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■0ab!a 

■;  HERBARluiyrJ] 


HANDBOOK  OF  BPJTISH  FUNGI, 


W. GRIGGS,  DEL. &  LITH 


•v'-> 


1        AGAR.CUS       (    PhOU.OTA     )        CAPISTRATUS 
?.     AgARICUS      (     PHOLIOTA     )        UEOCHROMUS 
;^,     Agahicus      (HYPHOLOMA)        LANARIPSLS 


HANDBOOK 


OF 


B  R  I  T  I  S  HO  IfflSt.tt\ 


IVitk  full  Descriptions  of  all  the 


of  the  Genera. 


y 


BY 


M  .     C^*"    C  O  O  K  E  ,     M  .  A  . 


y 


^ 


\ 


Hontfon  anti  i^rb  ¥orife: 

MACMILLAX   AXD    CO. 

1671. 


C.2 


G.   P.   BACON,   PRINTER,   LEAVES. 


PREFACE. 


THrRTT-riVE  years  ago  one  of  the  volumes  of  the  "  English  Flora" 
contained  full  descriptions  of  all  the  species  then  known  of  British 
Fimgi.  Prior  to  this  several  floras,  and  especially  Mr.  Samuel  Gray's 
"  Natural  An-angement"  and  Withering' s  "  Arrangement/'  included 
the  fungi;  but  it  was  left  to  the  Eev.  M.  J.  Berkeley  to  collect  the 
materials,  and  eliminate  from  them,  a  Mycological  Flora  of  the  British 
Islands.  During  the  thirty-five  years  that  have  elapsed  since  the 
appearance  of  the  last  complete  Mycologic  Flora,  no  attempt  has  been 
made  to  revise  it,  to  incorporate  species  since  discovered,  and  to  bring 
it  up  to  the  standard  of  modern  science.  No  apology,  therefore,  is 
necessary  for  the  present  effort,  since  all  will  admit  that  the  want  of 
such  a  manual  has  long  been  felt,  and  this  work  makes  its  appearance 
under  the  advantage  that  it  seeks  to  occupy  a  place  which  has  long 
been  vacant. 
.  It  was  my  intention  at  first  to  have  added  an  introduction,  treating 
of  the  structure  and  aflfinities  of  the  different  orders  and  genera 
included  in  the  present  volume,  with  an  explanation  of  my  own  views 
as  to  the  classification  adopted,  but  as  the  work  proceeded  it  so  far 
exceeded  the  dimensions  originally  estimated,  that  it  was  found 
impossible  to  do  justice  to  this  portion  of  the  subject  here,  and  the 
"  Introduction"  has  been  postponed,  in  the  hope  that  hereafter  it  may 
appear  as  a  separate  voliune.  It  may  suffice  to  state  that,  in  the 
face  of  the  bewildering  chaos  of  new  genera  which  have  of  late  been 
proposed  on  the  Continent,  especially  for  Ascomycetous  forms,  I  have 
endeavoured  to  avoid,  as  much  as  possible,  encumbering  these  pages 
with  a  nomenclature  often  fanciful,  seldom  necessary,  and  which  may, 
at  best,  be  regarded  as  transitional.     It  is  hoped  that  such  changes  as 


Q  O  -^  '^ 


10^} 


PREFACE. 

have  been  made  will  commend  themselves  to  the  student  as  facilitating 
the  study  of  organisms  by  no  means  easy  of  comprehension. 

The  arrangement  of  the  Hymenomycetes  is  based  upon  the  latest 
views  of  the  illustrious  Fries,  with  such  additions  as  were  recom- 
mended by  Mr.  Worthington  Smith  in  a  recent  volume  of  the  "  Journal 
of  Botany."  In  fact,  Mr.  Smith's  arrangement  is  adopted  in  toto,  and 
I  availed  myseK  of  his  experience  by  associating  him  with  myself  in 
this  portion  of  the  work. 

Dui'ing  the  progress  of  this  "  Handbook"  I  have  to  acknowledge 
with  gratitude  the  suggestions,  and  aid,  of  numerous  friends,  espe- 
cially of  Professor  Elias  Fries,  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley,  M.  A.,  C.  E. 
Broome,  Esq.,  F.L.S.,  W.  G.  Smith,  Esq.,  F.L.S.,  Dr.  E.  Capron,  Dr. 
Bull,  and  H.  C.  Eavenal,  Esq.  For  the  measurements  of  the  spores 
in  the  Agaricini  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith,  as  well  as  for  the 
di'awings  of  many  of  the  woodcuts.  North  American  localities  have 
been  inserted  for  some  species,  but  I  am  aware  that  this  portion  of 
the  work  is  very  imperfect. 

I  am  conscious  that  I  have  not  produced  a  perfect  work.  Pui'suing 
the  study  of  Fungi  as  a  recreation  in  the  intervals  of  the  daily 
business  of  life,  it  was  no  easy  task  to  prepare  and  aiTange  the 
descriptions  of  nearly  three  thousand  plants,  compare  specimens  and 
figures,  and  measure  their  spores.  It  would  be  presumption  to 
suppose  that  this  has  in  all  cases  been  done  without  error,  although 
it  is  hoped,  with  some  confidence,  that  the  errors  are  few,  and  of  no 
great  importance. 

Subscribers  will  not  regret  that,  instead  of  600  pages  they  will 
receive  more  than  900 ;  and  instead  of  200  figures  upwards  of  400. 
No  effort  has  been  spared  to  make  this  work  worthy  of  their  confi- 
dence, and,  by  the  publication  of  an  occasional  supplement,  it  is 
hoped  to  maintain  it  for  many  yeai*s  as  the  "  Handbook"  for  every 
student  of  British  Fungi. 

M.  C.  C. 

Upper  Holloivay,  July,  1871. 


HAND 


OP 


BEITISH    FUNGI. 


Division  I.      SPORIFERA.         Spores  naked. 

I.     Hymenmm  free,  mostly  naked,  or  soon  exposed.  Eymenomycetes. 

n.    Hymenium   enclosed  in  a  peridium,  ruptured 

when  mature Gasteromycetes. 

III.  Spores  naked,  mostly  terminal,  on  inconspicuous 

tlireads,  free,  or  enclosed  in  a  perithecium.  Coniomycetes. 

IV,  Spores  naked,    on  conspicuous  threads,  rarely 

compacted,  small. Hyphomycetes. 

Family  I.     HYMENOMYCETES. 

Mycelium  floccose,  giving  rise  at  once  to  a  distinct  hymenium, 
or  producing  a  variously  shaped,  naked,  or  volvate  receptacle, 
even,  or  bearing  on  its  upper  or  under  surface  various  folds, 
plates,  prickles,  &c.,  clothed  with  fertile  hymenial  cells.  >Spores 
naked,  mostly  quaternate,  on  distinct  spicules.  Berk.  latrod.  p, 
351.   Outl.p.S^. 

Hymenium,  normally  inferior — 

Fruit-bearing  surface  lamellose Agaricini. 

Fruit-bearing  surface,  porous  or  tubular.     .  Polyporei. 

Fruit-bearing  surface  clothed  with  prickles.  Hydnei. 

Fruit-bearing  surface,  even Auricularini- 

Hymenimn,  superior  or  encirling — 

Clavate  or  branched,  rarely  lobed Clavari«i, 

Lobed,  convolute,  or  disc-like,  gelatinous  ; 
(fertile  threads  not  compacted  into  a 
true  hymenium) Tremellinu 

B 


AGAEICINI. 


Order  I.     AGARICINI. 

Hymenium,  inferior,  spread  over  easily-divisible  gills  or  plates, 
radiating  from  a  centre  or  stem,  which  may  be  either  simple  or 
branched. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  2.  Berk.  Out. p.  89. 

The  followiBg  analytical  key  to  the  genera  of  the  Agaricini,  and  the  snh- 
genera  of  Ajaricus,  has  been  constnicted  by  Mr.  Wortbington  G.  Smith, 
F.L.S.j  and  by  permission,  we  have  adoptedit  here  with  his  illustrations  and 
tabular  view  of  the  sub-genera. 


ANALYTICAL  KEY. 


In  using  the  following  key,  the  first  and  most  important  point  to 
be  determined  in  naming  an  Agaric  is  to  ascertain  the  colour  of 
the  spores.  The  specimens  used  for  study  should  always  be  per- 
fectly fresh,  and,  if  possible,  young,  as  in  many  species  the  char- 
acters, especially  of  the  veil,  are  evanescent.  The  habitat  also  will 
be  found  of  considerable  importance  to  begmners.  The  genera  are 
printed  in  Capitals,  and  the  subgenera  in  Italics.  The  numbers 
prefixed  to  the  subgenera  will  enable  the  reader  to  refer  at  once 
to  the  Plates,  where  the  numbers  correspond. 

I.  Spores  white,  or  very  slightly  tinted. — LpMcospori. 
*  Plant  fleshy,  more  or  less  firm,  putrescent 
(neither  deliquescent  nor  coriaceous), 
t  Hymenophorura  free. 

Pileus   bearing  warts  or  patches  free 

from  the  cuticle 1.  Amanita. 

Pileus  scaly,  scales  concrete  with  the 

cuticle 2.  Lejjiota. 

t  Hymenophorum  confluent. 
+  ^^'ithout  cartilaginous  bark. 
§  Stem  central. 

II  With  a  ring 3.  Armillaria. 

II  Rino-less. 

Gills  sinuate 4.  Triclwloina. 

Gills  decurrent. 

Separating  from  the  hymeno- 
phorum          V.  Lepista. 

Not  separating  from  the  hy- 
menophorum    {See  Paxillus.) 

Edge  acute 5.  CUtonjhp. 

Edge  swollen xi.  Cantharellus. 


Taeular  View  of  the  Subgenera  of  Agaricus.         PL  vii. 


1^ 

11 

IJ 

2  o 

S 
>> 

I. 

Leucospori. 

II. 

HYPORHODn. 

III. 
Dermixi. 

IV. 

PRATELL.T3. 

V. 
COPRINARn. 

1. 

Amanita. 

10. 
Volvaria. 

0 

Lepiota. 

11. 
Chamceota. 

2B. 

Psalliota. 

12. 

Plutcus. 

27. 

Pilosace. 

o 

a 

ll 

II 
§1 

^  "9 
5^'  -/J 

3  ^ 

-1 

* 

3. 

Armillaria. 

19. 

Pholiota, 

28. 
Stropharia. 

4. 
Tricholoma. 

13. 

Entoloma. 

20. 
Hebeloma. 

29. 
H3'pholoma. 

33. 
Panasolus. 

5. 
Clitocybe. 

14. 
Clitopilus. 

21. 

Flammula. 

6. 

Pleurotus. 

15. 

Claudopus. 

22. 

Crepidotus. 

Ill 

ill 
III 

* 
* 
* 

7. 
Coll}bia. 

16. 

Leptonia. 

23. 

Naucoria. 

30. 
Ptilocybe. 

8. 
Mycena. 

17. 
Nolanea. 

24. 

Galera. 

31. 

Psathyra. 

34. 
Psatbyrella. 

f). 

Omphalia. 

18. 
Eccilia. 

25. 
Tubaria. 

32. 

Deconica. 

AGAEICINI.  3 

Gills  adnate. 
Plants     parasitic    on    other 

^Agaric3_  ^ xii.  XrCTALls. 

Kot  parasitic. 

Milky ix.  Lactabius. 

Kot  milky. 

Eigid  and  brittle    ...        x.  Eussula. 

Waxy vii.  Hygrophokus. 

§  Stem  lateral  or  absent 6.  Plenrotus. 

X  With  cartilaginous  bark. 

Gills  adnate 7-  CoUyhia. 

Gills  sinuate 8.  Mycena. 

Gills  decurrent 9.  Omjphalm. 

*  Plant  tough,  coriaceous,  or  woody. 
t  Stem  central. 

Gills  simple  .    .         xiii.  Marasmius. 

Gills  branched xvi.  Xerotus. 

t  Stem  lateral  or  wanting. 

Gills  toothed xiv.  Lentinus, 

Gills  not  toothed xv.  Panus. 

Gills  channelled  longitudinally  or  crisped    xvii.  Trogia. 

Gills  splitting  longitudinally xviii.  SCHIZOPHTLLUM. 

Gills  anastomosing xix.  Lenzites. 


II.  Spores  rosy  or  salmon  co\o\xr.  —  Hyjporhodii, 

*  Without  cartilaginous  bark, 
t  Hymenophorum  free. 

X  With  a  volva 10.   Volvaria. 

X  Without  a  volva. 

With  a  ring 11.  Ckamceota. 

Kingless 12.  Pluteus. 

t  Hymenophorum  confluent, 
X  Stem  central. 

Gills  adnate  or  sinuate 13.  Entoloma. 

Gills  decurrent 14.  CUtojnlas. 

X  Stem  lateral  or  absent 15.  Claudopus. 

*  With  cartilaginous  bark. 

Gills  decurrent 18.  Eccilia. 

Gills  not  decurrent. 

Pileus  torn  into  scales 16.  Leptonia. 

Pileus  papillose,  subcampanulate. 

Gills  membranaceous,  persistent.    .       17.  Xolanea. 
Gills  subdeliquescent iii.  Bolbitius. 


HI.  Spores  brown,  sometimes  reddish  or  yellowish  brown. — Dei-raini. 
*  Without  cartilaginous  bark, 
t  Stem  central. 
X  With  a  ring. 

Eing  continuous 19.  Pholiota. 

Eing     arachnoid,     filamentous     or 
evanescent. 
Gills  adnate,  terrestrial    ....       iv. 
Gills  decurrent.  or  acutely  adnate, 
mostly  epiphytal 21. 

B    2 


CORTIXARIUS. 

Flammulsf,. 


4  AGAEICINI. 

X  Witliout  a  ring. 

Gills  adhennp:  to  tlie  hymenopho- 
rum,  and  sinuate     ......       20.  Hebeloma. 

Gills  separating  from  the  hymeno- 
phorum,  and  decurrent     ....       vi.  Paxillus. 

t  Stem  lateral  or  absent 22.  Crepidotus. 

*  With  cartilaginous  bark. 

Gills  decurrent .  25.  TuVaria. 

Gills  not  decurrent. 

Margin  of  pileus  at  first  incurved   .  .  23.  Nancoria. 

Margin  of  pileus  always  straight    .  .  24.  Galera. 

IV.  Spores    purple,    sometimes  brownish-purple,   dark  purple,   or  dark 
brown.—  Pratellce. 

*  "Without  cartilaginous  bark, 
t  Hymenophorum  free. 

X  With  a  ring 26.  Psalliota. 

X  Eingless 27.  Pilosace. 

t  fiymenophorum  confluent. 

Veil  normally  ring-shaped  on  the  stem      28.  Stropharia^ 
Veil  normally  adhering  to  the  margin 

of  pileus 29.  Hypholoma. 

*  With  cartilaginous  bark. 

Gills  decurrent 32.  Deconica. 

Gills  not  decurrent. 

Margin  of  pileus  at  first  incurved  ...  30.  Psilocyle. 

Margin  of  pileus  at  first  straight   ...  31.  Psathyra. 

V.  Spores  black,  or  nearly  so.—  Coprmarii. 

Gills  deliquescent ii.  Copetnus. 

Gills  not  deliquescent. 

Gills  decurrent viii.  GoMPHlDlUS. 

Gills  not  decurrent. 

Pileus  striate 34.  Psathyrella. 

Pileus  not  striate 33.  Panoeolus. 

Gemis  1.  AGARICUS,  Linn.  Sysl.  Nat.  (1735). 

Spores  of  various  colours  ;  gills  membranaceous,  persistent, 
witli  an  acute  edge  ;  trama  floccose,  confluent  with  the  inferior 
hymenium.  Fleshy  fungi,  putrifying,  and  not  reviving  when 
once  dried,  hence  differing  from  such  genera  as  are  deliquescent, 
coriaceous,  or  woody. 

This  genus  is  di\'ided  into  five  series,  according  to  the  colour  of  the  spores, 
the  subgenera  in  each  series  are  arranged  in  the  accompanying  plates. 
Each  sf-ries  consists  ty  pi  call}'  of  three  groups. 

1. — Hymenophore  distinc'  from  the  fleshy  stem. 

2. — Hymenophore  confluent  and  homogenous  with  the  fleshy  stem. 

3, — Hymenophore  confluent  with,  but  heterogenous  from,  the  cartilagin- 
ous stem. 

These  three  groups  are  kf  pt  distinct  in  the  plates,  the  subgenera  in  each 
series  corresponding  in  position  with  its  analogues  in  the  other  series. 


Series  1.     LEUCOSFOHI. — Spores  ivliite. 
*  Hjrmenopliore  distinct  from  tlie  fleshy  Stem. 


PI.  ii 


i  .  h\  fA  ;-\  N  I  I  H  , 
B 


2  .LCPIOTR 


**  Hymenopliore  confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  fleshy  Stem. 

4.TRICH0L0fAH.      ^ 


'**  Ilymencphore  confluent  with,  hut  heterogeneous  from  the  cartilaginous  Stem. 


7.   COLLYBlH. 


9  ,0M  PMHLIH 


V  G  S 


,0^ 


(S 


0 
0    0 

o 


AGARICINI.  O 

Series  1.     Leucospori.     Spores  white  (Plate  ii). 

The  species  bearing  white  spores  seem  higher  in  type  than  those  producing 
coloured  spores.  Most  of  the  former  are  firm,  and  many  persistent,  whilst, 
as  we  approach  the  black-spored  Agarics,  there  is  a  greater  tendency  to 
deliquesce.  The  spores  of  the  Leucosjiori  are  mostly  oval,  sometimes  nearly 
round,  generally  very  regular,  but  sometimes  spiimlose.  They  vary  in  size  ; 
and,  while  containing  the  largest  as  well  as  the  smallest  known  spores,  are 
as  a  rule  small,  generally  white,  but  sometimes  dingy,  or  with  a  suggestion 
of  yellow,  or  pink.  As  a  rule,  none  of  the  Leucospori  grow  on  dung  or  in 
rank  places,  whilst  in  the  darker  and  black-spored  groups  these  habitats  are 
the  rule. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sub-Gen.  1.     Amanita.     Pers.  Syn.,  p.  246. 

Veil  universal  at  first,  completely  enveloping  the  young  plant, 
distinct  and  free  from  the  cuticle  of  the  pileus  ;  pileus  convex, 
then  expanded,  not  decidedly  fleshy ;  stem  distinct  from  the 
hymenophore,  ringed  or  ringless,  furnished  with  a  volva,  free  and 
lax,  connate  with  the  base,  or  friable  and  nearly  obsolete  ;  gills 
free  from  the  stem. — Hab.  On  the  ground,  mostly  in  woods  and 
uncultivated  places. — (PL  II., Jig.  1,  A.muscarius.) 

This  subgenus  is  remarkable  for  the  great  development  of  the  veil,  which 
at  first  entirely  envelopes  the  young  plant  in  a  thick  clothy  wrapper  ;  as  the 
fungus  reaches  maturity  the  veil  is  ruptured,  and  part  remains  in  scattered 
patches  on  the  pileus  (b),  whilst  part  forms  a  more  or  less  complete  cup  or 
volva  at  the  base  (c) ;  when  there  are  no  fragments  on  the  pileus  the  veil 
has  been  ruptured  in  one  place,  and  the  whole  mass  remains  at  the  base ; 
this  is  often  the  case  in  Agaricus  pkalluldes  Fr.  Some  of  the  species  have 
the  stem  furnished  with  a  ring  (d),  which  is  part  of  the  veil,  whilst  three 
species  are  ringless  (or  more  properly,  the  ring  is  adherent  to  the  stern).  In 
some  species  the  veil  is  thick,  and  greatly  developed,  whilst  in  others  it  is 
thin  and  friable,  and  both  volva  and  patches  are  evanescent ;  the  higher 
forms  of  J.ma/i.ito  stand  alone,  from  the  stem  being  furnished  with  a  xolva 
and  ring.     Some  of  the  species  are  edible,  others  highly  poisonous. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.    Vaginatce — ring  obsolete. 

1.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  vaginatus.     Bull.    "  Sleek 

Amanita." 

Pileus  thin,  campanulate,  then  nearly  plane,  margin  membran- 
aceous, deeply  sulcate  ;  stem  fistulose,  attenuated,  fragile,  floccu- 
loso-squamose  ;  volva  sheathing,  loose  ;  gills  free,  white,  then 
pallid. — Berk.  Outl.  t.  iii,  Jig.  4.  Eng.  Fl.  \,p.  2.  Huss.  ii.  t.  34. 
Bull.  t.  98, 512.  Vitt.  Mang.  t.  16.  Lenz.  f.  2.  Kromb.  1. 1,/.  1-6,  t. 
10,/.  6-9,  f.  30,/.  13-14.  i^/.Da7i.^.l014,2142,/.2.  Gard.Ckron. 
(1861),i9.  97.    Gonn.  ^'  Eabh.  i.  t.  7,/  1.    Barla.  t.  5.  Vent.  t.  5. 

Far.  albida.  A.  nivalis,  Grev.t.l^.  Eng.  FLy.  p.^.  Fault. 
151,/.  1-2. 

In  woods  and  under  trees.     Common.     [United  States.] 


b  AGAEICINI. 

Variable  in  size  and  colour.  Pileus  4  in.  or  more,  viscid  when  moist,  shining 
when  dry,  at  first  there  are  a  few  broad  scales,  but  these  soon  vanish  ;  the 
cuticle  easily  peels  off.  Stem  6  in.  or  more  hi!,'h,  ^-1  in.  thick,  attenuated 
upwards,  obtuse  at  the  base,  where  it  is  furnished  with  a  volva,  which  is 
adnate  for  about  an  inch,  and  then,  in  general,  closely  surrounding  it  like  a 
sheath,  but  sometimes  the  margin  is  expanded.  The  volva  i?  easily  overlooked 
if  care  be  not  taken  to  dig  up  the  very  base  of  the  stem.  Gills  free,  ventri- 
cose^  broadest  in  front,  often  imbricated,  white.  Smell  scarcely  any. — Eng. 
Fl.     Spores  spherical  -00032  X  'OOOSS  in.— TF.  G.  S. 

2.  Agairicus  (Amanita)  Ceciliae.     B.  ^  Br.     "Grey 

ringless  Amanita,  ' 

Pileus  at  first  ovate,  then  campanulate,  clothed  with  scattered 
subpersistent  warts  ;  margin  grooved  ;  stem  stuffed,  silky  above, 
squamulose  below :  volva  soon  breaking  up. — B.  ^^  Br.  Ann.  N.H, 
no.  663.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  3,/.  5.  Fr.  Icon,  t.lll  Price  f.  112. 

In  woods.     Aug.     Sept.     Common  in  Epping  Forest. 

Colour  mouse-grey.  Distinguished  by  its  less  perfect  volva  and  stuffed  stem, 
which  does  not  simply  contain  a  few  cottony  fibres,  as  that  of  A.  cagiaatus. 
Pileus  at  first  semi-elliptic,  densely  and  uniformly  clothed  with  the  thick 
mouse-coloured  volva,  which  at  length  splits  irregularly  below  from  a  slight 
prominence  at  the  base  of  the  stem,  but  by  no  means  vaginate;  then  cam- 
panulate, obtuse,  3-4  in.  across,  margin  sulcate,  dingy  yellow,  either  quite 
smooth,  or  more  or  less  clothed  with  the  depressed  or  even  acutely  warty  re- 
mains of  the  volva.  Stem  4 in.  or  more  high,  |in.  thick,  attenuated  upwards, 
above  silky,  transversely  or  obliquely  rimose,  below  squamulose  from  frag- 
ments of  the  volva,  spongy  within,  with  occasional  cavities,  not  truly  bulbous  | 
ring  none  gills  thick,  sometimes  forked  or  anastomosing,  the  shorter  ones 
abruptly  truncate  behind,  quite  free,  at  length  remote,  interstices  venous. 
Smell  none.  Taste  sweet.— xl/.  /.  B.  Spores  oval  '00034  X  -OOOGin.- IF.  G.  S. 

3.  Agaricus   (Amaxiita)   adnatus.     Smith.    "Adnate  gilled 

Amanita." 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  smooth,  rather  moist,  convex,  then  expanded, 
buff  beneath  the  cuticle  ;  margin  extending  beyond  the  gills  ; 
stem  stuffed,  at  length  hollow,  pale  buff,  rough,  fibrillose  ;  ring 
none  ;  volva  lax,  adnate,  or  almost  obsolete,  white,  pubescent,  re- 
maining in  woolly  patches  on  the  pileus ;  gills  white,  crowded,  truly 
adnate.  Saund.  Sf  Sm.  t.  20. 

Woody  places,  amongst  oak  and  holly.     Kingsdon  Wood  and 

Alfoxen,   Combe,  amongst   the   Quantock    Hills,   Somerset. — 

{J.A.C.) 

Pileus  fleshy,  very  firm,  not  brittle,  smooth,  rather  moist,  pale  buff-yellow, 
2|-3in.  ac-^oss,  margin  exceeding  the  gills ;  gills  white,  crowded,  truly  adnate  j 
stem  stuffed,  at  length  hollow,  pale  buff,  rough,  and  fibrillose,  2-4  in.  high  j 
ring  absent ;  volva  lax,  adnate,  or  almost  obsolete,  white  and  pubescent,  re- 
maining in  woolly  masses  on  the  pileus  ;  flesh  firm,  almost  rigid,  as  in  Rns- 
siila,  white,  stained  sienna-buffunder  the  cuticle  of  the  pileus;  spores  slightly 
oval,  -0004  X  -0003  in.— TF.  G.  S 


AGAEICrN"!.  7 

.   Sect.  2.  Phalloidece — Tolva  free  and  lax. 

4.  Agaxicus  (Amanita)  vernus.    Bull.    "  Spring  Amanita," 

Pileus  at  first  ovate,  then  expanded,  rather  depressed,  viscid, 
white  ;  margin  naked,  smooth  ;  stem  stuffed,  equal,  tloccose,  base 
bulbous  ;  volva  closely  embracing  the  stem  with  its  free  margin  ; 
ring  reflexed  ;  gills  free. — Bull.  t.  108.  Vitt.  Mang.  t.  44,  Paul. 
1. 156,/  3-4.  Smith  P.  M.f.  8.  Price f.  3.  Gard.  Ghron.  ("1861), 
p.  4S0,  Jig. 

In  woods.     Early  summer.     Poisonous. 

Altogether  white.  Distinguished  from  white  forms  oi  A.  lyhalloldes  by  its 
closer  sheathing  volva,  and  more  ovate  pileus  when  young,  and  from  the 
white  forms  of  A.  caginatm  by  the  presence  of  a  ring. 

5.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  phalloides.     Fr.     "  Stinking 

Amanita." 

Pileus  campanulate,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  viscid ;  margin  even, 
regular ;  stem  hollow  above,  attenuated  ;  volva  bulbous,  free 
above,  loose  ;  ring  membranaceous  ;  gills  rounded,  ventricose. — 
Sys.  Myc.  \.  p.  13.  Epicr.  p.  4.  Vaill.  t.  14,/.  5.  Paul.  t.  155, 
156,/ 1-2.  Berh.  Outl.  pi.  ^,f.\.  (right  figure.)  Smith.  P. M.f. 
7.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  1.  Krovih.  t.  28,/  1-10.  Corda  Sturm  t.  55. 
Price  f.  28.  Barla,  t.  4.  Gonn.  ^-  Puihh.  i.  t.  10,/  1.  Vent.  t.  40. 
A.  bulbosus,  Bull.  t.  2.  A.  vernalis,  Bolt.  t.  48.  A.  verrucosus, 
Fl.Lond.t.S12;f.4:-6. 

Woods,  and  their  borders.     Aug. — Nov.     Conmion. 

[Pennsylvania.] 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  irregularly  scaly  from  the  fragments  of  the  volva  ad- 
hering to  the  surface,  variously  coloured,  white,  straw-coloured,  brownish, 
greenish,  &c.  Stem  3-4  in.  high,  ^in.  thick,  fibrillose,  attenuated  upwards, 
bulbous  below.  Volva  adnate  at  the  base,  with  the  margin  free,  more  or  less 
expanded.  Odour  powerful,  and  foetid,  especially  as  it  decays.  Considered 
poisonous.  Spores  spherical  *0003  in. —  W-  G.  S. 

6.  Agaxicus  (Amanita)  mappa.     Batsch.    "  Delicate  Amanita." 

Pileus  convex,  then  plane,  without  separable  cuticle,  margin 
nearly  even  ;  flesh  white  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  cylindrical, 
nearly  smooth,  bulbous,  nearly  globose  at  the  base  ;  volva  with  its 
free  margin  acute  and  narrow  ;  ring  membranaceous  ;  gills  ad- 
nexed. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  6.  Gonn.  ^-  Rahh.  \.t.ll,f.l.  Paul.  t.  158, 
/.1-2.  Vitt.  iMang.t.  11.  Eromb.  t.l,f.  6,t.28,f.ll-12.  Aim. 
N.H.  no.  138.  Price/.  66.  Vent.  40,/ 1-2.  A.  bulbosus,  Bull.  t. 
677,  F.D.G.H.M.  A.  venenosa,  Pers.  Com.  t.  2.  Schcejf.  t.  241. 
Sow.  t.  286  (left figure.)  Curtis  t.  312   (right figure.) 


8  AGAEICINI. 

Under  trees.     Not  common.     Poisonous. 

Colour  variable.  Habit  like  that  of  a  small  A.  phalloides,  from  wbieh  it  is 
distinguished  by  its  less  developed  volva,  which,  instead  of  being  cup-shaped, 
is  little  more  than  a  mere  rim  fringing  the  bulb. — 3f.  J.  B. 

Sect,  3.  Muscarice — volva  cut  round,  lower  part  connate  with  the 

stem. 

7.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  muscarius.     L.    "  Fly  Amanita." 

Pileus  convex,  then  expanded,  clothed  with  scattered  warts,  the 
remains  of  the  volva,  margin  striate,  flesh  beneath  the  viscid  cu- 
ticle yellowish  ;  stem  stuffed,  bulbous  at  the  bas^  ;  volva  adnate, 
concentric,  scaly  ;  ring  lax,  deflexed  :  gills  reaching  the  stem  and 
forming  decurrent  lines  upon  it. — Grev.t.  54.  Eng.  Fl.  Y,p.4:. 
Huss.  i.  1. 1.  Gard.  Citron.  (1860),  p.  169.  Kromh,  t.  9,  /.  1-19. 
Corda  Sturm  t.  54.  Price  f.  56.  Barla.  t.  2.  Vent.  t.  l,f.  3-4. 
S(nv.f.2S6{r{ghtf.gJ  Smith, P. MJ.  Id.  Cooke,B.F.t.l.  Gonn, 
^  Rahh.  i.  t.  6. 

Woods,  especially  fir  and  birch.     Aug. — Nov.     Poisonous. 

[Pennsylvania.] 

Pileus  3-7  in.  broad,  orange ,  scarlet,  sometimes  brownish,  beset  with  super- 
ficial conical  warts,  viscid  when  moist,  margin  thin  and  striate.  Gills  white, 
broad,  ventricose,  free  or  slightly  adnexed.  Stem  4-9  in.  high,  ^-1  in.  thick, 
utuflFed  with  cottony  fibres,  sometimes  hollow.  Bulb  covered  with  close  coni- 
cal scales,  theremainsof  the  volva.  Highly  narcotic,  producing  intoxication, 
deHrium,  and  death.  Spores  '00032  X  -00025  in.— TF.  G.  S.     (PL  II.,  fig.  I.) 

8.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  excelsus,     Fr.     "  Tall  Amanita." 

Pileus  convex,  then  plane,  at  first  innato-fibrillose,  clothed  with 
irregular,  mealy,  evanescent  warts  ;  margin  nearly  even  ;  flesh 
white  ;  stem  stuifed,  cylindrical,  scaly  below,  bulbous,  immar- 
ginate  ;  volva  evanescent  ;  gills  ventricose,  free,  rounded  behind, 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  8.  Berk.  Outl.pl.  3,/.  3.  Eng.Fl.  y.p.  5.  Kromh. 
^  29,/.  14-17.   PawZ.f.  159.   Gomi.4' Pahh.i.t.8,f.l. 

In  woods.     Quality  doubtful.  [Carolina,  U.S.] 

Colour  bro\vnish.  Margin  sometimes  sulcate.  Pileus  4  in.  broad,  slightly 
viscid,  smooth,  with  a  few  more  or  less  conical  irregular  scattered  warts, 
easily  rubbed  off;  cuticle  tough  and  clammy,  easily  peeling  off;  gills  obtuse 
before  and  b  -hind,  bat  broader  in  front,  truly  free,  half  an  inch  broad,  the 
margin  slightly  uneven.  Stem  6  in.  or  more  high,  1  in.  thick,  going  deep  into 
the  earth,  scaly  below  the  ring,  scales  thick  and  squarrose,  above  the  ring 
the  scales  are  closely  adpressed,  their  interstices  finely  silky,  apex  striate, 
tolerably  firm,  juicy,  white  ;  ring  half  way  down,  large,  substria^e  within, 
externally  downy.    Taste  pleasant.— J/./. £.     Spores  "0003  X '00022  in.— 

w.  o.  s. 


AGAEICIXI.  y 

9.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  panthexinus.     D.C.     "Spotted 

Amanita." 

Pileus  convex,  fhen  expanded,  margin  striate,  flesli  under  fhe 
viscid  pellicle  white  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  nearly  smooth  ; 
volva  at  the  base  ocreate,  with  the  margin  entire,  obtuse,  and  free  ; 
gills  attenuated,  free. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  5.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  4.  Fl.  Dan. 
«.  1911,/.2.  Vitt.Mang.t.Sd.  Vent. t. 3.  Kromb.  t.  29.  f.  10-13, 
Paul  1. 160,/.  2.  Schrpf.  t.  90.  Barla.  t.  7,/.  1-3.  Foques.  t.  21  J. 
2-3.   Gonn.  4'  Rahh.  i.t.l. 

In  woods  or  pastures  near  trees.  [Pennsylvania.] 

Brownisli,  not  red  orreddish  brown,  as  in  A.  mvsca/rius.  Pileas,  4  in.  broad, 
with  flat,  mealy  warts,  which  rub  off  with  difl&culty,  glutinous  when  moist  ; 
when  dry,  soft  to  the  touch  like  kid  leather.  Stem  5  in.  high,  half  an  inch 
thick,  stuflFed;  then  more  or  less  hollow,  silky,  and  even,  or  torn  into  reflexed 
scales;  ring  deflesed;  volva  quite  smooth,  connate,  the  extreme  margin 
only  free  all  round. — M.J.B.  Not  poisonous.  Spores,  -0003  X  '00019  in.— 
W.  G.  S. 

10.  Agaricus  ^Amanita)  strobiliformis.     Fr.     "  Fir-cone 

Amanita." 

Pileus  convex,  then  expanded,  with  persistent  warts  ;  margin 
even  ;  flesh  compact,  white  ;  stem  solid,  floccoso-squamose,  bul- 
bous, base  subterraneous  ;  volva  with  the  margin  acute,  concen- 
tric ;  ring  torn;  gills  rounded  behind,  and  free. — Epicr.p.  b.  Vitt. 
Mang.  t.  9.  Vent.  t.  4.  Paul.  t.  162.  Bull.  t.  593.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  3, 
/.  2.  Srnith  E.  M.f.  10.  Gonn.  4-  Rahh.  i.  1. 1  J.  3.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
662. 

Borders  of  woods.     Rare.     Esculent. 

Pileus  when  young  subglobose,  bulb  of  the  stem  conical  below,  rooting,  its 
border  sometimes  incised  all  round,  sometimes  even,  floccose  above  to  the  edge 
of  the  pileus  ;  scales  of  pileus  large,  wart-like,  with  a  brown  disc,  and  wLite 
floccose  border,  persistent,  angular.  Pileus.  when  expanded,  8-9  in.  across,  at 
length  quite  smooth,  margin  extending  beyond  the  gills,  white  cinereous,  &c. 
Stem  6-7  in.  high,  IJin.  thick,  firm,  solid,  bulb  not  properly  scaly,  veil  large  j 
gills  rounded  behind,  the  shorter  ones  denticulate  at  the  base.  Odour  and 
taste  pleasant. — M. ./.  B. — "  It  attains  a  very  large  size  in  well-grown  speci- 
mens. The  persistent  patches  on  the  top  are  not  unlike  the  scales  of  a  fir- 
cone, hence  its  specific  name:  the  gills  do  not  reach  the  stem.  Average  size 
of  spores,  -00054  X  '00035  in."— ir.  G.S. 

Sect.  4.    Validce — volva  thin  and  friable. 
11.      Agaricus  (Amanita)  rubescens.     P.     "Reddish  Amanita." 

Pileus  convex, then  expanded  ;  warts  unequal,  mealy,  scattered  ; 
flesh  becoming  reddish  ;  stem  stuffed,  attenuated  upwards,  squam- 
ulose  ;  ring  entire  ;  gills  attenuated,  reaching  the  stem  and  form- 

B  5 


10  AGAEICINI. 

ing  decurrent  lines  upon  it  ;  volva  obliteratecl. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  7. 
Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  5.  Vent,  t.  26,  f.  1-3.  Kromb.  1. 10,  /.  1-5.  Letell.  t. 
677.  Trans.  Woolh.  C.  (1868).  Gonn.  4'  Eabh.  i.  t.  5.  Price,/.  75. 
Huss.  i.  t.  23.  Vitt.  3Iang.,  t.  41.  Scha^ff.  t.  91-261.  Paul.  1. 161. 
Curt.  Fl.  L.  t  312,  partly.  Hogg  ^'  Johnst.  1. 1.  Smith,  E.  M.  f.  1. 
Badh.  i.  i.  12,/.  1,  ii.  ^.  11,/.  3-5. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Margin  of  pileus  in  some  instances  with  the  appearance  of  striae  ;  flesh  turn- 
ing reddisli  when  cut  or  bruised  ;  gills  broad  in  front,  narrowed  behind  ;  stem 
above  the  ring  clothed  with  flat  adpressed  scales,  below  the  ring  the  scales 
have  their  upper  margin  free  and  patent.  Smell  strong,  taste  not  unpleasant. 
Spores  -OOUS  X  -00023  in.— TF.  G.  S. 

12.  Agaxicus  (Amanita)  spissus.     Fr.     "  Clammy  Amanita." 

Pileus  convex,  then  plane,  rough  with  minute,  adnate,  mealy 
warts  ;  margin  smooth  ;  flesh  fimi,  white,  unchangeable  ;  stem 
stuffed,  fiiTu,  attenuated  upwards,  squamulose  ;  ring  entire  ;  gills 
adnexed,  with  decurrent  lines  on  the  stem. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  9.  Curr. 
Linn,  Trans,  xxiv.,^.  151.    Kromh.  t.l,f.  7,  t.  '2d,f.  1-5. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  3  in.  broad,  umber  with  a  greyish  tinge,  evidently  viscid,  smooth, 
with  afew  patches  of  the  volva  adhering,  not  in  the  form  of  warts,  but  irregu- 
larly; epidermis  tough  and  clammy,  easily  peeling  off",  margin  not  striate;  gills 
very  broad,  more  than  half  in.,  ventricose  and  adnexed.  Stem  3  in.  high,  1  in. 
being  buried  in  the  ground,  swollen  and  bulbous  at  the  surface,  narrower 
above  and  below.  Ring  deflexed  and  striate.  Spores  white,  irregularly  pear- 
shaped  or  balloon  shaped,  with  a  short  stalk,  colourless,  about  '0005  in.  long. 
-F.  Curr. 

13.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  asper.     Fr.     "  Rough  Amanita." 

Pileus  convex,  then  plane  ;  warts  minute,  crowded,  nearly  per- 
sistent ;  margin  even  :  flesh  compact,  brownish  beneath  the  cuticle; 
stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  attenuated  ;  ring  entire,  distant ;  gills 
rounded  behind,  free. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  9.  Eng.  Fl.  v,  p.  6.  Vitt. 
Mang.  t.  -43.  Bolt.  t.  139.  Bull.  t.  316. 

In  woods.     June. — Oct.  [Carolina,  U.S.] 

In  many  respects  resembling  A.  ruhescens.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  scarcely 
umbonate,  reddish,  with  various  tints  of  livid  and  grey,  clothed  with  small 
acute  warts  ;  flesh  thick,  permanent  white,  except  immediately  beneath  the 
epidermis  ;  gills  white,  broad  in  front,  with  sometimes  a  little  tooth  behind 
running  down  the  stem  ;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  sometimes  1|  in.  thick  at  the 
base,  often  less,  bulb  rather  rough,  striate  above  the  ring,  silky  below  ;  ring 
broad,  striate.  Odour  strong,  taste  not  unpleasant. — Jf.J.B.  Spores '00032 
X  •0002Gin.— ir.  6-'.  *S'. 


AGAEICINI.  11 

14.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  megalodactylus.    5.  "  Strong- 

scented  Amanita." 

Strong  scented.  Pileus  soft,  convex,  smoofh,  reddisli-grey  ; 
cuticle  entire  ;  margin  even  ;  stem  somewhat  bulbous,  solid,  fibril- 
lose;  ring  very  large,  placed  near  the  top  of  the  stem;  gills  moder- 
ately broad,  free,  pallid,  at  length  tinged  with  red. — Berh.  Outl. 

In  a  wood  near  Stamford. 

Pileus  3|  in.  across  ;  stem  5  in.  high.  The  volva  is  almost  obsolete,  it  is 
allied  to  A.  le/itkalaris,  but  the  solid  stem  is  not  squamulose,  and  the  gills 
do  not  assume  an  olive  tint. — J/.  /.  B. 

Sect.  5.  Denudatce — veil  entirely  obsolete. 

15.  Agaricus  (Amanita)  lenticularis.     Lasch.    "  Smooth 

Amanita." 

Pileus  globose,  then  convexo-plane,  soft,  smooth,  margin  even  ; 
stem  stuffed,  bulbous,  squamulose;  ring  broad  above  ;  gills  free, 
becoming  pallid. — Lasch.  Linn.  no.  18.  Paul.  p.  306, 1. 149.  B.  4" 
Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866),  no.  110-4.  Fr.  Icon.  1. 13. 

In  plantations.     Oct.     Coed  Coch. 

Remarkable  for  the  great  development  of  the  ring,  and  the  smooth  pinkish 
tan  pileus.  Stem  4-6  in.  long.  Pileus  3-4  in.  broad.  Flesh  soft,  spongy, 
white,  with  a  mouldy  odour.  Gills  free,  approximate,  ventricose,  broader 
behind,  very  much  crowded,  white. 

Sub-Gen.  2.     Lepiota.     Fr.  S.M.,  i.  p.  19. 

Veil  universal  mrit  concrete,  with  the 
cuticle  of  the  pileus  breaking  up  in  the  form 
of  scales  (f)  ;  pileus  never  compact,  often 
very  thin,  the  flesh  always  soft  and  thread- 
like, and  not  only  distinct  from  the  stem,  but 
often  separated  above  into  a  peculiar  cup ; 
stem  distinct  from  the  hymenophore,  gene- 
rally hollow,  full  of  threadlike  fibres,  rather 
sub^cartilaginous  than  fleshy,  different  in 
texture  from  the  flesh  of  the  pileus,  hence  it  is 
easily  removed,  leaving  a  cup  or  socket  at  its 
point  of  juncture  with  the  pileus  (e),  fur- 
nished with  an  annulus,  which  is  at  first  con- 
tinuous with  the  cuticle  of  the  pileus,  often 
moveable,  sometimes  evanescent ;  volva 
none  ;  gills  free  ;  hence  not  sinuate  or  de- 
Fig.  35.  current. 


12 


AGAEICINI, 


Hab.  On  the  ground,  mostly  in  rich  grassy  places,  and  more 
often  in  fields  than  woods. — {PL  II.,  Jig.  2^  Ag. procerus.') 

Several  species  as  A.  clypeolarius,  Bull,  A.  cepcestipes,  Sow.,  and  A.  cristatus, 
Fr.,  appear  in  hothouses  all  the  year  round.  Lepiota  is  readily  recognised 
by  its/Vee^iY^.?,  annulated  stem  without  a  volva,  aud  generally  scaly  pileus. 
Usually  autumnal  and  edible. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Proceri. — ring  moveable. 

16.  Agaricus   (Lepiota)   procerus.      Scop.      "  Parasol 

Mushroom." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  at  first  ovate,  then  expanded  and  umbonate ; 
cuticle  thick,  torn  up  into  broad  scales  ;  stem  hollow,  tall,  bulbous, 
variegated  with  adpressed  scales  ;  ring  moveable  ;  gills  very  re- 
mote.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  12.  Eng.  Fl.  v.p.  7.  Trans.  Woolh.  C,  1867. 
Badh.t.2.  Barla.t.S.  Schceff.t.  22-23.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  772.  Curt.  Fl. 
L.t.69.  Vitt.Mang.t.24:.  Pricef.74..  Le?iz.f.6-6.  Vent.  t.  6. 
Paul.  1. 136.  Hogg  4"  Johnst.t.S.  Cooke, B.  F.t.2.  Huss.i.t.SS. 
Smith  E.  M.f.  14.  Kromh.  t.  24,/.  1-12. 

Pastures.     Common.     Esculent.  [Pennsylvania.] 

Pileus  3-7  in.  broad,  at  first  obtusely  conic,  at  length  campanulate,  strongly 
umbonate,  fleshy,  cuticl  velvety,  red  brown,  broken  into  sub-reflexed  scales, 
the  whole  resembling  brown  shaggy  leather,  margin  white,  or  pinkish,  silky, 
flesh  soft,  and  cottony,  except  ic  the  centre,  when  young.  Grills  perfectly  free, 
separated  by  a  considerable  space  from  the  stem,  ventricose,  margin  ser- 
rated, pale,  pinkish  yellow,  or  white.  Stem,  8-12  in.  high,  |  in.  thick,  atten- 
uated upwards,  sunk  deep  into  the  flesh  of  the  pileus,  bulbous,  scaly,  hollow, 
but  stuffed  with  a  cottony  web.  Ring  coriaceous,  thick  and  spongy,  convex 
below,  moveable.  Taste  and  smell  pleasant. — M..T.B.  Spores  '0006  X 
•U003  in.—  W  .G.  S.  (PI.  ii.,  fig.  2  and  fig.  35.) 

17.  Agaricus   (Lepiota)  rachodes.     Vitt.     "Large  grey 

Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  at  first  globose,  then  expanded  and  depres- 
sed ;  cuticle  thin,  broken  into  persistent  scales,  stem  hollow,  at- 
tenuated, smooth,  immaculate,  bulb  at  first  abrupt;  ring  lacerated, 
moveable  ;  gills  remote. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  13.  Berk.  Outl.pl.  3,f.  6. 
Price,/.  104.  Russ.  ii.  t.  58.  Fitt.  Mang.  t.  20.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  257. 
Gard.  Chron.,  1861,;;.  599.  Kromh.  t.  24,/.  15-16. 

In  shady  pastures.  Not  common.  Esculent.  [Carolina,  U.S.] 

Flesh  mostly  red  when  bruised.  Closely  allied  to  A. procerus,  from  which 
it  is  distinguishable  by  the  pileus  being  more  globose  when  young,  by  the 
generally  distinctly  marginate  bulb,  and  the  stem  being  free,  or  nearly  free, 
from  the  spots  which  give  A.procenjsdi  snake-like  appearance. — Gard.  Chron» 
Spores  -00018  X  "00025  ui.—  W.  G.S. 


AGAEICINI.  13 

18.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)  excoriatus.     Sch<;eff.    "Flaky  Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  obscurely  umbonate  ;  cuticle  tbin,  breaking 

up  into  scales  ;  stem  bollow,  short,  cylindrical,  scarcely  bulbous, 

smooth,  white  ;  ring  moveable  ;  gills  rather  remote. — Schceff.  t. 

18-19.  Eng.  Fl  Y.p.  7.  Vitt.  Mang.  t.  35.  Kromhh.  t.  1,/.  9,  t  24, 

/.  24-30,  Vent.  t.  7.  Paul.  1. 135  bis.  LetelL  t.  609,/.  A.  B. 

In  pastures.     May — Sept.     Esculent. 

Pileus  2Jin.  across,  expanded,  often  a  little  irre^lar,  carnose,  umbonate, 
flesh  spongy,  cuticle  crackeJ  into  small  areolae,  silky  between  them,  especially 
on  the  margin,  pale  fawn,  the  umbo  dark,  gills  ventricose,  free,  so  as  to  leave 
a  broad  space  round  the  top  of  the  stem,  which  is  sunk  into  the  substance  of 
the  pileus,  dull  white,  slightly  watery,  unbricate  when  old,  sometimes  broader 
on  one  side  of  the  pileus  than  the  other,  and  sometimes  stained  with  claret 
colored  blotches.  Stem  l|-2  in.  high,  |4  in.  thick,  attenuated  regularly  up- 
wards, without  a  decided  bulb,  minutely  fibrillose,  hollow,  but  stuffed  witL  a 
cottony  web.  Ring  deflexed,  moveable.  Smell  scarcely  any. — M.J.B.  Spores 
•0005  X  -00035  in.— TF.  G.  S. 

19.  Agaricus  (Lepiotai  gracilentus.    Kromhh.    "  Slender 

Lepiota,' 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  obtusely 
umbonate  ;  cuticle  thin,  breaking  up  into  adpressed  persistent 
patches ;  stem  hollow,  elongated,  slightly  bulbous  ;  ring  thin,  free, 
evanescent ;  gills  remote,  broad,  pallid. — Kromb,  t.  24,/.  13-14. 
Berk.  Out.  p.  93. 

In  pastures.     Esculent. 

Eesembling  A .  procerus  but  more  delicate.  Stem  5-6  in.  long,  4-5  lin.  thick, 
obsoletely  scaly.  Pileus  at  first  ovate,  then  campanulate,  and  at  length  flat- 
tened, spotted  with  brownish  scales.    Spores  '00043  X  '0003  in.—  W.  G.  S. 

20.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)  mastoideus.     Fr.    "  Bossed  Lepiota." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  soft,  ovate,  then  expanded,  and  acutely 
umbonate  ;  cuticle  thin,  breaking  up  into  scattered  papillee  ;  stem 
hollow,  equally  attenuated  from  the  bulb,  weak,  smooth  ;  ring 
entire,  moveable  ;  gills  very  remote,  pallid. — Epicr.p.  1 4.  Fl.  Dan. 
t.  2144.  Berk.  Mag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.  i.  t.  2,/.  1.  Kromb.  t.  24,/  17-18. 
Batt.  t.  10,/.  A.  Letell.  t.  609,/.  D,E. 

In  woods.     Oct.     King's  Cliffe.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  If  in.  across,  fin.  high,  very  strongly  umbonate,  with  a  depression 
round  the  umbo,  sub-carnose,  epidermis  breaking  up  into  small  umber  papillae, 
which  are  larger  and  more  scattered  towards  the  margin;  gills  remote,  rather 
narrow,  yellowish  ;  stem  3^  in.  high,  slender,  strongly  attenuated  upwards, 
incrassated  at  the  base,  sunk  into  the  substance  of  the  pileus,  minutely  vil- 
loso-squamose,  filled  within  with  cottony  fibres.  Ring  deflexed,  scarcely  move- 
able.—J/.  /.  B. 


14  AGARICINI. 

Sect.  2.     Chjpeolarii.--Yi[QViS  shield-like. 

21.  Agaxicus  fLepiota)  acutesquamosus.     Wm.     "  Squarrose 

Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  obtuse,  at  first  floccose,  then  bristly  with  erect, 
acute,  squarrose  scales  ;  stem  somewhat  stuffed,  bulbous,  below 
the  ring  rough  or  silky,  pruinose  above  ;  gills  approximate,  lance- 
olate, simple. — Huss.  ii.  t.  5.  Kromb.  t.  i./.  18-20,  t.  29/.  18-21. 
A.  Marice.  Klotsch.  Linncea  vii.  t.  8.  Berk.  Eng.  FL  Y.p,  4.  Ann. 
N.H.no.n^. 

On  soil  in  gardens,  and  in  greenhouses.         [Cincinnati.] 

Generally  taTvuy.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  with  dark  coloured  scales.  Stem 
tawny,  pruinose  2-3  in.  long  or  more,  4  lines  to  |  in.  thick.  Ring  white.  Sub- 
stance fleshy,  tough,  elastic,  white.   Spores -0001  X  '00023  in.— lF.(r'.*Sf. 

[Agaricus  (Lepiota)  Feiesii.  Lasch.  recordedby  B.&  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866) 
No.  1105  was  entered  in  error.] 

22.  Agaxicus  (Lepiota)  hispidus.     Lasch.     "  Hispid  Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  umbonate,  at  first  tomentose,  then  break- 
ing up  into  squamose  papillse.  Stem  fibrillose,  stuffed,  thin,  atten- 
uated, above  the  ring  floccoso-squamose  ;  gills  approximate,  ven- 
tricose,  simple. — Linncea  1829,  no.  407.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  901.  Fr. 
Icon.  1. 14,/.  1. 

In  shady  woods,  amongst  pine  leaves.     Aug. 

Stem  about  3  in.  long,  3-5  lines  thick.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  umber.  Smell 
like  that  of  Laxtarius  theiogalus. 

23.  Agaxicus  (Lepiota)  Badhami.     B.^'Br.    "  Saffron  Lepiota." 

Pileus  at  first  campanulate,  obtuse,  then  expanded,  or  depressed 
and  umbonate,  hispid  with  minute, velvety,  ermine-like  scales ;  stem 
bulbous,  white,  silky,  stuffed  with  cottony  threads  ;  ring  finn, 
slightly  moveable  ;  gills  remote,  ventricose  ;  whole  plant  when 
wounded  of  a  saffron-red.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  664.  Berk.  Out.  p.  93. 

Under  yew  trees.     Sej^t.     Apethoi'pe.     Norths. 

Pileus  2-4  in.  across,  at  first  campanulate,  obtuse,  at  length  expanded,  often 
depressed  and  umbonate,  hispid,  with  minute,  velvety,  fuliginous  scales,  but 
sometimes  entirely  fuliginous,  without  any  distinct  scales j  stem  2-3  in.  high, 
\-\  in.  thick,  attenuated  above,  bulbous  below,  white,  silky,  or  floccoso- 
squamose,  stufi'ed  with  cottony  threads  ;  ring  firm,  erect,  and  deflesed,  more 
or  less  moveable,  beneath,  frequently  clothed  with  dingy  granules  ;  gills 
truly  remote,  ventricose,  rather  broad.  Spores  elliptic,  "0003  in.  long,  flesh 
tolerably  compact.  The  whole  plant  when  wounded  assumes  a  rich  red  tint. 
Smell  rather  disagreeable. — M.  J.  B. 


AGAEICINI.  15 

24.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)  meleagris.     Sow.     "  Sowerby's  Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  conveXy  then  plane  ;  cuticle  broken  up  into 
black  scales  ;  flesh  turning  red;  stem  sohd,  squamulose,  thickened 
downwards,  and  black  ;  root  reticulated  ;  gills  nearly  free. — Soiv. 
t.  171.  Berk.  Outl.p.  101,  no.  50  (sub.  Trich.olomd]  B.  ^'  Br,  Ann. 
N.H.  1865.  JEng.  Fl.Y.p.  9. 

On  hot-beds.     May — Oct. 

"  It  has  a  solid  stem,  and  a  curious,  somewhat  reticulated  root,  in  drying 
it  becomes  of  a  blush-red  all  over,  except  the  lower  part,  which  retains  the 
darker  hue." — Soiv.  Stem  about  3  in.  long,  \  in.  thick,  nearly  equal,  pileas 
1^^  in.  broad.     Stem  stouter  in  proportion  than  in  A.  clyjpeolariws. 

25.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)  clypeolazius.    Bull.   "  Fragrant  Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  umbouate,  at  first  with  an  even  crust,  at 
length  broken  into  floccose  adpressed  scales  ;  stem  fistulose,  thin, 
almost  equal;  ring  evanescent,  floccoso-squamose ;  gills  free,  ap- 
proximate.—5«//.  t.  405.  506,/.2.  Tratt.Aust.  t.  26.  Paul.  1. 136. 
Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  8.  Fr.  Icon.  1. 14,/.  2.  Berk,  Out. p.  94.  Vent.  t.  44, 
/.  3-4. 

In  woods  and  hot-houses.  [United  States.] 

Sweet  scented.  Variable  in  colour,  white,  yellow,  pink,  rufous,  brown,  &c, 
Pileus  1|  in.  broad,  sub-campanulate,  strongly  umbonate,  whitish,  with  red- 
dish scales  ;  gills  numerous,  quite  free,  nearly  reaching  the  stem,  ventricose; 
stem  2-3|in.high,  2  lines  thick,  hollow,  but  stuffed  with  cottony  tibres,  whit- 
ish, pale  brownish,  or  rufescent.  the  whole  clothed  with  iibrillose  scales.  Eing 
sometimes  remaining  on  the  stem,  but  generally  attached  to  the  margin  of 
the  pileus,  or  evanescent.     Inodorous  and  insipid. — M.J.B. 

26.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)   cristatus.      Fr.     "  Stinking  Lepiota." 

Pileus  slightly  fleshy,  rather  obtuse,  cuticle  at  first  continuous, 
naked,  then  broken  into  sub-granulose  scales.  Stem  fistulose, 
slender,  even,  equal ;  ring  entire,  evanescent :  gills  free,  at  length 
remote. — Fr.Fjncr. p.  16.  Batsch.f.  206.  Price f.  106.  Grev.t. 
176.  Krombh.  t.  25,  /.  26-30.  BerJc.  Outl.pl.  3/  7.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p. 
9.  Huss.  \.  t.  48.  Berk.  Exs.  no.  1. 

In  fields,  lawns,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pretty,  and  remarkable  for  its  strong  scent.  Solitary  or  subgregarious. 
Pileus  ^-IJ  in.  broad,  expanded,  umbonate,  white,  the  cuticle  broken  into 
rufescent  scales,  -nhichare  either  flat  or  reflexed.  less  frequent  on  the  margin, 
ring  sometimes  attached  in  fragments  to  the  margin,  sometimes  moveable 
on  the  stem,  flesh  firm,  thin  ;  gills  remote,  numerous,  slightly  ventricose,  the 
margin  uneven,  often  imbricated,  tinged  slightly  with  yellow.  Stem  1-2  in. 
high,  1-2  lines  thick,  tough,  composed  of  fibres,  smooth  or  fibrillose,  hollow 
but  with  a  few  cottony  fibres,  flesh  towards  the  base  reddish,  with  a  rooting 
mass  of  branched  fibres.  Spores  white,  elliptic.  Smell  and  taste  strong  and 
unpleasant. — J/.  /.  B. 


16  AGAEICINI. 

Sect.  3.     Annulosi — ring  fixed. 

27.  Agairicus  (Lepiota)  vittadini.     Moretti.    "  Great  white 

Lepiota." 

Pileiisflesliy,  obtuse,  rough  with  strong  wart-like  scales  ;  stem 
solid,  cylindrical,  stout,  concentrically  squarrose  ;  ring  large ; 
gills  free,  ventricose,  thick. — Moret.  Bot.  Ital.  t.  1.  Vitt.Am.  1. 1. 
Krombh.  t.'276,f.  1-14.  Huss.  i.  /.  85. 

In  pastures.     Rare.     Norfolk,  Northamptonshire,  Hunts,  &c. 
A  large  species  of  a  pure  white ;  extremely  beautiful.  Considered  poisonous, 

28.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)  holosericeus.     Fr.     "  Silky  Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  obtuse,  soft,  silky  fibrillose,  becoming  even ;  stem 
solid,  bulbous,  sericeo-fibrillose,  ring  superior,  persistent,  broad, 
reflexed:  gills  free,  ventricose,  white,  growing  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr, 
p.  16.  Smith  Seem.  Journ.  1868. 

In  moist  woods.     Staplehurst,  Kent.     Esculent. 

Large,  inodorous.  Pileus  flesiiy,  soft,  smooth,  convex,  then  expanded,  disc 
never  umbonate.  of  a  floccose  silky  texture,  fragile,  entirely  uniform  in  colour, 
3  in.  or  more  broad,  gills  free,  broad,  ventricose,  crowded,  pallid;  stem  solid 
2|^-4  in.  high,  \  in.  or  more  thick,  bulbous  at  the  base,  soft,  fragile,  silky 
fibrous  ;  ring  superior,  membranaceous,  broad,  soft,  pendulous  and  reflexed. 
Spores  -0003  X  "0002  in.— IT.  G.  S. 

29.  Agaricus   (Lepiota)   naucinus.     Fr.    "Large  spored 

Lepiota," 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  cuticle  thin,  entire,  or  breaking  up  into  gran- 
ules, somewhat  umbonate  and  smooth  in  the  centre  ;  stem  almost 
hollow, thickened  at  the  base,  attenuated  upwards,  fibrillose  ;  ring 
large,at  length  evanescent;  gills  approximate,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.U.  Krombh.  t.  24,/.  20-23.  Paul.t.l60,f.  1-2.  Bait.  t.  7-9. 
Vejit.t.4:8,f.b-6. 

In  fields. 

Delicate  tan  color,  the  gills  at  length  assuming  a  dirty  pink  hue.  The  large 
white  spores  are  very  characteristic.    Easily  confounded  with  A.  cretaceiis. 

30.  Agaricus   (Lepiota)   cepcestipes.     Sow.     "Onion  stemmed 

Lepiota." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  ovate,  then  expanded,  mealy  and 
scaly,  disc  fleshy  and  broadly  umbonate ;  margin  plicate  ;  stem 
hollow,  floccose,  thickest  in  the  middle,  or  at  the  base;  ring  evan- 
escent ;  gills  at  length  remote. — Soiv.  t.  2.  Grev.  t.  333.  Sturm,  t. 
1.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1798.  Eng.  Fl.  v.p.  7.   Gard.  Chron.,  I860,;?.  47. 


AGAEICIXI.  1 7 

On  tan  and  eaves  in  liot-houses. 

White  or  yellow,  stem  variable-  Gregarious  or  tufted.  Pileus  1-3  in.  broad, 
ovate  conical  when  young,  then  campanulate,  and  finally  nearly  or  quite  plane, 
darkest  in  the  centre,  and  more  or  less  covered  with  small  scattered  fibrous 
scales,  fles'i  thin,  margin  very  thin,  and  semitransparent,  plicate,  substance 
tough.  Gills  numerous,  thin,  bro  d,  rounded  near  the  stem,  and  separated 
from  it  by  a  circular  space,  but  the  stem  is  not  penetrating.  Stem  3-6  in. 
high,  straight  or  crooked,  firm,  even,  smooth,  narrow  at  the  top,  ventricose, 
then  narrower  at  the  bottom,  somewhat  pruinose,  the  centre  at  first  stuffed, 
then  hollow  Ring  perfect,  erect,  persistent.  In  decay  the  pileus  becomes 
brownish.— &m-.     Spores  '0003  X  -OUOlSin.— ir.  G.  S. 

Sect  4,     Mesomorphi- — intermediate  forms. 

31.  Agaricus    (Lepiota)    granulosus.     Batsch.     "  Granular 

Lepiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  soft,  mealy  with  innate 
granules,  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  nearlyequal,  floccoso-squamose 
below  the  ring  ;  gills  crowded,  reaching  the  stem,  or  free,  white. 
—  Fr.Epicr.p.ll .  Eng.  Fl.y, p. 10.  Sow,  t.  Id.  Bull.  t.SG'2,  530, 
f.S,t.l04:.  Huss.i.t.4.D.  Batsch.  f.  2^-07.  Fl.Dan.t.lG77,f.l, 
t.  1795.  Bolt.  t.DlJ.2. 

In  woods  and  on  heaths.  [United   States.] 

White,  pink,  vermilion,  yellow,  &c.  Always  easily  distinguished  by  its  mealy 
granular  aspect  Subgregarious.  Pileus  |-1  in.  broad,  usually  dull  reddish 
yellow  Fleshy  in  the  centre,  at  tirst  convex,  or  obtusely  umbonate,  at  length 
often  plane  or  depressed,  somewhat  wrinkled,  covered  with  furfuraceous 
scales  Gills  white,  or  yello\vish  white,  fixed  to  the  stem,  ventricose  and 
sometimes  nearly  free.  Stem  1-3  in.  high,  1-4  lines  thick,  slightly  incrassated 
at  the  base,  solid  when  young,  becoming  hollow  with  age,  stuffed  at  the  base, 
sometimes  slightly  compressed,  with  a  subfugacious  flocculose  ring  about  the 
middle,  above  which  it  is  slightly  fibrillose,  beneath  it  scaly  like  the  pileus. — 
M.  J  B.     Spores  -00012  X  -00015  in.—  W.  G.  S. 

It  is  the  variety  Ar/iianthinv.s,  which  is  found  in  this  country. 

32.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)  polystictus.     Berk.     "Little  brown 

Lepiota." 

Inodorous,  fleshy ;  cuticle  continuous,  or  broken  into  scales  ; 
stem  attenuated  downwards,  stuffed  with  cottony  threads,  scaly 
below  the  fugacious  ring,  silky  above  ;  gills  crowded,  rounded  be- 
fore and  behind,  free,  white,  with  a  pale-yellow  tinge. — Eng.  Fl. 
Y.p.  9.  Berh.  Out. p.  95. 

Amongst  short  grass  by  roadsides. 

Pileus  1\  in.  across,  not  at  all  campanulate,  expanded,  and  broaflly.  obtusely 
umbonate,  flesh  thick  in  tl  e  centre,  firm  and  tough,  the  cuticle  broken  into 
minute  flat  scales  of  a  rich  red  brown.  GiJs  numerous,  unequal,  rounded  be- 
fore and  behind,  broad,  ventricose  quite  free,  the  margin  serrulate,  white, 
with  a  slight  yellowish  tinge.     Stem  1  in.  high,  |  in.  thick  in  the  middle. 


18 


AGARICINI, 


divided  into  two  distinct  portions,  the  upper  silky,  of  a  pinkish  hue,  the  lower 
scaly,  like  the  pileus,  but  the  scales  browner,  attenuated  at  the  base,  hollow, 
stuffed  with  fine  silky  filaments,  with  many  branched  fibrous  roots.  Ring 
fugacious,  attached  in  minute  portions  to  the  edge  of  the  pileus.  laodorous 
and  insipid.— J/.  /.  B.     Spores  -0001  X  -00012  in.—  W.  Q.  S. 


Sect.  5.     Illiniti. — pileus  viscid. 

33.  Agaricus  (Lepiota)  gliodermus.     Fr.     '*  Viscid  Lepiota." 

Pileus  thin,  soft,  campanulate,  convex,  smooth,  even,  rufous, 
viscid  ;  stem  whitish,  floccoso-squamose,  stuffed  with  cottony 
threads;  ring  torn;  gills  free,  white,  approximate. — Fr.  Hym. 
Mon.  p.  31.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  785. 

In  woods.     Aug.     Wothoi-p,  near  Stamford. 

Pileus  1|  in.  across.  Stem  about  3  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick,  equal,  dry,  as 
far  as  the  incomplete  torn  ring  floccoso-squamulose,  above  the  ring  naked, 
whitish,  or  rufescent.     Gills  broad,  crowded,  white. 

Sub-Gen.  3.     Armillaria.     Fr.     S.  M.,  i.  p.  26. 

Veil  partial,  in  infancy  attaching  the 
edge  of  pileus  to  the  upper  part  of  stem, 
and  often  formingflocci  on  the  pileus  (g); 
pileus  generally  fleshy ;  stem  homogene- 
ous and  confluent  with  the  hymenophore, 
furnished  with  a  ring  (sometimes  absent 
in  abnormal  specimens),  below  the  ring 
the  veil  is  concrete  with  the  stem,  often 
forming  scales  upon  it,  similar  to  the 
scurfy  scales  on  the  pileus  ;  gills  broadly 
touching,  or  running  down  the  stem. 

Hab.      On  the  ground,  or  on  stumps 
of  trees. — {PI.  11.^  jig.  3,  Ag.  melleus.) 

This  subgenus  corresponds  with  Pholiota  and 
StroplMria  ;  it  is  also  allied  to  Trkholoraa, 
Clitocyhe,  and  Collyhia,  amongst  the  white- 
spored  Agarics.  Fries  subdivides  Anidllo.ria 
into  groups,  depending  on  their  relations  to 
Fig.  86.  one  or  other  of  these  subgenera. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Tricholomoidece. 

34.  Agaricus  (Armillaria)  constrictus.  Fr.    "  White  Armillaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  obtuse,  even,  dry,  with  an 
evanescent  silky  lustre  ;   stem  solid,  nearly  equal ;  ring  superior, 


AGAEICIXI.  19 

evanescent;  gills  emarginate,  crowded,  vrliite. — Fr.Epicr.p.22. 
Batt.  t.  7,f.  4.  Eng.  Fl.  y.pt.  2, p.  11.  Fr.  Icon.  t.  18,/.  1. 

In  pastures,  where  the  ground  is  bleached  with  urine.  Rare. 
Northamptonshire. 

Purewhitf,  odourvery  strong,  like  that  of  fresh,  meal.  Pileus  obtuse,  plano- 
convex, broadly  umbonate,  fleshy,  shining  vrith.  a  silky  lustre,  assuming  a  very 
pale  yellow  tint  when  bruised  ;  gills  close,  very  deeply  emarginate,  even  when 
quite  young  ;  stem  2  in.  high,  j  in.  thick,  rather  flexuous,  fibrillose,  solid,  more 
lax  and  fibnllose  within,  very  brittle  ;  when  young,  with  a  delicate  web-like 
curtain,  which  soon  vanishes  ;  spores  white,  subelliptic — M.  J.  B. 

35.  Agaricus  (Armillaria)  raxnentaceus.     £uU.    "Dingy 

Armillaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  villoso-squamose,  dry  ; 
stem  solid,  unequal,  scaly;  ring  inferior,  of  interwoven  flocci ;  gills 
emarginate,  crowded,  whitish,  then  discoloured. — BulLt.  595./.  3. 
— Bei^k.  Out.  p.  96. 

On  the  ground.     Xot  common. 

Whitish  or  yellowish,  scales  brown,  odour  unpleasant. 

Sect.  2.       Clitocyholde(E» 

36.  Agaricus  (Armillaria)  melleus.      Vahl.   "  Honey- Coloured 

Armillaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  at  length  plane,  clothed  with  fibrous  scales ; 
margin  striate  ;  stem  spongy,  stuffed,  elastic,  fibrillose  ;  ring 
floccose,  patent ;  gills  adnate,  ending  in  a  decurrent  tooth,  some- 
what distant,  pallid,  then  mealy  with  the  profuse  white  spores, 
and  spotted  with  reddish-brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  23.  Berk.  Outl.  t. 
4,/.  i.  Cooke,  B.  F.,  t.  3.  Fl.Dan.  t.  1013.  Vitt.Mang.  t.  3.  Vent. 
t.  24,  t.  25,/.  1,  2.  Lenz.f.  7.  Price,/.  16,  32.  Kromh.  t.  i.  /.  13,  t. 
43,/ 2-6.  Gard.Chron.{l^^O),p.i).  Badh.i.  t.l6,f.3,n.  t.d,f. 
3.  Sow.t.lOl.  Batt.t.n,F.B.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.U.  Gonn.^-Rahh. 
t.  3.  Barla.  t.  11.  A.laricinus.  Bolt.  1. 19  ? 

On  dead  stumps.     Very  common.  [United  States.] 

Densely  csespitose,  pale  rufous,  more  or  less  shaded  with  yellow.  Some- 
times without  a  ling.  Pileus  2-7  in,  across,  fleshy,  at  first  convex,  then 
piano-expanded,  often  sub-umbonate,  variously  lobed,  dirty  yellow,  brownish 
yellow,  or  reddish,  rough  with  reflexed  scales,  especially  towards  the  centre, 
which  are  at  first  bright  wax-yellow,  at  lensfth  dark  brown ;  margin 
slightly  striate,  flesh  firm  ;  giUs  distant,  adnato-decurrent,  at  first  pale,  at 
length  reddish,  mealy  with  the  white  spores  ;  stem  2-8  in.  high,  swollen  at 
the  base,  thinnest  in  the  middle,  fibrillose,  with  a  slight  yellow  pubescence 
at  the  base,  yellowish  or  reddish,  occasionally  somewhat  scaly  near  the  apex, 
firm  and  elastic,  solid  ;  ring  large,  yellow,  tumid,  spreading: ;  odour  agree- 
able ;  esculent,  but  not  commendable.— J/".  /.  B.  Spores  -QOOoo  X  "00023  in. 
—  W.  G.  S.  (PI.  ii.,  fig.  3  and  fig.  36.) 


20  AGARICINI. 

Sect.  3.       CollyhioidetE. 

37.  Agaricus   (Armillaxia)   mucidus.     Fr.     "Clammy 

Armillaria." 

Pilous  thin,  soft,  convex,  then  expanded,  rugulose,  glutinous; 
stem  stuffed,  rigid,  thickened  at  the  base  ;  ring  superior,  re- 
flexed,  with  the  margin  erect,  striate ;  gills  rounded,  striato-decur- 
rent,  distant,  white.—i^r.^pzcr.;?.  24.  i^/.Dcm.i.  773,1 130,1372. 
Gard.  Chron.,  1861, p.  576.  Tratt.  Austr.  t.  27.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  11. 
Saund.4'  S?n.  t.  5.  Price,/.  91. 

On  Beech.  [United  States.] 

Pure  white,  or  with  a  cinereous  tinge;  caespitose.  Pileus  1|-  in.  broad, 
white,  tinged  with  brown,  hemispherical,  clammy,  uneven,  radiato-rugose, 
tough;  margin  thin,  somewhat  turned  in;  gills  broad,  distant,  rounded 
behind,  but  not  in  front,  adnata,  margin  serrulate  ;  stem  l|-3  in.  high,  1-2 
lines  thick,  bulbous,  attenuated  upwards,  often  curved,  white,  brown  at  the 
base,  with  minute  adpressed  scales,  juicy,  solid,  with  a  pale  line  down  the 
centre  ;  ring  persistent ;  margin  often  brown,  and  slimy,  adhering  so  closely 
to  the  stem  by  its  upper  portion  as  easily  to  escape  notice  in  an  advanced 
stage  of  growth.— ili".  /.  B.     Spores  -00063  X  "OOOSB  in.— IF.  G.  S. 

[Agahicus  millus.  Sow.  is  doubtful,  Berkeley  refers  it  to  A.  (Tricho- 
loma)  terreus,  and  Smith,  following  Fries,  in  "Middlesex  Flora,"  to 
Armillaria.'] 

Sub-Gen.  4.     Tricholoma.     Fr.  S.  M.  i.,  p.  36. 

Veil  absent,  or  if  present,  floccose,  and  adhering  to  the  margin, 
of  pileus;  pileus  generally  fleshy;  stem  homogeneous, and  confluent 
with  the  hymenophore,  central,  and  subfleshy,  without  either  ring 
or  volva,  and  with  no  distinct  bark-like  coat;  gills  sinuate,  i.  e., 
with  a  sinus  (or  small  sudden  curve)  near  the  stem  (h). 

Hab.  All  the  species  grow  on  the  ground,  the  larger  in  hilly 

woods,  and  the  smaller  in  pastures. — (Fl.  II.,  f.A.) 

Most  of  the  species  grow  in  the  autumn,  some  very  late,  but  a  group  of 
which  A.  gambosus,  Fr.  is  the  type,  is  strictly  vernal,  and  the  species  consti- 
tuting it  have  long  been  considered  special  delicacies  ;  the  greater  number 
of  the  remaining  species  are  also  edible,  and  have  a  pleasant  odour  like 
that  of  new  flour,  but  a  few  are  rank  and  suspicious,  of  which  A.  sajjonaceus 
is  an  example. 

A.     Limacina — ^pileus  viscid. 
Sect.  1.     Gills  white,  not  changing. 

38.  Agaxicus  (Tricholoma)  equestris.    lAnn.     "  Fir-wood 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  flexuose, 
squamulose,  viscid  ;  stem  solid,  obese,  sulphur  coloured,  as  well  as 


AGARICINI.  21 

the  free,  crowded  gills. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  26.  Schcpff.  t.  41.  Buxh.  iv., 
1. 10.  Price,  f.  92.  Berk.  Out.  t.  4,/.  2.  Ann.N.H.  no.  665.  Krombh. 
t.  l,f.  16-17.  ^.  68,/.  18,  21.  Harz.  t.  22. 

Amongst  fir  leaves.     Eare. 

Pileus  yellow,  inclining  to  reddish,  3-5  in.  broad,  disc  and  scales  darker. 
Yariable  in  the  length  and  thickness  of  the  stem.  Spores  '00023  X  'OOOio  in. 
—  W.G.S. 

39.  Agaxicus  (Tricholoma)  sejunctus.     Sow.    ''  Separating 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  unequal,  slightly- 
viscid,  streaked  with  black  fibres  ;  stem  solid,  stout,  ventricose, 
sub-squamulose  ;  gills  emarginate,  broad,  rather  distant,  white. 
— Sow.  1. 126.  Fr.  Epicr.p.  26.  Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  19.  Berk.  Out. p. 
97.  Fr.  Icon.  t.  23. 

In  mixed  woods.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  several  in.  across  ;  stem  2-3  in.  high.  Odour  unpleasant,  taste  bitter, 
margin  of  the  pileus  thin,  yellow,  "  Pileus  dirty  yellow  or  nearly  white  ;  gills 
whitish  and  thickest  near  the  stem,  somewhat  flattened,  as  it  were,  by  separ- 
ating from  it  in  a  peculiar  manner,  and  partly  adhering  to  each  other."— <Sa2^. 
Spores  nearly  spherical  '00025  in. —  W.  Cr.  »S'. 

40.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  portentosus.     Fr.     "Dingy 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  sub-umbonate,  unequal, 
viscid,  streaked  with  black  innate  lines  ;  margin  thin  ;  stem  solid, 
stout,  equal,  striate ;  gills  emarginate,  very  broad,  white,  at  length 
distant  and  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  27.  Ann.N.H.  no.  666.  Fr.Icon. 
t.24:a.  Harz.  t.  73. 

In  woods.     Sept.     King's  Chffe. 

Closely  resembling  A.  sejunctus.  Stem  3,  sometimes  4-6in.  long,  1  in.  thick, 
solid.  Pileus  3-5  in.  brc  ad.  livid  or  dingy,  sometimes  with  a  tinge  of  violet. 
Flesh  scarcely  compact,  white.    Spores  'OOOIS  X  '00013  in.— TF.  G.  S. 

41.  Agaxicus  (Tricholoma)  fucatus.    i^r.  '•  Stained  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  thin,  conical,  then  convex,  at  length  expanded,  flexu- 
ose,  viscid,  streaked  with  innate  lines  ;  disc  fleshy  ;  stem  solid, 
somewhat  bulbous,  squamulose ;  gills  emarginate,  rather  crowded, 
yellowish-white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  27.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  116.  Fr.  Icon,  t, 
245. 

In  pine  groves. 

^  The  thin  pileus,  squamulose,  sub-bulbous  stem,  and  yellowish  gills  dis- 
tinguish it  from  A.  j^orUrdosuS'     Pileus  slightly  viscid,  flesh  thick  in  the 


22  AGARICINI. 

centre,  margin  thin,  yellowish,  with  cinereous  fibrillse,  subrimulose,  with  a 
satiny  lustre.  Gills  broad,  emarginate,  slightly  wavy,  moderately  thick, 
not  distant,  scarcely  connected  by  veins,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  yellow.  Stem 
tinged  with  yellow,  as  is  the  outer  flesh,  punctato-squamulose,  bulbous, 
attenuated  upwards.     Odour  like  that  of  new  flour. — M.  J.  B. 

42.  Agaxicus  (Tricholoma)  sperznaticus.    Fr,    ''Stinking 

Tricholoma." 

White.  Pileus  ratlier  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse, 
repand,  smooth,  viscid ;  margin  membranaceous,  naked  ;  stem 
stuffed,  then  hollow,  elongated,  twisted,  even  ;  gills  emarginate, 
rather  distant,  eroded. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  27.  Paul.  t.  45,/.  1-3.  Paul. 
t.  45. 

In  fir  woods. 
Pileus  several  inches  across.     Smell  strong,  unpleasant. 

Sect.  2.     Gills  discoloured. 

43.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  nictitans.    Fr.     '•'  Spotted  Gills 

'•  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  smooth,  viscid, 
even  ;  stem  stufl"ed,  dry,  elastic,  nearly  equal,  squamulose,  yel- 
lowish ;  gills  from  the  first  rounded  behind,  free,  yellow,  crowded, 
obscurely  spotted  with  reddish  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  28.  Bull.t. 
574:yf.  1.  Huss.  ii.  t.  46.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  G67. 

In  woods.     Sept. 

Inodorous.  Stem  3  in.  long,  |  in.  and  more  thick.  Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  viscid, 
yellowish,  disc  darker.     Spores  -0003  X  '0002  in.-TF.  G.  S. 

44.  Agaxicus  (Tricholoma)  fulvellus.     Fr.     "Tawny  Tricho- 

loma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  viscid,  even,  disc  darker, 
punctato-rugose,  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  fibrillose,  whitish,  then 
rufous,  naked  above  ;  gills  rounded,  then  emarginate,  crowded, 
white,  then  rufescent. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  28.  Ag.fulvus  Bull.  t.  555, 
/.  2.  Ann.J^.H.no.bd. 

In  woods.     Inodorous. 

Considered  by  Fries  (Epicr.)  as  a  variety  of  A.  nictitans.  Sometimes  the 
gills  and  inside  of  the  stem  are  more  or  less  yellow.  Smaller  than  the  last. 
Spores  nearly  spherical  '00015  in. —  IF.  G.  S. 

45.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)   flavo-brunneus.     Fr,     "Yellow- 

brown  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  conical,  then  convex,  at  length  expanded,  sub- 
imibonate,  viscid,  clothed  with  streak-like  scales ;   stem  hollow, 


AGARICIXI.  23 

somewhat  ventricose,  fibrillose,  at  first  Tiscid,  yellowisli  witlim, 
tip  naked  ;  gills  emarginate,  decnrrent,  crowded,  yellowish,  then 
rufous. — Fr.  Epicr.iy.  29.  Letell.f.  707.  Fr.  Icon.  t.  26a. 

In  woods. 

Odour  that  of  new  meal.  Stem  3-5  in.  long,  f  in.  thick,  mfescent  or  brownish. 
PUeus  3-6  in.  broad,  disc  darker,  dingy  rufous,  or  reddish  brown. 

46.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  ustalis.    Fr,     "  Burnt  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy, convexo-plane,  obtuse,  smooth, "viscid;  stem  stuffed, 
equal,  dry,  rufo-fibrillose,  apex  naked,  silky,  nearly  smooth  ;  gills 
emarginate,  crowded,  white,  at  length  with  reddish  spots. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  29.  Mon.  Hym.  i.p.  58.  Batt.  f.  17.  c. 

Chiefly  in  pine  woods.     Reigate  (TF.  G.  S.) 

Pileus  fleshy,  not  compact  ;  hemispherical  at  first,  umbonate,  soon  plane 
and  obtuse,  glabrous,  edge  not  striate,  dotted  on  the  disc  ;  gills  emarginate, 
with  a  decurrent  tooth,  crowded,  moderately  broad,  white,  at  length  turn- 
ing red  ;  stem  stuffed,  at  length  hollow,  two  to  three  in.  long,  about  half 
in.  thick,  equal,  dry,  fibrous,  whitish  or  turning  red.  whiter  and  silky  at 
the  apes,  but  not  mealy  j  scentless.     Spores  "0003  X  '0002  in.. —  IT.  G.  >:>'. 

47.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  albo-brunneus.     P.     "White  and 

Brown  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  yiscid, 
streaked  ;  disc  papillose  ;  stem  solid,  short,  equal,  white  above 
and  squamulose ;  gills  emarginate,  crowded,  white,  then  brown- 
ish.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  29.  Sow.  t.  4tl6.  Schcef.t.oS.  Eng.  Fl.y.p. 
15.  Barla.  1. 12. 

In  woods.     Smell  like  new  meal. 

Csespitose.  Pileas  3  in.  broad,  convex,  flattish,  very  glutinous,  dirty 
white,  changing  to  a  ferruginous  tint.  Gills  white  or  brown,  very  broad, 
and  sligLtly  angular  near  the  stem.  Stem  3  in.  high,  i  in.  thick,  generally 
swollen  near  the  middle,  attenuated  above  and  below,  towards  the  base 
highly  ferruginous.  When  young  covered  with  a  shaggy  wool,  which  soon 
disappears.  Eemarkably  glutinous,  so  that  leaves  and  sticks  which  are  in 
contact  can  scarce  be  separated  without  tearing  the  pileus.  The  pileas 
appears  when  grown  to  be  constantly  smooth,  but  the  stem,  though  occa- 
sionally smooth,  generally  has  the  apex  pale  and  squamulose,  and  the  lower 
part  more  or  less  marked  with  transverse  scales. — M.J.B.  Spores '00014 
X  -00016  in.—  W.  G.  S. 

48.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  pessundatus.    Fr.    '•  Overturned 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convex,  very  obtuse,  repand,  viscid, 
granulose,  spotted  ;  stem  solid,  firm,  at  first  ovato-bulbose,  every- 


24  AGARICINI. 

where  villous  with  whitish  scales;  gills  free,  or  emarginate,  crowded, 
white,  at  length  spotted  with  rufous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.'2.^.  Mon.Hym. 
i.jo.  58.  Sterh.t.S,A. 

In  pine  woods.     (J.  A.  C.) 

Pileus  compactly  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  very  obtuse,  bent, 
glabrous,  never  striate,  but  scaly,  spotted,  viscid,  chestnut  or  red,  paler  at 
the  circumference  ;  gills  deeply  emarginate,  crowded  at  first,  very  narrow, 
shining,  then  wider  and  reddish  ;  stem  solid,  hard,  at  first  bulbous,  entirely 
villoso-scaly,  at  length  nearly  equal,  2  to  3  ins.  long,  1  in.  thick,  nearly 
glabrous,  white,  odour  strong,  like  new  meal,  taste  pleasant,  spores  '0002  X 
•0001  in.;  allied  to  A.  russula,  vfhich.  is  distinguished  by  its  granular  rosy 
pileus.—  W.  G.  S. 

[Fries  places  Agaricus  frumentaceus^  Bull,  here,  whilst  Berkeley  removes 
it  to  Entoloma,  on  the  ground  that  the  spores  are  rose-coloured.J 

B.     Flocculosa. — pileus  dry,  fibrillose. 
Sect.  1.     Gills  whitish,  not  spotted. 

49.        Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  rutilans.    ScTusff,    "  Red-haired 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  dry,  variegated,  as 
well  as  the  somewhat  hollow,  soft,  ventricose  stem,  with  purpHsh 
down  ;  gills  rounded,  crowded,  yellow  ;  edge  thickened,  villous. — 
Fr.Epicr.p.  30.  Schoeff.  t.  219.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  17.  Sow.  t.  31.  Fl. 
Dan.t.UiO.  Bolt.t.U.  £uxb.Y.t.4:6.  Krombh.t.  63,/.  10-12. 

On  pine  stumps.     Common. 

Subcsespitose.  Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  at  first  hemispherical;  or  somewhat 
cylindrical,  at  length  expanded,  obtuse,  more  rarely  plane,  clothed  with  a 
short,  dense,  crimson-red  or  olive-purple  down,  margin  involute,  white;  as 
the  pileus  expands  the  yellow  cuticle  becomes  visible  in  the  interstices  of 
the  down,  which  is  then  scattered.  Gills  free,  broad,  rounded  behind,  but 
often  when  old  adnexed,  sometimt  s  forked,  bright  yellow,  floccoso-serrate, 
margin  tuning  sometimes  to  a  rich  yellow-brown.  Stem  2|-3f  in.  high, 
^-1  in.  thick,  downy,  like  the  pileus,  only  the  down  is  shorter,  very  obtuse 
at  the  bafe.  attenuated  upwards,  solid,  then  occasionally  hollow.  Odour 
strong.     Taste  bitter.— 3/.  /. B.     Spores  -00033  X  "0002  in.-  W.  G.  S. 

60.        Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  scalpturatus.     Fr.     "Scratched 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  conical,  then  convex,  and  expanded,  obtuse, 
breaking  up  into  floccose,  umber,  or  rufous  scales ;  stem  stuffed, 
unequal,  white,  fibrillose  ;  gills  emarginate,  somewhat  crowded, 
quite  entire,  white,  then  yellowish. — Fr.  Eincr.  p.  31.  Batt.,  t. 
15/.  (young).  A.  argyraceus.  Eng.  Fl.,  No.  36,  in  part. 

Fir  plantations,  borders  of  woods,  &c. 

Stem  solid,  2-3  in.  long,  Hn.  thick,  firm,  closely  fibrillose.    Pileus  2-3  in. 
broad,  the  cuticle  breaking  up  in  scattered,  floccose,  umber,  or  rufous  scales 
Flesh  whitish. 


AGAEICINI.  25 

51.  Agaricus  (Tricholoxna)  luzidus.     ScTicsff.     '-  Lurid  Triclio- 

loma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  snb-repand,  dry,  smooth, 
at  length  breaking  up  into  little  fibres  ;  stem  stuffed,  stout,  un- 
equal, smooth  ;  gills  emarginate,  crowded,  dirty  "svhite. — Schceff.j 
t.  69.  Fr.Epicr.p.  31.  Batt,  t.  17.  B.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  16. 

In  woods.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Subgregarious.  Pileus  Sin.  broad,  at  first  convex,  tben  expanded,  often 
lobed  and  waved,  brown  or  greyish,  with  tints  of  yellow,  sub-umbonate, 
fibrilloso- striate,  fleshy  ;  flesh  firm.  Gills  broad,  thick,  rounded  behind, 
nearly  free,  but  annexed  by  a  small  tooth,  connected  by  veins,  much  broken 
or  notched.  Stem  2-4  in.  long.  3-5  lines  thick,  obese,  nearly  equal,  or 
slightly  attenuated,  solid,  minutely  and  closely  fibrillose,  pulverulento- 
squamulose  above,  where  it  is  yellowish,  undulated,  sometimes  of  a  beauti- 
ful red  when  bruised.    Odour  like  new  flour. — Eng.  Fl. 

52.  Agazicus  (Tzicholoxna)  coluznbetta.     Fr.      -Dove-colour 

Tricholoma." 

White  ;  pileus  fleshy,  ovate,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  rigid,  sub- 
flexuose,  at  first  smooth,  then  silky,  fibrillose,  or  squamulose  ; 
margin  involute,  at  first  tomentose  ;  stem  solid,  stout,  unecj^ual, 
striate,  nearly  smooth;  gills  emarginate,  crowded,  thin,  somewhat 
serrulated. — Fr.Epicr.p.?)^.  Kromh.  t.  25,/.  6-7.  Letell.  t.  625. 
Fr.  Icon.  t.  29  b.  Sterb.  t.  9.  B.  4'C.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  19.  Ann.  N. 
H.,  no.  259. 

In  woods.     Oct.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1^-4  in.  broad,  convex,  silky,  centre  dilute  mouse  colour,  lightly 
shaded  ofi",  border  white  when  young,  sometimes  tinged  -uith  pink,  cracking 
with  age.  Gills  fixed,  white,  brittle.  Stem  -  in.  high,  3-6  lines  thick,  solid, 
white,  cylindrical,  often  compressed,  crooked,  silky,  central  when  young,  not 
always  so  in  a  more  advanced  age.—  Wi(h.  Sometimes  the  pileus  is  white,  spot- 
ted with  reddish,  or  with  a  yellowish  tinge.  Spores  "00023  +  'OOOIS  in. — 
W.G.S. 

Sect.  2.     Gills  discoloured,  or  spotted. 

53.  Agazicus  (Tricholoma)  imbzicatus.    Fr.     '"Imbricated 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  dry, 
innato-squamulose ;  margin  at  first  inflexed,  pubescent ;  stem  solid, 
stout,  pruinose  above ;  gills  emarginate,  adnexed,  somewhat 
crowded,  white,  then  becoming  rufescent. — Epicr.p>.  33.  Schcef.  t. 
25.  Berl.  Out!,  t.  4,/.  3.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  17.  Fr.  Icon.  t.  30. 

In  fir  woods. 


26  AGARICINI. 

Gregarious.  Pileus  2-82- in.  broad,  dry,  obtuse,  at  first  subconic,  then 
convex,  expanded,  sometimes  plane,  very  broadly  umbonate,  fleshy,  rich  red 
brown,  fibrilloso-squamulose,  rimulose,  the  umbo  darker,  with  the  fibrils 
closer  ;  occasionally  the  pileus  is  scarcely  squamulose,  but  clothed  with  ad- 
pressed  silky  fibrils.  I\rargin  involute,  paler,  tomentose.  Gills  slightly 
rounded  behind,  subadnate  with  a  minute  tooth,  or  nearly  free,  umber  when 
bruised,  not  very  broad.  Stem  2^-4 in,  high,  i-f  in.  thick,  firm,  etufied,  at 
length  more  or  less  hollow,  sometimes  strongly  attenuated,  sometimes  in- 
crassated  at  the  base,  fibrillose,  colour  of  the  pileus,  nearly  white  above, 
where  it  is,  squamulose  or  pubescent.  — il/./.i>.  Spores  "00023  X  '00018  in. 
-  W.  G.  S. 

54.  Agaricus  (Txicholoma)  vaccinus.     P.     "  Scaly  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  dry,  rough 
with  floccose  scales ;  margin  involute,  tomentose  ;  stem  hollow, 
equal,  fibrillose ;  gills  fixed,  somewhat  distant,  white,  at  length 
rufescent. — Pers.  Syn. p.  2^3.  F?\  Ej)icr.  p.S3.  Batscli.f.  116. 
Pers.  Ic.  ^'  Desc.  t.  2,/.  1-4.  Eng.  FL  y.p.  17. 

In  fir  woods.  Sept.   Oct.  [Carolina,  U.S.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  campanulate  when  young,  clothed  with  scales,  those 
in  the  centre  thick,  broad,  short,  on  the  margin  consisting  of  fasciculate 
hairs.  Gills  rather  broad,  emarginate,  nearly  free,  at  first  dirty  white,  in 
age  of  a  rufous  hue,  margin  geni-rally  stained  with  rusty  spots.  Stem  3-4  in. 
high,  ^in.  thick,  beset  with  hairy  scales,  which  mostly  point  upwards,  paler 
than  the  pileus,  whitish  above,  base  clothed  with  white  down.  Veil  fugacious. 
Taste  bitter. — Pers. 

55.  Agaricus  (Tiricholoina)  crassifolius.     Berk.     "  Thick  gilled 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  waved,  minutely  adpresso-squamulose,  umbonate, 
ochraceous  ;  disc  umber  ;  stem  solid,  nearly  equal,  pruinose  ;  gills 
thick,  moderately  distant,  nearly  free,  at  length  yellowish,  stained 
with  brown. — Outl.p.  100.  A.pachypliyllus.  Eng. FL, p. 16. 

In  fir  woods. 

Gregarious.  Pileus  2-4 in.  across,  rather  wavy,  umbonate,  at  length  often 
depressed,  ochraceous,  shaded  towards  the  centre  with  umber,  minutely 
squamulose,  sometimes  (when  old)  the  epidermis  cracks  in  broad  scales,  flesh. 
very  firm.  Gills  slightly  adnexed  or  nearly  free,  acute  behind,  moderately 
distant,  thick,  fleshy,  acquiring  at  length  an  ochraceous  hue,  here  and  there 
stained  with  umber.  Stem  l|-2  in,  long,  f  of  nnin.  thick,  solid,  nearly  equal, 
pruinose,  much  paler  than  the  pileus.    Odour  rather  strong. — jEhc/.  FL 

56.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  murinaceus.     Bull.    "  Mouse 

Colour  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  thin,  firm,  brittle,  at  first  campanulate,  then  expanded, 
cracked,  streaked,  silky,  dry ;  stem  stout,  cracked,  and  streaked 
with  minute  black  scales,  solid ;    gills  very  broad,  undulated, 


AGAEIOINI.  27 

distant,  more  or  less  anastomosing,  brittle,  cinereons,  often  marked 
with  raised  lines  ;  edge  at  length  black. — Sow.  t.  106.  Bull.  t. 
520.  Ann.  N.H.,  no.  261. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Xot  common. 

Very  different  from  Hygrophorus  muTV/iaceus,  Fr.  Pilens  4^  in.  across,  at 
first  eampanulate,  slightly  umbonate,  then  expanded,  thin,  firm,  but  very 
brittle,  mouse-coloured,  cracked  and  virgate,  silky,  not  the  least  viscid, 
flesh  white  ;  taste  rather  acrid  ;  smell  not  nitrous.  St^m  3  in.  high,  1  in. 
thick  at  the  top,  cracked  and  streaked,  silky,  with  minute  black  scales, 
solid  but  fibrous,  not  the  least  stuffed  or  hollow  ;  gills  very  broad,  undulate, 
distant,  having  a  tendency  to  become  forked  and  anastomosing,  brittle,  often 
marked  with  raise!  lines,  cinereous,  powdery,  interstices  slightly  veined, 
edge  at  length  black. -J/.  /.  B.    Spores  '00019  K  -00014  in.—  W.  G  S. 

57.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  tenreus.   Sch<p.ff.    " Grey  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  campannlate,  then  expanded,  umbonate, 
dry,  clothed  with  innate,  floccose,  or  scaly  down ;  stem  stuffed, 
nearly  equal,  adpresso-fibrillose,  whitish ;  gills  adnexed,  with  a 
decurrent  tooth,  crenulate,  pale-grey. — Schcpff.  t.  6-1.  F7\  Epicr. 
p.  3-4.  Letell  t.  663.  Sow'.t.  76.  Paul.  1. 116.  Vent.  t.  4:Dj  f.  4,  5. 
A.  multiformis.  Eng.  El.  Y.p.  18. 

In  woods,  especially  of  fir. 

Gregarioas,  often  in  large  rings,  or  solitary.  Pileus  1-2|  in.  broad,  conic 
when  young,  with  a  delicate  arachnoid  veil,  then  obtuse,  expanded,  quite 
plane,  variously  waved,  sometimes  minutely  umbonate,  thin,  mouse-grey, 
or  very  dark  cinereous,  clcthed  with  flat  and  matted  down,  with  sometimes 
a  few  depressed  or  raised  squamules  of  the  same  colour,  margin  inflexed ; 
flesh  cinereous  ;  gills  rather  distant,  broad,  the  margin  wavy,  more  or  less 
rounded  behind,  and  attached  by  a  tooth,  more  or  less  cinereous,  especially 
when  young,  with  a  few  indistinct  connecting  veins  ;  stem  1-3  in.  high, 
^-|  in.  thick,  stuffed,  at  length  hollow,  fibrillose  sericeous,  sometimes  a  little 
pulverulent,  white,  the  base  occasionally  sub-rufescent ;  pileus  and  stem 
very  brittle. — M.J.  B.    Spores  nearly  spherical  "0002  in. —  \V.  G.  S. 

(PI.  II.,  fig.  4,  redvjced.) 

C.     Rigida — granulate  or  squamulose. 

Sect.  1.     Gills  whitish. 

58.  Agaxicus  (Tricholoma)   saponaceus.    Fr.     "  Strong  Scented 

Tricholoma." 

Strong  scented,  firm.  Pileus  rather  compact,  convex,  then  ex- 
panded, obtuse,  dry,  smooth;  then  rimoso-squamose  or  punctate  ; 
margin  at  first  naked ;  stem  sohd,  unequal ;  gills  uncinato-margi- 
nate,  distant,  thin,  quite  entire,  white  then  pallid,  sometimes 
greenish. — Fr.Lpticr.p.db.    Bull.  t.  602.  Sow.  t.  281.  Batsch.t. 

c  2 


28  AGARICINI. 

36,/.  203  a.  ^'.    B.  and  Br.  ^nn.  iV^./Z.,  18G6,?io.  1106.  A.argy- 
raceus.  Eng.  Fl.  (in  part.) 

In  woods.     Sept. 

Stem  2-3  in.  long,  ^in.  or  more  thick,  unequal  or  curved,  base  attenuated, 
rooting.  Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  whitish,  cinereous,  greenish  or  blackish,  mar- 
gin thin,  at  first  inflexed.     Spores  '0002  X  -00015  in.—  W.  Q.  S. 

59.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  cairtilagineus.  Bull.  "  Cartilaginous 

Tricholoma." 

Cartilaginous,  elastic,  rather  fragile;  pileus  fleshy,  convex, 
bullate,  gibbous,  undulated,  smooth ;  cuticle  rimulose,  finely- 
dotted  with  black ;  stem  stuffed,  equal,  stout,  line ato- striate, 
somewhat  mealy ;  gills  slightly  emarginate,  adnexed,  crowded,  pal- 
lid.— Bull.  t.  589,/.  2.  Fr.  Ejncr.p.  37.  Sm.  Journ.  Bot.  iii.j9.28. 

In  grassy  spots. 

Smell  like  that  of  new  flour.  Pileus  2-3  in.  or  more  broad,  stem  short  and 
firm,  but  fragile,  1-2  in.  long. 

60.  Agazicus    (Tricholoma)    cuneifolius.     Fr.      "  Wedge-gill 

Tricholoma." 

Very  brittle  ;  pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  dry, 
smooth,  but  soon  cracked ;  stem,  hollow,  attenuated  downwards, 
white,  pruinose  above  ;  gills  thin,  crowded,  white,  broad  in  front, 
obliquely  truncate,  attenuated  behind,  with  a  decurrent  tooth. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  37.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  44.  Bull.  t.  580,/  A.B.  Batsch. 
f.  206. 

In  pastures.     Not  uncommon. 

Pileus  about  1  in.  broad,  brownish  or  subochraceous,  subcarnose,  at  first 
conic,  obtuse,  afterwards  expanded,  with  a  strong  umbo,  much  waved  and 
split  at  the  margin,  which  is  at  first  involute,  and  minutely  tomentose,  the 
surface  rimose ;  gills  distant,  broad  in  front,  venti-icose,  acutely  arcuato- 
adnate,  thick,  connected  and  traversed  by  veins,  white,  with  a  slight  reddish 
cinereous  tinge  ;  stem  1-1^ in,  high,  2-4  lines  thick,  nearly  equal,  stufi'ed,  at 
length  hollow,  pruinose  above,  with  sometimes  a  few  superficial  squamules 
towards  the  base,  smell  like  new  meal. — M.J.B.  Spores  nearly  spherical 
•OOOlSin.— IF.  (?.',§. 

Sect.  2.   Gills  rufescent  or  cinereous. 

61.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  colossus.  Fr.  "  Colossal  Tricholoma." 

Large,  very  hard,  pileus  compact,  very  thick,  hemispherical,  then 
expanded,  smooth,  at  length  diffracto-squamulose,  margin  at  first 
involute,  at  length  unrolled  and  flexuous,  stem  quite  solid,  at  first 
tuberous,  apex    constricted,  smooth,  white,  below  and  within 


AGAEICIXI.  29 

bricb-red  ;  gills  rounded,  crowded,  thin,  wliite,  then  broad,  and 
of  a  pallid  brick-red. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  38.  Mon.  Hym.  i.  p.  4:7. 
Icones.  t.21. 

Woods.     Near  Taunton. — (J.  A.  C.J 

Pileus  when  young  fcnberiform,  emerging  from  the  earth  in  a  bulbous  formi, 
narrowly  involute  at  the  margin,  surrounding  the  narrow  part  of  the  stem ; 
then  hemispherical,  at  length  unrolled,  plano-convex  and  depressed,  always 
very  obtuse,  when  expanded  a  span  or  more  wide,  scaly.  Gills  rounded,  free, 
but  on  account  of  the  obliquity  of  the  stem,  emarginate,  decarrent,  at  first 
narrow  and  crowded,  white,  then  broader,  more  distant,  entire,  at  lengtn  ^ 
in.  broad,  fragile,  lacerated,  pale  brick  red;  stem  solid,  flesh  everywhere  simi- 
lar and  very  compact,  3  to  4  in.  long,  ovato-bulbous  at  the  base,  but  very 
much  narrowed  at  the  apex,  2  in.  thick,  the  bulbous  part  glabrous,  bat  fibroso- 
lacerated,  tawny,  the  narrow  part  floccose  and  shining  ;  veil  obsolete,  unless 
the  flocci  on  the  apex  of  the  stem  are  considered  a  rudimentary  one  ;  flesh 
dry,  very  hard,  extremely  fibrous  when  broken,  passing  into  a  brick-red  color, 
at  first  scentless,  then  with  a  smell  of  cheese,  or  fresh  meal.  Spores  "0002  X 
•00015  in.— TF.G^.^S:. 

D.    Sericella — pileus  at  first  silky. 

Sect.  1.     Strong  scented. 

62.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  sulfuxeus.    Bull.     "Sulphury 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  rather  umbonate,  un- 
equal, at  first  slightly  silky,  then  smooth  and  even;  stem  stuffed, 
sub-equal,  slightly  striate ;  gills  distant,  arcuato-adfixed,  sulphur- 
coloured  as  well  as  the  stem. — Bull.  t.  168.  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  4:0. 
Vent.  t.  23,  f.4:-6.  BerJc.  Outl.t.4.J.4..  Sow.  t.  4.4:.  Smith,  P.M., 
f.23.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1910,/.  1.  Fault.  8dJ.3-^.  Eng.Flx.  p.  4.2. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  fleshy,  obtuse,  at  length  expanded  or  depressed,  with 
a  slight  appearance  of  an  umbo,  sometimes  flexuous  and  irregular,  dirty  yel- 
low, or  ochraceous  umber,  darker  in  the  centre,  the  margin  at  fijst  involute, 
and  minutely  tomentose,  the  whole  clothed  with  extremely  minute  silkiness 
or  squamules,  so  as  to  give  it  a  pulverulent  appearance,  retaining  the  impres- 
sion of  the  fingers  ;  flesh  yellow ;  gills  sub-distant,  rounded,  flexuous,  emar- 
ginate. or  arcuato-adnate  ;  stem  2  in.  or  more  high,  4  lines  thic  ^,  occasionally 
sub-bulbous,  stuff'ed,  sometimes  at  length  hollow,  the  surface  of  the  cavity 
rather  slimy,  yellow  within,  furnished  at  the  base  occasionally  with  many 
rather  strong,  yellow,  fibrous  roots  ;  odour  disagreeable,  taste  unpleasant. — 
M.  J.  B. 

63.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  bufouius.     P.      '  Toad-like 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  sub-umbonate,  at  first 
silky,  then  smooth,  punctato-rugose,  opaque  ;  stem  stuffed,  equal, 
flocculose  ;   gills  arcuate,  somewhat  decurrent,  rather  distant,  of 


30  AGAEICINI. 

a  yollow  tan-colour. — F?\  Epicr.p.  40.  Bull.  t.  64:6,/.  2-0.  Ann, 
N.H.  no,  786. 

In  pine  woods.     Noy.     Coed  Coch. 

Pileus  purplish,  brownish,  tan-colonrecl,  &c  ;  stem  2-4  in.  long,  flocculosej 
gills  rather  more  crowded,  and  paler  than  in  Afj.  sulfureus. 

64.  Agazicixs  (Tricholoma)  lascivus.    jF>,     " Tarry  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  tlien  expanded,  obtuse,  somewhat  de- 
pressed, at  first  silky,  then  smooth  and  even  ;  stem  solid,  equal, 
rigid,  rooting,  white,  tomentose  at  the  base  ;  gills  arcuate,  ad- 
nexed,  crowded,  white. — F7\  Ejncr.p.  40.  Eng.  EL  Y,p.  42. 

In  woods, 

Pileus  pale  tan -coloured,  2|  in.  broad,  convex,  at  length  depressed,  firm, 
fleshy,  under  the  lens  minutely  adpresso-silky,  margin  at  first  involute,  flesh 
white;  gills  white,  when  young  arcuato-adnate,  nearly  horizontal,  when  old 
sub-deeurrent,  very  brittle,  not  very  close;  stem  firm,  solid,  more  or  less 
fibrillose,  or  fibrilloso-squamose,  fibrillse  curved  up  from  below,  paler  than 
the  pileus,  rooting,  downy  at  the  base,  not  bulbous,  apexpruinose  ;  odour  of 
gas  tar.— iV/.  /.  B. 

65.  Agaxicus  (Tricholoma)  inaxnsenus.    Fr.    "Unpleasant 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  conyex,  then  expanded,  rather  umoonate,  slightly 
silky  at  first,  then  smooth  and  even  ;  stem  solid,  equal,  rooting, 
white  ;  gills  arcuato-adfixed,  decurrent,  very  distant,  white. — Fr, 
Epicr.p.40,  Eng.Fl.Y.p,4:^, 

In  woods.     Oct. 

Pileu3  1-3  in.  broad,  convex,  with  or  without  an  umbo,  fleshy,  but  not  very 
thick  on  the  margin,  under  the  lens  adpresso-silky,  white,  with  a  slight  tinge 
of  ochre  in  the  centre,  often  minutely  cracked  ;  gills  broad,  distant,  emargi- 
nate  ;  stem  2  in.  or  more  long,  3-6  lines  thick,  equ^l,  tough,  not  always  root- 
ing ;  odour  strong. — Af.  J.B. 

Sect.  2,     Inodorous  ;   small. 

66.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  ionides.    Bull.     "  Purplish 

Tricholoma," 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  convex,  then  expanded,  umbonate, 
even,  nearly  smooth,  changing  colour  ;  margin  at  first  flocculose; 
stem  stuffed,  elastic,  attenuated,  fibrillose  ;  gills  emarginate,  with 
a  decurrent  tooth,  crowded,  thin,  eroded,  white,  then  pallid, — BulL 
t.  533,  /.  3.  Fr.  Ejncr.  p,  41.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann,  N,  H,  no,  902.  A. 
purp)ureus.  Bolt.  t.  41. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  1-3  in.  broad  ;  stem  2  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick. 


AGAEICINI.  31 

67.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  paeonius.      Fr.      "Paeony 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  sub-repand,  very  obtuse,  even, 
silky,  then  nearly  smooth,  margin  flocculose ;  stem  hollow,  soft, 
equal,  fragile,  persistently  fleshy-red  ;  gills  rounded,  free,  ventri- 
cose,  crowded,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  42.  Mon.  Hym.  i.  p.  81. 

Amongst  grass  and  moss.     Oct.     Burnham  Beeches. — C.E.B. 

Pileus  very  obtuse,  Jin.  broad,  of  a  persistent  red  colourj  stem  about  1  in. 
long,  2-3  lines  thick. 

68.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  carneus.    Bull.     '•  Flesh-coloured 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  hemispherical,  or  convex,  then  plane,  or 
depressed,  obtuse,  even,  nearly  smooth,  becoming  pallid ;  stem 
stuffed,  short,  rigid,  thickened  upwards,  pruinose,  reddish ;  gills 
Tcry  broad  behind,  rounded,  crowded,  white. — Bull.  t.  633,  f.  1. 
Fr.E2ncr.pA2.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.30.*  Krombh.t.  If.  30. 

In  pastures. 

Pileus  seldom  exceeding  one  inch,  plane,  sub-carnose,  often  slightly  nmbo- 
nate.  firm,  shining  rufous  pink,  rather  undulated,  flesh  white;  gills  white, 
crowded,  rounded  behind,  with  a  short  decurrent  tooth  ;  stem  1  in.  high,  1| 
lines  thick,  same  colour  as  the  pileus,  stuffed  below,  at  length  hollow,  fre- 
quently splitting,  minutely  squamulose.— J/. /•  ^.    Spores  ■00(Jl  X  'UOOO/in. 

—  TT' ,  tr.  »b, 

E.     Guttata — pileus  riyulose,  &c. 

69.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  gambosus.    Fr.    "  St.  George's 

Mushroom." 

Pileus  thick,  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  undulate,  obtuse, 
moist,  smooth,  spotted,  at  length  cracked ;  margin  involute  at 
first ;  stem  solid,  stout,  equal,  flocculose  at  the  apex  ;  gills  emar- 
ginate,  with  an  adnexed  tooth,  ventricose,  crowded,  yellowish- 
white.— ^jJicr.  p.  43.  Ann.  N.H.,  no.  140.  Berl\  Outl.  t.4:,f.  5. 
Sow.t.  2S1.  Vent.  t.  11.  Huss.i.t.  S3.  Smith  E.  M.f.  19.  Cooke 
B.F.  t.  9.  Kromhh.  t.  63,/.  18-22.  Gard.  Chron.  {1S60)  p.  672, 
Jig.  Trans.  Woolh.  CI.  (1868)  1. 12.  Badh.  i.  1. 1,  ii.  t.  If.  1. 

In  pastures.     May.     June.     Esculent. 

Pileus  white  or  slightly  tinged  with  ochre,  growing  in  rings  ;  variable  in 
size  ;  smell  strong.  This  is  the  Agaricus  pnmulus  of  some  authors.  Spores 
•00052  X  -0004  in.— IF.  G.  S. 


32  AGARICINI. 

70.  Agaricus  (Tzicholoxna)  albellus.     D.  C.  "  Confluent  Tricho- 

loma." 

Pileus  at  first  conical,  then  expanded,  smooth,  moist,  spotted  as 
if  with  scales ;  disc  compact,  sub-umbonate ;  margin  thin,  even, 
naked ;  stem  solid,  ovato-bulbous,  fibrilloso-striate ;  gills  attenu- 
ated behind,  and  adnexed  without  a  tooth,  crowded,  entire,  white, 
broadest  in  front. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  44.  Paul.  t.  95,/.  1-8.  Schceff.  t. 
50.  Tratt.  Aust.  t.  20.  Sow.  t.  122.  Smith.  Seem.  Journ.  (1866) 
t,  46,/.  45. 

On  the  ground.     Eare.     Esculent. 

The  stem  of  the  fresh  plant  has  a  slight  inclination  to  be  silky  outside,  be- 
conaincr  ultimately  stuffed  or  inclined  to  hollow  within,  whilst  the  word 
"mottled"  would  give  a  better  idea  of  the  pileus  than  ''spotted  after  the 
fashion  of  scales ;"'  this  part  of  the  plant  is  very  conical  and  fleshy.  Spores 
very  small,  ovoid,  "0001  in.  long. —  W.  G.  S. 

71.  Agazicus  (Tricholoma)  monstrosus.     Sow.     "  Monstrous 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  at  first  convex  and  umbonate,  at  length  waved  and 
lobed,  opaque  as  if  white-washed ;  margin  inflexed ;  stem  com- 
pressed, solid,  streaked,  opaque  white,  tomentoso-squamulose 
above,  slightly  rooting  ;  gills  moderately  distant,  scarcely  rounded 
behind,  but  not  tnily  decurrent,  cream  coloured. — Sow.  t.  283.  Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  104. 

On  the  ground.     Probably  esculent. 

Often  densely  csespitose,  and  then  not  compressed. 

72.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  immundus.      Berk.      "  Dirty 

Tricholoma."' 

Casspitose,  fleshy,  pileus  at  first  convex,  dirty  white,  stained 
with  bistre,  minutely  silky ;  margin  inflexed,  silky  or  minutely 
scabrous,  and  squamulose ;  stem  fibrillose,  of  the  same  colour  as 
the  pileus  ;  gills  sub-cinereous,  with  a  pinkish  tinge,  marked 
with  transverse  lines,  emarginate. — BerJ::.  Outl.p.  103,  no.  57. 

Amongst  short  gi-ass,  on  sheep's  dung. 

Pileus  2  in.  or  more  across  ;  every  part  blackish,  when  bruised  ;  border  de- 
flexed  ;  spores  white. — M.J.B. 

73.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  tigrinus.       Fr.       "  Spotted 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  conical,  convex,  then  expanded,  contorted,  or 
cracked,  moist,  smooth,  spotted  with  black  ;  margin  even  ;   stem 


AGAEICIXI.  33 

solid,  stout,  somewhat  pniinose,  striate,  swollen  at  the  base ;  gills 
adnate,  with  a  decurrent  tooth,  at  length  distant,  white,  then 
dingy. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  45.  Schceff.  t.  89. 

Under  firs.  Reigate.— TF.  G.  S. 

Odour  foetid  ;  spores  nearly  round,  "0003  in.  ;  pilaus  2-3  in.  broadj  stem  1^ 
in.  long,  5  line  thick.    Fries  does  not  consider  this  distinct  from  A.  graoeolens. 

F.    Spongiosa — pileus  moist,  compact,  or  spongy. 

74.  Agaricus  (Tricholoxna)  albus.      Fr.      "White 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  depressed,  obtuse,  smooth,  even,  dry; 
margin  at  first  involute,  at  length  repand ;  stem  solid,  firm, 
elastic,  equal,  smooth  ;  gills  rounded  behind,  fixed,  crowded,  thin, 
broad,  white.— i^r.  Epicr.p.  47.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  4,/.  6.  Bull.  t.  536. 
Batt.  t.  20,  f.l. 

In  woods. 

White  or  shaded  with  yellow j  variable  in  size  ;  stem  solid,  3  in.  long,  ^ in. 
and  more  thick;  pileus  3-4 in.  broad,  tough,  very  dry,  and  smooth.  Spores 
■0001  X  -0002  in.— TF.  G.  S. 

75.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  acerbus.    Bull.    "  Bitter  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  smooth,  rather 
spotted ;  margin  thin,  strongly  involute,  sulcate  ;  stem  solid,  blunt, 
yellowish,  squamulose  above  ;  gills  emarginate,  crowded,  pallid, 
then  inclined  to  rufous. — Bull.  t.  671,/.  2.  Fr.  Epicr.p.  4:9.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  668.    Vent.  t.  38,/.  7-8. 

In  woods.      Not  common. 

Pileus  3-4  in.  across  ;  white,  tinged  with  yellow,  at  length  stained.  Ee- 
markable  for  its  bitter  taste,  and  involute  sulcate  margin.  Spores  '00017  in. 
diameter.—  W.  G.  S. 

G.  Hygrophana — pileus  thin,  at  length  soft, moist,  hygrophanous. 

76.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  grammopodius.     Bull.     "Ring 

Tricholoma."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  or  convex,  then  expanded  or  de- 
pressed, umbonate,  smooth,  moist ;  stem  stuffed,  elastic,  sulcate, 
smooth,  attenuated  upwards ;  gills  arcuate,  adnate,  crowded, 
white.— ^M^Z.  t.  548-585,  f.  1.  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  50.  Huss.  ii.  t.  41. 
Bolt.  t.  4.0?  Eng.  Fl.  v.j9.  37.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  61. 

In  pastures  forming  rings. 

c  5 


34  AGARICINI. 

Large,  brownisli  grey;  pileus  3-5  in.  broad,  flashy,  margin  thin,  rather 
brittle,  convex,  firm,  campanulate,  then  somewhat  plane,  also  depressed  and 
repand  :  gills  not  decurrent,  narrow,  sometimes  divided;  stem  3  in.  high,  ^in. 
thick,  firm,  of  the  colour  of  the  pileua,  thickened  at  the  base,  and  villous. — ■ 
FritS' 

77.  Agazicus  (Tricholoma)  melaleucus.     P.     "Changeable 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convex,  then  expanded,  obsoletely  umbonate, 
smooth,  moist,  changing  colour  ;  stem  stuffed,  thin,  elastic,  some- 
what smooth,  whitish,  sprinkled  with  a  few  fibrils,  thickened  at  the 
base;  gills  emarginatc,  adnexed,  ventricose,  crowded,  white. — Fr. 
E'picr.p.  51.  Buxh.  iv.  1. 12,  f.  2. 

On  the  ground. 

Stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  2-3  in.  long,  2-3  lin.  thick,  whitish,  with  darker 
stria9 ;  pileus  1  .j-3  in.  broad,  dingy  black,  then  livid  brown,  pale  when  dry; 
flesh  soft,  white. 

78.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  brevipes.     Bull.     "  Short-stemmed 

Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  convex,  then  plane,  even,  smooth,  opaque 
when  dry,  umber,  growing  pallid ;  stem  solid,  firm,  rigid,  very 
short,  sub-incrassated,  brown  ;  gills  emarginate,  crowded,  ventri- 
cose, brownish,  then  dirty  white. — Bull.  t.  521,/.  2.  Paul.  t.  44, 
/.  1-2.  Fr.  Ep.p.  51.  Seem.  Journ.  (1869)  t.  95,  /.  1-4.  KL  Ft. 
Boruss.  t.  .374. 

In  plantations.     June.     Esculent. 

Pileus  about  2  in.  broad.  Stem  brown  within  and  without^  bulbous,  very 
short.  Spores -00032  X  '{)002  in.— W.  O.S. 

79.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  humilis.     Fr.    "  Dwarf  Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  umbonate,  then  convexo-plane  or  depressed, 
even,  smooth,  hygrophanous  ;  margin  thin,  extending  beyond  the 
gills  ;  stem  stuffed,  short,  equal,  fragile,  pallid,  villoso-pulveru- 
lent ;  gills  rounded  (with  a  decurrent  tooth),  crowded,  ventricose, 
whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  52.  Buxh.  iv.  i.  32.  A.  hlandus,  Eng.  Fl. 
No.  41,  Y.p.  20.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  260. 

On  the  ground  and  amongst  grass.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  2^  in.  broad,  plano-convex,  umbonate,  very  minutely  pulverulento- 
tomentnse,  so  that  when  touched  the  impression  of  the  fingers  remains  upon 
it,  not  brittle,  moderately  fleshy,  dry,  the  margin  sometimes  undulate,  grey- 
lilac,  with  a  tinge  of  brown  on  the  umbo.  When  young  sometimes  browner, 
the  edge  white,  and  minutely  downy  ;  gills  broad,  rounded  behind  and  nearly 
free,  white,  margin  undulate,  brittle,  becoming  rather  brown  at  the  edge  as 
they  dry.  Stem  2  in.  high,  2  lines  thick,  |  in.  at  the  base,  sub-bulbous,  and 


AGARICINI,  35 

brownish  at  the  base,  the  brown  colour  penetrating  the  flesh  to  the  centre, 
solid,  rather  brittle,  pulverulento-squamulose  at  the  apex,  subfibrilloso-rimose 
below,  with  a  little  down  at  the  base.     Spores  white,  round. — M.  J.  B. 

80.  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  subpulverulentus.     Pers.     '-Lus- 

trous Tricholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded  or  depressed,  even,  with 
an  innate,  white,  pruinose  lustre  ;  margin  inflexed  ;  stem  solid, 
equal,  smooth,  somewhat  striate  ;  gills  rounded  (without  a  tooth), 
crowded,  narrow,  white. — -Fr,  Epicr.p.  52.  Huss.  ii.  ^.39.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  669. 

In  pastures.     Oct. 

Pileus  2  in.  across.  Dirty  white,  or  greyish,  with  a  white  lustre.  Spores 
•0001  X  -00018  in.— TF.  G.  S. 

Sub-Gen.  5.     Clitocybe.     Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  78. 

Pileus  generally  fleshy  in  the  disc,  obtuse,  plane  or  depressed, 
hygrophanous,  or  not  hygrophanous  ;  stem  confluent  and  homo- 
geneous with  the  hymenophore,  elastic,  with  a  fibrous  outer 
coat,  covered  with  minute  fibres  ;  gills  acutely  adnate,  or  decur- 
rent, — Fl.  11.^  fig.  5. 

Hab.  All  are  terrestrial. 

The  species  are  generally  small,  though  some  are  very  large  ;  many  posses;? 
an  agreeable  odour,  but  few  only  are  known  to  be  edible.  Most  of  the  species 
appear  late  in  the  autumn  or  in  early  winter, —  W.  G.  S. 

A.     Disciformes — pileus  flattened. 

Sect.  1.     Pileus  cinereous  or  tawny. 

81.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  nebulaxis.  Batsch.  "  Clouded  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  even, 
at  first  clouded  with  grey,  then  naked ;  stem  stufi'ed,  firm,  fibril- 
loso-striate  ;  gills  somewhat  decnrrent,  arcuate,  crowded,  white, 
then  pallid. — Batsch.  f.  193.  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  34.  Fr.  Epicr.p.  55. 
Smith  E.M.f.  24.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1734.  Gard.  Chron.  (1860)i?.  145, 
fig.  Bull.  t.  400.  Ag.  turgidus,  Grev.  t.  9.  Huss.  ii.  t.  9.  Badh.  i. 
t.  9,/.  1,  ii.  t.  4,/.  2.  Berk.  exs.  no.  2. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Stem  Sin.  long,  about  an  in.  thick,  fibrilloso-striate,  white.  Pileus  fleshy, 
3-5  in.  broad,  clouded  with  srrey,  or  dingy  brown,  at  length  grey,  sometimes 
pruinose.    Spores  '00017  X^-0001  in.— IF.  G.  S. 


36  AGAEIOINI. 

82.  Agaiicus  (Clitocybe)  inornatus.     Sow.     "  Grey  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  plane  or  depressed,  obtuse,  even,  smootli ;  cuticle 
separable  ;  stem  solid,  nearly  equal,  smooth,  firm,  grey,  as  well 
as  the  adnate,  plane,  at  length  decurrent,  crowded  gills. — Sow.  t. 
342.  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  57.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  37. 

Amongst  grass. 

Pileus  Sin.  broad,  fleshy,  plane,  or  subdepressed,  margin  turned  in.  Gills 
of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus.  Stem  2  in.  long,  \  in.  thick,  paler  than  the 
pileus.— J/./.  5. 

Sect.  2.  Pileus  brightly  coloured. 

83.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  vernicosus.  Fr.  "Varnished  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  depressed,  obtuse,  even,  smooth,  shining  ;  stem 
stuffed,  equal,  short,  yellow,  as  well  as  the  adnate,  slightly  de- 
current,  rather  distant  gills. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  60.  Berk.  Out.  p.  108. 
Sow.  t.  366. 

In  fir  woods. 

Not  found  since  the  time  of  Sowerby.  Pileus  3  in.  across,  pinkish  or  tawny. 
Stem  short,  yellow. 

84.  Agaiicus  (Clitocybe)  odoxus.     Bull.     "  Sweet  Clitocybe." 

Dirty  green,  tough.  Pileus  fleshy,  at  length  plane,  even,  sub- 
repand,  smooth  ;  stem  stuff'ed,  elastic,  unequal,  smooth,  base  in- 
crassated  ;  gills  adnate,  scarcely  crowded,  broad,  pallid. — Sow.  t. 
42.  Price,  f. 10.  Bull.  t.  176,  Db6,f.S.  Grev.t.  28.  Fl.Dan.t. 
1611.  Fr.  S.M.  \.p.  90.  Eng.Fl.^.p.  36.  Kromhh.  t.67,f.  20-22. 
Berk.  exs.  no.  6. 

In  woods.     Aug. — Nov.     Strong  smell  of  aniseed. 

[Carolina,  U.S.] 

Pileus  Sin.  broad,  plano-convex,  with  or  without  an  umbo,  smooth,  lurid 
pale  green,  sometimes  here  and  there  whitish,  so  as  to  appear  zoned,  fleshy, 
but  rather  watery,  flesh  dull  dirty  white,  margin  not  striate,  but  sometimes 
transparent,  in  the  young  plant  inflected,  tomentose,  gills  pale,  rather  waved, 
decurrently  adnate,  the  interstices  wrinkled.  Stem  2  in.  high,  4  lines  thick, 
firm,  somewhat  flexuous,  subfibrillose,  with  a  little  scattered  down,  stuffed, 
attenuated  towards  the  base,  which  is  downy,  and  furnished  with  strong- 
branched,  greenish,  or  whitish  roots. — M.J.B.  Spores  nearly  spherical 
•00025  in.— TF.G^.^S^ 

Sect.  3.  Pileus  white. 

85.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  cerussatus.     Fr.     "  White-lead  Clito- 

cybe." 

White.  Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  even, 
moist,  soon  smooth  ;  stem  spongy,  solid,  tough,  elastic,  naked  ; 


AGAEICIXI.  37 

gills  adnate,  very   crowded,  thin,  then  decurrent,  unchanged  in 
colour.— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  61.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1796.    Ann.  N.H.  no.  670. 

In  fir  woods.     April. — Sept.     Probably  esculent. 

Not  umbonate  as  A.  opacus.  Often  gregarious.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  a  little 
convex,  soon  plane,  and  obtuse,  rather  sbining.  Gills  not  decurrent.  Stem 
2-3  in.  bigh,  somewhat  thickened  at  the  base,  furnished  frequently  with  fib- 
rillose  radicles. —i^r^'e.^.  Forming  very  large  rings.  Sometimes  producing  a 
merulioid  hymenium  on  the  top  of  the  pileus.— J/.  /.  B.  Spores  nearly  spheri- 
cal-00013  in.— TF.  C?.  .S. 

86.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  phyllophilus.     Fr.     "Leaf-loving 

Clitocybe." 

White.  Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  soon  depressed  and 
umbilicate,  even,  dry  ;  marked  with  a  white  lustre  round  the  mar- 
gin ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  spongiose  and  fibrillose  ;  gills  ad- 
nate, decurrent,  moderately  distant,  white,  then  yellowish. — 
Epicr. p.  62.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  34.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1847. 

Amongst  leaves  in  woods.     Sept.  [Carolina,  U.S.] 

Generally  sweet-scented,  sub-csespitose.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  slightly  fleshy, 
when  young  nearly  plane,  sometimes  repand.  Stem  2-3  in.  long,  obliquely 
rooted  at  the  hsLse.-Fries.     Spores  -00024  X  -00013  in.— IF.  G.  S. 

87.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  pithyophilus.    Fr.     "Fir-wood 

Clitocybe."' 

White;  pileus  fleshy,  thin,  becoming  plane,  umbilicate,  smooth, 
growing  pale;  stem  nearly  hollow,  round,  then  compressed,  smooth 
(whitish  tomentose  at  the  base) ;  gills  adnato-decurrent,  crowded, 
plane,  always  white. — Fr.  Ep.p.  62.  B.  4'  Dr.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866) 
no.  1107. 

In  fir  woods.     Oct.     Coed  Coch. 

Gregarious,  sub-crespitose;  pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  even,  smooth,  flaccid,  dirty 
white  when  moist,  white  when  dry. 

88.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  candicans.    Fr.    "  Whitish  Clitocybe." 

White  ;  pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  or  de- 
pressed, even,  shining,  with  a  thin  dead  white  film ;  stem  sub- 
fistulose,  even,  waxy,  shining  ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  thin,  at 
length  decurrent. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  63.  Bull.  t.  575,/.  E.  Fl.Dan. 
f.2021,/.  1.  Bolt.f.17.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.36. 

Amongst  leaves  in  woods.  [Carolina,  U.  S.] 

Pileus  1  in.  across  ;  when  moist  white,  when  dry  dead  white,  sub-carnose, 
tough,  regularly  deflexed  at  the  margin,  rarely  sub-deformed  ;  gills  rather 
close  ;  stem  1-2  in  high,  1-2  lines  thick,  nearly  equal,  incurved  at  the  base, 
rooted  and  villous,  the  rest  smooth ;  aberrant  forms  numerous. — Fnes. 


38  AGAEICINI. 

89.        Agaxicus  (Clitocybe)  dealbatus.      P.     ''Ivory  Clitocybe." 

'White  ;  pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  and  revolute, 
even,  smooth,  somewhat  shining;  stem  stufifed,  fibrous,  thin,  equal, 
sub-pruinose  above  ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  thin,  white. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.C:,^.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.36.  Sow.  1. 123.  Cooke,  B.  F.  t.  10  a. 
Gard.  Citron.  (1861), |?.  312.  Smith  E.  M.,  /.  27.  Hogg  ^  Johnst. 
t.  10. 

In  fir  plantations,  &c.     Esculent. 

Gregarious  ;  pileus  1  in.  or  more,  sometimes  cup-shaped,  innato-prninose 
under  a  lens,  dirty  white,  cream  coloured,  or  roseate  ;  gills  adnate,  at  first 
sliirhtly  emarginate,  brittle,  white,  moderately  broad  ;  stem  1  in.  high,  2  lines 
thick,  often  curved,  farinaceous,  stuffed,  occasionally  hollow  above  when  old; 
odour  fungoid  ;  spores  white,  round.  A  variety  sometimes  occurs  on  old  mush- 
room beds,  which  is  cfespitose,  1-2  in.  or  more  across,  lobed  and  undulate. 
Spores  -00016  X  '00007  in.— IF.  G.  S. 

90  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  gallinaceus.       Scop.     "Acrid 

Clitocybe." 

White,  acrid  ;  pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  depressed, 
even,  dry,  opaque  ;  stem  solid,  equal,  thin,  even  ;  gills  sub-decur- 
rent,  crowded,  thin. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  63.  Bolt.  t.  4,  /.  2  ?  Huss.  1,  t. 
39. 

In  pastures.     Common.      Strong  odour. 

Pileus  opaque,  dirty  white,  about  1  in.  across  j  stem  2  in.  in  length. 

B.     Diformes — ^pileus  irregular. 

Sect.  1.     Pileus  cinereous  or  dark  brown. 
91.        Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  elixus.     Sow.     "Sodden  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  umbonate,  at  first  convex,  at  length  variously  depressed, 
dingy,  minutely  tomentose  and  streaked  ;  stem  even,  nearly  of  the 
same  colour  as  the  pileus  ;  gills  decurrent,  distant,  white. — Sow. 
t.  172.  Berk.  Outl.p.  10^,  no.  82.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  264. 

In  woods.     Oct. 

Pileus  2-3  in.  across,  at  first  strongly  umbonate,  obconical,  at  length  flat, 
or  even  depressed,  wdth  the  border  flexuous.  not  the  least  involute  ;  disc  fuli- 
ginous, very  minutely  virgate,  border  whitish,  with  dingy  sodden  spots,  not 
viscid;  stem  1  in.  high,  f  in.  thick,  or 2  in.  high,  \  in.  thick,  dingy,  like  the 
pileus,  clothed  with  matted  down,  which  reaches  to  the  base  of  the  gills,  often 
smooth  at  the  base,  which  is  buried  amongst  leaves,  solid,  mottled  within, 
slightly  discoloured  beneath  the  cuticle  ;  gills  very  distant,  decurrent,  white, 
interstices  more  or  less  veined.— ^1/.  /.  B. 


AGAEICIXI.  39 

92.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  fumosus.     P.    '■  Smoky  Clitocybe." 

Sub-cartilaginous,  rigid  ;  pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded, 
obtuse,  even,  naked,  turning  pale,  cuticle  adnate ;  stem  stuffed, 
unequal,  somewhat  pruinose  above  ;  gills  adnate,  rather  crowded, 
grey,  or  whitish,  as  well  as  the  stem. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  56.  Eng.Fl.  v. 
p.  35.  Pers.Ic.Pict.t.lJ.?j-i:.  Fr.  S.  MA,  jy.SS. 

In  woods  and  wast€  ground.     Solitary.       [United  States.] 

Var.  polius.  densely  and  connately  caespitose ;  pileus  convex, 
then  plane,  obtuse,  smooth,  grey  ;  stem  flexuose,  smooth  ;  gills 
crowded,  whitish. — F7\  Epicr.  p.  57.  Trans.  Woolhope  Club, 
1868,  p.  246.  Saund.  ^  Sm.  t.  13. 

On  charcoal  heaps,  in  woods,  round  the  wrekin,     1868. 

Csespitose.  Pileus  22^-3  in,  broad,  fleshy,  but  thin  on  the  marg'in,  more  or 
less  wavy,  slightly  umbonate,  with  a  thick  skin,  marked  with  little  pits,  so 
as  to  present  the  appearance  of  inna^^e  fibrillse;  bistre  coloured  ;  gills  rather 
pale,  variously  adnate,  rounded  behind,  or  emarginate,  sometimes  almost  de- 
current  ;  stem  1-2|  in.  long,  §■  in.  thick,  quite  smooth,  except  at  the  apex, 
where  it  is  punctato-squamulose,  nearly  equal,  stuffed. — -E/ig.  Fl.  Spores 
nearly  spherical  "00024  in.—  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  2.     Pileus  pallid. 

93.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  opacus.   With.    "  Opaque  Clitocybe." 

White ;  pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  re- 
pand,  even,  covered  with  a  floccose  shining  film ;  stem  stuffed, 
unequal,  flexuose ;  gills  adnate,  decurrent,  very  crowded,  white. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  67.  Sow.  1. 14:2 . 

In  woods. 

Pileus  white,  opaque,  smooth,  nearly  flat  when  expanded,  but  a  little  turned 
down  at  the  edge,  and  a  very  small  protuberance  in  the  centre,  cracking  when 
old,  and  the  skin  readily  peeling  ofi",  diameter  1^-2  in. ;  stem  solid,  white,  cylin- 
drical. 2  in.  high,  ^  in.  diameter,  filled  with  a  watery,  and  when  old  with  a 
brownish  pith ;  gills  fixed,  white,  very  thick  set,  and  very  fine,  in  pairs  or  in 
fours.  —  Withering. 

