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BOSTON  PUBLIC 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


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BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


GUIDE  TO 

BOSTON 

for  Physicians 


Prepared  for  the 

Seventy-Second  Annual  Session  of  the 
AMERICAN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

June  6— 10,  1921 


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GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 

for  Physicians 

Prepared  for  the 
Seventy- Second  Annual  Session 

OF    THE 

AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 
June  6-10,  1921 


EDITED   BY 
WALTER  L.  BURRAGE,  M.D. 


CAMBRIDGE 

The  University  Press 
1921 


•\f^  .        «    <• 

%J   '      >£• 

.C-T"  ANNOUNCEMENT 

*r  / o 

.5 
,B9 

I  92.1        At  the  request  of  the  memUefs 

of  the 


PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS 
EXCHANGE 

this  service  bureau  takes  pleasure  in  extending  its 

facilities  to  the  American  Medical  Association 

during  the  Convention 


To  reach  any 

Physician  or  Surgeon  in  Boston 

and  for  any 
INFORMATION 


,  and 

•  •  ••     ••      ••«.      •••     ••••••• 

Directions  4JLAWU  Moment  throughout 
the  •any  :of  night  i°C  all 


Members  are  invited  to  inspect  this  system 
Suite  No.  432  Warren  Chambers  Building,  419  Boylston  Street 

Copyright,  1921,  by  WALTER  L.  BURRAGE 


PREFACE 

TIME  brings  such  rapid  changes  that  guide  books  are  soon 
out  of  date.  This  book  has  been  brought  up  to  the  pres- 
ent and  is  more  than  a  guide.  It  has  been  prepared  as  an 
authoritative  historical  sketch  of  the  points  of  interest  in  Greater 
Boston,  linking  the  past  with  the  present,  and  at  the  same  tune  it 
is  a  directory  for  visiting  this  region  to-day  in  the  most  convenient 
manner.  In  scope  it  includes  the  north  and  south  shores,  taking 
in  Salem  and  Gloucester  to  the  north  and  Plymouth  and  Province- 
town  to  the  south,  and  the  historic  towns  of  Lexington  and  Concord 
to  the  west. 

Particular  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  various  public  and 
semi-public  hospitals  and  medical  institutions,  which  are  not 
described  or  illustrated  in  any  similar  publication.  By  printing 
the  chief  points  of  interest  in  heavy-faced  type  and  the  streets  in 
italics,  the  publishers  have  made  the  book  more  useful  for  quick 
reference.  The  index,  on  page  166,  should  be  consulted  freely;  the 
page  numbers,  in  heavy  type,  indicate  the  chief  treatment  of  a 
subject,  the  other  figures,  merely  where  it  is  mentioned.  The  maps 
are  the  most  recent,  and  the  illustrations  have  been  selected  with  care. 

The  sections  of  the  book,  having  been  assigned  to  the  different 
members  of  the  committee,  were  put  in  shape  for  the  printer  during 
the  past  year,  and  the  committee  are  pleased  to  submit  the  results  of 
their  labor  to  the  American  Medical  Association  as  a  free  offering 
to  the  great  national  medical  society  which  has  accomplished  so 
much  in  placing  the  practice  and  art  of  medicine  on  a  higher  plane 
and  has  done  us  the  honor  to  hold  its  convention  in  our  city. 

J.  BELLINGER  BARNEY,  M.D.     JOHN  HOMANS,  M.D. 
HORACE  BINNEY,  M.D.  HENRY  C.  MARBLE,  M.D. 

WALTER  L.  BURRAGE,  M.D.        FRANK  A.  PEMBERTON,  M.D. 
ERNEST  M.  DALAND,  M.D.  *       STEPHEN  RUSHMORE,  M.D. 
LYMAN  S.  HAPGOOD,  M.D.          CHANNING  C.  SIMMONS,  M.D. 
LESLEY  H.  SPOONER,  M.D. 

Sub-Committee  on  the  Guide  Hook 
BOSTON,  June,  1921. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  BOSTON 

IN  the  fall  of  1621,  the  year  following  the  landing  of  the  Pil- 
grims, the  doughty  Captain  Myles  Standish,  with  ten  com- 
panions, set  sail  from  Plymouth  in  a  shallop  to  explore  the 
shores  of  the  Bay  at  the  northward  and  to  secure  the  friendship  of 
the  Massachusetts  Indians.  It  is  thought  that  he  landed  on  the 
three-hilled  peninsula  called  "Shawmutt,"  which,  according  to 
some  authorities  in  the  Indian  language,  signified  "Sweet  or  Liv- 
ing Waters,"  for  the  springs  of  the  peninsula  offered  the  chief  in- 
ducement for  the  selection  of  this  site  for  a  settlement.  Standish 
and  his  boatload  moved  with  great  celerity,  spent  the  first  night 
at  anchor  in  the  lee  of  Thompson's  Island  in  Boston  harbor,  next 
day  reached  Charlestown  and  traveled  inland  as  far  as  Winchester, 
starting  back  in  three  days.  They  brought  home  "a  good  quantity 
of  beaver  and  made  report  of  the  place,  wishing  that  they  had 
been  there  seated."  A  little  later  Robert  Gorges,  son  of  Sir  Fer- 
dinando  Gorges,  reached  these  shores.  With  him  was  one  Thomas 
Morton,  who  settled  at  Merrymount,  now  in  the  city  of  Quincy, 
and  Samuel  Maverick,  who  founded  a  home  on  Noddle's  Island, 
East  Boston.  Still  another  with  Gorges  was  William  Blackstone, 
a  graduate  of  Cambridge  University,  the  pioneer  and  only  white 
settler  in  Boston  for  several  years  after  1625.  He  is  a  somewhat 
shadowy  figure,  who  dwelt  near  a  famous  boiling  spring  on  the 
western  slope  of  Beacon  Hill,  one  of  the  three  hills  of  the  town. 
Spring  Lane,  off  lower  Washington  Street,  marks  the  location  of 
another  early  spring. 

The  town  was  founded  in  1630,  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I,  by 
English  colonists  sent  out  by  the  "Governor  and  Company  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England."  John  Winthrop,  who  had 
been  chosen  governor  to  lead  the  expedition  of  the  Bay  colonists 
to  the  New  World,  had  arrived  in  Salem  the  previous  June,  bearing 
with  him  the  Charter  of  1629,  which  transferred  for  the  first  time 
the  control  of  the  colony  from  England  to  New  England.  Salem 
not  proving  to  their  liking,  the  colonists  came  to  Charlestown, 
which  had  been  laid  out  and  named  by  men  from  Salem  the  previous 
year.  There  they  settled,  crossing  the  river  in  a  few  months  to 
Trimount,  the  more  desirable  site.  The  order  of  the  founding  of  the 
town  and  its  name  were  adopted  by  the  Court  of  Assistants  sitting 
in  the  Governor's  house  in  Charlestown  on  September  17, 1630.  The 
chief  members  of  the  company  came  from  Boston  in  Lincolnshire, 

1 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


hence  the  name  given  to  the  new  town  which  is  usually  held  to 
mean  Botolph's  ton  or  town.  At  first  the  settlement  was  called 
"Trimountaine,"  from  the  original  name  of  Sentry  or  Beacon  Hill, 
it  having  three  separate  peaks,  before  it  was  leveled  years  later. 

Settlers  from  Devonshire,  Dorsetshire,  and  Somersetshire  arrived 
at  Nantasket  in  the  ship  "Mary  and  John,"  May  30,  1630,  and 
established  themselves  at  Dorchester  and  Roxbury,  later  to  be- 
come parts  of  the  city.  During  the  summer  and  fall  of  1630  some 
fifteen  hundred  persons,  brought  in  twelve  ships,  found  their  way 

to  the  shores  of  Massachusetts 
Bay. 

The  outlines  of  the  old  town 
are  shown  on  the  map  on  the 
opposite  page.  It  included 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-three 
acres  of  solid  land  and  marshes, 
and  the  shore  was  much  cut  up 
by  bays  and  inlets.  A  narrow 
neck  of  land,  often  overflowed 
by  the  tides,  connected  the 
peninsula  with  the  mainland  at 
Roxbury.  The  waters  of  the 
harbor  came  into  the  town  dock 
at  the  head  of  the  "Great 
Cove,"  where  Dock  Square  is 
now,  and  the  Charles  River 
formed  a  large  bay  to  the  west, 

THE  OLD  SOUTH  CHURCH  afterwards    known     as    "Back 

Bay,"     at     the    present     time 
filled  in. 

The  South  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  sea  now  cutting  off  South  Boston 
from  Boston  Proper,  is  the  remnant  of  the  original  large  body  of 
water  which  occupied  this  region.  A  ferry  of  rowboats  was  estab- 
lished in  1637  connecting  Charlestown  with  the  town,  and  for  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years,  until  the  first  bridge  was  built,  this  was  the 
only  means  of  communication.  The  ferry  was  worth  forty  pounds 
a  year  to  the  ferryman  in  those  early  years,  and  soon  became  a 
source  of  income  to  Harvard  College,  being  given  to  the  college  by 
the  Court.  William  Wood,  an  educated  young  Englishman,  who 
visited  the  settlement  in  1630,  wrote  of  it: 

"Boston  is  two  miles  North-east  from  Roxberry:  His  situation 
is  very  pleasant,  being  a  Peninsula,  hem'd  in  on  the  Southside 
with  the  bay  of  Roxberry,  on  the  North-side  with  Charles-river, 


THE  FIRST  KING  S  CHAPEL 
AND  BEACON  HILL  IN  1742 


BOSTON 

The  solid  black  represents  the  part  which  has  been  filled.  A  large  portion  of  what  is  now 
the  principal  Business  District  was  originally  covered  by  water  and  was  connected  with  the 
mainland  by  a  very  narrow  neck.  The  Cambridge  side  of  Charles  River  has  also  been  filled 
quite  extensively. 


from  Guide  to  ffmrofolitan  '. 


Copyrighted,  1899,  by  George  H.  Walker  tf  Co,  Bc<i 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  3 

the  Marshes  on  the  backe-side,  being  not  halfe  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
over:  so  that  a  littel  fencing  will  secure  their  cattel  from  the 
Woolues.  ...  It  being  a  Necke  and  bare  of  wood  they  are  not 
troubled  with  three  great  annoyances  of  Woolves,  Rattlesnakes  and 
Musketoes." 

Indians  were  about  in  plenty,  however,  and  it  was  necessary  to 
be  on  the  constant  lookout  for  them.  It  was  for  protection  against 
these  foes  that  the  fort  was  built  on  Fort  Hill  in  1632  and  another 
in  East  Boston  (Noddle's  Island)  by  Samuel  Maverick,  he  who 
joined  with  Dr.  Robert  Child  in  1646  in  his  "Remonstrance  and 
humble  Petition"  to  the  General  Court,  that  the  fundamental  laws 
of  England  should  be  established  in  Massachusetts,  that  the  rights 
of  freemen  should  be  extended  to  all  truly  British  and  that  all  well- 
conducted  members  of  the  Church  of  England  should  be  received 
without  further  tests  or  covenants  into  the  New  England  churches, 
or  else  be  allowed  "to  settle  (themselves)  here  in  a  church  way, 
according  to  the  best  reformations  of  England  and  Scotland,"  i.e. 
on  the  Presbyterian  model.  Maverick,  who  was  a  freeman,  stood 
trial  with  the  other  petitioners  the  following  year,  was  sentenced 
and  imprisoned  twelve  days,  and  paid  a  fine  of  fifty  pounds,  for 
breaking  his  oath  and  appealing  against  the  intent  of  his  oath  of  a 
freeman. 

The  following  quotation  from  the  early  records  shows  some  of 
the  problems  which  confronted  the  settlers:  "At  the  General  Court 
at  Boston  in  September,  1632,  it  was  ordered  that  Richard  Hop- 
kins should  be  severely  whipt  and  branded  with  a  red  hot  Iron  on 
one  of  his  Cheeks,  for  selling  Guns,  Powder,  and  Shot  to  the  In- 
dians. At  the  same  Tune  the  Question  was  considered,  whether 
Persons  offending  in  this  way  ought  not  to  be  put  to  death  But  the 
Subject  was  referred  to  the  next  Court." 

Our  Puritan  forefathers  seldom  did  things  by  halves,  as  the  fore- 
going extract  shows.  Life  was  made  hard  for  heretics  and  "witches," 
and  punishments  were  swift  and  sure.  It  is  related  that  in  1640  one 
Edward  Palmer,  for  asking  an  excessive  price  for  a  pair  of  stocks 
which  he  had  been  hired  to  frame,  had  the  privilege  of  sitting  an 
hour  in  them  himself. 

The  settlement  was  hardly  formed  before  a  schoolmaster  had 
been  appointed  in  the  person  of  one  Philemon  Pormort,  of  the 
Boston  Latin  School,  the  first  of  that  long  line  of  schoolmasters 
that  has  kept  up  the  supremacy  of  letters  through  all  the  stress  of 
the  building  of  a  nation.  Harvard  College  was  founded  in  1636, 
and  it  has  remained  from  the  day  of  its  founding  not  only  the  first, 
but  the  foremost  university  in  America. 


4  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

These  were  the  days  of  the  greatest  usefulness  of  the  far-famed 
baked  beans.  To  the  settler,  tramping  of  a  Sunday  to  his  three- 
service,  all-day  worship,  gun  on  shoulder  and  eye  for  the  lurking 
savage,  it  was  satisfying  to  the  inner  man  to  find  on  returning  to 
his  rude  house  that  the  smoking  bean  pot,  snugly  ensconced  in  the 
embers,  had  been  cooking  in  his  absence,  and  was  ready  to  supply 
his  system  with  that  toothsome  trinity  of  proteids,  carbohydrates, 
and  fats,  the  Boston  Baked  Bean. 

Of  medicine  in  these  days  Dr.  O.  W.  Holmes  says:  "Our  fore- 
fathers appear  to  have  given  more  thought,  a  great  deal,  to  the 
salvation  of  their  souls,  than  to  the  care  of  their  bodies.  Disease 
itself,  the  offspring  of  sin  and  penalty  of  a  poisoned  nature,  was  for 
them  a  theological  entity  rather  than  a  disturbed  physiological 
process.  .  .  .  Very  little  is  recorded  of  the  practitioners  of  medi- 
cine compared  with  the  abundant  memoirs  of  the  preachers." 
There  were  physicians,  many  of  them  well  trained,  instance 
Samuel  Fuller,  the  first  physician,  who  came  in  the  "  Mayflower " 
and  ministered  to  the  Pilgrims  for  thirteen  years;  Giles  Firmin,  who 
settled  in  Ipswich  and  was  the  first  to  "read  upon  an  anatomy," 
that  is,  teach  anatomy  by  means  of  a  skeleton;  John  Clark  (1598- 
1664)  of  Newbury  and  Plymouth,  who  was  clever  at  cutting  for 
stone  and  introduced  a  breed  of  horses,  besides  being  the  progenitor 
of  a  long  line  of  physicians.  John  Winthrop,  Jr.,  son  of  the  first 
governor,  for  some  years  an  inhabitant  of  Massachusetts  and  after- 
wards Governor  of  Connecticut,  was  a  noted  physician.  Charles 
Chauncy  and  Leonard  Hoar,  presidents  of  Harvard  College,  were 
both  learned  in  medicine  and  taught  students.  Chauncy  was  a 
B.A.  and  Hoar  an  M.D.  of  Cambridge,  England. 

There  were  women  physicians  as  early  as  1636,  when  Anne 
Hutchinson  came  to  Boston  to  practice  her  profession.  She  is 
spoken  of  as  a  person  "Very  helpfull  in  the  times  of  childbirth,  and 
other  occasions  of  bodily  infirmities,  and  well  furnished  with  means 
for  those  purposes." 

Margaret  Jones  of  Charlestown,  the  first  person  to  be  hanged  in 
New  England  for  witchcraft  (1648),  was  a  practicing  physician. 
Her  medicines  were  said  to  have  "extraordinary  violent  effects." 
She  was  charged  with  "having  such  a  malignant  touch  that  if  she 
laid  her  hands  on  a  man,  woman,  or  child  in  anger,  they  were 
seized  presently  with  deafness,  vomiting,  or  other  sickness,  or 
some  violent  pains." 

The  most  important  event  in  the  medical  history  of  provincial 
times  was  the  introduction  of  inoculation  for  smallpox  in  1721. 
At  this  time  there  was  just  one  regularly  graduated  physician  in 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  5 

Boston,  William  Douglass.  He  opposed  inoculation  with  a  ready 
pen,  and  was  supported  by  the  press.  The  ministers  of  this  time 
were  quite  the  peers  of  the  doctors  in  medical  knowledge,  and  it  is 
not  strange  that  the  credit  for  the  introduction  of  variolous  inocu- 
lation should  be  given  to  Rev.  Cotton  Mather,  who  had  read  in  the 
Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London  that  this 
method  had  been  used  in  Turkey  as  a  preventive  against  smallpox. 

Dr.  Zabdiel  Boylston  supported  Dr.  Mather,  practiced  inocula- 
tion, and  even  inoculated  his  own  son  amid  the  most  violent  oppo- 
sition and  abuse,  his  life  at  one  time  being  in  danger. 

To  Dr.  Benjamin  Waterhouse  is  due  the  credit  for  the  introduc- 
tion of  vaccination  for  smallpox  in  the  United  States.  Dr.  Water- 
house  read  Jenner's  book  in  1799  and  a  little  later  Pearson's  book 
upon  Cow  or  Kinepox,  and  in  March,  1799,  began  the  publication 
of  articles  on  vaccination. 
He  received  vaccine  from 
England  and  first  of  all  vac- 
cinated his  own  son.  He 
furnished  infected  threads 
to  President  Jefferson  at 
Monticello,  with  which  the 
President  vaccinated  all  his 
immediate  family  and  prob- 
ably himself. 

The    American    Revolu- 
tion began  in  Boston.    Just 

.,     ..  N.  L.  Stebbins,  Photo 

when  the  agitation  started  pAUL  REyERE  HQUSE 

which   led  up  to   the  war 

is  a  matter  on  which  there  is  a  difference  of  opinion. 

The  citizens  of  Boston  had  an  opportunity  to  test  their  indepen- 
dence and  their  resources  as  far  back  as  1746,  when  Louis  XV  sent 
a  powerful  fleet  of  ships  under  Admiral  D'Anville  to  wipe  the  town 
off  the  face  of  the  map  because  of  the  taking  of  Louisburg  by  the 
Provincials  the  previous  year.  The  citizens  sank  stone  boats  in 
the  harbor,  and  organized  the  "train  bands  of  the  province"  to 
the  number  of  6400  men.  Their  deliverance  came  through  a  vio- 
lent storm  which  wrecked  the  French  fleet  off  Grand  Manan 
Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

The  colonists  of  New  England  had  learned  that  they  could  storm 
and  take  one  of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  America  without  help 
from  outside,  and  furthermore  they  had  defied  the  anger  of  the 
most  powerful  prince  in  Europe  and  had  come  off  without  harm, 
as  they  thought  by  the  providence  of  God, 


6  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Soon  after  this  the  impressment  of  American  seamen  in  the 
British  navy  aroused  the  ire  of  the  inhabitants.  It  seemed  as  if 
the  home  government  in  England  did  everything  it  could  to  an- 
tagonize the  colonists.  When  James  Otis  delivered  his  famous 
speech  against  the  "Writs  of  Assistance"  in  1761,  he  was  not  suc- 
cessful, to  be  sure,  but  he  aroused  the  people  and  taught  them  to 
maintain  their  rights.  "Sam"  Adams  was  the  quiet,  honored 
leader  behind  the  scenes  who  had  the  confidence  of  his  fellow- 
townsmen,  both  rich  and  poor.  He  called  town  meetings  upon 
occasions  of  need,  and  formal  and  dignified  resolutions  were  passed 
against  the  British  acts  of  repression. 

If  emphasis  were  needed  to  the  resolutions,  a  mob  appeared  in 
the  streets  and  did  Adams'  bidding.  The  Stamp  Act,  passed  by 
the  British  Parliament  in  1765  to  raise  revenues  in  the  American 
colonies  by  the  sale  of  stamps  and  stamped  paper  for  commer- 
cial purposes,  and  the  tax  on  tea  aroused  great  hostility  to  the 
government. 

In  State  Street  was  shed  the  first  blood  of  the  Revolution,  in  1770, 
when  the  soldiers  fired  on  one  of  the  mobs  and  killed  Crispus  At- 
tucks,  a  negro,  and  two  others.  This  was  the  so-called  "Boston 
Massacre." 

The  Boston  Tea  Party,  as  it  was  styled,  when  masked  men  disguised 
as  Indians  tossed  overboard  a  cargo  of  freshly  arrived  tea  from  a 
vessel  lying  at  Griffin's  Wharf,  occurred  December  16, 1773,  and  was 
the  cause  of  the  Boston  Port  Bill,  which  closed  the  port  to  trade. 

These  were  stirring  times  in  Boston.  Dr.  Joseph  Warren  left  his 
practice  to  further  the  cause  of  freedom.  Three  months  before  his 
death  at  Bunker  Hill  he  delivered  an  oration  in  the  Old  South 
Church  on  the  Boston  Massacre,  the  church  being  so  carefully 
guarded  by  the  soldiers  it  was  necessary  to  introduce  him  into  the 
building  through  a  window  behind  the  pulpit. 

It  was  only  by  chance  that  the  Americans  learned  of  the  British 
plans  to  destroy  the  stores  and  ammunition  collected  at  Concord. 
The  secret  had  been  so  well  kept  that  it  is  said  General  Gage's 
second  in  command  did  not  know  until  the  next  morning  the  troops 
had  marched  to  Lexington.  A  groom  of  a  British  grenadier  stay- 
ing at  the  Province  House  let  fall  the  remark  to  a  hostler,  John 
Ballard  by  name,  that  "there  would  be  hell  to  pay  to-morrow." 
This  was  April  18,  1775.  Ballard  was  a  liberty  boy,  and  feigning 
some  forgotten  errand,  left  the  stable  in  haste  and  carried  the  news 
to  Paul  Revere,  who  already  had  made  his  plans  as  to  the  signal 
lanterns  to  be  placed  in  the  steeple  of  the  "  Old  North,"  now 
Christ  Church. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  7 

On  June  17,  1775,  was  fought  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  It  is 
a  singular  coincidence  that  this  should  be  St.  Botolph's  Day,  the 
East  Anglian  saint  for  whom  old  Boston  in  England  was  named. 
On  the  same  day  befell  the  taking  of  Louisburg  by  the  Massachu- 
setts and  Connecticut  provincials  in  1745. 

The  names  of  Warren,  Putnam,  Prescott,  Pomeroy,  and  Stark 
are  writ  large  on  the  rolls  of  the  heroes  of  the  Revolution. 

That  the  raw,  undisciplined  Americans,  fighting  in  their  shirt- 
sleeves in  the  little  redoubt  only  eight  rods  square,  could  inflict  a 
loss  in  killed  and  wounded  of  one  quarter  of  General  Gage's  force 
was  glory  enough,  and  was  fraught  with  results  big  for  the  cause  of 
freedom,  notwithstanding  that  the  British  came  off  victors. 

The  loss  of  General  Joseph  Warren,  the  President  of  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress,  was  equal  to  that  of  five  hundred  men  in  the 
estimation  of  General  Howe,  who  knew  him  well.  To  the  remon- 
strance of  his  friend,  Elbridge  Gerry,  who  begged  him  not  to  go  to 
Bunker  Hill,  Warren  replied,  Dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  patria  mori. 
Deeply  hurt  by  the  reflections  cast  upon  the  courage  of  his  country- 
men, he  is  said  to  have  exclaimed,  "I  hope  I  shall  die  up  to  my 
knees  in  blood!"  He  was  shot  through  the  head  by  a  musket  ball, 
and  his  body  lay  on  the  field  until  the  next  day,  when  it  was  recog- 
nized by  Dr.  John  Jeffries,  and  was  buried  on  the  spot  where  he 
fell.  His  remains  were  removed  years  later  to  the  family  vault  in 
Forest  Hills  Cemetery. 

During  the  siege  of  Boston  in  1775  and  1776  by  the  Revolutionary 
Army,  General  Knox  succeeded  in  bringing  more  than  fifty  cannons, 
mortars,  and  howitzers  from  Ticonderoga,  Crown  Point,  and  other 
distant  places  to  the  lines  before  Boston,  dragging  them  on  sledges 
over  the  snow.  One  of  the  cannon  balls,  perhaps  from  these  very 
cannons,  found  lodgement  in  the  wall  of  the  Brattle  Square  Church, 
and  is  now  to  be  seen  at  the  rooms  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society. 

The  British  used  Faneuil  Hall  for  a  theater,  the  Old  South 
Church  for  a  riding  academy  for  the  dragoons,  the  Old  North 
Church  for  fuel,  and  made  themselves  as  obnoxious  as  they  could. 

On  the  morning  of  March  17,  1776,  they  awoke  to  find  that 
General  Washington  had  fortified  Dorchester  Heights,  now  in 
South  Boston,  so  that  he  could  pitch  cannon  balls  into  the  fleet  in 
the  harbor  and  into  the  town.  Accordingly  they  went  aboard  their 
ships  and  evacuated  the  town,  and  Washington  came  triumphantly 
in  over  the  Neck  from  Roxbury. 

Boston  originally  had  jurisdiction  over  Charlestown,  East  Bos- 
ton, Chelsea,  Revere,  Brookline,  Quincy,  Braintree,  and  Randolph, 


8  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

so  that  even  in  colonial  days  there  was  a  Greater  Boston.  It  was 
not  until  1739  that  Boston  was  limited  to  the  peninsula  proper  and 
certain  of  the  islands  of  the  harbor.  At  present  its  bounds  (26 
wards)  embrace  27,870  acres  (47.81  square  miles)  of  original  land, 
filled  marshes,  and  acquired  territory,  and  include  besides  "Boston 
Proper,"  starting  at  the  east  and  swinging  around  to  the  south, 
west,  and  north,  East  Boston,  South  End,  South  Boston,  Dor- 
chester, Hyde  Park,  Roxbury,  Jamaica  Plain,  West  Roxbury, 
Brighton,  Back  Bay,  West  End,  North  End,  and  Charlestown. 
Brookline,  the  wealthiest  town  in  the  country,  forms  a  wedge  be- 
tween Brighton  on  the  north,  and  Roxbury,  Jamaica  Plain,  and 
West  Roxbury  on  the  south,  and  so  far  has  resisted  all  efforts  to 
induce  it  to  join  the  municipality.  It  prefers  independence  and  a 
town  government. 

Boston  had  a  town  government,  with  a  board  of  selectmen,  until 
it  was  incorporated  as  a  city,  after  ten  futile  attempts,  February  23, 
1822.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  1734,  one  hundred  years 
after  its  settlement,  Boston  had  a  population  of  fifteen  thousand, 
which  is  about  the  present  population  of  Boston  in  England. 

In  1789  the  town  was  made  up  almost  entirely  of  wooden  build- 
ings, of  which  there  were  some  twenty-three  hundred,  and  the 
population  numbered  a  little  under  eighteen  thousand  souls. 

The  Metropolitan  District  includes  the  "Boston  Basin,"  a  terri- 
tory some  fifteen  miles  in  width,  lying  between  the  bay  on  the 
east,  the  ridge  of  the  Wellesley  Hills  and  Arlington  Heights  on  the 
west,  the  range  of  Blue  Hills  on  the  south,  and  as  far  as  Swamp- 
scott  on  the  north.  This  region  now  embraces  fourteen  cities  and 
twenty-six  towns,  with  a  population  in  1920  of  1,732,773,  or  forty- 
three  per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  the  state. 

Boston  is  divided  up  according  to  long-established  custom  into 
the  following  districts:  Central  or  Business  District;  East  Boston, 
—  two  islands,  Noddle's  and  Breed's;  South  Boston,  projecting 
into  the  harbor;  Dorchester  District  and  Hyde  Park  on  the  south- 
east; Roxbury  District  on  the  south;  Jamaica  Plain  and  West  Rox- 
bury on  the  southwest;  the  Back  Bay  and  the  Brighton  District 
on  the  northwest;  the  West  End  and  the  North  End  and  the 
Charlestown  District  on  the  north.  The  present  population  is 
747,923,  according  to  the  United  States  Census  of  1920. 

Business  has  now  spread  from  the  Central  District  to  the  North 
End,  West  End,  and  South  End,  and  also  into  the  Back  Bay.  The 
streets  of  the  city  are  notoriously  crooked  except  in  the  Back  Bay 
and  in  South  Boston.  They  are  picturesque,  individual,  and  con- 
venient. Many  of  them  were  at  first  lanes  and  paths;  all  of  them 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  9 

have  names  and  not  numbers,  with  the  single  exception  of  the 
streets  in  South  Boston. 

The  town  of  1630  was  laid  out  along  the  water  front,  and  most 
of  the  principal  houses  were  situated  in  the  neighborhood  of  what 
are  now  Dock  Square  and  State,  Washington,  and  Hanover  Streets. 
In  later  years  the  better  residential  section  spread  to  the  slopes  of 
Beacon,  Copp's,  and  Fort  hills,  and  up  Washington  and  Tremont 
Streets  to  the  South  End,  finally  forsaking  the  last  region  for  the 
Back  Bay. 

The  streets  were  lighted  by  lamps  until  1834,  when  gas  was  in- 
troduced from  the  works  erected  at  the  foot  of  Copp's  Hill  in  1828. 

The  early  springs  in  time  gave  place  to  wells,  and  these  to  run- 
ning water  brought  from  Jamaica  Pond  in  wooden  logs  by  a  com- 
pany incorporated  in  1795.  Cochituate  water  was  introduced  in 
1848,  and  there  was  a  celebration  to  mark  the  event  at  the  time 
at  the  Frog  Pond  on  the  Common,  for  which  James  Russell  Lowell 
wrote  his  ode  on  water. 

Water  for  the  city  now  comes  from  Lake  Cochituate,  the  Sud- 
bury  River,  and  the  great  Wachusett  Reservoir  of  the  Metropolitan 
Water  Works  at  Clinton,  Mass.  The  introduction  of  water  was 
brought  about  largely  by  the  occurrence  of  disastrous  fires.  There 
were  serious  conflagrations  in  1676,  1679,  1711,  and  1760.  The 
most  disastrous  of  all  was  the  great  fire  of  November  9,  1872,  which 
destroyed  property  to  the  amount  of  $60,000,000  in  the  business 
district. 

Boston  claims  as  her  son  Benjamin  Franklin,  printer,  writer,  in- 
ventor, shrewd  statesman,  diplomat.  Franklin  left  in  his  will  one 
thousand  pounds  to  "the  inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Boston  in 
Massachusetts."  This  was  to  accumulate  for  one  hundred  years 
when  "the  managers  were  to  lay  out  at  their  discretion  £100,000 
in  Public  Works  which  may  be  adjudged  of  most  general  utility  to 
the  Inhabitants."  In  1907  the  accumulated  fund  amounted  to 
$438,741.89  and  in  that  year  the  managers  erected  the  Franklin 
Union  Building  on  Berkeley  Street  at  the  South  End  to  carry  out 
his  wishes  and  to  honor  his  memory.  Daniel  Webster,  the  great 
orator,  statesman,  and  lawyer,  had  his  home  at  Marshfield,  not 
many  miles  from  our  city.  William  Thomas  Green  Morton,  a  den- 
tist and  later  the  holder  of  an  M.D.  degree,  first  used  ether  as  a 
surgical  anesthetic  at  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  Oc- 
tober 16,  1846.  His  name  was  entered  in  the  American  Hall  of 
Fame,  November  6,  1920. 

Boston  gave  to  the  world  the  electric  telegraph  and  the  tele- 
phone. S.  F.  B.  Morse,  the  inventor  of  the  telegraph,  wTas  born  in 


10  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Charlestown  in  1791,  and  the  first  experimental  line  was  stretched 
from  Milk  Street  to  School  Street  in  1839. 

Alexander  Graham  Bell  came  to  Boston  from  Scotland  in  1872, 
and  lectured  at  Boston  University.  At  the  laboratories  of  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  Harvard  University  he 
worked  out  what  is  probably  the  greatest  time-saving  invention  of 
the  age,  the  speaking  telephone.  Boston  is  now  one  of  the  greatest 
telephone  cities  of  the  country,  the  heart  of  the  telephone  industry, 
from  which  has  spread  throughout  the  world  this  wonderful  means 
of  bringing  people  at  a  distance  into  instant  communication.  In 
Quincy  was  built  the  first  railway  in  America,  a  short  line  stretch- 
ing from  the  granite  quarries  to  the  sea. 

The  Boston  region  has  been  foremost  in  popular  education 
from  Puritanical  times.  Counting  in  the  educational  equipment, 
there  are  within  the  scope  of  the  metropolitan  region  some  three 
million  books  which  may  be  consulted  by  the  public.  Many  notable 
figures  in  the  realm  of  pure  literature  adorn  the  pages  of  her  his- 
tory. Parkman,  Prescott,  and  Motley  wrote  their  histories  here. 

Here  lived  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  preacher,  poet,  philosopher, 
and  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  that  matchless  weaver  of  romances. 
Boston  and  Cambridge  were  the  homes  of  the  poets  Longfellow, 
Lowell,  and  Holmes,  and  Whittier  lived  not  far  away. 

Nathaniel  Bowditch  made  his  translation  of  Laplace's  "Meca- 
nique  Celeste"  in  Salem,  and  Asa  Gray,  the  botanist,  and  Louis 
Agassiz,  the  naturalist,  lived  and  worked  in  Cambridge. 

The  fishing  industry,  always  one  of  Boston's  chief  occupations, 
still  maintains  its  supremacy.  During  the  year  1920,  there  were 
received  direct  from  the  fishing  grounds  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  million  pounds  of  groundfish,  thus  making  it  the  greatest  fish- 
ing port  in  the  world.  Boston  is  the  second  port  in  point  of  size  in 
North  and  South  America.  It  is  the  greatest  wool  market  and  the 
greatest  boot  and  shoe  market  in  the  world.  In  public  spirit  our 
city  has  always  been  preeminent.  Bostonians  are  the  first  to  re- 
spond with  assistance  in  times  of  great  disasters.  A  recent  instance 
was  the  terrible  misfortune  which  came  upon  Halifax.  The  news 
was  barely  reported  before  measures  were  taken  to  send  relief .  As 
a  musical  center  Boston  has  been  preeminent,  and  the  fame  of  the 
Boston  Symphony  Orchestra  has  spread  throughout  the  world. 

Boston  has  been  defined  facetiously  as  "not  a  locality,  but  a 
state  of  mind,"  and  it  is  the  pride  of  Boston  and  of  Massachusetts 
that  this  state  of  mind  is  the  heritage  from  Winthrop  and  his  fol- 
lowers, who  brought  with  them  to  New  England  the  best  traditions 
of  Old  England. 


HOW  TO  FIND  THE  WAY  ABOUT  THE  CITY 

CONSULT  the  map  facing    page  2  and  note  the  points  of 
the  compass,  the  shape  of  the  city,  and  that  Boston  is  a 
peninsula  separated    from  the  mainland  (Cambridge  and 
Charlestown)  on  the  west  and  north  by  the  Charles  River,  from 
Chelsea  and  the  islands  of  East  Boston  on  the  northeast  by  Boston 
Harbor,  and  from  South  Boston  and   Dorchester  on  the  south- 
east by  the  South  Bay. 

Although  Boston  streets  are  narrow  and  crooked,  the  distances 
are  not  great.  A  circle  with  a  mile  radius  from  City  Hall  in  School 
Street  includes  all  of  Boston  proper  and  small  portions  of  Charles- 
town,  East  Boston,  and  the  South  End  and  a  large  section  of  the 
Back  Bay. 

Entering  Boston  from  the  south  over  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
&  Hartford  Railroad,  trains  stop  first  at  the  Back  Bay  Station. 
This  is  near  Copley  Square  and  the  Copley  Plaza  Hotel.  The  next 
stop  is  at  the  South  Station,  one  of  the  largest  stations  in  the  world. 
Trains  from  the  west,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  stop  at 
Huntington  Avenue  Station,  which  is  near  the  Back  Bay  Station. 
They  also  terminate  at  the  South  Station.  Outward-bound  trains 
stop  'at  Trinity  Place.  Trains  from  the  north  and  east  arrive  at 
the  North  Station  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad. 

There  are  two  main  streets  running  through  the  business  dis- 
trict of  Boston  —  Washington  and  Tremont.  Tremont  Street 
starts  at  Scollay  Square,  runs 
southward  along  Boston  Com- 
mon, then  swings  to  the  south- 
west and  across  the  city.  As 
Tremont  Street  approaches  the 
Common  it  is  joined  by  Park 
Street,  which  leads  to  the  State 
House.  The  principal  under- 
ground station  of  the  street 
railway  system  is  at  the  corner 
of  Park  and  Tremont  Streets. 
From  this  station  cars  run  L,  H,  shattuct,  Photo. 
northward  to  Scollay  and  Hay-  NORTH  STATION 

market  Squares  and  the  North 

Station,  where  some  of  the  cars  leave  the  subway  and  cross  the 
Charles  River  on  a  viaduct,  going  to  East  Cambridge  and  Somer- 
ville.  South-  and  westward-bound  cars  may  be  taken  at  Park  Street 

11 


12 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


for  points  in  the  Back  Bay,  Brookline,  Allston,  Brighton,  Newton, 
and  Watertown.  Cars  for  the  Huntington  Avenue  section  of  the 
Back  Bay,  and  for  Brookline  Village  leave  the  subway  at  Arlington 
Street,  near  the  Public  Garden.  The  other  cars  of  this  group 
pass  through  the  Boylston  Street  subway  to  Boylston,  Arlington, 
Copley,  Massachusetts,  and  Kenmore  stations,  then  coming  to  the 
surface.  All  of  these  cars  go  to  Copley  Square,  either  by  subway 
or  surface. 

From  the  sub-subway  at  Park  Street,  known  as  Park  Street 
Under,  trains  run  northward  to  Cambridge  and  Harvard  Square. 
Southward  they  pass  beneath  the  Washington  Street  tunnel,  next 


N.  L.  Stebbins,  Photo. 


SOUTH  STATION 


to  be  mentioned,  stopping  at  Washington  and  then  South  Station. 
They  then  pass  under  the  harbor  to  South  Boston  and  Andrew 
Square,  connecting  with  surface  cars  for  Dorchester. 

The  tunnel  trains  which  run  under  Washington  Street  through 
the  business  section  become  elevated  trains  at  either  end  of  the 
line.  The  elevated  structure  begins  at  Everett,  continues  to  Sulli- 
van, Thompson,  and  City  Squares  in  Charlestown,  and  becomes 
subway  at  the  North  Station.  The  subway  stations  are  Friend, 
Milk,  Summer,  and  Boylston  going  south,  and  Essex,  Winter,  State, 
and  Union  going  north.  Leaving  the  subway  again,  the  elevated 
stations  are  Dover,  Northampton,  Dudley,  Egleston  Square,  Green 
Street,  and  Forest  Hills.  Connections  with  surface  cars  are  made 
at  all  these  stations. 

One  other  subway  needs  to  be  mentioned.  The  West  End  cars, 
which  run  near  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  going  north 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  13 

pass  underground  on  Cambridge  Street,  stopping  at  Bowdoin  and 
Scollay  Under,  which  is  below  the  regular  Scollay  Square  Station. 
These  cars  run  as  a  cross-town  line,  connecting  with  the  Tremont 
and  Washington  Street  subways,  then  running  to  Devonshire  and 
Atlantic  Avenue,  thence  under  the  harbor  to  East  Boston. 

An  elevated  line  runs  from  the  North  Station,  along  the  Atlantic 
Avenue  water  front  to  the  South  Station.  At  Rowe's  Wharf  is  the 
steamship  line  for  Nantasket  Beach  and  the  ferry  to  East  Boston, 
connecting  with  the  Revere  Beach  trains. 

The  theater  district  is  near  the  southern  corner  of  Boston  Com- 
mon. Nearly  all  the  theaters  are  within  two  or  three' blocks,  on 
Tremont  Street  or  just  off  it.  The  Boston  Opera  House  is  on 
Huntington  Avenue,  beyond  Massachusetts  Avenue. 

From  Boston  Common,  near  the  corner  of  Park  and  Tremont 
Streets,  Winter  and  Summer  Streets  pass  through  the  heart  of  the 
business  section  to  the  South  Station.  Boylston  Street,  which 
originates  at  Washington  Street,  runs  westward  along  the  borders 
of  the  Common  and  Public  Garden  to  Copley  Square,  then  con- 
tinues across  Massachusetts  Avenue  and  ends  at  the  Fenway,  part 
of  the  Boston  park  system.  At  Copley  Square,  Huntington  Avenue 
branches  off  from  Boylston  Street  and  leads  southwestward  past 
many  public  buildings  to  the  Medical  Center  of  the  city,  where 
the  Harvard  Medical  School  and  nearly  a  dozen  hospitals  are  situ- 
ated. The  district  between  the  first  portion  of  Boylston  Street, 
Copley  Square,  and  Huntington  Avenue  on  the  one  side  and  the 
Charles  River  on  the  other  is  the  section  known  as  the  Back  Bay. 
This  is  chiefly  a  residential  district. 

Massachusetts  Avenue  is  a  cross-town  street,  starting  at  the  Bos- 
ton end  of  the  Harvard  Bridge  over  the  Charles  River,  crossing 
Beacon  Street,  Commonwealth  Avenue,  Boylston  Street,  Hunting- 
ton  and  Columbus  Avenues,  and  Washington  Street,  then  passing 
the  Boston  City  Hospital  and  continuing  to  South  Boston. 

Beacon  Street  starts  at  Tremont  Street,  opposite  School  Street 
(between  Scollay  Square  and  Park  Street),  curves  over  Beacon 
Hill  past  the  State  House,  borders  the  Back  Bay,  and  continues 
through  Brookline  to  Newton  Center. 

Commonwealth  Avenue  runs  from  the  Public  Garden  westward, 
running  at  first  parallel  to  Beacon  Street,  but  later  crossing  it 
near  the  Kenmore  Station  of  the  Subway  and  continuing  westward. 
The  cross  streets  between  the  Public  Garden  and  the  Rivenvay 
are  arranged  alphabetically — Arlington,  Berkeley,  Clarendon,  Dart- 
mouth, etc.  Visitors  should  notice  the  orderly  naming  of  these 
streets  and  forget  for  a  minute  the  maze  in  other  sections. 


14 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


Charles  Street  separates  the  Public  Garden  from  Boston  Common. 
It  starts  at  Park  Square  and  leads  down  by  the  Charles  River,  past 
the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  to  the  Charles  River  Dam. 
One  must  not  confuse  Park  Square  with  Park  Street.  They  are 
separated  by  Boston  Common. 


N.  L.  Stebblns,  Photo. 


PUBLIC   GARDEN 


CENTRAL  OR  BUSINESS  DISTRICT 


MOST  of  the  older  historic  landmarks  are  to  be  found  in  the 
Business  District  and  North  End,  or  the  part  of  the  pen- 
insula to  which  Colonial,  Provincial,  and  Revolutionary 
Boston  was  confined. 

Fort  Hill  Square  is  a  few  steps  from  the  Rowe's  Wharf  Station  of 
the  Boston  Elevated  Railway  on  passing  through  High  Street.  It 
is  the  site  of  Fort  Hill,  one  of  the  original  hills  of  old  Boston,  leveled 
in  1867-72.  Close  at  hand,  at  the  foot  of  Pearl  Street,  near  what  is 
now  the  western  side  of  Atlantic  Avenue  —  the  waterside  street  — 
was  Griffin's  Wharf,  scene  of 
the  Boston  Tea  Party.  A 
tablet,  with  a  model  of  a  tea 
ship  and  an  inscription, 
marks  the  spot  which  is 
now  not  on  the  water's  edge. 

Going  up  Pearl  Street, 
away  from  the  harbor,  we 
enter  Milk  Street  just  below 
Post  Office  Square.  The 
Post  Office  marks  the  easterly 
limit  of  the  great  fire  of  1872, 
which  burned  over  an  area 
of  sixty  acres,  and  destroyed 
property  to  the  amount  of 
sixty  million  dollars.  The 
crumbled  stone  on  the  Milk 
Street  side  of  the  building, 
and  a  tablet  in  the  wall  com- 
memorate the  disaster. 

Milk  and  Pearl  Streets 
were  the  site  of  many  fine 
residences  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  eighteenth  and  early 
part  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
turies. Some  of  the  first  families  of  the  town  occupied  spacious 
mansions,  surrounded  by  ample  lawns  and  gardens,  in  this  vicinity. 

Washington  Street  is  the  longest  thoroughfare  with  one  name  in 
New  England.  It  extends  from  Boston  to  Providence,  Rhode 
Island.  Within  the  city  limits  its  course  is  from  Haymarket  Square 
through  the  Central  District,  South  End,  Roxbury,  and  West 

15 


THE  OLD  SOUTH  CHURCH 


16 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


Roxbury  to  the  Dedham  line.  In  early  times  it  was  called  "the 
way  leading  towards  Roxbury,"  and  for  a  long  time  was  the  only 
approach  by  land  to  Boston.  The  part  between  State  Street  and 
Water  Street  in  the  Business  District  has  been  known  colloquially  as 
Newspaper  Row. 

Near  the  head  of  Milk  Street,  No.  19,  and  nearly  opposite  the 
Old  South  Church,  was  the  birthplace  of  Benjamin  Franklin  (1706- 
1790).  The  Old  South  Meeting-House,  corner  of  Milk  and  Wash- 
ington Streets,  was  built  in  1729.  A  previous  church  on  this  site  was 
built  in  1670.  On  Milk  Street,  just  behind  the  church,  is  the  site  of 
Governor  Winthrop's  second  mansion,  in  which  he  died. 

Otis,  Warren,  and  Hancock  addressed  the  citizens  from  the  pulpit, 
of  the  Old  South;  Whitefield  preached  here;  town  meetings  were 
held  in  the  Meeting-House  in  1773  that  led  up  to  the  Boston  Tea 

Party.  Dr.  Joseph  Warren  de- 
livered a  series  of  orations  on 
the  Boston  Massacre  here  three 
months  before  he  was  killed  at 
Bunker  Hill.  The  church  was 
used  as  a  riding-school  by  the 
British  dragoons  in  1775,  dur- 
ing the  siege  of  Boston.  The 
building  is  now  preserved  by 
an  organization  of  twenty-five 
Boston  women,  as  a  loan  mu- 
seum of  Revolutionary  and  other 
relics.  The  Old  South  Lectures 
to  young  people  on  patriotic 
subjects  are  held  here  frequently.  Open  to  the  public,  week  days, 
9  a.m.  to  5  p.m.  Fee,  twenty-five  cents. 

In  Spring  Lane,  the  next  street  to  Milk  Street  on  the  right-hand 
side,  going  north  on  Washington  Street,  is  the  site  of  the  earliest 
spring  mentioned  by  the  first  settlers.  It  is  marked  by  a  tablet. 
The  Old  Comer  Book  Store  building,  on  Washington  Street,  corner 
of  School  Street  and  nearly  opposite  Spring  Lane,  a  weathered  relic 
of  the  past,  was  built  on  the  site  of  Anne  Hutchinson's  dwelling 
in  1712  as  a  drug  store  and  was  a  book  store  until  the  firm  re- 
moved to  27  Bromfield  Slreet  in  1903.  Ticknor  and'  Fields,  and 
their  successors,  occupied  the  store  for  a  series  of  years,  and  many 
noted  authors  were  wont  to  gather  here.  No.  239  is  the  site  of 
Samuel  Cole's  Inn,  the  first  tavern  in  Boston  (1634),  later  known  as 
the  "Ship  Tavern."  The  great  fire  of  1711  started  in  the  rear  of 
the  tavern. 


ONE  OF  BOSTON  S  OLDEST  BUILDINGS 
Formerly  the  Old  Corner  Book  Store 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  17 

On  the  opposite  side  of  Washington  Street,  from  the  Old  South 
Church,  and  one  hundred  yards  or  so  south  (No.  327),  is  a  passage- 
way leading  into  Province  Court.  In  the  court  may  be  seen  a  por- 
tion of  the  wall  of  the  old  Province  House  (1679),  used  as  a  residence 
for  the  governors  in  colonial  times. 

Going  up  School  Street  we  come  to  the  Niles  Building  (No.  27) 
on  the  right-hand  side  of  the  street,  next  to  the  City  Hall.  This  was 
the  site  from  1785  to  1815  of  the  dwelling  of  Dr.  John  Warren, 
brother  of  Dr.  Joseph  Warren  and  great-grandfather  of  the  present 
Dr.  John  Collins  Warren.  He  was  the  first  Professor  of  Anatomy 
and  Surgery  in  the  Harvard  Medical  School. 

In  front  of  the  City  Hall  (1862),  on  School  Street,  are  the  statues 
of  Benjamin  Franklin,  by  Richard  Greenough,  and  that  of  the  elder 
Josiah  Quincy,  by  Thomas  Ball.  The  first  public  Latin  school- 
house  in  the  town,  the  predecessor  of  the  present  Latin  School  on 
Warren  Avenue,  was  erected  on  the  spot  between  the  City  Hall  and 
King's  Chapel  in  1635,  whence  the  name  of  the  street.  See  the 
tablet  on  the  stone  post  in  the  fence  in  front  of  City  Hall,  also  a 
tablet  marking  the  site  of  the  house  of  Gen.  Frederick  Haldimand. 

Passing  through  City  Hall  Avenue  we  come  to  City  Hall  Annex, 
a  large  office  building  on  the  site  of  the  Old  Court  House  which  was 
associated  with  the  fugitive  slave  riots.  In  this  building  are  the 
offices  of  the  Boston  Health  Department  under  the  charge  of  Com- 
missioner W.  C.  Woodward,  formerly  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

Boston  Health  Department.  A  board  of  health  was  first  estab- 
lished in  Boston  in  1799.  Paul  Revere,  the  hero  of  Longfellow's 
poem,  was  its  chairman.  When  Boston  became  a  city  in  1822  the 
functions  of  the  board  of  health  were  vested  in  a  committee  of  the 
City  Council.  A  serious  smallpox  epidemic  led  to  the  re-establish- 
ment of  a  separate  board  of  health  in  1872. 

In  1914  a  city  ordinance  established  the  present  form  of  organiza- 
tion of  the  Boston  Health  Department,  and  vested  in  a  single 
Health  Commissioner  practically  all  the  powers  formerly  possessed 
by  the  board  of  health.  As  at  present  organized  the  Health  Depart- 
ment comprises  the  following  divisions:  Medical,  Child  Hygiene, 
Sanitary,  Food  Inspection,  Laboratory,  and  the  Division  of  Vital 
Statistics,  Records,  and  Accounts.  For  the  purposes  of  practical 
administration  the  Food  Inspection  Division  is  sub-divided  into 
the  Market,  Store,  and  Restaurant  Service;  the  Milk  Inspection 
and  the  Dairy  Inspection  Services.  Owing  to  the  wide  area  from 
which  Boston's  milk  supply  is  derived,  this  last-named  service  is 
called  on  to  maintain  a  surveillance  over  milk  producers  not  only 
in  all  the  New  England  states,  but  also  in  Canada  and  New  York 


18 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


state.    The  Milk  Inspection  Service  controls  the  sale  of  milk  within 
the  city. 

At  the  Health  Department  Laboratory  in  City  Hall  Annex  any 

physician     or     dentist     in 

r  Boston  may  have  made  for 

him,  free  of  charge,  any 
kind  of  laboratory  exam- 
ination to  assist  him  in 
establishing  a  correct  diag- 
nosis in  any  case  of  sus- 
pected contagious  disease. 

The  general  death  rate 
in  Boston  has  decreased 
from  26.77  in  1876  to  15.63 
in  1919. 

Returning  to  School 
Street,  and  passing  to 
Tremont,  we  come  to  King's 
Chapel.  Built  in  1749,  it 
is  the  second  King's  Chapel 
on  the  site,  and  the  first 
Episcopal  Church  in  Bos- 
ton. It  was  built  of  Quincy 
granite  from  designs  of 
Peter  Harrison,  an  Eng- 
lishman, and  has  been  little  altered.  Note  the  communion  table  of 
1688  and  the  tablets.  It  became  the  first  Unitarian  Church  in 
the  United  States  in  1785.  It  is  open  daily  from  9  a.m.  to  12  m. 

The  King's  Chapel  Burying  Ground  is  nearly  as  old  as  Boston. 
The  earliest  interment  of  which  there  is  a  record  is  that  of  Governor 
Winthrop  in  1649.  John  Cotton  (1652),  pastor  of  the  First  Church; 
Thomas  Thacher  (1678),  first  pastor  of  the  Old  South  Church, 
physician,  and  author  of  the  first  publication  on  a  medical  subject 
in  America;  Governor  John  Leverett  (1809),  and  Judge  Oliver 
Wendell,  grandfather  of  Oliver  Wen- 
dell Holmes,  were  buried  herd. 

Across  School  Street  from  King's 
Chapel  is  the  Parker  House,  one  of 
the  chief  hotels  of  Boston.  A  part 
of  the  hotel  covers  the  site  of  Edward 
Everett  Hale's  birthplace.  Across 
Tremont  Street  is  the  Tremont  Office 
Building,  occupying  the  site  of  the  THE  WINTHRop  TOMB 


KING  S  CHAPEL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


19 


JOHN  HANCOCK 
MONUMENT 


Tremont  House,  a  famous  inn  for  sixty 

years  previous  to  1889. 

Tremont  Temple,  next  to  the  Parker 

House,   76    to   88  Tremont  Street,  was 

founded  as  a  Free   Baptist  Church  in 

1839.    The  present  building  is  the  fourth 

temple  on  this  site.    It  contains  a  large 

hall  for  public  meetings. 
The  Granary  Burying  Ground  is  on 

the  west  side  of  Tremont  Street,  between 

Beacon  and  Park  Streets.    Here  lie  buried 

John   Hancock,  Samuel  Adams,  James 

Otis,  Robert  Treat  Paine,  Peter  Faneuil, 

Paul  Revere,  Josiah  Franklin  and  wife 

(parents  of  Benjamin  Franklin),  John 

Phillips,    first    mayor    of   Boston,    and 

father  of  Wendell  Phillips;  many  gov- 
ernors,   as    Richard    Bellingham    and 

James  Bowdoin,  and  the  victims  of  the 

Boston  Massacre  of  1770. 
Park  Street  Church  (1808)  (Congregational  Trinitarian)  adjoins 

the  Granary  Burying  Ground  at  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Park 

Streets  —  "Brimstone  Corner,"  so  called  by  the  unrighteous.    It  is 

the  best  example  remaining  in  the  city  of  the  early  nineteenth- 
century  ecclesiastical  architecture.  It 
stands  on  the  site  of  the  town  granary, 
from  which  the  town  agents  sold  grain 
to  the  poor.  Here  William  Lloyd  Gar- 
rison gave  his  first  public  address  against 
slavery,  and  Charles  Sumner  delivered 
his  great  oration  on  "The  War  System 
of  Nations."  In  this  church  "America  " 
was  first  sung  on  July  4,  1832. 

Looking  into  Hamilton  Place,  nearly 
opposite  the  entrance  to  Park  Street 
Church,  we  see  the  northerly  front  of 
the  old  Music  Hall,  built  by  the  Harvard 
Musical  Association  in  1852,  and  now 
a  vaudeville  theater.  Theodore  Parker 
preached  here,  and  this  was  the  home 
of  the  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra  until 
Symphony  Hall,  at  the  corner  of  Mas- 
FRANKLIN  MONUMENT  sachusetts  and  Huntington  Avenues,  was 


20  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

built  in  1900.  The  Boston  Medical  Library  had  its  rooms  in 
Hamilton  Place,  when  first  organized  in  1875. 

No.  2  Park  Street  was  the  house  of  Dr.  John  C.  Warren.  Here 
Dr.  J.  Mason  Warren  was  born  and  died,  and  the  present  Dr.  J. 
Collins  Warren  began  practice.  It  was  occupied  for  a  short  time  by 
the  historian,  John  Lothrop  Motley. 

