Achenia dry, wrin-
kled.—Shrubs. Flowers small, cymose ; cymes racemose. This
genus resembles Craniotome and Plectranlhus \n habit; yet the
rugose achenia, less deeply separated than in most Labtattr,
& T
874
LABIATE, ex. Cymaria.
seem to indicate its station as lying between A'jugo'idece and
Verhenacece.
1 C. DicHOTOMA (Benth. in Wall. pi. rar. 1. p. 64. lab. p.
705.) leaves ovate, nearly glabrous above, scarcely wrinkled ;
cymes loose, panicled ; peduncles slender, 3-4 times longer than
tlie petioles, fj . S. Native of the Burman Empire, on Mount
Tiiong Dong and at Segaen. Branches tomentose. Leaves on
short petioles, crenated, tomentose beneath while young.
Dicholomous Cymaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 C. elonga'ta (Benth. in Wall. 1. c. lab. p. 705.) leaves
wrinkled, tomentose on both surfaces ; cymes dense, on short
peduncles ; racemes terminal, elongated, loose. t; . S. Native
along with the preceding. This differs from the first in the
branches being elongated and densely tomentose, in the leaves
being on shorter petioles, and usually rounded at the base ;
cymes of flowers more numerous, disposed into an elongated ter-
minal raceme. Calyx densely tomentose.
E longated-hranched Cymaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Pleclranthus, p. G82.
THE END.
D. H. HILL LIBRARY
Norfh Carolina ^fate College
A CATALOGUE
OF THE
NAMES OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO;
WITH THE ABBREVIATIONS USED.
In this catalogue the abbreviations used in the text are in Italics, and the full titles of the works in Roman letters.
Abel Chin. Abel (Clarke). Voyage to China, 4to. London, 1818.
Abbot, ins. \ Abbott's natin-al history of the insects
Abbott, insect, georg. J of Georgia, 2 vols. fol. London, 1798.
Abercrombie. Abercrombie (John). Tiie practieil gardener's
companion, or horticultural calendar, &c., London, and The
gardener's pocket journal and annual register, &c., 1 vol.
12mo., 1791.
Abhand. cicad. 7fiss. Abhandlungen der churfiirstlich baierischen
Akadeniie der Wissenschaften, 6 vols. 4to. Munchen, 1 763.
Continued. New Series, 1827.
Abhand. nat. ges. da7tt::. Versuche und Abhandlungen der
naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Dantzig, 4 vols. 4to.
Dantzig, 1747-1778.
Abhand. nat. ges. hall. Abhandlungen der Hallischen natiir-
forschenden Gesellschaft, 1 vol. 8vo. Leipsig, 1783.
Abhand. acad. ges. zur. Ahhandlungen der naturforschenden
gesellschaft in Zurich, 3 vols. 8vo., 1701-1766.
Abhand. bblim. Abhandlungen einer Gesellschaft in Bohmen
zur Aufnahme der vaterliindischen Geschichte und der Natural
geschichte, 8vo. Prague, 1775-1789.
Abhand (neu) B'ohm, or bohem. Neuen Abhandlungen der
Bohmischen Gesellschaft, 8vo. Prague.
Achar. lich. Acharius (Erick). Lichenographia universalis, 1
vol. 4to. Gottingen, 1810.
Act acad. erford. Acta academise electoralis moguntinae scien-
tiarum utilium quae Erfordi est. 2 vols. 8vo. 1778-1795
Act. acad. petrop. Acta academiae scientiarum imperialis
petropolitanae, 4to. Petersburg, 1777-1782.
Act. nov. acad. petrop. Nova acta academiae scientiarum im-
perialis petropolitanae, 4to. Petersburg, 1 783-1 81C.
Act. soc. bot. ratisb. Denskschriften der koniglich-baierischen
botanischen Gesellschaft in Regensburg, 4to. Ratisbon,
1815. Continued.
Act. amstel. See Verhand. amstel.
Act. batav. See Verhand. batav.
Act. berol. See Mem. acad. berol. and Hist. acad. so. berol.
Act. bonn. See Comm. inst. berol.
Act. gcett. See Comm. gcett.
Act. hafn. Acta litteraria universitatis hafniensis, 1788. Con-
tinued.
Act. harl. See Verhand haarl.
Act. liass. See Act. soc. acad. hass.
Act. helv. Acta Helvetica physico-mathematico-botanico-medi-
ca, 8 vols. 4to. Basil, 1751-1777.
Act. helv. nov. Nova acta helvetica, 1 vol. 4to. Basil, 1787.
Act. holm. See Handl. svensk. acad.
Act. ital. See Mem. soc. ital.
Act. lips. See Schrift leipz. akad. soc.
Act. lus. See Mem. acad. lisb.
Act. monsp. See Hist. soc. roy. sc. monsp.
Act. nut. cur. Acta physico-modica academiae caesarea; naturse
curiosorum, 10 vols. Norimberg, 1725-1754.
Act. nov. nat. cur. Nova acta physico-medica academicK caesa-
reae leopoldino-carolina3 natura; curiosorum, 7 vols. 4to.
Noremberg, 1757-1783.
Act. par. See Mem. inst. and Mem. acad. sc. par.
Act. petrop. See Comm. acad. sc. petrop. and Act. acad. petrop.
Act. phil. amer. See Trans, anicr. soc.
Act. acad. buhm. See Abhand. bohm.
Act. soc. acad. hass. Acta philosophico-medica societatis acade-
micae scientiarum principalis Hassiacae, 1 vol. 4to. Geissa,
1771.
Act. succ. See Handl. svensk. acad. and Act. ups.
Act. soc. hist. nat. par. Actes de la societe d'histoire r.aturelle
de Paris, 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1792.
Act. taur. See Mem. acad. taur. and Misc. taur.
Act. tol. See Mem. acad. toul.
Act. tur. See Abhand. acad. ges. zur.
Act. U7iiv. hafn. Acta litteraria universitatis Hafniensis, 1 vol.
4to. Copenhagen, 1778.
Act vps. Acta societatis regiae scientiarum upsaliensis, 4to.
Many vols. New scries. Nova Acta, &c. Upsal, 1720-1816.
Act. vliss. See Verhand. vliss.
5T2
876
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Adam in Weh. et Mohr heytr. Adam (John Fred). See Web.
et Mohr beytr.
Adams in act. mosc. T ^^,^^^ ^[^_ p^ g^.^ ^j^^
Adams in soc. hist. nat. mosc. > ^
... . I mosc.
Adams m mem. nat. cur. mosc. J
Adams in act. acad petrop. Ibid. See Act. acad. petrop.
Adams et Fisch- in mem. soc. nat. mosc. Ibid. See Mem. mosc.
Adans. sen. Adanson (Michael). Histoire naturelle du Senegal,
1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1757.
Adans. Jam. Ibid. Families des plantes, 2 vols. 8vo. Paris,
17C3.
Afz. obs. Afzelius (Adam). De vegetabilibus suecaniis observa-
tiones et experimenta, resp. Wadsberg, 1 fasc. 4to. Upsal,
1785.
Afz. rem. guin. Ibid. Remedia guineensia, 4to. Upsal, 181 G.
Afz. gen. guin. Ibid. Genera plantarum guineensium, 4to.
Upsal, 1804.
Afz. in act. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Ainslie. Ainslie (Whitelavv). Materia medica of the East
Indies, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 18^6.
Ait. hort. kew. Alton (William). Hortus kewensis, 1st edit. 3
vols. 8vo. London, 1789. Second edition by William Towns-
end Aiton, 5 vols. 8vo. London, 1810-1813. The last
edition is the one principally referred to.
Ait. icon. kcm. See Bauer, icon. kew.
Ait. cpit. Aiton (William Townsend). An epitome of the second
edition of Hortus kewensis, 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1814.
Alb.fl.med. Albert! (D.). Flora medica, 4 fasc. 8vo. Milan,
1817.
Aid. f am. Aldinus (Tobias). Exactissima descriptio rariorum
quarundam plantarum quae continentur romae in liorto Far-
nesiano, 1 vol. fol. Rome, 1525.
Aldr. dend. Aldrovandus (Ulysses). Dendrologianaturalis libri
duo, 1 vol. fol. Bologna, 1667.
Alth. mat, med. Alibert (J. L.) Nouveaux elemens de thera-
peutique et de matiere medicale, 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1808.
All. rar. \ Allioni (Carolus). Rariorum pedemontani stir-
All. rar. stirp. J pium specimen, 1 vol. 4to. Turin. 1755.
All. nic. Ibid. Stirpium praecipuarum littoris et agri nicseensis
enumeratio methodum, 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1757.
All. ped.
All. pedem.
Allion pedem
All. auct. Ibid. Auctuarium ad floram pedemontanum, 1 fasc.
4to. Turin, 1789.
All. miscell. taur. Ibid. See Misc. taur.
All. in act. taur. See Act. taur.
Allg. gart. mag. \ Allgemeine Gartenzeitung, 4to. Berlin,
Allg. teutsch. J 1837. Weekly, in Numbers.
Alph. D'C. nion. De CandoUe fils (Alphonse). Monograpliie
des campanulees, 4to. Paris, 1830.
Alph. D'C. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. Trans.
Ah ceo'vvt r -'^Ipinus (Prosper). De plantis aegypti liber,
jL .3 ' , \ 1 vol. 4to. 1st edit. Venice, 1592. 2iid
Alp. pi. c^gypt. Y edit. Padua, 1640.
Alp. exot. \^ Ibid. De plantis exoticis libri duo, 1 vol.
Alp. exot. cBgypt. j 4to, Venice, 1629.
Alp. hist. Ibid. Historia naturalis Jigypti, 2 vols. 4to. 1735.
Amer. pliil. trans. Transactions of the american philosophical
society, 5 vols. 4to. Philadelphia, 1802. New Series, 1818.
Continued.
Amm ruth f •'^™'^^" (John). Stirpium rariorum in imperio
A ini t' \ rutheno sponte provenientium icones et des-
' ' (_ criptiones, 1 vol. 4to. Petersburg, 1739.
Amm. act. petrop. Ibid. See Act. petrop.
Ibid. Flora pedemontana, 3 vols. fol. Turin,
1785.
Anders, in Lin. trans. Anderson (George). See Lin. trans.
Anders, in trans, soc. arts and man. Anderson (William). See
Trans, soc. arts.
J , C Andrews (Henry). The Botanist's repository
, , ■ , V < for new and rare plants, 9 vols. 4to. Lon-
AncCr. bot. rep. 1 , i-r.-, i r 1 1
' l^ don, 1/97, and lollowmg years.
Andr. ger. Ibid. Coloured engravings of Geraniums, fol. London.
Andr. heaths. Ibid. Coloured engravings of heaths, 4 vols. fol.
London, 1802, and following years.
Andrz. in litt. Andrzewsk (Anton). Coadjutor of Besser. See
Bess.
Andrz. cruc. ined. Ibid. Cruciferae. Not published.
Ann. bot. Annals of botany, by C. Konig and John Sims, 2
vols. 8vo. London, 1805-1806.
Ann. hist. nat. madr. Annales de historia natural!, 4 vols. 8vo.
Madrid, 1799-1801.
Ann. mus. Annales du museum d'histoire naturelle, 20 vols. 4to.
Paris, 1802-1813.
^ J . f Annals of the lyceum of natural his-
j ' 1 ' T^T ir I \ torv of New York, several vols. 8vo,
Ann. iiic. New York. \ xj v i loo^ n »• i
•' [_ New York, 1824. Contmued.
Ann. sc. nat. par. "1 « i j • ^ n n •
. ' I Annales des sciences natiirelles. Fans.
^ ■ ' ■ I Many vols. 8vo. Continued.
Ann. sc. J •"
Ann. rvett. Annalen der wetteranischen Gesellschaft fiir die
gesammte Naturkunde.
Ann. soc. Lin. par. Annales de la societe Linneenne de Paris.
1814. Continued.
Ann. agric. Annales de I'agriculture fran9aise, par M. M.
Tessier et Bosc. 68 vols. 8vo. 1789. Continued.
Ard. specim.
Ard. spec.
Arduin. specim
Arduino (Pietro). Animadversionum botani-
carum specimen, 1 vol. fol. Basil, 1562.
Am. or Arnolt in Cheek, journ. \ Arnott (G. W.). See Cheek's
Arnott in Cheek, edinb. journ. J edinb. journ.
Asiat. res. Asiatic researches ; or. The transactions of the
society instituted in Bengal. Many vols. 4to. Calcutta,
1788. Continued.
ius). Synopsis stirpium in-
rragonioe, 1 vol. 4to. Mar-
Asso, arrag. "j De Asso (Ignatit
Asso, syn. > digenarum Arr
Asso, syn. arrag. ) seilles, 1779.
Asio, mant. Ibid. Mantissa stirpium indigenarum arragonia,
1 vol. 4to. 1781.
Att. acad. Ital. Atte dell' academia italiana di scienze, &c.,
1 vol. 4to. Leghorn, 1810.
Att. acad. nap. Attio della reale academia delle scienze e
belle lettere di Napoli, 1 vol. 4to. Naples, 178S.
Aubl. guian. Aublet (Fusee). Histoire des plantes de la
guiane fran^aise, 4 vols. 4to. London, 1773.
Aust. fruit tr. Austen (R.) A treatise on fruit-trees. Second
edition, 1 vol. 4to. Oxford, 1659.
B.
Badier in journ. phys. Badier (M. De). See Journ. phys.
Balb. clench. Balbis (John' Baptist). Elencho delle piante
crescenti me contorni di Torino, 1 fasc. 8vo. Torino, 1801.
Balb. entim. pi. off. Ibid. Enumeratio plantarum officinalium
horto botanici taurinensis, 8vo. Turin, 1805.
Balb.fl. taur. Ibid. Flora taurinensis, 1 vol. 8vo. Turin, 1806.
{Ibid. Horti academici taurinensis stir-
pium minus cognitarum aut forte no-
varum icones et descriptiones, 1 fasc.
Turin, 1810.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
877
Barrelier (Jacobus). Plantce per Galliam,
Hispaniam et Italiam observatee. Edited
by Ant. Jussieii, 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1714.
Ball. mat. med. Ibid, Materies medica pra;lectionibus academi-
cis accommodata, 2 vols. 8vo. Turin, 1811. Extracted from
Act. acad. taur., which see.
Balb. misc. hot. 1 Ibid. Miscellanea botanica, 1 fasc. 8vo. 1806.
Balb. misc. J Extracted from Act. acad. taur., which see.
Balb. cat. \ Ibid. Catalogi horti botanici taurinen-
Balb. cat. hort. taur. f sis, 8vo. 1805-1813.
Balb. Jl. tic. Ibid. See Nocc. et Balb. H. ticin.
Balb. in Spin. cat. Ibid. See Spin. cat.
Balb. in mem. acad. taur. 1 n • i o m i
Balb. in act. acad. taur. J ^^"^- ^" ^^'""^ ""'J- '=»"•"•
Baldw. in Sill, jourti. Baldwyn (William). See Sillim. journ.
Baldw. in Ell. sketch. Ibid. See Elliott's sketch.
Banks, icon. Kampf. Banks (Sir Joseph). Icones selectEe plan-
tarum quas in Japonia collegit et delineavit, 1 vol. fol. Lon-
don, 1791.
Banks, rel. Houst. Ibid. Reliquiaj Houstonianae, 4to. London,
1781.
Banks, herb. Ibid. Banksian herbarium.
Barrl. icon. \
Barr. obs.
Barr. icon.
Barrel, icon.
Barrel, pi. gall.
Barth. act. hafn, Bartholin! (Thomas). Acta medica et philo-
sophica hafniensia, 5 vols. 4to. Copenhagen, 1673-1680.
Bartl. diosm. j ^^J'^'^'S (Fred. Theoph.) et Wendland
Bartl. et Wendl. dios. \ ^"'="'"- ^"''-^ ^'°*.™^ descnpta; et
|_ illustratse, 8vo. Gottmgen, 1824.
Bartl. in herb. Hanke. Ibid. In the Hsenkean herbarium.
Bartl. ord. nat. Bartling (Tliomas). Ordines naturales planta-
rum earumque characteres et affinitates adjecta generum enu-
meratione, 1 vol. 8vo. Gottingen, 1829. Dietrich.
Bart. Jl. jyhil. Barton (W. P. C.) Compendium florae phila-
delphica3, 2 vols. Svo. Philadelphia, 1818.
Bart. Jl. virg. Ibid. Flora virginica.
Bart. med. bol. Barton (Benjamin Smith). Collections for an
essay towards a materia medica of the United States, Svo.
Philadelphia, 1798.
Bartr. trav. Bartram (William). Travels through North and
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, 1 vol. 8vo. Philadelphia,
1791.
Bast. Jl. ~| Bastard or Batard (Thorn.) Essai sur
Bast. ess. Jl. > le flore du departenient de Main et
Bat. Jl. Mainet Loir. J Loir, 1 vol. 12mo. Angers, 1809.
Bast. not. Ibid. Notice sur les vegetaux les plus interessans
du jardin des plantes d'Angers, 1 vol. 12mo. Angers, 1810.
Bast, suppl. Ibid. Supplement a I'essai sur la fiore du departe-
ment de Maine et Loire, 1 fasc. 12mo. Angers, 1812.
Batsch. anal. Jlor. Batsch (Aug. John, George Carl.) Analyses
florum e diversis plantarum generibus, 2 fasc. 4to. Halle,
1791.
Batsch. tail. aff. Ibid. Tabula affinitatum regni vegetabilis, I
vol. Svo. Weimar, 1802.
Bauer, icon. kew. Bauer (Francis). Delineations of exotic plants
cultivated in the royal garden at Kew, 1 fasc. fol. London,
1796.
Bauer, ill. nov. holl. Bauer (Ferdinand). Illustrationes planta-
rum Novae Hollandiae, 2 fasc. fol. London, 1813.
Bauer, ill. pi. ins. norf. Ibid. Illustrations of the plants of
Norfolk Island. Not published.
Bauh. phijt. Bauhim (Caspar). Phytopinax seu enumeratio
plantarum ab herbariis descriptarum, &c. 1 vol. 4to. Basil,
1596,
Batch, cat. bns. Ibid. Catalogus plantarum circa Basileam
sponte nascentium, 1 fasc. Svo. Basil, 1622.
Bauh. prod. Ibid. Prodromus tlicatri botanici in quo plantiv
supra, D. C. proponuntur, 1 vol. 4to. Frankfort, 1620. Se-
cond edit. Basil, 1671.
Bauh. pin. Ibid. Pinax. theatri-botanici, 1 vol. 4to. Basil,
1623. Second edit. 1671.
Bauh. theatr. Theatri-botanici sive historia plantarum, liber
primus, 1 vol. fol. Basil, 1658.
Bauh. hist. 1 Bauhin (John Henry). Historia plantarum uni-
J. Bauh. hist, j versalis, 3 vol. fol. Yverdun, 1650, 1651.
Baums. stirp. trans.
Baumg. enum.
Baumg. trans.
Baumg. Jl. trans.
Baumg. Jl. lip. Ibid
Baumgarten (J. C. G.) Enumeratio stir-
pium magni transylvaniae principatus,
3 vols. Svo. Vienna, 1816.
Flora lipsiensis, Svo. Leipzig, 1790.
Beauv. Jl. d'ow. Palisot de Beauvois (A. M. F. G.) Flore des
royaumes d'Oware et de Benin, 2 vols. fol. Paris, 1 805-1808.
Beauv. agrost. Ibid. Essai d'une nouvelle agrostographie, 1 vol.
Svo. et 4to. Paris, 1812.
Beck, Jl. amer. Beck (Louis C.) Botany of the Northern and
Middle States of America, 1 vol. Svo. Albany, 1833.
Beck, in Sill, journ. Ibid. See Sillim. journ.
Becker, Jl. J'rancof. Becker (John). Flora der Gegend »m
Frankfurt am Main, Svo. Frankfort, 1828.
{Bellardi (Louis). Osservazione bota-
niche con un saggio d'appendice alia
flora pedemontana, 1 fasc. Svo.
Turin, 1788.
Appendix ad floram pedemontanam, 1
Ibid.
Extracted from Act. acad. taur. for 1790-1791,
Ibid. See Act. acad. taur.
Bell, append.
fasc. 8vo.
wliich see.
Bell, in act. taur.
Bellardi in act. acad. taur.
Bell, in act. turin
Bcnih. lab. Bentham (George). Labiatarum genera et species,
1 vol. Svo. London, 1832-1834.
Benth. scroph. ind. Ibid. Scrophularinese indicae, Svo. Lon-
don, 1835.
Benth. cat. "I Ibid. Catalogue des plantes indigenes des
Benth. cat. pyr. J Pyrenees, Svo. Paris, 1826.
Benth. in JVall. cat. Ibid. See Wall. cat.
Benth. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Benth. in Wall. pi. rar, asiat. Ibid. See Wall. pi. rar. asiat.
Benth in Hook, bot. misc. Ibid. See Hook, bot. misc.
Benth. in bot. rcg. Ibid. See Edw. bot. reg.
Benth. ger. in Hook. comp. Ibid. Gerardieae. See Hook, comp.
Benth. in Hook. comp. Ibid. See Hook, comp.
Benth. in Hort. trans. Ibid. See Hort. trans.
Beob. ges. nat. Jrettnd. berol. Beobachtungen und Entdeckungen
aus dem naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin, 5 vols. Svo. Ber-
lin, 1787-1793.
Berg, cinch. Berger (John Gothofr.) Dissertatio de chinchina
ab iniquis judiciis vindicata, 1 fasc. 4to. Wittemberg, 1711.
Bers- phyt. icon. ( Bergeret (J.) Phytonomatotechnie univer-
phi/t. \ selle, 3 vols. fol. Paris.
27yr. f Ibid. Flores des basses Pyrenees, 2 vols.
Jl. bass. ptjr.\ Svo. Paris, 1803.
Bergius (Petr. Jonas). Descriptiones planta-
rum ex capite Bonae Spei, 1 vol. Svo. Stock-
holm, 1767.
Berg. mat. med. Ibid. Materia medica ex regno vegetabili, 2
vols. Svo. Stockholm, 1782.
Berg, in act. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm,
Berg.
Berg.
Berg.
Berg. cap.
Berg. Jl. cap.
878
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Berg, in act. ups. Ibid. See Act. ups.
Berg, in act. vlissing. Ibid. See Verhand. vlissing,
Berl. mag. See Mart. bed. mag.
Berl. samml. See Mart. berl. samml.
Berlandier in mem. soc. phys. gen. Berlandier (M.). See Mem.
soc. phys. gen.
Bern. prov. Bernard (M.) Memoires pour servir de I'liistoire
naturelle de la Provence, 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1787-1788.
Bernh. in Schrad. diarr. Bernliardi (John James). See Sclirad.
journ.
Bert, or Berlero, mss. Bertero (Charles Joseph). His manu-
script names.
Bertero. in ann. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
Bert, c/iil. Ibid. List of plants observed by him in Chili.
Bert, in herb. Balb. Ibid. In the Balbisean herbarium.
Bert, in Spreng. syst. Ibid. See Spreng. syst.
Bertoloni (Anton). Amoenitates italicse
sistentes opuscula ad rem herbariam et
zoologiam Italiae spectant, 1 vol. 4to.
Bologna, 1819.
Bert, atncen. ital.
Bertol. amoen. ital.
Berlol. amoen.
Bert. ital. pi. dec,
Bert. pi. rar. de.
Bertol. ital. dec.
Bertol. pi. rar. ital. dec.
Bertol. pi. gen. Ibid.
8vo.
Ibid. Rariorum Italiae plantarum
decades, 3 vols. 8vo. Genoa et
Pisa, 1803-1810.
Bertol. el. pi. hort, bonn.
Bertol. vind, bonn.
Plantee genuenses quas annis, 1 vol.
Genoa, 1802-1803-1804.
Ibid. Viridarii bononiensis vegetabi-
lia, 4to. Bologna, 1824. From
Giorn. arcad. di scienc.
Bertol. Jl. ital. Ihid. Flora italica, 2 vols. 8vo. Genoa, 1831.
Continued.
Bertol. lucub. Ibid. Lucubrationes de re herbaria, 4to. Bo-
logna, 1822.
Bertol. in Schrad. journ.
Bertol. journ. bot.
Bess. cat. hort. crem, / ^*^f " O^"'''- f/ ^■) Catalogus horti
Besser. cat. hort. krzem.'] ^°'^"!"„7''r'"'" "^'"^"'^'>
(_ Svo. 1 811-1816.
Ibid. Primitiae florEe galicise, 2 vols.
12mo. Vienna, 1809.
• Ibid. See Schrad. journ.
' Ibid. Enumeratio plantarum in Vol-
hynia, Podolia, &c. Collectarum, 1
vol. Svo. Vilna, 1822.
Besser. prlm.Jl. galic
Bess. jl. galic.
Bess. gall.
Bess. enum.
Besser. enum. pi. pod.
Bess. enum. cont. volh
Bess. cont. enum.
Bess. cont. pi. volh.
Bess. enum. volh.
Besl. eyst. 1 Besler (Basil). Hortus eystettensis, 2 vols.
Besl. hort. eyst. ] fol. Nuremberg, 1612.
Bichen. in Lin. trans. Bicheno (J. E.) See Lin. trans.
Bibl. britt. Bibliotheque britanique, 2 vols. 8vo. Geneva,
1796-1815.
Bibl. ital. Bibliotheca Italiana.
Bieb. Jl. taur. cauc. ^ Marschall de Bieberstein (L. B. Fred.)
Bieb. Jl. cauc. S Flora laurico-caucasica, 2 vols. 8vo.
Bieb. Jl. taur. J Charkow, 1808.
Bieb. suppl. ~[ Ibid. Flora taurico-caucasica, 3 vols.
Bieb. Jl. taur. suppl. J seu supplementum. Charkow, 1819.
Bieb. casp. Ibid. Beschreibung der Iscnder z« isclien den Hussen
Terek und Kur. am Caspichen Meere, Svo. Frankfort, 1800.
Bieb. cent.
Bieb. cent. pi. rar.
Bieb. pi. rar. ross.
Bieb. pi. ross. cent,
10
Ibid. Centuria plantarum rariorum Ros-
sise meridionalis, 1 vol. fol. Charkow,
1810.
Bieb. in ann. bot. IbiJ. See Ann. bot.
Bigel. Jl. bost. \ Begelow (James). Florula Bostoniensis, 1 vol.
Big. Jl. bost. / Svo. Boston, 1814.
Bigel. med. bot. "I Ibid. American medical bota-
Bigel. or Big. amer. med. bot. J ny, 4to. Boston, 1817.
Billb. in svensk. bot. Billberg (John George). See Svensk, bot.
Billb. in Jlora. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Billb. p>l. bras. Billberg (Imman). Dissertatio plantarum brasili-
ensium decas, 4to. Upsal, 1817.
Bir. ren. 1 Biria (J. A. J.) Histoire naturelle et medicale des
Bir.ran.j Ranuncules, 4to. Montpelier, 181 1 .
Biv. Bern, sicul. cent. ~| Bivona Bernardi (Anton). Sicularum
Biv. sic. cent. > plantarum, centuria prima, 1 vol. Svo.
Bivoni, cent. sic. J Palermo, 1808.
Biv. stirp. manip. \
Biv. manip. I Ibid. Stirpium rariorum minusque cognita-
Biv. man. ■ rum in Sicilia provenientum descriptione,
Biv. stirp. rar. I manip. 1 — 4, 4to. Palermo, 1S13-1S18.
Biv. mant. sic. >
n, , TBlackwell (Elizabeth). A curious herbal, con-
„, , ■ , , < tainins 500 cuts of the useful plants, 2 vols.
Blackw.herb. "y ^^, London, 1746.
Blom. in act. acad. holm. Blom (Charles Magnus). See Act.
acad. holm.
Blum. cat. hort. buit. Blume (C. L.) Catalogus van de Gewas-
sen in plantetum te Buitenzorg, Svo. Batavia in Java, 1S23.
Blum, bijdr. Ibid. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlanche
Indie, 2 vols. Svo. Batavia in Java, 1825-1826.
Blum. Jl. jav. Ibid. Flora; Java; necnon iusularum adjacen-
tium, 3 vols. fol. Leyden, 1827, and following years.
Blum. enum. pi. jav. Ibid. Enumeratio plantarum Javas et in-
sularum adjacentium minus cognitarum vel novarum. Leyden,
1827.
Blum, in Verhandl. batav. \
Blum, in Verh. or lerhand. J
Blum, in bot. zeit. \
Blum, in Jlora J
Blum, in Linncea. Ibid. See Linnaea.
Blum, in nov. act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Bocc. sic. ~| Boccone (Paolo). Icones et descriptiones ra-
Bocc. icon. rar. > riorum plantarum Sicilia?, Melitee, Gallia, et
Bocc.pl. sic. J Italiae, 1 vol. 4to. London, 1674.
Bocc. mus. Ibid. Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Cor-
sica, Italia, Piedmonte, et Germania, 1 vol. 4to. Venice, 1079.
Bohm. Bohmer (George Rud.) De plantes in cultorum memo-
riam nominatis, Svo. Leipsig, 1799.
R h I r1 fBoerhaave (Hermann). Index plantarum quae in
r, ,"•*?"< horti acad. lueduno-batavo reperiuntur, 1 vol.
Boerh.tnd. ^ ^^^ 1710-1720.
Boiss. fl. eur. De Boissieu (C. V.) Flore d'Europe, 12 fasc.
Svo. Lyons, 1805-1807.
Bonam. nann. ji^od. Bonamy (Franc.) Florae nannetensis
prodromus, 1 vol. 12mo. Nantes, 1785. ■
Bonningh. Bonninghausen (C. M. F.) Prodromus florae mo-
nasteriensis, 1 vol. Svo. Monast. 1824.
Bojer, in Hook. bot. misc. Bojer (M,). See Hook. bot. misc.
Bojcr, mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Bongard. in mem. acad. imp. petersb. Bongard (M.). See
Mem. acad. petersb.
rBonpland (Aime). Descriptions
Bonpl. nav. J des plantes rares cultivees a
Bonpl. jard. malm, et nav. ) Malmaison et a Navarre, 1 vol.
I fol. 1813-1816. Paris.
Ibid. See Verhand. batav.
Ibid. See Bot. Zeit.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
879
Bonpl. rhex.
Bonpl. melast.
' Ibid. Monographic des melastomees et rhexes
et autre plantes de cet ordre, 1 vol. fol.
Paris, 1809. IS -'3.
Bonpl. ges. herol. Ibid. See Sclirift. berol.
Borkh. beschr. Borkhausen (Moriz Balcb.) Beschreibung der
in den Hessen-Darrnstadtschen Landen ini freien wachsenden
Holzarten, 1 vol. 8vo. Frankfort, 1790.
Borkh. tent. Ibid. Tentamen dispositioncs plantarum Germa-
nise semeniferarnm secundum novam methodum a staniinum
situ et proportione, 1 vol. Svo. Darmstadt, 1795.
Borkh. in Rcem. arch. Ibid. See Rocm. archiv.
Bory, isl. fort. Bory de Saint Vincent (John Bapt.) Essai sur
les isles fortunees, et sur I'antique Allantide, 1 vol. 4to. Paris,
1803.
Bory, voy. Ibid. Voyage en Espagne a travers les royaumes de
Galice, Leon, &c., 8vo. Paris.
Bory, iii. ajr. Ibid. Voyage dans les principales isles des mers
d'Afrique, 4to. Paris, 1804.
Bory, ann. sc. phys. \ Ibid. Annales generales des sciences
Bory, ann. gen. J physiques, 8vo. Paris.
Bory, in hcrl. mag. Ibid. See Mart. berl. mag.
Bosc, in act. gall. Bosc (Louis). See Act. par.
Bosc, in berl. mag. Ibid. See Mart. berl. mag.
Bosc, in diet. sc. nat. Ibid. See Diet. sc. nat.
Bosc, journ. hist. nat. Ibid. See Journ. hist. nat.
Bosc, diet, d'agric. Ibid. See Ann. agric. fr.
Bosc, act. sac. hist. nat. par. \ Ibid. See Act. soc. hist. nat.
Bosc, in act. gall. J par.
Bosc. cours d'agric. Ibid. Nouveaux cours complet d'agricul-
ture theorique et pratique, &c., 16 vols. 8vo. Paris. 1821.
Bot. mag. See Curt. bot. mag.
Bot. reg. See Edvv. bot. reg.
Bot. rep. See Andr. bot. rep.
Bot. zcit. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Bouch. Jl. abb. T Boucher (J. A. G.) Extrait de la Flore
Bouch. ft. abbev. \ d'Abbevilie, 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1803.
„ J. r Bradley (Richard). Historia plantarum
ra . sue . j gucculentarum decades quinque, 4to.
Bradl. sine. pi. dec. | y , ,_,^ i-o-r
' L London, 1 / lG-1 ( 27.
Braan, icon. Chin. Braans icones plantarum sponte nascentum
e bibliotlieca Braanniana excerpta, fol. London, 1823.
Braun. f. salz. f A Braune (Franc. Anton.) Salzburgische
Braune, salisb. \ flora, 1 vol. Svo. Salzburg, 1797.
Braun. in bot. zeit. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Bray, in reg. bot. schrift. Bray (Gabriel, comes de). See Reg.
bot. schrift.
Breyn. cent. Breynius (Jacobus). Exoticarum plantarum centu-
ria, 1 vol. fol. Dantzig, 1678.
Breyn. prod. Ibid. Prodromus fasciculi rariornm plantarum in
hortis HoUandiae observatarum, 2 vols. 4to. Dantzig, 1680-
1689.
Breyn. icon. Ibid. Icones rariorum plantarum conjunctim cum
priori a J. Ph. Breyneo, editae, 1739.
Brigant. stirp. rar. in giorn. enctjcl. Briganti stirpium rariorum
in giorn. pis., which see.
Brign. fasc. "1 Brignoli (John). Fasciculus rariorum
Brign. pi. forog. > plantarum foroguliensium, 1 fasc.
Brtgn. Jl. pi. forog. J 4to. Urbino, 1816.
Brign. in bibl. ilal. Ibid. See Bibl. ital.
Brocchi, osserv. sulla abruz. Brocchi (G. B.) Observationes
naturelles faites sur la montagnc de Sila, dans la Calabre in-
terieure, 1824. Extracted from Mem. dell' imperialc regie
instituto del regno. Lombardy. 3 vols. 1816-1817.
Brogn. et Dam. mem.
Broen. et Dum. mem. brun
Brogniart (Adolph.) et Dumas
(M.). Memoire sur la famille
des brunniacees from Ann. sc.
nat. vol. 8, 8vo. 1826.
Brogn. mem. rham. \ Ibid. Dissertationcs des rhamnees,
Brogn. rhatnn. J 4to. Paris.
lirugii. in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Brogn. in diet. sc. nat. Ibid. See Diet. sc. nat.
Brogn. in bull. phil. Ibid. See Bull. phil.
Brogn. ann. sc. Ibid. See Ann. sc.
Brot. Jl. his. Brotero (Felix Avellar). Flora lusitanica, 2 vols.
Svo. Lisbon, 1804.