C.     Infundihuliformes — pileus  funnel-shaped. 

Sect.  1.     Pileus  innately  flocculose  or  silky. 

94.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  giganteus.     Fr.     "  Giant  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  infundibuliform,  not  umbonate,  slightly  flocculose,  white, 
opaque  ;  stem  equal,  thick ;  gills  white,  then  yellowish,  shortly 
decurrent. — Fr.  Epicr.p.67 .  B.^Br.  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  (1866), 
no.dSl. 


40  AGAEICINI. 

In  very  rainy  weatlier  on  a  grassy  bank.     Aug.     Aboyne. 

' '  Pileus  slightly  viscid  when  moist,  broadly  infundibnliform,  'Without  any 
trace  of  an  nmbo,  9 in.  across,  white,  opaque;  margin  incurved,  at  length 
sulcate.  Stem  2Hn.  high,  1  in.  thick,  equal,  obtuse,  minutely  flocculose ; 
gills  at  first  very  narrow,  forked  behind,  decurrent,  at  length  slightly  rounded, 
white,  then  yellowish." — B.  ^i:  Br. 

95.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  maximus.     Fr.  "Sowerby's  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tbin,  sub-flaccid,  dry,  silky  or  squamulose,  broadly 
infundibuliform,  disc  compact,  somewhat  umbonate ;  stem  stuffed, 
compact,  elastic,  attenuated,  fibrilloso-striate  ;  gills  decurrent, 
rather  crowded,  whitish. — Epicr.p.  68.  Buxh.  iv.  1. 1.  A.gigan- 
teus,  Soiv.  t.  244.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  33.  Huss.  i.  t.  79.  Letell.  t.  682. 
Hogg.  ^  Jolinst.  i.  23. 

Meadows  and  woods.    Sept.  Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  4-14 in.  broad,  fleshy,  often  splitting  at  the  margin,  broadly  infun- 
dibuliform, the  base  of  the  funnel  sunk  into  the  stem,  with  no  trace  of  umbo, 
dirty  white,  with  an  ochraceous  tinge,  rCiinutely  adpresso-squamulose  to  the 
naked  eye,  sometimes  guttate,  the  whole  surface  under  a  lens  clothed  with  a 
fine  matted  silkiness,  margin  grooved,  the  grooves  shallow.  Gills  close,  forked, 
yellow-white,  as  broad  as  the  flesh  of  the  pileus.  Stem  2|-3  in.  high,  nearly 
2  in.  thick  at  the  base,  firm,  fleshy,  elastic,  quite  solid,  sub-bulbous,  some- 
times attenuated  upwards,  minutely  but  conspicuously  pubescent,  when 
bruised  dirty  rufescent.  Odour  strong.— J/. /.  i?.  Spores  '00022  X  "00013 
in.-W.G.S. 

96.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  infundibuliformis.    Sclusff.  ''Funnel 

Clitocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  at  first  convex,  umbonate,  clothed  with 
minute  innate  silky  down,  at  length  funnel-shaped,  flaccid ;  stem 
stuffed,  soft,  elastic,  thickened  downwards ;  gills  decurrent,  mod- 
erately distant,  white. — Schceff.  i.  212.  Price f.  69.  Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
68.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  5,/.  2.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  32.  Bull.  t.  286,  553. 

On  the  sides  of  woods,  amongst  moss,  &c.     Common. 

Pileus  of  a  pale  reddish  tan,  2-3  in.  across,  dry,  elastic,  at  first  convex,  then 
umbonate,  depressed,  or  quite  infundibuliform,  v?ith  traces  of  the  umbo, 
variously  crisped  and  lobed,  margin  involute  and  downy,  the  whole  clothed 
with  a  delicate  closely  woven  web,  which  is  often  pinched  up  at  the  margin 
into  little  raised  strise,  these  generally  vanish  as  the  pileus  becomes  completely 
expanded.  Flesh  moderately  thick  in  the  centre,  colour  of  the  pileus.  Gills 
white,  attenuated,  numerous,  unequal,  some  ofthem  forked  at  the  base.  Stem 
variable  in  length,  2-9  Hnes  thick,  attenuated  upwards,  elastic,  stuffed,  paler 
than  the  pileus.     Odour  strong  but  grateful.  — ^/i^.  Fl. 

Var.  membranaceus.  Fr.  In  a  fir  wood.  Torquay. —  W.W.S. 

Fries  says  this  well-marked  variety  is  intermediate  between  A.  squamulo- 
sus  and  A.  infundibuliformis,  appearing  earlier  in  the  year  than  the  latter. 


\ 


AGAEICINI. 


41 


All  the  parts  are  thinner,  the  pilens  never  at  first  nmbonate,  3  in.  across; 
stem  equal,  spongy,  4  in.  long,  ^  in.  thick,  sometimes  csespitose-  Grassy 
places  in  woods.    Spores  pip-shaped,  *00027  long. —  W.  G.  S. 

97.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  trulloeformis.     Fr.     'Bowl-shaped 

Clitocybe.*' 

Pileus  fleshy,  obtuse,  at  length  infundibuliform,  floccoso-vil- 
lose,  margin  expanded,  stem  stuffed,  elastic,  equal,  striate  ;  gills 
decurrent,  sub-distant,  connected  by  veins,  white. — Fr.  Ep.p.  68. 
B.^'Br.  ^yi/i.iY.iJ.  (1866),  wo.  1108. 

In  fir  woods.     Oct.     Coed  Coch. 

The  rather  distant  gills,  which  are  connected  by  veins,  and  infundibuliform 
pileus,  distinguish  this  species,  which  is  not  hygrophanous.— -B.  cfc^r. 

Sect.  2.     Pileus  quite  smooth, 

98.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  geotrupus.  Bull.  "  Trumpet  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  broadly  infundibuliform,  obtuse, 
umbonate,  compact,  even,  smooth  ;  stem  solid,  compact,  fibrillose, 
attenuated  upwards,  flesh  white  ;  gills  decurrent,  crowded,  simple, 
white,  at  length  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus. — Bull.  t.  573,/.  2.  Fr. 
Fpicr.  p.  70.  Fault.  112.  Sow.  t.  61.  Gard.  Chron.  (1861),  p. 
734:,  Jig.  Huss.  i.  t.  66.  Harz.  t.  75.  Letell.  t.  670.  Grev.  t.  41.  A. 
infundibuliformis,  var.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  33. 

In  woods  and  on  their  borders,  often  in  rings. 

[United  States.] 

Pileus  white,  tan-coloured,  &c.,  4 in.  broad.  Stem  6 in.  long,  nearly  1  in. 
thick,  Igin.  at  the  base,  more  or  less  fibrillose,  sometimes  with  broad,  trans- 
verse, closely -pressed  scales.    Spores  '00028  X  "0002  in. 

(PI.  II.  i  fig.  5,  reduced.) 

Var.  subinvolutus. — Batsch.f.  204. 
Spores  spinulose,  nearly  spherical,  '0003  in. —  W.  G.  S. 

99.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  inversus.     Scop.     *' Brown-red 

Clitocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  fragile,  convex,  then  infundibuliform,  smooth ; 
margin  involute,  even  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  rather  rigid, 
smooth  ;  flesh  pallid  ;  gills  decurrent,  simple,  pallid,  then  of  the 
colour  of  the  pileus. — Fr.  Fpicr.  jy.  71.  B.  ^-Br.Ann.N.H.no. 
110.*  SchcBff.t.  66.  Built.  003.  Fault.  66.   Soiu.Ll86. 

In  fir  woods .     In  a  ditch.  Woodnewton. 

Pileus  2  in.  across,  not  flaccid,  brownish  red  at  first,  then  tan-coloured  ; 
often  caespitose.     Spores  nearly  spherical  '0001  in.—  W.  G.  S, 


42  AGARICINI. 

100.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  flaccidus.      Sow.     "Flaccid 

Clitocybe." 

Pileiis  rather  fleshy,  thin,  flaccid,  umbilicate,  then  funnel- 
shaped,  even,  margin  broadly  reflexed  ;  stem  stuff'ed,  unequal, 
sub-flexuose,  villous  at  the  base ;  gills  decurrent,  crowded,  arcuate, 
yellowish. — Sow.  1. 185.  Fj\  Epicr.  p.  71.  Eng.  Fl.  r.p.  32. 

In  fir  woods. 

Often  densely  csespitose  ;  pileus  bright  in  colour,  sometimes  streaked ; 
flaccid  when  young,  2-3  in.  broad,  always  of  a  peculiar  form  and  substance, 
orbicular,  depressed,  rather  plane  than  infundibuliform,  by  reason  of  the  de- 
flexed  margin,  very  even  and  smooth,  generally  reddish,  sometimes  white  ; 
gills  very  much  attenuatedbehind,  very  close,  tender,  and  narrow,  not  running 
far  down;  stem  1-2 in. long,  2  lines  thick,  slender,  generally  equal,  smooth, 
with  a  sub-cartilaginous  bark,  stuffed,  soon  hollow,  not  rooting,  nor  incras- 
sated,  and  villous,  except  from  peculiarity  of  situation. — Fries.  Spores  slightly 
spinulose,  nearly  spherical  ■00019  in. —  W.  G.  S. 

D.     Cyathiformes — pileus  cup-shaped, 

101.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  cyathiformis .    Fr.    "Cup-shaped 

Clitocybe." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  at  first  depressed, 
then  infundibuliform,  even,  nearly  smooth,  moist,  hygrophanous  ; 
margin  for  a  long  time  involute,  even ;  stem  stuffed,  elastic,  at- 
tenuated upwards,  fibrilloso-reticulate  ;  gills  adnate,  then  decur- 
rent, united  behind,  dingy. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  73.  Sow.  t.  363.  Huss. 
ii.t.l.  Bull.t.bloJ.M.   Vaill.t.U,/.  1-3.  Bolt.t.Uo. 

In  meadows,  &c.     Common.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  2  in.  across,  variable  in  colour,  generally  dark  brown  or  bistre. 
Spores  -00033  X  '00018  in.— T^.  G.  S. 

102.  Agazicus  (Clitocybe)  brumalis.    Fr.  "  Wintry  Clitocybe." 

Inodorous ;  pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  at  first 
umbilicate,  then  funnel-shaped,  smooth,  flaccid,  hygrophanous  ; 
margin  reflexed,  even ;  stem  at  length  hollow,  equal,  somewhat 
incurved,  smooth,  whitish  ;  gills  decurrent,  distinct,  pallid. — Fr. 
Epicr. p. 76.  Bull.t.24:8,f.A.Jj.  A.metachrous.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.Q7, 

In  woods.     Oct. 

Livid  grey  when  moist,  nearly  white  when  dry ;  pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  in  its 
earliest  stage  conic,  gradually  depressed,  but  not  deeply  infundibuliform, 
almost  membranaceous,  margin  pellucid;  gills  of  the  same  colour  as  the 
pileus,  adnate,  scarcely  decurrent,  not  turning  pale  sofast  as  the  pileus,  often 
separating  from  the  stem  at  the  base ;  stem  3  in.  or  more  high,  at  length  hol- 
low, outer  flesh  livid,  inner  white,  downy  at  the  base,  minutely  fibrillose  above, 
apex  pulverulent. — Eng.  Fl.     Spores  nearly  spherical  '00013  in. —  W.  G.  S. 


AGAEICINI.  43 

E.     Orhiformes — ^pileus  rounded. 

103.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  xnetachrous.     Fi\     "  Ob-conio 

Clitocybe.*' 

Inodorous  ;  pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  'plane,  de- 
pressed, rather  smooth,  hygrophanous  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hol- 
low, equal,  tough,  pruinose  above ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  pale 
cinereous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  77. 

In  woods  amongst  leaves. 

Pileus  1^-2  in.  across,  when  young  cinereous  brown,  then  livid,  wbitisb  when 
dry  ;  stem  about  1^  in.  long,  2  lin.  thick,  broader  when  compressed,  grey,  fros- 
ted with  white  above  ;  gills  adnate,  not  truly  decurrent. 


104.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  fragrans.      Sow.      "Fragrant 

Clitocybe." 

Fragrant;  pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  or  de- 
pressed, even,  smooth,  hygrophanous  ;  stem  stufl'ed,  then  hollow, 
elastic,  smooth ;  gills  sub- decurrent,  rather  crowded,  distinct, 
whitish. — Sow.  t.  10.  Fr.  Epicr.p.  78.  Pers.  My.  Eur.  t.  27,  /.  5. 
Letell.  t.  658.  Krombh.  t.  \.f.  34-35.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  67. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent, 

Pileus  1\  in.  across,  ocbraceous,  with  a  sweet  anise  odour ;  convex,  then 
plano-convex,  minutely  dimpled,  dirty  white,  very  rarely  slightly  zoned, 
when  dry  nearly  white,  margin  thin  and  transparent,  turned  in  when  young, 
and  minutely  tomentose  ;  gills  very  broad,  decurrent,  distinct,  not  pure  white; 
stem  2-3  in.  high,  2-3  lines  thick,  attenuated  upwards,  minutely  fibrillose.  vil- 
lous at  the  base,  sometimes  pruinose  above. — J/.  /.  B.  Spores  "00026  X  '00016 
'm.—  W.G.S. 


T.     Versiformes — pileus  variable. 

105.     Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  difforxais.   P.  "  Deformed  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  somewhat  membranaceous,  convex,  then  plane,  and  sub- 
umbilicate,  smooth,  hygrophanous,  striate  when  moist,  even  when 
dry,  at  length  between  squamulose  and  rimose  ;  stem  hollow, 
equal,  smooth,  shining  ;  gills  adnate,  distant,  whitish. — Fr.Epicr. 
p.  79.  Bolt.t.n. 

In  fir  plantations.  Near  Halifax. 

Stem  tough,  2-3  in.  long,  about  2  lin.  thick,  smooth,  and  shining  whitish, 
usually  contorted  and  compressed :  pileus  variable  in  form,  I  in.  and  more 
broad,  when  moist  striate  and  livid,  silky  and  shining,  whitish  when  dry. 


44  AGAKICINI. 

106.  Agaxicus  (Clitocybe)  ectypus.     Fr.    "  Copied  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  plane,  at  length  depressed,  and  revolute, 
hygrophanous,  finely  streaked,  with  adpressed  sooty  fibrillae ;  mar- 
gin rather  striate  ;  stem  becoming  hollow,  elastic,  fibrillose  ;  gills 
adnate,  somewhat  distant  and  pallid,  at  length  stained  with  red, 
mealy. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  79. 

In  meadows. 

Stem  2-4  in.  long,  3-5  lin.  thick,  sub-bulbous,  dirty  yellowish  ;  pileus  about 
2-8  in.  broadj  honey-coloured,  then  rufescent  j  margin  very  thin,  striate. 

107.  Agaxicus  (Clitocybe)  bellus.     Fr.     "  Pretty  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  depressed  (dull  orange), 
sprinkled  with  minute  dark  scales ;  stem  stufi'ed,  equal,  tough, 
rivulose  ;  gills  adnate,  sub-distant,  connected  by  veins,  yellowish, 
reddish  brown,  at  length  mealy. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  79.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p. 
42. 

In  fir  plantations.     Foetid. 

Pileus  2|  in.  broad,  deep  orange  brown,  becoming  gradually  pale ;  gills  in- 
carnato-ferruginous  ;  stem  2^  in.  high.— il/./.  B.  Often  growing  in  company 
with  A.  laccatus. 

108.  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  laccatus.    Scop.    "  Waxy  Clitocybe." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  convex,  then  depressed,  and  somewhat 
umbilicate,  variable,  hygrophanous,  mealy ;  stem  stuffed,  equal, 
tough,  fibrous ;  gills  adnate,  thick,  distant,  brightly  coloured,  at 
length  mealy. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.l^.  Schceff.LlS.  Bull.t.blO,  f.  1. 
Grev.t.24.9.  Kromb.tAS,/.  17-20,  t.  72,  f.  19-20.  Batt.  £.18, 
G.I.  HussA.tAl.  Berk.Outl.  t.  5,/.  3.  5oZi.  f.  63-64.  Sow.  t. 
187-208.  FL  Dan.  1. 1249.  Batsch.f.  99.  Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  41.  Price, 
f.  122. 

In  woods.  Extremely  common  and  variable.  [United  States,] 

Sometimes  of  a  bright  amethyst,  usually  reddish  brown ;  pileus  1-2  in.  broad, 
convex,  the  centre  more  or  less  depressed,  often  cracked  or  squamulose,  with 
a  mealy  appearance,  sub-carnose,  turning  pale  when  dry,  margin  incurved, 
often  very  much  lobed  and  waved;  gills  more  or  less  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus, 
not  changing  colour,  horizontal,  broad  behind,  and  adnate,  thick,  distant, 
sometimes  forked  above,  mealy  from  the  white  spores  ;  stem  1-6  in.  long, 
thicker  and  downy  below,  fibrillose,  tough,  hollow,  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus, 
not  becoming:  pale.— i/.  /.  B.  Spores  globose  and  echinulate,  '00035  in. 
diameter  J  echinulate  spores  are  unusual  in  Ayaricus. —  W.G.S. 


AGAEICINI.  45 

Sub-Gen.  6.     Plexjrotus.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  129. 

Veil  evanescent,  or  none ;  pileus  fleshy  in  the  larger 
species,  with  a  smooth  or  ragged  margin  from  the  re- 
mains of  the  veil;  substance  either  compact,  spongy, 
slightly  fleshy,  or  membranaceous  ;  stem  mostly  late- 
ral or  wanting,  when  present  confluent  and  homo- 
geneous with  the  hynienophore ;  gills  with  a  sinus 
or  broadly  decurrent  tooth. 

Hab.  Most  of  the  species  grow  on  wood,  a  few  only 
Fig  37.      on  the  ground. — (PL  II.,  fig.  6,  and  fig.  37.) 

The  species  afe  large,  handsome,  and  polymorphic,  but  some  are  small  and 
resupinate  ;  they  generally  appear  late  in  the  year,  and  return,  year  after 
year,  to  the  same  habitat  more  frequently  than  terrestrial  fungi ;  all  are 
harmless,  and  some  edible.  All  the  species  become  putrid  when  old,  and 
never  coriaceous  or  woody. —  W.  G-  S. 

Sect.  1.     Lepiotaria. — pileus  scaly. 

109.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  coxticatus.     Fr.     "  Large  scaly 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  compact,  excentric,  villous,  at  length  floccoso-squamu- 
lose  ;  stem  firm,  fibrillose,  veil  membranaceous,  torn ;  gills  decur- 
rent, sub-distant,  anastomosing  behind. — Hym.  Suec.  j-j.  236.  B. 
^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  995.  Saund  ^  Sm.  t.  4. 

On  an  old  prostrate  elm.     Oct.  Belvoir  Castle. 

Pileus  excentric,  7  inches  across,  expanded,  swollen  in  the  centre  ;  disc, 
especially  in  the  centre,  broken  up  into  brownish  grey  silky  scales,  which  are 
more  minute  towards  the  thin,  strongly  involute  margin;  veil  woven,  ad- 
hering slightly  to  the  stem  and  margin  ;  stem  3  in.  high,  1^  in.  thick,  pit- 
ted and  silky  below  the  evanescent  ring,  firm  and  tough,  mottled  ;  gills  rather 
broad,  pure  white,  very  decurrent,  anastomosing  behind,  sometimes  forked  ; 
edge  entire.  Smell  rather  strong  ;  a  large  and  noble  species,  perhaps  too 
closely  allied  to  A.  dryimis. — B.  d;  Br.     Spores  "OOOo  X  "0002  in. 

110.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  dryinus.     P.    "  Spotted  Pleurotus." 

Pileus  compact,  hard,  oblique,  variegated  with  dark  spot-like 
scales;  veil  fugaceous,  torn,  white,  ajDpendiculate ;  stem  lateral, 
stout;  gills  decurrent, narrow, nearly  simple. — Fr. Ejncr.p.l2d. 
Nees.fiin.  Buss. ii.t. 29-33.  Vent.  t.U  J.  1-2.  Sclucff.t.233. 
Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  70.   Gard.  Cliron.  (1860)^^.  832. 

On  trunks  of  ash,  willow,  &c.     Oct.  [U.  States.] 


46  AGAEICINI. 

Pileus  |-3  in.  broad,  excentric,  white,  the  surface  broken  into  light  brown 
adpressed  scales,  margin  involute,  with  fragments  of  the  broad  woven  veil 
adhering  to  it,  flesh  continued  into  the  stem ;  gills  white,  not  very  broad, 
decurrent,  forked,  crisp  ;  stem  3  in.  high,  attenuated  downwards,  firm,  al- 
most woody,  tomentose,  but  not  scaly.  Taste  like  A(/.  campestris.  Spores 
•00013  X  -00017  in. 


111.     Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  spongiosus.    i^r.  " Spongy  Pleurotus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  soft  and  spongy,  sub-tomentose,  veil  torn, 
fugacious,  appendiculate  ;  stem  very  short,  excentric,  tomentose; 
gills  sinuate,  adnate,  crowded,  white. — Fr.Epicr.p,  130. 

In  a  rotten  beech.     Oct.     Epping  Forest. — W.  G.  S. 

Sub-sessile,  thick,  pileus  cinereous,  with  the  habit  of  Polyjyorus  hetvlinay 
2-3  in,  broad,  persistently  tomentose.     Spores  '0004  X  'OOOiyin. 

(PI.  II.,  f.  6,  reduced.) 


Sect.  2.    Concharia. — ^pileus  shell-shaped. 

112.    Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  ulmarius.    Bull.     "  Elm  Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convexo-plane,  smooth,  somewhat  spot- 
ted, moist ;  stem  rather  excentric,  stout,  thickened  below,  sub- 
tomentose  ;  gills  adnexed  (emarginate  or  rounded),  rather  crowded, 
broad,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  loO.  Bull.  t.  510.  Soiv.  t.  67.  Vitt. 
Mang.t.  23.   Cooke,  B.F.t.7.  Eng.  Fl.\.p.l2>.  Price,  f.  ^3. 

On  elm  trunks.   Sept. — Dec.  Esculent.     [United  States.] 

Pileus  3-12  in.  broad,  obtuse,  smooth,  subcoriaceous,  but  within  very  white, 
soft,  yet  compact,  thick,  sometimes  marbled  with  livid  spots  ;  gills  numer- 
ous, broad,  white,  adnate  or  sub-decurrent,  irregular ;  stem  excentiic  as- 
cending 2-3 in.  long,  about  lin.  thick,  solid,  firm,  incrassated  at  the  base, 
wliite,  sometimes  furfuraceous,  single  orin  tuits,  varyiugagood  deal  in  tex- 
ture.— Grev.     Spores  nearly  globular,  length  '0002  in. 


113.      Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  subpalxnatus.    Fr.    "  Subpalmate 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  even,  smooth ;  stem 
excentric,  incurved,  equal,  fibrilloso-striate;  gills  adnate,  crowded, 
broad,  rufescent. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  131.  Sow.  t.  62.  A.palmatus. 
Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  73. 

On  squared  timber,  old  trunks,  &c. 


AGAEICINI.  47 

Pileus  3-4in.  hroRd,  excentric,  at  first  convex,  fhe  margin  involute,  then 
more  expanded;  cuticle  thick,  tough,  elastic,  gluey,  but  not  moist,  not  easily 
separable  from  the  flesh,  distilling  drops  of  a  limpid  reddish  fluid,  with  a  hot 
and  astringent  styptic  taste,  margin  beautifully  reticulated,  of  a  pale  orange 
bufl"  or  nankeen  colour,  pruinose,  very  fleshy,  flesh  mottled ;  gills  paler, 
rounded  behind,  connected  by  veins,  free,  joined  at  the  base  by  an  obsolete 
collar.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  ^in.  thick,  obhque,  thickest  below,  smooth,  whit- 
ish, of  a  fibrous  structure,  sometimes  a  little  hollow. — 21.  J.  B.  Spores  slightly 
echinulate,  -OuOlZ  X  '00023  in. 

114.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  craspedius.     Fr.     '•  Thick-stem 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  convexo-plane,  or  depressed,  imdulato- 
lobate,  sub -pruinose;  stem  solid,  excentric,  short;  gills  adnate, 
scarcely  crowded,  broad,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  131.  Paul.  t.  44, 
/.  3.  Fl.  Dan.  ^.891.  Saund.  4'  Sm.  t.  7. 

On  the  trunks  of  trees. 

Csespitose.  Stem  elastic,  spongy  within,  unequal,  pallid.  Pileus  more  or 
less  excentric,  3-5  in.  broad,  brick-red,  pale  tan,  or  greyish  ;  margin  at  first 
involute,  then  opened,  crenately  lobed  and  waved,  and  fimbriate. 

115.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  fimbriatus.    ^c»Z#.  "  Fringed  Pleu- 

rotus."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  plane,  then  funnel-shaped,  even,  hygro- 
phanous  ;  margin  at  length  sinuate  and  lobed  ;  stem  somewhat 
excentric,  stuffed,  compressed,  firm,  short,  rootless,  villous  ;  gills 
adnate,  thin,  much  crowded,  slightly  forked,  white. — F7\  Epicr. 
p.  131.  Bolt.  t.  61.  Sterh.  1. 15,  B.  Ann.  N.R.,  no.  672*.  E?ig.  Fl. 
Y.p.  37. 

On  tninks.     Rare. 

Gre3arious,  or  tufted.  Pileus  3 in.  broad,  slightly  fleshy,  plano-convex 
■when  young,  often  excentric  ;  turning  pale  ;  gills  very  close,  narrow  and  ten- 
der, often  forked  ;  stem  about  1  in,  long,  smooth. — Fries,  ilost  beautifully 
and  repeatedly  lobed  and  fimbriated.— J/./.  B. 

116.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  lignatilis.     Fers.    •' Beech  Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convexo-plane  or  somewhat  umbilicate, 
floccoso-pruinose;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  flexuose,  sub-villose; 
gills  adnate,  crowded,  narrow,  white. — Pers.  Si/n.p.o68.  B.  Sf 
Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1865),  no.  996.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1797.  Saund.  4'  Sm. 
t.6. 

On  beech  trees.     Burnham  Beeches,  abundant  in  1863. 

With  a  strong  mealy  odour.  Stem  sometimes  2-3 in.  sometimes  only  3-4 
lines  long,  thin,  unequal,  pileus  usually  more  or  less  excentric,  from  1  to  3- 
4  in.  broad,  repand,  undulately  lobed.  Spores  '00015  X  "00012  in. 


48  AGAEICINI. 

117.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  circinatus.      Fr.      "  Circinate 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  orbicular,  glistening, 
slightly  silky,  becoming  whitish ;  stem  stuffed,  elastic,  short, 
equal,  smooth,  rooting;  gills  adnate  fsub-decurrent),  crowded, 
white. — Fr.Ejncr.p.ld^.  Secr.no.  G70. 

On  rotten  wood.     W,  W.  Saunders,  Esq. 

Solitary,  beautifully  regular,  sub-central,  tougb,  wholly  white,  not  hygro- 
phanous,  odour  faint,  not  mealy ;  stem  1-2  in.  long,  3-4  lines  thiick ;  pileus 
about  Sin. broad. 

118.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  ostreatus.     Jacq.      "  Oyster 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  soft,  fleshy,  sub-dimidiate,  conchate,  ascending,  growing 
pale;  stem  abbreviated  (or  obsolete),  firm,  elastic,  strigose  at  the 
base;  gills  decurrent,  rather  distant,  anastomosing  behind,  whitish. 
— Fr.Epicr.p.  133.  Huss.ii.t.  19.  Sow.  t.  241.  Letell.  t.  695.  Vitt. 
Mang.t.4:.  Lenz.f.ld.  Vent.  1. 17,  f.  3-4, 1. 18.  Kromhh.t.41,  f. 
1-7.  Tratt.  essb.  Sch.  t.  0.  Tratt.  Austr.  t.  40.  Cooke,  B.F.  t.  8. 
Smith,  E.M.f.  17.  Jacq.  Austr.  t.  288.  Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  71.  Badh.  i. 
t.  2,  ii.  1. 10.  Hogg.  ^  Johnst.  t.  21. 

On  trees,  especially  laburnum.  Autumn  and  winter.  Escu- 
lent. [United  States.] 

Imbricated,  large;  pileus  sub-dimidiate,  very  thick  and  fleshy,  flesh,  white, 
dusky  towards  the  surface,  lin.  deep  the  border  at  first  fibrillose,  orsquamu- 
lose,  margin  involute  ;  as  the  pileus  expands  the  white  fibrillse  vanish,  and 
the  colour  changes  from  dusky  to  bistre  ;  margin  paler  and  rimulose,  the 
whole  surface  shining  and  satiny  when  dry,  soft  and  clammy  when  moist, 
towards  the  base  in  age  there  is  a  little  white  down  ;  gills  broad,  here  and 
there  forked,  anastomosing  at  the  base,  dirty  white,  the  edge  serrated,  umber. 
In  large  specimens  there  is  often  a  distinct  stem,  clothed  with  a  dense  short 
white  do^vn,  which  runs  up  between  the  gills;  when  dry  the  pileus  becomes 
pallid  or  yellowish.— J/.  /.  £.     Spores  -0003  X  -00015  in. 

119.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  salignus.     Fr.   "Willow Pleurotus." 

Pileus  compact  or  spongiose,  sub -dimidiate,  horizontal,  at  first 
pulvinate,  even,  then  with  the  disc  depressed,  sub-strigose ;  stem 
short,  white,  tomentose ;  gills  decurrent,  somewhat  branched, 
eroded,  distinct  at  the  base,  nearly  ctf  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr. 
;?.  133.  Letell.  t.  687.  Tratt.  Austr.  t.  4,/.  8.  Paul.  t.  22,  Eiig.Fl. 
Y.p.72. 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Oct. — Jan.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  convex.  4-6 in. broad,  stem  excentricor  lateral,  sometimes  obsolete; 
fuli|_'inou?.  white,  or  ochraceous,  according  to  its  stage  of  growth. -  i^rte*. 
Spores  -00036  X  -00015  in.— IF.&./S'. 


AGAEICINI.  49 

Sect  3.     Holopleurus. — pileus  dimidiate. 

120.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  petaloides.     Bull.     "Petaloid 

Pleui'otus." 

Ascending  ;  pileiis  fleshy,  spatliulate;  entire,  disc  villous,  de- 
pressed :  stem  compressed,  yillous  ;  gills  decurrent,  crowded,  nar- 
row, whitisli. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  134.  Bull.  t.  226,  557.  Vent.  t.  44,  /. 
5,  6.   Pers.  Ohs.  t.  4,/.  1.  Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  72. 

On  the  ground,  amongst  grass.     Hare.     [United  States.] 

Gills  whitish,  tender,  decurrent ;  stem  flat,  often  channelled,  nearly  erect ; 
solitary,  stem  about  1  in.  long,  erect.  — Puiio/i.  Spores  •0003  X  "OOOlo  in. — 
W.  G.  S. 

121.  Agaricus  (Pleuirotus)    serotinus.     Sclirad.     "Yellowish 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  viscid ;  stem  lateral,  thick,  squamulose, 
with  sooty  points  ;  gills  determinate,  crowded,  yellowish,  or  pallid. 
—Spic.  p.  140.  B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  997.  Fl.Dan. 
i.  1293,/.  2.  Buxh.x.t.2,f.2. 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Jedburgh.     Bowood.     [United  States.] 

Gregarious ;  pileus  2-3  in.  across,  yellowish,  or  dingy  olive,  reniform,  or 
obovate,  margin  at  first  slightly  involute,  thenrepaud  ;  flesh  whitish,  insipid. 

122.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  xnitis.     P.     '"Kidney-shaped 

Pleurotus."' 

Pileus  rather  flesby,  tough,  reniform,  even,  smooth,  growing 
pale  ;  stem  lateral,  compressed,  dilated  upwards,  with  little  white 
scales  ;  gills  determinate,  crowded,  distinct,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
135.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  6.  /.  9.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  74.  Mag.  Zool.  4'  Bot. 
no.  48. 

On  dead  larch.     Oct.     Scotland.     Notts. 

Pileus  k  in.  broad,  at  length  almost  sessile;  gills  distinct  from  the  hori- 
zontal stem,  very  close,  linear-lanceolate,  pallid-whitish. — Frit-i.  Firm, 
tasteless,  white,  or  rufescent.  in  the  young  state  spathula'e,  and  the  stem 
quite  distinct,  the  pileus  gradually  dilates,  the  stem  becomes  obsolete,  and  the 
pileus  reniform,  the  outer  margins  meeting,  and  the  one  overlapping  the 
other;  upper  stratum  gelatinous. — M.J.B. 

123.  Agaricus    (Pleurotus)  tremulus.      SchcEff.      "  Grey 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  reniform,  dej)ressed,  tough,  even ;  stem 
marginal,  distinct,  nearly  round,  ascending,  villous  ;  gills  adnate, 
detenninate,  narrow,  distant,  grey. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  135.  Schoeff.  t. 
224:  (except  Jig.  1.)  Sow.  1.24.2.  Eng.  Fix. p. 14.. 


50  AGARICINI. 

Amongst  moss.  Eare.  Malvern  Hills.  Scotland.  Denbigh- 
shire. [United  States.] 

About  1  in.  across  ;  grey,  turning  pale,  sometimes  sessile,  the  base  villous  j 
gills  distinct,  distant. 

124.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  acerosus.    Fr.    "  Lawn  Pleurotus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  reniform,  plane,  striate,  sub-lobate,  hy- 
grophanous  ;  stem  very  short  or  obsolete,  lateral,  rather  strigose 
at  the  base;  gills  determinate,  narrow,  crowded,  simple,  grey. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  135.  Bolt.  t.  72,  f.  3.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  673. 

On  gravel,  lawns,  wood,  &c.     Rare.     Hitchen,  Suffolk. 

Pileus  membranaceous,  striate,  when  moist  grey,  when  dry  silky  white,  very 
variable,  1-2  in.  broad  ;  gills  horizontal,  not  decurrent,  of  the  same  colour  as 
the  pileus.     Spores  nearly  globose,  '0002  in. 

Sect.  4.      Omphalaria — pileus  at  first  resupinate. 

125.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  porrigens.     P.     "Pine  Pleurotus." 

White  ;  pileus  fleshy,  tough,  at  first  resupinate,  then  ascending 
from  the  extended  base,  ear-shaped,  smooth  above ;  gills  very 
narrow,  linear. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  136.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  72. 

On  old  pine  trunks.     Rare.     Inverary. 

Imbricated,  various  in  size,  sub-flaccid,  the  base  stretching  forward,  often 
tomentose,  very  rarely  stipitate  ;  pileus  even,  margin  thin,  inflexed,  lobed  in 
large  specimens  ;  gills  when  young  vein-like,  somewhat  divided. — Fries. 

126.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  septicus.     Fr.     "  Thin  Pleurotus." 

White ;  pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  thin,  resupinate,  then  reflexed, 
even,  pubescent ;  stem  thin,  incurved,  pubescent,  at  length  evan- 
escent ;  rootlets  byssoid  ;  gills  distant. — Fr.  Epicr.  }'>•  136.  Sow. 
t.321.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  74.  Letell.t.  706. 

On  twigs,  decayed  fungi,  dung,  &c. 

Pileus  3-5  lines  broad,  at  length  free,  slightly  carnose  ;  gills  rather  broad, 
distinct ;  stem  2  lines  high,  attenuated  upwards,  sometimes  obsolete,  as  well 
as  its  radicles. — Fries. 

127.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  mastrucatus.     Fr.     "Imbricated 

Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  upper  stratum  gelatinous,  at  first  resupinate,  then 
expanded,  sessile,  lobed,  squamulose ;  gills  greyish  white. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  137.   Sow.  ^  99.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  74. 

On  old  trunks.     Rare.  [Cincinnati.] 

Imbricated  ;  pileus  1-4  in.  across,  lobed  in  large  specimens,  flaccid,  rough 
with  hairs,  and  rigid  points  intermixed  ;  gills  radiating  from  a  downy  knob. — 
Fries. 


AGAEICINI.  51 

128.  Agairicus  (Pleurotus)  atzoccezuleus.     Fr.     '-Blue-black 

Pleurotus."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  upper  stratum  gelatinous,  at  first  resupinate,  then 
obovate,  reniform,  tomentose  ;  gills  crowded,  white,  becoming  yel- 
lowish.— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  137.  Schceff.  t.  246,  /.  3,  8,  9.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  674.  Saund.  ^  Sm.  t.  6. 

On  trunks.     Rare.     Penzance. 

Pileus  at  first  resupinate,  soon  reflesed,  obovate  or  kidney-shapecl,  1-2  in. 
broad,  villous,  rugulose  when  dry,  commonly  dark  bluish,  rarely  brown  j 
flesh  soft,  upper  stratum  gelatino as.     Spores  '0003  X  "00013  in. 

129.  Agazicus  (Pleurotus)  algidus.     Fr.     '•  Ding}-  Pleurotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  cuticle  gelatinous,  at  first  resupinate,  then  ex- 
panded, reniform,  smooth  ;  gills  rather  broad,  crowded,  pale,  yel- 
lowish.— Fr.  Epicr.  p. 131.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  Ibb2,  f.  l,t.  1556,/.  2. 
Fers.  M.E.  t.  23,  f.  5. 

On  trunks.     Linlithgowshire.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  about  1  in.  across,  reddish  umber  or  cinereous,  usually  caespitose  and 
imbricated,  somewhat  kidney-shaped,  smooth,  viscid  when  young. 

130.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  Leightoni.     Berk.     '•  Leigbton's 

Pleurotus."' 

Pileus  at  first  obliquely  conical,  umber,  then  lead-coloured,  fur- 
furaceous,  with  short  scattered  bristles  intermixed ;  upper  stra- 
tum gelatinous;  gills  rather  thick,  tan-coloured,  distant,  somewhat 
forked  at  the  base,  slightly  undulated ;  interstices  scarcely  reti- 
culated.— Ann.  Xat.  Hist.  xiii.  t.  9,f.  1 .  Bei^k.  Outl.p.  138. 

On  wood.     Xear  Shrewsbury. 

Pileus  5  lines  broad,  at  first  cyphellseform.  obliquely  conical,  umber  brown, 
gradually  becoming  paler,  at  length  of  a  pallid  lead  colour,  furfuraceous, 
especially  behind,  where  there  are  a  few  bristles  ;  flesh  consisting  of  two  dis- 
tinct strata,  of  which  the  upper  is  gelatinous,  and  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus, 
the  lower  white.  Stem,  none  ;  gills  of  a  pallid  tan  colour,  thickish,  distant, 
undulated,  obscurely  wrinkled  at  the  base,  the  interstices  scarcely  reticulated. 
—2I.J.B. 

131.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  cyphellseforxnis.     Berk.     "Pendu- 

lous Pleurotus." 

Pileus  cup-shaped,  then  dependent,  uj^per  stratum  gelatinous, 
cinereous,  very  minutely  strigose,  especially  at  the  base ;  margin 
paler,  sprinkled  with  a  few  meal-like  scales ;  gills  pure  white, 
rather  distant,  narrow,  linear. — Mag.  Zool.  ^'  Bot.  i.t.  15,/.  3. 
Berk.  Outl.p.  138. 

On  dead  stems  of  herbaceous  plants.     Oct. 

D  2 


62  AGAEICINI. 

Gregarious.  Pileus  2  Hues  or  more  broad  and  high,  altogether  stemless,  cup- 
shaped,  hanging  down,  cinereous,  very  minutely  strigose,  especially  at  the 
base;  margin  paler,  sprinkled  with  a  few  meal-like  scales.  Upper  stratum 
gelatinous,  cinereous,  beneath  which  the  flesh  is  white  and  very  thin.  Gills 
pure  white,  rather  distant,  the  alternate  ones  shorter,  narrow,  linear. — M.  J.B. 

132.  Agaxicus  (Pleurotus)  Hobsoni.  Bcrli.  "  Hobson's  Pleurotus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  reniform,  or  dimidiate,  stemless,  pale- 
grey,  minutely  downy ;  gills  rather  distant,  pallid. — Berk.  Outl. 

On  larch  stumps.     Sept.     Apethorpe. 
Pileus  i-4  lines  across  ;  margin  involute. 

133.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  applicatus.     Batsch.    "Little  grey 

Pleurotus."' 

Dark  cinereous ;  pileus  submembranaceous,  rather  firm,  resu- 
pinate,  then  refiexed,  somewhat  striate,  sub-pruinose,  villous  at 
the  base;  gills  loose,  paler. — Fr.  Epic7\ p.  137.  Batsch. f.  126. 
Sow.t.oOl.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.lo.  BuU.t.b81,f.2.  Pers.  M.E.i.t. 
28,/.  8. 

On  dead  fallen  branches.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  about  J  in.  across,  when  young  cup-shaped,  resupinate,  slightly 
carnose,  striate  when  moist,  more  or  less  villous  ;  gills  broad,  distant,  radi- 
ating, grey,  the  margin  whitish,  stem  none. — M.  J.  B.     (fij.  37,  nat.  size.) 

134.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  striatulus.     Fr.   "  Striate  Pleurotus." 

Pale  cinereous.  Pileus  very  delicate,  striate,  flaccid,  smooth  ; 
gills  few,  distant. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  137.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  75. 

.  On  firwood,  hazel  twigs,  &c.     Scotland.     [S.  Carolina.] 

Scattered  or  gregarious,  persistent.  Pileus  3-4  lines  broad,  convex,  wrin- 
kled when  dry  ;  gills  few,  unequal,  distant,  sometimes  dirty-white,  sometimes 
the  whole  plant  is  brown. — Fries. 

135.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  hypnophilus.    P.    "  Moss  Pleurotus." 

Piesupinate,  flat,  white  ;  pileus  sub-reniform,  nearly  smooth  ; 
gills  simple. — Pers.  M.E.  iii.  t.  24:,/.  5  a.  Berk.  Outl. p.  139.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.76. 

On  the  larger  mosses  and  fallen  leaves.     Appin. 

Exactly  the  habit  of  ^1.  rariahilis,  but  the  spores  are  white,  and  in  conse- 
quence the  gills  do  not  change  colour. 

136.  Agaricus  (Pleurotus)  chioneus.     P.     "  Snowy  Pleurotus." 

Snow-white,  sub-resupinate,  minute;  pileus  very  thin,  villous  ; 
gills  lather  broad  ;  stem  very  short,  villous,  at  length  obsolete. — 
Pers.  M.E.  iii.  t.  26, f.  10-11.  Berk.  Outl. p.  139.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  75. 


AGAEICIXl.  63 

On  wood  or  clung.     Rare.     Lytcliett,  Dorset. 

Pileus  2  lines  broad,  extremely  delicate  and  fragile,  clothed  witli  white 
down,  fixed  by  a  few  downy  threads,  the  margin  involute  ;  gills  radiating, 
distant,  with  sometimes  a  single  smaller  one  in  the  interstices. — J/.  J.B. 

Sub-Gen.  7.     Collybia,  Fv.  Epicr.  p.  81. 

Pileus  at  first  convex,  with  an  involute  margin ;  stem  witli  a 
cartilaginous  bark,  of  a  different  substance  from  the  hymeno- 
phore,  but  confluent  with  it ;  gills  adnate  or  slightly  attaciied 
(not  decurrent). 

Hab.  Most  of  the  species  are  epiphytal. — (PL  II., Jig.  1 .) 

Usually  small  and  tough,  lasting  far  into  the  winter  ;  few  only  are  known 
to  be  edible,  as  A.fasij)es,  Bull.  A.escide/itas,Wiclj\&o.  2faras)/iius is  closely 
allied  to  Collyhia. 

Sect.  1.     Stricepedes — stem  sulcate,  fibrillose,  or  striate. 

137.  Agaaricus  (Collybia)  ladicatus.    Relli.    "Eooting  Collybia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convex,  then  plane,  wrinkled,  glutinous ; 
stem  stuffed,  tall,  attenuated  upwards,  rooting,  rigid,  smooth ; 
gills  adnexed,  distant,  white. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  81.  Sov:.  ^.-48.  Gard. 
C;z?m.  1860,7).  265.  Grev.t.211.  Krombh.t.6'2J.Q-10.  Fault. 
97,  /.  3-4.  BerJc.  Outl.  t.  5,  /.  4.  Eng.  Ft.  v.  p.  4-4.  Hms.  i.  1. 15. 
PriceJ.^%.    Vent.  t.  56,/.  1-2. 

On  old  stumps,  &c.     Very  common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  3-4  in.  across,  flat,  more  or  less  umbonate,  radiato-rugose,  smooth, 
at  first  slimy,  carnose,  tough  and  elastic,  delicate,  fusco-ochraceoas,  oliva- 
ceoas.  &C.J  often  irregular;  gills  white,  thick,  distant,  ventricose,  adnate, 
with  or  without  a  tooth,  sometimes  almost  decurrent;  stem  4-8  in.  high, 
about  f  in.  thick,  attenuated  upwards,  twisted,  not  smooth,  but  rather  fur- 
furaceous,  sometimes  striate  above  with  raised  lines,  paler  than  the  pileus, 
juicy,  brittle,  splitting  longitudinally,  sometimes  tough,  at  length  hollow, 
rufescent  within,  penetrating  very  deeply  into  the  ground  by  a  fusiform  root. 
—  M.J.B.     Spores  '10041  X  'OOOGS  in. 

138.  Agazicus  (Collybia)  longipes.      Bull.     "  Long-stemmed 

Collybia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  conical,  then  expanded,  .umbonate,  dry, 
slightly  velvety ;  stem  stuff'ed,  tall,  attenuated  upwards,  villose, 
at  length  sulcate ;  root  long,  fusiform  ;  gills  rounded  behind, 
rather  distant,  white. — Bull.  t.  232.  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  81.  Huss.  i.  t. 
80.  Batt.  t.  20,  /.  A.  Corda.  Sturm,  t.  52.  Ag.pudens,  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  64. 

On  old  stumps,  &c. 

Stem  quite  as  velvety  as  in  A .  velvtipes,  and  the  pilens,  especially  its  margin, 
more  or  less  so,  and  by  no  means  glutinous. 


54 


AGAEICIXI. 


139.        Agaricus  (Collybia)   platyphyllus.     Fr.     "  Broad-gilled 

Collybia." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  becoming  plane, 
obtuse,  moist,  streaked  with  little  fibres  ;  stem  stuffed,  equal,  soft, 
naked,  striate,  pallid,  ending   abruptly  ;   gills  truncate,  adnexed 
distant,  broad,  -white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  82.  Bull,  t.  594.  Paul  t 
97,  f.  1-2.  Buxh.  lY.  t.  18.  Ann.  N.H.  nos.  263,  323. 

In  woods,  amongst  leayes.     Rare.  [S.Carolina.] 

Pileus  5  in.  or  more  across,  smooth,  hygrophanous,  expanded,  with  a  broad 
umbo,  sinuated  and  undulate,  thin,  except  in  the  centre,  umber  shaded  with 
bistre,  more  or  less  virgate.  but  by  no  means  silky,  though  it  has  a  sleek  shin- 
ing aspect,  flesh  brownish  beneath  the  sub-cartilaginous  cuticle,  in  other  parts 
firm  and  white  ;  stem  2i  in.  high,  f  in.  thick,  nearly  equal,  obtuse,  stringy, 
slightly  twisted,  streaked,  smooth,  not  rooting  ;  gills  broad,  truncato-adnexed, 
at  first  white,  at  length  pallid,  distant,  smell  strong,  taste  not  unpleasant-  — 
M.  J.B. 

The  vai'iety  (A.  repens).  with  a  stout  creeping  mycelium,  has  also 
been  found  in  Britain.— f6-'a/-cZ  Chroit.,ld>^l,  jj.^2Q,fig.)  Spores  "0005  X 
•0007  in. 


140.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  fusipes.      Bull.     "Spindle-stem 

Collybia." 

Tough ;  pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  smooth,  even,  or  ri- 
mose,  umbo  evanescent ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  contorted, 
swollen,  sulcate,  fusiform  and  rooting ;  gills  adnexed,  nearly  free, 
at  length  separating  behind,  broad,  distant,  connected  by  veins, 
white,  then  the  colour  of  the  pileus. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  83.  Bull.  t. 
106,516,/.  2.  Sow.t.Ud.  Vent.t.ld,/.  D-7.  Krombh.t.  42,  f. 
9-11.  SchcBff.  t.  87-88.  Fl.  Dan.t.l607.  Batt.t.20,B.  Berk. 
Outl.  t.  5,  /.  5.  Huss.  ii.  t.  48.  CooJce,  B.F.  t.  5.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  45. 
Price,/.  85.  Hogg.  ^-  Johnst.  1. 14. 

On  stumps.     Veryconamon.     Esculent. 

Densely  tufted;  pilens  1|  in.  or  more  broad,  when  yonng hemispherical, 
smooth,  dull  vinous  brown,  fleshy  ;  margin  incurved,  then  expanded,  cracked, 
sometimes  tesselated  and  warty,  paler,  but  here  and  there  towards  the  margin 
marked  with  dark  patches,  as  if  burnt  ;  gills  pale,  umber,  free,  or  only  appa- 
rently adnate.  sometimes  rounded  behind,  and  then  separating  from  the  stem, 
with  a  rather  watery  appearance,  though  dry,  connected  by  veins,  distant ; 
stem  2-6  in.  long,  ^-1  in.  thick,  ventricose,  rooting,  paler  than  the  pileus, 
marked  towards  the  base  with  little  dark  specks,  striate  longitudinally,  often 
cracked ;  substance  within  loose  and  fibrous,  at  length  hollow ;  taste  agree- 
able.—J/.  J.B.     Spores  '0002  X  'OOOIS  in. 

Far.  jedematopus.  Fr.  Gills  unequally  decurrent,  pallid. — 
Pall.  Boss.  i.  t.  9,/.  2.  (PI.  II.  f.  6,  reduced.) 


AGAEICINI.  55 

141.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  maculatus.    A.  <^\  S.     "Spotted 

Colly  bia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convex,  then  plane,  obtnse,  even, 
smooth ;  stem  stout,  ventricose,  striate,  attenuated  below,  abrupt; 
gills  free,  crowded,  rather  linear,  white,  as  well  as  the  stem. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.^^.  Sow.t. 24.(0.  Huss.ilt.GO.  Eng.  Fl.x.p.Vo. 

In  fir  woods.     Xot  common. 

Pileus  2-3  in.  across,  at  first  white,  then  spotted,  as  well  as  the  stem,  with 
reddish  brown,  even,  smooth,  truly  carnose,  rather  compact,  hemispherical,  at 
first  with  an  involute  margin,  then  quite  plane,  margin  often  repand,  white, 
here  and  there  spotted  with  rufous,  at  length  altogether  dirty  rufous;  gills 
free,  very  close,  narrow,  scarcely  above  2  lines  broad,  linear,  dirty  pallid; 
stem  3-4 in.  high,  but  much  drawn  out  when  growing  amongst  moss,  4-10 
lines  thick,  stout,  unequal,  more  or  less  ventricose  and  attenuated  below. — 
Fries.     Spores  nearly  globular,  length  "0002  in. 

(PI.  Il.y  fig.  6,  small  figure.) 

142.  Agazicus  (Collybia)  butyraceus.     Bull.     "  Buttery 

Collybia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  even,  smooth, 
moist,  changing  colour ,flesh  becoming  white  ;  stem  stuffed,  exter- 
nally cartilaginous,  conical,  striate,  reddish  brown  ;  gills  nearly 
free,  crowded,  creniilate,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  84.  Bull.  t.  572. 
Buxh.  iv.  t.  5./.  1.  Batt.  1. 16,  G.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  46. 

In  woods,  especially  of  fir.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  \\  in.  broad,  sub-carnose,  convex,  expanded,  umbonate,  sub--vdscid, 
of  a  livid  ochre,  or  dull  green,  when  quite  young  of  a  livid  brown,  the  mar- 
gin sub-rufescent,  but  a  portion  below  the  umbo  soon  grows  pale,  so  that  the 
pileus  appears  of  four  colours  ;  the  umbo  always  dark,  sometimes  the  rest  of 
the  pileus  is  pale,  rufescent,  or  ochraceous,  margin  occasionally  striate,  flesh 
white,  mottled  with  rufous  ;  gills  close,  free,  not  ventricose.  rounded,  edge 
rather  uneven  and  notched  ;  stem  1^-2  in.  high,  f  in.  thick  below,  somewhat 
twisted,  smooth,  slightly  striate,  downy  at  the  bulbous  base,  stuS'ed,  white 
within,  outer  coat  of  a  different  structure  and  pubescent. — M.  J.  B. 

Sect.  2.   Velutipedes — stem  velvety,  floccose,  or  pruinose. 

143.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  Telutipes.     Curt.    •■' Velvet- stemmed 

Collybia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convex,  then  plane,  obtuse,  smooth,  viscid  ; 
stem  stuff'ed,  velvety,  rooting,  dark-bay;  gflls  adnexed,  distant, 
yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  86.  Curt.  Fl.  L.  t.  70.  Iluss.i.  t.  56. 
Bolt.  1. 126.  Krombh.t.U,/.  6-9,  t.  62,  f.  21.  Tratt.Austr.t.l. 
Batsch.  f.l22.  Paw/,  f.  104,/.  5-6.  Cooke  exs.no.  201.  Vent.t. 
25./.  3-4.  Batt.  t.  22  C.  Eng.  FL  v.  p.  44.  Vaill.  t.  12,  /.  8-9. 
^M/Z.i.344,519,/.2. 


56  AGARICINI. 

On  logs  and  trunks  of  trees.     Common.     [United  States.] 

Cffispitose;  pileus  1-3  in.  broad,  smooth,  slimy,  of  a  beautiful  tawny  colour, 
convex,  expanded,  flesby,  margin  thin,  sub-transparent ;  gills  ventricose, 
broad,  scarcely  adnnte,  ochraceous  ;  stem  2-9  in.  high,  f  in.  thick,  incurved, 
velvety,  rich  tawny  brown,  pale  above,  often  compressed  and  striate,  fistulose. 
— M.  J.  B.    Spores  variable  in  size,  nearly  globular,  average  length,  '00027  in. 

144.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  caulicinalis.     Bull.     "Thatch 

Collybia." 

Pilens  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  nmbilicate,  clothed 
with  velvety  scales,  or  fibrillose  ;  stem  stnffed,  then  fistnlose, 
tough,  more  or  less  hairy  ;  gills  separating,  then  free,  ventricose, 
rather  distant,  white. — Bull.  t.  522,  f.  2.  A.stipitarius.  Fr.  Eincr. 
p.  87.  Alb.  ^  Sell.  t.  9,/.  6.  Berh.  Outl.  t.  5,/.  •  .  IIuss.  i.  t.  68. 

On  grass,  old  thatch,  twigs,  &c.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  clothed  with  tawny  or  brown  hairs,  or  fibres,  which  sometimes  form 
scales,  4-5  lines  broad  ;  stem  1-2  in.  long,  tough,  bright  brown. 

145.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  confluens.    P.    "  Confluent  Collybia." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  obtuse,  flaccid, 
smooth,  hygrophanous ;  stem  'fistulose,  slightly  compressed, 
rufous,  clothed  with  white,  pulverulent  down;  gills  remote,  free, 
narrow,  very  crowded,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  fc8.  Pers.  Ic.  Pict. 
t.  5./.  1.  Buxh.  iv.  t,  20.  Batsch.f.  104.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  46. 

Amongst  leaves  in  woods.     Common.        [United  States.] 

Pileus  1  in.  across,  reddish  brown,  in  rings  or  confluent  masses  ;  gills  leav- 
ing a  distinct  area  round  the  top  of  the  stem  ;  stems  adhering  to  each  other; 
densely  tufted,  at  first  convex,  at  length  expanded,  obsoletely  umbouate, 
more  or  less  irregular  and  compressed,  the  margin  when  fresh  finel}"-  striate  ; 
gills  distinct,  perfectly  free,  linear,  finely  serrulate,  pale,  changing  to  cream 
colour;  stem  2  in.  high,  or  more,  above  1  line  thick,  compressed,  thickest 
upwards,  pale  rufous  below,  the  whole  covered  with  white  mealy  pubescence, 
not  strigose. — M.  .7.  B. 

146.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  ingratus.     ScJivjn.     "  UniDleasant 

Collybia." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  globose,  campanulate,  or  convex,  umbo- 
nate,  even;  stem  fistulose,  long,  contorted,  rather  compressed, 
pulverulent  or  downy,  especially  above,  umber  below ;  gills  free, 
narrow,  very  crowded,  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  88.   Berk.  Out. p.  117. 

Var.  B.   Pileus  convex,  obtuse  ;    stem  villoso-pulverulent. — 
Berk.  Out. p.  117. 

In  woods. 

Difi"ers  principally  from  A.  confluens  in  the  gills  not  leaving  a  free  space 
round  the  top  of  the  stem. — M.  J.  B. 


AGAEICINI.  57 

147.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  vertixugis.     CooTie.     ""Wrinkled 

CoUybia." 

Pileus  tougli,  thin,  radiato-rugose,  minutely  pulverulent,  cam- 
panulate,  then  convex,  at  length  plane  ;  stem  minutely  velvety, 
strigose  at  the  base,  fistulose  ;  gills  adnate,  white,  with  a  yellow- 
ish tinge,  connected  by  veins. — Ag.undatus.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  117, 
no.107.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.ol. 

On  dead  fern  roots. 

Pileus  not  exceeding  1  in.  across,  dull  brown,  or  cinereous,  campanulate,  at 
length  convexo-plane,  wrinkled  in  the  direction  of  the  gills,  tough,  sub- 
membranaceous,  minutely  pulverulent ;  gills  truly  adnate,  ascending  or  hori- 
zontal, moderately  distant,  connected  by  veins,  white,  with  a  yellowish  tinge; 
stem  2-2^  in.  high,  ^-1  line  thick,  strigose  at  the  base,  rufous,  minutely  vel- 
vety, jB.stulose,  sometimes  compressed. — M. ./.  B. 

As  Ag.  liivlatii.s  Fries,  has  precedence  of  this  species,  the  name  adopted  by 
the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley  must  be  given  up,  and  we  therefore  substitute 
another.  According  to  custom  this  would  be  Ag.  Berkeleyi^  if  that  name  had 
not  already  been  adopted  for  an  Indian  species. 

148.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  conigenus.  P.   "  Fir-cone  Collybia." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  nearly  plane,  unequal,  sub-umbonate, 
smooth ;  stem  minutely  fistulose,  tough,  pulverulent,  becoming 
pallid,  root  strigose  or  fibrillose ;  gills  free,  narrow,  much 
crowded,  becoming  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  89.  Buxh.  i.  t.  57,  /.  2. 
Sow.t.-20Q.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.bO. 

On  fir  cones.     Oct.  Nov. 

Pileus  about  1  in.  across,  reddish  brown  at  first,  pallid  when  dry,  rather 
irregular,  umbonate,  expanded,  often  depressed,  sometimes  quite  smooth, 
occasionally  more  or  less  lanato-pubescent,  sometimes  tinged  with  choco- 
late ;  flesh  woolly  when  dry,  firm  when  moist ;  gills  very  numerous,  linear, 
free,  or  only  adnexed,  tinged  with  yellow,  or  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus,  the 
unequal  ones  very  long;  stem  variable  in  length,  f-l|  lines  thick,  tough,  pul- 
verulento-pubescent,  n-ith  a  long,  very  strigose,  rooting  base,  rufous,  hollow, 
woolly  inside.- J/.  /.  B.     Spores  -0001  X  'OOOio  in. 

149.  Agaricus   (Collybia)  cixxhatus.     Schum.     "  Cirrhat« 

Collybia." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  plane,  silky,  at  length  umbilicate;  stem 
slightly  fistulose,  flexuose,  equal,  pallid,  pulverulent;  root 
twisted,  fibrillose;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  narrow  white. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  90.  Batsch.f.  95.  Berk.  Out. p.  117. 

Amongst  leaves,  &c.  [Cincinnati.] 

Often  attached  to  a  little  yellowish,  nodular  Sclerotium.  Stem  1-2  in.  long, 
filiform,  pallid  ;  pileus  5-6  lin.  broad,  rather  silky,  at  length  finely  and  con- 
centrically rivulose,  opaque,  white. 

D    5 


58  AGAEICIIiJI. 

150.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  tuberosus.     Bull.     "Tuberous 

Collybia." 

White ;  pilciis  slightly  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  umbo- 
nate,  smooth,  even  ;  stem  snb-fistulose,  obsoletcly  pulverulent ; 
root  smooth,  springing  from  a  sclerotioid  tuber,  somewhat  yel- 
lowish ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  slender,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  90. 
Gard.  Chron.  1860,  p.  4.hQ,,fig.  Bull.  t.  256.  Fl.  Dan.  1613. 
Batsch.  f.  93.  Grev.  t.  23.  Eng.  FL  v.  p.  51.  Berk.  Mag.  ZooL  ^ 
Bot.  no.  44. 

On  dead  Russules,  Szq.^  and  on  the  ground.     Aug. — Nov. 

Small;  pileus  2-9  lines  broad,  sub-camose,  at  first  convex,  then  expanded, 
and  sub-umbonate,  sometimes  depressed,  white,  shining,  with  a  satiny  lustre; 
gills  numerous,  close,  acutely  adnate  ;  stem  1  in.  long,  very  slender,  white, 
or  subrufeseent,  under  the  lens  pulverulent,  falsely  fistulose  ;  the  stems  have 
a  tendency  to  become  engrafted  on  each  other;  either  attached  to  or  without 
a  Sclerofnim. — Eafi.  Fl.  Abundant  in  the  tubes  of  a  dead  Pobiporus  squa- 
mosus,  Epping  Forest,  1869.  Specimen  in  the  British  Museum.'  — TF.  G.  S, 
Spores  -0001  X  '00007  in. 

151.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  racexnosus.     P.     "Branched 

Collybia." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  convex,  grey,  somewhat  tomentose, 
(sprinkled  with  racemose  abortive  pilei),  stem  stuffed,  base 
sclerotioid,  black ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
90.  Sow.t.^^1.  Pers.disp.t.3,f.8.  (Nees.f.  1^0.)  Mag.Zool. 
^  Bot.  no.  45. 

On  the  ground,  or  on  putrid  Agarics.     Very  rare. 
Turns  almost  black  in  drying. 

Sect.  3.     Lcevipecles — stem  naked,  smooth. 

152.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  acezvatus.     Fr.    "Tufted  Collybia." 

Ctespitose ;  pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  at 
length  umbonate,  smooth ,  hygrophanous ;  margin  slightly  striate  ; 
stem  fistulose,  equal,  naked,  rufous ;  base  rooting,  tomentose  ; 
gills  free,  narrow,  much  crowded,  at  first  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
92. 

At  the  base  of  old  fir  stems. 

Pileus  when  moist  reddish,  when  dry  whitish,  2-3  in.  broad  ;  stem  2-4  in. 
long,  1-2  lines  thick,  quite  smooth,  except  at  the  base. 

153.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  collinus.     Scop.     "  Hill  Collybia." 

Pileus-  rather  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  umbonate, 
smooth ;  stem  fistulose,  equal,  abrupt,  naked,  even,  growing  pale ; 


AGAEICINI.  59 

gills  free,  rentrlcose,  lax,  -white,  becoming  pallid. — Srop.  Cam. 
pAS2.  Fr.Ejncr.p.dO.  ScJiceff.t.  220.  Fl.  Dan.t.  160d.  Bull.  f. 
403,/.  1.  Seem.  Journ.  Bot.  \Y.p.  3-47. 
On  grassy  slopes. 

Pileus  ratlaer  viscid,  somewhat  striate,  shining  when  dry,  1-2  in.  broad, 
smooth,  tawny  or  tan  colour,  becoming  pale ;  stem  3-4  in.  long,  2-3  lines 
thick,  hollow  and  rather  fragile  ;  gills  free  and  rather  distant,  quaternate. 

154.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  xanthopus.    Fr.    "Yellow-stemmed 

Collybia."' 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  siib-unibonate, 
even,  smooth ;  stem  fistulose,  equal,  yellow,  even ;  base  equal, 
rooting,  strigose;  gills  truncate  behmd,  free,  broad,  thin,  lax, 
crowded,  whitish. — Fr.Epicr.  p.  91.  Batsch.  f.  209,vcrr.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.4:6. 

About  the  stumps  of  trees,  &c.     July. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  tough,  sub-convex,  becoming  pale  ;  stem  3  in.  high, 
rigid,  strigose  at  the  hsLse.— Fries. 

155.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  dry ophilus.    Bull.     "Wood 

Collybia."' 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  nearly  plane,  obtuse,  rather  depressed, 
even,  smooth,  turning  pale ;  stem  fistulose,  smooth,  reddish  brown, 
or  yellowish ;  gills  sinuate,  adnexed  (at  length  with  a  decurrent 
tooth),  nearly  free,  crowded,  narrow,  white  or  pallid. — Fr.  Ejncr. 
p.  92.  Bull.  t.  434.  Sow.  t.  127.  Schcpff.  t.  255.  Price,/.  12. 
Huss.  i.t.Sd.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  47.  Badh.  i.  t.  8,/.  2,  ii.  t.  7,/.  5. 

Amongst  leaves  in  woods.     Very  common.     [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.,  whitish,  pinkish,  yellowish,  or  livid,  plane,  sometimes  de- 
pressed, fleshy,  thin,  tender,  easily  injured,  of  a  watery  substance  ;  gills  free, 
white,  or  very  pale  flesh  colour,  soft,  tender,  entire,  or  serrate,  numerous  ; 
stem  2-3  in.  high,  \-^  in.  thick,  shining,  splitting,  sometimes  twisted,  of  the 
same  colour  as  the  pileus,  summit  generally  darker  and  pinkish  ;  the  whole 
plant  fragile,  and  the  pileus  easily  detached  from  the  stem.— Grev.  Spores 
pip-shaped  as  in  Marasmius  j^eronatus ,     Ft.  ;  length  '00025  in. —  W.  G.  S, 

156.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  exsculptus.     Fr.     "Sulphur-gill 

Collybia." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  tough,  convex,  then  expanded,  umbili- 
cate,  unchangeable ;  stem  fistulose,  slender,  incurved,  short, 
smooth ;  gills  almost  free  (with  a  decurrent  tooth),  arcuate,  much 
crowded,  narrow,  sulphur  coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.jj.dS.  B.  4' Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  1S66,  no.  UOd.' 


60  AGAEICINl. 

On  decayed  oak  and  on  turf. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  ;  allied  to  .1.  dryophilv^,  but  tougher  ;  the  gills  are  sulphur 
coloured  and  transversely  striate. 

157.  Agaricus  (CoUybia)  tenacellus.     P.     "  Delicate  Collybia." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  nearly  plane,  sub-umbonate,  smooth, 
even;  stem  scantily  fistulosejtouq-h,  naked,  tawny;  root  strigose; 
gills  emarginate,  adnexed,  broad,  loose,  sub-distant,  snowy 
white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  92.  Sow.  t.  206.  Pers.  Ic.  pict.  t.f.3-4:. 
Eng.  Fl.  \.  p.  50.  A.  gn'seus,  Schceff.  t.  23C. 

On  fir  cones.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  1  in.  across,  tinged  with  brown,  when  young  conic,  then  convex  and 
sub-hemispherical,  at  length  expanded  and  nearly  plane,  sometimes  slightly 
umbilicate,  not  striate,  sub-carnose,  smooth,  dry,  cinereous,  inclining  to 
yellowish,  often  altogether  abortive  ;  gills  free,  or  often  adnexed,  ventricose, 
rather  distant,  shorter  ones  truncate  behind,  in  general  pure  white,  some- 
times with  a  tinge  of  grey,  under  a  powerful  lens  covered  with  variously 
hooked  or  conic  papillae  ;  stem  2-4  in.  long,  scarcely  1  line  thick,  flexuous, 
filif  jrm,  attenuated  very  much  towards  the  ba.se,  and  somewhat  strigose, 
hollow,  pale  above,  below  tawny,  very  minutely  pubescent  under  a  good  lens, 
when  young  beautifully  downy,  and  then  not  distinctly  hollow,  but  with  only 
a  pale  line  down  the  centre.  Taste  pleasant.- J/. /.  ^.  Spores  "0002  X 
•00013  in. 

158.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  esculentus.      Jacc2.     "Nail  Mush- 

room."' 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  nearly  plane,  obtuse,  smooth ;  stem 
fistulose,  equal,  tough,  straight,  rooting,  very  smooth,  clay 
coloured ;  gills  adnate,  lax,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  92.  Jacq. 
CoU.u.t.U,f.4..  Treat.  Esb.t.F.  Le7iz.f.  IS.  Bull.  t.  4.22,/. 2. 
Vaill.t.nj.  le-lH.   Cooke  B.F.t.e,f.i.   Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  60. 

In  pastures.     Spring.   Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  about  1  in.  across,  sometimes  striate,  and  occasionally  fuscous  :  gills 
broad,  rather  close;  stem  2  in.  high,  1  line  thick,  obsoletely  fistulose  ;  root 
generally  smooth,  sometimes  Gin.  long,  and  downy  when  growing  amongst 
leaves,  either  perpendicular  or  flexuous.   Taste  bitter,  unpleasant. — £nff.  Fl. 

159.  Agaricus   (Collybia)  clavus.    Bull.    "  Bolton's  Collybia." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  almost  plane,  obtuse,  even;  stem  stuffed, 
thin,  smooth,  straight,  white;  gills  free,  crowded,  white,  separat- 
ing slightly  at  the  base. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  94.  Bull.  1. 148,^4.  (7.,  ^.569 
F.  Bolt.  t.  39,  B.   Vaill.t.  11,/.  12-20. 

On  twigs,  leaves,  &c. 


AGAEICINI.  61 

*'  This  is  a  minute  species,  differing  from  A.  acicnla  in  its  wHte  stem  and 
gills,  but  agreeing  somewhat  in  the  orange-red  pileus.  It  is  introduced  on 
the  faith  of  Bolton's  figure  and  description,  t.  39,  B,  which  however,  may 
possibly  be  ^4.  acicvla.     The  '  English  Flora'  plant  is  .1.  ccciciUa." — M.J.B. 

160.  Agaricus    (Collybia)   ocellatus.      Fr.      ••  Ocellate 

Collybia.'" 

Pileus  somewliat  fleshy,  nearly  plane,  even,  disc  depressed, 
darker,  iimbonate;  stem  minutely  fistulose,  filiform,  smooth, 
brownish  white  ;  base  rooting,  fibrillose ;  gills  adnexed,  then 
separating,  crowded,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  9-4.  Bull.  t.  5G9,/.  1, 
H.P.  Eng.  Fl.  x.p.ol. 

On  the  ground,  amongst  leaves. 

Pileus  even,  smooth,  sometimes  repand  ;  disc  yellow,  brown,  or  rufous  ; 
gills  close,  narrow;  stem obsoletely  fistulose,  1-3  in.  long,  sub-filiform,  paler 
above. — Fries. 

Sect.  4.     TephrophancE — dingy,  hygrophanous. 

161.  •  Agaricus  (Collybia)   inolens.     Weitim.     "Scentless 

Collybia." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  rather  fleshy,  campanulato-convex,  then  ex- 
panded, rigid,  umbonate,  smooth,  hygrop)hanous,  opaque ;  margin 
finely  striate,  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  rigid,  undulated,  whitish- 
strigose  at  the  base,  whitish-squamulose  at  the  apex,  gills  adnexed, 
seceding,  crowded,  whitish,  then  grey. —  Weinm,  no.  183.  Fr. 
Epic. p.  96. 

In  pine  woods.      Street. — ,/.  A.  C. 

Livid,  stem  2-3  in.  long,  l-i|lin.  thick,  but  compressed,  31in.  broad.  Pileus 
1-2  in.  broad,  repand,  unequal,  livid,  when  dry  rather  silky,  pale  tan 
colour. 

162.  Agaricus   (Collybia)    plexipes.       Fr.      "Twisted 

Collybia." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  subru- 
gose,  somewhat  striate,  smooth  ;  stem  fistulose,  equal,  tough, 
sericeo-fibrous,  with  entangled  fibres,  base  abruptly  rooting  ;  gills 
free,  rather  crowded,  white,  becoming  glaucous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  96. 
S.  M.  i.  p.  146.    Fl.  Dan.  t.  2()'23J.  2. 

On  trunks. 

Pileus  at  first  blackish,  dirty  white  at  the  margin,  then  livid -fuliginous. 
Firm  stem,  scarcely  rooting,  about  3  in.  long,  1-2  lines  thick,  dingy,  fibrous, 
obsoletely  striate.  Pileus  campanulate,  1-2  in.  broad. — Fries.  Spores  "00016 
X  -00033  in  .—  Tr.G=.>S'. 


62  AGARICINI. 

163.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  laceratus.     LascTi,    "Torn 

Collybia." 

Pileiis  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  campanulate,  rather 
blunt,  moist,  streaked  with  brown  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow, 
firm,  twisted,  fibroso-striate,  floccoso-pruinose  above,  at  length 
compressed  ;  gills  adnexed,  distant,  broad,  thick,  greyish  white. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  96.   Berk.  Out. p.  120. 

In  pine  woods. 
Pileus  1|  in.  across,  clingy,  pallid  when  dry. 

164.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  protractus.     Fr.     "Protracted 

Collybia." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  convexo-plane,  shining,  disc  fleshy, 
depressed,  sub-papillate,  darker  ;  margin  striate  ;  stem  obsoletely 
fistulose,  even,  smooth,  grey  ;  root  long,  fibrilloso-strigose ;  gills 
fixed,  ventricose,  very  broad,  grey,  finely  dusted  with  the  white 
spores.— jPr.  Ep.p.  97.    B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866),  no.  1110. 

On  the  ground.     Xov.     Ascot. 

Stem  3  in,  and  more,  pileus  grey-brown,  scarcely  an  inch  broad,  gills  ob- 
liquely ovate,  3  lines  broad  and  more. — E.F. 

165.  Agaricus  (Collybia)  atratus.     Fr.     "  Charcoal  Collybia." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  plane,  then  depressed,  umbilicate, 
smooth,  shining,  margin  convex  ;  stem  stuffed,  tough,  even, 
smooth,  short,  brown  without  and  within  ;  gills  adnate,  rather 
broad,  whitish-grey. — Fi\  Epicr.p.  98.   Ann.  N.H.  no.  671. 

On  burnt  soil  in  woods. 

Pileus  1  in.  across,  dark  brown  at  first ;  stem  1  in.  high,  1-2  lines  thick. 
Spores  -00023  X  -OOUlG  in.— IF.  G.  S. 

Suh.-Gen.     8.     Mycexa.     Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  140. 

Pileus  more  or  less  membranaceous,  generally  striate,  with  the 
margin  always  straight,  and  at  first  pressed  to  the  stem,  never 
involute,  expanded,  campanulate,  and  generally  umbonate  (not 
depressed,  as  in  Omphalia)  ;  stem  externally  cartilaginous,  tubu- 
lar, not  stufied  when  young,  confluent  with  the  hymenophore, 
but  heterogeneous  from  it ;  gills  never  decurrent,  though  some 
species  have  a  broad  sinus  near  the  stem. — (PZ.  II.,  Jig.  8.) 

Hab.     Mostly  epiphytal. 

Most  of  the  species  are  small,  beautiful,  and  inodorous,  but  some  which 
have  a  strong  alkaline  odour  are  probably  poisonous  ;  none  are  known  to  be 
edible.    They  appear  after  rain  in  summer  and  autumn. 


AGAEICINI.  63 

Sect.  1.     Calodontes — margin  of  gills  darkest. 

166.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  pelianthinus.     Fr.     "  Purplish 

Mycena." 

Pileus  somewliat  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  moist, 
hygroplianous ;  margin  striate ;  stem  firm,  fibrilloso- striate 
above,  equal,  pallid  ;  gills  adnexed,  emarginate,  beautifully  con- 
nected by  veins,  purplish,  with  a  darker,  toothed  edge. — Fr.  Epicr. 
;?.99.  Batt.t.l^J,f.F.  JBolt.  tA,f.l.  Fl.Dan.t.ldll,/.!.  Berk. 
Outl.  t.  6./.  1.  Eng.  FL  v. p.  43.  Mag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.  no.  2. 

Amongst  dead  leaves  in  woods. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  when  moisttransparent,  when  dry  whitish,  tinged  with 
purple,  the  disc  fleshy,  even,  rather  obtuse,  flesh  white  ;  gills  elegantly  con- 
nected by  a  net-work  of  veins,  distant,  purple,  when  dry  fuscous-umber  ;  veil 
none;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  li-2  lines  thick,  smooth,  becoming  pallid  ;  spores 
white. — Fries.  The  gills  are  sprinkled  over  with  short  purple  hairs,  arranged 
in  fascicles  on  the  edge.     Smell  strong. — M.  J.  B. 

167.  Agaricus   (Mycena)  balaninus.     P.    "Beech-mast 

Mycena." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  smooth  wben  dry, 
striate  when  moist ;  stem  striate,  rooting,  villous  below,  squamu- 
lose  above  ;  gills  adnate,  then  seceding,  connected  by  veins,  some- 
what reddish,  with  a  purple  edge. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  99.  Berk.  Mag. 
Zool.  ^  Bot.  i.  t.  15,/.  2. 

Amongst  leaves,  beech-mast,  &c.     Eare. 

Pileus  Ih  in.  broad,  convex,  sub-campannlate,  obtusely  umbonate,  at  length 
more  or  less  expanded,  ochraceous,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  umber,  very  minutely 
niealy,  slightly  rugulose,  carnoso-membranaceous,  margin  scarcely  striate  ; 
gills  broad,  rounded,  quite  free,  with  the  exception  of  a  connecting  tooth, 
rather  distant,  pale,  sprinkled,  and  fringed  with  dull  purple  spicules,  inter- 
stices veiny.  Spores  white,  elliptic;  stem2iin.  high,  1-2  lines  thick,  attenu- 
ated downwards,  flexuous,  rigid,  white,  and  mealy  within  the  pileus.  deep 
sienna  brown  below,  dark  brown  at  the  base,  which  is  embedded  more  or  less 
in  a  spongy  mass,  by  which  it  adheres  to  the  "mast,"  shining,  quite  smooth, 
fistulose.— J/.  /.  B. 

168.  Agazicus  (Mycena)  marginellus.    Fr.     "Margined 

Mycena." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  umbo  darker,  smooth,  finely  striate; 
stem  smooth,  gills  slightly  adnexed,  distant,  white,  the  edges 
darkened  with  minute  particles. — Epicr.  p.  100.  B.  4'  Br.  Ann. 
A^.I?.  1865,710.  988. 

On  fir  trunks,  amongst  Hypnum.     Aug.     Aboyne. 


64  AGAEICIXI. 

"Pilens  3  lines  across,  conical,  striate,  pallid  grey,  darker  in  tlie  centre, 
minutely  rivulose  ;  margin  sub-crenulate  ;  stem  short,  slightly  curved,  shin- 
ing, quite  smooth,  minutely  fistulose;  gills  distant,  slightly  adnexed,  white, 
with  a  purple  margin.  Under  a  high  magnifying  power  the  pileus  (especially 
the  edge)  and  stem  appear  clothed  with  minute  glandular  particles,  similar 
to  those  which  colour  the  edge  of  the  gills." — B.  cD  Br. 

169.  Agaricus  (IVIycena)  elegans.     P.     "  Elegant  Mycena." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  striate,  almost  um- 
bonate  ;  stem  even,  equal,  rigid,  floccoso-fibrillose  at  the  base  ; 
gills  narrow,  adnate,  livid  or  wbitish,  edge  yellow,  entire. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  100,  Fl  Dan.  t.  2024,/.  2.    Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  59. 

In  woods.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  I  in.  or  more  across,  greyish,  or  livid  yellow,  obtuse,  striate,  mar- 
gin paler,  gills  rather  broad,  adnate,  with  a  minute  tooth,  scarcely  ven- 
tricose,  the  part  nearest  the  pileus  livid;  margin  beautiful  yellow;  stem  1-2 
in.  high,  rather  brittle,  slender,  minutely  pilose,  yellow  above,  brown  below, 
fistulose,  the  base  strigose,  rather  swollen,  filled  with  watery  juice. — J/.  •/•  B. 

170.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  rubromarginatus.     Fr.     "  Red- 

bordered  Mycena.'" 

Pileus  somewhat  membranaceous,  campanulate,  obtuse,  striate, 
hygroplianous  ;  stem  rigid,  even,  without  juice  ;  gills  adnate,  dis- 
tant, whitish,  edged  with  purple  or  purple-brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
101.  Berk.  Out.  p.  122. 

On  pine  stumps.     Nov. 

Stem  1-2  in.  long,  scarcely  exceeding  1  line  thick,  equal,  livid,  pallid.  Pileus 
membranaceous,  obtuse,  about  an  inch  across,  hygrophanous,  livid  reddish 
or  purpiish-brown,  becoming  pale.  Somewhat  resembling  A.  sanf/uinolenius 
but  distinguished  at  once  by  the  absence  of  red  juice  in  the  stem. — M.  J.  B. 

171.  Agaricus  (lYIycena)  strobilinus.     Fers.     "  Fir-cone 

Mycena."' 

Scarlet.  Pileus  rather  fleshy,  campanulate,  with  an  acute  umbo, 
even  ;  margin  striate ;  stem  rigid,  without  juice,  even,  clothed 
with  white  strigose  hairs  at  the  base  ;  gills  adnate,  edge  of  a  dark 
blood-red  Qo\oM\'.—Fr.  Epicr.p.  101.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  202b,  f.  1.  Ag. 
coccineus,  Sow.  1. 197.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  59.  A.  coccinellus,  Fr.  Mon. 
Hym.\\.p.2()0. 

On  fir  cones.     Eare. 

Subgregarious,  subfasciculate.  Pileus  3-5  lines  broad,  campanulate,  with 
a  rather  short,  fleshy  umbo,  smooth,  bright  red,  or  red-orange,  striate  at  the 
margin  ;  gills  adnate,  with  a  decurrent  process,  distant,  whitish-red,  edges 
dull  and  darker  red  ;  stem  1-2  in.  high,  hollow,  firm,  smooth,  pale  red,  stri- 
gose at  the  base  and  whitish,  often  with  a  long  root.—  Grerc. 


AGAEICIXI.  65 

172.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  rosellus.    Fr,     "  Rosy  Mycena." 

Rose-coloured.  Pileus  membranaceous,  hemispherical,  obtuse, 
umbonate,  striate  ;  stem  thin,  soft,  without  juice,  whitish  fibril- 
lose  at  the  base  ;  gills  adnate,  with  the  edge  darker. — Fr.Epicr. 
p.lOl.   Fl.Dan.t.2()2b.f.'2.    Fers.  Si/n.  t.  6,f.3. 

Amongst  fir  leaves.     Rare. 

Smaller,  thinner,  softer,  and  paler,  than  A .  strohiliaiLS,  which  it  othermse 
somewhat  resembles,  although  perfectly  distinct. 

Sect.  2.  Adonidece — stem  not  dilated  at  base,  gills  of  one  colour. 

173.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  purus.     P.    "  Amethyst  My cena." 

Strong  scented.  Pileus  rather  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  ex- 
panded, obtuse,  umbonate,  smooth, turning  pallid  ;  margin  striate; 
stem  rigid,  even,  nearly  naked,  villous  at  the  base  ;  gills  very 
broad,  widely  sinuate,  adnexed,  connected  by  veins,  paler  than  the 
pileus. — Fr.Epicr. p.  1()'2.  Huss.ii.t.id.  Fng.Fl.y.p.60.  Paul. 
«.  119.  i^/.Z)rm.^.  1612, 1G73,/.1.  Batsch.J.20.  Larbr,t.l3,f. 
4.  Bull.  t.  507.  Schceff.  t.  303. 

Amongst  leaves  in  woods.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Gregarious.  Pileus  f-2  in.  broad,  sub-carnose,  obtuse,  convex,  at  length 
depressed,  the  margin  thin,  pellucid,  sometimes  marked  with  two  or  three 
concentric  groves,  amethyst,  or  rose-coloured,  soon  changing  to  a  pale  brown 
purple,  at  last  nearly  white ;  gills  broad,  adnate,  sometimes  almost  decurrent, 
at  first  whitish,  then  amethyst  or  rose,  then  subrufescent,  connected  by  veins, 
margin  uneven  ;  stem  often  twisted,  more  or  less  fibrillose,  at  length  smooth, 
tough,  hollow,  lined  -nnth  silky  fibres,  splitting  easily  upwards,  the  base  often 
strigose.  Always  distinguishable  by  its  taste,  and  odour  like  that  of  radishes. 
—J/.  /.  B.     Spores  •0U023  X  -OUOIS  in . 

174.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  Iris.     Berk.     *'  Blue  Mycena." 

Pileus  hemispherical,  obtuse,  striate,  sub-viscid,  adorned  with 
blue  fibrill^  ;  stem  fasciculate,  pilose  ;  gills  almost  free. — Berk. 
Outl.  t.  6./.  3.     Eng.  Fl.  x.p.  56, 

On  fir  slumps.     Oct.     Rare. 

Fasciculate  or  scattered,  brittle,  when  young  the  pileus  and  stem  are  bright 
sky-blue,  and  beautifully  tomentose.  Pileus  f-f  in.  broad,  membranaceous, 
hemispherical,  obtuse,  striate,  umber,  clothed  with  blue  fibrillse,  which  are 
glued  down  to  the  epidermis,  scattered  in  the  centre,  thicker  and  more  free 
on  the  margin,  which  is  slightly  denticulate  ;  gills  free  or  slightly  adnexed, 
linear,  pale  cinereous,  the  margin  sometimes  denticulate  ,•  stem,  1^-31  in. 
high,  not  1  line  broad,  not  rooting,  blue  below,  above  subrufescent,  the  to- 
mentum  below  depressed  and  blue,  above  nearly  white,  minutely  but  distinctly 
fasciculato-pHose,  in  very  elongated  specimens  obsolete. — M.  J.  B. 


66  AGARICINI. 

175.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  Adonis.    J]uU.    "  Delicate  Mycena." 

Pileus  mombranaceous,  conico-campanulate,  smooth,  nearly- 
even  ;  stem  slender,  even,  smooth  ;  gills  adnexed,  uncinate,  nar- 
row, white,  or  tinged  with  rose  colour. — Fr.^picr.p.  102.  Bull. 
t660,f.2.    Eng.Fl.Y.p.m. 

In  woods.     Rare.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  3-4  lines  bigh  and  broad,  campanulate,  rose-coloured,  white,  yel- 
lowisli,  or  green  ;  gills  not  decurrent ;  stem  2  in.  or  more  high. — Fries. 

176.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  luteo-albus.    Bolt.     "  Bolton's 

Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  umbonate,  slightly  stri- 
ate ;  stem  filiform,  dry,  shining,  smooth,  yellowish  ;  gills  adnate, 
subuncinate,  broad,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p,  103.  Bolt.  t.  38,/.  2. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.  60. 

Amongst  moss  in  woods.     Rare, 

Pileus  3-4  lines  high  and  broad,  dry  ;  gills  sub-ventricose  ;  stem  1-2  in.  high, 
filiform,  sub-flexuous. — Fries. 

177.  Agaricus  (r/Iycena)  fiavo-albus.    Fr.     "  Yellow- white 

Mycena." 

Pileus  somewhat  membranaceous,  campanulate,  or  convex, 
smooth,  almost  even,  then  exjjanded  and  umbonate;  stem  slightly 
rigid,  straight,  white,  pellucid,  pruinose  above;  gills  free,  separ- 
ating, at  length  plane,  ventricose,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  103.  B. 
^  Br.  Ann.N.H.lS6b,no.dSd.  A.pumilus.  Bull.  t.  260.  A.  lac- 
tens,  Berk.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  60. 

On  moss  at  the  base  of  trunks  of  trees.  Formerly  mixed  up 
by  Fries  with  A.  lacteus. 

Pileus  variable,  yellowish,  or  entirely  white  ;  sometimes  difficult  to  distin- 
guish from^l.  lacfeus,  3-6  lin.  broad,  conico-eampanulate,  at  length  expanded, 
minutely  umbonate,  when  dry  pure  white  ;  flesh  thin,  margin  transparent, 
m.ore  or  less  striate  and  crenulate  ;  gills  white,  slightly  ventricose.  adnate  or 
adnexed,  connected  by  veins  ;  stem  1-2  in.  high,  ^  line  thick,  sometimes  root- 
ing, pulverulent  above,  pulverulento-fibrillose  below,  with  a  little  down  at 
the  base,  not  brittle. — M.  J.  B. 

178.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  lacteus.     P.     "Milk-white  Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  sub-umbonate,  when  moist 
striate,  even  when  dry  ;  stem  equal,  filiform,  rather  tough,  flexile, 
smooth;  gills  adnate,  ascending, narrow, milk-white. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  103.  Fl.Dan.t.l^Vi),f.l.  Bull.toQdJ.N.O.  Buxb.iY.,t.31, 
/3. 


AGAEICi:EfI.  67 

In  fir  woods,  on  leayes,  or  naked  soil.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Stem  1  in.  and  more  long,  villous  at  the  base.  Pileus  thin,  papillate,  even 
Tvhen  dry,  3-5  lin.  broad  ;  gills  scarcely  |  lin.  broad.  Spores  "0002  X  "OOOlSin. 

Sect.  3.     Rigidipedes — stem  firm,  rigid. 

179.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  proliferus.     Soiv.     "  Proliferous 

Mycena." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  carapanulate,  then  expanded,  dry,  with 
a  broad  darker  umbo  ;  margin  at  length  silicate  ;  stem  firm,  rigid, 
smooth,  shining,  minutely  striate,  rooting  ;  gills  adnexed,  sub- 
distinct,  white,  then  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  105.  Sow.  t.  1G9. 

On  soil  in  gardens.     Inodorous. 

Densely  casspitose;  stem  frequently  proliferous.  Stem  pallid  above,  but  be- 
low tawny  or  bay  ;  pileus  pallid,  disc  darker  and  obtusely  umbonate  j  margin 
somewhat  striate,  and  at  length  cracked. 

180.  Agaricus  (IVIycena)  rugosus.     Fr.     "  Paigose  Mycena." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  with  un- 
equal elevated  wrinkles,  cinereous;  stem  firm,  tough,  smooth, 
pallid,  strigose  below ;  gills  arcuato-adnate,  uncinate,  connected 
by  reins,  sub-distant,  whitish  grey. — Fr.  Ep.  p.  106.  B.  ^'  Br. 
Ann.X.H.lS66,no.9dO.  Bull.t.olS.f.  K.JI. 

On  a  prostrate  oak.     Sep.     Bodelwyddan. 

"  Pileus  at  first  campanulate,  then  convex,  sulcate  up  to  the  ambo,  cinere- 
ous, as  well  as  the  short  compressed  stem,  which  is  glabrous  above ;  gills  dis- 
tant, cinereous,  uncinato-adnate,  connected  by  veins." — B.djBr. 

181.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  galericulatus.     Scop.     "Little-cap 

Mycena."' 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conico-campanulate,  then  expanded, 
striate  to  the  umbo,  dry,  smooth ;  stem  rigid,  polished,  even, 
smooth,  base  rooting,  fusiform;  gills  adnate,  with  a  decurrent 
tooth,  connected  by  veins,  whitish,  or  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. 
;?.  106.  BuU.t.DlS.f.C.D.E.  Hopn.t.4.J.l.  Paul.  1. 122  J.  1. 
Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  58.  Price/.  55. 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Very  common.  [United  states.] 

Often  densely  caespitose,  sometimes  scattered.  Pileus  3-9  lines  broad,  some- 
times larger,  campanulate  or  conical,  often  subumbonate,  at  length  depressed, 
innato-fibrillose.  striate,  brownish-white,  ^vith  sometimes  tints  of  blue  or 
yellow  ;  gills  rather  distant,  not  so  broadly  adnate  as  in  ^4.  nJcaliiiuSy  some- 
times nearly  free,  often  pinkish  ;  stem  variable  in  length,  rigid,  smooth,  ex- 
cept at  the  base,  which  is  densely  strigose.  Inodorous,  insipid. — J/.  /.  B. 


68  AGARICINI. 

182.  Agaricus  (H/Iycena)  polygxammus.     Bull.     "  Sulcate-stem 

Mycena." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conico-campanulate,sub-umbonate, 
dry,  striate  ;  stem  rigid,  tough,  salcato-striate  throughout  its 
length,  rooting,  strigose  at  the  base,  shining ;  gills  attenuated 
behind  (free  or  uncinate),  whitish  or  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  107.  Bull.  t.  39b.  Sow.t.22'2.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1616,/.  l,t.Ud8. 
Batsch.f.  85  (young).  Linncea.  v.  1. 1  ,f.  1.  Eng.  FL  v. p.  58. 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Common.  [S.Carolina.] 

Pileus  l-l|^in.  broad,  at  first  cinereous,  umber  towards  the  margin,  glandi- 
form, pruinose,  then  livid  brown,  conico-campanulate,  submembranaceous, 
rugose,  with  innate  fibres,  margin  striate  ;  gills  rather  distant,  at  first  dirty 
white,  then  pinkish,  ventricose,  though  sometimes  almost  linear,  all  but  free, 
margin  subserrulate ;  stem  3  in.  high,  1  Kne  or  more  thick,  regularly  and 
deeply  striate,  the  interstices  fibrillose,  but  occasionally  the  striae  are  obso- 
lete, silvery,  rootiug,  fistulose,  nearly  the  colour  of  the  pileus,  but  paler, 
twisted,  brittle:  inodorous,  insipid. — M.J.B.     Spores  "00035  X  "00026 in. 

(PI.  II., Jig.  8,  reduced.) 

183.  Agairicus  (Mycena)  paxabolicus.     A.  ^^  S.     "Fir-trunk 

Mycena,"' 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  at  first  oval,  then  parabolic,  obtuse, 
discoid,  becoming  pale,  striate  half  way  ;  margin  entire,  turning 
•white  ;  stem  rigid,  even,  smooth,  colour  of  the  pileus,  base  stri- 
gose, swollen,  abruptly  rooting ;  gills  simple,  adnate,  ascending, 
nearly  distinct,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  107.  Sow.  1. 165. 

On  trunks,  especially  of  fir. 

Stem  2-8  in.  long,  1  lin.  thick,  incrassated  at  the  base,  below  becoming 
pale,  above  dull  violet,  mealy  when  young.  Pileus  obtuse,  moist,  disc  black- 
ish, verging  on  violet,  otherwise  becoming  pale  and  whitish. 

Sect.  4.     Fragilipedes — stem  fragile. 

184.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  atro-albus.     Bull,     "  Bi-coloured 

Mycena." 

Rather  finn  ;  pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  obtuse,  campanulate, 
even,  smooth,  opacjue,  brown;  whitish  and  striate  about  the  mar- 
gin ;  stem  straight,  shining,  two-coloured ;  root  swollen,  bulbous, 
hairy ;  gills  attenuated,  almost  free,  ventricose,  white. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  108.  Bolt.  t.  137.  Eng.  Ft.  v.  p.  56. 

Amongst  moss,  at  the  roots  of  trees. 

Solitary,  or  gregarious,  rather  firm  ;  pileus  obtuse  ;  stem  2-3  in.  long,  some- 
times pruinose  at  the  apex. — Fries. 


AGAEICINI.  69 

185.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  dissiliens.     Fr.     "  Splitting  Mycena." 

Very  fragile  ;  pileus  submembranaceous,  couico-campaniTlate, 
obtuse,  lineato-plicate  to  the  middle ;  stem  attenuated,  somewhat 
incurved,  minutely  striate,  cinereous,  dark  ;  base  strigose  ;  gills 
rounded,  seceding,  at  length  free,  broad,  soft,  whitish,  grey  at 
the  base. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  108.  Bolt.  t.  15-4.  Mich.  t.  7d.f.  5.  PauL 
1. 122,/  8  ? 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Strong  scented. 

Stem  2  in.  long,  strigose  at  the  base,  very  fragile,  1-2  lin.  thick,  cinereous, 
compressed,  splitting  in  revolute  flaps.  Pileus  cinereous-brown,  whitish  at 
the  margin,  sulcata  to  the  middle,  dry. 

186.  Agaricus  '^IVIycena)  alcalinus.     Fr.    "  Stump  Mycena." 

Rigid,  but  brittle,  strong  scented ;  pileus  rather  membranace- 
ous, campanulate,  obtuse,  naked,  deeply  striate,  moist,  shining 
when  dry;  stem  smooth,  slightly  sticky,  shining,  villous  at  the 
base;  gills  adnate,  rather  distant,  white,  then  glaucescent. — F'?\ 
Epicr.  p.  109.  Schcpff.  t.  31-32.  Eng.  FL  v.  p.  57.  Gard.  Chron. 
(1861),i?.  1114. 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Solitary  or  csespitose  ;  pileus  ^-2  in.  broad,,  subcarnose,  umbonate.  sub-um- 
bonate.  or  quite  obtuse,  even,  mth  or  without  imbedded  fibrillse,  at  first 
conieo-papillate,  rugose,  cinereous,  or  tinged  with  olive,  sub-striate,  when 
old  expanded  or  depressed,  but  little  changed  in  colour,  though  occasionally 
with  a  pink  or  yellow  hue  j  gills  adnate,  with  a  tooth,  distant  when  old, 
slightly  ventricose,  at  first  pale,  then  glaucous,  pinkish,  or  yellowish,  more 
or  less  connected  by  veins.  Stem  Sin.  high,  1-2  lines  thick,  fistulose,  sub- 
fibrilloso-striate.  attenuated  upwards,  downy  at  the  base,  the  down  sometimes 
tawny,  sometimes  firm  and  tenacious,  sometimes  very  brittle,  grey  above, 
yellowish  or  reddish  beneath  when  young,  but  when  old  sometimes  changing 
above  to  a  bright  vellow  ;  odour  puugent,  like  fermented  or  putrid  walnuts. 
—21.  J.  B.     Spore's  -0003  X  "0002  in. 

187.  Agaricus  (IVIycena)  pauperculus.     Berh.     ••Little-stump 

Jlycena." 

Strong  scented ;  pileus  obtusely  conical  or  hemisjDherical,  mi- 
nutely innato-fibrillose,  submembranaceous ;  stem  smooth,  root- 
ing, villous  at  the  base ;  gills  at  first  free,  then  adnexed,  white. 
— Berk.  Outl.pj.  125.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.hl . 

Inside  decayed  stumps. 

Minute,  ochraceous-white.  Pileus  1  line  broad,  fleshy,  rather  firm,  scarcely 
membranaceous,  obtusely  conic  or  hemispherical,  most  minutely  but  de- 
cidedly innato-fibrillose,  pale  ochraceous-white,  in  age  almost  tawny,  pro- 
bably stained  by  the  wood  on  which  it  grows.  When  moist  the  gills  shine 
through,  giving  a  striate  appearance,  but  not  always.    Gills  white,  adnexed 


70  AGAKICINI. 

by  reason  of  the  growth  of  the  pileus,  when  young  free.  Stem  ^-lin.  high, 
i  line  thick,  white,  curved,  rooting,  the  root  villous,  minutely  stufied,  smooth, 
even  under  a  high  magnifying  power,  powdered  at  the  top  with  the  spores, 
generally  thicker  below  ;  spores  white,  round  j  odour  farinaceous.— J/.  X^B. 

188.  Agaxicus  (IVIycena)  vitreus.    Fr.     "  Glassy  Mycena." 

Very  fragile  ;  pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  everywhere 
lineato-striate,  except  tlie  umbo  or  somewhat  fleshy  disc  ;  stem 
slender,  minutely  striate,  shining,  base  fibrillose  ;  gills  adnate, 
distinct,  linear,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  111.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.N.H. 
(1866),  7Z0. 1111. 

In  woods.     Oct.     Bryn  Tyrch,  Caernarvon. 

Pileus  livid  bi'own,  margin  naked.  Stem  2-4  in.  long,  ^lin.  thick,  minutely 
striate,  base  fibrillose,  insinuating  itself  amongst  moss,  falsely  rooting 
(pseudo-radicate) . 

189.  Agaricus  (IWEycena)  tenuis.     Bolt.     "  Slender  Mycena." 

Very  brittle;  pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  then  convex, 
obtuse,  lineato-striate,  margin  crenate,  appendiculate ;  stem  mem- 
branaceous, pellucid,  straight ;  gills  adnate,  distant,  distinct,  thin, 
watery,  whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p).  111.  Bolt.  t.  37.  Price  f.  9. 

In  shady  moist  woods.     Rare. 

Delicate,  very  fragile  and  watery.  Stem  Sin.  or  more  long,  scarcely  1  lin. 
thick  ;  hyaline  white,  or  yellowish,  at  the  base.  Pileus  about  |  in,  broad,  hy- 
aline, or  tawny  white.  Spores  -00015  X  "0001  in.— IF.  G.  S. 

190.  Agaxicus  (IVIycena)  tenellus.    Schum.    "  Delicate  Mycena." 

Csespitose.  Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  then  convex, 
obtuse,  pellucid ;  margin  striate  ;  stem  slender,  soft,  smooth;  base 
villous ;  gills  uncinate,  very  thin,  crowded,  white  or  flesh-coloured. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  111.  Ray.  Sya.  t.  l,f.  2. 

On  decayed  trees. 

Pileus  Jin.  broad,  entirely  white,  or  tinged  with  rose-colour.  Has  not  been 
found  since  the  time  of  Pay,  and  it  is  very  rare  on  the  Continent. — M.  J.  B. 

Sect.  3.     Filopedes — stem  filiform,  flaccid. 

191.  Agaxicus    (IVIycena)   iilopes.     Bull.     "  Thready-stem 

•     Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  obtuse,  campanulate,  then  expanded, 
striate  ;  stem  filifoiTQ,  flaccid,  rather  brittle,  smooth ;  base  pilose, 
rooting ;  gills  free,  lanceolate,  crowded,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  112. 
Bull.t.^20.  Hoffm.t.e.f.l.  Batsch.f.2,  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  66. 


AGAEICINI.  71 

In  woods,  amongst  leaves.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  livid,  brown,  or  umber,  tinged  with  pink,  |  in.  broad,  convex,  or 
conico-cauipanulate,  striate;  gills  free,  or  minutely  adnesed,  slightly  ventri- 
cose,  white,  or  a  dilute  shade  of  the  pileus  ;  stem  2-3  in  long,  fistulose,  juicy, 
smooth,  except  the  rooting  base,  which  is  pilose,  li\dd,  dirty  white,  or 
brownish. — J/.  /.  B. 


192.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  vitilis.     Fr.     ••  Flexile  Mycena." 


Pileus  membranaceous,  conical,  tlien  expanded,  papillate, 
moist,  deeply  striate,  becoming  pale ;  stem  filiform,  straight, 
flexile,  smooth,  without  juice,  shining,  rootmg ;  gills  attenuato- 
adnate,  rather  distant,  greyish-white. — Fr.  Ejncr.j).  113.  Sow.  t. 
385,/.  5.  BuU.t.  518,/.  0. 

Amongst  leaves. 

Stem  thin,  hollow,  3-6  in.  long,  filiform,  rooting  ;  pileus  papillate,  3-4  lin, 
broad,  striate  to  the  middle,  dry,  livid,  or  brown,  becoming  pale  or  whitish^ 
gills  Linear,  whitish,  or  grey,  edge  growing  paler. 

193.        Agaricus  (Mycena)  speireus.     Fr.     "  Opaque  Mycena." 


Pileus  membranaceous,  conico-convex,  then  plane,  unpolished, 
striate  ;  disc  darker,  at  length  depressed ;  stem  filiform,  tough, 
shining,  fibrillose,  rooting  ;  gills  plane,  then  decurrent,  distant, 
white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  113.   Berk.  Out. p.  126. 

On  mossy  trunks. 

Stem  2  in.  long,  \  lin.  thick;  pileus  2-3  fines  broad,  opaque,  greyish  brown^ 
sometimes  fibrillose  or  pruinose. 


194.  Agaricus    (Mycena)    acicula.      Schcpff.     "Orange 

Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate  or  convex,  smooth, 
orange-red  ;  margin  striate,  stem  rooting,  setaceous,  tough,  shin- 
ing ;  gills  rounded-adnexed,  ventricose,  distant,  yellow,  becoming 
whitish  at  the  edge. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  114.  Schcef.  t.  222.  Eng.  Fl. 
V.  p.  52. 

On  leaves,  twigs,  &c.,  in  woods. 

Pileus  \-'i  lines  broad,  campanulate,  generally  umbonate,  margin  striate, 
under  a  powerful  lens,  most  minutely  pilose, bright  orange,  the  umbo  darkest, 
sub-carnose,  within  deep  orange;  gills  few,  somewhat  ventricose,  adnexedor 
adnate,  with  shorter  ones  between  them,  white,  tinged  with  yellow;  stem 
about  1  in.  long,  quite  filiform,  flexuous,  nearly  equal,  minutely  pilose,  like 
the  pileus,  pale  yellow,  with  a  fine  \dt\nxi..—Eng.  Fl. 


72  AGARICINI. 

Sect.  4.     Lactipedes — gills  and  stem  milky. 

195.  Agairicus  (Hflycena)  haematopus.     Pers.     "  Bleeding 

Mycena." 

Csespitose ;  pileiis  fleshy,  campanulate,  obtuse,  smooth,  mar- 
gin denticulate;  stem  rigid,  pulverulent,  yielding  a  dark-red 
juice;  gills  adnate,  white. — Pers.  Obs.  ii.  p.  56.  B.  4'  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.186D,no.0dl. 

On  old  dead  trunks.    8ept.    Bodelwyddan.    [United  States.] 

"  Tufted  ;  pileus  moist,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  reddish,  with  a  tinge 
of  purple,  ^-1  in.  or  more  across,  striate,  very  minutely  rivulose  ;  stem  pale 
rufous,  flesh-coloured,  at  first  thickened  at  the  base,  tlien  nearly  equal,  fari- 
naceous ;  gills  distant,  adnato-gub-decurrent,  white,  edge  red;  interstices 
even;  everywhere  distilling  when  broken  a  dark-red  juice.  Far  larger  than 
any  form  of  ^.  sanc/umeole/itus  or  A.  cruentus." — B.djjjr. 


196.  Agazicus  (Mycena)    czuentus.    Ir.     "  Eed-juiced 

Mycena." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conico-campanulate,  striate,  mar- 
gin entire  ;  stem  rigid,  glabrous,  villous  at  the  base,  distilling  a 
red  juice;  gills  adnate,  whitish. — Fr.  Si/s.  Myc.  i.  jt?.  149.  B.  ^ 
Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  992. 

On  fir  cones.     Bodelwyddan,  Flintshire. 

"Pileus  conic,  obtuse,  striate,  margin  inflexed,  entire  ;  substance  at  first 
rather  thick  in  proportion;  stem  rigid,  smooth,  full  of  red  juice,  strigose  at 
the  base  ;  gills  obtuse  in  front,  shortly  adnate,  white;  margin  of  the  same 
colour." — B.  d'  Br. 


197.  Agaxicus    (Mycena)    sanguineolentus.      A.  ^' S. 

"  Stinking  Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate  or  convex,  striate;  stem 
flaccid,  smooth,  yielding  a  red  juice  ;  gills  adfixed,  reddish,  with 
a  dark  purplish  edge. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  115.  Bull.  t.  518,  /.  P. 
(right).  Eng.  El.  v.  p.  59. 

Amongst  leaves  in  woods.     Sept.     Oct. 

Solitary  or  gregarious  ;  pileus  1-2  lines  broad,  obtuse,  margin  striate, 
brownish  purple,  resembling  that  of  the  crust  of  port  wine  ;  gills  paler,  ad- 
nate, with  a  tooth,  margin  purple;  stem  straight,  smooth,  sometimes  at- 
tenuate, upwards  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus,  darker  below,  fistulose, 
replete  with  pellucid  juice  of  the  same  colour ;  when  growing  on  fir  cones 
strigose  at  the  base ;  odour  strong. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  large,  irregular,  ap- 
proaching in  shape  some  Hyporhodii  '00034  X  '0002  in. 


AGAEICmi.  73 

198.  Agazicus  (Mycena)  crocatus.     Schrad.     "The  Stainer."' 

PileiTS  siib-membranaceous,  campanulate,  sub-striate ;  stem 
tall,  attenuated,  with  a  villous,  rooting  base,  yielding  a  copious 
saffron-coloured  juice ;  gills  attenuated  behind,  adnexed,  ventri- 
cose,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  115.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1550,/.  1, 2024:,/.  1. 
Knapp.  Journ.  Nat.  t.  7.    Ann.  N.H.  no.  672. 

Amongst  leaves. 

Stem  3-5  in.  long,  about  1  lin.  thick  ;  pileus  |-1  in.  broad,  olive,  greyish, 
or  whitish,  margin  quite  smooth. 

199.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  chelidonius.    Fr.    •' Celandine  Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  then  convex,  obtuse, 
nearly  even  ;  stem  even,  smooth,  rooting,  compressed,  with  a 
yellow  juice  ;  gills  adnate,  whitish,  then  yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr. 
7?.  115.  >S'ow.  ^.  385,/.  4. 

On  stumps  of  beech. 

Only  found  by  Sowerby.  Stem  l|-2  in.  long,  about  1  lin.  thict,  smooth, 
yellowish,  ^vith  a  sparing  yellow  juice,  rooting;  base  villous;  pileus  \-\  in. 
broad,  pellucidly  striate  when  moist,  even  and  opaque  when  dry,  yellowish, 
tinged  with  flesh  colour. 

200.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  galopus.     Schrad.     "White  milky 

Mycena."' 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  rather  umbonate,  striate; 
stem  slender,  fibrillose,  and  rooting  base,  filled  with  white  milk  ; 
gills  attenuated,  adnexed,  white,  then  glaucous. — Fi\  Epicr.  p. 
115.  Berk.Outl.t.6,f.2.  FL  Dan.  1. 1660,  f.  2.  Batt.t.28.  Q. 
Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  6S. 

Amongst  leaves,  under  trees.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  g-1  in.  broad,  campanulate,  or  convex,  ochraceous,  the  centre  black- 
ish, pellucid,  striate;  gills  white,  arcuato-adnate,  or  even  decurrent ;  stem 
2-3  in.  high,  about  1  line  thick,  pale  umber,  base  somewhat  rooting,  fibril- 
loso-tomentose,  or  even  strigose,  fistulose,  not  brittle  ;  milk  mild,  taste  like 
that  of  radishes  ;  variable,  but  known  by  its  white  milk. — J/.  /.  B. 

Sect  5.      Glutinipedes — stem  viscid,  not  milky. 

201.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  epipterygius.     Scop.     "  Yellow-stem 

Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  rather 
obtuse,  striate,  cuticle  viscid,  separable  ;  stem  elongated,  tough 
rooting,  smooth,  viscid,  yellowish  ;  gills  adnate,  with  a  decurrent 
tooth,  variable  in  colour. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  116.  Sow.  t.  92.  Fl.Dan. 
t.  2078,/.  2.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.e2.  ScJicef.  t.  31. 

E 


74  AGAEICINI, 

Amongst  fern  leaves  in  woods.     Aug. — Nov.     Common. 

[United  States.] 

Pileus  lin.  or  more  broad  and  high,  obtuse,  sometimes  umbilicate,  cine- 
reous yellow,  occasionally  white,  bluish  or  rufous,  sub-membranaceous,  mar- 
gin striate  and  toothed,  cuticle  viscid,  when  moist  easily  tearing  off  ^  gills 
arcuato-adnate,  sub-decurrent,  partaking  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus.  Stem 
3-4  in.  high,  about  1  line  thick,  full  yellow,  viscid,  smooth,  tomentose  at  the 
base. — M.J.B, 

202.  Agaxicus  (Mycena)  pelliculosus.     Fr.     ''Pelliculose 

Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  camjDanulate,  then  convex,  obtuse, 
lineato-striate,  cuticle  viscid,  separable  ;  stem  short,  smooth, 
viscid,  livid  ;  gills  distant,  glaucescent,  joined  behind  and  slightly 
decurrent. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  116.    B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  788,  no. 

mo*. 

On  heaths,  on  the  ground.     Hanham. 

Pileus  |-1  in.,  grey.  Stem  rather  thickened  above,  short,  viscid,  livid,  or 
brownish  j  remarkable  amongst  its  allies  for  the  viscid  separable  cuticle. 

203.  Agazicus  (IVIycena)  vulgaris.    P.     "  Common  Mycena." 

Pileus  somewhat  membranaceous,  convex,  then  dejoressed,  pa- 
pillate, viscid ;  stem  tough,  fibrillose  at  the  base,  rooting,  cine- 
reous :  gills  sub-decurrent,  thin,  white. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  116.  Fl. 
Dan.l^l^,f.2.  Berk.  Ontl.t  6,  f.4..  Mag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.no.  4:6. 
Pers.  Ic.  Pict.  1. 19,/.  3.   Berk.  exs.  no.  133. 

On  jjlantations,  especially  of  larch.     Oct.      [United  States.] 

Gregarious.  Stem  1-2  in.  long,  about  1  lin.  thick,  greyish,  rooting  at  the 
base,  and  whitish  strigose.  Pileus  3  lin.  and  more  broad,  slightly  viscid,  grey 
or  tawny, 

204.  Agazicus  (Mycena)  citrinellus.    P.     "Lemon-coloured 

Mycena." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  hemispherical,  then  plane,  umbonate, 
striate,  viscid,  as  well  as  the  stem,  which  is  villous  at  the  base 
and  lemon-coloured  ;  gills  uncinate,  white. — Fr.  Ep.p.  116.  Pers. 
Ic.  Desc.  1. 11,  f.  3.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1614,/.  1.  Batsch.f.  88. 

In  fir  woods,  &c. 

Small,  delicate,  becoming  pale.  Pileus  2-3  lin.  broad,  scarcely  viscid, 
lemon -coloured,  -with  the  disc  darker.  Gills  distant.  Spores  '00038  X 
•00028  in. 


AGAEICIXI.  75 

205.        Agaricus  (Myceua)  zoiidus.     Fr.    '•  Dripping  Mycena." 

Very  delicate ;  pileus  very  thin,  convex,  sub-umbilicate,  sul- 
cate,  dry  ;  stem  tliread-like,  very  glutinous  ;  gills  decurrent,  dis- 
tant, white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  117.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  30*. 

On  dead  bramble-twigs,  &c. 

Pileus  J  in.  broad,  or  more,  dirty  ochraceous,  at  length  nmbilicate,  and 
slightly  depressed,  striate  or  plicate,  often  rugose,  very  minutely  scabrous 
under  a  high  magnifier.  Gills  white,  strongly  decurrent,  broad,  their  edge 
powdery  ;  stem  1\  in.  or  more  high,  very  slender,  fistulose,  at  first  tinged  with 
violet  above,  at  length  dirty  ochre,  pulverulent  within  the  pileus,  below 
clothed  with  abundant  white  pellucid  gluten,  which  almost  drips  from  it ; 
sometimes  the  whole  plant  is  nearly  white. — M.  J.  B. 


Sect.  6.     Basipedes — stem  dry,  dilated  at  the  base  into  a 

little  disc. 

206.     Agaricus  (Mycena)  stylobates.     P.    •' Discoid  Mycena." 

Pilens  membranaceous,  campanulate,  obtuse,  striate,  sub-pi- 
lose ;  stem  filiform,  smooth  ;  base  orbicular,  plane,  yillous,  striate  ; 
gills  free,  distinct,  ventricose. — Fr.Epicr.p.  117.  BerJc.  Outl.  t, 
6,/.  5.  Fers.  Syn.  t.  5,/.  4.  Sturm,  t.  29.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2025,/.  3. 
Eng.  FL  \.p.  61. 

On  fern,  twigs,  &c.     Aug.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pure  white.  Pileus  2  lines  or  more  broad,  campanulate  or  hemispherical, 
sometimes  broadly  and  obtusely  umbouate,  striate,  with  a  round  mark  in 
the  centre  caused  by  the  insertion  of  the  stem,  minutely  pilose,  not  granu- 
lose  ;  gills  unequal,  rounded,  free.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  +  line  thick,  rather 
thicker  at  the  base,  flexuous,  fistulose,  downy  or  minutely  pilose,  though 
sometimes,  as  the  pileus  becomes  quite  smooth,  fragile,  adhering  by  abroad 
membranous,  tomentose,  radiato -striate  disc. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  '0001  X 
•00005  in. 


207.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  tenerzimus.    Berli.    "Delicate 

Mycena." 

White,  yery  delicate  ;  pileus  conyex,  pruinose  ;  stem  jDilose, 
adhering  by  a  minute  pubescent  disc ;  gills  free,  yentricose. — 
Berk.  Outl.  t.  6,/.  6.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p,  61. 

On  fir-cones,  sticks,  &c. 

Gregarious,  pure  white.  Pileus  1-lHines  broad,  very  delicate,  tender,  and 
easily  injured,  not  pilose,  but  frosted  with  minute  granules;  gills  distant, 
unequal.  Stem  lin.  high,  scarce  |line  thick,  flexuous,  fistulose,  adhering  by 
a  minute  pubescent  disc,  which  is  not  the  least  striate  :  spores  white,  round. 
—M.J.B. 

E  2 


76  AGARICINI. 

208.  Agaricus   (Mycena)   pterigenus.     Fr,     "  Fern-siem 

Mycena.'' 

Very  delicate,  rose-coloured  ;  pileus  campanulate,  obtuse, 
nearly  even  ;  stem  flexuose,  thread-like,  smooth  ;  base  swollen 
into  a  little  bulb,  which  is  radiato-strigose  ;  gills  adnate,  broad, 
distant,  entire. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  11^.  Pers.  M.E.t.2S,f.  6.  Berk. 
Outl.  t.  6,f.  7.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  63.  Mag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.  no.  47.  Berk, 
exs.  no.  134. 

On  dead  fern  stems.     Rare. 

This  species  varies  in  different  individuals  from  bright  orange-red  to  rose- 
colour,  occasionally  the  upper  part  of  the  stem  is  brown  ;  the  gills  are  orna- 
mented with  a  bright  orange  margin  ;  the  pileus  in  the  young  state  is  oblong, 
oval,  obtuse,  minutely  furfuraceous  at  the  apes,  marked  with  darker,  slightly 
anastomosing  veins,  which  at  length,  in  consequence  of  the  quicker  growth 
of  the  subjacent  stratum,  and  the  collection  of  the  veins  themselves  into 
bundles  radiating  from  the  centre,  form  strise  on  the  pileus.  The  stem  under 
a  high  magnifier  is  often  streaked  with  veins  like  the  pileus. — M.J.  B.  A 
variety  on  oak  leaves  is  described  in  "  Eng.  Fl." 

Sect.  7.    InsititicB — stem  slender,  dry,  growing  on  other  plants, 
without  root ;  gills  adnate,  with  decurrent  tooth. 

209.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  corticola.     Sclium.     "  Bark  Mycena." 

Pileus  thin,  hemispherical,  at  length  obsoletely  umbilicate, 
sulcato-striate  ;  stem  slender,  short,  incurred,  furfuraceous;  gills 
broadly  adnate,  uncinate,  broad,  rather  ovate,  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  118.  Mich.  t.  74:,/.  8.  Bull.  t.  519,/.  1.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  62.  Schn, 
Sturm  t.  2.  Sow.  t.  243. 

Amongst  moss  on  bark.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Gregarious.  Pileus  1-3  lines  broad,  hemispherical,  in  general  obtuse,  but 
sometimes  slightly  papillose,  rarely  umbilicate,  umber,  white,  cinereous, 
lilac,  flesh-coloured,  rufous,  bluish,  &c.,  flesh  rather  thick  in  proportion ; 
gills  variously  adnato-uncinate  or  sub-decurrent,  partaking  more  or  less  of 
the  colour  of  the  pileus  ;  stem  |-1  in.  high,  incurved,  minutely  pulverulent, 
stufi'ed,  and  not  truly  fistulose,  minutely  strigose,  or  tomentose  at  the  base. 
The  whole  plant  dries  up  in  drv  weather,  but  revives  with  the  first  shower. 
-  M.  J.  B.     Spores  -0003  X  'OOOIS  in.—  W.  G.  S. 

210.  Agaricus  (Mycena)  hiemalis.     OshecJi.     "  Winter  Mycena." 

Pileus  thin,  campanulate,  obsoletely  umbonate,  margin  striate ; 
stem  slender,  ascending,  downy  below  ;  gills  adnate,  linear,  whit- 
ish.—J'r.  Epicr.  p.  119.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.,  1865,  no.  993. 
Bull.  ^.  519,/.  i.  a. 


AGAEICINI.  77 

On  trunks  of  trees.  Nov.  Apethorpe.  North  Badminston, 
Gloucestershire. 

A  more  delicate  species  than  A.  corticola  ;  stem  longer,  colour  constantly 
paler,  -wiiitish,  pinkish-red,  &c. 

211.  Aga.zicus  (Mycena)  setosus,     Sorv.     '•  Setose  Mycena." 

Pileus  yerj  delicate,  hemispherical,  obtuse,  smooth;  stem 
thread-like,  covered  with  spreading  hairs  ;  gills  distant,  white. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  119.  Sow.  t.  302.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  64. 

On  dead  leaves  in  woods. 

Pilens  notygin.  broad  ;  stem  |  in.  long,  finer  than  a  hair,  closely  allied  to 
Ag.  cajnllaris,  from  which  it  is  distinguishable  by  the  spreading  hairs  of  the 
stem. 

212.  Agaricus  (IVIycena)  capillaris.     Schum.     "  Capillary 

Mycena."' 

Very  delicate,  white  ;  pileus  campanulate,  at  length  umbili- 
cate,  smooth :  stem  thread-like,  smooth  ;  gills  adnate,  ascending, 
rather  distant.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  119.  FL  Dan.  t.  1G70,  i.  2U2,f.  1. 
Bull.  t.  601,/.  2  C.  Hopa.  t.  5,/.  2.  Eng.  FL  x.p.  64.  Mich.  t.  80, 
/.  10-11. 

On  dead  leaves,  in  woods. 

Pileus  4-1  line  broad,  at  first  conic,  like  the  head  of  a  very  small  pin,  grey. 
the  margin  rounded,  the  stem  dark  above,  and  minutely  pulverulent,  gradu- 
ally the  stem  elongates  extremely,  becoming  much  finer,  the  pileus  hemis- 
pherical, delicate,  white,  with  a  dimple  in  the  centre;  gills  very  few,  two  or 
three  only,  in  general  reaching  the  stem,  in  specimens  1  line  broad,  regu- 
larly ascending  about  9,  adnate,  with  two  or  three  intermediate  ones  ;  stem 
flaccid,  extremely  slender,  very  minutely  dilated  at  the  base. —J/./. -B.  Spores 
very  minute,  oval,  "000018  in.  long. 

213.  Agazicus  (Mycena)  juncicola.     I^r.     '•  Rush  Mycena." 

Very  delicate  ;  pileus  convex,  striate,  smooth,  rufescent  ;  stem 
thread-like,  smooth,  brownish ;  gills  adnate,  distant,  white. — 
Fr.Ejncr.p.l9.  3Iich.t.  80,  f.  9.  Paid.  t.  10b.  f.  U.  BulL  t. 
148,/.  Z).  Eng.FLx.p.Qo. 

On  dead  rushes,  in  bogs.     June.     July.     Rare. 

Pileus  1  line  broad,  of  a  deep  blood  red,  inclining  to  tawny,  sometimes 
minutely  umbonate,  at  length  depressed,  distinctly  and  broadly  striate  ;  stem 
1  in.  high,  brown,  paler  above,  smooth  ;  gills  few,  yellowish  white,  at  length 
detached,  so  as  to  form  a  collar  round  the  stem. 

Sub-Gen.  9.      Omphalia.     Fr.   Epicr.  p.  119. 

Pileus  generally  from  the  first  umbilicate,  afterwards  funnel- 
shaped,  almost  always  membranaceous  or  sub-membranaceous 


78  AGARICINI. 

and  tiTgroplianous,  margin  incurved  or  straight  ;  stem  cartilagi- 
nous and  tubular,  when  young  often  stuffed,  confluent  with  the 
hymenophore,  but  heterogeneous  from  it  ;  gills  truly  and  con- 
siderably decurrent. 

Hab.  Generally  epiphytal,  and  mostly  peculiar  to  hilly  regions, 
preferring  a  damp,  woody  situation,  and  a  rainy  climate. — PL  II. 

The  species,  tlioug-li  small,  are  many  o?  tbem  beautiful ;  their  properties 
are  not  known,  and  they  endure  changes  of  temperature  like  the  hygro- 
phanous  species  of  Clitocyhe.  Ouiphalla  is  naturally  divided  into  two  groups 
— one,  Collybarice,  approaching  Colli/bia,  and  the  other,  Mi/ceuarice,  Mycena. 

A.     CoUyhaiHcB. 
Sect.  1.     Pyxidatce — jDileus  depressed. 

214.  Agazicus  (Omphalia)  pyxidatus.     Bull.     ''Variable 

Omphalia." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  umbilicate,  then  funnel-shaped, 
smooth,  hygrophanous ;  margin  striate  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hol- 
low, even  ;  gills  decurrent,  rather  distant,  narrow,  reddish  grey. 
—Fr.  Ejncr.j).  122.  Bull.  t.  568,/.  2.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  144.  Berk. 
Outl.  t.  6,f.  8.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  65-30*.  Soiv.  ^.210.  Berk.  exs.  no. 
14. 

Amongst  short  grass,  on  lawns,  &c.     Nov. 

Pileas  smooth ;  disc  sub-membranaceous  ;  gills  decurrent,  rather  distant, 
narrower  than  in  any  neighbouring  species,  dirty  white,  with  a  rufescent 
tinge,  then  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus  ;  stem  when  young  stuffed,  then 
hollow,  thickened  at  the  base,  and  there  clothed  with  whitish  down,  sub- 
attenuated  upwards. — Fries.  Variable  in  size  and  colour,  flesh-coloured,  brick 
red,  dirty  tawny,  rufous,  &c. 

215.  Agazicus  (Omphalia)  hepaticus.     Batsch.     "  Liver- 

coloured  Omphalia." 

Tough,  rigid  ;  pileus  smooth,  rather  shining,  even  ;  stem  at 
length  compressed,  flesh-coloured,  inclined  to  rufous;  gills  dis- 
tant, connected  by  veins,  and  forked,  rather  thick,  pallid. — Fr. 
Epicr.  20.  122.  Batsch. f.211.  Berk.  Outl. p, 131. 

On  lawns. 

Stem  about  1  in.  long,  1  lin.  thick,  flesh  colour,  inclining  to  brown,  naked, 
rarely  pruinose ;  pileus  becoming  funnel-shaped,  ^-1|  in.  broad,  even,  red 
brown  when  moist,  tawny  or  tan-coloured  when  dry. 


AGAElCI^'l.  79 

216.  Agazicus  (Omphalia)  affricatus.    Fr.     "Hairy  Bog 

Omphalia." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  umbilicate,  then  infunclibuli- 
form,  obscurely  yariegated  witli  hair-like  squamules  ;  stem,  fistu- 
lose,  glabrous,  cinereous ;  gills  decurrent,  rather  distant,  broadest 
in  the  middle,  greyish  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  123.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann. 
N.R.  1866,  no.  994.. 

On  Sphagnum.     Aug,     Aboyne,  Aberdeenshire. 

"  Pileus  f  in.  across,  infundibuliform  or  deeply  umbilicate,  hygroptanous, 
brown,  then  mouse-coloui'ed,  minutely  virgate;  stem  compressed,  tomentose 
at  the  base  ;  gills  distinct,  distant,  ending  abruptly,  decurrent." — B.  cL*  Br. 

217.  Agazicus  (Omphalia)  sphagnicola.     Berk.     "Bog-moss 

Omphalia." 

Tough ;  pileus  infundibulifoiTQ,  sub-carnose,  minutely  squamu- 
lose,  moist ;  stem  fistulose ;  gills  narrow,  dirty-ochraceous. — 
Berh.  Outl.p.  131.  Eng.  Fl.  v.p,  67. 

On  Sphagnum.     June. 

Whole  plant  tough  and  elastic  ;  odour  scarcely  any;  pileus  1-1|-  in. broad, 
funnel-shaped  from  a  very  early  stage  of  growth,  faintly  striate,  and  minutely 
squamulose,  dirty  ochraceous,  becoming  darker  in  age,  moist,  but  not  viscid; 
gills  pale,  decurrent,  narrow,  moderately  distant,  thick,  so  as  to  present  in 
front  a  flat  edge  ;  s'em  1-2  in.  long,  1  line  thick,  hollow,  somewhat  cracked, 
smooth,  except  at  first,  when  it  is  very  minutely  squamulose  above  j  in  age  it 
is  nearly  pervious  above.— J/.  /.  B,     Spores  '00025  X  "00017  in. 

218.  Agazicus  (Omphalia)  oniscus.    Fr.     "  Bolton's  Omphalia." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  convex,  then  plane  or  depressed, 
remotely  radiato-striate,  smooth,  hygrophanous;  stem  sub-fistu- 
lose,  fiiTQ,  equal ;  gills  adnate,  decurrent,  straight,  somewhat  dis- 
tant, livid,  or  whitish,  as  well  as  thestem. — Fr.Epicr.p.  123.  Bolt, 
^41,/.  C.c. 

In  swamps. 

Stem  rather  firm,  about  an  inch  long,  and  a  line  thick,  straight  or  curved, 
grey.  Pileus  flaccid,  irregular,  scarcely  1  in.  broad,  smooth,  dark  cinereous, 
paler  when  dry.    Spores  "00025  X  "00022  in. 

Sect.  2.     Umhelliferce — parasol-like. 

219.  Agazicus  (Om.phalia)  muzalis.     Soiv.     ••Wall  Omphalia." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  umbilicate, radiato-striate,  smooth, 
margin  crenulate  ;  stem  somewhat  stuffed,  short,  tough,  brownish 
rufous  ;  gills  decurrent,  distant,  paler. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  124.  Sow. 
t.322.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.66. 


80  AGARICINI. 

On  old  walls,  banks,  &c.,  amongst  moss.         [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  at  length  funnel-shaped,  J-lin.  broad,  convex,  reddish  brown  ;  gills 
broad,  pale,  whitish-brown,  distant,  decurrent ;  stem  ^-^  in.  high,  thickish, 
usually  sub-incurved,  pale-brown,  solid. — Grev. 

220.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  unxbellifezus.     L.     "  Common 

Omphalia." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  convexo-plane,  ob- 
conic,  brittle,  radiato-striate,  when  dry  becoming  pallid,  eren, 
silky  ;  margin  at  first  inflexed,  crenate  ;  stem  sub-fistulose,  equal, 
base  downy ;  gills  decurrent,  very  distant,  broad  behind. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  125.  Heel.  Obs.  t.  3.  Holms,  ii.  t.  34.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1015, 
t.  1672,/.  1.  Buxb.  ii.  t.  50,/.  4.  Fng.  Fl.  Y.p.  65.  Bet^k.  Ann. 
N.H.no.267. 

In  swamps,  exposed  pastures,  &c.     Common.     [Cincinnati.] 

Subgregarious.  Pileus  |-1  in.  broad,  depressed  in  the  centre,  margin  de- 
flexed,  and  sometimes  waved,  striate,  whitish,  whitish-brown,  or  yellow, 
darker  when  moist;  gills  broad  towards  the  stem,  whitish,  decurrent;  stem 
■|-1  in.  high,  about  1  line  thick,  whitish  or  yellowish,  paler  below,  and  pubes- 
cent.—Cr're^-.     Spores  -0001  X  '00012  in. 

221.  Agaxicus  (Omphalia)  rufulus.     B.  <^-  Br.     "  Pieddish 

Omphalia." 

Pileus  umbilicate, reddish-grey,  growing  pale,  somewhat  mealy ; 
stem  of  the  same  colour,  shining  ;  gills  decurrent,  rather  thick, 
forked,  flesh-coloured. — Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  Oct.  1848,  j-j.  260,  no.  325. 
Berk.  Outl.p.  132. 

On  an  exposed  common,  amongst  Polytrichum.  Hanham, 
near  Bristol. 

Pileus  i  in.  across,  at  first  convex,  soon  expanded,  and  umbilicate,  sub- 
carnose,  reddish  grey  or  buff,  at  length  pale,  minutely  mealy,  margin  crenu- 
late ;  stem  \  in.  high,  1  line  thick,  flexuous,  same  colour  as  the  pileus,  smooth, 
shining,  solid ;  gills  decurrent,  rather  thick,  flesh-coloured,  especially  towards 
the  margin,  forked,  rather  distant,  interstices  veiny  ;  spores  oblong,  oblique, 
with  somewhat  the  aspect  of  A.  laccatus. — M.  J.  B. 

222.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  stellatus.     Sow.    "Stellate 

Omphalia," 

White.  Pileus  membranaceous,  convex,  umbilicate,  smooth, 
silky,  diaphanous ;  stem  somewhat  stuffed,  equal,  fragile,  base  floc- 
coso-radiate  ;  gills  decurrent,  thin,  broad,very  distant. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.l2Q.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.64..  Soiv.t.  107.  Ann.N.H.no.268. 

On  sticks,  decayed  herbaceous  stems,  &c.     Oct. 

Gregarious.  Pileus  4  lines  broad,  striated;  gills  thin;  stem  scarcely  1  in. 
high,  stuffed,  incurved,  hvittle.— Fries. 


AGAEICINI.  81 

B.     Mycenarice. 
Sect.  3.     At  first  campanulate,  margin  straight. 

223.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  campanella.     Batsch.     "Tawny 

Omplialia." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  convex,  umbilicate,  striate,  hygropha- 
nous;  stem  fistiilose,  attenuatedbelow,  clothed  witli  tawny,  spongy 
down ;  gills  decurrent,  arcuate,  connected  by  veins,  yellow. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.1'26.   2)fees.f.ldl.  Schceff.t.  230.  Enr/.Fl.\.p.66. 

In  fir  woods,  [United  States.] 

Often  csespitose.  Pileus  ferruginous-yellow,  3-7  lines  broad,  tough  ;  gills 
connected  by  veins ;  stem  2  in.  long,  rooting  from  below. — Fries. 

var.  p.  badipus.  Solitary  or  sub-c£espitose  ;  stem  stuffed, 
thickened  at  the  base,  clothed  with  ferruginous  down. — Eng.  Fl. 
v.j9.  66.  A.caulicinalis.  Sow.  1. 1^3. 

Amongst  leaves,  &c.     Oct. 

Pileus  3-11  lines  across,  broadly  campanulate,  umbilicate,  sometimes  quite 
plane,  of  a  beautiful  yellow,  inclining  to  ferruginous,  edge  slightly  silky; 
gills  yellow,  arcuato,  sub-decurrent,  beautifully  connected  by  veins  ,-  stem 
1-2  in.  high,  |-1  line  thick,  scarcely  fistulose,  yellow  above,  then  rufescent, 
clothed  with  little  yellow  scales,  thickest  below,  and  there  covered  with  a 
dense  tawny  tomentum. — M.  J.  B. 

224.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  camptophyllus.     Berk.     "Ber- 

keley's Omphalia.'" 

Pileus  convexo-plane,  deeply  striate  ;  stem  minutely  pubescent, 
radiato-strigose  at  the  base,  minutely  fistulose ;  gills  white,  as- 
cending, then  suddenly  decurrent. — Berk.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  62.  Outl. 
p.  133. 

On  sticks,  &c.     Eare.     Margate. 

Solitary  or  sub-gregarious.  Pileus  |  in.  broad,  dry,  convex,  obtuse,  sub- 
hemispherical,  smooth,  brown,  with  a  grey  margin,  gills  rather  distant,  at 
first  adnate,  nearly  plane,  then  ascending  and  suddenly  decurrent.  Stem  2  in. 
or  more  high,  not  aline  thick,  sub-flexuous,  somewhat  rigid,  minutely  fistu- 
lose, with  a  few  white  fibres,  under  a  lens  minutely  but  beautifully  pubescent; 
base  radiato-strigose,  at  first  yellow,  when  full-grown  pale  above,  pale  rufes- 
cent below. — J/.  /.  B.  ^ 

225.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  griseus.     Fr.     "  Grey  Omphalia." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  campanulate,  then  convex,  smooth, 
striate,  hygrophanous ;  stem  fistulose,  rather  firm,  smooth,  self- 
coloured;  gills  slightly  decurrent,  arcuate,  rather  thick,  sub-dis- 
tant, whitish-grey. — Fr.Epicr.p.  127.   Ann.  N.H.no.  141. 

In  pine  woods. 