In  Winter  Street  corner  of  Winter  Place  is  the  site  of  the  home  of 

Samuel  Adams  from  1784 
•    until  his  death  in  1802.    It 
|  is  marked  by  a  tablet. 

Boston  Common  was  set 
apart  as  a  place  for  a  train- 
ing field  and  for  feeding  the 
cattle  in  1634,  four  years 
after  the  settlement  of  the 
town.  It  extended  origi- 
nally from  the  junction  of 
Beacon  and  Tremont  Streets 
to  the  waters  of  the  Charles 
River,  where  Charles  Street 
is  now.  At  present  it  com- 
prises about  forty-nine 
acres,  and  is  bounded  by 
Beacon,  Park,  Tremont, 
Boylston,  and  Charles  Streets, 
being  separated  from  the 
Public  Garden  by  the  last- 
named  street.  It  has  been 
PARK  STREET  CHURCH  preserved  intact  by  orders 

of  the  town,  and  by  a  clause 

in  the  City  Charter,  forbidding  its  sale  or  lease,  or  the  laying  out 
within  its  precincts  of  any  highway  or  railway.  From  time  to  time 
portions  of  three  sides,  on  Park,  Tremont,  and  Boylston  Streets,  have 
been  trimmed  off  to  enlarge  the  areas  of  these  highways,  the  last 
slice  being  taken  from  the  Tremont  and  Boylston  Street  sides  in  1920. 
Handsome  trees  and  broad  walks  have  been  permanent  features  of 
the  Common  for  many  years.  It  is  still  used  as  a  training  field  by 
the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company  (1637),  who  an- 
nually go  through  their  manoeuvres  on  the  Parade  Ground  on  the 
Charles  Street  side,  and  by  the  Boston  School  Regiment,  who  have 
then*  May  trainings  upon  it.  The  surface  of  the  southern  portion 
has  recently  been  raised  and  leveled,  the  Common  benefiting  from 
the  George  Parkman  fund  for  the  upkeep  of  the  city  parks.  It 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  21 

was  from  the  Parade  Ground  that  the  British  took  boats  for  Lex- 
ington and  Concord  in  April,  1775,  and  later  assembled  forces  for 
Bunker  Hill.  Cows  were  pastured  on  the  Common  as  late  as  1830. 
The  walk  along  Tremont  Street  is  called  Lafayette  Mall.  When  the 
Subway  was  started  in  1895,  the  mall  was  bordered  by  several  rows 
of  ancient  elms  which  were  in  a  decadent  condition.  These  were 
removed  by  the  building  of  the  Subway.  Note  the  granite  build- 
ings at  the  entrances  and  exits  of  the  Subway.  Also  on  the  opposite 
side  of  Tremont  Street,  between  Winter  Street  and  Temple  Place, 
St.  Paul's  Church,  the  fourth  Episcopal  church  in  Boston,  dating 
from  1820.  Daniel  Webster  attended  this  church,  and  the  remains 
of  Prescott,  the  historian,  are  buried  in  the  crypt.  In  the  east- 
erly corner  of  the  Common  opposite  Park  Street  Church  is  a  memo- 
rial tablet  to  William 
Blackstone,  Boston's 
first  settler,  and  the 
Brewer  Fountain  is 
now  just  back  of  the 
Subway  exit. 

About  halfway  be- 
tween West  and  Mason 
Streets,  in  the  green 
facing  Lafayette  Mall, 
is  the  Crispus  Attucks 
Monument,  by  Robert 
Kraus,  erected  by  the  THE  FROG  POND 

State  in  1888  to  commemorate  the  Boston  Massacre  of  1770;  and 
near  it  is  one  of  the  old  "Paddock  elms." 

In  Mason  Street,  entered  just  to  the  south  of  the  Crispus  Attucks 
Monument,  is  the  second  home  in  Boston  of  the  Harvard  Medical 
School.  The  building  on  the  easterly  side  of  the  street,  next  to  the 
rear  entrance  of  the  Boston  Theater,  and  occupied  in  the  lower 
story  by  the  fire  department  as  an  engine  house,  was  erected  in 
1815  for  the  Medical  School,  and  was  occupied  by  the  school  until 
1847.  Upstairs  and  in  the  adjoining  building  the  rooms  of  the 
Boston  School  Committee  have  been  for  fifty  years.  They  are  to  be 
moved  to  15  Beacon  Street  soon.  The  Boston  Theater,  which  was 
first  opened  to  the^?ublic  in  1854,  was  in  its  day  the  finest  and  largest 
theater  in  the  country,  and  even  now  can  hold  its  own  in  point  of 
size  and  acoustic  properties.  The  stage  is  100x96  feet,  and  the 
auditorium  seats  3037  people.  "The  Rivals"  was  the  opening  play, 
given  by  an  excellent  cast.  Among  the  famous  men  and  women  seen 
on  this  stage,  John  Gilbert,  Edwin  Forrest,  Edwin  Booth,  Charlotte 


22 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


Cushman,  Clara  Louise  Kellogg,  Ole  Bull,  Clara  Morris,  Joseph 
Jefferson,  Adelaide  Phillips,  and  Carlotta  Patti  are  the  most  noted. 

On  one  corner  of  Boylston  and  Tremont  Streets  is  the  Masonic 
Temple  (1898),  housing  thirteen  different  lodges,  and  on  the  op- 
posite corner  the  Touraine,  one  of  Boston's,  leading  hotels,  on  the 
site  of  the  mansion  house  of  President  John  Quincy  Adams,  and 
the  birthplace  of  his  son  Charles  Francis  Adams.  The  remaining 

corner  is  the  Little  Office 
Building,  on  the  site  of  the 
Hotel  Pelham,  the  first 
family  hotel  in  the  county, 
built  and  lived  in  by  the 
late  Dr.  John  Homer  Dix, 
an  early  ophthalmologist. 
On  the  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  Boylston  Streets 
the  Continental  Clothing 
House  (No.  651)  is  on  the 
site  of  the  Boylston  Mar- 
ket, one  of  the  two  original 
markets  of  the  old  town; 
and  opposite  it,  on  the  other 
side  of  Washington  Street, 
in  the  wall  of  the  building 
on  the  corner  of  Essex 
Street,  is  a  stone  tablet 
marking  the  location  of 
the  Liberty  Tree,  planted 
in  1646,  and  cut  down  by 
the  Tories  in  1775.  When 
cut  up  it  made  fourteen  cords  of  wood.  A  flagstaff  was  erected  on 
the  stump  of  the  tree,  and  the  ground  around  it  was  called  "Liberty 
Hall"  for  many  years.  Stamp  act  meetings  were  held  here,  and 
Tory  leaders  hung  in  effigy. 

The  old  Central  Burying  Ground  (1756)  is  on  the  Boylston  Street 
side  of  the  Common.  Here  are  buried  Gilbert  Stuart,  the  portrait 
painter,  and  M.  Julien,  he  of  Julien  soup  fame.  Coming  from 
France  as  a  refugee  from  the  French  Revolution,  he  kept  a  famous 
restaurant,  called  "Julien's  Restorator,"  the  first  of  the  sort  in  the 
town.  The  Army  and  Navy  Monument  is  on  the  hill  nearly  in  the 
center  of  the  Common.  It  was  erected  by  the  city  in  1877,  and  is 
the  work  of  Martin  Milmore.  At  the  foot  of  this  hill,  to  the  east, 
stood  the  "  Great  Elm,"  which  was  thought  to  be  older  than  the 


"THE  LONG  PATH' 

BOSTON  COMMON 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


23 


Copyright,  1897,  ty  Augustus  St.  Gaudens 
he  above  reproduction  authorised  by  the  sculptor 

SHAW  MONUMENT 


town.  From  its  limbs  witches  and  pirates  were  hung.  It  was  blown 
down  in  a  windstorm  February  15,  1876.  A  tree,  grown  from  a 
shoot  and  an  iron  tablet  IB •--  ^.^^J^M^^^. 

now  mark  the  site. 

On  the  easterly  side  of 
Monument  Hill  is  the 
Frog  Pond,  a  shallow  pool, 
the  survivor  of  a  marshy 
bog  which  formerly  occu- 
pied this  ground.  The 
children  sail  their  boats 
here  in  the  summer  and 
skate  in  winter.  Latterly 
the  boys  have  been  per- 
mitted to  bathe  in  the 
pond.  "The  Long  Path," 
which  runs  from  Joy 
Street  to  Boylston  Street, 
is  made  immortal  in  Dr.  Holmes's  "Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast 
Table."  On  the  southerly  side  of  the  hill  is  the  Parkman  Band 
Stand  where  concerts  are  given  and  speeches  made  upon  occasion. 

One  of  the  finest  pieces    of  outdoor  sculpture  in  the    city  is 
the  Colonel  Robert  Gould  Shaw  Memorial  (1897)  on  the   Beacon 
Street  Matt,  facing  the  State  House.    The  large  bronze  tablet  in  high 
.  ^  ...   ,-  relief,  representing  Colonel 

I  Shaw  mounted  at  the  head 
!  of  his  colored  troops,  is 
the  work  of  Augustus  St. 
Gaudens,  and  the  architect 
of  the  elaborate  stone  set- 
ting was  Charles  F.  McKim. 
There  is  an  inscription  by 
President  Eliot,  and  also 
verses  by  Lowell  and  Emer- 
son. The  residence  of  John 
Hancock,  the  first  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  American 
Independence,  and  first 
governor  of  Massachusetts 
under  the  State  Constitu- 

THE  JOHN   HANCOCK  HOUSE  ^  ,        ,  "t      t      th 

Shaw  Memorial  on  the  site  numbered  29  Beacon  Street.  See  the  tablet 
on  the  iron  fence  in  front  of  the'newly  laid-out  State  House  grounds. 


24 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


The  State  House  (1795),  with  its  gilded  dome,  stands  at  the  top 
of  a  broad  sweep  of  granite  steps  on  Beacon  Hill.  It  occupies  the 
cow  pasture  of  the  Hancock  estate.  The  historic  Bulfinch  Front 
was  designed  by  Charles  Bulfinch,  and  was  the  Massachusetts  State 
House  until  1853,  when  an  addition  to  the  Mt.  Vernon  Street  side 
was  built.  The  Bulfinch  Front  of  brick  is  now  painted  to  match 
the  white  marble  of  the  new  wings.  The  State  House  Annex,  the 
portion  of  the  building  extending  back  to  Derne  Street,  crossing 
Mt.  Vernon  Street  by  an  arch,  was  built  on  the  site  of  the  old  stone 
reservoir  in  1889.  The  dome  was  first  gilded  in  1874,  and  of  late 
years  it  has  been  illuminated  at  night  by  rows  of  electric  lights. 
The  construction  of  the  east  and  west  wings  was  begun  in  June, 
1914,  and  only  recently  finished  and  the  grounds  laid  out  anew. 


STATE   HOUSE 

In  the  State  House  are  the  headquarters  of  the  Board  of  Regis- 
tration in  Medicine  and  the  State  Department  of  Health.  As  re- 
gards the  Board  of  Registration  in  Medicine,  Massachusetts  has 
adopted  a  single  standard  for  registration.  All  graduates  of  medical 
colleges  which  give  a  full  four-year  course  are  eligible  for  examina- 
tion by  the  board.  Members  of  the  board  are  appointed  by  the 
Governor,  each  serving  for  a  term  of  seven  years.  No  medical 
society  may  be  represented  on  the  board  by  more  than  three  of  its 
members.  The  board  examines  candidates  whose  medical  acquire- 
ments have  been  found  satisfactory,  registers  those  who  have 
passed  the  examinations,  conducts  hearings  upon  complaints  of 
illegal  or  unprofessional  conduct  of  physicians,  and  maintains  a 
bureau  of  information  relating  to  physicians.  Regular  examina- 
tions are  conducted  in  March,  May,  July,  September,  and  No- 
vember, and  special  examinations  when  required. 

The  Massachusetts  Department  of  Public  Health,  the  oldest 
State  Department  in  the  country,  having  been  founded  in  1869, 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  25 

has  its  headquarters  at  the  State  House  where  most  of  the  divisions 
are  situated.  The  Board  of  Health  was  reorganized  with  enlarged 
powers  in  1886,  and  again  in  1914  when  the  present  scheme  with  a 
commissioner  and  public  health  council  was  adopted.  The  biologic 
laboratories  are  in  Forest  Hills,  the  Wassermann  Laboratory  at  the 
Harvard  Medical  School,  the  Arsphenamine  factory  in  Brookline, 
the  Experiment  Station  at  Lawrence,  and  the  four  state  tuberculosis 
sanatoria  at  Lakeville,  North  Reading,  Rutland,  and  Westfield, 
respectively. 

The  Department  consists  of  a  Commissioner  with  a  Public  Health 
Council  of  six  members;  eight  divisions,  each  in  charge  of  a  Director; 
and  seven  District  Health  Officers,  representing  the  Commissioner 
in  the  field,  but  for  administration  purposes  placed  under  one  of 
the  divisions.  These  district  health  officers  as  their  chief  function 
serve  as  advisers  to  the  boards  of  health  of  the  different  cities  and 
towns. 

In  this  State,  the  Department  of  Public  Health  is  largely  an  ad- 
visory body,  though  there  are  certain  exceptions  to  this  rule.  For 
example,  the  Department  has  charge  of  the  licensing  of  all  dispensa- 
ries in  the  State;  and  all  hospitals  taking  cases  of  communicable 
disease  conform  to  the  standards  laid  down  by  the  Department. 
The  Division  of  Food  and  Drugs  enforces  the  general  and  special 
food  and  drug  laws,  the  milk  laws  relating  to  adulteration,  the 
state  cold-storage  laws,  and  a  portion  of  the  laws  relating  to  slaugh- 
tering. The  examination  of  samples  of  water  from  the  water  sup- 
plies of  the  State  and  of  samples  of  sewage  is  made  by  the  Division 
of  the  Water  and  Sewage  Laboratories.  The  Division  of  Engineer- 
ing makes  special  studies  of  sanitary  engineering  problems  and 
advises  cities  and  towns  on  questions  relating  to  water  supply, 
drainage,  and  sewerage. 

The  Division  of  Biologic  Laboratories  produces  the  vaccines  and 
antitoxins  furnished  free  to  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth.  The 
Division  of  Communicable  Diseases  has  charge  of  the  epidemio- 
logical  work  of  the  Department.  It  is  in  this  division  that  the 
district  health  officers  are  placed.  The  Division  of  Tuberculosis 
controls  the  State  Sanatoria.  The  Division  of  Hygiene  is  re- 
sponsible for  the  child  hygiene  work  of  the  Department,  a  large 
part  of  the  educational  work,  and  also  the  efforts  directed  against 
cancer. 

The  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Health,  Dr.  Eugene 
R.  Kelley,  is  Room  546,  State  House,  Boston. 

The  Massachusetts  Department  of  Mental  Diseases  supervises 
the  insane,  the  feeble-minded,  and  the  epileptic.  There  are  about, 


26  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

17,600  insane  under  care,  3500  feeble-minded,  and  about  800  sane 
epileptics.  The  Department  of  Mental  Diseases  succeeded  the 
State  Board  of  Insanity  in  1916,  and  consists  of  a  Commissioner 
and  four  associate  members  appointed  by  the  Governor,  the  Com- 
missioner, George  M.  Kline,  and  two  associate  members  being 
physicians. 

There  are  at  present  twelve  State  institutions  caring  for  the  in- 
sane, one  institution  which  cares  for  the  epileptic,  both  sane  and 
insane,  two  State  institutions  for  the  feeble-minded,  with  a  third 
under  construction  at  Belchertown.  One  institution  cares  for  chil- 
dren of  the  defective  type.  There  is  also  a  site  for  a  proposed 
Metropolitan  Hospital  for  the  insane  at  Waltham. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  Department  has  under  its  care  pri- 
vate institutions  as  follows :  Thirteen  institutions  for  the  insane, 
one  for  epileptics,  six  for  persons  addicted  to  the  intemperate  use 
of  narcotics  or  stimulants,  and  six  for  the  feeble-minded. 

Following  is  a  list  of  State  institutions  wThere  the  above-named 
classes  of  patients  are  cared  for,  the  addresses  being  added  in  case 
any  visitors  wish  to  inspect  the  hospitals :  — 

STATE  HOSPITALS 

Worcester  State  Hospital.  Location,  Belmont  Street,  Worcester, 
\]/2  miles  from  Union  Station  (Boston  &  Albany,  New  York,  New  Haven 
&  Hartford,  and  Boston  &  Maine  R.R.). 

Taunton  State  Hospital.  Location,  Hodges  Avenue,  Taunton,  1  mile 
from  railroad  station  (New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  R.R.). 

Northampton  State  Hospital.  Location,  Prince  Street  ("Hospital 
Hill"),  Northampton,  1^  miles  from  the  railroad  station,  reached  by 
carriage  (Mass.  Central  &  Conn.  River  branches  of  Boston  &  Maine; 
and  New  Haven  and  Holyoke,  Northampton,  branches  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  R.R.). 

Danvers  State  Hospital.  Location,  Maple  and  Newbury  Streets, 
Danvers,  }/±  mile  from  railroad  station. 

Westborough  State  Hospital.  Location,  2*4  miles  from  Westbor- 
ough  station  (Boston  &  Albany) ;  1  mils  from  Talbot  station  (New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  R.R.). 

Boston  State  Hospital.  Location,  East  Group,  Harvard  Street, 
Dorchester,  near  Blue  Hill  Avenue.  West  Group,  Walk  Hill  Street, 
about  y<L  mile  from  Blue  Hill  Avenue.  Trolley  cars  marked  "  Mattapan." 

Grafton  State  Hospital.  Location  on  main  line  of  the  Boston  & 
Albany  R.R.,  between  Worcester  and  Westborough,  about  8  miles  from 
Worcester,  and  can  be  reached  by  trolley  from  Worcester  or  from  the 
Westborough  or  North  Grafton  stations  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  R.R., 
or  from  the  Lyman  Street  crossing  of  the  Boston  &  Worcester  electric 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  27 

Medfield  State  Hospital.  Location,  Asylum  Road,  1  mile  from 
Medfield  Junction  railroad  station. 

Gardner  State  Colony.  Location,  East  Gardner,  two  minutes'  walk 
from  East  Gardner  railroad  station. 

Monson  State  Hospital.     Location,  1  mile  from  railroad  station. 

Foxborough  State  Hospital.  Location,  1  mile  north  of  Foxborough 
Center.  Can  be  reached  by  trolley  from  Norwood  or  Mansfield. 

Massachusetts  School  for  the  Feeble-Minded  at  Waltham.  Lo- 
cation, near  Clematis  Brook  station  (Fitchburg  Division,  Boston  &  Maine 
R.R.);  about  1  mile  from  Waverley  station  (Fitchburg  Division  and 
Southern  Division,  Boston  &  Maine). 

Wrentham  State  School.  Location,  Emerald  Street,  Wrentham,  1 
mile  from  railroad  station  (New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  R.R.). 

Mental  Wards,  State  Infirmary,  Tewksbury.  Location,  about  % 
mile  from  railroad  and  from  electric  cars.  Coach  from  infirmary  meets 
most  of  the  trains. 

Bridgewater  State  Hospital.  Location,  %  mile  fr°m  railroad  sta- 
tion (Titicut),  (New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  R.R.). 

Boston  Psychopathic  Hospital.  Location,  74  Fenwood  Road,  Bos- 
ton; reached  by  South  Huntington  Avenue  or  Chestnut  Hill  car  lines 
from  Park  Street  Subway  Station. 

On  the  highest  of  the  three  original  peaks  of  Beacon  hill,  rising  to 
the  rear  and  north  of  the  Bulfinch  Front,  the  Beacon,  from  which  the 
hill  takes  its  name,  was  erected  soon  after  1630,  to  warn  the  country 
of  danger.  It  consisted  of  an  iron  skillet,  filled  with  combustibles, 
suspended  from  a  mast.  An  Independence  Monument,  the  first  in 
America,  designed  by  Bulfinch,  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  Beacon 
in  1790,  and  in  1811,  when  the  peak  was  leveled,  this  monument 
was  destroyed,  only  the  tablets  and  the  gilded  wooden  eagle  which 
surmounted  it  being  preserved.  The  present  monument,  a  repro- 
duction of  the  Bulfinch  one,  was  erected  by  the  Bunker  Hill  Monu- 
ment Association  in  1898,  as  nearly  as  possible  on  the  site  of  the 
original  beacon. 

In  front  of  the  State  House  are  the  statues  of  Horace  Mann,  by 
Emma  Stebbins,  on  the  south  side,  and  Daniel  Webster,  by  Hiram. 
Powers,  on  the  north  side.  Farther  away,  on  the  Beacon  Street  side, 
is  the  equestrian  statue  of  Major-General  Joseph  Hooker,  by  D.  C. 
French,  the  horse  by  E.  C.  Potter.  The  statue  on  the  lawn  near  the 
monument  is  that  of  Major-General  Charles  Devens,  by  Olin  L. 
Warner.  The  entrance  hall  in  the  Bulfinch  Front  is  Doric  Hall. 
Note  the  statues  of  Washington  and  Governor  John  A.  Andrew, 
and  the  brass  cannon  captured  in  the  War  of  1812. 

The  historical  paintings  in  the  Grand  Staircase  Hall  are  to  be 
noted,  also  an  excellent  bronze  statue  by  Bela  L.  Pratt  representing 


28  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

an  army  nurse  supporting  a  wounded  soldier  with  an  inscription  to 
the  army  nurses  of  the  Civil  War.  In  the  marble  Memorial  Hall 
are  the  battle  flags  carried  by  the  Massachusetts  Volunteers  in  the 
Civil  War,  and  mural  paintings  by  H.  O.  Walker  and  Edward 
Simmons. 

In  Representatives'  Hall  see  the  historic  codfish  suspended  op- 
posite the  Speaker's  desk.  This  is  a  reproduction  of  the  wooden 
codfish,  "emblem  of  the  staple  of  commodities  of  the  Colony  and  the 
Province,"  which  hung  from  the  ceiling  of  Representatives'  Hall  in 
the  Old  State  House  on  Washington  Street. 

In  the  State  Library  in  the  State  House  Annex  is  the  famous 
Bradford  Manuscript,  the  "History  of  Plimoth  Plantation,"  the 
so-called  "Log  of  the  'Mayflower/"  by  Governor  William  Brad- 
ford. This  was  found  in  the  library  of  the  Bishop  of  London's  palace 
at  Fulham,  and  was  returned  to  the  Commonwealth  in  1897,  through 
the  efforts  of  Senator  Hoar  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  Hon.  Thomas 
F.  Bayard,  ambassador  at  the  Court  of  St.  James.  On  the  south 
side  of  the  State  House  is  Hancock  Street.  At  No.  20  was  the 
home  of  Charles  Stunner,  the  successor  of  Daniel  Webster  in  the 
United  States  Senate.  A  statue  of  him  is  on  the  Public  Garden. 

The  Boston  Athenaeum  (1807),  recently  remodeled,  is  at  10^ 
Beacon  Street,  east  side,  just  below  Park  Street.  It 'is  a  library  of 
over  two  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  volumes,  including  George 
Washington's  library  and  many  rare  books.  It  was  formerly  an  art 
gallery  as  well,  many  of  its  valuable  works  of  art  now  being  at  the 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts  on  Huntington  Avenue.  It  is  virtually  a  club, 
with  smoking-room,  tea  room,  children's  room,  etc.  The  general 
reading  room  on  the  fifth  floor  is  architecturally  very  fine.  Most  of 
the  medical  books  were  transferred  to  the  Boston  Medical  Library 
several  years  ago. 

The  Congregational  House  and  the  Unitarian  Building  are  close 
at  hand  on  Beacon  Street.  In  Ashburton  Place  (No.  15)  is  the  Ford 
Memorial  (Baptist),  and  at  No.  9  the  new  building  of  the  New 
England  Historic  Genealogical  Society  (1844),  where  there  is  a  valu- 
able library  of  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  volumes 
and  one  hundred  thousand  pamphlets,  comprising  the  best-known 
collection  of  biographies,  genealogical  works,  also  histories,  and 
many  rare  manuscripts  and  relics.  The  imposing  building  on  the 
corner  of  Somerset  Street  is  the  Boston  City  Club  where  many  public 
dinners  are  held. 

Somerset  Street  leads  us  from  Beacon  Street  to  Pemberton  Square, 
by  the  first  turn  on  the  right,  where  the  present  County  Court  House 
(1887)  is  situated.  John  Cotton's  house  (1633)  stood  on  the  southeast 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


29 


side  of  the  Square  near  the  entrance  from  Scollay  Square.  Next  to 
it  was  Sir  Harry  Vane's  house  when  he  was  governor  of  the  colony 
in  1636.  The  Cotton  estate  originally  covered  a  large  part  of  Pem- 
berton  Square,  and  at  one  time  gave  the  name  of  Cotton  to  the  hill. 

The  Howard  Athenaeum,  an  old  playhouse,  on  Howard  Street, 
off  Court,  was  founded  in  1845,  occupying  on  its  present  site  a  build- 
ing once  used  for  the  tabernacle  of  a  so-called  prophet  named  Miller. 
The  theater  was  opened  with  "The  School  for  Scandal,"  the  partici- 
pants being  noted  actors  and  actresses.  In  1846  the  building  was 
burned,  and  the  present  structure  was  built  in  the  same  year.  Here 
the  famous  actor  William  Warren  made  his  debut  in  "The  Rivals." 
The  famous  Viennoise  children 
were  also  first  seen  here.  The 
house  is  most  noted  as  being 
the  scene  of  the  first  production 
of  Italian  opera  ever  given  in 
Boston.  The  company  was 
from  Havana,  and  presented 
"Ernani "  in  1847.  The  prestige 
of  the  theater  has  gradually 
declined,  until  now  the  house 
is  known  only  as  a  variety 
theater. 

Scollay  Square  —  so  called 
because  the  residence  of  William 
Scollay  (1800)  stood  on  the  site 
of  the  old  Boston  Museum, 
No.  18  Tremont  Street  — is 
formed  by  the  junction  of  Court  and  Tremont  Streets.  Running 
out  of  the  Square,  besides  Court  and  Tremont  Streets,  are  Cornhill, 
Pemberton  Square,  and  Brattle  Street.  This  is  one  of  the  great  centers 
of  traffic.  Below  the  surface  are  the  Tremont  Street  Subway,  the 
Cambridge  Street  Subway,  and  the  terminus  of  the  East  Boston 
Tunnel.  The  Scollay  Square  Subway  entrance  is  the  site  of  the 
First  District  Writing  School,  erected  in  1684,  enlarged  in  1715  and 
1753,  and  closed  in  1790. 

Cornhill  (1816)  was  always  a  street  of  bookshops,  and  was  origin- 
ally called  "Cheapside,"  after  the  London  street.  About  midway 
on  the  north  side  is  a  narrow  alley  called  Franklin  Avenue,  leading 
to  Brattle  Street.  On  the  east  corner  of  Franklin  Avenue  and  Corn- 
hill  was  the  printing  office  of  James  Franklin,  where  Benjamin 
Franklin  learned  the  printer's  trade  as  his  brother's  apprentice. 
Here  he  composed  and  printed  the  ballads  on  "The  Lighthouse 


FRANKLIN  S  PRESS 


30  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Tragedy"  and  on  "Teach"  (or  "Blackbeard"),  the  pirate,  which 
he  peddled  about  the  streets. 

Opposite  the  Brattle  Square  end  of  Franklin  Avenue  was  Murray's 
Barracks,  where  were  quartered  from  1768  to  1770  the  most  ob- 
noxious of  the  British  regiments  —  the  Twenty-Ninth.  Here  the 
trouble  began  which  ended  in  the  Boston  Massacre. 

The  Quincy  House,  a  hotel  on  Brattle  Street,  is  on  the  site  of  the 
first  Quaker  Meeting-House  (1697),  the  first  brick  church  in  the 
town.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  was  the  Brattle  Square 
Church  (1773)  (Unitarian),  razed  in  1871,  which  bore  in  its  front 
wall  a  cannon  ball  as  a  memento  of  the  siege  of  Boston.  This  cannon 
ball  is  now  preserved  in  the  rooms  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  corner  of  Boylston  Street  and  The  Fenway.  A  portion  of  the 
stonework  of  this  church  is  incorporated  in  the  tower  of  its  successor, 
bought  by  the  First  Baptist  Society,  at  the  corner  of  Commonwealth 
Avenue  and  Clarendon  Street.  (See  cut  on  page  51). 

Adams  Square,  in  Washington  Street,  at  the  foot  of  Cornhill  and 
Brattle  Street,  is  decorated  by  a  bronze  statue  of  Samuel  Adams,  by 
Anne  Whitney.  It  represents  him  as  he  is  supposed  to  have  ap- 
peared as  chairman  of  the  committee  of  the  town  meeting  the  day 
of  the  Boston  Massacre,  when  he  went  before  Lieutenant-Governor 
Hutchinson  and  the  Council  in  the  Council  Chamber  of  the  Old 
State  House,  near  at  hand. 

The  easterly  part  of  Adams  Square  merges  into  Dock  Square, 
which  was  at  the  head  of  the  old  Town  Dock.  Faneuil  Hall  (1763), 
the  "Cradle  of  Liberty,"  is  on  made  land  at  the  margin  of  the  dock, 
The  Adams  Square  Station  of  the  Subway  is  not  far  off,  and  it  is 
a  short  walk  from  the  Old  State  House,  through  Exchange  Street. 
The  Hall  is  now  used  for  public  meetings  of  all  kinds.  It  is  main- 
tained by  the  city,  and  no  rent  is  charged  for  its  use. 

The  original  building  was  given  to  the  town  of  Boston  as  a  market 
house  by  Peter  Faneuil  (pronounced  fan' el)  (1700-1743),  whose 
mansion  was  on  Tremont  Street  opposite  King's  Chapel  Burying 
Ground.  The  building  was  of  brick,  and  substantial,  and  was  com- 
pleted only  a  few  months  before  Faneuil's  death.  It  was  one  hun- 
dred feet  long,  forty  feet  wide,  and  two  stories  high,  and  the  hall, 
which  was  an  afterthought  of  the  donor,  held  one  thousand  persons. 
The  building  was  burned  in  1762,  and  was  reconstructed  at  once 
by  the  town,  the  old  walls  being  used  in  the  new  one.  The  first 
public  meeting  in  this  hall  was  held  March  14,  1763,  when  the 
patriot,  James  Otis,  consecrated  it  to  the  cause  of  Liberty.  Before 
the  Revolution  the  historic  town  meetings  were  held  in  the  hall  to  de- 
bate "justifiable  resistance"  and  the  rights  of  the  colonists.  During 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


31 


the  siege  of  Boston  the  hall  was  transformed  into  a  playhouse  by 
the  British.  Since  the  Revolution  it  has  been  the  popular  meeting 
place  of  citizens  on  important  occasions,  and  the  home  of  free 
speech.  Daniel  Webster,  Wendell  Phillips,  and  Charles  Sumner 
spoke  here.  In  1805  the  building  was  remodeled  by  the  architect, 
Charles  Bulfinch,  when  it  was  doubled  in  width  and  made  a  story 
higher,  and  in 
1898  it  was  re- 
constructed with 
fireproof  material 
on  the  Bulfinch 
plan. 

A  market  has 
been  maintained 
in  the  ground 
floor  and  base- 
ment from  the  be- 
ginning. Across 
the  street  is  the 
long  granite 
Quincy  Market, 
built  during  the 
administration  of 
Mayor  Josiah 
Quincy  in  1825. 

There  is  a  fine 
collection  of  por- 
traits in  Faneuil 
Hall,  notably  the 
full-length  Washington,  by  Gilbert  Stuart;  the  portrait  of  Peter 
Faneuil;  Webster's  Reply  to  Hayne,  by  G.  P/A.  Healy;  and  the 
"war  governor,"  John  A.  Andrew,  by  William  M.  Hunt. 

The  gilded  grasshopper  on  the  cupola  of  the  building  is  the  re- 
juvenated one  of  1742,  fashioned  by  "Deacon"  Shem  Drowne,  who 
was  immortalized  by  Hawthorne  in  "Drowne's  Wooden  Image." 
Drowne's  shop  was  hard  by.  The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery 
Company  (1637)  have  occupied  the  rooms  over  the  hall  for  many 
years.  Here  is  a  museum  of  relics  of  Revolutionary,  Provincial, 
and  Colonial  times.  Open  week  days,  9  a.m.  to  4  p.m.  Free. 

Passing  through  Exchange  Street  from  Dock  Square  brings  us  to 
the  lower  end  of  the  Old  State  House,  which  stands  in  the  middle 
of  the  street  at  the  head  of  State  Street,  formerly  King  Street.  The 
first  Town  House,  a  wooden  structure,  was  built  on  this  site  in  1657, 


FANEUIL  HALL 


32 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


and  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1711.     The  second  Town  and  Province 
House  (1712),  on  the  same  site,  was  burned  in  1747,  its  walls  only 

being  preserved,  and  these  are 
the  walls  of  the  present  build- 
ing. It  has  been  used  as  Town 
House,  as  Province  Court 
House,  Court  House,  State 
House,  and  City  Hall.  It  was 
restored  in  1882  to  its  original 
appearance,  after  being  used 
for  business  purposes.  The 
lion  and  unicorn  which  orna- 
ment its  eastern  end  are  new 
and  faithful  reproductions  of 
the  original  ones  which  were 
destroyed  during  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  architecture  of  the 
building  has  not  been  changed, 
except  ^o  make  entrances  and 
exits  to  the  basement  for  the 
Subway  and  East  Boston 
Tunnel.  There  is  a  window 
of  twisted  crown  glass  in  the 
second  story,  out  of  wrhich  all  the  later  royal  governors  of  the 
province  and  the  early  governors  of  the  Commonwealth  looked. 
The  eastern  room  on  the  second  floor  was  the  Council  Chamber, 
and  the  western  room  the  Court  Chamber,  the  Hall  of  the  Repre- 
sentatives being  between  the  two.  The  Bostonian  Society  has  a 
collection  of  antiquities  and  relics  in  the  upper  stories.  The 
building  has  been  preserved  by 
the  City  as  a  historical  monu- 
ment since  1882.  It  is  open 
daily  from  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m.,  free. 
State  Street  Square,  the  por- 
tion of  the  street  toward  which 
the  Old  State  House  faces, 
together  with  the  site  of  the  Old 
State  House,  were  originally  the 
public  marketstead  in  early 
colonial  days.  Here  were  placed 
the  stocks,  whipping-post,  and 
pillory,  and  this  was  the  gathering-place  of  the  populace.  On  the 
evening  of  March  5,  1770,  occurred  the  Boston  Massacre,  so-called, 


THE  OLD  STATE  HOUSE 
AND   SCENE   OF  BOSTON  MASSACRE 


COUNCIL  CHAMBER 
OLD  STATE  HOUSE 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


33 


when  the  soldiers  shot  down  the  people,  and  the  first  blood  of  the 
Revolution  was  shed.  Three  were  killed  and  two  mortally  wounded. 
The  site  is  marked  by  a  tablet  on  the  wall  at  the  corner  of  Exchange 
Street.  Observe  the  circular  arrangement  of  the  paving  stones  in  the 
street  opposite  the  tablet  marking  the  spot.  Note  the  inscription 
on  No.  27  State  Street,  the  Brazer  Building,  marking  the  site  of  the 
first  meeting-house  (1632).  At  No.  28  was  the  Royal  Exchange 
Tavern  in  Provincial  days,  the  starting  place  for  the  first  stage 
coach  from  Boston  to  New  York. 

The  tall  granite  Boston  Stock  Exchange  Building  (at  No.  53),  farther 
down  the  street  on  the  right-hand  side,  covers  the  site  of  Governor 


BOSTON   STOCK    EXCHANGE 

Winthrop's  first  house,  and  at  the  corner  of  Kilby  Street  stood  the 
Bunch  of  Grapes  Tavern,  a  celebrated  inn  in  provincial  times. 

At  the  corner  of  India  Street  is  the  United  States  Custom  House 
(1847)  with  its  recently  constructed  five-hundred-foot  office-building 
tower  to  be  seen  from  afar.  The  view  from  its  upper  stories,  reached 
by  elevators,  is  very  fine.  A  little  farther  along  is  Custom  House  Street, 
where  is  the  Old  Custom  House  (Nos.  14  to  20),  in  which  Bancroft, 
the  historian,  and  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  served  as  collector  and 
customs  officer,  respectively.  The  building  is  now  a  story  higher 
and  is  occupied  as  a  stable.  "Old  Custom  House"  is  cut  in  the 
granite  of  the  fayade. 


34 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


Long  Wharf  (1710)  is  at  the  foot  of  State  Street.  Here  the  royal 
governors  made  their  formal  landings,  and  the  British  soldiers 
came  and  went. 

At  right  angles  to  State  Street  is  the  waterside  street,  Atlantic 
Avenue,  nearly  on  the  line  of  the  ancient  "Barricado,"  an  early 
harbor  defense,  erected  in  1673  between  the  north  and  south  points 
of  the  "Great  Cove."  Going  to  the  north  a  short  distance  from 
Long  Wharf  we  come  to  old  T  Wharf  (No.  178),  a  part  of  the  Barri- 
cade, the  headquarters  of  the  fishing  industry  of  Boston,  previous 
to  its  removal  to  Boston  Fish  Pier,  South  Boston,  foot  of  B  and  C 
Streets.  The  wharf  is  so  named  because  of  its  original  shape. 


nnn 

Hfi  ni 


UNITED  STATES  CUSTOM  HOUSE 


THE  SOUTH  END 

THE  term  "South  End"  has  had  different  meanings  at  differ- 
ent periods  in  the  history  of  Boston.  At  one  tune  the 
present  site  of  the  Old  South  Church,  now  in  the  heart  of 
the  business  section,  was  considered  to  be  in  this  district.  As 
business  encroached,  the  northerly  limits  of  the  South  End  have 
been  pushed  farther  and  farther  to  the  south.  For  our  purpose  the 
South  End  is  considered  to  comprise  that  part  of  the  city  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Eliot  and  Kneeland  Streets,  on  the  east  by  the 
South  Bay,  on  the  west  by  Huntington  Avenue,  and  on  the  south 
by  Roxbury. 

The  South  End  as  considered  to-day  has  little  of  historical  inter- 
est when  one  compares  it  with  the  North  and  West  Ends.  The  only 
part  that  existed  in  colonial  times  was  the  narrow  neck  of  land 
that  occupied  the  present  site  of  Washington  Street  (see  map  facing 
page  2).  Until  1786  this  neck  was  the  only  way  by  which  carriages 
could  enter  Boston,  and  was  flanked  on  either  side  by  large  expanses 
of  marsh,  covered  with  water  at  high  tide,  and  called  respectively 
the  South  and  Back  Bays. 

Near  the  intersection  of  Washington  and  Dover  Streets  there  were 
forts  that  commanded  this  causeway  from  early  colonial  tunes  until 
the  Revolution.  During  the  Revolution  there  were  British  and 
colonial  fortifications  at  either  end  of  this  neck.  At  a  little  later 
tune  the  region  near  Dover  Street  was  the  site  of  a  number  of  brick- 
yards, and  here  was  the  gallows  for  many  years. 

With  the  exception  of  Washington  Street,  the  whole  region  is  of 
relatively  recent  origin,  and  was,  like  the  Back  Bay,  reclaimed  by 
filling  salt  marshes.  The  reclaiming  of  the  lowland  that  extended 
along  the  sides  of  Washington  Street  began  in  the  thirties,  and  was 
completed  in  the  sixties  of  the  last  century.  It  was  expected  that 
this  region  would  become  the  "court  end"  of  Boston,  and  in  the 
fifties  and  sixties  so  many  fine  mansions  were  built  about  the  small 
parks  and  squares  of  the  South  End  that  its  future  was  supposed 
to  be  assured.  About  1870,  however,  fashion  began  to  forsake  the 
South  End  for  the  newer  Back  Bay  region.  This  exodus,  once 
started,  was  followed  and  hastened  by  the  encroachment  of  fac- 
tories and  small  shops,  and  by  a  very  considerable  influx  of  people 
of  foreign  birth.  These  changes  have  been  most  complete  on  the 
east  of  this  district,  which  has  become  one  chiefly  of  small  shops, 
humble  homes,  tenements,  and  lodging  houses.  That  part  of  the 

35 


36 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


South  End  that  borders  the  Back  Bay  has  been,  and  still  is  the 
11  student  quarter  "  of  Boston. 

The  main  thoroughfare  is  Washington  Street.  Shortly  after  enter- 
ing this  street  at  the  northerly  edge  of  this  district,  we  come,  on  the 
left,  to  Bennet  Street.  Here  is  situated  the  Boston  Dispensary,  the 
oldest  medical  charity  in  Boston.  This  institution,  which  was 
founded  in  1796,  is  the  third  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  idea 
was  to  give  gratuitous  medical  treatment  to  the  worthy  sick,  either 
at  their  homes  or  at  the  dispensary  physician's  office.  For  many 

years  the  office  of  the 

|B  Hi^.  apothecary  was  at  No. 

92  Washington  Street, 
where  hung,  as  a  sign,  a 
crude  representation  of 
the  Good  Samaritan, 
now  to  be  seen  in  the 
dispensary. 

This  plan  of  seeing 
patients  in  their  homes, 
or  at  the  physician's 
office,  was  followed  out 
until  1856.  Oliver  Wen- 
dell Holmes,  when  a 
dispensary  physician  in 
1837,  urged  upon  the 
managers  the  importance  of  establishing  a  consulting  room.  In  1856 
a  building,  occupying  the  site  of  the  present  dispensary,  was  secured, 
and  since  that  time  the  work  has  been  divided  between  the  central 
station,  which  is  like  that  of  an  ordinary  out-patient  department, 
and  the  district  visiting,  in  which  visits  are  made  at  the  homes  of 
patients.  For  this  latter  purpose  the  poorer  parts  of  the  city  are 
divided  into  seven  districts,  each  one  of  which  is  under  the  care  of 
a  dispensary  physician,  who  is  accompanied  on  his  visits  by  a 
nurse  appointed  and  paid  by  the  Instructive  District  Nursing 
Association,  incorporated  in  1888.  The  nurse  spends  the  whole 
of  the  day  looking  after  the  new  and  old  patients  in  her  district. 

The  main  part  of  the  present  building  was  erected  in  1883,  and 
enlarged  in  1900.  In  1912  the  Hospital  for  Children  was  opened, 
consisting  of  a  ward  of  26  beds,  which  is  situated  on  the  fourth  floor 
of  the  main  building.  In  1920  the  total  number  of  children  cared 
for  was  892.  There  were  152,402  visits  made  at  the  central  station 
by  42,000  individuals,  while  the  district  physicians  made  about  7000 
calls,  The  dispensary  has  a  staff  of  about  134  physicians, 


Dr.  M.  D.  Miller,  Photo. 

BOSTON    DISPENSARY 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  37 

Continuing  out  Washington  Street,  one  comes,  at  Castle  Street,  to 
the  place  where  the  superstructure  of  the  Elevated  Road  branches 
to  the  east.  At  present  the  west  branch  is  not  used.  Here  is  situ- 
ated, on  the  right,  the  Wells  Memorial  Institute,  the  headquarters 
of  the  Central  Labor  Union  and  a  large  number  of  trade  unions. 
This  institution  provides  for  instruction  in  trades  and  domestic 
arts,  and  furnishes  a  meeting-place  for  various  organizations. 

Farther  south  on  Washington  Street  one  finds,  on  the  right, 
Waltham  Street.  Here,  at  No.  41,  is  the  Washingtonian  Home,  an 
institution  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  male  alcoholics.  It  has 
accommodations  for  about  50  patients. 

On  the  left  from  Washington  Street  at  14  Rollins  Street,  is  the 
South  End  Branch  of  the  Boston  Lying-in  Hospital,  where  students 
of  the  Harvard  Medical  School  reside  while  they  are  caring  for  their 
obstetrical  cases  in  this  district,  under  the  supervision  of  the  physi- 
cians of  the  Hospital. 

On  the  left  of  Washington  Street,  at  the  corner  of  Maiden  Street, 
is  the  Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross,  a  large  and  imposing  stone 
structure.  This  is  the  largest  Catholic  church  in  New  England, 
and  is  the  headquarters  of  the  archdiocese.  In  front  of  the  cathe- 
dral is  a  bronze  statue  of  Christopher  Columbus,  by  Alois  Buyens. 

Beyond  this  point  such  cross  streets  as  continue  the  same  name 
on  both  sides  of  Washington  Street,  have  the  prefix  "East"  added 
to  that  part  at  the  left,  and  "West"  to  that  on  the  right. 

At  Brookline  Street  one  comes  to  two  open  squares  —  Franklin 
on  the  left,  and  Blackstone  on  the  right.  At  the  corner  of  East 
Brookline  Street,  facing  Franklin  Square,  is  the  "  People's  Palace  " 
of  the  Salvation  Army,  which  is  also  the  headquarters  for  New  Eng- 
land. At  202  West  Newton  Street  is  the  Salvation  Army  Maternity 
Hospital  of  36  beds.  On  East  Newton  Street  is  the  Franklin  Square 
House,  a  hotel  for  young  working  women.  It  occupies  the  building 
that  was  formerly  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music;  previ- 
ous to  that  it  had  been  the  St.  James  Hotel.  In  it  is  a  small  hospital. 
Beyond  the  Franklin  Square  House  is  the  old,  but  not  particularly 
interesting  South  Cemetery. 

East  Springfield' Street,  which  is  next  beyond  Worcester  Square, 
is  the  most  direct  way  to  the  main  entrance  of  the  Boston  City 
Hospital,  which  is  situated  on  Harrison  Avenue,  one  block  east  of 
Washington  Street.  A  station  of  the  Elevated  is  one  block  away  at 
Massachusetts  Avenue  and  Washington  Street. 

The  Boston  City  Hospital.  An  institution  which  will  well  repay 
the  careful  inspection  of  both  the  medical  and  lay  visitor  is  the 
City  Hospital.  To  its  various  departments  are  admitted  cases  of 


38  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

acute  disease  only,  or  those  cases  which  are  capable  of  being  relieved 
in  a  reasonable  tune.  Chronic  cases,  except  under  extraordinary 
conditions,  are  referred  to  the  Long  Island  Hospital  in  Boston  Har- 
bor. Since  it  is  a  municipal  institution,  supported  by  the  taxpayers, 
its  patients  are  drawn  only  from  the  population  of  Greater  Boston. 
Although  but  haU7  the  age  of  its  elder  sister,  the  Massachusetts 
General  Hospital,  and  naturally  less  rich  in  traditions  and  historical 
prestige,  the  Boston  City  Hospital  has,  as  might  have  been  expected, 
outstripped  it  in  actual  size,  and  vies  with  it  in  friendly  and  generous 
rivalry  in  the  relief  of  the  sick  poor,  the  promotion  of  medical  edu- 
cation, and  the  increase  of  knowledge.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
the  first  benefactor  of  the  Hospital,  whose  bequest  had  much  to  do 
with  its  actual  foundation,  was  undoubtedly  impelled  thereto  by 


BOSTON  CITY  HOSPITAL 

the  remembrance  of  the  older  institution,  and  his  realization  of  the 
need  of  still  further  extending  these  blessings  among  the  sick  poor. 
Elisha  Goodnow,  an  old-time  Boston  merchant,  was  the  second 
patient  admitted  to  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  imme- 
diately after  its  foundation,  in  1821,  where  he  underwent  a  successful 
operation  for  stone  at  the  hands  of  Dr.  Warren.  On  his  death, 
thirty  years  later,  he  left  the  bulk  of  his  estate  to  the  City  of  Boston 
to  establish  a  free  hospital.  It  was  not,  however,  until  1861  that 
the  City  Council  appropriated  additional  money  and  appointed  a 
committee  to  build  the  new  City  Hospital.  In  1863  the  first  board 
of  trustees  was  appointed,  and  in  1864  the  hospital  was  formally 
dedicated. 

The  hospital  thus  founded  with  200  beds,  three  services,  surgical, 
medical,  and  ophthalmic,  and  a  staff  of  18,  has  increased  in  fifty-six 
years  to  a  composite  institution  affording  1202  beds,  and  having  an 
active  staff  of  114,  all  under  the  direction  of  a  single  board  of  trustees 
and  administered  by  a  single  superintendent.  During  the  year 
1919-20  there  were  received  and  treated  as  in-patients:  —  Medical 
cases,  3431;  Pneumonia  cases,  839;  Surgical  cases,  6566;  Gyneco- 
logical and  Obstetrical  cases,  1269;  Ophthalmic  cases,  122;  Aural 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  39 

and  Laryngological  cases,  2253;  Neurological  cases,  889;  Derma- 
tological  cases,  110;  Total,  15,479.  There  were  treated  in  the  Out- 
Patient  Department  31,103  persons.  The  total  number  of  visits 
made  was  112,156.  In  the  pathological  laboratory  there  were  made 
and  examined  7955  cultures  and  Wassermann  tests.  The  hospital 
ambulances  made  5154  trips.  In  all  departments  about  250  female 
nurses  are  employed.  The  gross  cost  of  all  departments  for  the 
year  was  $1,004,219. 

The  visitor  enters  by  the  gate  lodge  on  Harrison  Avenue,  nearly 
opposite  Springfield  Street.  This  building  contains,  besides  the 
entrance  offices,  the  rooms  devoted  to  the  Medical  Out-Patient 
Department.  He  should  now  turn  to  the  left  and  gain  a  point 
whence  a  view  of  the  really  imposing  faQade  of  the  central  Admin- 
istration Building  may  be  obtained.  The  surgical  pavilions  are  on 
the  left,  and  the  medical  pavilions  on  the  right.  This  group  con- 
stitutes the  original  buildings.  They  are  after  the  French  Renais- 
sance in  general  style  and  fashioned  on  a  generous  and  ambitious 
scale,  the  central  one  in  particular  recalling  classic  models.  In  the 
portico,  with  its  columns  and  pediment  surmounted  by  a  dome 
one  hundred  and  forty-eight  feet  in  height,  there  is  a  certain  resem- 
blance to  St.  Peter's  at  Rome,  and  the  approach  across  a  broad, 
open  lawn  and  garden  is  in  keeping  with  the  dignity  of  the  whole. 

Ascending  the  wide  stone  steps,  the  visitor  enters  the  Adminis- 
tration Building.  On  the  left  are  executive  offices;  on  the  right  the 
private  offices  of  the  Superintendent  and  Resident  Physician,  Dr. 
J.  J.  Dowling.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  and  the  Social-Service  Department,  and  above 
these  is  the  now  unused  amphitheater  under  the  dome.  Turning 
to  the  left  we  cross  an  open  corridor  and  enter  the  Surgical  Building, 
and  gain  access  to  the  operating  theater  by  a  door  on  the  right. 
Here  is  a  large  amphitheater,  circular  in  form,  constructed  entirely 
of  marble,  terazzo,  steel,  and  glass,  capable  of  seating  two  hundred 
persons.  On  the  wall  facing  the  seats  is  a  bronze  bas-relief  of  the 
first  Visiting  Surgeon  of  the  Hospital,  the  late  Dr.  David  W.  Cheever. 
Conveniently  situated  are  etherizing,  recovery,  and  surgeons'  con- 
sulting rooms.  Passing  through  the  farther  door,  we  find  the  steriliz- 
ing and  instrument  rooms,  all  modern  in  equipment  and  design. 
Opening  from  the  long  corridor  beyond  are  _  five  small  operating 
rooms,  with  north  light  and  complete  in  construction  and  furnish- 
ings necessary  for  the  most  exacting  aseptic  surgical  work.  At  the 
farther  end  of  the  corridor  are  small  recovery  wards  for  the  recep- 
tion of  patients  after  operation.  The  visitor  should  now  descend 
to  the  floor  below  and  see  the  four  completely  equipped  accident 


40  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

rooms  and  two  casualty  wards,  where  cases  can  be  cared  for  until 
they  are  in  a  condition  to  be  transferred  to  the  regular  wards  without 
disturbing  the  other  patients.  Here  also  are  several  bathrooms 
with  set-tubs  designed  especially  for  the  immediate  treatment  of 
cases  of  insolation,  which,  surprising  as  it  may  seem,  are  only  too 
common  in  Boston  in  July  and  August.  In  a  side  corridor,  off  the 
Accident  Room  Corridor,  is  the  recently  established  Blood  Labora- 
tory, where  investigations 
in  the  Diseases  of  the 
Blood  are  being  carried 
out,  under  the  direction  of 
one  of  the  Medical  Staff. 
Time  will  be  saved  if  we 
now  leave  this  building  by 
the  Accident  Door  and 
cross  the  short  interven- 
ing space  to  the  Surgical 
Out-Patient  Building, 
where  are  housed  also 

BOSTON  CITY  HOSPITAL  Ai         j  e          .1 

the   departments  for    the 

SURGICAL  OUT-PATIENT  DEPARTMENT  ,       ,. 

treatment  01  diseases  of 

the  eye,  ear,  throat,  nervous  system,  and  diseases  of  women. 
This  building  is  five  stories  in  height,  and  designed  especially  for 
handling  large  numbers  of  out-patients  as  conveniently  and  expedi- 
tiously  as  possible.  In  it  are  also  the  Departments  of  Vaccine 
and  Serum  Therapy,  of  Physical  Therapeutics  and  Massage,  and 
an  office  of  the  Social-Service  Department. 

The  visitor  should  now  return  by  the  Accident  Door  and  the 
stairway  to  the  surgical  corridor  and  inspect  the  three  old-fashioned, 
but  attractive,  wards  of  the  original  surgical  pavilion.  Returning, 
he  should  leave  by  the  door  which  originally  admitted  him  to  the 
surgical  corridor,  turn  to  the  left,  and  reach  a  two-storied  brick 
building  containing  two  surgical  wards,  W  and  X,  which  are  models 
in  respect  to  the  most  approved  construction  and  furnishing.  On 
the  way  he  has  passed,  on  the  left,  a  cheaply  constructed  ward  of 
corrugated  iron  and  wood,  which  was  built  in  the  days  when  hos- 
pital gangrene  and  sepsis  made  it  seem  advisable  to  build  temporary 
structures  only,  to  be  torn  down  after  a  few  years  and  replaced  by 
new  ones. 

Returning  now  to  the  Administration  Building,  the  visitor  should 
enter  the  annex  behind  it,  which  contains  the  Library  of  more  than 
three  thousand  volumes,  clinical  record  rooms,  etc.  He  may  be 
interested  to  examine  the  kitchen  immediately  below,  very  modern 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  41 

and  complete  in  every  respect  and  perfectly  ventilated.  Behind 
this  again  is  the  laundry,  equipped  with  labor-saving  devices 
which  care  for  an  average  of  one  hundred  thousand  pieces  per 
week. 

We  must  now  return  to  the  Administration  Building,  turn  to  the 
left  and  again  to  the  right,  and  visit  the  medical  wards,  six  in  num- 
ber, grouped  in  a  general  way  like  those  we  have  already  seen.  The 
general  features  are  the  same,  and  no  description  is  necessary.  The 
two  wards  devoted  to  the  gynecological  services  are  on  the  third 
floor  and  include  a  separate  operating  room  and  adjuncts.  Those 
on  the  first  and  second  floors  are  at  present  occupied  by  the  Special 
Pneumonia  Service.  Passing  back  along  the  open-air  passageway 
toward  the  rear  of  these  buildings,  we  pass  Wards  T  and  V,  the 
newest  and  most  attractive  in  the  hospital,  in  the  basement  of 
which  is  the  X-ray  department.  This  has  an  entrance  upon  the 
Hospital  yard  for  the  use  of  Out-Patients.  In  the  past  year  the 
total  number  of  negatives  made  was  27,211. 

Beyond  this  building  are  two  recently  rebuilt  pavilions,  formerly 
of  cheap  wood  construction,  now  largely  of  brick  and  improved  in 
many  ways.  Each  is  of  two  stories,  the  first  building  contains 
Wards  A  and  I,  the  second  Wards  E  and  N  (children's  wards).  At 
the  rear  of  this  group  is  a  three-story  brick  building  containing 
Wards  K,  L,  M,  consisting  largely  of  single  and  double  rooms,  for 
cases  requiring  segregation  or  restraint. 