Brot. phyt. Ibid. Pliytograpliia Lusitaniae selectior, 1 vol. fol.
Lisbon, 1801.
Brot. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Brouss. elench. monsp. Broussonet (P. M. Aug.) Elenchus
plantarum horti monspeliensis, 8vo. Montpelier, 1805.
Brown (Robert). Prodromus flor;c
/?. Br. jJrod. Jl. nov. hull. J Novae-Hollandiae et insulre Van
R. Br. prod.
Diemen, 1 vol.
1810.
Svo. London,
R. Br. Cong.
Brown, Congo.
R. Br. hot. ter. auslr.
R. Br. sen. rem.
t Ibid. Observations, systematical and geogra-
\ phical, on the herbarium collected by Chris-
■^ tian Smith in the vicinity of the Congo, 1
i fasc. 4to., London, 1818, forming an appen-
V. dix to Capt. Tuckey's voyage to Congo.
R. Br. ascl. Ibid. On the Asclepiadese, in the Memoirs of the
wernerian society for 1810. See Mem. wern.
C Ibid. General remarks, geographical
and systematical, on the botany of
Terra-Australis, 1 fasc. 4to. 10
plates in fol., forming an appendix to
V. Capt. Flinders's voyage.
R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. Ibid. See Ait. hort. kew.
R. Br. eomp. Ibid. .Some observations on the natural family of
plants called composiia;, from the 12th vol. of Lin. trans.,
which see.
R. Br. in geogr. soc. trans. Ibid. In the Transactions of the
geographical society of London.
R. Br. desc. 2'1- chin. Ibid. Characters and descriptions of
three new species of plants found in China by Clarke Abel,
forming an appendix to Abel's journey in China, 4to. Lon-
don, 1818.
R. Br. in Ross, voy. Ibid. Botanical appendix to Capt. Ross's
first voyage, 4to. London, 1819.
R. Br. in Richards, append. An Appendix to Richardson's polar
flora. See Richards, in Frankl. journ.
R. Br. in Salt trav. append. | jj^jj Bot^^i^^] Appendix to
R. Br. appena. Salt, abyss. ) g^,^,^ ^^^^.^j^ j^ Abyssinia.
R. Br. in Salt, voy. abyss, app.
R. Br. in Denham and Clapp.
trav. append.
R. Br. append, to Clapp. and '
Berth.
Ibid. Observations on the
structure and aflinities of the
more remarkable plants col-
lected by Walter Oudney,
JLD , RIajor Denham, and
Capt. Clapperton, in the
years 1822, 1823, 1824, dur-
ing their expedition to ex-
plore central Africa, lio.
London, 182G; forming an
appendix to Denham and
Clapperton's travels.
880
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
'Ibid. Chloris melvilleana,
4to. London, 1823 : form-
ing an appendix to Capt.
. Parry's first voyage.
See Mem. wern.
/?. Br. chlor. melv. "^
R. Br. chl. melv. t
R. Br. in Parry s Jtrsl journ. \
append. /
R. Br. in Parry's first, voy. 1
R. Br. app. (0. Capt. Parry s voy. ^
R. Br. in wern. sot: 1
R. Br. mem. wern. sac. > Ibid.
R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. J
R. Br. in D. C. syst. Ibid. See D. C. syst.
R. Br. in Wall. cat. Ibid. See Wall. cat.
R. Br. in Wall. pi. rar. asiat. Ibid. See Wall. pi. rar. asiat.
R. Br. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
R. Br. in Rich. hydr. Ibid. See Rich, liydr.
D f Browne (Patrick). The civil and natural his-
Brorvne,jam. I ^^ j^_^^j^ ^ ^^,_ j.^, London, 1756.
Brown, jam. ^ Second edit. 1789.
Bruce, trav. Bruce (James). Travels to discover the source of
the Nile, 5 vols. 4 to. Edinburgh, 1790.
Briinf. ilies Brunfels (Otho). Theses seu communes loci totius
medicinae, Svo. Strasburg, 1532.
Brunf. hist. J Ibid. Herbarium, 3 vols. fol. Strasburg, 1730-
Brunf. herb. \ 1739.
Bryant, Jl. diet. Bryant (Charles). Flora dicetetica, or history
of esculent plants, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1783.
Buch, uhers. can. Biich (Leopold von). Allgemeine Uebersicht
der Flora aiif den Canarisclien Inseln, 4to. Berlin, 1819.
Buch, in herb. Lamb. Ibid. In the Lambertian herbarium.
Buck, can. Ibid. Physicalische Beschreibung der Canarischen
Inseln, 4to. Berlin, 1825.
Buch. in asiat. res. Buchanan (Francis), afterwards Hamilton.
See Asiat. res.
Buch. hist, univ, Buchoz (J. P.) Histoire universelle du regne
vegetal, 12 vols. fol. et 1200 planches. Paris, 1774-1780.
Buchoz, icon. col. Buchoz (Pierre Jos.) Collection des fleurs,
fol. Paris.
Bull. phil. Bulletin des sciences par la societe philomatique de
Paris, many vols. Svo. 1791-1832.
Bull.fr. fBulliard (M.). Herbier de la France, 600
Bull. herb. \ planches fol. Paris, 1780, and following years.
Bull, par. Ibid. Flora Parisiensis, 5 vols. Svo. Paris, 1776-
1780.
Bunge, enum. pi. chin. Bunge (Alex. a). Enumeratio plantarum
quas in China boreali collegit. In Mem. pres. acad. petersb.,
which see.
Bunge, mon. gen. molucc. ined. Ibid. Monograph of the genus
moluecella. Not published.
Bunge, in mem. acad. sc. petersb. f Ibid. See Mem. pres. acad.
Bunge, in mem, acad. imp. petersb. \ petersb.
Bunge, in Led. Jl. alt. Ibid. See Led. fl. alt.
Bunge, in Led. Jl. ross. alt. ill. Ibid. See Led, fl. ross. alt. ill.
Burch. trav, f Burchell (William John). Travels in the interior
Burch, voy. \ of Southern Africa, 4to. London, 1824-1S25.
Burch. Jl. St. hel, ined. Ibid. Flora of St. Helena. Not pub-
lished.
Burch. cat, •\ Ibid. Manuscript
Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. extra trop. / catalogue of the
Burch, cat, pi, afr. austr. \ plants collected
Burch. cat. geogr, I in southern Afri-
Burch. cat. geogr, afri austr. j ca.
Burgsd. in beob. ges. A Burgsdorff (F. A. L.) See Beob. ges.
nat. freund.
D .a , [ Burmann (John). Thesaurus Zevlanicus, 1
Burm,flzeyl, \ vol. 4to. Amsterdam, 1737.
Durm. thes, J
Burnt, afr. Ibid. Rariorum africanarum plantarum decades X.
4to. Amsterdam, 1738-1739.
Burm. amer. Ibid. See Plum. ed. Burm.
Burm. ger. Burmann (Nicol. Laurent.) De Geraniis Specimen,
1 fasc. 4to. Leyden, 1759.
Burm, Jl. ind. \ Ibid. Flora indica, 1 vol. 4to. Leyden,
Burm. ind. J 1768.
Burm. cap. prod, ^
„ ' ^ ' •^' '^' r Ibid. Prodromus florae capenses, Svo.
tsurm. n. cai), >■ t i
D 1 I Leyden.
Burm. pi. cap, V ■'
Burm. prod, J
Buxb. cent, Buxbaum (John Christ.) Plantarum minus cogiii-
tarum centauriae quinque, 4to. Petersburg, 1728-1740.
c.
CcEsalp. Caesalpinus (Andreas). De plantis libri 16, 1 vol.
4to. Florence, 1583.
Caill. voy. Caillaud (Fred.) Voyage a Merol et au fleuve blanc,
partie botanique, 8vo. 1826, par Rafineau Delile. A part
under the title, Centurie de plantes d'Afrique du voyage a
Meroe, recueillies par Fred. Caillaud, Svo. Paris, 1826.
Caled. hort. mem 1 g^^ j^^^^ ^^]_
Cat. mem. J
Calc. itin. Calceolarius (Franc.) Iter mentis Baldi, 1 fasc. 4to.
Venice, 1671.
Canib. or Cambess, in ann, sc. nat. Cambessedes (J.). See Ann.
sc. nat.
Cambess. in St, Hil, Jl, bras. Ibid. See St. Hil. fl. bras.
Cambess, ]]l, usu bras. Ibid. See St. Hill. pi. usu bras.
„ , II, flbid. Enumeratio plantarum quas
Cambess, enum. pi. tiaiear. ■ • v u i i n -t ■
„ , , , ^ J m msulis baleanbus coUeait in
Lamb. bat. S .i i . i. i r o
,, , , , 1 the 14th vol. of mem. mus. isee
Lambess. talcar. ,,
(^ Mem. mus.
Cambess. in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Cam. icon. Camerarius (Joachim). Icones accuralae plantarum
in horto descriptarum, 4to. Frankfort, 1588.
Cam. hort. J Ibid. Hortus medicus et philosophicus, 4to.
Cam. hort. med, \ Noremberg, 1588.
Cam. epit. J Ibid. De plantis epitome utilissima, 1 vol. 4to.
Camer, tpit. \ Frankfort, 1586.
Camp, cat, Jerr, Campana (Anton.) Calalogus plantarum fer-
rariensis, Svo. 1812.
Campd. rum. Campdera (F.) Monographic de rumex, 4to.
Paris, 1S19.
Carey, in Roxb. fl. ind. Carey (William). See Roxb. fl. ind.
Cam. in Lin. trans. Carmichael (Dugald). See Lin. trans.
Cassini, in journ, phys. Cassini (Henry). See Journ. phys.
Cassini, diet. 1 n • j c ta- .
„ ■ ■ ,■ , > Ibid, bee Diet. sc.
Cassini, in diet. sc. J
Cassini, in diet, class. Ibid. See Diet, class.
Caslign. viagg. Casiiglioni (Louis Comes). Viaggio neglislati
uniti deir America septenlrionale, 2 vols. Svo. Milan, 1790.
Cat. carol. "1 Catesby (Mark). The natural history of Caro-
Cat. car, 1 y^^^^ Florida, &c. 2 vols. fol. London,
Catesb car, C 1741.1743.
Catesb. carol. J
Cav. diss. Cavanilles (Anton. Jos.) Monadelphiae classis dis-
sertationes decern. 10 vols. 4to. Paris, 1785-1790.
Cav. icon. Ibid. Icones et descriptiones plantarum quae aut
sponte in Hispania crescunt, aut in hcrtis liospitantur, 6 vols.
fol. Madrid, 1791-1800.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Cav. pral.
Cav. dcscr.
Cav. /tort. madr. descr.
IbiiL Analcs de ciencias naturales, 18
numbers, 8vo. Madrid, 1800-1803.
Ibid. See I/ag elencli. liort. madr.
'Ibid. Descripcioii dos goneros y
specias de plantas dcmon^trades en
las lecciones publicas, 1 vol. 8vo.
Madrid, 1801-1802.
Cit». anal, cienc. nat.
Cav. anil. sc.
Cav. aim. dcs. scicnc.
Cav. ann.
Cav. eleiich. hort. madr.
Cav. el. hort. madr.
Ccls. pi. Celsius (Magn. Nicol.) De plantis Upsalise, 4to.
Upsal, 1647.
Cerv. anal, cienc. Cervantes (Vincent). See Cav. anal, cienc.
Chabr sciasr fC'iabrey (Dominicus). Onniium stirpium scia-
fhnhy ; «n " ^ g^aphia, 1 vol. fol. Cologna, 1666. Second
' ""• L edition, 1677.
Chau; in Fill, dclph. See Vill. delph.
Cham, in Linncea. Chamisso (Adelbert, a.) See Linnaea.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linncea. Ibid. See Linnsea.
Cham, in hor. phi/s. berol. 1 ., • , o xt i i
/-.( -1 ; ; )■ Ibid. See Nees nor. pnvs.
Cham, tn hor. bcrol J l •>
Chaumet. Jl. mid. Cliauraeton (M.). Flore medicale, 8vo.
Paris, 1814, and following years.
Chav, mon. "I Chavannes (M.)- Monograpliie des antir-
Chav. antirrh. ] rhinees, 4to. Geneva, 1834.
Cheek, edinb. jimrn. Cheek (Henry). Journal of natural and
geographical science, 8vo. Edinburgh, 1829.
C/ienal. in act. hclv De la Chenal (Werner.). See Act. helv.
Chcval. Jl. par. Chevallier. Floi'e generale Jes environs de
Paris, 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1826.
Chois. prod. hyp. Choisy (J. D.). Prodroinus d'une monogra-
phie de la famille des Hypericinees, 4to. Geneva, 1821.
Choisy, in mem. s:.c. phys. gen. Ibid. See Mem. soc. phys. gen.
Chois. in mem. iuc. hist. nat. par. Ibid. See Mem. soc. hist. nat.
par.
Church, et Slev. med. bot. See Steph. and Church, med. hot.
Clairv. man. d'herb. Clairville (M.). Manuel d'herbarie, Svo.
Zurich.
Clarke (F.dvv. Dan.). Travels in various coun-
tries of Europe, Asia, and Africa, 2 vols. 4to.
London, 1806.
Clerk, in Spreng. neue entd. Ibid. See Spreng, neiie entd.
Cleyer, in misc. nat. cur. dec. Cleyer(Andreas). See Nat. cur. dec.
Clus. hist. Clusius or L'Ecluse (Charles de) Rariorum planta-
runi historia, 1 vol. fol. Antwerp, 1601.
CJlus. j)unn. Ibid. Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Pannoniani
observ. iiistoria, 1 vol. 8vo. Antwerp, 1.583.
Clus. cur. post. Ibid. Curae posteriores, opus poslhum. fol. et
4to. Antwerp, 161 1.
Clus. Clot. Ibi-.i. E.xoticarum libri X. 1 vol. fol. Antw-erp,
1605.
Coll. soc. med. hafn. Societatis medicac Havniensis collectanea,
2 vols. Svo. Copenhagen, 1774-1775.
Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 1 Colebrooke (Henry Thomas). See
C'olebr. in Lin. trans. / Lin. trans.
Co/ebr. in asiat. res. Ibid. See Asiat. res.
Colebr. in Roxb. Jl. ind. Ibid. See Roxb. fl. ind.
Colla, hrt. rip. "1 Colla (Aloys.). Hortus Ripulensis,
Coll. hort. rip. I 4to. Turin, 1824, with several
Colla, hort. ripul. f later appendixes, particularly of
Coll. pi. rar. hort. ripul. J plates.
Coll. acad. taur. 1
Colla, in mem. acad. taur. f
Collad. mon. Colladon (Fred.). Histoire naturelle et medicale
des Casses, 1 vol. Wontpelier, 1816.
VOL. IV.
Clarke, trav.
Clark, itin.
Comm. hort.
Comm. hort. amst.
Ibid. See Mem. acad. taur.
881
Culsm. grat. Colsmann (John). Prodromus descriptionis grati-
ola>, 8vo. Copenhagen, 1793.
Cot. phyt. "1 Columna (Kabius). Phytobasanas, 1 vol. 4to.
Column, phyt. / Naples, 1592.
Col. ecphr. "1 Ibid. Minus cognitarum stirpium ecphrasis,
Column, ecphr. j 4to. Rome, 1016.
Comm. hcsp. Commelyn (John). Nederlandze hesperiden das in
otttning de Limaenen, &c. fol. Amsterdam, 1764.
Ibid. Horti medici Am^telodamensis rari-
orum plantarum descriplioet icones, fol.
Amsterdam, 1697-1703.
Comm. prcel. Commelyn (Caspar). Praeludia botanica ad pub-
licas plantarum demonstrationes, 1 vol. 8vo. Leyden, 1703.
Comm rar fl^id. Horti medici Amstelodamensis plantae
Comm'el. rar. \ "j'"/" *^' «''°"^^' ' ''"'• ^^°- leyden.
(_ 1/06.
Comm. acad. sc. pefrop. Commentarii scientiarum academiae im-
perialis petropohtanje, 14 vols. 4to. Petersburg, 1728-1751.
Comm. nov. acad. sc. pelrop. Novi commentarii academiae impe-
rialis petropolitanae, 20 vols. 4to. Petersburg, 1750-1776.
Comm. inst. bonn. De Bononiense scientiarum et artium instituto
commentarii, 7 vols. 4to. Bologna, 1748-1791.
Comm. gotl. Commentarii societatis regiae scientiarum Goettin-
gensis, 4 vols. 4to. Gottingen, 1751-1816.
Comm. acad. sc. pal. Historia et Commentationcs academiae
electoralis scientiarum et eleg. litt. Theodoro-Palatina, 5 vols.
4to. Manheim, 1766-1783.
Comm. norib. Connnercium litterarium Noribergense ad rei me-
dicEB et scientise naturalis incrementum, 4to. Norimberg,
1731-1745.
Comm. or Commers. in Poir. suppl. Commerson (Philibert). .See
Poir. suppl.
Comm. or Commers. in Juss. gen. Ibid. See Juss. gen.
Comm. or Commers. mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Cook. voy. Cook (James). Voyage round the world, 2 vols.
4to. Seqond edition. London, 1777.
Corn. can. Cornuti (Jacob). Canadensium plantarum aliarum-
que nondum editarum historia, 4to. Paris, 1635.
Corr. in Lin. trans. \ Correa de Serra (Joseph.). See Lin.
Corr. in Lin. soc. trans. J trans.
Corr. or Correa, in ann. nius. Ibid. See Ann. mus.
Coult. dips. 1 Coulter (Thomas). Memoire sur les Dip-
Cow//. di2)s. diss. J sacees, 4to. Geneva, 1823.
Crantz, mat. med. Crantz (Henry John)- Materia medica et clii-
rurgica juxta systema natura; digesta, 3 vols. Svo. Vienna,
1762. Second edition, 1765.
Crantz, austr. ~\
Crantz, stirp. austr. I Ibid. Stirpium austriacarum, Svo. and 4to.
Crantz, Jl. austr. f 4 vols. Vienna, 1762-1769.
Crant. austr. J
Crantz, umb. Ibid. Classis umbelliferarum emendata, Svo.
Vienna, 1767-1768.
Crantz, cruc. Ibid. Classis cruciferaruni emendata, Svo. Vi-
enna, 1769.
Cruse, rub. cap. De rubiaceis capensibus prajsertim de genere
anthosperm. Svo. Berlin, 1825.
Cull. mat. med. Cullen (Dr.). Materia medica, 1 vol. Edin-
burg, 1789.
Cull. Jl. ang. Cidlum (Sir Thomas Gery.). Flora anglica spe-
cimen imperfeetum, Svo. London, 1774.
Cunningh., Cunning, or Cung. in Field's New South Wales. Cun-
ningham (.Mian). See Field's New South Wales.
Cunningh. in bot. mag. Ibid. See Curt. bot. mag.
Cunningh. in bot. reg. Ibid. See Edw. bot. reg.
Cup. calh. Cupani (Franc). Hortus catholicus seu principis
calholicse, 1 vol. 4to. Naples, 1696.
'^ 5U
882
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Cup. pamph. Ibid. Pampliytum siciiluni sen historia plaiitarum
Sicilise, 1 vol. fol.
Cup. cat. sic. Ibid. Catalogus plantaium siculaium noviter
delectarum, Svo. Palermo, 1652.
Curt. Jf. lond. Curtis (VVilliatn). Flora Londinensis, 2 vols.
fol. or 70 fasc. London, 1777, and following years. Second
edition by W. J. Hooker, 1815, and following years.
Curt. hot. mag. Ibid. The Botanical magazine. London,
1787. Continued vol. 1 to 12 by W. Curtis; 13 to 53 by
John Sims ; the rest by VV. J. Hooker.
Cusson, in mem. soc. med. par Cusson (Peter). See Mem. soc.
med. par.
Cyr. pi. rar. 1 q ■^^^^ (Dominico). Plantarum rariorum
Cyr. pi. rar. neap. I ^.^ ^^j Neapolitan! specimen, 2 fasc. fol.
Cyr. pi. neap. f Naples, 1788-1792.
Cyr. neap, jasc. J '
Cyr. char. Ibid. De essentialibus nonnullariim plantarum cha-
racteribus commentarius, Svo. Naples, 1784.
Dalech. hist. 1 Dalechamps (Jacob). Historia generalis planta-
Dalech. lugd. j rum, 2 vols. fol. Leyden, 1 586-1587.
Dalm. in act. holm. Dalman. See Act. holm.
Damp. voy. New Holt. Darapier (William). A voyage to New
Holland, &c. 1 vol. Svo. London, 1703.
Danlh. in Lam. diet. Danthoine. see Lam. diet.
David, in phil. trans. David (M.). See Phil, trans.
Davies, Welsh hot. Davies (Hugh). Welsh botanology, Svo.
London, 1813.
Decaisne in ann. sc. nal. Decaisne (M.). See Ann. sc. nat.
D. C. }jl. grass. De Candolle (Auguste Pyramc). Plantarum
historia succulentarum, fasc. 28, in fol. and 4to. Paris, 1791-
1803.
D. C. astrag. "1 Ibid. Astragalogia, 1 vol. 4to. and in fol.
D. C. astr. / Paris, 1802.
ribid. Essai sur les proprietes medicales des
D. C. prop. med. J plantes, comparees avec leur classification
D. Cess. prop. ] naturelle, 1 fasc. 4to. Paris, 1804. Se-
1^ cond edition, Svo. Paris, 1816.
D. C. Jl. Jr. Ibid, et Lamarck (Monet de). Flore fran9aise,
3rd edit. 5 vols. Svo. Paris, 1805-1815.
D. C. suppl. fl. Jr. Ibid. Supplement to the preceding work.
D. C. syn. Jl. Jr. ^ Ibid, et Lamarck (Monet de). Synopsis
13. C. syn. > plantarum in flora galiica descriptaruin,
D. C. syn. Jl,. gall. J 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1 806.
D. C. icon. gal. rar. "1 Ibid. Icones plantarum Galilee rario-
D. C. icon. rar. gall, j rum, 1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1808.
D. C. rapp. pi. rar. "1 Ibid. Rapports sur les voyages bo-
D. C. rap]}. I taniques et agronomiqiies faits dans
D. C. rapp. voy. f les dep. de I'empire fran^ais, 1 vol.
D. C. rapp. jard. hot. J Svo. Paris, 1813.
( Ibid. Catalogus plantarum liorti bo-
D. C. cat. \ tanici Monspeliensis addito obser-
D. C. cat. hart, monsp. J servationum circas novas aut non
D. C. horl. mimsp. I satis cognitas, fasc. 1, Svo. Mont-
(. pelier, 1813.
D. C. pi. rar. ■\
rJ (-', I ' „ f Ibid. Plantes rares du Jardin de
_■■'," ' ? j C Geneve, 2 fasc. fol. Geneva, 1825.
D. C.pl. rar.jard. gen. I ' '
D. C. pi. rar. hort. gen. J
D. C. rec. mem. 1 Ibid. Recueil de meraoires sur la bota-
D. C. coll. mem. J nique, 1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1813.
1
D. C. theor. pi. T Ibid. Theorie elementaire de la botanique,
D. C. theor. elem. J 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1813.
D. C. syst. Ibid. Regni vegetabilis systema naturae, 2 vols.
Svo. 1818-1821.
D. C. prod. Ibid. Prodroraus systematis naturalis, 5 vols. Svo.
1823-1S37.
D. C. diss. bisc. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
■"■ Ibid, Memoires sur la legumineuses, 4to.
Paris, 1825.
Ibid. Revue de la famille des crassulacees,
D. C. leg. mem.
D. C, legitm.
D, C. mem. crass.
4to. 1828.
D. C. mem. port. Ibid. Memoire sur la famille des portula-
cees, 4to. Geneva, 1831.
D. C. mem. par. Ibid. Memoire sur la famille des paronichees,
4to. Geneva, 1830.
D. C. mem. omb. I Ibid. Memoires sur la famille des ombelli-
D. C. mem. umb. ] feres, 4to. Paris, 1829.
D. C. mem. cact. \ Ibid. Revue de la famille des cactees, in
D. C. diss. cact. J 17th vol. of Mem. mus., which see.
D. C. mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
D. C. in ann. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
D. C. in mem. soc. hist. nal. par. Ibid. See Mem. soc. hist.
nat. par.
D. C. in bull. phil. Ibid. See Bull. phil.
D, C. in Collad. mon. Ibid. See Collad. mon.
D. C. mem. soc. genev. "|
D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. gen. >Ibid. See Mem. soc. phys. gen.
D. C. mem. soc. hist. gen. J
D. C. in bibl. univ. Ibid, in Bibliotheque universelle de Geneve.
/ De L'arbre (Antoine) flore d'Aii-
r. p 1 1 verwne, edit. 1st, 1 vol. Svo.
De larb. auo. f f^, ° ' ,-. i ,,nc t. a
n ;. 7 /I < Clermont t errand, 1795 : edit. 2.
De larb. It. auv. or auvern. \ ,-, , „ -n- ^ r^i
J JO ,.r^l jjvo. Kiom et Clermont,
s^ »-^iermoni
■J 2 vol. Sv
' 1800.
Delaun. herb. amat. See Laun. herb. amat.
Deless. icon. sel. Delessert (Benjamin). Icones selectae plan-
tarum in systema universalis descriptarum, 2 vols. fol. Paris,
1820-1822.
Delil. mem. egypt. Delile (Alire Rafineau). Memoires bota-
nique, extraits de la Description de I'Egypt, 1 vol. fol. Paris,
1813.
Del. or Delil. ill.fl. eg. "1 tui t?i .• -u . .•
7) I'l ff 11 I Ibid. Flora segyptiacse illustratio,
.Jl. _
Delil. Jl. cegypt. ill.
Delil. descr.
Del.Jl. egypt. descr.
Delil. descrip. egypt.
fol. Paris, 1813.
Ibid. Description de I'Egypt, on
recueil des observations et des
recherches faites pendant I'expe-
dition de I'armee fran9aise, 4to.
et fol. Paris, 1810.
Deld. in Caill. pi. afr. 1 n • . o /-• -n
rv iw • /-- 11 jj > Ibid, bee CaiU. voy.
Delil. in Caill.Jl. meroe. J ■'
Delile in mem. acad. sc. par. Ibid. See Mem. acad. sc. par.
Deld. in mem. soc. hist. par. Ibid. See Mem. soc. hist. nat.
par.
Demid. enutn. Deniidow (Dimetrius). Enumeratio plantarum
quae in horto. P. A. Demidow, Moscuae vigent. 1 vol. Svo.
Moscow, 1786.
Dcm. elem. bot. Demonstrationes elementaires de botanique
par Latourette et Rozier, 2 editions, 2 vols. 4to. Lyons,
1766 ; edit. 3d. par M. Gilibert, 3 vols. Svo. Lyons, 17S7.
Denegr. clench. Dinegro (J. C). Elenchus plantarum horti bo-
tanici sui, 4to. Genoa, 1802.
DesJ. all. "1 Desfontaines (Rene LouischeV Flora atlantica,
DesJ.Jl. atl. j 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1798-1799.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
883
Desf. tahl.
Desf. Uibl. de I'ico/.
See Linnaea.
' Ibid. Tableau de I'ecole de botaniqiie
dii museum d'histoire natuiclle de
Paris, 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1804.
Desf. cor. Tourn.~\ Ibid. Clioix de plantes du corollaire des
Desf. coroll. > instituts de Tournefort, 1 vol. 4to. Paris,
Desf. choix. J 1 808.
Desf. cor. in arm. mtis. Ibid. The same in Ann. mus. which see.
Desf. arbr. Ibid. Histoire des arbrcs et arbrisseaux qui
peuvent etre ciiitives en pleine terra sur le sol de la France,
i> vols. Svo. Paris, 1809.
ribid. Icones picloe. A series
Desf. in icon. pict. hort. par. J of drawings of plants grown in
Desf. icon. pict. | the jardin des plantes, Paris.
L Not published.
Desf. cat. -\
Desf. cut. hort. par. I Ibid. Catalogus plantarum horti regii
Desf. cat. par. f parisiensis, Svo. Annually.
Desf. Iiorl. par. J
Desf. in ann. mus. Ibid. See Ann. mus.
Desf. in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Desf. in diet. sci. nat. See Diet. sci. nat.
Desr. or Desrouss. in Lam. diet. 1 Dcsrousseaux (M.). See Lam.
Desrous. in diet, encye. / diet.
Desv.journ. hot. Desvaux (N. A.). Journal debotanique, 5 vols.
Svo. Paris, 1808-1814.
Desv. in ann. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
Desv. in ScMechl. Linncea. Ibid. See Linnaea.
Desv. herb, ex Ilainih. prod. \ Ibid. See Hamilt. prod. fl.
Desv. in Ham. prod. J ind. occ.
Desv. obs. legum. in Sclilecht. Linn<xa. \ ^
Desv. obs. leg. in Linncea. J '
Desv. in herb. mus. par. Ibid. In the Herbarium of the mu-
seum of the jardin des plantes, Paris.
Diet. sc. nat. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, Svo. Paris
and Strasbourg, 1816, continued.
Diet, class. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle, par
MM. Audouin, Isid. Bourdon, et Bory de St. Vincent,
18 vols. Svo. Paris, continued.
Dierb. fl. heidel. Dierbach (John Henry). Flora hcidelbur-
gensis, 1 vol. 12mo. Heidelberg, ISl 9.
Dierb. in Linncea. Ibid. See Linnaea.
Dietrich (J. G.). Vollstandiges Lexicon der
Gartnerey und Botanik, 2 vols. Svo.
Weimar, 1802.
Dietr. nachlr. Ibid. Nachtrag zum Westerbuch der Botanik
und Gartnerei, Svo. Berlin.
Dillenius (John James). Catalogus plantarum
sponte circa Geissam nascentium cum appen-
dice, 1 vol. Svo. Frankfort on the Rhine, 1719.
Dill. elth. \ Ibid. Hortus Elthamensis, 2 vols. fol. London,
Dill. hort. ellh.} 1732.
Diosc. mat. med. Dioscorides(Pedacius). Materia medica Ga-
line, 1 vol. fol. Cologna, 1478.
Dodart, mem. Dodart (Denys). Memoires pour servir a I'iiis-
toire des plantes, fol. Paris, 1676.
^ , f Dodonseusor Dodoens (Rambertus). Stirpium
Dodon. pempt. I j^j^^^^j^ pemptades, VI., 1 vol. fol. Ant-
Dod.pempt. I werp, 1583-1616.
Domb. or Dombcij, mss. Dombey (Joseph). His manuscript
names.
Don (D.)fl. nep. \ Don (David). Prodromus florae ne-
Don (D.J prod. fl. nep. J palensis, I vol. Svo. London, 1S25.
Don (D.) in edinb. phil. journ. Ibid. See Edinb. phil. journ.
Don (D.) in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Don (D.) in nern. mem. Ibid. See Wern. mem.
Dietr. gart. lex.
Dietr. lex.
Dill. giss.
Dill, aeiss.
> Dryander (Jonas). See Lin. tr
Don (D.) rar. pi. scut. Ibid. Rare plants of Scotland, ex-
tracted from \Vern. mem., which see.
Don (O.) in Lin. trans. Don (George). Sec Lin. trans.
Don ( G.) in edinb. phil. journ. Ibid. See Edinb. phil. journ.
Don (G.) mon. all. Ibid. Monographiu alliorum, Svo.
Edinburgh, 1827.
Don (G.) in wern. mem. Ibid. See Wern. mem.
Don (G.J in Loud. hort. brit. Ibid. See Loud. hort. brit.
r, , ("Donn (James). Hortus cantabrigiensis, 1 vol.
Donn, cant. I <, o i v.- i ?
r, ; , , < Svo. Several editions by various persons ;
Donn, hort. cant. \ /■ ^ i-.. t i itna '
' L (n-st edit., London, 1796.
Dougl. or Doug, in hort. trans. Douglas (David). See Hort.
trans.
Dougl. in bot. reg. Ibid. See Edw. bot. reg.
Dougl. in bot. mag. Ibid. See Curt. bot. mag.
Dougl. in Hook.fl. bor. amer. Ibid. See Hook. fl. bor. amer.
Dougl. mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Dougl. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Drev. et Hayne, pi. eur. Dreves et Hayne, Choix de plantes
de I'Europe, 4 fasc. Lcipsig, 1802.
Drev. et Ilayn. bild. ^ jj^;^ g^^ j^ ^^_ ^^^j,^, y^^
Drev. et Hayn. abb. sergl. J jo
Dry. in Lin. trans.
Dryand. in Lin. trans.
Dryand. in phil. trans. Ibid. See Phil, trans.
Dryand. in act. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Dryand. in hort. ken. 1 Ibid. See Ait. hort. kew., first
Dryand. in Ail. hort. kew. J edition.
Dub. pom. Dubois (Louis). Du pommier, du poirier, et de
Cormier, 2 parts, 12mo. Paris, 1804.
Duby, bot. gall. Duby (J. E.). Botanicon gallicum, 2 vols. Svo.
P'aris, 1828-1830.
Duby, in D. C. bot. gall. Ibid. See Duby, bot. gall.
Duchesn. mon. frais. Duchesne (Anton. Nicol.). Histoire na-
turelle des fraisiers, 1 vol, Svo. Paris, 1766.
Duch. or Duchesn. in Lam. diet. Ibid. See Lam. diet.
Duch. did. sc. nat. Ibid. See Diet. sc. nat.
Dufour, in ann. sc. nat. Dufour (Leo). See Ann. sc. nat.
Dufour, in ann. sc. pliys.) n ■ i o a i
T^-'r ■ ' '' Mbid. See Ann. gen. sc. phys.
Duf. tn ann. gen. } o i j
_ _ ,. , C Dufresne (Pierre). Histoire naturelle et
JJuJresn. diss. vat. I ,^gdjca]e ^^g j^ fa^iHe j^g valerianees,
Dujr.val. y ^^^ Montpelier, 1811.
Duham. cult. lerr. Duhamel du Monceau (Henry Louis).
Traite de la culture des terres, 6 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1750-
1761.
X Ibid. Traite des arbres et arbustes qui se
\ cultivent en France en pleine terre, 2 vols. 4to.
Duh. arb. J Paris, 1755. There is also a second edition of
Duham. arb.\ this work by Michel, in .'! vols., 4to., 1801-
/ 1816, mentioned under the abbreviated Duh.
' arb. nov. ed. or Duh. ed. nov.
rIbid. Traite des arbres fruitiers, 2 vols-
Duh. monc.fr. J
Duham. arbr. fruit.^
4to. Paris, 1768. 2d edit. 3 vols. Svo.
P.iris, 1782. Edit. 3d. See Poit. et
Turp.
Duham. et Bid. vign~ Ibid, et Bidet. Traite sur la nature et
la cidture de la vigne, 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1759.
r Dumont de Courset. Le Bota-
Dumont, cult. bot. \ niste-cultivateur, 5 vols. Svo.
Du Mont de courset. hot. cult.~\ Paris, 1802. Edit. 2. 6 vols.
Dum. cours. bot. cult. i Paris, 1811. Supplement, or
C vol. 7, Paris, 1 8 14.
Dumort. florul. belg.] Dumortier (B. C). Florula belgica, Svo.
Dumort.fl. belg. j Tournay, 1827.