E  5 


82  AGARICINI. 

Stem  3  in.  long,  1  lin.  fhick,  slightly  thickened  above,  straight,  smooth, 
whitish,  cinereous.  Pileus  ^  in.  broad,  striate,  hygrophanous,  livid  grey,  be- 
coming hoary. 

226.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  helvelloides.     Bull.    "  Delicate 

Omphalia." 

Pileus  obconic,  umbonate,  at  length  depressed,  somewhat  fun- 
nel-shaped, remotely  radiato-sulcate  ;  stem  elongated;  gills  thick, 
forked,  decurrent,  broad  in  front. — Bull.  t.  601,/.  3.  Berk.  Outl. 
p. 1^2.  Ann.  N.H.J  no.  ^24:. 

On  the  ground.     Oct. 
Far  more  graceful  and  delicate  than  any  form  of  A.  umhelliferus. 

227.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  fibula.     Bull.     '' Button  Omphalia." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  turbinate,  expanded,  then  somewhat 
umbilicate,  striate,  becoming  pale,  dry,  eren  ;  stem  slender,  nearly 
orange  colour,  as  well  as  the  pileus  ;  gills  strongly  decurrent,  dis- 
tinct, paler. — F7\  Epicr.p.  127.  Bull.  t.  186,  t.  550,/.  1.  Sow.  t. 
45.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1071,/.  2.  var.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  65. 

Amongst  moss.     Sept. — May.    Common.     [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-6  lines  broad,  at  first  hemispherical ;  margin  inflexed,  then  plane, 
more  or  less  depressed.yellow  or  tawny,  with  a  dusky  centre, obscurely  striated, 
the  whole  minutely  pilose  ;  gills  yellowish  or  white,  distinct,  not  ventricose, 
decurrent  ;  stem  l-l^in.  high,  not  a  line  thick,  slender,  yellow  or  tawny, 
with  a  violet-brown  apex,  the  whole  minutely  pilose,  like  the  pileus,  and  ob- 
soletely  fibrillose.— J/.  /.  B.     Spores  -00013  X  -QOOOS  in.—  W.  G  S. 

[PI.  II.,  Jig.  9,  nat.  size.'\ 

228.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  gracillim.us.     Weiiim.     "  Delicate 

Omphalia." 

Snow-white;  pileus  membranaceous,  hemispherical,  sub-floccu- 
lose,  sulcate ;  stem  filiform,  slender,  floccose  at  the  base ;  gills 
decurrent,  thin,  alternately  sub-dimidiate. ^ — Weinm.p). 121,  Fr. 
Fp.p.l28.  B.^'Br.  Ann.  N.H.  {l^QQ),  no.  1112. 

In  marshy  ground,  on  decaying  stems  of  vegetables.  Aug. 
King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  sometimes  depressed,  sometimes  papillate,  2-3  lines  broad ;  stem 
3-6  lines  long.  • 

229.  Agaricus  (Omphalia)  belliae.  Johnst.  "  Cup-like  Omphalia." 

Pileus  dry,  membranaceous,  cup-shaped,  of  a  pale  wood-colour  ; 
stem  thin,  fistulose,  cartilaginous,  pale  above,  brownish  below, 
adhering  by  a  floccose  base  ;  gills  thick,  paler  than  the  pileus, 
decurrent,  interstices  veiny. — Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  i,  vol.  vi.,  1. 10, 
/.  1.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  134. 


Series  2.     HYPOSIHOBII. — Spores  Pink. 
*   Hymenopliore   distinct   from   the   fleshy   Stem. 


PI. 


111. 


lO.VOLVT^RI  A  .  til  .CHHMaEOTTT.I 

o 


IZ.PLUTGUS. 


**  Hymenophore  confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  fleshy  Stem. 


14. C  LITO  PI  LU  5. 


13.  GNTOLOM  A. 


(I5.CLKUD0  PUS.) 


**»  Hymenophore  confluent  with,  hut  heterogeneous  from  the  cartilaginous  Stem. 


AGAEICIKl.  83 

On  dead  stems  of  reed.     Oct.     Berwicksliire. 

Pileas  membranaceous,  inverted,  deeply  cyattiiform,  |-in.  broad,  smooth, 
■waved  and  furrowed  at  the  edges,  of  a  wood-brown  hue,  becoming  paler  when 
dry  ;  gills  adnato-decurrent,  at  least  in  the  inverted  pileus,  1  line  broad, 
rather  distant,  thick,  more  or  less  undulated,  wrinkled  on  the  sides  and  in 
the  interstices  with  flexuous  veins,  once  or  twice  divided  near  the  edge,  of  a 
dull  chalky  white.  Spores  oblong,  colourless,  pellucid.  Stem  1|  in.  high, 
about  1  line  thick,  fistulose,  erect,  stiff,  and  elastic,  smooth,  white,  or  very 
pale  wood-brown  above,  towards  the  base  of  a  dirty  dark  brown,  becoming 
paler  when  dry.  then  apparently  mealy  ;  root  slightly  incrassated,  bent,  fixed 
by  a  dense  cottony  web. — M.  /.  B. 

230.         Agaricus  (Omphalia)  integxellus.     P.     '-Little-white 

Omphalia." 

White,  fragile ;  j^ileus  membranaceous,  liemisplierical,  then 

expanded,  pellucid;  striate;  stem  very  slender,  short,  pubescent 

below  ;  gills  decurrent,  distant,  slightly  branched,  edge  acute. — 

Fr.  Epicr.  p.  128.    Pers.  Ic.  ^'  Des.  t.  13,  /.  5.    Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  64. 

Ann.  N.H.  no.  142.  Ray.  Syn.  t.  i.,/.  2,  a.  a. 

On  decayed  sticks.     Rare. 

Csespitose.  Pileus  2-3  lines  broad,  at  first  hemispherical,  obtuse,  at  length 
rather  plane,  substance  thin,  pellucid.  Gills  narrow,  arcuate,  decurrent.  not- 
withstanding the  form  of  the  pileus,  some  branched,  especially  in  younger 
specimens,  with  but  few  short  ones.  Stem  1  in.  high,  fistulose,  sub-pulveru- 
lent, villous  at  the  base. — Pers. 


Series  2.    Hyporhodii,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  138. — Spores  pink  or 

salmon-colour. 

There  is  not  one  quarter  so  many  Agarics  bearing  pink  or  salmon-coloured 
as  white  spores.  The  size  of  the  spores  varies  greatly.  A  few  are  very  small, 
others  equally  large  (see  Plate),  whilst  the  majority  are  remarkably  irregular, 
resembling  the  fragments  of  granite  seen  in  the  roads.  Some  of  the  species 
are  edible,  as  in  Clitopilus  (analogous  with  the  white-spored  edible  species  of 
Clitoci/heJ,  whilst  others  are  poisonous,  as  in  Eidohnnrx,  reminding  us  of  such 
dangerous  species  of  Tricholoma  as  A.  sulfareuSi  Bull,  etc. —  W.  G.  S. 

Suh-Gen.  10.     Volyaria,  Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  277. 

Spores  regular  in  shape,  OYal  or  pip-shaped,  pink  or  salmon- 
colour  ;  Yeil  universal,  forming  a  perfect  Yolva  (c),  distinct  from 
the  cuticle  of  pileus  (a)  ;  stem  distinct  from  the  hymenophore ; 
gills  free,  rounded  behind,  at  first  white,  then  jDink,  soft,  liquescent. 

Hab.  Gardens  and  hot  houses,  and  in  woods  and  on  manured 
ground,  growing  on  rotten  wood  and  damp  ground ;  one  species 
is  parasitic  on  Agaricus  nehularis. — (Plate  III. ^  Jig.  10.) 


84  AGARICINI. 

The  species  of  Voharia  are  very  closely  allied;  some  appear  in  spring  and 
early  summer,  others  later  in  the  year  ;  thoy  are  almost  tasteless,  and  none 
are  known  to  be  edible.   Volcaria  corresponds  with  Amanita. —  IF.  O.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Silky  or  fibrillose. 

231.  Agaricus  (Volvaria)  bombycinus.     ScJicsff.   "  Silky  Yol- 

varia." 

Pileus  flesliy,  soft,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  sub-umbonate, 
silky,  fibrillose,  self-coloured ;  stem  solid,  attenuated,  smooth, 
volva  very  large;  gills  free,  flesh-coloured. — Fr.Epicr.  p.  138. 
Sch(pff.t.98.  Krombh.  t  23,  f.  16-21.  Berh.  Outl.t.l  f.l.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y. p.  104t.  Barla.t.26,f.l-6. 

On  decayed  wood.     Rare.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  3-4  in.,  at  first  entirely  enclosed  in  a  slimy  dark  volva,  at  length 
protruded,  campanulate,  dirty  white,  silky,  with  yellowish  white  narrow 
silky  scales,  and  marked  frequently  with  a  few  dark  blotches,  the  remains  of 
the  volva,  flesh  whitish,  firm,  elastic,  margin  involute ;  gills  numerous,  close, 
ventricose,  quite  free,  not  reaching  the  margin,  at  first  white,  then  rose- 
coloured,  with  a  tinge  of  yellow,  at  length  deliquescent,  tinged  with  umber. 
Stem  2|in.high,  ^  in.  thick  in  the  centre,  firm,  solid,  thickest  downwards, 
the  tough  volva  remaining  like  a  cup  at  the  base. — M.J.B. 

232.  Agairicus  (Volvaria)  volvaceus.     Bull.     "  Stove  Volvaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  virgate, 
with  adpressed  black  fibrils;  stem  solid,  subequal ;  volva  loose; 
gills  free,  flesh-coloured. — Fr.Ejjicr.p.lSS.  Bull.t.2Q2.  Fl. 
Dan.  1. 1731,/.  2.  Letell.  t.  623.  Sow.  1. 1.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  104. 
Barla.  t.  2b,  f.  6. 13.     Vent.  t.  22. 

In  stoves,  by  roadsides,  &c.     July.     Aug.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  obtuse,  pallid,  cinereous,  with  cinereous  and  black 
streaks;  gills  obtuse  behind,  almost  remote  ;  stem  3-5  in.  high,  ^  in.  thick, 
white  ;  gills  adhering,  almost  delinquescent  as  in  Coprinus.  Spores  "0002  X 
•00013  in.—  W.  G.  S.  (PI.  TIL,  Jiff.  10,  reduced.) 

233.  Agaricus  (Volvaria)  Loveianus.    Berk.     "Parasitic 

Yol/aria." 

Pileus  thin,  fleshy,  subtruncate,  globose,  then  convex,  obtuse, 
white,  silky ;  stem  solid,  attenuated  upwards  ;  volva  loose,  lobed ; 
gills  free,  rose-coloured. — Berk.  Outl.p  140,  t.  7,/.  2.  Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  139.  Smith.  Seem.  Jour.  Dec.  1867.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  104. 

Parasitic  on  J..  ne^M /am.     Rare. 

Csespitose.  At  first  appearing  like  a  small  round  Bovisfa,  from  the  size  of 
a  pea  upwards,  then  oblong,  and  the  top  of  the  pileus,  which  at  that  stage  is 
flattish,  bursts  through  the  volva,  which  is  ultimately  split  into  three  or  four 
regular  lacinise,  with  a  somewhat  wrinkled  surface,  and  the  pileus  from  sub- 


AGAEICINI.  85 

trnncato-globose,  becomes  convex,  or  slightly  erpanded,  2^  in.  broad,  moder- 
ately fleshy  and  beautifully  silky,  white,  with  a  slight  shade  of  pink  or  ciner- 
eous, margin  involute  ;  gills  broad  in  front,  quite  free,  sub -deliquescent, 
gradually  with  a  pink  tinge.  Stem  2  in.  high,  2-3  lines  thick,  white,  closely 
fibrillose,  juicy,  solid,  bulbous,  volva  pure  white.  Spores  minute,  elliptic, 
rosy,  "OOOl  in.  long.  Artificially  developed  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith,  from  speci- 
mens of  ^4^.  nebulans. — (Seem,  Journal.) 

234.  Agaricus  (Volvaria)  Taylori.    Berk.     "  Taylor's 

Volvaria." 

Pilens  thin,  conical,  obtuse,  livid,  striato-rimose  from  the  apex ; 
stem  pale,  solid,  nearly  equal ;  volva  lobed,  brown,  small ;  gills  un- 
even, broad  in  front,  attenuated  behind,  rose-coloured. — Berk, 
Outl.p.  140.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  675. 

On  the  ground.     Jersey. 

Pilens  If  in.  high  and  broad,  beautifully  pencilled  and  cracked,  margin 
lobed  and  sinuated;  stem  2^  in.  high,  \  in.  thick,  slightly  bulbous  at  the  base; 
gills  uneven.  The  dark  volva,  campanulate  pileus,  and  uneven  attenuated 
gills  are  marked  characters, — M.  J.  B. 

235.  Agaricus  (Volvaria)  parvulus.     Weinm.    "Little 

Volvaria." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  conic,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  dry  ;  stem 
stuffed,  equal,  silky  ;  volva  small,  lobed  ;  gills  free,  rose-coloured. 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  139.  Bull.  t.  330.  Pers.  Obs.  t.  4,/.  4-5.  Kromhh.  t. 
3,/.  20  ?  A.pusillus.  Berk  Out.  p.  140. 

In  pastures,  after  stormy  weather.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Abounds  some  years  in  autumn,  in  exposed  rather  rich  pastures,  and  may 
be  confounded  by  superficial  observers  with  the  true  mushroom  ;  but  a  glance 
at  the  volva,  which  is  always  present,  and  the  attenuated  stem,  is  sufiicient 
to  prevent  mistakes — a  point  of  some  consequence,  as  the  qualities  of  all  the 
species  in  the  sub-genus  are,  to  say  the  least,  doubtful. — 31.  J.  B.  Spores 
•0002  X  -00014  in. 

Sect.  2.     Pileus  smooth,  sub-viscid. 

236.  Agazicus  (Volvaria)  speciosus.     Fr.     "Dunghill 

Volvaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  campanulate, then  expanded,  obtuse,  smooth, 
even,  viscid,  disc  grey ;  stem  solid,  attenuated,  rather  bulbous ; 
Tolva  loose,  villous,  as  well  as  the  stem  ;  gills  free,  rose-coloured. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  n^.  Fl.  Ban.t.1737.  Krombh.t.26,f.l-8.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  902*. 

On  dunghills,  roadsides,  &c.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Very  closely  allied  to  the  next,  but  differing  in  the  absence  of  a  distinct 
umbo,  and  in  the  smooth  margin  of  the  pileus. 


86  AGAEICINI. 

237.  Agaxicus  (Volvaria)  gloiocephalus.     Fr,    "Umbonate 

Volvaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  umbonate,  glutinous ;  mar- 
gin striate  ;  stem  solid,  equal,  smooth ;  volva  tuberose,  sub-ob- 
literated; gills  free,  white,  then  flesh-coloured. — Fr.Epicr.p.  140. 
Letell.  t.  645,/.  H.  1.  Gard.  Chron.  1860,^.  d3d,Jig.  A.  speciosus. 
Berk.  Outl.  t.  7,/.  3.   Barla.  t.  26. 

On  the  ground. 

Pileus  about  3  in.  across,  with  a  strong  regular  obtuse  umbo  in  the  centre, 
of  a  delicate  mouse-grey,  viscid  when  moist,  but  when  dry  shining,  quite 
smooth,  margin  striate  in  consequence  of  the  thinness  of  the  flesh  ;  stem  6  in. 
or  more  high,  about  J  in.  thick  in  the  centre,  attenuated  upwards,  bulbous  at 
the  base,  clothed  with  a  few  slight  fibres,  easily  splitting,  solid,  rather  dingy, 
ringless.  Yolva  loose,  villous  like  the  base  of  the  stem,  splitting  into  several 
unequal  lobes  ;  the  gills  are  broad,  especially  in  front,  narrower  behind,  and 
quite  free,  so  as  to  leave  a  space  round  the  top  of  the  stem,  white,  tinged 
with  greyish  pink  ;  margin  slightly  toothed.  Smell  strong  and  unpleasant, 
and  taste  disagreeable.— i)/.  /.  B. 

Suh-Gen.  11.     Cham^ota.     Smith.  Seem.  Journal,  1870. 

(Psalliota,  Fr.  partly.) 

SjDores  pale  rose ;  stem  distinct  from  the  hymenophore,  fur- 
nished with  a  fugitive  ring  ;  gills  free. 

Hab.  On  the  ground,  or  on  decayed  wood. — (PL  III., Jig.  11.) 

Corresponds  in  structure  with  Lepiota  and  Psalliota.  The  species  figured 
is  A,  ( Chamceota)  xartthogrammus,  Ces.  an  Italian  species. 

238.  Agaricus  (Chaxneeota)  cxetaceus.     Fr.     "  Chalky 

Cbamffiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  convexo-plane,  naked,  even, 
nearly  smooth,  or  rivulose ;  stem  hollow,  equally  attenuated,  even, 
white  ;  ring  simple,  reflexed,  and  again  ascending  ;  gills  rather 
remote,  broader  in  front,  for  a  long  time  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
213.  Sv.Bot.t.696,f.2.  Kro?nbh.  t.  26,  f.  16, 17.  Berk.  Outl.  t. 
10,/.  5.   Ann.N.H.no.US. 

In  meadows  and  stoves. 

Distinguished  from  A.  campestris  by  its  gills,  which  remain  for  a  long  time 
white,  and  are  at  length  rose-coloured,  and  also  by  the  spores,  which  are 
•0001  X  -OOaiS  in. 

239.  Agaricus  (Chaxnaeota)  echinatus.    Both.     "  Bristling 

Chamceota." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  obtuse ;  at 
first  pulverulent;  then  squamose ;  stem  fistulose,  equal,  floccoso- 


AGAEICINI.  87 

pulTemlent  below  the  ring  ;  gills  free,  crowded,  blood-red. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  215.  Roth.  Cat.  ii.  t.  9,/.  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  147.  Ag.  hcema- 
tophyllus.  Mag.  Zool.  Sf  Bot.  no.  38,  t.  xv./.  1. 

On  peat  beds  in  gardens.     Kare.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Solitary  or  gregarious,  often  fasciculate.  Pileus  1-1|-  in.  broad,  thin,  brittle, 
cbocolate,  or  olive  brown,  clothed  with,  minute  raised  scales,  and  copious  meal 
of  the  same  colour  ;  flesh  pale,  not  changing  when  cut ;  gills  varying  greatly 
in  breadth,  rounded  behind,  quite  free,  but  approximate,  at  first  of  a  fine 
red,  at  length  deep  chocolate.  King  broad,  fugacious,  attached  at  first  in 
ragged  triangular  lacinise  to  the  edge  of  the  pileus,  mealy  externally,  of  a 
beautiful  pink  within  ;  stem  1^  in.  high,  1-2  lines  or  more  thick,  chocolate- 
red  when  rubbed,  clothed  with  meal,  red  within,  stufi'ed,  penetrating  j  smell 
strong. — M.  J.  B. 

Suh-Gen.  12.     Pluteus.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  140. 

Spores  generally  regular  in  shape,  but  in  some  species  approach- 
ing the  irregularity  of  Heheloma,  pink  or  salmon-colour,  more  or 
less  bright,  some  approaching  in  colour  the  spores  of  genus  5, 
PaxiUus,  others  sub-genus  19,  Flammula;  veil  none;  pileus  of 
the  same  nature  with  the  stem  and  gills,  smooth,  silky,  or  wrinkled  ; 
stem  ringless  and  without  a  volva,  distinct  from  the  hymenophore ; 
gills  free,  at  first  white,  then  yellowish,  afterwards  pink,  very 
crowded,  almost  cohering,  sometimes  subliquescent. 

Hab.  The  species  almost  always  grows  on,  ox  close  to,  the  trunks 
of  trees.— (P/.  III.,  fig.  12.) 

The  characters  of  this  sub-genus  agree  with  those  of  Volvana,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  volva,  which  is  absent  in  Pluteus.  Fries  thinks  it  doubtful 
whether  the  pellicle  of  the  pileus,  always  fibrous,  flocculose,  or  pruinose,  should 
not  be  considered  as  a  universal  concrete  veil,  which  would  give  an  analogy 
with  Lqjkifa,  The  species  of  Pluteus  appear  in  spring,  early  summer,  or  late 
in  the  autumn.    They  are  tasteless,  and  none  edible. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Pileus  with  evanescent  fibrils. 

240.    Agaricus  (Pluteus)  cervinus.     Sch(sff.     "  Fawn  Pluteus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  nearly  even,  smooth, 
then  clad  with  evanescent  fibrillose  scales ;  margin  naked ;  stem 
solid,  with  black  fibrils ;  gills  free,  crowded,  white,  then  flesh- 
coloured. — Fi\  Epicr. p.  lAO.  Schceff.t. 10.  Soiv.  t.  108.  Batsch. 
f.  76.  KrombJi.  t.  2,/.  7-10.  Sturm  t.  28.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1067,/.  2. 

On  trunks  of  trees. 

Pileus  3  in.  and  more  broad,  dingy,  growing  pale,  sometimes  tawny  yellow. 
Spores  very  bright,  orange  pink.  -00023  X  "00018.  in. 

lPl.III.,fig.l2,redwed:\ 


88  AGAEICINI. 

241.  Agaricus  (Pluteus)  umbrosus.     Pers.     "  Brown  Pluteus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  lacunose,  rugose, 
at  first  yillous  ;  margin  ciliate  or  fimbriate  ;  stem  solid,  yilloso- 
squamulose  ;  gills  free  (sub-fuliginoiis),  margin  fimbriate. — Fr. 
Epicr.x>.  1-iO.  Pers.  Ic.  §-  Desc.  t.  2,  /.  5-6.  A.  umhrinus.  Berk. 
Outl.p.  141. 

On  dead  trunks. 

Blackisli  umber.  Pilens  3  in.  broad. 

Sect.  2,     Pileus  pruinate,  sub-pulverulent. 

242.  Agaricus  (Pluteus)  nanus.     P.    "  Mealy  Pluteus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  rugulose,  obtuse, 
sprinkled  with  dingy  meal  ;  stem  solid,  rigid,  short,  striate, 
white  ;  gills  free,  white,  then  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  141. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  676.  Bull.  t.  547,/.  3. 

On  fallen  sticks.     Aug.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  umber,  about  lin.  broad.  Stem  lin.  long,  1-2  lin.  thick.  Spores  irre- 
gular hexagons,  &c..  very  pale  rose,  average  diameter  about  "00023  in. 

Sect.  3.     Pileus  naked,  smooth. 

243.  Agaricus  (Pluteus)  petasatus.     Fr.     "Broad-capped 

Pluteus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  very 
smooth,  with  a  viscid  cuticle,  membranaceous  to  the  middle,  and 
at  length  striate ;  stem  solid,  tall,  rigid,  fibrilloso-striate,  atten- 
uated equally  from  the  base;  gills  free,  very  broad,  much  crowded, 
drying  up,  white,  then  reddish. — Fr  Epicr.  p.  142.  Ann.  Nat. 
Hist.,  xiii.,  t.  9,/.  2,  no.  271,.   Gonn.  ^-  Rahh.  iv.  t.  4. 

On  sawdust.     Jan.     Hitchin. 

Stem  6  in.  long,  firm,  pallid,  at  length  tawny.  Pileus  5-6  in.,  with  a  separ- 
able cuticle,  pale  cinereous,  rather  bright  brown,  &c. 

244.  Agazicus  (Pluteus)  leoninus.     Scli<p.ff.     "Yellow  Pluteus." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  campanulate,  then  expanded, 
smooth,  naked ;  margin  striate  ;  stem  solid,  smooth,  striate ;  gills 
free,  yellowish,  then  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  142.  Schoeff. 
f.  48.  BerJc.Outl.t.7,f.4:.  Pers.Ic.  ^  Des.t.l,f.S-4:.  Eng.Fl. 
\.p.78. 

On  wood.     Sept.     Oct.  [S.  Carolina.] 


AGAEICINI.  89 

Solitary  or  sub-gregarions.  Pilens  1-3  in.  broad,  tawny  yellow,  sbadedwitb 
bright  orange,  or  purplish  brown,  tinged  with  yellow,  umbonate.  flesh,  thick 
in  the  centre,  margin  thin,  firm,  covered  with  a  smooth,  wrinkled,  glutinous 
cuticle,  sometimes  pitted  round  the  umbo,  margin  more  or  less  striate  ;  gills 
rather  broad,  rounded  behind  and  in  front,  flesh-coloured,  moderately  dis- 
tant, perfectly  free,  edge  at  first  yellowish.  Stem  2-3  in.  high,  2-6  lines  thick, 
downy  at  the  base,  sometimes  rooting,  attenuated  upwards,  twisted  and 
striate,  yellow  or  ochraceous,  shaded  with  orange,  solid,  at  length  imper- 
fectly hollow.  Spores  rose-coloured,  elliptic. — J/.  J.B. 

245.  Agaricus  (Pluteus)  chrysophaeus.     Scliceff.     "Dingy 

Pluteus." 

Pilens  sub-membranaceoiis,  campanulate,  fhen  expanded, 
naked,  nearly  even,  smooth  or  slightly  virgate ;  margin  striate ; 
stem  hollow,  smooth  ;  gills  free,  white,  then  flesh-coloured. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  142.  Schceff.  t.  253.  Soiv.  1. 174.  Grev.  1. 173.  BerTc. 
Outl.  1. 1  ,f.  5. 

On  wood,  hollow  trees,  &c.  [United  States.] 

Somewhat  gregarious,  distinct,  or  two  or  three  growing  from  the  same 
base.  Pileus  1-3  in.  convex,  at  length  nearly  plane,  undulated  at  the  margin, 
nearly  membranaceous  ;  colour  yellowish  or  ochraceous  brown.  Surface  gla- 
brous, rugose,  with  veins  in  the  direction  from  the  centre  to  the  circumfer- 
ence. Gills  rather  numerous,  broad,  ventricose,  free.  Stem  2-4  in.  long,  2-5 
lines  thick,  somewhat  fistulose,  whitish,  mostly  twisted,  equal,  except  at  the 
base,  which  is  often  thickened  and  frequently  incurved. — Grev. 

246.  Agaricus  (Pluteus)  phlebophorus.     Ditm.     "Veined 

Pluteus." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  conyex,  then  expanded,  yeined,  rugose  ; 
margin  naked,  without  striae ;  stem  hollow,  smooth,  incuryed, 
shining  ;  gills  free,  white,  then  flesh-coloured. — Fr  Epicr.p.  142. 
Ditm.t.ib.    Nees.f.202.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.l^.  Ann.  N.H.no.  676*. 

On  fallen  sticks.     Pare. 

Pileus  about  lin.  broad,  convex,  becoming  nearly  plane  when  mature,  cu- 
ticle rugose,  with  prominent  anastomosing  veins,  leaving  deep  pits  between 
them,  of  a  pleasant  yellowish  brown,  or  pale  reddish  orange,  with  the  mar- 
gin generally  incurred.  Gills  broad,  at  first  white,  becoming  flesh-coloured. 
Stem  2  in.  high  or  more,  hollow,  incurved,  ascending.  A  very  beautiful  species, 
distinguished  at  once  by  the  rugose  pileus  ;  the  pits  are  very  deep,  and  the 
reticulations  very  distinct.  Spores  sub-globose,  '0003  in.  long,  "0002  in.  di- 
ameter.—  W.G.S. 

Sub-Gen.  13.     Extoloma.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  143. 

Spores  extremely  irregular  in  shape,  salmon  colour,  pink,  or 
more  or  less  approaching  bright-red  or  brown  ;  yeil  ''potential 
rather  than  definite  ;"  pileus,  margin  at  first  incuryed,  never  at 
first  umbilicate,  fleshy,  or  thin  according  to  the  species,  viscid, 


90  AGAEICINI. 

smooth,  hygrophanous,  dry,  silky,  or  flocculose ;  stem  fles"hy- 
fibrous,  sometimes  waxy,  contimious  with  the  hymenophore, 
and  homogeneous  with  it;  gills  sinuated,  as  in  Tricholoma,  etc., 
almost  free,  or  more  or  less  adnate,  sometimes  parting  from  the 
stem.— (PL  III., Jig.  IS.) 

Hab.  All  are  terrestrial. 

Allied  to  Tricholoma,  but,  with  few  exceptions,  the  species  of  Eyitoloma  are 
much  thinner  and  often  brittle.  Many  possess  the  odour  of  new  flour,  but 
none  are  edible,  and  some  highly  poisonous.  They  appear  in  summer  after 
hea\'7  raius.  Besides  corresponding  with  Tricholoma,  Entolovia  agrees  in 
structure  with  Heheloma  and  Hyj)]wloina. —  W,  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Genuini — pileus  smooth,  moist,  or  sub-viscid. 

247.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  sinuatus.    F7\    "Large-waved 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  sub-repand,  even, 
smooth  ;  stem  solid,  compact,  fibrillose,  whitish  ;  gills  adnexed, 
very  broad,  crowded,  pale,  rufescent. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  143.  Saund. 
^  Sm.t. II.  A.fertilis.  Fers.  3I.E.281.  Built.  64.7,  f.  1,  590. 
Smith  P.M.f.  14.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  77. 

In  woods.     Poisonous.  [S.Carolina.] 

Pileus  4  in.  and  upwards,  expanded,  obtuse,  somewhat  lobed,  pulverulento- 
squamtilose,  fleshy,  dry,  pinkish-buff,  with  sometimes  a  tinge  of  yellow  ;  gills 
rose-coloared,  adnexed,  nearly  free  ;  stem  3-6 in.  high,  f-1  in.  thick,  stuffed, 
firm,  fibrillose,  sub-squamulose,  sub-compressed,  somewhat  bulbous  at  the 
base,  paler  than  the  pileus.  Spores  brownish  salmon,  very  irregular,  '00035  in. 
diameter.     Smell  like  that  of  fresh  meal.  (Pl.III.,Jlg.lB,rediiced.J 

248.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  prunuloides.     Fr.     "Plum-like 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  even, 
smooth,  sub-viscid  ;  stem  solid,  unequal,  smooth,  sub-striate, 
white  ;  gills  free,  ventricose,  white,  then  flesh-coloured. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  144.  Berk.  Outl.p.  142. 

On  the  ground.     Rare.     Mossburnford. 

Pileus  white,  yellowish,  greyish,  &c.,  at  length  longitudinally  cracked ;  gills 
emarginate,  rarely  rounded,  at  first  slightly  adnexed. 

249.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  placenta.      Batsch.      "Brown 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  umbonate,  regular,  smooth, 
brown  ;  stem  solid,  equal,  fibroso-striate,  brown  ;  gills  emargi- 
nate,  adnexed,  crowded,  rather  thick,  pallid  flesh  colour. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  14:4:.  Batsch. f.  18.  Ann.N.R.no.78d. 


AGAEICINI.  91 

On  the  ground.     Oct.     Swanage,  Dorset. 

Solitary  ;  stem  2-3  in.  long,  2-3  lin.  tMck,  brown ;  pileus  IHn.  broad,  or- 
bicular, smooth;  brown ;  gills  separating  from  the  hymenophore. 

250.  Agaricus    (Entoloxna)  helodes.    Fr.     '•  Moor  Entoloma." 

Pileus  slightly  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  sub-umbonate,  moist, 
becoming  smooth  ;  stem  hollow,  pallid,  fibrillose ;  base  rather 
thickened ;  gills  emarginate,  adnexed,  somewhat  distant,  white, 
then  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  144.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  790. 

On  moors.     Coed  Coch. 

Pileus  purple,  dingy,  brown,  &c.,  when  old  becoming  pale,  spotted,  not 
hygrophanous,  2  in.  or  more  broad ;  stem  2-3  in.  long,  3  lin.  thick,  pale, 
cinereous  j  smell  like  that  of  fresh  meal. 

251.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  xepandus.     Bull.     "Repand 

Entoloma."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  conical,  umbonate,  indistinctly  silky ;  margin 
lobed  ;  stem  short,  solid,  minutely  silky,  white  ;  gills  dull  rose- 
coloured,  broad  in  front. — Bull.  t.  423,/.  2.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  143. 
Eng.  Ft.  x.p.  78.  Ann.  N.R.  no.  676*. 

Amongst  grass.     Rare. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  across,  conic,  obtuse,  at  length  expanded,  very  fleshy,  the 
margin  incurved  and  lobed,  pale  whitish,  ochraceous,  Avith  a  few  streaky 
shades,  clothed  with  a  very  close,  adpressed,  indistinct  silkiness  ;  gills  pale 
dull  rose,  broad  in  front ;  stem  1^  in.  high,  3  lines  thick,  white,  beautifully 
adpresso-sericeous  ;  spores  rose-coloured,  irregular,  stellate  j  odour  like  that 
of  fresh  meal. — J/.  /.  B, 

252.  Agaricus    (Entoloma)  Bloxami.    B.,fBr.     '-Blue 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  compact,  campanulate,  obtuse,  somewhat  lobed,  moist, 
blackish-blue,  somewhat  silky ;  flesh  white  ;  stem  slightly  at- 
tenuated upwards,  obtuse  at  the  base ;  gills  rather  broad,  at- 
tenuated, adnexed. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  143.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  677. 
Price,/.  89. 

In  open  exposed  pastures. 

Pileus  1  in.  or  more  across,  campanulate,  very  obtuse,  moist,  of  a  dark 
dingy  blue  or  purple,  or  sometimes  slate-coloured,  tinged  with  lilac, 
slightly  silky,  inclined  to  be  lobed  below,  flesh  very  thick  in  tiie  centre,  white, 
except  near  the  edge,  where  it  partakes  of  the  hue  of  the  pileus  j  stem  l^in. 
high,  ^  in.  thick,"  attenuated  upwards,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus, 
solid ;  gills  moderately  broad,  pale  pink,  attenuated  behind,  or  slightly 
adnexed. — M.J.B.  Spores  very  irregular  in  shape,  very  brilliant  pink 
orange,  '0003  in.  diameter. —  W.  G.  S. 


92  AGARICINI. 

253.  Agaxicus    (Entoloma)  ardosiacus.     Bull.     "Meadow 

Entoloma." 

Fragile  ;  pileus  slightly  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded  and  de- 
pressed, even,  smooth,  moist ;  stem  hollow,  elongated,  steel  blue, 
attenuated  from  the  white  base  ;  gills  nearly  free,  crowded, 
greyish,  flesh-coloured. — Fr,  Epicr.  p.  145.  Bull.  t.  348.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.  78. 

In  moist  meadows. 

Introduced  solely  on  the  authority  of  Sibthorpe.  Pileus  3  in.  broad,  fleshy, 
when  young  campanulate,  margin  sub-sinuate;  gills  4  lines  broad,  rufescent; 
Btem  4-5  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick,  attenuated,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus. 
— Fries. 

254.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  frumentaceus.     Bull.     "  Mealy 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  rather  brittle,  nearly  plane,  dry,  finely 
streaked;  stem  streaked  and  slightly  cracked,  obtuse  at  the  base ; 
gills  broad,  emarginate,  or  rounded  behind,  cinereous,  with  a 
reddish  yellow  tinge. — Bull.  t.  571,/.  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  678.  Berk. 
Outl.p.  144. 

On  the  ground  under  a  hedge.     Rare. 

Somewhat  csespitose  ;  pileus  3|  in.  across,  plane,  with  the  margin  arched 
and  sinuated,  dry,  buff,  tinged  with  red,  marked  with  fine  streaks,  which 
are  sometimes  slightly  raised,  fleshy,  firm,  rather  brittle  ;  stem  2  in.  high,  1 
in.  thick,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus,  streaked  and  slightly  cracked, 
sometimes  compressed,  blunt  at  the  base,  with  a  little  white  down,  stained 
with  the  sjiores  ;  gills  broad,  moderately  distant,  sinuated  and  toothed, 
rounded  behind,  sometimes  emarginate,  adnate,  cinereous,  with  a  reddish- 
yellow  tinge  ;  spores  elliptic,  minute,  "0002  in.  long,  rose-coloured  j  taste 
agreeable  ;  smell  farinaceous. — M.  J.  B. 

Fries  places  this  species  in  Trkholoma,  both  in  the  "Epicrisis"  and 
"  Monograph."  We  retain  it  here  in  deference  to  the  Eev.  M.  J.  Berkeley's 
opinion. 

255.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  ameides.     B.  S^  Br.     "Scented 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  irregular,  broadly  campanulate,  centre  smooth;  margin 
whitish  flocculent,  at  length  glabrous,  with  a  silky  lustre,  undu- 
lated ;  stem  stuffed,  compressed,  whitish,  villous  at  the  base,  above 
striato-fibrillose,  apex  flocculent  ;  gills  distant,  slightly  adnexed, 
rugose. — Ann.  N.  Hist.  1865,  no.  999. 

In  pastures.     Sept.     Bodelwyddan,  Flintshire. 

Pileus  1-2J  in.  across,  varying  from  hemispherical  in  smaller  specimens  to 
campanulate,  thin,  pale  reddish  grey  ;  spores  rose-coloured,  irregular  j  large 
specimens  at  first  sight  closely  resemble  IIy(jrojjho7-us  ovinus  ;  smell  peculiar, 
resembling  a  mixture  of  orange  fiower  water  and  starch.  The  whole  plant 
acquires  a  reddish  tint  in  drying. — B.dsBr. 


AGARICIXI.  93 

Sect.  2.     Leptonidei — pileus  flocculose,  sub-squamose,  dry. 

256.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  jubatus.    Fr.    "  Crested  Entoloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  at  first  acutely,  then  obscurely  uin- 
bonate,  clothed  with  fibres,  glossy,  not  hygrophanous,  gills  slightly 
adnexed,  inclined  to  yentricose  ;  stem  fleshy,  glossy,  striate,  and 
shining,  white  at  the  base,  stufl'ed  or  hollow,  clothed  with  minute 
sooty  fibres. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  145.  Fr.S.M.p.  196.  Trans.  Wool- 
hope  Club  (1868),/).  2i:Q,  luith plate. 

In  mossy  places.  Merry  Hill  Common  and  Haywood  Forest, 
near  Hereford,  1868  (  W.  G.  S.),  Ascot  (J/.  J.  B.),  near  Goudhurst, 
Sussex  (F.  C.) 

Grows  in  dense  clusters.  Young  specimens  acutely  campanulate,  full  grown 
attain  5  or  more  in.,  with  a  diameter  of  3  or  4  in.  Spores  extremely 
irregular  '00025  X  '0004  in.— TF.  G.  S. 

257.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  griseo-cyaneus.     Fr.    *' Blue- 

Grrey  Entoloma." 

Pileus  sub-carnose,  campanulato-convex,  obtuse,  floccoso-squa- 
mose;  stem  hollow, floccose  or  fibrillose, pallid,  then  bluish  ;  gills 
adnexed,  seceding,  whitish,  becoming  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. 
/>.  145.  B.  <^' Br^Ann.N.H.{l^Q^)  no.lll^. 

On  lawns.     Oct.     Coed  Coch. 

With  the  habit  of  a  Leptonia,  smaller,  soft  j  stem  fibrous,  2-3  lines  thick, 
white  when  young.    Pileus  grey,  or  verging  towards  lilac. 

258.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  sexicellus.     Fr.     "  Silky  Entoloma." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane  or  depressed,  silky,  at 
length  squamulose ;  stem sub-fistulose,  fibrillose,  white,  then  pallid, 
gills  adnate,  seceding,  slightly  distant,  white,  then  flesh-coloured. 
— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  1-4:6.  Pers.Ic.  t.  6,/.  2.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  76. 

In  woods.     July — Sept. 

Sub- gregarious.  Pileus  f  in.  broad,  white,  sub-carnose,  silky,  slightly  um- 
bilicate.  gills  pale  rose-colour,  broad,  adnate,  nearly  horizontal,  sub-decur- 
rent ;  stem  2  in.  high  or  more,  1  line  thick,  thickest  and  downy  at  the  base, 
sometimes  sub-bulbous,  solid,  or  closely  stufl'ed,  white,  silky.  Odour  and 
taste  like  A.  campestris. — M.  J.  B. 

Sec.  3.     Nolanidei — pileus  thin,  hygrojDhanous. 

259.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  clypeatus.    L.    "  Buckler  Entoloma." 

Pileus  slightly  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  umbonate, 
smooth,  hygrophanous  ;  stem  stuffed,  attenuated,  fibrillose,  be- 


94  AGARICIN"!. 

coming  pale  ;  gills  rounded,  adnexed,  seceding,  serrulated,  dirty 
flesli  colour. — Fr.Epicr.j^.l'iC).  I>vll.t.b34:.  I{uss.u.t.4:2.  Berk. 
Outl.  1. 1  J.  6.  Bolt.  t.  G9.  Buxb.  iv.  t.  6. 

In  gardens,  &c. 

Pileus  4  in.  or  more  across,  gregarious,  lurid,  when  dry  grey  and  rather 
shining,  virgate,  and  spotted. 

260.  Agaricus  (Entoloxna)  rhodopolius.    Fr.     "  Eosy 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  slightly  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  at  length 
slightly  depressed,  hygrophanous  ;  margin  flexuose,  broken  ;  stem 
hollow,  nearly  equal,  smooth,  white,  pruinose  above  ;  gills  adnate, 
sinuate,  white,  then  roseate. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  147.  Bolt.t.Q.  Fl. 
Dan.  1. 1736.     Kromhh.  t.  66,  f.  17-22. 

In  woods.     Sept.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  about  3  in.  across  ;  pileus  when  young  fibrillose,  soon  smooth,  when 
moist  livid  or  tawny  ;  margin  slightly  striate,  when  dry  shining,  with  a  satiny 
lustre.     Spores  very  irregular  ;  average  diameter  •00027  in- 

261.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  znajalis.     Fr.     "  Cinnamon 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  campanulate  or  con- 
vex, umbonate,  even,  smooth,  hygrophanous ;  margin  expanded, 
repand;  stem  fistulose,  twisted,  striate,  whitish,  tomentose  at  the 
base  :  gills  nearly  free,  crenate,  pallid,  then  roseate. — Fr.  S.  M. 
p.  205.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  998. 

In  woods.     Coed  Coch,  Denbighshire. 

Sub-csespitose.  Pileus  cinnamon-colour,  when  dry  ochraceous,  2-3  in.  broad. 
Stem  3-4  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick,  twisted;  gills  free,  ventricose. 

262.  Agaricus  (Entolozna)  costatus.     Fr.    "  Costate 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  rather  membranaceous,  convexo-bullate,  then  nearly 
plane,  sub-umbilicate,  undulate,  smooth,  hygrophanous  ;  stem 
hollow,  short,  deformed,  sub-striate,  grey,  whitish-squamulose 
above ;  gills  nearly  free,  entire,  transversely  ribbed,  pallid. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  147.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  679. 

In  meadows.     Oct.     Common. 

Pileus  2  in.  or  more,  livid,  tawny,  or  with  a  scorched  appearance,  shining; 
stem  2  in.  long,  3-4  lines  thick.  Eeadily  distinguished  by  the  distant  broad 
gills,  which  are  rounded  behind,  and  nearly  free,  traversed  at  length  by 
waved  ribs,  and  with  their  margin  undulate,  and  not  discoloured.  Smell 
none;  spores  irregular,  sub-globose,  with  a  globular  nucleus. — M,  J.  B. 


AGAEICINI.  95 

263.  Agazicus  (Entoloma)  sericeus.    Bull.     "Meadow 

Entoloma." 

Pileus  between  fieshy  and  membranaceous,  convex,  then  ex- 
panded, smooth,  hygropbanous,  when  dry  silky;  margm  inflexed, 
repand, rather  striate ;  stem  fistiilose, short, fibrillose ;  gills  emar- 
ginate,  plane,  rather  distant,  grey. — Fr.  Epicr.]).  147.  Bull.  t. 
413,/.  1.    A.pascims,  Eng.  Fl.  {in part.)  Berk.  Outl.p.  145. 

In  meadows. 

Gregarious.  Stem  hollow,  1-2  in.  long,  1-2  lines  thick,  grey.  Pileus  1  in. 
and  more  broad,  umber,  paler  when  dry,  margin  at  first  involute  and  striate- 
Odour  strong  of  new  meal. 

264.  Agaricus  (Entoloma)  nidozosus.    Fr.     "  Strong-scented 

Entoloma." 

Pilens  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous, convex,then  expanded, 
rather  depressed,  smooth,  hygrophanous ;  when  dry  silky,  shin- 
ing ;  stem  stuffed,  equal,  smooth,  white,  then  growing  pallid  j 
whitish  pruinose  above  ;  gills  emarginate,  free,  broad,  rather  dis- 
tant, flexuose,  pallid  flesh-colour. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  148.  A.  rhodo- 
polius,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  76. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Pileus  1^  to  3  in.  broad,  piano-expanded  or  sub-depressed,  occasionally 
minutely  umbonate,  ochraceous,  with  a  brownish  tint,  the  margin  sometimes 
darker  and  waved,  in  large  specimens  sub-carnose,  smooth  and  shining,  with 
a  satiny  lustre,  most  minutely  silky  under  a  lens,  but  the  silkiness  quite  ad- 
pressed  ;  gills  very  broad,  thick,  and  adnate,  more  or  less  rounded  behind, 
and  separating  from  the  stem  ;  stem  2-4  in.  high,  2  lines  or  more  thick,  hol- 
low and  stringy  within,  sub-flexuous,  pulverulent  at  the  apex,  downy  at  the 
base,  minutely  fibrilloso-striate.  Odour  strong. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  somewhat 
irregular,  "00034  in.  average  length. 

Suh-Gen.  14.     Clitopilus.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  148. 

Spores  salmon  colour,  in  some  species  very  pale,  almost  white, 
pip-shaped,  somewhat  irregular  spheres,  or  altogether  irregular, 
as  in  Entoloma,  flg.  12  ;  pileus  pruinose,  dull  white,  cinereous,  or 
brownish,  generally  fleshy  ;  stem  fleshy  or  fibrous,  confluent  with 
the  hymenophore  and  homogeneous  with  it ;  gills  decurrent, 
never  sinuated. 

Hab.  All  are  terrestrial. — (PI.  III.,  jig.  14.) 

With  the  exception  of  the  gills,  most  of  the  characters  correspond  with 
Entoloma.  The  odour  of  the  species  is  more  or  less  mealy,  some,  however, 
are  oily,  some  tasteless,  others  edible.  Clitojnlusia  closely  allied  to  Ciifocybe, 
and  differs  from  EntoloimL  precisely  as  Clitoajhe  differs  from  Trkholoina, 
Clitojjilus  agrees  more  or  less  with  Flammula. —  W,  (?.  S, 


96  AGAEICINI. 

265.  Agaricus  (Clitopilus)  prunulus.     Scop.    "  Plum  Clitopilus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  at  first  convex,  regular,  at  length  de- 
pressed, repand,  pruinose,  dry  ;  stem  solid,  ventricose,  naked, 
striate  ;  gills  strongly  decurrent,  rather  distant,  white,  then  flesh- 
coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  148.  Trans.  Woolh.  CI.  1869,  plate. 
Berk.OutJ.  t.  7,  /.  7.  Iluss.ii.t.il.  Scha^ff.t.  78.  Sow.  t.  143. 
Hogg  <^'  Jolinst.t.'20.  Lenz.t.26.  Kromh.  t.  55,/.  7-8.  Eng.  Fl. 
Y.p.76.  Smith  E.M.f.  lb. 

.     In  woods.     June — -Oct.     Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  at  first  convex,  then  expanded,  becoming  depressed 
in  the  centre,  irregularly  waved,  slightly  pruinose,  2-5  in.  broad,  surface  dry, 
soft,  white,  or  sometimes  grey,  flesh  thick,  white,  unchangeable ;  stem 
white,  soHd,  firm,  slightly  ventricose,  1  in.  or  more  long,  ^  in.  thick,  naked, 
often  striate,  and  villous  at  the  base  ;  often  excentric;  gills  crowded,  deeply 
decurrent,  white,  then  of  a  pale,  dull,  flesh  colour,  or  yellowish  brown;  spores 
pale  brown,  oval,  with  an  apiculus  at  one  end,  '00045  X  '0002  in.  Odour  of 
new  meal,  strong. — H.  G.  B.  (PL  HI.,  fig.  14,  reduced.) 

var.  Orcella. — Trans.  Woolh.  CI.  lS6d,Jig.  Badh.i.  t.  13.  ii.  f, 
11,/.  1-2.    Ve?it.t.  14,/.  1-3. 

In  open  places.     June — Oct.     Esculent. 

Pileus  thin,  irregular,  depressed  in  the  centre,  lobed,  undulated,  2-3  in. 
broad,  clear  white,  sometimes  tinted  with  pale  brown  on  its  prominences, 
occasionally  with  a  grey  centre,  or  slightly  zoned  with  grey ;  surface  soft 
and  smooth  to  the  touch,  except  in  wet  weather,  when  it  becomes  soft  and 
sticky  ;  flesh  soft,  colourless,  and  unchangeable;  stem  smooth,  white,  solid, 
short,  decreasing  in  size,  central  when  young,  becoming  excentric  from  the 
pileus  growing  irregularly  ;  gills  crowded,  decurrent,  at  first  nearly  white, 
then  pinkish  grey,  at  length  with  a  light  brown  tint  ;  spores  pale  brown, 
'00035  X  "00018  in. ;  odour  pleasant ;  smaller  than  the  typical  form,  less  fleshy, 
and  grows  in  more  open  glades. — R.  Q.  B. 

266.  Agaricus  (Clitopilus)  cretatus.     Berh.     "Chalky 

Clitopilus." 

Small  ;  pileus  membranaceous,  at  length  umbilicate,  dead- 
white,  shining,  margin  involute  ;  stem  very  short,  tomentose  ; 
gills  decurrent,  narrow,  rosy. — Ann.  N .H.  no.  903. 

On  naked  soil  in  woods  and  pastures. 

Single  or  gregarious  ;  pileus  5-f  in.  across,  at  first  convex,  then  umbili- 
cate, of  a  dead  white,  but  shining,  membranaceous,  not  striate,  margin  invo- 
lute ;  stem  a  few  lines  high,  1  line  thick,  often  curved  at  the  base,  and  some- 
times thickened,  tomentose.  especially  below,  white;  gills  pale  pink,  not 
broad,  very  decurrent ;  mycelium  white,  floccose. — M.J.B. 

267.  Agaricus  (Clitopilus)  mundulus.      Lasch.     "Delicate 

Clitopilus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  tough,  plane,  then  depressed,  unequal,  un- 
polished, dry ;  stem  stuffed,  thin,  flocculose,  thickened  at  either 


AGAEICINI.  97 

end,  at  length  black  within ;  gills  deeply  decurrent,  much 
crowded,  narrow,  pallid. — Fr.  Ejncr.p.  149.  Batsch.f.  119.  Batt. 
t.UJ.F. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe.     Scotland. 

Whitish ;  from  1  in.  to  2  in.  broad,  even  or  rivnlose  ;  stem  about  1  in,  long, 
at  first  floccoso-villose,  then  becoming  smooth. 

268.  Agaricus  (Clitopilus)  popinalis.     Fr.     ••  Greyish 

Clitopilus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  unequal,  sub-repand,  flaccid,  smooth  ; 
stem  stuffed,  slender,  equal,  naked,  rather  flexuous  ;  gills  deeply 
decurrent,  crowded,  lanceolate,  dark  grey. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  149.  B. 
^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866)  rzo.  1114. 

On  downs.     Oct.     Worthing.     Near  Bath. 

A  curious  species,  with  a  rank  and  strong  odour  ;  the  pileus  and  flesh  are 
of  a  greyish  tint,  the  gills  are  strongly  decurrent,  and  the  spores  pink  ;  pro- 
bably esculent.  Spores  irresfular  spheres,  so  pale  as  to  be  hardly  distin- 
guished from  white ;  might  easily  be  referred  to  Clitocybe,  diameter 
•00018  in. 

269.  Agaricus    (Clitopilus)    uudatus.     Fr.     "Waved 

Clitopilus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  deeply  umbilicate,  opaque  when  dry ; 
stem  hollow,  short,  unequal  ;  gills  very  decurrent,  thm,  scarcely 
crowded,  dark,  cinereous. — Epicr.  p.  149.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
1865,7^0.1000. 

In  open  downs.     Oct.     Batheaston,  &c. 

Inodorous ;  stem  soft,  attenuated  at  the  base ;  pileus  1^  in.  wide,  sooty 
grey,  often  infundibuliform  and  zoned.  -  Fries.  Spores  brilliant  salmon- 
pink,  very  irregular,  average  diameter  '00025  in. —  W.  G.  S. 

270.        Agaricus  (Clitopilus)  cancrinus.     Fr.     "Flesh-coloured 

Clitopilus." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  umbilicate,  then 
convex  and  expanded,  unequal  ;  without  striae,  growing  pale  ; 
stem  stufi'ed,  then  fistulose,  tough,  short,  smooth,  white  ;  gills 
decurrent,  distant,  arcuate,  white,  then  pale  flesh-colour. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  150.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866),  no.  1115. 

In  a  grass  field.     Aug.     Apethorpe. 

Pileus  of  a  very  pale  flesh-colour,  or  whitish,  at  first  umbilicate,  gills  dis- 
tant, at  first  white. 


98  AGARICINI. 

Sub- Gen.  15.     Claudopus.     Smith.  Seem.  Journal. 
Pleurotus  and  Crepidotus.     Fr.  partly. 

Spores  pink,  or  pale  lilac;  stem  lateral  or  none,  when  present 
confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  hymenophore ;  gills  sinuate 
or  decurrent. — {PL  III..,  fig.  15.) 

Hab.  On  wood  or  the  ground. 

Claudopas  corresponds  with  Pleurotus ^  only  differing  in  the  colour  of  the 
spores. —  W.  G.  S. 

271.  Agaricus  (Claudopus)  euosmus.    Berk.     "Tarragon 

Claudopus." 

Imbricated,  strong-scented.  Pileus  depressed,  shining,  and 
satiny  when  dry  ;  stem  short  or  obsolete,  confluent ;  gills  yentri- 
cose,  very  decurrent,  dingy  white  ;  spores  pinkish. — Berk.  Outl. 
p.  135.  Huss.  i.  t.  75.  Badh.  1. 11,  partly.  Ann.  N.H.  wo.  326. 

On  elm  posts,  stumps,  &c.     Spring. 

Pilei  very  much  crowded,  2  in.  or  more  across,  deeply  depressed,  unequal, 
at  first  white,  invested  with  a  light  blue  varnish,  at  length  of  a  light  brown; 
stem  distinct  above,  connate  below  ;  gills  rather  broad,  running  down  to  the 
bottom  of  the  free  portion  of  the  stem.  Spores  oblong,  narrow,  oblique,  whitish, 
tinged  with  purple.  The  whole  plant  smells  when  first  gathered  strongly  of 
tarragon.— J/.  J.  B.  (Plate  Ill.^f.  15,  reduced.) 

272.  Agaricus  (Claudopus)  variabilis.    P.    "Variable 

Claudopus." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  resupinate,  then  reflexed,  silky  with 
white  down ;  gills  radiating,  rather  crowded,  white,  then  rusty- 
red,  at  length  pale  cinnamon, — Fr.  Ep)icr.p>.  211.  Pers.  Obs.  ii.  t. 
5,/.  12.  Soiv.t.dl.  Bull.t.lb2,b81.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1666.  Eng.Fl. 
\.p. 103. 

On  sticks,  &c.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  \-l  in.  broad,  membranaceous,  at  first  hemispherical,  with  a  short 
stem,  soon  resupinate,  and  then  again  reflexed,  the  stem  becoming  quite  ob- 
solete, white,  covered  with  silky  down  ;  sometimes  there  is  no  stem  at  first, 
but  the  pileus  is  resupinate  from  the  earliest  stage  of  growth.  Spores  elliptic, 
rusty-pink.— J/.  /.  B.     Spores  '0002  X  -00013  in.—  W.  G.  S. 

21 Z.         Agaricus  (Claudopus)  depluens.    BatscJi.    "Ground 

Claudopus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  resupinate,  reflexed,  somewhat  con - 
chate,  clothed  with  white  down  behind ;  gills  broad,  crowded, 
grey,  then  reddish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  212.  Batsch.f.  122.  Pe?'s.  31. 
E.t.24c,f.6.  Ann.JSr.H.no.73. 

On  the  ground,  in  stoves,  &c.     Oct.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Whitish  when  dry. 


AGAEICINI.  99 

274.  Agaricus  (Claudopus)  byssisedus.    P.    "Little 

Claudopus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  resupiuate,  then  reflexed,  nearly  plane, 
pruinose  with  grey  down  ;  stem  incuryed  ;  gills  broad,  whitish, 
then  cinereous. — Fr.Epicr.p.'212.  Pers.Ic.  Desc.t.l^jA.  Pers, 
Obs.  ii.  t.  5,/.  8,  9.    Jnn.  N.H.  no.  Q^Q. 

On  the  ground.     Sept.     Kare. 

Sometimes  with  a  distinct  slender  stem.     Pileus  ^-1  in.  broad,  grey ,-  spores 
angulato-stellate,  in  this  respect  resembling  the  Hijjjorhodii,  '0004  in.  long,  ■ 
•00028  in.  wide. 

Sub-Gen.  16.     Leptoxia.     Fr.  S.M.  i.,  p.  201. 

Spores  salmon  colour,  irregular  in  shape  ;  pileus  less  campanu- 
late  than  Xolanea,  and  never  truly  fleshy,  cuticle  always  torn  into 
scales,  disk  umbilicate,  and  often  darker  than  margin,  which  is 
at  first  incurved  (b)  ;  stem  rigid,  with  a  cartilaginous  bark,  often 
dark  blue,  confluent  with  the  hymenophore,  but  heterogeneous 
from  it ;  gills  not  decurrent,  but  often  with  a  small  tooth  or  sinus, 
separating  from  the  stem,  variable  in  colour,  at  first  dirty  white, 
yellowish,  greenish-grey,  or  blue. — (P/.  ///.,/.  16.) 

Hab.  Dry  hills,  and  sometimes  marshy  places,  in  July  and 
August. 

Most  of  the  species  grow  in  clusters,  are  small,  and  of  an  elegant  colour  ; 
most  common  in  rainy  seasons.  Structurally  the  same  as  CoUt/bia,  and  bears 
the  same  relationship  to  ClitojiUas  as  Collyhia  to  CUtocyhe. —  W.  G.  S. 

The  small  sketch,  showing  incurved  margin  of  pileus,  is  A .  (Le^tonia) 
chalybceus,  P. 

275.  Agaricus  (Leptonia)  lampropus.     .Fr.     *'  Mouse-coloured 

Leptonia.'" 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  obtuse,  convex,  then  plane,  not  striate,  at 
length  depressed,  squamulose,  broken  up  into  flocci ;  stem  sub- 
fistulose,  even,  unspotted,  steel-violet ;  gills  adnate,  ventricose, 
whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  152.  Bull.  t.  521,/.  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  145. 

In  pastures. 

Pileus  l^^in.  across,  opaque,  not  umbilicate.  nor  papillate,  from  mouse- 
colour  to  steel-grey. 

276.  Agaricus  (Leptonia)  serrulatus.     P,     Saw-gilled 

Leptonia." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  hemispherical,  then 
expanded,  umbilicate,  sub-squamose  ;  stem  fistulose,  smooth, 
dotted  above,  black  ;  gills  adnate,  seceding,  broad,  bluish,  then 

f2 


100  AGARICINI. 

greyish,  fle«li  coloured,  edge  black,  serrulated. — Fr  Epicr.p.  153. 
Holms,  ii.  t.  38.    Bull.  t.  413,/.  1.    Ann.  N.H.  no.  146. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Wotliorpe. 

Remarkable  for  its  black  margined,  serrated  gills  ;  stem  black,  steel  blue, 
glaucous,  or  grey.     Pileus  at  first  blackish  blue. 

277.  Agaricus  (Leptonia)  euchrous.     P.     "Violet  Leptonia." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  campanulate,then  convex,  obtuse,  squamu- 
lose,  orfibrillose;  stem  stuffed, smooth,  violet;  gills  adnexed,  ven- 
tricose,  violet;  edge  darker,  entire. — Fr.  Epicr.j).  153.  Pers,  Syn. 
/?.  343.  Ann.N.H.no.m. 

On  alder  trunks. 

Pileus  violet,  scarcely  an  inch  broad  ;  stem  about  1^  in.  long,  1  line  thick, 
tough.  The  habitat  as  well  as  structure  of  this  species  is  analogous  with 
certain  species  of  Collyhia. 

278.  Agaricus  (Leptonia)  chalyboeus.     P.     "  Steel-blue 

Leptonia." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  sub-umbonate,  without  striae,  at 
first  flocculose,  then  squamulose  ;  stem  stuffed,  smooth,  blue; 
gills  emarginate,  adnexed,  broad,  ventricose,  glaucous,  dirty  white, 
edge  darker. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  153.  Sow.  i.  161.  Kromhli.  t.  2./.  11, 
16.   Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  80. 

In  pastures.     July — Sept. 

Pileus  i-1  in.  broad,  convex,  minutely  umbonate,  scaly,  dark  blue,  or  al- 
most black,  sub-carnose,  slightly  striate  on  the  margin,  flesh  dark  blue  ;  gills 
at  first  pale,  then  clouded  lightly,  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus.  Stem  1^  in. 
high,  1  line  thick,  stuffed,  at  length  hollow,  indigo  without,  dark  within, 
cearlj-  smooth  above,  downy  at  the  base.  Spores  rose-coloured,  elliptic,  with 
a  globular  nucleus. — M.  J.  B.  (PL  III.,f.  16,  small  fig.) 

279.  Agazicus  (Leptonia)  incanus.      Fr.     "  Hoary  Leptonia." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  convexo-plane,  umbilicate,  smooth, 
with  a  silky  lustre,  or  virgate,  margin  striate  ;  stem  fistulose, 
shining,  smooth,  brownish-green  ;  gills  adnate,  seceding,  broad, 
somewhat  distant,  -u  hite,  then  greenish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  154.  Sow. 
i.  162.  A.Sowerhei.Eng.Fl.y.p.^2. 

In  pastures. 

Smell  like  that  of  mice  ;  gregarious ;  pileus  about  1  in.  broad,  variegated 
brown  and  greenish;  stem  1-2  in.  long,  greenish  or  greenish  brown.  Spores 
very  irregular,  dull-yellowish,  pink,  average  diameter  '00034  in. 

(Fl.  Ill.i  f,  16,  redw^ed.) 


AGAEICIXI.  101 

280.  Agazicus  (Leptonia)  asprellus.    Fr.    •■  Rough  Leptonia." 

Pileus  somewhat  membranaceous,  convex,  then  expanded, 
striate,  hygrophanous,  with  a  darker  umbilicus,  squamuloso- 
fibrillose  ;  stem  fistulose,  slender,  smooth;  gills  adnate,  seceding, 
rather  distant,  equally  attenuated,  whitish  grey. — Fr.  Epicr.  p, 
154.  Berk.  Outl.p.  147. 

In  open  pastures.     Bristol.     Wansford. 

Pileus  at  first  dingy  or  mouse  colour,  soon  plane  and  livid  grey,  usually 
smooth,  except  in  the  centre,  1-1^  in.  broad  ;  stem  1-2  in.  long,  scarcely  1 
lin.  thick,  even,  smooth,  livid,  greenish,  or  light  blue. 

Sub-Gen.  17.     Xolaxea.     Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  204. 

Spores  salmon  colour ;  pileus  submembranaceous  (as  in  Lep- 
tonia and  Eccilia),  sub-campanulate,  and  papillose,  not  umbili- 
cate,  at  first  straight  and  pressed  to  the  stem,  not  incurved  as  in 
Leptonia ;  stem  cartilaginous,  fistulose,  sometimes  stuft'ed,  con- 
fluent with  but  heterogeneous  from  the  hymenojDhore ;  gills 
not  de current. 

Hab.  Generally  terrestrial,  growing  on  grassy  hills,  and  in 
wet  places  in  woods. — Fl.  III., Jig.  17. 

The  species  are  thin,  slender,  inodorous,  and  brittle  (but  some  very  tena- 
cious), growing  in  summer  and  autumn.  Xolanea  corresponds  with  MyceiuXy 
Galera,  PsoJhi/ra,  snidPsatkyrella. —  W.  G.  S. 

281.  Agaricus  (Nolanea)  pascuus.     P.     ■•  Pasture  Xolanea." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  conical,  then  expanded,  sub-umbonate, 
smooth,  striate,  hygrophanous,  when  dry  shining  like  silk;  stem 
fistulose,  fragile,  silky  fibrous,  striate  ;  gills  attenuated  behind, 
nearly  free,  ventricose,  crowded,  dirty  greyish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
166.^ Scha'ff.t.'22d.  Buxh.'w.t.  '21,  f.  1.  Batt.t.2o,  E.  Bolt.t. 
35.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p>.  ^\, partly. 

In  pastures.     Inodorous.  [United  States.] 

Stem  soft,  2-3  in.  long,  1-2  lin.  thick,  striate  ;  pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  some- 
times scarcely  exceeding  1  in.,  diney  when  moist,  when  dry  hoary  or  pale 
fawn-c^^lour.  Spores  irregular,  rounded,  pentagonal,  hexagonal,  &c.,  dia- 
meter from  -0003  to  "00042  in.  (PI.  III.,  f.  17,  reduced.) 

282.  Agaricus  (Nolanea)  rufo-carneus.     Berli.     ••  Eed-brown 

Xolanea.'" 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  hemispherical,  umbilicate,  indis- 
tinctly fibrilloso-srjuamulose,  red  brown  ;  margin  striate  ;  stem 
elongated,  pale  rufous,  rather  incrassated  at  the  base  ;  gills  ad- 


102  AGAEICINI. 

nate,  Tentricose,  attenuated  beliind,  sliglitly  connected  and  tra- 
versed by  veins. — Eng.Fl.  y.p.  2, p.  82.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  148. 

On  heaths.     Sept. 

Pileus  I  in.  broad,  umbilicate,  membranaceotis,  indistinctly  fibrilloso- 
squamulose,  mart^in  striate,  dark  red  brown  ;  gills  adnate,  ventricose,  waved, 
rose-coloured,  sliglitly  connected  and  traversed  by  veins ;  stem  2\  in.  high,  1 
line  thick,  curved  at  the  base,  where  it  is  slightly  thickened,  pale  rufescent, 
nearly  white  above,  fistulose,  smooth,  under  a  lens  minutely  tibrillose  ;  taste 
rather  bitter. — M.J.B. 

383.         Agaricus  (Nolanea)  rubidus.     Berk.    "  Ruddy  Nolanea." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  convex,  at  length  umbilicate,  finely 
silky ;  stem  short,  thickest  above,  solid,  minutely  silky  ;  gills 
ventricose,  adnate,  attenuated  beliind,  sometimes  sub-decurrent, 
whitish,  then  rose-coloured. — Mag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.'i.  t.  2,/.  2.  BerTc. 
Outl.  p.  155. 

In  stoves.     March.     Milton,  Norths. 

Pileus  I  in.  across,  convex,  at  length  umbilicate,  margin  sometimes 
slightly  wa\'y,  membranaceous,  finely  silky,  white  or  greyish,  acquiring  at 
length  a  pale,  ruddy  tinge  ;  gills  broad,  ventricose,  adnate,  with  frequently 
a  more  or  less  distinct  tooth,  sometimes  at  length  decurrent,  rose-coloured, 
as  well  as  the  elliptic  spores  ;  stem  lJ-2  lines  high,  thickest  above,  white 
or  greyish  like  the  pileus,  soHd,  minutely  silky ;  smell  like  new  flour. — 
M..LB.     Spores  -00018  X  -00015  in. 

284.  Agaricus  (Nolanea)  Babingtonii.    Blox.     "  Babington's 

Nolanea." 

Pileus  conico-campanulate,  cinereous,  shining  like  silk, 
adorned  with  dark  brown  sub-fasciculate  fibres,  which  are  free 
at  one  end;  stem  equal,  fistulose,  clothed  with  dark  brown  down, 
sub-strigose ;  gills  ventricose,  distant,  cinereous,  darker  at  the 
base,  adnate,  glittering  with  little  points. — Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  xiii. 
Ser.2,p.  ^OO.pI.^Y.f.  l,no.  903*. 

Rare.     Twycross.     Collyweston.        [Pennsylvania,  U.  S.] 

Pileus  scarcely  \  in.  across,  conico-campanulate,  cinereous,  shining,  with 
dark-bro-ma  silky  sub-fasciculate  hairs,  the  ends  of  which  are  free,  disc  sub- 
squamulose,  margin  straight ;  stem  about  1  in.  high,  not  1  lin.  thick,  equal, 
fistulose,  spadiceo-tomentose,  sub-strigose  ;  gills  ventricose,  distant,  cine- 
reous, darker  behind,  adnate,  glittering;  spores  oblong,  ventricose  on  the 
outer  side,  rather  irregular,  sometimes  with  a  distinct  septum. — M.  J.  B. 

285.  Agaricus  (Nolanea)  junceus.     Fr.     "Rush-stemmed 

Nolanea." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  conical,  then  expanded,  radiato-striate, 
shining,  hygrophanous,  disc  umbilicate,  sub-squamulose ;  stem 
fistulose,  slender,  smooth,  brown;    gills   adnexed,  seceding,  as- 


AGAEICINI.  103 

cencling,  obovate,  somewhat  distant,  grey-brown,  then  purplish. 
—Fr.  Ep.p.  156.  B.  ^-Br.Ann.N.H.  (1866j,7io.  1116. 

In  a  wood.     Oct.     Caernarvonshire. 

St?m  slender,  3  in.  long,  smooth,  brown,  then  livid-brown.  Pileus  very 
obtuse,  about  1  in.  broad,  dingy  when  fresh,  livid  when  dry. 

Sub- Gen.  18.     Eccilia.     Fr.  S.  M.,  i.  p.  207. 

Spores  salmon-colour ;  pileus  generally  umbilicate,  disc  homo- 
geneois,  margin  at  first  incurved,  as  in  Leptonia ;  stem  hollow, 
conflU''nt  with  but  heterogeneous  from  the  hymenophore  ;  gills 
truly  cecurrent.— (P/.  I  I  I., fig.  18.) 

Corre.'ponds  with  Ompliolm.  The  species  fissured  is  Ago/rlca^  (Eccilio.) 
Po.rkenS'i,  Fr.,  for  specimens  of  which  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  C  E.  Broome. 
Averagesize  of  spores  '00027  in. —  W.  G.  S. 

286.  Agaricus  (Eccilia)  carneo-griseus.    B,  S;  Br.    "  Flesh - 

grey  Eccilia." 

PileiB  umbilicate,  greyish-flesh  colour,  finely  striate,  margin 
darkened  with  micaceous  particles  ;  stem  slender,  shining,  smooth, 
of  the  s;me  colour,  -.vhitish  tomentose  at  the  base, hollow  upwards; 
gills  disant,  adnato-decurrent, sub-undulate, rosy, margin  irregu- 
larly da-kened.—  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1865),  no.  1001,  pi.  xiii. 
fig-'^' 

Amoigst  fir  leaves.     Aug.     Aboyne,  Aberdeenshire. 

Spores  rregular,  rose-coloured.  Its  closest  ally  is  A.  atrides,  from  which 
it  differs  n  the  smooth  stem,  delicate  colour,  &c. — B.  <£•  Br. 

287.  Agaricus   (Eccilia)  Paxkensis.     Fr.     '"  UmbOicate 

Eccilia." 

Pleus  membranaceous,  plano-convex,  strongly  umbilicate,  quite 
smo'th,  brown  when  moist,  blackish  when  dry ;  stem  fistulose, 
shor,  attenuated  downwards,  smooth,  brown ;  gills  decurrent, 
crowded,  whitish,  then  dingy  flesh  colour. — Fr.  Monogr.p.  301. 

Ii  grassy  places.     Elmhurst. 

Pilus  scarcely  an  inch  broad,  striate  to  the  middle,  not  hygrophanous ; 
stemhort,  scarcely  1  in.  (PI.  III.,  jig.  18.^ 

288.  Agaricus  (Eccilia)  rhodocylis.     Lasch.     "Roseate 

Eccilia." 

PIbus  membranaceous,  rugulose,floccose,  soft,  umbilicate,  then 
infunlibuliform  ;  stem  stuffed,  slender,  incurved,  even,  smooth ; 
gills  trongly  decurrent,  distant,  thick,  whitish. — Ann.  Nat.  Hist. 
no.  9(1.    Fr.  Epicr.  p.  160. 


104 


AGAEICINI. 


On  rotten  wood. 


Stem  stuffed,  scarcely  an  inch  long,  ^  line  thick,  cinereous.  Pileus  ^in. 
broad,  liygrophanous,  when  moist  remotely  striate  and  brownish,  when  dry 
flocculose  and  grey.  Just  the  habit  of  A.  umhelUferus,  its  analogue  amoagst 
the  Leucos^orL 


Series  III.     Dermini,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  160. 

Spores  yarions  shades  of  reddish-brown,  brown,  red,  or 
yellowish-brown. 

In  the  Derraird  there  are  no  species  with  the  hymenophore  free  .Tom  the 
stem,  neither  are  any  furnished  with  a  volva,  unless,  indeed,  a  trae  of  such 
species  is  indicated  in  the  genus  Cortiiiaroxs  (for  Corfinarias  is  3ertainly 
allied  to  Phollofa  and  Heheloma),  where  many  of  the  species  have  ai  adnata 
volva  and  arachnoid  ring. —  W.G.  S. 

Sub-Gen.  19.     Pholiota.     Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  240.  (/^  19.) 

Spores  sepia-brown,  bright  yellowish-brown,  or  light  rd;  stem 
confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  hymenophore,  firnished 
with  a  ring,  persistent,  friable,  fugacious.  j 

Hab.  All  the  British  species  grow  on  stumps  ex«pt  five, 
which  grow  on  the  ground,  principally  in  damp,  mossy  jlaces. — 

{PLIV.^frj.VJ.) 

A  few  species  are  said  to  be  edible,  but  they  cannot  be  reconmended. 
Pholiota  is  analogous  to  Annillaria  and  t^trop]iar!.a.  There  is  som?  dinger 
of  confusing  Pholwtoe  with  CortinaHi,  but  attention  must  be  paid  b  the 
spidery  veil  and  the  rust-of-iron  tint  of  the  spores  in  the  latter. —  TF.  GS. 

A.     Humigenei — Terrestrial. 
289.         Agairicus  (Pholiota)  durus.     Bolt.     "  Hard  Pholiota" 

Pileus  sub-compact,  convexo-plane,  smooth,  at  length  craaed  ; 
margin  even ;  stem  stuffed,  hard,  externally  fibrous,  rther 
thickened  upwards  and  mealy  ;  ring  slightly  torn  ;  gills  aaiate 
(often  with  a  tooth),  ventricose,  liyid,  then  of  a  brown  rust 
colour. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  162.  Bolt.  t.  67,/.  1.  Krojnbh.  t.i8,f. 
14,  22.  Ann.  N,  H.  No.  2>21 . 

In  gardens.  [Cincinnati. 

Pileus  pale,  tawny,  or  brownish  tan,  3  in.  or  more  broad,  stem  sually 
short,  about  \  an  in.  thick  ;  spores  -00035  X  '00024  in. 


Series  3.     DEB.MZNI. — Spores  Brown. 
*   Hymenopliore   distinct   from   the   fleshy   Stem. 


PI.  iv. 


**  Hymenophore  confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  fleshy  Stem. 


19  ,  PHQ  LIOTH 


2I.FLH/A/AULH 


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22.CRePID0TUS. 


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Hymenophore  confluent  with,  hut  heterogeneous  from  the  cartilaginous  Stem 


23.  ^J;\UC0R1R 


WG.S   ADNftT  D€L. 


(  25.  TUBmRIH.J 


o 


0 

o 


AGARICINI.  105 

290.  Agaiicus  (Pholiota)  praecox.     P.  "  Spring  Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  at  length  smooth, 
even ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  cylindrical,  pubescent  or  mealy, 
at  length  smooth,  white  as  well  as  the  ring ;  gills  emarginate, 
adnexed,  crowded,  white,  then  brownish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  162. 
Sch(eff.  t.  217.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  8/  1.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  107.  Krombh. 
t.6D,f.  11-16.  Letell.t.  60S. 

In  gardens  and  pastures.     Spring.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  about  2  in.  across,  very  flesliy,  flesh  firm,  white  or  pale  buff,  watery 
near  the  gills,  cuticle  when  moist  subviscid,  when  dry  resembling  white  kid 
leather,  retaining  the  impression  of  the  fingers,  somewhat  te-selated,  yel- 
lowish or  pale  tawny.  Gills  adnexed  or  subadnate,  moderately  broad,  not 
ventricose,  slightly  hollowed  out  behind  with  a  sub-decurrent  tooth,  pale 
brownish  purple,  edge  white  or  yellowish;  stem  l|-3  in.  high,  2-3  lines 
thick,  sub-flesuous,  equal  or  sub-bulbous,  solid,  but  sometimes  decidedly 
hollow,  juicy,  white,  or  faintly  shadel  with  buff,  fibrillose,  under  a  lens 
sub-pubescent,  ring  near  the  top  deflexed  and  striate,  or  attached  in  frag- 
ments to  the  edge  of  the  pileus;  root  strong,  white,  branched. — M.J.B. 
Spores  "OOOSl  X  •0002,  sometimes  inclined  to  be  irregular  in  shape  as  in 
some  Hyporhodii. 

B.      Truncigenei — on  wood,  sub-c^spitose. 

291.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  radicosus.    Bull.     "  Eooting 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  equal,  obtuse,  even,  smooth,  spotted ;  stem 
solid,  rooting  ;  above  the  distant  ring  mealy,  below  concentrically 
squamulose  ;  gills  free,  ventricose,  pallid,  then  reddish  brown. 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  163.  Bull.  t.  160.  Krombh.  t.  62  f.  6-10.  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
p.  90. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  3  in.  or  more  broad,  convex,  fleshy,  the  whole  covered  at  first  with 
a  slimy  web  which  leaves  behind  broad  adpressed  scales  on  the  stem  and 
pileus,  besides  these  there  are  many  fine  close  silky  scales,  pallid  ochre,  mar- 
gin downy,  involute  ;  gills  incarnato-ferruginous,  pale,  adnate,  nearly  hori- 
zontal, minutely  serrulate;  stem  4  in.  high,  1  in.  thick,  deeply  rooting,  firm, 
solid,  white  within,  ring  thick,  sub-erect,  beneath  the  slimy  coat  silky  and 
furfaraceous,  above  the  ring  pruinose.  Odour  of  prussic  acid ;  taste  soon 
disagreeable. — M.J.  B.  Spores  "00034  X  'OOOlZin.,  oval,  with  an  apiculusat 
one  end,  somewhat  irregular  in  shape. 

292.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  pudicus.  5/tZ^.    "  Modest  Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  even,  dry, 
smooth  ;  stem  solid,  sub-equal,  even  ;  ring  spreading,  persis- 
tent ;  gills  rounded  behind,  adnate,  ventricose,  whitish ,  then 
tawny.— i^r.  Epicr.  p.  161.  Bull.  t.  bdl ,  f.  2.  JR.  S.  and  L.  0. 
Huss.  ii.  t.  31.  Batt.  t.  S,  A.  Letell.  t.  664:. 

F   5 


106  AGARICINI. 

On  elder  triinks,  &c.,  and  on  the  ground.    Esculent. 

Pileus  sometimes  rivulose,  dirty  white,  simple,  or  csespitose.  Stem  ex- 
centric,  curved  at  the  base  ;  spores  "0002  X '00032  in. 

293.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  leochiroxnus.  Cooke.     "Tawny 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  at  length  depressed,  soft,  smooth, 
not  shinmg  ;  stem  solid,  nearly  equal,  even ;  ring  persistent, 
tawny ;  gills  rounded,  adnate,  slightly  ventricose,  pallid,  then 
cinnamon-coloured ;  spores  profuse. — Seem.  Journ.  Bot.  No.  3 
(1863),  t.  3,  /.  3.  Ann.  N.  H.  1865. 

On  stumps,  &c.    Esculent. 

Caespitose  ;  pileus  2-3  in.,  bright  tawny,  paler  (whitish)  at  the  margin, 
generally  rivulose  from  the  cracking  of  the  cuticle  ;  stem  3-4  in.,  slender, 
solid,  fibrous,  internally  amber-brown  at  the  base,  externally  paler,  white 
above,  nearly  equal,  smooth,  shining.  Allied  to  A.^iucUcus  and  A.  capistratiis, 
but  differing  in  habit  and  structure  from  both.  Found  at  Millfield-lane, 
Highgate,  plentifully  in  the  autumn  of  1862  and  1863.  Since  met  with 
by  W.  G.  Smith  in  other  localities,  (PL  I-^fig.  2.) 

294.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  capistratus.     Cooke.   "  Ru fifed 

Pholiota.' 

Pileus  fleshy,  couYcx,  somewhat  viscid,  margin  involute,  slightly 
striate ;  stem  nearly  equal,  stuffed,  thick,  subsquamulose  ;  ring 
spreading,  persistent;  gills  decurrent,  pallid,  growing  darker. — 
Seem.  Journ.  Bot.  No.  3  (1863  j,  t.  3,/.  4.  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  (1865.) 

On  old  stumps,  elm,  &c.     Highgate. 

Subcsespitose.  Pileus  2-3  in.,  livid,  tawny,  rather  viscid  when  moist, 
whitish  when  dry,  margin  folded  inwards  and  obscurely  striate ;  stem  3-4  in. 
thick,  nearly  equal ;  ring  large  and  entire,  spreading,  and  persistent ;  gills 
rather  fleshy,  crowded,  decurrent,  pallid.  Taste  rather  unpleasant.  Dis- 
tinguished from  A.  'padicm^ndi  A.  cyliudraceus  by  its  decurrent  gills,  its  more 
robust  habit,  and  the  folding  in  of  the  margin  of  the  pileus.  (PI.  \fig'  \.) 
This  species  is  stated  to  be  edible  by  Mr.  .T.  A.  Clark,  who  found  it  at  Street, 
Somerset;  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith,  who  has  found  it  in  several  places ,  says  the 
spores  are  the  same  in  size  and  colour  as  the  last. 

295.  Agaxicus  (Pholiota)  heteroclitus.     Fr.  "Bulbous- 

stemmed  Pholiota." 

Compact.  Pileus  plano-convex,  then  expanded,  very  obtuse, 
rather  excentric,  marked  with  scattered,  innate,  adpressed  scales  ; 
stem  solid,  short,  bulbous  at  the  base,  fibrillose,  white ;  gills 
rounded,  adnexed,  very  broad,  at  first  pallid,  then  ferruginous. 
— Fr.  Ep icr.]).  16d.     Gard.  Cliron.   1 8 6 8 ,  ^9 .  1 1 1 3 . 

On  poplar.     Bromley. 


AGARICINI.  107 

Odour  strong  and  pungent.  Pileus  whitish  or  yellowish,  broken  up  into 
scales,  sometimes  smooth  if  dry,  viscid  when  moist,  disc  piano-truncate  j 
stem  within  at  the  base  of  a  rhubarb  colour,  ring  fugacious,  appendiculate. 

296.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  comosus.     Fr.     '•  Hairy  Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  obtuse,  viscid,  sprinkled  with  evanescent, 
superficial,  floccose  scales  ;  stem  solid,  slightly  bulbous,  white, 
as  well  as  the  evanescent,  floccose  ring  ;  gills  rather  decurrent, 
quite  entire,  white,  becoming  of  a  brownish  clay  colour. — Fr.  Epicr, 
p.  165,  Bolt.  t.  42. 

On  trunks. 

Pileus  3  in.  broad,  brownish,  with  the  scales  paler.   Flesh  compact,  white. 

297.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  squairosus.     JMiill,     "  Scaly 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  convex,  then  expanded,  dry  ;  stem 
stuffed,  attenuated  at  the  base,  squarrose,  as  well  as  the  pileus, 
with  crowded  darker,  innate,  revolute  scales ;  gills  sub-decurrent, 
crowded,  narrow,  pallid,  olivaceous,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  166.  Bull.t.26Q.  ScJicFf.t.61.  Sow.t.284..  Grev.t.2.  Huss. 
i.t.8.    Eng.  Fl.Y.p.91.    var.  Mulleri.     Saund.  ^  Sm.  i.  18,/.  1. 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Csespitose.  Pileus  2-5  in.  across,  firm,  convex,  expanded,  obtusely  um- 
bonate,  tawny-yellow,  clothed  with  rich  brown  scales,  flesh  yellow  near  the 
surface  ;  gills  at  first  yellowish,  then  pale-olive,  changing  to  ferruginous, 
broad,  rounded  behind,  and  adnate  or  sub-decurrent.  Stem  3-7  in.  high,  ^-1 
in.  thick,  at  first  pale,  then  croceo-ferruginous,  solid,  pithy  in  the  centre, 
equal,  or  attenuated  at  the  base  from  the  tufted  mode  of  growth,  fibrillose 
and  squarrose,  with  reflexed  scales,  above  the  ring  very  pale  yellow  and 
smooth.  Ring  near  the  apex,  radiato-floccose,  rich  brown,  inclining  to  orange. 
Odour  disagreeable.  -  M.  J.  B.     Spores  •00022  X  '00017  in.     (PL  I V.,  fig.  19.; 

298.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  aurivellus.     Batscli.    "Golden 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  convex,  gibbous,  slightly 
viscid,  variegated  with  darker,  adpressed  scales ;  stem  stuffed, 
nearly  equal,  curved,  clad  with  scattered,  adpressed,  floccose,  fer- 
ruginous-brown scales  ;  ring  rather  distant ;  gills  sinuated  be- 
hind, fixed,  white,  straw-coloured,  then  ferruginous-umber. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  165.  Fl.  Boruss.  t.  386.  Batsch.  f.  115.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 
2074.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  91.    Ann.  N.II.  no.  680*.  Saund.  ^'  Sm.  t.  9. 

On  trimks  of  trees.     Eare.  [S.Carolina.] 

Generally  solitary,  Pileus  tawny,  3  in.  across,  when  young  hemispherical, 
at  length  expanded ;  gills  fixed,  very  broad,  plane,  pallid  olive,  at  length 
ferruginous;  stem  hard,  abrupt,  various  in  length,  incurved,  sub-bulbous, 
whitish,  within  rhubarb-coloured  at  the  base,  veiled  at  the  very  apex.— i^ri'es. 


108  AGARICINI. 

299.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  adiposus.    Fr,    "Pine-apple 

Pholiota." 

Pileiis  compact,  convex,  then  plane,  obtuse,  glutinous ;  stem 
stuffed,  somewhat  bulbous,  yellow,  squarrose  as  well  as  thepileus 
with  superficial,  evanescent,  darker,  concentric  scales;  gills  ad- 
nate,  broad,  yellow,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.j).  166.  Berk. 
Outl.  t.  8,  f.  2.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2078.  Krombh.  t.  3,/.  1.  Batsch.f. 
31.    Eng.yi.y.jJ.  91. 

On  beech  and  ash  trunks.  [Cincinnati.] 

Extremely  beautiful,  growing-  in  large  tufts,  coloured  like  a  ripe  pine- 
apple. Pileus  convex,  firm,  fleshy,  margin  thin,  of  a  beautiful  tawny,  very 
viscid,  smooth  and  shining,  with  a  few  superficial  darker  scales  j  remains  of 
the  woven  ring  attached  to  the  margin.  Gills  broad,  rounded  behind,  and 
adnate  with  a  tooth,  ferruginous,  edge  white.  Stem  equal,  scarcely  thick- 
ened at  the  base,  solid,  firm,  brown  below,  yellowish  above,  with  tawny,  ad- 
pressed  scales,  near  the  apex  whiter  and  more  silky. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  "00029 
X  -00021  in. 

300.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  spectabilis.     Fr.     "Orange 

Pholiota."' 

Pileus  compact,  convex,  then  plane,  dry,  cuticle  torn  into  fi- 
brous or  silky  scales  ;  stem  solid,  ventricose,  somewhat  rooting  ; 
gills  adnato-decurrent,  crowded,  narrow,  yellow,  then  ferru- 
ginous.— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  166.  Bull.  t.  92.  Krombh.  t.  3,/.  3.  Ann. 
N.  H.  no.  904*.  Sow.  t.  77.  Huss.  i.  t.  71.  A.  aureus^  Eng.  Fl.  y. 
p.  90.    Berh.  Outl. p.  140. 

On  dead  stumps. 

Subesespitose.  Pileus  4  in.  or  more  broad,  convexo-expanded,  rich  tawny, 
with  broad,  adpresred,  silky  scales  in  the  centre,  which  towards  the  margin 
become  mere  streaks,  fleshy  ;  flesh  pale  yellow  ,•  gills  at  length  tawny  fer- 
ruginous, adnexed,  rounded  behind,  or  decurrent  ;  stem  4  in.  high,  1  in.  or 
more  thick,  solid,  tough,  and  spongy,  the  centre  a  little  looser,  thickened 
downwards  and  bulbous,  with  a  small  (sometimes  rather  large)  deflexed, 
rather  thick  ring  neir  the  top,  which  is  densely  powdered  with  the  spores, 
under  the  gills  minutely  squamulose,  below  fibrillose,  the  fibrillae  close,  paler 
than  the  pileus.  rhubarb-coloured  within  j  root  a  few  downy  fibres  ;  taste 
bitter.— J/.  J.B.     Spores  '0003  X  '0002  in. 

301.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  flammans.     Fr.    "  Yellow  scaly 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  somewhat  umbonate,  dry, 
clothed  with  superficial,  hairy,  paler  scales ;  stem  stuffed,  then 
hollow,  equal,  rather  flexuose,  squamoso-squarrose,  ring  entire, 
yellow,  as  well  as  the  fixed,  crowded,  quite  entire  gills. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  167.     E?ig.Fl.Y.p.d2. 

In  pine  woods.     Sept.     Oct. 


AGAEICINl.  109 

Taste  bitter.  Pileus  li-3  in.  broad,  margin  at  first  inflesed,  then  repand, 
scales  concentric,  yellow,  scarcely  innate  j  ^lls  rather  thin,  close,  adnata, 
without  a  tooth,  at  length  ferruginous  ;  stem  3  in.  high,  2-3  lines  thick, 
stuffed,  at  length  hollow,  yellow  ;  ring  entire,  close  to  the  gills. — Fries. 

302.  Agaxicus  (Pholiota)  Junonius.     Fr.     "Beautiful 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  when  dry  smooth ;  stem 
solid,  equal,  incurved,  even,  furfuraceous  above  the  ring ;  gills 
adnate,  crowded,  yellow,  then  tawny. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  1G7.  Sv.  Bot. 
t.  584.  Saund.  ^  Sm.  t.  18,/.  2. 

On  trunks.     Oct.     Highgate. — M.C.C. 

Single,  or  in  small  tufts,  of  a  beautiful  deep  brownish-orange,  minutely 
fibrillose  when  moist,  smooth  when  dry;  gills  at  first  yellow,  then  of  a  deep 
cinnamoQ-brown;  spores  nearly  ferruginous.  Fries,  to  whom  a  drawing  of 
our  specimens  was  submitted,  refers  them  without  doubt  to  this  species,  which 
he  describes  as  rare  everywhere.  Spores  oval,  or  with  an  apiculus  at  one 
end,  -00027  X  'OuOlZ  in. 

303.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  mutabilis.     Schceff.     "Changeable 

Pholiota. ■■ 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  smooth,  becoming  pale; 
margin  thin ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  rigid,  rough  with  scales, 
dark-brown  at  the  base  ;  gills  adnato-decurrent,  crowded,  pallid, 
then  cinnamon  colour. — Fr.Epicr. p. 169.  Schceff.  t.  9.  Lenz.f.2^). 
Kromhh.  t.  73,/.  l-9a.  Bull.  t.  513,  0.  P.  R.  Badli.  i.  1. 16,/  4a. 
Gonn.  ^'  Puibh.  iy.  t.  6.  Price, f.  123.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  8,/  3.  Eng. 
Fl.  y.  p.  92.    Huss.  ii.  t.  27. 

On  trunks,  especially  lime  stumps,  or  on  the  ground.  Esculent. 

[United  States.] 

Csespitose.  Pileus  expanded,  obtuse,  cinnamon,  becoming  pale  when  dry  ; 
centre  of  the  pileus  at  length  bright  tawny,  quite  smooth,  the  margin  thin 
transparent,  flesh  white;  gills  broad,  rounded  behind,  or  sub-decurrent,  pale 
umber;  stem  slender,  fistulose,  dark-brown,  smooth  above,  or  minutely  pul- 
verulent, and  pale. below squamulose,  ringwoven,  sub-erect.— J/./. 5.  Spores 
•00045  X  -00025  in. 

304.  Agaxicus  (Pholiota)  mazginatus .    BatscJi.     "Marginate 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  smooth,  moist, 
hygrophanous  ;  margin  striate ;  stem  fistulose,  soft,  not  scaly, 
pruinose  above  the  fugacious  ring,  base  darker,  clothed  with 
whitish  velvety  down ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  watery-cinnamon 
coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  168.  Batsch.f.  207  (208  var.)  Krornhh. 
«.73,/5-6. 


110  AGAEICINl. 

On  tlie  ground  amongst  firs. 

Solitary  or  gregarious,  rarely  cgespitose.  Stem  about  2  in.  long,  1-2  lines 
thick;  pileus  when  moist  honey-coloured,  when  dry  tan-coloured,  ring  1-2 
lines  distant  from  the  apex  of  the  stem, 

C.     Muscigenei — growing  on  moss,  &c. 

305.  Agaxicus  (Pholiota)  pumilus.    Fr.    "  Little  Pholiota." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  hemispherical,  obtuse,  even  ;  stem 
fistulose,  slender,  sub-fibrillose  ;  ring  collar-like,  rather  fugacious ; 
gills  adnate,  crowded,  broad,  pallid-yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr. p. 170. 

In  woods.     October.     Rare. 

Pileus  only  a  few  lines  broad,  yellowish ;  stem  1-lJ  in.  long ;  1-1|  line 
thick. 

306.  Agaricus  (Pholiota)  mycenoides.     Fr,    "Delicate 

Pholiota." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  then, convex,  deeply  stri- 
ate, hygrojDhanous ;  stem  fistulose,  slender,  ferruginous,  smooth 
as  well  as  the  pileus  ;  ring  membranaceous,  white  ;  gills  adnate, 
rather  distant,  ferruginous. — F?\  Epicr. p.  170.  A.  mesodactylus. 
B.^Br.Ann.N.H.  Ser.2,'ii.p.  261,  i.  9,/.  \,p.  400,  tio.  681. 

On  the  ground,  in  damp  dells.     Oct.     Rare. 

"My  plant  has  a  white  stem,  but  Fries  considers  it  the  same  with  his  A. 
Tnycenoides.  Pileus  \^  in.  broad,  obtusely  conical,  with  the  margin  expanded, 
hygrophanous,  pale  tawny,  slightly  fleshy  in  the  centre,  margin  striate ;  stem 
flexuous,  2.J  in.  high,  2  lines  thick,  white,  nearly  smooth  above  and  below  the 
ring,  sometimes  showing  a  vinous  stain  where  bruised,  nearly  equal,  fistulose. 
Eing  central,  expanded,  quite  entire,  deeply  striate  within  ;  gills  moderately 
broad,  slightly  ventricose,  ascending,  affixed."— J/./. ^. 

307.  Agazicus  (Pholiota)  Leveillianus.    D.  ^' M.    "Leveille's 

Pholiota." 

Hard,  fleshy,  thin,  convex,  umbonate,  clothed  with  a  glutinous, 
dark  brown,  opaque  pellicle,  at  length  wrinkled,  and  paler  when 
dry  ;  stem  hollow,  nearly  equal,  fibrilloso-squamose  below  the 
ring,  white,  with  a  reddish  tinge  ;  gills  broad,  adnate,  decurrent, 
white,  th'cn  pink,  at  length  rufous. — Berk.  Outl.p.  152.  A.jeco- 
riiius.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  Ser.  2,  ii.^.  260,  no.  328. 

On  soil  about  beech  trees.     Aug.     Rushton,  Norths. 

Fasciculate  or  gregarious.  About  1^-2  in.  across,  hemispherical,  at  length 
expanded,  quite  smooth  and  even,  at  first  clothed  with  a  viscid  pellicle,  at 
length  slightly  wrinkled,  somewhat  fleshy,  dark  bro^vn,  paler  when  dry ; 
stem  2V  in.  high,  j  in.  thick,  incrassated,  below  umber,  dark  brown  at  the 
base,  flbrillose,  stufi'ed,  at  length  hollow.      Ring  near  the  top  persistent, 


AGAEICIXl.  Ill 

mostly  deflesed ;  stem  abo^e  fhe  ring  paler,  fibrillose ;  gills  umber,  witb  a 
rosy  tinge,  adnate,  with  a  decurrent  tooth,  rather  distant ;  spores  brownish. 
—J/.  /.  B.  Allied  to  A.  pudicus,  &c.,  but  distinct  in  its  very  dark  head,  and 
umber  adnato-decurrent  gills.  Taste  like  that  of  the  common  mushroom, 
with  a  slight  acidity. 

Sub-Gen.  20.     HEBELOiiA.      Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  249. 

(Including  Inocyhe.     Fr.  Mon.  Hym.) 

Spores  for  the  most  part  clay-coloured,  or  in  Inocyhe  ferruginous 
brown ;  veil  of  a  different  texture  from  the  pellicle  of  the  pileus, 
or  in  Inocyhe  homogeneous  with  the  fibres  of  the  pileus  ;  pileus 
fleshy,  pelliculose,  damp,  subviscid,  or  (in //loc^Je)  fibrous  ;  stem 
confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  hymenophore,  fleshy- 
fibrous,  ringless  ;  gills  sinuato-adnate. 

Hab.  All  terrestrial.     {PL  IV.,  f.  20.) 

All  the  species  are  gregarious,  and  many  so  similar  in  appearance  as  to  be 
with  difficulty  distinguished  from  each  other.  Some  are  scentless,  several 
smell  like  rotten  pears,  and  many  have  a  disgusting  odour  and  are  poisonous  ; 
none  are  esculent.  Fries,  in  his  '  Monographia  Hymenomycetum  Suecise,' 
has  introduced  a  new  sub-genus  a.her  Reheloma,  which  he  names  Inocyhe,  dis- 
tinguished b7  the  pileus  being  silky -fibrous,  and  having  a  few  other  unimpor- 
tant characters  ',  but  such  characters  seeming  insufficient,  we  have  preferred 
to  adhere  to  the  views  expressed  in  the  '  Epicrisis,'  and  to  retain  Inocyhe  as  a 
section  of  Heheloma. —  W.  G.  S. 

A.     Hymexocybe. 
Sect.  1.     Veiled,  odour  mild, 

308.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  punctatus.    Fr.     "Punctate 

Hebeloma,"' 

Pileus  fleshy,  nearly  plane,  silky,  becoming  smooth,  disc  dotted 
with  darker  papillae;  stem  hollow,  equal,  fibrillose,  silky,  grow- 
ing pale,  whitish-pruinose  above  ;  gills  arcuate,  fixed,  narrow, 
pallid,  ferruginous,  or  bay-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  179.  Ann.  Nat. 
Hist.  no.  906, 

In  pine  woods.     Sept,     Near  Gainsborough. 

Pileus  1-2  in,  broad,  at  first  convex,  soon  becoming  flattened,  disc  obtuse 
and  swollen,  umber  about  the  centre,  at  length  depressed ;  stem 2-4  in.  high, 
2-4  lines  thick, 

309.  Agazicus  (Hebeloma)  veirsipellis.     Fr.     "Changeable 

Hebeloma," 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  disc  viscid,  with  a  tenacious 
gluten,  beyond  this  silky-agglutinate,  then  smooth  ;  stemfistu- 
lose,  tough,  whitish  and   silky,  pruinose   above  ;  gills  rounded, 


112  AGATIICINI. 

crowded,  broad,  whitisTi,  flesh-coloured,  tlien  clay-coloured. — 
Fr.Epicr. p.  179.  Ann.N.H.no.  907. 

In  grassy  places,  amongst  fir  leaves. 

Silky,  with  an  evanescent  fibrillose  veil,  stem  fibrilloso-striate,  brownisli 
internally  ;  pileus  thin,  sub-punctate,  regular,  at  length  repand,  dry,  tan- 
coloured  and  opaque  ;  odour  faint,  not  unpleasant. 

310.  Agaricus    (Hebeloma)  xnesophaeus.      Pers.      "Pine 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  conical,  convex,  then  plane,  equal,  even, 
with  a  viscid  disc  ;  stem  sub-fistulose,  equal,  slender,  fibrillose, 
white,  then  ferruginous,  pruinose  above ;  gills  emarginate, 
crowded,  thin,  clay-coloured  or  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  179. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  908. 

In  pine  woods. 

Stem  tough,  2-3  in.  long,  2  lines  thick,  veil  fugacious  ;  pileus  about  1  in., 
ash-coloured  or  pallid,  rarely  fibrillose  at  the  margin;  gills  entire,  and  of  one 
colour. 

Sect.  2.     Odour  nauseous. 

311.  Agaricus    (Hebeloma)   sinapizans.      Fr.      "Clayey 

Hebeloina." 

Pileus  compact,  convexo-plane,  sub-repand,  even,  smooth, 
slightly  viscid,  stem  nearly  solid,  stout,  equal,  fibrilloso-striate, 
whitish,  apex  squamose  ;  gills  deeply  emarginate,  broad,  dry, 
crowded,  quite  entire,  clay-coloured  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
180.  Paul.  t.  82.   Saund.  |  Sm.  t.  2. 

In  moist  woods. 

Pileus  clay-coloured  or  grey,  3-5  in.  or  more  broad  ;  flesh  white  j  stem  3-5 
in.  long,  1  in.  thick. 

312.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  crustuliniformis.     Bull.     "King 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  sub-repand,  smooth,  slightly 
viscid,  stem  stuffed,  firm,  rather  bulbous,  flocculoso-squamose, 
whitish  ;  gills  adnexed,  crowded,  thin,  whitish,  then  watery  cin- 
namon; edge  crenulate,  guttate. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  180.  Bull.  t.  308, 
5-46.  Batsch.f.  195.  Batt.  t.  47.  Paul.  t.  52.  Berk.  Outl.p.  9,/.  1. 
Krombh.  62,  f.  3-5.  S?mth.  P.M./.  24. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Forming  large  rings  ;  pileus  whitish,  pallid,  or  tan-coloured,  with  the  disc 
flesh-coloured  or  brick-red,  variable  in  size  and  in  length  of  the  stem. — Spores 
pip-shaped,  -00035  K  '00023  in. 


AGARICINI.  113 

313.  Agaxicus   (Hebelonxa)  fastibilis.      Fr.      "  Ochrey 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  compact,  convexo-plane,  repand,  obtuse,  viscid,  smooth; 
stem  solid,  firm,  sub-bulbous,  white,  fibroso-squamose  ;  veil  evi- 
dent; gills  emarginate,  rather  distant;  pallid,  whitish,  then 
clay-coloured  or  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  178.  Schceff.  t.  221. 
Batt.  1. 15,  D.  Paul.  t.  bS,f.  2.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  94  (partly.)  Ann. 
N.H.no.  905. 

In  woods.     July — Oct.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Densely  gregarious  or  solitary  ;  pileus  1-3  in.  broad,  viscid,  moist,  or  dry, 
very  fleshy,  sometimes  only  sub-carnose,  sub-hemisplierical,  sometimes 
rugoso-plicate,  in  large  specimens  ocbraceous,  with  a  rufous  tinge,  margin 
pale,  involute  and  downy  ;  gills  broad,  edges  often  lachrymose,  ventricose, 
adnexed,  emarginate  or  adnate,  rather  irregular,  sub-argillaceous  or  cinna- 
mon ;  stem  2-4|  in.  high,  2  lines-1  in.  thick,  sub-bulbous,  or  nearly  equal, 
somewhat  rooting,  clothed  with  scattered  fibrillose  scales,  especially  towards 
the  apex,  often  twisted  ;  at  length  hollow  j  odour  disagreeable,  somewhat  re- 
sembling cherry-laurel  flowers. — M.J.B.  Spores  pip-shaped  "OOOi  X  '0003 
in.  (Fl.  IV.,  f.  20.) 

314.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  testaceus.    Batsck.     '-Brick-red 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  convex,  obtuse,  even,  rather  viscid; 
stem  hollow,  rather  bulbous,  flocculose  or  fibrillose,  pallid,  mealy- 
above  ;  gills  attenuated,  nearly  free,  lanceolate,  crowded,  ascend- 
ing, pale,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  178.  Batsch.f.  198. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  about  1|  in.  broad,  pale  brick-red,  ocbraceous,  or  tan-coloured ; 
stem  3  in.  long,  3  lines  thick,  pallid,  sprinkled  above,  with  a  whitish  meal. 

Sect.  3.     Veil  and  odour  none. 

315.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)   longicaudus.     P.     '•  Long- 

stemmed  Hebeloma."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  even,  smooth,  viscid; 
stem  almost  hollow,  fragile,  nearly  equal,  white,  mealy  above ; 
gills  emarginate,  crowded,  serrulated,  dry,  pale  clay-coloured. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  181.  Batt.  t.  21  J.  F.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  9,/.  2. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  pale  li-2  in.  broad ;  stem  4  in.  long,  3-4  lines  thick,  white,  farina- 
ceous above  j  flesh  soft,  watery  ;  odour  faint,  not  unpleasant.  Spores  '0004 
X  -00025  in. 


114  AGAEICINI. 

B.     IxocYBE. — Cuticle  fibrous,  dry. 

Sect.  1.     Squarrosi — pileus  squarrose. 

316.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  relicinus.      Fr.     "  Moss  Hebe- 

loraa." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  conical,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  squarrose, 
with  tomentose  scales,  stem  solid,  soft,  equal,  floccoso-squamose; 
gills  adnexed,  crowded,  yellow,  then  olivaceous. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
171.  Enff.Fl.y.p.de. 

In  marshy  fir  woods,  amongst  Sphagnum. 

Gregarious  ;  pileus  1  in.  across,  at  first  conic  obtuse,  4  lines  high,  then 
expanded ;  gills  close,  alternate,  at  length  dingy-oHve  ;  stem  2  in.  high, 
2  lines  thick. — Fries. 

317.  Agazicus  (Hebeloma)  flocculentus.     Poll.     *- Woolly 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  obtuse, 
floccoso-squamose,  the  scales  of  the  disc  erect,  and  sharp  ;  stem 
solid,  slender,  squamoso-fibrillose,  powdered  with  white  dust 
above  ;  gills  seceding,  thin,  toothed,  of  a  pallid  clay  colour. — 
F?\  Jlon.  Hi/m.i.p.  336.  Ag.  lanuginosus.  Fr.  Epic?\  p.  171.  Eng. 
Fl.T.pA)6.    VaiU.t.lSJ.4.-6.  Pers.Ic.t.S,/.  4.  Bull.  t.  370. 

On  the  ground. 

Inodorous  ;  pileus  1  in.  or  less  broad,  campanulato-convex,  obtuse,  then 
expanded,  sub-umbonate,  clothed  with  close  squamuloso-squaiTOse  down, 
•which  at  length  becomes  obsolete,  and  leaves  the  pileus  yellowish  ;  flesh  of 
the  pileus  and  stem  dirty  white;  gills  broad,  ventricose,  close,  pallid,  at 
length  brownish;  stem  1^-2  in.  high,  1-2  lines  thick,  equal,  tough,  covered 
with  brown  fibrillose  down,  apex  minutely  pruinose.— i'Vi^. 


318.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  plumosus.     Bolt.     "Downy 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  disc  squarrose,  with  erect 
fasciculate  flocci,  margin  fibrillose  ;  stem  stufl'ed,  then  hollow, 
slender,  flexuose,  floccoso-squamose,  naked  above;  gills  sub- 
adnate,  scarcely  crowded,  ventricose,  quite  entire,  dingy. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  172.  Bolt.  t.  33.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  96. 

In  moist  pine  woods.     Aug. 

Pileus  \\  in.  broad,  thickly  covered  with   little  downy  tufts  ;  stem  4  in. 
high,  1  line  or  more  thick. 


AGAEICINI.  115 

Sect.  2.     Laceri — pileus  torn. 

319.  Agaricus  (Kebeloma)  pyriodorus.     P.    Pear-scented 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  conical,  then  expanded,  nmbonate,  clad  with 
fibrous  adpressed  scales  ;  stem  stuffed,  firm,  ec[ual,  fibrillose, 
priiinose,  and  pale  above ;  gills  emarginate,  rather  distant,  dirty 
white,  then  nearly  cinnamon  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  173.  Bull.  t. 
532,/.  1.  Enc/.Fl.Y.jy.  96. 

In  woods.      Sept.   Oct.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  2  in.  across,  broadly  and  strongly  nmbonate.  the  margin  at  length 
a  little  turned  up,  fibrilloso-squamulose,  fleshy,  pallid  umber  ;  gills  adnexed, 
ventricose,  pale  ;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  4  lines  thick,  fibrillose,  white,  when 
bruised  somewhat  of  the  same  hue  as  the  pileus ;  veil  very  fugacious  ;  odour 
penetrating,  like  that  of  rotten  pears. — M.  J.  B. 

320.  Agaricus    (Hebeloma)    scabez.      Miill.       "Eough 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  conical,  then  convex,  obtusely  gibbous,  sprinkled 
with  fibrous  adpressed  scales  ;  stem  solid,  thick,  equal,  silky 
fibrillose,  veiled ;  gills  adnexed,  crowded,  dingy. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 

172.  Soiv.  t.  207.  Eng.  Fl.  x.p.  96. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  \\  in.  across,  campanulate,  subumbonate,  dingy  greyish -brown, 
scaly ;  gills  pale  dingy  brown,  rather  numerous,  nearly  free ;  stem  1-1|  in. 
high.  2-3  lines  thick,  solid,  whitish,  fibrillose,  furnished  with  a  bark-like  ex- 
ternal coat;  sometimes  subgregarious.— 6-'/'ei'. 

321.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  lacerus.    Fr.     "  Tom  Hebeloma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  nm- 
bonate, squamoso-fibrillose ;  stem  stuffed,  slender,  short,  fibril- 
lose, naked  above,  reddish  within ;  gills  adnexed,  broad,  ventri- 
cose, white,  tinged  with  red,  then  mouse-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 

173.  Fl.Dan.t.l^^Q,/.  1. 

On  the  ground  in  woods. 

Stem  1-2  in.  long,  equal,  or  attenuated  at  the  base,  tough,  paler  than  the 
pileus  ;  pileus  about  I  in.  broad,  obtusely  umbonate,  at  first  closely  fibrillose, 
then  rimoso-squamose  and  squarrose,  mouse-coloured,  growing  pale  and  yel- 
lowish. 

322.  Agaxicus  (Hebeloma)  obscurus.     P.      ■  Violet  Hebe- 

loma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  plane,  umbonate, 
longitudinally   fibrillose ;    disc    squamose ;    stem  stuffed,    sub- 


116  AGARICINI. 

flexuose,  fibrillose,  violet  brown;  gills  uncinate,  adnexed, 
crowded,  ventricose,  olivaceous,  then  brown. — Fr.Epicr.  p.  173. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  682. 

On  the  naked  ground.     Nov. 

Remarkable  for  its  violet  coloured  stem  or  flesh,  and  its  -unciuate  adnexed 
gills. — M.J.B.     Spores  pale  brown,  oval,  or  obovate,  "0003  X  '0002.  in. 

323.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  flocculosus.     Berh.     "Flocculose 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  subcarnose,  convex,  subcampanulate,  umbonate, 
sericeo-squamulose ;  stem  fibrillose,  squamuloso-pulverulent 
above ;  gills  pale,  fawn-coloured,  then  obscurely  ferruginous, 
ventricose,  adnate. — Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  97.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  154. 

On  naked  soil,  and  amongst  grass.     Rare. 

Pileus  1  in.  broad,  convex,  subcampanulate,  umbonate,  sericeo-squamu- 
lose, brownish  fawn  colour,  margin  smoother,  veil  white,  fibrillose,  fuga- 
cious ;  gills  at  first  pale  fawn,  at  length  dull  ferruginous,  ventricose,  arched 
behind,  and  theii  adnate  but  not  broadly  so,  margin  white;  stem  \\  in.  high, 
2  lines  thick,  fibrillose,  pale  fawn,  beneath  the  fibrillse  brown,  the  apex 
minutely  squamuloso-pulverulent.     Odour  like  new  meal. — M.  J.  B. 

324.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  Hookeri.    Klotsch.     "Hooker's 

Hebeloma."' 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  obtuse,  umbonate,  clothed  with 
branny  scales;  stem  shining,  purple,  pruinose  with  fawn-coloured 
meal ;  gills  purple,  at  length  cinnamon,  adnexed. — Eng.  FL  Y.p. 
97.  Berk.  Outl. p.  154. 

In  garden  pots.     April — Oct.     Glasgow. 

Pileus  5-8  lines  broad,  fawn-coloured,  centre  umber  ;  gills  1-1^  line  broad, 
beautiful  purple,  at  length  cinnamon,  veil  floccoso-fibrillose,  very  fugacious; 
stem  1-1|^  in.  high,  ^  line  thick,  fistulose,  shining  purple,  pruinose  with 
fawn-coloured  meal.— Klotsch. 

325.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  deglubens.     Fr.     "Peeling 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  umbonate,  torn 
into  adpressed  fibrils,  disc  somewhat  scaly  ;  stem  solid,  with  ad- 
pressed  fibrils,  pallid,  apex  darker,  mealy ;  gills  adnate,  ventri- 
cose, somewhat  distant,  dingy,  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Ejncr.  p. 
173.  B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.1866,no.  1117. 

In  woods.     Aug.     King's  Cliffe. 

Stature  of  A.  obsairus,  but  colour  and  punctate  apex  of  the  stem  (not  white) 
very  distinct.  Pileus  reddish  bay,  then  yellowish,  peeling  off  in  darker 
fibrous  scales;  flesh  white. 


AGAEICINI.  117 

Sect.  3.     Rimosi — pileus  cracked. 

326.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  fibrosus.   Soiv.    "  Fibrous  Hebeloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  obtusely  campanulate,  silkv,  even,  at  length 
cracked  ;  margin  flexuous,  broken  ;  stemlong,  solid,  striate,  squa- 
moso-flocculose  above ;  gills  free,  crowded,  linear-lanceolate, 
dirty-white. — Sow.  t.  414.  Berk.  Outl.p.  155.    Eiig.  Fl.  x.p.  95. 

In  fir  woods.     July — Sept. 

Pileus  3  in.  broad,  fleshy,  especially  in  the  disc,  campanulate,  irregular, 
longitudinally  rimose,  silky,  dingy  ;  gills  semi-lanceolate,  2-3  lines  broad, 
pallid.  Stem  2  in.  or  more  high,  3  lines  thick,  equal,  striate,  dirty-white, 
odour  nauseous.     Fries.     Spores  '0004  X  "OOO^o  in. 

327.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  fastigiatus.    Fr.     "  Peaked 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  conico-campanulate,  longitudinally  fibrous, 
and  cracked ;  stem  solid,  stout,  twisted,  fibrously-silky ;  gills 
free,  crowded,  yellow,  then  brownish-olive  (spores  rough.) — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  17-4.    Berk.  Outl.  t.  8,/.  4.    Ste7'b.  t.  22.  d.  e. 

In  woods.     Rare. 

Yellow-brown.  Stem  3-4  in.  long,  but  variable  in  stature,  attenuated  up- 
wards.    Spores  rough,  with  little  nodules. 

328.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  Curreyi.   BerJi.     "  Currey's 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  convex,  expanded,  longitudinally  fibrous,  slightly  cracked, 
not  umbonate;  stem  straight,  attenuated  uj^wards,  finely  fibrillose; 
gills  yellowish,  then  brownish-olive,  free  ;  spores  perfectly  even. 
— Berk.  Outl.p.lbo. 

In  woods.     Aug. 

Closely  resembling  A.  fastigiatus,  but  by  no  means  umbonate.  The  stem 
is  dark,  and  the  spores,  which  are  subcynibiform,  perfectly  even.— M.J.  B. 

329.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  euthelus.     B.  S,  Br.     "Fir-leaf 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  expanded,  strongly  umbonate,  undulating,  fawn-coloured, 
shining,  silky,  subsquamulose  ;  stem  nearly  equal,  pallid,  striate, 
solid,  fibrous ;  gills  pallid,  margin  white,  toothed,  adnate. — Ann. 
Nat.  Hist.  1865,  no.  1004,2yZ.  xiii./^.  2. 

On  the  ground  amongst  fir  leaves.  Aug.  Aboyne,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

Smell  farinaceous,  rather  disagreeable.  Spores  even,  sub-elliptic,  '00029 
in.  long.  It  differs  from  A.  fastigiatus  in  the  adnate  gills,  smooth,  not  rough, 
spores  ;  and  from  ^4.  Curreyi,  with  which  it  agrees  as  to  the  spores,  in  its 
strongly  umbonate  pileus,  nearly  equal  stem,  and  adnate  gills.— .5.  tO  Br. 


118  AGARICINI. 

330.  Agaxicus  (Hebeloma)  rimosus.    Bull,     "Cracked 

Hebeloma." 

Plleus  fleshy,  thin,  campaiiulate,  silky,  fibrous,  expanded  longi- 
tudinally, cracked  ;  stem  solid,  firm,  nearly  smooth,  bulbous, 
whitish  mealy  above  ;  gills  free,  subventricose,  brownish  clay- 
coloured.— i^r.  E'picr.  p.  174.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  97.  Bull.  t.  388. 
Berk.Outl.t.SJ.o.  Soiv.t.  323.  Grev.t.l28.  Batsch.f.  107. 
Kromhh.  t.  44,/.  10-12.  Jungh.  t.  6,/.  6,  var.   Gard.  Chron.  (1861), 

Woods  and  waste  places.     June — Sept.  [United  States.] 

Subgregarious.  Pilens  1-2  in.  broad,  shining,  satiny,  with  adpressed  fib- 
rillse,  brown-yellow,  at  first  campanulate,  then  nearly  plane  and  umbonate, 
cracked  in  a  radiate  manner,  the  inner  substance  appearing  through  the 
cracks  of  a  yellow  hue,  sometimes  the  cuticle  cracks  concentrically,  and  the 
lower  edge  of  the  cracked  portions  is  reflected  so  as  to  present  a  squarrose 
appearance  ;  gills  ventricose,  adnexed,  at  first  mealy  white,  the  margin 
opaque,  then  olivaceous,  with  the  margin  white  and  crenate.  Stem  li-2^ 
in.  high,  distinct  from  the  pileus,  sub-bulbous,  nearly  white,  fibrillose  at  the 
base,  clothed  above  with  white  mealy  scales. — M.J.B.  Spores  '0004  X 
•00028  in. 


331.     Agaxicus  (Kebeloxna)  auricomus.    BaUch.  "Golden-haired 

Hebeloma."  • 

Small,  thin  ;  pileus  yellowish,  margin  striate,  stem  fistulose  ; 
gills  fixed,  ventricose,  whitish,  then  brown. — Fr.  Epia\  p.llb. 
Batsch.f.  21.  Berk.  Outl.p.  155. 

In  woods.  [Cincinnati.] 

Included  by  Fries  as  a  variety  of  Ag.  descissus.    Pileus  much  cracked. 


332.        Agaxicus  (Hebeloma)  txechispoxus.    Berk.    "  Bough- 

spored  Hebeloma." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  convex,  strongly  umbonate,  at  first 
viscid,  but  soon  dry  and  silky;  stem  slightly  striate  and  mealy; 
gills  ventricose,  emarginate,  scarcely  adnate,  pinkish-grey  ;  spores 
rough. — Berk.  Outl.p.  156,  t.  8,/.  6.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  71. 

In  woods,  amongst  fern.     August. 

Pileus  1  in.  broad,  convex,  strongly  umbonate  ;  margin  thin,  viscid,  but 
soon  dry  and  satiny  ;  umbo  tawny,  margin  paler,  mth  a  slight  livid  tinge  ; 
gills  ventricose,  emarginate,  pinkish  grey,  extreme  margin  denticulate. 
Spores  bistre-brown,  subreniform,  covered  with  granules.  Stem  2  in.  bigh, 
2  lines  thick,  white,  slightly  striate  under  a  lens,  and  farinulent,  nearly  equal, 
except  at  the  base,  the  outer  coat  of  which  is  cottony. — M.  J.  B. 


AGAEICINI.  119 

333.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  hiulcus.     Fr.     "Eed-flesh. 

Hebeloma.'' 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  conical,  expanded, umbonate,  fibrillose, 
rimoso-squamose  ;  stem  stuffed,  rigid,  elongated,  silky-fibiillose, 
pruinose  above,  as  well  as  the  flesh,  pale  flesh-colonred  ;  gills 
nearly  free,  scarcely  crowded,  broad,  whitish  flesh-colour,  darker 
at  the  base,  at  length  olivaceous. — Fr.Ep.p.  175.  Batt.  1. 18,  c. 
B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866),  no.  1118. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Fineshade. 

Allied  to  A.  rtmos^'.s,  but  the  flesh  turns  everywhere  reddish,  when  cut  or 
bruised.  Stem  2-3  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick,  closely  fibrillose.  Pileus  1-2  in. 
broad,  closely  fibrillose  and  scaly,  cracked,  brown  or  olive. 

334.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  lucifugus.      Fr.     ''Strong-scented 

Hebeloma."' 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  sub-umbonate,  clad  with 
adpressed  fibrils  or  scales.  Stem  solid,  firm,  ecjual,  smooth,  sub- 
pruinose  above;  gills  nearly  free,  crowded,  plane,  from  yellowish- 
white  changing  to  olive. — Pr.  Epicr.  p.  177.  Pers.  Ic.  Pict.  1. 15, 
/.  2.  Jungh.  t.  6,  /.  4.   Ann.  N.H.  no.  7  92. 

On  the  ground  in  woods.     Sept. 

Pileus  about  an  inch  across,  brownish,  or  olive.  Stem  IJ  in.  long,  2  lines 
thick.    Odour  strong. 

335.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  sindonius.     Fr,     "  Delicate 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  conical,  then  convex,  gibbous,  obtuse,  velvety- 
villose,  veil  sub-appendiculate  ;  stem  with  a  distinct  medulla,  at 
length  hollow  and  smooth  ;  gills  attenuated,  adnexed,  lanceolate, 
whitish,  then  brown. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  176.  Sow.  t.  365.  Batt.  t. 
18,  B. 

In  moist,  shady  places.     Rare. 

Pileus  at  length  smooth,  dirty  white,  becomingyellowish.  Stem 2-3 in.  long, 
white. 

336.  Agaricus  (Hebelom.a)  geophyllus.     Soji\     "  Wood 

Hebeloma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  conical,  then  expanded,  umbonate, 
even,  silky-fibrillose ;  stem  stuffed,  equal,  rather  firm,  white; 
veil  fibrillose  ;  gills  adnexed,  crowded,  white,  dingy,  then  earth- 
coloared. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  176.  Sow.  1. 121,  Pers.Ic.  1. 14,/.  2.  Ic. 
Sr  Des.t.lJ.O.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.dS.  Bull.t.622,f.2.  Fl.Boruss, 
t.  388. 


120  AGAEICINI. 

On  the  ground  in  woods.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pilens  1  in.  broad,  umbonate,  at  length  sub-inverted,  white,  lilac,  brownish, 
yellowish,  &c.,  satiny,  often  rimose.  Gills  adnate  or  adnexed,_  ventricose, 
earthy,  net  cinnamon,  margin  white,  sub-dentate.  Stem  1-3  in.  high,  1-2 
Hues  thick,  flexuous,  equal,  or  sub-bulbous,  firm,  very  minutely  farinaceous 
above,  solid,  less  compact  within.     Odour  strong  and  disagreeable. — M.J.B. 

337.  Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  vatricosus.     Fr.     '"Little 

Hebeloma." 

Pilens  rather  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  subumbonate,  smooth,  vis- 
cid, silky  about  the  margin  :  stem  fistulose,  contorted,  pulveru- 
lent ;  gills  emarginate;  ventricose,  whitish,  becoming  brown. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  111.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1865),  no.  1005. 

On  dead  stumps.     Sept.     Bodelwyddan,  Flintshire. 

Before  the  veil  is  ruptured  it  looks  like  a  smooth  Lepiota. — B.  d-  Br. 
Small,  scarcely  exceeding  half  an  inch  broad,  viscid  when  young  and  moist, 
shining  when  dry,  obsoletely  silky  at  the  margin.     Inodorous. 

Sub-Gen.  21.    Flammula,  Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.250. 

Spores  in  most  species  purely  ferruginous,  occasionally  ap- 
proaching yellow  ochre,  always  bright  in  colour  ;  veil  filamentous, 
often  obsolete ;  pileus  fleshy,  and,  as  the  sub-genus  is  at  present 
constituted,  very  variable.  It  may  be, — 1,  covered  with  an  in- 
separable fibrillose  cuticle;  2,  covered  with  a  more  or  less  viscid 
and  separable  cuticle ;  3,  pileus  moist,  and  with  no  separable 
cuticle  ;  4,  jjileus  neither  pelliculose  nor  viscid,  and  broken  up 
more  or  less  into  scale  or  fibrils  ;  stem  fleshy,  fibrous,  confluent, 
and  homogeneous  with  the  hymenophore ;  gills  adnate,  acutely 
adnate,  or  decurrent. 

Hab.     On  the  ground  or  on  wood. — (Fl.  IV.  fig.  21.) 

Fries  says  the  natural  afiinity  of  Flammula  is  with  PJioliota,  but  I  consider 
all  true  Flammuloe  should  correspond  with  Clitocyhe  and  Clitojjilus.  I  suspect 
some  of  the  species  of  Flammula  that  approach  Pholiota  in  structure  might 
with  propriety  be  removed  to  that  sub-genus,  and  FlamnvaUi  proper  be  re- 
stricted to  species  with  decurrent  gills,  Most  of  the  species  are  tasteless  or 
bitter,  and  none  edible.  They  appear  in  late  autumn  or  early  winter.  Some 
species  of  Paxillus  may  be  mistaken  for  Flammidce,  but  attention  must  be 
paid  to  the  persistent  gills,  separating  from  the  hymenophore  and  other 
characters  in  Paxillus. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Heterogenei — variable. 

338.  Agazicus  (Flammula)  helomorphus.     Seer. 

"  White  Flammula." 

White;  pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  gibbous,  unequal,  viscid, 
when   dry  silky,  becoming   even;   margin   naked;    stem  solid, 


AGAEICIXl.  121 

unequal,  curved,  even,  nearly  smooth;  gills  adnato-decurrent, 
crowded,  vrhite,  then  tan  coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  184.  Seer. 
No.  837. 

In  pine  woods.     (A.  Jerdon.) 

Stem  about  an  incli  long,  2-3  lines  thick,  rather  attenuated  dovrawards, 
above  slightly  silky.  Pileus  about  1  in,  broad,  sub-angular  j  gills  1  line 
broad. — Fries.     Spores  very  small,,  '0001  X  '00014  in. 

339.  Agaricus  (Flammula)  scambus.   Ir.  "Bow-legged 

Flanimula." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  then  slightly  de- 
pressed and  floccoso-villose,  viscid  in  moist  weather ;  stem 
rather  stuffed,  short,  incurved,  flocculose,  and  veiled,  white, 
attenuated  below ;  gills  subdecurrent,  yellowish  clay-coloured. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  184.  BerJ:.  Outl.p.  157. 

On  larch. 

Small,  white,  pileus  scarcely  exceeding  an  inch  broad,  at  length  dingy  and 
clay-coloured,  stem  becoming  somewhat  ferruginous. 

340.  Agaricus  (Flammula)  floccifer.     B.  and  Br.     "  Floccose 

Flammula." 

Csespitose,  subcamose  ;  pileus  convex,  tawny,  sprinkled  with 
white  fibrils  ;  stem  attenuated  downwards,  white,  with  silky 
scales,  fistulose,  umber  within  ;  gills  rather  broad,  adnate,  fer- 
ruginous.— B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  no.  909.  t.  14,/.  1. 

On  stumps  of  lime.     Oct.     Colleyweston. 

Csespitose  ;  pileus  2  inches  across,  convex,  expanded,  tawny,  somewhat 
zoned  in  drying,  sprinkled  with  white  fibrils,  rather  fleshy ;  flesh  tawny  at 
the  edge  and  beneath  the  cuticle,  elsewhere  white ;  stem  1\  in.  high,  \ 
in.  thick,  attenuated  downwards,  furfuraceous  within  the  pileus,  white,  with 
silky  scales,  hollow,  umber  within  ;  gills  moderately  broad,  rounded  behind, 
adnate,  scarcely  ventricose,  wrinkled  transversely,  ferruginous,  edge  white, 
spores  ferruginous  ,  ring  none.     The  habit  is  that  oi  A.velutinv^, 

Sect.  2.     Luhrici — viscid. 

341.  Agaricus  (Flammula)  lentus.    P^w.  "  Dusky  Flammula." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  even,  viscid  ;  stem  rather  stuffed, 
long,  equal,  squamose  ;  gills  adnate,  whitish,  then  clay-coloured. 
— Fr.  tpicr.p.  184.  Fn^.  Fl.\.  p.  95. 

On  stumps.  [S.Carolina.] 

Gregarious,  subcaespitose ;  pileus  2-3  in,  broad,  plane,  obtuse,  very  glutinous 
in  we;  weather,  varying,  with  a  yellowish,  or  pallid-livid  (dirty- white j  hue  ; 
stem  2-3  in.  high,  at  length  hollow. — Fries. 


122  AGAKICINI. 

342.  Agaricus  (Flammula)  gummosus.   Latch,    '*  Viscid 

Flammula." 

Pileiis  fleshy,  plane,  floccoso-squamulose,  then  even,  viscid ; 
stem  stuffed,  silky,  fibrillose,  red  brown  at  the  base ;  gills  adnate, 
crowded,  yellow,  then  cinnamon. — Lasch,  Linn.  (1827),  no.  S26. 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  185.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.  II.  (18CG),  no.  1119.  Tratt. 
Aust.  f.  38. 

On  old  stumps.     Dec.     Cambridge. 

Pileus  conical,  then  depressed,  whitish,  then  olivaceous  or  greenish  yellow, 
margin  pallid,  1-2  in.  broad.    Flesh  yellowish. 

343.  Agaricus  (riammula)  spuznosus.    Fr.    '*  Sulphury 

Flammula." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  even,  viscid;  stem  hollow,  equal,  slender, 
fibrillose,  yellowish,  then  discoloured  ;  gills  adnate,  yellow,  at 
length  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  185.  >S'.  M.  i.p.2h2. 

In  woods.  Epping  Forest.  [United  States.] 

Gregarious,  yellow,  flesh  greenish-yellow ;  stem  attenuated  at  the  base, 
at  length  darker,  slender,  2-4  in.  long,  2  lines  thick,  obsoletely  fibrillose ; 
pileus  rather  fleshy,  subumbonate,  becoming  plane,  about  2  in.  broad,  disc 
darker.— i^ries.     Spores  -00023  X  -00015  in. 

344.  Agaricus  (Flammula)  caxbonazius.     Fr.  "  Viscid 

Charcoal  Flammula." 

Pileus  fleshy,  becoming  plane,  then  even,  viscid  ;  stem 
narrowly  fistulose,  slender,  rigid,  squamulose,  pallid ;  gills 
adnate,  clay-coloured  brown. — Fr.  Ep.  p.  186.  B.  4"  Br.  Ann.  N. 
H.  (^1866),  no.  1120.  Seem.  Jour.lS68.t.76,f.6-8.  Cooke  exs. 
no.  401. 

On  charcoal  and  burnt  earth.     Nov.  Dec,     Ascot.      Epping. 

This  species,  remarkable  for  its  viscid  pileus,  squamulose  stem,  and  adnate 
clay-coloured  gills,  occurred  in  great  quantities  as  above.  It  is  a  very  late 
species  ;  gregarious,  tough,  1  in.  or  more  high;  pileus  rather  tawny,  fleeh 
yellow  J  spores  ferruginous,  with  an  apiculus  at  one  end. 

Sect.  3.     Udi — moist. 

345.  Agaricus  (Flamm.ula)  flavidus.     Schceff.     "Yellow 

Flammula." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  equal,  smooth,  moist;  stem 
somewhat  hollow,  fibrillose,  yellow,  then  ferruginous ;  gills  ad- 
nate, yellow,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  187.  Schcsff.  t.  35. 
Tratt.  Austr.f.  14  ?  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  94.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  330, 792*. 


AGAEICINI.  123 

On  trunks  of  firs,  lime,  &c.     Oct.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Very  various  in  size  ;  pilens  obtuse,  1-2  in.  or  more  broad,  never  viscid, 
when  moist  dirty  yellow ;  gills  obtnsely  adnate ;  veil  web-like,  sometimes 
forming  a  ring.  Stem  stuflfed,  sometimes  hollow,  ferruginous  at  the  base, 
sometimes  attenuated. — Fries. 

346.        Agaricus  (Flammula)  inopus.     Fr.     "Bolton's  Flam- 

mula." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convexo-plane,  moist,  smooth;  stem  fistu- 
lose,  thin,  flexnose,  with  adpressed  fibrils,  at  length  brick-red 
below  ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  linear,  pallid  yellowish,  white. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  187.  Bolt.  1. 148.  Batt.  t.  22.  C.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  95. 

On  pine  tnmks. 

IntrodiTced  on  the  authority  of  Fries'  quotation  of  Bolton's  figure.  PileuB 
^-2  in.  broad  ;  veil  fugacious;  stem  3  in.  high,  \  in.  thick. — Eivj.  Fl. 


Sect.  4.     Sapinei — growing  on  firs. 

347.  Agaricus    (Flammula)    hybxidus.     Fr.     "  Hybrid 

Flammula." 

Pileus  fleshy,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  smooth, 
even,  moist ;  stem  stufi'ed,  soft,  attenuated  upwards,  tawny, 
with  a  whitish  veil,  which  fonns  a  ring;  gills  adnate,  rather 
crowded,  pale  yellow,  then  tawny. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  189. 

On  fir  stumps.     Gopsall. 

Pileus  regular,  disc   compact,    at  first  tawny  cinnamon,   then  brownish 
orange  ;  flesh  pallid. 

348.  Agaricus  (Flamm.ula)  decipiens.     S))iith.     "Charcoal 

Flammula." 

Casspitose;  pileus  convex, fleshy,  minutely  sciuamulose,  dry,  rich 
brown,  becoming  pallid  ;  umbo  almost  white,  stem  often  swollen, 
twisted,  striate,  attenuated  downwards,  rich  tawny  ;  gills  crowded, 
moderately  broad,  decurrent,  luminous  brown,  flesh  within 
golden  yellow,  bright  brown  at  base  ;  spores  bright  tawny,  ring 
none. — /Seem.  Journ.  1869,  p.  249,  t.  95,  /.  5-8. 

On  burnt  earth,  charcoal,  &c.     June.     Epping. 

Pileus  1  in.  across.  Stem  2  in.  high.  Inclined  to  be  fasciculate;  mixed 
in  growth  with  A.  (Flammula)  carbonariv.s.  Fr.  Though  at  a  first  glance  it 
resembles  the  latter  species,  it  difi'ers  greatly  in  the  attachment  of  the  gills, 
which  are  adnate  in  ^4.  carhonarius,  but  truly  decurrent  in  A.  decijpieris. 
Spores  oval,  or  with  an  apiculus  at  one  end,  *0003  X  '00017  in. —  W-  G.  S. 

G   2 


124  AGAEICINI. 

349.  Agaxicus  (Flammula)  sapineus.     Fr.     "  Bright-spored 

Flammula." 

Pileus  compact,  convcxo-plane,  very  obtuse,  finely  floccoso- 
squamiilose,  then  cracked ;  stem  rather  stuffed,  thick,  sulcata, 
rooting,  yellowish,  without  a  ring ;  gills  adnata,  broad,  golden 
yellow,  then  tawny  cinnamon, — Sys.  Myc.i.  p.  239.  Eiig.  Fl.  v. 
f).  95.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.ll.  1865,720. 1006.  Pers.  Ic.  ^  JDescr.  t.  4, 
f.  7.    Trans.  WoolJwpe  Club,  1868,;?.  246. 

On  fallen  branches  of  Scotch  fir,  and  chips  and  sawdust  about 
a  saw-pit.  Aboyne.  Aug.  On  charcoal  heaps  in  woods,  round 
the  Wrekin.  [Cincinnati.] 