Just  to  the  west  of  this  building  is  the  Pathological  Laboratory 
which  is  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  F.  B.  Mallory.  It  contains  a 
post-mortem  amphitheater  constructed  entirely  of  metal  and  ter- 
razzo,  culture  rooms,  clinical  laboratories,  special  research  rooms, 
a  pathological  laboratory,  storerooms,  etc.  Attached  to  it  is  a 
mortuary  where  60  bodies  may  be  preserved  by  artificial  refrigera- 
tion, and  a  mortuary  chapel,  simple  and  dignified,  where  funeral 
services  may  be  held.  In  accordance  with  the  trend  of  modern 
ideas,  much  stress  has  been  laid  in  this  hospital  upon  pathology. 
Since  1891  the  position  of  pathologist  has  been  held  by  men  who 
have  devoted  themselves  exclusively  to  the  study  and  teaching  of 
this  science  and  to  the  training  of  young  men.  There  is  at  present  a 
corps  of  six  men  —  visiting  pathologists,  assistants,  and  internes. 
Men  trained  here  are  called  to  other  hospitals  and  to  medical  schools 
as  teachers.  An  average  of  135  autopsies  are  performed  every  year, 
each  of  which  is  worked  up  bacteriologically  and  histologically,  and 
1800  surgical  specimens  are  studied.  The  cabinets  contain  75,000 
mounted  microscopic  sections.  Among  the  many  valuable  con- 
tributions which  have  been  made  here  to  Pathology  and  Bacteriology 


42  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

may  be  mentioned  two  monographs  which  are  based  exclusively  on 
cases  coming  to  autopsy  in  this  laboratory,  namely,  the  monograph 
on  Epidemic  Cerebro-Spinal  Meningitis,  and  that  on  Diphtheria. 
Attention  should  also  be  called  to  shorter  papers  on  such  subjects  as 
Typhoid  and  Scarlet  Fever.  More  recently,  research  work  has  been 
carried  out  on  Measles,  Cirrhosis  of  the  Liver  (the  latter  to  deter- 
mine the  cause  of  Acute  Yellow  Atrophy),  and  on  Dural  Endotheli- 
oma.  This  last  study  has  brought  out  the  fact  that  in  reality,  these 
tumors  arise  from  the  Arachnoid.  The  laboratory  also  has  an 
excellent  photomicrographic  plant. 

At  the  rear  of  the  Pathological  Building  are  the  Office,  Mortuary, 
and  Laboratory  of  the  Medical  Examiner  for  the  southern  district  of 


BOSTON  CITY  HOSPITAL 
SOUTH  DEPARTMENT    (CONTAGIOUS) 

Suffolk  County,  Dr.  Timothy  Leary.  The  building  was  erected  in 
1912  and  is  a  model  of  its  kind.  It  contains  refrigeration  chambers 
for  30  bodies,  and  an  excellent  autopsy  theater  and  laboratory. 
About  200  autopsies  and  examinations  are  performed  yearly,  on 
medico-legal  cases.  Here  worked  Dr.  F.  W.  Draper,  the  first  medical 
examiner  for  Suffolk  under  the  law  creating  the  system  in  1877, 
when  the  inefficient  coroners  were  abolished. 

Medical  Examiners.  Massachusetts  has  a  system  of  medical 
examiners  whose  duty  it  is  to  investigate  every  case  of  supposed 
death  by  violence.  Well  qualified  medical  men  are  appointed  by 
the  Governor  and  Council  for  the  term  of  seven  years.  Each  county 
of  the  State  is  divided  into  districts,  and  one  or  more  examiners  is 
assigned  to  each  district.  Suffolk  County,  in  which  Boston  is  situ- 
ated, has  two  medical  examiners  and  two  associate  medical  examiners. 
It  is  the  medical  examiner's  duty  to  view  every  body  supposed  to 
have  come  to  a  violent  death,  and  if  he  thinks  it  necessary  to  make 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


43 


a  further  investigation,  he  makes  an  autopsy,  first  having  obtained 
consent  of  the  district  attorney. 

The  medical  examiner  is  required  to  give  expert  testimony  in 
court  if  there  is  need,  and  he  has  to  make  an  annual  report  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  of  the  records  of  all  violent  deaths. 
The  North  Grove  Street  Morgue  is  the  headquarters  of  the  northern 
district  of  Suffolk  County,  and  the  City  Hospital  Morgue  for  the 
southern  district. 

There  still  remains  to  be  visited  one  of  the  most  notable  depart- 
ments of  the  hospital  —  that  devoted  to  contagious  diseases,  the 


NURSES    HOME 
BOSTON  CITY  HOSPITAL 


South  Department,  so-called.  This  group  of  buildings  constitutes 
practically  a  separate  hospital,  though  under  the  same  trustees  and 
superintendent.  The  visitor  should  leave  the  grounds  of  the  hos- 
pital proper  by  the  entrance  lodge,  visiting  if  he  desires,  the  two 
fine  buildings  devoted  to  the  Nurses'  Home,  where  is  housed  the 
second  training  school  in  point  of  age  in  the  United  States.  He 
should  now  turn  to  the  left  and  cross  Massachusetts  Avenue  diag- 
onally to  the  entrance  of  the  South  Department.  Here  are  seven 
buildings,  of  brick  with  marble  trimmings,  in  style  after  the  Federal 
period  of  architecture.  The  central  Administration  Building  is 
devoted  to  the  executive  offices  and  private  office  of  the  Physician 
for  Infectious  Diseases,  Dr.  Edwin  H.  Place.  On  either  hand  is  a 
pavilion,  one  devoted  entirely  to  cases  of  Scarlet  Fever  and  the 
other  to  Diphtheria.  Each  pavilion  is  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet 
long,  and  each  floor  is  divided  by  transverse  corridors  into  four 


44  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

sections.  These  corridors  are  entirely  open  at  either  end,  so  that 
every  floor  is  thus  divided  into  four  complete  isolating  wards,  each 
ward  separated  from  the  others  by  the  open  air.  In  the  two  pavilions 
there  are  sixteen  such  wards,  each  accommodating  from  4  to  8  beds. 
To  these  has  been  added  a  third  similar  pavilion,  the  lower  story  of 
which  is  used  for  Measles,  the  upper  for  Whooping  Cough  cases. 
The  building  has  recently  been  remodeled  to  provide  separate  rooms 
for  the  complete  isolation  of  each  patient.  At  the  north  end  of 
each  floor  is  an  open-air  loggia,  with  ornamental  ironwork,  and  at 
the  south  end  is  a  large  semi-octagonal  ward  with  many  windows, 
constituting  a  solarium  for  convalescents.  The  inside  finish  through- 
out is  of  glazed  brick,  with  terrazzo  flooring.  There  are  separate 
stairways  and  dumb-waiters  for  each  story  —  in  other  words,  there 
is  no  direct  communication  between  stories,  without  the  necessity 
of  first  going  outdoors.  Small  observation  wards  on  each  floor  af- 
ford opportunity  to  study  cases  before  the  diagnosis  has  become 
certain.  A  nurses'  home,  laundry,  and  domestic  building  complete 
this  group.  The  visitor  who  is  especially  interested  in  the  treat- 
ment of  contagious  diseases  is  advised  to  spend  some  tune  in  the 
South  Department,  for  its  widespread  reputation  justifies  us  in 
saying  that  this  is  the  finest  contagious  hospital  in  our  country. 
Here  the  mortality  from  Diphtheria  has  been  reduced  by  the  aid  of 
antitoxin  and  the  best  of  hygienic  conditions  from  fifty-four  per 
cent  to  eight  per  cent.  The  hospital  now  affords  340  beds,  but  is 
frequently  overcrowded. 

To  meet  the  demand  for  a  branch  in  the  down-town  district, 
where  prompt  relief  could  be  given  to  accident  or  other  urgent  cases 
occurring  in  the  neighborhood,  the  Boston  City  Hospital  Relief 
Station  was  built  in  1901.  It  is  situated  in  Haymarket  Square, 
which  can  best  be  reached  by  surface  or  elevated  cars  via  the  Sub- 
way. No  especial  interest  attaches  to  this  branch,  save  that  it  is  a 
model  of  its  kind.  The  best  of  everything  that  could  be  obtained 
was  used  in  its  construction.  It  is  a  brick  and  sandstone  structure, 
three  stories  in  height,  with  a  portico  of  eight  Doric  columns.  The 
first  floor  includes  the  executive  offices,  waiting  rooms,  and  five 
surgical  dressing  rooms.  On  the  second  floor  are  three  wards  of 
8  beds  each,  two  large  operating  rooms,  complete  in  every  detail, 
also  instrument  and  supply  rooms.  The  third  floor  affords  quarters 
for  nurses  and  maids,  and  the  roof  may  be  used  as  a  roof  garden  for 
either  patients  or  staff.  The  north  end  of  the  first  story  is  entirely 
separated  from  the  rest  of  that  floor  and  contains  an  ambulance 
station.  The  ambulances  can  drive  entirely  within  an  enclosed  yard 
where  the  transfer  of  the  patient  can  be  effected  without  publicity. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  45 

There  were  1452  ambulance  calls  made,  and  2074  patients  were 
admitted  during  1920.  Owing  to  the  difficulty  in  transporting  the 
seriously  sick  or  injured  from  East  Boston  to  Haymarket  Square  or 
the  Hospital  proper,  a  similar  building  was  erected  there  in  1908, 
called  the  East  Boston  Relief  Station,  with  a  capacity  of  10  beds. 
During  the  year  1920,  345  patients  were  admitted. 

With  the  exception  of  the  main  ambulance  station  and  the  power 
house  on  Albany  Street  and  the  Convalescent  Home,  with  its  four- 
teen acres  of  land  in  Dorchester,  the  main  features  of  the  Boston 
City  Hospital  have  now  been  described.  It  has  been  said  that  one 
index  of  the  intelligence  and  public  spirit  of  a  community  is  the  way 
in  which  it  provides  for  its  sick  poor,  and  in  this  respect  Boston  has 
every  reason  to  be  proud  of  her  record. 

At  561  Massachusetts  Avenue,  between  Tremont  Street  and  Shawmut 
Avenue,  is  the  office  of  the  Instructive  District  Nursing  Association, 
organized  in  1888  and  working  with  a  corps  of  over  100  visiting 
nurses  to  care  for  the  sick  and  prevent  disease  in  Boston 
families. 

The  Washington  Market,  No.  1883  Washington  Street,  is  the  site 
of  one  of  the  Continental  fortifications  during  the  siege  of  Boston. 
Beyond  this,  the  street  is  devoid  of  interest. 

Running  parallel  with  Washington  Street,  and  to  the  east  of  it, 
are  Harrison  Avenue  and  Albany  Street.  Harrison  Avenue  has  little 
of  interest  until  we  come  to  East  Concord  Street,  where  we  find  the 
Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  in  charge  of  the  Jesuit 
Fathers.  At  761  Harrison  Avenue  is  Boston  College  High  School, 
also  in  charge  of  the  Jesuits.  Just  opposite,  at  No.  788,  is  the  Home 
for  Destitute  Roman  Catholic  Children. 

At  No.  750  Harrison  Avenue  is  the  Out-Patient  Department  of 
the  Massachusetts  Homeopathic  Hospital,  to  which  the  visits  made 
by  out-patients  in  1919  numbered  47,481.  It  has  a  visiting  staff  of 
79  members.  Farther  to  the  east,  occupying  the  remainder  of  the 
block  bounded  by  Harrison  Avenue,  East  Concord,  Albany,  and 
Stoughton  Streets  are  the  main  buildings  of  the  Massachusetts 
Homeopathic  Hospital,  and  the  Boston  University  Medical  School. 
This  hospital  was  incorporated  in  1855,  and  has  occupied  its  present 
site  since  1871.  It  is  a  general  hospital,  having  559  beds.  The  main 
building  has  the  administration  offices  on  the  first  floor,  wards  on 
the  second  and  third,  and  surgical  amphitheater  on  the  fourth  floor. 
Close  by,  on  East  Concord  Street,  is  the  Evans  Memorial  Building 
for  Clinical  Research  and  Preventive  Medicine,  which  was  erected 
in  1912.  In  1919  the  Hospital  cared  for  10,357  in-patients.  On 
Stoughton  Street  is  the  Maternity  Department,  with  150  beds,  and 


46  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

near  by  is  the  Nurses'  Home.  The  wards  of  the  Hospital  are  util- 
ized for  giving  clinical  instruction.  The  Hospital  has  two  con- 
valescent homes.  The  Hospital  for  Infectious  Diseases  is  on  the 
western  slope  of  Corey  Hill  in  Brighton.  The  Boston  University 
School  of  Medicine  was  established  in  1873.  The  following  year  it 
took  over  the  New  England  Female  Medical  College,  founded  in 
1848.  The  school  has  a  teaching  corps  of  75.  The  number  of  stu- 
dents in  1919  was  140.  In  1918  the  school  renounced  homeopathy, 
and  since  then  has  been  undenominational. 

At  No.  112  Southampton  Street  is  the  Smallpox  Hospital,  of  about 
25  beds,  under  the  charge  of  the  Boston  Health  Department.  It 
was  at  this  institution  that  some  of  the  investigations  on  the  etiology, 
pathology,  and  clinical  manifestations  of  smallpox  were  conducted 


MASSACHUSETTS  HOMEOPATHIC  HOSPITAL 
AND    (IN   CENTER}    BOSTON   UNIVERSITY   MEDICAL   SCHOOL 

during  the  epidemic  of  1901-2,  which  resulted  in  the  noted  mono- 
graph on  smallpox,  edited  by  Dr.  W.  T.  Councilman,  of  the  Harvard 
Medical  School. 

To  the  west  of  Washington  Street  and  running  parallel,  are  Shaw- 
mut  Avenue  and  Tremont  Street.  Shawmut  Avenue  has  nothing  of 
interest  to  the  visitor  except  the  Morgan  Memorial  Chapel,  by  the 
railroad,  where  is  the  People's  Forum  for  the  public  discussion  of 
interesting  questions.  Tremont  Street  beyond  Castle  Street  is  a  wide 
thoroughfare.  There  are  several  attractive  churches  on  this  street 
between  Dartmouth  and  Worcester  Streets,  and  on  West  Newton 
Street,  between  Tremont  Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue,  is  the  Girls' 
High  School.  From  Massachusetts  Avenue  to  Roxbury  Crossing 
the  street  is  largely  one  of  tenement  houses  and  small  shops.  On 
Ruggles  Street  is  the  Ruggles  Street  Baptist  Church,  famed  for  its 
choir.  At  the  corner  of  Shawmut  Avenue  and  Camden  Street  is  St. 
Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum,  established  by  the  Catholic  Sisters  in 
1832.  It  has  250  beds. 

West  of  Tremont  Street,  beginning  at  Park  Square,  is  Columbus 
Avenue.  In  Park  Square,  opposite  the  site  of  the  old  Park  Square 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  47 

Station,  which  was  given  up  on  the  completion  of  the  present  South 
Terminal,  is  the  Emancipation  Group,  by  Thomas  Ball,  erected  in 
1879,  commemorating  the  freeing  of  the  slaves  by  President  Lincoln. 
On  the  left-hand  side  of  Columbus  Avenue  is  the  Armory  of  the  First 
Corps  of  Cadets,  one  of  the  oldest  military  organizations  in  the 
country  (1741),  housed  in  a  granite  building  on  the  corner  of 
Ferdinand  Street.  On  the  corner  of  Berkeley  Street  one  sees  on  the 
right  the  People's  Temple  (Methodist  Episcopal). 

On  Berkeley  Street,  No.  40,  between  Columbus  Avenue  and  Tre- 
mont  Street,  is  the  building  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, and  opposite  it,  No.  41,  the  new  building  of  the  Franklin  Union, 
erected  in  1907-8.  This  institution,  founded  by  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin, affords  technical  education  in  evening  classes  for  men  and 
women.  The  fees  charged  are  small.  On  the  corner  of  Tremont 
Street  is  Odd  Fellows  Hall.  Off  Dartmouth  Street,  between  Warren 
Avenue  and  Montgomery  Street,  are  the  Boys'  Latin  and  English 
High  Schools.  On  the  corner  of  West  Newton  Street  an^d  Columbus 
Avenue  is  the  Union  Church  (Congregational  Trinitarian).  On 
Columbus  Avenue,  beyond  Northampton  Street,  is  a  public  play- 
ground, of  wThich  Boston  has  many.  .  *  ^ 

Scattered  through  the  South  End  are  many  charitable  institu- 
tions such  as  homes,  day-nurseries,  clubs,  settlements.  One  writer 
has  spoken  of  the  South  End  as  the  "most  charitied  region  in 
Christendom." 


FRANKLIN   UNION 


BACK  BAY  DISTRICT 


THE  Back  Bay  District  may  be  regarded  as  extending  from 
Charles  Street  below  the  Common  to  the  Brookline  line, 
and    into   the  edge  of     Roxbury  where    is   situated     the 
Harvard    Medical    School    group    of    buildings.      It    is    bounded 
on  the  south  by  Boylston  Street  to  Copley  Square,  and  then  by 
Huntington  Avenue,  and  on  the  north  by  the  Charles  River.    A 
hundred  years  ago  the  Back  Bay  was  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
beyond  which  one  could  see  from  the  Common  both  Brookline  and 
Cambridge. 

In  1814  the  Boston  &  Roxbury  Mill  Corporation  was  formed, 
under  whose  direction  dams  were  built  later  across  the  bay  for  the 
purpose  of  utilizing  the  water  power.  In  1857  the  Commonwealth, 
together  with  the  Boston  Water  Power  Company,  began  filling  in 
the  bay,  and  this  work  went  on  for  thirty  years. 

The  Public  Garden,  enclosed  by  Charles,  Beacon,  Arlington,  and 
Boylston  Streets,  was  set  aside  as  a  park  in  1859,  shortly  after  the 

filling-in  began.  It 
had  been  known 
as  Round  Marsh, 
was  in  early  days 
a  part  of  the  Com- 
mon, and  was  bor- 
dered  by  Frog 
Lane,  now  Boyl- 
ston Street.  The 
Public  Garden  is 
a  beautiful  park, 
twenty-four  acres 
in  extent,  planted 

L.  H.  shattud,  Photo.  with  trees  of  al- 

PUBLIC  GARDEN  POND  most    every    va- 

riety   which    can 

grow  in  the  New  England  climate,  and  the  many  flower  beds  dis- 
play all  our  outdoor  plants  f^om  early  spring  to  autumn. 

The  most  notable  statue  in  the  Garden,  one  of  the  best  in  the 
city,  is  the  equestrian  statue  'of  Washington,  by  Thomas  Ball,  that 
faces  the  Commonwealth  Avenue  parkway.  On  the  Beacon  Street 
side  is  the  Ether  Monument,  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward,  erected  in  1868. 
The  latter  was  the  gift  of  Thomas  Lee,  in  honor  of  the  discovery  of 
ether,  but  it  makes  no  mention  of  Morton  or  Jackson,  as  at  that 

48 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


49 


L.  H.  Shattuck,  Photo. 

WASHINGTON  STATUE 


time  the  controversy  over  the 

priority   of  discovery  was   still 

warm.     Dr.    Holmes    suggested 

that  it  be  inscribed  "to  e(i)ther." 

Other  statues  are,  at  the  Charles 

Street  entrance,  Edward  Everett 

Hale  by  Bela  Pratt,  and  on  the 

Boylston  Street  side  Charles  Sum- 

ner  by  Thomas   Ball,    Colonel 

Thomas  Cass  by  R.  E.  Brooks, 

Wendell    Phillips     by     Daniel 

Chester  French,  and,  facing  the 

Arlington  Street  Church,  a  statue 

of  W.  E.  Channing  by  Herbert 

Adams.     At    No.    8    Arlington 

Street  are  the  offices  of  that  Bos- 
ton    institution,     the     Atlantic 

Monthly  magazine. 
From  the  Garden  the   short 

cross  streets  south  of  Arlington  have  names  beginning  respectively 

with  the  first  eight  letters  of  the  alphabet.    Even  beyond  Massachu- 
setts Avenue,  the  great  thoroughfare  leading  to  Cambridge  in  one 

direction  and  to  Dorchester  in  the  other,  are  Ipswich,  Jersey,  and 

--    Kilmarnock  Streets. 

Beacon  Street  is  the  long  street 

A  nearest  the  river.   Many  of  Bos- 

ton's most  beautiful  residences 
are  on  this  street,  and  now,  as 
formerly,  it  is  the  home  of  many 
of  her  citizens  best  known  in 
the  various  activities  of  the  city. 
The  University  Club  is  at  No. 
270,  near  Exeter  Street.  It  has 
a  large  membership  of  college 
graduates  living  in  Boston  and 
its  vicinity.  On  the  corner  of 
Massachusetts  Avenue,  and  near 
Harvard  Bridge,  is  the  Mt. 
Vernon  Church  (Congrega- 
tional), formerly  in  Ashburton 
Place.  Opposite  at  No.  483 
is  the  Cambridge  Apartment 
ETHER  MONUMENT  Building  filled  with  doctors' 


50 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


offices,  and  just  above  the  corner  is  another  similar  building  at 
No.  520.  At  the  corner  of  Beacon  Street  and  Charlesgate  East,  on 
the  riverside,  is  the  site  of  the  old  "mill  dam"  of  the  Roxbury 
Mill  Corporation.  One  of  the  poplar  trees  which  bordered  Beacon 
Street  in  the  early  nineteenth  century  is  still  to  be  seen  at  No.  591.  At 
Charlesgate  West,  Bay  State 


Road  leads  to 
running    along 


the  right, 
the  river- 
bank  to  Brighton.  In  its 
lower  course  it  is  a  favorite, 
abiding  place  for  physicians. 
At  No.  217  is  the  office  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Arch- 
bishop of  Boston,  while  the 
Cardinal's  office  is  around 
the  corner  at  25  Granby 
Street.  Back  of  Beacon 
Street  is  the  Esplanade,  a 
broad  walk  and  parkway 
next  to  the  river,  extending 
from  the  .  Charles  River 
Dam  to  the  "mill  dam." 
It  is  in  charge  of  the 
Metropolitan  Park  Divi- 
sion of  the  State.  The  Ba- 
sin is  patrolled  by  the  park 
police  in  motor  boats,  and 
visitors  may  inspect  it  in 
launches  which  run  from  the  dam  up  as  far  as  Watertown,  stopping  at 
landings  near  the  foot  of  Chestnut  Street  and  at  Harvard  Bridge. 

Marlborough  Street  starts  from  the  Public  Garden,  and  runs 
parallel  to  Beacon,  to  a  point  where  it  meets  The  Fenway,  a 
block  beyond  Massachusetts  Avenue.  The  First  Church  (Congrega- 
tional Unitarian),  at  the  corner  of  Berkeley  Street,  is  the  descendant 
of  the  First  Church  of  Christ  in  Boston,  a  society  established  by 
Dudley,  Winthrop,  and  others  soon  after  the  founding  of  the  town. 
A  statue  of  Winthrop,  by  R.  S.  Greenough,  very  fittingly  stands  in 
the  churchyard. 

Starting  again  from  the  Garden,  we  look  from  its  principal  en- 
trance on  Arlington  Street  down  the  long  tree-lined  mall  of  Com- 
monwealth Avenue.  This  is  Boston's  most  beautiful  street,  two 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  wide,  with  a  road  on  either  side  of  the 
parkway.  On  both  sides  of  the  avenue  are  the  homes  of  prosperous 


•THE  FIRST  CHURCH  IN  BOSTON 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


51 


citizens,  with  here  and  there  a  fine  apartment  house  or  hotel.  The 
Vendome,  at  the  corner  of  Dartmouth  Street,  and  the  Somerset,  just 
beyond  Massachusetts  Avenue  on  Charlesgate  East,  are  the  most 
noteworthy.  At  No.  40  is  the  Women's  College  Club,  with  a 
membership  made  up  of  the  graduates  of  all  the  women's  colleges. 
At  No.  152,  across  Dartmouth  Street  from  the  Hotel  Vendome,  is  the 
fashionable  women's  Chilton  Club.  The  Algonquin  Club  is  on 

the  opposite,  side   of  the    

street,  between  Exeter  and 
Fair  field  Streets  (No.  217). 
Its  membership  is  com- 
posed largely  of  prominent 
business  men.  The  First 
Baptist  Church,  with  its 
massive  Florentine  tower, 
at  the  corner  of  Clarendon 
Street,  is  the  only  church 
on  the  lower  avenue.  The 
late  H.  H.  Richardson  was 
the  architect.  It 


FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH 


was 

erected  in  1873  to  succeed 
the  historic  meeting-house 
in  Brattle  Square,  and  was 
purchased  by  the  Baptists. 
Crossing  Massachusetts 
Avenue,  one  passes  the 
Harvard  Club  of  Boston 
at  No.  374,  the  Hotel 
Puritan  at  390,  and  Hotel 
Somerset  at  400.  The 
statue  of  Leif  Ericson  by 
Anne  Whitney  in  front  of  the  latter  hotel  was  formerly  at  Mas- 
sachusetts Avenue.  Beyond  the  bridge  over  Muddy  River  is  reached 
the  growing  colony  of  doctors'  offices,  near  the  Kenmore  Station 
of  the  Subway. 

The  extension  of  Commonwealth  Avenue  to  and  into  the  Brighton 
district  is  given  over  largely  to  the  sale  of  automobiles.  At  Bland- 
ford  Street  is  an  important  Jewish  synagogue,  Temple  Adath  Israel, 
and  farther  out,  beyond  the  Cottage  Farm  Bridge,  specifically  at 
No.  935,  is  the  large  Commonwealth  Armory,  where  during  the 
great  war  there  was  a  thoroughly  equipped  emergency  hospital  for 
the  efficient  and  quick  handling  of  large  numbers  of  injured,  should 
the  need  arise. 


52  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Next  to  the  south  of  "  the  avenue  "  is  Newbury  Street.  At  No.  4  is 
the  St.  Botolph  Club,  its  membership  being  drawn  from  artists, 
literary  and  professional  men.  In  its  art  gallery  are  displayed 
every  winter  notable  exhibitions  of  painting  and  sculpture.  Nearly 
opposite  the  St.  Botolph  Club  is  Emmanuel  Church  (Protestant 
Episcopal).  A  semi-public  hospital  for  surgical  cases  is  the  Des 
Brisay  Hospital,  of  234  beds,  at  38  Newbury  Street,  established  in 
1894.  The  Boston  Library,  at  No.  114  Newbury  Street,  is  a  private 
circulating  library,  incorporated  in  1794.  At  the  corner  of  Berkeley 
Street  is  the  Central  Church  (Congregational  Trinitarian),  beautiful 
without  and  within.  It  is  the  most  noteworthy  building  on  the 
street.  The  architect  was  R.  M.  Upjohn. 

On  the  corner  of  Newbury  Street,  at  No.  233  Clarendon  Street,  is  the 
rectory  of  Trinity  Church,  where  Phillips  Brooks  lived  for  many  years. 

The  Art  Club,  on  the  corner  of  Dartmouth  and  Newbury  Streets, 
has  a  large  membership,  and  holds  several  exhibitions  during  the 
year.  These  exhibitions  are  usually  of  the  work  of  many  artists, 
while  those  of  the  St.  Botolph  Club  are  "one  man"  exhibitions. 
The  Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Deaf  is  at  No.  178. 

At  Exeter  Street  on  the  first  left-hand  corner  stands  the  South 
Congregational  Church  (Unitarian),  of  which  Edward  Everett  Hale 
was  for  many  years  the  minister.  At  the  end  of  the  street,  on 
Massachusetts  Avenue  is  the  Massachusetts  Station  of  the  Subway. 

Startirtg  on  Boylston  Street,  from  the  Public  Garden,  the  Arlington 
Street  Church  first  commands  our  attention.  It  has  a  beautiful  chime 
of  sixteen  bells  in  its  tower,  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  churches  of 
the  Unitarian  faith.  Rev.  Paul  Revere  Frothingham  is  the  minister. 

Almost  opposite  this  church  on  Boylston  Street  were  the  offices 
of  the  distinguished  Drs.  Henry  Ingersoll  Bowditch  and  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  for  Boylston  Street  was  once  preeminently  a  doc- 
tors' street.  At  No.  419  Boylston  Street  is  the  Warren  Chambers. 
This  building  was  built  as  an  office-building  for  physicians,  and  is 
the  only  one  of  its  kind  in  Boston.  It  takes  its  name  from  the 
Warren  family,  so  long  prominent  in  the  medical  life  of  this  city. 
In  this  building  is  a  doctors'  central  telephone  exchange. 

On  the  northwest  corner  of  Berkeley  and  Boylston  Streets  is  the 
dignified  building  of  the  Natural  History  Society.  The  Boston 
Society  of  Natural  History  was  founded  in  1831.  This  building 
was  erected  in  1864.  On  the  first  floor  is  the  library,  with  about 
forty  thousand  volumes  in  the  building.  There  are  lecture  halls 
and  rooms  for  instruction,  as  well  as  carefully  arranged  and  clearly 
labeled  ethnological,  zoological,  geological,  and  botanical  collec- 
tions. On  the  fourth  floor  is  a  magnificent  array  of  birds'  nests 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


53 


NATURAL  HISTORY  BUILDING 


and  eggs.  The  museum  is  open  daily,  except  Sunday,  from  9  a.m. 
to  4.30  p.m.  The  admission  fee  of  twenty-five  cents  is  not  asked  on 
Wednesdays  and  Saturdays. 
The  remainder  of  the 
block  in  which  the  Natural 
History  Building  is  situated 
was  occupied  for  many 
years  by  the  two  main 
buildings  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Tech- 
nology. This  widely  known, 
successful  technical  school 
has  within  a  few  years  been 
installed  in  a  new  group 
of  beautiful  buildings  on 
the  Cambridge  side  of  the  Charles  River  Basin  near  the  Har- 
vard Bridge  (Massachusetts  Avenue).  One  of  the  original  buildings 
is  now  occupied  by  Boston  University,  which  has  also  taken  the 
building  on  the  corner  of  Exeter  Street,  built  in  1883  for  the  Harvard 
Medical  School.  The  Baby  Hygiene  Association,  incorporated  in 
1910,  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  babies  and  children  well,  has  its 
office  at  376  Boylston  Street. 

The  Hotel  Brunswick  occupies  the  corner  of  Clarendon  Street. 
Beyond  this,  one  comes  to  Copley  Square,  triangular  in  shape,  and 
opening  into  it,  Dartmouth,  Boi/lston,  and  Blagden  Streets,  St.  James' 

,  Avenue,  Huntington 
Avenue,  and  Trinity 
Place.  This  Square 
was  named  for  John 
Singleton  Copley,  the 
artist,  and  around  it 
are  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  buildings  and 
important  institutions 
of  the  city. 

The  crowning  beauty 
of  the  Square  is  Trinity 
Church,  the  master- 
piece of  the  great 
architect,  H.  H.  Rich- 
ardson. The  style  was 
characterized  by  the  architect  as  a  free  rendering  of  the  French 
Romanesque.  In  plan  the  church  is  a  Greek  cross,  with  a 


B.  U.  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS 
ADMINISTRATION 


ARCHITECTURAL,  BLDG. 
MASS.  INST.   OF  TECH. 


54 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


L.  H.  Sfiattuck,  Photo. 

TRINITY  CHURCH 


semicircular  apse  added  to  the  eastern  arm.  The  decorations  inside 
are  by  John  Laf  arge,  and  many  of  the  windows  are  by  the  same  artist. 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  — T-TTT  Placed  in  the  side  of 

the  cloister  leading  from 
the  eastern  entrance  of 
the  church  to  Clarendon 
Street,  is  a  part  of  the 
original  tracery  from  a 
window  of  the  ancient 
church  of  St.  Botolph 
in  Boston,  England,  of 
which  John  Cotton  was 
the  rector  for  twenty- 
one  years.  This  was 
presented  to  Trinity  by 
the  vicar  of  that  church. 
Opposite  this  tracery 
a  carved  granite  rosette 
is  imbedded  in  the  wall  of  the  church.  This  is  all  that  remains  of  a 
former  church  of  this  parish,  burned  in  the  fire  of  1872.  The  much 
discussed  statue  of  Phillips  Brooks,  rector  of  the  church,  by  Augustus 
St.  Gaudens,  stands  under  a  canopy  on  the  Huntington  Avenue  side. 
To  the  left  of  Trinity  is  the  Westminster  Hotel.  Next  to  it,  and 
extending  along  the  south  side  of  the  Square  from  Trinity  Place  to 
Dartmouth  Street  is  the 
Copley-Plaza  Hotel, 
on  the  site  of  the  old 
Art  Museum. 

The  Public  Library, 
a  noble  granite  struc- 
ture, "Built  by  the 
people  and  dedicated 
to  the  advancement 
of  learning,"  as  the 
inscription  across  its 
fagade  declares,  occu- 
pies the  western  side 
of  Copley  Square. 
The  building,  which  is 
rectangular  in  shape, 
with  an  enclosed  court, 
is  in  the  style  of  the  French  Renaissance.  McKim,  Mead  &  White, 
of  New  York,  were  the  architects.  The  panels  beneath  the  windows, 


COPLEY-PLAZA  HOTEL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  55 

with  the  exception  of  the  three  panels  above  the  doorway,  bear 
the  names  of  the  world's  greatest  men.  On  the  three  center 
panels  are,  to  the  left,  the  seal  of  Massachusetts;  in  the  middle, 
that  of  the  Library;  and  on  the  right,  the  seal  of  the  City  of 
Boston. 

The  Library  is  approached  by  a  broad,  low  flight  of  steps,  ending 
in  a  platform.  The  statues  of  Art  and  Science  in  front  of  the  build- 
ing are  the  work  of  Bela  L.  Pratt.  In  the  vestibule  is  a  splendid 
brpnze  figure  of  Sir  Harry  Vane,  by  Frederick  MacMonnies.  Be- 
yond this  are  six  bronze  doors  by  D.  C.  French  —  Poetry,  Music,, 
Wisdom,  Knowledge,  Truth,  Romance.  In  the  floor  of  the  en- 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

trance  hall  are  set  the  seal  of  the  Library  and  the  signs  of  the  zodiac, 
and  in  the  ceiling  are  the  names  of  eminent  Bostonians.  Across  the 
court  on  the  right  from  the  vestibule  is  the  Patent  Room,  where 
all  the  Patent  Office  reports  may  be  found.  On  the  immediate 
right  of  the  main  staircase  are  three  rooms  devoted  to  the  current 
Federal  Documents  Service,  the  Library  Information  Bureau,  and 
the  Open-Shelf  Collection  of  books  for  circulation.  The  Newspaper 
and  Periodical  Rooms  are  also  on  this  floor. 

'  Halfway  up  the  magnificent  staircase,  where  it  divides  to  the 
right  and  left,  are  two  great  marble  lions,  by  Louis  St.  Gaudens, 
memorial  gifts  of  the  Second  and  Twentieth  Massachusetts  Volun- 
teer Regiments  of  the  Civil  War.  The  mural  decorations,  "The 
Spirit  of  Knowledge,"  along  the  stairs  and  the  upper  corridor  are 
by  Puvis  de  Chavannes.  Passing  to  the  left  through  a  little  lobby, 
decorated  by  E.  F.  Garnsey,  one  comes  to  the  Delivery  Room, 


56  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

around  which  runs  a  gorgeous  frieze  by  Edwin  A.  Abbey,  illus- 
trating the  legend  of  Sir  Galahad's  search  for  the  Holy  Grail.  Just 
beyond  is  the  Catalogue  Room,  with  an  admirable  dictionary  cata- 
logue. This  room  forms  one  end  of  Bates  Hall,  a  great  room  218 
feet  long  by  42  Yi  feet  wide,  with  a  beautiful  vaulted  ceiling  semi- 
domed  at  the  ends.  Bates  Hall,  named  for  one  of  the  library's 
greatest  benefactors,  is  the  Reference  Room  of  the  Library,  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  readers,  of  whom  there  are  often  three  or 
four  hundred  present. 

Beyond  Bates  Hall  is  the  Children's  Department,  entered  through 
a  Venetian  lobby,  decorated  by  Joseph  Lindon  Smith.  The  ceiling 
of  the  inner  room  has  a  painting,  "The  Triumph  of  Time,"  by 
John  Elliott.  This  is  a  reference  and  study  room  for  the  children. 
It  has  open  shelves  with  books  useful  to  teachers  as  well  as  to  the 
younger  students.  The  outer  room  also  has  open  shelves,  with 
tables  provided  for  reading,  and  those  in  charge  are  always  ready 
to  help  the  children  in  the  use  of  the  library.  On  this  floor  there  is 
also  a  large  lecture  hall. 

On  the  third  floor  are  the  Special  Libraries,  all  of  them  contain- 
ing rare  and  valuable  books.  They  comprise  the  Fine  Arts  and 
Technical  Departments,  the  Allen  A.  Brown  Libraries  of  Music 
and  the  Stage,  and  the  Barton,  Barlow,  Prince,  Lewis,  Bowditch, 
and  Ticknor  collections.  At  either  end  and  on  both  sides  of  the 
long  third-floor  corridor  are  the  sequence  of  mural  decorations 
entitled  "Judaism  and  Christianity,"  by  John  Singer  Sargent. 

The  administration  of  Library  affairs  is  carried  on  by  five  trus- 
tees, who  are  appointed  by  the  mayor,  a  librarian,  and  the  various 
heads  of  departments.  There  are  about  three  hundred  and  forty- 
five  assistants. 

This  is  one  of  the  largest  reference  and  circulating  libraries  in 
the  United  States,  with  a  collection  of  over  1,200,000  volumes,  and 
a  circulation  of  2,300,000  volumes,  not  counting  the  books  used 
at  the  library.  While  the  circulation  for  home  use  is  confined 
to  citizens  of  Boston,  anyone — stranger  as  well  as  citizen — may 
use  the  books  at  the  library.  The  Library  consists  of  the  Central 
Library,  sixteen  Branches,  fourteen  Reading  Rooms,  and  deposits 
in  one  hundred  and  nineteen  public  and  parochial  schools,  and 
ninety-six  engine  houses  and  city  institutions  —  in  all,  three  hun- 
dred and  seventeen  agencies  for  the  distribution  of  books.  Some 
books  are  loaned  every  year  to  other  libraries,  and  a  few  are  bor- 
rowed. The  city  appropriates  about  $550,000  yearly,  and  the 
Library  has  a  further  income  of  about  $25,000  from  trust  funds.  It 
publishes  quarterly  bulletins  and  a  weekly  list  of  accessions,  and 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


57 


various  other  lists  of  books  on  special  subjects.  It  maintains  its 
own  bindery  and  printing  establishment.  The  Central  Library,  in 
Copley  Square,  is  open  from  9  a.m.  to  9  p.m.  in  summer,  and  an  hour 
later  in  winter.  The  librarian  is  Mr.  Charles  F.  D.  Belden.  In 
1905  the  Library  entrusted  to  the  care  of  the  Boston  Medical  Library 
a  large  part  of  its  collection  of  medical  books. 

The  Library  publishes  "A  Condensed  Guide  to  Its  Use"  which 
may    be    obtained    at    the 
Registration  Desk   without 
charge. 

Across  Boylston  Street  from 
the  Library  rises  the  lofty 
Gothic  tower  of  the  New 
Old  South  Church,  two  hun- 
dred and  forty-eight  feet 
high.  This  church  society 
—  formerly  worshiping  in 
the  historic  building  on 
Washington  Street  —  is  one 
of  the  most  important 
churches  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Trinitarian  faith  in 
New  England.  Dr.  G.  A. 
Gordon  is  the  pastor. 

Going  out  Boylston  Street 
from  Copley  Square,  one 
comes,  on  the  left,  on  the 
corner  of  Exeter  Street,  to 
the  old  building  formerly 
occupied  by  the  Harvard 
Medical  School,  now  occupied  by  one  of  the  departments  of  Boston 
University.  Directly  behind  this  building,  facing  on  Exeter  Street, 
is  the  clubhouse  of  the  Boston  Athletic  Association. 

At  the  corner  of  Boylston  and  Hereford  Streets  is  the  Tennis  and 
Racquet  Club. 

The  Medical  Baths  in  the  Farragut  Building,  No.  126  Massachu- 
setts Avenue,  corner  of  Boylston  Street,  were  started  by  a  committee 
of  representative  medical  men,  in  order  that  Boston  might  have  the 
advantage  of  a  scientific  hydrotherapeutic  establishment.  This  is 
a  thoroughly  equipped  plant,  under  competent  medical  supervision, 
where  hydrotherapeutic  measures  may  be  carried  out  either  accord- 
ing to  the  judgment  of  the  patient's  physician,  or,  if  he  so  wishes, 
according  to  the  judgment  of  the  medical  men  in  charge.  This 


XE\V   OLD    SOUTH   CHURCH 


58 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


junction  of  Massachusetts  Avenue  and  Boylston  Street  is  a  rapidly 
growing  center.  The  Subway  runs  close  to  it,  and  over  the  tunnel 
is  the  loop  of  the  surface  cars  from  the  South  End  and  from  Cam- 
bridge. Passing  down  St.  Cecilia  Street  one  comes  to  St.  Cecilia's 
Roman  Catholic  Church  on  Belvidere  Street,  and  further  to  the  east 
on  this  street  is  the  Mechanic  Arts  High  School. 

At  the  corner  of  Boylston  Street  and  The  Fenway  is  the  building 
of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  founded  in  1791.  Besides 
a  priceless  library,  the  Historical  Society  has  an  interesting  museum, 
which  is  open  to  the  public  from  2  to  4  p.m.  on  Wednesdays. 

Across  The  Fenway  from  the  Historical  Society's  building  is  a 
memorial  to  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  the  Irish  poet  and  patriot,  who 
was  for  many  years  the  editor  of  a  Boston  paper,  the  Pilot. 

The  Fenway,  which  begins  here,  swings  in  a  great  semi-circle 
enclosing  the  old  waterways  of  this  region,  and  continues  as  the 

River  way  out  of  town  to 
!  Jamaica  Pond,  the  Arnold 
Arboretum,  and  Franklin 
Park.  On  the  outside  of 
the  semi-circle  and  facing 
upon  the  fens  are  to  be 
seen,  beginning  at  Boylston 
Street,  the  Boston  Medical 
Library;  then  well  over 
toward  Huntington  Avenue 
the  new  and  beautiful 
Forsyth  Dental  Infirmary; 
next  to  this  and  facing  as 
well  upon  Huntington  Ave- 
nue the  Museum  of  Fine 
Arts;  beyond  which  are 
successively  Mrs.  John  L. 
Gardner's  palace  and  the 
long  and  dignified  facade 
of  Simmons  College.  Be- 
tween Simmons  College  and 
the  beautiful  Convent  of  Notre  Dame,  the  Avenue  Louis  Pasteur 
leaves  The  Fenway  and  runs  to  the  court  of  the  Harvard  Medical 
School. 

Next  to  the  building  of  the  Historical  Society,  and  facing  on  The 
Fenway,  is  the  Boston  Medical  Library.  This  association  was 
formed  in  1875,  the  first  library  consisting  of  1500  volumes,  housed 
in  two  rooms  on  Hamilton  Place.  A  little  later  a  house  was 


BOSTON  MEDICAL  LIBRARY 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  59 

purchased  at  No.  19  Boylston  Place,  and  remodeled  so  as  to  give  a 
hall  for  medical  meetings.  The  library  remained  at  No.  19  Boylston 
Place  for  twenty-two  years,  until  its  building  was  so  outgrown  that 
10,000  volumes  had  to  be  stored  in  other  places. 

In  1898  the  movement  was  started  that  resulted  in  the  erection 
of  the  present  building  in  1900  in  a  situation  well  suited  to  be  a 
center  for  readers,  near  the  homes  of  a  majority  of  its  800  members 
and  easily  accessible  from  the  surrounding  country  by  all  transit 
lines.  Besides  stacks  for  the  care  of  the  books,  there  is  a  Chadwick 
Periodical  Room,  and  a  reading  room,  Holmes  Hall.  This  beau- 
tiful hall  was  named  after  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  the  library's 
first  president.  The  library  building  serves  as  a  meeting-place  for 
most  of  Boston's  larger  medical  societies,  and  many  of  the  smaller 
ones,  and  has  for  this  purpose  three  halls  and  several  rooms,  in- 
cluding a  supper-room.  The  largest  hall,  John  Ware  Hall,  reached  by 
a  competent  elevator  recently  installed,  seats  three  hundred  persons, 
and  the  other  two  about  ninety  each.  The  library  is  an  independent 
democratic  institution,  furnishing  service  to  graduates  of  all  medical 
schools  and  to  the  public.  Any  respectable  physician,  dentist,  or 
scientist  may  become  a  member.  If  he  lives  more  than  five  miles 
away,  he  pays  only  hah6  the  modest  annual  assessment.  In  addition 
to  107,000  bound  volumes  and  65,000  pamphlets,  the  library  con- 
tains a  very  large  and  valuable  collection  of  medical  medals  (the 
Storer  Memorial  Collection),  many  portraits  of  medical  men,  be- 
sides autographs,  prints,  and  other  things  of  medical  interest. 
Nearly  ten  thousand  readers  use  the  library  in  the  course  of  a  year. 
The  library  has  long  outgrown  its  building.  Books  are  piled  every- 
where in  the  basement,  and  all  available  nooks  and  corners  have 
been  utilized  for  temporary  shelves.  The  corporation  owns  the 
adjoining  land  and  has  gone  so  far  as  to  build  the  front  basement 
of  an  addition,  now  crowded  with  books.  A  new  stack  building  in 
the  rear  is  a  pressing  necessity,  for  without  it  a  very  large  number 
of  books  cannot  be  catalogued  and  are  therefore  unavailable. 
Friends  of  this  important  feature  of  a  medical  community  will  be 
appealed  to  for  funds  to  carry  on  its  public-spirited  work.  The 
Medical  Library  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical 
Society,  which  pays  rental  for  accommodations. 

The  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  was  founded  by  act  of  the 
Legislature  in  1781,  with  power  to  elect  officers,  examine  and  license 
candidates  for  practice,  hold  real  estate,  and  "continue  as  a  body 
politic  and  corporate  by  the  same  name  forever."  It  was  reorgan- 
-  ized  and  made  democratic  largely  through  the  efforts  of  James  Jack- 
son, in  1803.  Candidates,  either  male  or  female,  for  membership 


60  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

in  the  Society  must  be  not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
and  of  good  moral  character,  must  have  a  good  general  English 
education,  and  by  the  laws  of  the  Commonwealth  must  appear  per- 
sonally before  the  censors  and  satisfy  them  that  they  have  received 
a  diploma  from  a  medical  school  recognized  by  the  Council  of  the 
Society,  and  that  they  do  not  practice  any  exclusive  system  of 
medicine  or  practice  unethically. 

There  is  an  annual  meeting  and  a  dinner  of  the  Society  in  the 
month  of  June  each  year,  and  the  district  societies,  of  which  there 
are  eighteen,  hold  more  or  less  frequent  meetings  during  the  year, 
and  an  annual  meeting  at  least  three  weeks  before  the  meeting  of 
the  parent  society,  when  officers  and  councilors  are  elected.  The 
governing  body,  the  representative  Council,  holds  three  stated 
meetings  a  year  and  transacts  nearly  all  the  business  of  the  Society. 
The  present  membership  of  the  Society  is  about  3900.  The 
dues  are  ten  dollars  a  year.  The  proceedings  of  the  Society,  the 
annual  address,  and  the  papers  read  at  the  annual  meeting  are 
published  each  year  in  the  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal, 
the  official  organ  of  the  Society.  The  Society  provides  malpractice 
defense  for  its  members  without  cost. 

Opposite  84  The  Fenway,  on  the  border  of  the  pond  is  a  recently 
erected  statue  of  Robert  Burns,  by  H.  H.  Kitson 

The  Forsyth  Dental  Infirmary  for  Children  was  founded  in  1910 
by  John  Hamilton  and  Thomas  Alexander  Forsyth  in  memory  of 

their  brothers 
James  Bennett 
and  George 
Henry  Forsyth. 
It  has  been  in 
operation  for  six 
years  at  140  The 
Fenway  and  may 
be  approached 
frcm  Huntington 

FORSYTH  DENTAL  INFIRMARY  Avenue  through 

Forsyth    Street. 

Beautifully  light,  roomy,  and  hygienic,  the  institution  not  only  serves 
the  poor  children  of  Boston  in  the  care  of  their  teeth,  tonsils,  and  ade- 
noids, but,  through  classes,  and  the  Post  Graduate-  School  of  Ortho- 
dontia,  is  a  strong  influence  for  oral  hygiene  and  preventive  medicine. 
It  has  a  large  consulting  and  active  staff. 

The  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  is  on  Huntington  Avenue.     On  the 
lawn  in  front  stands  Cyrus  Dallin's  beautiful  bronze  equestrian 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


61 


statue,  "The  Appeal  to  the  Great  Spirit."  The  newer  part  of  the 
Museum,  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Robert  D.  Evans,  faces  on  The  Fenway. 
The  principal  building,  of  Maine  granite,  opened  in  1909,  replaced 
the  former  building  on  Copley  Square.  The  Museum  ranks  among 
the  most  important  art  museums  of  the  world.  Both  the  buildings 
and  collections  are  the  result  of  private  subscriptions  and  bequests, 
for  the  museum  receives  no  help  from  City  or  State.  The  collections 
include  Egyptian  and  Classical  Art,  Chinese  and  Japanese  sculp- 
tures, and  paintings.  Western  art  embraces  Spanish,  Italian,  Flem- 
ish, Dutch,  French,  English,  and  American  paintings,  ancient 
Flemish  tapestries,  and  Mohammedan  pottery,  rugs,  and  velvets. 
A  guide  to  the  chief  exhibits  may  be  obtained  for  twenty-five  cents 
at  the  office.  The  Museum  has  a  library  of  works  on  art  and 
maintains  a  school  of  drawing  and  painting  on  the  grounds  to 


ART  MUSEUM 

the  south  of  the  main  buildings.    Open  week  days  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m.; 
Sundays,  1  to  6  p.m.    Admission  free. 

Opposite  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  is  the  Wentworth  Institute, 
founded  by  Arioch  Wentworth  and  opened  in  1911.  With  the  ob- 
ject of  increasing  the  average  standard  of  skill  and  intelligence  in 
the  trades,  it  offers  courses  in  pattern-making,  carpentry,  electrical 
work,  foundry  practice,  machine  work,  both  day  and  evening.  It 
is  open  to  boys  and  men. 

Fenway  Court  or  the  Isabella  Stewart  Gardner  Museum  of  Art, 
the  Boston  residence  of  Mrs.  John  L.  Gardner,  is  built  after  the 
style  of  an  Italian  palace,  and  much  of  the  material  used  in  its  con- 
struction was  brought  from  Italy.  The  museum  contains  Mrs. 
Gardner's  valuable  collection  of  pictures,  marbles,  and  other  works 
of  art.  Admission  to  this  collection  is  to  be  had  at  stated  intervals 
by  means  of  tickets. 

On  the  left  of  Mrs.  Gardner's  residence  is  Simmons  College,  its\ 
founder  declaring  its  purpose  to  be  "to  furnish  to  women  instruc- 
tion and  training  in  such  branches  of  art,  science,  and  industry  as 


62 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


SIMMONS  COLLEGE 


may  be  serviceable  in  enabling  them  to  acquire  a  livelihood."  The 
main  building  seen  here  is  a  long  structure  of  brick,  consisting  of  a 
central  section  and  two  wings.  Although  Simmons  College  was  not  in- 
corporated until  1899, 
it  has  a  large  and 
increasing  number  of 
students.  A  dormitory 
for  the  students  of  the 
college  is  situated  on 
Brookline  Avenue,  not 
far  from  its  junction 
with  the  parkway. 

At  the  junction  of 
The  Fenway  and  River- 
way,  just  beyond  Sim- 
mons  College,  the 
Avenue  Louis  Pasteur  leads  up  to  the  court  of  the  Harvard  Medi- 
cal School  buildings.  On  the  right  is  the  High  School  of  Commerce. 
At  the  corner  of  Huntington  and  Longwood  Avenues,  back  of  Mrs. 
Gardner's  palace,  are  the  Girls'  Latin  and  Normal  Schools,  while 
near  the  corner  of  Riverway  and  Brookline  Avenue  is  the  handsome 
new  building  of  Notre  Dame  Academy  (Roman  Catholic),  formerly 
on  Berkeley  Street. 

The  Church  of  the  Disciples  is  to  be  seen  on  Peterborough  Street. 
This  church  society,  of  which  James  Freeman  Clarke  was  for  many 
years  the  pastor,  worshiped  formerly  in  the  building  at  the  corner 
of  Warren  Avenue  and  West  Brookline  Street. 

At  the  corner  of  Jersey  Street  and  Audubon  Road,  No  107,  on  the 
latter  parkway,  is  the  Eliot  Hospital,  a  general  hospital  of  26  beds 
that  was  established  in  1886. 

To  the  left  of  Copley  Square  is  Huntington  Avenue.  On  the  right 
of  Huntington  Avenue,  about  two  blocks  beyond  Copley  Square, 
is  the  Mechanics  Building.  This  building  covers  seven  acres  of 
land  and  belongs  to  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic 


MECHANICS  BUILDING 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


63 


N.  L.  Stebbins,  Photo. 

HORTICULTURAL  HALL 


Association.    It  has  two  very  large  halls,  one  used  for  exhibition  pur- 
poses, and  the  other  as  an  auditorium  with  a  seating  capacity  of  eight 
thousand.      Besides  these  halls  the  building  contains  a  smaller  hall 
and  trade  schools.    The  so- 
ciety  was  founded  in  1795, 
and  Paul  Revere  was  its 
first  president.    Its  object 
was  to  relieve  the  wants  of 
unfortunate  mechanics  and 
their  families,  and  to  pro- 
mote inventions   and   im- 
provements   in    mechanic 
arts.    The  present  building 
was  erected  in  1880-81. 

To  the  right  of  Hunting- 
ton  Avenue,  just  before  one  reaches  Massachusetts  Avenue,  is  to  be 
seen  through  a  park  maintained  by  the  Society,  the  huge  Christian 
Science  Church,  which  was  dedicated  in  1906.  This  building,  which 
is  joined  to  the  so-called  "Mother  Church,"  has  more  the  propor- 
tions of  an  Old  World  cathedral  than  of  a  church.  It  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  five  thousand.  Its  dome,  surmounted  by  a  cupola,  is 
two  hundred  and  twenty-four  feet  high  —  a  landmark  which  can 
be  seen  at  a  very  considerable  distance.  The  Christian  Science 
Monitor  is  published  at  107  Falmouth  Street,  near  by. 

Near  the  intersection  of  Huntington  and  Massachusetts  Avenues 
are  several  buildings  which  are  of  interest.     Horticultural  Hall,  on 

-  the  northeast  cor- 
ner of  Huntington 
and  Massachusetts 
Avenues,  is  the 
building  of  the 
Massachusetts 
Horticultural  So- 
ciety, which  was 
founded  in  1829. 
Every  year  the 
society  has  many 
exhibitions  of 
fruit,  plants, 
flowers,  vegeta- 
bles, fungi,  etc. 

Across  Massachusetts  Avenue  from  Horticultural  Hall  is  Symphony 
Hall.     Here   are   given  during  the  fall   and  winter  the  concerts 


SYMPHONY  HALL 


64 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


CONSERVATORY  OF  MUSIC 
JORDAN  HALL  IN  REAR 


of   the    celebrated    Boston    Symphony    Orchestra.      During    the 
spring  members  of  the  same  orchestra  give  a  series  of  popular 

promenade  concerts  called 
'Tops." 

At  No.  241  St.  Botolph 
Street,  just  a  block  east  of 
Huntington  Avenue,  is  the 
Industrial  School  for  Crip- 
pled and  Deformed  Chil- 
dren. This  school,  with  a 
capacity  of  100  day  pupils, 
was  incorporated  in  1894, 
"to  promote  the  education 
and  special  training  of 
crippled  and  deformed 
children."  It  is  a  private  charitable  corporation.  Opposite  the 
school  on  St.  Botolph  Street  is  the  Boston  Arena,  recently  rebuilt 
after  a  fire  and  opened  January  1,  1921.  It  is  a  place  for  skating 
carnivals  and  large  assemblages.  On  Huntington  Avenue  diagonally 
opposite  Symphony  Hall  is  the  Back  Bay  Post  Office,  the  largest 
branch  of  the  Boston  Post  Office. 