5 U 2
884
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Dun. mon. "1 Dunal (Mich. Felix.). Monograpliie de la
Dun. mon. anoii > famille des anonacees, 1 vol. 4to. Mont-
Dunal. monogr. J pelier, 1817.
Dun. sol. Ibid. Histoire naturelle medicale et economique
des solanum et des genres qui ont ete confoiidus avec eux,
1 vol. 4to. Montpelier, 1813.
Dun. syn. Ibid. Solaiiorum generumque affinium synopsis,
8vo. Montpelier, 1816.
Dun. or Dunal. ined. Ibid. His unpublished manuscript.
Durand. jl. bourg. Durande (M.). Flore de Bourgogne,
2 vols. 8vo. Dijon, 1782.
Du Rol, obs. Du Roi (John Phil.) Diss, inaug. observationes
botanicas sistens, 4to. Helmstadt, 1771.
Du Roi, harb/c. Ibid. Die Harbkersche vvilde Baumzucht,
2 vols. 8vo. Brunswick, 1771, 1772.
Du Tlieis. gloss, hot. See Theis. gloss.
Duvnl. phijt. Duval (William). Phytologia, sive philosophia
plantarum, 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1647.
Duv. in mem. mus. Duval (Felix). See Mem. mus.
Duv. in Hoppe tachenb. Duval (Jeunet). See Hoppe tachenb.
Duval, pi. sec. Ibid. His dried specimens of plants.
E.
Eaton, man. hot. Eaton (Amos). Manual of botany for North
America, 12mo. Albany, 1822.
Edinb. j)hil. journ. Jameson's Edinburgh philosophical journal.
Many vols. 8vo. Published quarterly.
Edw. bat. reg. Edwards (Sydenham). The botanical regis-
ter, edited by Bellanden Ker, John Lindley, and others.
Many vols. 8vo. London, 1815, continued in monthly
numbers.
Ehrenb. naturg. reise. Ehrenberg (Christ. Gothofr.) et Hem-
pich. Naturgeschichtliche Reisen durch Nord Africa, &c. 4to.
Berlin, 1828.
Ehrenb. in hor. phys. berol. Ibid. See Nees. hor. berol.
Ehrenb. in verhand. ges. nat.freund. Ibid. See verhand. ges.
nat. freund.
Ehrenb. in nov. act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Ehrenb. in LinncBa. Ibid. See Linnsea.
Ehrenberg. or Ehrenb. in Schlechl. Linncea. Ibid. See Linnaea.
Ehret. pict. \ Ehret (George Dion.). Plantse et papiliones
Ehret. pi. rar.) rariores, 1 vol. fol. London, 1748-1759.
ci ;'; •/ I Ehrhart (Fred.). Beitrage sur naturkunde, 7 vols.
Jilirli. beitr. > „ ri i r? l i.^n^
n 1. v, I 8vo. Hanover and Osnaburji, 1787.
Ehr. belt. J "'
Ehrh. fhyt. Ibid. Phytophylacium Ehrartianum continens
plantas, &c., 10 decades, fol. Hanover, 1780.
Ehrh. in gott. gel. anz. Ibid. See Gott. gel. anz.
Ehrh. pi. exsic. Ibid. His dried specimens of plants.
Ehrh. jthil. trans. Ibid. See Phil, trans.
Elliott, sketch. \
Elliott, carol. § „„. /c ^ \ . < . .. ■ .
FAliotl car \ '^'"°" (Stephan). A sketch of the botany
ru U^i^l, /' of South Carolina and Georgia, 2 vols. 8vo.
Em^tTcar. V Charlestown, 1816-1818.
Elliott, bot. car. J
Ell. in journ. sc. nat. phil.) ,,.,<-. t , ■ .,
Ell. journ. acad. sc. plul.^^"^- ^^^ J°"''"- '»'=^'^- Pl^'^-
Ell. act. sac. phil. Ibid. See Trans, amer. phil.
Ellis, dion. Ellis (John). Botanical description of DionEea
muscipula, 4to. London, 1770.
Ellis in phil. trans. Ibid. See Phil, trans.
Elm. mong. ) Elmiger (Joseph). Histoire naturelle et medicale
Elm. dig. j des digitales, 4to. Montpelier, 1812.
E7idl. gen. pi. Endlicher (Stephan). Genera plantarum secun-
dum ordines naturales dispositae, 4to. Vienna, 1837, pub-
lishing in numbers.
Endl. or Endlicher, prod.jl. ins. norf. Ibid. Prodromus flora?
norfolkicce, 1 vol. 8vo. Vienna, 1833.
Endress, voy. pyr. Endress (M.). Voyage botanique dans les
Pyrenees, 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1830.
Eschscholtz, in mem. acad. scienc. petersb. Eschscholtz (J. Fr.).
See Mem. acad. sc. petersb.
Eschscholtz, pi. calif. Ibid. Plantse californicae, in Mem.
acad. sc. Petersb., which see.
Etl. salv. Etlinger (Andr. Ernest). Commentatio Botanico-
medica de Salvia, 4to. Erlang, 1777.
Evel. sylv. Evelyn (John). Sylva ; or, a discourse on forest
trees, 1 vol. London, 1664. Six different editions.
F.
Fabr. Jielmst. Fabricius (Phil. Conr.). Enumeratio metliodica
plantarum horti medici Helrastadiensis, 1 vol. 8vo. Helm-
stadt, 1759, ed. 2d. 1763, ed. 3d. 1776.
Folk. ilin. \Falck (John Peter). Travels in Georg. Bemerk.,
Falck, ilin.) which see.
Ferr. hesp. Ferrari (John Baptist). Hesperides sive de malorum
aureorum cultura et usu, fol. Rome, 1646.
F It ■ fFex'llee (Louis). Journal des observations phy-
p 11 1 ' J siques, mathematiques, et botaniques, faits dans
c ■;/ 7-;" I I'Amerique nieridionale, &'c., 3 vols. 4to.
/•euill. chil. D • ,4, < IT,,;
L Pans, 1714-1725.
Field, Nerv South Wales. Field (Baron). Geographical memoir
of New South Wales, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1825.
Fing. in Schlecht. Linncea. Fingeruth (M.). See Linnasa.
r-" i" ,' I- Fischer (N. E. L.). Catalogue duiardin
risch. cat. gorcnki. { , , , i /-. i -^ ^ •'■,,,
P- , , .° ,. > des plantes de uorenki pres Mos-
risch. hart, gorenki. ( *, ,, ,„„„
r- 1 ■ ,*/. , cou, I2mo. 1808.
riscri. m cat. nort. gor.J
Fisch. adumb. gen. aden. Ibid. Adumbrationes generis ade-
nophorae, 4to. Moscow.
Fisch. in litt. Ibid., in letters.
Fisch. et Meyer ind. seni. horl. petersb. Ibid, et Meyer (C. A.).
Inde.x seminum quae in hortus botanicus imperialis petropo-
litanus, &c , 1st 1834, 2d 1835, 3d 1836, 4th 1837.
Fl. dan. Flora Danica seu icones plantarum sponte nascen-
tium in regnis Danise et Norvegite, Sec, 8 vols. fol. Copen-
hagen, vols. 1, 2, and 3 by G. C. Oeder, 1761-1770 ; vols.
4 and 5 by O. F. Midler, 1771-1782 ; vols. 6 and 7 by M.
Vahl, 1787-1805; vol. 8 by J. W. Hornemann, 1806-1816.
p, ., rOikonomischtechnische flora de Wetteran by G.
n s, \ Gartner, B. Mayer, and J. Sherbius. Frankfort,
Fl.n'etter.-Y g.o. 1799-1802.
Flac. mad. De Flacourt (Etienne). Histoire de la Grand He de
Madagascar, 1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1661.
Fleming, in asiat. res. Fleming (John). See Asiat. res.
Fleming, in journ. bot. Ibid. See Journ. bot.
Fliigg. Fliigge (John). Graminum monographiae, 8vo. Ham-
b\irg, 1810.
Forsk. cegypt. ..
Forsk.Jl. cegypt. . i
Forsk. Jl. arab. {. Forskaol (Petrus). Flora aegyptiaco-
Forsk. /I. cpg. arab. ^ arabica, 1 vol. 4to. Copenhagen, 1 775.
Forsk. cat. arab. \
Ibid. Icones rerum naturalium, edited
by C. Niebuhr, 4to. Copenhagen,
1775-1776, and in fol. 1776.
Forsk. cat. pi. const.
Forsk, icon.
Forsk. ill.Jl. cegypt.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
885
Ibid. Floriilse insulariim a>istraliiiii
Forsl-. desctipl. "j Ibid. See Forsk. fl. seirypt. Descrip-
Forsk. descr. > tiones planlarum floraj acgyptico-ara-
Forsk. cegijpt. ilesc. } bicae. Copenhagen, I 775.
Foist, voy. Forster (George). A voyage round tlie world
with Captain Cook, 2 vols. 4to. London, 1777.
Forst.Jl. ins. aust. \
Forst. Jl. aust. / ,
Fo) St. prod. y , „ Ti 1- ,-.,„
1? , J Jl , I prodromus, Svo. lier in, 1^86.
I'orst. prod. Jl. auslr. V ' ' > > "
Forst.Jl. austr. /
Forst. pi. esc. Ibid. De plantis csculentis insularum oceani
australis conimentalio, Svo. Berlin, 178f>.
n , f Forster (.lolin Rein, and George). Charac-
rorst. sen. , ° ' . . .
Forst. nov sen. < 'eres generum plantarum qiias ni itniere
v ,' , ' ° ' \ ad insnlas maris australis, &c., 1 vol. ibl.
torst. char. sen. t . ,..,;-
'^ L London, 1 1(5,
Forst. in act. soc. scett. It,-, o <-.
f . ■ ",, ibid, bee Lomm. gcctt.
I'orst. in comm. gcett. ) °
Forst. in act. nov. ups. Ibid. See Nov. act. acad. ups.
Forst. in act holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Forst. icon. ined. in herb. Bank. Ibid. Unpublished drawings
of plants in the Banksian Herbarium.
Forst. in Lin. soc. trans. Forster (Thomas Furley). See Lin.
trans.
Forsyth, treat. Forsyth (William). Observations on the dis-
eases in trees, with an account of a particular method of
cure, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1791.
Fras. cat. Eraser (John). Catalogus plantarum in America
Boreali inventarum, Svo. 1813.
Fres. Jl. cegy}it. et arah. Fresenius (George). Beitrage zur
Flora von ^Egypten und Arabien, Svo.
Frescn. syll. pi. soc. ralish. Ibid. .See Syll. pi. soc. bot. ratisb.
Freyc. cat. Freyceynet (Casimir). Catalogue raisonne des
arbres et arbrisseaux, &c., Svo. Valence.
Fries, Jl. suec. 1 Fries (Elias). Novitise florae suecicae, Svo.
Fries, nov. Jl. suec. J Lund. 1814. 2d edit. Lund. 1828.
Frcel. gent. Froelich (Jos. Aloys.). De gentiana libellus, 1 vol.
Svo. Erlang, 1796.
Froel. in lilt. Ibid. In manuscript or letters.
„ . ,. r Fuchs (Leonhard). De historia stirpicnn com-
uc IS, lis . I nnentarii insignes, 1 vol. fol. Basil, 1542-
Fuchs, stirp.^ 15 t5. Several editions.
G.
Gcert.Ji. wetter. See Fl. wetter.
Gcertn.fr. "I Gartner (Joseph), De fructibus et seminibus
Gcerln. fruct. / Plantarum, 2 vols. 4to. Leipsig, 1788-1791.
Gcertn. in nov. comm. petrop. Il)id. See Comm. nov. acad.
petrop.
Gcertn. Jil. carp. Gartner (Charl. Fred.). Supplementum car-
pologiae, 1 vol. 4to. Leipsig, 1S05. Commonly called
vol. 3 of his father's work, Gaertn. fruct., which see.
Gaillaud,Jl. meroe. See Caill. fl. meroe.
^"{i- . lOallesio (George). Traite du citrus, 1 vol. Svo.
Oall. Citron. > r, luii
„ , I I'aris, Ihl 1.
ual. J
Galliz. hot. agr. Gallizioli (Fillipo). Elementi botanico-agrari,
4 vols. Svo. Florence, 1809-1812.
Garcin, in phil. trans. Garcin (Laurent). See Phil, trans.
Garcin, in Burm. ind. Ibid. See Burm. ind.
Gard. et Hope, in act. edinb. Drs. Gardener and Hope. See
Trans, roy. soc. edinb.
_ ., . fGaridel (Pierre Joseph)- Histoire des plantes
Garid. aix. I ■ „aj,,p„t ^,,^ environs d'Ai.x, 2 vols. fol.
Gartd. prov.-y Aix la Chapelle, 1715.
Gat.pl.mont. JGaterau (M.). Description des plantes
Cater. Jl. montaub. ) '!"' "oissent antour I'environs de Mon-
•^ L tauban, 1 vol. Svo. Montauban, 1789.
Gaud. agr. helv. Gaudin (J). Agrostologia helvetica, 2 vols.
Svo. Geneva and Paris.
Gaud. Jl. helv. 1 Ibid. Flora helvetica, 1vol. Svo. Zurich,
Gaiidin,Jl. helv. j 182S.
Gaiidin, syn. sax. in Meisn. anz. Ibid. Set' Meisn. anz.
Guild, in Freyc. voy. fGitiidichaud (MM.). Voyagcau-
Gaud. in Freyc. voy. pt. but. J tour du monde du capitaine de
Gaud. voy. uranec. ] Freyceynet, partie botanique,
Gaud. voy. (_ 4to. Paris, 18.i0. Planches, fol.
Gaud, in aim. sc. not. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
/. ■ ; •" '' I Gay (John). Monographie des lasionetalees,
Gay, lasiop V y^^_ ^' jg = I 1
Gay, mon. lasiop. J '
Gay, bultn. 1 Ibid. Fraginent d'une monographie des butnera-
Gay, diss. J cees, 4to. Paris, 1823.
Gay, in ami. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
Geners. clench. T --, • i t^i i a i
r, , . I Oenersich blenchus florae schepurien-
Geners. schept. > ., ,. , ^ , .',-,,o
--, , ^, 1,1 sis, 1 vol. Svo. Lautschovise, i i98.
Geners. clench, schept. J
Geoff, mat. med. Geoffroy (Et. Fr.). Tractatus de materia
medica, 3 vols. Svo. Paris, 1741, and 2 vols. 4to. Venice,
1742.
Georg. bemerk. Georgi (J. G.). Bemerkungen auf einer Reise
durch Russland, 2 vols. 4to. Petersburg, 1775.
Georg. beschr. Ibid. Geographische, &c. Bescliriibung des
russenchen reichs band, 1-7. Konigsbcrg, 1797-1801.
Gerard, herb. 1 Gerard (John). The Herbal, or general history
Ger. herb. J of plants, 1 vol. fol. London, 1797.
Ger. emac. Ibid. An edition of the preceding work by
Johnson.
Ger. gallopr. Gerard (Louis). Flora galloprovincialis, 1 vol.
Svo. Paris, 1709.
Gesn. hist. Gesner (Conrad). Historia plantarum et vires,
1 vol. 12mo. Basil, 1541.
Gessn. phyt. "1 Gessner (J.). Tabulae phytographicse cnni
Gessn. tab. phyt. > comment. C. S. Schint. 9. fasc. fol.
Ges, icon. pict. J Zurich, 1795-1803.
Gesn. op. Ibid. Opera botanica ex Bibl. C. J. Trew, edited
by C. C. Schmiedej, 2 vols, fol. Norimberg, 1751-1771.
Gieg. mag. Von Gieger (M.). Magazin fiir pharmacie, 1829,
continued.
Giesel. mon. crot. Gieseler(Edw. Ferd.). Croton monographia,
Svo. Halle, 1807.
Gilib. chl. grodn. Gilibert (John Eman.). Chloris Grodnensis,
2 vols. Svo. Grodna, 1781-1782.
Gilib. eur. Ibid. Linnaei systema plantarum I^uropae, 2 vols.
Svo. Leyden, 1785.
rlbid. Histoire des plantes d'Eiirope ; ou
Gilib. elem. J elemens de botanique pratique, 2 vols.
Gilib. hist. pi. eur. | Svo. Lyons, 1798; edit. 2d, 3 vols.
[_ Svo. Lyons, ISOG.
Gilib. Jl. lith. \ Ibid. Flora lithuanica inchoata, 2 vols.
Gilib. pi. Lilhuan. i Svo. Grodna, 1781-1782.
Gilib. demonslr. bot. Ibid. See Dem. elem. bot.
Gilib. herb, grodn. Ibid. A Herbarium collected by him about
Grodna.
Gill. mss. Gillies (John). Manuscript names.
Gill el Hook. bot. misc. Ibid. See Hook. bot. misc.
Ging. in D. C. prod. De Gingius. See D. C. prod.
Ging. mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Ging. in Linncea. Ibid. See Linn.-ea.
Gins. hist. lav. in Linncea. Ibid. See Linnaea.
88(j
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Giorn.p'/s. Giornale Pisana. Many vols. Svo. Pisa, ISOl,
and following years.
Gled. cat. zeit. Gleditsch (John Gottl.). Catalogusplantarum in
horto D. de Zeiten, 1 vol. Svo. Leipsig, 1737.
Gled. syst. Ibid. Systema plantarum a staminum situ, I vol.
8vo. Berlin, 1764.
Gled. in act. soc. cur. berol. 1 o in i i i
y-,, J ■ ^ I r 7 f See Mem. acad. berol.
Oled. in act. acad. berol. J
Glox. obs. \ Gloxin (Benj. Petr.). Observationes botanicae,
Glox. obs. bot. J 4to. Strasburg, 1787.
Gmel. tub. 1 Gmelin (John Fred.). Enumeratio stirpium agri
Gmel. tubing. / tubingensis, 1 vol. Svo. Tubingen, 1772.
Gmel. syst. \ Ibid. Linnsei systema vegetabilium, 13th
Gmel. syst. nat. I edition. Gottingen, 1791.
Gmel.fi. bad. \ Gmelin (Charl. Christ.). Flora Badensis alsatica,
Gmel bad. j 3 vols. Svo. Carlsridi, 1805-1 SOS.
Gmel. cat. carlr. Ibid. Catalogus plantarum horti Carlru-
hanus.
Gmel. fi. sib. \GmeY\n (John George). Flora sibirica, 4 vols.
Gmel. sib. J 4to. 1747-1769.
Gmel. reise. \ Ibid. Reise durch Siberien, Svo. Gottingen,
Gmel. it in. j 1751-1753.
Gmel. bot. med. Gmelin (Phil. Fred.). Botanica ad medici-
nam applicata, 4to. Tubingen, 1775.
Gmel. in act. pelrop. 1 Gmelin (Sam. Gottl.). See
Gmel. nov. comm. acad. petrop). J Nov. comm. petrop.
,-,..,.' i ■ I Gottingische elehrte anzeigen, Svo. Gottin-
Golt. sel. am. > n 1 1- i i in
Giitt.an.eig. J S""" P"W.shed periodically.
Gochn. cich. Gochnat (Fred. Charl.). Tentamen de plantis
cichoraceis, 1 vol. 4to. Strasburg, ISOS.
Goldb. croc. Goldbach (Charles Louis). Dissertatio croci his-
toriam sistens, Svo. Moscovc, 1SI6.
Goldb. mem. soc. mosc. "1 Ibid. See Mem. soc. hist.
Goldb. in mem. soc. hist. nal. mosc. J nat. mosc.
Gold. pi. canad. in edinb. phil. journ. 1 Goldie (John). See
Goldie, in edinb. phil. journ. j Edinb. phil. journ.
Gomex, in act. soc. Olyssip.
Gomez, in act. acad. Olyssip.
Gomez, in mem. acad. des. .fci. lisb
Gooden. in Lin. trans. Goodenough (Samuel). See Lin. trans
Gorter (David De). Flora ingrica ex schedis
Steph. Krascheninikow, 1 vol. Svo. Peters-
burg, 1761.
Gort.fi. belg. Ibid. Flora belgica, Svo. 1767.
Gouan, hart. monsp.~\ -^ /a » n ti . -mi
p ^ 1 tjrouan (Anton.). Hortus reguis Mon-
Gomez (Bertt. Anton.).
See Mem. acad. lisb.
Gort. fl. ingr.
Gorter, ingr.
Gouan, monsp. /■ i- • , i „ t t ,-^r.
^ If I speliensis, 1 vol. Svo. Leyden, 1<62
Gouan, fi. monsp. Ibid. Flora monspeliaca, 1 vol. Svo.
Leyden, 1765.
Gouan, ill. Ibid. Illustrationes et observationes botanicae,
1 vol. Zurich, 1773.
Gouan, herb. Ibid. Herborisations des environs de Mont-
pelier, 1 vol. Svo. Montpelier, 1796.
Gouan, mat. med. Ibid. Traite de botanique et de matiere
medicale. 1 vol. Svo. Montpelier, 1804.
Graham, in edinb. journ. Graham (Robert). See Edinb. phil.
journ.
Graham, in bot. mag. Ibid. See Curt. bot. mag.
Gray, brit. arrang.l Gray (Samuel Frederick). A natural
Gray, brit.fi. > arrangement of British plants, 2 vols.
Gray, nat. arrang. j Svo. London, 1821.
Grssl. vir. lus. Grisley (Gabr.). Viridarium lusitanicum,
1 vol. Svo. Lisbon, 1661.
{Gronovius (J. Fred.). Flora virginica ex-
hibens plantas quas J. Clayton in Virginia
coUegit, 1 vol. Svo. Leyden, 1743, edit. 2,
1762.
Guild, itin. 1 Giiildenstadt (John Anton.). Reisen durch
Giiildenst. reis. > Russland undim CaucasischenGebirge, 1vol.
Giiildst. trav. J 4to. Petersburg, 1787-1791.
Guimp.\bbild. \ ^"™P^' (^-^ , Abbrldung der fremden in
Guinlp. abb. holzart. T Deutschland aus dauernden Hutgarten,
r< . It I 1 o-'C., 4to. lierlm.
Guimp. abb. Iiolz. J
Gunn, norv. ~\ „ /tit7 at-'i ■ ^ ^
P I Gunner (John Eman.). Hora norvegica, 2 vols.
uun. norv. > Copenhagen, 1766-1772.
Gunn.fi. norv. J ^ °
Gunlh. herb. sil. Gunther (Christ.). Herbarium vivum plantas
silesiacas exhibens, cent. 1-9. Breslau, 1S09.
Gunth. cnum. Ibid. Enumeratio stirpium phanerogamorum
qucE in Silesia sponte proveniunt, 1 vol. Svo. Breslau, 1S24.
Guss. pi. rar. Gussone (John). Plantse rariores, 1 vol. 4to.
Naples, 1826.
^ I '/I I Ibid. Florae siculae prodromus, 2 vols.
Guss. prodfi. s>c. ^ g^^_ j^ ,^ 1S27-1S28.
Guss. prod. J ^
Guss. ind. sem. hort. pan. Ibid. A Catalogue of seeds col-
lected in the botanic garden at Palermo.
H.
Hacq. pi. alp. cam. "1 Hacquet (Balth.), Plantarum alpinae Car-
Hacq. cam. j niolicse, 4to. Vienna, 1782.
Hacq. in act. soc. hist. nat. berol. Ibid. See Hist. acad. sc.
berol.
Habliz. taur. Hablizt (Car. Louis.). Description physique de
laTauride, Svo. La Haye, 1788.
Hcenke, beob. Haenke (Tliadaeus). Beobachtungen auf Reisen
nach dem Riesen-gebirge, &c., 1 vol. 4to. Dresden, 1791.
Hcenke, in ./acq. coll. Ibid. See Jacq. coll.
Hcenke, abhandl. boehm. ges. Ibid. See Abhand. Bohm.
Hcenke, adumbr. plant. Ibid. Adumbrationes plantarum.
Hall, pedic. 1 Haller (Albert). De pedicularibus, 4to. Gottin-
Hall.ped. j gen, 1737.
Hall. helv. Ibid. Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetiae,
3 vols. fol. Bern, 1769.
Hall. all. Ibid. Allii generis naturale constitutum, 4to.
Gottingen, 1745.
Hall, opusc. Ibid. Opuscula botanica recens retractata et
aucta, 1 vol. Svo. Gottingen, 1749.
Hall. enum. helv. Ibid. Enumeratio raethodica stirpium Hel-
vetiae indigenarum, 2 vols. fol. Gottingen, 1742.
Hall. bibl. hot. Ibid. Bibliotheca botanica, 2 vols. 4to.
Zurich, 1772.
Hall, in comm. gcetl. Ibid. See Comm. gott.
Hall.fil. in Roem. arch. Haller (Albert ab.). Prioris filius.
See Roem. arch.
Ham. or Hamilt. in Lin. trans. Hamilton (Francis). See Lin.
trans.
Ham. or Hamilt. herb. Ibid. His Herbarium.
Ham. or Hamilt. in Wall. cat. Ibid. See Wall. cat.
Ham. or Hamilt. in D. Don, prod.fi. nep. Ibid. See D. Don,
prod. fl. nep.
Ham. in asint. res. Ibid. See Asiat. res.
Hamilt. in edinb. journ. scienc. Ibid. See Edinb. phil. journ.
( Hamilton (William). Pro-
Ham. or Hamilt. prod. J dromus plantarum Indiae
Ham. or Hamilt. prod. fi. ind. ace's Occidentalis, 1 vol.l2mo.
I London, 1825.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
887
Ibid. Saxifrageaium enumeratio, 1 vol.
8vo. London, 1821.
llamill. {Arlh.) mon. Hamilton (Artluii). Esquisse d'une
-Monograpliie du genre Scuttcllaria, tHvo. Lyons, 1S32.
Handl. phys. salsk. Physiogiaphiska salskapets handlinger,
8vo. Stockholm, 1776.
Handl. svensk. acad. Kongl. svenska vetenskaps academiens
handlinger, 4 vols. Svo. Stockholm, 1739, continued.
Hiiidn'. hi asint. res. Hardvvick (Thomas). See Asiat. res.
Harlig, inslr. Harlig (G. L.). Instruction s-ur la culture du
bois a I'usage des forestiers, traduite par J. J. Baudrillarl,
2d edit. 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1805.
Hartm. handb. Hartmann (C. J.). Handbok uti scandinavicns
flora, 1 vol. Svo. Stockholm, 1820.
Hasselq. 1 Hasselquist (Fr.). Voyages and travels in
Hasselq.voy. lev. J the Levant, 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1766.
Haw. mesembr. Haworth (Adrian Hardy). Observations on
the genus mesembryanthemum, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1794'.
Haw. vti.sc. \ Ibi<l. Miscellanea naturalia, 1 vol. Svo.
Haw. misc. nat. J London, 1803.
Haw. suae. pi. syn.~\
Huw.pl. succ. I Ibid. .Synopsis plantarum succulentarum,
Haw.syn. f 1 vol. Svo. London, 1SI2.
Haw. syn. succ. J
Haw. suppl. "1 Ibid. Supplementum plantarum succu-
Harv. suppl. pi. succ. j lentaruni, Svo. I-ondon, 1819.
Haw. rev. succ.} lh'\(i. Revisionis plantarum succulentarum,
Haw. rev. / 1 vol. Svo. London, 1819.
Ha7v. narc. Ibid. Narcissinearum monographia, 1 fasc. Svo.
London, 1831.
Haw enum. sax.
Haw. sax.
Haw. revis sax.
Haw. in phil. mag. Ibid. See Phil. mag.
Hatv. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
fHavne (Fred. Gottl.) et Willdenow (Carl.
Hayn.lerm.bot. \ Ludov.). Termini botanici iconibus illus-
Hayn. term. | ^^^^^^ 10 f^^^ 4^^ Berlin, 1799.
Hayn. el Drcv. f.l. eur. \ Ibid, et Dreves. Choi.K des plantes
Ha'y/ie, pi. eitr. J d'Europe, 4 fasc. Leipsig, 1S02,
Hayn. in ust. ann. Ibid. See Ust. ann.
Hayne, in Sclilecht. Linncea. Ibid. See Linnaea.
Hayn. abbild. zergl. Ibid. Getreue Abbildungen und Zergliede-
rungen deutscher Gewachse, 4to. Berlin, 1798.
Hayn. darst. T Ibid. Getreue Darstellung und Beschrei-
Hayn. getr. darsl. > bung der unter arzlich gebrauchlichen
Hayn. arz. gcw. J Gewachse, 4to. Berlin, 1805-1S2G.
Hedw. gen. pi. Hedwig (Rom. Adolpli.). Genera plantarum,
1 vol. Svo. Leipsig, 1806.
Heg. Jl. helv. Hegetschvveiler (John). Helvctiens Flora. Zu-
nch, 1822.
Hellen. in Ust. ann. Hellenius (Carol. Nicol.). See Ust. ann.
Hellen. in act. acad. Mm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Hell. Jl. wirceb. Heller (D. F. X), Supplementum rtorac Wir-
ceburgenses, 1 vol. Svo. Wirceburg, 1815.
Helm, in mem. soc. mosc. 1 Helm (A. Z.). See Mem. soc.
Jlelm. in act. mosc. J mosc.
Helw. puis. Helwing (J. A.). Flora Campana seu Pulsatilla,
4to. Leipsig.
Henckel. adumb. Henckel a Donnersmark (Leo Comes).
Adumbrationes plantarum in horto Halensi, 4to. Halle, 1805.
Henck. enum. pi. region. Ibid. Enumeratio plantarum circa
Regiomontum crescentium, Svo. Kegiomont, 1817.
Herb'! append, bot. mag. Herbert (Hon. William). A Bota-
nical arrangement of bulbous roots, forming an appendix
to Curt. bot. mag., which see.
Herb, in bot. mag. Ibid. See Curt. bot. mag.
Herb, in bol. reg. Ibid. Sec Edw. bot. reg.
Herb, amarill. Ibid. Amarillidece, 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1837.
Herb. amat. See Laun. herb, araat.
Hergl. in Hopp. tachcnb. Hergt (Fred.). See Hoppe, tas-
schenb., which see.
Herm. beytr. Hermann (Benj. Fr.). Beytrage zur Physik
rekonomie, 3 vols. Svo. Berlin and Stettin, 1786-1788.
Herm. hort. lugd. "] Hermann (Paul). Catalogus horti Lug-
Herm. lugd. > duno-Batava; Flores, 1 vol. Svo. Ley-
Herm. lugd. hat. J den, 1690.
Herm. par. 1 Ibid. Paradisi batavi prodromus, 12mo. Am-
Herm. prod. \ sterdam, 1689.
,, , flbid. Musajum zeylanicum, seu catalogus
Herm. mus. zci/l. I , , r» , -^ , • „ t i
„ / S plantarum Zeylanse, 1 vol. Svo. Leyden,
Herm.zeyl. y 1714, edit. 2d, 1726.
Herm. mus. ind. Ibid. Musaei indici catalogus, 1 vol. Svo.
Leyden, 1711 .
Heijn. in Iloxb. Jl. ind. Heyne (Benjamin). See Roxb. fl. ind.
Heyne, in Wall. cat. Ibid. See Wall. cat.
Heyn. in Roth nov. spec. Ibid., see Roth, nov. spec.
Heyne, herb. Ibid. His Herbarium.
Hill, hort. kew. Hill (Sir John). Hortus Kcvvensis, 1 vol. Svo.
London, 1769.
Hill, exot. bol. Ibid. Exotic botany illustrated, 1 vol. fo).
London, 1772.
Hill, veg. syst. Ibid. The vegetable system, 26 vols. fol.
London, 1773-1775.
Hils. et Boj. mss. Hilsenberg and Bojer, manuscript names.
Hist. acad. sc. berol. Histoire de I'academie royale des
sciences et belles lettres de Berlin, 4to. Berlin, from 1746
to 1769.
HnJJin. sal. Hoffmann (George Franc). Historia salicum ico-
nibus illustrata, 2 vols. fol. Leipsig, 1785.
,^ „, flbid. Deutschlands flora; ou flore dc
Hopn. germ. I pAllemagne, 4 vols. 12mo. Erlang,
Hoffm.Jl. germ. ~|^ 1791. i804.
Hoffm. horl. goll. Ibid. Programma hortus gottingensis, fol.
Erlang, 1792.
Hoffm. gen. umb.\\h'\<\. Plantarum umbelliferarum genera,
Hoffm. umb. J 1 vol. Svo. Moscow, 1814, edit. 2d, 1816.
Hi
Hoffm. phyt. 1 Ibid. Phytographische blatter, Svo.
J Gottingen.
Hoffm. horl. mosc. Ibid. Hortus mosquensis, Svo. Moscow.
Hoffm. in comm. goll. Ibid. See Comm. giitt.
Hoffm. in mem. soc. hist. nal. mosc. Ibid. See Mem. mosc.
■ Hoff mannsegg etLink. Flore portu-
fasc. fol. Rostoch and
1806 and following years.
Hoffm. verz. T Ibid. VerzeichnissderPflanzen in den Graff.
Hoffm. verz. pjl. > Hoffmannseggischcn Garten in Dresden
Hoffmans. verz. J und Ramniehan. Dresden, 1824.
Hook. Jl. land. Hooker (William Jackson). Continuation of
Curtis's flora Londinensis, fol. London, 1816, and following
years.
Hok. ammi. Hokert. Dissertatio de ammi, 4to. Abo, 1810.
Hook.exol.Jl. Ibid. Exotic flora, 3 vols. Svo. Edinburgh,
1823-1826.
Hook.Jl. scot. Ibid. Flora scotica, 1 vol. Svo. London, 183i),
Hook, bot.jnurti. Ibid. Botanical journal, 1 vol. Svo. London.
Hook.brit.Jl. Ibid. British flora, 2 vols. Svo. London.
Hook. >n cdinb. j'hil. journ. Ibid. See Edinb. phd. journ.
'offm. umb. prod. \ Ibid. Syllabus umbelliferarum officina-
'offm. syll. J liura, 1 vol. Svo. Moscow, 1814.
'offm. phyl.
Hoffm. phyl. blall.
t,,,jl„.. ... ,,.^.... ->-... "
TT „. T- t n . fHoffmannsegg
Hoffmans. el Link.Jl. port. I ■ ^ ^ %
Hoffm. el Link,Jl. port. | |g^,j„_ jgyj
888
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Hook. comp. Ibid. Companion to Curtis's botanical magazine,
3 vols. 8vo. London, 1835, continued.
Hook. fl. bor. amer. Ibid. Flora borcali-americana, 1 vol.
4to. London, 1829, continued.
Hook. hot. misc. Ibid. Botanical miscellany, 3 vols. 8vo.
London, 1830.
Hook, et Grev. icon.fil. Ibid, et Greville (R. K.), Icones fili-
cum, fol. London, 1827 and following years.
Hook, et Arnolt, in hot. misc. 1 Ibid, et Arnott (G. W.). See
Hook, et Am. in hot. misc. J Hook. bot. misc.
,, , . . I, , f Ibid. Botanical Appen-
Hook, et Arnott, tn Beech, voy. I ^^j^ ^^ ^ Beechey's
Hook et Arn.m Beech, voy. pt. bot. < ^ |^^_ London,
Hook, in Beech, voy. 1834-1836
Hook. pom. lond. Hooker (William). Pomona londinensis,
8 fasc. London, 1813.