This  species  is  CTitremely  variable  especially  as  to  the  breadth  and  mode 
of  attachment  of  the  gills.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  bright  colour  of  the 
spores. — B.  d:  Br.  Sabcsespitcse  ;  stem  usually  short,  solid,  or  hollow,  often 
compressed,  lacunose,  &g.  Pileus  1-1  in.  broad,  disc  subopaque,  margin 
paler,  shining.  Vestiges  of  the  yellow  veil  scarcely  manifest.  Odour  strong. 
Spores  -00032  X  '0002  in.  (PI.  I  V.J.  21.) 

350.  Agaxicus  (Flammula)  picxeus.     Fr.     "  Delicate  Flam- 

mula." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  even,  smooth  ; 
stem  fistulose,  thin,  almost  umber,  attenuated  upwards,  without 
a  veil,  at  first  pulverulent  ;  gills  adnate,  subseceding,  crowded, 
narrow,  yellow,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.Epicr.  p.  190.  Pers.Ic. 
Descr.  t.  4,/.  7.  Fr.  Mon.  Hym.  i.  p.  362. 

On  old  deal  boards  and  pine  stumps. —  W .  G.  S. 

Csespitose,  delicate.  Stem  2-3  in.  long,  1-2  lin.  thick,  slightly  attenuated 
upwards,  straight,  when  young  pulverulent,  umber.  Pileus  obtuse,  regular, 
1  in.  broad,  when  young  rufous  or  brownish  cinnamon,  when  older  becoming 
paler  and  tawny.  Gills  scarcely  1  line  broad,  normally  adnate.  Spores 
•00023  X  -00015  in. 

351.  Agaxicus  (Flammula)  iiliceus.     Coolie.     "Fern-stem 

Flammula." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  minutely  squamuloso-fibrillose ; 
stem  stuffed,  equal,  slender  ;  veil  adhering  to  the  stem  and  mar- 
gin of  pileus  in  reddish  fugacious  threads  ;  gills  crowded,  adnate, 
sulphur  yellow,  at  length  tawny  cinnamon. — Seem.Journ.{l^Q^) 
p.  QQ,  t.  3,/*.  1. 

On  old  tree-fern  stems. 

Pileus  1-2  in.,  obtusely  convex,  at  length  plane,  golden  yellow,  minutely 
flocculoso-squamulose.  Stem  1^-2^  in.  high,  yellowish,  dark  at  the  base; 
often  tufted,  sometimes  solitary.    Spores  -0003  X  -0002  in. 


AGARICINI.  125 

This  species  was  first  discovered  iu  a  conservatory  at  Higligate,  on  old 
tree-fern  stems,  originally  from  New  Zealand.  It  has  since  been  found  by 
Mr.  W.  G.  S.nith,  and  is  therefore  included  here  as  having  equal  claim  with 
Bome  other  species  to  find  a  place  in  the  British  Flora. 

Sub-Gen.  22.     Crepidotus.     Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  272,  in  part. 

Spores  dark,  or  yellowisli  brown  ;  veil  none  ;  pileus  excentric, 
dimidiate,  or  resupinate ;  flesh  soft  ;  stem  lateral,  or  wanting  ; 
when  present,  confluent  with  and  homogeneous  with  the  hymeno- 
phore. 

Hab.  Most  of  the  species  grow  on  wood,  a  few  on  moss. — 

(P/./F,/.22.) 

The  species  are  very  irregular  and  variable.  They  mostly  appear  late  in 
the  aiitumn,  and  none  are  known  to  be  edible.  The  piab-?pored  species,  in- 
cluded by  Fries  in  this  sub-genus,  are  removed  to  Smith's  new  sub-genus 
Claudojjus. 

Sect.  1.     Eudermini. 

352.  Agaricuj  (Crepidotus)  alveolus.     Lasch.    *' Oclirey 

Crepidotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  lateral,  oboyate,  then  repand,  opaque,  con- 
tracted, and  tomentose-viilous  behind  ;  gills  determinate,  crowded, 
broad, clay-brown. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  210.  Pers.  M.E.  t.  24:,  f.  3.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  685. 

On  old  stumps.     Aug.  Sept.     Xorthamptonshire.  ^ 

Closely  allied  to  A .  mollis,  but  not  at  all  gelatinous.  Spores  "OOOS  in.  long. 
Pileus  2  in.  and  more  broad,  ochraceous  brown,  then  olive  at  the  margin, 
when  dry  becoming  paler. 

353.  Agazicus  (Crepidotus)  mollis.     Schceff.     "Soft 

Crepidotus." 

Pileus  between  subgelatinous  and  fleshy,  flaccid,  even,  smooth, 
becoming  pale;  stem  obsolete;  gills  crowded,  linear,  from  whitish 
to  watery  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  210.  Schceff.  t.  213.  Sow.  t. 
98.  Batsch.f.  38.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  9,/.  6.  Huss.  i.  t.  74.  Eng.  Fl. 
Y.p.  102.  Letell.  t.  688.  Price,  f.  25.  BerJc.  exs.  no.  18. 

On  old  stumps.     July — Oct.     Common.     [United  *>tates.] 

Solitary  or  imbric  ;ted.  Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  at  first  horizontal,  sub- 
gelatinous,  the  base  tomentose,  or  substrigose,  margin  transparent,  minutely 
tomentose,  then  ascending,  subfulvous,  pallid  when  dry,  margin  waved,  some- 
times minutely  squamulose,  often  stained  with  the  elliptic  ferruginous  spores. 
Gills  rounded  behind,  watery-umber,  at  fii'st  saturated  with  moisture,  then 
dry  and  crisp. — M.J.B.    Spores  dark  umber,  'OOOSo  X  '00022  in. 

(PL IV.,  fig.  22.) 


126  AGARICINI. 

354.  Agaricus  (Crepidotus)  haustellaris.     Fr,     "Kidney- 

shaped  Crepidotus." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  reniform,  even,  slightly  villous ;  stem 
lateral,  attenuated  upwards,  villous,  white  ;  gills  rounded,  nearly 
free, brownish  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  211.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  164. 
Batsch.f.  121. 

On  dead  trunks.     Rare. 

Not  observed  since  the  time  ofWitherin^ ;  gp'egarioiis,  coespitose,  or  imbri- 
cated. Stem  distinct,  attenuated  upwards,  2-4  Hues  long,  1  line  and  more 
thick,  at  first  ascending,  then  horizontal.  Pileus  lateral,  kidney-shape  d,_i-l 
in.  broad,  pale  red  tan-colour,  becoming  pale.    Flesh  watery,  pale  yellowish. 

355.  Agaricus  (Crepidotus)  Rubi.     Be7'k,    "Bramble 

Crepidotus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  clothed  with  very  minute  crystalline  meal ;  stem 
short,  incurved,  solid,  strigose  at  the  base ;  gills  adnato-decur- 
rent,  greyish,  then  umber,  slightly  ventricose. — Be?'k.  Outl. p. 
164,^.  9,/.  7.  Eng.Fl.Y.  p.  102. 

On  dead  bramble,  &c.     Aug.     Eare. 

Pileus  \  in.  or  more  broad,  at  first  regular,  with  a  short  stem,  gradually 
becoming  excentric,  and  resupinate,  of  a  yellowish,  or  livid-grey  hue,  pallid 
when  old  ;  gills  rather  distant,  at  first  greyish,  then  umber,  edge  pulverulent. 
Stem  very  short,  at  first  straight,  then  incurved,  solid,  externally  mealy,  ad- 
hering by  a  little  fine  down. — J/.  /.  B. 

356.  Agaricus  (Crepidotus)  chixnonophilus.    B.  ^  Br. 

"  Downy  Crepidotus." 

White.  Pileus  convex,  rather  thick,  villous ;  stem  very  short, 
or  obsolete;  gills  distant,  attenuated  behind. — Berk.  Outl. p.  164. 
Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  no.  687. 

On   small   dead   branches  of  Pyrus  torminalis.       Benefield, 

Norths. 

Pure  white.  Pileus  \  in.  across,  convex,  clothed  with  villous  down,  mar- 
grin  infiexed.  Stem  extremely  short  or  obsolete.  Gills  few,  distant.  Spores 
very  pale,  yellow-brown,  oblongo-elliptic,  with  a  distinct  lateral  nucleus. — 
M.J.B. 

357.  Agaricus  (Crepidotus)  pezizoides.     Nees.     "  Pezizaeforin 

Crepidotus." 

Pileus  sessile,  thin,  cup-shaped,  then  reflexed,  mealy,  sub- 
tomentose ;  gills  meeting  in  the  centre,  somewhat  distant,  oliva- 
ceous-brown, then  tawny. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  212.  Nees.  A.N.  Cur. 
ix.  t.  6,/.  18.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  103. 

On  rotten  branches.     Kare. 


AGAEICINI.  127 

Gregarions,  fleshy,  subgelatinous,  1  line  liigli  and  broad,  fixed  at  the  base 
by  very  delicate  white  fibres  ;  gills  about  12,  thick,  ventricose. — Fries.  Gilla 
white  to  stone-colour,  margin  sub-crenate,  white,  and  somewhat  cottony  in 
young  specimens. — Purton. 

Sub-Gen.  23.     Naucoria.     Fr.  S.  M.,  i.  p.  260. 

Spores  various  shades  of  brown,  dull  or  bright;  veil  absent,  or 
attached  to  the  edge  of  the  pileus,  in  young  plants  in  the  form 
of  minute  flakes ;  pileus  convex  and  inflexed,  smooth,  fiocculent 
or  squamulose ;  stem  cartilaginous,  confluent  with  but  hetero- 
geneous from  the  hymenophore. 

Hab.  Terrestrial  or  epiphytal.  (PL  IV.,  f.  23.) 

No  subgenus  includes  so  many  dissimilar  species  as  this.  In  size,  struc- 
ture, the  nature  of  the  veil,  and  the  colour  of  the  spores,  they  differ  exceed- 
ingly. Naucoria  corresponds  with  Collybia,  L&j^tx>tiiay  and  Psilocyhe. —  W.G.  S. 

Sect.  1.    Gymnoti — naked,  spores  rusty. 

358.  Agaiiciis  (Naucoria)  cucumis.     P.     "Cucumber 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy, broadly  campanulate,  smooth,  growing 
pale ;  stem  thin,  firm,  smooth,  dark-brown,  thickened  at  the 
apex,  hollow,  sub-pruinose;  gills  slightly  adnexed,  ventricose, 
pallid,  saffron-yellow. — Fr.  JEpicr.  }:>.  193.  Sow.  t.  34-4.  Eng.  Fl. 
V.J9.  99. 

Amongst  sawdust. 

Pileus  1-1|-  in.  broad,  even,  smooth,  when  moist  bay -brown,  with  a  pur- 
plish tinge,  pale  about  the  margin,  when  dry  fawn-coloured  or  tan;  giUs 
very  ventricose,  close,  distinct,  dirty  white,  with  somewhat  of  a  saffron  tint. 
Stem  li-2  in.  high,  1-1^  line  thick,  attenuated  downwards,  firm,  smooth, 
hollow,  pale  at  the  apex.    Odour  exactly  that  of  fresh  cucumber. — Fries. 

359.  Agazicus   (Naucoria)  centunculus.    Fr.     "Lurid 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  lurid-greenish, 
then  yellowish,  turning  pale  ;  stem  fistulose,  with  whitish  down 
at  the  base,  pulverulent  above  ;  gills  adnate,  then  seceding,  thick, 
broad,  cinereous  yellow,  as  well  as  the  stem. — -Fr.  Epicr.p.  193. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  72. 

On  rotten  wood.     Oct.     Rare. 

Gregarious.  Pileus  3-10  lines  broad,  olivaceous  brown,  becoming  pale, 
even  or  slightly  striate  ;  gills  emarginate  or  free,  sometimes  crowded,  some- 
times somewhat  distant,  crisped  when  old,  the  edge  denticulate  with  greenish- 
yellow  flocci. 


128  AGAEICINI. 

360.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  horizontalis.     Bull.     "Horizontal 

Naucoria." 

Pileiis  somewhat  fleshy,  plano-convex,  obtuse,  even,  smooth ; 
stem  solid,  very  short,  incurved,  naked ;  gills  rounded  behind, 
free,  broal,  plane.  Thewhole  plant  of  a  watery  cinnamon  colour. 
—Fr.  Epicr.p.  194.  Bull.  t.  324.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  331. 

On  elm  trunks.     Rare. 

Pileus  \  iu.  broad,  gills  adnexed  or  nearly  free ;  stem  \  in.  long,  1  line 
tliick. 

361.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  melinoides.    F)\    "Tawny 

Naucoria."' 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  umbonate,  even, 
smooth,  moist ;  stem  hollow,  slightly-thickened,  pruinose  above, 
base  white;  gills  adnate,  triangular,  toothed,  honey-coloured. — 
Fr.Epicr.p.  195.  Berh.  Outl.  t.  9,/.  3.  Bull.  t.  5G0,/.  1.  Krombh. 
^3,/.  14.    Eng.Fl.y. p. 100. 

On  lawns.     Oct.     Common. 

Pileus  2  lines  to  1  in.  broad,  submembranaceons,  nmbor'^-^e,  wbeti  moist 
tawny,  margin  pellucid,  ocliraceous  or  whitish  when  dry  ;  gilid  very  variable, 
adnexed,  or  broadly  adnate,  ventricose,  at  first  paler  than  the  pileus,  at 
length  cinnamon.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  scarce  1  line  thick,  fistulose,  fibrillose 
above,  subpruinose,  thickened  below  and  downy,  changing  colour.  The  gills 
remain  bright. — J/.  /.  B. 

362.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  nuceus.     Bolt.     "Xut-like 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  globoso-campanulate,  umbilicate, 
punctulate ;  margin  incurved,  somewhat  lobed ;  stem  fistulose, 
slender,  silky-fibrillose,  white ;  gills  attenuated,  adnate,  ascend- 
ing, slightly  lobed,  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epncr.p.  194.    Bolt.  t.  70. 

On  the  ground  amongst  firs. 

Slender,  but  tough.  Stem  2-3  in.  Pileus  ^-1  in.,  pale  chestnut  colour; 
gills  semi-circular,  not  sinuate,  3-4  lines  broad.  Spores,  with  an  apiculus 
at  one  or  both  ends,  '00045  X  -00025  in. 

363.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  sideroides.      Bull.     "Stellate 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  rather  flesby,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  umbonate, 
smooth,  slightly  viscid  ;  stem  stuffed,  attenuated,  even,  pallid ; 
gills  with  a  decurrent  tooth,  uncinate,  fixed,  narrow,  crowded, 
pallid,  ochraccous,  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.ldQ.  Bull.t. 
588.  B.^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865, ?io.  1007. 


AGAElCI^i.  129 

On  the  trunk  of  an  ash  tree.     Nov.     Apethorpe. 

Probably  common.  !Mucb.  thicker  than  ^4.  hyprwnim,  which  it  somewhat 
resembles,— 5. dt* 5a  Pileus  ochraceons  and  shining  when  dry,  margin  at 
first  incurved,  then  striate,  about  h  in,  high  and  broad,  when  expanded  1  in. 
broad.     Stem  3  in,  long,  pallid  yellowish,  at  length  becoming  ferruginous. 

Sect.  2,     Phceoti — spores  brown. 

364.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  vervacti.     Fr.     "  Meadow 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  umbonate,  even,  smooth,  viscid; 
shining  when  dry ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  attenuated,  smooth, 
rigid,  rootless,  whitish;  gills  adnate,  with  a  decurrent  tooth, 
crowded,  then  yentricose,  pallid,  then  ferruginous-brown. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  197.  Batt.  t.  13,  F.  Batsch.  f.  108  (?)  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
273. 

In  meadows,  gardens,  &c.     Bromley. 

Stem  short,  about  1  in.,  rather  thick,  Pileus  yellow,  slightly  viscid,  soft, 
obtuse.     Flesh  white, 

365.  Agaxicus  (Naucoria)  pediades.     Fr.     "Tan-coloured 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse  or  depressed, 
dry,  at  length  opaque  ;  stem  medullate,  rather  flexuous,  slightly 
sillvy,  yellowish,  base  somewhat  bulbous  ;  gills  adnexed,  broad, 
subdistant,  brownish,  then  dirty  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  197. 
Paul.  1. 106,  /,  2,  3,  SchcEff.  t.  203,  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  683.  LetelL 
t.  675. 

In  pastures.     Nov.   Cranford,   Middlesex. 

Stature  variable,  stem  usually  elongated  ;  pileus  about  an  inch  broad, 
ochraceous,  then  tan-coloured. 

366.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  semiorbiculaxis.     Bull.     'Half- 

round  Xaucoria," 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  even, 
smooth,  rather  viscid,  at  length  rivulose  ;  stem  slender,  tough, 
almost  straight,  pallid,  ferruginous,  shining,  with  a  separable 
pith  ;  gills  adnate,  very  broad,  crowded,  pallid,  then  ferruginous. 
—Fr.  Epicr.p.  197.  Bull.  t.  422.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  d,f.4..Ann.  N.H. 
no. 27  4:. 

On  lawns  and  pastures.     Common. 

Stem  cartilaginous,  tough,  3-4 in.  long,  scarcely  exceeding  1  line  thick,  at 
length  pale,  ferruginous,  darker  at  the  base  ;  pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  tawny, 
ferruginous,  then  ochrey  j  spores  "OUOS  X  ■00U32  in.  (PL  IV.,f.  2Z.J 

G    5 


130  AGARICINI. 

367.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  sobrius.    Fr.     "  Sober  Naucoria." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  slightly  viscid,  sub- 
silky,  disc  darker,  veil  pruinose,  fugacious;  stem  nearly  fistulose, 
brownish  at  the  base,  clad  with  white  flocci ;  gills  adnate,crowded, 
broad,  pallid,  saifron  yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  200.  Ann.  N.  H.  no, 
912. 

On  the  ground.     Sept.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  about  an  inch,  broad,  yellowisb,  the  edge  of  the  gills  bacoming 
whitish  ;  stem  1|  in.  long,  i  line  thick,  pallid  above,  ferruginous  brown 
below,  here  and  there  with  whitish  silky  spots. 

368.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  eschazoides.    Fr.    "  Campanu- 

late  Naucoria." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  conico-convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse, 
squamuloso-furfuraceous,becoming  pallid;  stem  fistulose,  flexuous, 
with  adpressed  fibrils,  at  length  smooth  and  pallid ;  gills  fixed, 
lax,  ventricose,  pallid,  clay-colour  or  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
201.    B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  f  1866),  no.  1122.  Scliceff.  t.  226. 

On  bare  ground.     Aug.     Apethorpe. 

Pileus  campauulate,  obtuse,  slightly  fleshy,  nmbonate  or  umbilicate, 
sometimes  plane,  hygrophanous,  innato-squamulose,  often  venulose,  tawny, 
at  length  pallid  ;  veil  white,  evanescent ;  stem  flexuous,  nearly  equal,  clothed 
with  white  fibrils,  pale,  ringless,  fistulose  ;  gills  broad,  bright  cinnamon, 
distant,  fixed,  acute  behind,  at  length  seceding  ;  spores  '0006  X  '00065  in, 
long,  of  a  pure  ocbre,  not  peroxidate,  brittle. — B.  (t  Br. 

369.  Agazicus  (Naucozia)  conspersus.     P.     "Sprinkled 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  nearly  even,  at 
length  mealy,  and  broken  up  into  scales,  hygrophanous  ;  stem 
fibrillose,  brownish  cinnamon;  gills  adnate,  rather  receding, 
crowded,  cinnamon  colour. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.2Ql.  Pers.Ic.  ^  Desc. 
t.  12,  f.  3.  Kromhh.  t.  3,/.  12.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  911. 

In  woods  and  moist  places.     Sept.     Colleyweston. 

Gregarious  ;  pileus  cinnamon-bay,  ochrey  when  dry,  ^-1  in.  broad  ;  gills 
linear  or  ventricose ;  stem  1-2  in.  long,  1  line  thick,  fibrillose,  cinnamon, 
mealy  above. 

370.  Agazicus  (Naucozia)  ezinaceus.     Fr.     "  Hedgehog 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  subumbilicate,  squamose  with 
fasciculate  hairs  ;  stem  slender,  fistulose,  short,  incurved, 
hairy ;  gills  adnate,  rather  crowded,  quite  entire. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
201.  Sow.  ^417.  Batt.  t.  2S,  f.K.  Eng.Fl.  y.p.  98. 


AGARICINI.  131 

On  dead  sticks.     Rare. 

Small,  solitary,  persistent ;  stem  slightly  fistulose,  adnata,  on  the  epider- 
mis of  branches,  by  a  dilated  base,  clothed  with  white  pubescence,  incurved, 
equal,  about  4  lines  high,  scarce  1  line  thick,  umber-ferruginous  ;  pileus 
subcarnose,  disc  umbilicate,  i  in.  broad,  scaly  with  very  dense  fasciculate 
locks,  umber-ferruginous,  margin  at  first  involute  j  gills  rather  broad,  not 
close,  adnata. — Fi^. 

371.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  siparius.     Fr,    "Veiled 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  plane,  obtuse ;  stem  stuffed,  pruinose 
above,  clothed,  as  well  as  the  pileus,  with  downy  scales ;  gills 
adnate,  broad,  rather  distant,  floccose  at  the  edge. — Fr.  Epicr. 
J9.201.   CJ2ev.t.6,f.9.  Ann,  N.H.no.  GSL 

On  soil,  fern  stems,  &c. 

Resembling  A.  erinaceus,  but  softer,  and  not  so  bright  in  colour,  brownish 
rust-colour  ;  stem  |-1  in.  longj  pileus  3-5  lin.  broad,  densely  villoso- 
equamulose. 

372.  Agaricus  (Naucoria)  carpophilus.    Fr.     '-Beech-mast 

Naucoria." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  convex,  obtuse,  mealy  with  shin- 
ing atoms  (not  pilose,  rarely  squamulose) ;  stem  somewhat 
stuffed,  short,  slender,  mealy,  then  naked,  pallid ;  gills  rounded 
behind,  adnexed,  nearly  free,  broad,  rather  distant,  crenulate, 
ochraceous. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  202.  Ann.N.H.no.  910. 

On  the  pericarps  and  leaves  of  beech.     Sept.     Colleyweston. 

Small,  pallid  when  dry  ;  pileus  2-3  lines  broad,  hygrophanous,  shining, 
with  mealy  atoms,  tan-coloured  when  moist.  Stem  scarcely  1  in.  long,  fili- 
form, pallid,  at  first  mealy,  then  naked. 

Suh-Gen.  24.     Galera.     Fr.  S.  M.i.p.  264. 

Spores  ochraceo-ferruginous  ;  veil  often  wanting,  when  pre- 
sent fibrous  and  fugacious ;  pileus  more  or  less  campanulate, 
margin  straight,  at  first  adpressed  to  the  stem  ;  stem  cartilagi- 
nous, fistulose,  confluent  with  but  heterogeneous  from  the 
hymenophore  ;  gills  adnate,  or  with  a  decurrent  tooth  (exactly 
as  mMycena). 

Hab.  The  greater  nimiberof  species  are  terrestrial. 

(PZ./F.,/.  24.) 

The  species  are  not  numerous,  and  most  are  slender  and  brittle,  appearing 
in  the  autumn.  Galera  corresponds  with  Mycena,  Xolanea,  Psatkyra,  and 
Psathyrella.^  W.  G.  8. 


132 


AGAEICINI. 


Sect.  1.     Pluteotropi — viscid. 

373.  Agaricus  (Galera)  reticulatus.     P.     "  Reticulated  Galera. " 

Pileus  slightly  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  rugoso- 
reticulate,  viscid ;  margin  striate  ;  stem  fragile,  fibrillose,  white  ; 
gills  free,  ventricose,  crowded,  saffron  yellow,  to  ferruginous. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  203.  Pers.  Ic.  ^  Desc.  t.  4./.  4-6.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  9,/. 
5.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  70. 

On  dead  wood.     Rare. 

In  the  young  state  the  pileus  is  of  a  delicate  bistre,  and  it  is  only  in  age 
that  it  assumes  aviolot  tinge,  apparently  from  the  colour  of  the  spores  being 
partly  seen  through  the  flesh. — M.J.B.  Stem  2  in.  long,  white,  slightly 
mealy  above.  Pileus  2  in.  broad,  at  first  viscid,  and  reticulated  with  anasto- 
mosing veins,  becoming  smooth  with  age. 

374.  Agaxicus  (Galera)  aleuriatus.     Fr.     "  Striate  Galera." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conico-convex,  then  plane,  viscid, 
not  wrinkled,  striate  ;  stem  slender,  pulverulent,  rather  incurved, 
white ;  gills  free,  ventricose,  ochraceous  saffron-colour. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  20.3.  B.  Sf  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866),  no.  1123. 

On  rotten  sticks.     Oct.     Coed  Coch. 

An  extremely  pretty  species.  Smaller  and  more  delicate  than  A.  retku- 
latus.  Pileus  blue-grey,  pallid,  or  roseate  ;  spores  pale  saffron  yellow.  Stem 
about  1  in.  long.     Pileus  about  1  in.  broad,  striate,  but  not  rugose. 

Sect.  2.     Polytropi. 

375.  Agaricus  (Galera)  ovalis.     Fr.     "  Oval  Galera." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  oval,  or  campanulate,  even,  hygro- 
phanous  ;  stem  straight,  equal,  slightly  striate,  nearly  of  the 
same  colour  ;  gills  almost  free,  ventricose,  very  broad,  ferrugi- 
nous.— Berk.  Outl.  p.  163.  Bull.  t.  552. /.I.  A.  campanulatus. 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  205. 

On  dung.     Rare. 

Pileus  dusky-ferruginous,  larger  than  A.  tener.  Gills  at  length  somewhat 
liquescent.  Stem  about  3  in.  long,  straight,  of  the  same  colour  as  the 
pileus.  Pileus  about  1  in.  high  and  broad,  ferruginous  when  moist,  yel- 
lowish when  dry. 

Sect.  3.     Teneri — slender. 

376.  Agaricus  (Galera)  lateritius.     Fr.     "  Brick-red  Galera." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  acorn-shaped,  then  conical,  even, 
hygrophanous  ;  stem  tall,  fragile,  straight,  attenuated  upwards. 


AGAEICINl.  133 

frosted  with  white  meal  ;  gills  nearly  free,  linear,  very  narrow, 

tawnv,  ferruginous. — Fr.Epicr.  p.  20-4.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1846,/.  2. 

Battt.  28,  T. 

In  rich  pastures.     Rare. 

Stem  white,  3  in.  and  more  long  ;  pileu3  pinkish  ochre,  about  1  in.  high; 
when  moist  the  margin  is  closely  striate. 

377.  Agaricus  (Galera)  tener.     Schceff.     "  Slender  Galera." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conico-campanulate,  obtuse,  hy- 
grophanous  ;  stem  straight,  fragile,  rather  shining,  nearly  of  the 
same  colour ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  ascending,  rather  broad, 
cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  |).  204.  Schceff.  t.  70,  f.  Q-S.  Sow.  t.  33. 
BuU.t.D3D.  Bolt.  t.  66,  f.  2.  Fng.Fl.y.p.lOO. 

Rich  pastures,  dungy  ground,  &c.     Common. 

[United  States.] 

Pileus  1  in.  high  and  broad,  subcarnose,  campanulate,  or  conico-campanu- 
late, smooth,  shining,  ochraceous  when  dry;  gills  pale  ferruginous,  ascending, 
more  or  less  adnate,  ventricose,  or  sublinear,  margin  white,  subserrulate  ; 
stem  3-5  in.  high,  It  line  thick,  striate,  pulverulento-fibrillose,  not  brittle, 
bulbous  at  the  base.— J/./.  ^.  Spores  -00054  X  '0003  in.     (Pl.IV.,f.  24.) 

378.  Agaricus  (Galera)  antipus.     Lasch.     "  Little  pale 

Galera." 

Pileus  campanulate,  then  convex,  even,  hygrophanous,  when 
dry  sprinkled  with  atoms,  disc  slightly  fleshy;  stem  straight, 
short,  striate,  mealy ;  base  bulbous,  fusiform,  rooting  ;  gills 
almost  free,  crowded,  lanceolate,  yellowish  ochre. — Lasch.  no. 
401.  Fr.Fpicr.p.206.  Smith  in  Trans.  Woolh.  CI.  (1870). 

On  mould  in  flower  pots. 

Simple,  slightly  rigid  ;  stem  1  in.,  paler  than  the  pileus.  Pileus  |-1  in., 
not  striate,  when  moist  ochraceous,  when  dry  paler,  almost  white.  Spores 
and  then  the  gills  rabiginous. 

379.  Agaricus  (Galera)  confertus.     Bolt.     "  Crowded  Galera." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  acutely  conico-campanulate,  smooth, 
hygrophanous  ;  stem  slender,  silky,  shining,  naked  ;  base  equal, 
deeply  rooting  ;  gills  slightly  adnexed,  subdistant,  white,  then 
brownish-ochraceons. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  206.  Bolt.  t.  18. 

In  stoves.     Rare. 

Densely  crowded,  very  fragile ;  pileus  brown,  ochraceous  when  dry, 
"  conical,  terminating  in  an  acute  point,  which  point  is  tinged  with  yellowish 
brown,  the  rest  white,  the  surface  smooth,  the  substance  light  and  cottony. 
In  large  specimens  it  is  about  1  in.  in  diameter  ;  in  decay  it  withers,  and  be- 
comes like  soft  paper." — Bolton^ 


134  AGARICINI. 

380.  Agaricus  (Galera)  sparteus.     Fr,     "  Meadow  Galera." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  convex,  then  expanded, 
obtuse,  livgrophanous,  dry,  even,  smooth  ;  stem  slender,  rigid, 
flexible,  smooth;  gills  adnate, cro\vded,  plane, cinnamon  coloured. 
-^Fr,  Ep.p.  20G.  Bolt,  t  51,/.  1. 

Amongst  moss  in  meadows.     Rare. 

Pileus  5  lines  broad,  cinnamon,  striate  and  pellucid  when  moist,  when  dry 
tan-coloured.  Stem  1-2  in.  long,  polished,  smooth,  base  darker,  of  a  brightish 
brown. 

Sect.  4.     HypnophilcB — amongst  moss. 

381.  Agaricus  (Galera)  embolus.     Fr.     "Heath  Galera." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  obtuse,  radiato-striate, 
hjgrophanous  ;  stem  very  smooth,  shining,  thickened  upwards ; 
gills  adnate,  triangular,  thick,  very  distant,  cinnamon. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  207. 

Amongst  heath. 

When  moist  shining,  reddish  tawny,  when  dry  ochraceous.  Stem  2  in. 
long,  yellow,  manifestly  thickened  upwards,  smooth,  naked.  Pileus  ^  in. 
broad,  hygrophanous. 

382.  Agaricus  (Galexa)  hypnorum.     Batsch.     "  Moss-loving 

Galera." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  suhpapillate,  smooth, 
striate,  hygrophanous  ;  stem  slender,  flexuose,  lax,  of  the  same 
colour,  apex  pniinose;  gills  adnate,  rather  distant,  broad,  lax,  at 
length  plane, cinnamon-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  201 .  Batsch. f.  96. 
Sow.  t.  282.  Bull.  t.  560,/.  i.  C.E.     Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  100. 

Amongst  moss.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  2-3  lines  broad,  conico-campanulate,  of  a  beautiful  tawny  brown 
when  moist,  or  sometimes  reddish,  the  striate  margin  only  when  dry  retain- 
ing its  original  hue,  the  rest  pale,  flesh  thick  in  the  centre,  turning  pale 
like  the  pileus.  Gills  ventricose,  adnexed  or  adnate,  tawny,  rather  broad. 
Stem  1  in.  high,  filiform,  minutely  fistulose,  paler  than  the  pileus,  pruinose. 
—M.  J.  B. 

383.  Agaricus  (Galera)  sphagnorum.     Pers.     "  Bog-moss 

Galera." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  smooth,  striate,  yellow- 
ochraceous,  disc  broad ;  stem  long,  slender,  sub-fibrillose,  tawny, 
gills  adnate,  subdistant,  broad. — Pers.  S?/n.p.  3S6.  Bull.t.660j 
/.  H.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  1008. 


AGAEICINI.  135 

On  Sphagnum,  on  the  borders  of  a  pine  wood.     Aug.     Aboyne. 

Twice  or  three  times  larger  than  A.  kypnorum,  of  which  Fries  considers  it 
a  variety. 

Sect.  5.     Eriodermei — squamulose. 

384.  Agaricus  (Galera)  xnycenopsis.    Fr.     "White-scaled 

Galera." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campannlate,  then  expanded,  disc 
even,  slightly  striate  to  the  middle,  about  the  margin  at  first 
whitish-silky,  and  veiled;  stem  much  attenuated,  whitish-silky; 
gills  adnexed,  seceding,  ventricose,  rather  distant,  whitish,  then 
pale  ochre. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  20S.  B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1866,  no. 
1124. 

In  marshy  ground  amongst  Sphagnum.     Aug. — Oct. 

The  specimens  hitherto  found  belong  to  the  variety  mentioned  by  Fries, 
with  adnata  gills.  Pileus  with  the  margin  clothed,  with  Httle  white  scales, 
the  remains  of  the  veil ;  stem  slightly  furfuraceous  above  ;  gills  adnate,  not 
merely  fixed  by  a  tooth. — B.  d:  Br. 

385.  Agaricus  (Galera)  paludosus.     Fr.     '•  Swamp  Galera." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  then  convex,  acutely 
umbonate,  hygrophanous,  silky  everywhere  with  persistent 
white  hairs  ;  stem  fistulose,  twisted,  encircled  with  the  remains 
of  the  white  veil ;  gills  adnate,  plane,  ovate,  pale  honey  colour. 
— Fr.Ejncr.  p.  20d.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.R.  1866,no.  1125. 

In  marshy  ground,  amongst  Sphagnum.     Aug.    King's  Cliffe. 

Stem  H-3  in.  long,  1  line  thick.  Pileus  ^  in.,  when  moist  brownish  honey 
colour,  when  dry  tan-coloured. 

Suh-Gen.  25.     Tubaria.     Smith.  Seem.  Journ.,  1870. 

Pileus  generally  depressed,  at  first  with  an  incurved  margin ; 
stem  cartilaginous,  hollow,  confluent  with  but  heterogeneous 
from  the  hymenophore  ;  gills  decurrent.         (P/.  IV.,  Jig.  25.) 

As  in  Eccilia  there  are  very  few  known  representatives  of  this  sub-genus, 
either  British  or  Foreign.  It  is  analogous  with  Omphalia,  Eccilia,  and 
Deconica. —  W,  G.  S. 

386.  Agaricus     (Tubaria)    inquilinus.      Fr.      '-Little 

Tubaria."' 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  convexo-plane,  smooth,  slightly 
striate,  hygrophanous,  centre  somewhat  fleshy  ;  stem  fistulose, 
short,  tough,  dark  brown,  attenuated  downwards ;   gills  adnato- 


136  AGARICINI. 

decurrent,  triangular,  convex,  scarcely  crowded,  brownisli  fer- 
ruginous.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  199.  Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  99. 

On  chips  in  woods,  gardens,  &c. 

Pileus  a  few  lines  across  (3-6.)  Stem  1  in.  or  more  higli,  minutely  fistu- 
lose,  dark  umber,  with  white  fibrillae  and  scales. — M.J.B.  Analogous  with 
A.  (Omphalia)  sjyhagnicola. —  W.G.S. 

387.  Agaricus    (Tubaria)    furfuraceus.      P.      "Mealy 

Tubaria." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  then  depressed, 
moist,  hygrophanous,  at  first  clothed  with  silky  evanescent 
scales,  then  naked  ;  stem  fistulose,  flocculose,  rigid,  pallid;  gills 
adnato-decurrent,  rather  distant,  cinnamon  coloured. — Fr. 
Epicr.p. 200.  Bull.  t.  6^3,  f.  3.  Batsch.f.^S.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.m. 

On  chips,  &c.     Common.  [Cincinnati.] 

Spores  '00022  in.  long.  Pileus  f-1  in.  broad,  subcarnose,  at  first  convex, 
at  length  expanded,  often  umbilicate,  rich  umber,  or  cinnamon  when  moist; 
ruargin  transparent,  sprinkled,  especially  towards  the  margin,  with  white 
fibrillae,  or  little  branny  scales,  when  dry  white  or  reddish-tan;  gills  broad, 
subdecurrent,  moderately  distant,  pale  cinnamon.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  1.2 
lines  thick,  nearly  equal,  or  slightly  thickened  at  thebase,flexuous,  fistulose, 
fibrillose,  or  furfuraceous. — M.  J.  B. 

338.        Agaricus  (Tubaria)  autochthonus.    B.SfBr.    "  Ochrey- 

white  Tubaria." 

Pileus  obtuse,  hemispherical,  ochrey-white,  silky,  margin  floc- 
culose ;  stem  slender,  flexuous,  incrassated  above  and  below, 
whitish,  woolly ;  gills  horizontal,  with  a  distinct  adnate  tooth, 
honey-coloured. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.II.(18Q6),no.  1121. 

On  the  naked  soil.      Woodnewton,  Norths. 

Pileus  ^  in.  across;  stem  f  in.  high,  not  half  a  line  thick  in  the  centre. 
Spores  paler  than  in  ^4. /(4//(i/-ace«t.9,  "00019  inch  long.  It  does  not  become 
pallid  in  drying,  like  that  species,  lautis  of  an  ochraceous  white  from  the  first. 


Series  4.     Pratellae,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  212. — Spores  various  shades 
of  brownish  purple,  dark  purple,  or  intense  brown. 

Sub-Gen.  26.     Psalliota,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  212. 

Spores  dark  brownish-purple,    dead  brown,    reddish-purple, 
pale  slate,  or  pinkish ;   veil  universal,  concrete  with  the  cuticle 


Series    4.       PElATEIiIi^.— ,S/>cr^s    PmyJe. 

*  Hymenophore  distinct  from  the  fleshy  Stem. 


PI. 


27.  PI  LOSHCC. 

NOT   BRITISH. 


**  Hymen  Dphore  confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  fleshy  Stem. 


2S'  .STROPHHRIH 


N 


o 


0^ 


29  .HYPHOL  OM  H  . 


•**  Hymenophore  confluent  with,  but  heterogeneous  from  the  cartilaginous  Stem. 


SO.  PSl  LOC  VB£  . 


Z> 


0 


u 


■>NCS  HONtT  ceL 


(  32  .DCdON  I  Cm.) 


AGAEICINI.  137 

of  the  pileus,  and  fixed  to  the  stem,  forming  a  ring;  pileus 
fleshy;  stem  distinct  from  the  hvmenophore,  furnished  with  a 
ring  ;  gills  free,  and  rounded  behind,  at  first  white,  then  pink, 
afterwards  intense  purple-brown.  (P/.  F.,/.  26.) 

Hab.  All  the  species  are   terrestrial,  mostly  growing  in  rich 
pastures  and  on  manured  ground. 

Most  of  the  species  appear  in  the  antumn,  and  several  are  valued  for  their 
esculent  properties.    Psalliota  corresponds  with  Lej)iota. 

389.  Agaricus  (Psalliota)  arvensis.     Schceff.     '-Horse 

Mushroom." 

Pileus  fleshy,  conico-campanulate,  then  expanded,  at  first  floc- 
coso-farinose,  then  nearly  smooth,  even,  or  cracked  ;  stem  hollow, 
with  a  floccose  pith ;  ring  pendulous,  broad,  double,  the  outer 
split  in  rays  ;  gills  free,  broader  in  front,  dirty  white,  then  red- 
dish-brown.—#r.  Epicr.p.  213.  Schceff.  t.  310,  311.  Paul.  1. 134, 
/.  1-2.  Smith,  EJL9.  Hogg  4' Johnst,t.  17.  Vent.  t.  lb,  f.  1-2. 
Berk.  Out!.  1. 10,  f.  1.  Huss.  i.  t.  76,  77.  Badh.  i.  t.  6,/.  1.  A 
Georgii,  Sow  t.  304.  Eng.  Fl.  v.;;.  105.  A.edulis,  Krombh.  t.  23, 
/.  11-11,  t.  2Q,f.  9-13.  Tratt.essh.  t.  J.  A.exquisitus,  Vitt.  Mang. 
t.20. 

var.    villaticus.    Brand.     Acquires  a  large  size,  and  is  very 
scaly. 

In  meadows,  often  in  rings.     Esculent.     Suffolk. 

Pileus  4-18  in.  broad,  white,  stained  with  yellow,  convex,  very  thick,  firm 
and  tough,  quite  smooth,  or  clothed  with  broad,  tawny,  more  or  less  concen- 
tric, adpressed  scales,  flesh  yellowish  when  cut,  juice  yellow;  gills  adnata, 
broad,  numerous,  white  or  very  pale  flesh  colour,  at  length  dark  purplish 
brown.  Stem  2-5  in.  high,  1-2  in.  thick,  firm,  the  centre  loose  and  web-like, 
when  bruised  yellow,  especially  below.  Distinguished  from  A.  campestris  by 
the  almost  white  gills  (when  young)  and  the  yellow  stains  when  bruised. — 
M.  J.  B.     Spores  variable  in  size,  average  "0004  X  '00025  in.—  W.  G.  S. 

390.  Agaricus  (Psalliota)  camp estris.     L.     ■•  Common 

Mushroom." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  dry,  silky,  floccose  or  squamu- 
lose  ;  stem  stuffed,  even,  white,  ring  medial,  somewhat  torn  ; 
gills  free,  approximate,  ventricose,  sub-deliquescent,  flesh- 
coloured,  then  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  213.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 10,  f.  2. 
Huss.  l,t.  90.  Hogg  ^-  Johnst.  1. 19.  Cooke,  B.F.  t.  10.  Smith, EM. 
/.  5.  Schfpn.t.?y?>.  Vent.  t.  14.,  f.  4^1.  Fault. 130.  Sow.  t.  305. 
Grev.  t.  161.  Vitt.  Jiang,  t.  6-8.  Krombh.  t.  23,  f.  1-8.  Fratt.  essh. 
t.K.  Eng. Fl.Y. p. 10^.  Gonn.  4- Fabh.  iv.  t.  1-2.  Barla,t.21. 
Price,/.  63.    Badh.  i.  t.  4,  5,  ii.  t.  4./.  3-5. 


138  AGAEICINI. 

In  rich  pastures.     Common.     Esculent.     [United  States.] 

var.     pratensis.     Vitt,     Distinguished  by  the   small   rufous 
scales  of  the  pileus,  and  the  flesh  having  a  slight  pink  tinge. 
In  pastures.     Kings  Cliffe.     E.  Bergholt. 

var.  silvicola.  Vitt.  Pileus  smooth,  shining  ;  stem  elon- 
gated, somewhat  bulbous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  213.  Krombh.  t.2S,f. 
8.  PauI.t.lSS. 

In  woods. 

var.  hoztensis.  Auct.  Pileus  fibrillose  or  squamulose, 
brownish,  var.  elongatus,  Gard.  Chron.l8Q0,p.  lOGl,  Jig.  var. 
Buchana?ii,  Gard.  Chron.  ISQO)  p.  1039, Jig. 

This  is  the  cultivated  form. 

var.  vaporarius.  Otto.  Pileus  even,  with  a  brown  pilose 
coat,  which  also  covers  the  stem  and  leaves  transverse  fragments 
thereon  as  it  elongates. — Kronibh.  t.  26,  J.  14, 15.  Paul.  1. 132. 
Letell.  t.  659. 

var.  rufescens.  Berk.  A  distinct  variety,  which  is  rufous, 
like  A.  vaccinus,  and  whose  flesh  turns  of  a  bright  red  when 
bruised.  The  gills  are  at  first  perfectly  white. — Berk.  Outl.  1. 10, 
/.3. 

Pileus  2-5  in.  broad,  at  first  eonvex,  then  plano-convex,  -white,  silky,  or 
clothed  Avith  reddish-brown,  adpressed  fibrillse,  collected  into  little  fas- 
cicles, cuticle  easily  separating  from  the  flesh,  projecting  beyond  the  gills 
and  often  curled  back,  fleshy  ;  flesh  firm,  thick,  white,  more  or  less  stained 
with  red  dish -brown,  especially  when  bruised  ;  gills  very  unequal,  at  first  of 
a  beautiful  pink,  free,  obtuse,  and  sometimes  forked  behind,  broad  in  the 
middle,  at  length  dark,  mottled  with  the  brownish  purple,  minute,  sub- 
elliptic  spores,  the  edge  white  and  minutely  denticulate.  Stem  2-3  in.  high, 
^-f  in.  thick,  nearly  equal  or  sub-bulbous,  white,  beautifully  but  minutely 
silky,  furnished  with  a  thick  spongy  ring,  generally  above  the  middle,  firm, 
when  quite  young  there  is  a  fine  silky  universal  veil. — M.J.B.  Spores 
•00032  X  -0002  in.— TF.  G.  S.  (PI.  V.,f.  26.) 

391.  Agaricus  (Fsalliota)  silvaticus.     Schceff.    "  Wood 

Psalliota." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  gibbous, 
fibrillose  or  squamulose ;  stem  hollow,  unequal,  whitish ;  gills 
free,  crowded,  rather  thin,  dry,  reddish,  then  brown. — Fr.Epicr. 
p.2U.  Schceff.  t.  24:2.  Kro?7ihh.t.  23, J.  9, 10.  Berk.  Outl. p.  167. 

In  woods.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  brownish,  smell  strong.  Stem  longer  and  more  slender  than  in  A. 
eampestris,  3  in.  and  more  long,  ^\n.  thick.  Ring  distant,  variable.  Pileus 
3  in.  broad,  floccose,  scaly,  disc  at  length  smooth,  sub-ferruginoas,  scales 
nifescent  or  tawny  ;  margin  cracked.    Spores  '00017  X  '00025  in. 


AGAEICINI.  139 

392.  Agaricus  (Psalliota)  elvensis.     B.  Sf  Br.     "Tufted 

Psalliota." 

Csespitose.  Pileus  from  sub-globose  to  hemisplierical,  fibril- 
lose,  broken  up  into  large  persistent  brown  scales,  areolate  intbe 
centre,  margin  thick,  coyered  witb  pyramidal  warts  ;  stem  fibril- 
lose  below,  ring  very  large,  areolato-verrucose  beneath ;  gills 
free,  brownish  flesh  colour. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  1009. 

Under  oak  trees.     Sept.     Bodelwyddan. 

Pileus  at  first  sub-globose,  then  hemisplierical,  6  in.  or  more  across,  mar- 
gin very  obtuse  ;  stem  at  first  nearly  equal,  at  length  swollen  in  the  centre, 
and  attenuated  at  the  base,  4  in.  high,  2  in.  thick  in  the  centre,  fibrillose 
and  areolate  below,  nearly  smooth  within  the  pileus,  solid,  stuffed  with  deli- 
cate threads  ;  ring  thick,  very  large,  deflexed,  broken  here  and  there  ;  gills 
4  in.  broad,  free,  of  a  brownish-flesh  colour;  flesh  of  pileus  J  in.  thick  in 
centre,  turning  red  when  cut.    Taste  and  smell  excellent. — B.  ct  Br. 


Sub-Gen.  27.     Pilosace,  Fr. 

Agrees  in  structure  with  Pluteus,  and  has  the  hymenophore 
distinct  from  the  ringless  stem.  There  are  no  British  represen- 
tatives. (FL  v., jig  21.) 

Sub- Gen.  28.     Stropharia,  Fr.  Monog.  Hymen,  i.  p.  409. 

Spores  intense  bright  purple-brown,  brown  or  slate-colour; 
veil,  if  present,  universal,  superficial,  scaly,  or  viscid ;  stem  con- 
fluent behind,  and  homogeneous  with  the  hymenophore ;  gills 
not  free,  and  rounded. 

Hab.  Terrestrial  or  epiphytal.  (PL  V.,  f.  28.) 

Formerly  included  under  Psalliota  ;  but  now  separated  by  Fries  on  account 
of  the  different  habit,  different  attachment  of  the  gills,  and  other  characters  ; 
the  species,  of  which  none  are  edible,  have  various  habits,  but  most  are 
epiphytal,  as  are  the  analogues.  Stropharia  corresponds  with  Armillaria 
and  Pholiota.—  W.  G.  S. 

393.  Agaricus  (Stropharia)  Jerdoni.     Berk.     "  Jerdon's 

Stropharia."' 

Pileus  campanulate,  obtuse,  umbonate,  fleshy,  ochraceous,  dry, 
adorned  with  superficial  white  evanescent  scales,  cuticle  not 
separating  ;  stem  silky  or  squamulose,  hollow ;  ring  superior ; 
gills  pallid,  then  brown,  transversely  striate. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  913,  ^xiv./.  2. 

On  fir  stumps.     Nov.     Mossburnford. 


140  AGAEICINI. 

Pileus  2  in.,  ochraceous  (brown  when  dry),  campanulate,  obtuse,  with  a 
broad  umbo,  fleshy,  minutely  rivulose,  adorned  with  superficial  evanescent 
snow-white  scales,  cuticle  not  peeling  off;  stem  3  in.,  2-3  lin.  thick,  cylin- 
drical, snow-white,  pulverulent  above,  brownish, with  silky  transverse  scales 
below  ;  ring  superior,  deflexed ;  gills  adnate,  sending  a  line  down  the  stem, 
but  not  truly  d^^current,  pallid,  then  brown,  transversely  striate.  Spores 
dark  brown. — M .  J.  B. 

394.  Agazicus  (Stropharia)  versicolor.     With. 

"  Withering's  Stropharia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo- plane,  squamose,  scales  of  tlie  disc 
crowded;  stem  sjDongy, stuffed,  bulbous,  whitish,  then  brownish, 
ring  persistent  ;  gills  decurrent,  pallid,  then  reddish-brown. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  218.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  167.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  109. 

Pileus  greenish  brown.  Not  been  found  since  the  time  of  Withering. 
''Pileus  1-4  in.  broad,  scurfy  especially  in  the  centre,  convex,  at  length  flat, 
but  the  edge  much  curled  in  ;  gills  decurrent;  stem  2  in.  high,  as  thick  as  a 
swan's  quill,  thickest  downwards." — With. 

395.  Agaricus  (Stropharia)  aeruginosus.     Curt.      "  Livid 

Green  Stropharia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  subumbonate,  clothed  with 
green  evanescent  slime,  becoming  paler ;  stem  hollow,  equal, 
fibrillose  or  squamose  below  the  ring,  tinted  with  blue ;  gills 
adnate,  soft,  brown,  tinged  with  purple. — F?\  Epicr.  p.  218. 
Curt.  FL  Lond.  t.  309.  Sow.  t.  261.  Kromhh.  t.  3,/.  27,  28,  t. 
62,/.  11,  14.  Schceff.  t.  1.  Batsch.  f.  218.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1248. 
Huss.  i.  t.  35.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  109.  Smith,  P.M./.  25.  Price,/. 
121. 

In  meadows,  &c.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Gregarious  ;  pileus  1-4  in.  broad,  convex,  thin,  expanded,  fleshy,  dull  yel- 
low, but  covered  with  blue  gluten,  above  this,  but  not  always,  clothed  with 
pure  white  scales  ;  gills  purple  brown,  or  sometimes  umber,  plane,  or  very 
slightly  ventricose,  adnate  with  a  small  tooth,  margin  white,  pulverulent; 
stem  2-3  in.  high,  3-6  lines  thick,  penetrating  into  the  soil  by  strong  branched 
white  fibres,  straight  or  flexuous,  sometimes  bulbous,  scaly  ;  scales  reflexed, 
at  length  more  or  less  smooth,  with  various  tints  of  blue,  green,  or  yellow, 
at  first  stuffed,  then  hollow,  various  in  stature,  sometimes  very  short  and 
thick,  mottled  longitudinally  with  blue  within,  the  centre  white  ;  ring  in 
general  fugacious,  smell  disagreeable.— 3/.  J".  B.  Spores  '00028  X  '0002  in. 
There  is  a  variety  of  this  species  with  the  pileus  perfectly  white  from 
the  first.  (Fl.  V.,Jic/.  2S.) 

396.  Agaricus  (Stropharia)  albo-cyaneus.     Desm.  "  Blue 

and  White  Stropharia." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  umbonate,  even,  viscid,  greenish,  then 
whitish ;   stem  hollow,  thin,  flexuose,   even,  whitish  ;   ring   in- 


AGAEICINI.  141 

complete  ;  gills  attenuated,  fixed,  -^hitisli  flesh-colour,  then 
brownish  purple. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  219.  Pers.  M.  E.  t.  29,/.  2, 3. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  793. 

In  meadows  and  on  dung.     Oct.     Nov. 

Resembling  A.  ceruginosus,  but  more  delicate  and  softer.  Both  sometimea 
occur  together.  It  may  possibly  be  only  a  variety.  Stem  about  2  in.  long. 
Spores  a  different  shade  of  colour  from  the  last ;  •0002"  X  "00017  in. 

397.  Agaricus  (Stropharia)  obtuzatus.    Er.  "Compact 

Stropbaria." 

Pileus  rather  compact,  convex,  then  plane,  obtuse,  somewhat 
dry,  at  length  cracked  or  squamulose  ;  stem  stuffed,  short,  some- 
what attenuated  downwards,  white,  as  well  as  the  tumid  ring ; 
gills  adnate,  plane,  white,  becoming  purplish-umber. — Fr.S.M.p. 
285.  Epicr.  p.  219.  Mon.  Hym.  i.2?.412.  Paul.  t.  101./.  6.  5z5. 

On  the  ground.     Gomshall.  [W.  G.  S.,  etc.] 

Stem  firm,  short,  1-1|-  in.  long,  3  lin.  and  more  thick,  even,  not  squamose, 
white  ;  ring  superior,  deflexed,  white.  Pileus  fleshy,  slightly  viscid,  usually 
dry,  yellow;  flesh  compact,  white  ;  gills  crowded. 

398.  Agaricus  (Stropharia)  xnelaspermus.  ^?/ZZ.  "Black 

Spored  Stropbaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  soft,  even,  smooth,  rather 
viscid ;  stem  hollow,  equal,  smooth,  white,  as  also  the  mem- 
branaceous ring ;  gills  slightly  adnexed,  ventricose,  crowded, 
pallid,  then  violet-black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  219.  Bull.  t.  510,/.  1. 
SchcEff.  t.  51.  Berk.  Outl.  p.  168. 

In  meadows  and  woods.     Rare. 

Somewhat  resembling  ^4.  »7"C£coj::,  but  with  different  coloured  spores  and 
fp.ns.—M.J.B. 

399.  Agaricus  CStropharia)  squaxnosus.     Er.     "  Scaly 

Stropbaria." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convexo-plane,  subviscid,  sprinkled  with 
superficial  concentric  scales  ;  stem  subfistulose,  slender,  below  the 
distant  ring  villoso-squamose  ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  blackish, 
with  a  whitish  edge. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  220.  El.  Dan.  t.  2011  ^f.  1, 
2.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  10,/  6.  Eng.  El.  v.  p.  31*. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  1  in,  or  more  broad,  at  length  nearly  plane,  obtuse,  slightly  viscid, 
shining  when  dry,  ocbre  tinged  with  red-lead,  cloth  d  with  concentric, 
yellowish,  scattered  scales  ;  gills  broad,  clouded  with  olive-black  or  purplish- 
brown  ^  stem  3  in.  or  more  high,  2  lines  thick,  with  a  white  pitu,  at  length 


142  AGARICINI. 

hollow,  furnished  half-way  up  with  a  sub-erect  ring,  above  which  it  is  white 
and  pulverulent,  below  ferruginous  and  villoso-squamose,  strigose  at  the 
slightly  incrassated  base.— J/.  /.  B.  Spores  "00042  X  ■00027  in.  There  is  a 
variety  of  this  species  with  a  chestnut-brown  pileus,  which  is  smooth  from 
the  first. 

400.  Agaxicus  (Strophaxia)  stexcozaxius.   Fr.     "Dung 

iStropharia." 

Pileus  rather  flesliy,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  even,  smooth, 
discoid ;  stem  stuffed,  elongated,  at  first  flocculose  below  the 
distant  ring,  with  a  distinct  pith,  subviscid  ;  gills  adnate,  broad, 
white,  umber,  then  olive-black. — Fr.  Epicr.  jo.  220.  Ann.  N.  H. 
no.  688.  Bull.  t.  566,/.  4.  (notEng.  Ft.  Y>p.  lll.j 

On  dung. 

Distinguished  from  A.  semiglobatus  by  the  distinct  medullary  substance 
■with  which  the  stem  is  stuffed  ;  stem  3  in.  and  more  long,  2-3  lin.  thick, 
yellow  ;  pileus  about  an  inch  broad,  yellowish  ;  spores  unusually  large,  even 
for  a  dung-born  agaric,  -00067  X  '00053  in. 

401.  Agaxicus  (Stxophaxia)  semiglobatus.  Batsch.  "  Semi- 

globose  Stropharia." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  hemispherical,  even ;  stem  fistulose, 
slender,  straight,  smooth,  glutinous,  yellowish  ;  veil  abrupt ; 
gills  adnate,  broad,  plane,  clouded  with  black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
220.  Batsch.  f.  110.  Grev.  t.  344.  Huss.  i.  t.  39.  Eng.  Fl.y.p. 
108. 

On  dung.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  ^-1  in.  or  more  broad,  hemispherical,  yellow,  or  slightly  mottled 
from  the  shining  through  of  the  gills,  viscid  when  moist,  shining  and  smooth 
when  dry,  obtuse,  fleshy,  flesh  white  beneath  the  cuticle,  umber  near  the 
gills  ;  gills  very  broad,  adnate  with  a  little  tooth,  ventricose  or  plane, 
mottled  with  the  purple-brown  spores,  with  at  length  a  cinereous,  sometimes 
a  yellow  tinge  ;  stem 2-3  in.  high,  l-l^  line  thick,  very  viscid,  shining  when 
dry  with  a  closely  glued  silkiness,  fistulose  ;  ring  more  or  less  perfect,  de- 
flexed.— J/.  J.  B.     Spores  '00054  X  -00034  in. 

Sub-Gen.  29.     Hypholoma,  Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  287. 

Spores  brownish-purple,  sometimes  intense  purple,  almost 
black  ;  veil  woven  into  a  spidery  fugacious  web  which  adheres 
to  the  margin  of  the  pileus,  b.  (not  properly  ring-shaped  round 
the  stem)  ;  pileus  with  an  insejDarable  pellicle ;  stem  confluent 
and  homogeneous  with  the  hymenophore. 

Hab.    Generally  stumps.  (PI.  V.,fig.  29.J 

Most  of  the  species  are  gregarious  and  not  edible.  Hypholoma  corresponds 
with  Tricholonia,  Entoloma,  and  Mebeloma. 


AGAEICINl.  143 

A.     Fasciculares. 

402.  Agaricus  (Hypholoina)  sublateritius.  i^r.     "Brick- 

red  Hypholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  discoid,  dry,  at  length 
smooth ;  flesh  compact,  whitish  ;  stem  stuffed,  fibrillose,  attenua- 
ted downwards,  ferruginous  ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  white,  then 
dingy-olive. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  221.  Schceff.  t.4:d,f.  6,  7.  Krombh. 
t.  44,  /.  1-3.  Hedn.  Cryp.  t.  38,  Huss.  i.  t.  60.  Ag.  lateritius. 
Eng.  FL  y.  p.  110.    Smitli.  P.  M,f,  22. 

On  old  stumps.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Gregarious,  csespitose  ;  pileus  2-3  in.  or  more  broad,  fleshy,  always  very 
obtuse,  not  conic,  at  length  expanded,  ocbraceous,  tawny  in  the  centre, 
paler  at  the  margin,  where  it  is  slightly  silky,  when  young  it  is  silky 
all  over.  Veil  stained  wdth  the  spores,  adhering  in  fragments  to  the 
margin ;  gills  rounded  behind,  adnate  with  a  tooth,  scarcely  green, 
clouded  with  the  spores,  margin  uneven ;  stem  3  in.  or  more  high,  2-3 
lines  thick,  often  thickest  below,  stuffed,  yellow,  with  a  more  or  less 
rafescent  tinge,  silky  when  young,  distinctly  squamulose,  or  fibrillose,  firm, 
at  length  fistulose  ;  spores  elliptic,  brown-purple,  but  not  with  a  ferruginous 
tint ;  taste  bitter  and  nauseous  ;  sometimes  rather  difficult  to  distinguish 
from  A.fascicularis. — M.  J.  B.    Spores  "0002  X  "00012  in. 

403.  Agaxicus  (Hypholoma)  capnoides.    i^r.  '*  Fir  Wood 

Hypholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  dry,  very  smooth;  flesh 
thin,  white;  stem  nearly  hollow,  equal,  even,  silky,  pallid  ;  gills 
adnate,  scarcely  crowded,  broad,  dry,  smoky-grev,  then  purplish. 
—Fr.  Epicr. p.222.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  913* 

In  fir  woods.     April.     Apethorpe. 

Odour  and  taste  mild  ;  pileus  of  one  colour,  usually  yellowish,  1-3  in. 
broad  ;  stem  2-3  in.  long,  2-4  lin,  thick,  equal,  curved  and  flexuous,  pallid, 
whitish  above. 

404.  Agaxicus  (Hypholoma)  epixanthus.    Fr.     "  Grey-gilled 

Hyxjholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convexo-plane,  somewhat  gibbous,  even, 
silky,  at  length  smooth,  flesh  yellow  ;  stem  hollow,  subequal, 
floccoso-fibrillose,  whitish,  pruinose  at  the  apex,  brownish  at  the 
base ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  whitish-yellow,  at  length  cinereous. 
—Fr.  Epicr.  p.  222.  Paul.  1. 107.  Batt.  t.  23,  X).  ? 

On  old  fir  stumps.     Mossbumford.     Lea. 

Easily  known  by  the  absence  of  the  bitter  taste  and  cinereous  tint  of  the 
gills;  stem  about  3  in.  long,  3-4  lin.  thick,  pale,  ferruginous,  or  tawny  at  the 
base,  pruinose  above  j  pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  yellow  or  pallid,  the  disc  usually 
darker. 


144  AGARICINI. 

405.  Agaricus  (Hypholoma)  fascicularis.     Hud.     "  Tufted 

yellow  Hypholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  subumbonate,  smooth  ;  stem  hollow,  thin, 
fibiillose,  flexiiose,  flesh  yellow ;  gills  adnate,  much  crowded, 
linear,  siibdeliquescent,  sulphur-coloured,  then  greenish. — 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  222.  Bolt.  t.  29.  Sow.  t.  22b.  Fl.Dan.  t.  2075. 
Krombh.t.A-i,  f.4-D.  Fault.  107.  Vent.  t.  68,  f.  3.  Berk.  Outl. 
t.  11,/.  1.  Huss.ii.  1. 15.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.  111.  Smith. P.M.  \.  Gard. 
Chron.  I860,;?.  337,/^. 

On  old  stumps,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Gregarious,  densely  csespitose.  Pileus  2-in.  broad,  at  first  conic,  then  ex- 
panded, more  or  less  irregular  from  the  tufted  mode  of  growth,  subsarnose, 
thick  in  the  centre,  tawny,  margin  thin,  yellow,  with  portions  of  the  veil 
adhering  to  it,  often  stained  with  the  ferruginous-purple  spores.  Gills  green, 
clouded,  adnate  with  a  subdecurrent  tooth.  Stem  2-9  in.  high,  2  lines  thick, 
curved  and  unequal,  hollow,  fibrillose  or  squamulose,  yellow-greenish  above. 
Ring  stained  with  the  spores.  Taste  bitter  and  nauseous. — 21.  J.  B.  Gills 
separating  from  the  hymenophore.     Spores  "00025  X  '00016  in. 

406.  Agazicus  (Hypholoma)  dispezsus.     Fr.     "  Dispersed 

Hypholoma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  obtuse, 
even,  margin  silky  from  the  veil;  stem  subfistulose,  thin,  tough, 
fibrillose  or  silky,  base  brownish  ;  gills  adnate,  thin,  subventri- 
cose,  crowded,  pallid  straw  colour,  then  clouded. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
222.  Jnn.N.H.no.lU, 

On  stumps,  and  on  the  ground,  in  pine  woods. 

Eiiher  scattered  or  fasciculate.  Pileus  1:5  i^^-  broad,  honey -brown.  Stem 
straight,  2-3  in.  long,  sometimes  6-7  in.,  for  the  greater  part  ferruginous, 
the  apex  pale. 

B.      Velutini. 

407.  Agazicus  (Hypholoma)  laczym.abundus.    Fr,    "Weep- 

ing Hypholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  convex,  spotted  with  innate 
pilose  scales ;  flesh  white ;  stem  hollow,  fibrilloso-squamose, 
rather  thickened  at  the  base,  white ;  gills  adnate,  seceding, 
white,  then  brown  pui-ple. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  223.  Bull.  1. 194. 

On  trunks  and  on  the  ground.     July — Nov. 

Pileus  not  hygrophanous,  2-4  in.  broad,  at  first  somewhat  campanulate, 
at  length  expanded,  fleshy,  margin  thin,  with  a  few  fragments  of  the  veil 
attached,  firm,  pale  reddish  br.  wn,  darker  in  the  centre,  fibrilloso-squamu- 
lose  ;  flesh  pale  umber;  gi'.ls  at  first  pale,  then  reddish  brown,  sub-vtntricose 
towards  the  base,  slightly  attached.   Stem  2-3  in.  high,  3  lines  or  more  thick, 


AGAEICINl.  145 

pale  ninber  towards  the  base,  whitish  above,  subincrassated  below,  sub- 
flexuGus,  fibrillose  or  squamuloso-fibrillose  from  the  remains  of  the  floccose 
ring,  above  squamuloso-pubescent,  truly  fistulose,  the  inside  down}-,  firm, 
elastic,  pale  umber  within.  Odour  disagreeable. — M.J.B.  Spores  almost 
black,  -OUO.S  X  -0002  in.  {PL  V.,f.  29.) 

408.  Agaricus  (Hypholoma)  velutinus.     P.     "Velvety 

Hypholoma." 

Pileus  ratLer  fleshy,  ovate,  then  expanded,  gibhous,  fibrillose 
or  velvety,  becoming  smooth,  hygrophanous,  flesh  yellowish ; 
stem  hollow,  equal,  fibrilloso-striate,  mealy  above,  yellowish ; 
gills  truncato-adnexed,  ventricose,  scarcely  crowded,  brown,  then 
umber,  studded  with  drops  of  moisture. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  224.  Bull. 
t.  bib.f.  3.  Holms,  ii.  t.  35.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 11,  f.  2.  Paul.  t.  bb.f.  1. 
Schceff.  t.  84,  var. 

On  stumps.     Common. 

var.  p.  leiocephalus.     B.^'Br. 

Pileus  hygrophanous,  rugged,  smooth,  except  at  the  margin, 
where  it  is  fibrillose,  pallid,  as  is  the  stem,  whose  apex  is  fari- 
nose.—^. 4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  1009*. 

On  old  stumps.     Sept.     Bodelwyddan. 

Densely  caespitose,  much  smaller  than  the  common  form,  but  apparently 
a  mere  variety,  though  a  very  striking  one,  from  its  smooth,  but  very  rugged 
disc— J/.  /.  B. 

C .      Appendicula  ti. 

409.  Agaxicus  (Hypholoma)  Candollianus.   Fr.   "  Candolle's 

H}7jholoma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate  or  convex,  then  ex- 
panded, obtuse,  smooth,  hygrophanous  ;  stem  hollow,  fragile, 
subfibrillose,  white,  apex  striate  ;  gills  rounded  behind,  adnexed, 
crowded,  violet,  then  brownish  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  224. 
Fl.Dan.  t.  774.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.  113. 

On  dead  stumps.     Eare. 

Pileus  whitish,  ochraceous  in  the  centre,  2-4  in.  broad.    Stem  3  in.  long, 
2-4  lines  thick,  solid  at  the  base. 

410.  Agaricus  (Hypholoma)  lanaripes.     Cooke.     '•  Woolly- 

stemmed.  Hypholoma." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  hygro- 
phanous, squamose  with  superficial  scales  arising  from  the 
breaking  up  of  the  cuticle,  pallid ;    veil  attached  in  fugacious 


146 


AGAEICINI. 


patches  ;   stem  hollow,  fragile,  subfibrillose,  white,  tomentose  at 
the  base;  gills  crowded,  reaching  the  stem,  whitish,  then  purp- 
lish brown.— ^fm.  Journ.  (1863),;?.  66,  t.  3,/.  2. 
On  the  soil  in  conservatories. 

Snbcsespitose.  Pileus  1^-S  in.,  rather  fleshy,  margin  thin,  pallid,  disc 
often  tawny  or  brownish,  margin  purplish,  with  a  shade  of  pink  derived 
from  the  dark  gills  beneath,  the  whole  plant  becoming  dark  brown  on  decay. 
Stem  2-3  in.,  white,  with  radiating  white  hairs  at  the  base.  Gills  reaching 
the  stem,  not  ventricose.  (PI,  I.,Jia.  3.) 

411.  Agaricus    (Hypholoma)  appendiculatus.     Bull.     "Ap- 

pendiculate  Hypholoma." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  ovate,  then  ex- 
panded ;  when  dry  rugose,  and  sprinked  with  atoms ;  stem  fistu- 
lose,  equal,  smooth,  white,  pruinose  above ;  gills  subadnate, 
crowded,  dry,  whitish,  then  rosy  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  224.  Bull. 
^392.  >SW\  i.  324.  Berk.  Outl.t.  11,  f.  ^-4:. 

On  dead  stumps.     Common. 

Pileus  tawny  or  pale  ochre,  2-3  in.  broad.  Veil  attached  in  patches  to 
tbe  margin.     Stem  3  in.  long,  2-3  lin.  thick.     Spores  '00015  X  "0002  in. 

412.  Agaricus  (Hypholoma)  egenulus.    Berk.    "White 

Hypholoma." 

Solitary.  Pileus  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  whitish,  then 
snowy-white,  umbonate,  appendiculate  ;  stem  minutely  adpresso- 
equamulose,  fistulose ;  gills  adnate  with  a  tooth,  purplish- 
umber. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  915. 

On  the  ground,  amongst  grass.     May.     Apethorpe. 

Solitary.  Pileus  \\  in.  across,  hemispherical,  expanded,  umbonate,  but 
not  decidedly  rugose  or  atomate,  of  a  watery  white,  when  dry  snow-white, 
quite  smooth  as  if  delicately  gummed,  even,  except  towards  the  edge,  mar- 
gin finely  striate,  appendiculate;  stem  2  in.  high,  1^  line  thick,  attenuated 
upwards,  or  nearly  equal,  minutely  adpresso-squamose,  fistulose ;  gills 
purplish-umber,  with  a  white  edge,  moderately  distant,  slightly  ventricose, 
adnate  with  a  tooth.     Spores  brown-purple. 

413.  Agaricus  (Hypholoma)  hydrophilus.     Bull.    "Watery 

Hypholoma." 

Pileus  fleshy-membranaceous,  convex,  then  expanded,  sub- 
repand,  smooth,  hygrojjhanous,  rugose,  disc  even,  margin  rather 
broken;  stem  fistulose,  curved,  closely  fibrillose,  growing  pale; 
gills  adnexed ,  ventricose,  crowded,  dripping,  pallid,  then  brownish- 
cinnamon  or  bay. — Bull.  t.hW.  Paul.  t.  110,/.  1.  Fr.  Epicr.p. 
225.  B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  {1^66),  no. 1126.  A.  stipatus.  Eng.FL 
Y.p,  11^,  partly. 


AGAEICINI.  147 


In  woods.     Oct. 


The  veil,  though  fugacious,  at  once  distinguishes  it  from  other  species,  with 
which  it  might  easily  be  confounded.  Pileus  when  fresh  usually  bay, 
when  dry  tawny,  about  H  in.  broad,  flesh  whitish.  Stem  2  in.  long,  1-2  lin. 
thick,  at  first  white,  then  becoming  ferruginous,  slightly  mealy  above. 

Sub-Gen.  30.     Psilocybe,  Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  289. 

Spores  purple,  purple-brown,  or  slate-colour ;  veil  obsolete  (or 
in  a  few  species  fugacious,  wben  present  not  forming  a  ring)  ; 
pileus  glabrous,  at  first  incurved;  stem  cartilaginous,  ringless, 
confluent  with  but  heterogeneous  from  the  hymenophore. 

Hab.  All  grow  on  the  ground.  (FL  F.,/.  30.J 

The  species  are  almost  all  gregarious,  caespitose,  inodorous,  with  fugitive 
colouring,  and  not  edible.  Fries  divides  the  sub-genus  into  two  groups,  the 
tenacious  and  the  fragile.  PsHocyhe  corresponds  with  Collyhia,  Le^tonia.,  and 
N'avA:oria. 

A.  Tenaces — pileus  pelliculose. 

414.  Agaricus  (Psilocybe)  areolatus.    Klot^cli.    "Patchy 

Psilocybe." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  clothed  with  minute  fibrils  ; 
cuticle  cracking  into  nearly  square  patches  ;  stem  fistulose,  fibril- 
lose,  dirty  white ;  gills  adnate,  umber,  at  length  black ;  edge 
white.— ^^r/j.  Outl.p.  172,  no.  33G.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  112. 

In  gardens.     May — Oct.     Glasgow. 

Pileus  ochraceous  or  brown,  l|-3  in.  bread,  convex,  veil  between  fibrous 
and  membranaceous,  fugacious;  gills  2-3  lines  broad,  the  edge  white,  and 
beaded  with  drops  of  moisture.  Stem  2-3  in.  high,  3  lines  thick,  generally 
thickened  at  the  base,  fibrillose,  dirty  white. — Klotsch.  Spores  "OOOoo  X 
•OOOai  in. 

415.  Agaricus  (Psilocybe)  comptulus.     B.^^  Br.     "Sprinkled 

Psilocybe."' 

Pileus  between  conic  and  campanulate,  at  length  expanded, 
palhd,  then  pallid  ochraceous,  striate  ;  margin  sub-crenulate  ; 
stem  flexuose,  shining,  silky,  smooth ;  gills  distant,  ventricose, 
adnate,  and  rosy-umber, — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  917,  t.  14,/.  4. 

In  woods,  amongst  grass.     Oct.     CoUyweston. 

Pileus  1-H  in.,  between  conical  and  campanulate,  at  length  expanded, 
pallid,  acquiring  a  pallid  ochraceous  tint  as  it  loses  its  moisture,  sprinkled 
with  shining  particles,  scarcely  rugulose,  striate;  marf:in  somewhat  crenu- 
late,  at  first  inflexed  ;  stem  2  in.  high,  1-1^  line  thick,  flt-xuose,  undulate, 
smooth,  but  with  a  shining,  silky  aspect,  not  striate  above,  below  acquiring 
a  very  pale  rafous  tinge  ;  gills  distant,  ventrico.^e,  broad,  adnate,  umber, 
with  a  rosy  tinge.    Spores  umber-brown. — B.  dc  Br. 

H    2 


148  AGAEICINI. 

416.  Agaricus  (Psilocybe)  eiicaeus.   Pcrs.    "  Heath  Psilocybe." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  conical,  then  convex,  at  length  plane, 
even,  smooth,  rather  viscid  when  moist,  shining  when  dry;  stem 
somewhat  hollow,  elongated,  tough,  pallid ;  gills  adnate,  broad, 
plane,  pallid,  then  black. — Pers.  Syn.  i^.AlZ.  Fr.  Epicr.p.22d). 
Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  149. 

In  exposed  pastures,  after  rain.     July — Oct. 

Stem  firm,  3-4  in.  long,  yellowish,  or  pallid.  Pileus  scarcely  umbonate, 
1  in.  and  more  across.  Gills  rather  distant,  margin  becoming  whitish. — 
Fries. 

Omitted  from  Berkeley's  "  Outlines"  by  oversight. 

417.  Agaricus  (Psilocyte)  semilanceatus.   Fr.     "Liberty- 

cap  Psilocybe." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  acutely  conical,  almost  cuspidate, 
moist,  viscid,  slightly  striate  ;  stem  medullate,  tough,  flexuose, 
smooth,  pallid;  gills  adnexed,  ascending,  purple-black. — Fr, 
Epicr.  p.  231.   Sow.  t.  240,/.  1-3.  A.  callosus.  Eng.  Fl.  v.|;.  111. 

In  rich  pastures.     Common.      Poisonous. 

Pileus  §  in.  broad,  3  high,  conico-campanulate,  apiculato-umbonate, 
viscid  when  raoist,  shining  when  dry,  pale  ochraceons,  the  margin  darker 
from  its  transparency,  flesh  thick  in  the  centre  ;  gills  ventricose,  adnate, 
chocolate-coloured  J  extreme  margin  white.  Stem  4 in.  high,  slender,  flexuous, 
nearly  equal,  thickened  at  the  very  base,  subrufescent,  fibrillose  below,  pul- 
verulentrcsquamuLse  above,  fistulnse.  base  sometimes  clothed  with  blue 
down.— J/./. ^.     Spores  -OUUS  X  '0003  in. 

B.     Fragiles. 

418.  Agaricus  (Psilocyte)  spadiceus.     Scliaff.     "Bay 

Psilocybe." 

Rigid ;  pileus  fleshy,  convcxo-plane,  obtuse,  even,  moist,  hygro- 
phaiious;  stem  hollow,  tough,  pallid,  apex  even;  gills  rounded 
behind,  adnexed,  drv,  crowded,  whitish,  then  rosy-brown.— i^r. 
Epicr.p.n^j.  ScJii'ff.t.G0,f.4:,6.  Buxb.  iY.t.2d,f.2,var.  A. 
stipalus.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  1\2>^ partly. 

On  dead  stumps,  ground,  &c.,  in  woods.     Common. 

Snbc^spitose.  Usually  of  a  bright  bay-brown,  paler  when  dry.  Stem 
3-4  in.  long,  whitish.  Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  even,  smooth.  Spores  '0003  X 
•0002  in.  [P;.  r.,/.  30.] 

419.  Agaricus  (Psilocyte)  ceruuus.     Miill.     "  Nodding 

Psilocybe." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  convex,  then  expanded, 
gmooth,  hygrophanous,  wrinkled  when  dry;  stem  fistulose,  flexuose, 


AGAEICINI.  149 

smooth,  white,  apex  even,  pruinose  ;  gills  adnate,  subventricose, 
scarcely  crowded,  whitish-cinereous,  then  brownish-black. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  2'2C^.  Schreff.  t.  205.  Paul.  t.  110,  /.  3.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1008 
{notEng.Fl.Y.  p.  114). 

On  chips,  decayed  wood,  &c.     Dec.     Apethorpe. 

Pileus  pallid,  \.-2\  in.  broad,  veil  absent.  Stem  hollow,  2  in.  and  more 
long,  about  2  lines  thick,  whitish.     Spores  -0003  X  •0002  in. 

420.  A§ai:icu3    (Psilocylse)    clivensis.      Berk.      "Pallid 

Psilocybe." 

Pilens  snbhemispherical,  pallid  brown,  then  whitish  ochre, 

even,  atomate,  margin   striate ;    stem   equal,   somewhat  silky ; 

gills  admte,  broadly  emarginate,  horizontal,  umber. — B.  ^'  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  916,  t.  xiv./.  3. 

On  the  ground.      Oct.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  1  in.  across,  subhemispherical,  at  first  pallid  brown,  then  pallid 
ochre  inclining  to  white,  even,  sprinkled  \vith  shining  particles  ;  mtirgin 
striated,  not  straight;  stem  1|  in.  high,  1  line  thick,  tistulose,  nearly  equal, 
except  at  the  very  base,  where  it  is  siightly  clavate,  somewiiat  silky  ;  gills 
broad,  adnate,  widely  ''inarginate,  ventricose  in  front,  rather  distant,  umber, 
margin  white.     Spores  umber. — B.  d;Br. 

421.  Agaric--i3    (Psilocybe)    fcenisecii.      P.      '-Brown 

Psilocybe." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  obtuse, 
dry,  becoming  dry ;  stem  fistulose,  not  rooting,  pallid-rufous, 
even,  smooth  ;  gills  adnate,  ventricose  (as  if  broadly  emarginate), 
scarcely  crowded,  brownish  umber. — F7\  Epicr.p.  227.  Pers.Ic. 
^Des.  t.  11./.  1.  Buxb.iv.  t.  28,  f.  1.  Berk.  Out!,  t.  II.  f.  5.  Huss. 
i.t.39.Eng.Fl.y.p.n2. 

Amongst  grass  in  fields  and  gardens.     Common. 

[United  States.] 

Gregarious.  Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  hemispherical,  or  campanulate,  brown 
nmber,  margin  transparent,  and  minutely  rugose,  banded  with  various  tints 
when  losing  its  moisture  ;  in  decay  it  has  a  burnt  appearance,  and  at  length 
dries  up  and  is  black.  Gills  distant,  broad,  ventricose,  attached,  umber, 
mottled,  extreme  mirein  white.  Stem  2-3  in.  high,  1|- line  thick,  subflexuous, 
fistulose,  at  first  slightly  pulverulent,  umber,  apex  striate,  base  cottony. — 
M.  J.  B.     Spores  with  an  obscure  apiculus  at  one  end,  '0004  X  '00025  in. 

Sub-Gen.  31.     Psathyra.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  231. 

Spores  dark  purple-brown,  approaching  slate-colour ;  veil 
universal,  fibrous,  or  absent,  not  forming  a  ring  ;  pileus  submem- 
branaceous,  conical  or  campanulate,  margin  at  first  straight  and 


150  AGARICINI. 

adpressed  to  the  stem ;  stem  fistulose,  ringless,  cartilaginous, 
fragile,  confluent  with  but  heterogeneous  from  the  hymeno- 
phore. 

Hab.  On  the  ground  or  rotten  wood.  (^Pl.  V.,f.  31.) 

All  are  slender  and  hygrophanous,  with  fugitive  colouring,  and  closely 
allied  to  the  fro.gile  species  of  the  last  subgenus.  Fsathyra  agrees  with 
Mycejia,  Nolanea,  Oalera,  Psathyrella- 

Sect.  1.      Conopili. 

422.  Agaricus    (Psathyxa)    conopilus.      P.      "Silvery 

Psathyra." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  even,  smooth,  grow- 
ing pale  ;  stem  tall,  attenuated  upwards,  smooth,  silvery-shin- 
ing ;  gills  slightly  adnexed,  crowded,  brownish  purple. — Fr. 
Epicr.  ^.231.  Jiingli.  Linn.  v.  t.  6,/.  11. 

In  gardens.     Eare. 

Stem  -i-6  in.  long,  1-2  lines  thick.  Pileus  dirty  white  at  first,  2  in. 
broad. 

423.  Agaricus  (Psathyra)  xnastiger.    Berk.  S)' Br,     "Peaked 

Psathyra." 

Pileus  conico-campanulate,  repand,  dark  brown,  then  tan- 
coloured  ;  stem  straight,  attenuated  upwards  ;  gills  ascending, 
fixed,  umber. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  921,  ^.  xiv,/.  6. 

On  the  roadside,  amongst  grass,     Sept.     Aj^ethorpe. 

Pileus  about  1  in.  across,  at  first  nearly  cylindrical,  obtuse,  then  conico- 
campanulate.  with  a  strong  mammiform  umbo,  repand,  dark  rich  brown  when 
moist,  umber  tan  when  dry,  somewhat  fleshy,  not  striate  ;  margin  straight  ; 
stem  3  in.  or  more  high,  l|-2  lines  thick,  attenuated  upwards,  white,  smooth, 
or  fibrillose  and  furfuraceous,  fistulose,  pale  umber  within,  and  as  the  plant 
dries,  acquiring  the  tint  of  the  pileus,  but  pale  ;  veil  none  ;  gills  umber, 
paler  on  the  edge,  rather  narrow,  affixed,  ascending. — B.d;Br. 

424.  Agazicus    (Psathyra)    corrugis.     P.     "Wrinkled 

Psathyra." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  umbonate,  somewhat 
wrinkled,  smooth,  growing  pale ;  stem  elongated,  equal,  smooth, 
white ;  gills  sinuate,  fixed,  ventricose,  violet,  black. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  231.  Holms. u.t.32.  Eng.Fl.y. p.  116. 

In  pastures. 

var.  /3.  gracilis.  Ft.— Bull.  t.  561,/.  1.  B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
(1866),  710.1126*. 


AGARICINI.  151 

On  the  ground.     Aug.     Woodnewton. 

Pileus  lin.  or  more  broad,  turning  pale,  when  dry  corrugated;  gills  broad  ; 
stem  2-4  in.  high,  1-2  lines  thick,  smooth,  hairy  at  the  ha,3e.— Fries.  Sporea 
•0005  X  -0003  in.  {PI,  V.fig.  31.) 

425.  Agaxicus    (Psathyra)    bifrons.     Berh.     ''Changing 

Psathyra." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  obtuse,  ocbraceous 
brown,  tinged  with  red,  turning  pale- tan  ;  stem  straight,  naked; 
gills  pinkish-cinereous,  adnate  ;  margin  white. — Berh.  Eng.  FL 
v.^.  114.  BerJc.  Outl.p.ll^. 

In  ditches.     Sept.     Rare. 

Pileus  f  in.  broad,  furnished  at  first  with  a  minute  fibrillose,  very  evanes- 
cent veil,  rugulose,  ochraceous-brown,  more  or  less  tinged  with  red,  margin 
thin,  transparent ;  gills  adnate,  moderately  broad,  cinereous,  shaded  with 
pink,  margin  white,  composed  of  minute  wavy  teeth;  stem  2h  in.  high,  1  line 
thick,  filiform,  thickest  at  the  base,  beautifully  but  very  minutely  satiny, 
not  pulverulent,  very  brittle. — M.  J.  B. 


Sect.  2.     Ohtusati. 

426.  Agaxicus  (Psathyra)  spadiceo-griseus.    Schoeff.     "  Bay- 

gi-ey  Psathyra." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conical,  then  campanulate,  ex- 
panded, sub-umbonate,  smooth,  striate  to  the  middle,  hygro- 
phanous  ;  stem  firm,  attenuated  upwards,  shining,  white,  striate 
at  the  apex  ;  gills  adnexed,  rather  crowded,  brown. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.232.  Schcef.t.  237.  FLDan.t.  i673,f.2.  A.stipatus,Eng.Fl. 
Y.p.  113. partly. 

On  chips,  &c. 

Subcsespitose.  Pileus  bright  brown,  2  in.  and  more  broad.  Gills  pale 
umber  at  first.  Stem  umber  within,  about  3  in.  long,  whitish  and  shining, 
striate  above. 

427.  Agaxicus  (Psathyra)  obtusatus.    Fr.     "Obtuse 

Psathyra."' 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conical,  campanulate,  then  ex- 
panded, obtuse,  smooth,  wrinkled,  hygroj)hanous, rather  shining; 
stem  somewhat  rigid,  equal,  even,  nearly  naked,  pallid  ;  incurved 
at  the  base;  gills  adnate,  sub-ventricose,  pallid,  then  umber. — 
Fr.Epicr.p.  232.  Schcef.t.  60,  f.  1-3.  Vaill.t.l2,f.  6,6.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  91S. 


152  AGARICINl. 

On  oak  trunks  and  on  the  ground. 

Solitary  or  coespitose-  Stem  rooting,  2-3  in.  long,  1-2  lines  thick.  Pileus 
umber,  paler  at  the  margin,  1  in.  and  more  broad. 

428.  Agaricus  (Fsathyxa)  fibrillosus.     P.     "  Fibrillose 

Pi^athyra." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  campanulato-conyex,  then  ex- 
panded, slightly  striate,  at  first  fibrillose  ;  stem  elongated,  very 
fragile,  white,  fibrilloso-squamose  ;  gills  adnate,  plane,  very  broad 
behind,  purplish-black. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  232.    Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  113. 

On  the  ground,  in  woods.     Rare. 

Pileus  when  moist  livid,  sub-striate  ;  when  dry  white,  not  striate,  often 
fibrilloso-squamose :  stem  3  in.  high,  2-3  lines  thick,  beset  with  villous  fas- 
ciculated scales. — Fries. 

429.  Agaricus  (Psathyra)  urticaecola.    Berk.  ^- Br.     "Nettle- 

root  Psathyra." 

Pileus  campanulate,  margin  striate  ;  stem  fistulose,  attenuated 
upwards,  flocculent  from  the  first,  white  ;  gills  ventricose  in 
front,  attenuated  behind,  white,  then  chocolate  colour. — B.  ^ 
Br.  A7in.N.H.no.91d. 

On  nettle  roots.     Aug.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  2  lines  across,  campanulate,  flocculent,  wLite  ;  margin  at  length 
straight,  striate;  stem  short,  slender,  attenuated  upwards,  flocculent,  fis- 
tulose, springing  immediately  from  the  matrix  ;  gills  ventricose  in  front,  at- 
tenuated behind,  adnexed,  at  first  white,  then  of  a  rich,  chocolate. — B.  (bBr* 

430.  Agaricus  (Fsathyxa)  pennatus.     Fr.     "  Scaly  Psathyra." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  obtuse,  even,  at  first 
clad  with  white  scales,  then  naked ;  stem  villous,  silvery,  pul- 
verulent above ;  gills  adnexed,  crowded,  broad,  livid,  then 
brownish-black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  234.  Sys.  Myc.  i.p.  297.  B.  ^ 
Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1865),  no.  1010. 

On  naked  soil  in  gardens.  King's  Cliffe,  occasionally,  but 
never  in  any  abundance. 

Stem  1-1|  in.  long,  1-2  lin.  thick,  equal,  villous,  at  the  apex  sprinkled  with 
whitish  meal,  silvery.  Pileus  \  in.  high  and  broad,  at  length  expanded  to 
an  inch  in  breadth,  not  striate,  at  first  densely  clothed  with  whitish  scales, 
at  length  naked. 

431.  Agaricus  (Psathyra)  gossypinus.     Fr.     "  Cottony 

Psathyra." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  tomen- 
tose,  becoming  smooth  ;  margin  striate ;  stemtomentose,  whitish ; 


AGAKICINI.  153 

gills  adnexed,ventricose,  white,  thenbrownisli-black. — Fr.  Epicr. 
j9.  234.   Bolt.t.llJ.l. 

In  woods  on  the  ground.     Rare. 
Subcsespitose,  fragile,  pale  ochraceous  ;  gills  livid,  then  brown. 

432.  Agaricus  (Psathyxa)  semivestitus.     Berk,  (f  Br.   "Half- 

clothed  Psathyra." 

Pilens  ovate,  obtuse,  brown,  growing  pale,  even,  sprinkled  with 
short  snowy  fibrils  ;  stem  fibrillose,  silky,  white  ;  gills  ascend- 
ing, adnate,  umber. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  920,  t.  xiv.,/.  5. 

Amongst  grass  in  rich  pastures.     Oct.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  about  ^  in.  across,  ovate,  obtuse,  dark  brown,  turning  pale,  sprinkled 
with  little  fibrils  more  than  half-way  up  ;  not  striate  ;  stem  nearly  straight, 
2  in.  high,  H  line  thick,  fibrilloso-silky,  rather  strong,  white,  with  a  pale 
under  tinge  of  brown,  fistulose,  the  walls  within  white  with  down  ;  gills  as- 
cendinsr,  broad  behind,  adnate,  umber-brown,  tinged  with  the  dark  spores. 
—B.  (iiBr. 

433.  Agaricus  (Psathyra)  Gordon!.         BerTi.     "Gordon's 

Psarhyra." 

C^espitose  ;  pileus  campanulate,  pallid  cinereous,  then  whitish, 
more  or  less  floccoso-squamulose,  sulcato- striate  ;  stemflexuose, 
floccose,  becoming  smooth,  whitish  pruinose  above ;  gills  ascend- 
ing, narrowly  adnate, distant, cinereous. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
922,  t.  xY.f.  7. 

On  old  stumps.     Oct.     Overton  Longueville. 

Densely  csespitose.  Pileus  1|  in.  across,  campanulate,  membranaceous,  at 
first  pale  cinereous,  then  white,  sprinkled  with  white  floccose  scales,  sulcato- 
striate;  stem  2  in.  high,  1|  line  thick,  transversely  undulated,  pruinose 
above,  floccose  below,  but  becoming  at  length  smooth  and  shining,  brittle, 
fistulose ;  gills  ascending,  narrowly  adnate,  distant,  moderately  broad, 
scarcely  ventricose,  cinereous.  Smell  faint,  nauseous.  When  young  wholly 
covered  with  white  flocci. — B  d'Br, 

Sub-Gen.  32.     Deconica,  Smith.  Seem.  Jour.  1870. 
{Psilocf/he,  Fr.  Epicr.  partly.) 

Pileus  thin,  plane,  at  first  incurved,  veil  obsolete,  or  adhering 
to  the  margin  of  the  pileus,  not  forming  a  ring  ;  stem  cartila- 
ginous, hollow,  confluent  with,  but  heterogeneous  from,  the 
hymenophore  ;   gills  decurrent.  {PL  V.,fig.  32.) 

This  sub-genus  is  analogous  with  Omphaliaf  Ecdlio^t  and  Tubaria. 

H    5 


154  AGARIOINI. 

434.  Agazicus  (Deconica)  coprophilus.     Bull,     "Dung 

Deconica." 

Pileus  somewhat  deshy,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  mn- 
bonate,  even;  stem  subfistulose,  attenuated  above, prainose,  be- 
coming smooth  ;  gills  arcuate,  sub-decurrent,  broad,  livid-brown. 
Fr.Epicr.ih22^.   Bull.  t.  666,  f.  3.    Ann.  N.H.no.  6Sd. 

On  dung.     Rare. 

Pileus  when  very  young  white  and  downy,  sub-hemispherical,  clothed  with 
little  white  superficial  scales,  brown,  at  length  smooth  and  pale  umber, 
darker  at  the  obtuse  apex,  slightly  fleshy.  Stem  flexuous,  slightly  attenuated 
upwards,  whitish,  shining,  at  first  scaly,  like  the  pileus,  within  which  it  is 
pruinose.  Gills  nearly  plane,  ventricose,  adnato-arcuate  or  sub-decurrent, 
umber  brown. — 31.  J.  B. 

435.  Agaricus  (Deconica)  bullaceus.    Bull.    "Mottled- 

gilled  Deconica." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  smooth, 
at  length  umbonate,  striate  to  the  middle ;  stem  fistulose,  short, 
equal,  fibrillose ;  gills  adnate,  triangular,  plane,  crowded,  fer- 
ruginous-brown.— Fi\Ep{cr. p. 229  (notEng.Fl.Y.p.  114).  Bull. 
t.  56G./.  2.  A.  stercorarius.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  111.  Kromhh.  t.  3,/. 
33,  34. 

On  horse  dung. 

Pileus  i-1  in.  broad,  sub-eamose,  sub-umbonate,  umber,  almost  tawny, 
slightly  viscid,  moist,  shining,  quite  smooth,  even ;  in  infancy  flat,  then 
hemispherical,  when  old  quite  plane,  the  margin  transparent,  slightly 
notched  ;  when  dry  pale.  Gills  umber,  mottled  with  the  brown-purple  spores, 
broad,  plane,  witli  a  decurrent  tooth,  or  ventricose  and  emarginate.  Stem 
H-2  in.  high,  1  line  thick,  umber,  tough,  flexuous,  below  squamuloso-fibril- 
lose,  with  a  little  down  at  the  base,  above  shining,  but  minutely  pubescent, 
striate  with  the  decurrent  teeth  of  the  gills,  fistulose,  but  with  a  few  fibrils 
within,  flesh  dark  umber;  when  young  there  is  a  narrow  ring. — M.J.B. 
Spores  with  an  obscure  apiculus  at  both  ends,  '0004  X  "00028  in. —  W.  G,  S. 

436.  Agaricus  (Deconica)  physaloides.    Bull.    "Dung 

Deconica." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  even, 
rather  viscid  ;  stem  fistulose,  flexile,  closely  fibrillose,  bright  brown 
at  the  base  ;  gills  decurrent,  crowded,  sub -ferruginous. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  229.  Bull.  t.  366,/.  1.  Paul.  t.  122,/.  6.  var.  Gard. 
Chron.  Sept.  25, 1852.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  690. 

On  dung,  in  mossy  places,  &c. 

Spores  '0005  in.  long,  "0003  in.  broad.  Pileus  3-4  lin.  broad,  purplish- 
brown,  paler  about  the  margin,  at  length  umbonate,  and  depressed  round 
the  umbo.     Spores  -00034  X  '0002  in.  \_Pl.  V.J.  32.] 


Series  5.     COFRINARIX. — Spores  Black. 
•  Hymenophore  distinct  from  the  fleshy  Stem. 


PI.  yi. 


**  Hymenophore  confluent  and  homogeneous  with  the  fleshy  Stem. 


***  Hymenophore  confluent  with,  but  heterogeneous  from  the  cartilaginous  Stem. 


^■G.S.  AO.tif<IT.  0€t 


AGAEICINI.  155 

Series  V.     Coprinarii.  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  234.     Spores  black. 

Psathyrella  is  very  close  to  Coprvaus^  more  so  than  Panceolus.    In  tlie  Cop- 
rinarii the  unrepresented  spaces  are  very  numerous. 

Sub-Gen.  33.     Pan^olus,  Fr.  Epicr.  234. 

Veil,  when  present,  interwoven,  sometimes  wanting  ;  spores 
black,  oval,  smooth  lemon-shaped,  or  echinulate :  pileus  somewhat 
fleshy,  viscid  when  moist,  shining  when  dry,  neve?--  striated,  the 
margin  exceeding  the  variegated  gills ;  gills  clouded,  never  be- 
coming purple  or  brown. 

Hab.  Almost  all  grow  on  dung,  often  near  towns,  in  summer 
and  autumn.  (Fl.  VI., Jig.  S3.) 

This  and  the  follo\ving  subgenus  differ  from  all  the  preceding  in  their 
hlacK  sjjores,  and  occupy  an  intermediate  position  between  Ago/ricv.s  and 
Copri/ius,  agreeing  with  the  latter  in  the  colour  of  the  spores,  but  joined 
more  properly  to  the  genuine  Agarics  by  the  gills  not  deliquescing.  Although 
the  veil  may  be  entirely  absent  in  some  species,  yet  they  are  so  allied  that 
they  cannot  be  well  separated. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Pileus  viscid,  shining  when  dry. 

437.        Agaxicus  (Fanaeolus)  separatus.     L.     "  Ochrey 

Panaeolus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  obtuse,  even,  viscid  ; 
stem  straight,  shining,  white,  thickened  downwards,  ring  dis- 
tant ;  gills  fixed,  cinereous-black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  234.  Bolt.  t. 
53.  Berk.  Oiitl.  t.  11,  /.  7.  Bull  t.  84.  A.  semiovatus.  Sow.  t. 
131.  Eng.  Fl.  V.  p.  116.  Price./.  39. 

On  dung.     Common. 

Pileus  1^  in.  broad,  semiovate,  very  obtuse,  at  first  ochraceous,  then  dirty 
white,  shining,  smooth,  slightly  viscid,  wrinkled  when  old,  subearnose  but 
watery,  gills  subdeliquescent,  broad,  ventricose,  adnate  by  a  small  portion, 
clouded,  cinereous,  margin  white;  stem  5  in  high,  or  more,  2  lines  thick, 
at  first  fibrillose,  beneath  the  ring  squamuloso-pulverulent,  above  dotted,  as 
is  the  ring,  with  the  large,  black,  elliptic  spores. — M.J.B.  Spores  'OOOt)  X 
•0004  in.  (PI.  F/.,/.  33.; 

438.         Agaxicus  (Panaeolus)  leucophanes.     B.  <|'  Br. 

"  Shiny-white  Panaeolus." 

Pileus  campanulate,  obtuse,  viscid,  shining  when  dry,  innate- 
silky  white,  here  and  there  with  an  ochraceous  tinge ;  margin 
appendiculate ;  stem  attenuated  upwards,  white,  fibrillose,  with 
scattered  farinaceous  particles,  transversely  subundulate,  fistu- 


156  AGAHICINI. 

lose ;  gills  adnate,  pale  flesh-tinted  grey,  then  black. — B,  4"  ^^. 
Ann.  W.H.{1S66)  no.  1127,  t.  11,/.  1. 

In  grass  fields.     Ang.     King's  Cliffe. 

A  very  pretty  species,  allied  to  A .  separatm  ;  pileus  f  in.  across  ;  stem  2  in. 
high,  about  1  line  thick  in  the  centre  ;  spores  '00037  in.  long,  somewhat 
cymbiform. 

439.  Agaxicus  (Panaeolus)  iixniputris.     ^?^Z/.  "  Dark-grey 

Pangeolus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conical,  then  expanded,  some- 
what gibbous,  even,  viscid  ;  stem  slender,  equal,  smooth,  pallid  ; 
annular  zone  marked;  gills  fixed,  livid-black. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
235.  Bull.  t.  Q^.  Bolt.  t.  57.  Batt.t.  28,  P.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  11,/. 
6.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  116. 

On  dung  and  in  pastures.     Common.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad  and  high,  at  first  obtuse,  conic,  reticulato-rugu- 
lo.se,  at  length  campanulate,  dark  cinereous,  livid  when  dry  ;  the  ring 
broken  into  triangular  loops  or  laciniae,  fringing  the  margin,  which  is  mi- 
nutely downy  and  frequently  split  ;  gills  adnate,  ascendiog,  mottled,  cine- 
reous-black, sub  deliquescent  ;  stem  2-6  in.  high,  squamuloso-tomentose, 
pulverulent,  often  beaded  with  little  drops,  striate  above,  nearly  white,  at 
length  rufescent,  zoned  within. — AI.J.  B.     Spores  '00027  X  "00034  in. 

440.  Agaricus  (Panasolus)  phal^narum.     Fr.     "  Ruddy- 

stemmed  Panseolus." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  campanulato-convex,  obtuse,  even, 
smooth,  viscid  ;  veil  appendiculate,  fugacious  ;  stem  equal,  rather 
firm,  almost  naked,  pallid,  rufescent  ;  gills  adnexed,  broad, 
cinereous  black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  235.  Bull.  t.  58.  Paul.  1. 121, f. 
1.  Ann.N.H.no.  796. 

On  dung.     Sept.     Apethorpe. 

Allied  closely  to  A. papilionaceus,  but  larger,  pileus  viscid,  clay  colour. 

Sect.  2.     Pileus  opaque  when  moist.     When  dry  subflocculose. 

441.  Agaricus  (Panseolus)   retirugis.     Batsch.     "Ribbed 

Pangeolus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  globose,  then  hemispherical,  subum- 
bonate,  reticulated,  with  raised  ribs,  sprinkled  with  opaque 
atoms  ;  veil  torn,  appendiculate ;  stem  equal,  pruinose,  pinkish 
purple  ;  gills  fixed,  ascending,  cinereous  black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
235.  Batsch.f.dl. 


AGAEICINI.  157 

On  dung.     Coed  Coch. 

Pileus  pintisli  tan-colour,  distin^ished  from  A.  corrugis  by  its    black 
pores.     Spores  with  a  distinct  apiculus  at  both  ends,  "OO-DS  X  '0004  in. 


Sect.  3.     Pileus  dry,  smooth,  shining,  without  zone. 

442.  Agaricus  (Panaeolus)  campanulatus.     L.     "Campanu- 

late  Panaeolus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  dry,  even,  smooth, 
somewhat  shining;  stem  equal,  straight,  rufous,  striate  above, 
powdered  with  black ;  gills  fixed,  ascending,  variegated  with 
grey  and  black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  236.  Bull.  t.  561,  /.  2,  L.  JBuxb. 
iv.  t.  13.  FI.  Dan.  t.  1959.  Batsch,  f.  6. 

On  rich  soil,  &c.     Common.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  brownish  tinged  with  rufous,  i-1  in  bigh.  and  broad,  rather  shin- 
ing.    Stem  straight,  commonly  3  in.  long,  1-2  lin.  thick,  rufescent, 

443.  Agaxicus  (Panaeolus)  papilionaceus.     Bull.    '•  Butterfly 

Panaeolus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  hemispherical,  smooth,  when  dry 
rimoso-squamose  ;  stem  equal,  even,  whitish,  powdered  with 
white  above ;  gills  broadly  adnate,  very  wide,  at  length  plane, 
blackish.— i^r.  Epicr. p.  236.  Bull.  t.  561,/.  2,  N.M.  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
p.  116.    Vent.t.h^JA-b. 

On  rich  soil,  dung,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  ^-1  in.  broad,  at  length  convex,  when  dry  subrufescent,  even, never 
viscid  ;  gills  ascending,  close,  quite  entire  j  veil  very  fugacious  j  stem  3  in, 
high,  1-2  lines  thick,  rufescent. — Fries. 


Sect.  4.     Pileus  dry,  smooth,  zoned  at  the  margin. 

444.  Agaxicus    (Panaeolus)    cinctulus.    Bolt.     "Ringed 

Panaeolus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  even, 
smooth,  margin  with  a  broad,  brown  zone  ;  stem  rather  firm, 
equal,  brownish,  gills  free  (?),  ventricose,  olivaceous  black. — Fr. 
Epicr. p. 2^1.  Bolt.t.l62. 

On  dung.     Halifax. 

Inserted  on  the  authority  of  Bolton's  figure.     Distinguished  by  the  broad 
brown  zone  at  the  margin  of  the  pileus. 


158  AGARICINI. 

445.  Agaricus    (Panaeolus)   subbalteatus.    Berk.  <^'  Br. 

"  Zoned  Pangeolus." 

Pileus  convex,  fleshy,  hygrophanous,  fawn-coloured,  pallid 
when  dry,  zoned,  rugiilose;  stem  fragile,  with  white  fibrils  ;  gills 
brownish,  adnate,  subventricose. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  923. 

In  a  tare  field.     Sept.     Apethorpe. 

Caespitose.  Pileus  l|-2  in.  across,  at  first  convex,  -wifh  the  margin  slightly 
incurved,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  or  slightly  umbonate,  irregular,  rather 
fleshy,  hygrophanous,  of  a  dull  deep  fawn  colour,  pallid  when  dry,  slightly 
rugose,  and  marked  near  the  margin  with  a  dark  narrow  zone  ;  veil  none  ; 
stem  2-2^  in.  high,  2  lines  thick,  fistulose,  red  brown,  brittle,  stringy,  split- 
ting longitudinally,  marked  with  short  white  fibrils  ;  gills  brownish,  slightly 
ventricose,  adnate,  margin  white,  slightly  toothed.  Spores  black.  Closely 
allied  to  A.  ci/icfiihcs,  Bolt,  but  differing  in  habit,  &c. — B.  c6  Br. 

446.  Agaricus  (Panaeolus)  fimicola.     Fr.     "  Dung  Panreolus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulato-convex,  obtuse,  smooth, 
opaque  ;  marked  near  the  margin  with  a  narrow  brown  zone  ; 
stem  fragile,  elongated,  equal,  pallid,  pniinose  above ;  gills  ad- 
nate, broad,  variegated  with  grey  and  brown. — Fr.  Ej^icr.  p. 
237.  Buxb.  iv.  t.  28,  f.  4.  Bolt.  t.  66,  /.  1. 

On  dung,  rich  pastures,  &c.  [United  States.] 

ISTot  gathered  since  Bolton's  time-  Stem  3-4  in.  long,  1  line  thick,  dingy. 
Pileus  obtuse,  even,  smooth,  dingy  grey  when  moist,  clay-coloured  when 
dry.     Flesh  greyish  white. 

Sub-Gen.  34.     Psathyrella.     Fr.  Epicr.  237. 

Spores  black,  oval,  smooth,  or  echinulate  ;    veil  inconspicuous, 

not     interwoven,    generally    absent;     pileus    membranaceous, 

striated,  margin  straight,  adpressed  to  the  stem,  not  exceeding 

the   gills;    stem    confluent    with   but   heterogeneous    from    the 

hymen ophore  ;  gills  adnate  or  free.  (PI.  VI.,  f.  34.) 

The  species  are  ail  very  slender,  and  the  only  other  subgenus  with  black 
spores  ( Panceolas),  is  readily  distingaished  by  the  characters  of  the  pileus  ; 
it  agrees  in  every  point  with  PsaJJiyra,  except  the  colour  of  the  gills  being 
never  brown  or  purple,  and  the  spores  black.  It  also  agrees,  more  or  less, 
in  structure  with  Mycena,  Xolanea,  and  GaJera,  and  also  appears  to  be  allied 
to  BoLBiTius,  which,  however,  is  at  once  distinguished  by  its  coloured 
spores. —  W.  G.  S. 

Sect.  1.     Stem  straight,  smooth. 


o-"^? 


447.  Agaricus   (Psathyrella)    gracilis.      Fr.      "Slender 

Psathyrella." 

Pileus    submembranaceous,     conical,     slightly    striate    when 
moist,  hygrophanous  ;    stem    slender,  straight,   naked,  pallid  ; 


AGAEICINI.  159 

gills  broadly  adnate,  snbdistant,  cinereous  black,  edge  pale  rose. 
—Fr.Epicr.p.  238.  Berk.  Outl.p,  176. 

On  hedge  borders.     Common. 

Gregarious.     Pileus  brownish,  at  length  often  tinged  'with  pink,  |-1  in. 
broad.  Stem  3  in.  and  more  long,  naked,  whitish.  Spores  '00024  X  "00049  in. 

448.  Agaricus  (Psathyrella)  hiascens.     Fr.     "Fissured 

Psathyrella." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulate,  smooth,  fisso-sulcate,  disc 
even ;  stem  straight,  rigid,  brittle,  smooth,  white  ;  gills  adnate, 
linear,  sub-distant,  acute  in  front,  pallid,  then  black. — Fr.Epicr. 
J9.238.  Bull.t.hh2,f.2,¥.(}.  Berk.  Outl. p.  176. 

Under  hedges. 

Pileus  1  iuc  high,  1|  in.  across,  sulcata  up  to  the  disc,  pale  dirty-ochraceous. 
—3I../.B. 

449.  Agaricus  (Psathyrella)  aratus.     Berk.       "  Sulaete 

Psathyrella." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  campanulato-conic,  rather  acute,  deeply 
sulcate  ;  stem  tall,  thickened  at  the  base,  white,  smooth,  fistu- 
lose  ;  gills  lanceolate,  quite  free,  purplish-black. — Berk.  Outl.p, 
176. 

Under  hedges.      Woodnewton. 

Pileus  1  in.  high,  |  in.  across,  bright  brown  ;  flesh  of  the  disc  of  the 
same  colour.     Stem  5  in.  high. 

Sect.  2.     Stem  flexuose,  pruinose  above. 

450.  Agaricus  (Psathyrella)  pronus.     Fr.     "  Stooping 

Psathyrella." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  hemispherical,  obtuse,  striate,  hygro- 
phanous,  dry,  opaque,  slightly  silky,  atomate  ;  stem  very  slender, 
ec[ual,  flexuose,  sub-pellucid ;  gills  adnate,  ventricose,  sub-dis- 
tant, livid  sooty-black. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  239.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  924. 

Amongst  grass.     Sept.     Apethorpe. 

Stem  filiform,  fragHe,  1\  in.  long.     Pileus  4-6  lines  broad,  dingy. 

451.  Agaricus  (Psathyrella)  atomatus.     Fr.     '*  Sprinkled 

Psathyrella." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulate,  obtuse,  slightly  striate, 
hygrophanous,  dry,  rugulose,  entire,  furfuraceous  with  shining 
atoms;  stem  lax,  fragile,  white,  mealy  at  the  apex,  gills  adnaie, 
broad,  cinereous-black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  239.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  115. 


160 


AGARICINI. 


About  hedge  borders.     Common. 

Pileus  Ig  in.  broad,  at  first  obtusely  conic,  then  sub-hemisplierical,  at 
len:^th  plano-expandod,  with  a  fine  evanescent  aro.chnoid  veil,  ochraceous, 
inchning  to  pale  rufous,  at  length  cream-coloured,  or  nearly  white,  some- 
times purplish,  or  rose-coloured  ;  gills  broad,  ventricose,  rather  distant,  at 
first  pale  ochraceous,  then  brown  purple,  or  cinereous-black.  Stem  2-3  in. 
high,  1-2  lines  thick,  somewhat  rooting,  fistulose,  brittle,  striate  above,  and 
slightly  pulverulent,  base  thickest,  and  more  or  less  cottony,  never  quite 
Bmooth.—JW.  J.  B.    Spores  -OOCo  X  -00035  in. 


452.        Agaxicus  (Psathyxella)  disseminatus. 

Psathyrella." 


Fr.     "  Clustered 


Pileus  membranaceous,  ovato-campanulate,  furfuraceous,  then 
naked,  sulcato-plicate,  entire,  discoloured  ;  stem  lax,  subflexuose, 
fragile,  at  first  mealy,  then  smooth  ;  gills  adnate,  broadly  linear, 
whitish,  cinereous,  then  black. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  240.  Sow.  1. 166. 
Paw/.  #.123./.  6.  Fl.Dcm.t.lSA:^.  SchfFff.t.  80S.  Batsch.f.S. 
Buxb. il,t.  60, f.  6.  Eng.Fl.y. p. 118.  Batt.t.27,C.  Vent.t.Sb, 
f.  3-4. 

About  trunks  of  trees,  and  on  the  ground.     Common. 

[United  States.] 

Gregarious,  csespitose.  Pileus  3  lines  broad,  campanulato-conic,  minutely 
pubescent,  strongly  striate,  submembranaceous,  tender,  fragile,  ochraceous, 
at  length  white,  with  a  pearly  tint  towards  the  margin  ;  gills  broadly  adnate, 
pink,  inclining  to  cinereous.  Stem  1  in.  high,  ^  line  thick,  fistulose,  curved, 
white,  pubescent,  attenuated  upwards,  downy  at  the  base.— i/./.  B.  Spores 
•0003  X  -0002  in.  (PL  VI.  Jig.  34.) 


Genus  2. 


COPRINUS,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  241. 


Spores  black ;  pileus :  margin  of 
pileus  straight,  at  first  adpressed  to 
the  stem ;  stem  confluent  with  or 
distinct  from  the  hymenophore  ;  gills 
free,  at  first  coherent,  and  sprinkled 
with  a  micaceous  scurf,  soon  deU- 
quescing  into  a  black  fluid,  trama 
none. 

Hab.  Fat  and  rank  places,  often 
on  dung,  but  sometimes  on  decaying 
wood.  (Figs.  38,  39.) 

Readily  distinguished  by  its  deliquescent 
habit. 


AGAEICINI.  161 

Sect.  1.     Pelliculosi. — pileus  rather  fleshy. 

*   Cornati. 

453.  Coprinus  comatus.     Fr.     •'' Shaggy  Coprinus." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  cylindrical,  then  expanded,  even,  soon 
torn  into  broad,  adpressed,  scattered  scales ;  stem  hollow,  fibril- 
lose,  bulb  solid,  rooting  ;  ring  moveable  ;  gills  free,  linear,  white, 
then  purplish. — Fr.  hlpicr.  p.  242.  Batt.  26,  B.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  831. 
Schceff.  t.  46,  47.  Soiv.  1. 189.  Grev.  1. 119.  Paul.  1. 127.  Kromhh. 
t.  3,  f.  35,  t.  30,  f.  15-21.  Cooke,  B.  F.  1. 11.  Smith,  E.M.f.  13. 
^afki.^.  10,/.2,ii.^7,/.  1-3.  Pnce,/.  49.  Gard.  Chron.{l^QO), 
p.l^Jg.  Tram.  Woolh.Cl.  1868,  t.  13.  Curt.  Fl.  L.  t.  93.  (Bolt.  t. 
142,  var.  ?)  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  118.  FL  Boruss.  t.  389.  Hogg.  ^-  .lohnst. 
i.3. 

Sides  of  roads,  pastures,  &c.     Common.     Esculent. 

[S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  3-4  in.  high,  2  in.  broad,  campamilato-cylindrical,  cuticle  white, 
breaking  up  into  broad  fibrillose,  sub-fuscous  scales  ;  beneath  this  coating 
the  pileus  is  finely  plicate,  often  split,  and  of  a  pinky-brown,  flesh  scarcely 
any  on  the  margin,  rather  thick  in  the  centre  j  gills  very  numerous  and 
close,  beautifully  varied  with  pink  and  brown-black,  margin  white,  or 
pinkish,  minutely  downy,  slightly  undulated,  quite  free,  so  as  to  leave  a 
sort  of  collar  roand  the  stem.  Stem  5  in.  or  more  high,  fin.  thick  at  the 
base,  hollow,  filled  with  arachnoid  fibres,  bulbous,  fibrillose,  and  sub-ad- 
presso-squamose;  sometimes  tinged  with  pink,  brittle,  but  tolerably  firm; 
ring  thick  and  moveable.— J/. ./.  B.  Spores  with  an  apiculus  at  one  end, 
or  on  one  side,  '00058  X  '00032  in.-W.  G.  S. 

454.  Coprinus  ovatus.     Fr.    "  Ovate  Coprinus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  ovate,  then  expanded,  striate ;  at 
first  woven  into  densely  imbricated,  thick,  concentric  scales ; 
stem  bulbous,  rooting,  flocculose,  hollow  above,  ring  deciduous  ; 
gills  remote,  lanceolate,  white,  then  brownish-black. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  242.   Schrejf.  t.  7.    Ray.  Syn.  no.  22, p.  5.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  925. 

In  pastures.     Woodnewton. 

Similar  to  C.  coraatus,  but  smaller,  and  more  delicate  ;  pileus  whitish  ;  the 
gills  are  less  deliquescent.     Stem  3-4  in.  long. 

455.  Coprinus  sterquilinus.     Fr.     "  Sulcate-dung  Coprinus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  conical,  then  expanded,  sulcate,  at 
first  villous  or  silky,  disc  rather  fleshy,  squarroso-squamose  ; 
stem  attenuated  ;  fibrillose,  base  solid,  not  rooting,  annulate ;  gills 


162  AGARICINI. 

free,  ventricose,  purplish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  242.  Mich.  t.  83.  /.  3. 
Eng.Fl  v.  p.  119.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  150. 

On  duncr.     Rare.     Kint^'s  Cliffe. 

Pileus  1 J  in.  broad,  dingy ;  stem  5  in.  long,  hollow,  solid  at  the  base. 

**  Atramentarii. 

456.  Coprinus  atxamentazius.     Fr.     "  Inky  Coprinus." 

Pileus  slightly  fleshy,  ovate,  then  expanded,  repand,  spotted 
at  the  top  with  innate  squamules  ;  stem  hollow,  firm,  zoned 
within ;  ring  abrupt,  fugacious ;  gills  free,  ventricose,  white, 
then  purphsh-black. — Fr.  Epicr.  ^.243.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1370.  Fl. 
Boriiss.  t.  390.  Price./.  40.  Sow.  1. 188.  Vaill.  t.  12,  f.  10-11. 
Bull.  t.  164.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 12, f.  1.  Cooke.  B.F.  1. 12.  Eng.Fl, 
Y.p.  119.  Badh.i.  t.  10, /.I.  ii.  t.  9,/.  1-2. 

About  old  stumps  and  on  naked  soil.     Common.     Esculent. 

[United  States.] 

Gregarious,  ceespitose;  pileus  3|  in.  or  more  high,  subcarnose,  campanu- 
late,  obtuse,  edge  uneven,  dirty-grey,  at  length  brownish,  innato-fibrillose, 
more  or  less  furfuraceous  and  corrugated,  apex  often  scaly  ;  gills  very  broad 
and  close,  ventricose,  umber,  margin  white,  rounded  behind,  quite  free; 
stem  3^  in.  high,  \  in.  thick,  fistulose,  juicy,  fibrillose,  attenuated  upwards, 
brittle,  the  substance  banded  concentrically.— J/.  /.  B.  Spores  •00035  X 
•00021' in. 

[Coprinus  luridus.  Fr.  (Bolton,  t.  25.)  has  only  been  found  by  Bolton, 
at  Halifax,  and  is  probably  a  variety  of  the  above.] 

457.  Coprinus  fuse  esc  ens.     Fr.     "  Brownish  Coprinus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  ovate,  then  expanded,  unpolished ; 
disc  rather  fleshy,  even  or  cracked,  scaly ;  stem  hollow,  fragile, 
incurved,  subfibrillose,  scarcely  annulate ;  gills  fixed,  umber- 
black.— i^r.  Epicr.  p.  24.4..   Schceff.  t.l7.  Paul.  t.  125,  f.l. 

On  dead  stumps.     Rare.     Kilmory.  [Cincinnati.] 

More  delicate  than  C  aframentarius,  smaller  and  more  fragile  ;  pileus 
brownish-grey,  2,  rarely  3  in.  broad  ;  the  disc  becoming  brown,  not 
sprinkled  with  micaceous  particles,  but  at  first  covered  with  an  opaque 
mealiness  ;  stem 3  in.  long,  2-3  lin.  thick;  spores  with  an  oblique  apiculus, 
•0004  X  -00023  in.  (Fig.  38,  reduced.) 

*^*  Picacei. 

458.  Coprinus  picaceus.    Fr.     *' Magpie  Coprinus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  ovato-campanulate,  striate,  varie- 
gated ^ith  broad,  white,   superficial  scales;   stem  hollow,  bul- 


AGAEICINI.  163 

bons, not  rooting, fragile,  smooth;  gills  free, ventricose,  cinereous- 
black.— i^r.  Epicr.  p.  244.  Bull.  t.  206.  Sow.  1. 170.  Fl.  Dan. 
1. 144.  Smith.  P.M.f.  9.  Eng.Fl.  v.  p.  119. 

On  roadsides.     Rare. 

Pileus  2  in.  broad  and  high,  campanulate,  glutinous,  closely  grooved, 
brown  with  a  tinge  of  red  above  ;  margia  cinereous,  dimpled  at  the  apex; 
cuticle  cracking  into  large  pale  fawn-coloured  subconic  scales,  flesh  very 
thin  ;  gills  broad,  ventricose,  narrow  in  front,  black,  the  extreme  margin, 
except  when  deliquescent,  white,  quite  free  ;  stem  6  in.  high,  ^  in.  thick  at 
the  base,  beautifully  satiny  with  adpressed  fibrillge,  attenuated  above, 
where  it  is  subtomentose  and  stained  with  the  spores,  sub-bulbous  below, 
hollow.— J/. ./.  B.     Spores  -00055  X  -00036  in. 

459.  Coprinus  aphthosus.     Fr.     "  Scaly  Coprinus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  ovato-campanulate,  witliout  striae, 
sprinkled  with  superficial  floccose  scales,  then  naked ;  stem 
hollow,  ec[ual,  twisted,  fibrillose  ;  gills  adnate,  linear,  white,  then 
black. — Fi\  Fpicr. p.  246.   Bolt.  t.  26. 

In  hollow  trees,  cellars,  etc. 

Pileus  about  an  inch  high,  livid,  not  striate  j  stem  2  in.  long,  2  lines 
thick,  soft,  white. 

460.  Coprinus  similis.     B.  ^'  Br.     "  Striate  Coprinus." 

Pileus  ovato-campanulate,  lineato-striate,  pallid,  centre  ob- 
scurely hygrophanous,  clothed  with  acute  brown  warts  ;  stem 
hollow,  white,  largest  at  the  base;  gills  adnate,  attenuated 
behind,  sublinear,  brownish  near  the  margin. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann. 
N.II.lS6b,no.  1011. 

On  trunks  of  dead  trees.     Sept.     Bodelwyddan. 
Resembling  C.  aphthosus,  but  differing  in  the  striate  pileus,  &c. 

461.  Coprinus  flocculosus.     D.  C.     "  Flocculose  Coprinus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  globose,  then  expanded,  striate,  dis- 
coid; clothed  with  evanescent  floccose  scales,  at  length  smooth  ; 
stem  hollow,  equal,  smooth,  naked;  gills  remote,  ventricose, 
violaceous,  then  brownish-black. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  245.  Batt.  i.  25, 
/.  A.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  926. 

In  pastures.     Aug.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  2^  in.  across,  ovate,  at  length  expanded,  dirty-white,  striate,  split- 
ting in  the  direction  of  the  gills,  covered  with  innate  scales,  thus  resembling 
C.  'picaceus  ;  stem  3  in.  high,  attenuated  upwards,  white,  slightly  swollen  at 
the  base,  smooth,  or  rather  finely  silky  under  a  lens  j  gills  free,  generally 
solitary.—^.  &  Br. 


164  AGAEICINI. 


%%  Tomentosi. 

462.  Coprinus  extinctoirius.     Fr.     "  Extinguisher  Coprinus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  clavate,  then  campanulate, 
straight,  margin  striate,  at  first  clothed  with  evanescent  floccose 
scales ;  stem  hollow,  attenuated  from  the  rooting  base,  smooth  ; 
gills  reaching  the  stem,  lanceolate,  white,  then  brown-black. — 
Fr.  Epicr.j).  2-45.  Paul.  t.  124,/.  7.  Bull.  t.  437,/.  1.  Bolt.t. 
24. 

On  the  ground. 

Stem  hollow,  attenuated  from  the  rootiii<]^  base,  4-5  in.  long,  3  Tin.  thick; 
pileus  about  3  in,  broad,  becoming  pale  ;  disc  darker,  somewhat  livid. 

463.  Gop7inu3  fimetarius.     Fr.     "  Shaggy  dung  Coprinus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  clavate,  then  conical,  at  length 
torn  and  revolute,  at  first  rough  with  white  floccose  scales,  then 
naked,  longitudinally  rimoso-sulcate,  even  at  the  apex ;  stem 
squamulose,  thickened  at  the  base,  solid  ;  gills  free,  lanceolate, 
then  linear  and  flexuose,  black. — Fr.  Fpicr.p.  245.    Bull.  t.  88. 

On  dung  heaps.     Mar.  A23r.     Common. 

Yariable  ;  sometimes  there  is  a  root  as  long  as  the  stem  ;  subcsespitose  ; 
stem  about  2-3  in.  long,  2-3  lin.  thick  ;  spores  -00056  X  -00035  in. 

464.  Copxinus    toxnentosus.      Fr.     "  Downy  Coprinus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  cylindrical,  then  conical,  striate, 
floccoso-tomentose,  then  longitudinally  cracked  ;  stem  hollow, 
rather  short,  equal,  velvety  ;  gills  free,  linear,  brownish-black. 
Fr.Epicr.p.2iQ.  BuU.t.lSS.  Bolt.t.  136.  3[ich.t.7b,f.3. 

On  dung  and  in  rich  pastures. 

Tlie  coating  sometimes  peels  off  in  broad  patches.  Pileus  narrowly  pyra- 
midical,  tomentum  subpersistent,  whitish  grey,  sometimes  furfuraceous ; 
1^  in.  high.     Stem  2-3  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick. 

465.  Coprinus    niveus.      Fr.      "Snowy   Coprinus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  oval,  then  campanulate,  and  ex- 
panded, floccoso-squamulose,  with  dense  white  down,  and  nearly 
persistently  furfuraceous  ;  stem  fistulose,  equal,  villous,  white ; 
gills  subadnate, narrow, blackish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  246.  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
p.  121.  Fl.Dan.t.  1671.  Paul.  t.  125,/ 2.  ^om;.^.  262? 

On  horse  dung.     Common.  [United  States.] 


AGAEICINl. 


165 


Pileus  i-1  m.  broad,  catnpanalate,  at  lecgtli    expanded  and  depressed 
margin  rolled  back,  clothed  witb  dense  scaly  meal,  margin  striate,  very  thin 
and  delicate ;  gills  narrow,  free,   subventricose,    black,   stem  2  in.  or  more 
high,  1  line  thick,  thickest  at  the  base,  eenceo-squamulose,  hollow,  fragile 
splitting  longitudinally.— J/.  y^.£.    Spores '0004  X  "00 J47  in.  ' 


*J'S  Micacei. 


466.  Coptinus    micaceus.      Fr.     ''Glistening  Coprinus." 

Pilens  submembranaceous, 
oval,  then  campaniilate,  subre- 
pand,  striate,  discoid,  sprinkled 
with  fugacious  micaceous  gran- 
ules, at  length  naked,  rimoso- 
sulcate;  stem  hollow,  silkj,  or 
even,  whitish ;  gills  adnexed, 
lanceolate,  whitish,  brown  to  the 
middle,  then  blackish. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  247.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1193. 
Bolt.  t.  54.  Bull.  246,  565. 
Schceff.  t.  66,  f.  4-6.  Soiv.  t.  261. 
Grev.  t.  76.  Paul.  t.  126.  Fng. 
Fl.Y.  p.  120.  Fl.Boruss.t.376. 
Corda.  Sturm,  t.  2. 

About  old  stumps.  Common. 

Fig.  39.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Csespitose.  Pileus  f-1  in.  broad,  or  more,  half  ovate,  often  more  or  less 
irregular  from  the  dense  mode  of  growth,  sprinkled  with  glittering  meal, 
strongly  striate,  almost  plicate,  rufous,  the  umbo  darkest,  margin  cinereous, 
very  thin,  veil  very  fugacious ;  gills  attenuated  in  front,  broad  behind,  as- 
cending, attached  above,  umber,  mottled  with  the  spores,  which  appear 
black  when  viewed  in  a  mass,  but  are  really  brown  purple.  Stem  2-3  in. 
high,  2  lines  thick,  hollow,  brittle,  squamulose,  pulverulent,  cuticle  often 
cracked  into  little  scales,  very  faintly  tinged  with  red,  attenuated  upwards, 
base  downy. — M.J.B.      Spores  with  an  oblique  apiculus,  '0003  X  '00026  in. 

{Fig.  39,  rediiced.) 


467. 


Coprinus  aratus.     Berk.  ^- Br.     "  Umber  Coprinus." 


Solitary,  Tall.  Pileus  campanulate,  umber,  deeply  sulcate, 
micaceous ;  disc  rugose  ;  stem  attenuated  ujDwards,  sub-bulbous 
at  the  base,  minutely  silky,  snow  white ;  gills  narrow,  bright 
brown,  free. — Ann.N.H.no.  927. 

In  a  hollow  tree.     May.     King's  Cliffe. 


166 


AGAEICINI. 


Pileus  campanulate,  3  in.  across,  umber,  deeply  suleate  up  to  the  darker 
wrinkled  disc,  sprinkled  with  large  micaceous  particles,  revolute  in  decay  ; 
stem  5  in.  liigh,  2^  lines  thick,  attenuated  upwards,  slightly  bulbous  at  the 
base,  straight,  smooth,  or  rather  minutely  silky,  snow-white,  fistulose, 
umber  within  ;  gills  narrow,  attenuated  at  either  end,  free,  deep  rich  brown, 
then  black. — B.  cD  Br. 

468.  Copirinus   radians.      Fr.      "  Radiating  Coprinus." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  ovato-campanulate,  micaceous,  disc 
granuloso-squamose,  margin  striate;  stem  equal,  naked,  short, 
fibrilloso-radiating  at  the  base;  gills  reaching  the  stem,  sub- 
linear,  white,  then  yiolaceous-black. — F7\  Epicr.  p.  248.  Ann, 
Sc.  Nat.  xiii.  1. 10,/.  1.  Sow.  1. 145.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  121. 

On  plaster  walls. 

Pileus  2  in.  broad,  gills  free,  numerous,  at  first  white.  Stem  IJ  in.  high, 
2  lines  thick,  cylindi'ic,  fistulose,  almost  equal,  curved  in  consequence  of  its 
vertical  place  of  growth,  naked,  smooth,  furnished  with  a  radiating  base  2 
in.  hiosid.—Desm.    Spores  -00033  X  '00027  in.—  W.  G.  S. 


*SS   Glahrati. 

469.  Coprinus    deliquescens.       Fr.      "Deliquescent 

Coprinus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  ovato-campanulate,  then  expanded, 

subrepand,    broadly    striate,  smooth,  top   studded  "with  innate 

papillae;  stem  hollow,  smooth;   gills  at  length  remote,  linear, 

lurid  black.— i^r.  ^i^zcr.  ^.  249.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1010.   Bull.  t.  558, 

/.I.  FLBoruss.t.376. 

On  old  stumps. 

Sometimes  confounded  with  C.  atramentarius.     Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  livid, 
never  fioccose.     Gills  at  length  very  narrow. 

Sect.  2.     Veliformes.     Pileus  plicato-sulcate. 

*   Cyclodei — stem  annulate  or  volvate. 

470.  Coprinus  Hendersonii.     Fr.     "  Henderson's  Coprinus." 

Pileus  very  delicate,  oval,  campanulate,  smooth,  striate  to  the 

middle ;    stem  filiform,  becoming  smooth,  with   a   small    erect 

entire  ring  (at  length  evanescent)  ;   gills  black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 

250.  Berk.  Hook.  Journ.  t.  26,/.  1.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  24,  /.  8.  Price, 

/.  114. 


AGAEICINI.  167 

On  liot  beds  and  on  dung  in  fields.      Rare.      Milton,  &c., 
Norths. 

Looks  like  a  small  annulate  A.  disseminatus ,      Pilaus  finely  granulated 
tinder  a  lens. 


*  *     Laiiatuli — pileus  superficially  floccose,  veil  evanescent. 

471.  Coprinus  macrocephalus.  J5£'?-A.     "  Stunted .Coprinus." 

Pileus  at  first  cylindrical,  then  cylindrico-campanulate, 
sprinkled  with  pointed  scales ;  stem  dirty  white,  fistulose, 
clothed  with  short  cottony  down  and  loose  fibres,  strigose  at  the 
base;  gills  linear,  perfectly  free. — Berk.  OutLj).  180.  Eng.Fl.  v. 
p. 12-2. 

On  jDutrid  dung.     Cotterstock,  Norths. 

Pileus  f  in.  broad,  |  in.  high,  linear  when  young,  then  cylindrico-cam- 
panulate, margin  slightly  spread  out,  adorned  with  elegant,  adpressed,  or 
patent  scales,  the  remains  of  the  veil ;  apex  brown,  shaded  off  into  slate- 
colour  on  the  margin,  scarcely  at  all  pubescent;  gills  linear,  perfectly  free,  at 
length  black.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  2  lines  thick,  ascending,  dirty  white,  fistu- 
lose, clothed  with  short  cottony  down,  and  with  longer,  sometimes  deflexed 
loose  fibres,  strigose  at  the  base,  somewhat  attenuated  upwards,  and  stained 
with  the  black  elliptic  spores. — M.  J.  B. 

472.  Coprinus  lagopus.    Fr.    "Hare's-foot  Coprinus." 

Pileus  very  thin,  cylindrical,  then  campanulate,  clothed  with 
white  fiocci,  at  length  split,  radiato-sulcate,  somewhat  revolute  ; 
stem  very  fragile,  on  all  parts  woolly,  white  ;  gills  free,  linear, 
black . — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  250.  Saund.  ^'  Sm.  1. 19. 

On  dung. 

Remarkable  for  the  dense  cottony  coat  of  the  stem,  which  is  5  in.  long  or 
more.    Pileus  about  1  in.  broad,  whitish ;  disc  livid. 

473.  Coprinus  nycthemerus.    Fr.     "  Thin-capped  Coprinus." 

Pileus  very  thin,  soon  rimose,  expanded,  flocculoso-furfura- 
ceous,  discoid,  then  naked,  furcato-striate ;  stem  equal,  flaccid, 
smooth,  whitish ;  gills  free,  narrow,  blackish,  at  first  crowded, 
then  distant,  remote. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  251.  Bull.  t.  542,/.  D.I. 

On  dung.     King's  Cliffe.      Norths.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pileus  grey,  a  few  lines  across,  from  4  lines  to  f  in.  or  more  high;  disc 
brown  j  stem  whitish. 


168  AGARICINI. 

474.  Coprinus  radiatus.     Fr.     "Delicate  Coprinus." 

Very  delicate;  pileus  clavate,  then  campanulate,  tomentose, 
Boon  splitting,  expanded,  naked,  discoid,  plicato-radiate  ;  stem 
filiform,  unpolished  ;  gills  free,  distant,  few. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  261. 
Bull.  t.  542,/.  L.  4'  E.H.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  123. 

On  dung.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Very  tender,  so  that  a  breath  destroys  it.  Pileus  1-2  lines  broad,  at  first 
digitaliform,  3'ellowish,  apex  obtuse,  darker,  striate  and  downy,  when  full 
grown  pale  browm,  or  nearly  colourless,  centre  sometimes  dimpled,  strongly 
furrowed,  edge  notched,  and  often  split  in  a  radiated  manner,  so  as  to  ap- 
pear like  the  spokes  of  a  wheel.  Gills  about  ten,  with  minute  smaller  ones 
in  the  interstices.  Stem  1-3  in.  high,  very  slender,  quite  filiform,  smooth, 
but  sometimes  fibrillose  and  tomentose,  dusky  or  colourless,  a  little  thick- 
ened at  the  base,  which  is  slightly  downy.  —31.  J.  B.   Spores  '0003  X'0002  in. 