On  the  corner  of  Gainsborough  Street  and  Huntington  Avenue  is 
the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music,  incorporated  in  1867. 
This  is  the  largest  and  most  important  music  school  in  the  country. 
It  has  courses  in  the  science  and  art  of  music  in  all  its  branches.  By 
an  arrangement  with  Harvard  University,  students  of  either  insti- 
tution may  take  certain  courses  at  the  other,  an  arrangement  ad- 
vantageous to  both.  In  Jordan  Hall,  the  Concert  Room,  is  the  great 
organ,  formerly  in  the  old  Boston  Music  Hall,  in  Hamilton  Place. 
Jordan  Hall,  the  chief  auditorium  in  the  Conservatory,  is  entered 
from  Gainsborough  Street. 

Next  to  the  Conservatory 
is  the  fine  large  building  of 
the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  and  further 
along,  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  avenue,  is  the  Boston 
Opera  House  at  No.  335. 

Tufts  College  Medical 
School.  By  vote  of  the 
Trustees  of  Tufts  College  the  Tufts  College  Medical  School  was 
established  in  Boston,  August  28,  1893.  The  object  of  the  school 
was  to  provide  a  "practical  and  thorough  medical  education  for 


TUFTS   COLLEGE  MEDICAL  SCHOOL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  65 

persons  of  both  sexes  upon  equal  terms."  The  school  at  first  was 
situated  in  a  building  belonging  to  the  College  at  No.  188  Boylston 
Street.  These  quarters  were  speedily  outgrown  and  the  Chauncy 
Hall  School  building,  in  Copley  Square,  was  leased  while  the 
building  on  the  corner  of  Rutland  Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue  was 
prepared  for  its  permanent  location.  In  1897  the  school  was 
transferred  to  Rutland  Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue.  The  quarters 
for  the  school  having  become  again  outgrown  and  the  Boston  Dental 
College  having  become  an  incorporate  part  of  Tufts  College,  it  was 
found  necessary  to  provide  still  larger  quarters  for  the  rapidly  in- 
creasing number  of  students.  The  present  building,  on  the  corner 
of  Huntington  Avenue  and  Bryant  Street,  was  accordingly  con- 
structed, and  has  been  the  home  of  the  Medical  and  Dental  schools 
since  the  opening  of  the  session  of  1901-02. 

The  school  offers  a  four-year  graded  course  in  all  the  branches  of 
the  study  of  medicine.  The  policy  of  the  school  has  been  the  quali- 
fication of  its  students  as  general  practitioners.  While  stressing 
the  importance  of  the  bedside  study  of  disease,  the  Faculty  has  not 
abandoned  so  much  as  have  some  other  institutions  the  didactic 
method  of  teaching.  The  Laboratories  of  Biological  Chemistry, 
Pathology,  Anatomy,  and  Physiology  have  furnished  her  students 
with  facilities  adequate  to  the  practical  wish  of  training  practition- 
ers, but  have  not  catered  especially  to  research  scholars.  New 
buildings  have  been  added  to  accommodate  the  constantly  increas- 
ing classes,  the  last  to  be  completed  being  occupied  in  the  fall  of 
1920.  The  premedical  (two-year)  course  now  furnishes  all  the 
students  that  the  teaching  facilities  of  the  school  can  accommodate 
and  at  present  the  entering  classes  approximate  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five.  The  school  has  access  to  abundant  clinical  material, 
the  bulk  of  which,  in  the  major  subjects  of  medicine  and  surgery  is 
obtained  in  two  teaching  services  at  the  Boston  City  Hospital. 
Some  of  the  specialties  find  their  material  also  at  the  Massachusetts 
General  and  the  Carney  Hospitals,  the  Boston  Dispensary,  the 
Robert  Brigham,  St.  Elizabeth's,  the  Psychopathic,  and  two  well- 
equipped  hospitals  conducted  by  the  Salvation  Army. 

Very  many  of  the  students  are,  in  part  or  wholly,  self-supporting 
while  pursuing  their  studies,  and  as  the  school  has  no  endowed 
scholarships,  this  means  that  these  young  men  must  devote  their 
vacations  as  well  as  what  they  can  take  from  their  school  year 
to  remunerative  pursuits.  Nevertheless  an  attendance  of  eighty- 
five  per  cent  upon  all  school  exercises  is  compulsory,  and  in  spite 
of  the  handicap  to  high  scholarship  that  obtains  when  economic 
necessity  drives  so  many  to  give  time  and  thought  to  their  own 


66  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

support,  the  standing  of  the  graduates  before  State  Boards  has  not 
been  discreditable.  The  school  usually  includes  eight  or  ten  young 
women  in  each  class.  After  graduation  most  of  them  find  places  in 
institutional  work. 

Beyond  the  Fens  one  conies,  on  the  right,  to  Longwood  Avenue, 
on  which  at  No.  240  are  the  buildings  of  the  Harvard  Medical 
School.  The  Harvard  Medical  School  was  the  third  medical  school  to 
be  founded  in  the  United  States,  being  antedated  by  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  Medical  School,  founded  in  1765,  and  King's  Col- 
lege, later  Columbia  University,  New  York,  founded  in  1768. 

The  school  may  be  said  to  owe  its  origin  to  the  bequest  of  Dr. 
Ezekiel  Hersey  to  Harvard  College  in  the  year  1770  of  the  sum  of 
£1000,  to  be  used  "for  a  Professorship  of  Anatomy,  and  for  that 
use  only."  Dr.  Hersey  was  a  plain  country  doctor,  with  a  practice 
in  Hingham  and  the  surrounding  towns.  He  had  graduated  from 
Harvard  and  had  studied  medicine  in  Boston  under  a  preceptor, 
as  the  custom  of  those  days  was.  He  felt  the  need  of  a  medical 
school,  and  resolved  to  do  what  he  could  toward  establishing 
one. 

The  Revolution  delayed  the  beginning  of  the  school,  but  brought 
to  it,  when  once  it  was  started,  the  results  of  the  experience  gained 
in  the  military  hospitals,  and  in  the  contact  with  the  medical  men 
trained  in  the  best  schools  of  the  mother  country. 

The  history  of  the  school  may  be  divided,  conveniently,  into  five 
periods,  for  with  every  change  of  location  came  important  altera- 
tions in  the  personnel  of  the  teaching  force,  in  policies,  and  in  the 
clinical  opportunities  afforded  the  students. 

First  (1782-1816),  its  life  in  Cambridge,  and  in  its  temporary 
quarters  on  old  Marlborough  Street,  in  Boston. 

Second  (1816-1847),  the  time  that  it  occupied  the  Massachusetts 
Medical  College  building  on  Mason  Street. 

Third  (1847-1883),  its  occupancy  of  the  building  on  North  Grove 
Street. 

Fourth  (1883-1906),  the  twenty-three  years  during  which  its 
home  was  on  Boylston  Street. 

Fifth  (1906-  ),  its  development  in  the  splendid  buildings, 
newly  opened  at  the  time  of  the  last  Meeting  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  in  Boston,  into  the  center  of  a  great  hospital 
group. 

Dr.  John  Warren,  surgeon  in  the  Continental  Army  and  an  active 
physician,  had  given  a  successful  series  of  lectures  on  Anatomy  in 
Boston  in  1780  and  1781,  and  was  invited  to  repeat  them  in  Cam- 
bridge. This  he  did,  and  at  the  request  of  the  College  drew  up 


68  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

articles  to  govern  the  Department  of  Medicine  to  be  formed  in 
connection  with  Harvard  College.  He  was  chosen  to  the  chair  of 
Anatomy  and  Surgery  in  1782,  and  a  month  later  Benjamin  Water- 
house,  a  Boston  practitioner,  formerly  of  Newport,  was  elected 
Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic.  The  following 
year  Aaron  Dexter,  a  Boston  apothecary,  was  made  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica.  These  three  composed  the  teaching  force  during 
the  early  years  of  the  school. 

The  instruction  consisted  at  first  mainly  of  lectures,  which  were 
given  in  Harvard  Hall  and  Holden  Chapel  in  the  College  grounds 
at  Cambridge.  Dissecting  material  was  hard  to  procure.  The 
first  degrees  were  conferred  in  1788  and  were  those  of  Bachelors 
of  Medicine,  the  first  Doctors  of  Medicine  being  graduated  in 
1811. 

Attempts  to  secure  clinical  advantages  in  Cambridge  proving 
fruitless,  arrangements  were  made,  in  1810,  for  a  course  of  clinical 
lectures  at  the  almshouse  on  Leverett  Street,  in  Boston,  and  a  Pro- 
fessor of  Clinical  Medicine  was  appointed  in  the  person  of  James 
Jackson.  Two  years  later  he  succeeded  Dr.  Waterhouse  as  Professor 
of  Theory  and  Practice,  and  held  both  positions  for  several  years. 
The  professors  were  paid,  for  the  most  part,  by  the  fees  received 
from  their  pupils. 

The  number  of  medical  students  in  1814  was  one  hundred  and 
twenty,  of  which  fifty  were  at  the  school  in  Boston  and  seventy  in 
Cambridge.  Communication  between  Boston  and  Cambridge  was 
by  ferry  to  Charlestown  and  a  long  journey  over  the  road.  Many 
were  the  subterfuges  resorted  to  in  order  to  get  material  for  dissec- 
tion. Popular  prejudice  was  strong  against  anatomical  study,  and 
"body  snatching"  alone  produced  practical  results.  The  good 
physician  of  those  days  had  to  possess  many  sorts  of  fortitude  — 
he  must  brave  the  terrors  of  the  law  to  round  out  his  education, 
and  keep  a  steady  hand  while  operating  on  conscious  and  suffering 
humanity. 

The  anatomical  dissections  were  made  in  the  rooms  over  White's 
apothecary  shop  (on  the  site  of  400  Washington  Street),  and  the 
clinical  facilities  were  furnished  by  the  almshouse,  the  Marine  Hos- 
pital (1803)  at  Charlestown,  the  Boston  Dispensary  (1801),  and  the 
State  Prison  at  Charlestown.  For  many  years  the  lectures  in  Chem- 
istry were  delivered  at  Cambridge. 

Dr.  John  Warren  died  in  1815,  and  was  succeeded  in  the  chair  of 
Anatomy  and  Surgery  by  his  son,  John  Collins  Warren.  In  this 
same  year  Jacob  Bigelow  was  Lecturer  in  Materia  Medica  and 
J3otany,  and  Walter  Channing  in  Midwifery,  so  that  when  the  schopj 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


69 


moved  into  its  new  building  on  Mason  Street  —  the  Massachusetts 
Medical  College,  as  it  was  called  in  1816  —  the  teaching  force  had 
materially  changed,  and  consisted  of  J.  C.  Warren  in  Anatomy  and 
Surgery;  James  Jackson  in  Theory  and  Practice;  Jacob  Bigelow  in 
Materia  Medica;  Walter  Channing  in  Midwifery;  and  John  Gor- 
ham,  who  had  succeeded  Dexter,  in  Chemistry.  Dr.  Gorham  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  New  England  Medical  Journal  (1812), 
the  forerunner  of  the  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  (1828). 
Dr.  J.  C.  Warren  was  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  during 
the  years  the  school  remained  on  Mason  Street.  He  was  instrumen- 
tal in  getting  the 
legislative  grant 
with  which  the 
Mason  Street 
building  was 
erected,  and  he 
helped  raise  the 
sum  of  $150,000 
which  was  used 
to  build  the 
Massachusetts 
General  Hospital. 
He  was  selected 
as  visiting  sur- 
geon to  the  hospi- 
tal when  it  was 
opened  in  1821, 
and  performed  there  the  first  operation  under  ether  anesthesia,  Octo- 
ber 16,  1846.  He  was  the  third  president  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  elected  when  it  met  in  Boston  in  1849.  Incidentally  the 
Association  held  its  conventions  in  this  city  in  1865  and  in  1906. 

The  first  regular  medical  faculty  was  organized  November  1, 
1816,  and  consisted  of  Drs.  Jackson,  Warren,  Gorham,  Bigelow, 
and  Channing.  A  library  and  a  museum  were  established  in  the 
new  school.  The  number  of  students  in  1818  was  fifty-eight,  and 
the  course  of  lectures  lasted  three  months. 

When  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  was  completed,  it  was 
used  to  provide  clinical  material  for  the  students.  John  Ware  suc- 
ceeded James  Jackson  as  Hersey  Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Physic  in  1836,  and  John  White  Webster  succeeded  Dr. 
Gorham  in  1827. 

In  1831  the  Medical  School  was  organized  as  a  distinct  depart- 
ment;  with  its  own  dean,  and  with  complete  local  self-government; 


MASSACHUSETTS  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  MASON  STREET,  BOSTON, 
1815. 


70  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

maintaining  its  own  receipts  and  expenditures,  and  it  remained  in 
this  anomalous  condition  until  President  Eliot  took  charge  of  the 
University  in  1870.  Then  a  new  regime  began,  and  dating  from  this 
time  the  president  was  instrumental  in  developing  the  school  as  an 
integral  part  of  the  University. 

In  1846  George  Parkman  presented  the  growing  school  with  a 
lot  of  land  on  North  Grove  Street,  close  to  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  and  a  new  building  was  erected  on  it.  The  Parkman 
Professorship  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  was  created  by  the  Presi- 
dent and  Fellows  of  Harvard  College  in  1847,  and  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes  was  elected  to  fill  this  office.  At  the  same  time  Dr.  J.  B.  S. 
Jackson  was  created  Professor  of  Pathological  Anatomy.  This  was 
the  year  of  the  organization  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 

In  1849  Dr.  Henry  J.  Bigelow  succeeded  Dr.  Hayward,  who  had 
followed  Dr.  Warren  in  the  chair  of  Surgery. 

The  Warren  museum  of  anatomical  preparations,  collected  by 
Dr.  John  C.  Warren  abroad  and  in  this  country,  was  given  to  the 
school  on  the  completion  of  the  new  building,  and  was  the  basis  of 
the  present  Warren  Anatomical  Museum,  which  contains  about 
twelve  thousand  specimens,  illustrating  normal  and  pathological 
anatomy  by  corrosion  preparations,  papier-mache  models,  speci- 
mens dried  and  in  preservatives;  a  most  valuable  teaching  collec- 
tion, that  has  been  gathered  by  a  long  line  of  teachers  of  Anatomy. 

At  this  time  the  different  clinical  facilities  were  furnished  by  the 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  close  at  hand;  by  the  Massachu- 
setts Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  (1824),  which  moved  into 
a  new  building  on  Charles. Street  in  1850;  by  the  Perkins  Institution 
for  the  Blind  (1829)  in  South  Boston;  and  by  the  Boston  Lying-in 
Hospital  (1832)  on  McLean  Street.  It  was  at  this  hospital  that 
Dr.  O.  W.  Holmes  made  the  study  of  puerperal  septicaemia,  on 
which  he  founded  his  famous  thesis  which  revolutionized  the  prac- 
tice of  obstetrics.  Clinical  teaching  in  mental  diseases  was  conducted 
at  the  Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  Danvers  and  at  the  Boston  Insane 
Hospital,  now  both  called  "State  Hospitals." 

The  clinical  advantages  of  the  school  were  increased  by  the 
founding  of  the  House  of  the  Good  Samaritan  in  1860,  and  by  the 
building  of  the  Boston  City  Hospital  in  1864.  The  Children's  Hos- 
pital, founded  in  1869,  opened  its  doors  to  the  students  of  the  school 
in  1882,  and  the  Free  Hospital  for  Women  (1875)  at  about  this 
time.  In  later  years  the  students  had  clinical  facilities  afforded 
them  at  the  Infants'  Hospital,  the  Long  Island  Hospital  for  chronic 
diseases  in  Boston  Harbor,  and  the  Carney  Hospital. 

Among  the  eminent  men  connected  with  the  school  while  it  was 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


71 


on  North  Grove  Street  were  G.  C.  Shattuck,  Professor  of  Clinical 
Medicine,  and  also  of  Theory  and  Practice;  Jacob  Bigelow,  Professor 
of  Materia  Medica;  Jeffries  Wyman,  Hersey  Professor  of  Anatomy; 
David  Humphreys  Storer,  Professor  of  Obstetrics;  Henry  J.  Bige- 
low, Professor  of  Surgery;  Charles  W.  Eliot,  later  president  of  the 
college,  Lecturer  in  Chemistry;  Morrill  Wyman,  Professor  of  Theory 
and  Practice;  Henry  I.  Bowditch,  Jackson  Professor  of  Clinical 
Medicine,  and  Calvin  Ellis,  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine.  Dr. 


HARVARD  MEDICAL  SCHOOL,  18S3-1906 
NOW  BOSTON  UNIVERSITY   COLLEGE   OF   LIBERAL  ARTS 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  gave  his  last  lecture  in  Anatomy  in  the 
North  Grove  Street  building  in  1882. 

As  early  as  1874  the  progress  of  the  school  was  such  as  to  pre- 
shadow  the  need  of  larger  and  better  facilities,  but  though  at  this 
time  a  public  meeting  was  held  and  a  committee  to  raise  funds  ap- 
pointed, it  was  not  until  the  fall  of  1883,  one  hundred  years  after 
the  founding  of  the  school,  that  the  Harvard  Medical  School  moved 
into  its  new  building  on  Boylston  Street.  The  building  cost,  with 
the  land,  $321,415,  and  was  thought  at  the  time  to  be  admirably 
suited  to  the  needs  of  the  institution  for  many  years  to  come. 

A  four-year  course  of  study  was  made  optional  in  1879-80,  before 
moving  to  Boylston  Street.  In  1892  it  was  made  obligatory,  with 
most  beneficial  results,  the  number  of  students  not  falling  off  to 


72  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

any  appreciable  extent.  In  1893  the  teaching  staff  consisted  of 
eighty-six  men,  exclusive  of  those  connected  with  the  Summer 
School.  The  opening  of  the  Sears  Pathological  Laboratory  at  the 
school,  and  the  pathological  laboratories  at  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral and  City  hospitals,  greatly  enlarged  the  facilities  for  instruc- 
tion. The  Graduate  School  was  developed,  and  opportunities 
offered  for  men  to  become  investigators  or  specialists  of  the  highest 
type.  A  degree  in  Arts  or  Science  was  required  for  admission  to  the 
school  after  1902,  Harvard  being  the  pioneer  in  this  respect,  as  she 
was  the  second  medical  school  in  the  country  to  require  a  four-year 
course  of  study.  In  1904-05,  the  year  before  moving  into  the  new 
buildings  on  Longwood  Avenue,  of  the  three  hundred  and  seven 
students  in  the  school,  two  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  or  eighty- 
seven  per  cent,  were  holders  of  the  preliminary  degree  of  A.B. 
or  S.B. 

When  the  school  moved  to  Boylston  Street,  it  separated  itself  from 
a  near-by  hospital,  and  from  this  time  the  clinical  facilities,  although 
most  ample,  were  spread  about  in  many  hospitals  at  a  considerable 
distance  from  the  school  building.  All  this  has  in  a  remarkable 
degree  been  changed  at  the  Longwood  Avenue  location,  and  the 
great  need  of  medical  education  has  been  met  by  a  conjunction  of 
laboratories  with  clinical  advantages.  But  while  the  new  group  of 
hospitals  about  the  school  has  centralized  in  that  neighborhood  a 
very  considerable  amount  of  clinical  material,  the  great  clinics  of 
the  Massachusetts  General  and  City  Hospitals  continue  to  form 
the  basis  of  perhaps  the  larger  part  of  the  medical  and  surgical 
teaching. 

The  School  on  Longwood  Avenue.  The  scheme  for  the  expan- 
sion and  development  of  the  Medical  School  owes  its  success  in  a 
large  measure  to  the  untiring  efforts  of  Dr.  Henry  P.  Bowditch  and 
Dr.  J.  Collins  Warren,  who  educated  the  members  of  the  medical 
profession  to  demand,  and  the  public  to  provide,  the  means  for  the 
accomplishment  of  this  object,  so  fraught  with  promise  to  the  cause 
of  medical  education. 

In  1900  a  Committee  of  the  Faculty  of  the  Medical  School  secured 
a  parcel  of  land  on  Longwood  Avenue,  on  the  outskirts  of  Boston, 
near  the  Brookline  line,  as  the  site  for  the  new  medical  school. 
The  land  was  held  in  trust  by  twenty  public-spirited  citizens  of 
Boston  and  vicinity,  who  subscribed  $565,000  for  the  purpose. 
Through  the  generosity  of  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  John  D.  Rocke- 
feller, Mrs.  Collis  P.  Huntington,  and  sixty-nine  different  donors 
the  buildings  were  erected  and  dedicated  in  1906. 

Arrangements  were  made  with  several  hospitals  whereby  a  portion 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  73 

of  the  land  not  needed  for  the  medical  school  should  be  reserved  for 
the  erection  of  hospitals,  to  be  managed  in  conjunction  with  the 
school.  This  far-sighted  step  has  since  resulted  in  the  establish- 
ment of  a  number  of  important  hospitals  at  the  school  doorsteps, 
and  in  attracting  others  to  the  immediate  neighborhood.  The 
Peter  Bent  Brigham,  the  Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial,  the  Chil- 
dren's and  the  Infants'  Hospitals,  the  House  of  the  Good  Samaritan, 
as  well  as  the  Harvard  Dental  School  and  the  Carnegie  Nutrition 
Laboratory  closely  surround  the  Medical  School  and  derive  light 
and  heat  from  its  power  plant.  The  Psychopathic  Hospital  is 
hardly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  away,  and  the  Robert  Breck  Brigham 
Hospital  and  the  Elks  Reconstruction  Hospital  on  the  summit  of 
Parker  Hill  are  almost  equally  near.  The  folding  map  shows 


PETER  BENT  BRIGHAM  HOSPITAL 

the  relation  of  most  of  these  institutions  to  each  other  and  to 
the  school. 

The  Peter  Bent  Brigham  Hospital  is  on  the  corner  of  Huntington 
Avenue  and  Francis  Street.  Peter  Bent  Brigham,  a  native  of 
Vermont,  left  at  his  death  in  1877  the  fortune  which  resulted  in 
1902  in  the  incorporation,  and  in  1913  in  the  completion  of  the 
hospital  which  bears  his  name.  The  hospital  has  from  the  first  been 
most  closely  connected  with  the  Harvard  Medical  School.  Built 
at  its  front  door,  its  chiefs  of  service,  medical  and  surgical,  hold 
chairs  in  these  departments  of  the  school,  and  give  their  entire  time 
to  the  two  institutions.  Medical  students  are  assigned  in  groups 
to  its  wards  during  the  entire  year  and  when  so  assigned  spend  their 
full  time  as  an  integral  part  of  the  hospital  machine.  All  physicians 
of  the  staff  are  salaried;  all  hold  teaching  as  well  as  hospital  positions. 
The  house  staff  consists  of  salaried  Residents  with  indefinite  terms 
of  service,  and  of  house  officers  with  an  eighteen-month  term. 

The  capacity  of  the  hospital  is  220  beds,  equally  divided  between 
general  medical  and  surgical  services.  The  wards  are  two-storied, 
generously  spread  over  ample  grounds.  The  Out-Door  Department 
for  Out-Patients  is  open  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night. 


74  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

The  patients  admitted  to  the  hospital  January  1,  1920,  to  De- 
cember 31,  1920,  inclusive,  were:  medical,  2446;  surgical,  1870; 
total,  4316.  The  number  of  new  cases  treated  in  the  Out-Door 
Department  were:  medical,  4099;  surgical,  3530;  prenatal,  9;  uro- 
logical  224;  total,  7862.  The  number  of  visits  to  the  Out-Door 
Department  were:  medical,  20,349;  surgical,  16,917;  prenatal,  30; 
urological,  4414;  total,  41,710. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  at  Francis  and  Binney  Streets, 
is  the  outcome  of  a  work  started  by  Miss  Annie  Smith  Robbins  in 
1861.  She  at  that  time  opened  the  house  at  the  corner  of  McLean 

and  Chambers 
Streets,  for  the  care 
of  women  suffer- 
ing from  chronic 
diseases.  The 
house  had  a  capa- 
city of  12  patients. 
Later  an  ortho- 
pedic department 
was  added.  The 

Photo.  *  Dr.  M.  D.  Miller  fc 


HOUSE  OF  THE  GOOD  SAMARITAN  .  ,          ,. 

on  under  the  di- 

rection of  the  founder,  who  lived  in  the  house  until  the  time  of  her 
death,  in  1899.  After  the  death  of  Miss  Robbins,  the  board  of 
trustees,  her  relatives  and  friends  raised  the  money  for  the  present 
model  hospital,  which  was  first  occupied  in  July,  1905. 

The  building  has  43  beds,  12  of  which  are  orthopedic,  the  rest 
medical.  The  medical  side  divides  its  beds  about  equally  between 
patients  with  phthisis  and  those  suffering  with  other  chronic  diseases. 
The  institution  is  the  first  example  in  this  community  of  a  hospital 
for  the  treatment  of  chronic  diseases,  it  being  in  every  respect  a 
hospital  and  not  a  home.  Recently  a  special  ward  of  21  beds  for 
cases  of  cancer  has  been  added. 

The  present  Harvard  Dental  School,  situated  at  188  Longwood 
Avenue  beside  the  Medical  School,  is  a  dental  hospital  and  infirm- 
ary pure  and  simple.  Completed  in  1909,  the  building  represents 
the  best  modern  dental  requirements  and  is  the  natural  outcome 
of  forty  years  of  steady  progress  in  dental  teaching.  In  1867 
the  Corporation  of  Harvard  University  granted  the  petition  of  the 
Dean  of  the  Medical  School  that  a  Dental  Department  be  estab- 
lished. Dr.  Nathan  Cooley  Keep,  the  originator  of  the  plan,  was 
made  the  first  Dean.  Beginning  in  a  very  humble  way,  in  the  Out- 
Patient  Department  of  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  with 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  75 

sixteen  matriculants,  the  school  steadily  developed  until  in  1917 
there  were  800  alumni  and  a  registration  of  230  students.  The  way 
has  been  marked  by  a  continual  elevation  in  the  standards  of  teach- 
ing and  study  and  in  the  requirements  for  admission. 

Through  its  Dental  Department,  Harvard  was  the  first  classical 
institution  to  grant  a  degree  in  dentistry.  The  school  was  the 
pioneer  in  substituting  in  1871  an  optional  lengthening  of  the  school 
year  as  a  substitute  for  private  pupilage,  with  a  progressive  course 
of  two  years.  After  entering  its  present  building  in  1909  the  Faculty 
was  merged  with  that  of  the  Medical  School.  Since  then  the  Dental 
School  has  been  the  first  to  demand  as  a  prerequisite  to  admission 
a  four-year  course  in  selected  training  along  academic  lines  in  a  re- 
spectable high  school.  For  many  years  the  school,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  a  line  of  scholarly  and  enlightened  deans,  has  been  a  strong 
and  leading  factor  in  the  development  of  teaching  in  dentistry.  In 
1903  it  withdrew  from  the  National  Association  of  Dental  Faculties 
to  mark  its  disaprobation  of  the  low  entrance  requirements  of  a 
majority  of  the  schools  holding  membership  in  that  body.  In  1908 
it  joined  with  the  University  Schools  in  a  Dental  Faculties  Associa- 
tion of  American  Universities  whose  advance  in  standards  culmi- 
nated in  1917  in  the  present  four-year  course.  At  Harvard  the 
first  year  includes  a  compulsory  course  in  biology  as  a  basis  of 
subsequent  medical  studies. 

The  lectures  and  laboratory  exercises  in  the  Dental  School  are 
given  in  the  near-by  Medical  School,  and  the  dental  infirmary  proper 
is  given  up  to  the  actual  clinics,  including  a  large  Orthodontia  Clinic 
and  a  Prosthetic  Laboratory.  Within  a  few  years  the  school  has 
been  able  to  offer  greater  encouragement  to  students  in  research 
and  has  supplied  third-year  students  and  graduate  teachers  to  the 
Massachusetts  Hospital  Dental  Service.  Its  graduates  have  faith- 
fully assisted  the  school  by  teaching  and  gifts  of  money  and  are 
becoming  increasingly  prominent  upon  the  staffs  of  hospital  and 
dental  infirmaries. 

Finally,  a  number  of  its  graduates  have  performed  a  brilliant 
role  in  war  surgery,  and  an  illustration  of  the  nature  and  scope  of 
their  work  may  be  seen  in  Dr.  Kazanjian's  exhibit  of  plaster  faces 
of  wounded  soldiers  on  the  Western  Front,  before  and  after  treat- 
ment, together  with  a  large  number  of  photographs. 

Harvard  is  recognizing  at  last  the  faithful  work  of  instructors  in 
the  Dental  School  by  paying  salaries  for  service  in  teaching  long 
rendered  without  money  reward. 

Next  to  the  Dental  School,  at  184  Longwood  Avenue,  is  the 
Angell  Memorial  Hospital  for  Animals  of  the  Massachusetts  Society 


76 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals.  This  is  the  last  word 
in  a  modern  institution  of  its  kind  and  will  well  repay  a  visit. 
Across  the  street,  at  No.  179,  is  the  Massachusetts  College  of 
Pharmacy,  a  most  important  institution  where  young  men  are 
trained  in  pharmacy  preparatory  to  registering  with  the  Board  of 
Registration  in  Pharmacy  at  the  State  House.  The  College  was 
founded  in  1823  and  incorporated  in  1852. 

The  Carnegie  Nutrition  Laboratory  is  situated  at  the  meeting 
of  Villa  and  Van  Dyke  Streets  close  to  the  power  station  of  the 
Harvard  Medical  School.  The  investigations  in  nutrition,  to  which 
this  laboratory  is  devoted,  originated  with  the  late  Professor  W.  O. 
Atwater,  of  Wesley  an  University,  Middletown,  Conn.  The  work 
has  been  carried  on  in  the  Boston  laboratory  by  Professor  Francis 
G.  Benedict  for  The  Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington  since  1908 
when  the  present  building  was  completed. 

The  laboratory  equipment  consists  of  a  variety  of  apparatus, 
made  for  the  most  part  in  the  laboratory  machine  shop,  for  the 
study  of  metabolism  and  related  subjects.     Respiration  calorim- 
eters and  other  types  of  respiration  apparatus  are  used  (to  men- 
tion some  of  the  more  important  pieces  of  research)  in  the  study  of 
normal  metabolism  at  rest  and  under  exertion,  in  investigations  of 
diabetes,  in  the  study  of  infants  up  to  two  years  of  age,  and  in  in- 
vestigations into  the  effect 
of  alcohol  upon  the  human 
organization.  Studies  have 
been  made  upon  some  ex- 
perimental metabolic  dis- 
turbances    in    dogs,    and 
certain  fundamental   laws 
governing  heat  production 
have     been     investigated 
among  reptiles  in  the  New 
York  City  Zoological  Park. 
The  laboratory  has  received 
in  its  researches  the  coop- 
eration of  many  scientists,  both  American  and  foreign,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  active  and  productive  institutions  of  the  type  in  the 
world. 

The  Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital.  In  1901  the 
Cancer  Commission  of  Harvard  University  was  established,  and  the 
fund  of  $100,000  left  by  the  late  Caroline  Brewer  Croft  in  1899  be- 
came available  for  its  use.  In  1912  the  Commission  was  able,  prin- 
cipally through  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Collis  P.  Huntington,  to  build  the 


COLLIS   P.  HUNTINGTON   MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


77 


Collis  P.  Huntingdon  Memorial  Hospital,  devoted  to  the  study  and 
treatment  of  cancer.  The  hospital,  on  the  corner  of  Van  Dyke 
Street  and  Huntington  Avenue,  is  a  small  one  of  25  beds,  but  treats 
a  large  number  of  out-patient  cases.  A  two-story  addition  is  now 
in  process  of  construction  to  house  a  very  modern  and  powerful 
X-ray  plant,  which  will  be  used  in  addition  to  radium.  The  pur- 
pose of  the  hospital  is  not  only  to  care  for  incurable  cancer  in 
whatever  class  of  life,  but  to  find  the  cause  of  cancer  and  the  best 
means  of  treating  it.  To  this  end  extensive  research  is  carried  on 
by  the  Cancer  Commission. 

The  Children's  Hospital.  Founded  in  1869,  this  hospital,  sup- 
ported entirely  by  private  endowment  and  subscription,  began  as 
a  small  clinic  in 
a  dwelling  house 
at  the  South  End. 
By  1882  it  was 
able  to  build  the 
hospital  on  Hunt- 
ington Avenue 
used  by  it  until 
1915,  when  the 
present  buildings 
of  150  beds  at 

300    Longwood  THE  CHILDREN'S  HOSPITAL 

Avenue  were  com- 
pleted and  occu- 
pied. To  this  institution  may  be  traced  the  great  interest  in 
orthopedics  so  prominent  in  Boston  medicine,  and  in  it,  in  the  past 
as  in  the  present,  most  of  the  orthopedic  surgeons  of  Boston  have 
been  trained.  Like  the  Peter  Bent  Brigham,  it  is  a  teaching  hos- 
pital closely  affiliated  with  the  Harvard  Medical  School,  in  which 
its  chiefs  of  service,  orthopedic  and  medical,  hold  professorships 
respectively  in  Orthopedic  Surgery  and  Pediatrics. 

The  hospital  wards  are  widely  scattered  over  the  grounds  behind 
the  Administration  Building  and  so  constructed  as  to  obtain  the 
maximum  of  air  and  sunlight.  Besides  the  medical  and  orthopedic 
services  there  is  a  general  surgical  service,  and  in  the  Out-Patient 
Department  a  clinic  for  diseases  of  the  nose  and  throat  as  well.  The 
out-patient  service  of  all  departments  cared  for  43,306  patients  in 
1920;  the  house  for  4682,  a  remarkably  varied  and  interesting 
clinic.  In  the  Social-Service  Department  there  were  2750  visits. 
The  hospital  possesses  an  excellent  shop  for  the  manufacture  of 
orthopedic  appliances. 


ADMINISTRATION   BUILDING,  NURSES     HOME,  AND 
OUT-PATIENT   DEPARTMENT 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


79 


INFANTS     HOSPITAL 


The  Children's  Hospital  has  maintained  for  many  years  in 
Wellesley  Hills,  twelve  miles  outside  of  Boston,  a  convalescent 
home  which  has  become  a  most  important  part  of  the  institution. 
It  has  no  financial  connection  with  the  hospital,  has  separate 
officers  and  managers,  and  is  supported  by  voluntary  subscriptions. 

The  Infants'  Hospital,  situated  at  55  Van  Dyke  Street  close  to 
the  Harvard  Medical  School,  began  in  1878  as  a  day  nursery  at 
18  Blossom  Street  (near  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital).  Dr. 
Henry  Cecil  Haven  sponsored  its  beginning.  With  Dr.  Thomas 

Morgan  Rotch  he  WBHiS&BBtS^&&!!iSG^%  m^^^B^H^BSBB 
was  a  pioneer  in 
the  study  of  the 
diseases  of  in- 
fants and  in  their 
scientific  feeding. 
The  hospital  was 
incorporated  in 
1881  as  the  West 
End  Nursery  and 
Hospital  for  In- 
fants, and  maintained  an  active  out-patient  department.  It  re- 
ceives infants  up  to  two  years  of  age.  In  1913,  with  its  change  of 
name  to  the  Infants'  Hospital,  the  institution  was  moved  to  the 
present  marble  building  known  as  the  Thomas  Morgan  Rotch, 
Jr.,  Memorial.  With  a  capacity  of  60  beds,  the  hospital  is  closely 
affiliated  with  Harvard.  Its  staff  teach  in  the  Medical  School  and 
give  clinics  in  the  hospital  to  third-  and  fourth-year  students. 
Besides  maintaining  a  training  school  for  nurses,  it  conducts  a 
school  for  nursery  maids  and  follows  up  the  treatment  of  its  patients 
through  its  Social-Service  Departments,  training  mothers  in  the 
care  of  infants. 

The  Robert  Breck  Brigham  Hospital  is  reached  by  trolley  over 
Huntington  Avenue  to  Parker  Hill  Avenue.  A  sharp  climb  brings 
one  to  No.  125.  Robert  Breck  Brigham,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
the  founder  of  this  hospital,  died  in  1900,  leaving,  among  other 
charitable  bequests,  a  considerable  fund  which  should  be  de- 
voted to  the  erection,  equipment,  and  maintenance  of  a  hospital 
"for  the  care  and  support  and  medical  and  surgical  treatment 
of  those  citizens  of  Boston  who  are  without  necessary  means  of 
support,  and  are  incapable  of  obtaining  a  comfortable  livelihood 
by  reason  of  chronic  or  incurable  disease  or  permanent  physical 
disability."  His  sister  later  joined  her  fortune  to  his,  and  the  in- 
stitution thus  built  looking  down  upon  the  Harvard  Medical 


80  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

School  from  the  top  of  a  near-by  hill  (Parker  Hill)  was  opened 
in  1914  with  150  beds.  From  the  time  of  opening  until  1918 
it  had  admitted  283  patients,  of  whom  many  had  been  made  self- 
supporting,  while  others  had  been  taken  care  of  by  relatives  and 
friends. 

The  hospital,  being  devoted  to  chronic  cases,  has  found  its  Social- 
Service  Department  essential  for  following  up  and  teaching  its  dis- 
charged patients  as  well  as  its  inmates.  Its  Industrial  Department 
has  taught  the  occupations  and  trades  which  war  hospitals  have 
found  so  important  to  the  health  and  well-being  of  victims  of  chronic 
diseases.  In  this  way  patients  defray  the  expense  of  apparatus  and 
dental  work.  A  laboratory  for  the  study  of  problems  related  to  the 
diseases  treated  has  from  the  start  been  an  integral  part  of  the 
institution. 

In  1918  the  hospital  was  taken  over  by  the  United  States  Army 
Medical  Department  together  with  the  adjoining  reconstruction 
hospital  built  by  the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  be- 
coming General  Hospital,  No.  10.  Recently  it  has  become  a  part 
of  the  Public  Health  Service,  being  Hospital  No.  36,  with  520  beds  in 
the  two  buildings.  The  organization  of  the  Robert  Breck  Brigham 
Hospital  is  maintained,  and  it  is  the  intention  to  restore  the  insti- 
tution to  the  care  of  its  trustees.  What  will  be  done  eventually 

with  the  Elks' 
Hospital  has  not 
been  determined. 
On  the  slope 
of  Parker  Hill 
at  53  Parker  Hill 
Avenue  is  the 
Massachusetts 
Women's  Hospital 
of  41  beds.  It 
is  a  semi-public 
institution  sup- 

NEW   ENGLAND   BAPTIST   HOSPITAL  nor ted       bv       a 

women's  charitable  organization.  Gynecological  and  abdominal 
cases  are  cared  for  by  a  small  staff.  Next  door,  at  No.  61,  is  the 
Gushing  Hospital  established  by  the  late  Dr.  E.  W.  Cushing  in 
1890.  It  is  a  general  hospital  of  35  beds.  On  top  of  the  hill  on 
the  same  street  (No.  Ill)  is  the  New  England  Baptist  Hospital, 
established  in  1893;  a  general  hospital  of  55  beds.  Here  any 
physician  in  good  standing  may  send  his  patients  and  care  for 
them. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


81 


PSYCHOPATHIC   HOSPITAL 


The  Psychopathic  Hospital  is  at  74  Fenwood  Road,  Roxbury, 
reached  by  Ipswich  Street  trolley  cars  from  Park  Street.  This 
institution  was 
authorized  in 
1909  by  the 
Massachusetts 
Legislature  and 
was  opened  for 
patients  in  1912, 
being  operated 
as  a  department 
of  the  Boston 
State  Hospital, 
its  purpose  being 
to  receive  mental 

patients  for  first  care,  observation,  and  examination.  It  is  thus  the 
only  one  of  the  group  of  hospitals  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Har- 
vard Medical  School  which  is  not  privately  endowed  and  sup- 
ported. Its  work,  an  important  link  in  the  State  Hospital  system 
for  the  insane,  is  distinct  from  the  treatment  of  obviously  com- 
mittable  cases.  Patients,  many  of  whom  are  temporary-care  and 
voluntary  cases,  come  for  a  ten-day  (or  less)  investigation  and  are 
then  disposed  of  according  to  the  conditions  found.  It  is  thus  a 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  large  clinic,  dealing  with  acute, 
4?*  special,  difficult,  and  borderline 

f  ,_^l.JI  cases,  admitted  by  special  dis- 

pensation from  the  State  at 
large  as  well  as  from  the  vicinity 
of  Boston.  The  work  involves 
problems  from  schools,  courts, 
the  Immigration  Bureau,  the 
Industrial  Accident  Board,  and 
the  like.  There  are  110  beds. 

The  hospital  was  frankly 
intended  by  the  State  authori- 
ties to  be  an  institution  for 
investigation  and  post-graduate 
teaching  of  the  State  Hospital 
physicians,  as  well  as  a  center 
for  undergraduate  teaching  in 
the  various  medical  schools  of 
Boston.  The  late  Professor  E.  E.  Southard,  who  held  the  chair 
of  Neuro-Psychiatry  at  Harvard  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in 


NEW   ENGLAND   DEACONESS 
HOSPITAL 


82  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

1920,  was,  from  the  start,  the  head  of  the  institution  and  was 
chiefly  responsible  for  its  remarkable  system  and  progress. 

The  Legislature  of  1920  authorized  the  separation  of  this  hospital 
from  the  Boston  -State  Hospital,  and  on  December  1,  1920,  the 
Boston  Psychopathic  Hospital  became  a  separate  institution,  with 
Dr.  C.  McFie  Campbell  as  Director.  Dr.  Campbell  has  also  been 
appointed  Professor  of  Psychiatry  at  Harvard  Medical  School. 

Deaconess  Hospital.  The  New  England  Deaconess  Association 
(Methodist)  incorporated,  has  three  hospitals  under  its  control. 
The  general  hospital  is  situated  at  175  Pilgrim  Road,  Back  Bay 
District.  Take  Ipsunch  Street,  Chestnut  Hill  car  at  Park  Street, 
getting  off  at  Deaconess  Road.  The  hospital  faces  the  little  park 
which  runs  down  to  Brookline  Avenue.  There  are  70  beds.  The 
Palmer  Memorial  Hospital  of  40  beds  for  chronic  cases  is  on  a 
beautiful  site  containing  about  six  acres  of  land  at  560  Blue  Hill 
Avenue,  Grove  Hall  District,  nearly  opposite  Franklin  Park.  A 
cottage-type  hospital  of  25  beds  is  maintained  at  Concord,  Mass., 
having  accommodations  for  general  cases  for  the  surrounding 
territory. 

The  Channing  Home  for  poor  and  deserving  women  with  advanced 
tuberculosis  is  at  198  Pilgrim  Road  near  the  Park.  There  are  22 
beds.  It  was  founded  in  1857  and  incorporated  in  1861. 


THE  WEST  END 


THE  West  End  of  Boston  is  a  curious  and  interesting  com- 
posite of  slums,  shabby-genteel,  and  lingering  aristocracy. 
In  places  it  retains  more  than  any  other  part  the  genuine 
old  Boston  atmosphere.     Medically  it  is  of  especial  interest,  con- 
taining, as  it  does,  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  the  Boston 
Lying-in  Hospital,  and 
the      Massachusetts 
Charitable    Eye     and 
Ear    Infirmary. 

The  West  End  is 
bounded  roughly  on 
the  north  by  Leverett 
Street,  on  the  south  by 
Beacon  Street  and  the 
Common,  on  the  west 
by  Charles  Street  and 
the  Charles  River,  and 
on  the  east  by  Somer- 
set Street  and  Bowdoin 
Square. 

Starting  at  the  arch- 
way of  the  State 
House  over  Mt.  Ver- 
non  Street  one  finds 
himself  at  the  corner 
of  Hancock  Street,  on 
which  are  situated 
many  of  Boston's  once 

fashionable  residences.  Walking  westward  along  Mt.  Vernon  Street, 
one  comes  to  Joy  Street.  On  the  corner  of  this  street,  No.  41  Mt. 
Vernon  Street,  is  the  building  of  the  United  Society  of  Christian 
Endeavor.  Descending  on  the  right  we  come  to  Cambridge  Street, 
and  crossing  it  continue  straight  on  through  Chambers  Street,  soon 
coming  to  McLean  Street  on  the  left.  At  this  corner  stands  the 
building  used  until 'recently  as  the  House  of  the  Good  Samaritan, 
at  present  established  in  a  fine  new  building  in  an  attractive  part 
of  the  city. 

At  No.  24  McLean  Street,  on  the  left,  is  the  Boston  Lying-in 
Hospital.  This  was  organized  in  1832  for  the  care  of  poor  and 
deserving  women  during  confinement.  After  several  changes  in 

83 


BOSTON  LYING-IN  HOSPITAL 


84  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

location  and  mode  of  administration,  the  trustees  established  the  in- 
stitution in  its  present  quarters.  In  1890  the  hospital  was  enlarged 
to  the  proportions  in  which  we  find  it  by  the  purchase  of  adjoining 
houses,  and  55  patients  can  now  be  accommodated.  The  Out- 
Patient  Clinic,  established  in  1881,  is  at  No.  4  McLean  Street.  The 
branch  in  the  South  End  is  now  at  No.  14  Rollins  Street.  In  this 
department  women  are  confined  at  their  homes.  Students  from  the 
third-  and  fourth-year  classes  at  the  Harvard  Medical  School  do 
this  work,  under  experienced  supervision,  and  in  this  way  get  the 
training  in  obstetrics  required  for  their  degree.  During  the  year 
1920  there  were  treated  in  the  hospital  1123  patients,  there  were 
946  deliveries.  In  the  Out-Patient  Department  1255  attended  and 
2383  patients  were  treated  in  the  clinics  with  a  total  of  7488  visits. 
In  1889  the  hospital  opened  a  training  school  for  nurses. 

In  1910  a  Prenatal  Clinic  was  established  in  the  belief  that  both 
infant  and  maternal  mortality  could  be  reduced  and  valuable  lessons 
in  hygiene  taught.  During  the  year  1920  over  1200  prospective 
mothers  were  supervised,  this  work  being  much  aided  by  the  work- 
ers of  the  Social-Service  Department,  which  was  established  about 
five  years  ago.  In  addition  to  the  quarters  of  the  Prenatal  Clinic 
at  4  McLean  Street,  near  the  hospital,  there  are  four  branches  in 
other  parts  of  the  city,  each  situated  in  a  section  where  the  poor 
can  find  ready  access  to  it. 

Several  years  ago  plans  had  been  drawn  and  the  funds  raised  for 
a  new  building  for  the  Lying-in  Hospital  on  Longwood  Avenue, 
corner  of  Avenue  Louis  Pasteur  opposite  the  court  of  the  Harvard 
Medical  School.  The  high  cost  of  labor  and  building  materials 
has  delayed  construction. 

At  No.  2  Lynde  Street,  corner  of  Cambridge  Street,  is  the  recently 
restored  Harrison  Gray  Otis  House  (1795),  across  Lynde  Street 
from  the  Old  West  Church  (1806)  where  Rev.  Dr.  Cyrus  Bartol 
used  to  preach,  the  church  being  used  now  as  a  branch  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library.  The  Otis  House  is  the  headquarters  of 
the  Society  for  the  Preservation  of  New  England  Antiquities. 

Walking  on  to  Blossom  Street,  one  finds  himself  at  the  Massachu- 
setts General  Hospital,  the  main  entrance  of  which  is  on  Fruit  Street 
(continue  to  the  left  along  Blossom  Street,  taking  the  first  right). 
With  the  exception  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  it  is  the  oldest 
hospital  in  the  country.  It  owes  its  existence  to  Dr.  J.  C.  Warren 
and  to  Dr.  James  Jackson,  who  were  in  1810  soon  to  become  the 
Hersey  professors  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  and  of  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Physic,  respectively,  in  the  Harvard  Medical  School.  Drs. 
Warren  and  Jackson  together  succeeded  in  raising  the  requisite  funds 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  85 

for  the  enterprise,  and  the  hospital  was  incorporated  February  25, 
1811,  and  opened  to  patients  September  3,  1821.  During  the  first 
year  of  its  existence  it  received  substantial  aid  from  the  State,  but 
with  this  exception  it  has  been  wholly  supported  by  voluntary  con- 
tributions from  the  citizens  of  Boston  and  its  neighborhood. 

During  the  first  three  weeks  of  its  existence  only  one  patient  is 
said  to  have  applied  for  treatment,  and  at  the  end  of  the  first  year 
there  were  but  twelve  patients  in  the  wards.  It  grew  rapidly  in 
size,  however,  and  during  the  year  1920  treated  in  the  wards  6614 


MASSACHUSETTS  GENERAL  HOSPITAL^  1831 

patients.  The  number  of  new  cases  treated  in  the  Out-Patient 
Department  during  that  year  was  25,295,  with  a  total  attendance 
of  165,672.  The  number  of  beds  in  the  general  hospital  is  361. 
The  cases  treated  include  medical,  surgical,  orthopedic,  genito- 
urinary, skin,  nervous,  nose  and  throat,  and  children's  diseases. 
Patients  suffering  from  medical  or  surgical  diseases  are  received 
from  any  part  of  the  United  States  or  the  Provinces.  Chronic  and 
incurable  cases  are,  as  a  rule,  refused  admission,  and  no  contagious 
or  confinement  cases  are  admitted.  There  are  two  surgical  and 
two  medical  services;  also  there  are  orthopedic,  pediatric,  genito- 
urinary, neurological,  dermatological,  and  syphilis  services. 

Opposite  the  entrance  to  the  hospital,  on  the  corner  of  North 
Grove  Street,  is  a  fine  brick  building  erected  in  1913  as  a  nurses' 
home.  This  building  accommodates  about  100  nurses,  with  quarters 


86 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


for  the  superintendent  of  nurses  and  other  officers  of  the  train- 
ing school.  In  the  so-called  Thayer  Building,  situated  back  of 
the  hospital  on  Allen  Street,  the  rest  of  the  nurses  are  quartered. 
The  Training  School  for  Nurses  was  started  in  1873,  and  there  are 
now  nearly  300  young  women  in  training,  graduating  at  the  end  of 
a  three-year  course,  equipped  to  take  care  of  the  sick  or  to  assume 
responsible  positions  in  hospital  administration. 

Entering  the  hospital  grounds,  one  finds  himself  in  a  large  semi- 
circular courtyard.  On  the  right  is  the  new  Moseley  Memorial 
Building,  erected  in  1915,  in  memory  of  the  late  Dr.  William 
Oxnard  Moseley,  formerly  a  house  pupil,  who  was  killed  while 


MASSACHUSETTS  GENERAL  HOSPITAL 
AND  HARVAHD  MEDICAL  SCHOOL  IN  1852 

mountaineering  in  Switzerland.  The  building  contains  the  ad- 
ministrative offices,  house-officer's  and  resident  surgeon's  and  phy- 
sician's quarters,  the  record  room,  the  Treadwell  Library,  and  a 
large  general  assembly  hall.  In  the  basement  is  the  Emergency 
Ward,  wrhere  over  5000  patients  were  admitted  during  the  past 
year. 

On  the  left  of  the  courtyard  is  the  Out-Patient  Building  housing 
the  male  and  female  medical  and  surgical  departments,  together 
with  the  Skin,  Nerve,  Laryngological,  South  Medical  (syphilis), 
Dental,  Orthopedic,  Genito-Urinary,  Pediatrics,  Massage,  Tuber- 
culin, Anaphylaxis,  Infantile  Paralysis,  Diabetic,  Posture,  Nutrition, 
Vaccine,  and  Cardiac  Clinics.  In  the  basement  is  the  admitting 
office,  the  record  room,  and  the  apothecary  shop.  There  are  also 
two  large  amphitheaters  for  teaching  purposes. 

The  record  rooms,  both  "House"  and  "Out-Patient,"  should  be 
visited,  as  they  are  unique  and  models  of  their  kind.  A  visit  to  the 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  87 

Treadwell  Library  is  also  worth  while,  containing  as  it  does  not 
only  about  ten  thousand  medical  books  and  the  same  number  of 
pamphlets,  but  also  an  unusually  large  collection  of  medical  literary 
treasures,  the  acquisitions  of  over  a  hundred  years. 

The  X-ray  Department,  housed  in  quarters  which  have  long 
since  been  outgrown,  is  certainly  worth  visiting.  Over  13,000 
plates  were  taken  during  the  past  year.  When  one  considers  that 
the  late  Dr.  Walter  J.  Dodd,  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him,  started 
this  department  only  about  twenty  years  ago  in  a  little  closet  off 
the  apothecary  shop,  that  he  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  this  branch 
of  science  and  before  his  death  became  one  of  the  leading  radiog- 
raphers in  this  country,  one  feels  like  pausing  for  a  moment  to 
marvel  at  the  strides  which  have  been  taken  in  so  short  a  time. 
What  a  pity  that  as  a  result  of  not  protecting  himself  from  the 
effects  of  a  medium  then  little  understood,  this  martyr  to  science 
developed  cancer  from  which  he  eventually  died! 

Continuing  now  through  the  long,  winding  corridor,  one  arrives 
at  the  original  hospital  building  designed  by  Charles  Bulfinch,  the 
architect  of  the  present  State  House,  and  built  of  Chelmsford  granite. 
When  finished,  in  1821,  it  was  considered  the  finest  edifice  in  New 
England.  In  1846  two  new  wings  were  added,  the  whole,  with  its 
beautiful  columns  and  classic  proportions  making  a  building  of 
surpassing  beauty.  In  the  little  amphitheater  under  the  dome  an 
historic  event  took  place,  and  the  visitor  is  urged  to  climb  the  three 
flights  of  stairs  in  order  that  he  may  see  the  birthplace  of  Surgical 
Anesthesia.  The  construction  and  isolation  of  this  room  was 
planned,  so  it  is  said,  to  prevent,  so  far  as  possible,  the  cries  of 
those  undergoing  operations  in  pre-anesthesia  days  from  being 
heard  by  other  patients.  The  room  is  much  the  same  as  it  was  on 
the  day  which  made  it  famous  (October  16,  1846),  and  is  still  used 
for  clinical  lectures  to  students  and  nurses.  In  the  two  glass  cases 
are  preserved  the  sponges  and  apparatus  first  used  in  giving  ether, 
together  with  the  countless  surgical  instruments  of  antique  design, 
used  by  the  early  surgeons  of  the  hospital.  Over  these  cases  hangs 
a  fine  oil  painting  of  the  late  Dr.  John  C.  Warren  who  performed 
the  first  operation  in  which  ether  was  used. 

The  history  of  Surgical  Anesthesia  is  most  interesting.  Previous 
to  1846  ether  was  regarded  rather  as  a  chemical  curiosity,  although 
for  many  years  it  had  been  known  that  ether,  when  inhaled,  pro- 
duced insensibility,  and  many  are  the  amusing  experiences  and  in- 
teresting experiments  recounted;  but  to  Dr.  W.  T.  G.  Morton,  a 
prominent  Boston  dentist,  its  introduction  to  the  world  as  a  cer- 
tain and  safe  anesthetic  is  undoubtedly  due.  No  words  can  express 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  89 

the  value  to  mankind  of  this  discovery.  The  story  of  ether  is, 
briefly,  as  follows : 1 

After  innumerable  experiments  and  disheartening  failures,  Dr. 
Morton  became  convinced  that  proper  publicity  for  the  new  dis- 
covery could  be  attained  only  through  the  agency  of  some  leading  sur- 
geon, by  the  performance  of  an  impressive  operation  in  the  presence 
of  numerous  spectators.  The  Massachusetts  General  Hospital, 
the  sole  hospital  in  Boston  at  that  time,  naturally  suggested  itself 
as  a  desirable  place  for  such  an  exhibition.  Accordingly,  Dr.  Morton 
called  upon  Dr.  John  C.  Warren,  one  of  the  surgeons  of  the  hospital, 
and  told  him  that  he  had  discovered  something  which  would  pre- 
vent pain  during  a  surgical  operation.  He  did  not  say  what  it  was, 
but  begged  for  an  opportunity  to  employ  it  in  some  case  in  which 
Dr.  Warren  might  be  the  operator.  Dr.  Warren,  having  had  a 
general  acquaintance  with  Dr.  Morton  for  a  year  or  two  before  this 
time,  listened  to  this  communication  as  one  of  importance  and 
magnitude,  and  promised,  although  at  the  moment  unable  to  com- 
ply with  the  request,  to  do  so  on  the  first  occasion  which  offered. 
The  hospital  at  this  time  was  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  in- 
cluded in  its  staff  many  noted  physicians.  The  medical  staff  con- 
sisted of  Jacob  Bigelow,  Enoch  Hale*,  John  B.  S.  Jackson,  Henry  I. 
Bowditch,  John  D.  Fisher,  and  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  The  sur- 
gical staff  was  made  up  of  John  C.  Warren,  George  Hayward, 
Solomon  D.  Townsend,  Henry  J.  Bigelow,  J.  Mason  Warren,  and 
Samuel  Parkman. 