Hoppe, anleit. Hoppe (Dav. Henr.) Anleitung Graser und
grasartige Graser, 4to. Niirnberg.
Hoppe, acad. harl. Ibid. See Verhand-liaarl.
Hopk.fi. glolt. Hopkirk (Tliomas). Flora glottiana, 1 vol. 8vo.
Glasgow, 1813.
rr "'',..' , I Botaniscbes Tasclienbucb auf das Jalir,
Hoppe, bo. tasch. '> g^^ Ratisbon, 1790-1807.
Hoppe, jalir. J
Hoppe, in bot. zeit. Ibid. See Bot. zeit.
Hoppe, in Sturm, deutschl.fl. Ibid. See Sturm, deutschl. fl.
Hoppe, cent, exsic. Ibid. Century of dried specimens of
plants.
Hoppe, in phil. trans. Ibid. See Phil, trans.
Hoppe, adhandl. Hoppe (Tobias Conr.). Abhandlungen von
der Begattung der Pflanzen, Svo. Altenburg, 1773.
Horn. fl. dan. Hornenian (James Wilken). See Fl. dan.
Horn. hort. hafn. Ibid. Hortus regius botanicus bafniensis,
2 vols. Svo. Copenhagen, 1813-1815.
Ibid. Horti rcgii botanici baf-
niensis supplementum, 12mo. Co-
penhagen, 1819.
Horn. cat. Iiorl. hafn. Ibid. Catalogus plantarum in horto
bafniensis.
Hort. eric. mob. Hortus ericeus woburnensis, 1 vol. 4to.
London, 1824.
Hort. trans. Transactions of the horticultural society of
London. Seven volumes, from 1812 to 1830 ; second
series from 1835, continued.
Horl.flor. Passseus (Crispinus) hortus floridus, fol. Arheim,
1614.
Hort. angl. Hortus anglicus, 1 vol. fol. London.
Hort. reg. Horticultural register, Svo. London, by Paxton.
Host (Nic. Thom.). Synopsis plantarum
in Austria sponte crescentium. I vol.
Svo. Vienna, 1797.
Host, gram, austr. Ibid. Icones et descriptiones graminum
auslriacarum, 4 vols. fol. 1801-1814.
Host. fl. austr. Ibid. Flora austriaca, 2 vols. Svo. Vienna,
1827-1830.
Houston, in phil trans. Houston (William). See Phil, trans.
rHouttuyn (Mart.). Des Ritters von
Houtt. Lin. pfl. syst. \ Linne Pflanzen-System nach der An-
Houtt. pflanz. syst. < leitung des Huttuynscben Werke,
Houtt. syst. / 14 vols. Svo. Nurnberg, 1777-
Horn. hort. hafn. siippl.
Horn, suppl.
Host, syn.
Host, syn. fl. austr.
< ieituni>
J 14 vol
V. 1788.
Huds. angl. Hudson (William). Flora anglica, 1 vol. Svo.
London, 1762; edit. 2d. 2 vols. 1778.
Humb. geogr. pi. Von Humboldt (Alexander Fr. Henry).
Essai sur la geographie des plantes, &c., 1 vol. 4to. Paris,
1807.
Humh. tabl. nat. ~1 lu- 1 t i i j i . ^ i
,, , . I, I Ibid, lableaux de la nature, 2 vols.
Jiumb. taljl. )■ , r. n • i o«o
,j , . , , • I 12mo. Pans, 1808.
Jiumb. tabl. reg. cquin. j
rr 1 , T> II ■ flbid. et Bonpland (Aim6). Plantes
Huntb. ct Donpl. pi. equin. J ■ i r. i r i r. ■
,, , „ , ^ / ^ < equmoxiales, 2 vols. lol. Pans,
H. el B. pi. a-qmn. ^ 1808-1816.
Humb. et Bonpl. mel. Ibid. Melastomees, 1 vol. fol. Paris,
1809-1816.
Humb. ct Bonpl. in Willd. spec. Ibid. See Willd. spec.
Humb. et Bonjol. in JVdld. herb. Ibid. See Willd. herb.
{Ibid, et Kunth (Sigismund),
Nova plantarum genera et
species, &c., 7 vols. 4io.
Paris, 1815-1825.
H. B. et Kunth, mim. Ibid. Mimosees et autres legumineuses,
1 vol. fol. Paris, 1819.
Humb. in berl. mag. Humboldt (Alex. Von). See Berl. mag.
Humb. relaz. voy. Ibid. Personal narrative of travels, 7 vols.
Svo. Paris.
Hunt, or Hunter, in Lin. trans. Hunter (William). See Lin.
trans.
Hunt, in asial. res. Ibid. See Asiat. res.
J.
Jack, mal. misc. Jack (William). Malayan miscellany, Svo.
Jack, in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Jack, in Roxh.fl. ind. Ibid. See Roxb. fl. ind.
Jacks, in Lin. trans. Jackson (George). See Lin. trans.
Jacq. enum. Von Jacquin (Nicol. Joseph). Enumeratio planta-
rum quas in insulis Caribaeeis detexit et Mygindi, 1 vol. Svo.
Leyden, 1766; 2d edition, Nurnberg, 176.?.
Jacq. amer. Ibid. Stirpium americanaram historia, 1 vol. fol.
1763.
Jacq. amer. pict. Ibid. The same, with coloured plates.
Jacq. amer. sel. Ibi;l. Selectarium stirpium americanarum
historia, 1 vol. 8vo. Manheim, 1788.
Jacq. obs. 1 Ibid. Observationes botanicae, 4 vols. fol.
Jacq. obs. bot. J Vienna, 1764-1771.
Jacq. vind. 1 Ibid. Hortus botanicus vindobonensis, 3 vols.
Jacq. hort. vind. j fol. Vienna, 1770-1776.
Jacq. enum. vind. Ibid. Enumeratio stirpium quae sponte
crescunt in agro vindobonensi, 1 vol. Svo. Vienna, 1761.
Jacq. au'.tr. | Ibid. Florae austriacas icones, 5 vols. fol. Vienna,
Jacq. fl. austr. j 1773-1778.
Jacq. misc. Ibid. Miscellanea austriaca ad botanicam, &c.
spectantia, 2 vols. 4to. Vienna, 1778-1781.
Jacq. icon. rar. 1 Ibid. Icones plantarum rariorum, 3 vols. fol.
Jacq. icon. J Vienna, 1781-1793.
Jacq. coll. Ibid. Collectanea ad botanicam, &c., spectantia,
5 vols. 4to. Vienna, 1786-1790, sive supplementum, 1796.
Jacq. o.xal. "1 Ibid. Oxalis monographia iconibus illustrata,
Jacq. ox. J I vol. Svo. Vienna, 1792.
7 , , f Ibid. Plantarum i-ariorum horti Cae-
Jacq. schoenbr. I oil • ^ i <■ i
T , ^ 7 1 <; sarei bcboenbrunnensis, 4 vols. fol.
Jacq. hort. schcenbr. \ ,t. ,.70- ^onA
^ (_ Vienna, 179/-1S04.
Jacq. fragm. Ibid. Fragmenta botanica, 1 vol. fol. 1800-
1809.
Jacq. stop. Ibid. Stapelice cultse, 3 vols. fol. Vienna, 1806-
1815.
Jacq.fil. eclog. \ Von Jacquin (Jos. Franc). Eclogaj botanicae,
Jacq.fil.ecl. ] 1 vol. fol. 1811-1816.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
889
Imp. hiil. nat.
Imp. ist. nat.
■lacq. syn. slap. Ibid. Synopsis stapeliarum, 1 vol. 8vo.
Vienna, 181(i.
Jacq. in act. helv. Ibid. See Act. belv.
Jacquem. mss. Jacquemont (Victor). Manuscript names.
{St. Hilaire (Jaume). Exposition des
families naturelles et de la germi-
nation des plantes, 2 vols. 4to. Paris,
1S0.5.
Jaum. St. Hil. jd.fr. ~| ,,i ni . ^ \ r , i o
I I ^ •' llbul. I lantcs de lal'rance, 4 vols. 8vo.
faum. pi.fr. J ^ ^^^ ""'^ following years.
.laum. in Duham. cd. nov. Ibid. See Dull. ed. nov.
'Imperati (Ferrand). Historia naturalis, libri 29,
1 vol. fol. Naples, 1599. There are se-
veral editions of this work.
Jones, in asiat. res. Jones (Sir William). See Asiat. res.
Journ. hot. See Desv. juurn.
Journ. hist. nat. Journal d'histoire naturelle, par MM. La-
marck, Bruguieres, Olivier, Haiiy, et Pelleticr, 2 vols. 4to.
Paris, 1792.
Journ. phys. Journal de physique ; ou, observations sur la
physique, la chimie, et I'histoire naturelle, 8vo. Paris, 1773-
1778, par Rozier ; 1778-1785, par Hozier et Mongez ; 1786-
1792, par Rozier, Mongez, et Lametherie, 1792-1816, par
Lametherie.
Journ. acad. phil. Journal of the academy of natural sciences of
Philadelphia, 8vo. 1817, continued.
Isert, guin. Isert (Paul Erdm.). Reise nach Guinea, 1 vol. Svo.
Copenhagen, 1790.
Isert, in herl. natur. Ibid. See Berl. mag.
Isnard in act par. 1 j^^^^^ ^ .j,_ j^ ^ g^^ j^^,^^
Isnard, hist, de I academic par. > ,^r. ' j ^
,,■,,, ^ I acad. oc. par. or Inst. par.
Isnard, in act. gall. J r i
Jung. ind. hort. hal. Junghans (Phil. Casp.). Index plantarum,
horti Halensis. Halle, 1771.
Jiingh. or Junghams, icon. rar. Ibid. Icones plantarum ad
vitam impressse, fol. Halle, 1787.
Juss. gen. De Jussieu (Antoine Laurent). Genera plantarum,
1vol. Svo. Paris, 1788; edit. Usteri, 1vol. Svo. Turici,
1791.
Juss. ann. mus. 1 i, • , o a _
, > Ibid, bee Ann. mus.
Juss. ann. J
Juss. tJi did. sc. nat. Ibid. See Diet. sc. nat.
■luss. mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Juss (Adr. ) euph. De Jussieu (Adrien). De euphorbiacearum
generibus tentamen, 4to. Paris, 1824.
Juss. (Adr.) rut. Ibid. Memoire sur le groupe des Rutacees,
in the 12th vol. of Mem. mus., which see.
Juss. fAdr.) mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Juss. (Adr.) in mem. sac. hist. nat. par. Ibid. See Mem. soc.
nat. hist. par.
Juss. (Adr.), in ann. des scienc. ~|
Juss. (Adr.), in ann. sc. nat. >Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
Juss. (Adr.), in ann. sc. J
Juss. (Adr.), in ann. mus. Ibid. See Ann. mus.
Juss. (Adr.), in diet, class. Ibid. See Diet, class.
Just. gard. Justice (James). The British gardener's directory,
1 vol. Edinburg, 1764.
Ives in sill, journ. Ives (Eli). See Sill, journ.
K.
Kcempf. amcen. exot. "1 Kaempfer (Engelbert). Amccnitates Exo-
Kcempf. amcen. / ticac, 5 fasc. 1 vol. 4to. Lenigo, 1712.
Kcempf. icon. sel. ed Banks. Ibid. See Banks, icon. Kaempf.
VOL. IV.
Kamnf. jap. Ibid. Geschichte und Beschreibung von Japan,
4to. 2 band. Lcmgo, 1777-1779.
Kalm, res. amcr. "1 Kalm (Peter). Rcsa til norra America, 3 vols.
Kalm, itin. / Svo. Stockholm, 1753-1761.
Kaulf.fit. Kaulfuss (George Fred.). Enumeratio filicum, 1 vol.
Svo. Leipsig, 1824.
Kaulf. in hot. zeit. Ibid. See Bot. zcit.
Keith, syst. phys. Keith (Patrick). A system of physiological
botany, 2 vols. Svo. London, 1810.
Kcr, rev. Ker (John Bellendcn). Recensio plantarum hucusque
in repositoria boianicorum depictarum, 4to. London, 1801.
Ker, bot. reg. Ibid. See Edw. bot. reg.
Kcr, in ann. hot. See Ann. bot.
Ker, strel. Ibid. Coloured figures of the genus Strelitsia, fol.
London.
Kern. haum. Kerner (John Sim.). Beschreibung der Biiume
welclie in Wurtcmberg wild wachsen, 4 heft. 4to. Stutlgard,
1783-1786.
Kern, stuttg. Ibid. Flora stuttgardiensis, 1 vol. Svo. Stuttgard,
1786.
Kern. semp. Ibid. Hortus sempervirens, 9 vols. fol. Stuttgard,
1795-1803.
i^ ■ , fibid. Genera plantarum iconibus illustrata,
hern. icon. sel. I ^ ■ . • „ t- i ,n^., \
K rn e 11 ^ '^ '" ^' '" "" Erlang, 1803, and
' ° ' ' [_ following years.
Kielm. dec. rar. pi. tub. Kielmeyer (Charles Fred.). Dissertatio
sistens decadem rariorum plantarum horti tubingensis, 1 vol.
4to. Tubingin, 1814.
Klein, in Willd. spec. Klein (James Henry). See Willd. spec.
Klein, mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Knight, treat, cult. Knight (Thomas Andrew). A treatise on
the culture of the apple and pear, &c. 1 vol. Svo. London,
1797.
Knight, pom. heref. Ibid. Pomona herefordiensis, 1 vol. 4to.
London, 1814.
Knight, pirot. Knight (Joseph). Horticultural essays on the
natural order of Proteaccae, 1 vol. 4to. London, 1809.
,- . , r Kniphoff (John Hier.) Botanicac in originali
I- ■',."■ < sen herbarium vivum centuriae, 12 vols.
Knip. bot. ong. ^ ^^,_ Halle, 1757-1754.
Knar. del. Knorr (George Wolfgang). Deliciac naturae selectac,
oder auserleschne, &'C. 2 vols. fol. Nurnberg, 1766-1767.
Knor. thes. Ibid. Thesaurus rei herbaria; hortensisque univer-
salis, 2 vols. fol. Nurnberg, 1770-1772.
Koch, bot. handb. Koch (John Franc.) Botanisches Handbucli
fiir deutsche Liebhaber, &c. 2 vols. Svo. Magdeburg, 1797-
1798.
rKoch (Joseph). Gencrum tri-
Koch, umh. disp. \ buumque plantarum umbellifc-
Koch, umb. in nov. act. bonn. | rarum nova di.spositio. See
(_ Nov, act. bonn. 12th vol.
Koch, in bot. zeit. Ibid. See Bot. zeit.
A'ocA, deutschl Jl. Ibid. See Mcrt. et Koch, dcutschl fl.
Koch, sal. eur. Koch (J. D. S.). De salicibus europeis commen-
tatio, Svo. Erlang, 1829.
A'ocA et Ziz, cat. pi. pal. Ibid et Zizii. (J. P.) Catalogus plan-
tarum quas in ditione florae palatinatus legerunt phanerogamia.
Mentz, 1814.
Koch, in lilt. Ibid. In letters or manuscripts.
A'ocA, Jl. allem. Ibid. See Mert. et Koch, fl. germ.
Keel. gram. Kocler (George Louis). Descriptio graminum in
Gallia et Germania spontc nasccntium, I vol. Svo. Frankfort,
1802.
5 X
890
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Koell. (icon. Koelle (John Lud. Christ.), Spicilegium observa-
tionum de aconito, 8vo. Erlanjj, 1788.
Kcelr. naschr. Kceh-euter (Joseph Gottl.). Vorlaufige Nachricht
von einigen der Geschlechte der Pflanzen, 3 vols. 8vo. Leip-
sig, 17C3-1766.
Keen, (inn, hot. Koenig (Charles). See Ann. hot.
Kops.Jl.bat. Kops (Jan.). Flora Batava afbeelding en beschry-
ving, &c., 3 fasc. 4to. Amsterdam, 1802-1810.
KrapJ't. pom. austr. Krapft (John). Pomona Austriaca, 4to.
Vienna. Many plates.
Krock. sil. \ Krocker (Ant. John). Flora selesiaca reno-
Kroch. Jl. sites. J vata, 2 vols. 8vo. Breslaii, 1787.
Kunth. fl. berol. Kunth (Charl. Sigism.). Flora berolinensis, 1
vol. 12mo. Phsenogamia. Berlin, 1814.
IT ^, ■ ribid. Mimoses et autres plantes legumineuses
i^ ., . < du nouveau comment, tol. Fans, 1819, and
Aiinih, mimos I /. n •
|_ lollowmg years.
Kunth, syn. amer. Ibid. Synopsis plantarum sequinoxialium
orbis novi, 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1822-1825.
Kunth, in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Kimth, nov. gen. amer. Ibid. See H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer.
Kunth, ann. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. so. nat.
Kunth, gen. lereh. Ibid. Genera terebintacearum in Ann. sc.
nat. which see.
Kunth. malv. \ Ibid. Dissertatio malvacearum in Ann. sc.
Kunth. diss. mah. J nat. which see.
L.
Lah. icon, pi, syr. dec. "^
Lah. or Lahill. syr. dec. / Labillardiere(Jacq. Jul.). Iconesplan-
Lahill. dec. rar. ^ tarum Syrise rariorum decades 5,
Lahill. dec. I 4to. Paris, 1791-1812.
Lahill. syr. J
Lahill. toy. Ibid. Relation du voyage a la recherche de La
Peyrouse, 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1798 ; et in 8vo. avee 1 atlas
in fol.
Lah. spec. nov. holl. "1 Ibid. Novae Hollandias plantarum speci-
Lahill. 710V. holl. J men, 2 vols. fol. Paris, 1804-1806.
Lahill. oust. cal. "j
Lab. sert. caled. I Ibid. Sertum austro-caledonicum, 2 vols.
Lab. nov. cal. T fol. Paris, 1824-1825.
Lah. sert. cal. J
Lachen, in act. helv. La Chenal (W. de). See Act. helv.
Lahr. et Heg. icon. helv. Sammlung von Schweizer-Pflanzen
nach der Natur und auf Stein gezeichnet von J. D. Labram.
Text, J. Hegetschweiler, 8vo. Zurich.
Lajit. ging. Lafitau (Jos. Franc.) Memoire concernant la plante
du Ginseng decouverte en Canada, 12mo. Paris, 1718.
Las amen pi f Lagasca (Mariano). Amendades naturales
Lag.am.nal.'esp. \ desks Espa~os, 4to. Orihuela, 1 fasc.
Lag.cat.hort.madr. f^''','^- Catalogus plantarum qua; in
Lag. cat. madr. \ nono regio madritensis colebantur,
L 8vo. anno 1815, et 8vo. anno 1810.
Lag. elench.hort. madr. [Elenchus plantarum qua in horto
Las elench \ botanico matritensi colebantur, 4to.
*■ ■ I, Madrid, 1806.
Lag, nov, spec, ~1 n • i o
Lag. gen. et spec. ^''"'- Genera et species plantarum quoe
Lag. nov. gen. et spec. ( ''"^ "°^* ^""' aut nondum recte cog-
Lag. gen.et spec. pi. J "°^<=""tu>-. 4to, Madrid, 1816.
Lag. gen. et spec, nov. diag. Ibid. Generum specierumque
plantarum novarum aut minus cognitarum diagnosis, Svo.
Madrid, 1821.
Lag, varied.
Lag. varied, esp.
Lag. obs. apar.
Lag. apar.
Ibid. Variedades naturales de las Espanos,
Svo. Madrid, 1821.
I Ibid. Observationes sobre las plantas apara-
soladas (umbelliferac), Svo. London,
182G. Or, Dissertationes sobre la familia
natural de las plantas aparasoladas, Svo,
J Madrid, 1821.
Lag. Jl. hisp. ined. Ibid. Flora hispanica. Not published.
Lag. in ann. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
I^am. fl.fr. Monet de la Marck (Jean Baptist). Flore fran^aise.
3 vols. Svo. Paris, 1778. Second edition, 1793. Third
edition. See Lam. et D. C. fl. fr.
J ,. r Ibid. Encyclopedic methodique, botanique, 4 vols.
Lamenccl{ '*'°- Par's, 1783-1796 ; the rest by Poiret.
" " (_ See Poir. diet, and Poir. suppl.
Lam. ill. \ Ibid. Illustrationes des genres. 900 planches
Lam. illustr. / et 2 vols, texte, 1791, and following years.
Lam. et D. C. fl.fr. Ibid. See D. C. fl. fr.
Lam. journ. hist. nat. 1 Ibid. Journal d'histoire naturelle, 2
Lam. journ. J vols. Svo. Paris, 1792.
T 1. ■ 1 r Lambert (Avlmer Bourke). Description of the
Lamb, cinch. I ^. •', , , '. , y i i -tot
J , < genus cinchona, 1 vol. 4to. London, 17v7.
l_ Second edition, London, 1S21.
Lamb. pin. Ibid. Description of the genus pinus, first edition,
1 vol. fol. London, 1803 ; second edition, 2 vols. fol. London,
1829 ; third edition, 3 vols. fol. London, 1837.
Langl. pom. Langley (Batty). Pomona, or the fruit garden
illustrated, fol. London, 1729.
Langsd. mss. A Langsdorf (George). Russian consul in Brazil.
His manuscript names.
La Llave et Lexarz. nov. veg. mex. La Llave (PauUi), et Lexarza
(John). Descriptiones novarum vegetabilium, 2 fasc. 8vo.
Mexico, 1824-1825.
'Picot de la Peyrouse (Philippe).
Figures de la flore des Pyre-
nees, 2 fasc. fol. Paris, 1795-
1801.
Ibid. Histoire abregee des plantes
des Pyrenees, 1 vol. Svo. Tou-
louse, 1813.
Supplement a I'histoire abregee
Toulouse, 1818.
Lapeyr. jiyr
Lapeyr. or Lap. fl. pyr. fig.
Lap. pi. des. pyr.
Lapeyr. hist. pt. pyr.
Lap. or Lapeyr. abreg.
Lap. or Lapey r. oLr. pyr.
Lap. or Lapeyr. suppl. Ibid.
des plantes des Pyrenees, 1 vol. Svo.
Lapeyr. piir. sax. "1 n • i ht i • -r
T „ . J] I Ibid. Monograpnia saxifragearum cu-
Lapei r. ft. pi/r. sax. > . °r ■ t. , "
L lu sax I JUS partem lacit. loulouse.
Lapeyr. mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Lajeyr. act. toul. Ibid. See Mem. acad. toul.
Laroch, diss. De La Roche (Daniel). Specimen botanicum inau-
gurale sislens descriptiones plantarum aliquot novarum, 4to.
Paris, 1 776.
I^aroch, eryng. De La Roche (Franc). Eryngiorum nee non
generis novi Alepidasa historia, 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1808.
Laun. aim. Mordant de Launay. Almanach du bon jardinier,
1 vol. 12mo. Paris, from 1804 annually.
Laun. herb. amat. Ibid. Herbier de I'amateur, 1 vol. fol. Paris,
1804-1S15.
Lawr. pass. Lawrence (Miss). Six numbers of coloured pas-
sion flowers, fol. London.
Lawr. ros. Ibid. Collection of roses from nature, fol. London,
1799.
Lams. voy. car. Lavvson (John). Voyage to Carolina, 1 vol.
4to. London, 1709.
Laxm. sih. Laxmann (Eric). Siberische Briefe, Svo. Gottingen
und Gotha, 1769.
Laxm. in comm. nov. petrop. 1 Ibid. See Comm. nov. acad pe-
Laxm, in nov. comm. pelro}). J trop.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Laxm. in Pall. nord. beytr. Ibid. See Pall. nonl. beytr.
Leandr, nov. gen. "1 Le.indro do Sacramento (P.). See
Leandr, in act. acad. mon. j Act. acad. men.
Lebrct. man. Le Breton. Manuel de botaniqiie, 1 vol. Svo.
Paris, 1787.
Leconte, cat. ]]l. New York. Le Conte (John). A catalogue of
the plants growing wild in the state of New York.
Lecont. in ann. lye. In-, c. a i
T r'^ i ■ I \T T ; > Ibid, bee Ann. Ivc.
Le toiile, in ann. lye. New 1 nrk. } ^
Led. Jl. all. "I A Ledebour (Cliarl. Fred.). Flora altaica,
Ledcb. Jl.alt. > 4 vols. Svo, Berlin, 1829-1833, assisted
Led. Jl. ross. all. J by C. A. Meyer, and Alex, a Binige.
Led.Jl. ross. all. ill. Ibid. Icones plantarum novarum vel imper-
fecte cognitariim floram rossicam imprimis altaicam illustran-
tes, 5 vols. tol. Riga, 1829-1834.
^ Ibid. Catalogue of the plants
Led. sem. horl. dorp. i cultivated in the royal bo-
Led. horl. dorp. 1 tanic garden at Dorpat.
iiinum
Jorpatense
collectarum
Led. in Steud. nam. Ibid. See Steud. nom.
Led. in act. nov. soc. petrop. ~1 ti • i c a i
I , . , J , I Ibid, bee Act. nov. acad.
Led. m act. nov. acad. sc. petrop. >
Ledeh. in act. petrop. J 1 P-
Ledeb. de pi. in mem. acad. des. 1 n • i c ht j
' , 1 Ibid, bee Mem. acad.
scicnc. pelerso. > ,
Led. or Ledeb. in mem. acad. jietersh. J "
Le Dm voy. Le Dru (Andre Pierre). Voyage aux isles deTene-
riffe. La Trinite, Sainte Croix, et Porto Ricco, 2 vols. Svo.
Paris, 1810.
Liers, Jl. /ier6. "I Liers (John Dan."). Flora herbornensis, 1 vol.
Leers, herb. | Svo. Cologna, 1789.
Lehmann (John George Christ.). Plantfe e
asperifoliarum nuciferae, 2 vols. 4to.
Led. or Ledeb. cat. horl. dorp. "Sibid. Index seniii
Led. ind. sem. hart, dorp, I Iiorto botanico dc
V rnllprfnriim.
r , T Lehmann (Jc
Lelnn. asp. I c ■\-
r , ' > lamilia asp
Lelm. asper. j p^^,;^^ jg',
nicot. \ Ibi
nic. J 1
Ham-
Lehm. nicot. \ Ibid. Generis nicotiarum historia, 4to.
Lehm. nic. j burg, 1818.
Lehm. pot. Ibid. Monographia generis potentillarum, 4to.
Leipsig, 1820.
Lehm. prim. Ibid. Monographia generis primularum, 1 vol.
4to. Leipsig, 1817.
Lehm. pi. rar. horl. hamb. \ Ibid. Icones plantarum rariorum,
Lehm. icon. rar. J 4 fasc. fol. Hamburg, 1820.
Lehm. sem. horl. hamb. Ibid. Seniina in horto botanico hambur-
gensi coUccta ab anno 1820 and 1837.
Leiim. pug. Ibid. Plantarum novarum minus cognitarum stir-
pium pugillis 3, 4to. Hamburg, 1828-1834.
Lehm. in neu. schrijt. gessel. bcrol. Ibid. See Neue schrift.
ges. nat. freund. berol.
Lehm. in mag. berol. ges. nat. Jreund. Ibid. See Schrift. berol.
Lehm. in nov. act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Lehm. in act. nat. scrut. hal. "1 Ibid. See Abhandl. nat. ges.
Lehm. in act. soc. hal. J hall, &c.
Lehm. in bert. mag. Ibid, See Abhand. nat. ger. berol.
„ „ fLeieune (A. L. S.). Flore des envi-
Lej. or Lejeun.f Spa. I '^^^^ ^^ g o ^,^,3 g^,^ Leige,
Lejeune, rev. Jl. Spa. | 1811-1813.
r L'Heritier de Brutelle (Cliarl. Louis). Stirpes
Lher. slirp. I ^^^,^ ^^^^ minus cognita, C fasc. fol. Paris,
Lher. sttrp. nov.^ 1784-1785.
L'her. ger. or geran. Ibid. Geraniologia sive Erodii, itc. histo-
ria, 1 vol. fol. Paris, \7t'
turn anglicum seu planta^ rariores,
fol. Paris, 1788.
ria, 1 vol. loi. raris, i/oo.
L'her. sen. 1 jbid. Sertum
L her. sert.angl. V ^^ j ^.^,_
L her. angl. J
891
L'her. diss. Ibid. Dissertationcs nempe Loiiicliea, Buchozia,
Michauxia, Ilymenop.ippus, Virgjiia, fol. Paris.
L'her. cum. Ibid. Cornus scu specimen botanicum, &c. 1 vol.
fol. Paris, 1788.
L'her. cadia. Ibid. Cadia nouveau genre de plantes, Svo. Paris.
L'her. cakil. \ Ibid. Cakile generaque airinia diss. fol.
L'her. cak. diss, j Paris.
L'her. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Lepech. in nov. comm. acad. ])etrop. Lepechin (Iwan). See
Comm. nov. acad. petrop.
Lepech. in nov. acad. petrop. Ibid. See Comm nov. acad. petrop.
Lcpr. et I'err. mss. MM. Lepreur et Perottet. Their manu-
script names.
Lerche, in nov. act. cur. Lerche (M.). See Nov. act.
bonn.
Lcschen. in ann. mus. \ Leschenault de La Tour. See Ann.
Lechen. in ann. mus. J mus.
Libosch. in mem. soc. hisl. nat. mosc. Liboschiitz (D.). See
Mem. soc. hist. nat. mosc.
Lichtenst. in Willd, spec. Lichtenstein (Henry). See Willd.
spec.
Lichtemt. or Lichl. spied. Jl. cap. mss. Ibid. Spicilegium florae
capenses. Not published.
Lichl. in Rcem. el Schull. syst. Ibid. See Rcem. et Schult. syst.
Licht. mag. Lichtenberg (Ludov). Magazin fiir das neweste
aus der pliysik und naturgeschichte, 11 vols. Svo. Gotha,
1781-1797.
Light, scot. \ Lightfoot (John). Flora scotica, 2 vols. Svo.
LighiJ.Jl.scot. } London, 1777.
Litjebl. svensk, Jl. Liljeblad (Samuel). Utkast til en Svensk
flora, 2 vols. Svo. Upsal, 1792-1798.
Liljebl. in act. acad. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Lind. als. Von Lindern (Franc. Balth.). Hortus .ilsaticus seu
plantas in Alsatia nobili designans, 1 vol. 12mo. Strasburg,
1747.
Link, Jl. gott. Link (Henry Fred.). Flora gottingensis specimen
sistens vegetabilia saxo calcareo propria, 1 vol. Svo. Gottin-
gen, 1790.
Link, beitr. Ibid. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte, 3 vols. Svo.
Rostock und Leipzig, 1794-1797.
Link, i^hil. bot. Ibid. Philosophiae botanicse novae prodromus,
Svo. Gottingen, 1798.
Link, Jl. lus. Ibid. See Hoffmans. et Link. fl. port.
Link, enum. T Ibid. Enumeratio plantarum horti
Link, enum. horl. berol. > regii botanici berolinensis, 2 vols.
Link, hurl, bcrol. J Svo. Berlin, 1821-1823.
Link, handb. Ibid. Handbuch zur Botanique, 1 vol. 8vo. Ber-
lin, 1831.
Link, in berl. mag. Ibid. Sec Berl. mag.
Link, in hor. phys. berl. Ibid. See Nees, hor. phys. berol.
Link, ct HoJfmans.Jl. port. Ibid. See Hoffmans. et Link. fl. port,
rlbid et Otto (Fred.). Abbildungcii
Link el Otto, abbild, j und Beschrcibungen seltcner Pflan-
Link et Otto, abb. gciv. ] zen im Berlin Garten, 4to. Berlin,
[_ 1821, and following years.
Lirik el Otto, pi. rar. horl. bcrol. Ibid. Icones plantarum rari-
orum horti regii berolinensis cum descriptionibus et coicndi
ratione, 4to. Berlin, 1830.
,. , ^ ,. ribid. UeberdieGattungen Vlelocac-
Ltnk el Olio, diss. I ,„s undEchinocactu.. in Hort. trans.
Lmk et Otto, diss. cad. ^ g^^^, ^^, 2, .j,o.
Link in Sprcng. umb. spec. Ibid. See Spreng. umb. spec.
Link, jahr. Ibid. Cum Schradcr ct Sprengel. Jalirbiichcr der
Gewachskundel, Svo. Berlin und Leipzig, 1820.
Link, Schwcegr. el Dielr. spec. pi. Species plantarum. Edited
5X2
892
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
by H. F. Link, S. Scliwaegrichen, and J. G. Dietrich, many
vols. 8vo. Berlin.
Lin. sj/st. Linneus, or Von Linne (Carolus). Sysfema. Twelve
different editions, from 1 7£i5 to 1793.
Lin. fund. hot. Ibid. Fundamenta botanica, 1 vol. 8vo. Am-
sterdam, 17,S6. Second edition, 1741.
Lin, hihl. hot. Ibid. Bibliotlieca botanica, 1 vol. 8vo. Am-
sterdam, 1736.
Lin. mus. cliff. Ibid. Musa cliffortiana, 1 vol. 4to. Leyden,
1736.
Lin. hort. cliff. Ibid. Hortus cliffortianus, 1 vol. fol. Amster-
dam, 1737.
Lin. vir. cliff. Ibid. Viridarium cliffortianum, 1 vol. 8vo. Am-
sterdam, 1737.
Lin. Jl. lapp. Ibid. Flora lapponica, 1 vol. 8vo. Amsterdam,
1737. Second edition, by J. E. Smith. London, 1792.
Lin. gen. Ibid. Genera plantarum. Sixth edition by Lin.
Leyden, Stockholm, and Vienna. Seventh edition by Reichard.
Eighth edition by Schreber. All from 1737 to 1791.
Lin. crit. hot. Ibid. Critica botanica, 1 vol. 8vo. Leyden, 1736.
Lin. Jl. suec. Ibid. Flora suecica, 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholm, 171-5.
Second edition, 1753.
Lin. cor. Ibid. Corollarium generum plantarum, 1 vol. 8vo.
Leyden, 1737.
Lin. Jl. zeyl. Ibid. Flora zeylanica, 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholm,
1747.
Lin. hort. ups. Ibid. Hortus upsaliensis, 1 vol. 8vo. Stock-
holm, 1748.
Lin. mat. med. Ibid. Materia medica, 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholm,
1749. Second edition by Schreber, 1772.
ribid. Anioenitates academicae seu diss.
Lin. amcen. J antehac seorsum editse, 10 vols. 8vo.
Lin. amcen. acad. | 3rd edition. Stockholm et Leipsig,
L 1749-1762.
Lin. amcen. sel. Ibid. Selectse ex amoenitatibus academicis, 3
vols. 4to. 1764-1769.
Lin. pliil. hot. Ibid. Philosophia botanica, 1 vol. 8vo. Stock-
holm, 1751. Second edition, 1755-1770. Third edition by
WiUd.
Lin. spec. edit. \st. Ibid. Species plantarum editio prior, 2 vols.
8vo. Stockholm, 1753.