*^*  Furfurelli — pileus  mealy  or  micaceous. 


475.  Coprinus  doxnesticus.    Fr.     *•' Domestic  Coprinus." 

Pileus  thin,  ovate,  campanulate,  obtuse,  splitting,  undulato- 
sulcate,  furfuraceo-squamulose  ;  stem  attenuated,  silky,  "white  ; 
gills  fixed,  crowded,  linear,  white  with  reddish,  then  brown-black. 
— Er.  Ej^icr.p.  261.  Huss.t.   Eng. El.  Y.p.l21. 

On  damp  carpets,  &c.  [United  States.] 

Very  brittle,  often  csespitose.  Pileus  2  in.  broad,  membranaceous,  cam- 
panulate, apex  nearly  smooth,  reddish  brown  :  gills  white  when  young,  then 
ruddy,  at  length  brown-black  j  stem  2-3  in,  high,  3  lines  thick,  even,  attenu- 
ated upwards. — Fries. 


476.  Coprinus  ephemerus.    Fr.    "Ephemeral  Coprinus." 

Pileus  yery  thin,  OYali-clavate,  then  campanulate,  splitting, 
radiato-sulcate,  sub-furfuraceous ;  disc  elevated,  even ;  stem 
slender,  equal,  pellucid,  smooth ;  gills  reaching  the  stem,  dis- 
tant, whitish,  then  brown  and  black. — Er.  Epicr.  p.  252.  Fl. 
Daw.  ^  832./.  2.  Built.  12^.  Batt.  t.  27,  B.  Eng.  FI.y.  p.  123. 

On  dung  hills.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Extremely  fugacious.  Pileus  ^-|  in.  broad,  ovate  or  campanulate,  at 
length  deflexed,  margin  finally  splitting  and  curling  back;  apex  umber, 
shaded  gradually  into  a  delicate  bluish-grey,  striate,  scaly  when  young; 
gills  at  length  black,  linear,  edge  downy,  white;  stem  1-2  in.  high,  1  line 
thick,  dirty  white,  with  a  few  fibrillse,  at  length  naked.— J/.  J.  B. 


AGAEICINI.  '  169 

477.  Coprinus     plicatilis.       Fr.      "Plaited   Coprinus." 

Pileus  very  thin,  ovali-cylindrical,  then  expanded,  splitting, 
sulcato -plicate,  somewhat  smooth;  disc  broad,  at  length  de- 
pressed, even ;  stem  equal,  smooth,  white ;  gills  adnate  to  a  dis- 
tinct collar,  distant,  greyish  black. — F}\  Spier. p.  262.  Curt.Fl. 
Load.  t.  200.  Sow.  t.  ^U.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1134:.  Batt.  t.  28,  A.  B. 
Bull.  t.  552,/.  2  (partly).  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  122.  Price,/.  33. 

In  pastures.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Extremely  fugacious  ;  pileus  |-1  in.  broad,  cylindrical,  farfuraceous,  at 
length  plan-^,  nearly  naked,  umbilicate,  grey,  yellowish -brown  in  tlie  centre, 
beautifully  plicate,  membranaceous,  pellucid;  gills  free,  dark-grey,  sub- 
distant,  very  n  irrow,  tender ;  stem  1-3  in.  high,  very  slender,  fragile,  smooth, 
grey,  tinged  with  brown,  sometimes  white,  hollow. — Grev. 

478.  Coprinus  Spraguei.     B.  ^^  C.     "Garden  Coprinus." 

Very  delicate ;  pileus  campanulate,  then  conical,  tomentose, 
plicate ;  stem  fistulose,  pale  cinnamon  ,  gills  few,  narrow. — Ann. 
Nat.  Hist.  Oct.  1859.  Berk.  Outl.p.  182. 

In  gardens.     July.     King's  Cliffe.  [New  England.] 

Spores  narrow,  subcymbiform,  '0004  in.  long.  The  difference  between  it 
and  C.jjlicatUis^  as  regards  the  spores,  is  very  striking. — M.J.  B. 


Hemerohii — pileus  always  smooth. 

479.  Coprinus  hemerobius.     Fr.     "  Collared  Coprinus. " 

Pileus  very  thin,  ovate,  nearly  even,  then  expanded,  cam- 
panulate, splitting,  sulcate,  smooth,  apex  subpruinose  ;  stem 
elongated,  attenuated,  smooth,  pallid ;  gills  linear,  pallid,  then 
black,  adnexed  to  an  obscure  collar. — Fr.  Fpicr.  p.  253.  Bolt. 
t.31.  Fl.  Dan.  L  1960,/.  2. 

On  roadsides.     Rare. 

With  t'le  habit  of  C  plicatilis,  but  the  stem  longer,  4-5  in.,  and  very  fra- 
gile, pileus  persistently  campanulate,  disc  bright  brown,  never  the  least  de- 
pressed ;  gills  1-1^  lines  broad. 

480.  Coprinus  filiformis.     Berk,  d;  Br.     "  Filiform  Coprinus." 

Very  minute ;  pileus  cylindrical,  striate,  grey,  with  white 
micaceous  particles;  stem  capillary,  white,  verj  minutely  pilose. 
—Ann.  N.H.  no.  928,  t.  lb  J.  8. 

On  the  ground,  in  woods.     Sept.     Colleyweston. 

Pileus  not  a  line  high,  cylindrical,  striate,  grey,  shining  with  white  mealy 
particles  ;  stem  half-an-inch  high,  extremely  fine,  white,  sprinkled  with  a 
few  short  delicate  hairs ;  not  larger  than  Mxicor  canifius.—B.  <£■  Br. 


170 


AGARICINI. 


Gen.  3. 


w.Ci.s  -v  . 


Fig.  40. 


BOLBITIUS,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  253. 


Spores  coloured ;  pileus  yellow,  Le- 
coming  moist ;  stem  hollow,  confluent 
with  the  hymenophore  ;  gills  becom- 
ing moist,  but  not  deliquescent,  at 
length  losing  their  colour  and  becom- 
ing powdery. 

Hab.  Dung  or  rank  earth  near  to 

towns.  {Fig  40.) 

A  very  natural  but  small  genus,  inter- 
mediate between  Agarkus  and  Coprinus  on 
one  side,  and  Cojrrinus  and  Cortinariv.s  on  the 
other  ;  it  resembles  Coprinvs  in  its  mode  of 
growth,  and  ephemeral  existence.  The  species 
have  no  known  use. —  W.  G.  S. 


481.  Bolbitius    Boltoni.      Fr.      "Bolton's   Bolbitius." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  viscid,  at  first  smooth,  then  the  mem- 
branaceous margin  is  sulcate  ;  disc  darker,  subdepressed ;  stem 
attenuated,  yellowish,  ring  fugacious,  at  first  flocculose  ;  gills 
Bub-adnate,  livid  yellow,  then  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  254.  Bolt. 
^  149.  Ag.Boltonii.  Eng.  FL\.p.lll . 

On  dung.     June — Sept. 

Pileus  at  first  conical,  2  in.  broad,  yellow,  turning  pale  j  stem  3  in.   high. 
Spores  brownish. 

482.  Bolbitius  fragilis.     Fr.     "  Fragile  Bolbitius." 

Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  viscid,  pellucid,  margin  striate, 
disc  sub-umbonate  ;  stem  attenuated,  naked,  smooth,  yellow; 
gills  attenuated,  adnexed,  yellowish,  then  pale  cinnamon. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  254.  Bolt.  t.  65.  Sow.  t.  96. 

On  dimg.     Common. 

Pileus  yellow,  then  whitish,   more   delicate  and  fragile  than  B.  Boltoni. 
Spores  rusty  brown.     Stem  3  in.  Icng. 
Ag.  ■vitellin'iis .  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  311,  is  probably  this  species. 

(fig.  40.; 

483.  Bolbitius  titubans.     Fr.     "  Wavering  Bolbitius." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  expanded,  pellucid,  discoid,  striate  to 
the  middle;  stem  slender,  straight,  shining,  yellowish;  gills 
slightlv  adnexed,  pallid,  then  fleshy-brown  (salmon  coloured. 
B.)— Fr.£>/cr.^.254.  Bull.t.A2b,f.l.  Sow.t.US.  Evg.Fl. 
y.p.  117. 


AGAEICINI.  171 

Amongst  grass.     May — Oct.     Common. 

Pilens  1  in.  broad,  campanulato-convex,  yellow,  viscid,  shining,  margin 
notched,  plicate  and  striate,  pale  cinnamon,  subtnembranaceous,  very  deli- 
cate and  tender,  smooth,  at  length  almost  deliquescent,  shining,  and  snb- 
ochraceous;  giljs_ narrow,  slightly  ventricose,  very  minutely  adnexed,  cinna- 
mon. Stem  4-5  in,  high,  1-1|  line  thick,  striate  above,  pulverulento-squamu- 
lose,  pale  yellow,  fistulose,  very  tender  and  delicate.— J/.  /.  B.  Sporea 
salmon  colour,  '00032  X  "OOOlZ  in. 

484.  Bolbitius  apicalis.     Smith.     "  Two-coloured  Bolbitius." 

Pilous  membranaceous,  brown,  striate  from  the  first,  then  pli- 
cate, liable  to  split ;  disc  ochraceous,  somewhat  fleshy,  obscurely 
umbonate,  the  difference  in  colour  between  the  two  parts  de- 
fined by  a  distinct  line  ;  stem  hollow,  striate,  white,  minutely 
pruinose  under  a  lens  ;  gills  somewhat  broad,  Tentricose,  free,  at 
first  pressed  to  the  stem,  brown. —  W.  G.  Smith,  in  litt. 

In  pastures.     Early  summer.     Staplehurst. 

Spores  brown,  "00035  X  '00025  in.  Stem  about  2  in.  long.  Pileus  f  in.  high. 
—  W.  G.  S. 

485.  Bolbititis  tener.    B.     "  Delicate  Bolbitius." 

Very  delicate  ;  pileus  white,  moist,  conical,  elongated ;  stem 
white,  bulbous  at  the  base ;  gills  attenuated  behind,  nearly  free, 
salmon  coloured. — Berk.  Outl.p.  183,  1. 12,/.  2.  B.  albipes,  Fr. 
Mon.  Hym. 

Amongst  short  grass.     Apethorpe. 

At  first  looking  like  a  dry  specimen  of  Ag.  Uner. 

Gen.  4.  COHTINARIUS,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  255. 

Spores  rusty-ochre,  resembling  in  colour  peroxide  of  iron ; 
veil  universal,  of  a  different  texture  to  the  pileus,  and  consisting 
of  arachnoid  threads  ;  a  similar  veil  is  found  in  Agaricus,  but  it 
is  there  either  partial,  or  continuous  with  the  cuticle  of  pileus; 
stem  confluent  with  the  hymenophore  ;  gills  adnate,  mem- 
branaceous, persistent,  cinnamon-coloured  and  powdery ;  trama 
floccose. 

Hab.  Woods  and  fields. 

This  genus,  tbe  most  natural  amongst  the  Ac/arici/ii,  is  readily  distin- 
guished by  its  peculiar  habit,  but  is  badly  defined  by  artificial  characters  j 
the  species  are  variable  in  size  and  changeable  in  colour;  uhen  old  they 
present  a  different  appearance  to  their  young  state,  and  are  very  different 
when  dry  to  when  fresh. —  TF.  G.  S. 

I  2 


172 


AGARICINI. 


Suh-Gen.  1.     Phlegmacium,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  256. 


Pileus  -with  a  continuous 
pellicle,  viscid  when  moist; 
veil  (and  consequently  the 
stem)  dry,  not  glutinous. 

{Fig.  41,  reduced.) 


Fig.  41. 


486.        Cortinairius  (Phlegmacium)  caperatus. 

Cortinarius." 


Fr.  "Wrinkled 


Pileus  fleshy,  ovate,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  moist,  incrusted 
with  superficial  white  flocci ;  stem  stout,  smooth,  white,  squamu- 
lose  at  the  apex,  from  the  broken,  reflexed,  membranaceous 
ring  ;  gills  fixed,  seceding,  serrate,  crowded,  clay-coloured. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.^o^y.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 167 b.  Kromhh.t.  7 3, f.  10-12.  Bot.  E. 
Bord.t.9.  Ann.N.H.no.Gdl. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Berwickshire.    Lancashire. 

Pileus,  ring,  and  stem  presenting  deeper  or  lighter  shades  of  ferruginoas 
orange,  dusted  with  pulverulent  particles,  which  consist  of  obovate  pedicel- 
late cells,  the  sides  of  which  are  sometimes  proliferous.  Spores  bright  fer- 
ruginous, '0004  in.  long.— 3/.  J.B. 


487. 


Cortinarius  (Phlegmacium)  varius. 

Cortinarius." 


Fr.     "  Variable 


Pileus  compact,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  even,  viscid, 
discoid ;  margin  smooth ;  flesh  white ;  stem  solid,  short,  with 
conical  adpressed  flocci,  whitish ;  gills  emarginate,  crowded,  quite 
entire,  purplish,  at  length  clay-coloured  or  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr, 
p.2bS.    Schceff.tA2.    Eng.  Fl.Y.p.^7 . 

In  woods.     Sept. — Nov.  [Cincinnati.] 

Very  variable  in  size,  but  nearly  constant  in  colour,  never  having  a  blue 
tint  on  the  stem  ;  pills  when  young  pale  (purplish,  margin  yellow),  at  length 
dilute,  of  a  clay  colour,  inclining  to  cinnamon.  Stem  short  or  elongated, 
marginato-bulbous,  or  nearly  equal,  even  or  scaly. — Fries. 


AGAEICINI.  173 

488.        Cortinaiius  (Phlegmacium)  cyanipes.  Fr.  "  Blue- 
stemmed  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  flesty,  hemisplierical,  then  expanded,  even,  viscid ; 
margin  thin,  smooth,  of  the  same  colour ;  flesh  whitish  ;  stem 
solid,  violaceous  then  whitish,  naked  above  the  thin  veil  ;  bulb 
depressed,  oblique  ;  gills  adnate,  then  emarginate,  broad,  rather 
crowded,  violaceous,  then  pallid. — Mon.  Hym.  ii.  p.  8.  Fr.  Epicr. 
I?.  258.  Sow.  t.  22^.   C.  cyanopus,  Berk.  Outl.p.  184:. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  2|-  in.  broad,  at  first  livid  brown,  then  opaque  tan-colour  ;  stem  2-3 
in.  long.  ^  in.  thick,  naked,  white,  violet  upwards  ;  gills  3-4  lines  broad,  at 
first  adnate,  at  length  emarginate. 


489.  Cortinarius  (Phlegmacium)    russus.     7>.     "Kuddy 

Cortinarius."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  viscid,  margin  innately  silky- 
fibrillose  ;  stem  somewhat  hollow,  soft,  attenuated,  closely  fibril- 
lose,  pallid,  nearly  white,  veil  fugacious  ;  gills  adnate,  broad, 
crowded,  connected  by  veins,  reddish-ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
261.   Trans.  WooUi.  CI.  1870,  t.  1. 

In  moist  woods.     Autumn. 

Pileus  4  in.  broad,  fleshy,  convex,  then  flattened,  obtuse,  viscid,  glabrous 
at  the  disc,  fibrous  at  the  margin,  brittle,  uniformly  red.  Veil  tender,  fuga- 
cious. Gills  obtusely  adnate,  scarcely  perceptibly  rounded,  or  with  a  slight 
decurrent  toothj  crowded,  veined,  of  a  red  peroxide  of  iron  colour,  similar 
to  the  pileas.  Stem  stufi'ed,  then  hollow,  not  bulbous,  often  curvato- 
ascending,  soft,  streaked  with  fine  silky  fibres,  somewhat  pruinose  at  the 
apex.  Flavour  not  bitter  but  nauseous.  Spores  brown,  '00032  X  "0002  in. — 
W.  G.  S, 

490.  Cortinarius  (Phlegmacium)  anfractus.    Fr.     ''  Bent 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  unequal,  plicate,  at  length  undulato-repand, 
rather  viscid,  shining  when  dry  ;  stem  stuffed,  unequal,  closely 
fibrillose  ;  apex  violaceous  and  veiled ;  gills  arcuato-adfixed, 
crisped,  somewhat  distant,  dingy  oKve,  then  cinnamon. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  262.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  692. 

In  woods.     Rare.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  covered  completely  by  a  close  white  volva  when  young. — M.J.B. 
Stem  clavate,  immargiuate,  2  in.  long,  |  in.  or  more  thick;  pileus  2-3  in. 
broad,  even,  dark  olive,  then  dingy  tawny.  Gills  emarginate,  distant,  3-4 
lines  broad. 


174  AGAEICINI. 

491.  Cortinaarius  (Phlegmacmm)    xntiltiforxnis.    Fr. 

Multiform  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  equal,  smooth,  viscid  ; 
flesh  and  fugacious  veil  Tvhite ;  stem  solid,  attenuated,  closely 
fibrillose,  naked,  white,  then  yellowish;  bulb  submarginate ; 
gills  emarginate,  crowded,  serrated,  white,  then  clay-coloured 
cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  263.  Sow.  1. 102. 

In  woods.     Rare. 

Stem  solid,  2-4  in.  long,  about  |-  in.  thick,  equal  or  attenuated,  naked, 
white,  then  yellowish.  Pileus  yellow,  clayey  yellow,  tawny,  &c.  Flesh 
white,  at  first  compact,  then  soft.     Spores  ochraceous. 

492.  C3jrtlnairius  (Phlegmacmm)  glauco]?us.     Fr.  "Brown- 

zoned  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  compact,  torn,  expanded,  subrepand,  viscid,  then  floc- 
coso-squamose  or  fibrillose,  flesh  at  length  yellowish ;  stem  solid, 
stout,  striate,  bluish,  then  pale  yellowish,  margined  at  the  base; 
gills  emarginate,  broad,  bluish,  then  clay -coloured  ciunamon. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  26 L.  Schceff.  t.  53.  Batsch.  f.  73.  JIuss.t.  Hag. 
Zool.  ^'  Bot.  no.  4. 

In  pine  woods.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Stem  solid,  very  thick,  at  first  bulbous,  Sin.  long,  bulb  evauescent,  but 
the  base  marginate,  pale  blue,  without  and  within  base  yellowish  Pileus 
rather  viscid,  rarely  even,  commonly  floccoso-squamose,  dingy  yellow,  tan- 
coloured,  tawny,  or  clay  colour. 


493.  Cortinarius    (Phlegmaciuxn)     callochrous.     Fr. 

"  Tawny-viscid  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  smooth,  viscid,  un- 
changeable ;  flesh  compact,  white ;  stem  solid,  equal,  fibrillose, 
white,  then  yellowish  ;  bulb  distinct,  margined  ;  gills  emargi- 
nate, crowded,  serrated,  bright  blue,  then  purplish. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  265.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 12,/.  3.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  86. 

In  woods.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  truly  carnose,  viscid  when  moist,  nearly  smooth,  with 
a  satiny  lustre,  olivaceous  tawny  when  young,  tawny  wlioa  full  t^^rown  ;  flesk 
tinged  with  yellow,  and  when  young  very  dilute  violet.  Veil  arachnoid. 
Gills  close,  thin,  emarginate,  serrulate,  at  first  bright  violet,  then  ferrugi- 
nous, with  a  dilute  violet  tinge,  not  at  all  olivaceous.  Stem  1-3  in.  high,  1 
in.  thick,  fibrillose,  the  fibrillae  above  copiously  dusted  with  the  spores,  bul- 
bous, violet  towards  the  gills,  the  rest  whitish,  when  young  very  shaggy  at 
the  base.— J/.  /.  B. 


AGARICINI.  175 

494:.  Cortinarius     (Phlegmacium)    coerul33ceiis.    Fr. 

"Azure-blue  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  even,  viscid;  flesh  soft; 
stem  solid,  attenuated,  naked,  bluish,  then  whitish ;  bulb  mar- 
ginate ;  gills  adnexed,  crowded,  quite  entire,  at  first  of  a  pure 
dark  blue. — -Fr.  Epicr.  p.  265.  Schceff.  t.  34,  /.  5.  Lelell.  t.  651. 
Anfi.  N.H.,  no.  68.    Vent.  t.  32,  f.  1-3. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Oct.  [Cincinnati.] 

Pib^us  2j-3  in.  broad,  at  length  nearly  plane,  with  the  margin  repand,  of 
a  beiuti*"ul  azure  blue  ;  at  first  vis nid,  w  len  dry  marked  with  a  few  innate 
indist'nct  sq'iaraiform  patches,  fleshy,  flesh  rather  firm,  not  changing  to 
violet  when  bruisid.  Gills  rather  distant,  ainate,  subdecarrent,  obscurely 
emarginate,  violet,  at  length  stained  with  t'.ie  spores.  Ste  n  o  in.  high,  |-f 
in.  thick,  solid,  bulbous,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus,  fibrillose.  SmeU 
like  that  of  radishes.— J/.  /.  B. 

495.  Cortinarius    (Phlegmacium)    purpurascens.      Fr. 

''  Purplish  Cortinarius."' 

Pileus  compact,  dilated,  subrepand,  grained,  viscid ;  flesh 
blue ;  stem  solid,  blunt,  fibrillose  ;  bulb  marginate,  vanishing  ; 
gills  broadly  ema/^'inate,  crowded,  bluish,  then  clay-coloured 
cinnamon,  purplish  when  rubbed. — Fr.  Epicr.p.2Q6. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Pileus  obtuse,  disc  compact,  4-5  in  broad,  bay  or  bright  brown,  then  tawny 
olive,  with  an  elevated  brown  zone.  Stem  solid,  thick,  bulbous,  pale  blue. 
Gills  3  lines  and  more  broad. 

498.        Cortinarius  (Phlegmacmm)  dibaphus.     Fr.     "Spotted 

Cortinarius."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  piano-depressed,  smooth,  viscid,  variegated ; 
flesh  yellow,  under  the  cuticle  yiolet ;  stem  stuffed,  fibrillose, 
shining,  yellow,  purplish  above  ;  bulb  marginate  ;  gills  adnate, 
somewhat  crowded,  quite  entire,  ferruginous  purple. — Fr,  Epicr. 
^.266.  Saund.  ^'  Sm.  i.t.  10. 

In  woods. 

Stem  3  in.  high,  \  in.  thick.  Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  purplish,  disc  yellow, 
at  length  spotted  with  lilac  and  repand. — FHes.  Spores,  with  an  apiculus 
at  both  ends,  -0004  X  "0003  in. 

497.         Cortinarius  (Phlegmacium)  turbinatus.     Fr.     "Top- 
shaped  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  plane,  then  depressed,  even,  viscid,  of  one 
colour,  smooth,  growing  pale  ;  flesh  white,  soft ;  stem  stufl'ed, 
Eub-equal,  shining,  whitish  ;  bulb  marginate  ;  gills  attenuated, 
isabelline,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  266.  Bull.  i.  110. 
Eng.Fl.Y. p. 31*. 


176  AGARICINT. 

In  woods.    King's  Cliffe.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  convex,  scarcely  umbonate,  at  length  often  depressed, 
viscid  wben  moist,  at  length  shining,  very  even,  yellow  tawny,  carnose, 
cuticle  easily  peeling  off.  Gills  numerous,  yellowish,  then  cinnamon,  acutely 
adnate.  Stem  2-3  in.  high,  ^  in.  or  more  thick,  bulbous  at  the  base,  and 
often  marginate,  solil,  not  the  least  violet. — M.  J.B, 

498.  Cortinarius  (Phlegmacium)  fulgens.     Fr.     "  Shining 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  plane,  equal,  silky-fibrillose,  viscid,  flesh  at 
length  spongy,  tan  coloured  ;  stem  stout,  bulb  depressed,  mar- 
ginate, yellow,  woolly,  filamentose,  at  length  pulverulent,  ferru- 
ginous;  gills  emarginate,  somewhat  tawny. — Fr.  Epic7\p,  267. 
B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no.  1012.  Saund.  ^.  Sm.  1. 12. 

In  pine  woods,  &c.     Sept.     Bathford  Down. 

Stem  woolly,  when  young  moist,  viscid.  Gills  somewhat  crowded,  quite 
entire,  at  first  yellowish,  then  ferruginous.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  sometimes 
equamulose.     Spores  with  an  apiculus  at  both  ends,  "00036  X  •0i)02  in. 

(Jiff.  41,  reduced.) 

499.  Cortinarius  (Phlegmacium)  scaurus.   Fr.    "  Club-footed 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  equal,  smooth,  tiger-spotted,  viscid,  becoming 
pale, margin  thin,  at  length  somewhat  striate  ;  stem  solid,  spongy 
at  the  base,  then  marginato-bulbose,  attenuated,  striate,  growing 
pale  ;  gills  attenuated,  adnate,  rather  thin,  crowded,  purplish, 
then  olivaceous. — Fr.JEpicr.p.  268.  Bei^k.  Outl.p.ld>6.  Eng.Fl, 
Y.p.  86. 

In  woods.     King's  Clifife.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Foft,  insipid.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  sometimes  depressed  ;  gills  rather  thin, 
at  length  cinnamon.  Stem  about  3  in,  high,  fibrillose,  sometimes  marginato- 
bulbous,  when  growing  amongst  moss  nearly  equal. — Fries. 

500.  Cortinarius  (Phlegmacium)  prasinus.   Fr.    '*  Leek-green 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  compact,  equal,  viscid,  variegated  with  scale-like  spots; 
stem  solid,  short,  firm,  base  marginato-bulbose,  pallid  greenish, 
as  well  as  the  veil ;  gills  rounded,  rather  distant,  yellow-olive. — 
Fr.Epicr.  p.  268.  Schcef.t.  218.    Vent.t.23J.U3. 

In  beech  woods. 

Stem  short,  solid,  very  thick,  pale  greenish,  not  violet,  flesh  greenish- 
white.  Pileus  very  obtuse,  regular,  viscid,  spotted,  sometimes  bluish-green, 
sometimes  dingy  brown,  margin  regularly  involute ;  flesh  dirty  white  ;  gills 
emarginate,  not  crowded,  yellowish  olive  or  olivaceous,  base  darker,  cinereous- 
olive. 


AGARICINI. 


177 


Sub-Gen.  2.     Myxacium,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  273. 


Pileus  glutinous  ;  veil  (and 
consequently  the  stem)  yiscid, 
polished  when  dry. 

{Fig.  42,  reduced.) 


Fig.  42. 

501.  Coxtinarius  (Myxacium)  collinitus.     Fr.    "  Smeared 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  even,  glutinous, 
shining ;  stem  firm,  cylindrical,  transversely  squamose  from  the 
breaking  up  of  the  glutinous  floccose  veil ;  gills  adnate,  clay- 
coloured,  or  grey,  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  214:.  Sow.  t.  9. 
Bull.  t.  549,  596.  Buxb.  iv.  t.  9.  Batsch.f.  197,  C.  var.  Eng.  Fl. 
v.j:>.  93.    Fe?!^. «.  32,/.4-6. 

In  woods.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Gills  and  stem  sometimes  purplish,  sometimes  wifhout  any  purple  tint, 
except  when  very  young.  Pileus  3  in.  broad,  expanded,  very  slimy,  shining 
when  dry,  tawny-ochraceous,  margin  thin  ;  gills  broad,  ventricose,  rounded 
behind  and  adnate  with  a  tooth,  connected  by  veins,  distant;  stem  4  in. 
high,  I  in.  thick,  solid,  white  within,  except  at  the  base,  which  is  rhubarb- 
coloured  without,  covered  below  with  a  white  silky,  slimy  coat,  broken  trans- 
versely into  scales,  beneath  which  it  is  rhubarb-coloured  ;  fibrillose  above  the 
obsolete  ring.— J/. /.  ^.     Spores '00038  X  '00022  in.       (Fig. '^,  reduced.) 

502.  Cortinarius  (lyiyxacium)  elatior.   Fr.   "  Tall  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  cylindrical,  then  expanded,  viscid,  disc  rather  fleshy, 
even,  otherwise  membranaceous,  and  plicato-rugose  ;  stem  elon- 
gated, soft,  stout,  attenuated  at  either  end,  squamose  from  the 
torn  veil;  gills  adnate,  broad,  connected  by  veins,  and  rugose, 
brownish-ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  21 4,.  Berh.  Outl. p.  186. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Stem  solid,  soft,  5-7  in.  long,  I  in.  and  more  thick,  commonly  attenuated, 
longitudinally  fibrous  ;  pileus  about  3-4  in.  broad,  when  moist  livid  yellow, 
when  dry  dingy  ochre,  but  variable  in  colour,  whitish,  tan  colour,  bright 
brown,  violet-brown,  &c.  j  gills  sub-distant,  at  first  3  lines  broad,  after- 
wards broader. 

I  5 


178 


AGARICINI. 


503.         Cortinarius  (BUyxacium)  stillatitius.    Fr.    "Dripping 

Cortinarius." 

Pilens  thin,  convexo-plane,  siibumbonate,  eyen;  stem  hollow, 
very  soft,  equally  atteriuated,  at  first  covered  "with  a  blue  gluten; 
gills  emarginate,  somewhat  distant,  broad,  ferruginous,  cinna- 
mon.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  211 .  Saund.  ^  Sm.  t.  3. 

In  mossy  places. 

Stem  2,  scarcely  3  in.  long,  3-4  lines  thick.  Pilens  sliditly  flesliy,  scarcely 
2  in.  broad,  even,  smooth,  covered  with  a  blue  gluten,  afterwards  livid  brown, 
and  at  length  greyisb-wbite.     Flesb  soft,  watery,  bygrophanous. 


604.  Cortinarius  (I\/Iyxaciuni)  livido-ochraceus. 

"Livid  ocbrey  Cortinarius." 


B. 


Pileus  plane,  submembranaceous,  viscid,  margin  not  striate; 
stem  attenuated  at  either  end,  subsquamose,  striate  above  the  fugi- 
tive veil,  stuffed  with  cottony  fibres;  gills  cinnamon,  sub-adnexed, 
broad  in  front. — Berk  Outl.  p.  187.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  89. 

In  woods.      King's  Cliffe.      Coed  Coch. 

Pileus  1  in.  across,  quite  smooth,  shining,  covered  witb  a  thick  sub-carti- 
laginous skin,  the  margin  very  thin  but  not  striate,  plane,  livid-ochraceous  ; 
edge  with  a  few  indistinct  fragments  of  the  veil;  gills  cinnamon,  theextreniie 
margin  pale,  moderately  distant,  broad  in  front,  appearing  as  if  adnexed  ; 
stem  1  in.  high,  |  thick  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  swollen,  attenuated  below, 
silky,  beautiful  violet,  ochraceous  at  the  base  ;  snb-scpamose,  portion  above 
the  obsolete  ring  striate,  stuffed  witb  cottony  fibres.     Inodorous.— i)/./.  .5. 


Sub- Gen.  3.     Inoloma.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  278. 


Pileus  fleshy,  subcompact, 
perfectly  dry,  with  no  viscid 
pellicle,  silky  with  scales,  or 
innate  fibres,  not  bygropha- 
nous ;   stem  bulbous. 

The  species   are   handsome 
and  easily  distine:nished. 
(Fig.  43.) 


Fig.  43. 


AGAElCII^l.  179 

505.  Cortinarius  (Inoloma)  violaceus.     Fr.      "Violet  Corti- 

narius." 

Dark  violet ;  pileus  fleshy,  obtuse,  villoso-squamose  ;  stem  bul- 
bous, spongy,  villous,  internally  cinereous  violet;  gills  fixed,  broad, 
thick,  distant,  darker. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  279.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  85.  Huss. 
i.  1. 12.  Sv.  Bot.  t.  288.  Hediv.  obs.  t.  4.  Bull  t.  250.  Smith,  E.M. 
/.  12.  Hogg  ^'  Johnst.  t.  6.    Vent.  t.  38,/.  1-3. 

In  woods.     Esculent.  [United  States.] 

_  Pileug  4  in.  or  more  across,  obtuse,  expanded,  gills  when  young  deep 
violet,  almost  black,  stem  4  in.  high,  when  young  subtomentose.— i^/-ie5. 

506.  Coxtinaxius   (Inoloma)   camphoxatus.      Fr.      "Strong- 

scented  Cortinarius.'' 

Pileus  fleshy,  obtuse,  lilac,  silky,  then  smooth  and  discoloured  ; 
stem  bulbous,  dry  ;  base  white  within,  becoming  bluish  as  well  as 
the  veil  ;  gills  thin,  crowded,  bright  coerulean,  then  purplish. — 
Fr.Ep. p.  280.  B.4'Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  (IS66),  no.  1128. 

On  the  ground  in  woods.     KSept.     Fineshade. 

Stem  solid,  soft,  bulbous  or  obclavate,  3-5inche=!  long,  ^-1  in.  thick,  woolly 
when  young,  violet,  white  within  at  the  bise.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  at  first 
eilky,  lilac,  then  smooth  and  discoloured  (whiti?!h,  yellowish,  &;c.),  nothygro- 
phanous  j  flesh  blue,  gills  decurrent  or  emarginate.     Odour  strong  and  foetid. 

507.  Coxtinaxius  (Inoloma)  callisteus.      Fr.       "  Stout  Corti- 


narius." 


Yellowish  tawny  ;  pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  rather 
smooth,  even,  and  innato-squamulose  ;  margin  rather  silky  ;  flesh 
yellowish-white;  stem  elongated,  bulbous,  tawny  fibiillose  ;  gills 
adnate,  floccose,  connected  behind. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  281.  A.  validus 
B.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.8^.  Saund.  4' Sm.t.3. 

In  woods.     Rare. 

Pilr'us4  in.  broad,  fleshy,  martrin  thin,  deep  tawny  inclining  to  ferruginous, 
atfirst  convex,  flatly  hemispherical,  orsub-canipanulate,  very  obtuse,  at  length 
expanded,  planp-convex,  clothed  with  very  minute  reflexed  scales;  flesh 
whitish,  partaking  very  slightly  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus  ;  margin  at  first 
eubinvolute.  Gills  |th  in.  broad,  brittle,  undulate,  nearly  horizontal,  adnate, 
Boon  starting  from  the  stem,  and  connected  with  it  by  a  few  fibres,  very  mi- 
nutely  emarginate,  pale  tawny,  clouded  with  the  spores.  Stem  4  in.  high, 
nearly  1  in.  thick  in  the  centre,  I3  at  the  base,  bulbou?,  fibrillose  from  the 
remains  of  the  fugacious  veil,  which  forms  in  tlie  very  young  plant  a  slight 
extremely  evanescent  ring,  which  is  coloured  by  the  spores,  solid,  tawny  like 
the  pileus.  At  the  base  are  a  few  strong  roots  There  is  not  the  slightest 
tino-e  of  purple  or  violet  in  any  stage  of  growth. — M.J.B.  Spores  '0003  X 
•00022  in.  (Fig.  43,  rediu:ed.) 


180  AGAEICINI. 

508.        Cortinarius  (Inoloma)  Bulliardi.      Fr,      "  Red-rooted 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campannlato-convex,  sub -gibbous,  even  or  squam- 
ulose,  rufescent ;  stem  bulbous,  short,  firm,  vermilion  below,  with 
fibrils  of  the  same  colour,  apex  whitish  ;  gills  adnexed,  broad, 
purplish,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  282.  Bull  t.  431,/.  3. 
B.  4- Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  693,  1128  *. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Fineshade,  Bristol. 

Remarkable  for  its  bright  red  mycelium.  Stem  solid,  2-3  in.  long,  \  in. 
thick.  Pileus  obtuse,  2-3  in.  broad,  dry,  dark  rufescent  or  sanguineous  brown. 
Gills  3  lin.  broad,  rather  crowded,  purplish  then  ferruginous,  edge  crenulate 
(whitish) .     Flesh  pallid. 

609.        Cortinarius  (Inoloma)  bolaxis.      Fr.      **  Collared  Corti- 
narius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  obsoletely  umbonate,  growing  pale,  variegated 
with  saffron-red,  adpressed,  innate,  pilose  scales;  stem  stuffed,  then 
hollow,  nearly  equal,  squamose,  of  the  same  colour ;  gills  sub- 
decurrent,  crowded,  watery  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  /?.282.  Pers. 
Ic.pict.  1. 14,/.  1.  Berk.  Outl.  ^.  19,/.  1.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  69. 

In  Beech  woods.  Sept.  and  Oct.  Rare.  King's  Cliffe.  Argyll- 
shire. 

Stem  hard,  equal,  2-3  in.  long,  3-5  lines  thick,  straight,  curved,  or  flex- 
nose.  Pileus  1-2  in.  broad  and  upwards,  reddish  yellow,  growing  paler  ; 
variegated  with  red  maculseform  adpressed  scales.     Flesh  firm  white. 

510.         Cortinarius  (Inoloma)   pholideus.      Fr.      "Scaly  Corti- 


narius." 


Pileus  fleshy,  expanded,  obtuse,  umbonate,  fawn  coloured, 
densely  squamulose  with  innate,  blackish,  fasciculated  hairs  ;  stem 
attenuated,  transversely  squarrose  with  sooty-brown  scales,  even 
and  violet  above  the  veil ;  gills  sub-emarginate,  crowded,  violet 
then  clay-coloured  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  283.  A.  4'  S.  t.  12, 
/.I.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  272. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe.  [United  States.] 

Stem  solid,  3-4  in.  long,  3-6  lin.  thick,  attenuated  upwards.  Pileus  2-4 in. 
broad,  sub-umbonate,  depressed  about  the  umbo,  fawn  coloured,  growing 
pale.     Flesh  pallid.     Gills  2-4  lin.  broad. 

511.         Cortinarius  (Inoloma)  sublanatus.     Fr.     "  Woolly  Corti- 
narius." 

Pileus  fleshy,   campanulate,  then   expanded,   umbonate,  tan 
coloured,  inclining  to  brown,  clothed  with  innate,  pilose  scales  ; 


AGAKICINI. 


181 


stem  bulbous,  attenuated,  smooth  above,  pallid,  squamose  below 
with  brownish  down;  gills  sub-adnate,  scarcely  crowded,  yellowish- 
olivaceous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  283.  Sow.  t.  224.  Huss.  ii.  t.  22.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.U. 

In  woods.     Oct.     Eare. 

Smell  like  that  of  radishes.  Pileus  3  in.  broad,  at  length  broadly  and 
obtusely  umbonate,  colour  variable,  scales  brownish  or  white,  sometimes 
silky,  adpressed  ;  gills  adnata  or  eraarginate.  Stem  3  in.  high,  yellowish- 
pallid,  sometimes  violet  above. — Fries. 

512.      Cortinarius  (Inoloma)  arenatus.   P.    " Sandy  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  at  first  gibbous,  granulated  with  floccose 
scales,  light  red,  then  brownish ;  stem  clavato-attenuated,  be- 
yond the  middle  clad  with  brown  scales,  apex  even,  pallid ;  gills 
emarginate,  ventricose,  rather  crowded,  yellowish-cinnamon. — 
Fr. Epicr.p.  2^^.  Bull.  t.  686.  Huss.lt.  72. 

In  woods.     Coed  Coch. 

This  cannot  be  distinguished  safely  from  C.  pholide^is  except  when  the 
specimens  are  young,  in  which  case  the  colour  of  the  gills  is  distinctive. — 
M.J.B. 

Sub-Gen.  4.     Dermocybe,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  283. 


Fig.  44. 


Pileus  thin,  but  fleshy,  with  no 
viscid  pellicle,  entirely  dry,  not 
hygrophanous,  at  first  clothed  with 
a  superficial  down,  then  glabrous; 
stem  thin,  somewhat  stuffed,  equal 
or  attenuated,  not  bulbous ;  gills 
changeable  in  colour. 

The  species  are  polymorphous  and 
defined  with  difficulty,  in  consequence  of 
the  changeable  colour  of  the  gills. 

(Fig.  44.) 


513. 


Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)  ochroleucus. 

Cortinarius." 


Fr.    **  Pallid 


Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  gibbous,  then  obtuse,  even,  nearly 
smooth,  pallid-white ;  stem  solid,  firm,  ventricose,  white,  fibril- 
lose  above,  veiled  ;  gills  adnexed,  nearly  free,  crowded,  whitish, 
clay-coloured  ochre. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  284:.  Schceff.  t.  bi. 


182  AGARICINI. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Mossburnford.  [United  States.] 

Stem  solid,  3  in.  lons^,  |  in.  thick,  naked,  white,  apex  and  veil  fibrillose. 
Pileus  2  in.  broad,  minutely  silky,  then  smooth,  pallid,  at  length  nearly 
white.    Flesh  firm,  white. 

614.  Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)  tabularis.     Fr,    "  Flat 

Cortiaarius." 

Pileus  flesby,  equal,  soon  plane,  flocculose,  then  smooth, 
brownish  claj-coloured,  becoming  pale ;  stem  stuffed,  tough, 
elastic,  white,  closely  fibrilloso-squamose  or  smooth;  gills  emar- 
ginate,  crowded,  whitish,  then  claj-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
284.    Bull.t.4.U,f.o. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Stem  staffed,  at  length  hollow,  touj^h,  elastic,  attenuated  at  the  base  or 
eqnal,  2-3  in.  long,  3  lin.  and  more  thick,  erect;  veil  whitish,  fugacious; 
pileus  3  in.  or  more  broad,  clay-coloured,  then  brownish  clay  colour,  grow- 
ing pale.    Gills  3  lin.  broad.     Flesh  white. 

515.  Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)  diabolicus.     Fr.    "Tawny 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin ,  hemispherical,  obtuse,  then  gibbous,  brownish, 
clotlied  with  grey  threads,  at  length  smooth,  yellowish  tawny ; 
stem  stuffed,  rather  thin,  smooth,  growing  pale,  bluish-grey 
above  ;  gills  sub-emarginate,  adnexed,  crowded,  pallid  (whitish 
or  fugacious  blue-grey),  then  clay-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  285. 

In  woods. 

Stem  3  in.  long,  usually  slander,  2  lin.  thick,  sometimes  twice  that  thick- 
ness. Pil->us  I  in.  broad  and  more,  dry,  fragile,  soon  rimose  ;  gills  adnate, 
2  lines  and  more  broad,  firm. 

51S.  Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)  caninus.     Fr.     **  Rufous 

Cortinarius."' 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  becoming  smooth,  bright- 
rufous,  changing  colour  ;  stem  clavato-bulbose,  elastic,  closely 
fibrillose, pallid,  violaceous  above;  gills  emarginate,  broad,  rather 
distant, purplish,  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.2SD.  Bull.  t.  544. 
/.  i.  Bi'xb.  iv.  t.  22.    Saund.  and  Sm.  1. 15. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe. 

Stem  stuffed,  spongy  within,  at  length  hollow,  Sin.  and  upwards  long, 
^  in.  tliick,  thickened  at  the  base,  somewhat  bulbous.  Veil  in  the  perfect 
stat"  double.  Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  firm,  colour  variable,  tawny,  brown,  or 
brick  red.    Flesh  white,  at  length  somewhat  yellowish. 


AGAEICINl.  183 

517.  Cortinaxius  (Dermocybe)  anomalus.    Fr.     "Thin-capped 

Cortinarius." 

Pileiis  fleshy,  thin,  convex,  obtuse,  then  gibbous,  dingy-rufous, 
discoloured  with  evanescent  fibrils  ;  stem  somewhat  stuffed,  thin, 
attenuated,  fibrillose,  rather  scaly,  pallid-violaceous ;  gills  crowded, 
with  a  decurrent  tooth, bluish-purple,  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr, 
p. 286.  BulLt.4.31,f.3.  LeteU.t.G34..  BerJc.0utl.t.UJ.4..Eng, 
Fl.Y.p.Se. 

In  woods.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  very  obtuse,  sometimes  broadly,  but  very  flatly  -nm- 
bonate.  iinged  at  first  with  violet,  minutely  silky,  so  as  to  present  a  white 
satiny  appearance,  gradually  changing  to  ochraceons  or  slightly  tawny,  flesh 
thick,  escept  at  the  extreme  margin,  which  has  often  traces  of  the  arachnoid 
veil  dusted  with  the  spores  ;  gills  close,  rounded  behind,  at  first  violet,  at 
length  pale  ferruginous ;  stem  2j  in.  high,  fin.  thick,  in  the  middle  sub- 
bulbous,  more  or  less  tinged  with  violet,  soiid,  fibrillose.  wdth  more  or  less 
distinct,  transverse,  closely  pressed,  brownish  scales,  whicli  originate  in  the 
veil,  the  top  adorned  with  the  descending  fibres  of  the  veil,  which  form  a 
spurious  ring  ;  beneath  this  there  is  sometimes  another  red  circle,  which  is 
the  true  ring.— J/.  /.  B. 

518.  Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)  spilomeus.     Fr.     ''Scaly- 

stemmed.  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  sli.o'htly  fleshy,  gibbous, dry,  becoming  smooth,  brownish, 
changing  colour  ;  stem  nearly  hollow,  thin,  white  or  lilac,  varie- 
gated with  rufous  or  tawny  scales  ;  gills  emarginate,  crowded, 
narrow,  bluish-lilac,  pallid,  at  length  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr. p. 
287.    Eng.Fl.Y.p.^D.  Sow.  t  384:  J.  I  ? 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe,  Bristol.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1  in.  broad,  slightly  fleshy,  colour  various,  when  young  whitish, 
then  ferruginous,  tinged  with  fuscous,  yellowish  when  dry.  Gills  violet,  then 
lilac,  at  length  cinnamon.  Stem  2-4  in.  high,  2-3  hnes  thick,  white,  tinged 
with  violet. — Fries. 

519.  Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)  sanguineus.    Fr.    "Blood-red 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  obtuse,  innate,  silky,  or  squamulose  ;  stem 
stuffed,  then  hollow,  thin,  equal,  as  well  as  the  veil,  dark  blood- 
red  ;  gills  crowded,  rather  broad,  darker. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  288. 
Jacq.  ^Coll.  ii.  t.  15,  /.  3.  Sow.  t.  43.  Bolt.  t.  56.  Eng.  Fl.v.p.  87. 
Kromhh.  t.  2,/.  28,  30.  Fl.  Boruss.  t.  385. 

In  woods. 

Pilous  about  1  in.  across,  convex,  blood-red  ;  gills  sometimes  adnate,  some- 
times pmarginate  ;  stem  stufi"ed.  then  hollow. — Fries.  Dried  specimens  re- 
tain their  colour  many  years.    Spores  •1)0025  X  'OuOlZ  in- 


184  AGARICINI. 

520.  Coztinarius  (Dermocybe)    cinnaznomeus.      Fr.    "Cin- 

namon Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  obtuse,  umbonate,  cinnamon-brown,  silky 
with  innate  yellowish  fibrils,  or  sqiiamulose,  at  length  becoming 
smooth  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  thin,  equal ;  flesh  and  veil 
yellowish  ;  gills  adnate,  broad,  crowded,  shining. — Fr.  Epicr.p, 
288.  Kro77ihh.t.71,f.  12-15.  Letell.t.  662.  Bolt.  t.  156.  Sow.t. 
205.    Vars.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  88.     3Iag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.  no.  49. 

In  woods.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-2|  in.  broad,  convex,  or  even  obtusely  conical  when  young,  be- 
coming nearly  plane,  obtusely  umbonate,  deep  reddish-cinnamon,  often 
cracking  at  the  margin,  which  is  thin  and  sometimes  fibrillose,  smooth, 
somewhat  fleshy  ;  flesb  yellowish;  gills  numerous,  adnate,  yellow  cinnamon, 
broad,  margin  often  notched ;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  2-4  lines  thick,  equal, 
fibrillose,  yellow,  solid,  hollow  in  old  plants. — Grev. 

(Fig.  4A,  reduced.) 

521.  Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)  uliginosus.     BerTi.     "Bog 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  campanulato-conical,  then  expanded,  bright  red  brown, 
very  strongly  umbonate,  silky,  sometimes  streaked,  flesh  yellow- 
olive,  then  cinnamon;  stem  flexuous,  paler  than  the  pileus;  gills 
distant,  adnate  with  a  tooth,  yellow,  then  olive,  then  cinnamon. 
— Berk  Outl.  p.  191. 

In  boggy  woods  amongst  Sphagnum.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  not  exceeding  2  in.  in  diameter,  of  a  beautiful  red  brown  (almost 
brick-red),  and  remarkable  for  its  very  strong  but  scarcely  acute  umbo. — 
M.  J.  B. 


522.        Cortinarius  (Dermocybe)   raphanoides.    Fr.    "Olive 

Cortinarius." 

Olivaceous,  then  discoloured  ;  pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then 
expanded,  gibbous,  silky  with  innate  fibrils ;  stem  stuffed,  firm, 
fibrillose,  opaque,  and  veil  paler ;  gills  adnato-ventricose,  rather 
crowded,  olivaceous  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  290.  Mich. 
t.l6,f.2?  Eng.  Fl.Y. p.  SS. 

In  beech  and  fir  woods.     Scotch  Highlands. 

Pileus  2  in.  broad,  when  moist  brownish-olive,  when  dry  yellowish-olive, 
convex  at  first,  then  expanded.  Gills  broad,  darker,  adnate,  or  emarginate  ; 
stem  3  in.  high,  4  lines  thick,  subascending,  fibrillose,  villous  at  the  base. — 
Fries. 


AGAEICINI. 


185 


Suh-Gen.  5.     Telamonia.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  291. 


Pileus  moist,  hygrophanous, 
at  first  glabrous  or  sprinkled 
with  the  arachnoid  superficial 
fibres  of  the  veil,  thin  or  moder- 
ately compact  in  the  disc  ;  stem 
peronate,  and  annulate  from  an 
inferior  veil.  Mostly  large  and 
handsome.  {F^Q-  ^^') 


523.  Coxtinazius   (Telamonia)   bulbosus. 

Cortinarius." 


Fr.     '*  Bulbous 


Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  smooth, 
bright  brown ;  disc  fleshy,  subgibbous  ;  stem  stout,  bulbous, 
pallid,  or  paler  than  the  pileus,  veil  white,  peronate,  subannu- 
late  ;  gills  adnate,  rather  distant,  opaque,  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr. 
_p.  292.  Sow.t.l^<d.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.Si. 

In  woods.     Rare. 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  fibrillose  under  a  lens,  brittle,  margin  thin;  gills 
rounded,  subadnate,  distinct,  3-5  lines  broad.  Stem  3-4  in.  high,  subtibril- 
lose,  in  full  grown  specimens  ferruginous  at  th.e  base.  Smell  Hke  that  of 
radishes, — Fries. 


524. 


Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  torvus.    Fr.     "Crabby 

Cortinarius." 


Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  pale-red  brown, 
whitish  with  fibrils  or  scales,  at  length  pierced,  smooth ;  stem 
stout,  sheathed  with  the  white  persistent  veil,  annulate,  veil 
violaceous  at  the  apex ;  gills  thick,  distant,  very  broad,  purp- 
lish-umber then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  293.  Bull.  t.  600,  /. 
Q.  E.  S.  Kromhh.  t.  73,  f.  19-21  ?  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  82. 

In  woods. 

Pileus  3  in.  or  more  broad ;  stem  3-5  in.  high,  ^-1  in.  thick,  violet,   but 
clothed  below  with  the  white  veil. 


186  AGARICINI, 

525.  Cortinarius  (Telanionia)  evernius.     Fr,     "Tufted 

Cortinarius." 

Pilens  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  conico-campanu- 
late,  then  expanded,  smooth,  purplish -bay,  reddish- white,  at 
lengtli  fibrillose  and  torn;  stem  stout,  cylindrical,  soft,  viola- 
ceous, scaly  from  the  remains  of  the  white  veil  ;  gills  adnate, 
very  broad,  distant,  purplish-violet. — Fr,  Epicr.  p.  294.  Sow.t. 
125.  Eng.Fl.Y.p,  S3. 

In  woods. 

Tafted  or  subgrep^arious.  Pilens  1-2  in.  broad,  purple  brown,  shining  with 
a  satiny  lustre,  umbonate,  tbe  umbo  generally  subumbilicate  ;  flesh  mode- 
rately thick  in  the  centre.  Gills  very  broad,  at  length  subferruginous,  dis- 
tant, adnate  for  half  their  breadth.  Stem  2.^-4  in.  high,  f  in.  thick,  undu- 
lated, silky,  much  paler  than  the  pileus,  with  a  few  slight  traces  of  the  veil. 
—M.J.B. 

526.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  arxnillatus.    Fr.    "Eed-zoned 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  soon  innato-fibril- 
lose  and  scaly,  torn,  bright  red  brown,  margin  thin ;  stem  solid, 
elongated,  bulbous,  fibrillose,  rufescent,  circled  by  a  red  zone ; 
gills  fixed,  very  broad,  distant,  pallid,  then  dark  cinnamon. — 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  295.  Bull.  t.  h21  J.  1.  Huss.  i.  t.  19. 

In  woods. 

Stem  solid,  firm,  3-6  in.  long,  \'va..  thick,  remarkable  for  its  blood-red 
zone.  Pileus  3-5  in.  broad,  dry,  brick  red,  at  first  smooth,  soon  innato- 
fibrillose  or  squamulose.    Odour  of  radishes. 

527.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  limonius.      Fr.      ''Lemon 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  smooth,  tawny  (ochra- 
ceous  yellow),  at  length  rivuloso- squamulose;  stem  solid,  firm, 
equal  ;  veil  fioccoso-squamose,  of  the  same  colour ;  gills  ad- 
nate, emarginate,  rather  distant,  yellow,  then  tawny-cinnamon. 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  296.     Holms,  ii.  t.  40.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  84. 

In  pine  woods. 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  when  dry  ochrey-yellow,  subsquarrose  ;  gills  some- 
times adnate,  sometimes  emarginate,  veil  rarely  forming  a  perfect  ring. 
Stem  2-4  in.  high,  ^  in.  thick,  fixm,  fibrillose,  dull  yellow,  sometimes  safiron- 
Ted.— Fries. 

528.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  hinnuleus.     Fr.     "Fawn 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  conico-campanu- 
late,  then  expanded,  sub-umbonate,  smooth,  pallid,  tawny  cinna- 


AGAEICINl.  187 

mon,  at  length  pierced ;  stem   stuffed,  rigid,  tawny,   attenuated 
downwards,  girt  above  by  the  white  silky  veil ;  gills  sub-emargi- 
nate,  distant,  broad,  thin,   quite  entire,  tawuy-cinnamon. — Fr. 
Epic?\p.'29b.  Sow.  t.  173. 
In  woods.     Common. 

Stem  sometimes  short,  about  1  in.  sometimes  2  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick, 
and  sometimes  3-4  in.  long  and  flexu ous.  Pileus  o'ot-a.se  or  obtusely  um- 
bonate,  pale  tawny  cinnamon,  growing  paler,  shining  when  dry.  Flesh  of 
the  same  colour.  i-Fi^'  45,  reduced.) 

629.  Coitinarius  (Telamonia)  gentilis.     i^;*.     "Delicate 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  conical,  then  expanded,  acutely  umbonate, 
even,  smooth,  at  length  cracked;  stem  slender,  equal,  squamose, 
with  tawny-cinnamon  (yellowish) scales,  and  oblique;  ring  yellow; 
gills  adnate,  thick,  very  distant,  quite  entire,  tawny-cinnamon, 
of  one  colour. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  297.  Br.  Bath,  Trans.  1870, p.  72. 
Fr.  Mon.  Hym.  \i.p.  87. 

In  pine  woods.     Box.      Hanham. 

Gregarious,  tawny-cinnamon.  Stem  2  lines  thick,  nearly  straight,  usually 
attenuated  at  the  base.  Pileus  \-l  in.,  rarely  more,  frequently  squaniulose, 
of  the  same  colour  as  the  stem,  hygrophanous,  when  dry  bright  yellow  and 
silky. 

530.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  helvelloides.     Fr.     "Thick- 

gilled  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  thin,  sub-convex,  obsoletely  umbonate, 
ferruginous,  at  length  rimose.  Stem  fistulose,  slender,  undulate, 
silky-fibrillose,  as  well  as  the  veil  yellowish,  gills  adnate,  very 
distant,  violaceous-umber  then  cinnamon,  edge  whitish -floccose. — 
Fr.Epicr. p.  297.  Ann.  N.H.no.  929. 

In  woods. 

Stem  fistulose,  2-3  in.  long,  1-2  lin.  thick,  equal,  veil  yellowish,  about  the 
margin  of  the  pileus  silky.  Pileus  5-I  in.  broad,  striate,  when  mature  rimose 
and  squarrose,  tawny  when  dry.     Gills  adnate,  very  thick  and  distant. 

531.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  periscelis.      Weinm.    "Lilac 

and  White  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  campanulate,  then  convex,  lilac  and  white,  silky,  umbo 
fleshy,  elsewhere  membranaceous  ;  stem  equal,  fibrillose,  of  the 
same  colour ;  veil  woven,  brownish,  sub-annulate  ;  gills  adnate, 
crowded,  narrow  pallid,  then  obscurely  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  300.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  691. 


188  AGAEICINI. 

In  bogs  or  under  beech.     Bowood. 

Stem  3-4  in.  long,  2-3  lines  thick,  straight,  brownish  when  dry,  wHtish 
villous  at  the  base.     Pileus  2  in.  broad,  hygrophanous. — Fries. 

532.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  psamxnocephalus.  Fr.  "Little 

Tawny  Cortinarius." 

Tawny  cinnamon  ;  pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex  then  expanded, 
at  length  umbonate,  furfuraceo-squamulose,  stem  stuffed,  attenu- 
ated, squamulose,  sheathed  with  the  contiguous  veil ;  gills  adnate, 
arcuate,  crowded. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  301.  Bull.  t.  531,/,  2.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  695. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe. 

Pileus  about  an  inch  across.     Stem  one  inch  long,  gills  darker  tban  the 

pileus,  flesh  of  the  same  colour,  not  white. 

533.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  ileopodius.  Fr.  "Tan-coloured 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convex,  subumbonate,  at  first  with  silky- 
white  threads,  becoming  smooth,  light  reddish-yellow  (tan  co- 
loured), at  length  even  and  rimose  ;  stem  equal,  thin,  tawny 
(without  and  within),  sheathed  with  a  pallid  veil,  naked  upwards, 
fibrilloso-striate  ;  gills  adnate,  somewhat  crowded,  thin,  incli- 
ning to  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  301.  Bull.  t.  586,  /.  2,  A.  B. 
Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  88. 

In  woods.     July — Nov.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  f  in.  broad,  at  first  conic,  with  the  silky  veil  attached  to  the  margin, 
then  convex,  rather  acutely  umbonate,  the  umbo  cinnamon,  then  brownish, 
changing  to  ochraceous,  sub-carnose,  silky,  especially  on  the  margin,  which 
is  pellucid  when  moist  ;  gills  at  tirstpale,  changing  to  dark  cinnamon.  Stem 
2  in.  or  more  high,  scarce  1  line  thick,  rufescent,  pruinose,  or  sericeo-squam- 
nlose,  moderately  tough,  at  length,  hollow. — M.J.B. 

534.  Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  hemitrichus.    Fr.     "Fringed 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  umbonate,  brown  (tan 
coloured),  margin  fringed  or  silky  with  dense  white  superficial 
fibrils ;  stem  hollow,  nearly  equal,  pallid,  brown,  floccoso-squamose 
from  the  white  veil,  and  annulate;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  clay 
coloured,  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  302.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
930. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Lea.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Stem  \\-2\\n.  long,  thick,  firm  ;  pileus  acute  or  obtuse,  1-3 in.  broad,  with 
the  margin  fringed,  or  altogether  covered  with  superficial  erect  white  fibrils, 
becoming  smooth,  colour  dark  brown,  tan  coloured  when  dry. 


AGAEICINI. 


189 


Sub-Gen.  6.     Hygrocybe.     Fr.  Epicr.  p.  303. 


Pileus  generally  thin,  gla- 
brous, hjgrophanous,  but  not 
viscid,  cuticle  rigid,  not  fibro- 
lacerate ;  stem  rigid,  subcar- 
tilaginous  without,  never  an- 
nulated  or  scaly. 

(Fig.  46.) 


Fig.  46. 


535.         Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  Azinen:!acus. 

Cortinarius." 


Fr.    '-  Peach 


Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  gibbons,  even,  smooth, 
tawny-cinnamon  (at  length  tan  coloured),  shining  ;  stem  stuffed, 
conical,  attenuated,  rigid,  soft  within,  as  well  as  the  sub-peronate 
veil  white  ;  gills  adnate,  crowded,  pallid,  then  tawny  cinnamon. — 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  304.  Schcsg.  t.  81.  Eng,  Fl.  v.  p.  88.  Ann.  N.H, 
no.  696. 

In  pine  woods.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  campanulate,  soon  convex,  expanded,  sometimes 
acutely  umbonate,  margin  thin,  patent,  moist,  not  viscid,  when  dry  tan,  in- 
clining to  light  red;  gills  distinct,  2-3  lines  broad,  vs^hen  young  watery-cin- 
namon ;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  2  lines-2  in.  thick,  rather  soft,  sometimes  violet 
above,  conic  or  sub-equal,  veil  rather  woven. — Fries. 


536.  Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  dilutus.     Fr. 

Cortinarius." 


"  Bolton's 


Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  sub-umbonate,  smooth, 
even,  opaque,  light  red  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  soft,  pallid, 
thickened  at  the  base,  veil  fibrillose ;  gills  emarginate,  aduexed, 
broad,  crowded,  pallid  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  305.  Bolt.  1. 10. 

In  woods.     Halifax. 

Not  found  since  the  time  of  Bolton.  Stem  2-3  in.  long,  2-4  lines  thick, 
whitish,  at  first  silky,  then  becoming  smooth.  Pileus  about  2  m.  broad; 
when  moist  of  a  brick-red,  tan-coloured  when  dry,  butvariabl  ^in  either  state 
opaque.    Gills  deeply  emarginate,  very  ventricose,  3-4  liu.  broad,  crowded. 


190  AGAKICINI. 

537.         Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  castaneus.    Fr.    "Chestnut 

Cortinarius." 

Pilens  somewhat  fleshy,  firm,  campanulate  or  convex,  then 
expanded  or  gibbous,  even,  chestnut  (shming)  ;  stem  cartila- 
ginous, stuffed,  then  hollow,  even,  violaceous,  or  pallid-rufescent ; 
veil  white,  fibrillose ;  gills  fixed,  ventricose,  rather  crowded, 
violet,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  307.  Bull.  t.  268.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.89. 

In  woods  and  gardens.     Common.     Esculent. 

[United  States.] 

Gregarious.  Pilcus  1  in.  or  more  broad,  sub-carnose,  at  first  obtuse,  with 
a  delicate  fibrillose  veil,  which  uiakes  the  margin  appear  silvery,  dark  bay 
or  dirty  violet,  sometimes  with  a  tawny  tint,  soon  exp;inded,  broadly  um- 
bonate  ;  umbo  more  or  less  obtuse;  gills  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus,  or 
purplish  umber,  at  length  sub-ferruginous,  ventricose,  adnate.  Stem  l.j  in. 
high,  2  lines  thicl\,  beautifully  fibrillose,  and  white  from  the  veil  beneath, 
much  paler  than  the  pileus,  but  with  more  or  less  of  the  same  tint,  some- 
times tinged  with  violet.  Odour  none  ;  taste  hke  Marasmius  orecules. — M.  J.B. 


538.  Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  Reedii.        Betk.     "Reed's 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  conical,  then  expanded  and  strongly  umhonate,  smooth, 
shining,  persistently  brow'n,  disc  areolate,  margin  ssplitting  ;  stem 
white,  solid,  fibrilloso-striate,  slightly  bulbous;  veil  fibrillose, 
evanescent;  gills  broad,  ventricose,  ascending,  attenuated  be- 
hind, free,  white  or  pallid,  then  cinnamon. — Berk.  Oatl.p.  194. 
Huss.ii.  t.  45. 

Amongst  moss  and  beech  mast.     May.     Hayes.  Surrey. 

Stem  1^-2  in.  high.    Flesh  palHd.    Tasteless  and  scentless. 

539.  Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  rigens.    Fr.     "  Eigid 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  conical,  soon  convex,  obtuse,  even, 
smooth,  opaque,  clay-coloured ;  stem  cartilaginous,  rigid,  root- 
ing, smooth,  naked,  white,  somewhat  attenuated  upwards  ;  gills 
adnate,  sub-decurrent,  broad,  distant,  clay-coloured,  then  dark 
cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  311.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  931. 

In  woods.     Mossburnford. 

Stem  clastic,  ricid,  and  tough,  pallid  when  moist,  white  when  dry,  2-4  in. 
long,  2-5  lin.  thick.  Veil  scarcely  manifest.  Pileus  1-2  in.  or  more  broad. 
Flesh  raiher  firm,  white. 


AGAEICINI.  191 

54:0.  Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  leucopus.    Fr.     "  "Wliite- 

stemmed  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  conical,  then  expanded,  at  length  iim- 
bonate,  even,  smooth,  light  red,  shining;  stem  stuffed,  then 
hollow,  equal,  white  ;  gills  sub-adnexed,  ventricose,  crowded, 
pallid,  then  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  311.  Bull.  t.  533,/.  2. 

In  woods. 

Stem  1-2  in.  long,  2-4  lin.  tHck,  soft,  white.  Pileus  scarcely  an  incli  broad, 
moist,  but  not  viscid,  liglit  red,  tan-coloured  when  dry.  Gills  adnexed, 
seceding,  crowded,  ventricose,  pallid,  then  cinnamon,  edge  quite  entire  and 
of  the  same  colour.  (Fig.  46,  reduced.) 

541.  Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  decipiens.    Fr.     "Deceptive 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  conical,  smooth,  shining,  bay- 
brown  (brick-red),  at  length  depressed  around  the  somewhat 
fleshy, prominent,  darker  umbo  ;  stemsub-fistulose, equal,  slender, 
covered  with  a  pallid,  separable  cuticle,  internally  rather  bright 
brown  ;  gills  adnate,  thin,  somewhat  crowded,  ferruginous  brown. 
Fr.JSp. p.  312.  Pers.  Si/n.p.2Sd.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.IL[1866), 
wo.  1129. 

In  woods.     Sept.     King's  Clifi'e.  [United  States.] 

Stem  2-4  in.  long  1-2  lines  thick,  straight  or  flexuose,  pale  rufous,  or 
spotted  with  brick-red.  Pileus  about  an  inch  broad,  smooth,  shining,  bay, 
umbo  darker,  margin  when  mature  finely  striate. 

542.  Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  acutus.    Fr.    "Acute 

Cortinarius." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  conical,  acutely  umbonate,  striate, 
light  reddish-brown  (at  length  tan-coloured  and  even)  ;  stem 
fistulose,  equal,  slender,  flexuose,  growing  pale,  veil  fugacious, 
white  ;  gills  adnate,  rather  crowded,  thin,  narrow,  quite  entire, 
ochraceous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  314.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  797. 

On  moist  spots  in  fir  woods.  [United  States.] 

Csespitose,  with  the  habit  of  a  Galera,  Stem  slender,  3  in  or  more  long, 
1-2  lines  thick.     Veil  adhering  to  the  margin,  fibrillose,  white. 

543.  Cortinarius  (Hygrocybe)  Junghuhnii.    Fr.     "  Jung- 

huhn's  Cortinarius." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  thin,  conical,  then  expanded,  papillate, 
clothed  with  innate,  white,  thin  fibrils,  persistently  rather  vel- 
vety, shining  cinnamon  ;   stem  stufi"ed,  equal,   sub-tiexuous,  pale 


192 


AGAEICINI. 


red -brown,  witli  shining,  closely-pressed,  brown  fibrils;  gills  ad- 
nate,  thin,  ventricose,  saffron  yellow,  then  red  brown. — Fr.  Ep. 
p.  314.  B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866)  no.  1130. 

In  woods.     Aug.     King's  Cliffe. 

Stem  2-3  in.  high,  2  lines  thick,  internally  darker,  base  whitish.  Veil 
obsolete.  Pileus  1  in.,  striate  to  the  middle  when  moist.  Gills  2  lines 
broad,  veined  at  the  base.     Spores  '0003  in.  long. 


Gen.  5. 


LEFISTA.    Smith.  Seem.  Journ.  1870. 


Spores  (as  well  as  the  whole  plant) 
dirty  white ;  pileus  with  an  involute 
margin  gradually  increasing  indefi- 
nitely ;  stem  continuous  with  the  horny 
hymenophore  ;  gills  fragile,  persistent, 
decurrent,  anastomosing  behind  or 
branching,  membranaceous,  entire,  with 
a  sharjD  edge,  supported  by  a  horny 
trama.  {F'ig.  47.) 

Hab.   All  the  species  are  terrestrial. 

The  character  of  the  spores,  the  presence  of 
a  trama,  and  the  habitat  of  the  section  of 
Lepista  of  Paxilhis,  as  established  by  Fries, 
appear  to  me  to  be  so  important  that  I  have 
given  it  a  generic  position. —  W.  G.  S. 


544. 


Lepista  nuda.     Bull.     "  Amethyst  Lepista." 


Pileus  fleshy,  rather  thin,  convex,  then  expanded  and  de- 
pressed, obtuse,  smooth,  moist, changing  colour  ;  margin  inflexed, 
thin,  naked  ;  stem  stuffed,  elastic,  equal,  rather  mealy  ;  gills 
rounded  behind,  or  slightly  decurrent,  crowded,  narrow,  violet, 
stained  when  old  with  reddish-brown. — Bull.  t.  439.  Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  48.  Kromhh.  t.  71, f.  27-29.  Price./.  35.  Paul.  t.  78,/.  3. 
Berk.  Outl.  t.  4,/.  7.    Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  20. 

In  plantations,  woods,  &c.,  especially  among  pines. 

[United  States.] 

Smaller  than  L.personata,  and  more  brightly  coloured.  Pileus  2  in.  broad, 
thin,  obtuse,  plane  or  sub-depressed,  at  first  amethyst-coloured,  but  chang- 
ing to  a  pinky  rufous,  margin  involute.  Gills  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus, 
rounded  behind,  sometimes  adnate-decurrent,  connected  and  traversed  by 
veins.  Stem  2  in.  high,  3-4  lines  thick,  stuffed,  sub-equal,  at  first  fibrillose, 
at  length  nearly  smooth,  more  or  less  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus.-  M.  J.B-, 
Spores  dirty  white,  '0002  X  '00013  in.  (Fig.  47,  reduced.) 


AGARICINI.  193 

545.  Lepista  cinerascens.    Bull.    "  Cinereous  Lepista." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  expanded,  obtuse,  smooth,  even ; 
margin  thin,  naked,  striate ;  stem  stuffed,  elastic,  sub-equal, 
smooth  ;  gills  rounded  behind,  crowded,  rather  undulated,  veined 
at  the  base,  easily  separating  from  the  pileus,  white,  then  reddish- 
grey,  at  length  yellowish. — Bull.t.  428,/.  2.  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  50. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  787. 

In  woods.     Aug. 

Csespitose.  Pileus  2-3  in.  across,  convex,  of  a  dirty  pale  ochre,  slightly 
streaked  with  watery  lines,  firm  but  not  brittle,  clothed  with  very  obscure 
matted  down,  flesh  thin,  white.  Stem  curved,  sHghtly  sti-eaked,  tinged  Hke 
the  pileus,  paler  above,  and  slightly  pulverulent,  solid,  stringy.  Gil's  moder- 
ately distant,  at  first  attenuated  behind,  at  length  rounded  and  easily  separ- 
ating, white,  or  very  slightly  ochraceous,  stained  like  the  pileus  when  old 
and  bruised,  very  slightly  anastomosing  behind.  Spores  certainly  not 
cinereous,  but  white.     Smell  rather  disagreeable,  pungent.— J/./.  J5. 

546.  Lepista  personata.     Fr.     "  Purple-stemmed  Lepista." 

Pileus  at  first  compact,  then  soft,  convex,  then  plane,  obtuse, 
even,  smooth,  moist ;  margin  at  first  involute,  villoso-pruinose ; 
stem  solid,  blunt,  somewhat  bulbous,  villous,  stained  with  lilac ; 
gills  rounded  behind,  then  free,  crowded,  broad,  dirty  white. — 
Fr.Epicr.  p.  48.  BerJc.  Outl.  t.  5,/.  1.  Smith.  E.M.  18.  Huss.ii. 
t.  40.  Fl.Dan.t.  1133.  CooJce,B.F.  t.4.,f.l.  Enrj.Fl.  y.  p.  19. 
Gard.  Chron.  (1861), 29.  696,/^.  Badh.i.t.  8,f.l,ii.t.l,f.2. 

In  pastures.     Common.     Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Gregarious,  frequently  in  large  rings.  Pileus  2-6  in.  broad,  fleshy,  firm, 
pale  bistre  or  purple  lilac,  occasionally  violet,  convex,  obtuse,  very  smooth 
and  shining  as  if  oiled,  but  not  viscid  ;  margin  involute,  pulverulento- 
tomentose  ;  gills  rounded,  free,  not  distant,  narrow  in  front,  paler  than  the 
pileus,  sometimes,  violet,  turning  to  a  dirty  flesh  colour,  especially  when 
bruised.  Stem  1-3  in.  high,  f  in.  thick,  firm,  bulbous,  solid,  mottled  within 
towards  the  apex  with  watery  spots,  clothed  more  or  less  with  villous  fibrils, 
tinged  with  violet.  Odour  rather  overpowering,  taste  pleasant. — M.J.B. 
Spores  -00024  X  -00016  in. 


The  three  British  species  included  in  this  new  genus  were  formerly  classed 
by  Fries  with  the  sub-genus  Trkholoma,  but  removed  by  him,  in  his  latest 
work,  to  Lejjista,  as  a  sub-genus  of  Paxillus.  We  have  followed  Mr.  W  G. 
Smith  in  bis  arrangement  recently  proposed  in  "  Seemanii's  Journal  of 
Botany,"  but  not  without  some  hesitation,  in  separating  Lepista  from 
Paxillus,  and  giving  it  a  generic  position. — M.  C  C 


194  AGAEICINI. 

Gen.  6.       FAXILLUS,  Fr.  Gen.  Hymen,  p.  8,  exparte. 


oo" 


Fig.  48. 


Spores  (as  well  as  tlie  whole  plant) 
ferruginous ;  pileus  with  an  involute 
margin,  and  gradually  increasing  inde- 
finitely ;  stem  continuous  with  the  hy- 
menophore  ;  gills  tough,  soft,  per- 
sistent, decurrent,  anastomosing  behind, 
or  branching,  membranaceous,  entire, 
with  a  sharp  edge,  separating  from  the 
horny  or  furrowed  hymenophore  ;  trama 
absent. 

Hab.  Some  on  the  ground,  others  on 
trunks  of  trees,  sawdust,  &c. 

{Fig.  48.) 


547.  Paxillus  involutus.    F?'.    "  Involute  Paxillus." 

Pileus  comjjact,  convexo-plane,  then  depressed,  moist,becoming 
smooth,  margin  involute  and  tomentose ;  stem  fleshy,  solid,  firm, 
naked,  thickened  upwards,  paler ;  gills  branched,  broad,  porous 
and  anastomosing  behind,  paler,  besmeared  and  spotted. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  317.  Batsch.  /.  61.  Sow.  t.  98.  Schccff.  t.72.  Bull.  t. 
240,  576,/.  2.  K7cmhh.t.71,f.  24-26.  Paw/.  ^.  61?  62,  63,/.  1. 
Bvxb.  iv.  t.  26.  Sdiaf  t.  71,  var.  Berk.  Outl.  t.l2,f.  5.  Ag.  in- 
vohtuf,E7ig.  FLy. p. 101.  Fl.  Boruss.  t.3n.   Vent.  t.A2,f.  6-7 . 

On  the  ground.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  3-5  in.  broad,  wavyj  tawny  or  yellow-ferruginous  when  moist,  slimy, 
uneven  ;  n-.argin  involute  and  downy,  the  extreme  edge  striate  from  the 
pressure  of  tlie  gills  ;  flesh  thick,  firm,  at  first  pale,  changingto  dirty  umter 
on  exposure  to  the  air,  as  dees  every  pait  of  tl;e  plant  when  bruised,  black 
when  dried  ;  gills  pale  yellow  ferruginous,  wavy  forked,  decurrent,  porifoim 
bebind,  easily  sefiarating  from  the  pdleus  ;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  f -1  in.  or  more 
thick,  blunt,  scmetin  es  attenuated  below,  tcmentcso-squamulcse,  firm, 
solid.— J/.  /.  B.     Spores  '00026  X  '0002  in.  (Fie/.  48,  reduced.) 

548.  Paxillus  atro-tcmentosus.    Fr.    "  Dark-dowDy  Paxillus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  then  depressed  or  infundibuli- 
form,  granulose,  rivulose ;  margin  thin,  involute  ;  stem  between 
spongiose  and  solid,  firm,  velvety  ;  gills  crowded,  straight, 
branched  behind. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  317.  Batsch. f.32.  Nees.f.  175. 
Paul.  ?.  33,/.  2-3.     Ann.  N.H.no.(}>'d7. 

On  pine  stumps.     Wilts. 


AGAEICINI. 


195 


Stem  solid,  elastic,  2-3  in.  long,  |-lin.  thick,  curved,  ascendin-^,  rooting', 
clad  with  a  dense,  velvety,  soft,  blackish  umber  down ;  pileus  compact,  ex- 
centric,  2-4  in.  or  more  broad,  dry,  ferruginous  ;  gills  adnate  or  decurrent, 
branched  at  the  base  and  somewhat  anastomosing,  yellowish. 


549. 


Faxillus  panuoides.    Fr.     "  Pale  Paxillus." 


Pileus  fleshy,  dimidiate,  concliate,  at  length  smooth,  dirty- 
yellow,  elongated  behind,  sessile  or  stipitate ;  gills  decurrent, 
crowded,  branched,  crisped,  yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  318.  Buxh. 
ii.  t.  49,/.  2.  ^ov\  t.  403.  Berh.  Out!,  t.  12,  f.  6.  Letell.  t.  665. 
Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  102. 

In  cellars,  on  sawdust,  &c.     Coed  Coch,  &c. 

Pileus  1-4  in.  broad,  white,  often  tinged  with  violet,  very  soft  to  the  touch 
in  consequence  of  the  fine-matted  silkj'  pubescence  with  which  it  is  clothed, 
either  perfectly  sessile,  or  furnished  with  a  spurious  stem  which  is  silky  like 
the  pileus  and  most  beautifully  tinged  with  violet ;  gills  variously  anastomo- 
sing and  wrinkled,  yellow  with  abundant  oval  ferruginous  spores. — M.J.B. 
Spores  -OL'OIS  X  •0U013  in. 

Gen.  7.  HYGROFHORXTS,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  320. 

Spores  white  ;  veil,  when  present, 
universal ;  stem  confluent  with  thehy- 
menophore  ;  gills  sharp-edged  ;  trama 
similar  in  substance  to  that  of  the  pi- 
leus. {Fig.  49.) 

Hab.  On  the  ground,  mostly  late  in 

the  autumn,  some  in  the  summer. 

Most  of  the  species  are  handsome  and  easily 
recognized.  From  Agaricus  this  genus  differs 
by  the  manifest  trama,  the  substance  of  which 
is  similar  to  that  of  the  pileus ;  from  Lactariui 
a.nd  Pi ('ssv.Ia  by  the  trama  not  being  vesicular, 
but  subflcccose,  and  intermixed  with  granules ; 
and  from  its  nearest  ally,  Cantkarellus,  by  the 
Fig.  49.  sharp-edged  gills.      In  Corfinarw.s,  Paxilliis, 

and  Gomjjhidius,  the  spores  are  coloured,  and  the  gills  lose  their  colour. 

This  genus  is  distinguished  by  the  hymenophore  being  changed  into  a 
waxy  mass,  and  at  length  detached  from  the  trama.  Many  species  are  sapid 
and  edible.— 17.6-'.^'. 


Sect.  1.     Limacium. 

650.  Hygrophorus    chrysodon.      Fr.      "Yellow  downy 

Hygrophorus." 

White;  pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  viscid,  margin  involute; 
stem  stuffed,  subequal,   squamulose  (yellowish^,  floccose  above ; 

K  2 


196  AGARICINl". 

gills  rather  thin,    distant,   at  length   crisped. — Fr.  Epicr.  320. 

Batsch.  f.  2  L2.  FL  Dan.  L  Ann.  N.H.  no.  258. 

In  woods.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Resembles  closely,  in  many  respects,  //.  ehurneus,  but  is  beautifully  dis- 
tinguished by  the  golden  yellow  pubescence,  which  is  sprinkled  here  and 
there  over  the  plant,  but  principally  on  the  stem  and  margin  of  the  pileus. 
Sometimes  the  gills  are  elegantly  edged  with  yellow  flocci.     Smell  strong. 

551.  Hygrophorus  eburenus.     Fr.     "  Ivory  Hygroj)horus." 

White ;    pileus  fleshy,   even,  smooth,   margin    entire  ;    stem 

stuffed,  then   hollow,  unequal,  punctate  above  with  glandular 

scales ;  gills  firm,  distant,  straight. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  321.  Bull.  t.  551, 

/  2.  Lenz.  f.  8.  Schceff.  t.  39.    Buxh.  iv.  t.  30,/.  2.    Berk.  Outl.  t. 

15,/.  1.  Ejig.Fl.Y. p.  13.  Price, f.ld.    Kro??ibh.t.61,f.ll-14:. 

In  woods.     Oct.     Nov.     Esculent.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  shining  when  dry  ;  stem  at  length  hollow,  very 
various  in  stature,  flesuous  in  elongated  specimens. — Fries.  Spores  "00017  X 
.00022  in. 

552.  Kygrophozus  cossus.     Fr.     "  Goat-moth  Hygrophorus." 

White ;  pileus  fleshy,  even,  smooth,  viscid,  inclining  to  yel- 
lowish, margin  naked  ;  stem  stuffed,  subequal,  furfuraceous 
above;  gills  thin,  distant,  straight. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  321.  Sow.  t. 
121.  E7ig.  Fl.Y.p.lS.  Mag.Zool.  4'Bot.no.4,0.  Berk,  exs.no. 2. 

In  woods.     0>3t.      Strong  scented. 

Pileus  1^  in.  broad,  pure  white,  slimy,  shining  when  dry,  stained  here 
and  there  with  yellowish,  the  disc  sometimes  sub-ocbraceous.  Gills  broad, 
thick,  distant,  adnato-decurrent,  connected  by  veins,  and  themselves 
slightly  veined.  Spores  white,  elliptic.  Stem  2^  in  high,  1-3  lines  thick, 
nearly  equal,  here  and  there  yellow  when  bruised.  Smell  like  that  of  the 
larva  of  the  goat-moth. — M.  J.  B. 

553.  Hygrophoius  cerasinus.     B.     "  Waxy  Hygrophorus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  broadly  umbonate,  pale  umber,  then 
grey,  viscid,  margin  minutely  tomcntose ;  stem  white,  solid,  at- 
tenuated below,  punctato-squamulose  above  ;  gills  broad,  decur- 
rent,  white,  tinged  with  pink,  sometimes  forked,  very  distant. — 
Berk.  Outl. p.  197.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  12. 

In  fir  plantations.     Oct.     Rare.     Winkbourn,  Notts. 

Subgregarious,  sometimes  three  from  the  same  root.  Pileus  IJ  to  2J  in. 
broad,  pale  umber,  or  ochraceous-bistre,  inclining  to  grey  when  eld,  fleshy, 
convex,  broadly  umbonate,  often  more  or  less  wavy,  at  length  son.etiraes 
somewhat   depressed,    viscid,    shining    when   dry  j    margin   clothed  with 


AGAEICINl.  197 

minute  white  down,  divided  into  little  linear  heaps  by  the  pressure  of 
the  gills  in  the  early  stage  of  growth  j  gills  broad,  decurrent,  white,  with  a 
slight  tinge  of  ochre  or  flesh  colour,  thick,  very  distant,  some  of  them  forked. 
Stem  1-2  in.  high,  2-6  lines  thick,  white,  solid,  generally  attenuated  below, 
punctato-squamulose  above.  Odour  pleasant,  Like  cherry  laurel  leaves.— 
M.  J.  B. 

554.  Hygrophorus  aromaticus.     B.     "Aromatic  Hygro- 

phorus." 

Very  tender ;  pileus  flesliv,  smooth,  cinnamon,  glutinous ; 
stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  reticulated ;  gills  pinkish,  decurrent 
when  young. — Berk.  Outl.p.  198.  Sow.  t.  1-4-i.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  14. 

Smell  agreeable,  spicy.  Not  found  since  the  time  of 
Sowerby. 

Pileus  2-3^  in.  broad,  fleshy,  generally  covered  with  a  thick  glutinous  skin, 
which  becomes  corrugated  in  drying,  cinnamon,  blackish,  like  the  rest  of 
the  plant  when  bruised  ;  gills  pinkish.  Stem  ii-3  in.  long,  3-5  lines  thick, 
hollow,  and  pithy.  Whole  plant  when  fresh  so  tender  that  it  is  difficult  to 
gather.  Odour  agreeable,  spicy.  Taste  watery,  with  a  peppermint-like 
coolness  in  the  mouth,  and  a  lasting  roughness  in  the  throat.  —  >Sb(';. 

555.  HygropLorus  xnesotephrus.     B.  J^' Br.     "Brown-disc 

Hygrophorus," 

Pileus  convex,  subhemispherical,  hygrophanous,  white,  with 
a  brown  disc,  striate,  viscid,  as  well  as  the  slender  stuffed  stem, 
which  is  floccoso-granulated  above  ;  gills  decurrent,  pure  white. 
— Ann.  N.H.  ser.  ii.  xiii.  1. 16, f.  2.  Be?'l\  Outl.p.  198. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Bowood. 

Pileus  about  1  in.  across,  convex,  subhemispherical,  white,  with  the  disc 
brown,  viscid,  striate,  the  extreme  margin  often  remaining  quite  even;  flesh 
white,  hygrophanous  ;  stem  about  2  in.  high,  2  lines  thick,  flexuous,  attenu- 
ated at  the  base,  white,  viscid,  floccoso-granulated  at  the  apex,  stuS"ed  with 
a  fibrillose  pith.  Gills  pure  white,  moderately  broad,  rather  distant,  ventri- 
cose,  shortly  decurrent.  Spores  "00035  in.  long.  In  age  the  lower  part  of 
the  stem  slightly  stained. — B.  d-  Br. 

556.  Hygrophorus  arbustivus.     Fr.     "  Wood  Hygrophorus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  viscid,  innato-virgate, 
becoming  tawny ;  stem  solid,  naked,  equal,  elastic,  incurved, 
smooth,  white,  mealy  above :  gills  adnate,  distant,  thick,  firm, 
vihite.—Fr.  Eincr.p.3'2S.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1865),  wo.  932, 
1013. 

In  woods,  under  birch,  &c.     Dec.      "Wiltshire. 

Pileus  2  in.,  brick-red  or  red-brown,  margin  paler.  Stem  I5  in.  and  up- 
■wards.    Gills  scarcely  decurrent.     Odour  and  taste  not  unpleasant. 


198  AGARICINI. 

557.  Hygrophoius  hypothejus.    Fr.    *'  Pine- wood  Hygro- 

phorus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  clothed  with  thin  olive  evanescent  gluten,  some- 
what virgatc  ;  stem  stuffed,  equal,  somewhat  spotted,  viscid ;  gills 
distant,  yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  324.  Krombh.t.  72,  f.  24-25. 
Sow.  t.  8.  A.  ^'  S.  t.  10,  /.  3.  Buxh.  iv.  t.  2.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  14. 

In  pine  woods,  on  sandy  soil. 

Pileus  1-4  in.  broad,  flesliy,  at  first  conic,  obtuse,  at  length  expanded,  and 
depressed  round  the  umbo  or  even  infundibuliform,  covered  with  a  thick 
dark  gluten,  yellow  towards  the  margin  and  beneath  the  gluten,  the  ex- 
treme margin  turned  in.  Flesh  yellow,  deeper  towards  the  margin.  Gills 
adnato-decurrent,  yellow,  sometimes  varying  to  a  flesh-coloured  tint,  dis- 
tinct, distant.  Stem  1^-3  in.  high,  2-9  lines  thick,  flexuous,  stufl'ed  above, 
fibrillose  below,  slimy,  submaculate,  yellow.  Odour  fungoid,  rather  dis- 
agreeable.-3/./,  ^.    Spores -00049  X  -00017  in. 

558.  Hygrophorus  olivaceo-albus.    Fr,    "Olive  Hygro- 

phorus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  even,  clothed  with  evanescent  olivaceous  gluten, 
umbo  brown  ;  stem  solid,  equal,  at  first  with  a  floccose  ring, 
spotted  with  dark  scales,  viscid,  even  above  ;  gills  white. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  824:.  Schwff.t.SU.  Eng. Fl. Y.p. Id. 

In  woods  and  woodland  pastures. 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  at  first  conic,  then  expanded,  and  broadly  umbonate, 
livid  olive  brown,  varied  with  tints  of  yellow  and  umber,  very  viscid;  flesh 
thin  on  th<^  margin,  which  is  turned  in,  minutely  downy,  sometimes  slightly 
grooved  or  striate.  Gills  adnate,  scarcely  decurrent,  white,  in  decay  green- 
ish yellow,  sometimes  ventricose,  veiny.  Spores  white,  elliptic  with  a  dis- 
tinct border.  Stem  l\-2h  in.  high,  \-\  in.  thick,  generally  curved,  fibrous 
within,  above  granulato-fibrillose,  pitted,  covered  with  milky  drops.  Ring 
in  general  indistinct ;  sometimes  the  margin  of  the  viscid  veil  which  clothes 
the  rest  of  the  stem,  marking  it  with  irregular  dark  blotches,  is  visible; 
base  of  stem  yellow.— J/.  /.  B.    Spores  -00018  X  -00027  in . 

Sect.  2.     Camarophyllus. 

559.  Hygirophorus  leporinus.     Fr.     "  Hare-coloured   Hygro- 

phorus." 

Pileus  equally  fleshy,  convex,  gibbous,  equal,  fibrilloso-floc- 
cose,  opaque ;  stem  stuffed,  short,  firm,  attenuated,  fibrillose, 
pallid;  gills  decurrent,  reddish-grey. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  326.  Batt. 
Bt.d.  Schceff.t.SlS.  Ann.  N.  IT.  no.  7  00. 

On  downs.     Sept.     Durdham  Downs.     Kent. 

Stem  rigid,  2  in.  long.  Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  cuticle  splitting  into  flocci, 
colour  tawny,  reddish  yellow,  &c.  The  spores  have  a  pale  umber  tint,  nearly 
globose,  and  about  "0002  in.  diameter. 


AGAEICINI.  199 

560.         Hygrophorus  piratensis .    Fr,     "  Pasture  Hygrophorus." 

Pileiis  convexo-plane,  then  tarbinate,  smooth,  moist,  disc  com- 
pact, gibbous,  margin  thin  ;  stem  stuffed,  even,  attenuated  down- 
wards ;  gills  deeplydecurrent,  arcuate,  distant,  thick. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.^'21.  Fl.Dan.t.mbJ.l.  Grev.t.^.  Krombh.t.  4tS,f.  7 -10. 
Bull.  t.  587,/.  1.  Sow.  1. 141.  Bolt.  t.  56.  Huss.  ii.  t.  40.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  39.   Gard.  Chron.  (1861),;?.  289.  Berk.  exs.  no.  123. 

On  downs  and  short  pastures.     Aug. — Nov.     Esculent. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  at  length  spreading  towards  the  margin,  but  leaving 
the  centre  more  or  less  convex,  as  if  umbonate,  glabrous,  margin  often 
cracked,  frequently  contracted  or  lobed,  buffish-reddish,  or  brownish  ;  flesh^ 
whitish,  thick  in  the  centre,  thin  at  the  margin  ;  gills  thick,  distant,  decur- 
rent,  connected  by  veins,  separable  from  the  flesh  of  the  pileus.  Stem  1-2 
in.  high,  3-8  lines  thick,  whitish,  attenuated  towards  the  base.— (^/-er.  Spores 
•00023  X  -00015  in. 

961.  Hygrophorus  virgineus.     Fr.     "  Satin-white  Hygro- 

phorus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  moist,  at  length  areolato- 
rimose ;  stem  stuffod,  firm,  short,  attenuated  at  the  base  ;  gills 
decurrent,  distant,  rather  thickened. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  327.  Grev. 
t,  166.  Jacq.  Misc.  ii.  1. 16,  f.  1.  Sow.  t.  32.  Bull.  t.  188.  Bait.  t. 
19, H.  Price.f.U.  B at sch. f.  200. var.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.2,9.  Kromhh. 
^  25,/.  1-3.  Smith,  E.II.f.  23. 

On  downs  and  short  pastures.     Common.     Esculent. 

Pileus  1  in.  or  more  broad,  slightly  viscid  when  raoist,  and  shining  as  if 
oiled,  with  a  satiny  lustre  when  dry,  white,  sometimes  with  a  tinge  of  yellow 
or  pink,  various  in  shape,  sometimes  umbonate,  often  quite  plane  or  de- 
pressed, frequently  obconic,  margin  more  or  less  thin  and  transparent.  Gills 
broad,  distant,  with  very  prominent  connecting  veins,  adnato-decurrent, 
sometimes  forked  above.  Stem  2  in.  long,  1-2  lines  thick,  under  a  lens 
fibrillose,  sometimes  pulverulento-squamulose  at  the  apes,  stuffed,  the  centre 
fibrous,  at  length  more  or  less  hollow,  white,  with  sometimes  a  tinge  of  pink 
at  the  base.     Taste  like  2Iaras/nius  oreades. — M.J.B. 

562.         Hygrophorus  niveus.     Fr.     *' Snow-white  Hygrophorus." 

Tough.  Pileus  submembranaceous,  campanulato-convex,  then 
umbilicate,  smooth,  moist,  striate,  viscid ;  stem  fistulose,  thin, 
equal ;  gills  decurrent,  thin,  arcuate,  distant. — Fr.  Epicr.  p,  327. 
Schceff.  t.  232.  Krombh.  t.  25,/  1-3. 

In  mossy  pastures.     Common. 

Stem  equal,  2  in.  long,  1-2  lines  thick,  even,  smooth,  straight.  Pileus 
scarcely  an  inch  broad,  striate  and  viscid  when  moist,  not  rimose  when  dry. 
Flesh  of  the  pileus  thin,  everywhere  equal,  white,  hygrophanous.  Gills  dis- 
tant, thin,  scarcely  connected  by  veins,  arcuate,  quite  entire. 


200  AGAEICINI. 

5S3.        Hygrophorus  russo-coriaceus.     B.^^Mlll.     "  Russian- 
leather  Hygropliorus." 

Sweet  scented.  Pileus  very  white,  sliglitly  viscid,  convex, 
fleshy ;  stem  slender,  smooth,  soUd  ;  gills  broad,  thick,  arched, 
decLirrent,  very  few,  and  distant. — Berk.  Outl.j).  200.  Anii.N.H. 
no.  332. 

In  exposed  pastures.     Bare. 

Pileus  about  \  in.  broad,  convex,  fleshy,  slightly  viscid,  ivory  white.  Stem 
f-1  iu.  high,  not  a  line  thick,  incrassated  upwards,  smooth,  solid,  pure  white; 
gills  thick,  broad  arched,  decurrent,  very  few  and  distant,  with  a  few  shorter 
ones  intermixed.  The  whole  plant  exhales  a  strong  musky  smell  like  that  of 
Russian  leather. — M.  J.  B. 

564.  Hygrophorus  distans.     Berh.       "  Distant-gilled 

Hygrophorus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  plane  or  depressed,  viscid,  white,  with 
a  silky  lustre,  here  and  there  stained  with  brown ;  stem  white 
above,  cinereous  below,  and  attenuated,  not  spotted ;  gills  few, 
very  distant,  subventricose,  decurrent,  pure  white  at  first,  then 
tinged  with  cinereous,  interstices  obscurely  rugose. — Berk.  Outl. 
p.  200,  t.  13,/.  1.  Price./.  5.  H.  clivalis,  Fr.  Man.  Hym.  ii.  j:>. 
134. 

In  woods.     Eare. 

About  2  in.  across,  often  umbilicate,  remarkable  for  the  few  and  distant 
gills. 

665.  Hygrophorus  ovinus.     Fr.     "  Sheep  Hygrophorus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  couico-convex,  then  expanded,  gibbous, 
viscid,  then  squamulose,  brown  ;  stem  slightly  stufl'ed,  smooth, 
somewhat  shining,  thickened  at  either  end ;  gills  arcuato-decur- 
rent,  connected  by  veins,  white,  then  dingy,  edge  thin. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  328.  Bull.  t.  580.  Huss.  ii.  t.  50.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  262.  A.  com- 
pressus.    Sow.  t.  66.  ? 

In  pastures. 

Stem  about  2  in.  long,  3  lin.  thick,  sub-equal,  or  sHghtly  thickened  at 
either  end,  curved  or  twisted,  compressed,  smooth,  pallid,  or  blackish-brown  ; 
pileus  2  in.  broad,  at  length  revolute,  undulate.     Gills  3  lin.  broad. 

566.  Hygrophorus  Colemannianus.     Blox.     "  Coleman's 

Hygrophorus." 

Pileus  sub-carnose,  umbonate,  umber,  turning  pale  except  in 
the  centre,  even,  striate  when  moist,  and  slightly  viscid.  8tem 
nearly,  equal,  somewhat  silky,  whitish;   gills  rather  broad,  of  the 


AGAEICINI.  201 

same  colour  as  fhe  pileiis,  distant,  deeply  deciirrent,  interstices 

venoso-rugose. — Berk.  Outl. p.  200.    Ann.  N.H.no.l 01.  Batsch. 

f.  215  ? 

In  grassy  pastures.     Twycross. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  at  first  sub-campanalate,  atlength  expanded,  strongly 
umbonate,  reddisb  timber,  paler  when  dry,  except  in  the  centre,  when  moist 
striate,  and  very  obscurely  viscid.  Stem  i  in.  or  more  high,  1-2  lines  thick, 
brittle,  fibrous,  nearly  equal,  white,  very  slightly  tinged  with  umber,  some- 
what silky;  gills  umber,  but  paler  than  the  pileus,  strongly  decurrent.  broad, 
distant,  interstices  strongly  veined  and  rugose.— Spores  •00025  X  '0003  in. 
long,  obovate. 

Sect.  3.     Hygrocyhe. 

567.  Hygrophorus  laetus.     Fr.     "  Shining  Hygrophorus." 

Pileus  tMn,  convexo-plane,  nearly  even,  viscid,  some^vliat 
shining,  tawny;  stem  tough,  equal,  tawny  ;  gills  sub- decurrent, 
thin,  distant,  paler. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  330.   Ann.  N.H.  no.  702. 

On  open  pastures. 

Stem  hollow,  2-3  in.  long,  slender,  2  lin.  thick,  equal,  tough,  even,  quite 
smooth.  Pileus  about  an  inch  broad,  slightly  fleshy,  margin  membranaceous, 
obtuse,  even,  or  slightly  striate  at  the  margin.  Spores  "0003  in.  long,  nearly 
globose. 

568.  Hygrophorus  ceraceus.     Fr.     "  Wax-like  Hygrophorus." 

Brittle.  Pileus  thin,  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  slightly  striate, 
viscid,  waxy,  as  well  as  the  fistulose,  unequal,  shining  stem  ; 
gills  adnate,  sub-decurrent,  distant,  yellow. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  330. 
Jacq.CoU.n.t.lD,f.2.    Sow.  t.  20.     Eng.  Fl.Y.p.4.0. 

In  pastures.     Common.        [Cincinnati,  United  States.] 

Pileus  1  in.  broad,  convexo-plane,  occasionally  sub-umbonate,  viscid,  sub- 
carnose,  margin  sub-striate  ;  gills  very  broad  {%  of  an  inch),  ventricose,  con- 
nected by  veins.  Stem  2-3^  in.  long,  2  lines  or  more  thick,  flexuous,  equal, 
or  slightly  unequal,  sometimes  compressed,  yellow,  occasionally  orange  at 
the  base.— J/.  /•  B. '  Spores  -00026  X  '00018  in. 

569.  Hygrophorus  coccineus.     Fr.     •' Carmine  Hygrophorus." 

Fragile.  Pileus  thin,  convex,  obtuse,  viscid,  scarlet,  growing 
pale,  smooth  ;  stem  hollow,  compressed,  yellowish  ;  gills  adnate, 
with  a  decurrent  tooth,  connected  by  veins,  variously  shaded. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  330.  Schceff.  t.  302.  Bull.  t.  570./.  2,  S.  T.X.  Huss. 
i.i.61.  Fl.Dan.t.7,D.  Soiv.t.  381  (partly).  Batt.t.ld,B.  Eng. 
Ft.  v.  p.  40.    Price,/.  57.    Vent.  t.  52,/.  1-5. 

In  open  pastures.     Sept.     Oct.     Common. 

E  5 


202  AGARICINl. 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  at  first  obtuse,  conico-campanulate,  at  lengtb  in- 
verted, sometimes  strongly  umbonate,  splitting  from  the  centre,  yellow, 
oransre  or  scarlet,  viscid  when  moist,  when  dry  pallid,  appearing  to  the  eye 
fibrillose,  but  not  really  so,  margin  thin,  more  or  less  wavy.  Gills  broad, 
ventricose,  n-rinkled,  thick,  connected  by  veins,  retaining  their  colour  longer 
than  the  pileus,  adnate,  with  a  decurrent  tooth  in  depressed  specimens.  Stem 
1-^-  in.  lowy.  \  in.  thick,  more  or  less  hollow,  sub-flesuous,  smooth,  though 
apparently  sub-fibrillose,  tough,  but  easily  splitting. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  '00016 
X  -00027  in. 

570.  Hygrophorus  miniatus.     Fr.    "  Vermilion  Hygrophorus." 

Fragile.  Pileus  thin,  convex,  thin,  umbilicate,  vermilion,  soon 
dry,  changing  colour,  opaque,  and  squamulose ;  stem  somewhat 
stuffed,  equal,  polished,  scarlet ;  gills  adnate,  distant,  yellow,  or 
yellowish  vermilion.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  330.  Fl  Dan.  t.  1009,/.  2. 
Kromhh.  1. 1,/.  29.  Bull.  t.  670,  Jig.  2  {smaller  figs).  Eng.  Fl.  v, 
p.41. 

In  moist  places,  on  heaths,  &c.     July.     Aug.     Common. 

Pileus  |-1  in.  broad,  obtuse,  even,  moist  but  not  viscid,  turning  pale;  gills 
not  decurrent  nor  connected  by  veins,  distant,  broad,  plane,  yellow,  with  a 
tinge  of  scarlet,  or  dull  yellow;  stem  2  in.  high,  1  line  thick,  brittle,  even, 
shining,  at  length  hollow  at  the  apex. —i^ries.     Spores  "00023  X  '00034  in. 

571.  Hygrophorus  puniceus.     Fr.     "  Blood-red  Hygrophorus." 

Fragile ;  pileus  fleshy,  thin,  campanulate,  obtuse,  repand, 
even,  viscid,  blood-scarlet,  then  becoming  pale  ;  stem  hollow, 
thick,  ventricose,  striate,  white  at  the  base  ;  gills  adnexed,  thick, 
distant,  yellow.— i^r.  Epicr.  p.  331.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  883,/.  1.  Bull, 
t.  202.  Bolt.  t.  67,  /.  2.  Paul.  1. 120,/  1,  2,  6.  Tourn.  t.  327,/. 
A.  B.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  40. 

In  meadows.     July — Aug. 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  at  first  campanulate,  then  plano-convex,  broadly 
and  obtusely  umbonate,  even,  undulated  and  lobed,  irregular,  when  moist 
subviscid,  blood-coloured,  when  dry  the  centre  becoming  pale  ;  gills  ventri- 
cose, 2-4  lines  broad,  at  length  connected  by  veins,  altogether  adnate,  but, 
because  of  the  form  of  the  pileus,  appearing  free,  yellow,  varying  to  whitish- 
yellow,  and  purplish  at  the  base  ;  stem  3  in.  long,  |-1  in.  thick,  attenuated 
at  both  ends,  dry,  striate,  often  squamulose  at  the  apex,  stufiied  when  young, 
then  hollow,  yellowish,  or  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus.— i^j-ie^. 

572.  Hygrophorus  obrusseus.     Fr.     '-Golden  Yellow  Hygro- 

phorus." 

Fragile,  bright  golden  yellow;  pileus  fleshy,  thin,  conico-convex, 
obtuse,  flexuose,  rather  dry;  stem  hollow,  sub-compressed,  smooth, 
even  ;  gills  adnate,  ventricose,  thick,  distant. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  331. 
Batt.  t.  19,  D.  Bolt.  t.  68.  Ann.N.H.no.  798. 

In  woods.     Oct.     Rare.     Mossbumford. 


AGAEICINI.  203 

Eemarkable  for  its  bright  gold-coloured  pileus,  and  adnate  ventricose  gills. 
~B.  d'  Br. 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  flexuous,  sub-lobate;  stem  tbicfe,  ascending,  com- 
pressed, 3  in.  long,  2  in.  thick,  or  broader  when  compressed,  sulphur-coloured, 
tawny  at  the  base. 

573.  Kygrophorus  conicus.     Fr,     "  Conical  Hygrophorus." 

Fragile;  pileus  snbmembranaceous,  conical,  acute,  smooth, 
somewhat  lobed,  at  length  expanded,  and  rimose ;  stem  hollow, 
cylindrical,  fibroso-striate;  gills  attenuated,  free,  ventricose, 
thin,  rather  crowded. — Fr.Epicr.  p.  331.  Schceff.  t.  2.  Sow.  t. 
S81.  Batsch.  f.  28.  Bull.  t.  60,  624,  f.  S.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  4.0. 
Smith.  P.M.f.  2. 

In  pastures.     Common.  [Low.  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  1-2  inches  high,  acutely  conic,  variously  waved  and  lobed,  fibrillose, 
viscid  when  moist  or  young,  juicy,  turning  black,  as  does  the  whole  plant 
when  broken  or  bruised,  orange,  yellow,  scarlet,  brown,  dusky,  &c.,  various 
colours  often  blended  together;  gills  thick,  fleshy,  ventricose,  attenuated  be- 
hind, free  or  adnesed.  yellowish  with  frequently  a  cinereous  tinge  ;  stem  3-4 
in.  long.  2-4  lines  thick,  often  splitting,  fibrilloso-striate,  coloured  like  the 
pileus.- J/.  J.B.    Spores  -OOOi  X  -00025  in.  (Fig.  49.; 

574.  Hygrophorus  chlorophanus.      Fr.      "  Sulphury  Hygro- 

phorus." 

Fragile  ;  pileus  submembranaceous,  convex,  obtuse,  somewhat 
lobed,  striate;  stem  hollow,  equal,  even,  viscid ;  gills  adnexed, 
ventricose,  thin,  rather  distant,  becoming  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
332.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  933.  Kromhli.  t.  3,/.  6,  7. 

Amongst  grass  and  moss.     King's  Cliffe. 

Stem  hollow,  equal,  rarely  compressed,  2-3  in.  long,  2-3  lin.  thick,  smooth, 
viscid  when  moist,  shining  when  dry,  yellow;  pileus  about  1  in.,  usually 
bright  sulphur-yellow,  sometimes  red,  viscid  ;  gills  emarginate,  adnexed, 
with  a  small  decurrent  tooth. 

575.  Hygrophorus  psittacinus.     Fr.     "  Parrot  Hygrophorus." 

Pileus  thin,  campanulate,  then  expanded,  umbonate,  somewhat 
striate,  clothed  with  green  evanescent  gluten,  as  well  as  the  hol- 
low, tough,  even  stem  ;  gills  adnate,  ventricose,  thick,  distant, 
gvQQmsh.—Fr.  Epicr. p.  332.  Schcsff.  t.dOl.  Grev.  t.  74.  Bull, 
t.  545,/.  1.  Batt.  t.  21,  E.  Sow.  t.  82.  Huss  i.  t.  41.  Eng.Fl.  v. 
p.  39.   Gard.  Chron.  I860,;;.  240.    Vent.  t.  42,/.  1-3. 

In  fields,  &c.     Common  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  1  in.  broad,  conical,  at  length  spreading,  sometimes  concave  from 
the  margin  turning  up,  smooth,  glutinous,  green  at  first,  partly  changing  to 
yeQow  of  various  intensity,  often   cracking ;  gills  slightly  adnate,  bright 


204  AGARICINI. 

yellow,  often  shaded  witli  green,  sub-distant,  thick,  broad  in  the  centre  j 
stem  2-3  in.  high,  about  2  lines  thick,  hollow,  splitting,  green,  yellow  at  the 
base,  very  slimy.  -  Orev.     Spores  '0002  X  -00028  in. 

576.  Hygrophoxus  calyptraeformis.     B.  ^^  Br,     "  Hood-like 

Hygrophorus." 

Pfleus  thin,  acutely  conical,  lobed  below,  minutely  innato- 

fibrillose  ;    stem  white,  smooth,  slightly  striate,  hollow  ;  gills 

rose-coloured,  at  length  pallid,  very  narrow,  acutely  attenuated 

behind. — Berk.  Outl  p.  202.    Mag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.  no.  63.    Trans. 

Woolh.  C/.  1861,f.  21,/.  4-6. 

On  the  borders  of  woods  and  open  pastures.     Oct. 

Pileus  acutely  conic,  lobed  below,  about  1  in.  high,  fin.  broad  at  the  base, 
in  unexpanded  specimens  moist,  striate  under  a  lens,  with  innate,  but 
raised  fibi  illse,  rose-coloured,  gradually  turning  pallid  ;  flesh  rather  thin  ; 
gills  rose-coloured,  at  length  pallid  like  the  pileus,  very  narrow,  and  often 
almost  evanescent  behind,  though  properly  adnate,  distinct ;  stem  1  in.  or 
more  high,  pure  white,  except  within  the  pileus,  where  i'  has  a  slight  roseate 
tinge,  brittle,  often  splitting  longitudinally,  remarkably  smooth,  slightly 
striate,  hollow,  the  walls  fibrous  within  ;  the  young  pileus  has  a  great  resem- 
blance to  the  internal  bractoea  of  an  artichoke  j  ust  before  expansion. — AI.  J.  B. 
Spores  -0001  X  "00015  in. 

577.  Hygrophorus  unguinosus.     Fr.     "  Dingy  Hygrophorus." 

Fragile.  Pileus  thin,  campanulate,  then  convex,  obtuse,  even, 
clothed  with  dingy  gluten,  as  well  as  the  hollow,  unequal,  sub- 
compressed  stem ;  gills  adnate,  ventricose,  plane,  thick,  white, 
becoming  glaucous. — Fr.  Ej^icr.  p.  332.  Mag.  Zool.  ^'  Bot.  no. 
62. 

In  woods  and  pastures.     Oct. 

Stem  hollow,  2  in.  long,  3  lin.  thick,  commonly  attenuated  towards  either 
end  ;  pileus  smooth  or  at  length  cracked,  about  2  in.  broad  ;  gills  thick,  dis- 
tant, connected  by  veins,  broad.     Inodorous. 

578.  Hygrophorus  murinaceus.    Fr,    "  Mouse-coloured  Hygro- 

phorus." 

Fragile,  strong  scented.  Pileus  thin,  campanulate,  then  ex- 
panded, irregular,  viscid,  soon  dry,  rimuloso-squamulose  ;  stem 
nearly  hollow,  unequal,  sub-compressed,  even;  gills  adnate,  sece- 
ding, broad,  distant,  somewhat  waved,  white,  then  glaucous. — 
Fr.Epicr.p.^^^.  Bull.  t.  620.  Sow.  1. 106.  KromOh.t.  72.  Batt. 
t.  19,/.  A. 

In  pastures. 

Stem  twisted,  equal  but  compressed,  fragile,  2-3  in.  long,  3-5  lin.  thick, 
polished,  whitish  ;  pileus  2  in.  broad,  at  first  rather  viscid,  then  squamulose, 
growing  pale  j  gills  broadly  emarginate,  very  broad,  connected  by  veins. 


AGAEICIXI. 


205 


Gen.  8. 


GOPflFHZDIUS,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  319. 


Fig.  50. 


Spores  large,  greenish-grey, 
becoming  black,  fusiform  (often 
spuriously  imiseptate, according 
to  Fries)  ;  yeil  universal,  glut- 
inous, terminated  on  the  stem 
by  a  floccose  anniilus ;  pileus 
continuous  with  the  stem,  fleshy, 
convex,  at  length  top-shaped  ; 
stem  with  a  floccose  annulus, 
confluent  with  the  hvmeno- 
phore  ;  gills  strongly  decurrent, 
somewhat  branched,  soft,  mu- 
cilaginous, often  spreading  in 
a  continuous  membrane. 

Hab.  Growing  on  the  ground,  chiefly  in  pine  woods,  solitary, 
sub-persistent.  {F'ig.  50.) 

Principally  distinguislaedby  the  mucilacfinons  nature  of  the  gills.  Xearly 
allied  to  Coi-tmarms,  but  at  once  distinguished  by  the  nature  and  colour  of 
the  spores,  and  from  all  the  dark  purple  and  black- spored  Agarics  by  the 
compact  pileus,  etc.    Properties  unknown  ;  none  edible. —  W.  G.  S. 

579.         Gosnphidius  glutinosus.     jpr.     '-'Glutinous  Gomphidius." 

Pileus  obtuse,  glutinous,  purplish-brown  ;  gills  whitish,  then 
cinereous,  shortly  adnexed ;  trama  none. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  319. 
Sow.  t.  7.  Fl.Dan.  t.  1247.  Schcpff.  ^.36.  LetelL  i.  647.  Erorahh. 
«.  4./.3,4,  f.G2,/.  15-20.  Eng.  Fl.x.p.  U4..   Corda.  Sturm,  t.bl. 

In  fir  woods. 

Pileus  2-5  in.  broad  ;  gills  truly  branched;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  or  more,  ^  in. 
thick,  dirty  white,  the  base  thickened  and  yellow,  sometimes  adorned  with 
black  scales.— i^'Wes.   Spores  "0006  X  -00025  in. 

var.  p.  roseus.  Smaller,  base  of  stem  and  pileus  rose-red. — 
Kromhh.  t.  63,  f.  13-17.    Saund  ^  Sm.  t.  8.    Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  124. 

Spores  larger  than  the  typical  form.  (Fig.  50,  reduced.) 


580. 


Goinphidius  viscidus.     Fr.     "Viscid  Gomphidius." 


Pileus  at  length  umbonate,  viscid,  brownish-red  ;  gills  purplish- 
umber,  truly  branched;  trama  similar  to  the  pileus. — Fr.  Epicr. 
^9.319.  Schcpff.  t.  55.  LetelL  t.  603.  Kronibh.  t.  A.  J.  5-7.  Pers.  Ic. 
^  Desc.  t.  13,/.  1-3.     Sow.  1. 105.    Ag.  rutilus,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  124. 


206 


AGARICINI. 


Under  Scotch  firs.     Aug. — Oct. 


[Low.  Carolina.] 


Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  top-shaped,  urabonate,  yellow  in  the  centre,  the 
margin  liver-coloured,  shining  ;  gills  decurrent,  somewhat  branched,  firm, 
elastic,  thick,  entire,  purple-brown,  the  shorter  connected  with  the  longer  ; 
spores  dark,  fusiform.  Stem  2-3  in.  high,  ^-|  in.  thick,  rhubarb-coloured 
without  and  within,  fibrillose,  attenuated  below,  firm,  solid,  slimy  from  the 
remains  of  the  veil,  which  form  an  obsolete  filamentous  ring. — M.  J.B.  Spores 
•00063  X  -00025  in. 

681.         Gomphidius  stillatus.     Stra^iss.     "  Slender  Gompliidius." 

Pilous  conico-hemispherical,  clothed  with  dingy  gluten,  at 
length  spotted  with  black;  gills  of  a  watery,  dingy  white,  forked; 
stem  slender,  sprinkled  with  minute  scales  above,  virgate  below. 
Sir.  Sturm,  t.2.  G.  gracilis,  Berk.  Outl.  1. 12,/.  7.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  698. 

In  fir  woods.     Llanberris.    Lea. 

Pileus  1  in.  across,  conico-subhemispherical,  of  a  pale  vinous  brown,  when 
dry  clothed  with  dirty  fuliginous  slime,  Avhich  dries,  especially  round  the 
margin,  into  black  spots,  or  forms  a  narrow,  irregular  black  border.  Stem 
2, in.  high,  1|^  line  thick,  flexuous,  pale,  especially  above,  where  it  is  sprinkled 
with  minute  white  scales,  virgate  below,  with  the  remains  of  the  slime,  yel- 
low at  the  base  ;  gills  arched,  decurrent,  forked,  thick,  obtuse,  clothed  under 
a  lens  with  short  tomentose  hairs,  of  a  washy  bistre.  Spores  oblong,  elliptic, 
•0009  in.  long,  '0003  in.  wide,  with  a  nucleus  at  either  end.  Distinguished 
from  every  other  species  by  its  slender  stem  and  delicate  habit. — M.J.  B. 


Gen.   9. 


LACTARIUS,  Fr.  Epicr.    p.  333. 


Spores  white  or  very  pale  yellow, 
generally  echinulate  ;  veil  none,  but 
in  some  species  the  margin  of  pileus 
is  bearded  or  pubescent ;  pileus  fleshy, 
of  a  floccose  or  vesiculose  (not  fibrous ) 
texture,  at  length  depressed  in  the 
middle,  margin  at  first  involute ;  stem 
fleshy, not  corticate, often  hollow  when 
old,  confluent  with  the  hymenophore; 
gills  milky,  in  nearly  all  the  species 
at  first  white,  often  changing  to  sul- 
phur colour,  red,  or  violet  on  exposure 
to  the  air,  subdecurrent,  unequal,  with 
an  acute  edge  ;  trama  sub  vesiculose. 

Hab.  All  grow  on  the  ground.  (Fig.  t)l.) 

The  species  are  easily  recognised  by  the  milky  gills.  The  genus  is  nearly 
allied  to  Rv.ssula,  but  easily  distinguished  by  its  milky  juice.  They  vary  greatly 
in  taste,  being  mild,  aromatic,  bitter,  or  acrid  and  burning.  Laciarius  there- 
fore includes  delicate  and  excessively  poisonous  species. 


Fig.  51. 


AGARicmi,  207 

A.  Piperites — milk  at  first  white,  acrid. 

Sect.  1.     Torminosi. 

582.  Lactarius  torzninosus.     Fr.     "Woolly  Lactarius." 

Pileiis  fleshy,  depressed,  subzonate,  pallid ;  stem  stuffed,  soon 
hollow,  equal  (rarely  spotted), pallid  ;  margin  involute,  bearded  ; 
gills  thin,  whitish,  milk  persistently  white,  acrid. — Fr.Epicr.'p. 
334.  SchcRff.  t.  12.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1068.  Fr.  Funrj.  Esc.  t.  38. 
ZrowiSA.f.  13, /:  15-23.  BulLt.b29,f.  2.  Smith. PJl.f.ll.  Sow. 
t.'iOS.    Eng.Fl.\.p.2L    Barla.t.  18,  f.  7-10.    Vent.  t.  80,/.  2. 

In  woods,  fields,  &c.     June — Oct.     Local.      [S.  Carolina.] 

Pilens  2-5  in.  broad,  smooth,  or  nearly  so,  except  the  involute  margin, 
which  is  most  copiously  shaggy,  depressed,  more  or  less  zoned,  of  a  beauti- 
ful ochre  or  strawberry  colour,  at  first  viscid,  milk  white,  very  acrid,  not 
changeable  ;  gills  rather  narrow,  nearly  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus,  but 
yellower  and  paler,  slightly  forked  ;  stem  l|-2  in.  long,  |  in.  thick,  some- 
t'mes  shining,  obtuse,  paler  than  the  pileus.  at  length  hollow,  clothed  with 
minute  adpressed  down.  Very  acrid. — M.J.B.  Spores  echinulate,  •00035 
X  -00025  in. 

583.  Lactarius  cilicioides.     Fr.     "  Ton) entose  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  depressed,  tomentose,  not  zoned,  turning 
pallid  ;  margin  fibrillose  or  woolly ;  stem  stuffed,  even,  pruinose, 
silky,  spotless,  pallid  ;  gil]s  crowded,  branched,  white,  then  yel- 
bwish,  as  well  as  the  milk. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  334.  Schoeff.  t.  228. 
{Kromhh.  t.  40,/.  17-19  ?)    Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  24. 

In  pine  woods.     Eare. 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  depressed,  margin  rounded,  involute,  reddish-buff, 
sometimes  glutinous,  very  downy,  becoming  fibrillose  at  the  margin  ;  gills 
yellowish,  irregular  and  often  branching,  apparently  decurrent  from  the  ex- 
pansion of  the  stripes  into  the  substance  of  the  pileus.  Flesh  yellowish 
white,  darker  towards  the  surface.  Stem  about  2  in.  high,  nearly  1  in.  thick, 
dingy  Avhite,  yellow  or  brown.  There  is  no  juice,  but  a  considerable  moisture 
on  the  surface  of  the  pileus,  which  seems  to  originate  from  the  plant. — Grev. 

584.  Lactarius  turpis.     Fr.     "  Dirty  Lactarius. " 

Pileus  compact,  plane,  olivaceous-umber,  zoneless ;  margin  at 
first  yello^vish-downy ;  stem  stuffed,  short,  viscid,  attenuated 
downwards,  olivaceous;  gills  thin,  pallid  ;  milk  white,  acrid. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  8^0.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1913.  Krombh.t.e9,f.l-6.  Ann. 
N.  H.  no.  703. 

In  fir  woods.    Coed  Coch.    East  Bergholt.    [Mid.  Carolina.] 


208  AGARICINI. 

Growing  to  a  large  size,  and  remarkable  for  its  yellow,  olive,  or  umber  hue. 
Stem  1^-3  in.  long',  -|-1  in.  and  more  thick,  viscid  or  dry,  not  spotted,  pale 
or  dark  olive,  apex  becoming  ocbraceous.  Pileus  fleshy,  rigid,  olive,  verging 
on  umber  ;  margin  at  first  involute  and  villous,  with  a  yellowish  olive  down, 
then  more  or  less  expanded,  at  length  closely  sulcate. 

585.  Lactazius  controversus.     Pers.      "  Stained  Lactarius." 

Pileus  compactj  rather  fragile,  umbilicate,  infundibuliform, 
floccose,  tlien  smooth,  viscid,  variegated  with  blood-red  spots; 
margin  at  first  involute,  villous ;  stem  solid,  blunt,  unequal  ; 
gills  thin,  much  crowded,  simple,  flesh-coloured  ;  milk  white, 
acrid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  335.  Vitt.  Mang.  t.  27.  Fr.  Fung.  Esc.  t.  39. 
Trans.  Woolhope  Club,  186S, p.  24c6,  plate.  Bull.  t.  638.  Batsch. 
/.  201.  PauLt.6S,f.l.   Vent.  t.  61.  Barla.t.lS,/.  1,2? 

Under  poplars.     Abergavenny.     Breinton,  etc. 

Stem  stout,  swollen,  1-2  in.  long,  sometimes  excentric,  pruinose  at  the 
top,  never  marked  with  pits  or  depressions  ;  gills  decurren^^^,  with  an  obscure 
tooth  ;  pileus  fleshy,  compact,  rigid,  convex,  then  depressed  and  subinfundi- 
buliform  ;  at  first  dry,  but  after  rain  viscid  in  all  its  parts;  margin  at  first 
involute  and  villous ;  stem  and  pileus  more  or  less  covered  with  blood-red 
spots  and  smears ;  flesh  very  firm,  like  L.  jrqieratus.  Fr.  Milk  very  acrid, 
white,  plentiful ;  odour  faint,  but  pleasant ;  taste  exceedingly  acrid.  "  Feels 
and  looks  soapy."     Spores  echinulate,  -0003  X  -00025  in.-  W.  G.  >S^. 

586.  Lactarius  pubescens.     Schrad.     "  Pubescent  Lactarius. " 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  plano-umbilicate,  whitish,  disc  glabrous, 
shining  ;  margin  whitish-fibrillose  (or  tomentose)  ;  stem  stuffed, 
then  hollow,  very  short,  attenuated  downwards ;  gills  somewhat 
crowded, flesh-coloured;  milk  acrid,  white. — Schrad.  Spic.p.  122. 

var.  margiue-tomentoso.  B.^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  18^6, no. 101b. 
Kromhh.  1. 13,/.  1-12. 

In  pastures.     Aug.     Aboyne. 

Pileus  2  in.  across,  depressed,  clothed  with  fine  matted  down  ;  margin  in- 
volute, tomentose  ;  flesh  firm  ;  stem  nearly  equal,  l\  in.  high,  about  5  lines 
thick,  smooth,  pale  flesh-coloured  ;  gills  thin,  scarcely  branched;  milk  ex- 
tremely acridj  white,  not  changeable  ;  odour  pungent. — B.  <k  Br. 

Sect.  2.     Limacini. 

587.  Lactarius  insulsus.     Fr.     "Unsavoury  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  umbilicate,  then  infundibuliform,  viscid,  some- 
what zoned,  yellowish,  margin  naked ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hol- 
low, firm,  pallid ;  gills  crowded,  forked,  pallid ;  milk  white, 
acrid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  336.  Krombh.  t.  12,/.  1-6.  Huss.  i.t.  59. 
Berk.  Outl.  1. 13,  f.  2.  Gard.  Chron.  I860, p.  752. 


AGAEICIXI.  209 

In  woods  and  on  their  borders.     Common.      [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Stem  li;  in.  long,  1  in.  thick,  rarely  protracted  to  3  in.  and  then  equal. 
Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  zoned,  chiefly  about  the  margin,  smooth,  yellowish 
brick  red,  viscid,  cuticle  slightly  separating,  margin  naked.  Flesh  firm, 
pallid  ;  gills  decurrent,  forked  at  the  base,  whitish,  becoming  pallid. 

588.  Lactazius    zonazius.     Fr.     "Zoned  Lactarius." 

Pileus  compact,  umbilicate,  even,  viscid,  with  yellowish  zones  ; 
margin  involute,  naked  ;  stem  solid,  short,  elastic,  even,  yel- 
lowish ;  gills  crowded,  thin,  whitish ;  milk  white,  acrid,  un- 
changeable.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  336.  Bull,  t.  10-i.  Vaill.  L  12,  /.  7. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.ih.    Ventt.  34:,f.4:-6. 

On  the  borders  of  woods.     Aug. — Oct.     Rare. 

[Cincinnati,  U.S.] 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  nearly  plane,  rufescent  from  cinereous  with  brown 
zones,  milk  at  first  white.  Stem  1^  in.  high,  pale. — Fries.  Spores 
minutely  echinulate,  almost  globular,  diameter  '(K)027  in- 

(Fig.  51,  redjjxed.) 

589.  Lactarius    blennius.      Fr.     '•  Slimy  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  depressed,  glutinous,  often  concentrically  gut- 
tate,  greenish-grey;  margin  from  the  first  slightly  pubescent; 
stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  viscid,  of  the  same  colour ;  gills 
crowded,  white,  as  well  as  the  acrid  milk. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  337. 
Kromh.  t.  69,/.  7-9.  Krapf.  t.  4,/.  11, 13.  Sterh.  t.  5,  F.  Fl.  Dan. 
i.  1961,/.  1.   ERg.Fl.Y.p.26.  Berk,  exs.no.  S. 

In  woods.      Common. 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  fleshy,  rarely  subzonate,  convex,  the  margin  gene- 
rally involute  and  adpresso-tomentose,  at  length  more  or  less  depressed, 
dull  cinereous  green,  at  first  viscid;  more  or  less  pitted.  Milk  white,  not 
changeable ;  gills  rather  narrow,  pale  ochraceous,  scarcely  forked,  not  con- 
nected by  veins.  Stem  1  in.  long,  ^-J  in.  thick,  paler  than  the  pileus,  atten- 
uated downwards,  obtuse,  smooth,  at  length  hollow,  sometimes  pitted  ;  very 
acrid.— J/./.  5.     Spores  sparingly  echinulate,  "0002  X  '0003  in. 

590.  Lactarius  hysginus.     Fr,     "  Reddish  viscid  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  rigid,  umbilicate,  even,  viscid,  fleshy-red,  grow- 
ing pale;  margin  thin,  inflexed;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow, 
smooth,  rather  sjjotted;  gills  crowded,  white,  as  well  as  the 
acrid  milk.— Fr.Fj)icr. p.  3S7.  Krombh.t.U,/.  15, 16.  Eng.Fl. 
Y.p.26. 

In  woods.     Aug. — Oct. 

Pileus  4-5  in.  broad,  pinky  or  brownish-white,  viscid;  gills  white,  yel- 
lowish with  age  ;  stem  3-4  in.  high,  |  in.  thick,  solid  (then  hoUow),  white, 
with  a  pinky  tinge  ;  juice  dilutely  milky,  very  acrid. —  With. 


210  AGARICINI. 

591.  Lactarius   trivialis.     Fr.    "  Large  lurid  Lactarius." 

Pileiis  fleshy,  depressed,  viscid,  zoneless,  lurid,  becoming  pale, 
cuticle  inflexed  at  the  margin ;  stem  hollow,  stout  ;  gills  thin, 
crowded,  white,  as  well  as  the  acrid  milk. — Fr.  Epicr.  jp.  337. 
Kromhh.  t.  14,/.  17-18.  Ann.  N. II.no. '^^^. 

In  pine  woods.     Sept. 

Stem  1-6  in.  long,  1  in.  or  more  thick,  paler  than  the  pileus,  smooth,  un- 
spotted. Pileus  4-7  in.  broad,  depressed,  at  length  funnel-shaped.  Margin 
at  first  involute,  then  expanded,  dark  luri],  becoming  pale,  or  flesh-coloured 
tan.  Flesh  white.  Gills  sub-decurreut,  2-4  lin.  broad,  rather  thin,  whitish 
becoming  pallid. 

592.  Lactarius  circellatus.     Fr.     "  Dingy-zoned  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  plane,  repand,  viscid,  zoned  with 
ferruginous,  disc  from  the  first  umbilicate,  darker ;  stem  solid, 
firm,  attenuated  downwards  ;  gills  crowded,  whitish;  milk  white, 
acrid.— i^r.  Epicr.  p.  338.  Batt.  1. 13,  D.  Sow.  t.  203. 

In  woods.     Piare. 

Stem  1^-2  in.  long,  |  in.  and  more  thick,  even,  smooth,  growing  pale. 
Pilonas  depressed-convex,  then  expanded  and  depressed  in  the  centre,  2-3  in. 
broad,  when  young  and  moist  viscid,  rufous-brown,  variegated  with  darker 
zones.  Gills  horizontal,  with  a  subdecurrent  tooth,  very  thin  and  crowded, 
narrow. 

593.  Ziactaxius  uvidus.      Fr.     "Moist  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convex,  then  depressed,  zoneless,  viscid, 
dingy ;  margin  at  first  involute,  naked ;  stem  soon  hollow,  viscid, 
pallid  ;  gills  thin,  crowded,  white,  when  wounded  becoming  lilac  ; 
milk  white,  then  lilac. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  338.  BatscJi.  f.  202.  Eng. 
Fl.  y.p.  25.  Kromhh.  t.  hi  J.  14-16. 

In  woods.     July — Sept. 

Pileus  2-2^  in.  broad,  fleshy,  depressed,  sometimes  obsoletely  zoned,  viscid, 
pal3,  dirty  rufescent,  or  cinereous  with  a  shade  of  lilac,  sppckled  with  small 
watery  spots,  which  originate  beneath  the  epidermis  ;  gills  paler,  adnato- 
decurrent,  tlie  shorter  ones  very  obtuse,  and  truncate  behind,  connected  by 
veins  ;  milk  white,  acrid  ;  stem  2  in.  high,  \  in.  thick,  spongy,  at  length 
hollow,  marked  %vith  little  longitudinal  pits,  strigose  at  the  base,  the  whole 
plant  white  when  cut,  turning  to  a  beautiful  lilac. — M.  J.  B. 

Sect.  3.  Piperati — pileus  dry. 

594.  Lactarius  pyrogalus.     Fr.     "  Pear-scented  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  plane,  then  depressed,  subzonate,  smooth,  even, 
rather  moist,  livid,  cinereous  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  pallid, 
attenuated  downwards;    gills   thin,  rather    distant,    yellowish; 


AGAEICINl.  211 

milk  very  acrid,  copious,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  339.  Bull.  t.  529, 
/.  1.  Kromhh.  t.  14,/.  1-9.  Paul  t.  72,  f.  1-2  ?  Larbr.  1. 18,/.  3. 
Eng.  Fl.y.p.2^.  Smith.  P.M.  f.  IS.  Ann.  N.R.  no.  7dS*. 

In  woods  and  meadows .     Aug. 

Pileu3  2-3  in.  broad,  firm,  at  lengthdirty  yellowish,  in  shady  places  almost 
zoneleps.  Milk  abundant,  extremely  acrid.  Stem  H  in.  long,  3-5  lines  thick, 
stuffed,  soon  hollow,  often  attenuated,  smoother  scrobiculate.  -Fries.  Spores 
eparincrly  echinulate,  white,  or  with  a  suggestion  of  ochrej  almost  globular, 
•0)02(5  in.  diameter.— ir.  G.  S. 

535.         Lactarius  plumbeus.     Fr.     "  Lead-coToured  Lactarius." 

Pileus  compact,  convex,  at  length  infundibuliform,  dry,  un- 
polished, dingy,  then  blackish  brown  ;  stem  solid,  equal,  blunt; 
gills  crowded,  white  then  yellowish  ;  milk  acrid,  white,  unchange- 
able.—Fr.^y^z'cr.  J).  339.  Bull.  t.  282,  559,/  2.  Krapf.  i.  4,/ 
1-3.  Sow.  t.  245.   Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  29.  Barla.  t.  21,  f.  1-5. 

In  woods.     Rare. 

Pileus  3-5  in.  broad,  large,  convex,  becoming  depressed,  firm,  never  zoned 
or  glutinous;  margin  mostly  involute,  dark,  fuliginous-grey  or  brown;  flesh 
compact,  white  ;  gills  numerous,  yellowish,  varying  with  different  shades  : 
stem  2-3  in.  high,  firm,  thick,  brownish,  or  dingy-olive. — Grev. 

596.  Lactarius  acxis.     Fr.    "  Acrid  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  irregular,  at  length  infundibuliform,  yiscid, 
dusky  cinereous  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  somewhat  excentric, 
pallid,  attenuated  downwards  ;  gills  rather  crowded,  pallid,  yellow, 
turning  red;  milk  acrid,  white,  then  reddish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  34:2. 
Bolt.  t.  60.  Batsch.  f.  68.  Batt.  t.  13,  E.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  2b. 
Smith.  P.M.  f.2S. 

In  woods.     Aug. — Nov.     Rare.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Gills  distant ;  pileus  almost  black,  extremely  acrid  and  bitter. —  W.  G.  S. 

Pileus  almost  always  excentric,  emarginate,  unequal,  livid  brown  ;  gills 
rather  distant ;  stem  attenuated  downwards,  short,  pallid ;  milk  extremely 
acrid,  dirty  white,  then  rose-coloured,  then  yellowish,  seldom  unchangeable. 
—Fries.    Spores  echinulate,  yellow,  '00026  X  "00034  in. 

597.  Lactarius  chrysorrhaeus.    Fr.    *' Yellow-juiced  Lactarius." 

Pileus  rather  fleshy,  umbilicate,  then  infundibuliform,  yellow- 
ish flesh-coloured,  marked  with  darker  zones  or  spots  ;  stem 
stuffed,  then  hollow,  equal,  even,  white  ;  gills  decurrent,  thin, 
crowded,  yellowish  ;  milk  white,  then  golden  yellow,  very  acrid. 
—Fr.  Finer,  p.  342.  Price,  f. 11.  Bolt.  t.  144.  Krombh.  t.  12,  f. 
7-14.  Ann.  N.H.no.  705.  A.  theiogalus,  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  28. 

In  woods.     Common.  [United  States.] 


212  AGARICINI. 

Pileus  1-3  in.  broad,  bufF,  sometimes  slightly  tinged  with  tawny,  at  first 
hemispherical,  dimpled,  at  length  depressed,  more  or  less  zoned;  margin 
wavy,  involute,  and  minutely  downy  when  young  ;  flesh  firm,  crisp  ;  gills 
very  slightly  decurrent,  connected  by  veins,  distant,  by  no  means  rigid, 
salmon-coloured,  slightly  forked,  about  as  broad  as  the  flesh  of  the  pileus  ; 
milk  white,  rather  acrid,  with  a  peculiar  tastC;  changing  instantly  on  expo- 
sure to  a  delicate  but  beautiful  yellow  ;  sternly  in.  high,  ^-1  in.  thick,  at  first 
nearly  white  obese,  paler  than  the  pileus,  downy  at  the  base,  more  or  less 
hollow -JI.  J.  B. 