On  the  morning  of  October  13,  1846,  a  young  man  named  Gilbert 
Abbott,  twenty  years  old,  was  brought  into  the  operating  theater 
of  the  hospital  to  undergo  an  operation  for  the  removal  of  a  con- 
genital, but  superficial,  vascular  tumor,  just  below  the  jaw  on  the 
side  of  the  neck.  Arrangements  for  its  performance  having  been 
completed,  Dr.  J.  C.  Warren  was  about  to  begin,  when  he  paused 
and  said:  "I  now  recollect  that  I  promised  Dr.  Morton  to  give  him 
the  earliest  opportunity  of  trying  a  mode  for  preventing  pain  in 
surgical  operations;  and  if  the  patient  consents,  I  shall  defer  this 
operation  to  another  day,  and  invite  Dr.  Morton  to  administer  his 
preparation."  The  patient  naturally  approved  of  this  proposal. 
The  operation  was  postponed  to  the  following  Friday,  October  16. 
At  the  hospital  on  this  Friday  morning  Dr.  Warren,  having  waited 
ten  or  fifteen  minutes,  turned  to  those  present  and  said:  "As  Dr. 
Morton  has  not  yet  arrived,  I  presume  he  is  otherwise  engaged"  • 

1  For  this  history  of  the  introduction  of  ether  the  writer  has  made  extensive  use 
of  Dr.  R.  M,  Hodges's  "A  Narrative  of  Events  connected  with  the  Introduction 
of  Surgical  Anaesthesia."  Boston,  1891. 


90  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

apparently  conveying  the  idea  that  Morton  did  not  intend  to  appear. 
This  remark  created  a  laugh.  Dr.  Warren  then  sat  down  by  his 
patient.  Just  as  he  raised  his  knife  to  begin,  Dr.  Morton  entered 
with  his  inhaler,  an  apparatus  on  which  he  had  spent  no  end  of 
labor  and  ingenuity.  Having  completed  his  preparations,  Morton 
proceeded  to  administer  his  compound.  "Are  you  afraid?"  he 
said  to  the  patient.  "No,"  replied  the  young  man,  "I  feel  confident, 
and  will  do  precisely  as  you  tell  me."  The  spectators  (see  the  cut 
on  page  88,  which  gives  a  good  view  of  the  persons  present, 
and  of  the  little  amphitheater  as  it  was  on  that  day)  looked  on 
incredulously,  especially  as  the  patient  at  first  became  exhilarated, 
but  suddenly,  when  his  unconsciousness  was  evident,  there  was  a 
start  of  surprise.  Dr.  Morton  then  calmly  informed  Dr.  Warren 
that  his  patient  was  ready.  As  the  operation  progressed,  the  utmost 
silence  prevailed.  Every  eye  was  fixed  upon  the  novel  scene  in 
eager  expectancy  and  amazement.  During  the  later  part  of  the 
operation,  the  patient  was  sufficiently  conscious  "to  move  his 
limbs  and  to  utter  extraordinary  expressions,  and  these  movements 
seemed  to  indicate  the  existence  of  pain,  but  after  he  had  recovered 
his  faculties  he  said  he  had  experienced  none,  but  only  a  sensation 
like  that  of  scraping  the  part  with  a  blunt  instrument."  This  some- 
what imperfect  insensibility  arose  from  the  fact  that  as  the  opera- 
tion had  taken  longer  than  was  anticipated,  Morton  had  several 
times  removed  the  inhaler  from  the  young  man's  mouth.  While 
the  patient  was  still  lying  on  the  table,  Dr.  Warren  turned  to  the 
audience  and  said  slowly  and  emphatically,  "Gentlemen,  this  is 
no  humbug."  He  then  remarked  that  a  satisfactory  test  of  the 
preparation  could  be  made  only  by  repeated  trials,  and  ended  by 
asking  Dr.  Morton  to  come  to  the  hospital  and  administer  it  again 
on  the  following  day.  This  first  operation  occupied  about  five 
minutes.  It  was  certainly  incomplete  as  a  demonstration;  there 
were  manifest  signs  of  consciousness  during  the  dissection,  which 
was  not,  perhaps,  of  the  most  painful  description.  A  powerful  drug, 
or  even  the  imagination,  as  it  was  said,  might  have  been  an  ade- 
quate agency  in  producing  the  phenomena  observed.  Dr.  J.  C. 
Warren  himself  said  it  should  be  placed  in  the  class  of  cases  of 
imperfect  etherization.  The  impression  made  upon  the  observ- 
ers wras,  nevertheless,  profound  enough  for  Dr.  Henry  J.  Bigelow 
to  say  to  a  physician  whom  he  met  as  he  left  the  hospital,  "I  have 
seen  something  to-day  which  will  go  around  the  world."  He  lived 
to  see  this  remark  prove  true. 

The  discretion  and  moral  courage  which  were  instrumental  in 


=  a 

-    X 


D    S 

X 

u 


92  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

permitting  the  introduction  of  a  disguised  and  only  partially  known 
anodyne  into  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  should  not  be 
forgotten  or  passed  by  without  mention.  Even  those  who  looked 
with  no  friendly  eye  on  the  attitude  of  Boston  in  this  matter  can- 
didly asserted  that  to  the  surgeons  of  this  hospital  the  world  owes 
the  immediate  adoption  of  the  anesthesia  of  surgery. 

On  his  way  downstairs  from  the  amphitheater  the  visitor  will  be 
repaid  by  glancing  at  one  or  two  of  the  medical  or  surgical  wards, 
whose  architecture,  doors,  and  fittings  are  about  as  they  were  in  the 
old  days  of  1846. 

Continuing  now  to  the  left  along  the  tortuous  corridor,  one 
comes  to  a  series  of  small  rooms  in  which  the  medical  research 
laboratories  are  situated.  The  activities  are  many  and  varied  and 

1     will  be  demonstrated  with 

pleasure  to  those  interested. 

Retracing     one's     steps 

^*£Z?  along  the  corridor  and  be- 

fore entering  the  large  tiled 
hallway,  the  visitor  may 
find  it  worth  while  to  stop 
for  a  moment  in  the  rooms 
of  the  Social-Service  De- 
partment, now  in  charge  of 
Miss  Ida  M.  Cannon.  This 

MOSELEY    MEMORIAL    BUILDING  ,       •  •  »      .  i 

MASSACHUSETTS  GENERAL  HOSPITAL         department,  of  which  the 

birthplace  is  in  this  hos- 
pital, was  conceived  by  Dr.  R.  C.  Cabot,  growing  from  a  small 
and  apparently  insignificant  beginning  to  its  present  status.  So 
important  a  bridge  between  hospital  and  home  has  this  work 
proved  to  be  that  it  has  been  taken  over  completely  by  the  hos- 
pital trustees.  This  work  has  now  shown  itself  to  be  so  indispen- 
sable that  practically  all  large  and  many  small  institutions  have 
established  such  a  department. 

Entering  now  upon  the  large  hallway,  one  turns  sharply  to  the 
right,  crosses  the  driveway,  and  enters  the  Pathological  Laboratory. 
The  latter  is  large  and  sunny,  and  complete  in  all  its  details.  Its 
director,  Dr.  James  H.  Wright,  or  the  assistant  pathologist,  Dr. 
Oscar  Richardson,  will  show  to  visiting  physicians  the  different 
rooms  of  the  pathological  laboratory,  the  animal  room,  the  chemical 
laboratory,  the  morgue,  and  the  autopsy  room.  The  laboratories 
were  established  in  1896,  while  the  morgue  and  autopsy  rooms  — 
together  known  as  "The  Allen  Street  House"  —  date  from  1875. 

In  the  same  building  is  the  engine  and  dynamo  room,  from  which 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


93 


all  the  heating  and  lighting  is  furnished,  not  only  to  the  hospital, 
but  also  to  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. 

Leaving  the  laboratory  building  and  returning  to  the  tiled  hall- 
way, the  visitor,  if  he  desires,  may  inspect  the  so-called  Domestic 
Building,  the  doors  of  which  open  on  the  right.  Herein  are  con- 
tained the  storerooms  for  hospital  provisions  and  supplies  of  all 
sorts;  the  house  officers',  nurses',  orderlies',  and  servants'  dining- 
rooms,  and  the  kitchens  and  sleeping  quarters  for  the  maids. 

One  now  should  go  down  the  corridor  to  the  surgical  amphi- 
theater, opened  in  1901.  To  the  right  as  one  enters,  one  sees  the 
Laboratory  of  Surgical  Pa- 
thology, and  opposite,  two 
rooms  used  by  the  house 
officers  and  nurses,  respec- 
tively, in  preparing  them- 
selves for  operations.  Be- 
yond these  are  four  smaller 
rooms,  three  being  the 
etherizing  rooms,  one  for 
each  surgical  service,  and 
one  being  a  dark  room  for 
cystoscopy  and  the  like. 
Beyond  these  there  runs  a 
wide  marble  corridor,  out 
of  which  opens  the  large 
main  amphitheater  con- 
taining a  fine  bronze  bust 
of  the  late  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Bigelow,  the  hospital's 
deity.  Dr.  Bigelow's  name 
is  familiar  to  the  profession  throughout  the  world  for  his  devel- 
opment of  the  art  of  litholapaxy  and  of  the  instruments  for  its 
performance,  for  his  anatomical  studies  of  the  hip  joint,  and  for 
perfecting  the  method  of  reduction  by  manipulation  of  dislocations 
of  the  hip.  From  this  corridor  open  also  the  surgeons'  consulting 
and  dressing  rooms,  the  separate  operating  rooms  of  the  surgical 
services,  and  another  larger  room  for  septic  cases,  and  an  instru- 
ment and  sterilizing  room.  On  Saturdays  the  large  amphitheater 
is  open  to  the  public,  and  all  operating  is  done  there.  On  other 
days  operations  are  performed  and  may  be  witnessed  in  the  small 
operating  rooms.  After  leaving  the  Surgical  Building,  the  visitor 
may  care  to  continue  along  the  corridor  to  see  the  different  surgical 
wards,  built  mostly  in  the  seventies. 


PHILLIPS   HOUSE 
MASSACHUSETTS   GENERAL   HOSPITAL 


94  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

The  new  private  ward  of  the  hospital,  Phillips  House,  may  be 
readily  visited  from  the  position  in  which  the  visitor  now  finds  him- 
self. This  building  was  erected  in  1917  and  named  for  William 
Phillips,  who  was  the  first  president  of  the  hospital  corporation, 
and  a  lieutenant  governor  of  Massachusetts  from  1812  to  1823.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  complete  structures  of  the  kind  in  the  country 
and  accommodates  1 10  private  patients.  Designed  with  a  view  to 
concentrate  effort,  it  brings  to  the  patients  all  the  facilities  of  a 
large,  well-equipped  hospital. 

Before  leaving  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  it  is  proper 
to  describe  the  McLean  Hospital  at  Waverley  that  is  under  the 
same  management. 

The  McLean  Hospital,  known  until  1892  as  the  "McLean  Asylum 
for  the  Insane,"  was  opened  to  patients  in  October,  1818,  and  received 
its  name  from  John  McLean,  who  bequeathed  $100,000  to  the  insti- 
tution. Its  charter  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  Massachusetts  General 
Hospital,  and  it  is  under  the  control  of  the  same  board  of  trustees. 
The  annual  reports  of  the  two  institutions  are  also  published  to- 
gether. From  its  foundation  in  1818  to  1895  the  McLean  Hospital 
was  situated  in  the  neighboring  town  of  Somerville,  in  imposing 
buildings  designed,  like  those  of  the  General  Hospital,  by  Charles 
Bulfinch.  In  1875  a  large  tract  of  land  situated  on  a  hill  in  Waverley, 
in  the  township  of  Belmont,  was  purchased  for  the  use  of  the  hos- 
pital. The  situation  is  one  of  great  beauty.  The  estate  has  been 
added  to  until  now  it  contains  317  acres.  In  1895  the  hospital  was 
moved  here  from  Somerville,  and  comprised  eighteen  fine  buildings. 
Now  there  are  five  buildings  for  men  and  seven  for  women,  besides 
administration  and  service  buildings;  a  total  of  32.  The  effect  of 
individual  residences  is  gained  by  choosing  sites  for  these  houses  at 
different  levels  and  by  adopting  for  each  of  them  a  different  style 
of  architecture.  There  are  accommodations  for  220  patients.  All 
kinds  of  mental  diseases  are  treated.  In  1882  a  training  school  for 
nurses  was  organized;  this  is  open  to  men  and  women,  who  receive 
training  in  general  nursing  with  special  reference  to  the  care  of  mental 
disease.  The  hospital  is  reached  by  trolley  to  Waverley  from  Park 
Street,  or  by  Boston  &  Maine  train  to  Waverley  station. 

As  one  leaves  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  by  way  of  the 
new. Out-Patient  Department,  he  finds  himself  on  Fruit  Street,  at  the 
head  of  North  Grove  Street,  at  the  point  at  which  he  entered  the 
hospital.  In  passing  it  may  be  said  that  the  courtyard,  already 
described,  was  the  site,  until  recently,  of  the  old  brick  building 
formerly  used  by  the  Harvard  Medical  School,  later  by  the  Harvard 
Dental  School.  The  two  latter  institutions  are  now  housed  in 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


95 


splendid  new  quarters  described  elsewhere  in  this  book.  A  glance 
at  the  photograph  on  page  86  will  be  of  interest,  as  it  shows  the 
relation  of  this  old  building  to  the  original  hospital  building  and  also 
shows  the  proximity  in  those  days  of  the  Charles  River,  a  tidal 
stream,  and  its  marshy  banks. 

Those  who  are  interested  may  now  go  down  North  Grove  Street 
a  few  steps  and  inspect  the  Northern  Mortuary,  built  in  1903.  It  is 
here  that  the  medical  examiner  for  the  northern  district  of  Suffolk 
County,  Dr.  George  Burgess  Magrath,  conducts  his  examinations 
in  medico-legal  cases. 

Returning  from  the  Mortuary  to  Fruit  Street,  and  turning  to  the 
left,  one  comes  beyond  the  Out-Patient  Department  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts General  Hospital  to  the  building  of  the  Massachusetts 
Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  No.  233  Charles  Street.  This 
institution  owes  its 
origin ,  to  Dr.  Ed- 
ward Reynolds  and 
Dr.  John  Jeffries, 
who,  in  November, 
1824,  opened  a 
small  dispensary 
in  another  part  of 
the  town,  for  gra- 
tuitous treatment 
of  the  poor  afflicted 
with  diseases  of  the 
eye.  Two  years 
later  the  success  of 
the  effort  was  so 
great  that  the  dis- 
pensary was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  under  its  present  title. 
After  two  temporary  headquarters,  it  removed,  in  1850,  to  a  build- 
ing at  the  corner  of  Charles  Street  and  Cambridge  Street,  torn  down 
some  years  ago.  In  1899  the  infirmary,  having  outgrown  its  old 
quarters,  moved  to  its  present  building.  The  infirmary  receives 
poor  patients  with  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear;  those  living  in 
Massachusetts  being  admitted  free  unless  able  to  pay  their  board. 
Those  coming  from  other  states  are  charged  for  their  board.  There 
are  accommodations  for  216  patients. 

In  the  fiscal  year  October  1,  1919,  to  September  3,  1920,  5856 
patients  were  treated  in  the  wards.  In  the  Out-Patient  Department 
during  that  time  38,355  ophthalmic  patients  and  30,760  aural 
patients  were  treated,  the  figures  representing  the  number  of  visits. 


EYE  AND  EAR  INFIRMARY 


96  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

In  addition  to  the  regular  wards,  there  is  the  Gardner  Building, 
used  solely  for  the  treatment  -of  contagious  diseases  of  the  eye.  An 
excellent  post-graduate  training  school,  for  nurses  who  are  gradu- 
ates of  any  general  hospital  training  school,  is  maintained.  The 
course  is  four  months,  and  includes  thorough  instruction  in  the  care 
of  ophthalmic  and  aural  cases. 

Opposite  the  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  is  the  Charlesbank,  a  part 
of  Boston's  park  system,  ten  acres  in  extent.  It  is  an  attractive 
bit  of  ground,  designed  for  the  poor  of  the  neighborhood,  and  con- 
tains a  gymnasium,  playgrounds,  and  sand  gardens.  Turning  to  the 
right,  and  walking  along  Charles  Street  to  the  north,  past  the  Charles- 
bank,  one  soon  comes  to  Leverett  Street.  Here  stood  the  old  Craigie 
Bridge  immortalized  in  Longfellow's  poem  "The  Bridge."  It  led 
to  East  Cambridge.  On  this  site  the  Charles  River  Basin  Commis- 
sion constructed  in  1907  a  shut-off  dam  which  converts  the  river 
above  this  point  into  a  fresh-water  lake  with  a  permanent  level. 
The  viaduct  over  the  dam  carries  the  elevated  railway  to  East 
Cambridge.  Locks  are  on  the  Boston  side,  so  that  the  river  may  be 
used  for  commerce.  This  improvement  necessitated  carrying  all  the 
sewers  which  emptied  into  the  Charles  above  Craigie  Bridge  into 
the  intercepting  sewers,  the  total  expense  of  the  project  being  very 
great  but  justified  by  the  beautiful  parks  that  border  the  river  and 
replace  unsightly  dumps. 

On  the  corner  opposite  the  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  stands  the 
County  Jail,  generally  known  as  the  Charles  Street  Jail. 

Walking  now  along  Charles  Street  to  the  south,  one  comes  to 
Cambridge  Street.  At  its  junction  begins  the  Cambridge  Bridge, 
replacing  the  old  West  Boston  Bridge.  It  is  constructed  of  steel 
arches,  joining  massive  granite  piers,  and  is  by  far  the  most  beau- 
tiful of  the  bridges  which  cross  the  Charles  River.  It  is  105  feet 
wide,  and  carries  the  elevated  and  surface  tracks,  besides  roadways 
and  sidewalks.  It  is  high  epough  above  the  water  to  permit  the 
passage  of  barges  and  tugs  without  a  draw. 

On  the  southwesterly  corner  of  Charles  and  Cambridge  Streets  stands 
the  new  Nurses'  Home  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary,  on  the  land  once  occupied  by  the  old  Infirmary 
Building.  On  Charles  Street,  No.  164,  once  stood  the  house  which 
was  occupied  by  Oliver  WTendell  Holmes  from  1859  to  1871.  It  was 
here  that  he  wrote  his  "Professor  at  the  Breakfast  Table,"  "Elsie 
Venner,"  "The  Guardian  Angel,"  and  a  number  of  his  best  poems. 
In  later  years  he  lived  at  No.  296  Beacon  Street. 

No.  148  is  of  unusual  interest.  It  was  the  home  of  James  T. 
Fields,  the  publisher,  who  lived  there  until  his  death  in  1881.  It 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


97 


was  subsequently  occupied  by  his  widow  and  Sarah  Orne  Jewett. 
The  house  once  opened  its  doors  to  Thackeray  and  Dickens,  and 
their  famous  contemporaries.  The  library  was  one  of  the  richest 
in  this  country  in  original  manuscripts  (including  that  of  "The 
Scarlet  Letter")  and  first  editions.  Rare  portraits,  engravings,  and 
autograph  letters  adorned  its  walls. 

No.  131  Charles  Street  deserves  a  word  of  comment,  as  from  1871 
to  1881  it  was  the  home  of  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich,  and  in  these 
years  he  wrote  many  of  his  best  books,  and  began  his  editorship  of 
the  Atlantic  Monthly. 

Walking  along  Charles  Street,  one  comes  now,  successively,  to 
Revere,  Pinckney,  Mt.  Vernon,  and  Chestnut  Streets,  which  cross 
Charles  Street  and  lead  up  to  Beacon  Hill  on  the  one  hand,  and  to 
the  Charles  River  on  the  other  hand. 

Revere  and  Pinckney  Streets,  once  fashionable  in  their  day,  are 
now  mostly  taken 
up  with  boarding- 
houses.  It  is 
worth  one's  while 
to  wander  up  and 
down  Mt.  Vernon 
Street,  as  it  re- 
tains, even  to-day, 
much  of  the  old- 
fashioned  stateli- 
ness  for  which  it 
was  once  famous. 
Here  one  may  see 
many  fine  old  resi-  LOUISBURG  SQUARE 

dences,  erected  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  of  sumptuous 
design  and  eloquent  of  refined  luxury. 

Near  Charles  Street  one  comes  to  Louisburg  Square,  connecting 
Mount  Vernon  Street  with  Pinckney  Street.  This  Square  recalls  in 
many  ways  a  bit  of  old  London,  and  is  supposedly  the  site  of  Black- 
stone's  Spring.  The  latter  point  is  in  dispute,  however,  for  there 
were  many  springs  in  this  locality;  but  it  is  interesting  to  know  that 
Boston's  first  settler,  William  Blackstone,  had  his  orchard  in  this 
region,  and  that  his  homestead  was  not  far  off  on  the  slope  of  the 
hill  which  faces  Boston  Common.  The  Square  is  surrounded  by 
fine,  dignified  houses,  of  which  No.  10  is  noteworthy  as  having  been 
the  home  of  Louisa  M.  Alcott. 

At  the  upper  corner  of  Pinckney  Street  and  Louisburg  Square  is 
the  "  mother  house  "  and  chapel  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Margaret 


I 
98  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

(Protestant  Episcopal),  who  formerly  conducted  two  private  hos- 
pitals in  Louisburg  Square.  In  one  of  them,  No.  13,  Dr.  John 
Homans  did  much  of  his  pioneer  work  in  ovariotomy.  Under  the 
Sisters'  auspices  there  is  maintained  St.  Monica's  Home,  for  the 
care  of  sick  colored  women  at  125  Highland  Street,  Roxbury.  The 
Sisters  of  St.  Margaret  also  have  supervision  of  the  nursing  at  the 
Children's  Hospital  on  Longwood  Avenue. 

If  one  ascends  Mt.  Vernon  Street  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  he  comes 
to  the  arch  under  the  State  House  from  which  he  started,  but  before 
this  is  reached,  the  visitor  passes  Walnut  Street,  and  is  urged  to  go 
through  this  to  Chestnut  Street  for  the  sake  of  seeing  a  quiet  bit  of 
old  Boston.  Chestnut  Street,  down  which  one  now  descends,  retains 
—  perhaps  more  than  any  other  street  in  this  section  —  its  old 
prestige.  Flanked  on  either  side  by  handsome  old  houses,  many  of 
them  former  homes  of  famous  men,  it  offers  a  pleasing  contrast  to 
those  portions  of  this  section  seen  in  the  first  part  of  our  ramble. 
On  Brimmer  Street,  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Vernon  Street,  is  the  Church 
of  the  Advent,  one  of  the  chief  Protestant  Episcopal  churches  of  the 
city.  On  the  corner  of  Charles  and  Mt.  Vernon  Streets  stands  the 
First  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  beautiful  of  Boston's  churches,  built  during  the  early  part  of 
the  last  century  and  still  in  practically  its  original  condition.  Owing 
to  the  recent  widening  of  Charles  Street  this  church  has  been  moved 
back  some  feet  to  a  new  location.  Its  preservation  is  a  source  of 
congratulation  to  the  city. 


THE  NORTH  END 
AND  BOSTON  HARBOR 

THE  North  End,  the  aristocratic  court  end  of  colonial  Boston, 
rich  in  historic  interest,  is  to-day  wholly  a  foreign  quarter 
of  the  city.    Very  few  buildings  of  historic  interest  remain, 
and  we  can  see  only  where  they  stood  and  try  to  imagine  what  they 
and  their  occupants  were  like.    It  is  difficult  now,  surrounded  by  a 
motley  crowd  of  jabbering  foreigners,  to  picture  the  days  of  the 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  when  this  locality  was  the 
social  center  of  the  Puritan  colony. 

Its  location  can  best  be  understood  by  a  study  of  the  map  of 
Boston  as  it  was  in  early  days  before  the  filling-in  of  the  surrounding 
waterways.  Standing  at  the  corner 
of  Hanover  and  Washington  Streets, 
we  see  the  former  street  running 
northeast  to  the  harbor  front,  the 
way  to  Chelsea,  called  "Winnisim- 
met  Ferry,"  the  latter  due  north  to 
the  water's  edge,  and  between  the 
two  a  wedge-shaped  area  which  com- 
prises most  of  the  North  End. 

Where  the  American  House  now 
stands  —  50  to  64  Hanover  Street  — 
lived  General  Joseph  Warren,  phy- 
sician, orator,  patriot,  who  fell  at 
Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1775.  Below 
Washington  Street  on  Hanover  is 
Union  Street,  and  here  are  two  his- 
toric sites.  The  Green  Dragon  Tavern,  famous  throughout  the 
early  history  of  the  colony,  was  situated  just  back  of  Union  Street 
in  an  alley.  Its  site  (now  Nos.  80-86  Union  Street)  is  marked  by 
an  effigy  of  a  green  dragon,  set  on  a  brown  stone  slab  about  half- 
way up  the  front  wall  of  an  old  building.  It  was  the  chief  meeting- 
place  of  the  early  patriots,  where  much  "treason"  was  hatched. 
Its  existence  dates  from  1680  until  about  the  twenties  of  the  nine- 
teenth century,  when  the  Green  Dragon  Lane  was  widened  to  form 
the  present  Union  Street. 

A  few  steps  up  Union  Street  was  Marshall's  Lane,  now  known 
as  Marshall  Street,  one  of  Boston's  curious  short  streets.  From 
Marshall's  Lane  there  is  another  small  street,  Creek  Lane,  now 

99 


BOSTON  STONE 


100 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


called  Creek  Square,  or  Public  Alley  102,  which  in  early  days  led 
to  the  Mill  Creek.  Here,  set  into  the  base  of  a  building,  is  a  rough 
piece  of  granite,  marked  Boston  Stone,  1737,  surmounted  by  a 
spherical  stone.  This  stone  served  as  a  direction  for  the  neighboring 
shops,  and  was  the  relic  of  a  paint  mill  brought  out  from  England 
about  1700.  On  the  corner  opposite  is  an  ancient  building,  where 
was  the  office  of  Ebenezer  Hancock,  deputy  paymaster  in  the  Con- 
tinental Army. 

From  the  left  side  of   Hanover  Street,  just  below  Blachstone,  is 
Salem  Street,  narrow  and  winding,  and  peopled  almost  entirely  by 

Russian  Jews.  It  was  the 
aristocratic  street  of  the 
early  colonial  days.  At 
the  corner  of  Stillman  Street 
was  the  site  of  the  first  Bap- 
tist meeting-house,  erected 
in  1679  on  the  border  of 
the  Mill  Pond.  The  present 
First  Baptist  Church  is 
situated  at  the  corner  of 
Commonwealth  Avenue  and 
Clarendon  Street.  The  Bap- 
tists were  a  proscribed  sect 
in  early  days  and  severely 
persecuted,  their  meeting- 
house being  closed  and  its 
windows  and  doors  nailed 
up  by  order  of  the  General 
Court.  Farther  down  Salem  Street  is  Prince  Street  (in  part  old 
Black  Horse  Lane),  which  was  the  direct  way  from  the  North  End 
to  the  Charlestown  Ferry,  where  now  is  the.  Charlestown  Bridge. 
After  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  many  of  the  British  wounded  were 
brought  to  Prince  Street  houses,  which  were  converted  into  emer- 
gency hospitals.  One  of  these  houses,  still  standing,  the  Stoddard 
House,  No.  130,  at  present  an  Italian  tenement,  is  said  to  be  the 
house  in  which  Major  Pitcairn  died  of  his  wounds.  On  the  westerly 
corner  of  Prince  and  Margaret  Streets  is  the  house  where  John 
Tileston  lived,  the  popular  master  of  the  oldest  North  End  school, 
the  predecessor  of  the  Eliot  Grammar  School  in  North  Bennet  Street. 
Farther  down  Salem  Street  is  Christ  Church  ("  Old  North  "), 
opposite  Hull  Street,  and  in  very  close  proximity  is  Copp's  Hill 
Burying  Ground.  These,  the  chief  historic  landmarks  of  the  North 
End,  are  dear  to  the  hearts  of  all  true  Americans.  The  "Old 


RELIEF  STATION 
OF  THE  BOSTON  CITY  HOSPITAL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


101 


North  Church,"  known  throughout  our  land  as  the  church  from 
whose  steeple  the  lanterns  were  displayed  as  a  signal  to  Paul  Revere 
of  the  British  movements  —  "One  if  by  land,  and  two  if  by  sea  " 
—  faces  Hull  Street.  It  is  the  oldest  church  building  in  Boston, 
having  been  erected  in  1723.  It  was  solidly  built,  its  side  walls 
being  two  and  a  half  feet  thick.  There  are  four  floors  to  the  tower, 
and  from  the  top  General  Gage 
witnessed  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill  and  the  burning  of  Charles- 
town.  There  are  eight  bells  in 
the  tower,  brought  over  from 
Gloucester,  England,  in  1744, 
and  these  ring  out  the  most  me- 
lodious chimes  in  Boston  to-day. 
The  first  spire  was  blown  down 
in  October,  1805,  but  was  rebuilt 
exactly  as  the  original  from  a 
model  by  Bulfinch.  On  the  front 
of  the  steeple  is  this  inscription, 
cut  into  brown  stone :  "  The  origi- 
nal lanterns  of  Paul  Revere  dis- 
played in  the  steeple  of  this  church, 
April  18,  1775,  warned  the 
country  of  the  march  of  the  British 
troops  to  Lexington  and  Con- 
cord." I  The  paint  was  removed 
from  the  outside  of  the  church 
in  1919,  restoring  the  red  brick 
finish  of  early  days.  The  in- 
terior of  the  church  is  but  little 
altered.  In  front  of  the  organ 
are  figures  of  the  cherubim. 
These,  and  the  brass  chandeliers, 
were  captured  from  a  French 
ship  and  presented  to  the  church 
in  1758.  The  old  prayer  books 
are  still  in  use,  and  the  silver 
communion  service  includes  sev- 
eral pieces  presented  by  King  George  II  in  1733.  The  clock  below 
the  rail  has  been  in  its  place  since  1746.  The  earliest  monument 
to  Washington,  a  bust  by  Houdon,  is  here.  Beneath  the  tower  are 
a  few  old  tombs,  in  one  of  which  the  body  of  Major  Pitcairn  was 
temporarily  laid.  This  was  the  second  Episcopal  church  in  Boston 


Soule  Art  Co.,  Photo. 

CHRIST  CHURCH 


102  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

and  is  still  occupied  by  that  sect,  its  congregations  being  made  up 
largely  of  strangers.  The  sexton,  living  in  an  adjoining  house,  shows 
visitors  over  the  church.  Fee,  twenty-five  cents. 

To  the  south  of  the  church,  at  the  corner  of  Sheaf e  Street,  was  the 
home  of  Robert  Newman,  the  sexton  of  Christ  Church,  who  hung 
the  lanterns,  and  near  by,  37  Sheafe  Street,  is  the  site  of  the  birth- 
place of  Rev.  Samuel  F.  Smith,  the  author  of  "America."  Directly 
opposite  the  church  is  Hull  Street,  named  for  John  Hull,  maker  of 
pine-tree  shillings.  This  street  was  cut  through  his  pasture  lands  in 
1701.  The  Gallop  house,  built  in  1722,  and  Gage's  staff  head- 
quarters during  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  was  torn  down  only  a 
few  years  ago.  Gallop's  Island,  in  Boston  Harbor,  wras  named  after 
the  owner  of  this  house,  and  is  the  site  of  the  present  quarantine 
station  of  Boston.  On  Salem  Street  at  the  corner  of  Charter  is  the 
Phips  House  on  the  site  of  the  house  of  Sir  William  Phips,  the  first 
Royal  Governor  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  1692,  under 
the  charter  of  William  and  Mary.  His  nephew,  Lieutenant  Gover- 
nor Spencer  Phips,  lived  here  in  1749. 

Copp's  Hill  Burying  Ground,  on  //////  Street,  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  of  the  old  cemeteries  of  the  city.  The  North  Burial 
Ground,  the  earliest  of  four  cemeteries  on  this  site,  was  established 
in  1660,  at  the  same  time  as  the  Granary  Burying  Ground.  A  visit 
here  will  well  repay  the  visitor.  The  British  soldiers  took  great 
pleasure  in  pistol  practice  in  this  burying  ground,  and  many  of  the 
gravestones  show  the  effects  of  bullets.  A  few  of  the  noted  graves 
may  be  mentioned  —  those  of  the  three  Mathers;  Edmund  Hartt, 
the  builder  of  the  frigate  "Constitution";  Major  Samuel  Shaw, 
of  Revolutionary  fame;  and  the  Hutchinsons.  The  top  of  the 
hill,  which  was  toward  the  waterside,  has  been  leveled.  It  was 
from  this  elevation  that  the  shell  was  thrown  which  set  fire  to 
Charlestown. 

Leaving  the  burying  ground  and  crossing  Salem  Street,  through 
Tileston,  we  come  to  Hanover  again  close  by  North  Square.  Al- 
though now  a  poor,  squalid  Italian  tenement  district,  the  Square 
was  once  the  central  point  of  the  North  End  in  its  most  aristocratic 
days,  when  shade  trees  and  stately  mansions  were  in  evidence.  A 
little  low  wooden  house,  19  North  Square,  is  the  only  present  reminder 
of  the  early  years.  It  is  the  house  marked  as  the  home  of  Paul 
Revere,  in  which  he  lived  from  1770  to  1800.  This  house  was  built 
soon  after  the  great  fire  of  1676,  on  the  site  of  Increase  Mather's 
house,  which  was  destroyed  in  this  conflagration.  In  the  upper 
windows  of  this  house  on  the  evening  of  the  Boston  Massacre, 
Paul  Revere  displayed  "those  awful  pictures"  which  report  says 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


103 


"struck  the  spectators  with  solemn  silence,  while  their  countenances 
were  covered  with  a  melancholy  gloom."  The  house  has  now  been 
restored  and  preserved  and  is  open  to  visitors. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  Square  is  the  site  of  the  first  Old  North 
Church,  destroyed  by  the  British  during  the  siege  of  Boston,  and 
used  by  them  for  firewood.  It  was  the  second  meeting-house  of  the 
Second  Church  in  Boston,  founded  in  1649.  The  first  edifice  was 
burned  in  the  fire  of  1676.  It  was  known  as  the  "Church  of  the 
Mathers,"  because  presided  over  successively  by  Increase,  Cotton, 
and  Samuel  —  father,  son,  and  grandson. 

Close  to  the  church,  in  Garden  Court  Street,  was  the  mansion 
of  Governor  Thomas  Hutchinson  —  a  stately  colonial  house  on 
extensive  grounds.    Close  to  the  Hutchinson  estate  was  the  Clark- 
Frankland    mansion,    well     known     . 
through   Edwin   Lasseter   Bynner's 
"Agnes  Surriage."    In  the  widening 
of  the  present  street,  about  1830, 
most  of  these  houses  were  torn  down. 
North    Square    was    used    by    the 
British  as  a  military  headquarters 
throughout  the  siege  of  Boston,  the 
officers  enjoying  the  houses  of  the 
good    Bostonians,    while    barracks 
were  erected  for  the  soldiers. 

To  return  to  Hanover  Street  again 
we  come  to  Battery  Street,  and 
through  this  to  Commercial  Street 
and  its  continuation  southward, 
Atlantic  Avenue.  Here  were  situ- 
ated shipyards,  extending  well  along 
the  water  front,  even  to  the  foot  of  Copp's  Hill.  Famous  ships 
were  launched  from  these  yards  —  the  pride  of  the  navy,  "Old 
Ironsides,"  the  frigate  "Boston,"  and  the  brig  "Argus."  Present 
Constitution  Wharf  marked  the  site  of  Hartt's  Shipbuilding  Yard, 
where  the  "Constitution"  ("Old  Ironsides")  was  built. 

Before  we  leave  this  interesting  locality,  so  fragrant  with  memo- 
ries of  the  early  days,  we  must  consider  the  Boston  Floating  Hos- 
pital. This  hospital  cares  for  sick  infants  and  young  children 
during  the  summer  months,  and  has  a  day  and  also  a  permanent 
service.  There  are  100  beds  for  continuous  day-and-night  service 
for  sick  babies  and  children  under  five  years  of  age,  and  in  addi- 
tion there  are  over  100  beds  for  sick  or  convalescent  babies  and 
small  children  as  day  patients,  when  accompanied  by  their  mothers. 


BOSTON    FLOATING    HOSPITAL 


104  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

The  work  started  in  1894  from  the  efforts  of  the  Rev.  Rufus  B. 
Tobey.  It  is  the  second  floating  hospital  in  this  country,  New 
York  having  the  first.  The  boat,  with  its  load  of  sick  infants  and 
anxious  parents,  leaves  the  pier  at  North  End  Park,  Commercial 
Street,  near  Battery  Station  of  the  Elevated,  daily  at  9  a.m.,  and 
steams  out  into  the  lower  harbor  and  bay.  The  poor,  sick,  air- 
starved  babies  feel  the  strengthening  breezes  of  the  bay,  color  re- 
turns, digestion  improves  with  appetite,  and  on  leaving  the  boat 
at  5  p.m.,  mother  and  infant  are  equipped  with  a  fresh  start  against 
the  evil  forces  of  the  city's  summer  night.  The  boat  ties  up  at 
North  End  Park  for  the  night.  Of  late  years  the  scope  of  the 
Floating  Hospital  has  been  enlarged  by  a  better  and  larger  boat, 
and  more  recently  by  the  establishment  of  an  "On  Shore"  de- 
partment at  40  Wigglesworth  Street,  near  the  Harvard  Medical 
School,  which  continues  the  good  work  during  the  winter.  The 
office  of  the  Floating  Hospital  is  at  244  Washington  Street. 

BOSTON  HARBOR 

With  the  salt  sea  breezes  in  our  nostrils,  and  a  desire  to  become 
acquainted  with  some  of  our  medical  institutions,  let  us  board  the 
good  boat  "Monitor"  at  Eastern  Avenue  Wharf  at  2  p.m.,  and  steam 
about  the  harbor.  As  we  pick  our  way  among  the  ferryboats  and 
saucy,  busily  puffing  tugs,  avoiding  here  and  there  a  mighty  levia- 
than of  the  deep,  or  many-masted  vessel  for  the  coasting  trade,  or 
trim  fishing  schooner,  smothered  under  a  cloud  of  canvas,  we  may 
see  our  city  from  the  waterside,  and  with  the  story  of  its  early  days 
fresh  in  our  minds,  marvel  at  the  wonders  wrought  by  Father  Time 
in  producing  from  the  peaceful  water-surrounded  Shawmutt  the 
present  great  metropolis  of  New  England,  our  Boston.  The  harbor 
has  six  miles  of  docking  space  with  a  water  depth  of  thirty  feet  at 
low  tide.  In  passing  down  the  harbor  by  the  main  ship  channel  note 
on  the  right  the  new  dry  dock  and  quartermaster's  stores  at  City 
Point,  first  giving  a  glance  at  the  Boston  Fish  Pier  and  the  Com- 
monwealth Docks.  Off  the  tip  of  tity  Point  is  old  Fort  Inde- 
pendence, now  a  part  of  Marine  Park.  Across  the  harbor  on  the 
left  are  the  East  Boston  docks  and  farther  down,  disused  Fort  Win- 
throp  on  Governor's  Island,  and  Apple  Island  where  many  hulks 
were  burned  for  their  iron.  Looking  back  at  the  city  one  of  the 
most  imposing  structures  to  strike  the  eye  is  the  stately  tower  of 
Boston's  new  Custom  House,  which  with  its  clocks  by  day  and  its 
lights  by  night  serves  as  a  convenient  landmark  both  to  those  on 
shore  and  those  coming  in  from  the  sea. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  105 

Our  first  stopping-place  is  Deer  Island,  where  is  situated  the 
House  of  Correction,  now  fallen  into  partial  disuse  since  the  advent 
of  prohibition.  Here  the  prisoners  have  a  Mutual  Welfare  League 
along  the  lines  laid  down  by  Thomas  Mott  Osborne,  previously  in 
charge  of  the  Naval  Prison  at  Portsmouth  Navy  Yard,  Auburn 
Prison,  and  at  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.  The  prisoners  themselves  take 
charge  of  offenses  against  prison  rules.  It  is  said  to  be  operating 
successfully.  The  adjoining  hospital  of  100  beds  is  closed  at  present, 
the  patients  being  sent  to  the  Long  Island  Hospital.  Farther  down 
the  harbor,  between  Fort  Warren  on  George's  Island  and  the  head 
of  Long  Island,  is  the  Quarantine  Hospital,  on  Gallop's  Island,  since 
1915  in  charge  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service.  Next 
to  it  is  Lovell's  Island  where  Fort  Standish  and  a  buoy  station  aje 
situated,  and  off  it  is  Bug  Light,  of  many  legs,  helping  to  mark  the 
main  ship  channel.  The  Port  Physician  has  his  headquarters  on 
Gallop's  Island,  and  the  buildings  scattered  over  the  island  are 
for  those  afflicted  with  contagious  diseases  found  aboard  vessels 
entering  the  harbor.  There  are  675  beds  altogether.  Those  who 
have  followed  the  sea  will  note  Nix's  Mate  beacon  off  Long  Island 
Head,  Deer  Island  Light,  projecting  from  the  water  near  the 
channel,  Boston  Light  on  Little  Brewster  Island,  and  to  the  east 
the  Graves  Light  on  a  ledge  marking  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  by 
the  Broad  Sound  Channel. 

Returning  toward  the  city  by  the  southerly  side  of  the  harbor,  we 
come  to  Long  Island,  with  its  hospital  and  almshouse  under  the 
management  of  the  Commissioner  of  Institutions.  The  hospital 
supports  450  beds,  caring  mostly  for  chronic  and  incurable  diseases. 
An  important  service  to  the  community  as  well  as  to  the  patients  is 
rendered  by  the  efficient  care  of  cases  of  tuberculosis,  incipient  and 
advanced.  Fort  Strong  is  on  this  island,  as  well  as  a  lighthouse  on 
Long  Island  Head,  ten  acres  of  the  island  belonging  to  the  United 
States  Government. 

On  Rainsford  Island  was  the  Suffolk  School  for  Boys,  formerly 
called  House  of  Reformation,  until  it  was  closed  by  the  City  in 
1920.  There  was  a  small  hospital  there  for  the  sick  boys  of  the 
settlement.  There  is  a  Farm  and  Trades  School  on  Thompson's 
Island  which  is  the  large  island  nearest  to  City  Point.  This  is  a 
private  charity  where  boys  taken  from  the  streets  are  taught  oc- 
cupations and  carry  on  a  model  community. 

All  these  institutions  have  resident  physicians  or  house  officers, 
and  in  addition  a  visiting  staff  made  up  from  among  the  leading 
physicians  of  Boston. 

If  time  serves,  the  captain  of  our  steamer  may  land  us  at  Moon 


106  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Island  in  Dorchester  Bay,  where  are  situated  the  storage  basins 
and  the  outfall  of  the  great  southern  intercepting  sewer  of  the 
Metropolitan  Sewerage  System.  This  sewer  drains  the  valleys  of 
the  Charles  and  Neponset  rivers;  the  northern  sewer,  serving  the 
towns  of  the  Mystic  valley,  discharges  at  Deer  Island.  The  southern 
sewer  was  begun  in  1876,  and  has  a  finely  appointed  pumping  sta- 
tion, at  Cow  Pasture  Point  in  Dorchester,  that  will  well  repay  a 
visit. 

Once  more  we  board  the  "Monitor,"  and  arrive  at  the  Eastern 
Avenue  Wharf  at  5.20  p.m.,  just  as  the  sun  is  bathing  in  golden  light 
the  western  half  of  the  Gilded  Dome. 

If  one  takes  a  steamer  for  Nantasket  from  Rowe's  Wharf,  he 
passes  the  islands  mentioned,  and  just  beyond  Thompson's  Island 
he  will  note  Spectacle  Island,  so  named  from  its  shape.  Here  is 
a  large  rendering  establishment,  the  last  stage  for  the  city's  dead 
horses,  occasionally  making  itself  noticeable  to  the  olfactory  senses 
of  Bostonians  when  wind  and  atmospheric  conditions  happen  to  be 
favorable. 

Peddocks  Island,  opposite  Hull,  is  the  southerly  limit  of  Hull  Gut, 
through  which  the  tides  course  swiftly  on  their  way  in  and  out  of 
Quincy  Bay.  On  the  island  is  Fort  Andrew,  while  Fort  Revere  is 
at  Point  Allerton,  marking  the  outermost  limit  of  the  harbor  across 
the  main  ship  channel  from  the  gleaming  white  tower  of  Boston 
Light  on  Little  Brewster  Island.  The  first  lighthouse  was  erected 
on  the  island  in  1716  wrhen  George  Worthylake  was  its  keeper. 
He  and  his  wife  and  daughter  were  drowned  November  3, 1718,  and 
Benjamin  Franklin  wrote  his  ballad,  "The  Lighthouse  Tragedy," 
in  consequence.  The  lighthouse,  much  injured  by  fire  in  1751  and 
on  several  occasions  during  the  Revolution,  was  totally  destroyed 
by  the  British  after  their  evacuation  of  Boston  in  1776.  A  new 
lighthouse  was  built  in  1783;  refitted  and  repaired,  it  is  the  tower 
of  to-day.  The  Light  Station  established  by  the  town  of  Boston, 
was  taken  over  by  the  United  States  Government  in  1790.  At  the 
time  of  the  destruction  of  Minot's  Ledge  lighthouse  in  1851  the 
tide  rose  so  high  that  the  two  keepers  of  the  Boston  light  had  to 
be  rescued  from  the  tower  by  one  of  the  pilot  boats. 

Anchored  off  Nantasket  Roads  where  the  "Mary  and  John" 
bringing  a  freight  of  settlers  dropped  anchor  in  1630,  is  the  Boston 
Lightship  with  a  red  hull  and  the  word  "Boston"  on  its  side  so 
that  the  voyager  may  know  he  has  arrived  off  "The  Hub." 


CHARLESTOWN  AND   CHELSEA 

CHARLESTOWN  lies   across  the   Charles  River  from  the 
North  End,  and  may  be  reached  by  the  Elevated  trains  or 
by  surface  cars.     To  the  right  of  the  Charlestown  Bridge 
which  carries  the  Elevated  trains  and  most  of  the  passenger  traffic, 
may  be  seen  the  docks  of  several  lines  of  trans-Atlantic  steamers. 
Up  to  the  year  1786  there  was  no  bridge  to  Charlestown,  only  the 
ferry  which  helped  to  support  Harvard  College  from  its  tolls.    The 
Boston  end  of  the  ferry  was  near  the  site  of  one  of  the  present  works 
of  the  Boston  Consolidated  Gas  Company. 

The  few  points  of  interest  worth  seeing  in  Charlestown  can  be 
easily  reached  by  walking  from  the 
Thompson  Square  Station  of  the 
Elevated  Railroad.  In  the  old 
burying  ground  on  Phipps  Street, 
near  by,  is  a  monument  to  John 
Harvard,  erected  by  several  of  the 
Alumni  of  the  College  in  1828. 
Tombstones  in  this  ground  were  all 
that  was  left  standing  of  Charles- 
town  when  it  was  burned  by  the 

•n    •    •   i       •        i~~~        r\         itr     •        a,  N.  L.  Stcbbins,  Photo. 

British  in   l//o.    On  Mam  street, 

nM.  o  •     j.1       i  DRY   DOCK 

near  Thompson  Square,  is  the  house         CHARLESTOWN  NAVY  YARD 
in  which  S.  F.  B.  Morse,  the  in- 
ventor of  the  electric  telegraph  was  born  in  1791.     It  is  marked  by 
a  tablet. 

Walking  back  to  City  Square,  one  finds  himself  in  the  part  which 
was  first  settled  in  1629.  On  the  west  side  of  the  Square  stood  the 
Governor's  house,  where  in  1630,  the  "Court  of  Assistants"  de- 
cided on  the  founding  and  the  name  of  the  adjacent  town  of  Boston. 

On  the  slope  of  the  hill  rising  behind  the  present  Charlestown 
branch  of  the  Public  Library,  in  early  days  called  "Town  Hill," 
was  the  lot  owned  by  John  Harvard,  and  on  it  stood  his  house  near 
where  Main  Street  now  begins.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill,  near  the 
northern  end  of  the  Square,  there  once  existed  a  cemetery,  and  here 
it  is  supposed  was  John  Harvard's  grave,  but  all  trace  of  it  has 
been  lost. 

One  now  goes  down  Water  Street  to  the  corner  of  Wapping  Street, 
where  stands  the  main  entrance  to  the  Charlestown  Navy  Yard, 
dating  from  1800,  two  years  after  the  establishment  of  the  United 
States  Navy  Department.  Visitors  are  admitted  daily  by  passes 

107 


108 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


obtained  from  the  office  of  the  Captain  of  the  Yard  (Building  39). 
It  is  better  to  make  arrangements  in  advance  by  telephone.  The 
Navy  Yard,  one  hundred  and  ten  acres  in  extent,  occupies  Moul- 
ton's  Point,  where  the  British  troops  landed  before  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill.  The  Yard  contains  many  features  of  interest  — 
among  them  the  famous  old  frigate  "  Constitution,"  a  large  rope 
walk,  still  in  active  operation,  the  old  granite  dry  dock  and  the 

newer  concrete  dry  dock  com- 
pleted August  1,  1905,  at  an 
expense  of  over  a  million  dollars, 
and  the  Marine  Museum. 

The  United  States  Naval 
Hospital  is  in  Chelsea,  just  be- 
yond the  Charlestown  Bridge. 
It  is  connected  with  the  Navy 
Yard  and  affords  care  and  med- 
ical treatment  to  sick  and  dis- 
abled men  of  the  naval  service. 
It  is  thoroughly  up  to  date  and 
progressive,  and  its  medical 
equipment  includes  every  de- 
partment of  a  first-class  modern 
hospital  except  hydrotherapy. 
Its  grounds  comprise  ninety- 
seven  acres,  situated  on  a  height 
overlooking  the  Mystic  River 
and  the  Harbor.  There  are 
fifty-eight  separate  buildings, 
housing  an  equipment  which, 
except  for  electricity,  is  com- 
plete for  a  self-contained  plant. 
There  are  800  beds.  The  prop- 
erty was  the  first  purchased  by  the  United  States  Government  for 
Naval  hospital  purposes  in  1828,  and  the  first  building  was  erected 
in  1832.  In  1861  there  was  erected  on  the  slope  of  the  hill  a  mas- 
sive main  building  of  granite,  now  used  as  the  quarters  for  nurses. 
Visitors  are  always  welcome. 

The  United  States  Marine  Hospital  (1798),  now  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  Hospital  No.  2  is  on  High  Street  in  Chelsea, 
near  the  Naval  Hospital.  It  furnishes  medical  and  surgical  relief 
to  the  sick  and  disabled  of  the  American  mercantile  marine  and  to 
ex-service  men.  It  has  150  beds  and  an  out-patient  service.  The 
interior  of  the  building  has  recently  been  extensively  remodeled 


BUNKER  HILL  MONUMENT 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  109 

and  the  equipment  placed  upon  a  thoroughly  modern  basis.  An- 
other hospital  in  Chelsea  is  the  semi-public  Rufus  S.  Frost  Hospital 
at  Bellingham  and  Highland  Streets,  established  in  1890.  It  has 
65  beds.  On  top  of  Powderhorn  Hill  is  the  large  building  of  the 
Massachusetts  Soldiers'  Home,  formerly  a  summer  hotel. 

Bunker  Hill  Monument  is  by  far  the  most  worthwhile  of  Bos- 
ton's sights.  It  is  reached  by  the  Elevated  to  Thompson  Square. 
The  monument  stands  on  Breed's  Hill,  where  the  great  battle  was 
fought.  Monument  Avenue  leads  to  the  main  entrance  of  the 
grounds. 

A  bronze  statue  of  Colonel  William  Prescott,  by  W.  W.  Story, 
1881,  attracts  immediate  attention.  It  stands  about  on  the 
site  where  the  gallant  leader  stood  at  the  opening  of  the  battle. 
There  is  also  a  marble  statue  of  Dr.  Joseph  Warren  who  fell  at  the 
battle,  by  Henry  Dexter.  It  was  erected  in  1857.  The  spot  where 
Warren  fell  is  marked  by  a  stone  in  the  ground  near  the  lodge. 
The  monument  itself  occupies  the  site  of  a  corner  of  the  American 
fortifications.  It  is  built  of  Quincy  granite  brought  from  a  quarry 
in  the  town  of  that  name  by  the  first  railroad  laid  in  this  country. 
The  monument  is  221  feet  high,  and  30  feet  square  at  the  base.  It 
was  begun  in  1825,  the  corner  stone  being  laid  with  great  ceremony 
by  Lafayette,  while  Daniel  Webster  delivered  the  oration.  After 
a  period  of  idleness  covering  nearly  twenty  years,  the  efforts  of 
public-spirited  American  women  raised  funds  with  which  the  work 
could  be  carried  on.  The  monument  was  completed  in  1842,  and  at 
its  dedication  on  June  17,  1843,  Webster  delivered  another  oration. 
A  spiral  flight  of  294  stone  steps  leads  to  the  top  of  the  structure, 
whence  from  the  observatory  a  grand  and  far-reaching  view  is  ob- 
tained. Bunker  Hill  itself  is  north  of  Breed's  Hill,  near  where  the 
Elevated  Railroad  ends,  and  its  summit  is  called  Charlestown 
Heights. 


EAST  BOSTON 


EAST  BOSTON,  across  the  harbor,  comprising  two  islands, 
Noddle's  and  Breed's,  is  a  place  of  docks  and  factories.    It 
was  once  famous  for  its  shipyards,  where  the  first  clipper 
ships  were  built.    Many  of  the  trans-Atlantic  Steamship  lines  have 
their  wharves  here. 

East  Boston  is  reached  most  conveniently  by  the  tunnel,  which 
may  be  entered  at  Scollay  Square,  and  extends  under  Court  and 
State  Streets.  Where  it  crosses  Atlantic  Avenue  there  is  a  station 
which  has  elevators  to  take  passengers  to  the  Elevated  Railway. 
^  _  Under  the  harbor  the  top 

of  the  lowest  part  of  the 
tunnel  is  60  feet  below  mean 
low-water  mark,  and  the 
tunnel  is  nearly  level.  It 
has  walls  of  concrete  and 
is  23  feet  wide  and  20^ 
feet  high,  and  carries  two 
electric  railway  tracks.  The 
total  length  of  the  tunnel, 
from  Scollay  Square  to 
Maverick  Square  in  East 
Boston,  is  7500  feet. 

In  Belmont  Square,  be- 
tween Sumner  and  Webster  Streets  is  the  site  of  the  house  of  Samuel 
Maverick,  the  earliest  settler,  and  later  the  site  of  a  fort. 