Lin. spec. Ibid. Species plantarum, second edition, 8vo. Stock-
holm, 1762-1763.
r- / flbid. Praelectiones in ordinis naturales plan-
T- 1 ' , \ tarum. Edited by P. D. Gisecke and J.
Lm. era. nat. \ r^ r , ■ ■ . •'
L C. rabricius, 4to.
Lin. mant. Ibid. Mantissas plantarum, 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholm,
1767. Second edition, 1771.
Lin. act. ups. Ibid. See Act. ups.
Lin. act, holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Zin Al 1 r f Linneus filius (Carolus). Plantarum ra-
r- x; , ' J < riorum horti upsaliensis, decas 2, fol.
Lin. Jit. jn. rar. dec. ] c. , i i ^.,>■a^■^cv
•' ^ \_ Stockholm, 1762-1763.
Lin. fl. pi. rar.fasc. \ Ibid. Plantarum rariorum horti upsali-
Lin. pi. rar. J en^is, 1 fasc. fol. Leipsig, 1762.
Lin. Jil. suppl. \ Ibid. Supplementum plantarum, 1 vol. 8vo.
Lin. suppl. J Brunswick, 1781.
Lin. Jil. diss. \ Ibid. Dissertationes botanica, 1 vol. Svo. Er-
Lin. diss. J lang, 1 790.
Lin. trans. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London,
several vols. 4to. London, 1791. Continued.
T indl mnn f Lindley (John). Rosarura monographia, or a bo-
I • ii" " < tanical history of roses, 1 vol. Svo. London,
Lindl.ros, 1^ jg2o
Lindl. bat, reg. Ibid. See Edw. bot. reg.
Lindl. dig. Ibid. Digitalium monographia, 1 vol. fol. London,
1821.
Lindl. coll. Ibid. Collectanea botanica, 1 vol. fol. London, 1821.
Lindl. in hort. trans. Ibid. See Hort. trans.
Lindl. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Lindl. syn. brit. Ibid. Synopsis of the British flora, 1 vol. Svo.
London.
Lindl. in Brande's journ. 1 Journal of the Royal institution, Svo.
Lindl. in quart, journ. J London. Continued quarterly.
Lindsay, roy. soc. trans, edinb. Lindsay (Archibald). In trans-
actions of the royal society of Edinburtrh.
Linncea. Von Sehlechtcndal (D. F. L.) Linnaea ein journal fiir
die botanik, 9 vols. Svo. Berlin, 1826-1835.
T- ,. fLinocier (Geofroy). Histoire des plantes, 1
r- ' ,■ / , < vol. 12mo. Paris, 1594. Second edition,
Linoc. hist. P'- ] 1 c t a
Lob. adv. De Lobel, or Lobelius (Mathias). Stirpium nova
adversaria, 2 vols. fol. London, 1570-1605.
Lob. stirp. 1 Ibid. Plantarum seu stirpium historia, 1 vol.
Lub. hist. J Antwerp, 1576.
Zoi icon. Ibid. Stirpium icones, 1 vol. 4to. Antwerp, 1591.
Lob. ill. Ibid. Stirpium illustrationes, 4to. London, 1655.
Locjl. itin. "I Loefling (Petr.). Iter hispanicum eller resa til
Loejl. liisp. I spanska, &c. 1 vol. Berlin, 1766.
Lodd. cat, Loddiges' (Conrad) Catalogue of the plants which
are sold in the nursery at Hackney, 12mo. London. From
1814, annually.
Lodd. cab. "I Ibid. Botanical cabinet, many vols. 12mo.
Lodd. bot. cab. ] London, from 1817 to 1834.
Loes. pruss. \ Loeselius (John). Flora prussica, 1 vol. 4to.
Loes, Jl. pruss. I Potzdam, 1703.
Lois. Jl. gall. Loiseleur Des Lonchamps (J. L. A.). Flora gal-
lica, 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1806-1807.
Lois, suppl. Ibid. Sujiplement to flora gallica, Svo. Paris,
1807.
Lois. not. Ibid. Notice sur les plantes h. ajouter a la flore de
France, 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1810; and in journ. bot., which
see.
Lois. 710UV. not. Ibid. Nouveau notice, &c.
Lois, narc. Ibid. Recherches historiques botaniques et medi-
cales sur les narcisses indigenes, 4to. Paris, 1810.
Lois, voy, \ Ibid. Nouveau voyage dans I'empire de flore,
Lois. nouv. voy. I 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1818.
Lois. herb, anial. Ibid. See Delaun. herb. amat.
I^ois. in Duham arb. fruit. \
Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. J
Lois, in Duham, arb. cd. 'Znd. Ibid. See Duham, arb.
Lois, in ann. soc. Lin. par. Ibid. See Ann. soc. Lin. par.
Lonic. nat. hist.~\ Lonicerus (Adamus). Naturalis historiae opus
Lonic. hist. > novum, 2 vols. fol. Frankfort, 1551-
Lonic. J 1555.
Lonic. Jcrcet, Ibid. Krseterbuch, 1 vol. fol. Frankfort, 1564.
Second edition, 1630. Third edition, Ulm, 1679. Fourth
edition, Ulm, 1737.
Loud. hort. brit. Loudon (John Claudius). Hortus britannicus,
1 vol. Svo. London, 1830.
Loud. gard. mag. Ibid. Gardener's magazine, Svo. London,
from 1826, continued monthly.
Laud, encyc. gard. Ibid. Encyclopedia of gardening, 1 vol.
Svo. London, 1822.
Loud, encycl. agric. Ibid. Encyclopedia of agriculture, 1 vol.
Svo. London, 1825.
Lour. Jl. each. "1 De Loureiro (John). Flora cochinchinensis, 2
Lour. coch. J vols. 4to. Lisbon, 1790.
Ibid. See Duham arb. fruit.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
893
Low-, cocli. cd. fVilld. Second edition by Willdenow, 2 vols. 8vo.
Berlin, 1793.
Lotie, prim. Jl. mad. Lowe (R. T.). Primitiae faunae et florae
Madcrae et portiis Saiicti. Printed in the 4tli vol. of the
Cambridge Pliilosopliical .Society's Transactions.
Lmhv. min pi. cogn. LiuKvig (Christ. Gottl.) Progranima da
niiniiendis plantarum gcneribus, 4to. Leipsig, l/io.
Ludiv. etc. Ibid. Ectypa vegetabilium usibus medicis destina-
toriim, &-C. 1 vol. fol. Halle, 17G0.
Lumn'ttz. Jl. pus. Lumnitzer (Stephan.). Flora posoniensis, 1
vol. 8vo. Leipsig, 1791.
Lttnan, hort. jam.'
Lun. jam.
Lun, hort.
vo. ijeipsig, 1 ( y 1.
iort. jam. "1 Lunan (John). Hortus jamaicensis, or a
n. > botanical history of the indigenous plants,
t. jam. J &c. 2 vols. 4to. Jamaica, 1814.
M.
Magn. hot. Magnol (Petr.). Botanicon nionspeliense, 1 vol.
12mo. Montpelier, 1C8G.
Magn. prod. Ibid. Prodromus liistoriK generalis plantarum,
8vo. Montpelier, IGS6.
Magn. hort. 1 Ibid. Hortus regius monspeliensis, 1 vol.
Magn. lioit. monsp. j 8vo. Montpelier, 1689.
Mai. misc. See Jack. mal. misc.
Maralt. fi. rom. Maratti (John Franc). Flora roinana, 2 vols.
8vo. Rome, 1822.
Margg. mat. mcd. Marggravius (Christ.). Materia medica con-
tracta, 1 vol. 4to. Leyden, 1674.
Marcg. bras. "] Marcgravius (Georg.) Historia rerum
Marcg. hist. > naturalium brasiliae, 1 vol. fol. Am-
Marcg. hist.nat. bras. J sterdam, 1648.
Marsd. sum. Marsden (William). The history of Sumatra, 1
vol. 4to. London, 1783. Second edition, 1784.
,. . , f Marshall (Humphrey). Arbustum ameri-
Marsh. arb. I pa^^,^ o,. (he American grove, &c. 1
Marsh, arb. amer. | , „ ni -i i i i • i -o -
' (_ vol. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1/ 8j.
Mart. berl. mag. Martini (Fried. Henr. Wilhi.). Cerlinisches
Masazin oder gesammelte Schriften, &c. 4 Bande, 8vo. Berlin,
17G5-1767.
Mart. bcrl. samml. Ibid. Berliniche Sammliingen zur Beforde-
rung der Naturgeschichte, &:c. 10 Biinde, 8vo. Berlin, I7C8-
1779.
Mart. cent. Martyn (John). Historia plantarum rariorum cen-
turlae, decas 1 — 5, fol. London, 1728.
Mart. rust.
Mart. f. rust.
Martyn, Jl. rust.
Mart. Mill. diet. Ibid. Miller's gardener's and botanist's dic-
tionary, 2 vols. fol. London, 1797-1807.
Mart. reis. "I Vou Martius (C. F. P.). Reise in Bra-
Marl. reise bras. J zilien, 4to. Munich, 1823.
Mart. mat. med. \ Ibid. Specimen inateriae medicae brasi-
Mart. mat. med. bras. / liensis, fol. Munich, 1824-1826.
Mart. r>ov.gen. bras. T jj^;_, ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^p^^j^^ p,^^,^.
Mart. Jl. ras. 1 j-^m quas in itinere per Brasiliam col-
Marl. pi. bras. f j ; \^, ^,,^i^ 1817-1820.
Mart. bras. J °
Mart. palm. Ibid. Genera et species palmarum quas in itinere
per Brazilian!, fol. Munich, 1823.
Mart. palm. gen. Ibid. Palmarum familia cjusque genera
denuo illustrata, 4to. Munich, 1824.
Mart. enum. hort. erlang. \ Ibid. Enumeralio plantarum horti
Mart. hort. erl. j eriangensis, Svo. Erlang.
Mart, c/ioi.r de pi. mun. Ibid. Choix des plantcs du Jardin do
Munich, not published.
Marl, amaranth, in. nov. act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bon.
Martvn (Thomas). Flora rustica, 4 vols.
8vo. London, 1792-1794.
Marl. hist. pi. rar. dec. Ibid. Historia plantarum rarionnn
decades, Svo. Munich.
Mart, in act. bonn. 1 n i c. xt
nr , • , I > Ibiu. see Nov. act. bonn.
Mart, in nov. act. bonn. j u""".
Mart, et Zucc. inacl. acad.monach.\ Ibid. See Abhand. acad.
Mart, in act. acad. mon. J wiss.
Mart, in eomm. soc. ralisb. Ibid. .See Comm. soc. ratisb.
Marl, in Schulles, sysl. Ibid. See Schultes' syst.
Mail, in D. C. prod. Ibid. See D. C. prod.
Mart, in bot. zeit. Ibid. See Bot. zeit.
Mart. mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Mart. herb. Ibid. His herbarium.
Mart, el Schranck mss. Ibid et Schranck (Franc, von Paula).
Their manuscript names.
Mart, et Zuce. in Rcem. et Schultes, sysl. Ibid et Zuccarini (J.
G.) See Rcem. et Schultes' syst.
Mass. stap. Masson (Francis^. Stapeliae nova?, fol. London,
1796.
Rial. sil. Von Mattuschka (H. S. S.). Flora silesiaca, 2 vols.
Svo. Leipsig, 1776.
Math. comm. Mathiolus (P. Andr.). Commentarii in 4 libros.
Pedacii Dioscoridis, fol. Venice, 1554-1558. Many editions.
Math, epist. rtied. Ibid. Epistolje medicinales, 1 vol. 12mo.
Leyden, 15G4.
Math. comp. Ibid. Compendium de ])lantis omnibus, 4to. Ve-
nice, 1571.
Math. oper. Ibid. Opera omnia. Edit. C. Bankino, 1 vol. tbi.
Franckfort, 1598. Second edition, Basil, 1674.
Math. Valgr. Ibid. Commentarii in sex libros Pedacii Dios-
coridis apud Valgrisium. Venice, 1588. 2 vols. fol.
Maur. prod. Mauri (Ernest). See Seb. et Maur. prod.
Maur. cent. 1 Ibid. Romanarum plantarum centuri.-e,
Maur. rom. pi. cent, j Svo. Rome, 1818-1820.
,,".'". , > See Neuw. reise. bras.
Maxim, reise. bras. J
71/a.r. et A'ees. in nov. act. bonn. See Nov. act. bonn.
Mayer, pom. fr. Mayer (John). Pomona franconia, ou descrip-
tion des arbres fruiticrs les plus estemes en Europe, qui se
cultivent maintenant an jardin de la cour de \Vurtzl)urg in
Franconia, 2 vols. 4to. Nuremberg, 1776.
Mayer, abh. bohem. Ibid. See .\bhan(l. bohm.
Med. phil bot. "1 Medicus (Fried. Casim.) Botanische Beobach-
Mcd. bot. beob. > tungen, 2 vols. Svo. Manheim, 1783-
Med.beob. J 1784.
Medik. malv. \ Ibid. Ueber einige kiinstliche Geschlechte der
Med. malv. J Malven-familia, 1 vol. Svo. Mannheim, 1787.
Med. rep. Medical repository, by Dr. S. L. Mitchell, and Ed-
ward Miller, and E. H. Smith, vols. 1—15. New York,
1804-1812.
Med. in Ust. ann. 1 n • i c- it .
,, ,., • r, , > Ibid. See Ust. neu ann.
Medilr. in Ust. neu ann. j
Med. act. pal. Ibid. See Comm. acad. sc. pal.
Medik, comm. haart. Medik (D.). See Comm. haarl.
Medik, in Ust. ann. Ibid. See Ust. ann.
Medik, gen. pi. \ Ibid. Genera plantarum novarum, from
Medik, nov. gen. pi. J Ust. neu ann. which see.
V/'^'^i • I Meerburff (Nicol.). Plantarum icones pictae,
Meerb. icon. ? r i t i i -oo
Mcerb.pl.sel. J ^°'- leyden, 1/88.
Meisn. anz. Meisncr (Leon Ferd.) See Goett. anz.
Mem. acad. berol. Memoires de I'academie royale des sciences
de Berlin, 4to. Berlin, 1770. Continued.
Mem. inst. Memoires de I'institut national des sciences et des
arts, 4to. Paris, 1796, and following years.
Mem. acad. lisb. Memorias da academia real das sciencias de
Lisboa, 4to. Lisbon, 1797. Continued.
894
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Mem. acad. lish. ecom. Memorias economicas da academice real
das scicncias de Lisbon, 3 vols. 4to. Lisbon, 1789-1791.
Mem. acad. toul. Histoiie et memoires de I'academie royale des
sciences, &c. de Toulouse, 3 vols. 4to. Toulouse, 1782-1788.
Mem. acad. so. par. Memoires de I'academie royale des sciences,
1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1666-1788.
Mem. soc. laus. Memoires de la societe des sciences physiques
de Lausanne, 1 vol. 4to. Lausanne, 1784.
Mem. acad. tur. Memoires de I'academie royales des sciences de
Turin, 4to. 1782-1816. Continued.
Mem. cal. Memoirs of the Caledonian horticultural society, 8vo.
ISIO. Continued.
Mem. amer. acad. Memoirs of the American academy of arts
and sciences, 4to. Boston, 1785, continued.
Mem. fis. ist. nat. Memoire sopre la fisica eo istoria naturale di
diversi valentuomini, 4 vols. Svo. Lucca, 1743-1757.
Mem. mod. IMemoirie di Modena.
Mem. soc. Iiist. nat. par. Memoires de la societe d'histoire natu-
relle de Paris, 1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1790.
Mem. soc. ilal. Memoirie di matematica e fisica della societa
Italiana, 4to. Verona, 1782. Continued.
Mem. soc. strasb. Memoires de la societe des sciences d'agricul-
ture et arts de Strasburg, 1 vol. Svo. Strasburg, 1811.
Mem. mus. Memoires du museum d'histoire naturelle, 4to. Paris,
1815, and following years.
Mem. mosc. 1 Memoires de la socie^te imperiale
»*„ 1 ■ , , > ties naturalistes de Moscou, 4to.
Mem. soc. hist. nat. mosc. ( ,, ,-„r •„■,
J Moscow, 1 /85-1811.
Mem. acad. sc. tor. Memorie della resile academia delle scienze
di Torino, 38 vols. 4to. Torino, continued.
Mem. soc. phys. gen. Memoires de la societe de physique et
d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, 7 vols. 4to. 1821. Continued.
]\Iem. acad. sc. petersh. Memoires de I'academie imperiale des
sciences de St. Petersburg, 4to. Petersburg, 1831. Con-
tinued.
Mem. jjres. acad. sc. petersh. Memoires presentes a I'academie
imperiale des sciences de St. Petersburg, 4to. Petersburg,
1830. Continued.
Mem. soc. Lin. par. Memoire de la societe linneenne de Paris,
3 vols. Svo. Paris, 1819, and following years.
Mctilz. pvg. Mentzel (Christian). Pugillus plantarura rariorum,
fol. 1682.
Merat, fi. par. \ Merat (X. V.). Nouvelle flore des environs de
Mer. fl. p>ar. / Paris, Svo. Paris, 1813.
il/er. sur.
Alerian, surin.
Merian, sur.
Merian or Grasffin (Maria Sybylla). De me-
tamorphosibus insectorum surinamensium,
1 vol. fol. Hague, 1726.
Mert. et Koch, Jl. germ. J '^^'"f"^^^ ''""'=• ^'f,'''); %, ^°'^
Mert. et Koch. deuJsch. f. < ^W- D.). Deutsch ands Flora, 2
"^ 1^ vols. Svo. 1S23-182C.
Mert. in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Meyer, prim. fl. esscq. T . , /r- -o \v \ r> • • • a
Meyn; ess Meyer (G. F. W.). PrnnitiEc florte
Meyer, esseq. V essequeboensis, 1 vol. 4to. Got-
Meyer, prim, esseq, J ""S'^"' 1^1^.
Meyer, in acad. mourou, vol. 7. Ibid. See Act. acad. mourou,
vol. 7.
Meyer, in act. snc. cur. honn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Meycn, in Linnaa. Meyen (Franc. Jul. Ferdin.). See Linnaa.
Aleyer (Carl. Ant.). Verzeichniss der
Pflanzen vvelche wahrend der auf aller-
hochsten Befehl, in den Jahren 1829
und 1830 unternommene Reise in Cauca-
sus und in den Provinzen am westlichen
Ufer des Caspischen Meeres gefunden
und eingesamnielt worden sind. 4to.
Petersburg, 1831.
Meyer, in Led. Jl. ross. alt. ill. Ibid. See Led. fl. ross. alt. ill.
Michx. clien. Michaux (Andre). Histoire des chenes de I'Arae-
rique septentrionale, 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1801.
Michx. or Mich-Jl. hor. amcr Ibid. Flora boreali americana, 2
vols. Svo. Paris, 1803.
{Michaux fils (Andre Franc). Histoire
des arbres forestiers de I'Amerique
septentrionale, 3 vols. 4to. Paris,
1810-1813.
Mich, relax. Micheli (Petr. Ant.). Relazione dell erba orobanche
o succiamele, Svo. Florence, 1723.
Mich. gen. 1 Ibid. Nova plantarum genera, 1 vol. fol.
Mich. nov. pi. gen. j Florence, 1729.
Miers, chil. Miers (John). Travels in Chili, 1 vol. Svo.
London.
Milan, Jl. del. Mikan (Joseph). Delectus floree et fauna;
brasiliensis, fol. Vienna, 1S23, and following years.
Mill. diet. Miller (Philip). The gardener's dictionary. London,
1831-1768. Eight editions by Miller, and the ninth by
Martyn. See Mart. Mill. diet.
Mill. fg. 1 , . , ^.
Mill. icon. >Ibid. Figures of plants described in the gar-
Mill.illustr. \ doner's dictionary, 2 vols. fol. London, 1760.
Mirh. elem. Brisseau-Mirbel (C. F".). Elemens de physiologic
vegetal et de botanique, 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1815.
Mirh. ann. mus. Ibin. See Ann. mus.
Mirh. in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Mirh. in ann. sc. nat. par. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat. par.
Mirh. bull, pkilom. Ibid. See Bull. phil.
Misc. berol. Miscellanea berolinensiaad incrementmn scientarum
ex scriptis societatis regias scientiarum, 1 vol. Berlin, 1710.
3Hsc. berol. cont. Miscellaneorum berolinensium continuatio, 6
vols. Berlin, 1723-1743.
Misc. taur. Miscellenea philosophico-mathematica societatis pri-
vate taurinensis, 1 vol. 4to. Turin, 1759.
Milh. in act. acad. cur. Mitchell (John). See Neu schrift. berol.
71/oe. et Sesse, iconjl. mex. ined. Mocino (Josef) et.Sesse(Martin).
Flora mexicana. Iconibus ap ipso Sesse et Cervantesio cura-
tus nondum editis usus est Candolleus.
Moc. icon. pi. nootk. f Mocino (Josef). Drawing of plants
Moc. pi. nutk. <^ collected by him in Nootka Sound.
Moc. pi. nootk. [_ Not published.
Mcench. hass. 1 Moench (Conrad). Enumeratio plantarum in-
iMcench. enum. / d
Mcench. neis.
igenarum Hassise, 1 vol. Svo. Capel, 1777.
fibid. Verzeichniss auslandischer Baume des
Meyer, verz. pjl.
Meyer, pjlanz.
Meyer, verz. pjlanz.
i\r^ I < Lustschlosses Weissenstein, 1 vol. Svo.
lUoench. verz. \ r ,r ,-„,
L rrankfurt, 1 i 85.
Moench. meth. Ibid. Methodus plantas horti et agri marbur-
gensis describendi, 1 vol. Svo. ]Marburg, 1794.
Mcench. siippl. Ibid. Supplementum ad methodum, &c. 1 vol.
Svo. Marburg, 1802.
Mohr, ohs. hot. Mohr (Dan. Math. Henr.). Observationes bo-
tanicEC, 1 vol. Svo. Kiel, 1803.
Mijlir. in nov. act. honn. Moehring (Paul Henry). See Nov. act.
bonn.
Molina, sagg. chil. /'^r r //~.- t n c ii
Mulin chit iMolma (Giov. Ign.) Saggio sulla
,, ■• ■ " I ;■;• y storia naturale del Chili, 1 vol. Svo.
Motina, voy. du chill. < „ i i-o,-, c i j- ■
nr ? It \ Bologna, 1^82. second edition,
Mol. chil. J ,, »-,'
71/ ;• , I ■ , 1-1 f ^to- 1816.
Molina, nat. mst. chil. v
Monti, pi. ind. Monti (Joseph). Plantarum varii indices. Bo-
logna, 1724.
3fontin, in act. liolm. Lars Montin. See Act. l.o!m.
Montin, in act. acad. tips. Ibid. See Act. ups.
Mor. prccl. Morison (Robert). Prceludia botanica, pars 1, sive
hortus regius blesensis auctus, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1669.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
895
Mor. uvih. ( Ibid. Plantarum umbelliferarum distributio nova,
Moris, timb. \ 1 vol. fol. Oxford, lC7r?.
Moris, hist. "1
Mor. hist. I Ibid. Plantarum liistoria universalis oxoniensis,
Mor.o.xon. r 3 vols. Col. Oxford, 1715.
Mor. ox. J
Mor. elench. sard. T », • /i rj \ o • • i
Moris, stirp. sard. \^^°\'' ^l"'' "^"'■•)- .S'"'?'"!!:' sardoarum
Moris, dcnch. > ^lenchus, 4to. Caglian et Turm, 1827-
Mor. sard, elench. J
Moris, hist. taur. sem. Ibid. Catalogue of the seeds collected
in the botanic garden at Taurin for 1831.
Moris, in acad. del torino. Ibid. See Mem. acad. sc. tor.
Morris, fl. consp. Morris (Richard). Flora conspicua, 1 vol.
8vo. London, 1825-1826.
Mo If' t'~ r Moretti (Gins.). Notizia supra diverse
Mo7etl'i,7-'^''cent. \ P'""'^, '^'^ a^gungiarri alia flora vicen-
'•' 1^ tina, 4to. Venice, 1813.
Moretti, in hihl. ital. Moretti (Joseph). See Bibl. ital.
Moretti, giorn. dijis. Ibid. See Mem. soc. ital.
Moretti, del. pi. ital. 1 Ibid. De quibusdam plantis italise, decas
Moretti, pi. ital. del. J 2—34. Paris.
Moric. fi. vert. Moricand (Steph.). Flora veneta, 1 vol. Svo.
Geneva, 1820.
Miihl. cat. Muhlenberg (Henry). Catalogus plantarum aniericre
septentrionalis, 1 vol. 8vo. Lancaster, 1813.
Muhl. in Big. fl. host. Ibid. See Big. fl. host.
Muhl. in nov. act. scrut. herd. "1 Ibid. See Neu Schrift, ges.
Muhl. in schrift. berol. ges. J berol.
Muhl. in flllld. sj)cc. Ibid. See WillJ. spec.
Muhl. in JVilld. enum. Ibid. See Willd. enum.
,,..,,,, CMiiller (John Gottl.). Species plantarum
Mull- del. J ad vivum delineatse, decas 1, fol. Ber-
Mtdl. spec.pl. del. ^ j|^_ j-^-
Miill. fl. dan. Miiller (Otho Fred.). See Fl. dan.
Midi. fl. frid. Ibid. Flora fridrichsdalina, 1 vol. Svo. Stras-
burg, 1782.
Midi, in nov. act. petrop. Ibid. See Act. nov. petrop.
Midi, in nov. act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Midi, in act. acad. holm. See Act. holm.
Mundi. in litl. Mundt (H.). His letters.
Munt. phyt. \ Munting (Abraham), Phytographia curiosa,
Munting,'phyt. J 1 vol. fol. 1702-1727.
Munt. herb. brit. Ibid. De vera antiquorum herba britannica,
1 vol. 4to. Amsterdam, 1681 ; edit. 2d, 1698.
Mrrr. stjst. Murray (John Andr.). Linnsei system, vegetabilium,
13th edit. 1 vol. 8vo. Gottingen and Gotha, 1744.
Murr. in nov. comm. gott. Ibid. See Nov. comm. gott.
Murr. in comm. gott. Ibid. See Comm. gott.
Murr. gott. 1 Ibid. Prodroraus designationes stirpium got-
Murr. prod, g'utt. j tingensium, 1 vol. Svo. Gottingen, 1770.
Mussin, in IVilld. spec. Mussin-Puschkin (Appol. Comes.). See
Willd. spec.
fMutis (J. C). Instruceion formada por
J\lul,s, mstr. quin. I ^^ facukativos relativa de las cspecies
Mut,s,tnstr. ^ de la quina, 4to. Cadiz, 1792.
Mut. car. Ibid. Monographia de Cariocar almendron, 4to.
Madrid.
Mut. mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Mutis, in Lin. suppl. Ibid. See Lin. fil. suppl.
N.
Nat. anz. schw. Naturwissenchafilicher Anzeiger der allgeniei-
nen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die gesammlen Natur-
wissenchaften, 4to. Bern, 1817, and following years.
Neck. clem. De Necker (Nat. Jos.). Elementaboianica secun-
dum systema omologicum seu naturale, 3 vols. Svo. Ncuwied,
1790.
A^ee, in Cat), icon. Nee(Ludov.). See Cav. icon.
Nces, hor. phj/s. berol. Nees ab Essenbeck (Carol. Gothofr.)
Horae physicfc berolinenses collects! ex symbolis virorum
doctorum, Link, Rudolplie, Sec, 1 vol. fol. Bonn, 1820.
A^ees, in Schlecht. Linnceu. 1 n • > r. r ■
Necs. in Linncea. j"^"'- ^'^'^ Lmnaa.
Neeset Wcih. rub. germ, f ll'iJ- et Wcihe (Auguste). Rubis ger-
A'ces rub. germ.
r Ibid. etWcihe (Aug
■< manicis edendis,
t 1823.
&;c. 4to. Rome,
Ibid. See Bot. zeit.
Nees, in ann. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
Nees, in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
A'ces, in bot. zeit.
Nees, in flora.
Nees, in IVall. pi. rar. asiat. Ibid. See Wall. pi. asiat. rar.
Nees el Mart, in act. bonn. 1 iv i .\j m .• /ni.i \
.r . nt , ■ , I I Ibid. etVon Martuis(Phu.).
ISIees et Mart, m nov. act. bonn. > c vt i
., , ,r , ■ , , I See Nov. act. bonn.
Jyccs et nlart. in nov. act. nat. cur, J
Nees, ojf. pfl. "| Ibid. Plantarum in horto medico bonnensi
Nees, pi. off. > nutritarum icones selectae, 2 fasc. Bonn.
Nces, off. pflanz. J 1824.
Nees, syll. ratisb. Ibid. See Syll. pi. soc. bot. ratisb.
Nestl. pot. Nestler (C. G.). Monographia de potentilla, 4to.
Paris, 1816.
Nestl. in Pers. ench. Ibid. See Pers. ench.
Neu. schrift. ges. nat. freund. berol. Der Gesellschaft naturlbr-
schender Freunde zu Berolin neue Schriften, 4to. Berlin,
1795, and following years.
Neu. schrift. ges. nat. hall. Neue Schriften der naturforschenden
Gesellschaft in Halle, 1 band. Halle, 1811,
Ncun<. rcis. bras. Weid-Neuwied(Maximil. Prince Von). Reise
nach brazilien, 2 vols. 4to. Frankfort.
Neuw. in nov. act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Neuw. in flora. Ibid. See Bot. zeit.
Nicb. arab. Niebuhr (Carsten), Reise-beschreibung nach Ara-
bien, 2 vols. 4to. Copenhagen, 1774-1778.
Nis. in act. par. "I Nissole (William). See Act. acad.
Nis. in act. acad. par. j par.
., , C Nocca (Dominic). Synopsis plantarum,
Aocca, syn.pl. I ],o,.ti botanici ticinensis, 1 vol. Svo.
Nocca, syn. hort. licin.>^ p^^j^_ jg^g^
Nocca, pi. sel. hort. tic. Ibid. Ticinensis horti plantaj selects,
1 fasc. fol. Ticin, 1806.
Nocca, hist. hort. ticin. Ibid. Historia atque ichnographia horti
ticinensis, 4to. Pavia, 1818.
Nocca et Balb.fl. ticin. Ibid, et Balbis (J. B.). Flora ticinensis,
2 vols. 4to. Pavia. 1816-1821.
Nois. jard.Jruit. | Noisette (Louis). Le iardin fruitier, 2 vols.
Nou.jard.fr. \ ^^^ Wris,1813.-'
Noisell.jard. J nut. J
Nonne,fl. erf. Nonne (John Phil). Flora in territorio crfordensi
indigena, 1 vol. Svo. Erford, 1763.
jVor. in verhand. batav. De Noronha (Ferdin.). See Verhand.
batav.
Nouv. did. agric. Nouveau cours complet ; ou, dictionnaire
raisonne d'agriculture, par les membres de la section d'agric.
de I'institut, 13 vols. Svo. Paris, 1809, and following years.
Nouv. did. d'hisl. nut. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire natu-
relle, 36 vols. Svo. Paris, 1S16-1819, continued.
Nouv. ann. mus. Nouvelles annales du museum d'histoire na-
turclle, 4 vols. 4lo. Paris, 1832, continued.
Nov. ad. bonn. Nova acta, physico-medica academiae cacsarea?
Leopoldino-Carolinac natura: curiosorum, 16 vols. 4to. Bonn,
continued.
896
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Nutt.
Niitt.
Nutt.
Nutt.
Nutt.
Nutt.
Nutt.
NiUt.
Nutt.
A'lilt.
Nutt.
Ibid. See Amer. phil. trans.
gen. 1 Nuttall (Thomas). Tlie genera of North
gen. amer. > American plants, and a catalogue of the
nov. gen. J species, 2 vols. 12mo. Philadelphia, 1818.
in amer. phil. soc. trans,
in amer, pliil. trans,
in journ. acad. phil. ]
injourn.acad.nat.sc.philad. I Ibid. See Journ. acad.
in journ. sc. nat. phil. f phil.
in journ. acad. sc. phil. J
'."*■.'/;'"• «""^'';>'"-l Ibid. SeeSillii
in but. amer. journ.
Iini. amer. journ.
O.
Oed. fi. dan. Oeder (George Christ.). See Fl. dan.
,,.. ("Olivier (Guil. Anton.) et Bruguiere (Jean
y,,. ■ ^n < Guil.). Voyages dans I'emnire Ottoman,
Oliv. et Drug. von. ]„/,.%,■ '
° L 2 vols. 4to. Pans.
Oliv. herb. cent. Ibid. Centuria herbarium mirabilium, 1 vol.
8vo. Magdeburg, 1616.
Opiz, injlora. 1 ^^ g^^ ^^^ ^^.^
iJpiz, in Dot. zeit. J
Opiz, in syll. pL soc. ratish. Ibid. See Syll. pi. soc. bot. ratisb.
^ , r De Ortega (Casim. Gomez). Novarum aut ra-
r\ . I ' N riorum plantarum horti rov. madritensis, de-
<. iiuiuiu plantarum norti roy.
[ cades 8, 4to. Madrid, 1797-1798.
Ort. dec
Ort. Jl. esp. Ibid. Continuatio de la flora espanola, 6 vols. 4to.
Madrid, 1784.
fOsbeck (Pehr.). Dagbock aef ' er en Ostendisk resa,
Osb.itin. \ 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholm, 1757. English edition,
Osb. res. | A voyage to China, &-c., 1 vol. 8vo. London,
L 1771.
Otth, ill D. C. prod. Otth. See D. C. prod.
Otth, mss. His manuscript names.
Otto, et Link, abb. sew. Ir. ti /->. aii_ii
r^., . T- I ii.1 > See Link et Otto Abbdd.
Otto, et Link, abbl. J
P.
Pall. itin. Pallas (Peter Simon). Reise durch verschiedene
Provinzen des Russischen Reichs, 3 vols. 4to. Petersburg,
1771-1776. edit. gall. French edition, 8 vols. 8vo., with an
atlas, Paris, 1792.
I'all. ross. \ Ibid. Flora rossica, 2 vols. fol. Petersburg,
Pall.f.ross.j 1784-1788.
Pall. ill. Ibid. Illustrationes plantarum imperfecte vel nondum
cognitarum, 4 fasc. fol. Leipsig, 1803.
Pall. astr. "1 Ibid. Species astragalorum descriptae et iconibus
Pall, astrag. ) illustratae, 1 vol. fol. Leipsig, 1 800.
Pall. nord. beitr. Ibid. Neue nordische Beitrage zur physika-
lischen, &c., 7 vols. Petersburg and Leipsig, 1781-1786.
Pall. hort. dem. Ibid. See Demid. enum.
Pall, in nov. act. pctrop. 1 ji • i r. a ,
PalL in act. petrop. / ^^"•^- ^ee Act. nov. acad. pelrop.
Palmstr. svenslc. bot. Palmstruch (J.W.). Svensk botanik fasc.
8vo. Stockholm, 1802. and following years.
Panz. obs. bot. Panzer (George Wolffg). Observationum botani-
carum specimen, 8vo. Nurnberg, 1786.