698.         Lactarius  piperatus.     Fr.     "  Peppery  Lactarius." 

White.  Pileus  compact,  umbilicate,  then  infundibnliform, 
rather  regular,  not  zoned,  even,  smooth  ;  stem  solid,  thick,  very- 
short,  white  ;  gills  decurrent,  arcuate,  crowded,  narrow,  dichoto- 
mous,  white  ;  milk  copious,  acrid,  white. — Fr.  Epic7\  p.  340.  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  1132.  Krombh.  t.  56,/.  1-4.  Bull.  t.  200.  Paul.  t.GS,f. 
3-4.  Smith.  P.M.  f.  15.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  30.  Barla.  t.  22,/.  1-5. 
Berk.  exs.  no.  61. 

In  woods.  July — Sept.  Common.  Poisonous.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  3-7  in.  broad,  slightly  rugulose,  quite  smooth,  white,  a  little  clouded 
with  yellow  or  stained  with  umber  where  scratched  or  bruised,  convex,  more 
or  less  depressed,  often  quite  infundibnliform ,  more  or  less  waved,  fleshy, 
thick,  firm  but  brittle  ;  margin  involute  at  first,  sometimes  excentric ;  milk 
white,  hot  ;  gills  generally  veiy  narrow,  i^in.  broad,  but  sometimes  much 
broader,  cream-coloured,  repeatedly  dichotomous,  very  close  "like  the  teeth 
of  an  ivory  comb,"  decurrent  from  the  shape  of  the  pileus,  when  bruised 
changing  to  umber ;  stem  1-3  in.  high,  1^-2  in.  thick,  often  compressed, 
minutely  pruinose,  solid  but  spongy  within,  the  substance  breaking  up  into 
transverse  cavities. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  not  echinulate,  generally  with  an  api- 
culus,  -0002  X  -00024  in. 

599.         Lactarius  vellereus.     Fr.     '^  Woolly-white  Lactarius." 

White.  Pileus  compact,  umbilicate  or  convex,  tomentose, 
zoneless  ;  margin  refiexed ;  stem  solid,  blunt,  pubescent;  gills 
distant,  arcuate,  whitish  ;  milk  scanty,  acrid,  white. — Fr.  Epicr. 
_p.  340.  Kromhh.  t.  bl ,  f.  10-13.  Sow.  t.  204..  Bull.  t.  538,/ 
G.H.N.  Schreff.  t.  225.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  31.  Barla.  t.  22,  f.  6-8. 
Berk.  exs.  no.  122. 

In  woods.     Common.  [Cincinnati,  United  States.] 

Pileus  4-7  in.  broad,  more  or  less  infundibnliform,  the  whole  surface  mi- 
nutely but  densely  tomentose,  white,  firm,  fleshy  ;  margin  at  first  involute  ; 
milk  white,  acrid  ;  gills  white,  narrow  (occasionally  broad  and  brittle),  dis- 
tant forked,  connected  by  veins,  at  length  slightly  bufi"  or  yellowish,  rufes- 
cent  after  being  bruised;  stem  1  in.  high,  2  in.  thick,  blunt,  rather  less 
downy  than  the  pileus,  solid. — M.  J.B.  Spores  hardly  echinulate,  '00019  X 
•00034  in. 

var.  exsuccus  Otto,  is  a  very  different  looking  plant  from  L. 
vellereus,  Fr. ;  it  is  destitute  of  milk,  and  is  like  a  Tricholoma  or 


AGARICINI.  213 

Clitocyhe,  not  rigid  as  in  L.  vellereus,  Fr.  The  gills  are  pale 
lemon  colour  with  a  shade  of  green  ;  stem  short ;  spores  covered 
with  spines  almost  globular,  'OOOod  in.  diameter. —  W.  G.  S. 

B.     Dapefes — Stem  central ;    gills  naked  and  milk  aromatic,  at 
first  acrid,  then  mild;  gills  becoming  pallid. 

600.        Lactazius  deliciosus.     Fr.     "  Delicious  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  umbilicate,  viscid,  zoned,  smooth,  rufous-orange, 
growing  pale;  margin  smooth ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  rather 
spotted;  gills  and  milk  at  first  saffron-red,  then  greenish. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  341.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1151.  Schceff.t.  11.  Kromhh.t.  11. 
Lenz.f.  9.  Letell  t.  633.  Vitt.  Mang.  t.  4:2.  Cooke  B.F.  1. 13.  Sow. 
t.  202.  Huss.  i.  t.  67.  Smith  E.M.f.  11.  Eng.  Fl.  x.  p.  26. 
Vent.  t.  29,/.  3-4,  t.  30,  /.  1.  Hogg  ^'  Johnst.  t.  5.  Trans.  Woolh. 
CI.  1867,^.  11.    Badh.\.  t.  6,/.  2-ii.  t.  5,/.  4.  Barla.  t.  19. 

In  fir  woods.     Sept.     Oct.     Esculent.       [United  States.] 

Gregarious,  sometimes  subcsespitose.  Pileus  4  in.  or  more  broad,  zoned, 
orange  rufous,  dull,  as  if  there  were  the  remains  of  a  minute,  very  closely 
pressed,  dirty  white  web;  hemispherical  when  young,  in  which  state  the 
margin  is  decidedly  involute  and  tomentose,  at  length  expanded,  depressed, 
fleshy.  The  whole  plant  abounding  with  orange  milk,  and  when  bruised  or 
old,  stained  with  green  ;  gills  decurrent,  from  the  first  of  the  same  colour  as 
the  pileus,  forked  at  the  base,  rather  broad  and  distant;  stem  3  in.  high, 
curved,  stuffed,  more  or  less  hollow,  scrobiculate,  strigose  at  the  base.  Odour 
and  taste  ag  -eeable,  but  slightly  acrid. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  echinulate,  almost 
round,  "00025  in.  diameter. 

C    Eussulares — Gills  discoloured,  milk  at  first  white. 

Sect.  1.    Pileus  at  first  viscid. 

601.        Zaactarius  pallidus.     Fr.     "  Pallid  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  obtuse,  depressed,  smooth,  viscid,  zoneless,  pallid ; 
stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  pruinose,  white,  then  pallid ;  milk 
sweet,  white. — Fr.  Fpkr.2:>.  343.  Kromhh.  t.  56,/.  10-14.  Paul. 
t.  80  ?  Ann.  N.H.  no.  705.   Sauncl.  ^  Sm.  1. 16. 

In  woods.     Bowood.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Stem  2  in.  and  more  long,  f  in.  thick,  even,  smooth.  Pileus  3-6  in.  broad, 
pallid,  piukish,  pale  clay-coloured,  or  tan-coloured.  Margin  broadly,  and  for 
a  long  timeiuvolute.  Flesh  pallid.  Gills  subdecurrent,  arcuate,  broad  (1|- 
2  lin.),  rather  thin,  crowded,  somewhat  branched,  whitish,  at  length  of  the 
colour  of  the  pileus.     Spores  echinulate,  almost  round,  diameter  '0003  in. 


214  AGARICINl. 

602.  Lactarius  quietus.     Fr.     "  Mild  reddish  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  depressed,  obtuse,  viscid  at  first,  soon  dry,  grow- 
ing pale,  somewhat  zoned,  opaque,  rufescent ;  stem  stufted, 
smootli,  of  the  same  colour ;  gills  white,  then  reddish ;  milk 
mild,  white. — Fr.  Ejncr.p.diS.  Kromh.  t.  40,/.  1-9.  Eng.Fl. 
V.  p.  27. 

In  "woods.     Sept. — Nov. 

Pileus  2  in.  or  more  broad,  opaque,  rufescent,  often  slightly  zoned,  at  first 
deep  liver-coloured,  obtuse,  at  length  depressed,  smooth;  the  margin  in- 
curved, and  delicately  downy  ;  flesh  firm,  thick  ;  milk  white,  but  sometimes 
of  a  decided  pale  yellow  ;  gills  pale  rufescent,  gradually  becoming  darker, 
decurrent,  forked  at  the  base,  rather  numerous,  and  narrow  ;  stem  2  in.  long, 
^-^  in.  thick,  thickest  upwards,  of  the  same  texture  and  colour  as  the  pileus  ; 
flesh  firm,  bearing  a  strong  pressure  without  breaking,  when  old  less  firm, 
but  not  ho'ilow.  Mild  ;  odour  oily  and  somewhat  like  that  of  bugs. — M.  J.B. 
Spores  papillose,  '00034  X    00024  in. 

603.  Lactarius  theiogalus.     Fr.     "  Sulphur-juiced  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then  depressed,  viscid,  smooth,  reddish- 
tawny;  stem  stuffed,  even,  of  the  same  colour;  gills  thin, 
crowded,  reddish-yellow ;  milk  white,  then  sulphur-coloured,  at 
length  acrid. — Fr.Epicr.p.^^2.  Built.  567,/.  2.  Kromhh.  t.2, 
f.  23,  24.  Bolt.  t.  9.  Paul.  t.  71.  Jnn.N.H.no.704:.  Barla.  t. 
20,/.  14-16.  Smith.  P.M.J.  20. 

In  woods.  [United  States.] 

Stem  1-2  in.  long,  2-4  lin.  thick,  even,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileua. 
Pileus  1^-21  in.  broad.  Margin  more  or  less  thin,  viscid,  shining  when  dry, 
reddish-tawiiy.  Gills  adnato-decurrent,  about  1  liu.  broad,  thin,  crowded. 
The  milk  does  not  assume  so  bright  a  yellow  tint  as  in  L.  chrysorrhceus. 

604.  Lactarius  cyathula.     Fr.     "  Cup-like  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  umbonate,  at  length  depressed, 
zoned,  viscid,  flesh-coloured,  when  dry  rivulose,  pallid,  opaque ; 
stem  stuffed,  equal,  pallid;  gills  linear,  narrow,  crowded,  white, 
then  yellowish-flesh  colour ;  milk  acrid,  white,  unchangeable. — 
Syst.Myc.p.QQ.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.  Hist.  1865,  wo.  1016.  Krapf. 
f.8,/.  8,  9. 

In  w^oods.     Aug.     Aboyne. 

Pileus  plane,  at  length  depressed  or  infundibuliform,  1^-2  in.  across, 
opaque,  slightly  viscid,  obtuse  or  obscurely  umbonate,  somewhat  zoned,  of 
a  pallid  flesh  colour  ;  stem  spongy,  stuff"ed,  14-2  in.  high,  g  in.  tl.ick,  nearly 
equal,  at  length  compressed,  shining,  with  a  silky  aspect;  gills  narrow, 
crowded,  of  a  yellowish-flesh  colour,  sub-decurrent ;  milk  white,  not  change- 
able, at  length  acrid  j  smell  somewhat  like  that  of  bugs. — B.  <kBr. 


AGAEICINI.  215 

Sect,  2.    Pileus  dry. 

605.  Iiactaiius  rufus.    Fr.     "  Eed  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  umbonate,  at  length  infundibiiliform,  dry,  floc- 
culose,  then  becoming  smooth,  shining,  zoneless,  dark-rufous ; 
stem  stuffed,  rufescent;  gills  crowded,  ochraceous  then  rufous, 
milk  white,  very  acrid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  347.  Lenz.f.  11.  Krombh. 
t.  39,/.  12-15.  Paul.  t.  69,  bis.  Huss.  i.  1. 15.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  28. 
Smith.  P.M.  f.  12. 

In  fir  woods.     Sept. 

Pileus  3  in.  broad,  plano-convex,  slightly  or  strongly  umbonate,  witb  a 
depression  round  the  umbo  as  the  plant  advances,  deep  rufescent,  adpresso- 
tomentose,  the  margin  slightly  turned  in  and  sub-striate,  fleshy,  firm,  not 
very  brittle  nor  zoned;  milk  white,  insupportably  acrid,  not  changeable; 
gills  at  first  pale,  then  slightly  rufescent,  decurrent,  here  and  there  forked. 
Stem  2|  in.  high,  ^  in,  thick,  nearly  equal,  obtuse,  firm,  bearing  a  strong 
pressure,  rufescent,  but  hoary  or  mealy,  turning  b^o^Yn  when  bruised,  some- 
what stuSed,  at  length  partly  hollow,  base  downy. — J/.  /.  B.  SiDores  scarcely 
echinulate,  almost  round,  diameter  "00024  in. 

606.  Lactarius  glyciosmus.     Ft:     "  Scented  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convexo-plane,  somewhat  umbonate,  dry, 
squamulose,  lurid,  opaque  ;  stem  stuffed,  thin,  pubescent,  pallid; 
gills  crowded,  yellowish-ochre;  milk  acrid,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
848.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.2'^.  Kro7nbh.t.  3d,  f.  16-18. 

In  fir  woods.     Sept.  Oct. 

Pileus  1-3  in.  broad,  more  or  less  plane,  often  umbonate,  various  in  colour, 
lurid-brown,  brick-red,  flesh-colour,  or  rufous,  known  by  its  peculiar  scent, 
brittle.  Gills  narrow,  opaque,  pale  when  young  ;  milk  white,  at  length  acrid. 
Stem  1|  in.  long,  3-4  lines  broad, — Eng.Fl. 

607.  Iiactarius  sexifluus.     Fr.     "  Thin-juiced  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fieshy,  plane,  then  depressed,  sub-flexuose,  dry,  smooth, 
zoneless,  brownish-tawny  ;  margin  inflexed ;  stem  solid,  equal, 
rather  incurved,  paler,  turning  yellowish,  as  well  as  the  crowded 
gills;  milk  sparing,  colour  of  serum. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  Mo.  Krombh. 
t.  40,/:  15, 16.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 13,/.  4. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Milk  of  a  watery  white* 

Sect.  3.     Pileus  at  first  yelvety. 

608.  Lactarius  fuligiziosus.    Fr.     "  Dingy  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  depressed,  obtuse,  very  dry,  zoneless,  at  first 
clouded  with  a  dingy  bloom,  then  naked,  cinereous  tan-colouredj 


216  AGARICINI. 

stem  stuffed,  spongy,  of  the  same  colour;  gills  crowded,  tan- 
coloured,  flesh  and  milk  acrid,  white,  then  saffron  coloured. — 
Fr.E2ncr.p.84:8.  Krombh.t.U,/.  10-12.  Bull.  t.  667,/.  8.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.2d.  Barla.t.21,f.6,7. 

In  woods.     Aug. — Nov.     Common.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  1-3  in.  broad,  not  viscid,  minutely  pitted,  plane,  slightly  depressed, 
of  a  dull  grey  buflf,  or  umber,  with  a  minute  bloom  ;  not  zoned  ;  margin  not 
the  least  involute  ;  flesh  when  cut  soon  changing  to  salmon  colour ;  milk 
white,  not  changeable  ;  gills  slightly  forked  at  the  base,  not  connected  by 
veins,  ochraceous,  sub-decurrent,  mealy  with  the  yellow  spores,  which  are 
round  and  echinulate  ;  stem  1^-3  in.  long,  4-5  lines  thick,  solid,  but  the  inner 
substance  less  dense,  obese,  much  paler  than  the  pileus,  with  a  minute  bloom. 
The  colour  of  the  pileus  is  exactly  that  of  coffee  and  milk. — M.  J.  B.  Spores 
yellow,  echinulate,  almost  globular,  diameter '00028  in. 

Sect.  4.     Pileus  smooth,  polished. 

609.  Lactarius  volemuin.     Fr.     "  Orange-brown  Lactarius." 

Pileus  compact,  rigid,  plane,  then  depressed,  obtuse,  dry,  golden 
tawny,  at  length  rimoso-rivulose  ;  stem  solid,  hard,  blunt,  pruinose ; 
gills  crowded,  white,  then  yellowish  ;  milk  copious,  sweet,  white. 
— Fr.  Epicr. 2^84:4:.  Letell.t.  624.  Lenz.t.o,/.  12.  Huss. 1. 1. 87 . 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.27.  Kro77ibh.t.30,f.l-4.  Barla.t.20,f.  1-3.  Smith. 
E.M.f.26. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe.     Esculent.         [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  4  in.  broad,  flesh  thickish,  moderately  firm,  obtuse,  minutely  um- 
bonate,  though  the  umbo  at  length  vanishes,  subdepressed,  sometimes  very 
faintly  zoned,  with  a  few  minute  wrinkles  towards  the  margin,  dry,  at  length 
cracked,  of  a  rich  orange  brown,  darker  in  the  centre,  the  whole  rather  dull 
than  shining  ;  margin  not  th?  least  involute,  though  when  young  the  edge 
of  the  pileus  is  regularly  incurved  ;  milk  white,  abundant,  quite  mild  ;  gills 
pale  ochraceous,  becoming  fuscous  on  being  touched,  not  very  close,  scarcely 
decurrent,  even  in  depressed  specimens,  sometimes  slightly  forked ;  stem  1\- 
3J  in.  high,  above  1  in.  thick,  obese,  minutely  attenuated  downwards,  sculp- 
tured longitudinally,  paler  than  the  centre  of  the  pileus,  spongy  in  the  centre, 
outer  flesh  reddish. — M.  J.  B. 

610.  Iiactaarius  znitissinius.     Fr.     "Mild  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convex,  then  depressed, papillate,  dry,  zone- 
less,  even,  orange  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  smooth,  of  the  same 
colour ;  gills  crowded,  paler ;  milk  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  345. 
Kromhh.  t.  39,/.  19,  20.  Ann.N.H.  no.  799. 

In  woods  and  hedgebanks. 

Stem  1-3  in.  long,  3-|  lin.  thick,  even,  smooth.  Pileus  thin,  rather  rigid, 
depressed,  with  evanescent  papilljE,  1-3  in.  broad,  brightly  coloured.  Flesh 
pallid  ;  gills  adnato-tlecurrent,  at  first  somewhat  arcuate,  then  straight, 
thin,  crowded,  1-1^  lin.  or  more  broad. 


AGARICINI. 


217 


611. 


Ziactazius  subdulcis.     Fr.     "  Sweet  Lactarius. 


Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  papillate,  at  length  depressed,  polished, 
even,  zoneless,  rufous -cinnamon;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow, 
equal,  somewhat  pruinose,  becoming  rufous,  as  well  as  the  crowded, 
fragile  gills  ;  milk  rather  mild,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  346.  Bull.  t. 
222,  A.B.  Soiv.  t.  204.  Krombh.  t.  40,/.  13,  14.  Lenz.  f.  11, 
Bolt.t.S.  Schceff.t.  73,  partli/.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.28.  Barla.t.  20, 
/.4-10. 

In  woods.     Sept.  Oct.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  1-4  in.  broad,  dark  chocolate,  sometimes  slightly  viscid  when 
young  ;  milk  white,  acrid  when  the  plant  is  old  ;  gills  at  length  deep  brown, 
scarcely  at  all  forked  ;  stem  1-2  in,  high,  5-2- in-  thick,  substance  looser  than 
in  L.  quietus,  at  length  hollow.  — M.  J.  B.  Spores  between  papillose  and 
echinulate,  diameter  '00028  in. 

612.        Lactazius  camphoratus.     Fr.     "  Camphory  Lactarius." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  depressed,  dry,  somewhat  zoned,  smooth, 
brownish-red ;  stem  stuffed,  sub-undulate,  of  the  same  colour ; 
gills  crowded,  yellowish-red  ;  milk  mild,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
346.  Bull.  t.  667,  f.l.  Krombh.  t.  3d, f.  21-24:.  Ann.N.H.no. 
706. 

In  woods.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Known  by  its  powerful  smell  of  melilot,  which  it  retains  for  a  long  time  in 
the  herbarium.     Pileus  1^  in.  across. — M.J.B. 


Gen.  10. 


RUSSULA,  Fr.  Gen.  Hymen. 

Spores  white  or  very  pale  yellow, 
generally  echinulate;  veil  entirely  ob- 
solete ;  pileus  fleshy,  convex,  then 
expanded,  and  at  length  depressed  ; 
stem  stout,  polished,  not  corticate, 
generally  spongy  within,  confluent 
with  the  hymenophore  ;  gills  nearly 
equal,  milkless,  rigid,  brittle,  with 
an  acute  edge,  sometimes  dropping 
water  ;  trama  vesiculose. 

Hab.  On  the  ground  in  late  sum- 
mer and  autumn.  {Fig.  52.) 


Fig.  52. 


This  genus  agrees  with  Lactarins  in  size, 
and  some  other  characters,  but  differs  in  the 
absence  of  milk,  and  the  gills  being  nearly  equal.  Odour  none,  or  unpleasant. 
A  few  species  are  edible,  but  most  are  noxious. —  W.  G.  S. 


218  AGAKICINI. 

Sect.  1.     Compactce. 

613.  Russula  nigricans.    Fr.    '' Blackish  Eussula." 

Pileus  equally  fleshy,  compact,  umbilicate,  depressed,  dingy- 
olive;  margin  inflexed,  without  strise ;  stem  solid,  blunt,  at  length 
charry-black  ;  gills  rounded  thick,  distant,  unequal. — Fr.Epicr. 
p.  350.  Bull.  t.  579,/.  2.  Kromhh.  t.  70,  /  14,  15.  Sow.  t.  36. 
Huss.  t.73.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  799*.  A.  adustus,  Eng,  Fl.  Y.p.  23. 

In  woods.     Common. 

Pileus  2^-3|  in.  broad,  white,  smooth,  or  clothed  with  a  very  minute  pubes- 
cence or  mealj  which  when  touched  turns  black,  piano-depressed,  at  length 
infundibuliform,  flesh  thick,  firm,  crisp,  turning  red  when  cut,  when  old  the 
whole  plant  is  black.  Margin  not  involute  ;  gills  narrow,  pale  yellowish, 
thick,  distant,  forked,  decurrent ;  stem  3  in.  high,  nearly  1  in.  thick,  sub- 
incrassated  below,  very  obtuse,  substance  and  surface  like  that  of  the  pileus. 
— M.  J.  B.  Known  from  its  coarse  habit,  and  becoming  red  when  bruised. 
Spores  papillose,  diameter  '0003  in. 

614.  Russula  adusta.    Fr.     "  Scorched  Russula." 

Pileus  equally  fleshy,  compact,  depressed,  nearly  infundibuli- 
foiTQ  ;  margin  at  first  inflexed  and  smooth,  then  erect  and  with- 
out striae  ;  stem  solid,  blunt,  dingy-cinereous  ;  gills  adnate,  then 
decurrent,  thin,  crowded,  unequal. — Fr.  Epicr.j^.^^O.  Krombh. 
«.  70,/.  7-11.  Batt.t. IS,  C.    Barla.t.ll.   Ann.  N.H.  no.  SOO. 

In  woods.     Sept.  Oct.  [United  States.] 

Commonly  smaller  then  R.  nigricans,  pileus  at  length  infundibuliform ; 
gills  decurrent,  thin,  crowded  j  colour  when  young  pallid  or  whitish,  when 
old  as  if  scorched,  sooty- grey .—-i^ri'es.  Well  distinguished  by  its  compara- 
tively thin,  crowded  gills,  and  other  points.— JS.  d;Br. 

615.  Russula  delica.    Fr,   "  Whitish  Eussula." 

Pileus  equally  fleshy,  firm,  umbilicate,  even,  shining ;  margin 
involute,  smooth,  without  stri^ ;  stem  solid,  compact,  white ; 
gills  decurrent,  thin,  distant ,  white.- — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  350.  Batt. 
t.\l,A.  Paul.  t.  73,/.  1.  Krombh.  t.  70,  f.  12,13.  Vent.  t.  4:8,/. 
3,4. 

In  woods. 

Stem  solid,  short,  1-2  in.,  ^  in.  and  more  thick,  even,  smooth,  white.  Pileus 
everywhere  fleshy,  3-5  in.  broad,  firm,  uD:ibilicate,  then  infundibuliform, 
regular,  even,  smooth;  margin  involute,  without  striae.  Flesh  firm,  dry, 
white. 


AGAEICINI.  219 

Sect,  2.     Furcatce. 

616.  Russula  furcata.    Fr.     "  Forked  Russula." 

Mild,  at  length  bitter.  Pileus  fleshy,  rigid,  plane,  then  de- 
pressed and  infundibuliform,  even,  somewhat  shining,  with  a 
silky  lustre,  at  length  smooth  ;  margin  even,  acute  ;  stem  stout, 
firm,  even,  attenuated  downwards ;  gills  adnato-decurrent,  rather 
thick,  somewhat  distant,  forked,  white,  as  well  as  the  stem. — 
Fr.Hpicr.p.  3d2.  Krombh.t.62,f.l,2,t.6d,f.l8-22.  Bull.  t.  26. 
Schcef.t.d-LJ.l.  Fault.  74:,/.  1.  Buxh.x.t.^l J.2.  Eng.Fl. 
Y.p.22.  Barla.  M6,/.  1-9. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Stem  stuflfed,  moderately  firm,  white.  Pileus  when  young  plane,  tlie  mar- 
gin deflexed;  then  sub  infundibuliform,  green.    Taste  acrid. — Fries. 

617.  Russula  sanguinea.     Fr.    " Blood-red  Kussula." 

Acrid.  Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convex,  then  gibbo-depressed  and 
infundibuliform,  at  length  even,  moist ;  margin  thin,  acute,  even; 
stem  spongy  or  solid,  slightly  striate,  white  or  reddish ;  gills 
decurrent,  thin,  very  crowded,  somewhat  forked,  connected,  white. 
—Fr.Epicr.p.rol.  Bull.  t.  ^2.  Moq.  t.  12,/.  1.  Smitli^.PM. 
/.  17. 

In  woods. 

Stem  stout.  Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  obtuse,  then  depressed  and  infundibuli- 
form, polished,  2-3  in.  broad,  blood-red,  or  growing  pale  about  the  margin. 
Flesh  firm,  cheesy,  white.  Gills  very  narrow,  and  much  crowded.  Taste 
acrid  and  peppery. 

618.  Russula  rosacea.    Fr.    "  Rosy  Russula." 

At  length  acrid.  Pileus  compact,  convexo-plane,  unequal, 
viscid,  then  dry, variegated  with  spots;  margin  acute,  even  ;  stem 
spongy  or  solid,  even,  white,  or  reddish ;  gills  adnate,  rather 
crowded,  plane,  unequal,  white,  divided  behind. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
351.  Bull.t.bOdJ.Z. 

In  woods.  [United  States.] 

Stem  solid,  firm,  at  length  spongy  within,  even,  smooth,  about  2  in.  long. 
Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  expanded,  obtuse,  but  never  depressed,  2-4  in.  broad, 
cuticle  when  young  and  moist  viscid  and  separable.  Gills  in  all  states  adnate, 
crowded,  fragile,  forked  behind,  always  persistently  white.  Spores  papillose, 
almost  globular,  diameter  "00026  in.  (Fig*  52,  reduced.) 

L   2 


220  AGARICINI. 

619.  Russula  saxdonia.    Fr.     "  Changeable  Russula." 

Pileiis  fleshy,  firm,  convexo-plane,  then  depressed,  smooth ; 
cuticle  thin,  adnate,  viscid,  changing  colour  ;  margin  even ;  stem 
spongy  or  solid,  short,  white,  or  reddish  ;  gills  adnate,  much 
crowded,  somewhat  forked,  white,  then  yellowish. — Fr.Epicr.p. 
353.    Schoeff.  t.  16,/.  5,  6.    Kromhli.  t.  68,/.  1-4. 

Near  paths  in  fir  woods. 

A  robust  and  firm,  but  not  large  species.  Stem  solid,  l|-2  in.  long,  1  in. 
thick,  even,  white,  or  reddish.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  reddish,  pallid  yellow, 
dirty  yellow,  opaque. 

620.  Russula  depallens.     -FV.     "  Bleached  Eussula." 

Mild.  Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  undulate  or  irregular,  even,  opaque; 
cuticle  thin,  viscid,  adnate,  turning  pale  ;  margin  even,  at  length 
slightly  striate  ;  stem  firm,  attenuated  downwards,  white,  be- 
coming cinereous ;  gills  adnexed,  crowded,  fragile,  furcate  be- 
hind, whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  353.   Kromhh.  t.  Q^^f.  12-13. 

In  pastures.  [United  States.] 

Stem  solid,  about  1|  in.  long,  Pileus  rarely  depressed,  but  often  undulate, 
at  first  pale-reddish  or  brownish,  then  whitish  or  yellowish,  in  all  states 
opaque.  Flesh  white,  mild.  Gills  forked  at  the  base  with  shorter  ones  in- 
termixed. 

Sect.  3.     RigidcE. 

621.  Russula  lactea.    Fr.     "  Milk-white  Russula." 

Mild,  milk-white.  Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  unpolished,  then 
rivulose ;  margin  straight,  thin,  obtuse,  even ;  stem  solid,  com- 
pact, obese ;  gills  free,  thick,  distant,  rigid,  slightly  forked. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  355.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866)  no.  1133.  Paul.  t. 
74,/  2. 

On  the  ground.     Aug.     King's  CHffe.     Esculent. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

The  thick,  distant  gills,  and  milk-white  pileus  characterise  this  fine  species. 
Stem  1^-2  in,  long,  1^  in,'  thick.  Pileus  2  in.  broad,  atfir&t  white,  even,  then 
whitish-tan  coloured,  when  dry  slightly  cracked, 

622.  Russula  virescens.     Fr.     "  Greenish  Russula." 

Mild ;  pileus  fleshy,  firm,  globose,  then  expanded  and  umbili- 
cate,  innato-flocculose,  or  areolate  and  wartcd  ;  margin  straight, 
obtuse,  even  ;  stem  spongy  or  solid,  stout,  sub-rivulose,  whitish  ; 


AGAEICINI.  221 

gills  free,  rather  crowded,  unequal,  and  forked. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
Bod.  Schrejf.t.94:(notf.l)  Vitt.t.S.  Sturm,  t. 31.  Larb.t.l9, 
f.  3,  t.  20, /f  5.  Kromhh.  t.  67,/.  1-10.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 13,/.  6.  Huss. 
n.t.ll.  En^.Fl.Y.  p.  23.  Barla.t.lQ.f.  10-12.  Vent.  t.  17,  f.  1-2. 

In  woods.     July — Sept.     Esculent.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  4  in.  broad,  convex,  at  length  slightly  depressed  and  irregular,  of 
various  livid  hues,  yellow,  purple  and  green,  fleshy,  rugulose,  very  slightly 
viscid  ;  margin  even.  The  edge  of  the  pileus  sometimes  hangs  down  in  a 
singular  manner.  Gills  white,  forked,  sometimes  anastomosing  at  the  base, 
rather  close,  moderately  rigid,  elastic.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  ^  in.  or  more  thick, 
obtuse  at  the  base,  various  in  form,  slightly  reticulated  with  raised  lines. 
Taste  and  odour  mild. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  scarcely  echinulate,  almost  globular. 
•00025  in.  diameter. 

623.  Russula  lepida.     Fr.     "  Scaly  Russula." 

Mild.  Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convex,  then  depressed,  un- 
polished, silky,  rimoso-squamose,  becoming  pale  ;  margin  patent, 
obtuse,  even  ;  stem  solid,  compact,  even,  white  or  rosy  ;  gills 
rounded,  rather  thick,  somewhat  crowded,  many  of  them  forked, 
white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.3ho.  Batsch.f.l2.  Huss.\i.t.o2.  Kromhh. 
t.  64,/.  19,20.  Hogl'.  4-  Johnst.  t.  4. 

In  woods.     Esculent.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Stem  3  in.  long.  1  in.  thick,  even,  white  or  roseate.  Pileus  .3  in.  broad, 
opaque,  unpolished,  somewhat  silky,  at  length  rimoso-squamulose  and  dis- 
coloured ;  colour  beautifully  rosy-red,  the  disc  especially  becoming  whitish. 

624.  Russula  rubra.     Fr.     "  Red  Eussula." 

Acrid,  Pileus  fleshy,  rigid,  convex,  then  plane  or  depressed, 
dry,  polished,  becoming  even  ;  margin  patent,  obtuse,  without 
Btri^e  ;  stem  solid,  hard,  stout,  white,  or  red  ;  gills  obtusely  ad- 
nate,  rather  crowded,  whitish,  often  forked  and  dimidiate. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  361:.  Larbr.t.  18.  f.  7.  Boq.t.  6,  f.2.  Krombh.t.Qb. 
Vitt.  Mang.t.  38,  f.  2.  Schceff.  «.  15,/4-6.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.22. 

In  woods.     Aug.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  compact,  dry,  even,  scarcely  brittle,  of  a  cellular  texture  ;  gills 
close  ;  stem  2  in.  hi^h,  firm,  often  tinged  with  rose  ;  very  bitter,  like  gall,  ex- 
tremely acrid.  —Fries. 

Sect.  4.     HeterophyllcB. 

625.  Russula  vesca.     Fr.     "  Edible  Russula." 

Mild,  sweet-tasted.  Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  umbilicato-convex, 
then  plane  and  infundibuliform,  venoso-rugose,  and  streaked; 
flesh  under  the  viscid  cuticle  reddish  ;  margin  even,  or  remotelj 


222  ACAEICINI. 

striate ;  stem  firm,  miequal,  rivuloso-rugose  ;  gills  adnate,  rather 
crowded,  unequal,  and  forked,  white,  as  well  as  the  stem. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  352.  Krombh.  t.  67 ,f.  12-19.  Vitt.t  27.  Bolt.t.  1.  Paul, 
t.  76,/.  2,  3.  Huss.  i.  t.  89. 

In  woods.     Esculent. 

Of  medium  size.  Stem  solid,  peculiarly  reticulated,  attenuated  at  the  base. 
Pileus  flesh-red,  disc  darker,  margin  at  length  patent. 

626.  Russula  cyanoxantha.    Fr.     '*  Blue  and  Yellow  Russula." 

Mild.  Pileus  compact,  convex,  then  expanded  and  depressed, 
orinfuudibuliform,  even,  rugose  or  yirgate  ;  margin  remotely  and 
faintly  striate  ;  stem  spongy,  stuffed  but  firm,  when  old  cavernose, 
equal,  smooth,  even,  white ;  gills  rounded  behind,  connected  by 
veins,  broad,  little  crowded,  furcate, mixed  with  shorter,  white. — 
Fr.Hym.  Suec.u.p.  194.  B.  4' Br.  A7in.N.E.{lS66),no.  1131. 
Schcpjf.  t.  93.  B.  vesca,  var.  h.  Fr.  Ep.p.  353. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Fineshade.  [United  States.] 

Colour  of  the  pileus  variable,  in  the  typical  form  lilac  or  purplish,  or 
greenish  olive,  disc  growing  pale  and  yellowish;  margin  bluisL  orHvid-purple; 
flesh  firm,  of  a  cheesy  consistency,  white,  under  the  separable  cuticle  com- 
monly reddish  ;  pileus  2-3  in.  broad  or  more  ;  stem  2-3  in.  long. 

627.  Russula  he terophy  11a.     Fr.     "  Variable  Russula." 

Mild.  Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convexo-plane,  then  depressed,  even, 
polished,  cuticle  very  thin,  evanescent ;  margin  thin,  even,  or 
densely  striate ;  flesh  white  ;  stem  solid,  firm,  nearly  equal,  even, 
white  ;  gills  attenuated,  nearly  free,  thin,  much  crowded,  forked 
and  dimidiate,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  352.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1909,/.  1. 
Paul.  t.  76,  f.  1-5.  Badh.  i.  1. 10,/.  3,  ii.  t.  3,/.  3,  4.  Price./.  37. 
Smith  E.M.f.  3.  Hogg.  ^-  Jolinst.  t.  9.  Berk.  Outl.t.  13,  /  5. 
Huss.  i.  t.  84.   Coohe.  B.F.  t.  4. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent. 

Always  mild.  Stem  firm,  solid  ;  pileus  never  reddish  or  purple  ;  gills  very 
narrow,  much  crowded,  white.     Spores  echinulate,  "00021  X  "00026  in. 

628.  Russula  foe  tens.     Fr.     "  Foetid  Russula." 

Acrid,  foetid.  Pileus  buUate,  then  expanded  and  depressed,rigid, 
cuticle  adnate,  viscid;  disc  fleshy;  margin  widely  membranaceous, 
tuberculoso-sulcate  ;  stem  stout,  stuffed,  then  hollow ;  gills  ad- 
nexed,  very  unequal,  and  forked,  anastomosing  by  veins,  whitish, 
at  first  guttate. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  359.  Krombh.  t.  70,/.  1-6.  Bull.  t. 
292.  Sow.t.Ub.  Eng.Fl.Y. p. 22.  Smith.  P.M./.  16. 


AGAEICINI.  223 

In  woods.     July — Sept.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Generally  rancid  and  stinking,  bat  at  times  fragrant ;  it  is  not  uncommoD 
to  find  it  as  sweet  smelling  as  Ag.odonu,  Ball. —  W.  G.  S. 

Gregarious.  Pileng  4-5  in.  broad,  at  first  convex ;  the  margin  broadly 
folded  inwards,  convex,  at  length  more  or  less  depressed,  with  the  margin 
somewhat  vaalted,  fleshy  in  the  centre  ;  margin  thin,  farrowed  and  tabercled, 
the  striae  appearing  as  if  a  glutinous  membrane  were  stretched  over  them, 
dirty  yellow,  rather  brittle.  Gills  forked,  dirty  white  or  yellowish,  mode- 
rately broad,  connected  by  veins.  Stem  3-4  in.  high,  above  1  in.  thick,  ob- 
tuse, incrassated  at  the  base,  ruggedly  hollow  withiu,  as  if  eaten  by  snails, 
white  or  with  a  dirty  yellow  tinge,  depresso-tomentose,  beneath  the  gills 
minutely  pitted  longitudinally,  flesh  rather  yellow.  Highly  acrid,  odour  very 
strong  and  penetrating,  empyreumatic,  somewhat  resembling  that  of  prussic 
acid,  but  exceedingly  disagreeable. — M.J.B.  Spores  minutely  echinulate, 
almost  globular,  diameter  "00032  in. 


Sect.  5.     Fragiles. 

629.  Russula  exnetica.    Fr.     "Emetic  Kussula." 

Acrid.  Pilous  fleshy,  expanded  or  depressed,  polished,  shining; 
margin  patent,  at  length  sulcate;  flesh  white  beneath  the  red- 
dish separable  cuticle ;  stem  spongy-solid,  fi.rm,  elastic,  even, 
white  or  reddish ;  gills  free,  equal,  broad,  somewhat  distant, 
white. — Fr.  Epicr.j).  357.  Lenz.  f.  15.  Buxh.  v.  t.  47,/.  1.  Ann. 
N.H.no.SSS.  Kro7nbh.t.66,f.A-7  ?  Cooke  B.F.t  22.  Eng.  Fl. 
V.  p.  21.  Barla.  t.  14,/.  4-9.  Smith  P.M.f.  21. 

In  woods.     July — Dec.     Poisonous.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  2-5  in.  broad,  glutinous  when  young,  smooth,  hemispherical,  at 
length  plane,  depressed  in  the  centre  ;  margin  thin,  striato-sulcate,  purple, 
rose-red,  bluish,  fuscous,  yellow,  or  even  white  ;  gills  rather  distant,  broad, 
rigid,  thickish,  connected  by  veins,  equal,  with  a  very  few  smaller  inter- 
spersed, always  white;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  longitudinally  rugulose,  firm, 
solid,  white,  or  tinged  with  the  colour  of  the  pileus,  very  acrid  and  poisonous. 
— Eng.  Fl.  Known  by  its  very  acrid  taste  and  free  gills,  between  which  and 
the  stem  is  a  distinct  channel. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  echinulate,  almost  globular, 
diameter  -00028  in. 

630.  Russula  ochroleuca.     Fr,     ''  Ochrey  Russula." 

Acrid.  Pileus  fleshy,  expanded  or  depressed,  polished,  cuticle 
adnate,  turning  pale ;  margin  patent,  becoming  even ;  stem 
spongy-stuffed,  firm,  reticulato-rugulose,  white  then  cinereous ; 
gills  rounded  behind,  connected,  broad,  subequal,  white  then 
pallid.— Fr.i^/cr.;).  358.  Kromhh.  t.  64,/.  7-9.  Larhr.  1. 19./  1. 
Buxh.  V.  t.  4:6,  f.  2.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  707. 

In  fir  woods.     Sept.  [United  States.] 


224 


AGARICINI. 


Pileus  always  yellowisli,  turnint^  pale,  about  the  same  size  as  R.  emetica, 
from  which  it  di Iters  in  the  finely  reticulated  rugose  stem,  which  is  white 
then  greyish,  and  the  adnate  cuticle  of  the  pileus.  Spores  papillose,  dia- 
meter -00029  in. 

631.  Russula  fragilis.     Fr.     "  Fragile  Eussula." 

Very  acrid  ;  pileus  lax,  fleshy,  thin,  plane,  depressed,  unequal, 
polished,  cuticle  thin,  becoming  pale,  opaque,  slightly  viscid  ; 
margin  tuberculoso -striate  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  shining; 
gills  fixed,  thin,  crowded,  yentricose,  white. — F7\  Epicr.p.  359. 
Krombh.  t.  U,f.  12-18.  Bull.  t.  509,/.  T.U.  Vent.  t.  33,  /.  4,  5. 
Corda.  Sturm,  t.  53.  Barla.  1. 14,/.  10-12. 

In  woods.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Stem  lj-2  in.  long,  always  finely  striate,  white.  Pileus  1-1|  in.  broad, 
rarely  more,  colour  variable,  always  opaque. 

632.  Russula  Integra.     Fr.     •' Entire  Russula." 

Mild.  Pileus  fleshy,  expanded  or  depressed,  with  a  viscid  cu- 
ticle, growing  pale ;  margin  thin,  at  length  sulcate  n.nd  tubercu- 
lose  ;  flesh  white  ;  stem  spongy,  stuffed,  even,  ventiv'ose,  white  ; 
gills  nearly  free,  very  broad,  equal,  distant,  white,  then  pallid, 
powdered  with  yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  360.  Schcpff.  t.  92.  Vitt.  t. 
21.  Krombh.  t.  64,/.  4-6,  t.  6Q,f.  14,  15.  Batt.  t.  16,  c.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  334.  Harz.  t.  59. 

In  woods.     Aug.     Bristol. 

Distinguished  by  its  mild  taste,  its  at  length  sulcate  and  tuberculated  mar- 
gin, its  white  stem,  and  its  gills,  which  gradually  assume  a  pale  dirty  yellow 
hue. — M.  J.  B. 

633.  Russula  decoloxans.     Fr.    "  Discolored  Russula." 

Mild.  Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  spherical,  then  expanded  or  depressed, 
polished,  thin,  cuticle  becoming  pale  ;  margin  thin,  even  ;  stem 
spongy,  solid,  elongated,  cylindrical,  rugoso-striate,  white  then 
cinereous  ;  gills  adnexed,  forked  behind,  thin,  crowded,  white, 
then  yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  361.  Mag.  Zool.  ^  Bot.  no.  60. 

In  woods.     Sept.     Esculent. 

Distinguished  from  i2.  alufacev.s  by  its  pale  spores,  in  consequence  of  which 
the  gills  remain  much  longer  white.  The  inside  of  the  stem,  which  is  thick 
and  spongy,  acquires  in  general  a  cinereous  tinge. — M.  J.  B. 

634.  Russula  auzata.     Fr.     "  Golden  Russula." 

Becoming  acrid.  Pileus  fleshy,  rigid,  convexo-plane,  shining ; 
margin  at  length  striate  ;  flesh  under  the  viscid  cuticle  lemon- 


AGAEICINI,  225 

coloured  ;  stem  spongy  or  compact,  rather  striate,  white  or  lemon- 
coloured  ;  gills  rounded  behind,  free,  broad,  equal,  shining,  edge 
lemon-yellow. — Fr.  Epkr.p.  360.  Krapf.  t.  5.  Schceff.  t.  15,/.  1- 
3.  iCm/iJA.?.  66,/.  8-11.  Ann.N.H.no.^oh. 

In  woods.     Aug.     Bristol. 

A  most  splendid  species,  distingaislied  by  its  golden  yellow  shining  pilens, 
and  yellow-margined  gills. — M.  J.  B. 

Stem  firm,  2-3  in.  long,  cylindrical,  obsoletely  striate.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad. 
Flesh  lemon-coloured  beneath  the  adnate  cuticle. 

635.  Russula  veternosa.     Fr.     "  Sleepy  Russula." 

Acrid.  Pileus  loosely  fleshy,  plane,  then  depressed,  polished, 
cuticle  thin,  adnate,  becoming  pale  ;  margin  membranaceous, 
even ;  stem  spongy,  then  hollow,  soft,  equal,  even,  fragile,  white ; 
gills  adnate,  narrow,  broader  behind,  unequal,  straw-coloured. — 
Fr.Epicr.p.  Sd4:.  Faul.t.74,,f.  3.  B.^'Br.  Ann.  N.H.  {lS66),no. 
1132.  Kromhh.t.  66,/.  18, 19. 

On  the  ground.     Chatteris. 

Flesh  white,  spongy.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  rose-coloured  or  flesh-coloured, 
Boon  with  the  disc  whitish  or  yellowish, 

636.  Russula  nitida.     Fr.     "  Shining  Russula." 

Nauseous,  rather  fcetid.  Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  becoming 
rigid,  convexo-plane  then  depressed,  shining,  discoid  ;  margin 
thin,  from  the  first  striate  and  tuberculose ;  flesh  white ;  stem 
stuffed,  soft,  white,  growing  pallid ;  gills  adnexed,  seceding,  then 
crowded,  shining,  white,  then  yellow,  naked. — Fr.Epicr.  7?.  362. 
Schceff.  t.  254.  Krombh.  t.  Q^J.  1-3.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  13,/.  7.  Fag. 
Fl.Y.p.21. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  convex,  becoming  nearly  plane  or  depressed,  viscid 
when  moist ;  margin  very  thin,  at  first  even,  afterwards  furrowed  and  tuber- 
cled,  mostly  yellow,  but  occasionally  tinged  with  purple  ;  gills  bufi",  connected 
by  veins,  all  equal,  free  ;  spores  pale  yellow;  stem  1-2  in.  long,  j  in.  thick, 
Bpongy,  at  length  hollow,  white  or  yellowish,  covered  with  minute  white 
meal' — M.J.  B. 

637.  Russula  alutacea.     Fr.     "  Tan-coloured  Russula." 

Mild.  Pileus  fleshy,  expanded  or  depressed,  with  a  viscid  cu- 
ticle, growing  pale  ;  margin  thin,  at  length  striate,  tuberculose  ; 
flesh  white  ;  stem  spongy,  solid,  stout,  white  or  reddish,  even  ; 
gills  at  first  free,  thick,  equal,   somewhat  distant,  yellow,  then 

L  5 


226  AGARICINI. 

ochraceous  tan-col oiired,  naked. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  862.  Vitt.  t.  34. 
Eoq.  1. 10,  f.  4.  Kromhh.  t.  l,f.  21,  22,  t.  U,f.  1-3.  Berk.  Outl.  t. 
18,/.  8.  Hogg  ^'  Johnst.  t.  15.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  21.  Price,/.  ^Q. 
Barla.  1. 14,/.  1-3.  Smith.  E.M.f.  6. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  3  in.  broad,  fleshy,  smooth,  viscid  when  moist,  depressed  ;  margin 
at  first  even,  more  or  less  furrowed  and  tubercledwhen  old,  pink,  livid,  olive, 
&c. ;  gills  broad,  equal,  sometimes  slightly  forked,  ventricose,  free,  connected 
by  veins  ;  spores  yellow ;  stem  1|  in.  long,  1  in.  thick,  blunt,  surface  longi- 
tudinally wrinkled  or  grooved,  solid,  spongy  within,  smooth,  white,  sometimes 
yellow.    Taste  mild,  pleasant ;  acrid  when  old. — M.J.B. 

638.  Russula  lutea.     Fr.     "  Yellow  Russula." 

Mild.  Pileus  rather  firm,  piano-depressed,  with  a  viscid  cu- 
ticle, becoming  pale ;  flesh  white  ;  margin  even  ;  stem  stuffed, 
then  hollow,  soft,  white ;  gills  free,  crowded,  connected  by  veins, 
egg-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.366.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  21. 

In  woods.     Scotland.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  piano-depressed,  rather  viscid,  yellow,  becoming  pale, 
rarely  white  ;  gills  connected  by  veins  ;  stem  more  or  less  hollow,  slender  j 
taste  mild ;  brittle. — Fries.  Spores  yellow,  echinulate,  diameter  •00032  in. 


639.  Russula  vitellina.    Fr.     "  Egg-yellow  Russula." 

Strong-scented,  mild.  Pileus  submembranaceous,  at  length 
tuberculoso-striate,  self-coloured ;  disc  minute,  rather  fleshy ; 
stem  thin  ;  gills  free,  seceding,  equal,  saffron-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  363.  Batsch.f.  72. 

In  fir  woods. 

Stem  equal,  scarcely  exceeding  an  inch  long,  2  lin.  thick.  Pileus  about  an 
inch  broad,  yellow,  then  becoming  pale.  Gills  distant,  ratherthick,  connected 
by  vein^.^Fries. 

640.  Russula  chamaeleontina.    Fr.     "  Chameleon  Russula." 

Mild,  fragile.  Pileus  fleshy,  plane  or  depressed,  pellicle  thin, 
discoloured,  viscid  ;  margin  smooth,  then  striate  ;  stem  hollow, 
white  ;  gills  much  crowded,  even,  furcate,  yellow. — Fr.  Obs.  i., 
wo.  89.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.{18e6),no.  1014. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe.     Sept.  30, 1863. 

Pileus  rosy-red,  purplish-lilac,  &c.,  ultimately  wholly  or  partially  yellow- 
ish, adnexed  or  free,  narrow. — Fries. 


AGAEICINI. 


227 


Gen.  11. 


CANTRARELLUS,  Adams.  Fung.  Ord.  Y. 


Spores  white  ;  veil  entirely  absent; 
pileus  fleshy  or  membranaceous ;  stem 
confluent  with  the  hymenophore^  or 
absent ;  gills  decurrent,  folded,  more 
or  less  thick  and  swollen,  branched ; 
tramafloccose.  {Fig  53.) 

Hab.  Growing  on  the  ground,  or 
on  rotten  wood,  moss,  etc. 

This  genus  holds  an  intermediate  place 
between  Agaricus  2iTidi  CrafereUus,  some  spe- 
cies beins:  close  to  one,  some  to  the  other 
genus.  Some  are  said  to  be  poisonous, 
others  edible. —  W.  G,  S. 


Fig.  53. 


641. 


Sect,  1.    Mesopodes. 
Cantharellus  cibaxius.     Fr.    "  Edible  Chantarelle." 


Egg-yellow.  Pileus  fleshy,  at  first  repand,  smooth,  at  length 
turbinate  ;  stem  solid,  attenuated  downwards ;  gills  thick,  distant, 
of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  365.  Grev.  t.  258.  ITogg  ^ 
Johnst.  1. 16.  Lenz.f.  27.  Kromhli.  t.  45,/.  1-11.  Vitt.  t.  25,/.  1. 
Sow.t.  46.  Batsch.f.  120.  Paul.t.  36.  Coohe  B.F.  t.  13,/.  1. 
Smith  E.M.f.  8.  Gard.  Chron.  (1860),p.  312.  Badh.  i.  t.  9,/  2, 
ii.^.  8,/.l.  Price f.U.  Barla.  t.  28,/.  7-15.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.  125. 
Vent.  ^.39,/.  3,  4. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent.  [United  States.] 

Subgregarious.  Pileus  1-4  in.  broad,  fleshy,  firm,  variously  lobed,  de- 
pressed, the  margin  vaulted,  smooth,  shining,  of  a  rich  yolk  of  egg  yellow, 
paler  when  dry,  flesh  white  or  yellowish.  Folds  much  sinuated,  but  evidently 
forked,  thick,  fleshy,  decurrent ;  stem  1-2  in.  high,  J-|  in.  thick,  attenuated 
downwards,  smooth,  tough,  yellow,  diffused  into  the  pileus.  Smell  very  agree- 
able like  that  of  ripe  apricots,  taste  agreeable,  but  pungent. — M.  J.  B.  Spores 
•0003  X  -0002  in. 

642.        Cantharellus  aurantiacus.    Fr.     "  False  Chantarelle." 

Nearly  orange-colour.  Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  depressed,  tomen- 
tose  ;  stem  stuffed,  unequal ;  gills  crowded,  straight,  darkej 
than  the  pileus. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  365.  Jacq.  Coll.  ii.  t.  14,/.  3. 
Batsch.f.Zl.  Sow.t.  ^\Z.  Schceff.t.20Q.  Berk.  Outl.p.  UJ.  1. 
Krombh.t.4:6,f.  3-6.  Smith  P. 31. /.Id. 


228  AGARICINI. 

In  fir  woods  and  on  heatlis.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Stem  at  len^li  hollow,  2  in.  long,  somewhat  curved  and  unequal,  ochra- 
ceous.  Pileus  soft,  depressed,  2-3  in.  broad,  sub-tomentose,  ochraceous- 
orange.  Margin  involute.  Gills  repeatedly  dichotomous  and  crowded,  dark- 
orange. 

643.  Cantharellus  Brownii.    B.^Br.     "  Brown's  Chantarelle." 

Ochraceous-wliite,  or  cream-coloured.  Pileus  thin,  convex, 
Bubumbonate  ;  stem  slender,  tough,  stuffed  ;  folds  rather  distant, 
linear,  extremely  narrow,  sometimes  forked,  obtusely  decurrent. 
B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  ser.  ii.,  vol.  ii.,j9.  262.  Berk.  Outl.p  216. 

Amongst  grass.     Oct.     Hitchin. 

Whole  plant  of  a  pale  ochraceous  cream  colour.  Pileus  orbicular,  thin, 
convex,  subumbonate,  h  in.  across,  sometimes  rather  larger,  obscurely  silky. 
Stem  slender,  I5-2  in.  high,  scarce  1  line  thick,  nearly  equal,  subfurfuraceous, 
furnished  ^vith  a  little  white  fibrillose  mycelium  at  the  base,  which  some- 
times forms  a  small  earthy  ball,  rather  tough,  stuffed.  Folds  linear,  very 
narrow,  someHmes  slightly  forked,  obtusely  decurrent,  insterstices  smooth, 
occasionally  quite  obsolete,  except  towards  the  margin.  Hymenium  nearly 
white. — £.  (b  Br. 

644.  Cantharellus  umbonatus.     P.     "  Umbonate  Chantarelle." 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  umbonate,  then  depressed,  flocculose, 
blackish-cinereous  ;  stem  stuffed,  equal,  paler  ;  gills  straight, 
crowded,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  365.  Jacq.  Coll.  ii.  1. 16,  /.  1.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  701. 

Amongst  moss.     Mossburnford.  [United  States.] 

Stem  3  in.  long,  about  4  lines  thick,  elastic,  villous  at  the  base,  cinereous. 
Pileus  1  in.  and  more  broad,  even,  dry,  between  flocculose  and  silky  dry. 
Flesh  soft,  white,  reddish  when  wounded. 

645.  Cantharellus  tubaeformis.    Fr.    "  Tubaeform  Chantarelle." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  infundibuliform,  re- 
pand,  and  lobed,  flocculose,  brownish,  turning  pale ;  stem  hollow, 
smooth,  orange-tawny,  at  length  compressed,  lacunose ;  gills 
thick,  distant,  niultifid-branching,  yellow  or  dingy,  naked. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  366.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2080,/.  1.  Pers.  Ic.  ^  Desc.  t.  6.  /.  1. 
Sturm,  t.  30.  Bait.  t.  23,/.  1.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  125.  Ann.  N.  H.  no. 
74.  Kromhh.t.AJ.S-lO.t.^Qj.l-^.  Berk,  exs.no.  UO. 

In  woods.     Aug. — Oct.  [United  States.] 

Gregarious.  Pileus  2  in.  broad,  thin,  at  first  convex,  at  length  much  un- 
dulated, depressed,  and  very  deeply  umbilieate,  occasionally  pervious,  scro- 
biculato-squamose,  brownish-yellow.  Folds  straight,  forked,  slightly  anas- 
tomosing, cinereous-yellow,  frosted  with  a  white  bloom.    Stem  2  in.  high. 


AGAEICINI.  229 

I  in.  thick,  hollow,  compressed,  thickest  downwards,  smooth,  slightly  downy 
at  the  base,  saffron-coloured,  brownish  yellow  above.  Spores  round,  white  — 
M.  J.  B.    Spores  -0003  X  -00018  in. 

Cantharellus  lutescen-s  (Bull.  t.  473,  f.  3)  has  a  paler  yellow  stem, 
and  the  gills  less  divided  ;  the  pileus,  moreover,  is  merely  umbilicate.  It  is 
scarcely  to  be  deemed  a  distinct  species,  and  occurs  in  the  same  localities 
with  the  above. — M.  J.  B. 


646.        Canthaxellus  infundibuliforznis.    Fr,     "  Funnel-shaped 

Chantarelle." 

Pileus  somewiiat  membranaceous,  umbilicate,  then  infundi- 
buliform,  floccoso-rugose,  dingy  yellow,  growing  pale ;  stem 
fistulose,  even,  smooth,  yellow  ;  gills  thick,  distant,  dichotomous, 
yellow  or  cinereous,  at  length  pruinose. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  366.  Sow. 
tA7.  Krombh.t.  4:,/.  S-10.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1617.  Vam.t.l2,f.d,H). 
Cooke  exs.  no.  226. 

In  woods. 

Stem  2-3  in.  long,  about  2  lin.  thick,  somewhat  thickened  at  the  base,  even, 
smooth,  always  yellow.  Pileus  1-2  in.  broad,  at  length  funnel-shaped, 
ordinarily  pervious  to  the  base,  when  moist  yellowish-cinereous  or  dingy, 
paler  when  dry,  margin  at  length  waved. 


647.  Cantharellus  radicosns.     B.  ^  Br.     "Rooting 

Chantarelle." 

Small.  Pileus  deeply  umbilicate,  floccose,  black  ;  stem  pallid, 
rooting  ;  hymenium  white  ;  gills  narrow. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
(1860),  720.  1134.  Saund.  ^  Sm.t.i.  C.  carbonariiis,A.^S.no. 
1129. 

On  charcoal  heaps,  &c.     vSept. — Nov. 

Pileus  f-1  in.  across,  deeply  umbilicate,  dark  brown  or  black,  rough,  with 
radiating  flocci ;  stem  rooting,  deeply  pallid;  gills  narrow,  white.  Two  or 
three  pilei  often  grow  from  the  same  obconical  root,  which  is  white  and 
spongy.— iJ.  d:Br.  Spores  -0035  X  '0002  in.— IF.  G.  S.  Apparently  not  the 
Cantharellus  carbonarias  of  Fries. 

648.  Cantharellus  cinereus.    Fr.     "  Grey  Chantarelle." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  infundibuliform,  pervious  to  the 
base,  villoso-squaraulose,  dingy  black  ;  stem  hollow,  of  the  same 
colour;  gillsthick, distant, cinereous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 366.  Krombh, 
t.  45,/.  12.  Bull.  t.  465,/.  2.  Bolt.  t.  34.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
1865,no.  1016*-1139*.    Eng.Fl.Y. p. 126.  Letell.  t.  6S4.. 


230  AGARICINI, 

In  woods.  Rare.  Halifax.  Near  Worcester  (E.L.)  Burn^ 
ham  Beeches.  [United   States.] 

Spores  •00035  X  *00022  in.     Sporophores  obtuse.  (Fig.  53,  reduced.) 

Sect.  2.    Pleuropus. 

649.  Cantharellus  muscigenus.    Fr.    **  Moss  Chanterelle." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  spatbulate,  horizontal,  smooth, 
zoned,  brown,  then  whitish-cinereous  ;  stem  lateral,  short,  villous 
at  the  base ;  gills  swollen,  distant,  branched,  of  the  same  colour. 
—Fr.Epicr.p.^^^.  Bull.  t.28S,4.d8.f.l.  Nees.f.2S6.  Eng. 
Ft.  v.p.  127.   Schn.  Sturm,  t.  3. 

On  the  larger  mosses.     Berwick.    Bristol.     [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  membranaceous,  tough,  nearly  semicircular,  somewhat  zoned, 
slightly  undulated,  dirty-white,  cinereous,  or  dingy.  Folds  somewhat  tumid, 
divergent,  scarcely  anastomosing,  confluent  behind  j  stem  villous  at  the  base, 
sometimes  obsolete. — FHes. 

Sect.  3.     Resupinati. 

650.  Cantharellus  lobatus.     Fr.     "  Lobed  Chantarelle." 

Membranaceous,  sessile,  horizontal,  lobed,  brown  ;  gills  fold- 
like, distinct,  branched,  divergent. — Fr.  Fjncr.p.  369.  Fl.  Dan. 
f.  1077.  Bolt.  1. 177.  Eng.  Fl.Y. p.  127. 

On  mosses,  in  swamps. 

Pileus  2  lines,  1^  in.  broad,  membranaceous,  horizontal,  often  at  length 
vertical,  attached  laterally  by  a  few  byssoid  fibres,  which  sometimes  run  down 
the  moss  for  some  distance,  pale,  cinereous  umber ;  margin  nearly  white, 
under  a  lens  most  minutely  scabrous,  as  if  it  were  innato-fibrillose,  occa- 
sionally there  are  two  or  three  faint  zones.  Hymenium  paler,  consisting  oi 
radiating;  more  or  less  anastomosing  wrinkles,  with  many  connecting  reticulate 
veins.  Spores  round,  rather  large.  When  old  often  very  much  lobed  and 
crisped,  and  then  the  wrinkles,  especially  at  the  base,  are  reticulate,  though 
towards  the  margin  they  continue  distinct. — 3f.  J.  B. 

651.  Cantharellus  retirugus.    Fr.     "  Furrowed  Chantarelle." 

Membranaceous,  expanded,  repand,  lobed,  whitish  cinereous, 
fixed  behind  with  little  threads  ;  gills  radiating  from  the  centre, 
very  thin,  reticulated. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  369.  Bull.t.4z98,f.  1.  Sow. 
t.  348.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  14,/.  2. 

On  mosses,  in  swamps.      King's  Cliffe. 

Similar  to  C.  lobatus,  but  the  gills  are  thinner  and  reticulated.  Pileus 
membranaceous,  sub-rotund,  3-5  lin.  broad,  margin  at  first  entire,  then  split, 
cinereous-white  above,  darker  beneath. 


AGAEICINI. 


231 


Gen.  12. 


NYCTALIS,  Fr.  Gen.  Hymen. 


Fig.  54 


Veil  universal,  floccoso-pruinose ; 
pileus  in  the  British  species  fleshy 
and  pminose  or  pulverulent  ;  stem 
confluent  with  the  hymenophore ;  gills 
broad,  simple,  unequal,  thick,  fleshy, 
juicy,  or  suhgelatinous,  edge  obtuse, 
not  descending  on  the  stem. 

(Fig.  54.; 

Hab.  The  British  species  are  small 
and  parasitic  on  other  Agarics. 

This  genus  consists  of  fleshy  putrescent 
Fungi.  Some  species  grow  in  subterranean 
passages. 


652.         Nyctalis  asterophora.     Fr.     "  Star-bearing  Nyctalis." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  conical,  then  hemispherical,  cuticle 
flocculoso-pruinose,  breaking  up  into  a  fawn-coloured  stratum; 
stem  stuff'ed,  pruinose,  then  brownish,  twisted;  gills  adnate,  dis- 
tant, rather  forked,  straight,  dingy. — Fr.Epicr.p.  371.  Bull.  t. 
516,/ 1.    Sturm,  t.  26. 

On.  dead  Eussula  nigricans.    Common.    [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Stem  scarcely  exceeding  |  an  in.,  J-l  lin.  thick,  equal,  twisted,  at  first 
whitish  and  pruinose,  then  brownish.  Pileus  white  when  young,  papillate, 
then  cracking,  pulverulent  and  fawn-coloured.  Gills  thick.  The  powder  of 
the  pileus  consists  of  the  stellate  bodies,  constituting  the  spores  in  the  genus 
Alsterophora.    Diameter  '00055  in.    Spores  '0001  X  "00005  in. 

(Fig.  54,  natural  size.) 


653. 


Nyctalis  parasitica.    Fr.     "Parasitic  Nyctalis." 


Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  conical,  then  expanded,  unecjual,  cuticle 
persistent,  grey,  pruinose ;  stem  minutely  fistulose,  flocculoso- 
villous,  whitish  ;  gills  adnate,  thick,  distant,  at  length  contorted 
and  anastomosing,  brownish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  372.  Bull.  t.  574,/. 
2.  Sow.t.o-^^.  Berk.  Outl.t.ld,/.  2.  Eng.Fl.  y.  p.  52.  Berk, 
exs.  no.  130. 

On  Russula  adusta  and  B.  fastens. 

Pileus  I  in.  broad,  conico-campanulate,  silky,  sub-carnose,  somewhat 
irregular,  grey,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  umber  at  the  apex,  flesh  dark  ;  gills 
darker  than  the  pileus,  paler  at  the  edges,  thick,  distant,  somewhat  forked 
and  anastomosing,  connected  by  veins,  broader  towards  the  apex,  slightly 
adnate,  ventricose;  stem  1-2  in.  high,  1  line  thick,  thickest  downwards,  very 
silky,  especially  at  the  base,  crisp,  dark  within.  Odour  like  Polyjporus  squa- 
mosus, — M.  J.  -B. 


232 


AGARICINI. 


Gen.  13.  WARASMIUS,  Fr. 

Spores  white,  sub-elliptical ;  pileus 
tough,  fleshy,  or  membranaceous ; 
stem  central  (in  one  species  it  is 
absent),  confluent  with  the  hymeno- 
phorc,  but  of  a  different  texture  ; 
gills  thick,  tough,  and  coriaceous, 
confluent  at  the  base,  generally  dis- 
tant, and  rarely  decurrent,  with  a 
sharp  entire  edge.         (Fig.  55.^ 

Hab.  Epiphytal,  or  growing  on 
decayed  leaves,  or  the  roots  of  grasses. 

This  genus,  closely  allied  to  Colhjhia, 
commences  the  series  of  Agarics  that  are 
not  putrescent,  but  which  dry  up  vsdth  drought,  and  come  to  life  with  rain. 
This  biological  character  is  of  great  importance ;  by  its  neglect  species  nearly 
related  have  been  widely  separated.  The  texture  of  all  the  species  is  tough, 
distinguishing  them  from  the  preceding.  The  species  are  mostly  small  and 
Blender.  Some  are  edible,  others  have  an  offensive,  foetid,  or  alliaceous 
BmQ\\—W.O.S. 


634. 


Sect.  1.     Collyhim. 
S/Iairasxnius  uxens.     Fr.     "  Stinging  Marasmius. 


Acrid.  Pileus  between  fleshy  and  coriaceous,  convex,  then 
plane,  smooth,  even,  at  length  wrinkled  or  rivulose  ;  stem  fibrous, 
solid,  rigid,  pallid,  mealy  with  white  fibrils,  and  clothed  with 
white  down  at  the  base  ;  gills  free,  joined  behind,  pallid,  some- 
what yellowish,  becoming  brownish,  at  length  remote,  distant, 
firm.— i^r.  Epicr.  p.  373.  Bull  t.  528,/.  1.  Fl.Dan.  t.  2018,/.  1. 
Berk.  Outl.t.UJ.B.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  27b.  Price,/.  Id.  Smith. 
P.M.f.  30. 

In  woods. 

Gregarious,  cgespitose.  Stem  2-3  in.  long,  3  lin.  thick,  equal,  clothed 
everywhere  with  white  flocci,  pallid,  villous  at  the  base.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad, 
pinkish-tawny  ;  margin  thin,  involute.  Taste  acrid,  stinging.  Spores  "0001 
X  -00012  in. 

655.  Marasmius  pexonatus.     Fr.     •'  Masked  Marasmius." 

Acrid.  Pileus  between  coriaceous  and  membranaceous,  con- 
vexo-plane,  opaque,  at  length  lacunose  ;  margin  striate ;  stem 
fibrous,  stuffed,  outer  coat  villous,  yellow,  then  rufescent,  base 
peronate  and  strigose ;  gills  adnexed,  seceding,  rather  thin  and 


AGAEICINl.  233 

crowded,  pallid,  then  nifescent. — Fr.Epicr.p.^lZ.  Bolt.  t.  58. 
Sow.  t.  37.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2018,  /.  2.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 14,/.  4.  Eng.  Fl. 
Y.p.  47.  Cooke,  B.F.  1. 14,/.  2.  Be7^k.  exs.  no.  125. 

In  woods,  amongst  leaves.     Common. 

Pileus  l-2j  in.  broad,  convex  or  campanulate,  at  length  expanded,  some- 
times Timbonate,  carnoso-coriaceous,  subrufesoent  or  yellowish,  pallid  when 
dry,  clothed  with  a  minute  matted  siikiness.  Gills  of  the  colour  of  the  pileus, 
with  a  yellowish  margin,  distant,  rounded  behind,  almost  free.  Stem  2-3 
in.  high,  2  lines  thick,  solid  above  and  downy,  hollow  below,  and  there  covered 
with  dense  yellow  strigse.  Taste  acrid. — J/.  J.B,  Spores  pip-shaped,  "00028 
X  "OOOlo  in.  (Fij.  55,  reJd.vbced.) 

656.  Marasmius  porreus.    Ft.     "  Garlic  Marasmius." 

Strong  scented.  Pileus  between  coriaceous  and  membranaceous, 
convex,  then  expanded,  striate,  floccid,  disc  of  the  same  colour, 
even ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  tough,  without  juice,  incras- 
sated  at  either  end,  reddish-brown,  pubescent  ;  gills  free,  seced- 
ing, distant,  firm,  yellowish,  becoming  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  374. 
Sow.  t.  81.    Bull.  t.  158.    Eng.  FL  v.  p.  48. 

In  woods,  amongst  leaves.     Sept. — Nov. 

Smell  strong  of  garlic,  persistent  sometimes  for  years  in  dried  specimens. 
Pileus  |-1  in.  broad,  plane,  slightly  depressed,  dirty  white,  with  a  brownish 
shade,  paler  on  the  margin,  which  is  membranaceous,  and  regularly  striate. 
Gills  nearly  free,  paler  than  the  pileus,  slightly  connected  by  veins.  Stem 
2-3  in.  high,  2-3  lines  thick,  velvety,  albido-pulverulent,  rufescent,  tomentose 
below,  pale  above,  fistulose.— i3/. /. ^.  Spores  pip-shaped,  •00015  X  "00025 
in. 

657.  Marasmius  oxeades.     Fr.     "  Fairy-ring  Champignon." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  convexo-plane,  then  somewhat  umbonate, 
smooth,  growing  pale ;  stem  solid,  equal,  naked,  with  a  villous 
interwoven  coat,  pallid,  base  naked  ;  gills  free,  broad,  distant, 
cream-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  375.  Bolt.  t.  151.  Grev.  t.  323. 
Vitt.  1. 10,/.  1.  Kromhh.  t.  43,/.  11-16.  Sow.  t.  247.  Scliceff.  t.  77. 
Bull.  1. 144,  528,/  2.  Paul.  1. 103,/  1-4.  Price/.  11.  Cooke, 
B.F.  1. 14,/  1.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 14,/  5.  Eng.  Fl  .y.p.  48.  Card. 
Chron.  {I860),  p.  190.  Trans.  Woolh.  CI.  [18Q7),t.  xii.  Smith. 
E.M.f.  28.  Badh.  i.  t.  8,f.  3,  ii.  t.  7./  4. 

In  exposed  pastures,  forming  rings.     Common.     Esculent. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

Gregarious.  Pileus  |-1|-  in.  broad,  smooth,  fleshy,  convex,  at  length  nearly 
plane,  more  or  less  umbonate,  generally  more  or  less  compressed  and  sinuate, 
tough,  coriaceous,  elastic,  wrinkled,  and  sometimes  cracked,  watery  brown, 
as  it  becomes  dry  cream-coloured,  margin  palej  flesh  white,  quite  distinct 


234  AGAEICINI. 

from  that  of  the  stem.  Gills  free,  pale,  distant,  slightly  ventricose.  Stem 
1-2  in.  high,  2-3  lines  thick,  equal,  solid,  very  tough,  the  outer  coat  squamu- 
loso-fibrous,  base  downy,  somewhat  rooting,  and  attached  to  the  roots  of 
grass.    Taste  and  odour  strong  but  agreeable. — M.  J.  B. 

658.  Marasmius  fusco-purpuzeus.     Fr,     "Purple-brown 

Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileiis  rather  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  sub-umbilicate, 
grooving  pale;  stem  fistulose,  smooth,  without  juice,  brown- 
purple,  base  rubiginous,  strigose ;  gills  annulato-adnexed,  at 
length  free,  distant,  rufescent. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  377.  Pers.  Ic.  ^ 
Desc.tA^f.1-3.  Eng.  Fl.\.p.4.^.  Mag,  Zool.  4'  Bot.  no.  Al. 
Berk,  exs.no.  127. 

In  woods,  amongst  leaves.     Common. 

Stem  short,  scarcely  exceeding  1  in.  long,  1-2  lin.  thick,  smooth,  at  first 
pallid,  then  rufous  or  blackish  purple,  with  a  strigose,  rubiginous,  woolly 
base.  Pileus  ^-1  in.  broad,  brownish  purple,  growing  pale,  tan-coloured  and 
rugulose. 

659.  lyiarasmius  Wynnei.     B.J)' Br.     "Wynne's  Marasmius." 

Inodorous,  ceespitose.  Pileus  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  subum- 
bonate,  lilac  brown,  tardily  changing  colour  ;  stem  fistulose,  of 
the  same  colour,  furfuraceous ;  gills  thick,  distant,  adnexed, 
bright  coloured.— ^6r/j.  Outl.p.  220, 1. 19./.  3.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  802. 

Amongst  leaves,  twigs,  &c.     Coed  Coch. 

Gregarious  or  csespitose.  Pileus  1-1|-  in.  across,  variously  tinged  with  brown 
and  lilac,  not  rapidly  changing  colour,  umbonate,  sHghtly  fleshy.  Stem  2  in.  , 
high,  1|  line  thick,  rather  paler  than  the  pileus,  fistulose,  furfuraceous, 
springing  from  a  white  mycelium,  but  by  no  means  strigose  or  tawny  at  the 
base.  Gills  distant,  thick,  moderately  broad,  adnexed,  beautifully  tinged 
with  lilac  ;  interstices  even. — B.  d:  Br. 

660.  Marasmius  erythropus.     Fr.     " Pallid  Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  then  obtuse, 
even,  turning  pale,  at  length  rugose  ;  stem  fistulose,  striate, 
smooth,  dark-red,  somewhat  pruinose  when  dry,  base  whitish, 
strigose  ;  gills  free,  seceding,  broad,  lax,  connected  by  veins, 
quite  entire,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr,  p.  378.  Kromb.  t.  3,/.  8.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  65. 

Amongst  leaves,  near  stumps.  [Cincinnati.] 

Stem  tough,  2-3  in.  and  more  long,  2  Un.  thick,  at  length  compressed, 
blackish-red,  smooth  above,  paler  from  the  first,  base  strigose.  Pileus  about 
an  inch  broad,  pallid,  with  a  pinkish  tinge.     Gills  broad,  lax. 


AGARICIXI.  235 

661.  Marasmius  terginus.     Fr.     "  Clustered  Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convexo-plane,  obtuse, 
shining,  whitish  ;  stem  fistulose,  smooth  above,  shining,  pallid, 
reddish  below,  whitish-villous,  rooting ;  gills  seceding,  free, 
scarcely  crowded,  narrow,  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  377.  B.  ^^  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  1866,^.  55.  M.  Stephensii,  B.  ^-Br.  Ann.  N.H.  ser.  ii. 
vol.  xiii.^.  403,  no.  708. 

Amongst  dead  beech  leaves.     Dursley. 

Fasciculated.  Pileus  |-1  in.  across,  depressed  and  wrinkled  in  the  centre, 
opaque,  tough,  cream-coloured,  stained  with  vinous  red,  especially  when 
bruised;  flesh  white,  thin;  stem  1-2  in.  high,  hollow,  twisted,  white  and 
mealy  above,  quite  smooth  and  shining  below,  of  a  rich  light  nut-brown  ; 
gills  few  and  distant,  rather  broad,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus.  Taste 
and  smell  like  that  of  M.  oreades. — B.  cb  Br. 

662.  Marasmius  impudicus.     Fr.    "Strong-scented 

Marasmius." 

Foetid.  Pileus  rather  fleshy,  tough,  convexo-plane,  then  de- 
pressed ;  margin  at  length  striate  and  plicate,  growing  pale ; 
stem  fistulose,  equal,  purplish,  when  dry  everywhere  velvety- 
white,  base  naked,  rooting ;  gills  nearly  free,  ventricose,  flesh- 
colour,  then  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  377.  Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1870, 
p.  11.  Fr.  Mon.  Hym.  ii.p.  222. 

On  and  about  pine  trunks.     Hanham. 

Small,  gregarious.  Stem  easily  compressed,  2  in.  long,  1  line  thick,  vary- 
ing from  rufous,  rufous-brown,  to  violet.  Pileus  |-1  in.  broad,  bay -brown 
or  rufous,  growing  pale ;  margin  membranaceous,  paler. 

663.  Marasmius  archyxopus.     Fr.    '•  Tan-coloured  Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  rather  fleshy,  convexo-plane  or  depressed, 
smooth,  growing  pale  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  rigid,  straight, 
pallid,  rufous  beneath  the  white  tomentose  bark,  base  similar ; 
gills  adnexed,  seceding,  crowded,  linear,  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
378.  Pers.M.E.t.2bJ.^.  Ann.N.R.  no.216. 

Amongst  leaves.     Eare.     Bristol.       [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Fasciculate.  Pileus  about  an  inch  across,  tan-coloured.  Stem  scarcely  1 
lin.  thick. 

664.  Marasmius scorodonius.  Fr.  "Strong-scented Marasmius." 

Strong-scented.  Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  tough,  even,  soon 
plane,  rugulose,  and  crisped  ;  stem  fistulose,  equal,  quite  smooth, 
shining,  rufous;  gills  adnate,  crisp,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  379. 


236  AGARICINI. 

Sv.  Bot.  1. 175.  Schceff.  t.  99.  Paul.  1. 104,/.  10, 11.  Lenz.f.  17. 
Eng.Fl.Y.pA^. 

Heaths  and  dry  pastures.     Rare.     Esculent. 

[S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  \  in.  or  more  broad,  plane,  rugulose  ;  gills  connected  by  veins,  se- 
ceding. Stem  1  in.  or  more  high,  nearly  1  line  thick,  scarcely  rooting,  with 
a  strong  alliaceous  odour. — Fries. 

665.  lyiarasmius  Vaillantii.     Fr.     "Vaillant's  Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  submembranaceous,  tougli,  soon  expanded, 
depressed,  plicato-rugose, turning  whitish  •  stem  stuffed,  smooth, 
bright  brown,  thickened  above  and  paler  ;  gills  broad,  adnata, 
thick,  distant,  white.— i^r.^7?zcr,  ;9. 380.  VatlLt.  11,/.  21-23. 
Buxh.  iv.  t.  36,  f.  2.  Mich.  t.  74,  /  4.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  53.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  66. 

On  dead  wood.     Sept.  [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  J  in.  broad,  plane,  now  and  then  depressed,  striato-rugose  ;  gilla 
distinct,  simple,  triangular,  and  thence  apparently  decurrent ;  stem  1  in. 
high,  very  tough,  yellowish  when  young,  base  smooth,  black,  even  and  shi- 
ning, the  middle  bay,  the  apex  whitish,  most  minutely  pruinose. — Fries- 

666.  Marasmius  angulatus.     Pers.     "Angular  Marasmius." 

Gregarious,  small.  Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous, 
at  first  hemispherical,  then  becoming  plane,  at  length  angularly 
plicate,  whitish  tawny;  gills  distant,  paler  ;  stem  slender,  fistu- 
lose,  greyish-rufescent. — B.  ^  Br. Ann.  N.  H.  (1865J  no.  1018. 
Ar/aricus  angulatus,  Pers,  Myc.  Eur.  iii.,  p.  155,  tab.  26,  /.  3-4. 
^jicli.  ^74,/.  4. 

On  grass.     Cefn,  Denbighshire,  just  above  the  Bone  cave. 

Very  different  from  M.  Vaillojitii,  to  which  Fries  refers  it. — M. ./.  B. 

Stem  dry,  rigid,  slightly  thickened  towards  either  extremity,  slightly  hairy 
at  the  base ;  gills  white  when  young,  brownish  when  mature,  equal ;  pileus 
dry,  mutable  in  form,  at  first  globose,  then  flattened  or  concave;  margin 

angularly  crenulate. — Pers. 

667.  Marasmius  languidus.     Fr.     "  Languid  Marasmius." 

Inodorous,  whitish.  Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  convex,  gibbous, 
or  umbilicate,  flocculose,  rugoso-sulcate  ;  stem  stuff'ed,  incras- 
Bated  upwards,  pallid,  naked,  brownish  downwards;  gills adnate 
then  decurrent,  distant,  broad,  connected  by  veins. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
879.  Pers.  Myc.  Eur.  iii.  t.  26,  f.  6.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1865) 
710. 1017.  Batt.t.  27,  f.  0. 


AGAEICINI.  237 

On  dead  leaves  of  grass.     Coed  Coeh. 

Small,  gregarious,  tough,  inodorous.  Stem  scarcely  an  inch  long,  J-llin. 
thick,  brownish  below,  usually  villous.  Pileus  at  first  convex,  margin  invo- 
lute, I  in.  broad,  white,  with  a  pinkish  or  yellowish  tinge. 

668.  Marasmius  fcetidus.     Fr,     "  Foetid  Marasmius." 

Foetid.  Pileus  submembranaceous,  toiigb,  convex,  then  ex- 
panded and  umbilicate,  striato-plicate,  turning  pale  when  dry, 
Bubpruinose  ;  stem  fistulose,  velvety  or  pruinose,  bright  brown, 
base  flocculose  ;  gills  annulato-adnexed,  distant,  rufous-yellow. 
—Fr.  Epkr.  p.  380.  Sow.  t.  21.  Eng.  FL  v.;;.  54. 

On  decayed  twigs.     Rare. 

Pileus  5-f  in.  broad,  convex,  rarely  quite  plane,  plicate,  reddish-brown, 
thin,  glabrous  ;  gills  adnate,  yellow,  narrow,  distant  ;  stem  1  in.  high,  thin, 
dark  brown,  minutely  velvety  or  hairy. — Grev.  At  the  base  is  a  small  radi- 
ated membrane.     Scent  like  that  of  garlic. 

669.  Mazasmius  amadelphus.  Fr.  "  Pallid-branch  ^ilarasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  between  fleshy  and  membranaceous,  obtuse, 
convex,  then  plane  and  depressed,  discoid,  subj^ruinose  ;  margin 
at  length  striate  ;  stem  stuffed,  short,  pallid,  bright  brown  below, 
rather  mealy ;  gills  broadly  adnate,  distant,  broad,  pallid. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  380.     Bull.  t.  550,/.  3.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  277. 

On  dead  branches.     Rare.     Bristol.      Bath. 

Gregarious,  dry.  Stem  short,  about  A  in.  long,  scarcely  1  lin.  thick,  some- 
what mealy,  pallid.  Pileus  3-4  lin.  broad,  always  obtuse,  at  length  with  the 
darker  disc  depressed,  pinkish-tawny,  becoming  pallid,  sometimes  nearly 
white. 

670.  IVZarasmius  ramealis.     Fr.     "  Twig  Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  plane  or  depressed,  ob- 
tuse, without  stri«,  rugulose,  opaque  ;  stemstufl'ed,  short,  mealy, 
white,  rufous  below  ;  gills  adnate,  rather  distant,  narrow,  white. 
--Fr.  Epicr.p.  381.  Bull.  t.  336.  Mich.  t.  74:,  f.  7.  Eng.  FLy. 
p.  52.  Berl'.  exs.  no.  10. 

On  dry  dead  branches.     Common.  [United  States,] 

Gregarious.  Pileus  3-4  lines  broad,  plano-convex,  at  length  wrinkled  and 
depressed,  pale  rufescent.  the  centre  darker,  under  a  lens  clothed  with  mi- 
nute matted  silkiness.  Gills  distant,  adnate,  sometimes  broad  behind,  whitish 
or  subrufescent.  Margin  denticulate.  Stem  |--f  in.  high,  ^  line  thick,  curved, 
fibrillose,  with  furfuraceous  scales,  the  base  minutely  dilated,  whitish  or  sub- 
rufescent.— 21.  J.  B. 


238  AGARICINI. 

Sect.  2,     Mycena. 

671.  IHIarasmius  alliaceus.    Fr.    "  Onion-scented  Marasmius." 

Strong-scented.  Pileus  submembranaccous,  campanulate,  then 
expanded,  subumbonate,  at  first  even,  then  sulcate, growing  pale; 
stem  borny,  tall,  rigid,  velvety  or  pruinose,  black;  base  rooting, 
naked  ;  gills  free,  brownisb  white. — Fr.  Ejiicr.p.  383.  Jacq.  Aus. 
<.  82.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1261.  Mich.t.7S,f.  4:.  Paul.  1. 122,  f.l.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.66. 

In  woods.     Rare.  [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Garlic-scented.  Pileus  1  in.  or  more  broad,  at  length  plane,  subumbonate, 
even,  or  obsoletely  striate,  becoming  pallid.  Stemlopg,  attenuated  upwards, 
rigid,  rather  horny,  incurved  at  the  base  and  rooting. — Fries.  Root  crooked, 
thick,  knotty,  sunk  about  an  inch  into  the  earth,  and  always  attached  to 
rotten  wood. —  With. 

672.  MaYasmius  caulicinalis.      F7'.      "  Mealy-stemmed  Maras- 

mius." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  camj)anulato-convex,  obtuse,  smooth, 
even,  then  striato-sulcate  ;  stem  fistulose,  flocculose,  bay,  attenu- 
ated above  and  paler,  farinose  ;  gills  adnato-decurrent,  connected 
by  veins,  yellow.— i^r.  Epicr.p.  383.  B.  4^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866) 
710.1136.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.b4.1 

On  the  ground,  amongst  leaves.     Nov.     Ascot. 

Pileus  smooth,  white  tinged  with  ochre,  at  length  sulcato-striate. 

673.  IVIazasxnius  rotula.     Fr.     "  Collared  Marasmius." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  slightly  convex,  umbilicate,  plicate ; 
stem  horny,  fistulose,  shining,  quite  smooth,  blackish ;  gills  few, 
broad,  distant,  attached  to  a  free  collar  behind,  pallid,  white. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  38d.  Sow.t.Qo.  Built.  6^,  669,/.  3.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 
1134.  3fich.t.7A,f.6.  Berk.Outl.t.U,/.!.  Fng.Fl.Y.p.  63. 
Cooke  exs.  no.  302.  Berk.  exs.  no.  62. 

On  fallen  twigs,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-3  lines  broad,  hemispherical,  umbilicate  and  minutely  umbonate, 
plaited,  smooth ;  margin  crenate,  white,  or  pale  buff,  with  a  dark  umbilicus. 
Gills  broad,  distant,  equal,  or  occasionally  with  a  few  short  ones,  colour  of 
the  pileus,  connate  behind,  and  separating  from  the  stem,  so  as  to  present 
the  appeai'ance  of  being  fixed  to  a  free  collar  surrounding  the  stem.  Stem 
setiform,  slightly  flexuous,  Avhite  above,  then  tawny,  deep  shining  brown  at 
the  base,  striate,  fistulose,  frequently  branched  and  sarmentose,  with  or 
without  abortive  pilei, — M.  J.  B. 


AGAEICINI.  239 

674.  Mazasmius  gxaxuinuxn.    B.^'Br.     "  Grass  Marasmius." 

Pileus  nearly  plane,  umbonate,  sulcate,  very  pale  rufous,  the 
furrows  paler,  umbo  brown ;  stem  quite  smooth,  shining,  black, 
white  above ;  gills  few,  sub-ventricose,  cream-coloured,  attached 
to  a  free  collar. — Berk.OutLt.  14:,  f.  8.  Agaricus graminum,  Lih. 
Ex.no.  119. 

On  leaves  of  grass.     Aug.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Scarcely  exceeding  3  lines  in  breadth.     Gills  even,  with  veiny  interstices. 

675.  Marasmius  androsaceus.    Fr.     "Black-stemmed 

Marasmius." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  slightly  convex,  sub-umbilicate,  striate, 
smooth  ;  stem  horny,  fistulose,  quite  smooth,  black  ;  gills  adnate, 
distinct,  simple,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  385.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1551,/. 
1.  Bolt.  t.  32.  Soiu.t.d4:.  Bull.t.66d,f.2.  Bocc.t.  104:.  Eng. 
Fl.  V.  p.  53.  Be7'h.  exs.  no.  131. 

On  leaves,  &c.,  in  woods.     Common.      [United  States.] 

Pileus  3-6  lines  broad,  convex,  with  a  slight  depression,  pale  rufescent, 
darker  in  the  centre,  grooved  and  notched,  under  a  lens  clothed  with  a  minute 
matted  silkiness.  Gills  adnate,  sometimes  quite  simple  (about  15),  with 
shorter  ones  between,  and  no  rugse,  occasionally  forked,  with  wrinkles  in  the 
interstices.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  filiform,  quite  smooth,  shining-black,  twisted 
when  dry,  often  branched,  and  sarmentose  at  the  base. — M.  J.  B. 

676.  ZVIaxasxnius  pezfozans.    Fr.     "  Fir-leaf  Marasmius." 

Foetid.  Pileus  sub-membranaceous,  becoming  nearly  plane, 
without  striee,  rugulose,  smooth  ;  stem  fistulose,  equal,  velvety, 
dark-bay,  inserted  at  the  base ;  gills  adnate,  simple,  whitish, 
frequently  dimidiate. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  385.  Hoff.  t.  4,/.  2.  Schcsff. 
t.  239.  Batsch.f.  10. 

On  fir  leaves.     Scotland.  [United  States.] 

Stem  tough,  about  an  inch  high,  equal,  velvety,  bay,  then  black.  Pileus 
4  lin.  broad,  rarely  depressed,  not  umbilicate,  without  striae,  at  length 
rugulose,  whitish,  then  pale  reddish.     Gills  numerous,  simple,  unequal. 

677.  Maxasmius  insititius.    Fr.     "Homy-stemmed 

Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  membranaceous,  tough,  convexo-plane, 
sub-umbilicate,  unpolished,  at  length  plicato-sulcate ;  stem 
homy,  fistulose,  floccose  or  mealy,  reddish-brown,  attenuated 
downwards  to  the  simple  inserted  base ;  gills  broadly  adnate, 


240  AGARICINI. 

attenuated  in  front,  distant,  simple,  unequal,  pallid,  wliite. — Fr. 
Ejncr.  p.  38G.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  14,/.  G.  Arj.  calopus,  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
266. 

On  leaves,  decayed  grass,  &c.  [Up.  Carolina.] 

Grej^arious,  dry,  scentless.  Stem  scarcely  an  inch  long.  Pileus  unpolished, 
t  in.  broad,  even  when  young,  then  plicato-sulcate,  white.  With  the  habit 
of  M .  Vaillantii. 

678.  Marasmius  Hudsoni.      Fr.     "  Hudson's  Marasmius." 

Inodorous.  Pileus  membranaceous,  hemispherical,  rugulose  ; 
stem  horny,  filiform,  dark  purple,  beset — as  well  as  the  pileus — 
with  scattered  purple  hairs  ;  gills  adnexed,  narrow,  simple,  white, 
alternately  dimidiate. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  8SG.  Sow.t.  164.  Desm. 
ears.  710.  669.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.bb.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  708, t.x.Y.f.  3.  A. 
pilosus,  Hud.  Fl.  Ang. 

On  fallen  holly  leaves.     Winter. 

Pileus  3  lines  broad,  convex,  almost  hemispherical,  white,  clothed  with 
red.  erect,  subrigid  hairs.  Gills  dirty  white.  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  filiform, 
whitish,  red-brown,  or  reddish,  somewhat  hairy  at  the  base. — Hudson. 

The  whole  of  the  outer  surface  of  the  pileus  is  clothed  with  echinulate 
processes,  and  the  spores  are  fusiform,  "0004  in.  long,  with  a  central  nucleus. 
—B.  it  Br. 

679.  Marasmius  epiphyllus.     Fr.     "  Leaf  Marasmius." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  nearly  plane,  at  length  umbilicate, 
smooth,  plicato-rugose ;  stem  rather  horny,  fistulose,  finely 
velvety  ;  bright  brown  below,  inserted  ;  gills  adnate,  few, 
distant,  entire,  veined,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.386.  Trat.Aus.f. 
22.  Fl.Dan.t.Wd^J.l.  Sow.t.  93.  Bait.  t.  28,  f.  D.  Batsch. 
/.  84.  Pers.Ic.  4'Desc.t.9j.7,8.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.bo.  Berk.exs. 
no.  11. 

On  fallen  leaves,  twigs,  &c.     Common.      [United  States.] 

Pileus  3  lines  broad,  plane,  at  length  umbilicate,  cream-coloured,  rugose  ; 
gills  veiny,  branched,  adnate,  broad  at  the  base  ;  in  large  specimens  they 
are  seen  to  form  a  close  collar  round  the  stem,  which  is  evident  when  the 
gills  are  almost  obsolete  ;  margin  of  the  collar  cream  coloured  ;  stem  1-2  in. 
high,  filiform,  brown  or  blackish  below,  paler  upwards,  minutely  velvety. — 
M.J.B. 

680.  Blarasmms  saccharinus.     Fr.    *' Granular  Marasmius." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  convex,  sub-papillate,  smooth,  sulcata 
and  plicate;  stem  very  thin,  flocculose,  becoming  smooth,  inserted 


AGAEICIXI. 


241 


obliquely,  reddisli;  gills  broadly  adnate,  narrow,  thick,  very  dis- 
tant, connected  by  yeins,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  ^^Q.  Batsch.f. 
83. 

On  dead  twigs.     Rare.     King's  Cliffe. 

Differs  from  M.  epiphtjllus  in  the  pileus  being  at  first  papillate,  and  the 
stem  flocculose,  then  smooth;  the  gills  united  in  a  reticulated  manner. 


681. 


Sect.  3.     Stemless. 

nZarasmius  spodoleucus.     B.  ^-  Br, 

mius." 


"  Stemless  Maras- 


Conchiform,  resnpinate,  margin  at  length  free,  cinereous  aboYe, 
pnlrerulent  or  slightly  furfuraceous ;  stem  wanting;  gills  few, 
white;  interstices  eyen. — B.  'yBr.Ann.N.H.^May,l^h^.  Berk. 
Outl.p.224:.  Ann.  N.H.  710.  803. 

On  dead  elm  twisrs,     Batheaston. 


•■ID-- 


About  2  lines  across,  resuiDinate,  altogether  stemless.  conchiform  ;  margin 
free,  arched,  above  cinereous,  pulverulent,  or  slightly  t'urfuraceous.  Hyme- 
nium  white,  very  even.  Gills  few,  narrow,  entire,  so  short  as  to  leave  a  naked 
space  at  the  base. — B.d:Br.    Spores  very  small,  '0000  S  X  '00006  in. 


Gen.  14. 


LENTINUS,  Fr.  Ep.  45. 


Spores  white  ;  jiilens  fleshy,  coria- 
ceous, tough,  hard,  and  dry  ;  stem 
hard  and  often  obsolete,  when  pre- 
sent continuous,  and  the  same  with 
the  hymenophore;  gills  tough,  sim- 
ple, unequal,  thin,  edge  acute,  gene- 
rally toothed  ;  trama  none. 

Hab.  On  stumps,  rarely  on  the 
ground.  {Fig.  56.) 

A  natural  but  very  polymorphic  genus, 
distinguished  by  its  tough  and  fleshy  sub- 
stance. 


Fig.  56. 


682.  Lentinus  tigtinus.     Fr.     "  Tiger-spot  Lentinus." 

Pileus  fleshy-coriaceous,  thin,  orbicular,  umbilicate,  whitish, 
clothed  with  innate  black  scales  ;  stem  thin,  without  striae,  squam- 
ulose,  with  a  decided  veil ;  gills  attenuated,  decurrent,  very  nar- 
row, white  then  yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  389.  Bull.  t.  70.  Sow, 
t.Q8,  Batt.t.l2J.B.D,  E?ig.Fl,Y.p.6d,   Vent.  t.  4:6,  f.  6,7, 


242  AGARICINI. 

On  old  stumps.     Eare.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  2  in. broad,  tliin,  margin  at  length  split ;  stem  1-2  in.  long,  dirty- 
white.— i'^/'/e.*.  When  fresh  very  tender  and  easily  lacerated,  when  dry  cori- 
aceous, and  the  stem  of  a  very  firm  and  solid  texture.— »SW.  Spores  "00013 
X  -00020  in.  (F<^g'  56,  reduced.) 

683.  Lentinus  Dunalii.     Fr.     "Dimal's  Lentinus." 

Pileiis  fleshy-coriaceous,  thin,  umbilicate,  irregular,  pallid  ; 
clothed  with  adpressed  spot-like  scales  ;  stem  short,  somewhat 
silky;  gills  decurrent,  crowded,  pallid. — Fr.  Ejncr.p.SdO.  Bull, 
?.  36.  Batt.t.  12,  A.  BerJc.Outl.t.l6,f.2.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.68. 

On  ash  trees.     Eare. 

Csespitose.  Pilens  2  in.  broad,  more  or  less  unequal,  carnoso-coriaceous, 
umbilicate;  margin  deflexed,  sometimes  variously  split  and sinuated,  yellow- 
white,  with  brownish  rather  close  scales  ;  margin  nearly  smooth  ;  gills  di- 
chotomous,  crenate,  sinuated,  subdecurrent ;  stem  1  in.  high,  3  lines  thick, 
tough,  the  lower  part  clothed  with  dark,  nearly  square,  adpressed  scales,  the 
upper  half  not  scaly,  white,  resembling  the  under  side  of  white  kid  leather. 
Odour  sub-acid,  farinaceous. — M.J.B. 

684.  Lentinus  lepideus.    Fr.     "  Scaly  Lentinus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  tough,  convex, then  depressed,  unequal, 
pallid-ochraceous,  broken  up  into  darker  spot-like  scales  ;  stem 
stout,  rooting,  tomentose  or  scaly ;  gills  sinuate,  decurrent,  broad, 
torn,  transversely  striate,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  j;.  390.  Schceff.  t. 
29,  30.  Buxb.  iv.  t.  25.  Sow.  t.  382.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  69. 

On  stumps  of  firs.     Bare.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  convex  or  depressed,  central  or  lateral ;  stem  short, 
hard,  very  tender  when  fresh  ;  monstrous  forms  occur  in  dark  situations, 
with  or  without  a  pileus.— J/.  /.  B.    Spores  '0004  X  '00023  in. 

685.  Lentinus  adhaer ens.    Fr.    "  Pine- wood  Lentinus." 

Pileus  somewhat  fleshy,  tough,  irregular,  lacunose,  subpulver- 
ulent,  dingy,  palhd,  glutinous,  laccate,  as  well  as  the  nearly  hol- 
low-rooting stem  ;  gills  decurrent,  forming  lines  on  the  stem, 
very  thin,  torn,  white. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  391.   With.  iy.p.  160. 

In  pine-woods.     Doubtful. 

Small,  unequal,  taste  at  length  astringent.  Pileus  convex,  then  somewhat 
umbonate,  at  length  depressed  and  infandibuliform. 

686.  Lentinus  cochleatus.    Fr.    "Shell  Lentinus." 

Annual,  tough,  flaccid.  Pileus  fleshy,  but  tough,  irregular, 
somewhat  lobed  or  contorted,  rufescent,  as  well  as  the  sohd,  firm, 


AGAEICIXI.  243 

sulcate,  smooth  stem  ;  gills  crowded,  serrated,  pinkish-wliite. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  394.  Sow.  1. 168.  BerJc.  Outl.  1. 19,/.  4.  E?ig.  Fl.  v. 
p.m.  Price J.12D. 

On  trunks  and  the  ground.     Eare.         [United  States.] 

Yery  much  tufted  ;  several  stems  confluent,  surface  rougli  with  prominent 
minute  ribs  or  prickles,  pale  rufescent,  often  powdered  with  the  w-hite  spores, 
1-1^  in,  broad.  Sometimes  the  surface  is  more  even,  but  still  somewhat 
sculptured,  so  as  to  be  rough  with  raised  lines.  Stem  compound,  strongly- 
ribbed  and  sulcate,  the  ribs  being  continuations  of  the  serrated  paler  decur- 
rent  gills.  At  first  the  pileus  and  gills  are  tender ;  stem  firm  and  leathery. 
Odour  agreeable. — J/.  /•  B.     Spores  almost  globular,  diameter  "00015  in. 

687.  Lentinus  vulpinus.    Fr.     "  Strong-scented  Lentinus." 

Sessile,  imbricated.  Pileus  fleshy,  but  tough,  conchate,  con- 
nate behind,  longitudinally  rough,  costate,  corrugate  or  floccose, 
tan-coloured;  margin  incurred,  entire ;  gills  torn,  white. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  396.  Sow.  t.  361.    Fng.FL\.p.72.  Kro7nbh.t.3,f.l6. 

Od  stumps.     Eare.  [Cincinnati,   U.  S.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.  long,  ascending,  obovato-spathulate  ;  margin  involute, 
fleshy,  tongh.  the  outer  surface  cartilaginous,  longitudinally  lacunoie  and 
echinulate.  reddish-buff",  hoary  with  the  round  white  spores,  and  within  the 
flesh  is  a  line  of  the  same  substance  parallel  with  the  surface ;  gills  pale, 
more  or  less  notched  and  sinuate,  broad,  not  forked.  Stem  obsolete.  Smell 
very  strong  and  overpowering,  somewhat  resembling  that  of  field  mint.— 
M.  J.  B,     Spores  almost  globular,  very  small,  '00000  in.  diameter. 

688.  Lentinus  fimbriatus.     Curr.    "  Fringed  Lentinus." 

Pileus  subdimidiate,  subcoriaceous,  depressed,  fawn  coloured, 
covered  with  darker  floccose  scales  ;  margin  slightly  involute ; 
stem  lateral,  squamulose  ;  gills  serrated  and  torn,  descending  (not 
decurrent),  pale  brown. — Linn.  Trans.  xxW.  p.  152.  t.  25./.  2. 

On  a  stump  standing  in  a  pond.     Lewes.     Sept.,  1862. 

Pileus  subdimidiate,  subcoriaceous,  thin  (not  fleshy)  depressed,  sometimes 
very  much  so,  and  almost  cyathiform.  5  to  1  in.  wide,  fawn  coloured,  covered 
with  floccose  scales  of  a  darker  brown  ;  margin  slightly  involute,  almost 
strigose;  stem  lateral,  from  |- to  5  in.  long,  rough  with  somewhat  reflexed 
scales  of  the  same  colour  as  the  gills,  or  rather  paler  ;  gills  pale  brown, 
irregularly  serrate  and  lacerated  at  the  margin,  de.-cendirg,  but  not  decur- 
rent. In  young  specimens  a  delicate  white  fimbriate  collar  or  fringe  (the 
remains  of  the  ruptured  veil)  separates  the  gills  from  the  stem.  Pilei  2  or 
3  together,  one  above  another  in  an  imbricated  manner.  Some  of  the  pilei 
tinged  here  and  there  with  pink  stains. 

689.  Lentinus  flabelliformis.    Fr.    <' Fan-like  Lentinus." 

Subsessile.  Pileus  thin,  tough,  kidnej-sliaped,  plane,  smooth, 
fawn  coloured ;  margin  crenato-fimbriate ;  gills  broad,  torn, 
pallid.— i^r.  Epicr.p,  395.  Bolt.  t.  157.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  72. 

H  2 


244 


AGARICINl. 


On  stumps.     Doubtful. 

Inserted  on  the  faith  of  Bolton's  figure,  which  "may  be  only  Agaricus 
sali^fius."    Pilcus  2-3 in.  broad;  gills  rather  broad. 


Gen.  15. 


PANUS,  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  396. 


Fig.  57. 


690. 


Spores  white;  pileus  ud equal- 
sided  or  lateral,  tough,  flesliy,  at 
length  coriaceous,  but  not  woody, 
drying  up,  but  reviving  with  mois- 
ture ;  stem  the  same  with  the  hy- 
memophore;  gills  thinner  than  in 
the  last  genus,  tough,  at  length 
coriaceous,  unequal,  with  an  entire 
acute  edge;   trama floccose. 

Hab.  On  stumps.        {J^^^'g-  57.) 

All  the  species  are  tough  (at  first 
softer)  J  never  woody,  drying  up  in  decay. 


Panus  toirulosus.     Fr.    "  Twisted  Panus.' 


Pileus  fleshy,  then  tough,  coriaceous,  plane,  then  infundibuli- 
iprm.  or  dimidiate,  even,  flesh-coloured  or  ochraceous;  stem 
short,  oblique,  clothed  with  grey  down ;  gills  decurrent,  rather 
distant,  distinct  behind,  ruddy,  then  tan-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. p. 
397.  Batsch.f.SS.  Fault.  26, f.  3,  4:.  Nees.f.  17 6.  Kromhh.t.4:2, 
/.3-5.   ^0/^.^.146. 

On  old  stumps.  [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina]. 

Stem  solid,  seldom  exceeding  an  in.  long,  grej',  covered  with  a  violaceous 
down.  Pileus  entire.  2-3  in.  broad,  smooth.  Flesh  pale.  Variable  in  colour, 
sometimes  shaded  very  slightly,  if  at  all,  with  pink.  Spores  '00u2  X  "00013 
in.  (Fig.  57,  reduced.) 


691. 


Panus  conchatus.    Fr.     "  Shell  Panus." 


Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  thin,  unequal,  excentric  and  dimidiate, 
cinnamon,  becoming  pale,  at  length  squamulose ;  stem  short, 
unequal,  pubescent  at  the  base ;  gills  forming  decurring  lines  on 
the  stem,  somewhat  branched,  whitish,  flesh-coloured,  then 
ochraceous. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  398.  Kromhh.  t.  42,/.  1-2.  Schceff.  t. 
43,44.  Bull.t.2d8,bl7,f.  O.F.  Eng. Fl. y. p. 71.  Ann.N.H. 
no.  67. 

On  trunks.  Rare.    Margate.  Apethorpe.     [Cincinnati,  U.  S.] 


AGAEICINI. 


245 


Pileus  flaccid,  even  ;  gills  not  anastomosing  at  tlie  base,  rather  tliick  and 
close  ;  stem  not  1  in.  high,  sometimes  obsolete.— i^/-ie.?. 

Always  known  by  its  conchate  form  and  tougher  substance  from  similar 
species  of  the  genus  Agarkus.—M.  J.  B. 


692. 


Fanus  stypticus.     Fr.     "  Styptic  Panus." 


Pileus  coriaceous,  reniform,  cinnamon,  growing  pale,  cuticle 
breaking  up  into  mealy  scales  ;  stem  lateral,  short,  dilated  above; 
gills  determinate,  thin,  crowded,  connected  by  veins,  cinnamon. 
—Fr.E2)icr.2).3Qd.  BuU.t.U0,Db7,fA.  Schcef.  t.208.  Sow. 
1. 109.  Fl.  Dan.  t  832,/.  1. 1. 1292,  f.  1.  Tratt.  Ans.  t.  2.  Kromhh. 
t.  44,/  13-17.  Buxh.  v.  1. 10,/  1.  Eng.Fl.  y.jj.  73.  Smith.  P.M. 
f.  6.  Berh.  exs.no.  136. 

On  stumps,  dead  trees,  &c.     Common.       [S.  Carolina.] 

Gregarious  or  csespitose.  Pileus  1-1^  in.  broad,  semiorbicular,  the  margin 
entire  or  lobed,  surface  nearly  even,  pruinose  or  furfuraceous,  often  zoned, 
varying  in  depth  of  colour  ;  margin  involute  ;  gills  often  branched,  beauti- 
fully connected  by  veins,  pale  cinnamon.  Stem  about  \  in.  high,  ascending, 
dilated  above,  pruinose. — M.J.B.    Spores  '0001  X  'OOOIS  in. 


Gen.  16. 


Fig.  58. 


XEROTUS,  Fr.  Ep.p.  48. 

Spores  wbite  ;  pileus  membrana- 
ceous ;  stem  confluent  with  the  hy- 
menophore,  which  descends  into  and 
forms  a  trama ;  gills  dichotomous, 
fold-like,  coriaceous,  adnato-decur- 
rent,  with  an  obtuse  entire  edge  ;  in 
the  single  British  species  branched 
and  very  distant.  {Fig.  58.) 

Hab.  The  British  plant  grows 
in  peat-mosses. 

This  genus,  which  is  chiefly  tropical, 
resembles  a  coriaceo-membranaceous  Can- 
tTiartllus,  with  narrow  gills. 


693.  Xerotus  degener.    Fr.     '•  Moss  Xerotus." 

Pallid.  Pileus  between  coriaceous  and  membranaceous,  piano- 
depressed,  flocculose,  hygrophanous,  striate  when  moist ;  stem 
solid,  thin,  velvety;  gills  plicate,  branched,  distant,  pallid. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.4.00.  Schcpff.t.24:d.  Sow.  t.  210. 

In  peat  mosses.     Very  rare. 

Pileus  somewhat  zoned,  grey,  thin,  but  tongh.  (Fig.  59.) 


246 


AGARICINI. 


Gen.  16. 


TROGIA,  Fr.  Mon.  Hym. 


Pileus  submembranaceous,  soft, 
tough,  flaccid,  but  very  dry,  flexible, 
reviving  ;  gills  venose,  fold-like, 
forked,  edge  longitudinally  chan- 
nelled or  crisped  ;  texture  fibrillose ; 
spores  white.  (Fig.  59.J 

In  the  only  British  species  the  edge  of 
the  gills  is  not  channelled  but  obtuse,  but  it 
has  the  habit,  form,  and  texture  of  Trogia, 
and  is  referred  to  that  genus  without  doubt ; 
although  the  edges  of  the  gills  are  not  chan- 
nelled they  are  nevertheless  crisped. 


Fig.  59. 


694.  Trogia  crispa.     Fr.     "  Crisped  Trogia." 

Tough,  cup-shaped,  reflexed,  lobed,  villous,  reddish-yellow; 
gills  plaited,  dichotomous,  crisped,  whitish  or  grev. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  369.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1739.  Pers.  Ic.  ^  Desc.  t.  8,/  7.  Buxh.  v.  t. 
7,/.  2.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  1135. 

On  twigs  of  beech,  birch,  &c.     Jedburgh.     [United  States.] 

The  colour  of  the  pileus  varies  from  a  yellowish  brown  to  white,  sessile, 
lobed,  ^-1  in.  broad,  finely  villous,  reddish-yellow  behind.  Margin  whitish. 
Gills  narrow,  veinlike,  crisped,  with  the  edge  obtuse,  not  channelled. 

(Fig.  59,  nat.  size.) 

Gen.  17.  SCHIZOPHYLLUM,  Fr.  Obs.  i.  p.  103. 


Spores  white ;  pileus  not 
fleshy,  dry,  sessile;  gills  co- 
riaceous, branched,  split  long- 
itudinally at  the  edge,  with 
the  two  divisions  revolute  or 
spreading,  joined  to  the  pileus 
by  a  tomentose  pellicle. 

Hab.  Rotten  wood. 

An    easily  recognized  but  very 
aberrant  genus  of  Agaricini. 

(Fig.  60.; 


Eig.  60. 


AGAEICIXI. 


247 


695.      Schizophyllum  commune.  Fr.  "  Common  ScMzophyllum." 

Pileus  adnate  behind,  somewhat  extended,  simple,  and  lobed  ; 
gills  grey,  then  brownish,  purple,  villous,  edge  revoliite. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  4.0^.  Greu.t.61.  Krombh.t.  4:,f.  14.-lCj.  Batsch.f.UQ. 
BulLt.S4.6, oSlJ.l.  Sow.  1. 183.  Buxb.v.  t.lj.l.  Eng.Fl.y. 
p.  130.    Gard.  Chron.  1860,  p.  1151. 

On  dead  wood.  [New  Orleans,  U.  S.,  &c.] 

Pileus  1-1 J  in.  broad,  sessile  or  with  a  short  lateral  stem,  sometimes  resn- 
pinate,  and  supported  by  a  stem-like  process  arising  from  the  centre  of  the 
pileus,  white  or  greyish,  zoned,  tomentose ;  margin  even  or  variously  lobed 
and  split  ;  gills  reddish-brown  or  whitish,  flabelliform,  apparently  but  not 
truly  forked,  the  inner  barren  face  villous  with  the  flocci,  of  which  the  sub- 
stance of  the  pileus  is  composed,  the  outer  surface  alone  bearing  spores. 
Cosmopolitan. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  very  small,  almost  globular,  •0001  in.  dia- 
meter. (Fig,  60,  nat.  size.) 


Gen.  18. 


LENZZTES,  Fr.  Gen.  Hymen. 


Fig.  61. 


Spores  white ;  pileus  coriaceous, 
dimidiate,  sessile ;  gills  coriaceous, 
firm,  unequal,  simple,  or  branched, 
and  anastomosing  behind,  edge 
obtuse  or  acute ;  trama  floccose  ; 
often  spuriously  porous. 

{Fig.  61.) 

Hab  .  On  stumps,  rails,  etc. 

Chiefly  tropical,  where  the  species  be- 
come woody,  with  us  they  are  only  cori- 
aceous. Allied  to  Traraetes  SLudDcedalea, 
amongst  the  Polyjporei. 


696. 


Lenzites  betulina.    Fr.     "  Birch  Lenzites." 


Pileus  between  corky  and  coriaceous,  firm,  obsoletely  zoned, 
tomentose,  pallid ;  margin  of  the  same  colour ;  gills  straight, 
somewhat  branched,  anastomosing,  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  405. 
Fl.  Dan.  1. 1555.  Soiv.  1. 182.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 15,/.  3.  Dcedalea  be- 
tulina^ Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  131. 

On  stumps,  &c.     Common.  [Cincinnati,  U.  S.] 

Perennial.  Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  coriaceous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  deeply 
grooved  concentrically,  and  clothed  with  dense  pubescence  or  coarse  velvety 
down,  greyish  or  pale,  often  green  with  minute  Alga.  Gills  straight,  tan- 
coloured,  not  much  branched  or  anastomosing,  their  margin  at  length  torn. 
— M,  J.  B.  (Fig.  61,  reduced.) 


248 


AGAEIC1]^J1. 


697.  Lenzites  flaccida.    Fr.     •' Flaccid  Lenzites." 

Pilous  coriaceous,  thin,  flaccid,  micqiial,  hairy,  zoned,  pallid ; 
margin  of  the  same  colour;  gills  broad,  crowded,  straight,  un- 
equal and  branched,  white,  becoming  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  406. 
Bull.  i.  394.  Bolt.  1. 158. 

On  stumps. 

Running  by  almost  imperceptible  gradations  into  L.  hetuUna.  Pileus  tbin 
(scarcely  1  lin.  thick),  bairy,  strigose,  at  first  wbitisbj  then  dingy,  with  zones 
of  the  same  colour.    Gills  never  anastomosing. 

698.  Lenzites  sepiaxia.     Fr.     "  Chocolate  Lenzites." 

Pileus  coriaceous,  hard,  zoned,  strigoso-tomentose,  rough, 
bright-brown  ;  margin  yellowish ;  gills  rather  thick,  branched, 
anastomosing,  yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.]).  407.  Ann.  N.ll.  no.  337. 
Sow.t.^\8.  Schceff.t.lQ.  Buxb.Y.t.6.  Vaill.t.l,/.  1-3.  Dceda- 
lea  sejnaria,  Eng.  Fl.i^.  132. 

On  fir  wood.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  dimidiate,  elongated,  often  confluent,  deeply  zoned, 
strigoso-lacunose,  of  a  rich  deep-chocolate  ;  margin  paler,  sometimes  white, 
substance  coriaceous,  librous,  of  a  fine  ocbre  or  rhubarb  col  'ur,  occasionally 
entirely  resupinate.  Hymenium  comiDOsed  of  brownish  plates,  tolerably 
regular,  but  here  and  there  slightly  branched,  or  interrupted  so  as  to  form 
pores.— if. /.£. 

699.  Lenzites  abietina.    Fr.     "  Larch  Lenzites." 

Pileus  coriaceous,  thin,  effuso-reflexed,  clothed  with  umber 
down,  at  length  becoming  smooth  and  whitish  ;  gills  decurrent, 
simple,  unequal,  pruinose  or  glaucescent,  brownish. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p. 407.  Bull  t.U2,f.2jt.Ul,f.l.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.lS2.  Vent.t. 
60,/.  3-5. 

On  deals.     Glasgow.  [United  States.] 

Perennial.  Pileus  umber  and  in  age  becomes  quite  smooth,  and  the  gills 
nearly  simple,  of  a  pruinose  cinereous  hue.  Pileus  14-4  in.  broad. — J/,  J.  B. 
Thinner  than  L.  sepiaria. 


POLYPOEEI. 


249 


Order  II.     POLYPOREI. 


Hymeninm  lining  tlie  cavity  of  tubes  or  pores,  whicli  are 
sometimes  broken  up  into  teeth  or  concentric  plates. — Fr.  Berk. 
Outl  p.  229. 

Hymenium  inferior,  lining  the  cavity  of  tubes  or  pores,  whicli  are  at  first 
sinuoug.  Pores  sometimes  broken  np  into  wavy  or  labyrintbiform,  concen- 
tric (not  radiating)  laminae,  or  teeth  ;  when  young,  and  the  hymenium  is 
sinuous,  pores  are  present  in  the  margin. 

Hjrmenium  lining  tubes,  regular — 
Trama  none. 

Tubes  separating  from  the  hymeno- 
phore  and  from  each  other,  terres- 
trial .    .    .    .    , Boletus. 

Tubes  adhering  to  the  hymenophore 

and  to  each  other,  terrestrial.       .    STROBiLOifYCES. 
Trama  present. 

Trama  dissimilar  in  substance  (and 
often  in  colour)  from  the  hymeno- 
phore, generally  epiphytal  .  .  .  Polypoeus. 
Trama  the  same  in  substance  and  co- 
lour with  the  hymenophore,  epi- 
phytal     Trametes.  _ 

Hymenium  lining  tubes,  irregidar—  ^^ 

Tubes  forming  deep  labyrinthiform  depressions  — 

plant  woody D^dalea. 

Tubes  incomplete,  reduced  to  shallow  sinuous 

folds  ;  plant  waxy Meeulris. 

Hymenium  at  first  papillose,  papillas  at  length  elon- 
gating and  forming  tubes— 

Plant  submembranaceous  and  resupinate    .    .    .    Porothelium^ 
Plant  fleshy Fistulina. 

Gen.  IS,  .  BOLETUS,  Fr. 


Hymenium  quite  distinct  from 
the  smooth  hymenophore;  trama 
none,  the  tubes  easily  separating 
from  the  hymenophore,  and  from 
each  other ;  fleshy,  putrescent,  ter- 
restrial fungi,  having  central  stems. 

(Fig.  62.) 


Fig.  62. 


A  clearly  defined  genus,  with  many 
handsome  species,  including  some  that 
are  poisonous,  and  many  that  are  escu- 
lent. 


M    5 


250  POLTPORET. 

A.     Ochrospori — spores  ochraceous. 

Sect.  1.      Viscipellis. 

700.  Boletus  luteus.     L.    "  Brown-yellow  Boletus." 

Pileus  gibbous,  then  pnlvinate,  smeared  with  brown  evanes- 
cent gluten  ;  stem  equal,  fiiTQ,  -whitish,  above  the  ringpunctato- 
scabrous";  ring  ample,  membranaceous,  white  or  brownish  ;  tubes 
adnate, minute,  simple, yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  409.  Schcpff.  1. 114. 
Lenz.f.  30.  Fl.Dan.  t.  1135.  Kromhh.  t.  33,/.  1-12.  Buxb.Y.t. 
14.  Eng.  FL  Y.p.  147.  Price,  f.  1,29.  Fl.  Boruss,  t  377. 

In  fir  woods.     Common.  [S.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  3-4  in.  broad,  dingy  yellow,  convex,  covered  at  first  with  thick 
brown  gluten,  which  is  soon  washed  off,  but  the  pileus  remains  slightly 
viscid  and  clothed  with  very  minute  matted  silkiness.  Flesh  at  first  firm, 
whitish,  not  changing.  Tubes  adnate,  dull  yellow,  nearly  simple,  their 
orifices  round,  or  slightly  waved.  Spores  ochraceous,  ferruginous.  Stem 
4  in.  high,  or  more,  ^  in.  thick,  straight  or  flexuous,  at  first  white,  but  soon 
sordid,  hoary  beneath  the  white  persistent  ring,  glandular  above,  sometimes 
the  whole  surface  is  glandular. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  spindle-shaped,  yellowish- 
brown,  -0003  X  -00013  in. 

701.  Boletus  elegans.     Sekum.     "  Elegant  Boletus." 

Pileus  convex,  then  plane,  viscid,  golden  yellow,  and  slightly 
ferruginous ;  stem  firm,  unequal,  golden  yellow,  then  rufous, 
punctate  above  the  fugacious,  white,  then  yellowish  ring;  tubes 
decurrent,  minute,  simple, golden,  or  sulphur-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr. 
^.409.  6Vey.  i.  183.  Gard.Chron.{ld>Q0\p.h2'dJg.1.  Price, 
/.  110.  Kromhh.  t^^ J.  I-IQ.  Huss.u.t.l2. 

In  mixed  woods.     May — Oct.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

From  its  nearest  allies  it  is  distinguished  by  its  brilliant  golden  yellow 
or  ferruginous  tint,  its  neat  form,  its  firm  equal  stem,  which  is  at  first 
coloured  like  the  cap,  and  then  acquires  a  rufous  tint,  but  especially  by  its 
being  marked  with  little  dots,  but  not  reticulate,  above  the  fugacious  ring, 
which  is  at  first  whitish,  and  then  acquires  a  yellow  tinge,  and  its  decurrent, 
minute,  simple,  golden  yellow  pores,  inclining  to  sulphur.  The  flesh,  more- 
over, is  of  a  decided,  though  pale  yellow.— J/.  /.  B. 

702.  Boletus  flavus.     With.     "  Bright-yellow  Boletus." 

Firm.  Pileus  yellow,  with  a  tawny,  evanescent  gluten  ;  stem 
yellow,  then  brownish,  apex  reticulated  with  the  decurrent  tubes; 
tubes  rather  large,  angular,  yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  410.  Bolt.  t. 
169.  Sow.  t.  265.  B.  Grevillei,   Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  148. 

In  woods.     Common. 


POLTPOEEI.  251 

Fries  regards  tliis  as  a  variety  of  B.  eJegans ;  it  requires  to  be  carefully  dis- 
tinguished from  B.  h.itev.s.  Pileus  2-5  in.  broad,  compact,  in  moist  shady 
places  glutinous  and  bright -yellow,  in  exposed  situations  dry  and  brown  j 
flesh  pale  yellow,  not  changing  j  tubes  unequal,  of  a  golden  sulphur,  wavy, 
sometimes  with  their  orifices  ruddy.  Ring  dirty-yellow,  membranaceous. 
Stem  2-3  in.  high,  6-9  lines  thick,  yellow  spotted  with  purple,  thickened  at 
the  base,  reticulated  above  the  ring. — KlotscJu  Spores  spindle-shaped,  yel- 
lowish-brown, -0003  X  -00016  in. 

703.  Boletus  lazicinus.     BerTi.     "  Larch.  Boletus." 

Pileus  dirty  white,  with  livid  stains,  covered  at  first  with  dirty 
yellow  or  brownish  evanescent  slime,  subsquamose ;  stem 
cribrose  above  the  ring,  scrobiculate  below,  dirty  white ;  tubes 
adnate,  subdecurrent,  compound,  at  first  nearly  white. — Berk, 
Outl.p. 230.   Euss.i.t.2D.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.USr 

Amongst  larch.     Sept.     Common. 

Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  dirty  white,  with  livid  stains,  and  sometimes  adpressed, 
dirty  yellow  fascicles  of  filaments,  the  remains  of  the  slimy  ring  ;  often 
deeply  scrobiculate,  covered  with  dirty  yellow  or  brownish  slime,  which 
gradually  disappears.  Flesh  white,  very  slightly  tinged  with  yellow,  not 
changeable.  Tubes  adnate  or  subdecurrent,  compound,  each  consisting  of 
two  or  three  cells,  their  orifices  angular,  at  first  nearly  white,  with  a  tinge 
of  yellow,  at  length  brownish  from  the  spores.  Stem  2  in.  or  more  high,  |-f 
in.  thick,  nearly  equal,  reticulated  above  the  ring,  and  frequently  much, 
scrobiculated  below,  dirty  white  like  the  pileus,  stained  with  the  spores, 
somewhat  downy  at  the  base.  Spores  oblong,  brownish  clay- coloured, — 
Af.  J.  B.    Spores  spindle-shaped,  pale  brown,  -00042  X  -00017  in.—  W.  G,  S. 

704.  Boletus  granulatus.     L.     '•  Granulated  Boletus." 

Pileus  convex,  expanded,  yellowish,  with  a  brownish,  ferru- 
ginous, evanescent  gluten  ;  stem  without  a  ring,  yellowish,  punc- 
tato-granulose  above;  tubes  adnate,  short,  simple,  yellow  ;  orifice 
granulated. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  410.  Schceff.  1. 123.  Barla.  t.  31,  f.  4- 
12.  Lenz.f.  31.  Letell.  t.  604.  Kromhh.  t.  34,/.  11-14.  Eng.  Fl. 
v.p.  149.    Vent.t.h0,f.3.  B.lactifluus,  Sow.  t.  4:20. 

In  grass,  amongst  firs.     Aug.   Sept.     Esculent.    [Carohna.] 

Gregarious,  csespitose.  Pileus  2  in.  or  more  broad,  hemispherical,  at  first 
covered  with  a  thick  rufous  brown  slime,  afterwards  dirty  rufous  or  yellowish; 
flesh  thick,  white  or  yellowish,  not  changeable ;  margin  at  first  inflexed  and 
downy.  Pores  at  first  whitish,  then  lemon-coloured,  compound,  the  margin 
distilling  a  pale  watery  milk,  which  when  dried  gives  them  a  granulated  ap- 
pearance, at  length  dii'ty  yellow,  adnate.  Spores  ochraceo-ferruginous ;  stem 
1  in.  or  more  high,  |  in.  thick,  generally  short,  but  variable,  obtuse  at  the 
base,  rooting,  more  watery  than  the  pileu.?,  pale  yellow  above,  white  below, 
minutely  tomentose  and  granulated,  at  first  covered  with  milky  drops. — 
M.  J.  ^.—Spores  spindle-shaped,  yellowish  orange,  -0003  X  -00013  in. 

A  very  variable  species,  but  the  very  glutinous  pileus  always  the  same 
colour,  viz.,  a  rich  chestnut  brown  ;  tubes  and  stem  sulphur  colour,  tubes 
exuding  a  thin  gummy  juice,  which  soon  dries  in  the  form  of  sugary  granules. 
Stem  rough,  scabrous,  as  if  covered  with  moist  sugar. —  W.  G.  S. 


252  POLTPOREI. 

705.  Boletus  bovinus.    L,    "  Shallow-pored  Boletus." 

Pileus  nearly  plane,  smooth,  viscid,  reddisli -grey ;  stem  equal, 
even,  self-coloured  ;  tubes  subdecnrrent,  angular,  compound, 
greyisli-yellow,  then  ferruginous.— -F?'.  Epicr.'p.^W.  Lenz.f.  38. 
Kromlh.  t.  75,  f.  1-G.  FL  Dan.  1. 1018.  IIuss.  i.  t.  34.  Eng.  Fl. 
Y.p.Ud.  Fl.  Bomss.  t.  378. 

Heathy  fir  woods.     Sept.  [United  States.] 

Gregarious,  fasciculate.  Pileus  1-2|  in.  broad  ;  wlien  young  hemispheri- 
cal, margin  white  and  tomentose.  disc  and  top  of  the  stem  purplish,  base 
rhubarb-coloured  ;  when  full-grown  convex,  expanded  ;  margin  still  turned 
in,  very  glutinous,  dull  orange-yellow,  or  deep  buff;  flesh  tinged  with  the 
colour  of  the  pileus,  not  changeable.  Tubes  resembling  the  pores  of  Jferidius 
laehrymans,  very  shallow  (i  of  an  inch),  coinpormd,  dirty  yellow,  not 
easily  separating  from  the  pileus.  Stem  2-3  in.  high,  ^-f  in.  thick,  subto- 
mentose,  not  diffused  gradually  but  rather  abruptly  into  the  pileus,  of  the 
same  colour,  but  streaked  with  watery  lines,  attenuated  below,  or  sxabequal ; 
bulbous  when  very  young.  Spores  elliptic.  Smell  strong,  like  Mara!<rrnHs 
oreades. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  spindle-shaped,  dingy  green  ochre,  '0003  X  '00015 
in. 

706.  Boletus  badius.     Fr.     "  Bay  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  soft,  viscid,  bay-tawny;  stem  solid,  nearly 
equal,  even,  paler,  brownish  pruinose ;  tubes  adnate,  sinuate  or 
depressed,  rather  large,  angular,  dingy,  yellowish-white,  then 
greenish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  411.  Lenz.f.  35.  Kromhh.  t.  36,/.  12-18. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  804.  Fl.  Boruss.  f.  379. 

In  pine  woods.     Rare. 

Pileus  viscid  in  wet,  shining  in  dry  weather,  flesh  turning  partially  blue. 

707.  Boletus  sanguineus.     With.     " Blood-red  Boletus." 

Pileus  convexo-plane,  even,  smooth,  viscid,  blood-red ;  stem 
equal,  even,  variegated  with  yellow  and  red;  tubes  adnate,  broad, 
unequal,  orange-yellow. — Fj\  Epicr.p.  4:12.  Sow.t.  225.  B.sub- 
tomentosus,  var.  /3.  Ei^.  Fl.  Y.p.  150. 

In  woods.     Rare. 

Pileus  crimson,  semiglobular,  f-H  over  ;  when  old  rich  brown,  nearly  3  in. 
over,  and  the  edge  turning  up.  Flesh  white,  a  little  tinged  with  crimson 
next  to  the  skin,  changing  slowly  to  a  bluish  cast  when  wounded.  Stem 
blotches  or  streaks  of  dilute  crimson  on  a  yellow  ground,  apparently  twisted, 
1-2^  in.  high,  nearf  in.  diameter.  In  the  larger  specimens  the  base  is  bul- 
bous.—  With. 

708.  Boletus  piperatus.     Bull.     "  Peppery  Boletus." 

Pilous  convexo-plane,  smooth,  slightly  viscid,  yellow,,  inclining 
to  reddish-grey  ;   stem  slender,  even,  fragile,  yellow  wdthin,  and 


POLTPOREI.  253 

at  the  "base  ;  tubes  subdeciirrent,  large,  angnlar,  ferruginous. — 
Fr.Epicr.pAl2.  JBulltAbl,f.2.  Bafsch.f.2S.  Sow.t.U.  Fl, 
Dan.  t.  1850.  Krorahh.  t.Zl,  f.  lG-20.  Eng.  FL  Y.p.  150.  Corda. 
Sturm.t.  60.  Barla.  t.  32, f.  5-10.  Smith,  P.M./.  26. 

In  woods.     Autnmn.  [Carolina,  U.  S.] 

Pilens  1-3  in.  broad,  at  length  plane,  moist,  or  even  glutinous,  reddish- 
yellow  or  brownish.  Flesh  yellow,  not  changing  colour.  Tubes  large,  sub- 
decurrent.  angular,  reddish-yellow  or  ferruginous.^  Stem  1-2  in.  high,  3-4 
lines  thick,  more  or  less  deep  yellow.  Taste  remarkably  acrid  and  pungent. 
^Grev.    Spores  oval,  brown,  '0003  X  '00015  in. 

Sect.  2.     Subtomentosi. 

709.  Boletus  rubinus.     Smith.     "  Eed- tubed  Boletus." 

Pilens  yellow-brown,  gibbous,  pulvinate,  then  plane,  dry,  sub- 
tomentose,  siigbtly  cracked ;  tubes  wholly  carmine,  snbdecurrent, 
compound,  of  a  medium  size ;  stem  yellow,  smeared  with  crim- 
son, irregular  ;  flesh  vivid-yellow,  perfectly  unchangeable ;  spores 
pale-umber,  ovate. — Seem.  Journ.  1868,  ^J-  33,  t.  75,/.  1-4. 

Under  trees  by  the  roadside.     Sept.     Near  Dunstable. 

It  differs  from  all  other  British  species  in  the  wholly  carmine  tubes,  to- 
gether with  the  vivid-yellow,  wholly  unchangeable  flesh.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad, 
stem  2-3  in.  high.  Spores  oval,  almost  round,  pale  warm  brown,  '00025  X 
•0002  in. 

710.  Boletus  parasiticus.     Bull.    "  Parasitic  Boletus." 

Pileus  hemispherical,  smooth,  viscid,  soon  cracked  and  tesse- 
lated ;  stem  thin,  incurved,  rigid,  diffracto-rimose,  yellow  with- 
out and  within  ;  tubes  decurrent,  middle-sized,  rounded,  simple, 
golden-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  4:12.  Bull.  t.  Aol,/.  1.  Berh.  Outl. 
t.  15,/.  4.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  338. 

On  species  of  Scleroderma.  Pare.  Clifton.  Kcw.  Coombe 
wood. 

Pileus  silky,  dirty-yellow  as  well  as  the  incurved,  rigid,  slightly  silky 
stem;  flesh  of  a  pale-reddish  hue  ;  tubes  decurrent,  labyrinthiform,  reddish. 
It  is  certainly  not  viscid  in  any  stage  of  growth. — B.  d;  Br. 

We  have  met  with  it  several  times,  but  there  has  not  been  any  reddish 
tint  in  the  tubes  of  our  specimens.  Hence  they  may  vary  in  colour.  Tubes 
at  first  sulphur  colour,  yellow,  then  reddish-orange.  Spores  spindle-shaped, 
elongated,  pale  brown,  very  different  from  the  last,  "OOOo  X  "00015  in. 

711.  Boletus  variegatus.     Fr.     '-Variegated  Boletus." 

Pileus  convexo-plane,  obtuse,  moist,  tawny-yellow,  with  scat- 
tered superficial,  fasciculato-j)ilose  scales ;  margin  acute,  at  first 
flocculose ;  stem  without  ring,  firm,  equal,  even  ;  tubes  adnate, 


254  POLYPOEEI. 

unequal,  minute,  brownish  cinnamon,  then  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
413.  Lenz.f.^'d.  Krombh.  t.  34:,/.  16-lS,  t.76  J.  7 -U.  Schceff.t. 
115?  Eng.Fl.Y.2J.lhO. 

In  pine  woods.     Aug.     Sept.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  3  in.  or  more  broad,  convex,  fasciculato-squamose ;  scales  small, 
tawny-yellow;  flesh  changing  to  blue  when  cut;  margin  tomentose,  sub- 
involute  ;  tubes  very  narrow,  dull-yellow,  blue  when  bruised,  adnate,  re- 
sembling somewhat  those  of  B.  hovinus  ;  stem  3  in.  high,  f  in.  thick,  granu- 
lato-pulverulent,  very  neat,  firm,  yellow,  obtuse.  Smell  unpleasant,  taste 
not  so. — M.J.B.   Spores  oval,  very  small,  greenish  ochre,  *0001  X  "00017  in. 

712.  Boletus  striaepes.     Sec.     "  Striate  Boletus." 

Pileus  convex,  then  plane,  soft,  silky,  olivaceous;  cuticle  fer- 
ruginous within ;  stem  firm, curved,  yellow,  with  blackish-brown 
stride;  base  brownish-rufous;  tubes  minute,  angular,  greenish, 
orifice  yellow. — Fr.Epicr.p.A.lh.  Batt.  t.  29  c. 

In  woods.     Eare.     Coed  Coch. 

Stem  dirty -yellow,  dotted  under  a  lens  with  broad  bay  lines.  Flesh  white, 
red  near  the  cuticle,  sparingly  changing  to  blue. — M.  J.  B. 