The  East  Boston  Relief  Station,  at  14  Porter  Street,  was  opened  in 
October,  1908.  It  is  a  department  of  the  Boston  City  Hospital  and 
was  established  for  the  temporary  relief  of  all  classes  of  accident 
and  disease.  It  is  open  at  all  hours.  A  resident  surgeon  and  as- 
sistant resident  surgeon  have  immediate  charge,  with  members  of 
the  Staff  of  the  Boston  City  Hospital  in  readiness  for  emergency 
calls  at  any  time.  There  are  10  beds  for  patients  requiring  ward 
treatment.  The  number  of  ward  patients  treated  during  the  year 
1920  was  383;  the  number  of  out-patients  treated  during  the 
same  period  was  10,308.  There  is  an  ambulance  sendee  which 
cooperates  with  the  ambulance  service  of  the  central  hospital  in 
the  South  End. 

The  Maverick  Dispensary  is  at  18  Chelsea  Street,  an  institution 
supported  by  private  subscriptions.  It  is  a  Health  Center,  though 
not  yet  fully  developed,  and  an  effort  is  made  to  work  rather 

110 


RELIEF   STATION   OF   BOSTON 
CITY  HOSPITAL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


111 


intensively,  especially  among  children.  A  clinic  for  under-nour- 
ished children  is  giving  some  very  satisfactory  results,  as  shown 
by  gain  in  weight  of  the  little  patients.  In  1919  there  were 
treated  475  cases  (367  children)  with  a  total  of  11,449  visits  to 
the  Dispensary. 

Wood  Island  Park  of  the  Metropolitan  Park  system,  a  tract  of 
55  acres,  is  on  the  easterly  border  of  East  Boston.  It  is  not  far 
from  Bennington  Street,  the  direct  way  from  the  South  Ferry  station 
to  Revere  Beach,  should  one  prefer  to  take  this  route  by  automo- 
bile rather  than  through  the  inland  park  system. 


N.  L.  Stebbins.  Photo. 

PRESCOTT   STATUE  —  BUNKER  HILL 


SOUTH   BOSTON 


SOUTH  BOSTON  is  a  large  residential  section  and  is  also  a 
place  of  docks  and  factories.    Take  cars  at  Park  Street  Un- 
der.   On  Dorchester  Heights,  reached  from  Dorchester  Street 
near  Broadway,  is  a  monument  commemorating  the  erection  of  the 
American  fortifications  which  forced  the  British  to  evacuate  Boston, 
March  17,  1776. 

On  the  easterly  slope  of  this  hill,  now  called  Telegraph  Hill,  on 
Broadway,  is  the  Municipal  Building,  where  stood  formerly  the 

Perkins  Institution 
for  the  Blind, 
founded  by  Dr. 
Samuel  G.  Howe  in 
1829.  Recently  the 
institution  has  been 
removed  to  beauti- 
ful grounds  in  Wa- 
tertown.  On  the 
westerly  slope  of 
Telegraph  Hill  com- 
manding an  exten- 
sive view  of  the 
harbor  and  city,  is 
the  Carney  Hospital 
onOld  Harbor  Street. 
It  was  founded 
through  the  gen- 
erosity of  Andrew 
Carney,  a  merchant 
of  Boston,  who  pre- 
sented the  land  to  the  Sisters  of  Charity  of  Saint  Vincent  de  Paul,  in 
1863.  Subsequent  benefactions  of  Mr.  Carney  and  his  relatives 
amounted  to  $75,000,  but  the  institution  is  not  endowed.  The  hospital 
supports  215  beds  with  separate  services  for  medicine,  surgery,  gyne- 
cology,  obstetrics,  ophthalmology,  oto-laryngology,  and  orthopedics. 
There  is  an  extensive  Out-Patient  Department  in  a  separate  build- 
ing, in  which  are  treated  over  15,000  patients  a  year.  It  was  in  this 
hospital  that  the  late  Dr.  John  Homans  first  demonstrated  to  the 
profession  in  New  England  the  possibility  of  operating  successfully 
upon  ovarian  tumors. 

At  the  harbor  end  of  the  district  is  Marine  Park  of  the  Boston 

112 


CARNEY  HOSPITAL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  113 

public  park  system,  a  favorite  recreation  ground  in  the  summer. 
Here  is  the  Aquarium,  a  pond,  and  a  beautiful  boulevard  on  the 
water's  edge.  'Tis  a  fine  point  from  which  to  see  the  shipping  en- 
tering and  leaving  the  harbor.  Any  City  Point  trolley  goes  there. 
A  long  bridge  connects  Fort  Independence  on  Castle  Island  (a  dis- 
used Government  fortification  ceded  to  the  city  for  park  purposes) 
with  the  boulevard,  and  from  City  Point  the  parkway  extends  along 
Columbia  Road  to  Franklin  Park  and  the  Blue  Hills  of  Milton,  which 
may  be  seen  in  the  distance,  to  the  south. 

Near  the  Aquarium,  facing  the  harbor,  is  a  statue  of  Admiral  D. 
G.  Farragut,  by  Kitson,  and  a  head  house  and  pier,  the  scene  of 
many  picnics.  Along  the  boulevard  are  several  yacht  club  houses, 
and  in  summer  the  bay  is  covered  with  small  craft.  Just  before  the 
Parkway  leaves  the  water's  edge  and  turns  inland  is  McNary  Park, 


COMMONWEALTH    PIER 

a  large  playground  made  from  Dorchester  Bay  by  dredging  and 
filling  in  the  flats.  Extending  from  this  point  into  the  bay  is  a 
neck  of  land  and  a  roadway  terminating  at  the  main  pumping 
station  of  the  southern  division  of  the  great  intercepting  sewer  of 
the  city,  and  also  one  of  the  works  of  the  Boston  Consolidated  Gas 
Company. 

At  the  foot  of  L  Street  is  a  public  bath  open  the  year  round. 
Crowded  in  the  hot  days  with  men,  boys,  women,  and  girls  enjoying 
the  pleasure  of  a  swim,  it  is  used  by  a  few  hardy  men  during  the 
coldest  days.  Photographs  exist  showing  one  foolish  man  swim- 
ming among  the  floating  ice  cakes.  There  are  no  views  of  the 
glassed-in  corner  where  a  man  suns  himself  after  a  brief  dip. 

The  South  Boston  water  front  has  always  been  important,  and 
the  Commonwealth  Docks  with  the  new  Dry  Dock  built  by  the 
State,  the  largest  on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  are  worth  inspection. 
Near  by  are  the  United  States  Army  Quartermaster's  Storage 
Buildings  erected  during  the  Great  War,  and  toward  the  city 
proper  the  large  new  Fish  Pier,  the  center  of  the  fishing  industry. 


DORCHESTER 


ALSO  HYDE  PARK,  SHARON,  NORFOLK 

K INNING  southeast  from  the  Dudley  Street  Station  of  the 
Boston  Elevated  Railway  is  the  district  known  as  Dor- 
chester.   It  is  a  place  of  homes.    The  largest  town  in  New 
England  in  1634,  it  was  annexed  to  Boston  in  1870  and  now  has  a 
population  of  150,000.    On  Dudley  Street  at  the  beginning  of  Blue 
Hill  Avenue  are  the  buildings  of  the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,  the 
site  of  the  former  home  of  Enoch  Bartlett,  famous  for  his  Bartlett 

pears.  Dorchester  may  be  readied 
also  from  the  Andrew  Square 
terminal  station  of  the  Cambridge 
tunnel,  taking  the  cars  at  Park 
Street  Under.  At  the  junction  of 
Boston  Street,  Columbia  Road,  and 
Massachusetts  Avenue,  the  long 
highway  that  stretches  through 
Cambridge  to  Lexington  and  Con- 
cord, is  a  statue  of  Edward  Ever- 
ett, by  W.  W.  Story,  that  was 
removed  from  the  Public  Garden 
when  the  name  of  Edward  Everett 
Square  was  given  to  this  meeting 
of  streets.  On  the  east  side  of 
the  Square  is  "  Ye  Olde  Blake 
House,"  built  in  1648  and  occu- 
pied by  the  Dorchester  Historical 
Society.  Here  are  colonial  and 
Civil  War  relics.  In  front  of  the 
house  is  the  Old  Dorchester  Mile 
Stone,  173  years  old.  The  house  is  open  on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays, 
and  Saturdays  from  2  to  5  p.m.  Free. 

Continuing  along  Columbia  Road  one  comes  at  Stoughton  Street 
and  Uphams  Corner,  a  sub-district  of  Dorchester,  to  the  Dorchester 
North  Burying  Ground.  This  was  established  by  the  town  in  1633. 
Here  lie  the  remains  of  Richard  Mather,  founder  of  the  Mather 
family,  William  Stoughton,  the  chief  justice  in  the  Salem  witch- 
craft trials,  and  many  of  the  early  settlers.  There  are  curious 
epitaphs.  Trolley  cars  on  Hancock  Street  bring  us  to  Meeting- 
House  Hill  wrhere  the  church,  a  replica  of  a  former  building 

114 


Dr.  M.  D.  Miller,  Photo. 

FIRST  PARISH  CHURCH 
3IEETING-HOUSE  HILL 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  115 

destroyed  by  fire,  is  a  fine  example  of  a  New  England  meeting-house 
of  the  early  nineteenth  century  and  a  successor  to  the  first  church 
on  this  site  in  1631.  There  is  a  collection  of  interesting  relics  here. 
The  church  has  had  a  distinguished  succession  of  ministers  begin- 
ning with  Richard  Mather  in  1635.  There  is  a  fine  collection  of 
communion  silver,  and  the  bell  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  country. 
The  church  is  open  every  morning,  except  Saturday,  without  fee, 
Going  up  Gushing  Avenue  beside  St.  Mary's  Episcopal  Church  at 
Uphams  Corner  one  comes  to  St.  Margaret's  Maternity  Hospital 
at  No.  96.  It  was  opened  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity  of  Saint  Vincent 
de  Paul  in  1911  and  has  a  capacity  of  40  beds,  mostly  private  rooms. 
It  is  connected  with  the  adjacent  St.  Mary's  Infant  Asylum  and 
Lying-in  Hospital,  at  No.  90,  organized  in  1872  by  the  same  Order, 
with  a  capacity  of  100  beds. 
On  Quincy  Street,  No.  428, 
near  Magnolia  Street,  is  the 
' '  Free  Home  for  Consump- 
tives in  the  City  of  Boston, 
Inc."  It  was  established  in 
1892  and  has  110  beds.  A 
Dorchester  Avenue  car  to- 
ward Milton  Lower  Mills 
reaches  the  Boston  Home 
for  Incurables  at  2049  Dor- 
chester Avenue.  This  is  a 
semi-public  institution  de-  CONVALESCENT  HOME 

voted   to  the  care  of  the  BOSTON  CITY  HOSPIT^ 

poor  who  are  afflicted  with  incurable  diseases.  It  was  founded  in 
1822  and  has  50  beds.  Not  far  beyond,  at  2150  Dorchester  Avenue, 
is  the  Convalescent  Home  of  the  Boston  City  Hospital,  with  its 
36  beds. 

On  the  side  of  Dorchester  next  to  Franklin  Park,  at  425  Harvard 
Street,  reached  by  Mattapan  trolley  cars,  or  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad  to  Forest  Hills,  is  the  Boston  State 
Hospital  of  the  Massachusetts  Department  of  Mental  Diseases.  It 
is  devoted  to  the  care  of  the  insane  having  settlement  in  Boston. 
This  large  hospital,  which  was  formerly  owned  and  managed  by 
the  City  of  Boston,  is  now  a  State  institution,  having  been  pur- 
chased by  the  State  in  1908.  At  the  time  the  hospital  passed  into 
State  care  it  had  a  capacity  for  764  patients.  It  has  been  developed 
until  at  present  about  2000  persons  are  under  supervision.  Pierce 
Farm  or  West  Group,  on  Walk  Hill  Street,  is  for  men,  and  Austin 
Farm  or  East  Group,  on  Harvard  Street  near  Blue  Hill  Avenue,  is 


116  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

for  women.  The  visitor  who  is  interested  in  psychiatry  wrould  do 
well  to  visit  this  progressive  institution. 

In  Grove  Hall,  another  sub-district  of  Dorchester,  at  560  Blue 
Hill  Avenue,  is  the  Palmer  Memorial  Hospital  of  40  beds,  for 
chronic  cases.  This  was  named  for  Mrs.  Jennie  C.  Palmer,  was 
formerly  the  Cullis  Consumptives'  Home,  and  is  now  in  charge  of 
the  New  England  Deaconess  Association. 

The  Consumptives'  Hospital  Department  of  the  City  of  Boston 
is  at  249  River  Street,  Mattapan,  another  sub-district  of  Dorchester. 
This  was  established  in  1906.  On  an  estate  of  55  acres  fronting  on 
the  Neponset  River  there  are  three  ward  buildings  accommodating 
234,  four  cottage  wards  for  127,  and  the  children's  ward  for  65. 
The  Out-Patient  Department  is  at  13  Dillaway  Street,  off  Hollis 
Street  in  the  South  End,  where  frequent  clinics  are  held,  both  day 
and  evening.  The  main  office  of  the  trustees  is  on  the  tenth  floor 
of  the  City  Hall  Annex  on  Court  Street. 

At  Hyde  Park,  still  another  district  of  the  city,  corner  of  Gordon 
Avenue  and  Hale  Street,  is  the  semi-public  charity,  the  New  England 
Peabody  Home  for  Crippled  Children,  established  in  1894.  Here  a 
home  is  provided  for  destitute  crippled  children  with  a  school  and 
manual-training  department  connected.  The  after  care  of  infantile 
paralysis  and  the  sun  treatment  of  bone  tuberculosis  are  special 
features  of  the  home.  There  are  40  beds. 

The  Sharon  Sanatorium  for  cases  of  incipient  pulmonary  diseases 
is  at  Sharon,  Massachusetts,  eighteen  miles  from  Boston,  on  the 
Providence  Division  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford 
Railroad.  Capacity,  43  beds.  It  was  first  opened  for  patients 
February  9,  1891,  and  was  founded  by  Dr.  Vincent  Y.  Bowditch 
on  the  principles  laid  down  in  Germany  by  Brehmer  at  Goerbers- 
dorf,  and  by  Dettweiler  at  Falkenstein,  and  in  America  by  Tru- 
deau  at  Saranac  Lake,  New  York.  It  was  at  first  unique  in  that  it 
lies  at  only  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  or  three  hundred  feet 
above  the  sea  level,  only  twelve  miles  from  the  seacoast,  and  in 
the  harsh,  changeable  climate  of  New  England,  which  up  to  recent 
years  has  been  considered  most  unfavorable  for  the  treatment  of 
such  cases.  It  was  the  first  institution  of  its  kind  in  New  England, 
and  is  intended  for  women  of  very  limited  means  who  are  in  the 
early  stages  of  pulmonary  disease. 

The  United  States  Public  Health  Service  Hospital  No.  34  is  at 
East  Norfolk  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rail- 
road. This  was  formerly  the  Norfolk  State  Hospital  for  Inebriates 
and  Drug  Habitues.  The  grounds  and  buildings  are  new.  There 
are  200  beds,  many  of  them  occupied  by  epileptics. 


ROXBURY 

THE  Roxbury  District,  full  of  interest  historically,  is  now,  as 
in  earlier  years,  a  place  of  residences.    In  1630  settlers  who 
came  over  with  Winthrop   took   up   their  abode   here,  es- 
tablishing themselves  near  the  present  Eliot  Square.    It  was  called 
Rocksbury  or  Rocksborough,  from  the  great  ledge  of  rocks  running 
through  it,  the  so-called  Roxbury  pudding-stone.    One  recalls  the 
legend  of  the  giant,  familiar  to  a  former  generation  of  Boston 
children,  through  Dr.  Holmes's  poem : 

He  brought  them  a  pudding  stuffed  with  plums, 

As  big  as  the  State  House  dome; 
Quoth  he,  "  There's  something  for  you  to  eat, 
So  stop  your  mouths  with  your  'lection  treat, 

And  wait  till  your  dad  comes  home." 

What  are  those  lone  ones  doing  now, 

The  wife  and  the  children  sad  f 
0,  they  are  in  a  terrible  rout, 
Screaming  and  throwing  their  pudding  about, 

Acting  as  they  were  mad. 

They  flung  it  over  to  Roxbury  hills, 

They  flung  it  over  the  plain, 
And  all  over  Milton  and  Dorchester,  too, 
Great  lumps  of  pudding  the  giants  threw, 

They  tumbled  as  thick  as  rain. 

Giant  and  mammoth  have  passed  away, 

For  ages  have  floated  by; 
The  suet  is  hard  as  a  marrow  bone, 
And  every  plum  is  turned  to  a  stone, 

But  there  the  puddings  lie. 

The  early  settlers  were  of  good  stock,  educated  and  able.  In  1631 
came  John  Eliot,  the  apostle  to  the  Indians.  On  the  hill  then  known 
as  Meeting-House  Hill,  now  Eliot  Square,  at  Roxbury  and  Dudley 
Streets,  was  erected  in  1632  the  first  meeting-house.  Its  roof  was 
thatched  and  the  walls  unplastered;  there  were  no  pews  or  spire, 
but  about  it  centered  the  life  of  the  village.  By  law  the  settlers  were 
compelled  to  live  within  one-half  mile  of  the  church  for  protection 

117 


118 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


against  the  Indians.  For  sixty  years  John  Eliot  preached  here. 
He  was  buried  in  the  Eliot  Burying  Ground  at  the  corner  of 
Washington  and  Eustis  Streets,  as  well  as  the  Dudleys.  On  the 
north  side  of  the  Square  is  still  standing  the  parsonage  built  by  the 
Rev.  Olin  Peabody  in  1750.  Here  was  Town  Street,  now  Roxbury 
Street. 

An  interesting  landmark  is  St.  Luke's  Home  for  Convalescents, 
at  No.  149,  occupying  a  house  over  one  hundred  years  old.  This 
Home,  established  in  1872,  is  a  charity  supported  by  the  Episcopal 

churches  of  Boston.     It   gives 
shelter  to  women  in  a  convales- 
cent stage,  and  can  accommo- 
date 26  patients.     A  board  of 
visiting  physicians  look  out  for 
the  medical  needs  of  the  inmates. 
At  No.  125  on  this  street  is 
•    St.  Monica's  Home  for  sick 
I    colored     women     and     children 
I    under  the  care  of  the  Sisters  of 
I    St.  Margaret   (Protestant  Epis- 
I    copal).    It  was  founded  in  1888 
and  has  22  beds. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  Square 
is  the  Norfolk  House,  at  one  time 
a  noted  hotel,  and  south  of  this 
is  the  site  of  the  Roxbury  High 
Fort,  of  Revolutionary  interest. 
Here  is  now  a  landmark  in  the 
nature  of  a  disused  water  tower, 
or  "Stand  Pipe,"  293  feet  high, 
painted  white,  built  in  1869,  and 
now  used  as  an  observatory.  On  the  balcony  railing  are  tablets 
pointing  to  the  different  fortifications  used  during  the  siege  of 
Boston. 

On  the  westerly  side  of  the  Square,  near  Centre  Street,  is  the  Part- 
ing Stone,  marked  "  The  Parting  Stone,  1744,  P-  Dudley''  This  stone 
marked  the  way  in  one  direction  to  Cambridge  and  Watertown, 
and  in  the  other  to  Dedham  and  Rhode  Island. 

Taking  the  road  to  the  west  from  Roxbury  Crossing  toward 
Brookline,  over  what  is  now  Mission  Hill,  we  pass  the  Mission 
Church,  built  by  the  Redemptorist  Fathers  in  1869.  Farther  on 
at  841  Huntington  Avenue  is  a  large  group  of  buildings  —  the  House 
of  the  Good  Shepherd,  a  Catholic  institution  for  wayward  girls  and 


Dr.  M.  D.  Miller,  Photo. 

PARTING  STONE,,  ROXBURY 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  119 

women,  with  a  very  large  laundry  establishment.  Opposite  this  is 
Parker  Hill,  or  "Great  Hill,"  as  it  was  called,  from  the  summit  of 
which  one  obtains  a  glorious  view  of  Boston  and  the  harbor  and  may 
inspect  the  many  hospitals  that  are  situated  there.  John  Parker 
once  lived  on  top  of  the  hill,  whence  its  name. 

Bordering  the  parkway  on  the  east  is  the  Vincent  Memorial 
Hospital  for  women,  with  a  staff  of  women  physicians.  It  was 
founded  by  a  gift  from  Mrs.  J.  R.  Vincent,  the  actress  of  the  old 
Boston  Museum  Stock  Company  in  1890.  It  has  22  beds.  Next 
to  this  is  the  Boston  Nursery  for  Blind  Babies,  of  25  beds,  fronting 
at  147  South  Huntington  Avenue  wrhere  the 
electric  cars  run.  The  other  buildings  near  at 
hand  are  a  home  for  old  ladies,  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  the  Home 
for  Little  Wanderers. 

Starting  from  Eliot  Square  and   proceeding 
east,  we  come  to  the  Dudley  Street  Terminal 
and  Warren  Street.    Just  back  of  the  People's 
Bank   on   the   south   side  of  the  terminal,  on 
Dudley  Street,  is  the  site  of  the  home  of  John 
Eliot,    noted    preacher    for    sixty    years,  first 
missionary  to  the  Indians,  translator  of  the 
Bible  into  the  Indian  language,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Roxbury  Free  School  — 
"In  zeal  equal  to  St.  Paul,  in  charity  to 
St.  Francis."    Taking  Warren  Street  south, 
the  way  to  Braintree  and  Plymouth,  we 
find   some  interesting  landmarks.     At  Warren 

m  e  e  j.i_     AXT  JOSEPH   WARREN 

rlace,  on  a  larm  of  seven  acres,  was  the  Warren 
homestead,  built  in  1720  by  Joseph  Warren,  grandfather  of  General 
Joseph  Warren.  Troops  were  quartered  here  during  the  siege  of 
Boston.  On  the  site  of  the  old  homestead  Dr.  John  C.  Warren 
erected  in  1846  a  stone  building  as  a  perpetual  memorial;  and  on 
June  17,  1904,  a  bronze  statue  in  the  square,  the  gift  of  the  citizens, 
was  dedicated  to  General  Joseph  Warren  —  "Physician,  Orator, 
Patriot,  killed  at  Bunker  Hill,  June  17th,  1775."  At  the  present 
time  this  is  the  geographical  center  of  the  City  of  Boston  (Walnut 
and  Westminster  Avenues). 

Close  by,  on  Kearsage  Avenue,  is  the  Roxbury  Latin  School, 
founded  in  1645  as  the  Roxbury  Free  School  and  still  a  leading 
preparatory  school. 

At  the  corner  of  Tolman  Place  and  Warren  Street  stands  the 
oldest  house  in  Roxbury,  built  in  1683. 


120  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

At  45  Townsend  Street  is  the  Beth  Israel  Hospital.  A  general  hos- 
pital of  56  beds,  established  in  1911.  It  is  reached  by  Humboldt 
Avenue  trolleys  from  the  Dudley  Street  Station  of  the  Elevated. 

The  chief  street  that  leads  from  the  park  system  to  the  south  is 
Morton  Street.  Over  it  there  is  much  automobile  travel.  On  the  right, 
after  leaving  Forest  Hills  is  the  beautiful  Forest  Hills  Cemetery, 
with  its  crematory  and  chapel  on  Walk  Hill  Street,  one  of  the  two 
chief  cemeteries  of  the  city. 

On  Dimock  Street,  off  Columbus  Avenue  extension  from  Roxbury 
Crossing,  is  seen  the  New  England  Hospital  for  Women  and  Chil- 
dren, founded  in  1862.  Its  beginning  was  due  very  largely  to  the 


NEW   ENGLAND   HOSPITAL   FOR   WOMEN   AND    CHILDREN 

efforts  of  Dr.  Marie  Zakrewska  (1829-1902).  Its  object  was  and  is 
now:  1.  To  provide  for  w-omen  medical  aid  of  competent  physicians 
of  their  own  sex.  2.  To  assist  educated  women  in  the  practical 
study  of  medicine.  3.  To  train  nurses  for  the  care  of  the  sick.  It 
is  a  general  hospital  of  178  beds,  vigorous  and  proud  of  its  history. 
There  are  a  dozen  buildings  well  situated  on  a  tract  of  nine  acres 
of  upland.  Its  active  medical  staff  is  composed  entirely  of  women 
physicians.  The  Out-Patient  Department  has  recently  been  moved 
from  29  Fayette  Street,  South  End,  to  the  hospital.  Here  was  estab- 
lished in  1872,  the  first  training  school  for  nurses  in  America.  The 
training  of  nurses  was  carried  on  to  a  limited  extent  from  the  first. 
In  1872  the  first  regular  training  school  for  nurses  was  organized  by 
Dr.  Susan  Dimock  wrho  had  studied  the  training-school  methods  in 
Germany  and  England.  The  school  offered  instruction  in  the  three 
departments  of  medical,  surgical,  and  obstetrical  nursing. 

The  Salvation  Army  maintains  a  general  hospital  and  dispensary 
at  87  Vernon  Street,  Roxbury,  reached  by  any  Tremont  Street  trolley 
car.  Here  it  has  a  "Poorman's"  drug  store  and  daily  medical, 
surgical,  and  dental  clinics. 


JAMAICA  PLAIN  AND  WEST  ROXBURY 
ALSO  DEDHAM 

SOUTHWEST  of  Roxbury,  in  what  was  West  Roxbury,  lies 
Jamaica  Plain.  It  is  reached  by  trolley  cars  from  Park 
Street  or  from  the  Dudley  Street  Elevated.  Its  early  history 
is  really  that  of  Roxbury.  We  find  in  1689  John  Eliot  giving  seventy- 
five  acres  of  land,  "the  income  from  which  was  to  be  used  for»the 
support  of  a  school  and  a  schoolmaster."  The  present  Eliot  School, 
on  Eliot  Street,  commemorates  this  gift,  and  is  devoted  to  the  giving 
of  free  instruction  in  wood-carving,  carpentering,  needlework,  and 
drawing.  At  636  Centre  Street  near  Green,  is  a  two-story  cottage 
with  painted  roof  and  dormer  windows,  which  was  sold  in  1740  to 
Benjamin  Faneuil,  nephew  of  old  Peter  Faneuil,  and  purchased  in 
1800  by  the  distinguished  Dr.  John  Warren,  as  a  country  house. 
In  1828  it  became  the  property  of  Samuel  Goodrich,  the  author, 
who  was  the  kindly,  well  beloved  Peter  Parley  of  earlier  days. 

At  the  junction  of  Centre  and  South  Streets  is  the  old  Loring- 
Greenough  homestead,  built  in  1760,  by  Commodore  Joshua  Lor- 
ing,  a  veteran  of  the  French  and  Indian  War.  Here  have  lived  five 
generations  of  Greenoughs.  This  house  was  the  headquarters  of 
General  Nathaniel  Greene  during  the  siege  of  Boston.  Near  here 
stands  the  old  milestone  inscribed:  "5  miles  to  Boston  Town  House, 
1735.  P.  Dudley.'"  On  the  site  of  the  Soldiers'  Monument  was  the 
first  schoolhouse  in  Jamaica  Plain,  built  in  1676. 

Close  by  is  Jamaica  Pond,  once  a  source  of  water  supply  to  Bos- 
ton, now  a  feature  in  our  chain  of  parks,  and  affording  boating  in 
summer  and  skating  in  winter.  On  the  southwest  shore  was  the 
estate  of  Francis  Parkman,  the  historian,  the  spot  being  marked 
by  a  memorial  by  D.  C.  French,  put  in  place  in  1906  after  the  city 
had  taken  the  land  for  a  part  of  the  park  which  surrounds  the  pond. 
The  Children's  Museum  at  Pinebank  near  the  boat  landing,  at 
the  end  of  Pond  Street,  ought  to  be  visited  for  its  interesting 
collections.  Leave  Centre  Street  trolley  at  Moraine  Street. 

Near  the  Forest  Hills  Station  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  & 
Hartford  Railroad  is  the  magnificent  Bussey  estate,  bequeathed  to 
Harvard  University  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  "instruction  in 
practical  agriculture,  useful  and  ornamental  gardening,  botany," 
etc.  The  Bussey  Institution  was  built  in  1871,  and  the  beautiful 
Arnold  Arboretum,  containing  over  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of 
hilly  land,  has  been  in  process  of  development  ever  since.  Here 

121 


122  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

are  in  great  profusion  rare  varieties  of  trees,  shrubs,  and  deciduous 
plants.  It  should  be  visited  early  in  June,  for  the  blossoms  are  then 
at  their  best. 

Off  Centre  Street  on  high  wood-covered  ground,  overlooking  the 
Arboretum,  is  the  Faulkner  Hospital,  opened  in  1903.  It  is  the  gift 
of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  George  Faulkner,  in  memory  of  their  daughter 
Mary,  for  the  good  of  the  people  of  the  old  town  of  West  Roxbury, 
where  Dr.  Faulkner  had  been  a  beloved  physician.  There  are  70 
beds,  19  of  them  in  a  building  reserved  for  maternity  patients. 

£n  important  medical  institution  is  the  Adams  Nervine  Asylum, 
990  Centre  Street,  close  by  the  Arboretum.  Funds  for  its  establish- 
ment were  left  in  1873  by  the  will  of  Seth  Adams,  late  of  Newton, 
"for  the  benefit  of  such  indigent,  debilitated,  nervous  people,  who 
are  not  insane,  inhabitants  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts, 
as  may  be  in  need  of  the  benefit  of  a  curative  institution."  It  was 
opened  in  1877  and  has  done  valuable  service  in  providing  care  for 
nervous  invalids  who  are  in  moderate  circumstances.  There  are 
50  beds. 

Franklin  Park,  named  for  Benjamin  Franklin,  lying  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Jamaica  Plain,  but  approached  by  way  of  Grove  Hall,  is 
our  largest  playground,  a  park  of  five  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
acres.  Splendid  woods,  tennis  courts,  ball  grounds,  and  an  excel- 
lent golf  course  offer  their  varied  attractions  to  the  visitor.  The 
zoological  gardens  occupying  about  eighty  acres,  with  separate 
houses  for  elephants,  lions,  bears,  and  birds,  and  a  range  for  elks, 
deer,  and  other  animals  should  be  visited.  Mattapan  and  Blue 
Hill  Avenue  electric  cars  pass  the  east  entrance  to  the  Park  at 
frequent  intervals.  Leading  from  Elm  Hill  across  the  Park  toward 
Milton  and  Plymouth  was  an  old  Indian  trail.  Near  this  point  on 
the  hill  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  lived  when  he  taught  school  in 
Roxbury. 

On  the  westerly  border  of  Franklin  Park,  at  215  Forest  Hills 
Street  is  the  Talitha  Cumi  Maternity  Home  and  Hospital  of  36  beds, 
for  young  unmarried  mothers.  It  was  established  in  1836  and  is 
under  the  control  of  the  New  England  Moral  Reform  Society. 
Close  at  hand,  at  No.  118,  is  the  Emerson  Hospital,  a  semi-public 
general  hospital  established  by  Dr.  N.  W.  Emerson  in  1904,  of  50  beds. 

Theodore  Parker  was  minister  of  the  second  meeting-house  of 
the  Second  Parish  of  Roxbury  from  1837  to  1846.  The  building 
stood  until  recently  on  the  corner  of  Centre  and  Church  Streets, 
Roslindale.  There  is  a  bronze  statue  of  Parker  by  Robert  Kraus, 
in  the  green  in  front  of  the  Church  of  the  First  Parish  of  West 
Roxbury  at  the  corner  of  Centre  and  Corey  Streets. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  .     123 

In  West  Roxbury,  near  the  Newton  line,  specifically  at  670  Baker 
Street,  was  Brook  Farm,  a  tract  of  land  purchased  by  George  Ripley 
in  1841.  He  and  his  associates  incorporated  the  "Brook  Farm 
Phalanx,"  a  unique  social  and  cooperative  experiment  in  which 
Ripley,  Thoreau,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  Charles  A.  Dana,  George 
William  Curtis,  and  Margaret  Fuller  were  prominent  participants. 
The  project  lasted  five  years.  The  farm  is  now  occupied  by  the 
Martin  Luther  Orphans'  Home  of  60  beds,  supported  by  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church. 

On  Spring  Street,  No.  255,  near  the  Dedham  line,  is  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service  Hospital  No.  44  of  250  beds,  devoted 
to  neuropsychiatric  cases.  It  is  reached  by  Spring  Street  cars  from 
the  Forest  Hills  Station  of  the  Elevated.  A  short  distance  beyond 
the  hospital  there  are  boathouses  and  excellent  canoeing  facilities 
on  the  Charles. 

In  Dedham  is  the  Old  Fairbanks  House,  one  of  the  oldest 
houses  standing  in  the  country.  It  was  built  about  1650  by  Jona- 
than Fairbanks  to  whom  the  lands  about  it  were  allotted  in  1637. 
It  had  been  owned  by  a  Fairbanks  until  1896  when  it  was  purchased 
by  public-spirited  women  to  save  it  from  destruction.  Since  1903 
it  has  been  the  property  of  the  "Fairbanks  Family  in  America," 
incorporated.  Here  the  Fairbanks  Family  reunions  are  held.  The 
house  is  on  East  Street  not  far  from  the  Dedham  Station  of  the  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad.  It  is  open  daily.  Free. 
Not  far  away  is  the  "  Avery  Oak,"  a  very  large  tree  that  is  said  to 
have  been  of  great  value  at  the  time  the  "Constitution"  was  built, 
the  owrner  refusing  to  sell  it  for  timbers  for  that  vessel. 

The  rooms  of  the  Dedham  Historical  Society  on  the  corner  of 
Church  Street  and  High  Street  contain  valuable  relics  of  this  old 
suburban  town,  the  shire  town  of  Norfolk  County. 


BROOKLINE 

ALSO  BRIGHTON,  WALTHAM,  WATERTOWN,  NEWTON, 
WELLESLEY,  FRAMINGHAM 

BROOKLINE,  or  Muddy  River,  as  it  was  called,  was  used 
as  a  grazing  place  for  swine  and  cattle  in  colonial  times. 
Originally  a  part  of  Boston,  in  1705  it  was  set  apart  as  an 
independent  town  and  has  remained  a  town  ever  since.  It  forms  a 
wedge  between  the  Brighton  District  on  the  west  and  Roxbury, 
Jamaica  Plain,  and  West  Roxbury  on  the  east.  Metropolitan  plan- 
ning boards  have  always  met  a  Puritanical  opposition  to  their 
efforts  to  induce  Brookline  to  join  the  Boston  municipality.  To 
this  day  the  Brookline  town  meetings  are  famous  for  their  lively 
and  public-spirited  discussions  of  matters  of  town  government, 
although  there  are  evidences  that  the  politicians  are  getting  their 
hold  at  last.  It  is  a  place  of  homes,  many  apartment  houses,  and 
beautiful  estates.  The  mere  mention  of  some  of  the  noteworthy 
places  must  suffice  here,  the  reader  being  assured  that  a  trip  through 
this  town,  the  richest  in  the  United  States,  will  be  well  worth  while. 
The  Gardner,  Sargent,  Schlesinger,  Winthrop,  Lee,  Lowell,  Lyman, 
Brandegee,  Whitney,  Larz  Anderson  estates,  and  the  Country  Club 
are  some  of  the  most  noted. 

Not  far  from  the  golf  links  of  the  Country  Club,  on  Newton 
Street  near  Clyde,  is  the  Brookline  Board  of  Health  Hospital,  com- 
prising a  group  of  modern  brick  buildings  in  which  are  64  beds, 
caring  for  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria,  tuberculosis,  and  smallpox. 
Private  patients  from  surrounding  regions  are  received  here,  a 
great  help  when  contagious  diseases  are  prevalent.  At  the  western 
end  of  the  town,  but  within  the  limits  of  the  City  of  Boston  are  the 
Chestnut  Hill  Reservoir  and  pumping  stations,  parts  of  the  Metro- 
politan Water  Works.  The  two  lakes  of  the  reservoir,  nestling  at 
the  base  of  the  surrounding  hills,  make  one  of  the  most  attractive 
bits  of  scenery  about  Boston,  while  on  the  heights  to  the  west  are 
the  handsome  stone  buildings  of  Boston  College,  conducted  by  the 
Jesuit  Fathers.  This  growing  institution  is  situated  on  most  at- 
tractive grounds  which  are  in  the  township  of  Newton.  It  is  reached 
by  Newton  Boulevard  trolley  cars  over  Commonwealth  Avenue,  a 
short  distance  beyond  the  Lake  Street  Station. 

No  city  in  America  possesses  more  beautiful  suburbs  or  in  a  greater 
number  than  does  Boston.  The  Newtons,  Wellesleys,  Natick, 
Weston,  and  Waltham  to  the  west,  Dedham,  Milton,  and  Quincy 

124 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


125 


to  the  south,  and  Belmont,  Arlington,  Medford,  and  Winchester 
to  the  north  are  easily  accessible  by  trolley  or  by  automobile  through 
the  parkways,  the  roads  being  all  that  could  be  asked.  In  almost 
every  city  and  town  is  a  hospital.  Among  the  semi-public  hospitals 
is  the  Corey  Hill  Hospital  on  the  top  of  Corey  Hill,  No.  232  Summit 
Avenue,  in  the  town  of 
Brookline.  It  was  built 
and  equipped  by  a  group 
of  Boston  physicians  in 
1904  for  the  care  of  private 
patients  under  their  own 
physicians.  There  are  ac- 
commodations for  34  pa- 
tients, the  beds  being  open 
to  reputable  medical  men 
of  Boston  and  vicinity. 
Training  schools  for  nurses  are  encouraged  to  send  to  this  hos- 
pital a  certain  number  of  their  nurses  in  the  latter  part  of  their 
third  year  to  complete  then'  training.  Graduate  nurses  do  the 
greater  part  of  the  nursing.  It  was  here  that  our  chief  surgeon, 
the  late  Maurice  H.  Richardson,  used  to  delight  the  patients  by 
his  skill  as  a  pianist  after  an  evening  visit.  Another  hospital  on 
this  hill  is  the  Brooks  Hospital  at  227  Summit  Avenue.  This 
was  built  by  Dr.  W.  A.  Brooks,  incorporated  as  a  charitable 
institution,  and  opened  in  1915.  It  has  accommodations  for  34 
patients.  Most  of  the  cases  are  surgical.  Two  wards  of  8  beds 
each  are  largely  devoted  to  the  treatment  of  industrial  accident 
cases  for  the  Liberty  Mutual  Insurance  Company.  On  the  second 


COREY    HILL    HOSPITAL   AND 

NURSES'  HOME 


MASSACHUSETTS   HOMEOPATHIC   HOSPITAL 
WEST  DEPARTMENT   (CONTAGIOUS) 

floor  are  private  rooms.    The  Sias  Laboratories  are  in  the  building 

under  the  direction  of  Dr.  F.  H.  Slack  and  Dr.  C.  L.  Overlander. 

On  the  northerly   slope  of  Corey  Hill,  at  296  Allston  Street, 

Brighton,  is  the    John  C.  Haynes  Hospital  for  Contagious  Dis- 


126 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


eases,  the  West  Department  of  the  Massachusetts  Homeopathic 
Hospital,  the  headquarters  of  which  are  at  82  East  Concord  Street 
in  the  South  End.  The  hospital  was  founded  in  1908  by  a  bequest 
from  John  C.  Haynes,  the  music  dealer,  and  has  150  beds  in  several 
isolated  buildings.  It  is  reached  by  Lake  Street  and  Common- 
wealth Avenue  cars  from  Park  Street.  On  the  easterly  side  of 
Brookline  is  the  Free  Hospital  for  Women,  at  80  Glen  Road  op- 
posite Leverett  Pond  and  Olmstead  Park  of  the  Boston  Park 
System,  reached  by  Huntington  Avenue  cars  to  Pond  Avenue. 


FREE  HOSPITAL  FOR  WOMEN 

This  hospital,  modeled  after  the  Woman's  Hospital  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  was  established  in  1875  by  the  late  Dr.  W.  H. 
Baker  and  was  first  situated  in  two  dwelling  houses  on  East 
Springfield  Street  at  the  South  End  near  the  City  Hospital.  From 
this  institution  for  twenty  years  came  the  teachings  of  Marion  Sims 
and  Thomas  Addis  Emmet  to  the  medical  profession  of  New  Eng- 
land through  their  pupil,  the  professor  of  Gynecology  in  the  Har- 
vard Medical  School,  the  surgeon-in-chief  to  the  hospital.  The 
present  building  was  erected  in  1905  and  has  a  capacity  of  603  beds. 
It  is  an  incorporated  institution,  being  supported  by  an  endow- 
ment fund  and  by  annual  subscriptions  of  churches  and  charitable 
individuals.  The  object  of  the  hospital  is  the  surgical  treatment  of 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  127 

the  diseases  peculiar  to  women.  All  the  beds  are  free,  only  the  poor 
being  admitted.  In  1919,  925  patients  were  treated  in  the  hospital, 
and  there  were  5539  consultations  in  the  Out-Patient  Department. 
In  Brighton,  on  the  road  from  Allston  to  Oak  Square  and  Newton, 
is  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  at  736  Cambridge  Street,  reached  by 
trolley  cars  from  Park  Street.  It  was  founded  in  1868  and  for  many 
years  after  1888  occupied  several  remodeled  houses  on  West  Brook- 
line  Street  at  the  South  End.  In  1911  it  was  taken  over  by  the 
Catholic  Archdiocese  of  Boston  and  was  changed  from  a  hospital 
for  women  to  a  general  hospital.  The  present  hospital  was  com- 
pleted and  occupied  in  1914.  Affording  200  beds,  it  consists  of  a 
group  of  buildings  on  a  bluff  well  above  the  street  level.  The  main 
building,  the  hospital  itself,  is  130  feet  long  with  two  wings  of  60 
feet,  and  is  three  stories  high.  There  are  balconies  on  the  court- 
yard inclosed  by  the  wings,  where  the  patients  may  be  wheeled  in 
chair  or  bed.  To  the  south  of  the  hospital  are  the  Convent  and 
Nurses'  Home,  the  latter  a  building  110  feet  long  and  five  stories 
in  height.  The  training 
school  for  nurses  is  under 
the  direction  of  the  Sisters 
of  St.  Francis,  the  head 
nurses  in  charge  of  the 
various  wards,  operating 
rooms,  and  diet  kitchens 

being   all   nuns,  who  are  ELIZABETH-S  HOSPITAL 

graduate  nurses.    There 

are  twenty  of  these  and  eighty  pupil  nurses.  The  school  recently 
has  been  on  an  eight-hour-day  basis.  The  hospital  has  a  well 
equipped  X-Ray  department,  laboratory,  orthopedic  department, 
and  accident  ward.  Half  the  second  floor  is  devoted  to  ob- 
stetrics, about  seven  hundred  babies  being  born  here  each  year, 
and  there  is  a  children's  ward  besides  those  given  up  to  medical 
and  surgical  cases.  During  the  year  1920,  3786  patients  were 
treated  in  the  wards  and  5063  in  the  Out-Patient  Department. 
The  Waltham  Hospital  of  125  beds  on  Hope  Avenue  in  that  city, 
with  a  new  maternity  department  of  24  beds,  provides  care  for  the 
sick  of  Waltham  and  also  for  Weston,  Lincoln,Waverley,  and  Belmont. 
It  is  interesting  largely  because  of  the  unique  Waltham  Training 
School  for  Nurses  which  is  associated  with  it.  The  training  school 
is  at  764  Main  Street  near  the  Square,  at  some  distance  from  the 
hospital.  This  is  the  training  school  which  Dr.  Alfred  Worcester  was 
instrumental  in  founding  in  1885  and  with  which  he  has  been  con- 
nected from  the  beginning.  The  purpose  was  to  supply  the  mime- 


128  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

diate  nursing  needs  of  the  community  and  also  to  give  young  women 
a  thorough  education  and  training  in  nursing.  The  distinctive 
character  of  the  school  is  due  to  the  fact  of  its  separate  foundation. 
Its  only  connection  with  the  Waltham  Hospital,  or  with  other 
hospitals  which  it  supplies  with  nursing  service,  allows  to  the  school 
perfect  freedom  in  following  its  ideals,  one  of  which  is  the  training 
of  nurses  in  home  nursing  for  home  nursing.  It  was  the  first  school 
in  the  country  to  give  training  in  District  Visiting  Nursing.  It  was 
the  first  to  adopt  a  preparatory  course. 

The  works  of  the  American  Waltham  Watch  Company  in  this 
city  will  well  repay  a  visit.  Take  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  to 
Waltham,  or  trolley  cars  from  Watertown  or  Newton. 

In  Watertown,  the  near-by  town  to  Waltham,  is  the  Perkins 
Institution  and  Massachusetts  School  for  the  Blind,  formerly  in 
South  Boston  where  it  was  established  in  1829.  It  has  attractive 
grounds  and  buildings  and  a  handsome  tower.  There  are  285  beds. 
It  is  reached  by  trolley  cars  from  Park  Street  passing  over 
North  Beacon  Street  to  Watertown.  Another  institution  of  Water- 
town  is  Sunny  Bank  Home,  at  304  School  Street,  a  convalescent 
home  of  the  Massachusetts  Homeopathic  Hospital,  of  18  beds. 
It  was  established  in  1887.  Watertown  cars  from  Harvard  Square, 
Cambridge,  pass  School  Street. 

On  Marshall  Street  in  Watertown  is  the  Marshall  Fowle  House, 
in  which  General  Warren  spent  the  night  before  the  Battle  of 
Bunker  Hill,  and  in  which  Mrs.  Washington  was  entertained  when 
on  her  way  from  Mt.  Vernon  to  Cambridge.  On  North  Beacon 
Street,  near  to  Allston,  is  the  great  United  States  Arsenal  on  the 
river.  North  Beacon  Street  trolleys  from  the  Park  Street  Station 
pass  the  entrance,  or  trolleys  from  the  Central  Square  Station  of 
the  Cambridge  tunnel. 

Journeying  by  trolley  from  Boston  over  Commonwealth  Avenue 
toward  Norumbega  Park  one  gets  off  at  the  crossing  of  this  avenue 
with  Washington  Street  and  takes  a  Natick  car  which  soon  passes 
the  Newton  Hospital,  at  No.  2014,  in  the  district  of  Newton  Lower 
Falls,  one  of  the  nine  subdivisions  of  the.  township  of  Newton.  Not 
many  natives  get  these  Newtons  straight.  The  hospital  has  a  capac- 
ity of  165  patients  and  a  fine  set  of  buildings.  It  was  established  in 
1881,  serves  a  wide  expanse  of  territory,  and  has  a  training  school 
for  nurses  connected  with  it. 

Wellesley  College  for  women  with  its  three  hundred  acres  of 
beautiful  grounds  is  one  of  the  show  places  of  the  suburbs  of  Bos- 
ton. It  is  about  half  a  mile  beyond  the  center  of  Wellesley,  thirteen 
miles  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  or  it  may  be  reached  by 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  129 

trolley  car  over  Commonwealth  Avenue  extension,  changing  at 
Washington  Street  to  a  car  marked  Natick  and  going  through 
Newton  Lower  Falls,  Wellesley  Hills,  Wellesley,  directly  by  the  college 
grounds,  which  are  spread  along  Central  Street,  on  which  the  trolley 
runs,  for  nearly  a  mile.  Below  this  highway  runs  the  railroad,  and 
beyond  that  is  Morse's  Pond.  On  the  other  side  of  the  college 
campus  and  buildings  is  Waban  Lake,  where  "Float  Day"  is  held 
in  proper  season.  This  very  wide-a-wake  and  growing  institution 
was  founded  by  Henry  F.  Durant,  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bar,  who  died  in  1881,  and  was  helped  and  fostered  by  his  widow, 
whose  ample  homestead  was  given  to  the  college  in  1871,  the  col- 
lege being  opened  in  1875.  The  college  has  about  1400  students. 

The  Community  Health  and  Tuberculosis  Demonstration  of  the 
National  Tuberculosis  Association  in  South  Framingham  is  worth 
a  visit.  This  may  be  reached  best  by  train  from  the  South  Station 
or  Trinity  Place  to  South  Framingham  (19  miles)  on  the  main  line 
of  the  New  York  Central  Railway.  An  express  train  lands  the 
visitor  at  the  railway  station  in  half  an  hour.  The  health  station 
is  only  a  short  distance  away  on  the  right  hand,  in  the  Crouch 
Building  on  Union  Avenue,  the  street  with  a  trolley  line  leading  to 
Framingham  Center.  Dr.  D.  B.  Armstrong  is  the  executive  officer, 
and  Dr.  A.  K.  Stone  administrative  advisor. 


CAMBRIDGE 

ALSO    SOMERVILLE   AND    MEDFORD 

A  ROSS  the  river  from  Boston  proper  is  Cambridge,  the 
"University  City,"  joined  to  Boston  by  seven  bridges.  The 
Charles  River  basin  is  wide,  and  a  dam  keeps  the  water  at 
a  definite  level  and  fresh.  It  gives  to  Boston  and  Cambridge  a  large 
sheet  of  water  of  inestimable  value  from  artistic,  hygienic,  and 
pleasure-giving  points  of  view.  Crossing  Harvard  Bridge  one  faces 
a  magnificent  group  of  buildings,  those  of  the  Massachusetts  Insti- 
tute of  Technology.  This  institution  was  chartered  in  1861  and  was 
given  by  the  Legislature  certain  State  lands  in  the  Back  Bay  Dis- 
trict of  Boston.  Classes  began  in  1865,  and  the  first  class  was  gradu- 
ated in  1868.  In  1889  it  outgrew  the  portion  of  the  square  in  the 
Back  Bay  District  between  Boylston  and  Newbury  Streets  appor- 
tioned by  the  State,  and  built  additional  buildings  on  Clarendon 
Street,  Boston,  opposite  the  present  location  of  the  Copley-Plaza 
Hotel.  In  1916  it  removed  from  Boston  to  a  site  upon  the  Charles 
River  in  Cambridge  opposite  the  Back  Bay. 

The  new  site  contains  about  fifty  acres.  The  educational  struc- 
tures are  under  one  roof,  and  the  plans  are  so  drawn  that  the  build- 
ings may  be  extended  as  the  growth  of  the  Institute  demands.  The 
layout  was  planned  for  two  thousand  students,  and  already  the 
registration  has  risen  to  thirty-five  hundred.  An  addition  to  the 
present  educational  buildings  is  in  process  of  construction  and  will 
be  known  as  the  Pratt  School  of  Naval  Architecture.  In  addition 
to  the  educational  buildings,  there  are  upon  the  grounds  of  the 
Institute  the  Walker  Memorial,  the  social  center  of  student  life, 
and  the  dormitories  which  are  placed  about  the  President's  house 
on  the  Charles  River  Boulevard.  The  dormitories  accommodate  a 
limited  number  of  students  and  are  built  in  six  units.  Two  frater- 
nities occupy  the  extreme  units,  and  the  remaining  units  are  named 
in  honor  of  deceased  professors. 

At  the  rear  of  the  lot  is  situated  the  power  plant,  which 
may  be  doubled  in  size.  Opposite  the  power  plant  are  the 
laboratories  of  forging,  foundry,  and  gas  engines.  The  carpenter 
shop  and  other  service  buildings  are  erected  in  convenient  spots 
on  the  lot. 

In  January,  1920,  a  campaign  for  $8,000,000  was  successfully 
completed  six  months  before  the  required  date  by  the  raising  of 
$4,000,000.  Mr.  George  Eastman,  maker  of  kodaks,  until  that  date 

130 


132 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


known  as  the  mysterious  "Mr.  Smith,"  had  pledged  $4,000,000 
of  this  and  had  previously  contributed  generously  to  the  Institute 
,.  ^  under  the  name 

of  "Mr.  Smith." 
Visitors  are 
always  welcome 
at  the  Institute, 
and  the  Engineer- 
ing Laboratories, 
which  are  un- 
usually well 
equipped,  besides 
other  laborato- 

N.  L.  Stebbins,  Photo.  •  -ii      p.]afJlv 

HARVARD  HALL  AND  JOHNSTON  GATE  ' , 

Across  Massachusetts  Avenue  from  the  Technology  buildings,  at 
350  Charles  River  Road,  is  the  Charlesgate  Hospital,  a  surgical  hos- 
pital of  50  beds,  established  by  Dr.  Albert  H.  Tuttle  in  1906. 

Cambridgeport  is  an  important  manufacturing  center  where 
soap,  books,  candies,  castings,  and  machinery  are  produced  in  great 
quantities.  Passing  through  it  in  trolley  or  motor  car  along  Mas- 
sachusetts Avenue,  the  chief  street,  we  note  on  the  right,  just  beyond 
Central  Square,  the  City  Hall,  the  gift  of  Frederick  H.  Rindge. 
Just  back  of  it,  now  marked  by 
a  tablet,  was  the  headquarters 
of  General  Isaac  Putnam  during 
the  siege  of  Boston.  Near  by, 
at  1575  Cambridge  Street,  is  the 
Holy  Ghost  Hospital  for  Incur- 
ables. Established  in  1894,  it 
offers  140  beds  for  the  care  of 
incurables  —  a  splendid  charity, 
supported  by  private  funds. 
Farther  up  Massachusetts  Avenue 
is  Harvard  Square,  the  terminus 
of  the  Cambridge  subway  from 
Park  Street,  and  the  College 
Yard  — the  old  College  Yard, 
dear  to  all  graduates,  where 

there  is  a  new  generation  of  elms  HQLDEN  CHAp£L 

to  temper  the  sun's  rays,   and 

nod  their  welcome  to  the  sturdy  sons  of  fair  Harvard.     About  the 
yard  are  old  buildings,   rich  in  traditions  and  hoary  with  age. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


133 


MEMORIAL  HALL 


Massachusetts  Hall  dates 
backto!720.  Built  by  gift 
of  the  General  Court  as 
a  dormitory,  it  was  used 
as  a  meeting  place  for 
the  Legislature  during  the 
Revolution.  In  it  now  reci- 
tations and  examinations 
are  held.  Hollis,  Harvard, 
and  Massachusetts  Halls 
were  used  as  barracks  by 
George  Washington  during 
the  Revolution.  Between 
Massachusetts  and  Harvard  Halls  is  the  main  entrance  to  the 
yard,  through  the  Johnston  Gateway.  This  gate  is  inscribed  with 
the  orders  of  the  General  Court,  relating  to  the  establishment  of 
the  College  in  1636. 

There  are  many  buildings  to  inspect  —  some  beautiful  from 
length  of  service,  as  Wadsworth  House  (1726),  once  the  headquar- 
ters of  General  Washington;  others  from  an  architectural  point 
of  view,  all  of  them  rich  in  traditions  and  associations  —  the 
Harvard  Union,  the  gift  of  Major  Henry  Lee  Higginson  and  Henry 

Warren,  the  Phillips  Brooks 
House,  Hemenway  Gymnasium, 
Memorial  Hall,  Law  School,  the 
various  museums,  and  the  great 
Stadium.  The  Widener  Me- 
morial Library,  with  its  match- 
less collection  of  books,  is  one  of 
the  newer  buildings  and  should 
be  visited.  It  replaces  Gore  Hall 
and  contains  Harry  Elkins 
Widener's  own  library  of  2500 
volumes  in  a  special  room,  be- 
sides some  700,000  bound  vol- 
umes. On  the  Delta  by  Memorial 
Hall  is  the  statue  of  John  Har- 
vard, of  Charlestown,  whose 
gift  of  one-half  of  his  estate, 
£779,  and  "his  library  in  1636 
rt  Co.,  Photo.  made  the  real  beginning  of  the 

JOHN    HARVARD  College. 


134 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


THE   WASHINGTON   ELM 


Northwest  of  the  College  Yard  lies  Cambridge  Common,  and 
west  of  the  Common  stands  the  famous  Washington  Elm,  under 

which,  as  every  schoolboy 
knows,  Washington  first  took 
command  of  the  Continental 
forces.  Opposite  the  elm  is 
Radcliffe  College  for  women, 
affiliated  with  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, which  had  its  beginning  in 
1879.  The  name  Radcliffe  is  of 
some  interest.  In  1643  Lady 
Anne  Moulton  gave  the  first 
scholarship  to  Harvard  of  £100, 
and  in  grateful  remembrance  of 
this,  the  women's  department 
was  named  Radcliffe,  Lady 
Anne's  maiden  name. 