Pa7iz, Jl. norimb. Ibid. Flora norimbergensis, 1 vol. 8vo.
Nurnberg.
Park var ("Parkinson (John). Paradisi in sole paradisus
Park, parad. | London' 16°'9 ^ ""'^'" "'^ ^''"'"'' ' ' °'" ^°'"
Park, thcatr. Ibid. Theatrum botanicum, 1 vol. fol. London,
1640.
Parr. voy. append. Parry (EdwArd). A voyage to discover a
north west passage, appendix, 4to. London.
p . . r Paterson (William). A narrative of four jour-
r, . ' ■ ' < nevs into the c^untry of the Hottentots,
Paters, lourn. \ , \ ,. t i I've!,
■' |_ 1 vol. 4to. London, W89.
Patrin. in Pall. nord. Patrin (Eugen Ludov. Melch.). See
Pall. nord. beitr.
Pav. diss. Pavon (Jos.). Dissertacion tot botanica sobre los
generos Tovaria, Actinophyllum, &c. Madrid.
Pav. Jl. per. Ibid. See Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
Pav. in herb. Lamb. Ibid. In the Lambertian herbarium.
Pern, voy- Pernetty (M.). Voyage aux isles Maloines, k vols.
8vo. Paris, 1770.
Perpent. in bibl. ital. Perpenti (Helena). See Bibl. ital.
Perr. in litt. Perrottet (M.). In letters.
p , fPersoon (Christ. Henry). Synopsis plantarum
n ' ' < seuenchlridium botanicum, 2 vols. 12mo. 1805-
Pers.syn. ^ jg^^^
Pers. in list. ami. Ibid. See Ust. ann.
Petagn. insl. Petagna (Vincent). Institutiones botanicae,
5 vols. 8vo. Naples, 1785-1787.
Pet. Th. obs. afr.aust.'^ « i . j n .-. ti / k \ ^\
p I fl 1 Aubert du Petit i houars (Aubert).
Plantes des isles de I'Afrique aus-
trales, 1 fasc. 4to. Paris, 1801.
Ibid. Histoire des vegetaux re-
cueillies dans les isles australes
d'Afrique, 2 fasc. 4to. Paris, 1806.
Ibid. Genera nova madagascariensis,
13 fasc. 8vo. 1810.
Ibid. See Diet. sc. nat.
Pet. Th. pi. nfr.
Pet. Th. a/r.
Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr.
Pet. Th. obs. pi. isl, ajr.
Pet. Th. veg. afr.
Pet. Th.Jl. hist. d'ac.
Pet. hist. veg. afr. austr.
Pet. Th. gen. pi. afr.
Pet. Th. gen. madag.
Pet. Th. gen. nov.
Pet. Th. met. bot. Ibid. Melanges de botanique et de voyages,
8vo. Paris, 1811.
Pet. orch. afr. Ibid. Hi-toire des plantes orchidees recueillies
sur les trois isles australes d'Afrique, 8vo. Paris, 1822.
Petit. Th. in journ, hot. Ibid. See Journ. bot.
Pet. Th. diet. sc.
Pet. Th. diet, des sc.
Pet. Th. diet. sc. nat.
Pet. Th. diet, scienc. nat.
Petiv. gaz. \ Petiver (James). Gazophylaciuni nalura? et artis.
Pet. gaz. J Decades 5, fol. London, 1702-1704.
Pet. herb. brit. "]
Petiv. britt. I Ibid. Herbarii Britannici catalogus, fol.
Petiv. herb. brit. T London, 1704.
Petiv. engl. herb, j
Phil, trans. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
London, 4to. London, from 1665, continued annually.
Phil. mag. The London and Edinburgh philosophical maga-
zine and journal of sciences. Conducted by Sir David
Brewster, Richard Taylor, and Richard Phillips.
Pic. hort. pan. Picciuoli (Guisseppe). Hortus Panciaticus, 4to.
Florence, 1783.
Pict. hort. par. See Desf. icon. par.
Pio, diss. \ De Pio (John Bapt.).
Pio, viol. / Turin, 1813.
Piso, bras. I Piso (Guil.).
Pis. bras. > lise, 1 vol. fol.
Piso, hist. nat. bras. J See Marcg. bras.
Plenck, vied. "1 Plenck (Jos. Jac). Icones plantarum medi-
Plenck, icon. V cinaliuni, fol. Vienna, 1803, and following
Plenck. off. J years.
De Viola specimen, 4 to.
Historia naturalis Brasi-
Amsterdam, 1648.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
897
Piinii, liisl. Pllnins secundus (Cajiis). Historia mundi, libii
37, 1 vol. fol. Geneva, 1C31, several editions.
Pluck, or Pliik. pliijl. Plukenett (Leonard). Phytograpiiia, sive
stirpiuni illustriorum, &c. 4 vols. 4to. London, 1691.
Pluk. aim. Ibid. Almagistiim botanicvnti, sive pliyt. Onos-
iTiasticon, 1 vol. 4to. London, 1796.
Pluk. mant. Ibid. Almagesti botanic! mantissa, 1 vol. 4to.
London, 1700.
Pluh. amallh. Ibid. Amaltbeuin botanicum, 1 vol. 4to. London,
170J.
Plum. amcr. ~| Plumier (Charles). Description des plantes
Plum. pi. amcr. > de I'Amerique, 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1693-
Pl urn. spec. J 1713.
Plum. )iov. gen. f Ibid. Nova plantarinn amcricanarum genera,
Plum. gen. \ 1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1703.
Ibid. Plantarum americanarum, fasc. 10,
continentes plantas quas olim. C. Plu-
nierius detexit et depinxit, edidit Joannes
Burniannus, fol. Amsterdam, 1795.
Plum, ed Burm. pi. amer. ~| Ibid. Plants; americanae a C. Plu-
Plum. amer. ed Burm. > mior detectae et a Burmanno editffi.
Plum. edit. Burm. J 5 fasc. fol. Amsterdam, 1755-1760.
Pceppig. mss. Poeppig (Edward). His manuscript names.
Pceppig. enum. pi. cub. exsic. Ibid. Enumeration of dried
specimens of plants collected in Cuba.
f Ibid, et Endlicher (Ste-
pban). Nova genera
et species plantarum
Chilensium, fasc. fol.
Vienna.
(epj . la) . I jjjjj|_ j_jjg journal of travels in Chili, &c.
Pceppig, aiarr. j •"
Pceppig, exsic. Ibid. His dried specimens of plants.
Pohl, tcni.Jl. bohem. \ Pohl (Imman). Versuch einer Flora Boh-
/ mens, 2 vols. 8vo. Prague, 1810-1814.
Plum.
icon. amcr.
Poeppig, et Endlicher, nov. gen. cliil.
Pceppig, et Endlicher, nov. gen.
Pohl (John Inman). Plantarum Bra-
silia? icones et descriptiones hacte-
nus ineditae, 2 vols. fol. Vienna,
1827, and following years.
Pohl, fl. boh.
Pohl, fi. bras.
Pohl, pi. bras.
Pohl, bras.
Pohl, icon. incd. 1 Ibid. The unpublished parts of the pre-
Pohl, pi. bras. ined. J ceding work.
Pohl, in bot. zeit. Ibid. See Bot. zeit.
Pohl, in Bcnth. lab. Ibid. See Benth. lab.
Pohl, in Hoppe laschcnb. Ibid. See Hoppe Tasclienb.
Pohl, mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Pohl, in litt. Ibid. In letters.
Poir. voy. barb. "lp„i,et (J. L. M.). Voyage en Barbarie,
Pinr. vol/. > o vols. 8vo. Paris, 1789.
Poir. ilin. J
. rlbid. Encyclopedia methodique Dictionnaire de
Poir. diet. ) botanique, vols. 4 to 8, 4to. Paris, ISOl-
I oir. encijcl. ^ 1808. See Lam. diet, continued by Poiret.
. . ribid. Encyclopedie methodique, supple-
roir. suj)p . J nienta in dictionnaire de botanique, 4 vols.
Poir. diet, suppl. ^ 4to, 1810-1816.
Poit. et Turp. Jl. par. Poiteau et Turpin. Flore Parisienne
6 livr. fol. Paris, 1808, and following years.
rlbid. Traile des arbres fruitiers
Poit.arh.fr. ) de Duhamel, nouvelle edit.,
Poit. et Turp. arb.fr. Duh.\ 13 fasc. fol. Paris, 1808, antl
l_ following years.
Poit. in ann. mus. Ibid. See Ann. mus.
Poit. in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Poivr. voy. Poivre (Pierre). Voyages d'un philosophe, 1 vol.
12mo. Yverdon, 1768.
Poll. pal. Pollich (John Adam). Historia plantarum in Pali-
tinatu electorali spontc nascentium, 3 vols. 8vo. Manlieim,
1776.
Pollin pi vcr fPollini (Cyrus). Horti et provincise Vero-
Pollin, pi. ver'on. ) "'^"^'^ I'!f 'i'^ "^y^^ ^'•'' """"^ "'g"''«^'
' (_ 1 fasc. I'avia, 1816.
Pollm, sngg. veg. alb. Ibid. Saggio di osservazioni c di spe-
rienze sulla vegetatione degli Alberi, 1 vol. 8vo. Verona,
1815.
Poll.Jl.ver. Ibid. Flora veronensis, 3 vols. 8vo. 1822-1824.
Vvm. mag. Pomological magazine, 4 vols. 8vo. London.
{Pona (John). Plantae scu simplicia
quae in Baldo sponte reperiuntur,
edit, primus, in aus. hist. ; edit. 2,
1 vol. 4to. Basil, 1608.
Portenschlag, pi. dalm. / ^ Portenschlng-Ledermeyer (Franc).
n , II J 1 s bnumeratio plantarum in Ualmatia
rortenscld. enum. dalm. ) , . , i o at- ,n^.
(^ lectarum, 1 vol.Svo. Vienna, 1824.
„ '■- '",','; . / Pourret (A.). Chloris Narbonensis
J our. in act. tnl. or tout, I . \ i ^ i o »i ,
„ , , , > in act. Acad. tol. See Mem. acad.
/ our. clilor. narb. I ,
Puurr. in mem. acad. tol. J
Presl, delic.
Pre.
Presl, sic.
Presl,
Presl, Jl. cech. Ibid. Floram ccchicam, 1 vol. 8vo. Prague,
1819.
Presl, sijmb. hot. Ibid. Symbolae botanicae, 1 fasc. fol. Prague,
1830.
Presl, in reliq Htenlc. Ibid. See Rel. Haenk.
Presl, mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
r, f Pronville (Aug. de). Nomenclature raison-
Pronv. nom. ros. I -j? ■'.- . ■■ ■
r, < nee des especes, varietes, et sous-vanetes
rronv. mon. ros. 1 , '^ ■ , ■„ r>-,n,.^
L du genre rosier, 1 vol. ovo. Pans, 1818.
Ph.Jl. amer. sept. 1
Pursh, jl. amcr. sept. Pursh (Fred.). Flora americana sep-
Pursh, Jl. bor. amcr. J- tentrionalis, 2 vols. 8vo. London,
Pursh, Jl. 1814.
Pursh. J
Pylaie, in jnurn. bot. De la Pylaie (Bachelot). See Journ. bot.
De la Pylaie, in ann. de la soc. Lin. par. Ibid. See Ann, Lin.
par.
Q.
Quer. Jl. esp. Du Query Martiner (Joseph). Flora espanola,
4 vols. 4to. Madrid, 1762-1764.
7, delic. "1 Presl (Carol Boriwogo). Deliciaa pragensis,
l,dcl.prag.] 1 vol. 8vo. Prague, 1822.
y_a ' ■ > Ibid. Flora sicula, 1 vol. 8vo. Prague, li
,/. sic. j ° '
1826.
R.
„ . .. ["Radius (Justus). Dissertatio de Pyrola et Chi-
r, ,', I- ' < maphila specimen primum botanicum, 4to.
Radd. diss. 1 i ' ■ iJoi
L Leipsig, 1821.
„ ,. , , rRaddi (Joseph). Memoir, flor. Brasil.
liadi. mem. pi. bras. ni .■ • \..- i- c- i
n , ' J Observationes in Atti di Sienna, vol.
,,",•,.""■'"• ) 9, and in memorie di Modena, vols. 1 8
haddi,mem. |^ ^_^j jg
Raddi, in act. soc. ital. Ibid. Set- Mem. soc. ital.
liaeusch. nom. Raeuschel (Em. Adam.). Nomenclator bota-
nicus omnes plantas deteclas enumerans, edit. 3d, 8vo.
Leipsig, 1797.
Raf. or Rafin. prosp. pamph. Rafincsque-Schmaltz (Charl.).
Prospetto della paniphysis sicula, 4to. Palermo, 1807.
Raf. or Rafin. car. sic. Ibid. Caratteri di alcuni nuovi Reneri
■^ -^ 5 Y
898
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
e nuove specie di piante della Sicilia, 1 vol. 8vo. Palermo,
1810.
Rajin. or Raf. giorn. "I Ibid. Specchio delle scienze o giornale
Raf. speech. J enciclopedico di Sicilia, 1 fasc. 1814.
Raf. or Rafin.Jl. hid. Ibid. Florula ludoviciana, 8vo. New
York, 1817.
Raf. or Rafin. chl. elhn. Ibid. Chlora sethnensis, 8vo. Pa-
lermo, 1813.
n r IF f Ibid. Lexicon of medical equivalents, 1830.
•^ ■ " ■ \ Append, to Med. fl., which see.
Raf. or RaJin. in journ. i^hys. Ibid. See Journ. phys.
Raf. in Sill, journ. Ibid. See Sillim. journ.
Rafin. or Raf. in Desv. journ. Ibid. See Desv. journ.
Rafin. in journ. but. Ibid. See Journ. hot.
Rafn. ros. amcr. in ann. sc. phys. ") Ibid. American roses. See
Raf. ros. amer. j Ann. sc. phys.
Rafin. med. rep. P^'^' ■'" '^^ New York medical
Rafin. New York med. rep.y '^fj''^/^' "^^"^ ''°''- ^™- ^"^
P . J J, ribid. Medical flora; or, A manual of me-
Kafin. mea.fi. I jij.^j ^^ ^P^^^ United States of North
Rafin. med serm.< America, 2 vols. 8vo. 1828-1830. Phila-
Rafin. med. disp. (^ jglphis.-
Ram, voy. Ramond (Louis Franc). Voyages au Mont Perdu,
1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1801.
Raw. enum. Raw (Ambros.). Enumeratio rosarum circa virce-
burgum crescentium, 8vo. Wirceburg, ISlfi.
n ' 1 l/^^^ > Rauwolf (Leonh.). Hodieporicum.
Ibid. Eigentliche Beschreibung der Reise in
den Morganlander, 1 vol. 4to. Langen, 1582-
1583.
D fRay (John). Synopsis stirpium botanicarum,
iuiy,syn. I ^ ^^j g^^_ London, 1690; edit. 2, 1696;
Rai.syn.hrit.^ edit. 3, 1724.
Rai, hist. 1 Ibid. Historia plantarum, 3 vols. fol. London,
Ray, hist.] 1686-1704,
Re, hibl. georg. Re (Filippo). Saggio bibliografia georgica,
1 vol. 8vo. Venice, 1802.
Re, viag. Ibid. Viagio al monte Ventarso ed alia terme di
guara nel Reggiano, 1 vol. 8vo. Milan, 1789.
Re,fi. seg. 1 Re (John Franc). Flora segusiensis, 1 vol. 8vo.
Re,fl. torin. j Turin, 1805.
Rebent, fl. neom. Rebentisch (John Fred.). Prodromus flora;
Neomarchicce, 8vo. Berlin, 1804.
Red. HI. Redoute (P. J.). Les liliacees, 8 vols. fol. Paris,
1802-1816. The text of the first 4 vols, by De Candolle ;
vols. 5, 6, and 7 by F. de la Roche, and vol. 8 by A. R,
Delile.
Red. ros. Ibid. Les roses, 4to. et fol. Paris, 1817, and fol-
lowing years. Text by Ant. Thory.
Rees' cycl. Rees (Abraham). The new encyclopedia. The
articles quoted are by Sir J. E. Smith.
Rec bot schrift f S'-'^'^'en der Regensbiirgischen botanischen
Reg. boi.ges. ' { Gcsellschaft, 8vo. Ratisbon, 1792, and
o a ^ loUowing years.
Reg. hot. zeit. Flora oder botanische Zeitung, 8vo. Ratis-
bon, 1 vol. yearly from 1803.
Regn. hot. Regnault (Sr. et De). La botanique mise i la
portee de tout le monde, 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1774.
Rehb. or Reichb. ubers. J Reichenbach (C. L.). Uebersicht der
Rchb. nbers. aeon. \ fg"j"g""g Acon.tum, Svo. Ratisbon,
Rauw. icon
Rauni. rais.
/-Ibid. jNIonographia generis Aconiti et Del-
Rchb ill \ P'''""' ^ ^°1* ^°^- Leipsig, 1823, and
p„/ 1 ' J following years ; or, Monographia Aconiti
T) ;;' ' J iconibus omnium specierumcoloratis illus-
Kchb. mon. aeon. I , . '^ • , , , ,
f trata latme et germanice elaborata, 1 vol.
^ fol. Leipsig, 1820.
Rchb. fl. germ. exc. Ibid. Flora germanica exsiccata, fol. Leip-
sig, 1830.
Rchb. pi. crit. Ibid. Iconographia botanica, seu plantas criticas,
4to. Leipsig, 1823.
Rchb. icon. exnt. Ibid. Iconographia botanica exotica, 4to.
Leipsig, 1827.
Rchb. hoit. hot. Ibid. Hortus botanicus, 4to. Leipsig, 1824.
n I, • fibid. Icones et descriptiones plantarum
Kclib. icon. . . ^ . I- .
n • I ■ J ranorum et mmus rite cotcnitarum,
netc/i. icon. s n , i . t ■ •
Rchb. icon. bot. eur.] ^Z^ ^^''''P*' ' ''°^- *'°- ^^^'P^'S'
L 1824.
Rchb. icon. but. Ibid. Iconographia botanica, 4 vols. 4to.
Leipsig, 1823-1826.
Rchb. in bot. zeil. li,j c r> x. ..
r> 7Z, • n S Ibin. bee Keg. bot. zeit.
Rchb. in flora. J °
Rchb. in Spreng. syst. Ibid. See Spreng. syst.
Reich, gen. Reichard (John Jacq.). Linnaa genera plantarum,
1 vol. 8vo. Frankfort, 1782.
Reich, syst. Ibid. Systema plantarum, 4 vols. 8vo. Frankfort,
1779-1780.
Reich, in Scrifl. nat. berol. freund. Ibid. See Schrift. berl.
nat. ges. freund.
Reinwdt. in Blum. cat. buitenz. Reinwardt (J. C). See Blum.
cat. hort. buit.
Reinwdt. in Blum, bijdr. Ibid. See Blum, bijdr.
Rel. Hank. Reliquiaa Hsenkeanse, 2 vols. fol. Prague, 1825,
and following years.
Rel. Hoiist. See Banks, rel. Houst.
Rel. IVilld. ReliquicB Willdenovianse.
Relh. cant. Relhan (Richard). Flora cantabrigiensis, 1 vol.
Svo. Cambridge, 1785.
Ren. or Renault, fl. orn. Renault (P. A.). Flore du departe-
ment del'orne, 1 vol. 8vo. Alengon, 1S04.
r, ' ', ' I Reneaulme (Paul). Specimen historian
lieneaulm, spec. > , ^ ^, ij^n- ■■,.,,
r> , ^ ■ I plantarum, 1 vol. 4to. Pans, 1611.
lieneaulm. spectm. J
Requien, in ann. sc. nat. \ x,
Req. in ann. sc. nat. par. j '
Retz. obs. Retzius (Andr. John). Observationes botanica,
6 fasc. fol. 1st edit. London, 1774; six different editions.
Retz. prod. "I Ibid. Florae scandinavise prodromus, edit. 2d, 8vo.
Retz. scan. J Leipsig, 1795.
Retz. in aet. acad. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Retz. phyt. bl. Ibid. See Handl. phys. salsk.
Reyn. in act. laus. Reynier (L.). See Mem. soc. laus.
TJi 1 1 [■ Van Rheede (Henry Andr.). Hortus in-
r>, j' , ' I < dicus malabaricus, 12 vols. fol. 1678-
liheea. hort. mat. ^ i-ns
{Richard (Louis Claude). Dictionnaire ele-
mentaire de botanique, par Bulliard ; aug-
mente et refondu, 1 vol. Svo. Paris,
1799.
Rich. anal, fruit. Ibid. Analyse du fruit, considere en general,
public par Duval, 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1808.
Rich. arch. eur. Ibid. De orchideis europeis adnotationes, 4to.
Paris, 1817.
Rich, in act. soe. hist. nat. par. "1 ji,- 1 o a . t ■ .
D' 1 J • , f , , '^ I Ibid. See Act. soc. hist. nat.
Kicnara, in act. hist. nat. par. >
Rich. act. soc. par. J P
uien. See Ann. sc. nat.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
899
Rich, calyccr. Ibid. Sur un famille des plantcs dites les Caly-
cerees, Ito. Paris, 1821.
Rich, in ann. mus. Ibid. See Ann, mus.
Rich, in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Rich. clem. Richard (Acliille). Elcmens de botanique, 1 vol.
8vo. Paris, 1819.
Rid / I o l^'^'''- ^lo'iographie du genre Hydrocotylc, Svo.
» /' 'r"^ ' I Bruxelles, 1820.
Hic/i. diss. J
Rich. med. bat. "1 Ibid. Botanique medicale, 1 vol.
Rich. (Ach.) in hot. med. J Svo. Paris, 1823.
Rich. mem. .toe. hist. nat. par. Ibid. See Mem. soc. hist. nat.
par.
Rich, in ann. sc. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
Rich, in ann. mus. Ibid. See Ann. mus.
Rich, in journ. phys. Ibid. See Journ. phys.
Rich, in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus,
Richardson (John). Flora
T,- I J ■ ri , , . i of the Polar resions,
Richards, in J'rankt. lourn. \ r ■ ?•
D- I E>- f J • r II 1 lormms an appendix to
Rich, or Richards, in trankl. ) r^ P i i- . •
, ' t/apt. rranklm s journey
T>-u'ij?'ii ■ J to the shores of the Polar
Aicnards. in trankl. narr. journ. § r, ,., in lo^r. ■, ^
•' f Sea, 1819-1822, 1 vol.
^ 4to. London, 1823.
Risso, hist, orang. Risso (A.). Histoire naturelle des orangers,
2 vols. 4to.
Risso, in ann. mus. Ibid. See Ann, mus.
Rivinus (Aug. Quirinus). Ordo plantarum
flore irregulari monopetalo, 1 vol. fol.
Leipsig, 1G90.
Riv. irr.
Rii\ mon. irr
Riv. tetr. irr. 1 tu- i /^ i i
D- • , . I Ibid, Ordo pi;
Km. irr. tetran. > .1,1
r> ., . ' I petalo, 1 vol,
hiv. tetrap. J '
antarum flore irregulari tetra-
fol. Leipsig, 1690.
Riv. pent. ~\
Ric. irr. pent. I Ibid. Ordo plantarum flore irregulari pen-
Riv. pctap. irr. f tapetalo, 1 vol. fol. Leipsig, 1699.
Riv. pent, irreg. J
Rob. icon. Robert (Nicolas). Icones plantan ni, fol. Paris,
1701.
Rodrig. in Lag. elench. madr. Rodriguez (Jos.). See Lag.
elench. hort. madr.
Rochet, del. pi. rar. hannat. Rochel (Anton.). Pflanzen Um-
risse aus dem siidlichen Kavpath des Bannats, 1 vol. Svo.
1820.
Rcem. mag. Rocmer (John Jacq.). Neues Magazin fiir die
Botanik, 1 vol. Svo. Zurich, 1794.
Rcem. arch. Ibid. Archiv fiir die Botanik, 3 vols. 4to. Leipsig,
1796-1805.
Rcem. coll. Ibid. Collectanea ad rem botanicam spectantia,
1 vol. 4to. Zurich, 1809.
{Ibid. Scriptores de plantis his-
panicis, lusitanicis, ct brasilien-
sibus, 1 vol. Svo. Nurnberg,
1796.
Rcem. eur. "1 Ibid. Flora Europaea, 10 fasc. Svo. Nurem-
Ram. ,fl. cur. / berg, 1797-1805.
Rcem. et Sehultes, sijst. Ibid, et Schultes (F. A.). Systema
vegetabilium, 7 vols. Svo. Stutgard, 181 7-1835, continued,
vols. 5 and 6 by Schultes alone, and vol. 7 by Schultes, filius.
Roem. et Schultes, manl. Ibid. Mantissa ad systema vegeta-
bilium.
Rcep. cuph. germ. Roeper (John). Enumeratio euphorbiarum
quae in Germania et Pannonia gignuntur, 4to, Gottingen,
1824.
Rwp. flora. Ibid. Sec Reg. bot. zeit.
}Ibid. Catalecta b
sig, 1797-1805.
botanica, 3 vols. Svo. Leip-
Roth, nov. sjiec.
Roth, enum. pi. phan. germ.
Roth, fl. germ.
Rohde, in Schrad. journ. Roiidc (Mich.). See Schrad. journ.
Rohl. deutschl.Jl. Rilhling (John Christ.). Dcutschlands Flora,
2 vols. Svo. Frankfort, 1812-1814.
Rohr, nat. gesch. Von Rohr (Jul. Bern.). Naturmiissige Ges-
chichte der von sich selbst wild, S;c., 1 vol. fol. Lcipsitr.
1732. ' '^
Rohr. in act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. Ibid. See Barlh. act.
hafn.
Roland, in act. holm. Rolander (Dan.). See Act. holm.
Rose. seit. Roscoe (William). Monandrian plants of the order
ScitamineaL, 1 vol. fol. Liverpool, 1 828.
Rose, in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Roth, beitr. Roth (Alb. Wilh.). Beitrage zur Botanik, 2 theil.
Svo. Bremen, 1782-1783.
Roth, ahhand. 1 Ibid. Botanische Abhandlungen und Bcobach-
Roth, ahh. J tungen, 4to. Nuremberg, 1787.
Roth, tent. fl. germ. Ibid. Tentamen florae germanicae, 3 vols.
Svo. Leipsig, 17SS-1801.
Roth, cat.
Roth, cat. bot.
Roth, cataleet.
Roth, bemcrk. Ibid. Botanische Bemerkungen, Svo. Leipsig,
1807.
Roth, neu. beylr. Ibid. Neue Beytriige zur Botanik, 1 vol. Svo.
Frankfort, 1802.
Roth, spec. J Ibid. Novae plantarum species prscsertim
\ Indiae orientalis, Svo. Halberstadt, 1821.
pibid. Manuale botanicum peri-
grinationibus botanicis ac-
commodatum, sive prodromus
enumcrationis plantarum pha-
nogamarum in Germania
sponte nascentium. Leipsig,
L 1830.
Roth, in atin. bot. Ibid. See Ann. bot.
Rotti). pi. rar. Hottboell (Christ. Finis.). Descriptiones plan-
tarum rariorum programma, 4to. Copenhagen, 1776.
Rottb. desc. rar. Ibid. Descriptiones et icones plantarum ra-
riorum, &c., 1 vol. Copenhagen, 1773.
Rottb. pi. hort. prog. Ibid. Plantas horti universitatis pro-
gramma, I vol. Svo. Copenhagen, 1773.
Rottb. pi. sur. Ibid, Descriptiones plantarum rariorum suri-
namensium, fol. Copenhagen, 1776.
Rcttb in act. hafn. j jj^jj See Act. h.afn,
Rottb. in nov. act. hajn. J
Rottb. in coll. hafn. Ibid. See Coll. soc. med. hafn.
Rotll. in ll'illd. spec. Rottler (Rev. Dr.). See Willd. spec.
Rottl. in nov. act. berol. 1 Ibid. See Neu schrift. ges.
Rottl. in nov. act. nat. cur. berol. J nat. freund. berol.
Rotll. et Willd. in nov. act. nat. cur. berol. Ibid, et Willdenow.
See Neu schrift. ges. nat. freund. berol.
Roxb. smeit. Roxburgh (William). Description of a new species
of Sweitenia, 4to. London, 1773.
Roxb. hort. bcng.
Roxb. cat.
Roxb. cat. calc.
fibid. Plants of the coast of Corom.indcl, pub-
Iloxb. cor. I ij^i^g^j ^,^jg^ ,,,g direction of Sir Joseph
Roxb.corom. ^ Banks, 3 vols. fol. 1795.
f Ibid. Alphabetical list of plants seen
I in the island of St. Helena, form-
Roxb. in Beats. St. Ilel. J j^^^ ,,„ ajipendix to Beatson's
I (Alex.) tracts relative to the island
of St. Helena, 4io. London, 1816.
^ ,"; Y 2
Ibid. Hortus bengalensis ; or, a catalogue,
iS;c., 1 vol. Svo. Calcutta, 1811.
et.l
Roxb. in Beats, trav. voy. \
900
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Roxh.Jl. ind.
Roxh.Jl. ind. ed. Car.
Ibid. Flora indica, edited by W. Ca-
rey, D.D., and N. Wallicli, 2 vols.
8vo. Serampore, 1S20, 1824.
Roxb. Jl. ind. Ibid. Flora Indica, 3 vols. 8vo. Serampore,
1832.
Roxb. in asiat. res. Ibid. See Asiat. res.
Roxb. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Roxb. in Wall. cat. Ibid. See Wall. cat.
Roxb. in JVilld. spec. Ibid. See Willd. spec.
Roxb. mus. ind. Ibid. Drawings in the East India Company's
museum.
Roy. or Rotjev. lugd. bat. Van Royen (Adrianus). Florae ley-
densis prodromus, e.xhibens plantas horti Lugduno-Batavi,
1 vol. 8vo. Leyden, 1740.
Roz. journ. 1 n ■ /-n not i
r> ■ ■ , I > Kozier (r ranc). see Journ. phys.
Kozier, journ. ae pliys. J
{Royle (Jolin Forbes). Illusirations of
the botany, &c. of the Himalayan
mountains and of the floras of Cash-
mere, 4to. London, 1833-1837.
Royle, in IVight. contrib. ind. bol. Ibid. See Wight, contrib.
ind. hot.
Royle, herb. Ibid. His herbarium.
Royle, mss. Ibid. His mss. names.
Riidb. cat. hort. ups. Rudbeek (Olaus). Catalogus plantarum
horti upsaliensis, 12mo. Upsal, 1658.
Rudb. elys. Ibid. Campi elysii libri duo, 4to. Upsal, 1701.
T> > . fRudse (Edward). Plantarum suianae rario-
Kudge, sman. I = ^. \ , ■ ,■ o i r i
n J 1 ■ < rum icones et descriptiones, 2 vols. lol.
Rudg. pi. gumn. ^ 1805-1806.
Rudge, in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Rudolph, Jl. gen. Rudolph (John Henr.). Floras jenensis poly-
andria-monogynia, 4to. Jena, 1781.
Rudolph, in act. acad. pietrop. Rudolph (John Franc). See Act.
acad. petrop.
Riid. in mem. pctersb. "1
Rud. in mem. acad. petersb. >Ibid. See Mem. acad. so. petersb.
Rud. in mem. sci. petersb. J
Rudolph, in Schrad. journ. Ibid. See Schrad. journ.
Ruiz, quin. 1 Ruiz (Hipolito). Quinologia o tralado, &c.
Ruiz, quinol. J Madrid, 1792.
' Ibid, et Pavon (Jos.). Florse pe-
ruvianse et chilenses prodromus,
1 vol. fol. Madrid, 17U4.
Ruiz et Pav. syst. "1 Ibid. Systema vegetabilium flora
Ruiz et Pav. syst.fl. per. > peruvianse et chilensis, 1 vol. 8vo.
Ruiz et Pav.jl. per. syst. J Madrid, 1798.
Ruiz et Pav. Jl. per. Ibid. Flora peruviana et chilensis, 3 vols.
fol. Madrid, 1798-1799; vols. 4-5 unpublished, but pre-
pared.
Ruiz et Pav. quinol. suppl. Ibid. Supplementum al quinologia,
8vo. Madrid, 1801.
Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Ibid, in theLambertian herbarium.
Rumph. amb. Rumphius (George Everh.). Herbarium amboi-
nense, 7 vols. fol. Amsterdam, 1751,
Rupp.Jl. gen. Ruppius (Henr. Bern.). Flora genensis, 1 vol.
8vo. Frankfort, 1718; ed. 2d, 1726; ed. 3rd, by Haller
(Alb.), 1745.
Russ. beseh. alep, "| Russell (Alex.). Natural history of
Russ. nat.hist. alep. > Aleppo, 1 vol. 4to. London, 1756;
Rttss. alep. J ed. 2d, 4to. London, 1794.
Ruiz et Pav. prod.Jl. per.
Ruiz et Pav. prod.
S.
Ibid. Paradisus londinensis,
London, 1805-1808.
vols. 4to.
Sabh. ram.
Sabb. hort
}Sabbati (Liberatus). Hortus romanus,
7 vols. fol. Rome, 1772-1784.
Sabin. in Lin. trans, Sabine (Joseph). See Lin. trans.
Sab. or Sabin. in hort. trans. Ibid. See Hort. trans.
Sabin. in bot. reg. Ibid. SeeEdw. bot. reg.
Sal. or Salisb. jirod. Salisbury (Richard Anthony). Prodro-
mus stirpium horto ad Chapel Allerton, 1 vol. 8vo. London,
1796.
Sal. icon. rar. Ibid. Icones stirpium rariorum, 1 fasc. fol.
London, 1791.
Sal. or Salisb. par.
Sal. par. lond.
Sal. parad.
Sal. or Salisb. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Sal. in horl. trans. Ibid. See Hort. trans.
Sal. or Salisb. in ann. bot. Ibid. See Ann. bot.
Sal.wob. Salictum woburnense, 1 vol. 4to. London, 1829.
Salm. cat. | Salm-Dyck (Jos. Prince). Verzeichniss des Ge-
Salm. aloe. J schlechts Aloe.
Salm-Dyck. obs. \ Ibid. Observationes botanicse in horto
Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. J Dyckensi notatae. Cologna, 1820.
Salm-Dyck. in litt. Ibid. In letters.
Salzm. enum. Salzmann (Phil.). Enumeratio plantarum rario-
rum quas collegit, 8vo. Montpelier, 1818.
Salzm. pi. exsic. Ibid. His dried specimens of plants.
Salzm. pi. bras, exsic. Ibid. His dried specimens of Brazilian
plants.
Salzm. pi. tang. Ibid. Dried specimens of plants collected by
him about Tangiers.
Salmz. injlora. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Santi viag. Santi (George). Viaggij per la Toscana, 3 vols.
8vo. Pisa, 1795-1806.
Samml. schrift. dansk. Nye Sammlung af del kongelige Danske
videns kabens selskabs schriften, 4to. Copenhagen, 1791,
and following years.
Savi.Jl. pis. \ Savi (Cajetanus or Catan). Flora pisana, 2 vols.
Savi, pis. / 8vo. Pisa, 1798.