713.  Boletus  chrysenteron.     Fr.     " Eed-cracked  Boletus." 

Pileus  convexo-plane,  soft,  floccoso-squamose,  brownish,  in- 
clining to  brick-red  ;  flesh  yellow,  red  beneath  the  cuticle;  stem 
nearly  equal,  rigid,  fibroso-striate,  scarlet  or  yellow  ;  tubes  sub- 
adnate,  rather  large,  angular,  unequal,  greenish-yellow. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  415.  Bull.  t.  490,  /.  3.  Krombh.  t.  76.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
339.  Corda.  Sturm,  t.l.  Batt.  t.  30.  E.  Huss.i.t.b.  B .  suhtomen- 
tosus,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  150,  in  part. 

In  meadows,  woods,  &c.    Common.    [Mid.  and  Up.  Carolina.] 

When  the  pileus  is  cracked,  the  cracks  are  red.  Pileus  2-3  in.  or  more 
broad,  variable,  of  some  shade  of  red,  olive,  or  yellow,  pulvinate,  minutely 
downy;  cuticle  often  cracked,  interstices  reddish;  flesh  white  or  yellowish, 
changing  slightly  to  blue  ;  stem  3  in.  high,  5-^  in.  thick,  yellowish,  more  or 
less  streaked  with  red,  often  crooked.  Spores  spindle-shaped,  pale  warm 
brown,  "0005  X  '00017  in. 

714.  Boletus  subtomentosus.     L.     "  Yellow-cracked  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  expanded,  soft,  dry,  villoso-tomentose,  some- 
what olive,  not  discoloured  under  the  cuticle ;  stem  stout,  un- 
equal, sulcate  and  ribbed,  rough,  punctate,  yellow ;  tubes  adnate, 
broad,  angular,  of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  415.  Nees.f. 
206.  Lenz.f.  36,  37.  Scha^ff.  1. 112.  Krombh.  t.  37, f.  8-11,  t.  48, 
/.  1-6.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1074.  Price,  f.  2.  Batt.  t.  30.  F.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p. 
150,  in  part. 


POLTPOREI.  255 

In  woods.  [United  States.] 

When  the  pilens  is  cracked,  the  cracks  are  yellow.  Size  and  habit  very  mnch 
resembling  B.  cTirysenteron,,  but  less  common.  Often  Rowing  on  beech  nuts. 
Spores  oval,  yellowish  brown,  '0005  X  "00021  in. 

var.  radicans.  Krombh.t.4:8,f.l-fj.  Whole  plant  pale  oclire 
or  stone  colour.  Spores  spindle-shaped,  very  pale  ochre,  almost 
white,  '00026  x  '00012  in.,  has  the  appearance  of  being  distinct. 
Epping  Forest.  Staplehurst,  &c. —  W.  G.S. 

715.  Boletus  variecolor.    B.  &  Br.     "  Varicolored  Boletus." 

Pileus  convex,  subtomentose,  olive,  margin  involute,  flesh 
under  the  cuticle  dark-purple,  stem  bulbous,  attenuated  upwards, 
reticulated  at  the  apex,  yellowish  below,  rufescent  above  and 
finely  pubescent ;  tubes  minute,  free,  yellow. — Ann.  N.H.  1865, 
no.  1020,  ^.  xiii. /.  3. 

In  woods,  &c.     Aug.     Deeside. 

The  flesh  of  the  pileus  and  stem  is  pale,  here  and  there  inclining  to  yellow, 
ibC'l  partially  marbled.  It  approaches  B.  suhtoraentosus  in  habit,  but  with  the 
bulbous  reticulated  stem  of  the  section  Caloxjodes  of  Fries. 


Sect.  3.     Calopodes. 

716.  Boletus   calopus.     Fr.     "  Scarlet-stemmed  Boletus." 

Pileus  globose,  then  pulvinate,  unpolished,  somewhat  tomen- 
tose,  olivaceous ;  stem  firm,  conical,  then  nearly  equal,  reticu- 
lated entirely,  or  at  the  apex,  scarlet ;  tubes  adnate,  minute, 
angular,  yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  416.  Kromhh.  t.  37./.  1-7.  Schceff. 
t.  315.  Bolt.  t.  84.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  151.  Saund.  4'  Smith,  t.  13. 

In  mixed  woods.     Aug.     King's  Cliffe.     Epping  Forest. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

Differs  from  B.  suhtoraentosus  in  the  red,  thicker,  reticulated  stem  and  nar- 
rower tubes.  Flesh  more  or  less  changing  to  blue. — FrieS'  Spores  spindle- 
shaped,  yellowish  brown,  '0003  X"  00014  in. 

717.  Boletus  olivaceus.     Schceff.     *' Olive  Boletus." 

Pileus  convex,  even,  at  length  smooth,  olive-brown,  margin 
at  first  inflexed,  stem  firm,  clavato-bulbous,  reticulate,  punc- 
tate, blood-red,  yellowish  above  ;  tubes  adnate,  short,  minute, 
unecjual,  olive-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  416.  Schceff.  t.  105.  B. 
pachypus^  var.  b.  Eng.Fl.  y.  p.  151.  Purt.  no.  988. 


256  POLTPOEEI. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Oct. 

Pilous  olive  brown  ;  tubes  bright  yellow  ;  stem  brown  below,  yelIo\'  above. 
^ParU    Pileus  from  1^-2  in.  in  diameter,  seldom  more  j  stem  rathei  short. 

718.  Boletus  pachypus.     Fr.     "  Thick-stemmed  Boletus.' 

Pileus  pulvinate,  dry,  subtomentose,  brownisli,  tlien  pallid 
tan;  stem  thick,  firm,  reticulated,  variegated  yellow  and  red ; 
tubes  somewhat  elongated,  shortened  near  the  stem,  almost  free, 
rounded,  yellow;  orifice  of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr.p.All . 
Letell.  Supp.  t.  641.  Kromh.  t.  35./.  13-15.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  151. 
Saund.  ^'  Sm.  1. 17. 

In  woods.     July — Sept.     Epping  Forest.     [Low.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  6-7  in.  broad,  dry,  pulvinate,  subtomentose,  pale  reddish  brown, 
very  thick  and  fleshy,  when  young  firm,  when  full  gro^\^l  very  soft  ;  flesh 
white,  not  changeable  ;  tubes  free,  at  first  lemon-coloured,  afterwards  dirty 
yellow,  simple  ;  stem  3-4  in.  high,  2|-  in.  thick,  bulbous,  often  swollen  from 
the  top,  rarely  equal,  reticulated,  yellowish  when  young,  subrufescent  when 
old,  sometimes  two  or  three  springing  from  the  same  root. — M.  J,  B. 
This  species  sometimes  changes  very  sparingly  to  blue.  Taste  not  un- 
pleasant.    Spores  large,  oval,  yellowish  ochre,  '0005  X  '00022  in. 


Sect.  4.     Edules. 

719.  Boletus  edulis.     Bull.     "Edible  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  smooth,  moist,  bj;ownish  ;  stem  stout,  reticu- 
lated, pallid  brown  ;  tubes  nearly  free,  elongated,  minute,  at  first 
white,  then  yellow  and  greenish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  420.  Bull.  t.  60, 
494.  Sow.t.'ill.  Sv.Bot.t.  197.  Lenz.f.34:.  Tratt.aus.f.  M. 
Kromhh.  t.  31.  Vitt.  t.  22.  Letell.  S.  t.  614.  Schceff.  1. 134, 135. 
Paul.  t.  167,  168.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  15./.  6.  Huss.  i.  t.  81.  CooJce, 
B.F.  t.  15.  Smith,  E.M.f.  2.  Eng.Fl.  \.p.  153.  Badh.  i.  t.  3,ii.  t. 
3,/  1, 2.  Price  J.  63.  Barla.  t.  311.  Vent,  t,  8.  Hogg,  ^  Jolinst. 
t.U. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  6  in.  or  more  broad,  pulvinate,  at  length  convexo-expanded,  smooth, 
shining,  often  rugose,  and  much  cracked,  dark  umber,  pale  towards  the 
margin,  slightly  viscid,  extreme  margin  white,  scarcely  downy.  Flesh  turn- 
ing a  little  reddish  near  the  epidermis.  Tubes  nearly  free,  at  first  white, 
then  lemon-coloured,  at  length  dull  yellow,  simple,  their  orifices  angular. 
Spores  large,  greenish  ochre.  Stem  4  in.  high  or  more,  2  in.  thick,  fawn 
coloured,  incrassated  above  and  below,  reticulated. — J/.  /.  B. 

var.  p.  elephantinus,  changes  to  blue  when  cut  or  bruised. 
Banstead  Downs,  Surrey. — Schceff.  t.  277. 


POLTPOREI.  257 

720.  Boletus  fragrans.     Titt.     "Fragrant  Boletus," 

Pilens  pulvinate,  repand,  sub-tomentose,  umber-brown ;  mar- 
gin inflexed;  stem  stout,  eyen,  variegated  witlTi-ed  and  yellow; 
tubes  semi-free,  minute,  round,  greenisli-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
421.  Vitt.  F.  JIa?ig.t.  Id.  Smith.  Seem.  Journ.  ISGS, p.  33.  B. 
xanthophorus,  Kromhh.  t.  Ih^f.  15-21. 

In  woods,  under  oaks,  &c.     Sept.  Oct.     Esculent. 

The  pileus  is  bronze-brown,  pulvinate,  and  scabrous  ;  tubes  minute,  and 
of  a  beautiful  shade  of  subdued  yellow-green  ;  the  stem,  which  is  thickened 
downwards,  is  browTi  and  also  scabrous,  and  the  flesh  is  pure  white,  which 
changes  here  and  there  to  the  slightest  imaginable  shade  of  cobalt  on  being 
cut  or  broken  ;  the  spores  are  pale  yellowish-green,  ovate,  with  an  apieulus 
at  one  end,  '00045  in.  long,  '00017  in.  broad.— IF.  G.  S, 

721.  Boletus  impolitus.     Fr,     ''Unpolished  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  dilated,  flocculose,  dingj,  pallid,  at  length 
granulose  or  cracked ;  margin  obtuse  ;  stem  short,  stout,  com- 
pact, even,  pallid ;  tubes  nearly  free,  very  long,  rather  large, 
yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  421.  Kromhh.  t.  74,/.  8,  9.  Schcuff.t. 
108.  Letell.  t.  614. 

On  woodsides.     Esculent. 

Attains  a  diameter  of  four  or  more  inches.  Stem  about  2  in.  Flesh  more 
or  less  changing  to  blue  when  cut.  Often  very  large.  Spores  oval,  or  spindle- 
shaped,  pale  greenish  brown,  '0005  X  '00022  in. 

722.  Boletus  aestivalis.     Er.     "  Early  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  silky,  soft,  then  rivulose,  minutely  granulated 
and  silky,  opacpie,  pallid  tan ;  stem  stout,  firm,  sub-conical, 
even,  pallid,  white  ;  tubes  elongated,  minute,  ec[ual,  of  the  same 
colour. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  4:22.  Paul.  1. 170.  Huss.ii.'2'o.  Hogg  ^ 
Johnst.  1. 13. 

In  woodland  pastures.     Esculent. 

One  of  the  largest  of  the  genus,  sometimes  6-8  in.  in  diameter;  stem  2  in. 
thick.  Pileus  pale  tan  or  grey  silky,  granulated  when  old,,  cracking  into 
somewhat  hexagonal  or  irregular  patches.  Flesh  not  turning  blue.  Spores 
elongated  oval,  greenish-brown,  rather  dark,  '00043  X  "00018  in. 

Sect.  5.     Luridi. 

723.  Boletus  Satanas.     Lenz.    "  Satanic  Boletus," 

Pileus  pulvinate,  smooth,  somewhat  viscid,  brownish  tan 
colourj  then  whitish,  stem  blunt,  ovato-ventricose,  reticulated 
above,  blood  red ;  tubes  free,  minute,  yellow ;  orifice  from  the 


258  POLYPOREI. 

first   blood    red. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  417.  Lenz.  f.   33.    Boq.  t.  6. 

Krombh.  t.3S.  f.  1-6,   HussA.  t.7.    Ann.  N.H.  no.  3t0.  Smith. 

P.M.  f.  21.  \ 

In  woods.     Poisonous.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  sometimes  8  in.  across,  commonly  less,  pulvinate,  soft  to  the  touch, 
naked,  dry,  smooth,  whitish,  leather-buff  or  greenish,  often  shading  into  a 
red  tinge  ;  flesh  solid,  becoming  soft,  tender,  and  juicy,  white,  turning 
reddish,  then  blue  ;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  thick,  finely  reticulated  above,  the 
reticulations  purple-crimson,  often  vanishing  in  age,  the  stem  growing 
streaked  below.  Spores  rich  brown,  oval,  or  spindle-shaped, " 00047  X "00022  in. 

724.  Boletus  luzidus.     Fr.     "  Lurid  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  tomentose,  olive-umber, then  subviscid,  dingy; 
stem  stout,  vermilion-red,  reticulated,  or  punctate,  with  darker 
markings  ;  tubes  free,  rounded,  yellow,  then  greenish ;  orifice 
from  vermilion  to  orange. — Fr.  Ej)icr.  p.  418.  Schceff.  t.  107. 
Tratt.  Ausi.f.  17.  Grev.  t.  121.  Letell.  f.  ?>2.  Krombh.  t.  38. 
f.  11-17.  Bull.  t.  100.  Bolt.  t.So.var.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  16.  f.  5. 
Fng.  Fl.  Y.  p.  162.  Card.  Chron.  (ISCiO)  p.  386.  Harz.  t  56. 
Badh.  t.  l.f.  12.  ii.L  6./.  3-5.  Smith  P.M.f.  10.  Barla,  t.  33. 
/.  1-5. 

In  woods  and  woodland  pastures.     Common.     Poisonous. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  2-6  in.  broad,  convex,  expanded,  minutely  tomentose,  olive,  brick- 
red,  pinkish,  cream-coloured,  or  ferruginous  brown;  flesh  more  or  less  yellow, 
changing  to  blue.  Tubes  free,  yellow  or  greenish,  their  orifices  of  a  beautiful 
red  or  bright  orange,  quite  simple,  round.  Spores  olivaceous-ochre.  Stem 
variable  in  length,  bulbous,  tomentose,  sometimes  quite  smooth,  red,  with 
ferruginous  or  the  brightest  yellow  shades,  solid,  generally  more  or  less 
marked  or  reticulated  with  crimson-red.— J/.  J.  B.  Spores  very  large,  oval, 
greenish  slate  colour,  -0006  X  "00035  in. 

725.  Boletus  erythropus.     P.     "  Dotted-stem  Boletus." 

Pileus  tomentose,  almost  velvety,  tawny  ;  stem  elongated, 
equal,  not  reticulated,  dotted  with  red,  squamuloso-punctate, 
reddish  within  at  the  base  ;  tubes  free. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  418.  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  1962.  Letell.  t.  612.  Barla.  t.  33,/.  6,  7. 

In  woods.     King's  Cliffe. 

Included  by  Fries  with  B.  luridus  as  a  variety,  smaller,  but  more  beauti- 
ful. Flesh  yellow  here  and  there,  blue  when  cut,  but  partially  red,  with  a 
more  slender,  punctato-squamulose,   and  not  reticulated  stem. 

726.  Boletus  purpuxeus.    Fr.     "  Purple  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  somewhat  velvety,  opaque,  dry,  purplish-red ; 
stem  stout,  yellow,  variegated  with  purple  veins  and  dots ;  tubes 


POLTPOEEI.  259 

almost  free,  raimite,  greenish  yellow,  orifice  purple-orange. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  418.  Krombh.  t.  37, 12-15.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  341.  Letell. 
t.678.  Barla.t.  33, f.S-10. 

In  woods.     Eare.     King's  Cliffe.     Staplehnrst. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

Eev.  'M.  J.  Berkeley  states  that  lie  lias  founi  all  these  four  species  together 
in  the  same  wood,  which  consisted  chiefly  of  lime  trees.  Spores  somewhat 
spindle-shaped,  green  sepia- brown,  '0004  X  "0002  in.      (Fi^.  62,  reduced.) 

B.    DERiiiNi — spores  subferruginous. 

727.  Boletus  viscidus.     Z.     "  Viscid  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  soft,  smooth,  viscid,  dingy-yellowish;  veil 
subannulate,  torn,  white,  appendiculate  ;  stem  torn,  reticulated 
above  ;  tubes  wide,  adnate,  unequal,  livid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  423. 
Ann.N.H.no.  278. 

In  woods.     Eare. 

The  rather  large  and  angular  tubes  will  distinguish  this  from  the  rest  of 
the  species  with  rusty  spores.  Spores  very  small,  spindle-shaped,  elongated, 
brownish  green,  'OOO'SS  X  '00012  in. 

728.  Boletus  versipellis.    Fr.     "Orange-cap  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  diy,  at  first  closely  tomentose,  then  scaly  and 
smooth  between ;  veil  membranaceous,  annular,  inflexed,  appen- 
diculate ;  stem  solid,  attenuated  above,  rugoso-squamose  ;  tubes 
free,  plane,  minute,  dingy-white,  orifice  greyish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
424.  Batt.  t.  50,  /.  A.  Schcpf.  t.  103.   Sow.  t.  110.    Krombh.  t.  32. 

In  woods.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  of  a  beautiful  orange,  closely  allied  to  Boletus  scaher.  but  apparently 
not  so  common.  Spores  spindle-shaped,  pale,  ochraceous,  '00056  X  '00021 
in. 

729.  Boletus  scaber.     Fr.     "  Shaggy  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  smooth,  viscid  when  moist,  at  length  rugu- 
lose  or  rivulose  ;  margin  veiled ;  stem  solid,  attenuated,  rough 
with  fibrous  scales  ;  tubes  free,  convex,  round,  minute,  white, 
then  dingy.— Fr.^;?zcr.^.  424.  Lenz.f.32.  Vitt.t.  28.  Bull.  t. 
132,  489,/.  1,  2.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  833,/.  3.  Eng.  Fl.T.p.lb3.  Badh. 
i.  t. 7,  f.  l,u.t.  6,  f.  1,2.  Barla.t.^3D.  Vent. t.d,  10.  Sow.  1. 176. 
Krombh.t.32,f.l-10,t.36,f.l-6.  Schcef.  t.  104.  Huss.  i.  t.  57. 
Hogg.  4'  Johnst.  t.22. 

In  woods.     Common.     Esculent.  [Carolina,  U.  S.] 


260  POLYPOEEI.  \^ 

Pileus  3-7  in.  or  more  broad,  pulvinate,  viscid  when  moi.-t,  very  variable  in 
colour,  white,  cinereous,  brown  olive,  deep  orange,  or  verniiliou,  smooth  or 
minutely  downy,  the  down  sometimes  collected  into  minute  fasciculate  scales  ; 
flesh  very  thick,  soft,  not  changeable  in  young  specimens,  in  older  ones  red- 
dish-grey when  bruised,  and  sometimes  blact  ;  tubes  white,  pulvinate, 
etained  with  the  yellow-brown  spores,  their  orifices  often  ferruginous  before 
the  expansion  of  the  pileus,  minute,  round  ;  stem  6  in.  or  more  high,  atten- 
uated upwards,  sqaarrose  with  black  or  orange  scales,  sometimes  marked 
with  coarse-raised  lines.  At  first  the  stem  is  ovate  and  the  pileus  very  nar- 
row. There  are  frequent  traces  of  a  floccose  veil. — M.  J.  B.  Spores  spindle- 
shaped,  pale  brown,  "00055  X  '00022  in.  I  have  found  a  variety  at  Staple- 
hurst,  with  the  pUeus  suow-white. —  W.  G.  S. 

C.    Hyporrhodii — spores  roseate. 

730.  Boletus  alutarius.     Fr.     "  Tan-coloured  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  expanded,  soft,  velvety,  tlien  smooth,  brown- 
isli-tan  ;  flesh  white  ;  stem  solid,  bulbous,  nearly  even,  white  ; 
apex  pitted  ;  tubes  depressed  about  the  stem,  short,  plane,  round, 
white,  brown  when  bruised.-^ — Fr.  Epicr.p.  425.  Krombh.  t.  74,/. 
8,9.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  34:2. 

In  woodland  pastures.     Bare. 

731.  Boletus  felleus.    Bull.     '' Bitter  Boletus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  soft,  smooth,  even,  brownish  or  reddish-grey  ; 
stem  solid,  attenuated  upwards,  reticulated  ;  tubes  adnate,  convex, 
elongated,  angular,  white  then  flesh-coloured,  as  well  as  the  sub- 
stance of  the  pileus  when  broken. — F?'.  Epicr.  p.  425.  Bull.  t. 
879.  Krombk.t.74:,f.  1-7.  Aim.  N.H.  no.  Id.  Smith,  P.M.  f.  29. 

In  woods,  &c.     Rare.     King's  Clifife. 

[Low.  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Spores  spindle-shaped,  salmon  colour,  '00064  X  '0002  in. 

D.    LeucospgPvI — spores  white. 

732.  Boletus  cyanescens.     Bull.     "  Sibthorp's  Boletus." 

Pileus  convexo-expanded,  closely  tomentose  or  floccoso-squam- 
ose,  opaque,  tan-coloured,  becoming  brownish  ;  flesh  compact, 
white,  dark-blue  when  broken  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  ven- 
tricose,  villoso-pruinose,  of  the  same  colour,  constricted  above, 
even,  white;  tubes  free,  minute  round,  white,  then  yellow. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  4:26.  Bull.  1.369.  Letell.  t.  664:.  Krombh.  t.So,/.  7-9. 
Seem.  Journ.  t,  30,/.  7, 8.  Roq.  t.  8,/.  1.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  154.  Barla. 
t.  37,/.  1-7. 


POLTPOEEI. 


261 


In  woods.     Oxford,  Neatishead,  &c. 

"  Pileus  2-5  in.  broad,  rigid,  pale,  straw-coloured,  subfuliginons,  the 
margin  acute  ;  flesh,  white,  when  broken  changing  instantly  to  the  most 
beautiful  azure  blue,  and  when  squeezed  distilling  a  blue  juice;  tubes  short, 
when  young  scarcely  a  line  long,  white  or  lemon-coloured  ;  stem  distinct 
from  the  pSeus,  the  apex  contracted,  brittle,  never  reticulated,  but  villoso- 
pruinose."— i^/^'e^'. 

Tubes  very  pale  lemon  colour.  Spores  white,  or  with  a  suggestion  of 
sulphur,  spindle-shaped,  "0006  in.  long.  It  has  now  been  recorded  in 
Oxfordshire,  Norfolk,  Herts,  Surrey,  Devon,  and  Beds  (Abbot). 


733. 


Boletus  castaneus.     Bull.    "  Chestnut  Boletus." 


Pileus  convex,  expanded  or  depressed,  firm,  opaqne,  yelyety, 
cinnamon  ;  stem  stuffed,  then  hollow,  attenuated  from  the  some- 
what bulbous  base,  cinnamon  ;  flesh  white,  unchangeable  ;  tubes 
free,  short,  round,  white,  then  dirty-yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.  jj.  426. 
Bull.  t.  328.  Euss.  ii.  1. 17.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  152.  Barla.  t.  32,/.  11- 
15. 


In  woods.     Eare.     Highgate. 


[Mid.  Carolina.] 


Pileus  3  in.  broad,  depressed  when  old,  but  broadly  pulvinatein  the  centre, 
subtomentose,  the  down  raised  up  into  little  flat  scales,  beautiful  dark- 
rufous  tan ;  flesh  thick,  mottled,  stained  beneath  the  cuticle  with  the  colour 
of  the  pileus,  not  changing  colour,  viscid,  insipid  or  subacid  ;  tubes  vi\dd 
yellow,  half-free,  not  reaching  to  the  extreme  margin  ;  spores  yellow ;  stem 
sometimes  short,  swelling  in  the  centre,  attenuated  below,  hollow,  sometimes 
long  and  equal,  beautifully  tinged  with  yellow  and  rufous.— J/./. -B. 


Gen.  19. 


STROBILOMYCES,  Berk. 


Hymen oph  ore  quite  distinct 
from  the  hymenium.  Pileus 
fleshy,  at  length  tough.  Spores 
globose,  or  broadly  elliptic,  mi- 
nutely rough. — M.  J.  B. 

{Fig.  63.) 


734. 


Fig.  63. 

Stzobilomyces  strobilaceus. 


Berh.   *'  Cone-like  Boletus." 


Blackish  umber.     Pileus  pulvinate,  rough  with  thick  floccose 
scales ;   stem  equal,  veiled,  sulcate  above  ;    tubes  adnate,  white, 


262 


POLYPOEEI. 


\ 


angular,  whitish-brown. — Berh.  Outl.  p.  236.  Dicks,  i.  t.  3,  /.  2. 
Pers.  M.E.  t.  19.  B.stroUlaceus^Fr.  Epicr.  p.  422.  Kromhh.  t,  4, 
/.  28-30,  t.  l^J.  12-13.     Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  154. 

In  fir  woods.     Rare.     Ludlow.     Haywood  Forest,  Hereford. 

[Carolina.     Canada.] 

Spores  very  dark.  Pileus  2  in.  broad,  tesselated  or  cracked,  like  the  cone 
of  the  Scotch  fir  ;  pores  very  vrhite  ;  stem  3-4  in.  high,  thick,  solid. — M.  J.  B. 

(Fig.m.) 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  tougb,  pulvinate,  brown,  broken  up  into  large,  thick 
projecting  scales  (like  the  cone  of  the  Scotch  fir),  merging  into  a  thick  floc- 
cose,  ragged  and  pendulous,  white  veil  at  margin  ;  stem  solid,  equal,  coarsely, 
fibrillose,  3-6  in.  long,  ^  in.  or  more  thick,  brown  at  the  base,  and  white  at 
the  deeply  sulcato-reticulated  apes,  which  runs  gradually  into  the  tubes  ; 
tubes  white,  very  large,  adnate,  or  with  a  decurrent  tooth  anastomosing ; 
spores  oval,  nearly  globose,  stalked,  blackish-brown,  "00038  X  '00053  in. 
The  whole  plant  turns  deep  sienna-red  when  cut  or  bruised. —  W.  G.  S. 


Gen.  20.  POLYPORUS,  Fr.  Gen.  Hym. 

Hymenophore  descending  into  the 
trama  of  the  pores,  which  are  not 
easily,  if  at  all,  separable,  and  changed 
with  them  into  a  distinct  substance. 

{Fig.  64.) 

Hymenophore  descending  into  the  trama 
of  the  pores,  which  are  confluent  with  the 
substance  of  the  pileus,  and  not  easily,  if  at 
all,  separable  from  each  other,  or  from  the 
hymenophore ;  the  trama,  with  the  pores, 
when  full  grown,  being  diff'erent  from  the 
hymenophore  in  substance  and  often  in 
colour.  Pores  at  first  clearly  formed  by  the 
perforation  of  the  substance  of  the  pileus, 
very  minute,  imperfect,  or  entirely  absent, 
Pig.  64.  then  rounded,  angular,  or  lacerated. 

Fungi  of  various  forms,  at  first  of  an  acid  odour,  not  preformed  like  Bo- 
letus, but  growing  indefinitely.  Polyporus  is  the  central  genus  of  the  Poly- 
porei,  more  or  less  approaching  in  character  to  all  the  other  genera,  as 
Agaricus  does  to  the  genera  of  the  Agaricmi.  The  sections  of  Poly£)orus 
are  founded  on  structural  characters,  but  the  genus  might  be  divided  accord- 
ing to  the  colour  of  the  spores,  like  Agaricm. —  W.G.S. 


Sect.  1.     Mesopus — pileus  entire,  stem  distinct. 

735.  Polyporus  bmmalis.    Fr.     "  Winter  PoljiDorus." 

Pileus  between  fleshy  and  coriaceous,  subumbilicate,  zoneless, 
in  the  first  season  dingy  Tillous,  in  the  second  sciuamulose,  be- 


POLYPOEEI.  263 

coming  smooth,  pallid  ;  stem  thin,  hirsiito-sqiiamulose,  pallid  ; 
pores  oblong,  angular,  slender,  acute,  denticulate,  -white. — Fr. 
Epicr.  2^.4.30.  £atsch.fA2.  FL  Dan.  1. 12^7.  Bostl\t.S.  Enc. 
Fl.Y.pABo.  Ann.N.H.no.  343.  Kromhh.  tA.f,  19-21.  Fl  ex. 
no.  204.  FcU.exs.  1396. 

On  dead  trunks  and  branches.  Eare.  [Low.  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  1-4  in.  broad,  nearly  plane,  depressed  in  the  centre,  dingy,  clothed 
with  minute  scales,  at  length  fawn-coloured,  and  nearly  smooth.  Pores  very 
slightly  angular,  white,  the  dissepiments  rather  thick.  Stem  f -2  in.  high, 
2-4  lin.  thick,  central,  velvety,  hirsute  or  squamulose. — M.J.B. 

736.  Polyporus  fuscidulus.    Fr.     "Yellow-brown  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  subcoiiaceous,  convexo-plane,  zoneless, 
even,  yellowish-brown;  stem  rather  slender,  equal,  smooth, 
pallid ;  pores  adnate,  somewhat  rounded  or  angular,  obtuse, 
quite  entire,  yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  431.  Bolt.  1. 170. 

Amongst  chips,  &c.     Rare. 

Stem  1-2  in.  long,  2  lin.  thick,  nearly  straight,  equal,  or  thickened  towards 
each  extremity,  tawny  or  yellowish.  Pileus  1-2  in.  broad  j  flesh  tough,  yel- 
lowish white. 

737.  Polyporus  leptocephalus.    Fr.   "  White-pored  Polyporus." 

Pileus  tough,  coriaceous,  convexo-pilane,  thin,  smooth,  zone- 
less,  even,  pallid,  then  fawn-coloured;  stem  short,  smooth, 
pallid ;  pores  adnate,  minute,  subrotund,  obtuse,  whitish. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  432.  Jacq.  Misc.  i.  1. 12.  Paul  1. 164.  /.  1.  Mich.  t.  70. 
/.  1.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  135. 

On  trunks.     Rare. 

Pileus  1  in.  broad,  tawny-bay,  flat,  thin,  leather-like  j  pores  white,  very 
short;  stem  pale  or  reddish-brown,  thick  as  a  crow  quill,  and  about  half  an 
inch  high. —  With. 

738.  Polyporus  lentus.    Berk.     "  Tough  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  but  tough,  umbilicate,  minutely  scaly,  especially 
at  first  ;  stem  hispid,  furfuraceous,  rather  slender,  incurved, 
central  or  excentric  ;  pores  irregiilar,  decurrent,  white. — Berk. 
Outl.p.  2?j1.  1. 16,/.  1.    Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  134. 

On  old  furze  stems.     Northamptonshire  and  Notts. 

Pileus  1^  in.  broad,  convex  or  slightly  depressed,  at  first  furfuraceo-squam- 
ulose,  reddish-brown,  at  length  nearly  smooth,  ochraceous  ;  the  margin 
fibrilloso-squamose,  of  a  tough,  fleshy  substance  ;  pores  large,  rather  deep, 
decurrent,  roundish  or  subquadrate,  at  first  white  j  edges  slightly  toothed. 


264  POLYPOREI. 


\ 


and  powdered  with  the  white  oblong  spores  ;  stem  J-1  in.  high,  f  in.  thick, 
central,  covered  with  pores  to  the  very  base,  only  the  lower  ones  abortive, 
and  their  interstices  pilose,  or  distinctly  furfuraceous,  nearly  of  the  colour 
of  the  pileus.  -  M.  J.  B. 

739.        Polyporus   Schweinitzii.  Fr.    "  Schweinitz's  Polyporus." 

Pileus  thick,  spongy,  tlien  corky,  strigoso-tomentose,  rough, 
briglit  brown  ;  stem  thick,  very  short  or  obsolete,  ferruginous  ; 
pores  large,  variable,  and  torn,  greenish-sulphur. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  433.  Sv.  Bot.  t.  720.  Mich.  t.  70.  /,  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  805. 
Corda.  v.  t.  10./.  88.  Kl.  ex.  no.  513. 

Amongst  roots  of  pines.     Rare.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

It  occurs  with  a  central  stem,  and  also  imbricated,  and  varies  in  the  thick- 
ness of  the  tomentose  coat.— ^.  cD  Br.  Spores  oval,  white  or  transparent, 
•00014  X -00031  in. 


740.  Polyporus  rufescens.     Fr.     "  Bufescent  Polyporus." 

Flesh-coloured.  Pileus  between  spongy  and  corky,  soft,  un- 
equal, hairy ;  stem  short,  irregular  ;  pores  large,  sinuose  and 
lacerated,  white  or  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  4,^^.  Sow.t. 
190. 

On  the  ground,  about  stumps.  [United  States.] 

Smaller  than  P.  Schweinitzii,  softer,  and  of  a  diflferent  colour. 

741.  Polyporus  perennis.    Fr.     "  Perennial  Polyporus." 

Cinnamon,  then  bright  brown.  Pileus  coriaceous,  thin,  plane, 
then  infimdibuliform,  velvety,  becoming  smooth,  zoned ;  stem 
rather  firm,  thickened  below,  velvety ;  pores  minute,  angular, 
acute,  at  first  veiled,  then  naked  and  torn. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  434. 
Eostk.t.G.  Bolt.  tS7.  Sow.t.  1Q2.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1076,  f.l.  Bull. 
(.449,/.  2.  Schceff.t.  126.  Kl.exs.no.  SI.  FcJd.exs.UOO.  Paul. 
M64,/.  5,  G.  Huss.i.t.61.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.l36.  Price,/.  86.  Vent. 
(.61,/  1.  Bisch.f.  3267. 

On  the  ground  and  stumps.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  l|-2  in.  broad,  varying  in  depth  of  colour,  cup-shaped  when  young, 
nearly  plane  when  old  ;  often  confluent,  zoned,  soft  and  velvety,  and  marked 
with  little  raised,  radiating  lines,  giving  it  a  striated  appearance ;  margin 
fimbriate  or  laciniated  ;  pores  sn  ail,  roundish  or  angular, at  length  torn,  de- 
current.  Stem  1  in.  high,  variable  in  thickness,  very  tough,  velvety,  bul- 
bous at  the  hsise.—M.  J.  B.  Spores  oval,  white,  '0001  X  -00018  in.  A  beau- 
tiful variety  occurs  on  charcoal  heaps  in  woods,  with  a  zoned  pileus,  ;dark 
rich  chestnut  brown,  sometimes  almost  jet  black. 


POLTPOREI.  266 

Sect.  2.    Pleuropus — pileus  horizontal,  stem  lateral  or  excentric. 

742.  Polyporus  squamosus.     Fr.      "  Scaly  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  flabelliform,  expanded,  sub-ochraceous, 
variegated,  with  broad,  adpressed,  spot-like,  centrifugal,  darker 
scales;  stem  excentric  and  lateral,  blunt,  reticulated  above, 
blackened  at  the  base  ;  pores  thin,  variable,  at  first  minute,  then 
broad,  angular  and  torn,  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  438.  Grev.  t.  207. 
Eostk.t.2.  Schceff.  M01,102.  i^/.  DaTz.  t  983, 1196.  Bolt.t.77. 
Paul.  1. 16.  Sterb.  1. 13. 14.  Huss.  i.  t.  51.  Cooke,  B.F.  t.  19.  Vent. 
t.  37.  Price,/.  115.  KL  exs.no.  30.  Harz.  t.  32.  Ga7^d.  Chron. 
(1860),;?.  975.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.134:.  FcJcLexs.1328. 

On  trunks,  especially  ash.     Common. 

Solitary  or  imbricated.  From  a  globose,  or  turgid,  scaly,  blackish  Imob, 
arise  one  or  more  stems,  whicli  are  at  first  slightly  compressed,  flat,  and  hol- 
lowed out  above  where  they  are  furfuraceous  ;  gradually  the  depressed  surface 
expands,  and  the  hymenium  is  formed  beneath  the  small  scales  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  stem.  Pileus,  when  fully  expanded,  pallid  ochraceous,  with 
scattered,  brown,  adpressed  scales  ;  spores  oblong,  white.  In  vaults  and 
hollow  trees  it  sometimes  assumes  the  form  of  a  Clavaria,  but  in  this  case 
seldom  produces  a  pileus.— il/.  /.  B.  Spores  oval,  white,  very  large,  "0005 
X  -000025  in. 

743.  Polyporus  Rostkovii.     Fr.     "  Rostkovius's  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  dimidiate,  somewhat  infundibuliform, 
smooth,  even,  clingy  ;  stem  long,  excentric,  reticulated,  abruptly 
black,  base  thickened  ;  pores  decurrent,  broad,  pentagonal,  acute, 
toothed,  white,  then  dirty  yellow.^ — Fr.  Epicr.p.  439.  Eostk.  1. 17. 
Ann.N.H.no.Kd'd.  Bisch.f.  3305. 

On  stumps.     Rare. 

Thin,  flaccid,  6  in.  across,  infundibuliform,  but  often  lateral,  smooth,  even, 
pale  ochraceous,  mottled  below  with  darker  spots  and  virgate,  dark  brown 
at  the  base  ;  margin  lobed,  involute.  Flesh  white,  tough.  Stem  connate, 
black,  tough,  reticulate  from  the  decurrent  pores.  Pores  large,  2  lines  or 
more  long,  elongated,  edge  obtuse,  or  very  thin  and  torn.  Spores  with  two 
nuclei,  '0005  in.  long,  "0002  in.  broad. — B.ctBr. 

744.  Polyporus  picipes.    Fr.     "  Pied-stem  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  coriaceous,  rigid,  tough,  even,  smooth,  depressed 
behind  or  in  the  centre  ;  stem  excentric  and  lateral,  equal,  firm, 
at  first  velvety,  then  naked,  punctate,  with  black  dots ;  pores 
decurrent,  rounded,  small,  tender,  white,  at  length  reddish-grey. 
—Fr.  Epicr.  p.  440.  Grev.  t.  202.  Pers.  Ic.  Pict.  t.  4,/.  1,  2. 
Eostk.  t.  20.  Fckl.exs.  1327. 


266  POLTPOREI. 

On  trunks. 

Imbricated,  flesli  white.  Pileus  depressed  behind,  commonly  emarginate. 
Colour  usually  livid,  with  a  chestnut  coloured  disc. 

745.  Polyporus  varius.     Fr.     "  Variable  Polj^porus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  thin,  soon  woody,  smooth,  sub-virgate, 
irregular,  depressed  behind  or  in  the  centre  ;  stem  excentric  and 
lateral,  even,  smooth,  gradually  blackish-cinereous  downwards  ; 
pores  decurrent,  minute,  short,  rounded,  unequal,  whitish,  or 
watery  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.}^.  440.  Batsch.f.  129.  Bull.t.  360, 
445,/.  2.  Buxh.  v.  t.  16, f.  2.  Bolt.  t.  168.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  136.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  223. 

On  trunks.  [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Variable  in  size,  |-4  in.  broad.  Pileus  hard,  lateral,  excentric  or  regular, 
infundibuliform  or  convex,  deep  red  brown  or  dirty  white,  smooth  and  even. 
Pores  decurrent,  very  minute  and  shallow.  Stem,  when  present,  generally 
either  altogether  or  abruptly  jet  black  at  the  base.  Occasionally  the  stem 
is  altogether  pale. — M-  /■  B. 

746.  Polyporus  elegans.     Fr.     "  Elegant  Polyporus." 

Pileus  equally  fleshy,  soon  indurated,  woody,  expanded,  even, 
smooth,  self-coloured;  stem  excentric  or  lateral,  even,  smooth, 
pallid,  base  from  the  first  abruptly  black,  rooting ;  pores  plane, 
minute,  sub-rotund,  pallid,  yellowish-white. — Fj\  Epkr.p.A^'iO. 
Built.  4:G.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 107b,  f.  1.  Bostk.t.  11.  Boh.  t.  83.  Fckl. 
exs.  1395. 

On  trunks.  [^P-  Carolina.] 

var.  /3.  nummulaxius,  smaller,  thinner,  sub-regular  ;  stem 
equal,  excentric. — Bostk.t.  12.  Bull.t.  124:. 

On  trunks. 

Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  pale  ochre  or  orange,  shining,  not  infundibuliform, 
scarcely  depressed.     In  the  variety  the  pileus  does  not  exceed  1  in. 

747.  Polyporus  quercinus.     Fr.     "  Oak  P0I3 porus." 

Pileus  corky,  soft,  tongue-shaped,  very  thick,  convexo-plane, 
even,  at  first  flocculoso-granulose,  pallid  tan,  narrowed  behind 
into  the  thick  horizontal  stem  ;  pores  short,  minute,  whitish. — 
Fr.Ejncr.p.Ul.  KromhJi.t.6,f.d-b,t.  AS,/.  11-13.  Faul.t.lS, 
f.  1-4.  Huss.  i.  ^.  52.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  344. 

On  old  oaks.     Eare.     Apethorpe,  Kent. 

A  very  distinct  species,  having  somewhat  the  form  of  FistuUna  he^atica. 
It  is  of  a  beautiful  yellow-brown  with  rather  shallow  pores.— £.  d:  Br, 


POLTPOEEI.  267 

748.  Polypoius  lucidus.     Fr.    "  Shining  Pol}T3orii3." 

Pileus  corky  or  woody,  flabelliform,  sulcate,  rugose,  yellow, 
then  reddish-cliestnut,  varnished  and  shining,  as  well  as  the 
lateral,  equal  stem  ;  pores  determinate,  long,  minute,  white,  then 
cinnamon. — Fr.Epicr.p.A:4:2.  Grev.t.24:b.  RostJc.t.l^.  Krorahh. 
t.  4,/.  22-24.  Sow.  1. 134.  Paul.  1. 10,/.  1-2.  {Batt.  t.  36.  t.  35, 
D.  var.)  Berk.  Outl.  1. 15,/.  2.  Eng.  Fl.  v.^;.  136.  Vent.  t.  49,/  1, 
2.  Roq,t.'2J.l. 

On  the  ground  about  stumps.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  2-6  in.  broad,  generally  more  or  less  oblique,  very  variable  in  thick- 
ness, rugose,  often  marked  with  concentric  grooves  or  ridges  chocolate  brown, 
the  edge  often  tawny  or  bright  chestnut,  shining  as  if  varnished,  with  occa- 
sionally a  vitreous  appearance.  Pores  very  minute,  sub-rotund,  pale,  equal, 
at  length  cinnamon.  Stem  6-10  in.  high,  1  in.  or  more  thick,  rugose,  marked 
occasionally  with  transverse  lines  of  growth,  shiningr  like  the  pileus,  some- 
times chocolate.  Both  the  pileus  and  stem  occasionally  marked  with  minute 
wavy  wrinkles. — M.  J.  B. 


Sect.  3.     Merisma — divided  into  numerous  pileoli. 

749.  Polyporus  intybaceus.     Fr,     "  Grey-branched 

Polyporus." 

Very  much  branched,  fleshy,  somewhat  brittle,  pileoli  very 
numerous,  dimidiate,  expanded,  sinuate,  at  length  spathulate, 
nearly  even,  greyish -brown ;  stems  united  into  a  very  short 
trunk;  pores  firm,  obtuse,  white,  then  brownish. — Fr.Epicr.p. 
446.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1793.  Paul.  t.  30.  Huss.  It.Q.  Sow.  t.  87.  P. 
frondosus,  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  137. 

On  trunks.     Rare.     Esculent. 

Pilei  very  numerous,  dimidiate,  condensed  into  a  convex  tuft,  ^-1  foot 
broad,  imbricated,  variously  confluent,  irregular,  at  first  downy,  dusky,  then 
smooth,  livid  grey,  disc  depressed,  dilated  above,  ^-l  in.  broad,  convex,  the 
base  confluent  with  the  compound  stem.  Smell  like  that  of  mice. — Fries. 
Spores  oval,  white,  -0002  X  '00014  in. 

750.  Polyporus  cristatus.     Fr.     •*  Crested  Polyporus." 

Branched,  firmly  fleshy,  fragile,  pileoli  entire  and  dimidiate, 
imbricated,  depressed,  somewhat  pulverulent  or  villous,  then 
rimoso-squamose,  greenish-brown  ;  stems  connate,  irregular, 
white ;  pores  minute,  angular  and  torn,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
U7.  Bostk.t.  16.  Schceff.t.  113?  Ejig. Fl.x. p.  13S.  KrombJi.t. 
48,/ 15, 16.  Barla.t.2d,f.4:-7.  Bisch.f.  32 dl.  Fckl.  exs.  13'^4:. 

In  beech  woods.     Rare.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

K  2 


268 


POLTPOEEI. 


Stem  lateral,  irregular,  pruinose,  white,  at  length  brown.  Pilei  sub- 
carnose,  irregular,  confluent  in  an  involute  manner,  villoso-pulverulent,  about 
3  in.  broad,  yellow-green.  Pores  unequal,  dirty-white,  when  torn  more  or 
less  of  a  green  hue. — Fries. 

751.        Polyporus  giganteus.     Fr.     *' Large-branched  Polyporus." 

Imbricated,  fleshy,  tough,  somewhat  coriaceous ;  pilei  dimi- 
diate, very  broad,  flaccid,  somewhat  zoned,  rivulose,  bright- 
brown,  depressed  behind  ;  stem  branched,  connate  from  a  common 
tuber ;  pores  minute,  nearly  round,  pallid,  at  length,  torn. — Fr. 
Epicr.}-).  448.  Eostk.  1. 19.  Schceff.  t.  267.  Bolt.t.  76.  Huss,  i.  t, 
82.  Holms.  1. 13,  var.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  137.  Bisch.f.  3324.  Fl.  Dan. 
i.  1793.  Fckl.exs.no.lSdl. 


On  trunks.     Eare. 


[Low.  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 


Forming  large  tufts,  1-2  feet  or  more  broad,  branched  in  an  imbricated 
manner.  Pilei  sublateral,  flaccid,  various  in  form,  the  surface  granulated 
with  minute  brown  flocci,  rigid,  when  dry  squamoso-fibrillose,  at  first  pale, 
then  brownish-yellow,  disc  depressed,  at  length  black.  Pores  minute,  dirty 
brown  when  bruised,  at  length  torn.— U/ig.  Fl.  (Fig.  64,  redticed.) 

752.  Polypoirus  sulfureus.    Fr.    "  Sulphury  Polyporus." 

C^espitose,  of  a  cheesy  consis- 
tence, soon  growing  pale,  crack- 
ing ;  pileoli  very  broad,  imbrica- 
ted, undulated,  nearly  smooth, 
reddish-yellow  ;  pores  minute, 
plane,  sulphur-coloured,  at  length 
torn. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  450.  Grev.  t. 
113.  Bisch.f.  3287.  Kl.exs.no. 
1005.  Bostk.t.20.  Bull.t.A2d. 
Sow.  1. 136.  IIuss.i.t.4:6.  Berk. 
Outl.t.ie,/.  3.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.  138. 
Letell.  t.  626.  Price./.  116.  Fckl. 
exs.  1392. 

[United  States.] 

Pilei  imbricated, forming  a  large,compact,  somewhat  branched  mass,some- 
times  2-3  feet  broad.  Pores  minute,  often  formed  of  inflexed  or  incurved 
portions  of  the  mass.  Spores  white.  Dry  specimens  are  often  incrusted 
with  crystals  of  bin  oxalate  of  potash.— .S??^.  Fl.  Spores  oval,  white,  mi- 
nutely papillose,  '0003  X  '00023  in.  (Fig.  65,  reduced.) 


Fig.  65. 
On  trunks.     Common. 


753. 


Polyporus  alligatus.    Fr.     '•  Connected  Polyporus." 

Caespitose,  fibrous  or  of  a  cheesy  consistence,  rigid,  but  brittle ; 
pileoli  imbricated,  unec[ual,  without  zones,  villous,  isabelline  or 


POLTPOEEI.  269 

tan-coloured ;  pores  minute,  soft,  white,  easily  obliterated  with 
flocci. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  450.  Sow.  t.  422. 

At  the  base  of  trunks.     Rare. 

754.  Polyporus  heteroclitus.     Fj\      "  Ground  Polyporus." 

Cgespitose,  coriaceous ;  pileoli  sessile,  expanded  everywhere 
from  a  common,  radical  tubercle,  lobed,  villous,  without  zones, 
orange;  pores  irregular  and  elongated,  golden -yellow. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  Vol.  BolLt.lQ4:.  Eng.Fl.y.j). 136. 

On  the  ground,  under  oaks. 

Pileus  2^  in.  broad.  It  shoots  out  several  flat  pieces  from  a  hard  and  co- 
riaceous root,  which  is  white  within,  lying  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  in  a 
horizontal  direction.    Pores  very  variable  in  size  and  form. — Piirton,^ 

755.  Polyporus  salignus.     IV.    "  Willow  Polyporus." 

Imbricate,  ctespitose,  coriaceous,  soft,  elastic ;  pileoli  dimi- 
diate, dilated,  reniform,  incrusted  with  adpressed,  whitish  down, 
tumid,  sublobate,  somewhat  sulcate  and  depressed  about  the  mar- 
gin ;  pores  thin,  frowded,  elongated,  flexuose,  intricate,  white. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  452.  Bolt.  t.  78.  Batt.  t.  38,  E.  F.  salicinus,  Grev., 
Rostk.  t.  2. 

On  willows. 

Sect.  4.     Apus — Sessile. 

A.     Anodermei. 

756.  Polyporus  epileucus.     Fr.    "  Grey-elm  Polyporus." 

Pileus  of  a  cheesy  consistence,  firm,  pulvinate,  villoso-scru- 
pose,  unequally  grey,  internally  white-zoned;  pores  round  and 
elongated,  obtuse,  entire,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  452.  Rostk.  t.  26. 
Smith.  Seem.  Journ.  1868,  p.  34.  P.  spumeus,  Fl.Dan.t.  1794. 

On  elm  trunks.    Nov.    HoUoway.    London.    [United  States.] 

It  is  a  very  large  and  handsome  species,  stemless,  of  a  rich  but  subdued 
yellow  colour,  and  somewhat  corky  consistence  j  the  tubes  are  very  minute, 
and  about  f  of  an  inch  long ;  the  pileus  is  tough,  shaggy,  and  dingy-white. — 
W.  G.  S. 

757.  Polyporus  chioneus.     Fr.     "  Soft  white  Polyporus." 

White.  Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  without  zones,  somewhat  even  and 
smooth,  rather  expanded  behind ;  margin  acute,  inflexed ;  pores 
short,  small,  rounded,  equal,  quite  entire. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  453. 
Fers.  M.E.  ii.,  1. 15.  /.  2.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  806. 


270  POLYPOREI. 


On  trunks. 


\ 


Always  soft,  fragile,  hyaline  white  when  moist,  whitish  when  dry,  about 
1  in.  broad.     Spores  white,  oval,  'OUOS   X  -00013  in. 

758.  Polyporus  fragilis.     Fr.     "Fragile  Polyporus." 

Wliitisli,  spotted  with  brown  when  touched;  pileus  between 
fleshy  and  fibrous,  fragile,  piano-depressed,  or  versiform,  fibroso- 
rugose,  convex  below  :  pores  slender,  elongated,  flexuose,  intri- 
cate.— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  -iS-i.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  710. 

On  fir.     Cornwall. 

759.  Polypo2U3  cassius.     Fr.     -'•  Blue-grey  Polyporus." 

White,  here  and  there  tinged  with  blue  ;  pileus  fleshy,  soft, 
tough,  unequal,  silky  ;  pores  small,  unequal,  elongated,  flexuose, 
dentate,  and  torn. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.4:D4:.  Sow.  t.  226.  Eng.Fl.  v. 
i?.  139.  Fl.  Dan.t.  1963./ 2. 

On  fallen  sticks.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

A  small  species,  ^-3  in.  broad,  variously  imbricated  and  laciniated,  some- 
times stipitate,  very  delicate,  changing  when  touched  to  bluish  ;  flesh  thin; 
pores  of  various  lengths,  sometimes  oblique,  and  deeper  than  the  flesh  of  the 
pileus. — M.J.B.     Spores  pale  blue,  oval,  "OOOlX'OOOS  in. 

760.  Polyporus  destructor.    Fr.     "  Destructive  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  watery,  fragile,  effused  or  reflexed,  rugose, 
whitish,  tinged  with  brown,  zoned  within ;  pores  long,  rounded, 
toothed,  and  torn,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  454.  Kromhh.  t.  3, 
/.  3.  Eostk.  t.27.  Bisch.f.  3422.  Kl.  exs.no.  226. 

On  larch  and  Scotch  fir,  and  on  the  ground.     [Mid.  Carolina.] 
Waved  and  incrusting,  broad,  wholly  resupinate. 

761.  Polyporus  nidulans.     Fr.     "  Nestling  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  very  soft,  subpulvinate,  villous,  becom- 
ing even,  not  zoned,  reddish-grey,  within  of  the  same  colour  ; 
pores  long,  medium  sized,  unec[ual,  angular,  tawny,  inclining  to 
brick-red. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  455.  Schceff.  t.  136?  Ann.  N.H.  no.  345. 
Kl.exs.no.  80^,  1914. 

On  fallen  sticks. 

Fragrant  when  dry  ;  colour  of  the  pileus  rufescent  or  yellowish  ;  margin 
spreading,  somewhat  obtuse. 

762.  Polyporus  rutilans.    Fr-     *'  Pieddish  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  thin,  soft,  at  first  villous,  then  smooth, 
not  zoned,  tawny  cinnamon,   growing  pale,  of  the  same  colour 


POLYPOREI.  271 

within  ;    pores  short,  minute,  thin,  equal,   acute,    cinnamon. — 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  455.  Pers.  Ic.  ^  Desc.  t.  6,  /.  -i.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  346. 
On  fallen  branches.     July. 

When  fresh  very  soft,  of  a  beautiful  reddish  grey,  and  with  a  powerful  but 
pleasant  odour,  like  that  of  aniseed.  —L.  tD  Br. 

763.  Polyporus  fumosus.     Fr.     "  Smoky  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  corky,  firm,  without  zones,  silky,  becoming 
smooth,  undulated,  dingy  pale  umber,  dilated  and  adnate 
behind,  fibrous  within  and  somewhat  zoned ;  pores  short,  round, 
minute,  whitish  or  dingy,  darker  when  bruised. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  456.  Tratt.  Aust.  t  .3.f.  5.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1963.  /.  2.  Fl.Boruss. 
t.8d2.  Bail.t.  31.  Fckl.exs.  1391. 

On  stumps. 

Csespitose  or  imbricated,  thick,  of  a  smoky  hue. 

764.  Polyporus  adustus.     Fr.    "  Scorched  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  firm,  thin,  villous,  pallid  cinereous, 
margin  straight,  blackish,  efFuso-reflexed  behind;  pores  short, 
minute,  round,  obtuse,  whitish  pruinose,  soon  cinereous  brown. — 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  450.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  ISdO,/.!.  Batsch,f.226.  Sow. 
t.  231.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  139.  Kl.  exs.  no.  620.  ii.  412.  Fckl.exs. 
1390. 

On  stumps.  [United  States.] 

Pores  very  small  and  grey,  even  in  younger  specimens  always  leaving  a 
whitish  margin  on  the  underside,  which  will  readily  distinguish  it. — Sow. 

765.  Polyporus  crispus.     Fr.     "  Crisped  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  coriaceous,  rugose,  blackish-cinereous, 
effuso-reflexed  behind ;  margin  thin,  crisped,  at  length  black ; 
pores  rather  large,  unequal,  at  length  labyrinthiform,  silvery- 
grey. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  457.  Batsch,  f.221 . 

On  stumps.  [Mid.  and  Up.  Carolina.] 

Smaller  than  P.  arfiistics.  Pileus  when  young  dingy  black,  floccoso-rugose, 
without  zones  j  margin  white,  when  mature  thinner,  becoming  pale-grey, 
with  a  brown  marginal  zone. 

766.  Polyporus  adiposus.     B.^^Br.     "  Foxy- white   Polyporus." 

White,  here  and  there  acquiring  a  foxy  tinge  ;  pileus  soft, 
waxy,  shortly  reflexed,  obscurely  tomentose ;  hymenium  rather 
thick  ;  pores  small,  edge  obtuse. — Berk.  Outl.p.  243.  Ann.  N.H. 
no. 111. 


\ 

272  POLTPOEEI. 

On  the  ground. 

Yery  variable  in  form,  sometimes  fixed  by  the  apes,  sometimes  resupinate, 
white,  waxy,  thickish  when  fresh,  but  losing  much  of  its  substance  in  age, 
here  and  there  acquiring  a  foxy  tinge  ;  substance  not  zoned  within ;  pores 
when  horizontal  with  the  edges  even,  but  often  elongated  and  irregular,  not 
stratose  ;  surface  scarcely  tomentose,  uneven.  Turning  brownish  in  drying. 
—B.  d;  Br. 

767.  Polyporus  amorphus.     Fr.     "  AiDorphous  Polypoms." 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  thin,  generally  effuso-reflexed,  pores 
minute,  unequal,  golden-yellow,  at  first  dusted  with  white. — Fr. 
Epicr.pAhl.  SoiL\t.^22,.  Nees.f.22^.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.lSd.Fckl. 
exs.  1372. 

On  the  ground  amongst  pine  leaves. 

Eesupinate  with  the  upper  margin  reflexed  or  dimidiate,  imbricated, 
somewhat  zoned,  white  and  silky  ;  pores  minute,  short,  yellowish,  or  rich 
tawny,  pniinose  when  young. — J/.  /.  B. 

768.  Polyporus  hispidus.     Fr,     "  Hispid  Polyporus." 

Pileus  compact,  spongy,  fleshy,  dimidiate,  pulvinate,  hispid, 
sub-ferruginous,  divergently  fibrous  within  ;  pores  minute,  round, 
inclined  to  separate,  fringed,  paler. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  458.  Grev.  t. 
14.  Bolt.t.lQ>l.  Sow.t.Mb.  Bull.  t.  210,493.  Krombh.tAH, 
/.  7-10.  Huss.  i.  ^.29,31.  Eng.Fl.  v.  p.  138.  KLexs.no.  1913. 
Fckl.exs.  1389. 

On  trunks  of  living  trees.     Common.      [United  States.] 

Spores  yellowish.  Pileus  a  foot  or  more  across,  4  in.  thick,  dimidiate,  with 
occasionally  an  obsolete,  knob-like  stem,  generally  very  hispid,  but  some- 
times almost  smooth  and  cracked,  substance  fleshy  but  fibrous,  marked  with 
concentric  lines,  which  seem  to  indicate  diiTerent  intervals  in  which  vege- 
tation has  been  more  or  less  dormant,  brown,  blackish,  yellowish,  or  reddish- 
brown,  below  pale  yellow  or  rich  sienna  brown,  margin  paler. — J/.  J.  B. 

769.  Polyporus  cuticularis.     Fr.     "  Hairy  Polyporus." 

Pileus  very  thin,  spongioso-camose,  then  dry,  plane,  hairy- 
tomentose,  ferruginous,  then  blackish-brown  ;  margin  fibroso- 
fimbriate,  internally  loose  and  parallel,  fibrous ;  pores  long, 
minute,  pallid,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  458.  B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.  N.  H.  (1866),  no.  1137.  Bull.  t.  462.  Kl.  exs.  no.  33. 

On  trunks.     Burnham  Beeches. 

The  hairs  are  curiously  trifid  at  the  apex,  the  spores  yellow.  Pores  longer 
than  the  thickness  of  the  flesh.     Spores  copious,  ochraceous. 


POLTPOEEI.  273 

770.  Polyporus  spuxneus.     Fr,     '' Oozing  Polyporns." 

Whitish.  Pileiis  fleshy,  spongy,  compact,  pnlvinate,  gibbons, 
rngose,  hispid ;  base  stem-like  ;  margin  incurved  ;  pores  seced- 
ing, minute, round,  acute,  entire. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  459.  Sow.  t.  211. 
Berk.  ChM.  1. 16,/.  4.  Eng.Fl.  v.  p.  1.39.  Ann.  N.B.  no.  78.  Fckl 
exs.  no.  1384. 

On  trunks. 

Plant  3-4  in.  across,  tbict,  oozing  out  from  the  tree  in  a  very  soft  mass, 
which  hardens  in  a  day,  and  if  it  dries  favourably  the  pileus  becomes  hispid. 
—Eng.  Fl. 

B.     Placodermei. 

771.  Polyporus  dryadeus.     Fr.     "Dripping  Polyporus." 

Pileus  spongy,  fleshy,  then  corky,  thick,  pulvinate,  sub-ferru- 
ginous, turning  brown ;  cuticle  thin,  soft,  pitted,  then  even  and 
smooth  ;  flesh  fibrous,  somewhat  zoned,  ferruginous  ;  pores  very 
long,  slender,  round,  soft,  ferruginous,  orifice  at  first  paler. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  460.  Bull.  t.  458.  Huss.  \'.t.  21.  Eng.  FL  v.  p.  14.3. 
Rostk.  t.  9. 

At  the  foot  of  old  oaks. 

Pileus  7  in.  or  more  broad,  2^  in.  thick,  obtase,  pulvinate,  grossly  tuber- 
culated,  minutely  pitted  towards  the  edge,  and  when  fresh  distilling  drops 
of  moisture,  which  is  sometimes  glutinous.  When  young  cinnamon,  when 
old  cinereous  or  whitish,  and  the  white  surface  when  bruised  changes  to 
red-brown.  Mass  of  spores  nearly  plane,  pores  minute  red-brown  within, 
their  orifices  whitish  or  sub-cinereous  ;  substance  silky ;  smell  strong,  sub- 
acid.— M.  J.  B. 

772.  Polyporus  betulinus.     Fr.    "Birch  Polyporus." 

Pileus  fleshy,  then  corky,  ungulate,  obtuse,  smooth,  without 
zones ;  cuticle  even,  evanescent,  brownish,  vertex  oblique,  um- 
bonately  expanded,  adnate  ;  pores  short,  minute,  round,  unequal, 
white,  at  length  seceding. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  461.  Grev.  t.  246.  Rostk. 
t.  22.  Built.  ^12.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 126^.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.UO.  Bisch. 
/.  3296.  Kl.exs.no.  32.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1387. 

On  birch  trees. 

Pileus  4-6  in.  across,  smooth,  pale  reddish-brown  when  mature,  often 
mottled,  roundish,  or  somewhat  reniform  ;  flesh  white,  very  thick ;  pores 
•white  or  tinged  with  brown,  narrow,  the  orifices  toothed,  separable  from  the 
pileus  when  fresh,  but  really  concrete  with  it.  Spores  white. —  Grev.  Taste 
and  amell  acid. 

K    5 


274  POLTPOREI. 

773.  Polyporus  pallescens.     Fr.     "  Pallid  Polyporup." 

Pileiis  fleshy,  spongy,  then  corky,  thin,  zoneless,  even,  smooth, 
yellowish ;  margin  acute,  of  the  same  colour ;  pores  short,  minute, 
roundish,  yellowish  white. — Fr.  Epicr.}!.  463.  Sow.  t.  230.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  141.  Fchl.exs.no.  1379. 

On  old  stumps.  [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Thin,  imbricated,  2-3  in.  or  more  broad,  with  scarcely  any  trace  of  zonea, 
more  or  less  tuberculatod,  pores  minute,  many  quite  superficial,  but  towards 
the  base  a  line  or  more  deep,  with  a  pulverulent  appearance,  aiising  from  a 
very  minute  dovra. — M.  J.  B. 

774.  Polyporus  vegetus.     Fr.     "  Lime  Polyporus." 

Pileus  broad,  dilated,  smooth,  opaque,  brown,  annual  zone 
broad,  concentrically  sulcate,  substance  floccose,  lax,  very  thin  ; 
cuticle  of  the  second  season  thick,  separable  ;  pores  minute,  sece- 
ding, umber,  each  annual  stratum  separated  by  a  distinct  floccose 
layer. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  464.  Ray.  Syn.  ii.  app.  335. 

On  lime  trees. 

775.  Polyporus  applanatus.     Fr.     "  Flattened  Polyporus." 

Pileus  expanded,  tuberculose,  obsoletely  zoned,  pulverulent, 
or  smooth,  cinnamon,  becoming  whitish,  cuticle  crustaceous, 
rigid,  at  length  fragile,  within  very  soft,  loosely  floccose  ;  margin 
tumid,  white,  then  cinnamon;  pores  very  small,  sub-ferruginous, 
orifice  whitish,  brownish  when  bruised. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  465.  Batsch. 
f.  130.  Bull.  t.  454,/.  C.  Fl.  Boruss.  t.  393.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1388. 

On  trunks.  [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

776.  Polyporus  foment  axius.     Fr.     "  Dingy -hoof  Polyporus." 

Pileus  ungulate,  dilated,  thick,  smooth,  remotely  and  concen- 
trically zoned,  smooth,  opaque,  dingy,  becoming  whitish,  soft 
within,  floccose,  tawny-ferruginous,  cuticle  thick,  very  hard,  per- 
sistent; margin,  and  very  long  minute  pores,  distinctly  stratose,  at 
first  pruinose,  then  ferruginous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  465.  Lenz.f.4:S. 
Soiv.  1. 133.  Batt.  t.  S7,f.  E.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  144.  Kl.  exs.  no.  222. 
Schnz.  t.  16,/.  28.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1386. 

On  trunks.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  4-5  in.  broad,  subtriangular,  obsoletely  zoned,  nodulose,  brownish- 
grey,  resembling  coffee  slightly  tinged  with  milk,  sometimes  in  age,  es- 
pecially when  growing  on  birch,  nearly  white,  occasionally  tinged  with 
bright  yellow  ;  margin  in  general  sub-acute,  but  sometimes  very  obtuse, 


POLTPOEEI.  275 

substance  reddish-brown,  varying  in  density.  Pores  very  minute,  stratified, 
whitish,  glaucous,  or  yellomsh-grey,  at  length  ferruginous,  the  mass  of 
them  generally  concave. — M.  J.  B. 

777.  Polyporus  nigricans.     Fr.     *' Black -hoof  Polyporus." 

Pileus  pulvinate,  very  thick,  densely  and  concentrically  sulcate, 
smooth,  shining,  black,  cuticle  very  hard,  crustaceous,  yarnished, 
persistent,  internally  very  hard,  fen-uginons  ;  margin  very  obtuse, 
ferruginous  ;  pores  very  small,  plane,  confluent,  stratose,  naked, 
of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Fpicr.p.  "^(jQ.  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  144.  Bisch. 
f.  3426. 

On  birch. 
Similar  in  form  to  P.  fomentariv^y  but  manifestly  distinct. 

778.  Polyporus  igniaxius.     Fr.    "  Rusty-hoof  Polyporus." 

Pileus  at  first  tuberculoso-globose  (immarginate),  even,  with 
a  thin  flocculent  crust  which  becomes  white,  then  ungulate  fer- 
ruginous, becoming  blackish-brown,  opaque  ;  cuticle  concrete, 
pitted  unequally,  very  hard,  as  well  as  the  zoned,  ferruginous 
flesh  ;  margin  rounded  ;  pores  very  small,  convex,  stratose,  cin- 
namon, at  first  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  466.  Lenz.  f.  47.  Fckl. 
exs.no.  1383  {?)  Soiv.t.lS'2.  Mich.  t.  62.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  lU. 
Vent.  t.  61,/.  4.  Kl.  exs.no.  363. 

On  willows,  poplars,  plums,  &c.    Common.    [United  States.] 

The  pileus  is  narrower  and  much  thickerthan  in  P. /o?rt/e/tta/'<"//.?,  resembling 
a  horse's  hoof;  margin  obtuse,  and  the  mass  of  tubes  in  general  plane  or 
very  convex.    Occasionally  the  pileus  is  imperfectly  developed. — M.J.B. 

779.  Polyporus  fulvus.     Fr.    "  Tawny-hoof  Polyporus." 

Pileus  between  woody  and  corky,  very  hard,  globoso-tubercn- 
lose,  then  triangular,  subimbricate,  at  first  hairy  or  villous,  pale 
tawny ;  margin  rounded,  internally  of  the  same  colour,  radiating 
and  zoned ;  pores  short,  round,  rather  minute,  cinnamon,  at  first 
covered  with  a  cinereous-yellow  dust. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  466.  Rosth. 
t.3l.  Tratt.  Aust.t.  5,/.  9.  Batt.t.  37,  H.  B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.U. 
(1866),  7Z0. 1138.  Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1810, p.  83. 

On  decayed  trunks.     Batheaston. 

Distinct  from  P.  igniaritts,  to  which  it  is  allied. 

780.  Polyporus  rib  is.     Fr.     "  Currant-bush  Polypoms." 

Pileus  corky,  coriaceous,  rather  soft,  somewhat  plane,  velvety, 
nearly  even,  ferruginous,   then  umber ;    margin  acute  ;    pores 


276  POLYPOREI. 

short,  small,  naked,  tawny,  as  well  as  the  margin  and  flesh. — Fr, 
Epicr.  p.  467.  Fl.  Dan.  tA790,f.  2.  Desm.  exs.  no.  314.  Eng.  Fl. 
Y.p,  145.  Corda.  Sturm,  t.  62.  Kl.  exs.  no.  118.  Fchl.exs.no.  1381. 

At  the  base  of  currant  and  gooseberry  bushes.     Common. 

Imbricated,  3  in.  or  raoro  broad,  thin,  zoned,  and  velvety,  of  a  rather  ricb. 
tawny-brown;  margin  paler  and  brighter  ;  substance  soft,  silky  ;  pores  short, 
larger  than  in  P.  ij/iiariusy  brownish-grey. — M.  J.  B. 

781.  Polyporus  conchatus.     Fr.     •'  Shell -shaped  Polyporus," 

Pileus  corky  or  woody,  thin,  effuse,  sub-conchiform,  reflexed, 
concentrically  sulcate,  tomentose,  bright-brown ;  margin  acute ; 
pores  short,  small,  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  467.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p. 
145.  Fckl.  exs,  no.  1382. 

On  trunks.  [Low.  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 

The  principal  distinction  between  this  and  P.  ribis  appears  to  reside  in  the 
harder  substance,  and  smoother  pileus.  It  varies  in  the  degree  in  which  its 
surface  is  grooved. — M.J.  B. 

782.  Folypoirus  salicinus.     Fr.    "  Scented-willow  Polyporus." 

Pileus  woody,  very  hard,  undulate,  smooth,  in  great  part  resupi- 
nate  ;  margin  short,  obtuse,  patent,  cinnamon,  then  brown  ;  pores 
very  small,  round,  ferruginous,  cinnamon. — Fr.  Epic  r.p.  467. 
Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  140.    Ann.  N.H.  no.  346,  B. 

On  willows.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Hard  when  dry.    Scent  very  strong,  like  that  of  aniseed  in  the  fresh  plant. 

783.  Polyporus  ulmazius.     Fr.     "  Elm  Polyporus." 

Pileus  corky  or  woody,  undulated,  tuberculose,  crustaceous, 
smooth,  white  without  and  within ;  pores  decurrent,  minute, 
round,  stratose,  yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  469.  Soiv.  ^.'88.  Batt. 
t.  36,/.  C.  Huss.  i.  t.  64.  Berh.  Outl.  t.  16,/.  5.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  142. 
Kl.exs.  ii.  no.  616. 

On  old  elms.     Common. 

Effused  with  an  obtnse,  occasionally  free  margin,  forming  a  new  stratum 
every  year,  so  that  a  section  gives  several  distinct  layers  of  pores  and  flesh, 
alternating  with  each  other ;  flesh  white  ;  pores  minutely  tawny  ;  substance, 
when  dry,  hard  and  corky.— -J/.  /.  B. 

784.  Polyporus  fraxineus.    Fr.     "  Ash  Polyporus." 

Pileus  corky  or  woody,  smooth,  flattened,  zoneless,  white,  then 
rubiginous  and  brown  ;  at  first  even,  then  concentrically  sulcato- 
plicate,  pallid  within;  pores  minute,  short,  rufous,  at  first  clothed 


POLTPOEEI.  277 

with  white  sebaceous  down,  as  well  as  the  margin. — Fr.Epicr.p, 
^70.  Bull,  t ASS.  Eng.FLY.p.U2. 

At  the  base  of  ash  trees. 

Solitary  or  imbricated,  thick,  rugged,  somewhat  zoned,  dark  red-brqwn ; 
substance  corky,'pale.  Pores  minute,  pale,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pileus 
within.    Smell  strong  and  penetrating. — M.J.  B. 

785.  Polyporus  cytisinus.     Berk.     "Laburnum  Polyporus." 

Large,  imbricated  ;  pileus  coarsely  tuberculated,  hard,  woody  ; 
margin  subacute ;  substance  nearly  white,  as  well  as  the  minute 
pores. — Berk.  Outl.p.  247.  Sow.  t.  288.  Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  142. 

At  the  foot  of  a  laburnum.     London. 

A  foot  or  more  across.  Imbricated,  dimidiate,  quite  smooth,  at  least  when 
dry,  but  coarsely  tuberculated  ;  substance  slightly  zoned,  very  thick  and  close, 
pale,  evidently  composed  of  two  or  three  successive  layers. — M.J.B. 

786.  Polyporus  variegatus.     Fr.    "  Variegated  PoljTDorus." 

Pileus  between  corky  and  woody,  smooth,  flattened,  even, 
toneless,  shining,  variegated  with  orange  and  bay,  pallid  within ; 
Dores  round,  minute,  short,  unequal,  and  torn,  yellowish. — Fr. 
^Epicr.p.  470.  Sow.  t.  368. 

On  trunks. 

787.  Polyporus  cervinus.     Pers.  "Fawn-coloured Polyporus." 

Effused,  very  broad ;  pileus  somewhat  reflexed,  zoned,  cine- 
reous-umber, clothed  with  spongy  down ;  pores  large,  variable, 
greyish;  dissepiments  rigid. — Pers.  M.  E.ii. p.  87.  Ann.  N.  H. 
no.  347. 

On  fallen  branches  of  beech.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Eemarkable  for  its  large  pores  and  rigid  dissepiments,  especially  when 
young. — B.  <b  Br. 

788.  Polyporus  annosus.     Fr.     "  Imbricated  Polyporus." 

Pileus  woody,  convex,  expanded,  rugoso-tuberculose,  in  the 
first  season  silky,  in  the  second,  and  after,  covered  with  a  rigid, 
smooth,  blackish  crust,  white  within;  margin  obtuse,  whitish, 
as  well  as  the  medium-sized,  obtuse  pores. — Fr.Epicr. p.  4:71. 
Schcef.  1. 138./.  1-3.  P.  Scoticus,  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  142. 

On  stumps  of  larch.  [United  States.] 

,  Forming  masses  3-18  in.  wide  of  imbricated,  rugged,  or  radiato-striate, 
brown  pilei,  occasionally  tawny  towards  the  margin,  marked  with  strong, 
vaulted  zones,  which  arise  from  each  annual  layer  projecting  beyond  that  of 


278  POLTPOREI. 

the  precedlnfj  year  ;  substance  white,  hard,  and  woody ;  pores  middle-sized, 
white,  or  with  a  pale  reddish-brown  tint,  marpfined  above  as  well  as  below, 
so  that  each  layer  appears  resupinate. — M. ./.  B. 

789.  Polyporus  connatus.     Fr.     "  Connate  Polyporus." 

Pileiis  between  corky  and  woody,  cffuso-reflexed,  imbricated, 
snbzonate,  confluent,  velvety,  white  withont  and  within  ;  pores 
minute,  roundish,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  472.  Baft.  t.  37.  G. 

On  old  trunks  of  crab  trees,  &;c.,  "  running  up  them  for  one  or 
two  feet,  often  amongst  moss." 

C.    Inodermei. 

790.  Polyporus  radiatus.     Fr.     "  Hazel  Polyporus." 

Pileus  corky,  coriaceous,  rigid,  radiato-rugose,  at  first  velvety, 
tawny,  then  smooth,  ferruginous  brown  ;  margin  patent,  repand; 
pores  minute,  pallid,  silvery-shining,  at  length  ferruginous. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  474.  Sow.  t.  190.  Batt,  t.  39.  C.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  143. 

On  hazel  stems.  [Up.  Carolina.] 

Tawny  specimens  of  P.  versicolor  sometimes  occur  very  much  resembling 
this  species,  which  is,  however,  altogether  distinct. 

791.  Polyporus  fibula.     Fr.     "  Button  Polyporus." 

White ;  pileus  coriaceous,  tough,  soft,  hairy,  substrigose, 
zoneless;  margin  entire,  acute;  pores  rather  small,  round,  acute, 
at  length  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  475.  Sow.  t.  387. 

On  the  door  of  a  wine  cellar. 

Variable  in  form  ;  pileus  adnate  behind.    The  usually  recorded  habitat  is 
"  branches  of  oak,"  &c. 

792.  Polyporus  hirsutus.     Fr.     "  Bristly  Polyporus." 

Pileus  corky,  coriaceous,  convexo-plane,  hairy  with  rigid 
bristles,  zoned  with  concentric  furrows,  of  one  colour,  whitish ; 
pores  round,  obtuse,  whitish,  then  brownish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  A77. 
B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866)  no.  1139.  Kl.  exs.  no.  810.  Fckl.  exs. 
no.  1378. 

On  dead  trunks.     Near  Twycross.  [United  States.] 

793.  Polyporus  velutinus.     Fr,    "  Velvety  Polyporus." 

Pileus  corky,  coriaceous,  plane,  velvety,  slightly  zoned,  white, 
at  length  yellowish  ;  margin  extenuated,  acute ;  pores  round, 
minute,  slender,  white. — Fr.  S.  M.  i.  p.  368.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  141, 
Kl.  exs.  ii.  no.  701.  Eabh.  F.E.  no.  15.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1377. 


POLTPOKEI.  279 

On  brandies.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

More  or  less  imbricated.  Pileus  2-3  in.  broad,  velvety,  undulated,  ob- 
scurely zoned,  between  corky  and  leathery  ;  margin  thinner  than  in  P.  ver- 
sicolor,  shrinking,  and  curling  inwards  when  dried,  colour  various,  whitish, 
with  a  cottony  margin,  yellowish  fuscous,  or  brownish  grey,  the  lattermost 
common;  pores  whitish  or  yellowish,  minute,  round,  very  short,  often  dis- 
appearing towards  the  margin.— G-Vey. 

794.  Polyporus  versicolor.    Fr.    "  Common  Zoned  Polyporus." 

Pilens  coriaceous,  thin,  rigid,  plane,  depressed  beliind,  velvety, 
nearly  even  and  shining,  variegated  with  coloured  zones  ;  pores 
minute,  round,  acute,  and  torn,  white,  then  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  478.  Sterh.  t.  27,  K.  Batt.t.So.  A.  Schwff.  t.  268.  Huss.  i. 
t.2\.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.m.  Price,/.  127.  Cooke exs.no.  303.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  120.  ii.  no.  209.   Corda  Anl.  H.f.  75.  FcTcl.  exs.  no.  1375. 

On  stumps,  branches,  &c.     Common.      [United  States.] 

Variable,  sometimes  quite  resupinate,  or  with  the  margin  reflexed,  more 
generally  dimidiate  and  densely  imbricated,  occasionally  spuriously  stipi- 
tate,  more  or  less  lobed,  villous,  marked  with  regular,  concentric,  smooth, 
shining  zones  of  various  colours,  sometimes  entirely  white,  and  not  unfre- 
quently  the  whole  surface  is  villous,  and  the  zones  mere  depressions. — M.J.B. 

795.  Polyporus  abietinus.     Fr.     "  Whitish  Fir  Pol}'porus." 

Pileus  coriaceous,  thin,  effuso-reflexed,  villous,  obsoletely 
zoned,  cinereous-white  ;  pores  unequal,  torn,  violaceous,  then 
growing  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  479.  Grev.  t.  526.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 
2079./.  1.  i.  1298.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.Ul. 

On  trunks  of  Coniferae.  [United  States.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.  across,  sometimes  entirely  resupinate,  with  the  exception 
of  the  extreme  margin,  and  spreading  over  several  inches,  more  generally 
effuso-reflexed,  thin,  coriaceous,  zoned,  whitish,  often  stained  with  minute 
green  Algae,  more  or  less  villous  ;  pores  very  regular,  laciniated,  sometimes 
resembling  hydnoid  teeth,  more  or  less  of  a  violet  hue,  which  fades  when  past 
maturity,— Ji".  /.  B. 

796.  Polyporus  Wynnei.    B.  3)  Br.     "  Wynne's  Polyporus. " 

Confluent,  various  in  form  ;  pileus  adnate  behind,  effuso-re- 
flexed, then  tan-coloured,  marked  with  silky-raised  lines  ;  pores 
small,  angular,  white. — Berlz.  Outl.p.  249.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  807. 

Running  over  twigs,  grass,  &c.     Rare. 

Thin,  incrusting  various  substances,  with  the  margin  more  or  less  broadly 
reflected,  tan-coloured,  sericeous,  and  marked  with  raised  lines  ;  pores 
gj  in.  across,  angular,  white,  acquiring  a  slight  tint  like  that  of  the  pileus 
in  drying. — B.  <fc  Br. 


280  POLTPOEEI. 

Sect.  5.     Eesupinatus — Absolutely  resupinate, 

797.  Polyporus  contiguus.     Fr.     "  Contiguous  Polyporus." 

Effused,  firm,  at  first  obscurely  cinnamon,  circumference  vil- 
lous or  fibrous,  then  smooth,  ferruginous  ;  pores  medium-sized, 
equal,  obtuse,  entire. — Fr.Epicr.p.  483.  P.cellaris^  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  348.  Rostk.  t.  8.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1007.  Desm.  no.  72. 

On  rotten  wood  and  sticks.  [United  States.] 

798.  Polyporus  ferruginosus.     Fr.     "  Rusty  Polyporus." 

Effused,  firm,  brown,  when  old  bright  brown,  ferruginous,  cir- 
cumference sterile;  pores  elongated,  nearly  round,  medium-sized, 
cinnamon. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  483.  Grev.  1. 155,/.  1.  RostJc.  t.  6.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.  146. 

On  gate  posts,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

At  first  appearing  under  the  form  of  a  confervoid  stratum,  wMcli  gradually 
thickens  and  acquires  pores  in  the  centre  ;  generally  wholly  resupinate,  but 
occasionally  slightly  reflexed,  in  which  case  it  is  roughish  and  tomentose. 
Pores  minute,  roundish,  unequal ;  specimens  sometimes  occur  many  inches 
in  length,  and  in  parts  j  in.  thick,  from  several  individuals  having  become 
confluent. — M.  J.  B. 

799.  Polyporus  nitidus.     Fr.     *' Yellow  Polyporus." 

Effused,  thin,  yellow,  circumference  of  the  interwoven  my- 
celium paler ;  pores  minute,  nearly  round,  short,  saffron-yellow. 
— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  483.  Pers.  Ohs.  ii.  t,  4,/.  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no,  349. 

On  dead  wood.     Rare.  [Low.  Carolina?] 

Crust -like,  adnate. 

800.  Polyporus  Armeniacus.    BerJt.    "  BufiE  Fir  Polyporus." 

Suborbicular,  confluent,  extremely  thin,  circumference  mi- 
nutely downy  ;  pores  at  first  white,  then  deep  buff. — Berk.  Outl. 
p.  250.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  147. 

On  the  bark  of  firs.     Appin. 

Forming  broadly  effused  patches,  composed  evidently  of  many  confluent 
orbicular  individuals,  circumference  minutely  downy.  Pores  shallow,  minute, 
nearly  round,  at  first  white,  then  bright  buff,  often  confined  to  the  centre, 
the  marginal  portion  being  of  a  byssoid  structure  under  a  lens. — M.  J.  B. 

801.  Polyporus  bombycinus.     Fr.    "  Silky  Polyporus." 

Effused,  membranaceous,  of  a  silky  texture,  dingy-yellowish, 
circumference  byssoid,  arachnoid,  velvety  below;    pores  large, 


POLTPOEEI.  281 

angular. — Fr,  Epicr.  p.  ^82.    Sovj,  t.SS7,f.o.    Ann.  JSf.E.  no. 
350. 

On  dead  wood. 

802.  Polyporus  incarnatus.     Fr.     "  Flesh-coloured  Polyporus." 

Effused,  coriaceous,  firm,  smooth,  flesh-coloured,  pores  rather 
long,  unequal. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  484.  Pers.  M.E.  1. 16,/.  4.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.U6. 

On  decaying  trunks  of  firs.     Rare.  [United  States.] 

Effased,  irregular,  thin,  coriaceous,  marginate,  or  inimarginate  ;  margin 
white,  cottony,  rather  thick,  as  if  there  was  a  tendency  to  become  refiexed. 
Pores  minute,  very  short,  round,  sub-equal,  straight  or  oblique,  or  of  a  fine 
flesh  colour,  approaching  in  some  cases  to  orange.  Sometimes  small  cottony 
protuberances  occur  amongst  the  pores,  which  have  the  appearance  of  small 
pilei,  with  tubes  underneath. — Grev. 

803.  Polyporus  violaceus.    Fr.    "  Violet  Polyporus. " 

Effused,  determinate,  agglutinate,  thin,  dark  blood-red  or 
violet ;  pores  very  short,  cellulose,  nearly  round,  obtuse,  quite 
entire. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  484.  Sys.Myo.  i.  p.  379.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann. 
JSr.H.  1865,  no.  1021.  Fl.  exs.  no.  715,  ii.  502. 

On  prostrate  fir-poles.     Scotland. 

Allied  to  Merulius,  for  which  a  young  specimen  might  easily  be  taken. 

804.  Polyporus  purpureus.     Fr.     "  Purple  Polyporus." 

Broadly  and  widely  effused,  mycelium  mucedinous,  flocculose, 
white,  creeping  on  the  surface  of  the  wood ;  pores  short,  minute, 
unequal,  obtuse,  interruptedly  scattered  or  conglomerate,  purple 
lilac. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  "^8^.  Eostk.t.3. 

On  decayed  willow.     Rare.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

805.  Polyporus  cinctus.     Berk.    "  Banded  Polyporus." 

White,  turning  pallid,  forming  little  scattered  patches,  each 
surrounded  by  radiating  strigose  fibres ;  pores  extremely  minute, 
angular ;  dissepiments  extremely  thin,  edge  ragged. — Mag.  Zool. 
^Bot.i.  t.  '2  J.  3.  Berk.  Outl.p.  250. 

On  old  deal  boards.     Rare.     King's  Cliffe. 

At  first  this  curious  species  consists  of  small  erect  scattered  tufts  of  radiat- 
ing strigose  fibres.  Many  of  these  remain  barren.  Under  favourable  cir- 
cumstances a  distinct  hymenium,  1^  line  think,  ^-ith  a  free,  even,  abrupt, 
vertical  circumference,  is  formed  in  the  centre  of  each  tuft.  Numbers  of 
these  at  length  become  confluent.  Pores  so  minute  as  to  be  scarce  visible  to 
the  naked  eye.  The  colour  of  the  whole  is  pale  ochraceous,  more  or  less 
tawny  when  dry. — M.J.B. 


282  POLYPOREI. 

806.  Polyporous  medulla-panis.    Fr.     "  Crumb  of  Bread 

Polyporus. 

Effused,  determinate,  sub-undulate,  firm,  smooth,  white,  cir- 
cumference naked,  sub-marginate,  wholly  composed  of  middle- 
si^ed,  rather  long,  entire  pores. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  485.  Sow,  t.  387, 
/.  7.  Jacq.  Misc.  i.t.ll.  Fl.  Ban.  t.  2028,/.  1.  Letell.  t.  690, /. 
1.  Bolt.t.  lG6,/.2?  Enr/.Fl.Y.p.Ue.    Fckl.  exs.no.  U6^. 

On  decaying  wood.  [United  States.] 

EfFased,  white,  becoming  yellowish  in  age,  roundish,  tolerably  defined, 
dry,  thickish,  following  in  some  degree  the  inequalities  of  the  wood.  Pores 
elongated,  roundish,  straight,  or  oblique,  according  to  situation.  Flesh  al- 
most none. — Grev. 

807.  Polyporus  vitreus.     F?'.     "  Glassy  Polyporus." 

Effused,  sub -undulated,  indeterminate,  whitish,  subhyaline, 
mycelium  thin,  separable,  matted  together ;  pores  very  small, 
round,  long,  obtuse,  entire. — Fr.Fpicr.  p.  4:S6.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  351. 

On  decayed  wood.    Rare. 

Distinguished  by  its  distinct  xylostromatoid  sub-stratum,  which  separates 
easily  from  the  matrix. — B.  (tBr. 

808.  Polyporus  obducens.     Fr.     "  Incrusting  Polyporus." 

Effused,  incrusting,  innate,  firm,  white,  wholly  composed  of 
very  small,  crowded,  equal  pores,  distinctly  stratose,  annual  strata 
pallid  tan  colour. — F?\  Epicr.p.  485.  Ann.N.  H.  no.  352.  Bisch. 
f.  3294. 

On  rotten  trunks.     Bristol. 

This  species  forms  thick  strata  consisting  of  several  layers,  the  growth  of 
as  many  years. — B.  <b  Br. 

809.  Polyporus  vulgaris.     Fr,     " Common-effused  Polyporus." 

Broadly  effused,  thin,  dry,  closely  adnate,  even,  white,  circum- 
ference soon  smooth,  wholly  composed  of  firm,  crowded,  small, 
round,  nearly  equal  pores. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  485.    BerJc.  Outl.  1. 16, 
/.  6.   Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  146.  Fl.  exs.  no.  619.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1366. 

On  dead  wood  and  fallen  branches.  [United  States.] 

Effused,  sometimes  to  the  breadth  of  one  foot,  smooth,  not  a  line  thick, 
nor  to  be  separated  from  the  wood  without  destroying  it ;  margin  when  young 
very  slightly  pubescent.    Pores  straight  or  oblique,  roundish. — M.  J.E. 


POLTPOEEI.  283 

810.  Polypoius  viridans.    BerK  S)   Br.   "  Greenish  Polyporus." 

Resiipinate,  effused,  at  first  wliite,  Tvhen  dry  pallid  green  ; 
border  pnlverulento-tomentose,  very  thin ;  pores  minute,  an- 
gular ;   dissepiments  thin. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  347. 

On  very  rotten  wood.     Sept. 

This  pretty  species  has  the  habit  of  P.  vulgaris. 

811.  Polyporus  sanguinolentus.     F,-.     "  Bleeding  Polyporus." 

Nodulose,  soon  confluent,  effused,  soft,  whitish,  blood-stained 
when  touched  ;  circumference  byssoid,  evanescent;  pores  small, 
subrotuud,  unequal,  at  length  torn. — Fr.  Ejjicr.p.4,S6.  Seem. 
Journ.  Bot.  vii.  p.^\. 

On  rotten  wood.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

812.  Polyporus  xnolluscus.     Fr.     "  Thin-pored  Polyporus." 

Effused,  thin,  soft,  white ;  circumference  byssoid,  fibrilloso- 
radiate  ;  pores  in  the  centre,  or  here  and  there  collected  in 
patches,  small,  thin,  round,  unequal,  and  torn,  growing  pale. 
—Fr.  Epicr.p.  486.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1299.  Sow.  t.  387./.  9.  Fng.  Fl. 
Y.p.  147. 

On  dead  wood.     Rare.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

At  first  forming  a  mere  fringed  byssoid  membrane,  which  gradually  ac- 
quires moderate,  rigid,  subrotund,  and  angular  pores,  the  partitions  of  which 
are  so  thin  that  they  very  generally  become  lacerated. — J/.  /.  B. 

813.  Polyporus   Gordoniensis.     B.  4'  Br.    "  Gordon's  Fir  Po- 

h-porus." 

Effused,  superficial,  membranaceous,  veiy  thin,  but  separable, 
persistently  white ;  margin  shortly  fimbriate ;  pores  minute, 
unequal,  angular  ;  dissepiments  very  thin,  flmbriato-dentate. — 
Ann.N.H.\mh,no.\^1Z. 

On  fir  poles.     Aboyne  Castle. 

An  extremely  delicate  species,  and  not  in  the  slightest  degree  innate.  The 
margin  remains  snow-white,  and  the  pores  themselves  change  colour  only 
very  slightly  in  drying. — J/.  J.  B. 

814.  Polyporus  texrestris.     Fr.     "  Ground  Polyporus." 

Effused,  arachnoid,  byssoid,  delicate,  fugaceous,  white  ;  pores 
central,  very  small,  white,  then  rufescent. — Fr.  Fpicr.j^'^iSd. 
Fers.  Ic.  Pict.  t.  16./.  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  355. 

On  naked  soil  or  rotten  wood.     Rare. 


284  POLTPOEEI. 

815.  Polyporus  vapoxaiius.    Fr.    "  Creeping  Polyporus." 

Effused,  innate  ;  mycelium  creeping  over  the  wood,  floccose, 
white ;  pores  large,  angular,  white,  growing  pallid,  crowded  into 
a  close,  firm,  persistent  stratum. — Fr.Epicr.  js.  487.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  354.  Cooke  exs.  no.  305. 

On  fallen  branches.     Common.  [United  States.] 

var.  /3.  Separable,  white,  honey  colour  when  dry. — Ann. 
Nat.  Hist.  1865.  no.  1022*. 

A  remarkable  variety  occurred  with  Hydnum,  niveum  at  Ascot,  creeping 
over  fir  leaves  and  heath  twigs  quite  shaded  from  the  Ught,  and  differing 
from  the  common  form  in  being  of  a  pure  white  when  fresh,  changing  when 
dxy  to  honey  yellow.    The  subiculum  is  filmy  and  separable. — M.  J.  B. 

816.  Polyporus  aneirinus.    Fr.     "  Waxy  Polyponis." 

Effused,  thin,  sub-innate  ;  circumference  byssoid,  white ; 
pores  large,  cellular,  waxy,  angular,  smootb,  white,  becoming 
tawny. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  487.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  353. 

On  fallen  twigs.     Rare.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Distinguished  by  its  large  pores,  the  hymenium  of  which  has  a  peculiar, 
smooth,  waxy  aspect. — B.  <£•  Br. 

817.  Polyporus  corticola.     Fr.     "  Changeable  Polyporus." 

Much  effused,  thin,  circumference  byssoid,  thin,  whitish  ; 
pores  various,  angular,  shining,  whitish,  then  brownish-yellow. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  488.  P.  subfuscus-Jlavidus,  Rosth.  Sturm,  no.  27,  t. 
11.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,710. 1022. 

On  oak  planks  in  the  roof  of  King's  Cliffe  Church. . 

[S.  Carolina,  U.S.] 

The  pores  appear,  when  viewed  one  way,  of  a  greyish-brown,  and  the 
other  white.  Fries  (Mon.  Hym.)  quotes  the  figure  of  Rostkovius,  to  which 
Berk.  &  Br.  referred  their  specimens,  under  Polyporus  corticolay  Fr. 

818.  Polyporus  Stephensii.    B.^'Br.     "Stephens*  Polyporus." 

Orbicular,  white,  at  length  confluent ;  margin  sometimes 
slightly  reflexed,  tomentose  ;  pores  broad,  nearly  equal,  angular, 
dissepiments  rather  thick,  edge  villous. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  356. 
Rahh.F.E.no.lll. 

On  twigs  of  privet.     Oct.     West  of  England. 

[Low.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 


POLYPOREI. 


285 


Forming  scattered  orbicular  white,  or  at  length  confluent  resupinate  patches 
about  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  which  are  sometimes  slightly  reflected  with 
the  free  surface  tomentose.  Pores  rather  large,  l-20th  in.  broad,  nearly 
equal,  angular,  sometimes  sub-hexagonal ;  edge  even,  tomentose.— -S.  cD  5/-. 
Spores  very  large,  oval,  white,  "00055  X  '00025  in. 

819.  Folyponis  Vaillantii.     Fr,     '*  Vaillant's  Polyporus." 

White,  thin,  mycelium  free,  forming  strings,  or  united  in  a 
membrane;  pores  here  and  there  conglomerated,  short,  rather 
large,  thin,  unequal. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  487.  Sow.  t.  326.  Eng.  Fl. 
V.  p.  14:1 .   Vaill.  t.S,f.l. 

On  dead  wood.     Rare.     Glasgow.  [Up   Carolina.] 

Forming  a  thin,  white,  or  slightly  rufescent,  byssoid,  broadly  effused,  close 
membrane,  here  and  there  traversed  by  rooting  ribs.  -Fries- 

820.  Polyporus  hytridus.     B.kBr.     "  Dry-rot  Polyporus." 

Wliite,  mycelium  thick,  forming  a  dense  membrane  or  creep- 
ing branched  strings,  liymenium  breaking  up  into  areae  ;   pores 
long,  slender,  minute. — Berk.  Outl.  xvii.    Boletus  hyhridus,  Sow. 
t.  289,  3«7,  /.  6. 
On  oak  in  ships,  &c.    The  dry  rot  of  our  oak-built  vessels. 


Gen.  21. 


TRAMETES,  Fr. 


j.'y/'^<" 


Fig.  66. 


Hymenophore  descending  into  the 
trama  of  the  pores  without  any 
change,  which  are  permanently  con- 
crete with  the  pileus.     Pores  entire. 

(Fig.  66.) 

Hymenophore  descending  unchanged 
into  the  trama  of  the  pores,  which  is  per- 
manently similar  to  the  substance  of  the 
pileus.  Pores  concrete  with  the  pileus, 
at  first  very  small,  then  open,  obtuse,  en- 
tire, equal,  round  or  linear,  not  labyrinthi- 
form,  or  lacerated.  Corky  or  woody  fungi, 
arboreal,  always  dimidiate,  at  first  gene- 
rally fragrant,  and  never  acid. 


821. 


Trametes  pini.    Fr.     "  Fir-trunk  Trametes." 

Pileus  corky  or  woody,  pulvinate,  concentrically  sulcate,  cracked 
and  pitted,  rough,  ferruginous  brown,  then  blackish,  tawny  fer- 


286  POLYPOREI. 

riiginous  witliin  ;  pores  large,  nearly  round  or  oblong,  yellow 
or  reddish  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.}-),  489.  Fl.  Boruss.  t.  380.  Corda. 
Anl.  t.  H.f.  75,  no.  36,  37.    Kl.  exs.  ii.  no.  118.  Bail.  t.  31. 

On  pine  trunks.     Rare.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Odour  faint ;  perennial. 

822.  Trametes  suaveolens.    Ii\    "  Sweet-scented  Trametes." 

Pileus  corky,  rather  soft,  pulvinate,  villous,  zoneless,  white ; 
pores  round,  rather  large,  obtuse,  brownish-white. — F7\  Epicr. 
p.  491.  Kromhh.  t.  4,/.  25.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1849.  Tratt.  Austr.f.  4. 
Fchl.  exs.  no.  1365.  Bot.  Zeit.  (1859),  1. 11,/.  29.  Sow.  t.  228. 
Sterh.  t.  27,  D.  Dcedalea  suaveolens,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p>.  133. 

On  willows,  limes,  &c. 

Easily  distinguished  by  its  odour  (wlien  young),  wlncli  resembles  aniseed. 
White  at  first,  then  ruf'escent,  zoned  and  scabrous,  within  dingy  straw  colour. 
— Fries.    Spores  white,  oval,  or  pip-shaped,  '00035  X  '00018  in. 

823.  Trametes  odoza.    Fr.     •'Small-pored  Trametes." 

Pileus  corky,  elastic,  uneven,  becoming  smooth,  zoneless, 
pallid  ;  pores  minute,  round,  equal,  whitish-ochre. — Fr.  Epicr. 
;?.  491.  Bolt.  1. 162. 

On  willows.     Rare. 

Very  nearly  related  to  T.  suaveolens.  It  has  the  same  smell.  Spores  white, 
oval,  or  pip-shaped,  '00012  X  '00022  in. 

824.  Trametes  gibbosa.     Fr.     "  Gibbous  Trametes." 

Dirty  white.  Pileus  corky,  villous,  obsoletely  zoned,  ex- 
panded behind,  gibbous  ;  pores  linear,  straight,  equal. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  492.  Bisch.f.  3425.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1364.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 
1964.  Sow.t.l^Ai.  Hvss.ii.t.A.  Da^dalea  gibbosa,  Eng.Fl.Y.p. 
133.  St?muss.  Sturm,  t.  5. 

On  gate  posts,  &c.       Sept.     Rare. 

Sessile,  dimidiate,  zoned,  corky,  hard,  elastic,  zones  convex  and  tuber- 
culated,  dirty  white,  beautifully  velvety,  when  old  cinereous,  and  green  from 
minute  Algce,  the  edge  obtuse  or  subacute,  often  projecting  at  the  base  and 
very  gibbous,  but  not  invariably  so,  substance  white,  pores  linear,  mostly 
straight,  except  at  the  base,  where  they  are  roundish  or  irregular,  very 
narrow,  pale  tan.— il/.  J.  B. 

(Fig.  6G,  reduced,  xcith  section  and  spores.) 


POLYPOEEI. 


287 


Gen.  22. 


DiEDALEA,  Fr.  Epicr. 


Hymenophore  de- 
scending into  the  trama 
without  any  change ; 
pores,  when  fully 
formed,  torn,  toothed, 
or  lahyrinthiform. 

{Fig.  67.) 

Hymenophore  descend- 
ing unchanged  into  the 
trama,  which  is  firmer 
than  in  Trametes.  Pores, 
when  fully  formed,  laby- 
rinthiform,  lacerated,  and 
toothed.  In  habit  the 
species  resemble  Trainetes, 
but  they  are  inodorous, 
and  must  not  be  confounded 
with  the  species  of  Poly- 
porus  that  have  elongated 
curved  pores. —  W.  G.  S. 


P.     "  Oak  Dffidalea." 


Fig.  67. 

825.  Daedalea  quercina. 

Pallid  wood  colour.  Pileus  corky,  mgulose,  uneven,  zone- 
less,  becoming  smooth,  of  the  same  colour  within ;  hymenium 
first  porous,  then  broken  into  contorted  or  gill-like  lahyrinthi- 
form sinuses;  edge  obtuse. — Fr.Epicr.p.  A92.  Lenz.f.2S,2d. 
Sow.t.181.  Bolt.  t.  73.  Bull.  t.  362.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 19.  f.  6.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.l3l.  Bail.t.31.  FcJd.exs.no.  1362.  Gard.Chron. (1860) 
p.  616,  fig.  Bisch.f.  3329.  Kromh.  t.b,f.  1,  2.  Price,/.  20.  Vent. 
i.  60./.  1,2.   Grev.t.  238. 

On  oak  stumps,  &c.     Common. 

Perennial.    Pileus  5-6  in.  broad,  sessile,  dimidiate,  of  a  pale,  woody  ap- 
pearance, smooth,  marked  with  concentric,   raised,   or  depressed  zones  and 
little,  radiating  wrinkles,  the  margin  in  well-grown  specimens  thin,  but  in 
ill-developed  individuals  swollen  and  blunt ;  gills  of  tlae  same   colour  as  the 
jileus,    with   sometimes   a  slight   shade  of  pink,    woody,    thick,    sinuous, 
)ranched,  and  anastomosing,  so  as  to  form  long,  wavy  pores,  a  line  or  more 
jroad.     Sometimes  the  whole  plant  is  resupinate  or  decurrent,  and  the  par- 
titions elongated  into  tooth-like  processes.— J/./.  B. 

(Fig.  67,  reduced,  tcith  section  and,  sjpores.) 

826.  Daedalea  confragosa.    P.     "  Willgw  Daedalea." 

Pileus  corky,  coriaceous,  rather  convex,    rough,  subzonate, 
self-coloured,  reddish-brown,  somewhat  ferruginous  within ;  by- 


288 


POLTPOREI. 


menium  porous,  then  narrowly  labyrinthifonn  and  torn,  pruinose, 
cinereous,  then  reddish  brown. — Fr.Epicr.p.4.^Z.  Bolt.  f.  160. 
Bull.tA^l.  Sow.t.l^2>.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.n2.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  27  d. 
711*. 

On  willows,  service,  &c.     Rare. 

827.        Daedalea  unicolor.     Fr.    "  One-coloured  Dadalea." 

Pileus  corky,  coriaceous,  villoso-strigose,  cinereous,  with 
zones  of  the  same  colour  ;  sinuses  labyrinthiform,  flexuose,  in- 
tricate, acute,  at  length  torn  and  toothed. — Fr.  Epicr.p.4:^4:. 
Sow.  t.  325.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  133.  FcJd.  exs.no.  1363.  El.  exs.  no.  28. 
ii.wo.  614.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2271./.  I. 

On  stumps,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.?] 

Imbricated.  Pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  coriaceous,  zoned,  densely  villous, 
often  green  from  minute  Algce;  pores  narrow,  small,  irregular,  unequal,  sub- 
flexuous. — M.  J.  B. 


828. 


Daedalea  latissima.     Fr.     "  Effused  Daedalea." 


Effused,  between  corky  and  woody,  thick,  undulated,  rufescent 
or  pallid  wood  colour ;  pores  thin,  distant,  very  obtuse,  some- 
what rounded  and  elongated,  flexuose. — Fr.Epicr.p.  495.  Sow. 
i.424.  Eng.Fl.  v.;?.  133. 

On  dead  branches  on  the  ground.     Rare. 


Gen.  22. 


»I£RULZUS.  Fr.  Syst.  Myc. 


Hymenium  soft,    waxy,  forming 

porous,     reticulate,      or     sinuous, 

toothed  folds.  ^^^9-  68.^ 

Hymenopbore  covered  witb  tbe  soft,  waxy 
bymenium,  wbicb  is  incompletely  porous, 
or  arranged  in  reticulate,  sinuous,  dentate 
folds.  Epixylous  fungi,  at  first  resupinate, 
expanded;  tbe  bymenopbore  springing 
from  a  mucous  mycelium. 


Fig.  ^. 


POLTPOREI.  289 

A.  Leptospori — spores  white. 

829.  H/Ierulius  txemellosus.     Schrad.     "  Tremellose  Merulius." 

Resupinate,  then  free  or  reflexed,  tleshy,  tremelloid,  tomen- 
tose,  white ;  margin  dentato-radiate ;  folds  porous,  variable 
pinkish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  500.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1553,  776.  /.  1.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  11 .  Huss.  i.  1. 10.  Fchl.  exs.  no.  1358.  Jnn.  Sc.  Nat. 
1837.  viii.  1. 10.  f.  22.  Bail.  t.  30.  Kl.  exs.  ii.  no.  1.  Boletus  arho- 
reus,  Soiv.  t.  316.  Bisch.f.  3117. 

At  the  base  of  decayed  trees.  Rare.  Oct.     [United  States.] 

"  Sometimes  the  edge  is  beautifully  tinged  with  pink." 

830.  Zyierulius  cozium.     Fr.     "  Leathery  Merulius." 

Resupinate,  effused,  soft,  somewhat  papyraceous,  circum- 
ference at  length  free,  reflexed,  white,  and  villous  below ;  hy- 
menium  reticulato-porose,  flesh-coloured,  or  pallid  tan-colour. — 
Fr. Epicr.p.  500.  Grev.t.  117.  Built.  102.  Sow.  t.  319.  Eng.Fl. 
Y.p.  128.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1359.  Berk.  exs.  no.  19.  KL  exs.  no.  1916. 

On  dead  trunks.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Plant  2-3  in.  broad,  sometimes  completely  effused  with  a  white  byssoid 
margin,  but  not  unf'requently  the  margin,  or  even  the  whole  pileus,  is  regu- 
larly reflexed,  often  imbricated,  white,  pubescent,  and  zoned  above,  below 
pale  buff  or  lilac,  variously  sinuato-rugose  or  reticulato-porous,  very  various 
in  thickness,  being  sometimes  a  mere  pellicle,  while  on  the  contrary  indi- 
viduals occur  as  thick  as  Stereum,  hirsutum, — M.J.B.  Spores  oval,  vivid 
orange,  -00018 X-0u02a  in. 

831.  Merulius  himantoides.     Fr.     "  Fibrous  Merulius." 

Effused,  silky,  very  soft,  fibrous,  silky  beneath,  lilac  ;  circum- 
ference byssoid  ;  folds  porous,  then  gyrose,  dirty  yellow,  at 
length  inclining  to  olive. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  bOl.  Pers.  M.E.t.  \d. 
/.3,1.  Sow.t.^'^^.  Br. Bath.  Trans. 1^10. p. ^4:. 

On  fir  wood,  and  on  club  mosses  in  a  conservatory. 

Similar  to  M.  lacrymans,  but  thinner. 

832.  IVIerulius  aurantiacus.     Klotsch,     "  Orange  Merulius." 

Pileus  tough,  carnoso-coriaceous,  effuso-reflexed,  zoned,  to- 
mentose,  between  yellow  and  dirty  white,  here  and  there  cine- 
reous; folds  minute,  subporiform,  dull  orange. — Bei^k.  Outl.p. 
256.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.l28. 

On  dead  beech.     May.     Rare.     Scotland. 

Pileus  lin.  broad  ;  zones  obsolete,  hirsuto-tomentose.   Nearly  allied  toM. 
corium. — 31.  J.B. 


290 


POLTPOREI. 


833.  Merulius  molluscus.     Fr.     *' Thin  Merulius." 

Effused,  thin,  soft,  membranaceous  ;  margin  byssoid,  white; 
folds  poroso-gjrose,  flesh-coloured. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  501.  Pers. 
M.JE.  1. 14./.  1,  2.  Ann.N.H.  no.  712. 

On  dead  wood.     Rare.     Penzance.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Hymenium  dark  brown  when  old;  sometimes  shortly  reflexed,  and  then 
thehymeuium  not  reticulated,  but  from  the  first  gyrose  and  toothed. 

834.  nexulius  porinoides.     Fr.     "  Porose  Merulius." 

Crustaceous,  adnate,  thin,  circumference  byssoid,  white,  folds 
poriform,  distant,  dirty  yellow. — Fr.  Epicr.p.bOl.  Pers.M.E. 
1. 14,/.  7.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  358. 

On  dead  wood,  chips,  &c.     Rare.  [United  States.] 

835.  Merulius  lufus.     P.     "  Eufous  Merulius." 

Crustaceous,  adnate,  smooth,  flesh-red,  circumference  almost 
naked,  hymenium  equally  porous,  of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr. 
o.  502.  Pers.  M.E.t.lQJ. 1,2.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  obi . 

On  fallen  oak  boughs.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

"This  has  a  very  Polyporus-like  appearance,  and  I  am  not  certain  that 
it  is  anything  more  than  a  state  of  Dcedaha  confragosa,  of  which  I  believe 
Tramdes  rubescens  is  a  synonym," — M.  J.  B. 

836.  lYEezulius  serpens.     Fr.     "  Creeping  Merulius." 

Crustaceous,  adnate,  thin,  becoming  smooth,  pallid,  then  red- 
dish, circumference  byssoid,  white,  folds  at  first  wrinkled,  then 
porous,  angular,  entire. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  502.  Fckl.exs.no.2^Si^. 
Kl.  exs.  no.  1006,  ii.  no.  6. 

On  dead  wood.      Rare.    Twycross.    [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Not  separable  like  3f.  corium. 

837.  Merulius  pallens.     BerJi.     "  Pallid  Merulius." 

Adnate,  thin,  inseparable,  pale-reddish,  fleshy,  subgelatinous, 
folds  poriform,  minute  ;  margin  indeterminate. — Ami.  iV.  Hist. 
ser,  i.  vol.  \i.p.  358,  no.  151.    Berk.  Outl.  p.  256. 

On  fir  wood.     Rare. 

838.  Merulius  Carmichaelianus.    J^erh.    "  Carmichael's 

Merulius." 

White,  extremely  thin,  forming  effused,  entirely  resupinate, 
irregular,  interrupted,  confluent  patches ;  folds  formdng  regular 


POLYPOEEI.  291 

angular  reticulations,  dull  brown  when  dry. — Berh.  Outl.p.  256. 
Grev.t.2'24..  Eng.Fl.Y. p. 1?jO. 
On  bark.     Rare.     Appin. 

This  minute  species  forms  a  mere  pellicle,  in  its  dry  state  of  a  uniform 
dull  brown,  scarcely  distinguishable  from  the  bark  on  which  it  grows,  but 
when  examined  with  a  moderate  magnifying  power  the  regular,  often  hex- 
agonal reticulations,  exhibit  a  very  elegant  appearance,  like  the  cells  of  a 
honey-comb,  but  quite  superficial. — M.  J.  B. 

B.      Coniophori — spores  ferruginous. 

839.  Merulius  lacrymans.     Fr.     "  Dry-rot  Merulius." 

Large,  flesby,  spongy,  moist,  ferruginous  yellow,  arachnoid 
and  velvety  beneath ;  margin  tumid,  tomentose,  white ;  folds 
broad,  porous,  and  gyroso-dentate. — Fr.  Epicr.j).  502.  Fl.  Dan. 
^  2026.  Kromhh.LAijJ.l-2.  Sow.  t.  113.  Jacq.  Misc.  t.  8./.  2. 
Berk.  Outl.  t.  2,/.  1.  Huss.'i.  t.  3.  Fng.  Fl.  v.  p.  129.  Strauss. 
Stvrm.  t.  4.  Price,/.  30.  Fcid.  exs.no.  1361.  Payen.f.  484.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  228. 

In  cellars,  hollow  trees,  &c.     Common.     [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Whole  plant  generally  resupinate,  soft,  tender,  at  first  very  light,  cottony 
and  white  ;  when  the  veins  appear  they  are  of  a  fine  yellow-orange,  or  red- 
dish-brown, forming  irregular  folds,  most  frequently  so  arranged  as  to  have 
the  appearance  of  pores,  but  never  anything  like  tubes,  distilling,  when 
perfect,  drops  of  water.  Sometimes  the  pileus,  or  substance  of  the  plant, 
from  its  situation,  produces  pendant  processes  like  inverted  cones. —  Grev. 
Spores  ferruginous.     Spores  oval,  rich,  orange-brown,  '00035  X  •00023  in. 

(Fig.  68.; 

Gen.  26.  POROTHELIUM,  Fr.  Obs. 

Hymenophore  arachnoid,  covered 

with  distinct  papillae,  at  first  closed, 

then  open  like  pores.      {Fig.  69.^ 

Hymenophore  mycelioid,  covered  with 
papillse,  wLich  are  at  first  distinct  and 
closed,  soon  opening  into  pores,  which  be- 
come elongated  and  tubular.  Submem- 
branaceous,  resupinate  fungi. 

Fig.  69. 

840.  Poxothelium  Friesii.     Mont.     "  Fries'  PorotheUum." 
Effused,  confluent,  flocculoso-membranaceous,  white,  inclined 

to  tan  colour,  circumference  simple,  papillas  immersed,  yellowish, 

o  2 


292 


POLTPOEEI. 


at  length  open  and  urceolate.— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  504.  Ann.  des.  Sc. 
Nat.  (1836),  vol.  v.  i^.  339.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  359. 
On  pine  wood.     Rare. 

Pores  often  crowned  witli  a  pellucid  drop.  (Fig.  69. j 


Gen.  27. 


nSTULINA,  Bull.  Champ. 


Hjmenophore  fleshy.  Hy- 
menium  inferior,  at  first  papillose; 
the  papillae  at  length  elongated, 
and  forming  distinct  tubes. 

{Fig.  70.) 

Epixylous  fungi,  intermediate  between 
Polyporei  and  HydiieU 


Fig.  70. 


841. 


Fistulina  hepatica.     "  Liver  Fistulina." 


Fleshy,  juicy,  rootless  ;  pileus  undivided,  blood-red  ;  tubes 
yellowish. — Fr.  Epicr.  j^.  504.  Scliaff.  t.  116-120.  Sow.t.bS. 
Boq.t.2.f.4..  Bail.  t.  29.  Kl.  exs.no.  U(J4:.  Fl.Dan.t.  1039.  Grev. 
t.270.  Lenz.f.4.0.  Krojubh.t.  5.  f.  9,10.  t.  47./.  1-12.  Vitt.t.SG. 
Paul.  t.  12.  CooJce  B.F.  t.l^.  Badh.  i.  t.  12.  f.  4.  ii.  ^.  12./.  2. 
BerJc.Outl.  t.  17./.  1.  Hvss.i.t.6b.  Smith  E.M.f.  21.  Price  J. 
22.  Eng.  Fl.  x.  ;?.  154.  Gard.  Chron.  (1861) /a  121.  Trans. 
Woolh.  CI.  1869.  Hogg.  ^-  Johnst.  t.  7.  Barla.  t.  30./.  4-7.  Vent, 
t.  36./  1,  2.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1357. 

On  trunks  of  old  oaks.  Common.    Esculent.     [Up.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  roundish,  dimidiate,  or  subspathulate,  in  general  more  or  less  con- 
cave, studded  with  minute,  stel]ate,  furfuraceous  tufts,  the  rudiments  of 
tubes,  rich  red-brown,  tinged  with  vermilion,  sometimes  substipitate ; 
margin  obtuse,  substance  thick  and  juicy,  marbled  like  beet-root,  distilling  a 
red  pellucid  juice  from  different  parts  of  the  plant;  hymenium  convex, 
elegantly  tinted  with  shades  of  red  or  vermilion,  dotted  with  rose-like  some- 
what remote,  radiated  warts,  which  form  a  veil  to  the  young  tubes  ;  as  the 
pileus  expands  the  tubes  elongate  and  become  approximate,  and  are  jagged 
at  tlieir  orifices.  Taste  rather  acid.  It  attains  sometimes  an  enormous  size, 
even  nearly  30  pounds  in  weight. — Eng.  Fl.  Spores  salmon  colour,  nearly 
round,  with  an  oblique  apiculus,  diameter  'OOOIS  in.        (Fig.  70,  reduced.) 


HYBNEI.  293 

Order  III.     HYDNEI. 

Hymenlum  inferior,  or  ampliigenous,  at  first  definitely  pro- 
truberant,  spread  over  persistent  spines,  bristles,  teeth,  tubercles, 
or  papilla?. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  504. 

Hymenium  of  awl-shaped  spines,  distinct  at  tlie  base     .     .  Hydiium. 
Hymenium  of  gill-like  teeth  - 

Irregularly  distributed,  distinct  from  pileus     .  Slstotrema. 

Disposed  in  rows,  'J  jncrete  with  pileus     .     .    .  Irpex. 
Hymenium  waxy — 

Of  irregular  tubercles RnAidum. 

Of  crest-like  wrinkles  or  veins Pkhhia. 

Of  obtuse  equal  granules Gra/idmia. 

Subiculum  fibrous,   with  crested,  papillose,  or  spiny 

warts        Odontia. 

Gen.  28.  HYDNUM,    Linn. 


Hymenium  inferior, 
aculeate  ;  spines  at  first 
papillasform,  awl-shaped, 
or  compressed,  distinct 
at  the  base. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  606.  (Fig.  71.) 


Fig.  71. 


Sect.  1.     Mesopus — entire,  simple  ;   stem  central.     Terrestrial. 

A.     Carnosa — pileus  fleshy,  subfragile.     Edible. 

*  Spines  coloured. 

842.         Hydnum  imbricatum.     L.     "Imbricated  Hydnum." 

Pileus  fleshy,  nearly  plane,  sub-umbilicate,  tessulato-squa- 
mose,  floccose,  not  zoned,  umber;  stem  short,  even;  spines  de- 
current,  whitish  cinereous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  505.  Schceff.  t.  140. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  176,  1500.  Krombh.t.4:d.f.l-f^.  Lenz.f.  60.  Grev. 
t.71.  Cooke  B.F.t.l6J.l.  Kl.exs.  no.  127.  Eng.Fl.Y. p. 166, 
NeesJ.  24.0.  Barla.  t.  38./.  1-4..  Harz.t.S.b.  Bisch.  f.  32U. 
Bail.  t.  2d. 


294  HTDNEI. 

On  the  ground,  in  pine  woods.     Esculent. 

[Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  2-5  in.  broad,  tliick  and  fleshy,  plane,  or  slightly  convex,  and 
rounded  at  the  margin,  at  length  somewhat  hollowed  in  the  centre,  varying 
from  reddish  to  moasG-brown,  scaly;  scales  imbricated,  numerous,  the  cen- 
tral ones  being  often  mere  cracked  portions  of  the  pileus,  wh^ch  render  that 
part  tesselated ;  flesh  pale-buffish  or  reddish ;  spines  entire,  numerous, 
very  short,  of  nearly  equal  length,  greyish-white  ;  stem  1-2  in.  thick,  firm, 
irregular,  wliitish. — Grev.  Spores  round,  tuberculated,  pale  yellowish,  brown, 
•00025  X -0002  in. 

843.  Hydnuxn  fragile.     Fr.     "  Fragile  Hydnum." 

Pileus  fleshy,  fragile,  sub-repand,  undulate  and  lobed,  at  first 
pubescent,  then  nearly  smooth,  commonly  even,  but  sometimes 
minutely  squamulose,  at  first  pallid,  then  cinereous  or  brick-red ; 
margin  and  flesh  grey,  somewhat  zoned ;  stem  unequal,  short 
and  thick,  or  elongated ;  spines  scarcely  decurrent,  much  elon- 
gated, slender,  very  fragile,  whitish,  then  grey. — Fi\  Mon.  U.S. 
ii./9.275.    Beiyeret.i.t.lS.    B.  ^  Bi\  Ann.  N.IL1866,no.  1024:. 

Amongst  heath.     Ascot. 

This  fine  species,  which  attains  a  diameter  of  several  inches,  was  included 
in  Fr.  Sys.  Myc.  under  H.  Iceoigatum,  from  which  it  is  now  very  properly 
separated.— J/.  /.  B. 

**  Spines  immutable,  whitish. 

844.  Hydnuzn  repanduxn.     L.     "  Spreading  Hydnum." 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  subrepand, nearly  smooth,  pallid;  stem 
deformed,  pallid ;  sjoines  unequal,  of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  506.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  310.  Roq.  t.  '2,f.  2.  Harz.  t.  23.  Bkch.f. 
3-430.  Sow.t.llQ.  ScJireff.t.  S18.  Kromhh.  t.hOJ.l-'d.  Vitt. 
Mang.  t.  25,/.  2.  Paul.  t.  35.  Cooke, B.F.  1. 16,/.  2.  Berk.Outl.  1. 17, 
/.  2.  Badh.  1 1. 12,  f.  3,  a.  t.  8  J.  3,  4.  Vent.  t.  27, f.  4-6,  t.28,f.  1, 
2.  Smith,  E.M.f.  22.  Huss.  i.  1. 16.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  155.  Grev.  t. 
44.  Bull.  1. 172.  Berk.  exs.  no.  141.  Gard.  Chron.  {I860), p.  121, 
fig.   Trans.  Woolk.  CI.  1869.  Barla.  t.  32,/.  1-9. 

var.  rufescens.  Fr.  Entire  plant  reddish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
506.  Bolt.  t.  89.  Sciiccjf.  1. 141. 

On  the  ground,  in  woods.     Common.     [United  States.] 

Subgregarious  ;  pileus  2-4  in.  broad,  the  margin  more  or  less  arched,  very 
irregular  in  form,  often  excentric,  or  even  laterally  stipitate,  more  or  less 
lobed  or  undulated,  huffish  or  sutru'escent,  smooth,  or  frequently  decidedly 
tomentose  ;  spines  unequal,  conical,  entire,  or  sometimes  bifid  or  laciuiated, 
and   even   compresed  and  lamellated,  sometimes  forming  spurious  pores. 


HYD:jfEi.  295 

Stem  lj-3  in.  liigh,  1  in.  thick,  solid,  paler  than  the  pilaus,  sometimes 
clothed  with  wliite  down,  and  at  the  apex  with  abortive  spines.— 2f.  J.  B. 
Spores  white,  or  with  a  suggestion  of  yellow,  round,  with  an  obtuse  apiculus 
at  one  end.     Diamtter  '00022  in.  (-Fi^.  71,  reduced.) 

B.  Lignosa — p ileus  corky  or  coriaceous. 

*  Spines  discoloured  ;   spores  brownish. 

845.  Hydnum  compastum.     Fr.     ••  Compact  Hydnum." 

Pileus  corkj,  compact,  undulato-tuberculose,  without  zones, 
olivaceo-cinereous  or  brownish,  commonly  involved  in  whitish 
down,  internally  variegated  with  blue  ;  stem  very  short,  de- 
formed, tawny-brown ;  spines  brownish,  pallid  at  the  tips. — Fr. 
Epicr. p. 607.  Krombh.t.DO,/.  12.  Str. Sturm. 1. 1 .  Batsch.f.'22\. 
Eng.Fl.y.p.l66.    Mabh.  F.E.  no.  803.   Vent.  t.  28,/.  3,  4:. 

On  the  ground,  on  heaths,  and  fir  woods.     Rare. 

[Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Irregular,  confluent  inodorous,  resembling  a  thick,  shapeless  crnst.  Pileus 
1-6  in.  broai^,  thick,  r  idily  imbibing  moisture,  clotted  with  down  of  the 
same  colour,  or  dirty  white.  Spines  equal,  chestnut]  stem  corky,  obsolete 
or  very  thick. — Fries, 

**  Spines  discoloured ;   spores  ferruginous. 

846.  Hydnuxn  zonatum.     Batsch.     "  Zoned  Hydnum." 

Ferruginous ;  pileus  equally  coriaceous,  thin,  expanded,  sub- 
infundibuliform,  zoned,  becoming  smooth,  radiato-rugose  ;  mar- 
gin paler,  sterile ;  stem  slender,  nearly  equal,  floccose,  tuberous 
at  the  base  ;  spines  slender,  pallid,  then  of  the  same  colour  as 
the  pileus. — Fr.  Epkr.  p.  509.  Kl.exs.  no.  1715.  Batsch.  f. 
224.    Nees.f.  242.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  360. 

In  woods.     Rare.  [United  States.] 

A  small  variety  has  been  found  at  Ascot,  remarkable  for  an  appearance  in 
the  spines  like  that  of  shot  silk.  Spores  ferruginous.— £.  <i:Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
1865,  no.  1025. 

*^*  Spines  immutable  ;  spores  whitish. 

847.  Hydnum  nigrum.     Fr.     "  Black  Hydnum." 

Pileus  corky,  rigid,  tomentose,  zoneless,  blue-black,  within 
and  the  stout  stem  black ;  margin  and  spines  white. — Fr.  Epicr. 
;?.  509.  3Iich.t.72,f.6.  Batsch.  f.  223.  Seem.  Jour.  1868, p. 334. 
Fr.  Icones.  t.  5.  Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1810, p.  86. 


296  HTDNEI. 

In  pine  woods,  &c.     Street,  Somerset. 

Inodorous,  woody.  Pileus  unequal,  flattened  or  depressed,  with  a  whitish 
margin.  Spines  slender,  equal,  becoming  cinereous.  Very  distinct,  and 
easily  recognised  by  its  black,  zoneless  flesh.  Spores  white,  round,  papil- 
lose, diameter  '00017 in.  In  ray  specimens  of  this  species  the  pileus  is  dis- 
tinctly zoued,  as  it  is  in  Fries'  own  figure  in  his  recently  published  Icones. — 
W.  Q.  S. 

848.  Hydnum  graveolens.     Del.     "  Strong-scented  Hydnum." 

Pileus  coriaceous,  thin,  soft,  not  zoned,  rugose,  dark-brown, 
brown  within  ;  margin  becoming  whitish  ;  stem  slender ;  spines 
short,  grey. — Fr.Epicr.p.bO^.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  2S0.  Rahh.F.E. 
no.  1004.  >r.  Icon.  t.  6,/.  1. 

In  woods.     Eare.  [United  States.] 

When  fresh  it  is  extremely  beautiful,  being  dark  in  the  centre  with  a  white 
border.  The  spines  are  pale,  and  the  spores  evidently  white.  The  whole 
plant  smells  extremely  strong  of  melilot,  and  after  it  has  been  dried  three  or 
four  years  the  scent  is  as  strong  as  ever.— i>.  d;  i>r. 

849.  Hydnum  tomentosum.     L.     "  Tomentose  Hydnum." 

Pileus  coriaceous,  thin,  plano-infundibuliform.  zoned,  pale 
cinereous  ;  stem  slender,  of  the  same  colour ;  disc  tomentose  ; 
margin  and  spines  white. — Fr.  Epicr.j^-  ^^O-  Scho'ff.  1. 139.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  123.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1020,/.  2.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  1865,  no. 
1025.  Seem.  Jour.  1868,  t.  76.  Harz.  t.  3.  a. 

In  fir  woods.     Ascot.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Thev  have  a  strong  smell  of  raelilot,  but  differ  from  H.  graveolens  in  the 
strongly  zoned  pileus,  more  coriaceous  substance,  and  in  the  white  (not  grey) 
spines.  The  spores  are  thrown  down  in  abundance  on  any  subjacent  objects. 
Spores  white,  globular,  rough,  or  papillated,  diameter  "00013  in. 

Sect.  2.     Pleuropus — sub- dimidiate  ;   stem  lateral. 

850.  Hydnum  auiiscalpium.     L.     "  Fir-cone  Hydnum." 

Pileus  dimidiate,  coriaceous,  reniform,  hairy,  bright  brown,  in- 
clining to  black;  stem  slender,  rooting,  hairy,  of  the  same  colour; 
spines  tough,  bright  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p.bW.  Schceff.  1. 14:3. 
FL  Dan.  1. 1020, f.l.  Grev.t.ld6.  Kromhh.t.hOJ.lb-11.  Eng. 
Fl.  \.p.  156.  Bull.  t.  481,/.  3.  Sow.  t.  267.  Cooke  exs.  no.  306. 
Bisch.f.  3284.  Sch?izl.  1. 16,/  33-35.  Kl.  exs.  no.  126. 

On  fir  cones.     Common. 

Pileus  1-1  in.  broad,  subrotund,  thin,  coriaceou?,  often  somewhat  lobed, 
the  mariiin  of  the  lobes  entire,  more  or  less  zoned,  tomentose,  purplish,  or 
reddieh-brown,  sometimes  pale  j  spines  subcinereous,  or  a  dilute  shade  of 


HTDJ^EI.  297 

the  pileus,  the  tips  often  darker,  but  not  always  so,  more  or  les?  hoary  from 
the  spores.  Stem  buried  to  some  depth  amoag-st  fir-leaves,  2-3  in.  high,  often 
confluent,  slender,  dark  brown  tomentose,  attached  by  a  shaggy  or  spongy 
base.— J/.  J.  B. 

Sect.  3.      Merisma — much  branched  or  tuberculifonn, 

immarginate. 

*  Much  branched  or  palmate. 

851.  Hydnum  coralloides.     Scop.     '•  Coral-like  Hydnum." 

Very  much  branched,  white,  at  length  yellowish,  broken  up  into 
intricate  attenuated  branches;  spines  unilateral,  subulate,  entire. 
— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  511.  Sclmff.t.  142.  Sow.  t.  252.  Lenz.f.  53. 
Kromhh.  t.  51,/.  4-7.  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  157.  Bull.  t.  390.  Bisch.  f. 
3393.  Kl.  exs.  no.  125. 

On  decayed  fir,  beech,  ash,  &c.     Rare.     Esculent. 

[United  States.] 

Young  plant,  according  to  Persoon,  resembling  a  cauliflower  ;  when  old  it 
fornis  tufcs,  afoot  or  more  in  length,  with  flesuoas,  angular  branches,  beset 
with  incurved  ramuli  bearing  spines  on  the  under  side. 

**  Tuberculiform,  immarginate. 

852.  Hydnum  erinaceus.     Bull.     "  Hedgehog  Hydnum." 

Fleshy,  tough,  elastic,  pendulous,  tuberculose,  immarginate, 
white,  then  yellowish,  torn  into  fibrils  above ;  spines  very  long, 
straight,  equal,  pendulous. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  512.  Bull.  t.  34.  Vitt. 
^  2G.   Krombh.t.bl,f.l-S.  Eng.  Fl.v.p.lbl .    Tratt.  Essh.t.Y. 

On  trunks  of  oak,  beech,  &c.     Rare.         [United  States.] 

Pileus  a  span  or  more  broad,  the  base  projecting,  soft,  torn  into  subfasci- 
culate  fibrillae  (abortive  spines) ;  margin  obtuse,  gradually  giving  out  true 
spines,  often  imbricated  with  smaller  pilei ;  spines  l\-2^\xx.  long,  pendulous, 
thick  set,  very  regular,  soft,  equally  attenuated,  connected  two  or  three  to- 
gether at  their  bases,  fastigiate  ;  substance  thick,  tough,  fleshy,  very  soft, 
elastic,  white,  not  changing  colour. — Fries.  Spores  white,  plain,  '00019  X 
•00023  in. 

853.  Hydnum  caput-medusae.  Bull.  "  Medusa-head  Hydnum." 

Fleshy,  tuberculiform,  substipitate,  white,  then  cinereous; 
upper  spines  distorted,  lower  spines  fertile,  long,  straight. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  512.   Bull.  t.  412. 

On  trunks  of  trees.     Rare.     Esculent.      [United  States.] 

Large  and  fleshy,  at  first  snowy-white,  then  dingy-cinereous  ;  stem  dilated 
into  the  pileus  ;  all  the  spines  at  first  straight,  slender,  long,  the  upper  ones 
at  length  bent  and  contorted. 

o  5 


298  HYDNEI. 

Sect.  4.     Apus — pileiis  marginate,  dimidiate,  sessile,  comraonly 

effuso-reflexed.     On  trunks. 

*  Pileus  gelatinous. 

854.  Hydnum  gelatinosuxn.     Scoj).    "  Gelatinous  Hydnum." 

Pileus  gelatinous,  tremulous,  dimidiate,  substipitate,  papillate, 

glaucous,  turning  brown ;   spines  soft,  pyramidal,  glaucous. — Fr. 

Epicr.  p.  512.  Sclueff.  1. 144.  Jacq.  Austr.  t.  239.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  717. 

Kromhh.  t.  50,/.  18-22.  Jacq.Misc.l  t.  9.   Gard.  Chron.  (1860), 

p.  1080,  fig.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  808.    Curr.  Linn.  Journ.  Y.p.  181. 

On  trunks  of  firs.     Eare.  [United  States.] 

Of  a  soft  gelatinous  consistence  approacliing  that  of  a  Tremella.  Pileus 
fan-shaped,  or  rounded  in  front,  attenuated  beliind  so  as  to  make  a  short 
spurious  stem.  In  an  early  stage  it  is  decurrent  at  the  point  of  attachiment. 
The  surface  is  of  a  bistre  brown,  uneven  with,  frequent  depressions,  and 
rough  at  first  with  little  points,  but  at  length  nearly  smootli.  The  hyme- 
nium  is  either  pure  white  or  shaded  with  a  delicate  blue  tint,  the  spines 
straight,  of  moderate  length,  and  very  delicate.  The  plant  shrinks  much  in 
drying. — M.  J.  B.  Translucent  like  opal,  gelatinous,  soft,  flaccid  ;  spines 
white;  pileus  frosted  with  shining  particles  ;  taste  pleasant.  Spores  round, 
somewhat  irregular,  white,  diameter  "00027  in. —  W.  G.  S. 

**  Pileus  corky  or  coriaceous. 

855.  Hydnum  ochraceuxn.     P.     "  Ochrey  Hydnum." 

Pileus  effuso-reflexed,  coriaceous,  thin,  zonate,  ochraceous ; 
spines  minute,  pinkish-ochre. — F7\  Epicr.  p.  514.  Sow,  t.  15. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.lo8. 

On  fallen  sticks,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Small,  at  first  entirely  resupinate,  gradually  reflexed,  and  somewhat  re- 
pand,  at  first  sparingly  clothed  with  dirty-white  down,  at  length  rugose,  1-3 
in.  broad.    Spines  short,  acute,  entire,  becoming  pale. — Fries. 

Sect.  5.     Resupinatus — pileus  resupinate. 
*  Spines  brown  or  ferruginous. 

856.  Hydaum  squalinum.     Fr.    "  Coarse  Hydnum." 

Subiculum,  coriaceous,  firm,  adnate,  wood-coloured ;  spines 
crowded,  long,  stout,  compressed,  entire,  at  length  brownish. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  515.  Ray.  Syn.  t.i.f.h.  Bolt.  t. 14:. 

On  trunks  of  trees,  especially  beech. 

Admitted  on  the  authority  of  the  figures  of  Eay  and  Bolton, 


HTDNEI.  299 

857.  Hydnum  mexn'branaceuin.     Bull.    "Membranaceous 

Hydnum." 

Subicnlum,  effuse,  waxy-membranaceons,  agglutinate,  smooth, 
tawny-ferruginous;  spines  subulate,  crowded,  equal,  acute,  of 
the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  515.  Bull.  t.  481./.  1.  Sow.  i. 
327.  E?ig.Fl.Y. p.  168.  Berk,  exs.no.  14:2.  Corda.  Anl.  t.G.,f. 
74:,no.  10,11. 