^r^SCr^aiMM        Close  by  is   Christ  Church, 

built  in  1760  by  Peter  Harrison, 
who  designed  King's  Chapel  in 
Boston.  A  milestone  near  the 
fence  reads,  "Boston  8  miles,  1734."  As  the  only  road  to  Boston 
at  that  time  led  through  Brighton  and  Roxbury  and  across  the 
Neck,  now  Washington  Street,  it  was  indeed  eight  miles. 

Farther  down  Harvard  Square,  at  Dunster  Street,  is  a  tablet  mark- 
ing the  site  of  the  house  of  Stephen  Daye,  the  printer  of  the  first 
book  extant  printed  in  English  North  America,  the  "Bay  Psalm 
Book,"  1639.  Daye  may  be  regarded  as  the  founder  of  the  present 
University  Press,  the  printer  of  this  Guide-Book,  now  situated  on 
the  Charles  River  Parkway,  opposite  Soldiers'  Field,  for  the  first 
president  of  Harvard,  Rev.  Henry  Dunster,  assumed  charge  of  the 
first  printing  establishment,  which  was  in  -his  house,  with  Daye  as 
printer.  Dunster,  whose 
presidency  extended  from 
1640  to  1654,  married  the 
widow  of  a  Mr.  Joseph 
Glover,  of  London,  Eng., 
who  had  procured  a  press 
and  types,  but  had  died  on 
the  voyage  to  America. 
From  Dunster's  association 
with  it  the  establishment  received  the  name  of  The  University 
Press.  The  Press  was  re-established  by  the  College  in  1761  and  of 


THE   STADIUM 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


135 


Dr.  M.  D.  Miller,  Photo. 

THE  LONGFELLOW  HOUSE 


recent  years  has  been  run  under  private  management.  Still  farther 
down  Dunster  Street,  at  the  corner  of  South,  is  seen  the  tablet 
marking  the  site  of  the 
house  of  Thomas  Dudley, 
the  founder  of  Cambridge. 
Outside  Harvard  Square 
are  many  interesting  and 
historic  places.  Off  Boyl- 
ston  Street,  facing  the  river, 
are  the  Freshman  Dormi- 
tories housing  nearly  all  of 
the  freshman  class,  lighted 
and  heated  by  the  college 
power  plant,  the  dining 
room  in  each  building 
served  from  one  common 
kitchen  through  subways.  Many  fraternity  houses  are  in  this 
neighborhood.  Soldiers'  Field,  across  the  river,  the  gift  of  Major 
Henry  Lee  Higginson  to  the  University,  in  memory  of  his  classmates 
who  died  in  the  Civil  War,  is  the  athletic  field.  The  Stadium,  built 
after  the  Greek  model,  is  the  gift  of  the  Athletic  Association  and  of 
the  class  of  '79.  It  was  the  first  of  the  stadia  which  have  been 
growing  in  ever  increasing  size  at  the  various  colleges  of  the  country. 
It  is  a  steel  frame  filled  in  with  Portland  cement.  Its  seating  capacity 
is  28,400.  For  the  Harvard-Yale  Football  Game  additional  seats 
are  added,  with  a  grand  stand  at  the  east  end,  so  that  the  seating 
accommodation  is  raised  to  45,000.  The  graduates  of  both  univer- 
sities, far  and  near,  look 
forward  to  the  Harvard-Yale 
game  of  football,  and  with 
then"  families  arrive  in  Bos- 
ton a  day  or  two  before  the 
event. 

South     from     Harvard 
Square,  and  running  west, 
is   Brattle  Street,  the  most 
beautiful   street  in  Cam- 
bridge.    On  Brattle  Street  is 
the  well-known  Longfellow 
House,  built  in  1759  by  John 
Vassall.     It  was  Washing- 
ton's headquarters  after  leaving  the  Wadsworth  House,  and  later 
became  the  home  of Jthe  poet  Longfellow.    Some  little  distance  up 


THE  LOWELL  HOUSE 


136 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


M.  D.  Miller,  Photo. 

STILLMAN  INFIRMARY 


the  street  is  Elmwood  Avenue,  which  leads  to  Mt.  Auburn  Street, 
where  is  the  beautifully  situated  home  of  James  Russell  Lowell. 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  The  Lowell  house 

is  also  reached  on 
Mt.  Auburn  Street 
by  trolleys  from 
Harvard  Square 
marked  Mt.  Au- 
burn, Waverley, 
or  Watertown. 

South  of  Brattle 
Street,  and  parallel 
to  it,  is  Mt.  Auburn 
Street,  which  for  a 
short  distance 
runs  along  the  river's  edge.  On  the  left,  overlooking  the  river  and 
Soldiers'  Field,  is  the  Stillman  Infirmary,  belonging  to  the  Univer- 
sity. Each  student  taking  courses  in  Cambridge  is  charged  a  small 
sum  for  the  support  of  the  Infirmary,  and  this  entitles  him  to  two 
weeks'  free  treatment.  The  majority  of  sick  students  use  the 
Infirmary  when  necessary.  Next  to  it  are  the  buildings  of  the 
Cambridge  Hospital,  established  in  1871  and  now  having  165  beds. 
Still  farther  on,  at  the  junction  of  Mt.  Auburn  Street  and  Brattle 
Street,  is  the  beautiful  and  peace-inviting  Mt.  Auburn  Cemetery, 
the  resting-place  of  many  distinguished  dead.  To  wander  along 
the  beautiful  walks  of  this  cemetery  is  to  meet  the  names  of  New 
England's  most  famous  sons.  Here  are  the  graves  of  James  Russell 
Lowell,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Louis  Agassiz,  Charles  Bulfinch, 
Edwin  Booth,  Rufus  Choate,  James  T.  Fields,  Phillips  Brooks, 


CAMBRIDGE   HOSPITAL 


William  Ellery  Channing,  Edward  Everett,  Samuel  G.  Howe, 
and  many  others.  The  old  chapel  of  the  cemetery  was  converted 
into  a  most  attractive  and  serviceable  crematory  in  [1902.  This  is 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  137 

one  of  the  two  crematories  of  New  England,  the  other  being 
situated  at  Forest  Hills  Cemetery. 

In  Somerville,  the  third  in  size  of  Boston's  suburbs,  is  Prospect 
Hill  near  Union  Square,  the  site  of  the  most  formidable  works  in 
the  American  lines  during  the  siege  of  Boston.  Here  the  union  flag 
with  its  thirteen  stripes  was  first  flung  to  the  breeze,  January  1, 1776. 
There  is  a  tablet  on  the  top  of  the  hill.  On  Winter  Hill,  crossed 
by  the  Broadway  trolley  line,  was  another  fort.  The  Old  Powder 
House,  a  tower  with  conical  top,  thirty  feet  high  and  about  twenty 
feet  in  diameter,  having  thick  brick  walls,  is  in  a  little  park  at  the 
junction  of  College  Avenue,  Broadway,  and  the  parkway  to  Mystic 
Valley.  This  was  first  a  mill  built  about  1703,  becoming  a  Province 
powder  house  in  1747.  General  Gage  seized  the  250  half-barrels  of 
gunpowder  there  September  1,  1774,  and  in  1775  it  became  the 
magazine  of  the  American  army  besieging  Boston. 

The  buildings  of  Tufts  College  on  College  Hill  reached  by  the 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  may  be  seen  for  long  distances.  The 
college  itself  with  Jackson  College,  the  department  for  women,  is 
situated  here;  the  medical  and  dental  schools  are  on  Huntington 
Avenue  at  the  South  End,  in  Boston. 

The  Somerville  Hospital  on  Crocker  Street,  was  founded  in  1891. 
It  is  a  semi-public  general  hospital  of  75  beds.  Take  a  Clarendon 
Hill- Highland  Avenue  car  at  Park  Street  Subway  and  get  off  at 
Crocker  Street. 

The  adjoining  town  of  Medford  is  but  a  short  walk  frorh  Somer- 
ville. It  is  six  miles  from  Boston  and  may  be  reached  by  trolley 
cars  from  the  Sullivan  Square  Terminal  of  the  Elevated  Railway. 
On  Main  Street,  between  George  and  Royall  Streets,  is  the  Royall 
House,  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  colonial  architecture  in  Greater 
Boston.  This  was  the  Ten  Hill  Farmhouse  of  Governor  Winthrop, 
the  residence  of  Colonel  Isaac  Royall,  and  the  headquarters  of  Gen- 
eral Stark.  In  the  yard  is  the  brick  building  used  as  slave  quarters. 
Open  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  from  2  p.m.  to  5  p.m.  Admission  25 
cents. 

The  Craddock  House,  on  Riverside  Avenue  on  the  way  to  East 
Medford,  was  supposed  for  many  years  to  be  the  original  house  built 
in  1634,  the  first  brick  house  in  the  colony.  This  house  must  have 
been  erected  long  before  1700,  even  if  it  is  not  the  original  structure. 


THE  NORTH  SHORE 

FOR  many  years  the  shores  of  Massachusetts  Bay  have  been 
made  use  of  as  summer  watering-places,  both  by  the  in- 
habitants of  Boston  and  the  surrounding  towns,  and  by 
people  from  a  distance  who  are  in  search  of  a  glimpse  of  old  ocean 
and  refreshing  sea  breezes.  Many  are  the  arguments  as  to  the  re- 
spective merits  of  the  North  and  the  South  Shores.  To  the  north 
are  woods  and  rocks  and  cool  breezes  from  off  the  water;  to  the 
south  are  sand,  stronger  winds,  and  a  more  equable  climate,  where 
it  is  possible  to  sit  on  the  piazza  during  the  evenings  unless, 
by  chance,  the  wind  fails  and  the  tireless  mosquito  puts  in  an 
appearance. 

The  North  Shore  extends  from  Cape  Ann,  where  the  city  of 
Gloucester  —  the  greatest  fishing  port  on  the  coast,  next  to  Boston, 
—  is  nestled  under  the  protection  of  Eastern  Point,  safe  from  the 
fury  of  Atlantic  storms,  up  to  the  city's  limits  at  Winthrop. 

Some  of  the  most  beautiful  and  elaborate  estates  in  the  world 
are  to  be  found  in  Beverly  Farms  and  Manchester,  on  the  northerly 
shore  of  Salem  Harbor.  Here  forest  and  ocean  meet  at  sandy 
beach  or  rocky  headland,  and  the  wealthy  Bostonian  travels  daily 
back  and  forth  between  his  place  of  business  and  his  home,  in  his 
steam  yacht  or  in  a  special  express  train. 

Nearer 'to  Boston  are  the  more  modest  summer  resorts  of  Marble- 
head,  Swampscott,  Lynn,  Nahant,  Revere,  and  Winthrop.  Lynn 
is  a  shoe  city  of  100,000  inhabitants,  approached  across  the  Saugus 
marshes.  Here  is  the  Lynn  Hospital,  at  212  Boston  Street,  of  136 
beds,  established  in  1880. 

In  Swampscott,  a  short  distance  beyond  Lynn  by  trolley,  is  the 
old  John  Humphrey  House,  supposed  to  have  been  built  in  1637, 
perhaps  earlier.  The  house  was  moved  only  recently  to  its  present 
location,  99  Paradise  Road,  from  Elmwood  Road,  where  it  stood 
next  to  an  elm  tree  of  great  age.  The  house  has  been  preserved 
by  the  Swampscott  Historical  Society.  John  Humphrey  was  an 
assistant  to  Governor  Winthrop.  The  original  situation  of  the 
building  is  marked  in  Winthrop's  handwriting  on  a  map  of 
Swampscott  now  in  the  British  Museum. 

Starting  for  Marblehead,  the  scene  of  the  Agnes  Surriage  romance, 
we  take  the  train  at  the  North  Station,  and  select  a  seat  on  the  right- 
hand  side  of  the  car,  raising  the  window.  Let  our  imagination  carry 
us  back  to  colonial  times,  before  the  days  of  the  "iron  horse."  Sir 
Harry  Frankland  is  speeding  northward  to  meet  his  love: 

138 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  139 

Make  way!  Sir  Harry's  coach  and  four, 

And  liveried  grooms  that  ride! 
They  cross  the  ferry,  touch  the  shore 

On  Winnisimmet's  side. 

They  hear  the  wash  on  Chelsea  Beach  — 

The  level  marsh  they  pass, 
Where  miles  on  miles  the  desert  reach 

Is  rough  with  bitter  grass. 

The  shining  horses  foam  and  pant, 

And  now  the  smells  begin 
Of  fishy  Swampscott,  salt  Nahant, 

And  leather-scented  Lynn. 

Next,  on  their  left,  the  slender  spires 

And  glittering  vanes,  that  crown 
The  home  of  Salem' s  frugal  sires, 

The  old,  witch-haunted  town. 

Marblehead  is  a  quaint  old  town,  situated  on  the  tip  of  the 
peninsula  which  forms  the  southern  boundary  of  Salem  Harbor. 
It  is  a  little  over  half  an  hour  from  Boston  by  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad.  The  town  was  settled  in  1629.  It  has  a  fine,  deep  har- 
bor, and  from  being  an  important  fishing  and  trading  port  has 
become  the  chief  yachting  rendezvous  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  Dur- 
ing the  Revolution,  Marblehead  furnished  over  twelve  hundred 
men  to  the  government  service.  Brigadier-General  John  Glover, 
one  of  the  bravest  and  most  distinguished  officers  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, who  died  in  1797,  is  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  on  the  hill  over- 
looking Marblehead  Harbor.  There  is  a  statue  of  General  Glover 
on  Commonwealth  Avenue  in  Boston. 

The  streets  of  Marblehead  are  no- 
torious  for   their   crookedness.     Ap- 
parently, every  man  built  his  house 
on    this    rocky   promontory  exactly 
where  he  pleased,  without  much  ref- 
erence to  his  neighbors,  so  that  while 
one  front  door  looks  squarely  upon 
the  street,  the  next  one  will  be  at  an    SBi^BMBBMpBB^BMK 
angle  of  ninety  degrees,  and  the  third          ST'  MICHAEL  s  CHURCH 
house  will  be  entered  from  the  rear.  MARBLEHEAD 

The  oldest  Episcopal  Church  in  New  England  is  St.  Michael's  (1714), 
a  modest  structure  hidden  away  in  a  nest  of  wooden  buildings,  not 


140 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


AGNES  SURRIAGE  WELL 


a  stone's  throw  from  the  electric 
cars,  which,  coming  from  Lynn  or 
Salem,  pass  through  the  center  of 
the  town. 

The  Colonel  Jeremiah  Lee  man- 
sion (1776),  No.  169  Washington 
Street,  with  its  old  colonial  stair- 
case, should  be  visited;  also  the 
birthplace  of  Elbridge  Gerry  (nearly 
opposite  the  North  Church),  a  signer 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
Governor  of  Massachusetts,  and 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 
The  well  of  the  Fountain  Inn,  where 
began  the  romance  of  Agnes  Sur- 
riage,  celebrated  by  Edwin  Lasseter 
Bynner  in  a  novel,  and  by  Dr. 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  in  a  poem, 
is  to  be  seen  at  a  point  only  a 
few  steps  from  the  terminus  of  the  electric-car  line.  During  the  war 
hydroplanes,  manufactured  at  the  Curtis  plant  in  Marblehead,  were 
tried  out  in  the  harbor  and  outside. 

The  Eastern  Yacht  Club,  with  ample  accommodations  for  its 
members,  has  its  house  and  landing  stage  on  the  Neck,  and  also 
the  Corinthian  Yacht  Club.  A  steam  ferry  connects  the  mainland 
with  the  Neck  and  also  a  good  road  across  the  causeway.  On  the 
town  side  of  the  harbor  the  Boston  Yacht  Club  has  a  house  and 
wharf.  Both  steam  and  electric  cars  connect  Marblehead  and 
Salem,  some  five  miles  apart. 

On  Lowell  Island,  off  the  tip  of  the 
Neck,  is  the  Children's  Island  Sani- 
tarium, established  in  1888  for  the 
care  of  children  with  bone  tuber- 
culosis and  for  convalescents.  It  has 
100  beds  and  is  open  every  summer. 
Salem,  fourteen  miles  to  the  north- 
east of  Boston,  on  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad,  was  settled  in  1626. 
From  Salem  came  John  Winthrop 
and  his  companions  to  the  founding 
of  Boston.  The  town  is  noted  for 
the  persecution  of  the  witches,  and 
Gallows  Hill,  where  nineteen  witches 


HAWTHORNE'S  BIRTHPLACE 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


141 


were  hanged,  is  one  of  the  chief  points  of  interest  to  the  tourist.  It 
is  on  Boston  Street,  and  is  approached  from  Hanson  Street.  Witch- 
craft documents  and  relics  may  be  seen  in  the  brick  Court  House 
on  Washington  Street,  facing  Federal  Street.  Salem  was  once  the 
chief  port  of  New  England,  and  controlled  all  the  East  India  trade. 

Nathaniel  Hawthorne  was  born  in  Salem,  and  his  birthplace  on 
Union  Street,  No.  27,  is  still  standing.  The  house  dates  from 
before  1693,  and  belonged  to  Hawthorne's  grandfather.  On  Turner 
Street  is  the  "  House  of  Seven  Gables,"  recently  restored  to  its 
original  condition. 

The  old  Custom  House,  on  Derby  Street,  is  the  one  in  which 
Hawthorne  served  as  surveyor  of  the  port  in  1846-1849.    On  the 
easterly   side    of    the   building, 
on  the  second  floor,  is  the  room 
in  which  his  fancy  evolved  the 
"Scarlet  Letter,"  and  in  another 
room  is  preserved  a  stencil  with 
which  he  marked  inspected  goods 
with  "N.  Hawthorne." 

The  Essex  Institute  at  132 
Essex  Street,  a  library  of  nearly 
100,000  volumes  and  a  museum 
of  historical  objects,  manu- 
scripts, and  portraits,  the  larg- 
est collection  of  its  kind  in  the  country,  should  be  visited.  Also 
the  Pickering  House,  No.  18  Broad  Street,  built  in  1649,  the  birth- 
place of  Timothy  Pickering,  soldier  and  statesman  of  the  Revolution 
and  member  of  Washington's  Cabinet. 

The  oldest  house  now  standing  in  Salem  is  the  Roger  Williams, 
or  Witch  House,  corner  of  Essex  and  North  Streets.  It  is  said  to 
have  been  the  home  of  Roger  Williams  from  1635-1636,  and  is  called 
the  witch  house  because  of  the  tradition  that  some  of  the  preliminary 
examinations  of  the  accused  persons  were  held  in  it.  The  Salem 
Hospital,  81  Highland  Avenue  was  established  in  1873.  It  is  an 
active  institution  of  104  beds. 

Gloucester,  settled  in  1623,  is  reached  by  steamer  from  Central 
Wharf  or  by  train  from  the  North  Station  (31  miles).  There  are 
many  old  houses  in  the  city  of  25,000  inhabitants;  the  fishing  in- 
dustry may  be  studied  at  close  hand,  and  "  Norman's  Woe  "  of 
Longfellow's  "Wreck  of  the  Hesperus"  is  off  the  shore  on  the  road 
to  Magnolia. 

Revere  Beach  is  a  part  of  the  Metropolitan  Park  System,  of 
which  Bostonians  are  justly  proud.  The  beach  is  nearly  three 


SALEM  CUSTOM   HOUSE 


142  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

miles  long  and  is  bordered  by  a  boulevard  connecting  it  with  the 
Middlesex  Fells  Parkway.  Along  the  boulevard  are  all  sorts  of 
amusement  enterprises,  dance  halls,  merry-go-rounds,  roller  coasters, 
and  little  shops. 

There  is  a  splendid  State  Bath-House  here,  which  is  managed 
under  modern  aseptic  methods,  and  is  open  to  the  public.  On  a 
hot  Sunday  as  many  as  100,000  persons  visit  the  beach. 

The  beach  is  reached  by  a  short  trip  over  the  Narrow  Gauge  or 
Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad,  which  skirts  the  shore  all 
the  way  from  East  Boston.  The  station  is  at  Rowe's  Wharf;  trains 
every  fifteen  minutes;  fare  ten  cents.  The  beach  may  also  be  reached 
by  trolley  cars  from  Scollay  Square  or  by  the  Boston  Revere  Beach 
&  Lynn  Railroad  from  Rowes  Wharf.  A  continuous  line  of  park- 
ways extends  from  Broadway,  Somerville,  to  the  beach,  for  the 
convenience  of  automobiles. 

The  Metropolitan  Park  System  at  the  present  time  comprises 
nearly  ten  thousand  acres  reserved  for  parks  and  one  hundred  miles 
of  parkways,  in  thirteen  cities  and  twenty-six  towns  of  the  Metro- 
politan District.  Some  of  these  reservations  are  under  the  control 
of  the  cities  and  towns  in  which  they  lie,  as  in  the  case  of  Boston, 
whose  Park  and  Recreation  Department  has  charge  of  the  Com- 
mon, Public  Garden,  Commonwealth  Avenue,  the  Fens,  Franklin 
Park,  Marine  Park,  and  other  city  open  spaces.  The  Metropolitan 
District  Commission  controls  fifteen  reservations,  including  the 
Blue  Hills,  Middlesex  Fells,  Charles  River,  Neponset  River,  Mystic 
River,  Revere,  Nahant  and  Nantasket  Beach  Reservations,  and 
Bunker  Hill  Monument. 


THE  SOUTH  SHORE 

THE   South   Shore   includes   the  country  from  Quincy  to 
Plymouth.    Beyond  Plymouth  is  Cape  Cod,  extending  to 
Provincetown.    The  resorts  along  the  shore  may  be  reached 
by  water  or  by  land  —  by  automobile,  steam  roads,  and  trolley. 
If  we  choose  the  land  route,  we  must  pass  through  Quincy,  and  this 
is  best  reached  by  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rail- 
road, from  the  South  Station. 

There  is  considerable  of  historic  interest  in  Quincy,  since  it  was 
the  birthplace,  home,  and  burial-place  of  two  early  Presidents  — 
John  Adams  and  his  son, 
John  Quincy  Adams. 

The  Quincy  quarries  are 
still  worked  and  furnish  a 
very  good  granite  in  large 
quantities,  although  at  the 
time  of  the  building  of  the 
Custom  House  in  Boston 
special  contracts  were  made 
with  the  granite  workers  that 
no  stone  should  be  taken 
out  for  other  use  until  that 
building  had  been  completed. 
Here  was  built  the  first  rail- 
way in  America,  in  1827,  to 
carry  the  granite  from  the  BIRTHPLACE  OF  JOHN  ADAMS 

quarries  to  tidewater.  A  portion  of  the  original  roadbed,  with  the 
iron-capped  granite  rails  and  a  stone  tablet,  may  be  seen  at 
the  crossing  of  the  Braintree  branch  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
&  Hartford  Railroad  by  Squantum  Street,  near  the  East  Milton 
Station. 

Opposite  the  Quincy  railroad  station  is  a  solidly  built  granite 
church,  the  First  Parish  Church  (Unitarian).  This  was  built  in 
1828,  to  carry  out  certain  provisions  in  the  will  of  John  Adams. 
He  left  granite  quarries  to  the  town,  and  ordered  a  "temple"  to  be 
built  to  receive  his  remains.  In  the  basement  are  the  tombs  of  the 
two  Presidents  and  their  wives.  The  sexton  shows  these  for  a 
small  fee.  In  the  old  burial  ground  near  at  hand  are  the  graves  of 
the  very  early  inhabitants:  of  John  Hancock,  father  of  the  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  of  several  of  the  Adams  and 
Quincy  families. 

143 


144  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

On  the  road  toward  Braintree,  at  the  corner  of  Independence 
Street  and  Franklin  Avenue,  are  two  very  old  houses,  belonging  now 
to  the  Quincy  Historical  Society,  the  gift  of  Charles  Francis  Adams. 
The  smaller  house,  the  older  of  the  two,  is  the  birthplace  of  John 
Adams,  the  other  that  of  his  son,  John  Quincy  Adams.  In  later 
years  the  Adamses  lived  on  Adams  Street,  the  road  to  East  Milton, 
at  the  corner  of  Neponset  Avenue.  The  Adams  mansion  was  the 
home  of  President  John  Adams  from  1787  until  his  death,  and  here 
the  President  celebrated  his  golden  wedding.  In  it  were  married 
his  son,  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  his  grandson,  Charles  Francis 

Adams,  United  States  min- 
ister to  England.  It  is  still 
occupied  by  descendants  of 
the  Adams  family. 

On  Hancock  Street,  facing 
Bridge  Street,  is  the  old 
Quincy  Mansion,  known  to 
us  through  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes's  poem,  "Dorothy 
Q."  The  poet's  mother  was 
a  granddaughter  of  "Doro- 
thy Q."  The  Quincy  City 
Hospital,  at  114  Whitwell 
Street,  was  established  in 
1890  and  has  80  beds. 

°»  the  outskirts  of 
Quincy  are  the  Fore  River 
Works,  where  many  ships  were  built  for  the  navy  during  the  recent 
war.  Beyond  Quincy,  the  way  lies  through  a  beautiful  country, 
and  some  of  the  many  towns  are  worth  more  than  a  mere  mention. 
Hingham  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  loveliest  towns  on  the  South 
Shore,  with  its  main  broad  avenue  bordered  by  superb  elms.  It 
was  the  home  of  Dr.  Ezekiel  Hersey,  who,  with  his  brother  Dr. 
Abner  Hersey  of  Barnstable,  established  the  Hersey  professorships 
of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  and  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic 
in  the  Harvard  Medical  School;  and  he  founded  Derby  Academy, 
which  still  stands,  one  of  the  oldest  secondary  schools  in  the 
country. 

On  an  elevation  just  south  of  the  latter  is  the  Old  Meeting-House, 
or  "  Old  Ship  Church,"  so  called  from  the  curious  curved  rafters 
which  support  the  roof.  Erected  in  1681  it  is  the  oldest  church 
building  now  in  use  in  the  United  States.  Behind  the  latter  is  the 
burial  ground  containing  the  Settlers  Monument,  erected  on  the 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  145 

site  of  the  old  fort  of  Indian  days,  as  well  as  monuments  to  John  A. 
Andrew,  the  war  governor  of  Massachusetts,  and  John  D.  Long, 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  and  Secretary  of  the  Navy  during  the 
Spanish-American  War. 

Immediately  behind  the  church  is  the  modern  Bell  Tower,  a  fresh 
bond  of  sentiment  between  Great  Britain  and  America,  not  only 
from  its  construction  and  purpose,  but  more  especially  because  it 
contains  the  mounting  block  from  the  town  square  in  Hingham  of 
Old  England. 

Nantasket  Beach  is  beyond  Hingham,  and  extends  toward  the 
entrance  of  Boston  Harbor.  It  is  one  of  the  longest  sand  beaches 
in  America  and  faces  the  open  ocean.  It  is  a  part  of  our  Metro- 
politan Park  System,  and  furnishes  an  ideal  beach  for  children  and 
adults.  The  bathing  here  is  excellent,  although  the  water  is  cold. 
There  is  a  state  bathhouse  as  at  Revere.  The  beach,  which  is  well 
worth  a  visit,  is  reached  best  by  steamer  from  Rowe's  Wharf.  The 
sail  through  Boston  Harbor  and  Quincy  Bay  is  full  of  interest. 

From  the  beach  along  the  shore  toward  Cohasset,  is  the  Jerusalem 
Road,  affording  a  magnificent  drive  by  the  ocean.  Looking  off  to 
sea  a  granite  lighthouse  is  seen  rising  straight  out  of  the  water. 
This  is  Minot's  Light,  a  light  of  second  order,  built  on  a  ledge  sub- 
merged at  high  tide,  and  in  the  pathway  of  steamers  rounding  Cape 
Cod.  Visitors  may  reach  the  lighthouse  by  boats  from  North  Scit- 
uate  Beach,  and  be  hoisted  in  a  basket  to  the  door  in  the  wall. 

Beyond  Cohasset  is  Scituate,  a  popular  summer  resort.  "The 
Old  Oaken  Bucket,"  a  song  dear  to  us  all,  was  written  here  by 
Samuel  Woodworth.  Note  throughout  the  South  Shore  the  old 
colonial  houses  still  preserved  in  this  region  with  enormous  central 
chimneys  and  ornamental  front  doors  with  fanlights. 

Coming  to  Marshfield  we  may  see  the  country  home  of  Daniel 
Webster,  and  his  tomb  with  the  epitaph  dictated  by  Webster  him- 
self in  the  small  graveyard  in  the  rear  of  the  house.  We  are  now  in 
close  proximity  to  old  Plymouth  settlement,  and  find  many  inter- 
esting historical  landmarks.  In  Duxbury  are  the  supposed  burial 
places  of  Myles  Standish  and  of  Elder  Brewster  and  the  Aldens. 
The  Governor  Winslow  House,  which  has  recently  been  restored, 
is  worthy  of  a  brief  visit.  The  Standish  Monument  on  Captain's 
Hill  is  a  landmark  for  the  country  around.  Begun  in  1872,  the 
monument  was  not  finished  until  1909;  the  memorial  tablets  were 
put  in  place  last  summer.  The  hill  is  a  part  of  the  farm  occupied 
by  Myles  Standish  and  his  family  in  1630  and  after. 

Plymouth  is  reached  by  train  from  the  South  Station  and  by  boat 
from  Rowe's  Wharf. 


146 


AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


When  the  reader  visits  this  ancient  town,  the  first  permanent 
settlement  in  New  England,  let  him  reverently  honor  those  who  in 
1620  landed  here,  in  winter,  and  fought  a  desperate  fight  against 
disease,  great  privations,  and  hardships,  that  they  might  worship 
God  according  to  their  own  beliefs.  John  Robinson,  their  pastor, 
wrote  from  Holland  on  Christmas  Day,  1617:  "It  is  not  with  us  as 
with  other  men  whom  small  things  can  discourage,  or  small  discon- 
tentments make  them  wish  themselves  at  home  again."  The  three- 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  was  celebrated 
en  December  21  of  last  year.  To  commemorate  the  event  marked 


PLYMOUTH  ROCK,  THE  CORNER  STONE  OF  A  NATION,  BEING  RESTORED 
TO  ITS  ORIGINAL  LOCATION  BY  THE  STATE  TERCENTENARY  COMMISSION 

changes,  especially  along  the  water  front,  have  been  carried  out, 
thanks  to  the  generosity  of  the  National  and  State  Governments, 
the  Pilgrim  Society,  the  Society  of  Mayflower  Descendants,  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  various. other  patriotic 
societies  and  individuals. 

The  disfiguring  wharves  along  the  water  front  have  been  removed, 
and  the  land  extending  over  Cole's  Hill,  the  site  of  the  first  houses, 
has  been  transformed  into  a  wooded  park,  similar  to  the  topography 
of  the  region  in  1620.  The  rock  itself  on  which  our  forefathers 
landed  to  build  their  first  permanent  homes  has  been  lowered  to  its 
original  position,  so  that  this  historic  scene  may  be  more  easily 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


147 


visualized.  The  memorial  at  the  rock  serves  as  a  protection  of  this 
ancient  landmark  and  testifies  the  appreciation  of  the  American 
people  of  the  twentieth  century  for  the  followers  of  Bradford.  The 
latter  wrote  in  1620: 

"But  that  which  was  most  sadd  and  lamentable  was,  that  in  2  or  3 
months  time  halfe  of  their  company  dyed,  espetialy  in  Jan.  and  Feb- 
ruary, being  ye  depth  of  winter,  and  wanting  houses  and  other  com- 
forts; being  infected  with  ye  scurvie  and  other  diseases,  which  this  long 
viooge  and  their  inacomodate  condition  had  brought  upon  them;  so  as 
there  dyed  some  times  2  or  3  of  a  daye  in  ye  foresaid  time:  that  of  100 
and  odd  persons  scarce  50  remained." 

In  the  quaint  spelling  of  the  time,  he  describes  how  the  seven 
well  and  sound  persons  administered  unto  the  sick.  They 

"  spared  no  pains,  night  or  day,  but  with  abundance  of  toyle  and  hazard 
of  their  own  health,  fetched  them  woode,  made  them  fires,  drest  them 
meat,  made  their  beads,  washed  their  lothsome  cloaths,  cloathed  and 
uncloathed  them.  —  Tow  of  these  7  were  Mr.  William  Brewster,  their 
reverend  elder,  and  Myles 
Standish  their  captain  and 
military  commander. — And 
I  doute  not  but  their  recom- 
pense is  with  ye  Lord." 

Toward  the  center  of  the 
town  is  Pilgrim  Hall,  the 
repository  of  the  Pilgrim 
antiquities.  Here  are  the 
Elder  Brewster  and  Gov- 
ernor Carver  chairs,  the 
Peregrine  White  cradle, 
the  sword  of  Myles  Stand- 
ish, and  many  other  ob- 
jects of  interest.  Across  the 
street  is  the  County  Court 
House,  where  the  original 
records,  deeds,  and  wills  of 
the  Pilgrims  are  preserved 
and  can  be  seen. 

Leyden  Street  leads  to 
Burial  Hill,  where  are  many 
graves  of  the  early  settlers, 
among  them  those  of  Gov- 
ernor Bradford  and  John 
Rowland,  and  here  the  old  Powder  Magazine  recently  has  been 
restored.  Here  were  the  first  forts  for  protection  against  the 


NATIONAL   MONUMENT   TO   THE 
FOREFATHERS 


148  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Indians.  South  of  Burial  Hill  is  Watson's  Hill,  where  in  March  of 
1620  the  Indian  Samoset  "came  loudly  amongst  them  and  spoke 
to  them  hi  broken  English,  which  they  could  all  understand,  but 
marvelled  at  it."  A  few  days  later  he  appeared  again  with  Squanto 
and  the  great  Sachem  Massasoit,  and  from  this  meeting  resulted  a 
compact  of  peace  which  Bradford  mentions  as  existing  twenty-four 
years  later. 

At  the  extreme  north  of  the  town  is  the  National  Monument  to 
the  forefathers,  built  on  a  hill  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  harbor 
and  town. 

Beyond  Plymouth  are  the  Cape  towns,  well-known  summer  re- 
sorts. At  the  end  of  Cape  Cod  is  Provincetown,  prominent  in  the 
fishing  industries  of  Massachusetts.  This  spot  at  which  the  Pil- 
grims landed  on  their  way  to  Plymouth,  November  11,  1620,  has 
been  marked  by  appropriate  memorials  of  the  event.  The  Pilgrim 
Monument  containing  a  special  stone  given  by  each  state  in  the 
Union,  is  a  beacon  and  seamark,  the  monument  replacing  the  old 
church  steeples  in  pointing  out  the  tip  of  the  cape  to  the  mariner  from 
afar.  It  is  252  ^  feet  high  and  was  dedicated  by  President  Taft  in 
1910.  Provincetown  is  a  quaint  old  town  with  a  very  narrow  main 
street  along  the  water  front.  Toward  the  ocean  side  are  the  great 
sand  dunes,  Race  Point  Light,  and  numerous  life-saving  stations. 
The  waters  of  the  Cape  are  very  dangerous  with  strong  currents 
and  many  shoals  lashed  by  frequent  gales.  The  trip  to  Province- 
town  and  return  is  best  made  from  Otis  Wharf  by  steamer,  a  most 
delightful  sail  in  good  weather.  Between  Sagamore  and  Buzzards 
Bay  the  Cape  is  cut  by  a  canal  which  has  facilitated  shipping 
between  New  York  and  Boston. 


LEXINGTON  AND  CONCORD 


E'JNGTON   is  eleven  miles  from  Boston  on  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad,  and  divides  with  Concord  the  honors  of 
the  opening  scene  of  the  Revolution.     It  may  be  reached 
also  by  trolley  cars  from  Park  Street  via  Harvard  Square. 

On  April  19,  1775,  the  British  marched  to  destroy  the  military 
stores  gathered  by  the 
American  forces  at  Concord. 
They  passed  through  Arling- 
ton and  East  Lexington, 
where  there  are  several  in- 
teresting tablets  commem- 
orating events  of  the  day, 
and  entered  Lexington,  to 
meet  their  first  resistance. 

Now  a  town  of  six  thou- 
sand inhabitants,  in  1775 
not  more  than  eight  hun- 
dred people  lived  here.  At 
least  ten  of  the  houses  in 
existence  then  still  survive, 
and  are  marked  by  tablets. 

The  interest  in  Lexington 
centers  round  the  Common, 
where  the  plucky  minute- 
men  took  then*  stand  against 
more  than  eight  times  their 
number.  A  boulder,  mark- 
ing the  line  of  battle,  is 
inscribed  with  Captain 
Parker's  instruction  to  his 
men:  "Stand  your  ground. 
Don't  fire  unless  fired  upon;  but  if  they  mean  to  have  a  war, 
let  it  begin  here." 

Not  far  off  is  the  Buckman  Tavern,  where  the  minutemen  gath- 
ered on  the  morning  of  the  battle,  and  farther  south,  on  a  little  hill, 
is  the  belfry  in  which  hung  the  bell  that  summoned  them. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  Common  stands  a  beautiful  statue  of  Cap- 
tain John  Parker,  by  Kitson,  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  of  the 
monuments  about  Boston. 

In  1799  there  was  erected  on  the  west  side  of  the  Common  a 

149 


STATUE  OF  CAPTAIN  JOHN  PARKER 


150  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

granite  memorial  to  the  men  killed  in  the  battle  of  Lexington. 
Then*  bodies  lie  in  a  stone  vault  back  of  it. 

Across  the  street  and  behind  the  church,  one  finds  the  old  burying 
ground  of  the  town  with  some  quaint  tombstones.  Another  place 
of  great  interest  is  the  Hancock-Clark  house  on  Hancock  Street, 
where  Samuel  Adams  and  John  Hancock  were  sleeping  when  roused 
by  Paul  Revere.  This  house  contains  nearly  all  the  rich  collection 
of  the  Lexington  Historical  Society.  Other  interesting  places  in 
Lexington  are  marked  by  tablets  with  historical  data,  and  on  the 
road  to  Concord,  which  the  British  traveled,  there  are  two  or  three 
other  places  of  interest. 

Entering  Concord,  and  passing  for  the  time  the  literary  landmarks, 
one  comes  to  Monument  Square,  a  short  distance  from  the  Boston 
&  Maine  Railroad  station,  twenty  miles  from  Boston;  reached 

also  from  Lexington  by  trolley.  Just 
before  it  is  reached,  one  sees  the 
Wright  Tavern,  built  in  1747.  Here 
the  British  commander,  Major  Pit- 
cairn,  as  he  stirred  his  brandy  and 
water,  boasted  he  would  stir  the  blood 
of  the  Yankee  rebels.  From  the  hill 
nearly  opposite,  Pitcairn  watched  the 
A  battle  at  the  bridge. 
WRIGHT  TAVERN  From  th  Sauare  a  sign  points  th 

way  up  Monument  Street  to  the  Battle-Ground.  Turning  into  a 
lane,  with  dark  pines  on  either  side,  one  comes  to  the  monument 
to  the  unknown  British  dead,  which  marks  the  site  of  the  conflict. 
The  setting  is  particularly  impressive,  and  as  he  crosses  "the  rude 
bridge  that  arched  the  flood,"  looks  at  French's  statue  of  the  brave 
young  minuteman,  and  reads  the  inscription  on  the  monument,  no 
American  can  fail  to  be  moved. 

Following  the  retreat  of  the  British  a  mile  or  so  on  the  Lexington 
road,  to  Merriam's  Corners,  one  sees  the  place  where  the  enemy 
were  attacked  by  the  farmers  and  townspeople,  and  fled  in  confusion. 
Starting  again  from  the  Common  and  going  up  Lexington  Road, 
one  sees  first  the  beautiful  Unitarian  Church,  built  on  the  same  lines 
as  the  former  church,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1900.  In  a 
still  older  church,  on  the  same  site,  the  Provincial  Congress  met  in 
1774. 

Across  the  street,  a  little  way  beyond,  is  the  house  of  the  Concord 
Antiquarian  Society,  and  farther  on  the  right  is  Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 
son's house,  still  occupied  by  his  daughter.  About  a  half  mile 
farther,  on  the  left,  is  a  brown  house  with  a  curious  building  on  one 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON 


151 


side.    This  is  the  "  Orchard  House,"  one  of  the  homes  of  the  Alcotts, 
and  in  the  little  building  the  "  Concord  School  of  Philosophy  "  met. 
The  "  Wayside,"  just  beyond,  was  at  different  times  the  home  of 
the  Alcotts  and  Hawthorne. 
The  next  house  to  the  Way-    • 
side  is  the  home  of  Ephraim 
Bull,  who  developed  from 
the  wild  grape  the  delicious 
and  widely  cultivated  Con- 
cord grape. 

Returning  to  the  Square, 
one  sees  on  the  left  the  Hill- 
side Burying  Ground,  old 
and  quaint,  but  not  equaling 
in  interest  the  beautiful 
Sleepy  Hollow  Cemetery,  a 
short  distance  away  on  Bed- 
ford Street,  where  rest  Em- 
erson, Hawthorne,  Thoreau, 
Louisa  Alcott  and  her 
father,  and  many  members 
of  the  distinguished  Hoar 
family. 

Many  other  places  in 
Concord  are  worth  seeing 
— The  Old  Manse,  near  the 
Minuteman,  where  Haw- 
thorne lived  and  wrote 
'  'Mosses  from  an  Old 
Manse  " ;  the  Public  Library 

'  J  By  the  rude  bridge  (hat  arched  the  flood, 

and  Peter  Bulkeley  S  house  Their  flay  to  April's  breeze  unfurled, 

amnntr    thprn        Thp   villa  o-p  Here  once  the  embattled  farmers  stood, 
among    tnem.             e  Village  And  flred  the  shot  heard  round  the  world. 

has  been  called  the  most 

interesting  one  in  America,  and  its  natural  beauties  of  meadow  and 

river  and  peaceful  village  streets  would  alone  justify  a  visit. 

The  New  England  Deaconess  Association  (Methodist)  of  Boston 
maintains  here  a  cottage  hospital  of  25  beds  to  serve  the  surrounding 
territory.  It  is  between  Concord  and  Concord  Junction,  just  off 
the  car  line,  on  the  old  "nine  acre  road." 


N.  L.  Stettins,  Photo. 

MINUTE-MAN,  CONCORD 


POINTS  OF  INTEREST  REACHED   BY  THE 
BOSTON  ELEVATED  RAILWAY 

THE  transportation  system  of  Boston  subway,  surface,  and 
elevated  lines,  is  practically  under  the  control  of  the  Boston 
Elevated  Company.    Although  the  fare  is  ten  cents,  free 
transfers  are  distributed  for  use  between  the  different  lines.    It  is, 
therefore,  rarely  necessary  to  pay  more  than  a  single  fare  to  ride 
between  points  in  this  company's  territory,  which  includes  about 
one  hundred  square  miles.     Transfers  are  given  only  on  request,, 
when  one  enters  the  car. 

The  Bay  State  Street  Railway  system  connects  with  the  Elevated 
system  at  many  of  the  suburban  points. 

The  arrangement  of  the  subway  and  elevated  lines  has  been 
described  under  the  chapter  "How  to  Find  the  Way  about  the 
City." 

Near  Park  Street  Subway  Station. 

Boston  Common. 
Park  Street  Church. 
Robert  Gould  Shaw  Memorial. 
!    State  House. 

Granary  Burying  Ground. 

King's  Chapel. 

King's  Chapel  Burying  Ground. 

Near  Adams  Square  Subway  Station  (or  Milk  and  State 
Tunnel  Stations). 

Faneuil  Hall. 
Quincy  Market. 
Old  State  House. 
Old  South  Church. 
Stock  Exchange. 
City  Hall. 

Near  Battery  Street  Elevated  Station. 

Christ  Church. 
Paul  Revere's  House. 
Copp's  Hill  Burying  Ground. 
Constitution  Wharf. 

152 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  153 

Back  Bay.  Reached  by  South  Huntington  Avenue  or  Huntington 
Avenue  cars  from  Park  Street  Subway. 

1.  Copley  Square. 

Museum  of  Natural  History. 
Trinity  Church. 
Public  Library. 
Copley-Plaza  Hotel. 
New  Old  South  Church. 
Boston  University.. 

2.  Huntington  Avenue  and  The  Fenway. 

Mechanics  Building. 

Christian  Science  Church. 

Horticultural  Hall. 

Symphony  Hall. 

New  England  Conservatory  of  Music. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Tufts  College  Medical  and  Dental  Schools. 

Forsyth  Dental  Infirmary  for  Children. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts. 

Simmons  College. 

Gardner  Museum  of  Art.c,. 

3.  Medical  Section. 

Harvard  Medical  School. 

Harvard  Dental  School. 

Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital. 

Peter  Bent  Brigham  Hospital. 

Robert  Breck  Brigham  Hospital. 

Elks'  Reconstruction  Hospital. 

Children's  Hospital. 

Infants'  Hospital. 

Carnegie  Nutrition  Laboratory. 

House  of  the  Good  Samaritan. 

Angell  Memorial  (Animal)  Hospital. 

Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy. 

Psychopathic  Hospital. 

West  End.  Reached  by  Charles  Street  surface  cars  from  Copley 
Square  or  Arlington  Street  Subway  Station,  or  from  Scollay 
Square  Under. 

Massachusetts  General  Hospital. 
Charlesbank. 


154  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. 
Boston  Lying-in  Hospital. 
Louisburg  Square. 

South  End.    Reached  by  elevated  trains  to  Northampton  Street, 
or  by  south-bound  surface  cars  on  Massachusetts  Avenue. 
Boston  City  Hospital. 

Boston  City  Hospital  Contagious  Department. 
Massachusetts  Homeopathic  Hospital. 
Boston  University  Medical  School. 

South  Boston.    Reached  by  subway  trains  from  Park  Street  Under 
to  Broadway  Station. 
Carney  Hospital. 
Dorchester  Heights. 
Marine  Park. 

Charlestown.   Reached  by  elevated  trains  to  City  Square. 
Bunker  Hill  Monument. 
United  States  Navy  Yard. 

From  Sullivan  Square  Elevated  Terminal. 

Prospect  Hill  )  0  ... 

™.j  r>      j     TT          f  bomerville. 
Old  Powder  House  ) 

Tufts  College        1 
Royall  House        >•  Medford. 
Craddock  House  ) 
Middlesex  Fells  Reservation. 

Brookline.    Reached    by    Huntington   Avenue    cars    from    Park 
Street  Subway. 

Free  Hospital  for  Women. 

Hospitals  on  Corey  Hill.    Reached  by  Beacon  Street  or 
Commonwealth  Avenue  cars  from  Park  Street  Subway. 

Cambridge.    Reached  by  Harvard  Square  subway  cars  from  Park 
Street  Under  or  surface  cars  from  Massachusetts  Station. 
Harvard  University. 
Washington  Elm. 
Longfellow  House. 
Lowell  House. 
Mt.  Auburn  Cemetery. 
Stadium  and  Soldiers'  Field. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  155 

Dorchester.    Reached   by  tunnel  from   Park   Street   Under    to 
Andrew  Square  Station. 
Old  Blake  House. 
Meeting-House  Hill. 
Dorchester  North  Burying  Ground. 

Forest  Hills.    Reached  by  south-bound  elevated  trains  to  Forest 
Hills  Station. 

Bussey  Institution. 

Arnold  Arboretum. 
By  Mattapan  surface  cars  from  Egleston  Square  Station : 

Boston  State  Hospital. 

Consumptives'  Hospital  Department. 

Roxbury.    Reached  by  surface  cars  from  Dudley  Street  Terminal. 
Franklin  Park. 
Roxbury  High  Fort. 
Parting  Stone. 

Jamaica  Plain.     Reached  by  Jamaica  Plain  cars  from  Park  Street 
Subway. 

Jamaica  Pond  Parkway. 
Faulkner  Hospital. 
Adams  Nervine  Asylum 


M 


SIGHT-SEEING  TOURS 

OTOR  tours  are  conducted  by  three  companies  to  the  fol- 
lowing places: 

Historic  Boston  and  Bunker  Hill. 

Residential  Boston,  Brookline,  and  Cambridge. 

Lexington  and  Concord. 

Salem  and  Marblehead. 

Plymouth  and  the  South  Shore. 

Gloucester  and  the  North  Shore. 

Newton  and  Wellesley. 

The  starting  places  are  as  follows: 

Royal  Blue  Line :  Hotel  Brunswick,  cor.  Boylston  and  Clarendon 

Streets. 

Colonial  Sight-Seeing  Tours :  Park  Square. 
Rockett  Tours :  Park  Square. 


156 


SOME  BOSTON  CHURCHES 

Arlington    Street    Church    (Unitarian),    Arlington    and    Boylston 

Streets,  Back  Bay. 

Bulfinch  Place  Church  (Unitarian),  Bulfinch  Place,  West  End. 
Brighton   Evangelical    Congregational    Church,    Washington    cor. 

Dighton  Street,  Brighton. 
Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross  (Roman  Catholic),  Washington  and 

Maiden  Streets,  South  End. 
Central  Congregational  Church,  Elm  cor.  Seaverns  Ave.,  Jamaica 

Plain. 
Central  Church  (Congregational),  Berkeley  and  Newbury  Streets, 

Back  Bay. 

Channing   Church    (Unitarian),   275   East   Cottage   Street,   Dor- 
chester. 
Christ  Church  (Protestant  Episcopal),  Salem  Street,  North  End 

(The  "Old  North  Church"). 
Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help  (Roman  Catholic),  1545 

Tremont  Street,  Roxbury. 
Church  of  Our  Saviour    (Protestant  Episcopal),   Albano   Street, 

Roslindale. 
Church  of  the  Advent  (Protestant  Episcopal),  30  Brimmer  Street, 

West  End. 
Church  of   the   Disciples    (Unitarian),   Peterborough   and   Jersey 

Streets,  Back  Bay. 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  (German  Roman  Catholic),  140  Shaw- 

mut  Avenue,  South  End. 
Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  (Roman  Catholic),  Harrison 

Avenue  and  East  Concord  Street,  South  End. 
Church  of  the  Messiah  (Protestant  Episcopal),  St.  Stephen  and 

Gainsborough  Streets,  Back  Bay. 
Church  of  the  New  Jerusalem  (Swedenborgian),  136  Bowdoin  Street, 

West  End. 
Clarendon  Street  Church  (Baptist),  Clarendon  and  Montgomery 

Streets,  South  End. 
Dorchester    Second    Church    (Congregational),    Codman    Square, 

Dorchester. 

Dudley  Street  Baptist  Church,  139  Dudley  Street,  Roxbury. 
Eliot  Church  of  Roxbury  (Congregational),  30  Kenilworth  Street, 

Roxbury. 
Emmanuel   Church  (Protestant   Episcopal),   15   Newbury  Street, 

Back  Bay. 

157 


158  AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Emmanuel  Church,  Stratford  cor.  Clement  Avenue,  West  Roxbury. 
First   Baptist   Church,    Commonwealth    Avenue    cor.    Clarendon 

Street,  Back  Bay. 

First  Baptist  Church  in  Dorchester,  423  Ashmont  Street. 
First  Church  (Methodist  Episcopal),  Temple  Street,  West  End. 
First  Church  in  Boston  (Unitarian),  cor.  Berkeley  and  Marlbo- 

rough  Streets,  Back  Bay. 
First  Church  of  Christ  Scientist,  Falmouth,  Norway,  and  St.  Paul 

Streets,  Back  Bay. 
First  Congregational  Society  (Unitarian),  Eliot  and  Centre  Streets, 

Jamaica  Plain. 

First  Parish  Church  in  Dorchester  (Unitarian),  Meeting-House  Hill. 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  Berkeley  Street  and  Columbus  Avenue, 

South  End. 

First  Religious  Society  (Unitarian),  Eliot  Square,  Roxbury. 
Friends'  Meeting  House,  210  Townsend  Street,  Roxbury. 
Immanuel    Walnut    Avenue    Church     (Congregational),    Walnut 

Avenue  and  Dale  Street,  Roxbury. 

Kenesseth  Israel  (Jewish),  15  Emerald  Street,  South  End. 
King's  Chapel  (Unitarian),  Tremont  and  School  Streets,  Central 

District. 

Mishkan  Tefila  (Jewish),  Moreland  cor.  Copeland  Street,  Roxbury. 
Mt.  Vernon  Church  (Congregational),  Beacon  Street  and  Massa- 
chusetts Avenue,  Back  Bay. 
Notre  Dame  des  Victoires  (French  Roman  Catholic),  25  Isabella 

Street,  South  End. 
Old   South   Church    (Congregational),   Dartmouth   and   Boylston 

Streets,  Back  Bay. 
Park  Street  Church  (Congregational),  Tremont  and  Park  Streets, 

Central  District. 
People's  Temple   (Methodist  Episcopal),  Columbus  Avenue  and 

Berkeley  Street,  South  End. 
Ruggles  Street  Baptist  Church,  163  Ruggles  Street,  Roxbury,  South 

End. 
St.  Cecilia's  (Roman  Catholic),  Belvidere  Street,  near  Massachusetts 

Station,  Back  Bay. 
St.  John  the  Evangelist  (Protestant  Episcopal),  35  Bowdoin  Street, 

West  End. 
St.  Leonard's  of  Port  Morris  (Italian  Roman  Catholic),  33  Prince 

Street,  North  End. 

St.  Mark's  (English  Lutheran),  29  Winthrop  Street,  Roxbury. 
Second  Church  in  Boston  (Unitarian),  Beacon  Street  and  Audubon 

Road,  Back  Bay. 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  159 

Shawmut  Church  (Congregational),  Tremont  and  Brookline  Streets, 
South  End. 

South  Congregational  Society  (Unitarian),  Newbury  and  Exeter 
Streets,  Back  Bay. 

Temple  Adath  Israel  (Jewish),  Commonwealth  Avenue  and  Bland- 
ford  Streets,  Back  Bay. 

Temple  Beth  El  (Jewish),  94  Fowler  Street,  Dorchester. 

The  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul  (Protestant  Episcopal),  136  Tremont 
Street,  Central  District. 

Tremont  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Tremont  and  West 
Concord  Streets,  South  End. 

Tremont  Temple  (Baptist),  88  Tremont  Street,  Central  District. 

Trinity  Church  (Protestant  Episcopal),  Copley  Square,  Back  Bay. 

Union  Church  (Congregational),  485  Columbus  Avenue,  South  End. 

Unity  Church  (Spiritualist),  Jordan  Hall,  Huntington  Ave.,  Back 
Bay. 


SOME  BOSTON  HOTELS 

Adams  House,  Washington  Street  near  Boylston  Street,  Central 

District. 

American  House,  Hanover  Street  near  Elm  Street,  North  End. 
Arlington,  Chandler  Street  at  Arlington  Square,  South  End. 
Avery,  24  Avery  Street,  Central  District. 
Bellevue,  Beacon  Street  near  Somerset  Street,  Central  District. 
Boston  Tavern,  347  Washington  Street,  Central  District. 
Brunswick,  Boylston  Street  at  Clarendon  Street,  Back  Bay. 
Buckminster,  645  Beacon  Street,  cor.  Brookline  Avenue,  Back  Bay. 
Clarendon,  Tremont  Street  near  Clarendon  Street,  South  End. 
Commonwealth,  86  Bowdoin  Street,  West  End. 
Copley-Plaza,  Copley  Square,  Back  Bay. 

Copley  Square,  Huntington  Avenue  and  Exeter  Street,  Back  Bay. 
Crawford  House,  Court  and  Brattle  Streets,  Scollay  Square,  Central 

District. 