Savi, cent. Due centurie di piante app. a la flora Etrusca, 1 vol.
8vo. Pisa, 1804.
Sav. mat. nied. \ Ibid. Materia medica vegetabile toscana,
Savi, mat. med. J 1 vol. fol. Florence, 1805.
Savi, fl. etrusc. "1 tu-j r> . • . , i o
r. • '^. I Ibid. Botanicon etruscum, 4 vols. Svo.
Savi, etrusc. > „. , o„o ,ar,r
(,•,,. f Pisa, 1808-1825.
oavi, bot. etrusc. J
Savi, obs. trij. Ibid. Observationes in variis trifoliorum spe-
cies, 1 vol. 8vo. Florence, 1810.
Savi, alb. tosc. Ibid. Trattato degli alberi della Toscana,
2 vols. Svo. Florence, 1801 ; edit. 2d, 1811.
Savi, in Santi viag. Ibid. See Santi viag.
Savi, mem. plant, nuov. 1 Ibid. Memoria sopra alcune nuove
Savi, mem. piant, j specie di piante, 4to. Florence.
Savi, mem. cucurb. Ibid. Memoria sopra una piante cucurbi-
tacese (Benincasa), Svo. Milan, 1818.
o • ribid. Memoires sur le genres Phaseolus et
iiavt, mem. I t-v v i n- j. .i
c. • J- I < Uolicnos. risa, 4to. t! e continuation,
davt, diss. phas. | igZi,
Savi, Jl. ital. Ibid. Flora italiana ossia raccolta delle piante
le pin belle che se cultivano nei giardini d'ltalia, fol. Pisa,
1818, and following years.
Savi, jnrd. pis. Savi (G.). Notices sur le jardin botanique et
de la museum d'histoire naturelle de I'universite de Pisa, from
nuov giorn de litterati, 1827.
Savig. in Lam. diet. Savigny (J. C). See Lam. 'diet.
Sauv. monsp. De Sauvages (F. B.). Melhodus foliorum, seu
plantae florae monspeliensis, Svo. Hague, 1751.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
901
Sbld. in act. honn. Sicbold (Dr.Von). See Nov. act. bonn.
Sc/uDi^'iii, in Pall, neu nord. bajlr. Schangin (I'etr.). See Pall.
nord. beitr.
Schiede et Deppe in Linn^a. See Linnaja.
Schiede et Deppe, mss. Ibid. Tlieir manuscript names.
Schimper, in bol. zeit. Scbimper (Charles). See Reg. bot. zeit.
Schimpcr, in sclr. mag. 1 ,, . , c? -~,.
e I • ' * , " > Ibid, bee Oieg. maff.
icliimp. mag. pharm. J 05
fcS-«/!r; bot.fandb. V'l^.^l'^^^Y'''^- ^"\''"'^''f ''f "''■
Schk.hund. J buch, 3voIs. Wutemberg, 1791.
Schkuhr, man. bot. Ibid. Manuale botanicum sistens plantas
Europae. Edited by Franc. Schwsegrichen, 1 vol. 8vo.
Leipsig, 1803.
Schkuhr, in Ust. ann. Ibid. See Ust. ann.
Schleclit, anim. ran. Schlechtenda! (Dieter.). Animadversiones
in ranunculeas Candollii, 4to. Berlin, 1819-1820.
Schlecht, in berl. mag. Ibid. See Berl. mag.
Schleeht et Cham, in Linncea. Ibid, et Chamisso (Adilb.). See
LinnEea.
Schlecht. adumh. Ibid. Adumbrationes plantarum, 3 fasc.
Berlin, 1825-182G.
Schl. pi. helc. "] Schleicher (J. C). Catalog! planta-
Schleich. cat. > rum helvetia; exsiccatarum ab anno,
Schleich. cat.pl. exs. j 1794-1821.
Schleich, cent, exsic. Ibid. A century of dried plants of Swit-
zerland.
Schleich, exsic. Ibid. Dried specimens of Sv.iss plants collected
by himself.
,,,.,, , , r Schmidt (Franz.). Oestreichs allgemeine
hchmidl, CEst. bawii. ] ., ^ ,. ,, , 1 c , -i,- ° ivno
,,,.,' , < IJaumzucht, 2 band. tol. Vienna, 1792-
Schmidt, arb. | 1 704
Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. Ibid. See Roem. arch.
^^■chmidt, Ji bohem.^^^^^.^^^ (Franz. Willib.). Flora bohe-
Schmult, bohem. S ^^ ^ ^,^|^_ P^l_ p^^ 1793-1794.
Schm.JI. boh. J
Schmidt, neu bohem. 1 Ibid. See Abhand. neu
Schmidt, in neu abhand. bohrn. ges. j bohm.
Schmied. icon. Schmiedel (Cas. Christ.). Icones plantarum.
1 vol. fol. Norimberg, 1782.
Schmied. diss. bot. Ibid. Dissertationes botanici argumenti,
1 vol. 4to. Erlang, 1783.
Schmied. in op. Gesn. Ibid. See Gesn. op.
f Schneevogt (G. Voorhelm). Icones plan-
Schneev. icon. I ^^^^^ rariorum, 2 fasc. fol. Harlem,
Schneevogt. icon. | j-g^
Schntt, in Spreng. sijst. Schott (Henry). See Spreng. syst.
Schott, in iiis. Ibid, in Isis Von Oken, 4lo. Jena and Leipsig,
continued.
Schott, in Pohl, pi. bras. Ibid. See Pohl, pi. bras.
Schott, mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
Schoiisb. mar. beob.^ .Scliousboe (P. K. A.). Jagttagelser over
Schousb. mar. > Voextrige i Marocca, 1 vol. 4to. Kio-
Schousb. maroc. J benhabn, 1800.
Schrad. gen. sel. Schrader (Christ. Fred.). Genera plantarum
seleetae, 1 vol. 8vo. Halle, 1780.
Schrad. spic. f Schrader (Henry Adolph.). Spicilegium florae
Schrad. spicil. \ germanicEC, 1 vol. 8vo. Hanover, 1794.
Schrad. sert. hann. Ibid. Sertum hannoverianum, 4 fasc. fol.
Gottingen, 179.5-1797.
Schrad. ncv. jien. Ibid. Nova plantarum genera, 1 Htsc. fol.
Leipsig, 1797.
Ibid. Journal fiir die Botanik, 10 fasc.
}Ibid. CommentHtio de veron'cis spicatis,
8vc "" ■
I observationibus illus-
Schrad. jnurn. bot.
Schrad. jo urn. r . ^ ■
Schrad. diarr. bot. ^ *'^°- GoUingen, 1799-1803.
Schrad. neu.journ. bot. "1 Ibid. Neucs Journal fiir die Botanik,
Schiad.neu.journ. J 8 fasc. 8vo. Gottingen, 1805-1810.
Schrad. crnnm. ver. ^ •• ■ • "
Schrad. rer. / 8vo. Gottingen, 1803.
Schrad. Jl. germ. Ibid. Flora germanica, 1 vol. Gottingen,
1800.
Schrad. icon. "1 Ibid. Genera nonnulla observatic
Schrad. gen. ill. j trata, 4to. GiJttingen, 1808.
Schrad. verb. Ibid. Monographia generis Verbasci, 2 parts,
4to. Gottingen, ab. 1813.
Schrad. diss, de gen. Blumenh. Blumenbachia novum e Loase-
arum familia genus, 4to. GoUingen, 1827.
Schrad. in g'oll. anz. See Gtitt. anz.
Schrad. Spreng. et Link, Jahr. Ibid. See Link Jahr.
Schrad. cat. sent. hort. giitt. "1 Ibid. Catalogue of the seeds
Schrad. sem. hort. g'utt. > collected in the botanic gar-
Schrad. cat. hort. gott. J den at Gottingen.
Schrad. hort. gi'itl. Ibid. Hortus Gottingensis, 1 vol. fol. 18U9-
1813.
Schrad. in Wendl. sert. han. Ibid. See Wendl. sert. ban.
Schrad. in comm. soc. gott. Ibid. See Comm. giitt.
Schrad. diss, ex D. C. prod. Ibid. D. C. prod.
Schrad. dansk. Ibid. See Schrift. dansk.
Schrank, bav. "I Schrank (Franc. Von Paula). Baiersche flora,
Schrank,Jl. bav. J 2 band. Svo. Munich, 1789.
Schrank, pi. rar. hort. mon.~^
Schrank, hort. mon. \ Ibid. Plantae rariores horti mona-
Schrank, pi. rar, y censis, .5 vols. fol. Munich,
Schrank, mon. 1817-1819.
Schrank, pi. mon. J
Schrank, Jl. sal. Primitiac florae salisburgensis, 1 vol. Svo.
Frankfort, 1792.
Schrank, in Ust. ann. Ibid. See Ust. ann.
Schranck, in flora. 1 ,
Schrank, in bot. zeit. ]
Schranck, acad. mun.
Schrank, in act. acad.monach. ^Ibid. See Abhand. acad. wiss.
Schranck, akad. munch, philos. _
Schrank. in bot. beob. baier. ges. Ibid. See Beob. densk, baier.
Schrank, in densk. acad. wiss. Ibid. See Abhand. acad. wiss.
Schrank, in syll. pi. soc. ratisb. Ibid. See Syll. pi. soc. bot.
ratisb.
Schrank et Mart. hort. mon. Catalogue des plantes cultivees
dans le jardin royal de Munich, 6, par MM. Schrank et
Martins. Munich et Leipsig, 1829.
Von Schreber (John Christ. Dan.) Icones
plantarum minus cognitarum, decas 1. fol.
Halle, 1766.
Schreb. unilab. Ibid. Plantae verticillatse unilabiatae, 4to.
Leipsig, 1774.
Schreb. gen. Ibid. Linnsci genera plantarum, 2 vols. 8vo.
Frankfort, 1789.
Schreb. mant. mat. med. Ibid. Mantissa editiones quartae mate-
ria mcdicte Linnaei, 8vo. Erlang, 1732.
Schreb. spicil. Ibid. Spicilegium florae, Svo. Leipsig, 1 771.
Schreb. in nov. act. bonn. 1 ,^;j g^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^onn.
fichreb. in nov. act. nal. cur. j
Schrift. berl. ges. nal. frcund. Schriften der Berlinischen_^Ge-
sellschaft raturforschender Freunde, 6 vols. 8vo. Berlin, 1 780-
1786.
Schrift. densk. Det Kongelige denske Landliurz holdmgs-stl-
skabs Schrifter, 4 vols. Svo. Kiobenhavn, 1776-1 794.
Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Schreb. icon. sel.
Schreb. dec.
902
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Schrifl. marh. Schiiften der Gesellschaft zur Beforderung
der gesammten Naturwissenschaften zu Marburg, 1823.
Schullcs, obs. \ Schultes (F. A.). Observationes botanicae,
Schidt. obs. bol. J 1 vol. 8vo. iEnepont, 1809.
Schidt. cEstr.Ji. 1 Ibid. Oestreichs Flora, 2 band. 8vo. Wein.
Schult.fl.aust.] 1794.
Schult. anleit. Ibid. Anleitung zum grundiclien Studium der
Botanik, 8vo. Wein, 1817.
Schult. syst. Ibid. See Roem. et Schult. syst.
Schultz, stadg. Schultz (Carol. Frid.). Prodromus florae stad-
gardiensis, 8vo. Berlin, 1806. Supplementum, 1819.
Schultz, in nov. act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
rSchumacher (Christ. Fred.). Enu-
Schum. zeel. I '"eratio plantarum iti partibus Sse-
r.j ' ; I 7 -s landia- septentrionalis et orientalis,
licnum. enum. pL. scEland. } „ „' y~, , , „,
' 2 parts. Svo. Copenhagen, 1801-
t 1803.
Schum. pi. gum. Ibid. Description des plantes de Guinea, in
Kongl. vidensk selskabs naturvid og mathem. abhand. 4th vol.
1828.
Schum. act. soc. nat. hafn. Ibid. See Act. hafn.
Schweigg.Jl. erl. Schweigger (Aug. Frid.). Flora erlangensis,
8vo. Erlang, 1811.
Schwein. in ann. lye. A. Schvveiniz (Louis Dan.). See Ann.
lye.
Schwein, inamerjourn. See Amer. journ.
Schwein. in Sill, journ. Ibid. See Sillim. journ.
Scop. A. earn. fScopoli (John Anton.). Flora carniolica,
Seop.earn. ed. 2d. i l ^f f"" Vienna, 1768; ed. 2d,
■■ L 2 vols. 8vo. Vienna, 1//2.
Scop. del. ins. T
Seop.del.insub. I Ibid. DelicicB florae insubrica?, 3 vols. fol.
Scop. del. 7 Ticin, 1786-1788.
Scop, introd. J
Seb thes rSeba(Alb.). Locupletissimi rerum naturalium
Seb'n fhet 1 thesauri descriptio, 4 vols. fol. Amsterdam,
' {_ 1734-1765.
Sebast. pi. rom. Sebastiani (Anton.). Romanarum plantarum
fasciculi, 2 vols. 4to. Rome, 1813-1815.
Seb. et Maur.Jl. rom. \^^''^- ""^ '^^^"" (Ernest). Flo-
Sebast, et Maur. prod. ft. rom. i "■* /o'^an* prodromus,
^ -^ 1^ 1 vol. 8vo. Rome, 1818.
Seq. bibl. Sequier (John Franc). Bibliotheca botanica, 1 vol.
4to. Hague, 1740.
Seq. fi. ver. ^
Seq. ver. I Ibid. Plantae veronenses, 3 vols. Svo.
Sequier, pi. ver.- r Verona, 1745-1754.
Sequier, pi. veron. J
Ser. pi. sel. cent. fSeringe (N. C). Herbier portatif des
Ser. herb. alp. exsic. i ^'P'^" ^ centuries, 8vo. Bern, 1812-
(_ 1814.
Ser. sal. helv. Ibid. Essai d'une monographic des sanies de la
Suisse, 1 vol. 8vo. Bern, 1815.
Ser. mus. helv. Ibid. Mussee helvetique d'histoire naturelle,
partie botanique, 4 vols. 4to. Bern, 1818-1823.
Ser. mel. bot. Ibid. Melanges botaniques, 2 vols. 8vo. Bern,
1818.
Ser. mss. 1 n • i • T^
Ser. in D. C. prod. / ^'"''- '" ^- C- piod., which see.
Ser. ros. Ibid. Rosse exsiccata?, fol. Bern, 1818.
Ser. diss, in mem. soc. hist. nat. gen. "1 Ibid. See Mem. soc.
Ser, diss, in mem. soc. gen. j phys. gen.
Scssc et Moc.Jl. mex. ined. See Moc. et Sesse, pi. mex. ined.
Sest. viagg. Sestini (Dominic). Viaggio das Bucharest a Con-
stantinopoli, 8vo. 1794.
Sest. in Willd. spec. Ibid. See Willd. spec.
„, J. rShavv (Thomas). Travels in Barbary and the
c,, ' I *. < Levant, 1 vol. fol. Oxford, 1738 ; supple-
iShaw, barb. ] ^ '.„ ' ir
L ment, 1746.
Sibth. oxon. Sibthorp (John). Flora oxoniensis, 1 vol. 8vo.
Oxford, 1794.
Sibth. el Smith, Jl. grcec. Ibid. Florae grsecae, edited by Sir
J. E. Smith, 6 vols. fol. London, 1806, continued.
Sibth. el Smith, prod. Jl. grcec. Ibid. Florae grsecae prodro-
mus, 2 vols. 8vo. Loixlon, 1806-1810.
Sieb. pi. exsic. Sieber (Franc. William). Dried specimens of
plants of Mauritius, New Holland, Crete, Martinique, &c.
Sieb. herb. cret. Ibid. A herbarium collected by him in the
island of Candia.
Sieb. pi. sen. exsic. \ Ibid. Dried specimens of plants col-
Sieb. j)l. exsic. scncg. J lected by him in Senegambia.
Sieb. pi. nov. holl. \ Ibid. Dried specimens of plants
Sieb. 2)1. exsic. nov. holl. J collected by him in New Holland.
Sieb. ])l. trin. Ibid. Dried specimens of plants collected by
him in the island of Trinidad.
Sieg. 2>rim. Siegesbek (John George). Primitiae florae petro-
politanae, 4to. Riga, 1736.
Sieges, in Lin. amcen. Ibid. See Lin. amcen.
Sievers, in Pall. nord. bcytr. See Pall. nord. beytr.
Sill. amer. journ. Silliman (Professor). American journal of
science, 16 vols. 8vo. continued.
Sims, bot. mag. Sims (John). See Curt. bot. mag.
Sims et Keen. ann. bot. Ibid, et Kcenig (Charles). Annals of
botany, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1805-1806.
Sincl. hart. gram. Sinclair (George). Hortus gramineus wo-
burnensis, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1825.
Sloan, cat. Sloane (Sir Hans). Catalogus plantarum Jamaicas,
1 vol. Svo. London, 1696.
Sloan, hist. ~] Ibid. A voyage to Madeira, Barbadoes,
Sloan, jam. hist. > Neves, St. Christopher, and Jamaica, &c.,
Sloan, jam. J 2 vols. fol. London, 1767.
c. •,, • ■ , r Smith (Sir James Edward). Plantarum
omitli, icon. ined. I • ^, , • i- a r t i
c. ■,, I , < icones hactenus ineditse, 3 lasc. London,
Snuth, pi. med. | lygg.i^gi.
Smith, icon. pict. "1 lu- 1 t • .. i •
o ■,, ■ ' I Ibicl. Icones pictse plantarum rariorum,
Snuth, p>et. ^ sfasc.fol. London, 1790-1793.
/Smith, icon, rar. J
Smith, spicil. Ibid. Spicilegium botaniciim, 2 fasc. fol.
London, 1791-1792.
Smith, engl. bol. Ibid. English botany, 36 vols. Svo. London,
1790-1814. The drawings by J. E. Sowerby.
Smith, Jl. grcec. Ibid. See Sibth. et Smith, fl. grase.
Smith, insect. georg. Ibid. See Abbot, insect, georg.
Smith, nov. holl. Ibid. A specimen of the botany of New
Holland, 1 vol. 4to. London, 1793.
Smith, tracts. Ibid. Tracts relating to natural history, 1 vol.
Svo. London, 1798.
Smith, Jl. brit. Ibid. Flora britannica, 3 vols. Svo. London,
1800-1804.
Smith, compcnd. \ Ibid, Compendium florae britannica;, 3d edit.
Smith, com]). j 1 vol. 12mo. 1818.
Smith, exot. bot. Ibid. Exotic botany, 2 vols. Svo. London,
1804-1806.
Smith, intr. Ibid. Introduction to physiological and systema-
tical botany, 1 vol. Svo. edit. 3d. 1813.
Smith, engl.Jl. Ibid. English flora, 4 vols. Svo. London,
1824-1826.
Smith, prod. Jl. grcec. Ibid. See Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. graec.
Smith, in Rees' cycl. Ibid. See Rees' cycl.
Smith, in Lin. trans. Ibitl. See Lin. trans.
Smith, in Biich. can. Smith (Christian). See Buch. can.
Smith (C.J, in hort. berol. Ibid. See Willd. hort. berol.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
903
Sol. or Soland. in Lin. trans. Solander (Dan. Charl.). See
Lin. trans.
Sol. or Soland. in Ait. Iiort. kew. Ibid. See Ait. liort. kevv.
Sol. or Soland. in herb. Banks. Ibid. See Banks, herb.
Sole, menth. brit. Sole (William). Mentha; britannicoe, fol.
Bath, 1798.
Sonner. trav. "] r, ^ zn . \ ir ^ i
c, i' oonnerat (letr. ). Vovase a la nou-
c. ,••' ! velle Ouinee, 4to. Fans, 17^5, et
bonn. itiii. > T 1 /^ • 1 \
r, , I voyages aux Indes Orientales et il
oonneral, voy. , v.,"- ., t> ■ i ^ci
r. ' ■' . la Chine, 4to. Pans, 1782.
oonn. voy. nov. gum. J
S 'l^ ' " I J f f Sowerby (Jarnes). See Smith, engl. bot.
Sorverh. or Sonerby, in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Sparm, itin. Sparmann (Andr.). A voyage to the Cape of
Good Hope, 2 vols. 4to. London, 1785, English edition.
Sparm. in act. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Sparm. in act. vps. Ibid. See Act. ups.
Speech, vin. Speechly (William). A treatise on the culture of
the vine, 1 vol. 8vo. York, 1790.
Spin. cat. TDeSpin. Le jardin de Saint Sebastian,
Spin. cat. hort. < avec des notes sur quelques plantes
Spin. jard. et Seb. [^ nouvelles, 1 vol. Svo. Turin, 1818.
Spix et Mart, reise bras. See Mart, reise.
c „ I rSprengel (Kurt). Anleitung zur Kentniss
J °' ,'•. < der Gewachse in Briefen, 2 vols. Svo.
Spreng. anleit. )^ j^^,j^_ j^g,, . ^j ^^.^ 1817-1818.
Spreng. umb. \ Ibid. Species umbelliferarum minus cog-
Spreng. spec. umb. j nitas illustratse, 1 vol. 410. Halle, 1818.
Spreng. nov. prov. Ibid. Novi proventus hortorum Halensis et
Berolinensis, 1 vol. Svo. Halle, 1818.
Spreng. narc. consp. Ibid. Narcissorum conspectus, Svo.
Halle, 1826.
c. ,, rlbid. Neue Entdeckungen im ganzen
Spreng. neu. entd. I tt r i nia i i , i o
J^ '^ . , < Umfang der FHanzenkunde, 1 vol. Svo.
apreng. neue, entd. \ , . .» ,,,n„ -.one
•' ° (^ Leipsig, 1820-1822.
Spreng. grundz. Ibid. Grundsiitzederwissenschaftlichen Pflan-
zenkunde zu Vorlesungen, 1 vol. Svo. Leipsic, 1820.
Spreng. cat. hort. hal. Ibid. Catalog! varii plantarum horti
Halensis, 1 vol. Svo. Halle, 1S08, and following years.
Spreng. Jl. hal. Ibid. Florae halensis tentamen novum, 1 vol.
Halle, Svo. 1805.
c. , fibid. Mantissee florae halensis cum
Spreng. mant. I . . , ^
J ° J, , , I < centuria novarum plantarum, Svo.
Spreng.Jl.hal. suppl.^ Halle, 1807.
Spreng. obs. Ibid. Observationes botanicae in florem halen-
sem, 1 vol. Svo. Halle, 1811.
Spreng. hist, rei herb. Ibid. Historia rei herbariae, 2 vols.
Svo. Amsterdam, 1807.
Spreng. umb. prod. Ibid. Plantarum umbelliferarum denuo
dispone ndarinn prodromus, 1 vol. Svo. Halle, 1S13.
Spreng. pug. ~j ibid. Plantarum minus cognitarum
Spreng. pugil. > pugillus primus et pugillus secundus.
Spreng. pi. min. cogn. J Halle, 1813 and 1S15.
Spreng. syst. Ibid. Systema vegetabilium, 5 vols. Svo. Got-
tingen, 1822-1827.
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. Ibid. See Roem. et Schultes, syst.
Spreng. syst. cur. post. \ Ibid. Curoe posteriores in systema
Spreng. cur. post. J vegetabilium. Gcittingen, 1827.
Spreng. syst. tent, suppl. Ibid. Tentamen supplenienii ad sys-
tematis vegetabilium, &c. Gottingen, 1S2S.
Spreng. in herb. Balb. Ibid. In the Balbisean herbarium.
Spreng. in act- acad. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Spreng. in act. acad. petrop. Ibid. See Act. acad. petrop.
Spreng. in mem. soc. 7)iosc. Ibid. See Mem. mosc.
Spreng. in not-, act. bonn. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Spreng. in bcrl. mag. Ibid. See Verhand. ges. nat. bcrol.
Spreng. in Schrad. journ. Ibid. See Sclirad. journ.
St. Am. voy. pyr. f ^"^ '^aint Amans (Jean Florimond). Frag-
St Am vou 1 "^"^ "" voyage dans les Pyrenees, 1 vol.
' ' J- [_ 8vo. Metz, 17S9.
St. Amans,rec. Ilbid. Recucil des travaux dc la societe
St. AmanSfJl. agric. J d'agriculture d'Agens, 1 vol.
rSaint Hilaire (Auguste). Florae Brasilia;
St. Hil. Jl. bras. \ meridiunalis, 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1824,
St. Hil. bras. | and following years, assisted by Adrien
I Jussieu and J. Cambessedes.
St. Hil. pi. usuell.
St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras.
St. Hil. pi, usu, bras.
Ibid. Plantes usuelles des Brasiliens,
1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1827.
(^Histoire des plantes les plus re-
St. Hil. pi. rem. bras.
Sh Hil. (Aug.) pi. rem. bras.
markables du Bresil et du Pa-
raguay, comprenant leur de-
scription et des dissertations
sur leurs rapports, leurs
usages. Sec, 3 vols. 4to.
Paris, 1824.
St. Hil. append, voy. Ibid. Voyage au Bresil, dans les pro-
vinces de Rio de Janeiro et des Minas Geraes, appendix,
2 vols. Svo. Paris, 1830.
St. Hil. mem. plac. lib. 1 t, • , r>, , ,., . m
St. Hil. plac, lib. y^''\ . T'^^"""* ''^"' '" ^^""'- '^"'•>
St. Hil. plac. / "'""^'^see.
St. Hil. in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
St. Hil. bull, philom. Ibid. See Bull, pliilom.
St. Hil. in ann. sc. nat. par. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat. par.
St. Hil. mss. Ibid. His manuscript names.
St. Hil. fam. nat. See Jaume, fam.
St. Hil.fi.fr. See Jaume, fl. fr.
Stark, in Schrad. journ. Starke (S.). See Schrad. journ.
Staunt. Macartn. embass. Staunton (Sir George). An authentic
account of an embassy to China, 2 vols. 4to. London,
1797.
Stechm. diss, artem. Stechmann (John Paul). Dissertatio de
artemisiis, 1 vol. 4to. Gotingen, 1775.
Steph. stirp. mosc. Stephan (Fred.). Enumeratio stirpium agri
Mosquensis, Svo. Moscow, 1792.
Steph. icon, mosc. Ibid. Icones plantarum mosquensium, de-
cades 1-2, fol. Moscow, 1795.
Step)h. in JVilld. spec. Ibid. See Willd. spec.
Steph. in Schultes, syst. Ibid. See Schultes, syst.
Steph. in mem. mosc. 1 n • i n' ^ r
c, I > Ibid, bee Mem. mosc.
iteph. mem, soc. mosc. J
Steph, et Church, med, bot. Stephenson (John) and Churchill
(James Mors). Medical botany, 4 vols. Svo. London, 18J1.
Slernb. enum. sax.l Sternberg (Graf. Kasp.). Revisio saxi-
Sternb, rev, sax, > fragarum iconibus illustrata, 1 vol. fol.
Sternb, sax, J Ratisbon, 1810.
Sternb. in bot, zeit. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Slernb. in Sturm, deutschl, fi. Ibid. See Sturm, deutschl. H.
Steud, nom, Steudel (Ernest). Nomenclator botanicus, 2 vols.
Svo. Stuttgard, 1821-1824.
Stev. ped. \ Steven (C). Monographia pedicularis, in Nov.
Stev. mon. ped. j act. bonn. vol. 4, which see.
Stev, in Lin, trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Stev, mosc, 1
Stev, mem, soc. mosc.
Stev. in act. mosc. >Ibid. See Mem. mosc.
Stev. in mem. soc. nat. 7nosc. f
Stev. soc. mosc. J
Stev. in cat. hort. gor. Ibid. See Fiscli. hort. Gorenki.
904
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Stev. obs. pi. ross. Ibid. Observationes piantarum Rossiae, in
Mem. mosc, which see.
Slev. de sctjc. cauc. in man. mosc. Ibid. See Mem. mosc.
Stiss. hot. Stisser (John Andr.). Botanica curiosa, 1 vol. 8vo.
Hclmstadt, Ui97. Second edition, 1708.
Slok. hoi. mat. mcd. \ Stokes (Jonathan). A botanical materia
Stok, mat. med. J medica, 4 vols. Svo. London, 1812.
rv, jj r Sturm (James). Deutschlands Flora, 2
Sturm, ft. germ. I i , „ xt , ,~nc< j
o, J , II n < vols. I2mo. Numbers, u9S, and
jSturm, deulsclil. n. 1 ^ n ■ o' '
•' (_ lollowing j'ears.
Succ.fl. mann. Succow (J. L.) Flora Mannheimensis, 1 vol. Svo.
Mannheim, 1822.
Suffr. prin. cat. De Suffren. Principes de botanique suivis d'un
catalogue des plantes du Frioul et de la Carnia, 1 vol. Svo.
Venice, 1802.
Sut. Jl. helv. Suter (John Rudolph). Flora helvetica, 2 vols.
12mo. Zurich, 1802.
Sutton, in Lin. trans. 1 „ /r>i i n r, t ■
Suit, in Lin. trans. / ^""°" (Charles). See Lm. trans.
Svensk, hot. Svensk botanik, 9 vols. Svo. Stockholm, 1804, and
following years.
Sn'z. prod. fSwartz (Olof). Prodromus descriptionum
Snarl- vrod 1 ^'egetabilium indise occidentalis, 1 vol. Svo.
~' ' ■ L Stockholm, 17 88.
Swartz, obs. 1 i, • i ,-„
Swarlz, obs. hot. \^^'^- Obst".at,ones botanical, 1 vol. Svo.
Srvz. ohs. J Erlang, 1791.
Swarlz, icon. Ibid. Icones piantarum india> occidentalis, 1 fasc.
fol. Erlang, 1794.
Swartz, ft. ind. oceid.'^ ,, ., ^^i ■ ■,-
Swarlz, Jl. ind. occ. V^'^- ^^^^, '"<''* occidentalis, 3 vols.
Snz. fl.ind. occ. j ^vo. Erlang, 1797-1806.
Snartz, syn. fil. Ibid. Synopsis filicum earum genera et spe-
cies compl., 1 vol. Svo. Kiel, 1806.
Swartz, nov. gen. Ibid. Nova genera et species piantarum, 1
vol. Svo. Stockholm, 17SS.
Snarlz, in nov. act. nat. scrul. Ibid. See Nov. act. nat. scrut.
berol.
Swartz, in phil. trans. Ibid. See Phil, trans.
Swartz, in act. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Swarlz, in nov. act. holm. Ibid. Nov. act. holm.
Swarlz, in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Swartz, in Schrad. journ. Ibid. See Schrad. journ.
Sweet, hort. suburb. Sweet (Robert). Hortus suburbanus londi-
nensis, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1818.
Sweet, ger. Ibid. Geraniacea\ or Natural order of geraniums
S vols. Svo. London, 1820, and following years.
ribid. The British flower-garden, first
Sweet, hrit. Jl. gard. ) series, 3 vols. Svo. London, 1823.
Siveet, Jl. gard. | Second series, 4 vol. Svo. London.
(^ Continued.
Sweet, Jl. austr. Ibid. Flora australacica, 1-vol. Svo. 1827-1828.
Sweet, cist. Ibid. Cistineae. The natural order of cistus or
rock-rose, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1830.
Sweet, hort. hrit. Ibid. Hortus britannicus, 1 vol. Svo. 1826.
Second edition, 1830.
Sweet, in Colv. cat. Ibid. In Colville (James). Catalogue of
plants cultivated for sale in his nursery in the King's^Road
Chelsea, 12mo. London.
Swert. Jloril. Swertius (Eman.) Florilegium tractans de variis
floribus, 1 vol. Francfort, 1612.
Syll. pi. soc. hot. ratisb. Sylloge piantarum novarum, itemque
minus cognitarum a prajstantissimis botanicis adhuc viventibus
collecta et a societatis e regia botanica ratisbonensi, 1 vol
1824, 2d vol. 1828, 3d vol. Svo. Ratisbon.
S limes emb ava I'Symes (Mich.) An account of an embassy
Symes, ava ' < '° "''^ kmgdom of Ava, 1 vol. 4to. Lon
Sym. syn.
Sym. syn. brit.
don, 1800.
Symons (Jelinger). Synopsis piantarum in-
sulis britannicarum indigenarum, 1 vol.
Svo. London, 1798.
T.
Tab. krceul. Tabernsmontanus (Jac. Theod.). Kreuterbuth,
1 vol. fol. Franckfort, 1588-1592. Several editions.
Tabern. icon. 1 Ibid. Eicones piantarum Cur. N. Bassaeo, 4to.
Tab. icon. j Franckfort, 1590.
Targ. viagg. Targioni-Tazzetli (Giovani). Viaggi fatto in di-
verse parti della Toscano, 12 vols. Svo. Florence, 1768-1779.
Targ. ist. hot. Ibid. Instituzioni botanische, 2 vols. Svo. Flo-
rence, 1794. Third edition, 3 vols. Ibid. 1813.
Targ. in mem. mod. Targioni-Tazzetti (Octavius). See Mem.
mod.
Targ. obs. hot. Ibid. Observationum botanicum decades, 3-4.
4to. Florence.
Tausch, hort. canal. \ Tausch (Ignat. Frid.) Hortus canalius,
Tausch, hort. can. j I vol. fol. Prague, 1823.
Tausch, in hot. zcit. 1 ii ■ i
Tausch, in Jl. j
See Reg. bot. zeit.
Tausch. Descripliones piantarum minus cognilanmi in flora ;
also, Observations sur le genre acer.
Ten or Tenore ft nan f^'^no'-e (Michel). Flora napolitana,
len. o, lenore,jt nap. I ^ Naples, 1811, and fol-
7 en. or lenore, fl. neap.] , ,. ' ' '
"^ ' (_ lowmg years.
rr, rp , 1 . flbld. Catalogo delle piante
len. or lenore, cat. hort. nap. I , , , °. ,■ , '^ ,-
'f I s tiel regal giardmo bot. di
[ Napoh, ann. 1807-1813.
Ttn. app. hort. nap. ca/.~| Ibid. Ad catalogum piantarum horti
Tenor, app. prim. cat. I neapolitani, anno 1813; editum
hort. nap. C appendix prima, Svo. Naples,
Ten. cat. append. J 181.5.
rp . I • A flbid. Catalogo delle piante del giardino
f). ' . ,'.'' ■ < botanico del S. Ec. Bisignano, 4to.
len. cat. bis. y Naples, 1S09.
Ten. viagg. ~\ Ibid. Kaccolta di viaggi fisico botanici
Ten. race, viagg. > nel regno di Napoli, 1 vol. Svo.
Ten. viagg. inabruz.j Naples, 1812.
Ten. syn. Jl. nap. Ibid. Synopsis novarum piantarum quae in
prodromo describuntur, Svo. Naples, 1815.
Ten. Jl. neap. prod. 1 Ibid. Prodromus florae neapolitanae, Svo.
Ten. prud. Jl. nap. J Naples, 181 1-1813.
Ten. syll. Ibid. Sylloge piantarum vascularum florae Neapo-
litanae hucusque detectarum, 1 vol. Svo. Naples, 1831.
Tenor, cat. sem. \ Index seminum piantarum viventium in horto
Ten. ind. sem. J regio neapolitano, 1829.