Essex,  Dewey  Square,  opposite  South  Station,  Central  District. 
Fritz-Carlton,  1138  Boylston  Street,  near  Fenway,  Back  Bay. 
Garrison  Hall,  8  Garrison  Street,  off  Huntington  Avenue,  Back  Bay. 
Hemenway,  91  Westland  Avenue,  near  Fenway,  Back  Bay. 
Langham,  1697  Washington,  cor.  Worcester  Street,  South  End. 
Lenox,  Boylston  and  Exeter  Streets,  Back  Bay. 
Oxford,  46  Huntington  Avenue,  opposite  Exeter  Street,  Back  Bay. 
Parker  House,  School  and  Tremont  Streets,  Central  District. 
Plaza,  419  Columbus  Avenue,  South  End. 
Puritan,  390  Commonwealth  Avenue,  Back  Bay. 
Putnam's,  284  Huntington  Avenue,  Back  Bay. 
Quincy  House,  Brattle  Street  and  Brattle  Square,  Central  District. 
Savoy,  455  Columbus  Avenue,  South  End. 

Somerset,  Commonwealth  Avenue  and  Charlesgate  East,  Back  Bay. 
Touraine,  Boylston  and  Tremont  Streets,  Central  District. 
United  States  Hotel,  Beach,  Lincoln,  and  Kingston  Streets,  South 

End. 
Vendome,  Commonwealth  Avenue  and  Dartmouth  Streets,  Back 

Bay. 

Victoria,  Dartmouth  and  Newbury  Streets,  Back  Bay. 
Westminster,  Copley  Square,  Back  Bay. 
Young's,  Court  Street  and  Court  Square,  Central  District. 


160 


THEATERS 

Arlington,  421  Tremont  Street. 

Boston  Opera  House,  335  Huntington  Avenue. 

Colonial,  106  Boylston  Street,  near  Tremont  Street. 

Copley,  186  Dartmouth  Street,  opp.  Back  Bay  Station. 

Gaiety  (burlesque),  661  Washington  Street. 

Globe,  692  Washington  Street. 

Hollis  Street,  14  Hollis  Street  (between  Washington  and  Tremont). 

Keith's  (vaudeville),  547  Washington  Street  (also  an  entrance  at 

162  Tremont  Street). 

Orpheum  (vaudeville),  415  Washington  Street,  near  Winter  Street. 
Park  Square,  Park  Square,  cor.  Columbus  Avenue. 
Plymouth,  129  Eliot  Street,  near  Tremont  Street. 
St.  James  (vaudeville),  239  Huntington  Avenue,  near  Massachusetts 

Avenue. 

Shubert,  265  Tremont  Street,  near  Hollis  Street. 
Tremont,  176  Tremont  Street,  opposite  Boylston  Street  Subway. 
Waldron's  Casino  (burlesque),  44   Hanover   Street,  near  Scollay 

Square. 
Wilbur,  Ye,  250  Tremont  Street,  near  Eliot  Street. 


161 


MOVING-PICTURE  THEATERS 

Allston,  128  Brighton  Avenue,  Allston. 

Beacon,  47  Tremont  Street,  near  Beacon  Street. 

Boston,  539  Washington  Street,  near  West  Street. 

Exeter  Street,  Exeter  Street,  cor.  Newbury. 

Fenway,  136  Massachusetts  Avenue,  near  Boylston  Street. 

Gordon's  Olympia,  658  Washington  Street,  near  Boylston  Street. 

Majestic,  219  Tremont  Street,  near  Boylston  Street. 

Modern,  523  Washington  Street,  near  West  Street. 

Old  South,  329  Washington  Street. 

Olympic,  6  Bowdoin  Square. 

Park,  619  Washington  Street,  near  Boylston  Street. 

Scollay  Square  Olympia,  3  Tremont  Row  (near  Scollay  Square). 

Strand,  175  Huntington  Avenue  and  545  Columbia  Road,  Dorchester. 


162 


PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT 

Norumbega  Park,  consisting  of  a  zoological  garden,  open-air  theater, 
restaurant,  and  boat-house,  is  in  the  township  of  Newton  on  the 
bank  of  the  Charles  River,  at  Riverside.  The  canoeing  facilities 
are  excellent.  It  is  reached  by  trolley  cars  from  the  Park  Street 
Station  of  the  Subway,  or  by  steam  trains  from  South  Station  to 
Riverside. 

Revere  Beach:  Bathing,  amusement  enterprises,  and  ocean  view. 
Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad  at  Rowe's  Wharf, 
trains  every  fifteen  minutes.  Also  trolley  cars  from  Scollay 
Square  Subway. 

Nantasket  Beach:  Bathing,  ocean  view,  "Paragon  Park,"  shore 
dinners.  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad  from 
South  Station  to  Nantasket  Junction  and  thence  by  trolley;  or 
better  by  steamer  from  Rowe's  Wharf. 

National  League  Baseball  Grounds,  Braves  Field,  Commonwealth 
Avenue,  cars  from  Park  Street  Subway. 

American  League  Baseball  Grounds,  Fenway  Park,  cars  from  Park 
Street  Subway  to  Kenmore  Station,  also  Ipswich-Boylston  Street 
cars. 

Marine  Park,  South  Boston :  Restaurant,  view  of  harbor,  aquarium. 
Park  Street  Under  to  Broadway  Station,  change  to  City  Point 
surface  car.  Also  connections  with  Washington  Street  Subway. 

Franklin  Park:  Golf,  zoo,  a  beautiful  wooded  park.  Cars  from 
Egleston  Square  Station,  marked  Mattapan. 

Popular  Concerts:  "Pops,"  Symphony  Hall,  Huntington  and 
Massachusetts  Avenues,  8  p.m.,  daily  except  Sunday. 


163 


RESTAURANTS 

Acorn  Lunch  Room,  144  Tremont  Street  (Ladies). 
Cann's,  Boylston  Street,  near  Massachusetts  Avenue. 
Cann's  Sea  Grill,  Canal  Street,  near  North  Station. 
Child's,  269  and  607  Washington  Street;  92  Summer  Street. 
Colonial,  Shepard  Norwell  Co.,  Tremont  Street,  opp.  Park  Street 

Station. 

Cook's,  150  Boylston  Street. 
DeLuxe,  495  Washington  Street. 
Dupont,  40  West  Street. 

Durgin,  Park  &  Co.,  30  North  Market  Street,  near  Faneuil  Hall. 
Dutch  Room,  Hotel  Touraine,  cor.  Tremont  and  Boylston  Streets. 
Egyptian  Room,  Hotel  Brunswick,  cor.  Clarendon  and  Boylston 

Streets. 

English  Tea  Room,  160B  Tremont  Street;  42  Broad  Street  (Ladies). 
Filene's,  cor.  Washington  and  Summer  Streets. 
Gingerbread  Tea  Room,  172  Tremont  Street  (Ladies). 
Jones  and  Marshall,  28  Merchant's  Row,  near  Adams  Square. 
Joy  Young  and  Co.  (Chinese),  630  Washington  Street. 
Laboratory  Kitchen,  Inc.,  66  Kingston  Street;   243  Washington 

Street. 

Louis  (French),  15  Fayette  Court,  near  Washington  Street. 
Low  Hong  Joy  (Chinese),  8  Tyler  Street. 
Marston's,  121  Summer;  81  Devonshire;  1070  Boylston  Street. 
Mary  Elizabeth  Tea  Room,  cor.  Park  and  Tremont  Streets. 
Minerva  Cafe,  216  Huntington  Avenue. 
Nankin  (Chinese),  83  Harrison  Avenue. 
Napoli  Cafeteria,  286  Huntington  Avenue. 
New  England  Kitchen,  39A  Charles  Street. 
North  Station,  Causeway  Street. 
Pilgrim  Lunch,  33  West  Street;  25  Temple  Place;  55  Franklin  Street 

(Ladies). 

Priscilla,  305  Huntington  Avenue. 
Rathskeller,  American  House,  56  Hanover  Street. 
Santung  (Chinese),  241  Huntington  Avenue. 
Seville,  Boylston  Street,  near  Tremont. 

Shooshan's  Cafe,  146  Massachusetts  Avenue,  near  Boylston  Street. 
South  Station,  Dewey  Square. 
Thompson's  Spa,  219  Washington  Street. 

Woman's  Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  264  Boylston  Street 
(Ladies). 

164 


GUIDE  TO  BOSTON  165 

The  following  hotels  have  restaurants  of  excellent  quality: 

Adams  House,  553  Washington  Street,  also  entrance  on  Mason 

Street. 

Bellevue,  21  Beacon  Street. 
Copley  Plaza,  Copley  Square. 

Essex,  Atlantic  Avenue  and  Essex  Street  (near  South  Station). 
Lenox,  cor.  Boylston  and  Exeter  Streets. 
Parker  House,  60  School  Street,  cor.  Tremont  Street. 
Puritan,  390  Commonwealth  Avenue. 
Somerset,  400  Commonwealth  Avenue. 
Young's,  20  Court  Street  and  Court  Square. 


INDEX 


Page  numbers  in  heavy  type  indicate  the  chief  treatment 
of  a  subject,  the  other  figures  merely  where  it  is  mentioned. 


Adams,  John,  birthplace,  144; 
tomb,  143. 

Adams,  John  Quincy,  birthplace, 
144;  tomb,  143. 

Adams  Mansion  (Quincy),  144. 

Adams,  Samuel,  6;  home  of,  site, 
20;  statue,  30;  grave,  19. 

Adams  Square,  30. 

Adath  Israel,  Temple,  51. 

Advent,  Church  of  the,  98. 

Alcott,  Louisa,  grave,  151. 

Aldens,  burial  place,  145. 

Algonquin  Club,  51. 

American  Waltham  Watch  Com- 
pany, 128. 

Amusement,  places  of,  163. 

Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery 
Company,  31. 

Andrew,  John  A.,  monument,  145. 

Anesthesia,  Surgical,  history  of, 
87-92. 

Angell  Memorial  Hospital  for 
Animals,  75. 

"Appeal  to  the  Great  Spirit," 
statue,  60. 

Aquarium,  113. 

Arboretum,  Arnold,  121. 

Arena,  64. 

Arlington  Street  Church,  52. 

Armory,  Commonwealth,  51. 

Armory  of  First  Corps  Cadets,  47. 

Army  and  Navy  Monument,  22. 

Arsenal,  United  States  (Water- 
town),  128. 

Art  Club,  52. 


Athenaeum,  28. 
Athletic  Association,  57. 
Atlantic  Monthly,  office  of,  49. 
Attucks,      Crispus,      Monument, 

21. 
"AveryOak"  (Dedham),  123. 

B 

Baby  Hygiene  Association,  53. 
Back  Bay  District,  48-82. 
Back  Bay  Station,  11. 
Baptist  Hospital,  New  England, 

80. 

Basin,  Metropolitan  Park,  50. 
Beacon  Hill,  2;  the  Beacon,  27. 
Beacon  Street,  13,  49-50. 
Bell  Tower  (Hingham),  145. 
Beth  Israel  Hospital,  120. 
Bigelow,  Dr.  Henry  J.,  89,  90. 
Blackstone,  William,  1,  21. 
Blake  House,  "Ye  Olde,"  114. 
Boston,  a  city,  8. 
Boston  as  a  port,  10. 
Boston  churches,  157-159. 
Boston  College,  High  School,  45; 

Liberal  Arts  Department,  124. 
Boston  Common,  20. 
Boston,  divisions  of,  8. 
Boston  Harbor,  104-106. 
Boston  Health  Department,   17- 

18. 

Boston  hotels,  160. 
Boston  Library  (private),  52. 
Boston  Light  (history),  106. 
Boston  Lightship,  106. 
"Boston  Massacre,"  6,  21,  32. 
Boston  Port  Bill,  6. 


166 


INDEX 


167 


Boston  State  Hospital  (Insane 
Asylum),  115,  116. 

"Boston  Stone,"  100. 

"Boston  Tea  Party,"  6,  15. 

Boston  Theater,  21. 

Boston  University,  School  of 
Medicine,  46;  Liberal  Arts  De- 
partment, 53,  57. 

Bostonian  Society,  32. 

Bowditch,  Dr.  Henry  Ingersoll, 
site  of  house,  52. 

Boylston  Market,  22. 

Boylston  Street,  13,  52-58. 

Boylston,  Zabdiel,  5. 

Bradford,  Governor,  burial  place, 
147. 

Brattle  Square  Church,  7;  site  of, 
30. 

Brewer  Fountain,  21. 

Brewster,  Elder,  burial  place,  145; 
chair,  147. 

Brigham,  Peter  Bent,  Hospital, 
73-74. 

Brigham,  Robert  Breck,  Hospital, 
79-80. 

"Brook  Farm"  (West  Roxbury), 
123. 

Brookline,  124. 

Brookline  Board  of  Health  Hos- 
pital, 124. 

Brooks  Hospital,  125. 

Brooks,  Phillips,  statue,  54;  res- 
idence, 52;  grave,  135;  "Phillips 
Brooks  House"  (Cambridge), 
133. 

Buckman  Tavern  (Lexington), 
149. 

Bunker  Hill,  battle  of,  7;  Monu- 
ment, 109. 

Brunswick  Hotel,  53. 

Burial  Hill  (Plymouth),  147. 

Burns,  Robert,  statue,  60. 

Bussey  Institution,  121. 


Cambridge,  130-137. 

Cambridge  Bridge,  96. 

Cambridge  Hospital,  136. 

Cancer  Hospital,  Huntington,  76- 
77. 

Cape  Cod  Canal,  148. 

Cardinal's  office,  50. 

Carnegie  Nutrition  Laboratory. 
76. 

Carney  Hospital,  112. 

Carver,  Governor,  chair,  147-r"" 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross,  37 

Central  Burying  Ground,  22. 

Central  Church,  52. 

Central  or  Business  District, 
15-34. 

Channing  Home,  82. 

Channing,  William  Ellery,  statue, 
49. 

Charlesbank  Playground,  96. 

Charlesgate  Hospital,  132. 

Charles  Street,  14,  96-97. 

Charles  Street  Jail,  96. 

Charlestown  and  Chelsea,  107- 
109. 

Charlestown  Heights,  109. 

Charlestown  Navy  Yard,  107. 

Chauncy,  Charles,  4. 

Cheever,  Dr.  David  W.,  39. 

Chestnut  Hill  Reservoir,  124. 

Child,  Dr.  Robert,  3. 

Children's  Hospital,  77;  Con- 
valescent Home,  79. 

Children's  Island  Sanitarium. 
140. 

Children's  Museum,  121. 

Chilton  Club,  51. 

Christ  Church,  100-101. 

Christ  Church  (Cambridge),  134. 

Christian  Endeavor,  United  So- 
ciety of,  83. 


168 


INDEX 


Christian  Science  Church  and 
"Mother  Church,"  63. 

Churches,  some  Boston,  157-159. 

City  Club,  28. 

City  Hall  and  Annex,  17. 

City  Hospital,  37-45;  South  De- 
partment, 43;  Relief  Station, 
Haymarket  Square,  44;  East 
Boston,  45,  110;  Convalescent 
Home,  45,  115. 

City  Point,  113. 

Clark,  Dr.  John,  4. 

Codfish,  historic,  28. 

Cole's ^Hill  (Plymouth),  146. 
vCole's  Inn,  Samuel,  site  of,  16. 

Commonwealth  Avenue,  13,  50- 
51. 

Commonwealth  Docks,  104,  113. 

Community  Health  and  Tuber- 
culosis Demonstration  (Fram- 
ingham),  129. 

Concord,  150. 

Concord  Battle  Ground,  150. 

Concord  Cottage  Hospital,  151. 

Congregational  House,  28. 

Conservatory  of  Music,  64. 

"  Constitution,"  frigate,  108. 

Constitution  Wharf,  103. 

Consumptives'  Hospital  Depart- 
ment, 116. 

Copley-Plaza  Hotel,  54. 

Copley  Square,  53. 

Copp's  Hill  Burying  Ground,  102. 

Corey  Hill  Hospital,  125. 

Cornhill,  29. 

Cottage  Hospital  (Concord),  151. 

Cotton,  John,  site  of  house,  28. 

County  Court  House,  28;  (Plym- 
outh), 147. 

Craddock  House  (Medford),  137. 

Craigie  Bridge,  site  of,  96. 

Crippled     Children,     Industrial 
School  for,  64. 


Gushing  Hospital,  80. 
Custom  House,  33,  104. 


Daye,  Stephen,  site  of  house 
(Cambridge),  134. 

Deaconess  Hospital,  82. 

Dedham  Historical  Society,  123. 

Deer  Island,  105. 

Dental  Infirmary  for  Children, 
Forsyth,  60. 

Derby  Academy  (Hingham),  144. 

Des  Brisay  Hospital,  52. 

Disciples,  Church  of  the,  62. 

Dispensary,  Boston,  36. 

District  Nursing  Association,  36, 
45. 

Dock  Square,  2,  9,  30. 

Doctors'  Central  Telephone  Ex- 
change, 52. 

Dorchester,  114-116. 

Dorchester  North  Burying  Ground, 
114. 

Douglass,  Dr.  William,  5. 

Dry  Dock  at  South  Boston,  113. 

Duxbury,  145. 

E 

East  Boston,  3,  110-111. 

East  Boston  Tunnel,  110. 

Eastern  Yacht  Club  (Marble- 
head),  140. 

Elevated  Railway,  12,  13. 

Elevated  Railway,  points  of  in- 
terest reached  by,  152-155. 

Eliot  Burying  Ground  (Roxbury), 
118. 

Eliot  Hospital,  62. 

Eliot,  John,  117;  place  of  burial, 
118;  donated  land,  121;  site  of 
home,  119. 

Eliot  School  (Jamaica  Plain),  121. 

Elks'  Reconstruction  Hospital,  80. 


INDEX 


169 


"Emancipation    Group"    statue, 

46. 
Emerson  Hospital  (Jamaica  Plain), 

122. 
Emerson,    Ralph    Waldo,    house, 

150;  burial  place,  151. 
Emmanuel  Church,  52. 
English  High  School,  47. 
Esplanade,  50. 
Essex  Institute  (Salem),  141. 
Ether,  first  use  of  in  surgery,  87- 

92;  Monument,  48. 
Evans  Memorial  Building,  45. 
Everett,  Edward,  statue  of,  114; 

grave  of,  136. 
Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  95-96. 


Fairbanks  House  (Dedham),  123. 

Faneuil  Hall,  30. 

Faneuil,  Peter,  mansion,  site,  30; 
grave,  19. 

Farm  and  Trades  School  (Thomp- 
son's Island),  105. 

Farragut,  Admiral  David  G., 
statue  of,  113. 

Faulkner  Hospital,  122. 

Fenway,  58. 

Fenway  Court,  61. 

Ferry,  Charlestown,  2. 

Fires  in  Boston,  9;  great  fire  of 
1872,  15. 

Firmin,  Dr.  Giles,  4. 

First  African  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church,  98. 

First  Baptist  Church,  51. 

First  Baptist  meeting-house,  100. 

First  Church,  50. 

First  District  Writing  School, 
site,  29. 

First  Parish  Church  (Quincy),  143. 

Fish  Pier,  104,  113. 

Fishing  industry,  10. 


Floating  Hospital,  103-104. 

Ford  Memorial,  28. 

Forefathers'  Monument  (Plym- 
outh), 148. 

Fore  River  Works  (Quincy),  144. 

Forest  Hills  Cemetery,  120. 

Forsyth  Dental  Infirmary,  60. 

Fort  Hill,  3. 

Fort  Hill  Square,  15. 

Fort  Independence,  104,  113. 

Fowle,  Marshall  House  (Water- 
town),  128. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  9;  birthplace, 
site,  16;  statue,  17;  "Lighthouse 
Tragedy,"  106. 

Franklin,  James,  printing  office, 
site,  29;  grave  and  monument, 
19. 

Franklin  Park,  122. 

Franklin  Square  House,  37. 

Franklin  Union,  9,  47. 

Free  Home  for  Consumptives, 
115. 

Free  Hospital  for  Women,  126. 

Freshman     Dormitories     (Cam- 
bridge), 135. 

Frog  Pond,  9,  23. 

Frost,  Rufus  S.,  Hospital  (Chel- 
sea), 109. 

Fuller,  Dr.  Samuel,  4. 


Gallows  Hill  (Salem),  140. 

Gardner,  Mrs.  John  L.,  home  and 
museum,  61. 

Gerry,  Elbridge,  birthplace,  140. 

Girls'  High  School,  46. 

Girls'  Latin  and  Normal  Schools, 
62. 

Gloucester,  141. 

Gorges,  Robert,  1. 

Governor's  house,  site  of  (Charles- 
town),  107. 


170 


INDEX 


Granary  Burying  Ground,  19. 
"  Great  Elm  "  on  Boston  Common, 

22. 

Greater  Boston,  7-8. 
Green  Dragon  Tavern,  site  of,  99. 


Hale,  Edward  Everett,  statue  of, 
49;  his  church,  52. 

Hancock-Clark  House  (Lexing- 
ton), 150. 

Hancock,  John,  site  of  house,  23; 
grave  and  monument,  19. 

Harvard  Club  of  Boston,  51. 

Harvard  College  Yard,  132. 

Harvard  Dental  School,  74-75. 

Harvard,  John,  monument,  107; 
statue,  133. 

Harvard  Medical  School,  66-73; 
on  Longwood  Avenue,  72. 

Harvard  Square  (Cambridge),  132. 

Harvard  Stadium  (Cambridge), 
135. 

Hawthorne,  Nathaniel,  birthplace, 
141;  office,  141;  grave,  151. 

Haynes,  John  C.,  Hospital  for 
Contagious  Diseases,  125-126. 

Health,  Department  of  Public,  of 
Massachusetts,  24. 

Hersey,  Dr.  Abner,  144. 

Hersey,  Dr.  Ezekiel,  144. 

High  School  of  Commerce,  62. 

Hillside  Burying  Ground  (Con- 
cord), 151. 

Hingham,  144. 

Hoar,  Leonard,  4. 

Holmes,  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell,  4, 
36;  Hall,  portrait,  bust,  and 
library,  59;  site  of  offices  and 
dwellings,  52,  96;  partial  poems, 
117,  139. 

Holy  Ghost  Hospital  for  Incur- 
ables (Cambridge),  132. 


Home  for  Destitute  Roman 
Catholic  Children,  45. 

Home  for  Incurables, Boston  (Dor- 
chester), 115. 

Home  for  Little  Wanderers,  119. 

Horticultural  Hall,  63. 

Hotels,  some  Boston,  160;  restau- 
rants of,  165. 

House  of  Correction  (Deer  Island), 
105. 

"  House  of  Seven  Gables"  (Salem), 
141. 

House  of  the  Good  Samaritan, 
74. 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  118. 

Howard  Athenaeum,  29. 

Howland,  John,  burial  place,  147. 

Humphrey,  John,  House  (Swamp- 
scott),  138. 

Huntington  Avenue,  13. 

Huntington  Avenue  Station,  11. 

Huntington,  Collis  P.,  Memorial 
Hospital,  76-77. 

Hutchinson,  Anne,  4;  dwelling, 
site  of,  16. 


Immaculate  Conception,  Church 
of  the,  45. 

Independence  Monument  (Beacon 
Hill),  27. 

Infants'  Hospital,  79. 

Instructive  District  Nursing  Asso- 
ciation, 36,  45. 


Jackson  College  (Somerville),  137. 
Jamaica  Plain  and  West  Roxbury, 

121-123. 

Jamaica  Pond,  9,  121. 
Jerusalem  Road  (Cohasset),  145. 
Jones,  Margaret,  4. 
Jordan  Hall,  64. 


INDEX 


171 


King's      Chapel,      18;      Burying 
Ground,   18. 


Latin  School  house,  first,  site  of, 

17;  present,  47. 
Lee,     Col.     Jeremiah,     mansion 

(Marblehead),   140. 
Leif  Ericson,  statue,  51. 
Lexington,  149. 

Lexington  and  Concord,  149-151. 
Liberty  Tree,  22. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  statue,  46. 
Little  Office  Building,  22. 
Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,  114. 
Longfellow    House    (Cambridge), 

135. 

Long  Island  Hospital,  105. 
Long,  John  D.,  monument,  145. 
"Long  Path,  The,"  23. 
Long  Wharf,  33. 

Loring-Greenough  homestead,  121. 
Louisburg  Square,  97. 
Lowell,  James  Russell,  home  of, 

136;  grave  of,  136. 
L  Street  Public  Bath,  113. 
Lying-in  Hospital,  83-84;  South 

End  Branch,  37. 
Lynn  Hospital,  138. 

M 

McLean  Hospital,  94. 

McNary  Park,  113. 

Mann,    Horace,    statue    of,    27; 

School  for  the  Deaf,  52. 
Map  of  Old  Boston,  opp.  3 ;  Modern 

Boston,  opp.  176. 
Marblehead,  139. 
Marine  Hospital,  108-109. 
Marine  Park,  112. 
Maryborough  Street,  50. 


Marshall's  Lane,  99. 

Marshfield,  145. 

Martin  Luther  Orphans'  Home, 
123. 

"Mary  and  John,"  ship,  2.  106. 

Masonic  Temple,  22. 

Massachusetts  Avenue,  13. 

Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary,  95-96. 

Massachusetts  College  of  Phar- 
macy, 76. 

Massachusetts  General  Hospital, 
84-95. 

Massachusetts  Hall  (Cambridge), 
133. 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 
58. 

Massachusetts  Homeopathic  Hos- 
pital, 45;  Maternity  Depart- 
ment, 45;  Hospital  for  Conta- 
gious Diseases,  125-126. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology, 130-132. 

Massachusetts  Medical  Society, 
59-60. 

Massachusetts  Women's  Hospital, 
80. 

"Mathers,  Church  of  the,"  103. 

Mather,  Cotton,  5. 

Maverick  Dispensary,  110. 

Maverick,  Samuel,  3;  site  of  house, 
110. 

Mechanic  Arts  High  School,  58. 

Mechanics  Building,  62-63. 

Medford,  137. 

Medical  Baths,  57. 

Medical  Examiners,  Massachu- 
setts system  of,  42. 

Medical  Library,  58-59. 

Meeting-House  Hill  Church, 
114. 

Mental  Diseases,  Department  of, 
25-27. 


172 


INDEX 


Mental  Diseases,  Observation 
Hospital,  81-82. 

Metropolitan  District,  8. 

Metropolitan  Park  System,  142. 

"Mill  Dam,"  site  of,  50. 

Minot's  Ledge  Light,  145. 

Minute-Man  (Concord),  151. 

Mission  Church,  118. 

Morgan  Memorial  Chapel,  46. 

Morse,  S.  F.  B.,  9;  birthplace,  107. 

Morton,  Thomas,  1. 

Morton,  William  Thomas  Green, 
9,  87,  88. 

Mortuary,  Southern,  42;  North- 
ern, 95. 

Moving-Picture  Theaters,  162. 

Mt.  Auburn  Cemetery,  136. 

Mt.  Vernon  Church,  49. 

Mt.  Vernon  Street,  83,  97. 

Murray's  Barracks,  site  of,  30. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  60-61. 

"Music  Hall,"  old,  19. 

N 

Nantasket  Beach,  145. 

Natural  History  Society,  52. 

Naval  Hospital,  108. 

Navy  Yard,  107. 

Nervine  Asylum,  Adams,  122. 

Neuropsychiatric  Hospital,  U.  S. 

P.  H.  S.  No.  34,  116. 
Neuropsychiatric  Hospital,  U.  S. 

P.  H.  S.  No.  44,  123. 
Newbury  Street,  52. 
New    England    Antiquities,     So- 
ciety for  the  Preservation  of,  84. 
New   England   Baptist   Hospital, 

80. 
New    England    Conservatory    of 

Music,  64. 
New  England  Deaconess  Hospital, 

82;     Palmer     Memorial,     116. 

Cottage  Hospital,  51. 


New  England  Historic  Genealog- 
ical Society,  building,  28. 

New  England  Hospital  for  Women 
and  Children,  120. 

New  Old  South  Church,  57. 

Newspaper  Row,  16. 

Newton  Hospital,  128. 

Niles  Building,  17. 

Norman's  Woe  (Gloucester),  141. 

North  End  and  Boston  Harbor, 
99-106. 

North  Shore,  138-142. 

North  Square,  102,  103. 

North  Station,  11. 

Notre  Dame  Academy,  62. 

Nursery  for  Blind  Babies,  119. 


Odd  Fellows  Hall,  47. 

Old  Colonial  houses  (South  Shore), 

145. 
Old  Corner    Bookstore  Building, 

16. 

Old  Court  House,  site,  17. 
Old  Custom  House,  33. 
Old  Dorchester  Mile  Stone,  114. 
Old  Fairbanks  House  (Dedham), 

123. 

" Old  Manse  "  (Concord),  151. 
"Old    North    Church,"    6,    100- 

101 ;  First  "Old  North  Church" 

(Second  Church),  103. 
"Old  Oaken  Bucket"  (Scituate), 

145. 
Old  Powder  House   (Somerville), 

137;  Magazine  (Plymouth),  147. 
"Old  Ship  Church"   (Hingham), 

144. 

Old  South  Meeting-House,  16. 
"Old  State  House,"  31. 
Old  West  Church,  84. 
Opera  House,  64. 
"Orchard  House"  (Concord),  151. 


INDEX 


173 


O'Reilly,  John  Boyle,  statue,  58. 
Otis,  Harrison  Gray,  House,  84. 
Otis,  James,  6. 


"Paddock  elms,"  21. 

Palmer,  Edward,  3. 

Palmer  Memorial  Hospital,  116. 

Parade  Ground,  20. 

Park  Street,  11. 

Park  Street  Church,  19. 

Parker,  Captain  John,  statue 
(Lexington),  149. 

Parker  Hill,  119. 

Parker  House,  hotel,  18. 

Parker,  Theodore,  statue,  122. 

Parkman,  Francis,  estate  of  and 
monument,  121. 

Parkman,  George,  band  stand,  23. 

Parting  Stone,  118. 

Peabody  Home  for  Crippled  Chil- 
dren, 116. 

People's  Forum,  46. 

People's  Palace  of  the  Salvation 
Army,  37. 

People's  Temple,  47. 

Pemberton  Square,  28. 

Perkins  Institution  and  Massa- 
chusetts School  for  the  Blind, 
128. 

Pharmacy,  Massachusetts  Col- 
lege of,  76. 

Phillips,  Wendell,  statue  of,  49. 

Phips  House,  102. 

Phipps  Street  Burying  Ground, 
107. 

Pickering  House  (Salem),  141. 

Pilgrim  Hall  and  Monument 
(Plymouth),  147. 

Pilgrim  Monument  (Province- 
town),  148. 

Places  of  Amusement,  163, 

Plymouth,  145-148. 


Plymouth  Rock,  146. 
Pormort,  Philemon,  3. 
"  Port  Bill,"  Boston,  6. 
Post  Office,  15. 

Prescott,  William,  statue,  109. 
Prospect  Hill  (Somerville),  137. 
Province  House,  wall  of,  17. 
Provincetown,  148. 
Psychopathic  Hospital,  81-82. 
Public  Garden,  48. 
Public  Library,  54-57. 
Puritan  Hotel,  51. 


Quaker  Meeting-House,  site,  30. 
Quarantine  Hospital  (Gallop's  Is- 
land), 105. 
Quincy,  143. 

Quincy  City  Hospital,  144. 
Quincy,  Dorothy,  house,  144. 
Quincy  House,  hotel,  30. 
Quincy,  Josiah,  statue,  17. 
Quincy  Mansion,  144. 
Quincy  Market,  31. 


Race  Point  Light,  148. 

Radcliffe  College,  134. 

Railway,  first  in  America,  10,  143. 

Registration  in  Medicine,  Board 
of,  24. 

Restaurants,  164-165. 

Revere  Beach,  141-142. 

Revere,  Paul,  chairman  Board  of 
Health,  17;  home  of,  102; 
"ride  of,"  6,  101;  president  of 
Massachusetts  Charitable  Me- 
chanic Association,  63;  grave, 
19. 

Revolution,  American,  5,  6,  7. 

Roxbury,  117-120. 

Roxbury  High  Fort,  118. 

Roxbury  Latin  School,  119. 


174 


INDEX 


Royal  Exchange  Tavern,  site  of, 

33. 

Royall  House  (Medford),  137. 
Ruggles  Street  Baptist  Church,  46. 

S 

St.  Botolph  Club,  52. 

St.  Cecilia's  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  58. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  127. 

St.  Luke's  Home  for  Convales- 
cents, 118. 

St.  Margaret,  Sisters  of,  97. 

St.  Margaret's  Maternity  Hos- 
pital, 115. 

St.  Mary's  Infant  Asylum,  115. 

St.  Michael's  Church  (Marble- 
head),  139. 

St.  Monica's  Home,  118. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  21. 

St.  Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum,  46. 

Salem,  140. 

Salem  Hospital,  141. 

Salvation  Army,  People's  Palace, 
37;  Maternity  Hospital,  37; 
Hospital  and  Dispensary,  120. 

Scituate,  145. 

Scollay  Square,  29;  Station,  13. 

Second  Church,  "Church  of  the 
Mathers,"  103. 

Sentry  Hill,  2. 

'  Settlers  Monument  (Hingham), 
144. 

Sewerage  System  of  Boston,  106. 

Sharon  Sanatorium,  116. 

Shaw  Memorial,  23. 

Shawmutt,  1. 

Ship  Tavern,  site  of,  16. 

Siege  of  Boston,  7. 

Sight-Seeing  Tours,  156. 

Simmons  College,  61-62. 

Sleepy  Hollow  Cemetery  (Con- 
cord), 151. 


Smallpox  Hospital,  46. 

Smith,  Rev.  Samuel  F.,  site  of 
birthplace,  102. 

Soldiers'  Field,  135. 

Somerset  Hotel,  51. 

Somerville,  137. 

Somerville  Hospital,  137. 

South  Bay,  2. 

South  Boston,  112-113. 

South  Cemetery,  37. 

South  Congregational  Church,  52. 

South  End,  35-47. 

South  Shore,  143-148. 

South  Station,  11. 

Spring  Lane,  1,  16. 

Stadium  (Cambridge),  135. 

Stamp  Act,  6. 

Standish,  Myles,  1;  burial  place, 
145;  monument,  145;  sword, 
147. 

State  Hospitals  for  Mental  Dis- 
eases, 26. 

State  House,  24. 

State  Library,  28. 

State  Street  Square,  32. 

Stillman  Infirmary  (Cambridge), 
136. 

Stock  Exchange,  33. 

Stoddard  House,  100. 

Storage  Buildings,  U.  S.  A.,  Quar- 
termaster's, 113. 

Sumner,  Charles,  home  of,  28; 
statue  of,  49. 

Sunny  Bank  Home  (Watertown), 
128. 

Surriage,  Agnes,  well,  140. 

Swampscott,  138. 

Symphony  Hall,  63. 


Talitha    Cumi   Maternity    Home 

and  Hospital,  122. 
Telegraph,  first,  9. 


INDEX 


175 


Telephone  exchange,  doctors',  52. 

Telephone,  first,  10. 

Temple  Adath  Israel,  51. 

Thacher,  Thomas,  grave  of,  18. 

Theaters,  161. 

Theaters,  Moving-Picture,  162 

Thompson's  Island,  1,  104,  105. 

Thoreau,  Henry  D.,  grave,  151. 

Tileston,  John,  house  of,  100. 

Touraine  Hotel,  22. 

Tremont  House,  site,  18. 

Tremont  Street,  11. 

Tremont  Temple,  19. 

Trimount,  1,  2. 

Trinity   Church,  53;    rectory  of, 

52. 

Tufts  College  (Somerville),  137. 
Tufts    College    Medical    School, 

64-66. 
T  Wharf,  34. 

U 

Union  Church,  47. 
Unitarian  Building,  28. 
University  Club,  49. 
University     Press     (Cambridge), 
134. 

V 

Vaccination,  5. 

Vane,  Sir  Harry,  site  of  house,  29; 

statue,  55. 
Vendome  Hotel,  51. 
Vincent  Memorial  Hospital,  119. 

W 

Waltham  Hospital,  127. 

Waltham  Training  School  for 
Nurses,  127. 

Warren  Chambers,  52. 

Warren,  Dr.  John,  site  of  dwell- 
ing, 17;  country  house,  121. 


Warren,  Dr.  John  C.,  house  of,  20; 

at  first  operation  under  ether, 

89. 

Warren,   Dr.   Joseph,    6,    7;   site 
•of     house,    99;    statues,     109, 

119. 
Washington     Elm     (Cambridge), 

134. 
Washington,   George,   statues   of, 

27,  48. 

Washington  Market,  45. 
Washington  Street,  11,  15. 
Washingtonian  Home,  37. 
Waterhouse,  Dr.  Benjamin,  5. 
Waterworks,  system  of,  9,  124. 
Watson's  Hill  (Plymouth),  148. 
"Wayside"  (Concord),  151. 
Webster,  Daniel,  9;  statue  of,  27; 

home,  145. 

Wellesley  College,  128-129. 
Wells  Memorial  Institute,  37. 
Wentworth  Institute,  61. 
West  End,  83-98. 
White,  Peregrine,  cradle,  147. 
Widener  Memorial  Library  (Cam- 
bridge), 133. 

Winthrop,  John,  1;  statue  of,  50. 
Winthrop,  John,  Jr.,  4. 
Witch  House  (Salem),  141. 
Women's  College  Club,  51. 
Wood  Island  Park,  111. 
Wood,  William,  2. 
Wright  Tavern  (Concord),  150. 
Writing  School,  First  District,  29. 


"Ye  Olde  Blake  House,"  114. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, 64. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation, 47. 


THE   MEDICAL  SCHOOL  OF 
HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 


All  applicants  for  admission  to  the  Harvard  Medical  School 
must  present  evidence,  not  only  that  they  have  fulfilled  the 
special  pre-medical  requirements,  but  also  that  they  are 
scholars  of  such  rank  as  to  give  promise  of  doing  work  of 
high  quality  in  the  study  of  medicine 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

ASSISTANT  DEAN,  HARVARD  MEDICAL  SCHOOL 
240  LONGWOOD   AVENUE,  BOSTON 


HARVARD    MEDICAL  SCHOOL 
COURSES   FOR  GRADUATES 


Instruction  offered  in 

The  Usual  Laboratory  and  Clinical  Subjects 

also 

Public  Health,  Industrial  Medicine 
and  Tropical  Medicine 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

ASSISTANT  DEAN, 
COURSES  FOR  GRADUATES,  HARVARD  MEDICAL  SCHOOL,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

176 


SURGEONS 

AND  PHYSICIANS 

SUPPLY  CO. 

Exhibition  Hall,  Booth  49 

Manufacturers  and 
Dealers  in 

STERILIZED    SUTURE  MATERIALS 
STERILIZED  DRESSINGS 
SURGICAL  INSTRUMENTS 

MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  SUPPLIES 


Sudbury  Building 

SUDBURY  ST.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 
Tel.  Haymarket  1756 


The  Corliss  Laced 
//'.§)   Stocking 


An  invaluable  and  ideal 
support  for  all  leg  troubles. 

Being  adjustable,  wash- 
able, sanitary,  and  con- 
taining no  elastic.  It  is 
not  only  the  best,  but  also 
the  cheapest  leg  support 
on  the  market. 

It  is  made  of  a  light- 
weight, especially  woven, 
white  duck  and  is  provided 
with  a  detached  tongue 
and  extra  fine  three-yard 
lacing.  This  stocking  in- 
cludes the  heel  as  well  as 
the  instep  and  ankle,  a 
feature  found  in  no  other 
kind  of  support. 

Directions  for  measuring 
sent  upon  application. 

PRICES 
Stockings,   extending-    to    the 

knee $2.00  each 

Stockings,     extending    above 

the  knee  .  .  .  $3.00  each 
Anklets,  Knee  Caps,  and 

Leggings  .    .    .    $1.00  each 

Discount  to  physicians 


Corliss  Limb  Specialty  Co. 

164A  Washington  St.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


are  scientifically  prepared 
to  meet  eVery  demand  of 
the  discriminating  surgeon 


IM<C. 
217-221  Duffield  Street 

BROOKLYN-N.Y-U.SA. 


DIGITALIS 

for  Heart  Men 


We  specialize  in  DIGITALIS, 
ASSAYED  and  STANDARD- 
IZED, for  Pills,  Capsules, 
and  Tincture. 


CHESTER  A.  BAKER,  INC. 

Wholesale  and  Retail 
Druggists 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


Medical  Advice 

Can  safely  be  given  only  after  a 
patient  has  made  a  complete 
statement  of  the  important  de- 
tails in  regard  to  his  habits,  his- 
tory, etc. 

To  properly  give  a  doctor  satis- 
factory service  in  handling  his 
insurance,  a  broker  must  know 
and  study  various  facts  that 
apply  to  each  case. 

I  attempt  to  give  personal,  care- 
ful study  to  my  clients,  and  would 
like  to  demonstrate  to  you  the 
advantage  of  having  one  man 
give  real  attention  to  your  in- 
surance affairs. 

STANLEY  B.  SWAIM 

159  Devonshire  Street 
Boston,  Massachusetts 


MULTI-STERILE 

Surgeon's  Gloves 

Regular,  Cadet,  and  Long  Fingers 

HEAVY  WEIGHT.  —  Cheapest  per 
Operation. 

REINFORCED    WRIST.  —  No  more 

Torn  Wrists.  RlDER's   MULTI-STERILE  GLOVES 

P.  L.  RIDER  RUBBER  COMPANY,  Worcester,  Mass. 

OLD  ENGLISH  ROOM  RESTAURANT 

and  Apartments 

BOYLSTON   STREET  and  PARK  SQUARE 

Opposite  Public  Garden 


COFFEE  ROOM  —  SELF-SERVICE 
Upstairs 


FRANK  SCHOEBER 

Manager 


178 


E.    F.   MAHADY   COMPANY 

671  BOYLSTON  ST.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

Hospital,  Surgical  Supplies 
and  Equipment 

SURGICAL  INSTRUMENTS  PHARMACEUTICALS 

SURGICAL  DRESSINGS  RUBBER  GOODS 

SUTURES  AND  LIGATURES  ENAMELWARE  AND  GLASSWARE 

DIAGNOSIS  INSTRUMENTS  INVALID  ARTICLES 

Trusses  —  Elastic  Hosiery  —  Orthopedic  Apparatus 

Hospital  Furniture  and  Sterilizers 

Physicians'  Office  Furniture 

Medical  and  Nurses'  Books 

Complete    Equipment  for    Bacteriological   and  Pathological   Laboratories 


Progress 


T)ROGRESS  cannot  halt  and  still  be  called  progress.  It 
•••  moves  only  in  one  direction  —  ahead.  It  is  gratifying 
to  the  makers  of  the  Betz  line,  to  know  that  the  year-by- 
year  development  of  their  products  has  kept  pace  with  the 
continued  advancement  of  medical  and  surgical  practice. 

All  physicians  attending  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION  are  cordially  in- 
vited to  visit  our  New  York  Exposition  and  Salesrooms, 
at  6-8  West  48th  Street,  where  our  complete  lines  are 
on  display 

FRANK  S.  BETZ  COMPANY 

HAMMOND,   INDIANA 
NEW  YORK,  6-8  W.  48th  St.  CHICAGO,  30  E.  Randolph  St. 

179 


Massachusetts  General  Hospital 
Case  Records 

^ 

RICHARD  C.  CABOT  and  HUGH  CABOT 


A  pioneer  of  published  case  history  series,  and  the  ex- 
ponent of  a  unique  method  of  case  study,  eminently  prac- 
tical and  valuable  to  every  man  who  makes  diagnoses. 

Published  weekly  by  the  Hospital.  $8.00  for  a  year, 
$4.00  for  an  introductory  half  year. 

Detailed    information  will   be   given    and 

.  subscription  orders  received  at  Space  17, 

Exhibit  Hall,  during  the  Boston  Conference 


UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

GRADUATE    SCHOOL    OF    MEDICINE 
THE  MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL  COLLEGE 

Session  of  1921-1922 


Eight  to  ten  months'  full-time  courses,  in  the 
principles  of  the  stated  Clinical  Specialties,  are 
offered  to  limited  groups  of  physicians,  as 
follows:  October  10  to  June  10,  INTERNAL 
MEDICINE,  NEUBOPSYCHIATRY,  DERMATOLOGY- 
SYPHILOLOGY,  ROENTGENOLOGY,  SURGERY, 
GYNECOLOGY-OBSTETRICS,  ORTHOPEDICS, 
UROLOGY,  OTOLARYNGOLOGY;  October  10  to 
July  29,  OPHTHALMOLOGY;  October  31  to 
July  1,  PEDIATRICS.  Each  registrant  is  limited 
to  one  only  of  the  foregoing  courses.  Fee,  $600; 
no  other  charges. 

Limited  numbers  of  scholarships  or  fellow- 
ships are  available  to  those  student  physicians 


who  are  successful  in  the  foregoing  courses, 
and  who  then  desire  to  extend  their  specia 
studies  beyond  their  initial  registration  periods. 

Limited  numbers  of  scholarships  or  fellow- 
ships are  also  available,  upon  a  three  years' 
basis,  in  the  following  separate  Medical  Science 
Departments  :  BIOCHEMISTRY,  ANATOMY, 
PHYSIOLOGY,  PATHOLOGY,  BACTERIOLOGY  — 
IMMUNOLOGY,  PHARMACOLOGY. 

A  few  "  personal  "  courses  upon  subdepart- 
mental  subjects  only,  are  available  by  special 
arrangement :  BRONCHOSCOPY,  PERIMETRY, 
ELECTBOCARDIOGRAPHY,  NEUROOTOLOGY  , 
NEUROPATHOLOGY,  etc. 


Address:  DEAN,  GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF   MEDICINE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  PHILADELPHIA 


180 


F.    H.   THOMAS   CO. 

689-691  BOYLSTON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS 


Largest  Suppliers  in 
New  England  to 

PHYSICIANS,    SURGEONS,    and   HOSPITALS. 

A  complete  and  representative  ex- 
hibition of  new  surgical  medical 
apparatus  and  equipment  at 

Spaces,  44,  45,  and  46. 

We  constantly  strive  to  merit  the  confidence  of  the 
Medical  Profession  by  superfine  quality,  flawless  serv- 
ice, and  acceptable  methods 


ESTABLISHED   1846 


Physicians  Service  Department 
H.  P.  HOOD  &  SONS 

Dairy  Experts 


181 


Members  of 

THE    AMERICAN    MEDICAL 
ASSOCIATION 

are  cordially  Invited 

to  visit  the 

Industrial  Surgical  Clinic 
of  the 

EMPLOYERS  LIABILITY  ASSURANCE 
CORPORATION,  LIMITED 

40  CENTRAL  STREET  BOSTON,  MASS. 


182 


BOSTON   UNIVERSITY    SCHOOL    OF 
MEDICINE 

Reorganized  1918 


Founded  1873 


CLASS  A 


ENTRANCE  REQUIREMENTS  —  A  minimum  of 
two  college  years,  including  Chemistry,  Phys- 
ics, Biology,  and  in  addition  to  English,  at 
least  one  foreign  language.  Men  and  women 
admitted  upon  equal  terms.  Students  limited 
to  two  hundred.  Students  admitted  to  ad- 
vanced standing. 

INSTRUCTION  —  All  fundamental  medical 
sciences  in  charge  of  full-time  professors  and 
assistants.  Abundant  laboratory  facilities. 

CLINICAL  TRAINING  —  Unusually  extensive 


facilities  provided  in  an  approved  hospital 
having  559  beds,  with  departments  of  research, 
neurology,  obstetrics,  medicine  and  surgery, 
specialties,  contagious,  pediatrics,  venereal  dis- 
eases. All  departments  except  contagious  are 
located  within  two  minutes'  walk  of  college. 

Ward  walks,  clinical  clerking,  pathological 
conferences,  large  Out-Patient  Department. 
Students  also  receive  instruction  in  Boston 
City  Hospital  and  Westboro  State  Hospital 
for  Insane. 


Further  information  and  catalogue  furnished  on  application  to 
EDWARD  E.  ALLEN,  M.D.,  Registrar,  80  East  Concord  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


X  RAY  PLANT 


A  Complete 

X-Ray  Plant 

in  Itself 

See  it 

at  Spaces 

96-111 


Visit  the  Factory  at 

17  STEWART  STREET,  LYNN,  MASS. 

183 


LYNN.MASS 


H or  lick's  Malted  Milk 

THE    ORIGINAL    GENUINE    MALTED    MILK 
A  Standard  Dietetic  Preparation 

Composed  of  the  nutritive  constituents  of 
whole  cows'  milk  and  malted  cereals,  includ- 
ing the  valuable  mineral  constituents  and 
vitamines.  Convenient,  palatable,  easy  of  di- 
gestion and  assimilation.  Indicated  from  In- 
fancy to  Old  Age. 

Used  and  Endorsed 

by  the  Medical  Profession  for  over 

a  Third  of  a  Century 

HORLICK'S  MALTED   MILK  CO.,  RACINE,  Wis. 


ALKALOL 


The  Alkalol  Company 

Taunton,  Mass. 


IRRIGOL 

Let  us  mail  you  a  sample 


184 


RING   SANATORIUM  AND 
HOSPITAL,  INC. 

Arlington  Heights,  Massachusetts 

EIGHT  MILES  FROM  BOSTON 


For   Chronic,  Nervous,    and   Mild   Mental   Illnesses. 

Five  separate  buildings  permit  of  segregation  and  a 

variety  of  accommodations 


Telephone:  ARTHUR  H.  RING,  M.D. 

ARLINGTON   81  Superintendent 


Compliments  of 

The  Old  Corner  Bookstore,  Inc. 

27-29  Bromfield  Street 

Boston 


Telephone:  Main  7069-7070 


185 


BATTERIES 


"  Bring  'em  in 
We'll  fix 'em' 

We  Repair 
All  Makes 

HELIOS  STORAGE 
BATTERY  CO. 

Official  Columbia  Service  Station 

71  CHESTNUT  ST.,  BOSTON 

Near  Public  Garden 
Phone  Haymarkel  1241 


Complete 

Lines 

in  the  Best 


Gentlemen's  Furnishings 

Clothing,  and 

Hats 

WE  GUARANTEE  to  give  you  100 
per  cent  value  on  everything  you  buy 
or  to  cheerfully  refund  your  money. 


Two  Stores: 

SCHOOL  STREET  &  CITY  HALL  AVENUE 
WASHINGTON  STREET  &  AVERT  STREET 


THE  STANDARD  CAR 

for 
PROFESSIONAL 

MEN 


THE  NOYES-BUICK 
CO. 

N.  E.  Distributors 

857  COMMONWEALTH  AVE. 

BOSTON 


Compliments 
of 


The 

Franklin 
Motor  Car 
Company 

616 

Commonwealth  Ave. 

Boston,  Mass. 


186 


"SETTLED -in  24  hours" 


AN  ACTUAL  HAPPENING 


child  ran  right  into  the  car.    Was  it  the  driver's  fault? 
Only  the  courts  could  decide  that.    But  this  driver,  George  S. 
Curtis,  of  Peabody,  Mass.,  had  Liberty  Mutual  insurance  and 
was  saved  the  court's  embarrassing  ordeal. 
When  the  case  was  settled  Mr.  Curtis  said: 

"  I  notified  the  Liberty  Mutual  representative,  and  in  twenty-four  hours'  time  a 
claim  made  by  the  child's  parents  was  settled  satisfactorily." 

Any  careful  driver  may,  at  any  moment,  meet  with  a  like  mis- 
fortune, for  a  big  majority  of  auto  accidents,  are  due  to  the  care- 
lessness of  pedestrians. 

For  this  reason  Liberty  Mutual  has  built  up  an  extra  service 
barrier  of  protection  and  offers  quick  mental,  physical,  and  finan- 
cial relief  to  all  its  policy  holders. 

Our  "  Traffic  Cop  "  booklet  will  interest  you.   Send  for  it 


LIBERTYIWMUTUAL 

INSURANCE  ^^  COMPANY 

HOME  OFFICE  — BOSTON 


187 


For  Business 


For  Pleasure 


FIVE  MODELS  TO  CHOOSE  FROM 

EDWARD  BECKER 

New  England  Distributor  677  BEACON  ST.,  BOSTON 


PRICES 

$15.50  to  $85.00 


Fine  Folding 
Watches 

WALTHAM  and  Swiss 
Movements  of  highest 
grade,  fitted  into  cases  of  varied 
leathers,  viz.  Hairline  Seal,  Lizard 
Skin,  Sharkskin,  Morocco,  French 
Ecrase,  in  all  the  newest  colors. 

Some  cases  have  shield  for  en- 
graving. Initials  in  Gold  may  be 
stamped  on  any  of  the  leathers. 


24  WINTER  STREET 


188 


TUFTS  COLLEGE  MEDICAL 
AND  DENTAL  SCHOOL 


The  Tufts  College 
Medical  School 

The  Tufts  College  Medical  School 
offers  a  four-year  course  leading  to 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 
The  next  session  begins  September 
19th,  1921.  Students  of  both  sexes 
are  admitted  upon  presentation  of 
an  approved  high-school  certificate 
and,  in  addition,  college  credit  in- 
dicating two  years'  work  in  Chem- 
istry, English,  Physics,  Biology, 
and  French  or  German. 

CHARLES  F.  PAINTER,  M.D.,  Dean 


The  Tufts  College 
Dental  School 

The  Tufts  College  Dental  School 
offers  a  student  who  has  had  a  col- 
lege training,  a  four-year  course 
leading  to  the  degree  of  D.M.D. 

Being  located  in  Boston,  Tufts 
College  Dental  School  enjoys  excel- 
lent clinical  advantages. 

Tufts  Dental  School  is  co-educa- 
tional. Registration  begins  at  9  A.M. 
on  June  21st,  and  ends  on  Sep- 
tember 22nd,  1921. 

WILLIAM  RICE,  D.M.D.,  Dean 


For  further  information  apply  to  FRANK  E.  HASKINS,  Secretary 
416  Huntington  Avenue,  Boston,  17,  Mass. 


Ginita  Cigars 

•  •  • 

Beacon  Hill 
Mixture 

•  •   • 

Importers  of 

Trebor  Pipes 

Charles  B.  Perkins  Co. 

36  Kilby  Street 
44  Bromfield  Street 


You  are  Invited  to 
Visit  the 

WALKER-GORDON 

MILK 
LABORATORY 

at  1106  Boylston  Street 
Boston,  and  the 

WALKER-GORDON 
MILK   FARM 

at 

Charles  River 
Mass. 


Telephone  Back  Bay  2650 


189 


Insurance  Doctors 


GEORGE  H.  CROSBIE 

and 
CLARENCE  T.  MACDONALD 

extend  greetings  to  the  Medical 
Doctors  from  far  and  near. 

We  specialize  in  all  kinds  of  in- 
surance for  the  medical  profession. 

Detailed  information  gladly  given 
about  Liquor  and  Alcohol  per- 
mits, Narcotic  Drug  Blanks, 
and  our  Systematic  Savings  for 
doctors. 

If  you  are  not  satisfied  with  a 
300%  increase  by  some  com- 
panies in  your  physician's  liabil- 
ity rates,  call  or  write  us. 

Service  is  Our  Motto 

FORT  HILL  4239  79  MILK  ST. 


" 


190 


f  WSTON  PU8LIC  WBRART 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  I 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


BOSTON 


PINKHAME- SMITH  (b. 

makers  of  fine 

SPECTACLES  S'EYEGLASSES 

for  the 
discriminating"  wearers  thereof. 

Imported  andlBonai^li^^ 
CAiyfEKAS-LENSES-PIATES 
FILMS-  PAPERS 

makers  of  the  world  renowned 

"SMITH  SOFT  FOCUS  LENSES" 

and 

"WOLFE  ARTISTIC" 
for  hand  camera  users 

292  Boylston  &  13BromfieId  St. 
Boston 


Physicians  are  Cordially  Invited  to  Visit 

THE 
VITALAIT  LAfiOMff  @RY 

COMMONWEALTH  AVENUE 

Near  Centre  Street 
NEWTON  CENTRE,  MASS. 

Devoted  Exclusively  to 
BACILLUS  BULGARICUS  CULTURES 


The 

Commonwealth  Avenue 
Hospital 


Surgical 

Medical 

Obstetrical 


617-619  Commonwealth  Avenue 
Boston,  Massachusetts 


BOSTON 


PWUC  LIBRARY 


BOSTON  PUBUC  LIBRARY 


BOSTON  PUBUC  L1BKA1H 


CD 

8 


CD 

r 
o