Theis, gloss. Du Theis (Alex.). Glossaire de botanique, 1 vol.
Svo. Paris, 1810.
Thealr. Jl. Theatrum floree in quo ex toto orbe sclccti flores, &c.
Paris, IS 10.
Tluophr. oper. Theophrastus (Eresius). Opera omnia Greece,
fol. 1495-1498. Several editions from 1495 to 1644.
Thib. in Pers. ench. See Pers. ench.
Thier. voy. 1 Thiery de Menonville (Nic. Jos.). Voyage
Thier. voy. guax. j a Guaxaca, 2 vols. Svo. Paris, 1787.
Thorn, cat. Thomas (P.). Catalogue of plants collected by
himself.
Thonn. in Schum.pl. guin. Thonning (M.). See Schum. pi. guin.
Thor. chlor. ~] Thore (John). Essai d'une thloris du de-
Thor. chl. land. > partement des Landes, 1 vol. Svo. Dax,
Thor. chlor. land. J 1803.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
!)05
Thor. in Journ. bnt. Ibid. See Journ. bot.
Thory, ros. 1 Thory (Claude Ant.). Rosae reductas de-
'Jhory, ros. red. ) scriptio, 8vo. Paris, 1817.
„,, •'' ■ , ■ > Ibid. Rosa Candolleana, 8vo. Paris, 1819.
I nor. ros. cand. j
Thory, prod, ros- Ibid. Prodrome de la nionograpliie du genre
rosier, I vol. 8vo. Paris, 1820.
Thouin, in aim. vius. Thouin (Andre). See Ann. mus.
T/iouin, in mem. mus. Ibid. See Mem. nius.
77 7/ a f fTlniillicr (J. L.). Flore des environs de Paris,
llimU.Jl. Jr. I j.^^^ edition, 1 vol. l>mo. 1790; second
Thmll. Jl. par.^ ^^,i^.^_,_ , ^^, g^^ ,7^3
Thunb. Jl. jap. J Thunberg (Charl. Petr.). Flora japonica, 1
Thunb. jap. \ vol. 8vo. Leipsig, 1784,
Thunb. prod. / Ibid. Prodromus plantarum capensium, 2
Thunb. prod. cap.\ parts, 8vo. Upsal, 1794.
Thunb. icon. jap. Ibid. Icones plantarum japonicarum, 3 de-
cades, fol. Upsal, 1794-1801.
Thunb. Jl. cap. Ibid. Flora capensis, 2 vols. 12mo. Copen-
hagen and Upsal, 1813-1818.
{Ibid. Resa uti Europa, Africa, Asia, 4 vols. 8vo.
Upsal, 1788-179.3. English edition, Travels in
Europe, Africa, and Asia, 4 vols. 8vo. Lon-
don, 1794-1795.
Thunb. diss. gard. 1 Ibid. Dissertatio de Gardenia, 4to. Upsal,
Thunb. gard. J 1 780.
Thunb. prol. Ibid. Dissertatio de Protea, 4to. Upsal, 1781.
Thunb. ox. "I loid. Dissertatio de oxalide, 4to. Upsal,
Thunb. diss. ox. / 1781.
Thunb. nov. gen. Ibid. Nova plantarum genera. Nine separate
dissertations from 1781 to 1798.
Ibid. Diss.de Erica, 4to. Upsal, 178 4.
Second edition, by M. A. Salisbury Fea-
therstone, 1800.
Thunb. herm. Ibid. Dissertatio de Hermannia, 4to. Upsal,
1794.
Thunb. diss, diosm. 1 Ibid. Dissertatio de Diosma, 4to. Upsal,
Thunb. diosm. j 1797.
Thunb. hydr. Ibid. Dissertatio de Hydrocotyle, 4to. Upsal,
1798.
Thunb. diss. acad. Ibid. Dissertationes academicse upsalise sub
ejus prassidio habitae, 3 vols. 8vo. Gottingen, 1799-1801.
Thunb. in act. holm. 1 rui o » . 1 i
™, , . , J ! , ? ibid. See Act. holm.
Ihunb. in act. acaa. notin. J
Thunb. in nov. act. ups. j Ibid. See Nov. act. ups.
Thunb. in act. ups. \ Ibid. See Act. ups.
Thunb. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Thunb. in noc. act. petrop. Ibid. See Nov. act. acad. petrop.
Thunb. in act. acad. petrop. Ibid. See Act. acad. petrop.
Thunb. in mem. acad. petersb. Ibid. See Mem. acad. petcrsb.
Thunb. in act. acad. kajn. Ibid. See Act. hafn.
Thunb. in nov. act. cur. Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Thunb. in Schrad. journ. Ibid. See .Schrad. journ.
Thunb. in act. lund. Ibid. See Handl. phys. salsk.
Thunb. phyl. bl. Ibid. .See Phytograpliische blatter, 8vo. Upsal.
Till. pis. 1 Tilli(Mich. Angel). Catalogus plantarum
TillifCal. hort. pii. j horti Pisani, 1 vol. fol. Florence, 1723.
Timm Jl. m< g. Timm (Joach. Christ.). Florae megapolitanae
prodromus, 1 vol. 8vo. Leipsig, 1788.
Tineo, syn. hort. panorm. Tineo (Gius."). Synopsis plantarum
horti academiae panormitani, 1 vol. 8vo. Palermo, 1801-1807.
Tin. pug. s.c. 1 yineo (Vincent). Pugillus plantarum
lineo, pug. I j^i(.iiiag rariorum, 1 vol. 8vo. Pa-
'l,neo,pl.rar sw.pug.f ^ ,^,^7
1 ineo, pug. pi. sicul. J
VOL. IV.
Thunb. eric.
Thunb. diss. eric.
Tvrr. or Turn 11, in ann. luc. Nen I'or/,. 1 ,,, ,, ,
Torr. or Torrey, in ann. lye. K Surrey (John), ."see
Torrey, in ann. lye. nat. hist. New York. J Ann. lye.
Torr. J. unit, stat.l Ibid. Flora of the northern and middle
Torr. Jl. un. st. > sections of the United States, 2 vols.
Torr.Jl.bor.amer.) 12mo. New York, 1824-1820.
Torr. cat. New Fo)^. 1 Ibid. Catalogue of tlie plants in the
Torrey, cat. J vicinity of New York.
Torr. in Sill, journ. Ibid. See Sill, journ.
Tourn. elem. Pitton de Tournefort (Joseph). Eleuiens de bo-
tanique, 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1684.
Tourn. insl. Ibitl. Iiistitutiones rei lurbariae, 3 vols. 4to. Paris,
1717-1719.
Tourn. cor. Iliid. Corollarium iiistitutionum rei herbarite, 4to.
Paris, 1703.
Tourn. Iraa. \ Ibid. Relation d'un voyage du Levant, 2 vols.
Tourn. voy. j 4to. Paris, 1717.
Tourn. in act. acad. par. Ibid. See Mem. acad. par.
Towns, voy. Townsend (Joseph). A journey through Spain, 3
vols. 8vo. London, 1791.
Towns, itin. hung. 1 Tovvnson (Robert). Travels in Hungary,
Towns, trav. hung J 4to. London, 1797.
Trag. kreut. Tragus or Bock (Hierou). Kreuterbuch, I vol. fol.
Strasburg, 1550. Several editions.
n. , ^^ ,.. riljid. De stirpium ma.\ime eorum germaniae com-
r,, ^' ,'• ■ < mentaria latine versa a Dav. Kybero, 1 vol. 4to.
-I rair. stir p. 1 c 1 ,rr,i
° ' [^ Strabburg, 1552.
Trail, in hort. trans. Trail (James). See Hort. trans.
Trans, ir. acad. Transactions of the royal Irish academy, ko.
Dublin. Several volumes from 1787. Continued.
Trans, soc. arts. Transactions of the society instituted in Lon-
don for the encouragement of arts, ttc, several vols. 8vo. from
the year 1783. Continued.
Trans, roy. edinb. Transactions of the royal society of Edin-
burgh, several vols. 4to. Continued.
Tratt. arch. \ Trattinick (Leopold). Archiv der Gewachs-
Tralt. arch. gew. j ktinile, 4 fasc. 4to. Vienna, 181 1-1812.
Tratt. austr. \ Ibid. Flora austriaca sicca, 5 cent. fol. Vi-
Tratt. Jl. auhtr. J enna, 1792-1794.
Tratt. obs. ~\ Ibid. Observationes botanicae tabularum rei her-
Tratt. tabl. > baria' illustrantes, 3 vols. 4 to. Vienna, 1811-
Tratt. tab. J 1812.
Trait, tlies. Ibid. Thesaurus botanicus, 1 vol. fol. Vienna, 1819.
Tratt. ros. Ibitl. Rosacearum monographia, 4 vols. 8vo. Vi-
enna, 1823.
Trenlep. in Roth, calal. Trentepohl (John Fred.). See Roth,
catal.
Trev. delph. Treveranus (Luil. Christ.). De delphinio et Aqui-
legia observationes, 4to. Breslau, 1817.
Trev. in schrift, scs. frcund. 1 n • 1 c c 1 •/• , 1
rr ; ■/•, I, , r 1 > Ibid, bee Schrift. bero.
1 rev. in scnrjt. gesscll, nat. Jreunil. j
Trev. in act. bonn. "
Trev. in nov. act. bonn.
Trev. in nov. act. nat. bonn. ^Ibid. See Nov. act. bonn.
Trev. in act. soc. nat. cur.
Trever, nov. act. .soc. nat. cur. J
Trev. all. Ibid. Allii species, I fasc. 4to. Breslau, 1822.
Trev. in ges. nat. Jr. berl. n'og.~|
Trev. in mag. am. nat. berol. I Ibid. See Verhand. ges. nat.
Trev. in berl. mag. C berol.
Tiev. in mag. nat. amic. berl. J
Trev. ind. sem. wralisl. f Ibid. Index of the seeds collected
Trev. ind. sem. hort. nratisl. \ in the botanic garden at Breslau.
~ . TTrew (Christ. Jac ). PlantaB selecta?
^"^'- •'"• ' ab El. ret pictse, 1 vol. fol. from 1750
to 1773.
5 Z
Trcw. Ehr. or Ehret.
906
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
Tre7v, 2>l- rar. Ibid. Plantse rariores, edit. J. C. Keller, 1 vol.
fol. Noremberg, 1762. Edit, by B. C. Vogel, 1799.
Trin. in Spreng. neu entd. Triniiis (Carol. Bern.). See Spreng.
neu entd.
„. . ^ , rTriumfetti (John Bapt.). Observationes de
JriumJ. obs. I ^^^^^ ^^ vegetatione plantaruni, 1 vol. 4to.
^ [^ Rome, 1685.
Triumf. prcel. Ibid. Prselusio ad publicas plantarum osten-
tiones, 4to. Rome, 1700.
Tur. pi. clav. Turio (Btrnandino). Specimen plantarum agri
clavariensis, 4to. Clavari, 1806.
Turn. herb. Turner (William). A new herbal, 2 parts, fol.
London, 1551-1562. Second edition, 3 parts, fol. Collen, 1568.
Turp.fl. par. Turpin (P. V. F.) et Poiteau (M.). Flore des
environs de Paris, 7 fasc. Paris, 1808.
Turp. m mem mus. Ibid. See Mem. mus.
Turp. in ann. mus. Ibid. See Ann. mus.
^ ..J. fTurra (Anton). Favsetia novum genus et
Turra, diss. fars. I ani,^adversiones botanici. 4to. Venice,
Turra,fars. | ,^,5^
Turra, Jl. Hal. Ibid. Florae italicae prodromus, 1 vol. Svo.
Venice, 1780.
Tussac, ant. T ^^ i^^^^n^c (F. R.). Flore des Antilles, 3 vols.
luss. ant. > ^^j_ 1808-1826.
luss. aniiU. J
U.
Ucria, or Ucr. Iiorl. panorm. Ucria (E. Bernodino ab). Hortus
regius panormitanus, 4to. Palermo, 1819.
Ucr. ill Rccm. arch. Ibid. See Roem. arch.
f Dumont d'Urville (John). Enu-
D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. meratio plantarum quas in in-
D'Urv. enum. < sulis archepelagi aut littoribus
D'Urv. in mem. soc. Lin. par. \ Ponti-Euxini See Mem. soc.
1^ Lin. par annis, 1819-1820.
D'Urv. in ann. so. nat. Ibid. See Ann. sc. nat.
D'Urv. Jl. mal. Ibid. Sur la flore des Malouines in Ann. soc.
Linneen de Paris, whicli see.
Ust. del. op. f Usteri (Paul). Delectus opusculorum botanicoruni,
Ust. del. \ 2 vols. Svo. Strasburg, 1793.
U^t. ann. ( Ibid, Annalen der Botanik, 6 Stiick, Svo. Zu-
Ust. ann. bot.\ rich, 1791-1793.
Ust. neu. ann. Ibid. Neue Annalen der Botanik, 17 Siiick, Svo.
Zurich, 1794-1799.
V.
Vahl. symb. Vahl (Martin). Symbolce botanicae, 3 fasc. fol.
Copenhagen, 1790-1794.
Vahl,eclog. llbid. Eclogce araericanee, 2 fasc. fol.
Jjii \ Copenhagen, 1796-1798.
Vahl, eclog. amer, J r a
Vahl, icon. Ibid. 1 cones plantarum in eclogis descriptarum, 3
decades, fol. Copenhagen, 1798-1799.
Vahl, enum. Ibid. Enumeratio plantarum, 2 vols. Svo. Copen-
hagen, 1805-1806.
Vahl, Jl. dan. See Fl. dan.
J'ahl, in act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. T
Vahl, in act. nut. hist. hafn. > Ibid. See Act. hafn.
Vahl, in act. hafn. J
Vaill. hot. par. prod. Vaillant (Sebastien). Botanicon parisiense
operis majoris prodromus, 1 vol. Svo. Leyden, 1723, and in
12mo. 1743.
Vaill. par. "1 jj^j^^_ Botanicon parisiense, 1 vol fol. Lev-
l^'^;''f- ) den, 1727.
yaill. bot. par. J
Vaill. in act. ucad. piar. Ibid. See Mem. acad. par.
Vaill. in mem. acad. par. See Mem. acad. par.
Vand. fasc. pi. Vandelli (Domin.). Fasciculus plantarum, 4to.
Lisbon, 1771.
Vand. in Rcem. schrift. Ibid. See Rcetn. schrift.
land. Jl. lus. et bras. 1 Ibid. Florae lusitanicse et brasiliensis
Vand. Jl. bras. J specimen, 4to. Coimbra, 1788.
Vaucher, mon. \ Vauclier (M. G. P.). Monographie des oro-
Vauch. mon. J banches, 4to. Geneva, 1827.
Veil, or Velloz. in Vand. Jl. See Vand. fl. lus
Veil, in Vand. schrift. Ibid. See Roem. schrift.
Vent, princ. Ventenat (Etienne Pierre). Principes de botanique,
1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1795.
I'^ent. tahl. \ Ibid. Tableau du regne vegetal, 4 vols.
Vent. tabl. rcgn. veg. J Svo. Paris, 17 99.
Y t I r ^^"^- Description des plantes nouvelles ou
,,.■,' , .: pen connues du iardin de J. M. Cels, 1
f^ent. hort. eels, j ' , r- i n ■ , dm/>
(_ vol. fol. Pans, 1800.
Vent. hort. malm. \ Ibid. Jardin de la Malmaison, 2 vols. fol.
Vent. malm. J 1 803-1 S05.
Vent, choix. Ibid. Choix des plantes, 1 vol. fol. IS03-1808.
Vent. diss. Ibid. Monographie du genre tilleul, 4to. Paris,
1802.
Vent. dec. \ Ibid. Decas generum novorum, 1 vol. 4to.
Vetit. dec. gen. nov. J Paris, 1S08.,
Verhand. amst. Verhandeling Uitgegeeven door te maatschappv-
ter bevordering vander Landboun te Amsterdam, Svo.
1788, and following years.
Verhand. batac. Verhandelingen van het bataviaash genootschap
der konstan an wetenschappen, 6 vols. Svo. Batavia and Rot-
terdam, 1779-1792.
Verhand. ges. nat. berol. Verhanlungen der gesellschaft natiir-
forchender Freunde in Berlin. Berlin, continued.
Verhand. rotterd. Verhandelingen van het bataafsch genootschap
der proof ounder vindelycke wisbegeerte ta Rotterdam, 4to.
1774-1783.
{Verhandelingen uitgegeeven door hat
zeeuwsch genootschap der wetenschap-
pen te vlissingen, Svo. Middleburg,
1796, and following years.
Vesl. cegypt.
Vcsl. pi. (ggyi^t.
Vesl. obs.
Vest, anl. Vest (C. C ). Anleitung zum grundlichen Studium
der Botanik, Svo. Wein.
Jest, man. hot. Ibid. Manual of botany.
Vest, ill Rcem. et Schultes, syst. Vest (Laurent)- See Roem. et
Schult. syst.
Vest, in bot. zeit. 1 i, • , c d i ^
,. '. „ Wbid. See Keg. bot. zeit.
/ est, in Jlora. J
Vihorg, in nov. act. hafn. Viborg (Eric). See Nov. act. acad. hafn.
Vig. diss. I Viguier (L. Gut ). Histoire naturelle des pavots
I igui, pav. / et des argemonees, 4to. Montpelier, 1814.
Vill. dauph. Villars (D.). Histoire des plantes du Dauphine, 4
vols. Svo. Grenoble, 1768.
Jill, delph. Ibid. Flora delphinalis in Gilib. eur. which see.
I ill. cat. strasb. Ibid. Catalogue methodique du jardin de
Strasburg, 1 vol. 8vo. Strasburg, 1807.
J'ill. in Schrad. journ. Ibid. See Schrad. journ.
Vis. or Visiani, in bot. zeit. Visiani (Robert de). See Reg. bot.
zeit.
J'is. pi. dalm. in hot. zeit. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
,-• I I ; f Ibid. Plantse dalmaticas nunc pri-
/ is. pi. dalm. I ,. , • 1 • 1
,.'.,. J , < mum editae ex bot. zeit. which
A isiani, slirp. dalm. spec. 1
/ iltm. sitmm. Vittmann (Fulgent). Summa plantarum quae hac-
tenus innotuerunt, 6 vols. Svo. Milan, 17S9 1792.
Veslingius (John). De plantis segypti ob-
servationes, 4to. Padua, 1638.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.
90';
I'illm. suppl. Ibid. .Supplementum ad siimma planiarum.
Fiv. Ji. COTS. ~| Viviani (Dom.). Floras corsicae prodro-
I'iv.fl. cars. prod. > mus cum appendice, 4to. Genoa, 1 824-
I'iv. app. Jl. cors. J 1825.
/'/'('. axil. but. Ibid. Aniiali di botanica, 2 vols. 8vo. Genoa,
KSU2-1803.
I tv. itiil. fragni. 1 lu- i ci •. r c ^ i r
,,. ,. "^ ,1 •. I I Ibid, rloiae italics tiaanienta, 1 lasc.
... J ^ J ( 4to. Genoa, 1808.
/ w. Jragm. J
f'iv. idij. apenn. Ibid. Voyage dans les Apennines de la Ligurie,
4to. Genoa, 1807.
I iv. JL lib. \ Ibid. Flora; libicw specimen, 1 vol. fol. Genoa,
Viv.'libyc. J 1824.
J'iv. in bol. zcit. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Viv. elcnch.pl. hort. dmegro. Ibid. See Dinegr. elench.
I olc. 1 Volkamer (John Christ.). Riiibergische hespe-
I'dl/c. Iicsp. J rides, 1 vol. fol. Nurnberg, 1708.
I'olk. norib. Volkamer filius (John George). Flora noriniber-
gensis, 1 vol. 4to. Norimberg, 1700.
J rol. nrat. Vrolik (Gerardj. Oratio de eo quod amsteloda-
nienses ad rem botanicam exornandam contulerunt, 4to. Am-
sterdam, 1797.
I'ml. cat. pi. off. Ibid. Catalogus plantarum officiiialium in
pharni. Batava memoratarum, 8vo. Amsterdam, 1805.
W.
IVdIil. JL lapp. Wahlenberg (George). Flora lapponica, 1 vol.
8vo. Berlin, 1812.
Il'tilil. helv. "1 Ibid. De vegetatione et clymate Helvetiae
Wahl. Jl. hclv. > septentrionalis specimen, 1vol. 8vo. Zurich,
ll'ahl. veg. helv.j 1813.
H'ahLJl. carp. \ Ibid. Flora carpathorum praecipuorum, 1 vol.
Ualil. carp. j 8vo. Gottingen, 1814.
Wahl. Jl. ups. Ibid. Flora ujjsaliensis, 1 vol. 8vo. Upsal,
1820.
ll'ahl. Jl. suec. Ibid. Flora succica, 1 vol. 8vo. Stockholm,
1824-1826.
Wahl. in Svensk, bot. Ibid. See Svensk, bot.
fl'ahl. in act. acad. holm. Ibid. See Act. holm.
Wahl. in isis. Ibid. See Isis.
Wahht. el Kit. hung. fWaldstein (Franc.) et Kitaibel
WaMst. et Kit. pL rar. hung. I P«"' >• ^escnpt.ones et icones
Waldst. ct Kit. pL lno,g. . ] pl^""a'-um ra"ornmHmigan*,
' ° L 3 vols. tol. Vienna, 1802-181 2.
Wall. cat. Wallich (Nathaneal). A numerical list of dried
-specimens of plants in the East India Company's rau.seum, col-
lected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich, of the Com-
pany's botanic garden at Calcutta.
II all. pi. rar. asiat. Ibid. Plantae rariores asiatics, " vols. fol.
London, 18J0-1832.
Hall. tent. "1 Ibid. Tentamen florae nepalensis illustrata.
Wall. lent. Jl. nep. J 1 vol. fol. Calcutta and Serampore, 1824.
Wall, in asiat. res. Ibid. See Asiat. res.
II all. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
II all. in Iloxb. fl. ind. It..] r. t> , a • , ,■ ^
ir II ■ jj ■ J I ""''■ ^^"^ Roxb. fl. nid. edit. Carey.
U all. tn Jl. ind. J .'
Hall. axil. Ibid. Asclepiadese indicae. Not published.
Waltr. sched. "I Wallroth (Fred. Will.). Scliedulae criiicae,
ll'allr. sched. crit. j 8vo. Halle, 1822.
Wallr. ann. bot. Ibid. Annus botanicus, seu supplementum ter-
tium ad floram halensem, 1 vol. 12nio. Halle, 1815.
Wallr. diask. Ibid. Orobanclics generis liaaKtvi], 8vo. Franc-
fort, 1825.
Wallr. in verliand. berol. ges. nat. freund. See Verhand. berol.
ges. &c.
H'eis. obs. bot.
fVeihe, rub. germ.
IVeih. el Nees, rub. germ
Walt fl car O^''''^'' (Tiiomas). Flora caroliniana, 1 vol.
Walt/.caroLJ ^'°- London, 1788.
Wallh. hort. Walther (Aug. Fred.). Designatio plantarum horti
ejus, 1 vol. 8vo. Leipsig, 1735.
Walth. Jl. geiss. Walther (Fred. Ludov.). Flora von geissen
und (ier umliegenden gegend, 8vo. Giessen et Darmstadt,
1802.
II angenh. amer.'\ Wangenheim (Fred. Adolph. Jul.). Beschrei-
IVang. amer. > bungeinigerNordamericanischenHolzarten,
Wang, beschr. J 1 vol. 8vo. Gottingen, 1781.
IVang.anpJl. Ibid. Anpflanzung Nordamericanischen Holzarten,
1 vol. fol. Gottingen, 1787.
Wats, dciid. brit. Watson (P. W.) Dendrologia britannica, 1
vol. 8vo. London, 1825.
Web. spic. gotl. Weber (George Henry). Spicilegiutn florae
gottingensis, 1 vol. 8vo. Gotha, 1778.
Web. prim. Jl. hols. Ibid. Primitiae florae holsatiae.
fVeb. et Mohr. beylr. Weber (Franc.) et Mohr (D.). Bey-
tragen zur Naturkunde, 1 band. Kiel, 1805.
Weig. obs. \ Weigel (Christ. Ehrenb.). Observationes bo-
/ tanicae, 1 vol. 4to. Greifswald, 1772.
pWeihe (August) und Nees von Esen-
beck. Beschreibung der deutschen
Bronibeerarten niit Abbildungen, 4
Jieft. Bonn, 1820, and following
years.
Weinm. pliyt. Weinmann (John Will.). Phytanthoza iconogra-
pliica, 4 vols. fol. Ratisbon, 1737-1745.
Weinm. diss. Weinmann (John Georg.). Dissertatio sistens fas-
ctculuni plantarum patria; urbi vicinarum, &c. Tubingen, 1764.
Weinm. enum. 1 Weinmann (J. A.) Enumeratio
lemm. enim.jiL hort. dorp. I .^^^^^^^^ j,, ^orto dor-
lleinm. hort. dorp. r t «i "
Weinm. ind. pi. hort. dorp. isio '
ITeinm. cat. hort. dorp. J
Weinm. in bol. zeit. \ r, . ,
Weinm. in Jlora. J
Weinm in stjll. pi. ralisb. Ibid. See Syll. pi. soc. bot. ratisb.
Wend, handb. Wenderoth (G. \V. F.) Handbuch der Botanik,
1 vol. 8vo. Marburg.
Wenderoth, in Schlecht. Linncea. Ibid. See Linnaea.
Wender. in bot. zeit. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
Wender. schrift. nnt. ges. Ibid. See Schrift. niarb.
Wendl. verz. herrenh. Wendland (John Christ.). Verzeichniss
der Pflanzen zu Herrenhausen, 2 Stiick, 8vo. Hannover,
1797-1798.
Wendl. hort. herr. \ Ibid. Hortus Herrenhusanus, 4 fasc.
Il'endl. hort. herrenh. J fol. Hannover, 1798-1801.
Wendl. eric. Ibid. Ericarum icones et descriptiones, 17 fasciculi,
4to. Hanover, 1798-1806.
Wendl. sert. han. Ibid. Sertum hannoverianum, 3 fasc. fol.
Gottingen, 1795-1797.
Wendl. bot. beob. Ibid. Botanische Beobachtungen, 4to. Hanno-
ver, 1798.
Wendl. samml. Ibid. Sammlung ausliindischer und einheimischer
Pflanzen, 2 Band, 4to. Hannover, 1806-1810.
WendL coll. Wendland (Henry Lud.). CoUectio plantarum turn
exoticarum quam indigenarum fasciculi, 4to. Hannover, 1805,
and following years.
Wendl. diss. \ Ibid. Commentatio de acaciis
WendL comm. acac. aplujl ] aphyHis, 4to. Hanover, 1820.
Wend, or WendL Jlur. Ibid. See Reg. bot. zeit.
West, beskr. / West (Hans). Beskrivelse over St. Croix, 1
West, St. Croix. \ vol. 8vo. Copenhagen, 1798.
&c. 8vo. Dorpat,
See Reg. bot. zcit.
908
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS AND OTHER AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO,
Wern. mem.
IVern. soc. mem
Memoirs of the Wernerian natural history
society. Edinburgh, several vols. 8vo.
1811. Continued.
IVibel, enum. fl. rverlh. VVibel (Fred. Will. Ebertr. Christ.) Pri-
mitiae florae werthemensis, 8vo. Jena, 1799.
JVigg. prim. fl. hols. Wiggers (Frid. Henr.). Primitiae florae
holsaticse, 8vo. Kile, 1780. Supplementum hujus florae, 1787.
Wikslr. diss. daph. Wikstrom (John Imman.). Dissertatio de
Dapne, 4to. Upsal, 1817.
Wikstr. in act. acad. lioliii. Ibid. See Act holm.
IVight, contrib. ind. bot. Wight (Robert). Contributions to the
botany of India, 8vo. London, 183i. Edited by G. A. W.
Arnott.
Wight et Am. prod. pen. ind. Ibid, et Arnott (G. A. W.) Pro-
dromus flora; peninsute indias orientalis, 1 vol. 8vo. 18.34.
Wight el Am. contrib. ind. bot. See Wight, contiib. ind. bot.
Wight, ill. ind. bot. Ibid. Illustrations of Indian botany, 4to.
London.
JVilld. grand, krceut. Willdenow (Carol. Ludov.). Grundriss der
Krauterkunde, 1 vol. 8vo. Berlin, 1792.
Willd. spec. Ibid. Species plantarum, .5 vols. 8vo. Berlin,
1797-1810.
Willd. phyt. Ibid. Phyto-raphia, 1 fasc. fol. Erlang, Ugi.
Willd. berl. baumz. Tt,-, T>i-ir> i ■ in
Ti7-;/j I. I Ibid, berlmisclie iiaumzucht, 1 vol. 8vo.
I./.,, J , I Berlin, 1796. seeond edition, 1811.
Wtlld. arb. J ' '
Willd. hort. berol. 1 Ibid. Hortus berolinensis, 1 vol. fol. 1806-
Willd. hart. bcr. j 1810.
jirii I f [bid. Enumeratio plantarum liorti
// nld. cniim. I , ... ,. ^ ^ , „
,,rni 1.1 i\ botaiuci berolinensis, 2 vols. 8vo.
Ivtltd. enum. hort. berol. \ o ,. ,,,.,, o , . loi.,
[^ Berlin, 1809. Supplement, 1813.
Willd. bot. abhandl. Ibid et Bernliardi. Zwei botanische Ab-
handlungen, &c. 8vo. Erfurt, 1802.
Willd. 171 act. scrut. berol. Ibid. See Verhand. ges. nat. berol.
Willd. in noo. act. nat. cur. berol. "1
Willd. act. soc. nat. cur. berol. I Ibid. See Neue sclirift. be-
Willd. nov. act. soc. n. scrut. berl. ( rol.
Willd. act. nov. ann. N. C. berol. J
Willd. gess. naturf. berl. ~)
Willd. in mag. gess. naturf. Jreund. berol. I See Verhand. ges.
JVilld. in berl. mag. ( nat. berol.
Willd. mag. J
Willd. in act. acad. berol. Ibid. See Mem. acad. berol.
Willd. in act. acad. erf. Ibid. See Act. acad. erf.
Willd. in Ust. del. Ibid. See Ust. del.
Willd. in Rwm. et Schult. syst. Ibid. See Roem. et Schult. syst.
illd. herb. Ibid. His herbarium.
illd. rel. Ibid. Reliquiae Willdenoviana.
Willem. fl. lor. f ^^'"emet (Remig.). Phytographie encyclope-
w,ll il l^r- X dique, ou Flore de I'ancienne Lorraine, S
mil. fl. lor. Y vols. 8vo. Nancy, 1805.
Willin. herb. maur. Willemet (Petr. Remig.). Herbarium mau-
ritianum, 4to.
Willich, obs. bol. Willich (Christ. Lud.). Observationcs bota-
nicse, 4to. Gottingen, 1747.
Willich, pi. obs. Ibid. De plantis quibusdam observationes, 1
vol. 8vo. Gottingen, 1762.
Willich, ill. "1 Ibid, lllustrationes quaedam botanicas, 1 vol.
Willich, ill. bot. J 8vo. Gottin^ren, 176G.
Winn, et Grab, ex flora. See Reg. bot. rcit.
Wint. hort. bot. Winterl (John Joseph). Index horti botanici,
1 vol. 8vo. Pesth, 1788.
f Withering (William). Botanical arrange-
,Tr,i I , I nient of the vegetables of Great Britain,
nnh.bot. arrcng. \ „ i „ ^- • i , --^ c-
IV'tl It * <; 2 vols. 8vo. Birmingham, 1//6. Se-
I cond edition, 3 vols. 1787-1792. Third
1^ edition, 4 vols. 1796.
IVoods, in Lin. tians. Woods (Joseph). See Lin. trans.
Woodv. med. bot. Woodville (William). Medical botany, ti vols.
4to. London, 1790-1793.
Woodv. suppl. Ibid. Supplement to medical botany.
Woodw. in jMl. trans. Woodward (Thomas Jenkinson). See
Phil, trans.
Jl'oodw. in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Wormsk. in fl. dan. Wormskiold (Martin). See Fl. dan.
Wred. fl. mekl. Wredow (J. C. L.). Qikonornisch-technische
Flora Meklenburg, 1 vol. 8vo. Lund, 1811-1812.
Wright, in roy. soc. trans, land. \ Wright (VVilliam). See Phil.
Wright, in phil. trans. j trans.
Wriglil, in Lin. trans. Ibid. See Lin. trans.
Wulf. inJacq. coll. Von Wulfen (Xavier). See Jacq. coll.
JFulf. in Rcem. arch. Ibid. See Roem. arch.
Wulff. fl. bor. Wulff" (John Christ.) Flora borussica, 1 vol. Svo.
Regiomont et Leipsig, 1765.
Wydler scroph. f ^ydler (Henry). Essai monographique
11/ .11 ' es sur le genre scrofularia, 4to. 1828, in
irycller, mon. scrof. 1 nr i i • i
"' L Mem. phys. gen., which see.
Y.
Young, in Lin. trans. Young (Thomas). .See Lin. trans.
Z.
Zalus. meth. Zakisanus or Zalusianski (Adam). Method! her-
bariae libri tres, 4to. Frankfort, 1604.
Zan. hist. \ Zanoni (Jacob). Rariorinn stirpium historia, edit.
Zanon. hist. J C Monti, 1 vol. fol. Bologna, 1742.
,:, • . I-. rZannichelli (John Hier.). Istoria delle piante
Zannich. hist. I , ^ i- 1- ■ . •^J ■ ,
r, ■ 1 < che nascona ne lidi intorna a Venezia, 1
Ziamncli. venez. ] i r i ir ■ i.^.i-
l_ vol. fol. Venice, 178.).
Zanted. comm. brix. Zantedeschi (Aug.). In Commentarii acade-
miae brixianae, 1813-1 814-181 S.
Zea, in act. acad. matr. Zea (Franc. Ant.). See Cav. ann. sc.
Zorn. icon. Zorn (Barthol.). Icones plantarum medicinalium, 5
centurise, 8vo. Nurnberg, 1779-1784.
Zucc. cent. obs. ^
Zucc. obs. \ •,»-,• X ^1
Zucc. obs. cent. V Zuccagm (Attilio). Observationes botanicae
Zucc obs bot \ '" '""■'o florentino,&c. Florence, 1806.
Zuccag. obs. J
Zuccagni, in Roem. coll. Ibid. See Rcem. coll.
Zttcc. oxal. Zuccarini \i. G.). Monographic der Americanichen
Oxalis-Arten, 4to. Munich.
Zuccar, fl. mun. Ibid. Flore des environs de Munich, 1 vol.
12mo. 1825.
Zucc. in abhand. acad. miss. ~j
Zucc. in act. acad. mon. J>Ibid. See Abhand. akad. wiss.
Zucc. in act. acad. monach. J
Zucc. in act. acad. taur. Ibid. See Mem. acad. taur.
Zucc. in Schidt. manl. Ibid. See Schult. mant.
;<
lilLBEKT & RIVIXUTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'R SQUARE, LO.VUON.
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11