On  fallen  sticks.  [United  States.] 

The  spines  are  often  collected  in  little  fascicles,  pallid  when  young,  at 
length  brownish. 

858.  Hydnum  Weinmanni.     Fr.     " "Weiumann's  Hydnum." 

Subiculum,  effused,  waxy, membranaceous,  agglutinate,  smooth, 
greyish,  fawn-coloured ;  spines  minute,  acute,  rather  distant, 
equal. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  516.  Pers.  M.E.  t.  22,/.  2.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
713. 

On  fallen  branches.     Bristol. 

Accordingto  Fi-ies  this  species  occurs  chiefly  on  poplar  branches,  and  when 
dry  acquires  a  cinereous  tinge. 

859.  Hydnum  fuscum.     P.     "  Brown  Hydnum." 

Effused,  rufous-brown  ;  circumference  paler,  coarsely  byssoid  ; 
spines  long,  quite  entire,  close,  very  acute,  shining  as  if  var- 
nished.— Pers.  M.E.  ii.  1. 17,/.  3.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  158. 

On  dead  wood.     Eare, 

In  its  dry  state  it  is  rather  thicker  than  other  effused  species,  and  is  re- 
markable for  the  long,  dark,  rufous-brown  spines,  which  shine  as  if  var- 
nished.—J/.  J.  B. 

860.  Hydnum  ferruginosum.     Fr.     "  Rusty  Hydnum." 

Subicnlum  effused,  tomentose,  tawny-ferruginous ;  spines 
crowded,  conico-subulate,  acute,  of  the  same  colour. — Fr. 
Epicr.  p.  516.  Schrad.  Spic.  t.  4./  2.  Nees.f.  248.  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
p.  158.  Purt.  t.  15. 

On  decaying  wood.  [United  States.] 

The  whole  plant  consists  of  densely  woven  down,  forming  an  effused,  in- 
determinate mass,  the  hymenium  composed  of  erect  or  oblique  spines,  which 
are  villous  and  frequently  abortive,  so  as  easily  to  ba  taken  for  some  species 
of  the  order  Eyplwniycetes.  The  colour  varies  from  ferruginous  to  brownish. 
—if.  /.  B. 


300  HYDNEI. 

861.  Hydnum  variecolor.     P.     "  Yaricoloured  Hydnura." 

Subiciilum  effuse,  adnate,  fnrfuraceo-crnstaceoiis,  -white; 
spines  crowded,  conical,  short,  unequal,  minute,  brownish. — 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  516. 

On  dead  stumps.     Rare. 

Somewhat  similar  to  Hyd.  farinaceum.    The  spines  are  usually  adpressed. 

**   Spines  yellowish  or  greenish. 

862.  Hydnum  alutaccum.     F7\     "  Tan-coloured  Hydnum." 

Subiculum  longitudinally  effuse,  crustaceous,  adnate,  smooth, 
pallid  ocliraceous,  circumference  naked  ;  spines  minute,  crowded, 
equal,  acute. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  516.  Ann.N.H.no.  714. 

On  dead  wood.     Rare.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

It   has  the  colour  and  appearance,  at  first,  o?  Grandinia  granulosa,  from 
which,  however,  it  is  quite  distinct. 

863.  Hydnuzn  spatliulatum.     Fr.     "  Spoon-shaped  Hydnum." 

Subiculum  effused,  membranaceous,  seceding,  whitish  or  yel- 
lowish, circumference  fimbriate ;  spines  spathulate,  oblique, 
orange.- — Fr.  Epicr. p.  517.  Ann.  N.H.no.'i^l. 

On  decaying  wood.     Rare.  [Mid,  Carolina,  U.S.] 

The  whole  plant  separates  easily  from  the  wood,  and  the  teeth  are  broad 
and  epathulate,  by  which  characters  it  is  readily  distinguished. — B.  c&  Br. 

\*  Spines  flesh-coloured,  lilac,  or  rufescent. 

864.  Hydnum  udum.     Fr.     "  Moist  Hydnum." 

Subiculum  effused,  thin,  subgelatinous,  agglutinate,  smooth, 
flesh-coloured,  then  watery  yellow  ;  spines  crowded,  unequal, 
forked  and  fimbriate,  of  the  same  colour. — Fr.Epicr.  p.bll. 
Berk.  Outl.  t.  11.  f.  3.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  160. 

On  fallen  branches.  [Low  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Formint^  elongated  patches  4-5  in.  long.     When  dry  yellowish  towards 
the  margin,  the  more  central  parts  being  of  a  pale  fawn-colour. — M.  J.  B. 


Spines  white. 


865.  Hydnum  niveum.     P.     "  Snowy  Hydnum." 

White ;  subiculum  effused,  thin,  membranaceous,  adnate,  cir- 
cumference byssoid ;   spines  crowded,  short,   equal,    smooth. — 


HTDNEI.  301 

Fr.  Epicr.  p.  518.    Pers.Disp.  tA.f.  6,7.    Nees.f.2i%.    Ann. 
N. H.  no.  S61. 

On  dead  wood,  leaves,  &c.     Rare.     Bristol. 

var.  Persistenter  niveum.     Teetli  compressed. 

Running  over   shaded  twigs  of  heath  near  the    ground,  in 
little  membranaceous  films.     Ascot. 

This  does  not  become  so  yellow  in  drying  as  specimens  from  other  locali- 
ties.   The  patches  are  only  a  few  lines  across. 


866.  Rydnum  faxinaceum.    P.     "  Mealy  Hydnum." 

White ;  subiculum  effused,  indeterminate,  farinoso-crusta- 
ceous  ;  circumference  somewhat  flocculose  ;  spines  slender,  sub- 
distant,  very  acute  and  entire. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  519.  Fl.  Dan. 
f.  1375.  Eng.Fl.  y.  p.lb^.    Kl.exs.no.  623. 

On  decayed  wood.  [United  States,] 

Forming  thin,  effused  patches,  resenabling  scattered  meal,   beset   with 
distant,  acute  spines. 

867.  Hydnuxn  axgutuxxi.     F?'.    "  Spongy  Hydnum." 

White;  subiculum  effused,  spreading,  tomentose, interwoven, 
adnate  ;  spines  acute,  subulate,  unequal,  serrate  or  toothed. — Fr. 
Epicr. p.  519.  Roth.  Ust.  Ann.  i.  t.  \.f.  5.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
1865,710.1026. 

On  wood  and  bark.     Sept.     Bodelwyddan.     Twycross. 

The  distinctive  character  seems  to  reside  in  the  spongy  subiculum,  which 
consists  of  rather  strong  perpendicular  threads.  The  spores  are  large  and 
Bubglobose. 


868.        Hyinum  plumosum.     Duhj.     "  Feathered  Hydnum." 

Snow-white,  downy  ;  subiculum  very  delicate  ;  spines  divided, 
feathered  at  the  apex. — Duhj.  Bot.  Gall.  \i.p.  778.  Berk.  Outl. 
p. 261. 

On  dead  wood.     Rare.     Lambley,  Notts.    [Low.  Carolina.] 

Distinguished  by  the  peculiar  feathered  apex  of  the  spines.    An  anomalous 
species  referred  to  this  genus  by  Duby  with  doubt. 


302 


HYDNEI. 


Gen.  29. 


SISTOTREMA,  Fr.  Sys.  Myc. 


'  r 


Hymenium  spread  over  gill-like, 
somewhat  waxy  teeth,  irregularly 
distributed,  distinct  from  the  pileus, 
and  easily  separable. — Fr.  S.  M.  p. 
426.  Epicr,  p.  520.  {Fig.  72.) 

Fleshy  or  membranaceous  fungi,  either 
with  a  stem  or  sessile. 


vjr'  --So.  ^^ 


Fig.  72. 


869.        Sistotrema  conflueas.     Pers.    "  Confluent  Sistotrema." 

Simple,  confluent,  white;  pileus  fleshy,  irregular,  horizontal, 
yillous;  stem  somewhat  excentric  ;  teeth  flexuose  (entire  or 
jagged)'.— i^r.  Epicr.p.  520.  Bull.  t.  453,/  1.  Grev.  t.  248.  Sow. 
t.Tl2.  Eng.Fl.Y. p. IQO. 

On  the  ground.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Gregarious,  often  anastomosing,  or  two  or  three  growing  into  each  other, 
scentless,  brittle,  whitish,  at  length  yellowish,  or  tinged  with  brown  ;  stem 
attenuated  below,  central  or  lateral,  about  an  inch  iiigh  ;  pileus  about  1  m. 
broad,  somewhat  depressed.  Tooth-like  plates  of  the  hymenium  entire  or 
jagged.- Grey.  I  ^^^'  "^^ 


Gen.  30. 


Fig.  73. 


Z&PES,  Fr.  El.p.  142. 

Teeth  formed  at  an  early  stage  of 
the  growth  of  the  subiculum,  con- 
crete with  it,  and  disposed  in  rows, 
or  like  network,  and  connected  to- 
gether. {Fig.  73.) 

Hymenium  inferior,  at  first  toothed. 
Teeth  vaiiable,  firm,  somewhat  coriaceous, 
acute,  entirely  concrete  with  the  pileus, 
placed  in  rows,  or  netted  and  connected  at  the 
l3ase  into  lamellae,  or  porous  folds.  Ligna- 
tile  fungi,  rather  coriaceous,  approaching 
Lenzites  and  Dadalea,  but  the  hymenium  is 
toothed  from  the  first,  the  teeth  not  lacer- 
ated.— Fr.  Epicr.  J).  521. 


HTDXEI.  303 

870.  Irpex  pendulus.     Fr.     "  Pendulous  Irpex." 

Pileus  membranaceous,  plicate,  clothed  with  adpressed,  pilose 
scales,  yellow;  extended  behind,  pendulous  ;  margin  white  ;  teeth 
seriate,  large,  incised,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.o2\.  All.  ^'  Sch.t. 
6,/.  7.  Eng.Fl.Y, p.  160.  Bisch.f.Sm.  Rahh.F.E.no.l^. 

On  pine  wood.     Rare.     Scotland.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Pilei  1  in.  or  more  broad,  very  tliin,  somewhat  resembling  paper,  capable 
of  being  folded  up  or  stretched,  concrete  or  infundibuliform,  from  a  stem- 
like base,  clothed  ^vith  long,  even,  pilose  scales,  so  closely  pressed  that  the 
whole  surface  appears  slightly  rugulose;  spines  distinct,  cliiefly  seated  on 
the  produced  base,  which  is  at  length  brownish,  various  in  form,  generally 
disposed  in  rows. — Fries. 

871.  Irpex  Johnstoni.     Berh.     "  Johnston's  Irpex." 

Pure  white,  coriaceo-membranaceous,  separable  from  the 
matrix ;  circumference  naked ;  teeth  compressed,  unequal,  dis- 
posed in  rows. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  262.  Irpex  lacteus,  Eng.  Fl.  y.p. 
161. 

On  dead  branches  of  beech. 

Two  inches  long,  effused,  with  the  margin  reflexed  all  round,  and  the 
teeth  exactly  resembling  those  of  many  true  species  of  Ili/d/mm,  but  on 
minute  inspection  they  will  hi  found  to  be  seated  upon  hue  folds,  and  dis- 
posed in  row3.—3f.J.B. 

872.  IrpesL  obliquus.     Fr.     "  Oblique  Irpex." 

Effuse,  crustuso-adnate,  white,  then  pallid,  circumference 
byssoid,  teeth  springing  from  a  porous  base,  compressed,  un- 
equal, incised,  oblique. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  5J3.  Bolt.  1. 167,/.  1.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  121. 

On  fallen  branches.     Berwick.     Linlithgowshire. 

[Low.  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 

"This  spreads  in  irregular  patches  on  the  surface  of  decaying  wood.  The 
pores  for  a  small  space  round  the  margin  are  round  and  distinct,  but  to- 
wards the  centre  greatly  lengthened  out,  lying  one  upon  another  in  an  im- 
bricated manner.  The  colour  is  white  at  first,  when  old  it  changes  to  a 
yellow  brown,  and  at  last  to  a  dirty,  fuscou3  black." — Bolton.    (Fig.  JS.J 

873.  Erpex  fusco-violaceus.     Fr.     "  Violet  Irpex." 

Pileus  effused,  reflexed,  coriaceous,  silky,  zoned,  greyish 
white  ;  teeth  lamelloso-seriate,  brownish  riolet,  incised  at  the 
tips. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  521.  Willd.  Bot.  Maj.  iv.  t.  2./.  5.  Fckl.  exs. 
no.  1337.  Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1870.^.  87. 

On  pine  trunks.     Leigh  Woods.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 


304 
Gen.  31. 


HYDNEI. 


RADULTJM,  Fr.  El.  p.  148. 


Tubercles  nide,  irregular,  com- 
monly elongated  and  cylindrical, 
obtuse,  waxy.  {Fig.  74.) 

Hymenium  anipliigenous,  tubercular. 
Tubercles  rough,  irregular,  generally 
elongated  and  cylindrical,  obtuse,  waxy 
or  fleshy,  scattered  or  fasciculate.  A  very 
natural  genus  of  epixylous  fungi,  resupi- 
nate,  extendpd,  usually  breaking  through 
the  bark. — Fr.  Epicr,  p.  524. 


Fig.  74. 


874.  Radulum  oxbiculaire.     Fr.    "  Orbicular  Eadulum." 

In  the  autumn — effused,  orbicular,  confluent,  white,  then  yel- 
lowish ;  circumference  byssoid ;  tubercles  elongated,  irregular, 
roundish,  scattered  or  fasciculate  ;  in  the  spring — waxy  or  fleshy, 
smooth,  flesh-coloured  ;  tubercles  broader  and  shorter. — Fr. 
£picr.p.b24.   Grev.t.'278.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  IQl.  BaiLt.29. 

On  dead  branches  of  birch. 

Very  variable,  generally  originating  beneath  the  epidermis,  2-3  in.  broad, 
quite  membranaceous,  or  above  2  lines  thick,  margin  byssoid,  occasionally 
ehowing  a  disposition  to  become  reflexed;  hymenium  consi!^ting  of  irregularly 
disposed,  oblique,  or  erect,  tooth-like,  obtuse,  entire,  or  laoiniated,  often  fas- 
ciculate tubercles,  the  a]uces  sometimes  somewhat  tomentose.  Occasionally 
they  are  much  scattered  and  almost  resemble  spines. — M.  J.  B. 

875.  Radulum  quercinum.     Fr.     "  Oak  Eadulum." 


innate,  crus- 


Somewhat  rounded,  then  broadly  confluent, 
taceous,  becoming  smooth,  white,  then  pallid  ;  tubercles 
rounded,  elongated,  stout,  obtuse,  scattered,  or  fasciculate,  irre- 
gular, floccoso-villose  at  the  apex. — Fr.Epicr.p.b2b.  Ray.  Syn. 
t.  1./.  4.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  362.  Hydnmn  Barha-Jovis,  Sow.  t.  328. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.  159. 

On  branches  of  oak.     Rare. 

Adnate,  persistent,  2-3  in.  long,  according  to  Fries,  but  Eng.  Fl.  states — 
**  Sometimes  a  foot  or  more  broad,  white  when  young, then  yellowish  rufous, 
membranaceous,  composed  of  the  finest  down,  margin  byssoid,  pure  white." 

(Fig.  74.; 


HYDNEI. 


305 


876.        Radulum  fagineum.     Fr,    "  Beech  Radulum." 

Innate,  decorticating,  smooth,  white,  becoming  pallid ;  tu- 
bercles elongated,  terete,  obtuse,  entire. — Fr.El.p.  152.  Fr. 
Epicr.p.  b2b. 

On  prostrate  beeches.     Feb.  Mar.    ;^Epping  Forest.    W.G.S. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

Tliis  species  was  found  in  abundance  in  Epping  Forest  in  1869,  but  has 
not  been  met  with  since. 


Gen,   32. 


PHLEBIA,  Fr.  S.  M.  p.  426. 


0  ^.^^^^te^^ 


Hymenium  soft  and  waxy  (sub- 
gelatinousj,  spread  over  persistent 
crest-like  wrinkles  or  veins,  whose 
edge  is  entire.  (Fig,  76.) 

Hymenium  amphigenous,  of  a  soft,  waxy 
texture,  glabrous,  continuous,  from  the 
first  corrugated,  spread  over  crowded,  in- 
terrupted, and  persistent  wrinkles  or  veins, 
whose  edge  is  entire.  Eesupinate,  spread- 
ing fungi,  when  moist  gelatinous  and  waxy, 
when  dry  cartilaginous.— i^r.^^^ic-r.^;.  526. 


Fig.  75. 


877.  Phlebia  meiismoides.    />."  Straight-folded  Phlebia. " 

Effuse,  even  or  encrusting,  flesh-coloured,  then  livid,  white 
and  villous  beneath,  circumference  orange,  strigose ;  wrinkles 
simple,  straight,  crowded. — F?-.  Epicr.p.  526.  Grev.t,  280.  Huss. 
ii.  t.  44.     Eng.  F.  v. p.  162.  Bail,  t.2d. 

On  old  stumps  and  decayed  branches.     Rare. 

[United  States.] 

*'  Plant  2-3  in.  across,  folds  nearly  straight  when  growing  on  a  smooth 
surface,  passing  into  prominent  papillae  in  individuals  incrusting  mosses." 
Thin,  almost  tremelloid  when  fresh.  (-Fiff.  7o.) 

878.  Phlebia  radiata.     Fr.     "  Eadiating  Phlebia." 

Subrotund,  equal,  smooth  on  both  sides,  fleshy-red,  circum- 
ference radiato-dentate,  folds  straight,  radiating  in  rows. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  626.  Sow.t.2dl.  Eng.Fl.Y.p,  162. 

On  baik.     Very  rare.     Appin.  [United  States.] 


306 


HTDNEI. 


Between  flesliy  and  membranaceous,  tough,  at  first  orbicular,  then  dilated, 
confluent,  1-3  iuclies  broad;  margin  free,  smooth,  but  beautifully  fibroso- 
radiated  ;  folds  radiating  from  the  centre,  short,  interwoven,  very  close. — 
Frie.'^.  Thicker  thau  P.  merismoides,  and  bright  in  colour,  almost  orange. — 
M.  J.  B. 


879. 


Fhlebia  contoxta.     Fr.     "  Contorted  Phlebia." 


Effuse,  rather  firm,  rufous,  then  brown,  smooth  on  both  sides, 
circumference  indeterminate,  folds  here  and  there  conglomerate, 
or  ramulose,  somewhat  flexuose,  irregularly  disposed. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  526.  Pers.  M.E.  1. 18./  5. 

On  decayed  wood.     Rare. 

Eflfused  and  contorted,  substance  firmer  than  in  the  last,  folds  not  radia- 
ting, but  sometimes  scattered  and  sometimes  conglomerated. 


880. 


Phlebia  vaga.     Fr.     "  Rambling  Phlebia." 

Effuse,  adnate ;  circumference  byssoid  or  fibrillose,  dirty-yel- 
lowish ;  hymenium  yellowish-grey  ;  veins  creeping,  intricate,  at 
length  coalescing,  and  granuloso-papillose. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  527. 
Ann.  N.H.no.  51.  Loudon,/.  16126. 

On  decayed  wood.     Common.        [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Arachnoid  at  first,  tben  traversed  with  intricate  fructifying  veins,  rather 
than  wrinkles,  which  multiply  rapidly  and  form  an  intricate  mass. — M.  J.  B. 


Gen.  33. 


GRANDZNXA,  Fr.  Gen.  Hym. 


Hymenium  waxy,  granulated ; 

granules  obtuse,    entire,    equal, 

crowded,  smooth,  persistent. 

{Fig.n.)  ^ 

Hymenium  amphigenous,  continu- 
ous, waxy,  papillose,  warty,  orgranu- 
lose ;  the  granules  globular  or  hemis- 
pherical, entire,  obtuse,  crowded,  re- 
gular, glabrous,  persistent.  Incrust- 
ing,  spreading,  soft  fungi. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  527. 


Fis.  76. 


881. 


Grandinia  papulosa.     F?'.     "Papillose  Grandinia." 


Membranaceous,  subrotund,  entire,  seceding,  milk  white,  smooth 
and  yellowish  beneath  ;  circumference  furfuraceous  ;  hymenium 
very  much  cracked  ;    granules  minute,  crowded,  equal,  subsphe- 


HTDNEI. 


307 


rical. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  528.   Berh.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  282.    Libert,  exs. 
no.  21. 

On  sticks.     Wiltshire.     C.  E,  B. 

The  plant  found  by  Mr.  Broome  in  Wiltshire  is  exactly  like  that  of  Madame 
Libert  •  it  was  proloably  omitted  from  Berkeley's  Oatliaes  from  a  doubt 
whether  it  was  really  the  species  intended  by  Fries. 


832. 


Fr.     "  Granular  Grandinia." 


Grandinia  granulosa. 

Waxv,  broadly  effused,  agglutinate,  tan-coloured ;  circumfer  - 
ence  determinate,  smooth;  hymenium  equal;  granules  hemis- 
pherical, equal,  crowded. — Fr.Epicr.  p.  627.  Vheleplioragrami- 
losa,  Eng.  Fl.y.p.  171.  Berk.  exs.  no.  299. 

On  fallen  branches.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Forming  a  thin,  adnate,  whitish,  or  sub-ochraceous  stratum,  following  the 
irregularities  of  the  wood,  with  scarcely  any  definite  circumference,  beset 
with  crowded,  rather  sharp  granules. — M.J.B.  (Fig.  7Q.) 

883.  Grandinia  ocellata.     Fr.     "  Ocellate  Grandinia." 

Waxy,  broadly  effused,  agglutinate,  li\'id  ;  circumference  in- 
determinate, sterile;  hymenium  unequal;  granules  crowded, 
somewhat  conical,  obtuse,  equal,  of  the  same  colour. — B.  ^'  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  1027.  Fr.  Epicr.p.  527. 

On  dead  prostrate  trunks.  Aug.  Sept.  Bodclwyddan. 
Coed  Coch. 


Gen.  34. 


^^^igWjiw 


ODONTZA,  Fr.  Gen.  Hym. 


Fig.  77. 


Subiculum  formed  of  inter- 
woven fibres,  clothed  with  pa- 
pillose or  spine-shaped  warts, 
which  are  crested  at  the  apex. 

(Fig.  77.) 

Hymenium  inferior,  formed  of  fi- 
bres interwoven  into  papillose  warts, 
rarely  awl  or  brittle-like,  furnished  at 
the  apex  with  a  multifid  crest.  Ke- 
supinate,  spreading  fungi,  dry,  not 
waxy,  approaching  more  to  Hydnum, 
—Fr.  Epicr.p.  528. 


884. 


Odontia  fimbriata.     Fr. 


"  Fringed  Odontia." 


Effuse,  membranaceous,  separating,  traversed  by  rhizomorphoid 
threads,  pallid  ;  circumference  fibrilloso-fimbriate  ;  warts  minute. 


308 


AURICULAEINI. 


granuliform,  apex  multifid,  rufcscent. — Fr.Epkr.p.  529.  Pers. 
M.E.t.  6,/.  5,6.  Berk.exs.no.  143.  llydnum  fimhriatum,  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.lbd. 

On  fallen  branches.  [United  States.] 

In  youns^  perfect  specimens  the  membrane  is  furnished  with  branched  ribs, 
which  adhere  less  firmly  to  the  matrix.  Margin  most  elecantly  radiato- 
fibrillose,  wliite.  Dry  specimens  are  of  a  uniform  fawn-colour.  Sometimes 
the  fimbriated  margin  is  entirely  absent.  Warts  at  first  granular,  minute,  at 
length  elongated.  -  i/. /.  jB.  (Fij.  77.) 


Order  IV.     A  URICULARINI. 

Hymenium  confluent  with  the  hymenophore,  at  first  even,  or 
rarely  veined,  and  commonly  remaining  even. 

Fleshy  — 

Hymenium  distinct,  even  or  rugose,  putrescent 

when  old Craterellus. 

Hymenium  fleshy,  tough,  at  length  rigid,  stri- 
ate, veined,  or  papillose Thelepkora. 

Hymenium   coriaceous,  even,   without  bristles     Stereum. 

_  Beset  with  short  stiff  bristles       .     .     .     Hymenochcete. 
Hymenium  gelatinous  when  moist,  folded   .     .     Aitricidaria. 
Hymenium  fleshy,  collapsing  when  dry,  even  .     Corticium. 
Cup-shaped,  submembranaceous — 

Hymenium  inferior Cyphella. 

Cylindrical,  tubular Solenia. 

Hymenium  homogeneous,  closely  floccose,  beset  with 

rigid,  fasciculate  bristles Kneiffia. 

Gen.  35.  KNEIFFIA,  Fr.  Gen.  Hym. 

o 

O  Soft,  loosely   fleshy,    floccnlose 

®  and  collapsing  when  dry  ;    hyme- 

/^K^T^^'^^^^—gEgp-  nium  rough  with  rigid,  scattered, 

(t^j^.  i\'^^j-^*^-^^^-^-'  and  fasciculate  bristles. 

W-iJ^'^^^L ,j  ^\.'?^^i^^^^^  Hymenium  amphigenous,  continuous, 

^ .y •) \^l .  ■ . ^j<^  i .-rf  i\  ■^■^(i  destitute  of   granules  or  warts,   rough 

^^}^^r^^^^\A^iiZ'^'-^^  ^^^  ^^^^  bristles  scattered  or  fasciculate. 

'Ss^:^..,.^'}- :■: .#?>0'^^\  ''^'^  Fleshy,  soft  fungi  protruding  in  various 

^^^^^^li^^k^  '0'="--^^^  forms  from  the  clefts  of  bark,  in  their 

^^^\.  '27^^^*^"-^ j^  most  perfect  form  hemispherical ;  col- 

^^^■-' - '^- " Y^^' (-  "'^" ""j'^  lapsing  into  flocci  when  dry.-i^r.  Epicr. 

Fig.  78. 


AIJEICIJLAEINI. 


309 


885.  Kneiffia  setigera.    Fr.     "  Bristly  Kneiffia." 

White,  irregularly  effused,  thickish,  fleshy,  undulate,  flocciilose 
within,  silky  beneath,  bristles  scattered,  hyaline. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
529.  Fr.  El. p.  208.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  363. 

On  fallen  branches,      ^yraxall.  [United  States.] 

White,  somewhat  resembling  G randiTiia  granulosava. genevdil  appearance. — 
-3/.  J,  B.  (Fig.  79.) 

Gen.  36.  CRATEZIELLUS,  Fr.  Gen.  Hym. 


Fleshy.  Hymenium  un- 
changeable, carnoso-membra- 
naceous,  distinct, smooth, even, 
or  at  length  rugose.  Putres- 
cent when  old.         {J^^9-  79.) 


886. 


Fig.  79. 

Czatezellus  lutescens.     Fr.     "Yellowish  Craterellus." 


Pileus  submembranaceous,  tubseform,  soon  pervious,  undulated, 
brown,  flocculose ;  stem  hollow,  yellow ;  hymenium  remotely 
costate,  even,  then  rough  with  interwoven  veins. — Fr.  Epicr.  p, 
532.  Fers.  M.E.  1 13,  /.  1.  Schceff.  1. 157.  Kl.  exs.  ii.,  no.  208. 
Bolt.  1. 105,/.  2.  Batsch.f.  36.  Cantharellus  lutescens,  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
p.  126. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Edinburgh.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Single  or  gregarious.  Pileus  1-3  in.  broad,  depressed,  at  length  infundi- 
buliform,  yellowish  livid-biown  ;  veins  decurrent,  anastomosing,  flexuous, 
yellow  or  flesh  colour;  stem  2-3  in.  high,  2-3  lines  thick,  yellow,  hollow,  un- 
equal.— Grev. 

887.       Cxatezellus  cornucopicides.  Fr.    "  Horn-like  Craterellus." 

Pileus  submembranaceous,  tub^fonn,  pervious,  squamulose, 
dingy-black  ;  stem  hollow,  black  ;  hymenium  even,  then  rugu- 
lose,  cinereous. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  532.  Bisch.  f.  3304.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 
384,   1260.    El.  exs.  no.  626.    SchcFff.  t.  165,  166.    Sow.  t.  14., 


310 


ATTEICULARINI. 


Kromhli.tAo,f.lS,  t.iG,/.  10-13.  MicJi.t.  82,/.  5,  6.  Berh 
Outl.  1. 19,/.  6.  IIuss.  ii.  t.  37.  ^.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  1866,  p.  55. 
Cantharellus  cornucopioides^  Eng.  Fl.  y. 2^.  12Q.  Schnitz.  Sturm, 
t.b. 

In  woods,  on  the  ground.  [United  States.] 

Spores  "OOOG  X  •00035  in.  SporopLores  forked  above,  the  spicules  long  and 
often  less  than  four  in  number.  More  or  less  tufted.  Pileus  3  in.  or  more 
broad,  dark  brown- black,  perforated,  trumpet-shaped,  somewhat  lobed  and 
split,  touyh,  elastic,  rugoso-squamulose,  confluent  with  the  subobsoiete  black 
Btem.  Hjanenium  decurrent,  cinereous,  either  very  slightly  rugulose,  or  dis- 
inctly  wrinkled.— J/.  J.  B.  (Fig.  79.) 

888.  Cratesellus  sinuosus.    Fr.    "  Waved  Craterellus." 

'Pileus  rather  fleshy,  infundibuliform,  undulated,  flocculoso- 
villous,  brownish-grey  ;  stem  stuffed ;  hymenium  at  length  im- 
plexo-rugose,  pallid  cinereous,  as  well  as  the  stem. — Fr.  Epicr, 
p.  533.  Vaill.  t.  11,/.  11-13.  Cantharellus  sinuosus,  Eng.  Fl.v. 
p.  127.  Kl.  exs.  no.  625.  Berh.  exs.  no.  280. 

In  woods.     Scotland. 

Distinguished  from  every  state  of  the  preceding  by  the  colour,  and  the 
different  nature  of  the  stem.— 31.  J.  B.  Spores  cream  colour,  '00021  X  "00035 
in. 

889.  Craterellus  crispus.     Fr.    *'  Crisped  Craterellus." 

Pileus  somewhat  pervious,  crisped,  dingy,  inclined  to  tawny; 
stem  stuffed  below  ;  hymenium  nearly  even. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  533. 
Bull.  t.  465.  Sow.  t.  75.   Cooke  exs.  no.  22d. 

In  woods. 

Kymenium  sometimes  -white,  sometimes  dingy.  Fries  appears  to  con- 
sider it  a  variety  of  C.  sinuosus. 


Gen.  37. 


THELEPHORA,  Fr.  Gen.   Hy 


m. 


Pileus  destitute  of  cuticle, 
consisting  of  interwoven  fibres. 
Hymenium  costato-striate  or 
papillose,  of  a  tough,  fleshy 
consistence,  at  length  rigid, 
and  finally  collapsing  and  floc- 
culent.  (Fig.  80.) 


Fig.  80. 


ATJEICTILAEINI.  311 

Sect.  1.     Mesopus. 

890.  Thelephora  Sowerbei.     Bcrh.     "  Sowerby's  Thelephora." 

White,  infundibuliform,  at  length  discoloured,  rough  and 
aculeate  above,  hjmenium  not  setulose. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
1865, 7Z0. 1027*.  Berlt.  Outl.p.  266.  Sow.  t.  155. 

On  the  ground  in  woods.     Rare.     Burnham  Beeches. 

When  fresh  of  a  pure  white,  when  exposed  to  the  weather  it  assumes  a 
dingy  yellow  tinge  here  and  there.  The  hymenium  is  not  in  the  slightest 
degree  setulose.  The  pileus  is  rough,  with  radiating  processes  projecting 
from  the  surface.  Sowerby's  figure  was  evidently  taken  from  discoloured 
specimens,  but  is  very  faithful. — J/.  /.  JB. 

891.  Thelephora  multizonata.    B,  ^^  Br.     "Many-zoned 

Thelephora." 

Pileus  multiplex,  infundibuliform,  originating  from  the  vari- 
able confluent  lobes  and  stems,  above  of  a  beautiful  fleshy-red, 
and  much  zoned  ;  margin  lobato-crenulate,  hymenium  finely 
ribbed, paler,  smooth. — Ann.  N.H.  1865,720. 1028,  t.  xiii./.  4.  T. 
pannosa,  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  163.   T.  Soiverhei,Berh.  Outl.  in  j^art. 

On  the  ground.     Cotterstock. 

Forming  a  dense  mass,  of  a  beautiful  reddish  tint  ;  flesh  and  stem  zoned 
within.  Perfectly  distinct  from  Sowerby's  plant,  with  which  it  is  confounded 
in  Eng.  Fl.  and  Berk.  Outh 

892.  Thelephora  tul^erosa.     Grev.    "  Tuberous  Thelephora." 

Subcoriaceous,  smooth,  pallid,  becoming  rufous ;  pileus  cut 
down  to  the  bulbous  stem  into  compressed  branches,  disposed  in 
an  infundibuliform  manner,  hymenium  inferior,  smooth. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  535.   Grev.  t.  178.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  161. 

On  the  ground.     Rare.     Edinburgh.     [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Scattered,  subcoriaceous,  about  1  in.  high  ;  pileus  about  two-thirds  of  the 
height  of  the  entire  plant,  variously  divided  into  compressed,  acute,  or  ob- 
tuse branches.  The  main  brandies  are  given  off  from  the  same  point,  and 
are  disposed  in  a  circular  manner,  leaving  the  centre  free,  and  somewhat 
infundibuliform  ;  stem  nearly  cj'lindrical,  obscurely  furrowed,  or  lacunose, 
bulbous  at  the  base.  Hymenium  covering  the  whole  plant  except  the  stem. 
Spores  oval,  numerous. — Grev. 

893.  Thelephora  anthocephala.     Fr.     "Flower-headed 

Thelephora." 

Coriaceous,  soft,  subferruginous  ;  pileus  divided  to  the  simple, 
equal,  villous  stem,  into  sub-erect  lacinia^,  which  are  dilated  up- 
wards, and    fimbriate,  becoming  whitish  ;  hymenium   inferior, 


312 


AUEICULAEINI. 


BYen. —Fr.  Epkr.p.  53G.  Bull.  t.  452,/.  1.  Beik.  Outl.  t.  11  J. 
4.  Sow.  t.  156.  Berk.  exs.  no.  244.  T.  coralloides,  Eng.  Fl.  y.p. 
163. 

On  the  ground  in  woods.  [United  States.] 

From  the  same  point  spring  many  erect,  often  confluent,  pale  branches, 
spreading  upwards  into  greyish  or  purplish  brown,  stroni^ly  streaked  branch- 
lets,  dispt  sed  frequently  like  the  petals  of  a  pink,  their  apices  dilated,  pale, 
and  generally  fimbriated.     Smell  scarcely  any. — M.J.B. 

694.  Thelephira  caryophyllea.     Fr.     "Clove-coloured 

Thelephora." 

Siibcoriaceous,  purplish  brown ;  pileus  depressed,  fibroso- 
lacerate;  margin  sometimes  incised,  sometimes  divided  into  a 
few  linear  branches,  hymenium  nearly  even,  smooth. — Fr.  Epicr. 
JO.  536.  A7in.N.  11.710.283.  Berk.  exs.  no.  24:1.  Cooke.exs.no. 
219.    Corda.  Icon.Y.f.  72.  Schniiz.  Sturm,  t.  6. 

On  the  ground  in  woods.     Rare.     Bungay.    [United  States.] 

It  assumes  every  form,  from  that  of  a  perfect  cup  with  a  central  stem  to  a 
much  and  irregularly  branched  frond. — M.J.B. 


Sect.  2.     Merisma. 

895.  Thelephora  palmata.     Fr.     "  Palmate  Thelephora." 

Coriaceous,  soft,  erect,  very  much  branched,  pubescent,  pur- 
plish-brown, base  simple  and  strm-like,  branches  flat,  even; 
dilated  above,  palmate,  sub-fastigiate,  tips  fimbriate,  whitish. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  537.  Grev.  t.  46.  Kromhli.  t.  54,/.  24,  25.  Holms,  i.  t. 
10.  Bisch.f.33l\.  Nees.f.lol.  En^.  Fl. Y.p.  163.  Smith,  P.M. 
f.\.  Puihh.F.E.  no.  119. 

On  the  ground.     Very  foetid.  [United  States,] 

Smell  very  bad  a  few  minutes  after  gathering,  varying  from  5  in.  to  more 
than  4  in.  in  height,  and  from  a  single  stem  to  a  dense  mass,  2  or  3  in.  in 
thickness.  -  Orev. 

896.  Thelephora  terrestris.     Fr.     "  Ground  Thelephora." 

Csespitose,  soft,  brown,  at  length  blackish;  pileoli  imbricated, 
plane,  fibroso-strigose,  zoneless,  elongated  into  a  somewhat 
lateral  stem;  margin  similar  ;  hymenium  inferior,  radiato-rugose. 
Fr.Epicr.p.b38.  Nees.f.'Abl.  Batscli.f. 121.  Eng. Fl. y.p. 166. 
Bail.  t.  28.     An7i.  de.  Sc.Nat.  (1837)  viii.  t.  8./.  12,  t.  11,/.  29. 

On  the  ground.  [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Pileus  1-2  in.  across,  somewhat  zoned,  papillae  scattered. — Eng.  Fl. 


ATJEICULAEIXI.  313 

Sect.  3.     Apus. 

897.  Thelephora  cristata.     Fr.    "  Crested  Thelephora." 

Incrusting,  rather  tough,  pallid,  passmg  into  branches,  or  as- 
cending c^espitose  lacinise,  apices  subulate,  fimbriate  ;  hymenium 
papillose,  on  even  spaces,  or  the  sides  of  the  branches. — Fr. 
Upicr.p.oSd.  Desm.exs.  no.  362.  Bull.  t.  Alb,  f.l.  Soic.t. 168. 
Linncea.Y.t.lJ.2.  Eng.  FLy.  p.  16-1.  Bisch.f.  32d0.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  284.  Berk.  exs.  no.  243.   Fl.  Dan.  t.  2212^  f.  3. 

On  moss,  &c. 

"Wliitisli,  greyish,  or  purpHsh  brown  ;  at  first  quite  resupinate,  gradually 
extending,  and  acquiring  a  branched  appearance,  the  apices  compressed, 
expanded,  and  beautifully  fringed  or  laciniated. — Eag.  Fl. 

898.  Thelephora  mollissima.     P.     "  Soft  Thelephora." 

Fleshy,  soft,  incrusting  ;  pileus  effuso-reflexed,  laciniate,  sub- 
tomentose,  whitish,  hymenium  inferior,  smooth,  even,  purplish- 
brown. — Fr.Epicr. p.  540.  Berk.  Oiitl.  t.  17,/.  5.  Ann.  X.H.  no. 
286.    Berk.  exs.  no.  245.    Desm.  exs.  no.  3G2. 

On  the  ground  in  woods. 

Extremely  variable,  sometimes  quite  effused,  sometimes  assuming  the 
form  of  T.  jjoAmafxi. — J/.  /.  B.  Often  incrustir-g  the  stems  of  grasses,  as  in 
the  figure  quoted  above. 

899.  Thelephora  laciniata.    P.     ••  Tom  Thelephora." 

Coriaceous,  soft,  incrusting,  ferruginous  brown ;  pilei  sub- 
imbricated,  effuso-reflexed,  fibroso-scjuamose,  margin  fibrous, 
fimbriated,  at  first  whitish ;  hymenium  inferior,  papillose,  floc- 
culose — Fr.Epicr.  ^.540.  Bolt.  t.  173.  Sow.  t.  213.  Fl.JJan. 
1. 1198,  949.  Eng.  Fl.  \,p.  165.  Berk.  exs.  no.  242.  Cooke  exs.  no. 
220. 

On  branches,  heathy  ground,  &c.     Common. 

[United  States.] 

Larger,  paler,  and  not  so  strigose  as  T.  terrestris,  the  fibres  being  adnate 
forming  little  ridges,  rather  than  scales  ;  margin  fringed  and  laciniated  ; 
papillae  closer. — M.  J.  B.  (Fig.  80.^ 

900.  Thelephora  biennis.     Fr.     '-'•  Biennial  Thelephora." 

Coriaceous,  soft,  broadly  incrusting,  cinereous-brown ;  pilei 
at  length  reflexed,  narrow,  tomentose;  circumference  fimbriated  ; 
hymenium  subresupinate,  smooth,  subsetulose,  plicate  at  the 
base. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  540.  Bull.  t.  436.  Ann.  N.H.  no,  364. 

p 


314  ATJRICULAEINI. 

On  the  ground,  incrusting  stones,  &c.  Eare.  Kew  and 
Bowood.  [Mid.  and  Up.  Carolina.] 

901.  Thelephoxa  fastidiosa.     Fr.     "  Stinking  Thelephora." 

Effused,  soft,  amori^hous,  incrusting,  white,  passing  into 
laminose  branches  ;  hymenium  inferior,  at  length  rufous,  papil- 
lose.— I'r.  Epicr. p,  540.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  285. 

On  the  ground.     Foetid. 

Distinguishable  at  once  by  its  abominable  odour,  wMcli  renaains  for  a  long 
time  in  dried  specimens.-  M.  J.B. 

902.  Thelephora  byssoides.    P.     "  Byssoid  Thelephora." 

Irregularly  effused,  at  first  byssoid,  ochraceous-white,  then  in 
a  compact,  fleshy  disc,  pulverulent,  yellowish,  circumference 
byssoid,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  542.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  168.  Berk. 
exs.no.  20.  FLDan.t.227G.f.2. 

On  the  ground  amongst  fir  leaves,  &c. 

Patches  1  ft.  or  more  broad,  at  first  ^vhite,  very  thin,  soft  and  cottony, 
but  not  radiating,  with  a  slight  ochraceous  tinge  in  the  centre,  gradually 
thickening,  and  becoming  more  or  less  tuberculated;  at  length  of  a  more  or 
less  intense  yellow-brown  from  the  ejection  of  the  oval,  obtuse  spores. — 
M.  J.  B. 

Sect.  4.     Besupinatus. 

903.  Thelephoxa  caesia.    P.     "  Ash-grey  Thelephora." 

Effused,  determinate,  soft,  continuous,  ashy-grey ;  hymenium 
nearly  even;  setae  quaternate. — Fr.  Epicr.p.bH.  Nees.f.  264:. 
Pers.  Obs.  i.  t.  3.f.  6.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  oC5.  Berk.  Outl.p.26d. 

On  the  ground  in  woods. 

The  surface  is  sometimes  quite  smooth,  sometimes  distinctly  papillose. — 
M.J.B. 

904.  Thelephora  sebacea.     Fr.     "  Waxy  Thelephora." 

Effused,  fleshy,  waxy,  becoming  hard,  incrusting,  variable, 
tuberculose  or  stalactitic,  whitish,  circumference  similar;  hyme- 
nium flocculose,  pruinose,  or  evanescent. — Fr.  Epicr.  p)-  542. 
Pers.  Comm.  t.  4c.  f.  4.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1302.  Leiell.  t.  607./.  3.  Berk, 
Ouil.t.ll.f.G.  Bon.t.l2.f.2b3.  Klexs.no.lSU. 

On  grass,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 


AUEICTJLAEINI.  315 

905.  Thelephoira  puteana.    Schum.     '•  Cellar  Thelepliora." 

Eoundisli  and  effused,  flesliy,  rather  thick,  fragile,  pallid- 
yellowisli ;  circumference  miicedinous,  white  ;  hymeniiini  suh- 
undulated. — Fr.Epkr.j).  542.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2035./.  1.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  7. 

On  stumps,  Tvood  in  cellars,  &c. 

Varying  from  almost  perfect  evenness  to  considerable  inequality  of  sur- 
face, witli  various  tints  of  olive,  tawny,  ferruginous,  cinereous,  &c.,  in  the 
same  patch.     When  rubbed  it  has  a  disagreeable  fishy  odour. — M.J.B. 

906.  Thelephora  la^a.     Fr.     "  Loose  Thelephora." 

Membranaceous,  soft,  loosely  adherent,  beneath  arachnoid, 
tomentose  ;  circumference  bjssoid,  white  ;  hymenium  papillose, 
pallid,  then  olive -ferruginous,  powdered  with  ferruginous  spores. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  543.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  366. 

On  lichens,  moss,  &c.     Rare. 

Analogous  to  Thelephora  puteana. 

907.  Thelephora  arida.     Ir.     '' Dry  Thelephora." 

Membranaceous,  effused,  adnate,  continuous,  circumference 
whitish  ;  hymenium  even,  sulphureous  tan  colour,  then  setulose, 
powdery, ferruginous-umber. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  8.  Fr.  El.  i.  p.  197. 
BerJc.  exs.  no.  148. 

On  decayed  pine-wood.     Common.         [Low.  Carolina.] 

Not  so  thick  as  Thelephora  putea.na. 

908.  Thelephora  olivacea.    Fr.     "  Olive  Thelephora." 

Membranaceous,  effused,  adnate,  circumference  fimbriated, 
whitish ;  hymenium  dull  olive,  setulose,  tomentose. — Fr.  Epicr. 
11.  543.  Berl:.  Outl.p.  269. 

On  pine  wood, 

909.  Thelephora  anthochroa.     P.     '•  Bright-coloured 

Thelephora." 

Effused,  sub-ad nate,  circumference  byssoid,  paler ;  hymenium 
even,  brownish-rose,  then  pallid,  floccose,  velvety.— i^r.  Epicr. 
p.  544. 

var.  versicolor.  Variously  tinted  with  fugitive  shades  of 
lilac  and  brown. — Berk.  Outl.p.  270.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  809. 

On  sycamore  twigs.     Rare.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

.  The  young  plant  of  the  above  variety  is  not  at  all  brick-coloured,  but 
variously  tinted  with  fugitive  shades  of  lilac  and  brown. — B.  d:  Br. 

p  2 


316 


ATTEICULARIXI. 


Gen.  38. 


**»«*K. 


STEREUIVI,  Fr. 


Hjmenmm  coriaceous,  rather  thick, 
concrete  with  the  intermediate  stratum 
of  the  pileus,  which  has  a  cuticle,  al- 
ways even  and  veinless,  unchangeable, 
not  beset  with  bristles.     (Fig.  81. J 


Fig.  81. 


910. 


Stereum  purpureum.    Fr.    '' Purple  Stereum." 


Coriaceous,  soft;  pileus  effuso-reflexed,  obsoletelj  zoned, 
rilloso-tomentose,  jiallid  or  whitish ;  hymenium  naked,  even, 
smooth,  purplish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  548.  Sow.  ^,  388,/.  1.  Bull,  t, 
4:83,  f.  1.  IJesm.  exs.  no.  117,  414.  Mich.  t.  66,/.4.  Huss.  i.  t.  20. 
(Batsch.f.  131.  var.)  Thelephora  purpurea,  Eng.  Fl.\.  p.  166. 
Berk.  exs.  no.  147. 


On  fallen  trunks,  especially  poplar. 


Common. 
[United  States.] 


Perennial.  Tn  general  densely  imbricated,  soft  but  coriaceous,  very  rigid 
when  dry,  deeply  zoned,  strigose,,  but  not  so  much  as  in  the  next  species ; 
margin  much  waved,  and  almost  plicate,  varying  greatly  in  colour,  whitish, 
yellowish-pallid  lilac,  and  with  frequently  a  black  zone  near  the  margin. 
Hymenium  smooth,  in  general  of  a  fine  purple  or  lilac,  at  length  cinereous, 
sometimes  dark  brown. — M.  J.  B 


911. 


Stereuxn  hirsutuzn.     F,-.     '•  Hairy  Stereum." 


Coriaceous  ;  pileus  effused  and  reflexed,  strigose,  hairy,  some- 
what zoned,  becoming  pallid;  margin  rather  obtuse,  yellow; 
hymenium  even,  smooth,  naked,  juiceless,  yellowish,  unchanged 
when  bruised. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  549.  Sow.  t.  27.  Gi'ev.t.  256.  Fl. 
Dan.t.  1109  (1738/.  1.  far.;  Bull.t.21^{483,f.2,4,var.)  Desm. 
exs.  no. IIC>.  Price, f. 8.  Mich.t.m,f.2.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  17,  f.  7. 
Iluss.  i.  t.  58.  Thelenhora  hirsuta,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  1G6.  Cooke,  exs. 
no.  307.    Bahh.  F.E.  no.  1109.    Berk.  exs.  no.  146. 

On  stumps,  &c.     Common  everywhere.      [United  States.] 


ATTRICULARINI.  317 

Perennial.  Yariable.  At  first  resupinate,  at  length  generally  reflexed, 
often  imbricatedj  more  or  less  zoned,  strigose,  tough  and  leathery,  bat  not 
rigid,  buff,  yellowish;  or  greyish,  often  acquiring  a  greenish  tinge  from  the 
presence  of  minute  Algce.  Hymenium  smooth,  even,  buff,  sometimes  cinere- 
ous; margin  entire,  more  or  less  lobed. — M.J.B.  (Fig.  81 J 

912.  Stereum  spadiceum.     Fr.     *'  Bright-brown  Stereum." 

Coriaceous;    pilei  effuso-reflexed,  villous,   sub-ferruginous; 
margin  rather  obtuse,  white,  even  beneath,  smooth  and  brownish, 
bleeding  when  bruised. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  549.     Fl.  Dan.  t.  1G19,/. 
1.  Bull.  t.  483,/.  5.   Sovj.  t.  26.   Ann.  N.H.  no.  50.  Berk.  exs.  no. 
144.    Cooke,  exs.  no.  304. 

On  sticks,  especially  ash.     Common.       [United  States.] 

Easily  known  from  every  state  of  *Sfe/'e'-<r/i^;2'//7;'.ire?/r/i  by  its  becoming  blood- 
stained when  scratched.  Spores  copious,  pure  white,  oblong-elliptic. — 
M.  J.  B. 

913.  Stereum  sanguinolentum.     Fr,    "  Bleeding  Stereum.'' 

Coriaceous,  thin:  pileus  effuso-reflexed,  closely  silky,  some- 
what striate,  pallid  ;  margin  acute,  white;  hymenium  even, 
smooth,  brownish-cinereous,  bleeding  when  wounded,  when  old 
pruinose. — Fr.Epicr.p.D-i'd.  Bail.  t.  2^.  Grev.t.'2'lh.  Fl.Boruss. 
t.  381.   Thelephora  sanguinolenta,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  167. 

On  wood  of  firs.     Common.      [Low.  and  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Densely  gregarious,  at  firsb  resupinate  and  circular,  at  length  dimidiate, 
or  with  the  margin  more  or  less  reflexed  all  round,  silky  or  almost  strigose, 
zoned,  the  zones  darker ;  hymenium  rough,  from  the  inequalities  of  the 
matrix,  otherwise  smooth,  pale  greyish-brown,  when  scratched  or  bruised 
becoming  instantly  blood-red. — JI.J.B. 

914.  Stereum  rugosum.     Fr.     **  Rugose  Stereum." 

Corky,  rigid ;  pileus  effused,  and  shortly  reflexed,  obtusely 
marginate,  atlength  smooth,  bright-brown  ;  hymenium  unpolished, 
pruinose,  somewhat  blood-stained  when  bruised. — Fr.  Epicr.  p. 
552.  T,  Lauro-cerasi,  Eng.  Fl.  var.  Thelephora  rugosa,  Eng.  FL 
y.p.  166.    Berk.  exs.  no.  145. 

On  stumps,  especially  hazel.     Common. 

[Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Assuming  a  blood-red  colour  when  scratched.     Sometimes  surviving  one  or 
more  seasons,  and  then  thick  and  zoned  within. 

915.  Stereum  acerinum.     Fr.     "  Maple  Stereum." 
Crustaceous,  adnate,  even,  smooth,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  553. 


318 


AURICULATIINI. 


Theleplwra  acerina,  Eng.Fl.  y.p.  172.  3Ioug.  exs.  no.  991.  Berk, 
exs.  no.  65. 

On  living  maple  trunks.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Spreading  in  small  detached  patches  over  the  whole  trunk,  and  resembling 
the  barren-white  crust  of  a  lichen  ;  distinguished  from  C.  samlmci  by  its 
thicker  substance,  and  not  changing  colour  at  all  when  dry.  It  is  of  a  some- 
what farinaceous  texture,  and  cracks  very  slightly  in  drying.— Jf.  J.  B. 


Gen.  39. 


HY]yiENOCH.a:TE,  Ley. 


Coriaceous,  dry.  Hymenium 
even,  beset  with  short,  stiff,  co- 
loured bristles.  (F'ig.  82.) 


Fig  82. 

916.        Hymenochaete  xubiginosa. 

chccte." 


Lev.     ''Eubiginous  Hymeno- 


Coriaceous,  rigid  ;  pileus  effuso-reflexed,  somewhat  fasciated, 
velvety,  rubiginous,  then  becoming  smooth  and  bright -brown, 
intermediate  stratum  tawny-ferruginous  ;  hymenium  ferruginous, 
velvety. — Fr.  Ejpicr.p.  550.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1619,/.  2.  Berk.  exs.  no. 
247.  Mov.g.exs.no.ij^^.  Des?n.  exs.no.4:13.  Sow.  t.  26.  Thele- 
phora  ruhiginosa,  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  165. 

On  gate  posts.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Perennial.  At  first  resupinate,  at  length  reflexed,  the  lower  margin  gene- 
rally adhering  firmly,  very  rigid  and  brittle,  often  so  deeply  grooved  as  to 
cause  corresponding  ridges  in  the  hymenium,  which  is  velvety  and  coarsely, 
but  sparingly,  papillose.     Margin  paler  and  minutely  tomentose. — M.  J.  B. 

(Fig.  82.; 

917.         Hymenochaete  tabacina.     Lev.     "  Flaccid  HymenochEete." 

Coriaceous,  thin,  flaccid ;  pileus  effused,  reflexed,  silky,  at 
length  smooth,  somewhat  ferruginous  ;  margin  and  intermediate 
filamentose  stratum  golden-yellow  ;  hymenium  paler,  pubescent. 
— Fr.Epicr.p.  550.  Bolt.  f.  174.  Berk.  exs.  no.  248.  Desm.exs.no. 
415.   Thel.  tabacina,  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  165.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  152. 

On  fallen  branches.     Rare.  [Mid.&  Up.  Carolina.] 


AUEICULAEINI. 


319 


_  Differs  from  the  foregoing  in  not  being  rigid,  and  in  consequence  shrivel- 
ling when  dry,  and  losing  all  its  beauty  j  margin  in  general  retiexed  all  round 
—M.J.B. 


918.  H3rxnenoch8ete  corragata. 

chitte." 


Bej'k.      "Cracked    Hymeno- 


Effased,  closely  aclnate,  indeterminate,  cinnamon,  cracked  when 
drj.—Berl\OutLp.272.  Grev.t.234:.  Berk.  exs.  no.  228,  24:9. 
Thelephora  corriigata^  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  172. 

On  sticks  in  woods.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Ferruginous  brown,  with  sometimes  a  slight  purplish  tinge  and  a  grey 
bloom,  as  if  covered  with  a  thin  coat  of  white  body-colour  ;  bristles  uuder 
the  microscope  jointed. — Grev. 


Gen.  40. 


AURICULARIA,  Fr. 


Hjmeninm  irregularly  and 
distantly  folded,  gelatinous 
when  wet,  different  in  sub- 
stance from  the  pileus. 

(Fig.  83  J 


Fig.  83. 
919.        Auziculaxia  xnesenterica.     Bull.     "  Entire  Auricularia." 

Pilei  resupinate,  then  reflexed,  entire,  villous,  zoned  and  fas- 
ciate,  brownish-cinereous  ;  hymenium  costato-plicate,  brownish- 
violet.— Fr.  Epicr.p.  555.  Bull.  t.  290.  Soiu.  t.  290.  Bolt.t.  172. 
Moug.  exs.  no.  492.  Desm,  exs.  no.  221.  Mich.  t.  ^j^Tf.  -1.  Huss.  ii. 
t.  6.  Phlehia  mesenterica,  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  162.  Coohe,  exs.' no.  308. 
Rahh.  F.E,  no.  1215.  Price,/.  21. 

On  stems  of  trees.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

At  first  effused,  and  quite  resupinate,  at  length  more  or  less  reflexed,  often 
dimidiate,  occasionally  infundibuliform,  2-3  in.  broad,  gelatinous  in  wet 
weather,  hard  and  cartilaginous  when  dry,  the  upper  surface  tomentose, 
more  or  less  zoned  or  fasciated  ;  hymenium  purplish-violet  or  light -brown, 
quite  smooth  or  wrinkled,  especially  when  dry,  powdered  with  a  beautiful 
bloom.— J/.  /.  B.    Spores  white,  '00027  X  -00013  in.  (Fig.  83.; 


320 


ATTRICULARINI. 


920. 


Auricularia  lobata.     Somm.     "  Lobed  Auricularia. 


Pileiis  effuso-rcflexcd,  lobed,  variegated  with  strigose  or  to- 
mentose,  yelvetj  or  smooth  zones,  brownish-white  ;  hymenium 
livid-tawny;  folds  distant,  reticulated. — Fr.Epkr.Tp.  555.  Berk. 
Outl.  t.  IS,  f.l. 

On  bark  of  trees.     Staunton. 

Yery  nearly  allied  to  Auricidaria  mesenterica. 


Gen.  41. 


CORTICIUM,  Fr 


£!n 


Hymenium  soft  and  fleshy, 
swollen  when  moist,  collapsing 
and  becoming  even  when  dry, 
often  rimose.  (^^^9'  84.) 


921. 


Fig.  84. 

Sect.  1.     Apus. 
Cozticiuzn  evolvens.     Fr.     "  Unfolding  Corticium." 


Soft,  resupinate,  submarginate,  floccose  with  pallid  down ;  hy- 
menium zoneless,  naked,  smooth,  somewhat  rugose,  brown,  be- 
coming pale,  cracked  when  dry. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  557.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  1029.  Schniiz.  Stum.t.  7.  Fr.  Ohs.  i.  t.  4,/.  5.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  840, 

/.I. 

On  dead  cherry.     Jan.     King's  Cliffe. 

[Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Sect.  2.  Himantia. 
922.         Gozticium  giganteum.     Fr.     "  Large  Corticium." 

Broadly  effused,  swelling  when  moist,  waxy,  hyaline,  white, 
cartilaginous  or  papery  when  dry,  free,  milk-white  ;  circumfer- 
ence strigoso-radiate  ;  hymenium  even,  continuous. — Fr.  Epicr. 


AURICTJLARIXI.  321 

p.  560.     Moiig.  exs.  no.  11^.     Desm.  exs.  no.  417.      Thelephora 
gigantea,  Eng.  Fl,  Y.p.  170. 

On  pine  stems.     Common,  [United  States.] 

Circumference  very  broad  and  almost  byssoid,  with  here  and  there  a  ten- 
dency to  become  strigoso-radiate. 

923.  Corticium  lacteum.     Fr,     "  Milk-white  Corticium." 

Effused,  merabranaceons,  milk  white  beneath,  and  circnmfer- 
ence  loosely  fibrillose ;  hymenium  waxy,  darker,  cracked  when 
dry. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  560.  Rahh.  F.E.  no.  1212.  Berh.  exs.  no.  250. 
Thel.  lactea,  Ann.  N.H. no.  SI. 

On  trunks. 

Easily  known  by  its  smooth,  white  hymenium,  covering  a  stratum  consist- 
ing of  thick  fibrillse. — M.  J.  B. 

924.  Corticium  arachnoideum.    Berk.     "  Web-like  Corticium." 

Effused,  delicately  byssoid,  as  also  the  circnniference ;  hyme- 
nium white,  very  thin,  patchy, — Berk.  Outl.p.  273.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
287.^.  9./.  3. 

In  woods.  [United  States.] 

Eunning  over  lichens,  &c.,  the  mycelium  as  delicate  as  a  spider's  web. 

Forming  delicate,  effused,  arachnoid  patches  of  a  snowy  white;  threads 
by  no  means  forming  fibres,  but  spreading  like  a  delicate  web,  and  often 
remaining  barren,  but  under  favourable  circumstances  giving  rise  to  a 
smooth,  even  hymenium,  consisting  of  elliptic  sporophores  arranged  in  little 
bunches. — M.  J.  B. 

925.  Corticium  laeve.     Fr.     "  Even  Corticium." 

Effused,  membranaceous,  seceding,  villoso-fibrillose  beneath  ; 
circumference  byssoid,  not  radiating ;  hymenium  even,  smooth, 
flesh-coloured  and  livid. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  560.  Puihli.  F.E.  no.  120. 
BerJ:.  exs.  no.  2-46.  Letell.  t.  630./.  1.  Thel.  Icevis,  Ann.  N.H.  no.80. 

On  decayed  wood,  sticks,  &c.    Common.     [United  States.] 

This  is  the  commonest  of  all  the  species,  and  assumes  a  variety  of  forms. 
Sometimes  it  remains  closely  attached,  sometimes  the  margin  is  broadly  re- 
flexed.  The  hymenium  varies  also  in  colour,  being  sometimes  pure  white. 
The  circumference  is  occasionally  almost  naked. — J/. ./.  B. 

926.  Corticium  roseum.     P.     ••  Eosy  Corticium." 

Effused,  adnate,  rosy;  circumference  fringed,  whitish  ;  hyme- 
nium pruinose,  growing  pale,  at  length  much  cracked  and  cor- 
rugated, indurated. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  b^O.  Kl.exs.  rzo.  1516.  The- 
lephora rosea,  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  168. 

On  poplar,  &c.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

p  5 


322  AURICULARINI. 

At  first  forming  small  scattered  patches,  whicli  at  length  become  more  or 
less  confluent,  the  cobweb-liko  fringe  gradually  obsolete.— il/.  J".  ^. 

927.  Corticium  velutinum.      Fr.     "  Velvety  Corticium." 

Effusctl,  adnato,  ficsh- coloured  ;  circumference  with  straight, 
strigose,  diverging  fibres,  of  the  same  colour  ;  hymenium  thick, 
fleshy,  soft,  even,  densely  velvety  with  bristles. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 
561.  Ann.  N.H.  7zo.  288. 

On  logs.  [Carolina,  U.S.] 

A  very  elegant  species,  of  a  pale  pink,  remarkable  for  its  floccose  myce- 
lium, and  the  delicate  frill  with  whicli  the  whole  of  the  hymenium  is  clothed, 
giving  it  a  velvety  appearance.— i/.  /.  B. 

928.  Coiticiunx  sangmneum.     Fr.     "  Blood-red  Corticium." 

Effused,  loosely  adhering,  arachnoid  beneath,  blood-colour ; 
circumference  loosely  fibrillose,  flesh-coloured,  as  well  as  the 
even,  smooth  hymenium. — Fr.Epicr.p.  561.  C.  7niniatum,  Berk, 
exs.  no.  251. 

On  dead  larch.     Eare. 

929.  Coirticiuxn  sulfureum.     Fr.     *'  Sulphury  Corticium." 

Effused,  fibrillose  or  byssoid,  bright  sulphur-coloured;  hyme- 
nium (vihen  perfect)  thick,  waxy,  soft,  somewhat  tawny,  rimose 
when  dry. — Fr.Epicr.p.  561.  Letell.  t. 630.  /.  4.  Thelephora  sul- 
phiu^ea,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  169. 

On  fallen  sticks.  [Mid.  and  Up.  Carolina.] 

At  first  consisting  of  loose,  distinct,  byssoid  fibres,  in  which  state  it  fre- 
quently remains  without  producing  a  true  hymenium,  next  forming  a  thin, 
resupinate,  silky,  subpulverulent  stratum,  with  a  beautiful  byssoid  margin, 
at  length  furnished  with  a  true  hymenium,  and  beset  with  minute  white 
bristles.  The  loose  fibrillse  of  a  beautiful  saffron  yellow,  the  more  advanced 
stage  paler,  with  a  yellowish  or  cinereous  tinge  in  the  centre,  the  byssoid 
margin  nearly  white.-  Eng.  Fl. 

930.  Corticium  coezuleuxn.     Fr,     "  Blue  Corticium." 

Roundish,  then  effused,  adnate,  at  first  tomentose,  bright  blue; 
circumference  byssoid,  of  the  same  colour  or  w^hitish;  hyme- 
nium waxy,  soft,  papillose  or  setulose,  becoming  smooth. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  562.  Letell.  t.  630./.  2.  Sow.  t.  350.  Coolce,  exs.  no.  221. 
Roth.  Cat.  ii.  t.  9./.  2.  Desm.  exs.  no.  396.  Thelepliqra  coerulea, 
En(/.FI.Y.16S.  Eabh.F.E.no.lOOo. 

On  rails,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

At  first  byssoid,  but  when  fully  developed  forming  a  close  membrane,  fol- 
lowing the  undulations  of  the  wood  on  which  it  grows,  of  a  beautiful  daik 
satiny  blue,  the  margin  whitish.— i/.  /.  B.     Said  to  be  phosphorescent. 


AUEICTJLAEINI.  323 

931.  Coiticium  atrovirens.     Fr.    "  Black-green  Cort'cmm." 

Irregularly  effased,  black-green,  beneath   and  circumference 
tomentose,  of  the  same  colour;  hj'menium(?). — Fr.Epicr.  p.h'o^. 
On  sticks  in  woods.     Rare.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Mr.  Berkeley  states  that,  like  Fries,  he  has  never  found  this  species  with  a 
perfect  hymenium. 

932.  Corticium  lactescens.    Berk.     '-'Juicy  Corticium." 

Agglutinate,  soft,  waxjs^  undulated,  flesh  coloured,  milky ; 
margin  shortly  byssoid,  at  length  cracked,  interstices  silky ; 
hymenium  flesh  coloured,  or  pale  salmon  colour. — Berk.  Outl.p. 
274.  Thelepliora  lactescens,  Eng.FL  v.  j).  169.  Ann.  N.H.no. 
153.  Berk,  exs.no.  21. 

On  decayed  wood  of  willows,  &c. 

Thin,  spreading  for  a  considerable  distance  over  the  bark,  and  following 
all  its  inequalities,  with  a  scarcely  byssoid  border,  inner  substance  variegated 
with  bands  of  different  shades  running  parallel  with  the  surface.  When 
broken  it  gives  out  a  milky  juice  which  in  taste  and  smell  resembles  exactly 
that  of  Lactariiis  quietus.— JJt.  J.  B. 

Sect.  3.     Leiostroma. 

933.  Corticium  calceum.     Fr.     '•  Chalky  Corticium." 

Effused,  agglutinate,  waxy,  quite  smooth,  white,  circumference 
similar,  hymenium  even,  smooth,  cracked  when  dry. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  562.   ThelepTiora  calcea,  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  170.    Kl.  exs.  no.  325. 

On  pine  wood.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Unequal  in  thickness,  effused,  hard,  extending  over  several  inches;  hyme- 
nium white,  discoloured  in  age,  much  cracked,  papillose,  sometimes  quite 
plane  and  smooth. — Grev. 

934.  Cozticium  lividuxn.     P.     -  Livid  Corticium.'' 

Effused,  agglutinate,  waxy,  soft,  smooth,  changing  colour, 
circumference  similar,  hymenium  even,  naked,  rather  viscid, 
cracked  when  dry. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  563.  Berk.  Outl.p.  21  o.  Thele- 
phora  livida,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  171. 

On  wood.    Appin. 

In  the  same  individuals  the  colour  will  be  livid-blue  and  purplish-brown. 

935.  Corticium  ochraceuxn.    Fr.     "Ochraceous  Corticium." 

Effused,  agglutinate,  waxy,  soft,  at  length  smooth,  circum- 
ference white,  somewhat  radiating,  evanescent ;  hymenium  pallid, 


324  ATIEICULARINI. 

then  ocliraceous,  sprinkled  with  gold-coloured,  micaceous  atoms, 
at  length  naked,  tuberculosa  or  papillose. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  563. 
Berk.  Outl.p.  '21  o.  ThelepJwra  ocliracea,  Eng.  Fl,  v.  p.  170. 

On  pine  wood.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Covering  a  larg(^  surface,  being  often  a  foot  or  more  broad,  mostly  resu- 
pinate,  but  sometimes  slightly  reflexed  or  rather  detached  at  the  margin, 
adhering  close  to  the  wood;  margin  entire  in  old  plants,  villous  when  young; 
hymenium  smooth  ochraceous,  sometimes  with  a  faint  purplish  tinge,  papillse 
rather  large,  irregular,  and  spurious,  being  produced  by  the  asperities  of  the 
wood.— 6rrey. 

936.  Corticium  queircinum.     P.     "  Oak  Corticium." 

Membranaceous,  waxy,  at  first  agglutinate,  indeterminate, 
then  fixed  at  the  centre;  border  free  and  involute,  blackish  and 
smooth  beneath  ;  hymenium  continuous,  flesh-coloured. — Fr. 
Fpicr.  p.  66d.  Nees.f.  253.  Gard.  Chiton.  {lS()0),p.  4:81, fig. 
Grev.t.l4:2.  Bull.  t.  ASQ,  f.  1.  Cooke,  exs.no.  222.  Thelephora 
quercina,  Fng.  Fl.y. p.  167.  Rahh.  F.E.  no.  1211. 

On  oak  branches.     Common.       [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Roundish,  resupinate,  the  margin  reflexed  all  round  and  involute  ;  pileus 
smooth,  black  ;  hymenium  flesh  coloured,  generally  cracked,  more  or  less 
tuberculated  and  wrinkled. — M.  J.  B. 

937.  Coxticium  cineireum.     Fr.     "  Cinereous  Corticium." 

Waxy,  at  length  rigid,  confluent,  agglutinate,  lurid ;  hymenium 
cinereous,  with  a  very  delicate  bloom. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  563.  Desm. 
exs.  no.  119,  666.  Moug.  exs.  no.  681.  Berk.  exs.  no.  63,  64.  Rahh. 
F.E.  no.  20.   Thelephora  cinerea,  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  172. 

On  dead  wood,  sticks,  &c.      Common.     [United  States.] 

The  principal  distinctive  mark  of  this  species  is  its  dingy  colour,  which 
varies  from  brown  to  cinereous,  or  almost  black. — M:  J.  B. 

938.  Coirticiuni  incairnatuni.     Fr.     "Bright-coloured 

Corticium." 

"Waxy,  becoming  rigid,  confluent,  agglutinate,  circumference 
radiating ;  hymenium  persistently  bright  coloured  (red  or  orange), 
covered  with  a  delicate  flesh-coloured  bloom. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  564. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  2035,/.  2.  Berk.  Outl.p.  275.  Thelephora  incarnata, 
Eng.Fl.  Y.p.lll. 

On  timber,  rails,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Extremely  variable,  forming  a  thin,  variously,  but  brightly  coloured 
stratum. 


AUEICrLAEIXI.  325 

939.  Corticium  nudum.     Fr.     '•  Xaked  Corticmm." 

TVaxY,  becoming  rigid,  agglutinate,  flesh-coloured,  growing 
pallid;  circumference  determinate,  smooth;  hymenium  covered 
with  a  fugacious,  whitish  bloom. — Fr.  Epkr.p.  5G-4.  Ann.X.H. 
no.  715.   Thelepliora  nuda,  Eng.  Fl.  v.  /;.  172. 

On  twigs  in  woods. 

DistingTiislied  from  the  last  by  its  dull  colour  wlien  dry.  On  the  same 
branch  individuals  occur  very  thin,  quite  smooth,  and  effused,  vrhile  others 
are  thicker,  more  cinereous,  and  tuberculats.  Spores  oblong,  slightly  curved, 
•0005 in.  long,  -00015  in.  broad.— ^.  d;  Br. 

940.  Corticium  confiuens.     Fr.    *•  Contiuent  Corticium." 

Membranaceous,  waxy,  agglutinate  ;  circumference  radiating ; 
hymenium  naked,  hyaline,  then  brightly  coloured,  somewhat 
shining. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  56-1.  Ann.  S.H.  no.  716. 

On  ash  twigs,  &c. 

Distinguished  from  C.  nvduni  more  especially  by  its  white,  tomentose 
margin.  Spores  oblong,  'OOOS  in.  long,  "OO'Ji  in.  broad.  The  more  perfect 
specimens  have  a  few  scattered  papillae.— ^.tL*5r. 

941.  Corticium  polygonium.     P.     '•  Patchy  Corticium." 

Determinate,  adnate,  soon  grumoso-cartilaginous,  hard,  flesh- 
coloured  ;  circumference  similar ;  hymenium  continuous,  red, 
pminose. —  Fr.Epicr.p.h^A.  Berk.  Outl.p.27G. 

On  poplar  branches.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Growing  in  little  round  detached  patches  from  the  ostiola  of  Sjihcerice. 

942.  Corticium  comedens.     Fr,     "  Erumpent  Corticium." 

Effused,  exposed  by  the  splitting  of  the  epidennis  of  the 
matrix,  thin,  innate,  flesh-coloured,  then  pallid  ;  hymenium 
eyen,smooth. — Fr.Epicr.p.oQo.  Nees,f.2D6.  Berk.  Outl.p.'IlQ. 
Berk.  exs.  no.  22.   Thelephora  comedens^  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  171. 

On  branches.     Common. 

Distinguished  at  once  by  its  peculiar  mode  of  growth.  It  originates 
beneath  the  bark,  which  peels  off  and  leaves  it  naked,  forming  a  margin 
round  it.— J/. ./.  B, 

943.  Corticium  Sam.buci.     P.     ''  Elder  Corticium." 

Effused,  subinnate,  yariously  incrusting,  white,  continuous 
when  growing,  when  dry  cracked  or  flocculose  and  collapsing. — 


326 


ATJEICULARINI. 


Fr.  Epicr.  p.  565.  Grev.  t.  242.  Mouf).  exs.  no.  77 d.    Desm.  exs. 
no.  220.   Tlielepliora  Samhuci^  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  170. 

On  elder  stumps.     Common.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Appai-eutly  papillose,  but  the  papillae  arise  from  tlie  inequalities  of  the 
bark  or  wood  on  which  it  grows. 

944.  Corticium  aurora.    B.  <^'  Br.     "  Rosy  Corticium." 

Very  thin,  eifused,  agglutinate,  rose-coloured,  turning  pallid  ; 
circumference  indeterminate. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  276. 
On  dead  leaves  of  Carices.     Batlieaston. 


Gen.  42. 


CYFHELLA,   Fr. 


Submembranaceous,  cup- 
Bbaped,  elongated  behind  and 
frequently  pendulous ;  hyme- 
nium  distinctly  inferior,  com- 
pletely, confluent  with  the  pi- 
leus.  (Fig.  85.J 


Fig.  85. 


945.  Cyphella  griseo-pallida.     Fr.     "  Pale-grey  Cyphella." 

Submembranaceus,  globose,  then  campanulate,  sessile,  pallid, 
grey,  floccose  without;  hymenium  even,  smooth. — Fr.  Epicr. p. 
567.  A7m.  N.H.  no.  289. 

On  dead  Carex  paniculata.     Spye  Park. 

Wliole  plant  one-third  of  a  line  in  diameter,  at  first  granuliforni,  then  re- 
gularly cup-shaped,  with  a  short  stem,  and  attached  by  a  few  radiating,  white, 
strigose,  short  threads,  at  length  dependent,  mostly  entire,  clothed  with  white 
villous  down.  Hymenium  even,  pale  reddish-  grey,  border  slightly  undulated. 
—M.J.B. 

946.  Cyphella  muscigena.     Fr.     "  Whitish  Moss  Cyphella." 
Membranaceous,  soft,  subsessile,  dimidiate,  plane,  white,  silky 


AUEICUXARIXI.  327 

without ;  hymenium  nigulose. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  567.  Pers.  M.E.  t. 
7,/.  6.  Ann.  N.H.no.lll.  Price,  f  Ad. 

On  mosses.     Hanliam,  near  Bristol. 

"White,  with  a  slight  ochraceons  tinge.  Atfirst  flabelliform,  fixed  by  a  little 
down,  at  length  laterally  confluent,  downy  above,  often  spathulate.  Hyme- 
nium  slightly  corrugated. — B.ctBr. 

947.  Cyphella  galeata.    F?:    " Hooded  Cyphella."' 

Membranaceous,  soft,  subsessile,  cup-shaped,  then  dimidiate, 
helmet-shajDed,  even,  whitish ;  margin  cjuite  entire ;  hymenium 
at  length  somewhat  rufous,  rugulose. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  569.  Fl. 
Dan.t.20'21,f.\.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  718.  Cantharellus  Icevis,  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.Ul. 

On  mosses. 

Pileus  2  lines  or  more  broad,  at  first  subglobose,  then  expanded,  minutely 
tomentose,  somewhat  lobed,  very  thin,  dirty-white.  Hymenium  rather  un- 
even.— Eag.  Fl.  Differs  from  C  muscigena  in  its  dingy  hue,  and  bullate  pileus. 
—J/.  J.  B.    Spores  '00038  X  '0003  in. 

948.  Cyphella  ochroleuca.  B.  d:  Br.  "  Whitisb-ocbre  Cyphella.'' 

Membranaceous,  cup-shaped,  villous,  and  whitish  ochre  above  ; 
margin  at  length  split ;  hymenium  even,  pale  ochre,  brighter 
than  the  pileus. — Berh.  Outl.p.  211 .    Ann.  N.H.  no.  719. 

On  decayed  bramble  twigs.     Batheaston. 

One  line  or  more  broad,  at  first  cup-shaped,  but  mostly  irregular,  then 
lobed  or  fissured,  villous  above,  white  tinged  with  yellow.  Hymenium  even, 
ochraceous,  brighter  than  the  pileus.— B.tD^r. 

949.  Cyphella  xnuscicola.    Fr.    "'' Greyish  Moss  Cypbell?." 

Membranaceous,  subsessile,  persistently  cup-shaped,  cinereous, 
pallid-whitish,  fibrilloso-striate  without ;  margin  slightly  downy, 
repand,  torn;  hymenium  even.  —  Fr. Epicr.  p.  568.  Fl.Dan.t. 
2083,/.  2.    Kl.  exs.  no.  824. 

On  mosses.     Apethorpe. 

950.  Cyphella  lacera.     Fr.     **  Torn  Cyphella." 

Membranaceous,  cup-shaped,  pendulous,  then  mnltifid,  torn, 
vertex  extended,  stem-shaped,  striate  above  with  dense  black 
fibrils  ;  hymenium  rugulose,  white. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  568.  A.  ^'  S. 
t.lJ.D.    Bisch.f.S3bl. 

On  dead  twigs,  &c.     Apethorpe.  [Mid. Carolina.] 


328  ATJRICTJLARINI. 

951.  Cyphella  capula.     Fr.     "  Stalked  Cyphella." 

Membranaceous,  obliquely  campanul ate,  extended  into  a  curved 
stem,  smooth,  whitish  ;  margin  irregular,  sinuated ;  hymenium 
even.— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  568.  Holms,  ii.  t.  22.  FL  Dan.  1. 1970,/.  3. 
Cooke  exs.  no.  275. 

On  dead  stems.  [United  States.] 

Looks  very  muck  like  a  Peziza.    It  is  sometimes  yellow. 

952.  Cyphella  Goldbachii.     Fr,     "Villous  Cyphella." 

Membranaceous,  cup-shaped,  urceolato-concave,  sessile,  exter- 
nally villous,  white;  hymenium  even,  pallid. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  569. 
Sturm,  t.  63.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  720. 

On  dead  leaves  of  Aira  ccesjntosa.     Spye  Park,  Wilts. 
Differs  from  C  cuticulosa  in  its  villous  coat. 

953.  Cyphella  Curreyi.     Berk.     "  Currey's  Cypkella." 

Gregarious,  sometimes  slightly   crowded,  peziz^eform,  white, 
externally  villous. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.  Hist.  no.  935. 
On  twigs  of  broom,  furze,  elm,  &c. 

This  resembles  very  closely  Peziza  oJho-violascemt,  but  has  the  true  fruit  of 
a  Cyphella.    It  is  probably  the  incomplete  state  of  some  Peziza. 

954.  Cyphella  fulva.    B.^^Bav.     "  Tawny  Cyphella." 

Membranaceous,  cup-shaped,  the  mouth  more  or  less  directed 
downwards,  tawny,  externally  tomentose.  Spores  ovate,  -0006 
in.  long. — B.  ^'  Rav.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  936. 

On  dead  bark.  [S.  Carolina,  U.  S.] 

The  American  specimens  are  generally  fasciculate. 

955.  Cyphella  cuticulosa.     Fr.     "  Dickson's  Cyphella." 

Membranaceous,  white,  diaphanous,  at  first  oblong,  then  cup- 
shaped,  elongated  into  a  stem,  smooth  externally. — Dicks,  iii.  t. 
9./.  11.  Fr.S.M.u.p.20l.  BerJc.  Outl.p.  27S.  Eng.Fl.Y.p. 
215. 

On  dried  grass  stems.     Oct. — Feb. 
Is ot  found  since  the  time  of  Dickson, 


CLAVAEIEI. 


329 


Gen,  43. 


SOLENZA,   Pers. 


0(b 

o 


Cups  tubular,  cylindrical ;  mouth, 
narrowed,  inferior,  or  turned  down- 
wards. {Fig.  86.) 

This  genus  has  been  placed  amongst  the 
Discomycetes  from  neglect  of  its  mode  of 
fruiting;  the  spores  are  produced  as  in 
Cy^hella-C.E.B. 


Fig.  86. 


956.  Solenia Candida.    Hoffm.     "White  Solenia." 

Scattered,  cylindrical,  smooth,  whitish. — Hoffm.  Dent.Fl.  t.  ^] 
f.  1.  Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1870,  j?.  90.  Bisch.f.  3391.  Kl.  exs.  no. 
922. 

On  rotten  beech.       Jan.     Batheaston.     [Low.  Carolina.] 

957.  Solenia  ochracea.     Hoffm.     "  Ochrey  Solenia." 

Scattered,  clavato-cylindrical,  subtomentose,  ochraceous. — 
Hoffm.  Dent.  Fl.  t.  8.  /.  2.  Sow.  t.  369./.  3.  Br.  Bath.  Trans. 
1870, |>.  90.  Bisch.f.  3392.  Kl.  exs.'ii.  no.  232.  Fckl.  exs.no. 
1144.  Peziza  anomala,  Eng.  Fl.  y.p  .Idd.  Berk.  exs.  no.  260. 
Trichia  faginea,  Johnst.  F.B.ii.j^-  191. 

On  dead  trees.  [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

Spores  subglobose,  '00025  X  '0003  in. 


Order  V.     CLAVAEIEI. 

Hymenium  scarcely  distinct  from  the  hymenophore,  vertical, 
amphigenous,  reaching  to  the  very  apex,  even,  or  at  length 
wrinkled.     Never  incrusting  or  coriaceous.- — Fr.Epicr.p.  570. 


.... 


Fleshy,  frondose,  and  laciniate    . 
Stem  not  distinct  — 

Fleshy,  hymenium  dry 

Gelatinous,  then  horny ;  hymenium  viscid     .     . 
Stem  more  or  less  distinct — 

Flaccid,  stem  thread-like,  hymenium  Avaxy. 

Waxy,  then  horny,  cellular  (sometimes  fibrous) 


Sjparassis. 

Clavaria. 
Calocera. 

TypTtoila. 
Pistillaria. 


330 


CLAVARIEI. 


Gen.  44. 


SFARASSIS,  Fr.  S.M.,  p.  464. 

0 


Fleshy,    fronclose ;    brandies 
laciniate. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  570. 

(Fig.  87.) 

Only  one  British  species,  which 
is  rare. 


Fig.  87. 
958.  Sparassis  czispa.     Fr.     "  Crisped  Sparassis." 

Very  much  branched,  fragile,  whitish ;  branches  intricate ; 
tips  recurved,  not  zoned,  serrate. — Fr.  Ejn'cr. 2^- o70.  Berh.In- 
tell.  Ohs.  no.  25.  1. 1.  Lenz.f.  56.  Jacq.  Misc.  ii.  1. 14./.  1.  Schceff. 
L  163.  Hogg.  ^*  Johnst.  t.  24.  Ann.  N.H.  1866.  1139*.  Bail. 
t.27  Kl.exs.no.  617. 

Amongst  heath.     Sept.    South-east  Berkshire.     Didlington, 

near  Brandon.     Esculent.  [Up.  Carolina.] 

Pale  ruddy  yellow,  forming  a  rounded  mass  attaining  a  diameter  of  18  in. 
The  laminae  rounded  and  leaf- like,  though  curled  and  folded,  and  variously 
lobed  and  laciniate,  with  a  crest-like  margin,  and  springing  from  a  well- 
marked,  thick,  rooting  stem,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  sunk  in  the  soil. 
Hymenium  more  or  less  uneven,  and  rather  wrinkled  or  rough,  with  wart- 
like elevations.  In  decay  the  margin  becomes  soft,  acquiring  first  a  yellow,  then 
a  brownish  tinge,  and  finally  the  whole  forms  a  loathsome  mass.— 3/.  /.  B. 

Gen.  ^5.  CLAVARZA,   L. 


Mi 


Fleshy,  branched,  or 
simple,  without  any  stem 
of  a  distinct  substance. 
Hymenium  dry.  —  BerTc. 
Outl.  p.  278.     (Fig.SS.) 


Tier.  88. 


CLAVAEIEI.  331 

Sect  1.    Bamaria — branched. 

A.  LeucosporcB — white  spored. 

959.  Clavaria  botrytis.    P.     "  Eed-tipped  Clavaria." 

Fragile,  trunk  thick,  fleshy,  unequal,  very  much  branched ; 
branches  swollen,  unequal,  sub-rugose,  tips  red. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.  571.  FL  Dan.  1. 1303.  Kromhli.  t.  53./.  1-3.  Schaff.  1. 176. 
Ann.N.H.  no.721.  Bisch.  f.33d0.  BadhA.  t.  16./ 2.  ii.  t.  5./ 3. 
Price, f.  76.  Barla.  t.  40./.  1-3.  Harz.  t.  67.   Corda.Ic.  y.f.  75. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Inverarj.     Bowood.    [United  States.] 

960.  Clavaria  amethystina.     Bull.     "  Amethyst  Clavaria." 

Fragile,  very  much  branched,  violet  ;  branches  round,  even, 
obtuse. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  571.  Bidl.  t.  496.  /  2.  Holm.  i.  p.  110. 
Nees.f.  151.  Schceff.  1. 172.  Cooke,  B.  F.  1. 17.  /  2.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p. 
174.  Vent.  S.M.f.  113. 

In  mossy  places.     Rare.     Esculent. 

Yery  variable  in  size.  Sometimes  3  in.  or  more  higli,  and  very  much 
branched,  sometimes  a  few  Hnes  and  nearly  simple. — M.J.B. 

961.  Clavaxia  fastigiata.     B.C.     "  Fastigiate  Clavaria." 

Tough,  cjespitose,  yellow,  slender-stemmed,  very  much 
branched  ;  branches  short,  divaricate ;  branchlets  fastigiate. — 
Fr.  Epicr. p.  571.  BulL  t.  358./.  D.  F.  Holms,  i.p.  90.  with  fig. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  836,/  2.  Pers.  Com.  t.  4./  5.  VaiU.  t.  8./  4.  Ray. 
Syn.  t.  24./  5.    Clav.  pratensis,  Eng.  Fl.  y.j).  174. 

In  pastures.     Common.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Sometimes  the  apices  are  yellow  and  at  others  brown.  Slightly  fragrant. 
Spores  not  truly  white,  pale  buff,  irregular  ;  diameter  '00027  in. 

962.  Clavaria  muscoides.     Z.     •' Forked  Yellow  Clavaria." 

Rather  tough,  graceful,  yellow,  slender-stemmed,  twice  or 
thrice  forked  ;  branchlets  lunate,  acute. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  oil.  Fl. 
Dan.  ^  775./  3.  Holm.  i.p.  87.  with  fig.  Schceff.  1. 173.  Kromhh. 
f.53./.22,23.  Kl.exs.no. 11-23.  Bull.t.idQ.fi.O.Q.  Clav.  cor- 
niculata,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  174. 

In  pastures.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Taller  than  the  last,  solitary,  less  branched,  dry,  very  smooth,  except  the 
base,  which  is  tomentose^  bright  yellow,  resembling  somewhat  the  yolk  of  an 
egg ;  branchlets  elongated^  attenuated,  subcompressed,  acute,  or  obtuse. — 
i:nci.  FL 


332  CLAVAEIEI. 

963.  Clavaria  coxalloides.     L.    "  Wliite  coral  Clavaria." 

Rather  fragile,  white,  hollow  within  ;  stem  slightly  thick- 
ened, repeatedly  and  irregularly  branched ;  branchlets  unequal, 
dilated  upwards,  very  numerous,  crowded,  acute. — Fr.  Epicr. 
p.b72.  Holms.i.  p.  llo.  ivith  Jig.  Soiv.t. 278.  Batt.  t.i.A.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  173.  Krombh.  t.  53.  /.  4.  Fcoq.  t.  i.f.  1. 

In  woods. 

964.  Clavairia  umbxina.     Bc7'7i.     "  Umber  Clavaria." 

Pale  umber,  slightly  branched ;  branches  and  branchlets  cy- 
lindrical, ohtuse,  forked. — Be?^k.  Outl.p.  279.  1. 18./.  4. 

On  mossy  lawns.     Coed  Coch. 

The  habit  is  that  of  Cfastigiata.    It  has  not,  however,  the  slightest  tinge 
of  yellow. 

965.  Clavaria  cinerea.    Bull.     "  Cinereous  Clavaria." 

Fragile,  stuffed,  cinereous ;  stem  thick,  short,  very  much 
branched;  branches  and  branchlets  thickened,  irregular,  some- 
what wrinkled,  rather  obtuse. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  572.  Bull.  t.  354. 
Grev.  t.  64.  Letell.  t.  708./.  1.  Badh.  i.  1. 16.  f.  5.  ii.  t.  5./.  5. 
Cookey  B.  F.  1. 17.  f.  1.  CooJce  exs.  no.  227.  C.  coralloides  i3,  cine- 
rea,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  173. 

In  woods.     Sept. 

This  appears  to  be  a  local  species,  very  common  in  some  places,  and  in 
others  never  to  be  found. 

966.  Clavaria  czistata.    Rolm^h.     "  Crested  Clavaria." 

Tough,  even,  stuffed,  white  or  dingy ;  branches  dilated  above, 
acute,  incised,  cristate. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  hi  2.  Holm.p.9)2.  with  fig. 
Fl.Dan.t.im^.f.2.  Grev.t.ldO.  Krombh.  t.  53./. 13.  Pers. 
Com.  t.4:.f.3.  var.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  174:.  Bisch.f.  34^9.  Schnitz. 
Sturm,  t.ll. 

In  woods.  [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Distinguished  by  its  dilated,  more  or  less  crested,  or  fimbriated  apices. — 
M.  J.  B.  Spores  oval,  not  truly  white,  with  a  suggestion  of  ochre,  "0002  X 
•00027  in. 

967.  Clavaria  rugosa.    Bull.    "  "Wrinkled  Clavaria." 

Tough,  simple,  or  branched,  thickened  above,  wrinkled,  white 
or  dingy  ;  branches  few,  irregular,  obtuse. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  572. 
Bull.  t.U8.f.2.    Fl.  Dan.  1. 1301.    Babh.  F.  E. no. 12d.  Bolt. 


CLAYAEIEI.  333 

e.  115.  Sow.t.21^.  Grev.t.32S.  KromhJi.  t.Di.f.lS-17.  Schcef. 
t.  291.  var.  Cooke,  B.F.  t.  17.  f.  3.  Berk.  OutL  t.  18./.  3.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.llh.  Badh.  i.  t.  15./.  4.  ii.  t.  5./  6.  Coohe  exs.no.  228. 
Smith.  E.  M.f.  7.  G^arcZ.  Chron.  (1860)  ^;.  217.  /^.  ^er/j.  ^xs.  no. 
149. 

In  woods.     Common.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Generally  simple,  but  occasionally  furnislied  witli  a  few  short  branclilets, 
wliich  are  incrassatedj  longitudinally  rugose,  and  very  obtuse.— J/.  /.  B. 

968.  Clavaria  Kunzei.     Fr.     "  Kunze's  Clavaria." 

Rather  fragile,  very  much  branched  from  the  slender  ceespi- 
tose  base,  white  ;  branches  elongated,  crowded,  repeatedly- 
forked,  sub-fastigiate,  even,  equal  ;  axils  compressed. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.  573.  Bull.  t.  358./.  1.  C. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Sherwood  Forest. 

B.   Ochrosporce — spores  yellowish  or  coloured. 

969.  Clavaria  auxea.     Schceff.     "  Golden  Clavaria." 

Trunk  thick,  elastic,  pallid,  divided  into  stout  branches  ; 
branches  straight,  dichotomous,  round,  obtuse,  numerous,  some- 
what toothed,  vellow. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  574.  Schcpff.  t.  287 .  Bull, 
t.  222.  Ann.X.H.no.722.  Vent.  S. M.f.  112.  KromMi.t.'oS.f.  8. 

In  woods.     Rare.     Bristol.  [United  States.] 

970.  Clavaria  forxnosa.     Pers.     "  Beautiful  Clavaria." 

Trunk   thick,    elastic,    whitish,    much    branched ;     branches 

elongated,  orange-red  ;  branclilets  obtuse,  yellowish. — B.  ^'  Br. 

Ann.  N.  H.  {18^b)  no.  imi.  Pers.Ic.  ^' Desc.t.^.f.  6.  Krombh. 

t.  53./.  37.  t.  54./.  21,  22.     Holms,  i.  no.  13.   with  fig.    Batsch. 

f.  48.  Harz.  t.  7./  6.  Barla.  t.  40./.  4.   Cooke  exs.  no.  230. 

In  woods,  &c.     Bathford  Down.  [United  States.] 

Spores  buff,  broadly  fusiform,  granulated,  fleshy,  brittle,  cuts  like  Fistu- 
lina.  Spores  very  large  and  handsome,  elongated,  oval,  covered  with  pa- 
pillae, -0006  X  -0003  in. 

971.  Clavaria  abietina.     Schum,    "  Fir-wood  Clavaria." 

Very  much  branched,  ochraceous,  trunk  somewhat  thickened, 
clothed  with  white  down  ;  branches  straight,  crowded,  longi- 
tudinally wrinkled   when  dry  ;  branchlets  straight. — Fr,  Epicr. 


334  CLAVAEIEI. 

p.ol-i.     Grev.t.  117.    Fl.  Dan.  t.  2030.  f.  2.    Eng.  FL  y.  p,  17 4:. 

Gard.  Chron.  (1860)^.871./^. 

In  fir  "woods.     Common.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Easil}'  known  by  its  changing  to  green  when  bruised.     Spores  ochraceous. 
—Enr/.  FL     Spores  oval,  greenish-yellow,  '00023  X  'OuOlo  in.    {Fi^.SS.) 

972.  Clavaria  flaccida.     Fr.     "  Flaccid  Clavaria." 

Slender,  very  mucli  branched,  flaccid,  ochraceous;  trunk 
thin,  smooth  ;  branches  crowded,  unequal,  converging,  acute. — 
Fr,  Epicr.  p.hl'l.  Kl.exs.  no.  122.  Ann.  N. 11.  no.lbL 

Amongst  moss  in  -woods.     King's  Cliffe. 

Similar  to  C  aUetina,  but  more  delicate. 

973.  Clavaria  crocea.    P.     '■  Saffron -yellow  Clavaria." 

Minute,  slender,  saffron-yellow;  trunk  naked,  pallid; 
branches  crowded,  somewhat  forked,  as  well  as  the  similar 
branchlets. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  bib.  Pers.  Ic.  4'  Desc.  1. 11.  f.  6.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  367. 

On  the  ground.     Eare. 

974.  Clavaria  grisea.     P.     "  Grey  Clavaria." 

Firm  ;  trunk  thick,  whitish  ;  branches  attenuated,  somewhat 
■wrinkled,  obtuse,  dingy-cinereous  ;  branchlets  unequal,  obtuse, 
of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  bib.  Berk.  exs.  no.  150. 
Kromhh.  t.  53./.  9-10.  Eng.  FL  x.p.  173.  Barla.  t.  4:1.  f.  1-2. 

In  woods.     Kare.     Appin.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Known  by  its  brownish  spores. 

975.  Clavaria  stricta.     P.     "  Straight  Clavaria." 

Very  much  branched,  pallid,  brownish  when  braised  ;  stem 
somewhat  thickened ,  branches  and  branchlets  straight,  even, 
adpressed,  acute. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  bib.  Pers.  Co?n.  t.4:.f.l.  Fl. 
Dan.  1. 1302./.  1.  Eng.  FL  v.  p.  174.  KL  exs.  no.  1124. 

In  gardens.     Eare.     Kew.  [United  States.] 

Stem  rather  slender,  ascending,  furnished  at  the  base  with  rooting 
fibrillse,  firm,  above  3  lines  thick.  Branches  divided  in  an  arcuate  manner, 
then  converging,  opaque,  generally  pale  yellow,  brownish  when  bruised. 
Spores  cinnamon.— J'm^.  Fragrant.  Spores  creamy-yellow,  •GOOl5X"00024in. 

976.  Clavaria  crispula.    Fr.     " Flexuous  Clavaria." 

Yery  much  branched,  tan-coloured,  then  ochraceous ;  trunk 


CLAVAEIEI.  335 

slender,  rillous,  rooting  ;  branches  flexuose,  multifid ;  branchlets 
of  the  same  colour,  divaricating. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  57G.  Bull.  t.  358. 
/.  1.  a,  h.  Ehr.  Nat.  Cur.  x.  1 14.    Ann.  X.  H.  no.  12Z.  Fl.Dan. 
t.2212.f.l.  Bisch.f.3i72. 

At  the  base  of  trees.     Eare.     "Woodnewton. 

Spores  creamy -yellow,  '00012  X  '00021  in. 

Sect.  2.  Syncoryne — simple,  fasciculate  at  the  base,  c^espitose. 

977.  Clavaria  purpurea.     Millh     '•  Purple  Clavaria." 

C^espitose,  purple;  clubs  elongated,  hollow,  then  compressed, 
simple,  acute. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  576.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  SoT.f.  2.  Ann. 
N.  H.no.  3G8.    Berk.  Outl.p.  281.    C.  rufa^  Ann.  N.H.  no.  155. 

Am.ongst  grass  in  pastures. 

Usually  of  a  diBgy  purple. 

978.  Clavaria  rosea.     Fr.     '•'  Eosy  C]avaria." 

Subfasciculate,  fragile,  roseate  ;  clubs  stuffed;  tips  at  length 
yellowish,  attenuated  below,  whitish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  oil .  Sv. 
Bot.t.bbS.  Fr.Obs.t.b.  f.2.  Krombh.t.b3.f.  21.  Eng.Fl.Y. 
p.  175. 

In  pastures,  and  amongst  moss.     Eare. 


979.        Clavaria  fusiformis.    Sore.     "  Spindle-shaped  Clavaria." 


/ 


Caespitoso-connate,  rather 
firm,  yellow,  soon  hollow ; 
clubs  somewhat  fusiform,  sim- 
ple, and  toothed,  even ;  base 
attenuated,  of  the  same  colour. 
— Fr.  Epicr.  p.  oil.  Son:,  t. 
224.  Bolt.  1. 110.  Eng.Fl.Y. 
J),  lib.  (Fig.  89.) 

In  woods.     Common. 

[United  States.] 

Yellow,  smooth,  about  3  in.  high, 
many  individuals  collected  into  a 
fasciculatetuft,  nearly  erect,  rather 
brittle,  attenuated  at  either  end; 
apex  darker. — F)^. 


(Fig.    9.) 


336  CLAVAEIEI. 

980.  Clavazia  ceranoides.    Pers.     "  Brown-tipped  Clavaria." 

Fasciculate,  unequal,  slightly  divided  above,  yellow ;  apex 
brown. — Pers.  Syn.  p.b'^i:.    Sow.  t.2?>h.  Eng.  Fl.y. p.  176. 

In  woods.     Nov.     Bagley  Wood.     Oxon. 

Resembles  in  form  some  states  of  C.  ruyosa,  but  it  appears  to  be  very 
distinct. — ■Eny.  Fl. 

981.  Clavairia  inaequalis.    Mull.     "  Unequal  Clavaria." 

Gregarious,  subfasciculate,  fragile,  stuffed,  yellow  ;  clubs 
various,  simple,  or  forked,  contiguous  below  and  of  the  same 
colour.— i^r.  Ejncr.  p.  hll .  Fl.  Dan.  t.873.  (836  ?)/.  1.  Pull, 
t.  264.    Sow.  t.  253.  lower  Jigs.    Huss.  i.  1. 18.    Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  176. 

.  In  woods  amongst  grass.     Common.       [United  States.] 

Somewbat  tufted  or  gregarious,  1-3  in.  bigb,  of  various  sizes  and  forms, 
fragile,  compressed,  angular  or  channelled,  often  bifid,  and  variously  cut 
and  jagged  at  the  apex,  more  or  less  ventricose  in  the  centre,  smooth,  and 
mostly  yellow,  though  occasionally  wliitish. —  Grev.  Spores  white,  '00047  X 
•00021  in. 

982.  Clavaria  azgillacea.    -Fn     "  CI  ay- coloured  Clavaria." 

Fasciculate,  fragile,  pallid  clay  colour ;  clubs  simple,  various ; 

stem   yellow,    shining. — Fr.  Epicr.  p).hll.    Fr.  Obs.  t.  5. /.  3. 

Schn.  1. 15.     Fl.  Dan.  1. 1852.  /.  2.  1. 1966./.  2.     Pers.  Com.  1. 1. 

/.  4.    Kl.  exs.  no.  1218.    Ann.  N.  H.  no.  370.     Harz.  t.  7.  /  a.   C. 

jlavipes.,  Ann.  N .  H.  no.  83. 

In  beatby  ground.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

There  is  a  variety  with  a  white  stem.  The  plant,  moreover,  is  either  di- 
lated or  cylindrical.  The  stem  in  this  species  is  more  distinct  from  the  pileus 
than  is  consistent  with  the  generic  character. — M.J.B. 

983.  Clavaria  tenuipes.  B,  ^^  Br.  "  Slender  stemmed  Clavaria.  ' 

Small,  gregarious,  club  inflated,  wrinkled, 
jDallid  clay-colour ;  stem  slender,  flexuose, 
somewhat  distinct  f]"om  the  club. — B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.no.SGd.  Ser.  ii.  vol.  ii.  t.9.f.2. 

On  bare,  heathy  ground.  Nov.  Sher- 
wood Forest.  (Fig.  90.) 

Not  exceeding  an  inch  in  height.    Head   swollen, 
obovate,   rugose,    pale    clay-coloured,    about  |    in. 
(Fig.  90.)  high,  rarely  confluent  with  the  stem,  which  is  quite 

smooth,  flexuous,  and  very  slender. — M.  J.  B. 


CLAVAEIEI.  337 

984.  Clavaiia  vexmiculata.     Scop-     "  White-tufted  Clavaria." 

Cgespitose,  fragile,  white ;  chibs  stuffed,  simple,  cylindrical, 
subulate. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  oil .  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1966./.  1. 1. 11  d.  f.  2. 
Mich.t.d>l.J.l2.  Cooke,B.F.t.ll.f.4:.  Fng.FLp.llG.  Smith. 
E.  M.j.  4. 

Ou  lawns  and  short  pastures.  Common.      [Mid.  Carolina,] 
*'  Looks  like  a  little  bundle  of  candles."  * 

985.  Clavaria  fragilis.     Holmsk.     "  Brittle  Clavaria." 

Fasciculate,  very  fragile;  clubs  hollow,  rather  obtuse,  va- 
riable, attenuated  below  and  white. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  518.  Holms, 
i.p.  1.  ivithjig.  Bull.  t.  463./.  1.  Soiu.  t.  90.  232.  Mich.  t.  87. 
/.  5. 10. 13.  Vaill.t.l.f.h.  Fl.Dan.t.ll6.f.2.t.llS3.  Bolt. 
^.111.  Eng.Fl.Y.j^'ilQ.  Barla.t. 4:1. f.l4:-16.  Cooke  exs. 
no.  309. 

In  meadows,  gardens,  &c.  [United  States.] 

Extremely  brittle,  occasionally  yellow.  Gregarioas,  subcaespitose ,  1-3  in. 
high,  sometimes  forked,  stuffed  when  young,  round,  straight,  at  length 
hollow,  compressed,  twisted,  often  rugose,  attenuated,  paler  below,  without 
a  distinct  stem  ;  apex  at  length  yellowish. — Fries. 

986.  Clavaria  fumosa.     P.     "  Smoky  Clavaria." 

Fasciculate,  fistulose,  fragile,  smoky-coloured ;  clubs  even, 
straight,  subcompressed. — Pei^s.  Comm.p.lQ.  Fr.  Epicr.  p.  678. 
Kromhh.  t.  53,/.  18.  Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1860, 7:*.  91.  Seem.  Joum. 
Bot.  Yu.p.  252. 

In  grassy  places.     Sept.     Somerset,  &c.     [Mid.  Carolina.] 


Sect.  3.     Holocoryne — simple,  distinct  at  the  base. 

987.  Clavaria  pistillaxis.     L.     "Large-clubbed  Clavaria." 

Simple,  large,  stuffed,  fleshy,  everywhere  smooth,  obovate- 
clavate,  obtuse,  yellow,  then  rufous. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  bl8.  Huss. 
i.t.^2.  Bull.t.2U.  Sow. t. 211.  Fl.Dan.t.  1266.  Holms. p. 12, 
with  fig.  Sv.Bot.t.6Q4:,f.l-2.Krombh.t.64:,f.l-ll.  Eng.  Fl. 
Y.p.  175.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  82.  Corda.  Sturm,  t.  58.  Vent.  S.M.  f. 
114,115.    Veat.t.4.1,f.l,'3.    Fl.Boruss.t.  3d6  ?  Bisch.f.  3383. 

In  woods.     Kent.     King's  Cliffe.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Plant  6-12  in.  high,  varying  somewhat  in  form,  dull  orange,  dingy  brown 
in  decay.— J/.  /.  £.    Spores  white,  -OuUiS  X  "00023  in. 

Q 


338  CLAVAEIEI. 

988.  Clavaxia  contorta.     Fr,     "  Contorted  Clavaria." 

Simple,  bursting  through  the  bark,  stuffed,  between  spongy 
and  fleshy,  somewhat  twisted,  rugose,  obtuse,  pruinose,  watery 
yellow. — Fr.Epicr.ii.hl^.  Holms.  2^.  2^,ivitlijig.  Fl.  Dan.t. 
1852,/.  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  291.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1125. 

On  fallen  branches.     Rare.  [Up.  Carolina.] 

The  erumpent  habit  easily  distinguishes  this  curious  species.— J/.  J.B. 

989.  Clavairia  Ardenia.     Sow,     "  Lady  Arden's  Clavaria." 

Simple,  Tery  long,  thickened  upwards,  hollow,  apex  obtuse 
and  excayated,  ferruginous,  then  bright  brown,  base  tomen- 
tose,  not  rooting. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  579.  Sow.  t  215.  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
p.  175. 

On  fallen  branches.     Rare. 

Above  a  span  high,  flexuous  below,  gradually  incrassated  upwards,  smooth, 
opaque,  apex  acute  in  the  young  plant,  then  obtuse  and  bursting. — Fries. 
Sometimes  rooting  amongst  leaves,  and  attaining  a  height  of  9  in.  ;  hollow  j 
the  whole  plant  being  a  thin,  inflated  skin.  Spores  very  large,  white,  oval, 
with  an  apiculus  at  one  end,  "OOje  X  '00035  in. 

990.  Clavaria  juncea.     Fr.     "  Thread-like  Clavaria." 

Gregarious,  slender,  filiform,  flaccid,  nearly  ec|ual,  fistulose, 
acute,  pallid,  then  reddish-brown,  base  creeping  and  fibrillose. 
—Fr.  Epicr.p.  579.  Desm.  exs.  no.  310.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1257.  Mich. 
f.  87,/.  7.  Bvll.t.AG3,f.H.  Ann.  N.H.  710.  b2. 

Amongst  leaves  in  woods. 

991.  Clavaria  acuta.     Sow.    "  Acute  Clavaria." 

Quite  simple,  straight,  white,  clubs  distinct,  acuminate,  pruinose ; 
stem  cylindrical,  equal. — Fr.  Epncr,  p.  580.  Sow.  t.  333.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  177. 

On  soil  in  garden  pots.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Solitary.  Yery  variable  in  size,  from  a  few  lines  to  an  inch  or  more  in 
length. 

992.  Clavaria  uncialis.     Grev.     "  Greville's  Clavaria." 

Quite  simple,  stuffed,  tough,  straight,  obtuse,  smooth,  con- 
tiguous below,  attenuated. — Fr.  Epncr. p.  580.  Grev.  t.  98.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  ni.  Berk.  exs.  no.  297. 

On  dead  stems  of  Umhelliferce. 


CLAVAEIEI. 


339 


Gen.  46. 


CALOCERA,  Fr, 


Gelatinous  ;  sub-cartilaginous 
when  moist,  horay  when  drj  ;  hy- 
meuium  viscid.  {^^9'  91-) 


Fig.  91. 


*  Branclied. 


993. 


Calocera  viscosa.        Fr,     "  Clammy  Calocera." 


Branclied,  tough,  rooting,  eyen,  linear,  egg-yellow,  branches 
straight,  repeatedly  dichotomous. — Fr.Epicr.j)-  581.  Pers.  Com. 
t.  l,f.  5.  Schceff.  t.  174.  Eng.  FL  \.p.  177.  Bail.  t.  27.  Kl.  exs. 
no.  1^1.   Corda.  Icon.  Y.f.  74. 

On  stumps  in  fir  woods.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Generally  csespitose,  1  in.  or  more  high,  root  long,  pale,  branches  round 
or  compressed,  equal,  but  little  divided,  known  by  its  beautiful  srolden  hue. 
^  Fries.     Spores  white.  (Fig.'^l.) 


994. 


**  C^sjjitose. 
Calocera  tuberosa.     Fr.     "  Tuberous  Calocera." 


Ctespitose,  simple,  tough,  eyen, linear,  yellowish;  base  tuberous 
and  rooting. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  581.  Sow.t.  199.  Eng.Fl.x. p.lll . 

On  stumps. 

Not  found  since  the  time  of  Sowerby.  Eoot  a  thick,  strigose,  subglobose 
tuber,  giving  out  two  or  three  simple  linear  subacute  receptacles  from  the 
same  base. — M.  J.  B. 

995.  Calocera  cornea.    Fr.     "  Horny  Calocera." 

C^espitose,  rooting,  eyen,  yiscid,  orange-yellow  ;  clubs  short, 
subulate,  connate  at  the  base. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  581.  Desni.exs.no. 
73.  Batsch.f.161.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1306./.  2.  Sow.t.AO.  Bull.  t.  4.63. 
/.  4.  Eng. Fl.Y. p. 178.  Bisch.f.  33Sb. 

On  stumps,  especially  oak.     Common.      [United  States.] 

Q  2 


340 


CLAVARIEI. 


Springing  from  cracks  ;    when  fresh  soft,   when  dry  hard  and  horny.— 
M.  J.  B. 


996. 


^*^  Simple,  solitary. 
Calocera  stxicta.     Fr.     "  Straic?ht  Calocera." 


Simple,  solitary,  elongated ;  base  blunt,  linear,  yellow,  even 
when  dry. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  581.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  (1865),  no. 
1032.  Scop.  Ann.  iv.  t.  l,f.  50.  A7.  exs.  no.  1121. 

On  ash.     Oct.     Belvoir  Castle. 

Differs  from  C.  cornea  in  its  scattered  mode  of  growth  and  slender  habit. 
Occasionally  two  individuals  grow  from  the  same  spot,  but  they  are  never 
broadly  confluent  at  the  base,  as  in  the  common  species. — M.  J.  B. 

997.  Calocera  striata.     Fr.     "  Striate  Calocera." 

Simple,  solitary,  tough,  lanceolate,  acute,  yellow,  striate  when 
dry. — Fr.  Epicr.  j).  582.  Flopn.  Fl.  ^.t.l/f.  1.  B.  ^ Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  (1866),  no.  1140.  Bisch.f.  3386. 

On  a  prostrate  trunk.     Mar.     Batheaston. 

Very  rare  everywhere.    Spores  "0003  X  "00025  in. 

998.  Calocera  glossoides.    Fr.     "  Soft  Calocera." 

Simple,  solitary,  somewhat  tremellose,  yellow ;  clubs  incras- 
sated,  obtuse,  compressed ;  stem  round. — Fr.  Ejncr.  p.bS'2.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  S71. 

On  decayed  oak  stumps.     Eare.     Leigh  Wood,  Bristol. 

Composed  of  erect  forked  flocci.  Spores  oblong,  oblique,  somewhat  in- 
curved, attached  by  a  short  pedicle.— Z.'.  d:  Br. 


Gen.  47. 


TYFKULA,  Fr. 


Stem  filiform,  flaccid;  club 
cylindrical, perfectly  distinct ; 
hymenium  thin,  waxy. 

{Fig.  92.) 


Fig.  92. 


CLAVAEIEI.  341 

*  With  tubercle  at  the  base, 

999.  Typhula  erythropus.     Fr.     "  Eed-stemmed  Typhula." 

Simple.  Club  cylindrical,  smooth,  white  ;  stem  nearij  straight, 
dark  red,  inclining  to  black. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  585.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 
2030,/.  1.  Desm.  exs.no.  263.  Bolt.  1. 112.  Grev.  t.  43.  Berk.  exs. 
no.  24.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  181.  Schnitz.  Sturm.  1. 12.  Bail.  t.  27. 

On  dead  stems  of  herbaceous  plants.     Common. 

Often  growing  on  some  species  of  Sclerotium  ;   3  lines  1  in.  high  ;   stem 
often  flexuous. — J/.  /.  B.  (Fig.  92.J 

1000.  Typhula  gyrans.     Fr.     "  Xodding  Typhula." 

Simple,  white.  Club  cylindrical,  smooth  ;  stem  pubescent, 
pellucid. — Fr,  S.M.  494.  Epicr.  p.  585.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1290. 
Batsch.f.  164.  Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1870,i>.  92. 

On  straw,  &c.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

1001.  Typhula  "/icarnata.     F,-.     "  Flesh-coloured  T}'phiila." 

SimjDle.  Club  cylindrical,  elongated,  smooth,  flesh-coloured, 
attenuated  into  the  subpilose  continuous  stem. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  585. 
Willd.  Ber.  t.  7,f.  17.  A7.  exs.  no.  1313.  Clavaria  jjhacorrhizaj 
Grev.S.C.El.t.dS. 

On  dead  herbaceous  plants. 

1002.  Typhula  phacozxhiza.     Fr.    "  Eulb-rooted  Typhula." 

Simple  ;  club  cylindrical,  smooth,  pallid;  stemflexuose,  smooth, 
brownish. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  585.  Berk.  exs.  no.  23.  Sow.  t.  233. 
Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  180  (partly). 

On  dead  herbaceous  plants,  &c. 

Attached  to  Sclerotium  complanatum  and  *S^  scutellaium.     Often  hairy  at  the 
base,  drawn  out  and  distorted  from  peculiar  circumstances  of  situation. 

1003.  Typhula  xnuscicola.    Fr.     "  Moss  Typhula." 

Simple,  subfiliform,  smooth,  slightly  incrassated  upwards, 
white  ;  stem  not  distinct. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  585.  Fers.  Obs.  ii.  t.  3. 
J.2.  Nees.f.  164:.  Bisch.f.  3388. 

On  the  larger  mosses. 

Perhaps  more  properly  a  Pistillaria.    Sometimes  not  a  line  high. 


342 


CLAVARIEI. 


**     Without  tubercle  at  the  base. 

1004.  Typhula  Grevillei.     Fr,     "  Gre\-ille's  Tji^hula." 

Simple,  white,  club  incrassated,  obtuse  ;  stem  capillary,  pilose. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p.  585.  Grev.  t.  49.  Bisch.f.  3382.  Sturm,  iii.  3.  t. 
25.   T.  gyrans,  Berk.  exs.  no.  66, 151.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  180. 

On  dead  leaves.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

1005.  Typhula  filiformis.     Fr.     "  Thread-like  Typhula." 

Club  incrassated,  whitish ;  stem  decumbent,  somewhat  branched, 
bright  brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  586.  Bull.  t.  448,/.  1.  Sow.  t.  387, 
/.  4.    Eng.Fl.Y.  p. 181. 

Amongst  dead  leaves. 

Decumbent,  creeping,  free,  subflexuous  brown,  cinereous  brown,  or  brick- 
red.— -E/<^.  Fl. 


1006. 


Typhula  gracilis.     B.S^Besm.     "  Slender  Typhula." 


Club  simple  or  forked,  pallid,  acute;   stem  short,  distinct. — 
Berk.  Outl.p.  285.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  84,  t.  8,/.  1. 

On  putrid  leaves. 

Head  rough  with  spores  and  little  prominent  bristles.  Yery  near  to  J^aj'ia. 
Pallid,  one  line  or  more  high,  simple  or  forked,  ragged  with  the  fruit- 
bearing  cells,  which  are  frosted  with  the  spores,  and  interspersed  sometimes 
with  short  bristles,  of  which  some  of  the  upper  ones  support  a  small  spore  ; 
tips  often  acuminate,  and  then  nearly  barren.  Stem  short,  smooth,  or 
bristly.     Spores  elliptic,    having  a  sparkling  appearance  under  a  lens. — 


FZSTILI.ARIA,  Fr. 


Club  shaped,  waxy,   then  horny. 
Structure  cellular.  {J^^ig-  93.) 


Fig.  93. 


CLAVARIEI.  343 

1007.  Pistillaria  micans.     Fr.     "  Glistening  Pistillaria. " 

Obovate,  obtuse,  rose  coloured  ;  stem  short,  attenuated,  wliitisli. 
— Fr.  Epicr.p,  587.  Kl.  exs.  no.  342.  Hoffin.  Germ.  t.  l^f.  2.  Ehr. 
Ber.  t.  3,/.  2.    Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  181.  Bisch.f.  3138. 

On  dead  thistles.     Rare.     Cambridge.     [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Very  minute,  not  a  line  high. 

1008.  Pistillaria  culznigena.     3font.     "  Grass-stem  Pistillaria." 

Ovato-clavate,  obtuse,  pellucid,  bvaliae ;  stem  distinct,  very 
short. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  587.  Mont.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1836,  no.  lb,t. 
12,  f.  2.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  85.  Berk.  exs.  no.  152. 

On  stalks  of  grass.     Jan. 

1009.  Pistillaria  quisquilaris.     Fr     "  Fern-stem  Pistillaria." 

Incrassated  aboTe,  subcompressed,  whitish,  soft  when  recent, 
attenuated  at  the  base,  substipitate. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  586.  Sow.  t. 
331,/.  1.  Kl.  exs.no.  1312.  Berk.  exs.  no.  25.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  182. 

On  fern  stems.     Common. 

Gregarious,  3-4  lines  liigli,  apes  incrassated,  sometimes  flattened  or  bifid, 
quite  even  and  smooth. -^/'ie5.     Often  attached  to  a /S'c"/e/-o!'('('.//i.       {Fig.  93.) 

1010.  Pistillaria  puberula.     BerTi.     "  Fibrous  Pistillaria." 

Obovate,  ventricose,  white  ;  stem  short,  distinct,  pellucid,  to- 
mentose. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  286.  Sow.  t.  334, /".  2.  F.  ovata,  Fr. 
Epicr. p.  6S7.    Eng.  Fl.Y. p. 181. 

On  dead  Pteris.     Rare.     King's  Cliffe. 

Very  minute,  scarcely  one  line  high  ;  stem  attenuated  upwards,  composed 
of  many  confluent  fibres  ;  receptacle  obovate,  bat  not  broadly  so.— M.J.  B. 

1011.  Pistillaria  pusilla.     Fr.     *' Little  Pistillaria," 

Small,  smooth,  even,  linear,  white  ;  stem  scarcely  distinct. — 
Fr.  Epicr.p.  587.    Pers.  Com.  t.  3,/.  6.   Eng.  Fl.  \.  p.  182. 

On  Equisetum,  &c.     Weymouth. 

SHghtly  thickened  upwards,  not  1  Hne  high,  nodding  when  dry.— J/.  /.  B. 

1012.  Pistillaria  furcata.     Smith,     "  Forked  Pistillaria. " 

Clubs  waxy,  then  tough,  white  or  yellowish,  compressed,  broad 
at  the  apex,  attenuated  downwards,  generally  furcate  and  Cccspi- 
tose. —  W.  G.  Smith,  in  litt. 

In  greenhouses. 

Clubs  I5  in.  high. 


344 


TEEMELLINI. 


Order  VI.     TREMELLINI. 

Whole  plant  gclatmous,  with  the  exception  occasionally  of  the 

nucleus.     Sporophores  large,  simple  or  divided.  Spicules  elon- 
gated into  threads. — Berk.  Outl.p.2^Q. 

Immarginate.     Hymenium  universal Tremella. 

Margined.     Hymenium  superior Exidia, 

Cap-shaped.     Hymenium  wrinkled Hirneola. 

Nucleus  solid.     Hymenium  universal Nmmatelia. 

Homogeneous.     Sporopliores  clavate,  bifurcate    .     .     .  Dacrymyces. 

Inflated.     Hymenium  smooth,  then  collapsed  ....  Apyrenium. 

Effused,  thin,  maculaeform Hymenula. 

Patellseform.     Hymenium  discoid Dltiola. 


Gen.  49. 


TREMELLA,  Fr. 


Gelatinous,  tremulous,  im- 
marginate. Hymenium  not 
papillate,  surrounding  the 
whole  of  the  fungus. — Be7'k. 
OutLp.2S6.         [Fig.U.) 


Fig.  94. 

Sect.  1.     Mesenteriformes. 

1013.  Tremella  fimbriata.     Pers.     "  Fringed  Tremella." 

Csespitose,  erect,  corrugated,  blackish-olive  ;  lobes  flaccid ; 
margin  incised,  undulato-fimbriate. — Fr.  Epicr.  p.  588.  Bull.  t. 
272.  Hoff/n.t.l,/.!.  Eng.  Fl.y.p.21b.  Berk.  Outl. p.2S6. 

On  dead  branches.     Rare. 
Of  a  soft,  gelatinous  consistence,  almost  watery  within. 

1014.  Tremella  frondosa.        Fr.     "  Large  pale  Tremella." 

C^espitose ;  very  large,  even,  pallid-yellow ;  base  j)licate  ; 
lobes  gyroso-undulate. — Fr.  Epicr. p.  588.  Bull,  i.499,/.  T.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  SIO.  Berk.  Outl. p.  2S7. 

At  the  base  of  living  trees.     Rare.     "Wothorpe, 
When  fresh  of  a  peculiar  pale  pinkish-yellow,  often  attaining  a  very  large 


size* 


TKEMELLINI.  345 

1015.  Tremella  foliacea.     P.    "  Foliaceous  Tremella." 

Ceespitose,  flaccid,  even,  diajDlianons,  undulated,  flesli  coloured 
cinnamon;  base  plicate  ;  spores  subelliptic. — Bull.  t.  4:06,  f.  A. 
a.  Berh.  Outl.p.  287.  T.ferruginea^Eng.  Bot.  2nd  Ed.  t.  1452. 
Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  215.    Ann.  N.H.  no.  13. 

On  old  stumps.  [United  States.] 

Very  variable  in  colour,  sometimes  deep  red-brown  and  sometimes  violet. 
*'  Pliable  and  tender,  becoming  thin,  shrivelled  and  shapeless  when  dry,  re- 
viving, though  imperfectly,  on  the  re-applicalion  of  moisture;  segments 
obtuse,  lobed,  and  waved  ;  surface  finely  pubescent  or  granulated  ;  the  gran- 
ulations pale,  giving  the  plant  a  velvet-like  gloss,  with  brown,  irregular 
specks,  perhaps  of  a  fructification  among  them." — Eng.  Bot. 

1016.  Tremella  lutescens.     Fr.     "  Yellowish  Tremella," 

Caespitose,  tremulous,  undulato-gyrose,  white,  then  yellowish; 
lobes  crowded,  entire. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  588.  Pers.  Ic.  ^*  Desc.  i.  8,/. 
9.  Bull.  ^.406,  CD.  t.  499,/:  U.V.  Berk.  Outl.p.  287.  Price./. 
44.  Bisch.f.  3403.  Bail.  t.  22. 

On  old  stumps.  [United  States.] 


Sect.  2.     Cerehrince. 

1017.  Tremella  mesenterica.     Retz.     "  Orange  Tremella." 

Expanded,  ascending,  somewhat  tough,  plicato-undulate, 
smooth,  orange. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  588.  Jacq.  Misc.i.  t.  13.  Schceff. 
^.168.  Eng.  Bot.  2nd  Ed.  t.  709.  Bull.  1. 17  4..  Huss.i.t.27.  Ann. 
Sc.  Nat.  {1863),  xix.t.U.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.216.  Berk.  Outl.p.  2S7. 
Card.  Chron.  (lS60),p.  963  Jg.  Price,/.  26.  Bot.  Zeit.  1859,  t. 
11,/.  22. 

On  sticks  in  woods,  &c.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Varying  considerably  in  size  and  form,  sometimes  quite  flat  and  thin,  but 
generally  ascending  and  strongly  lobed  and  plicate;  when  full  grown  con- 
sisting of  branched,  easily  discernible  filaments,  surrounded  by  a  dense 
stratum  of  spores.  (Fig.  94.) 

1018.  Tremella  vesicaria.     Bidl.     " Bladdery  Tremella." 

Firm,  bladdery,  much  waved  and  wrinkled,  erect,  pallid,  very 
viscid  within  ;  sporophores  globose;  spores  broad,  oblong. — 
Bull.  t.  427,  f.  3.  Berh.  Outl.p.  287.  Eng.  Bot.  Ed.  ii.  t.  2451. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  724. 

On  the  ground.     Rare.  [Pennsylvania.] 

Spores  -0004  X  "00025  in. 

Q    5 


346  TEEMELLINI. 

1019.  Tremella  xnorifoxmis.     Berli,     "  Mulberry  Tremella." 

Conglobated,  sinuatecl,  mulberry-black,  opaque,  firm. — Berk. 
Outl.p.  287.  Eng.  Bot.  Ed.  ii.  t.  2451.  Price^f.  21  ?  Dacrymyces 
moriformis.  Fr.Epicr.p.h^2.  Eng.El.  y.  p.  21d. 

On  the  ground.     Rare.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Sessile  in  roundish  or  oblong  tumid,  sinuous  masses  of  various  size,  not 
unlike  mulberries  in  appearance,  except  being  coal  black.  Internally  of  a 
deep  rich  purple,  substance  fleshy,  attached  by  strong  central  roots.  When 
dried  between  paper  a  violet  stain  is  communicated  to  whatever  the  plant 
touches.— *S'//i(VA. 

1020.  Tremella  albida.     Hud,     « Whitish  Tremella." 

Expanded,  tough,  undulated,  even,  -or  somewhat  gyrose, 
pruinose,  whitish,  at  length  brownish. — Fr.Epicr.p.  589.  Eng. 
Bot. t. 1111.  Bull.  t.  386,  f.  A.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.216.  Berk. Outl.p. 
287.  Price, f.  50.    Bon.  t.  UJ.  246. 

On  dead  branches.     Common.  [United  States.] 

It  bursts  through  cracks  in  the  bark,  and  then  spreads  itself  in  horizontal 
or  clustered,  rounded  obtuse,  scalloped  masses,  white,  semi-pellucid,  ex- 
tremely gelatinous,  and  tender  when  young,  afterwards  turning  yellowish. — 
Smith. 

1021.  Trexnella  intuznescens.     Sow.     "  Contorted  Tremella." 

Subcjespitose,  rounded  or  conglomerate,  soft,  brown,  when  dry 
blackish-brown,  obsoletely  punctuate,  somewhat  tortuous  and 
lobed. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  589.  Berk.  Outl.p.  288.  Eng.  Bot.  Ed.  ii. 
^.  1870.    Eng.Fl.Y.p.2ll. 

On  trunks  of  fallen  trees.     Apethorpe.      [United  States.] 

In  perfection  in  very  wet  weather  only,  when  it  forms  numerous  soft  and 
pulpy  clusters,  twisted  and  tumid,  like  the  intestines  of  some  animal,  of  a 
darkish  dull  brown,  but  with  a  shining  surface,  obscurely  dotted ;  inside 
paler  and  almost  Avhite,  except  that  when  cut  longitudinally  brown  vertical 
streaks  are  discernible  near  the  surface.  — <SVrt.i<A. 

1022.  Tremella  indecorata.     Somm.     "Dingy  Tremella." 

Sessile,  rounded,  moist,  convex,  plicate,  opaque,  blark-brown, 
dingy. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  589.  Kl.  exs.  no.  822.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  725, 
810*.    Berk.  Outl.p.  283. 

On  willows.     Mossburnford. 

Dark  pitchy  brown  when  dry,  dirty  cinereous  when  swoUen  with  moisture. 
^M.  J.  B. 


TEEMELLINl.  347 

Sect.  S.     Coryne — erect,  sub-clavate,  subviscid. 

1023.  Tremella  clavata.    P.     "  Clavate  Tremella." 

Solitary,  simple,  incrassated,  reddish  flesh-colour,  blackish  at 
the  base. — Fr.  Epkr.  p.  589.  Pers.  Ic.  Pict.  1. 10,/.  1.  Eag.  Ft, 
Y.p,2n.   BerJc,  Outl.p.288. 

On  stumps.     Rare.     Appin, 

About  1  in.  high,  2  lines  broad,  blackish  below,  and  slightly  twisted. — 
M.  J.  B. 

Tremella  sarcoides.  Sm.  See  Bulgaria  sarcoides,  of  ^Yhich 
it  is  a  condition. 

1024.  Tremella  tuberculaiia.    Berk.     '•' Homy  Tremella." 

Erumpent ;  stem  short,  cylindrical,  head  pileate,  dirty  white, 
nearly  black  when  dry. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  288.  Tuhercularia  alhida, 
Eng.Fl.  y.^.354.   Coryne  turhinata^Ann.  N.H.  no.  165. 

On  fallen  branches.     Oct. 

Left  upon  the  wood  when  the  bark  falls  oflP,  when  dry  it  has  a  peculiar, 
semi-transparent,  horny  appearance. 

Sect.  4.     PhyUo2'}ta — cartilaginous,  depressed,  or  effused. 

1025.  Tremella  torta.     Wllld.    "Twisted  Tremella." 

Minute,  round,  depressed,  gyroso-tuberculate,  yellow  or 
orange. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  288.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  372. 

On  decorticated  oak.     Common. 

Two  or  three  lines  across. 

1026.  Tremella  versicolor.    B.  ^^  Br.    "  Parasitic  Tremella." 

Minute,  orbicnlar,  orange,  at  length  brown. — Ann.  Nat.  Hist, 
ser.  ii.  vol.  xiii.  p.  406,  no.  726.  Berk.  Outl. p.  288. 

On  Corticium  nudum.     Feb. 

Forming  minute  orange,  tear-like,  convex  spots,  on  the  hjrmenium  of  the 
Coriicium,  paler  when  young,  at  length  assuming  a  rufous  tinge.  In  young 
plants  the  delicate  hyaline  threads  are  terminated  by  four  globules,  which 
ultimately  branch,  forming  moniliform  threads. — £.  d;  Br. 

1027.  Tremella  viscosa.     P.     -  Viscid  Tremella." 

Effused,  resupinate,  hyaline,  at  first  white,  undulated. — Pei's. 
Ohs.  ii.p.  18.    Berk.  Outl.  2).  288.    Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  ii.  vol.  xiii. 


348 


TEEMELLINI. 


1. 15,/!  4.   Corticium  viscosum,  Fr.  Thelephora  viscosa,  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
pAll. 

On  dead  wood. 

We  find  globose  sporophores,  bearing  three  or  four  elongated  sterigmata, 
and  obloBEr,  obliquely  attached  spores,  which  sometimes  contain  one  or  two 
nuclei. — B.  cb  Br. 

1028.  Tremella  epigaea.     B.  S,' Br.     "  Ground  Tremella." 

Effused,  gelatinous,  gyroso-plicate,  white. — Ann.  Nat.  Hist. 
ser.ii.t;o/.  2,p.266,7io.  373.  i.  9,/.  3.  Berh.  Outl.  p.  289. 

On  the  ground.     Rare.     Leigh  wood,  Bristol. 

Spreading  over  the  naked  soil,  on  which  it  forms  a  thin  white  stratum, 
the  surface  of  which  is  gyroso-plicate,  and  dusted  with  the  white  spores  ; 
the  inner  substance  is  very  soft  and  gelatinous . — M.  J.  B. 


Gen.  50. 


EXZDIA,  Fr. 


Tremulous,  margined,  fertile 
above  and  granular,  barren  below. 
—Berk.  Outl. p.  289.        (Fig.  95.; 


Fig.  95. 


1029. 


Exidia  recisa.    Fr.     "  Truncate  Exidia." 


Very  soft,  truncate,  plane,  costate, 
sub-repand,  amber-brown,  punctato- 
scabrous  beneath  ;  stem  very  short, 
exceutric,  oblique. — Fr.  Fpicr.p.  590. 
&turm.  f.  13.  Eng.  Bot.  Ed.  ii.  t.  1819. 
Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  218.  Berk.  Outl.p.  289. 
Fig.  96.  ^/sc/i./.  3399.  Kl.exs.no.%^^. 

On  dead  branches  of  willows.     Common.    [Low.  Carolina.] 
About  1  in,  broad  j  spores  oblong,  obtuse,  curved.  (Fig.  96.J 


TEEMELLINI. 


349 


1030.        Exidia  glandulosa.     Fr.     "  Witches' Butter  Exidia." 

Effused,  flattened,  thick,  undulated,  blackish,  spiciilose  with 
conical  papillae,  cinereous  beneath,  and  somewhat  tomentose. — 
Fr.  Epicr.  p.  591.  Bull.  t.  420,/.  1.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  884.  Eng.  Bot. 
^cZ.ii.i.  2448,2452.  i^Mss.i.  ^.  42.  Eng.  Fl. v.  j).  218.  Berk.Outl. 
p.28d. 

On  dead  branches  of  oak.     Common.         [United  States.] 

Varying  in  colour  from  whitisli  to  bro'mi,  and  deep  cinereous,  at  length 
black;  generally  somewhat  turbinate,  slightly  plicate  below,  much  wrinkled 
above,  sometimes  thin  ;  substance  tender  within,  firmer  towards  the  hyme- 
nium,  composed  of  gelatine  interlaced  with  very  slender  branched  filaments, 
covered  with  oblong,  obtuse,  curved  spores.  Beneath  rough  like  crape,  with 
minute  parallel  papillae.— J/.  /.  B.  (Fig.  95.^ 


1031. 


Exidia  saccharina.     Fr.     "  Larch  Exidia." 


Tiiberculose,  gyroso-undulate,  thick,  tawny-cinnamon,  papillae 
rare  and  scattered. — Fr.  Epicr.  jy.odl.  Ann. N.H.  no.  811.  Berk. 
Outl.p.28d.  Kl.exs.no.l611. 

On  larch.     Rare.     Mossburnford. 


Gen.  51. 


HIRNEOLA,  Fr. 


1032. 


Gelatinous,  cup-shaped,  horny 
when  dry  ;  hymenium  often  more 
or  less  wrinkled;  interstices  even, 
without  papillte  ;  outer  surface 
velvety.— ^fr/:.  Oiitlp.  289. 

{Fig.  97.) 


Fig.  97. 
Hirneola  Auricula- Judae.  Berk.   "  Jew's-ear  Hirneola." 


Thin,  concave,  flexuose,  blackish,  venoso-plicate  everywhere, 
tomentose  beneath,  cinereous-olive. — Berk.  Outl.p.  289, 1. 18,/. 
7.  Huss.i.t.  63.  Exidia  Auricula  Judae,  Fr.  Epicr. p.  690.  Nees. 
PI.  Off.withfig.  Bolt.  1. 107,  Tremella.  Bull. t.  4.21  ,f.  2.  Eng. Bot. 
Ed.  ii.  t.  2147.  Batt.  t.  3,/.  T.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  217.  Corda.  Sturm. 
t.  6.  Harz.  t.  45. 


350 


TEEMELLINI. 


On  elder  and  elm.     Common.  [United  States.] 

1-3  in.  or  more  broad  ;  upper  substance  corrugated,  the  plaits  branching 
from  the  middle  part,  where  they  are  strongest,  and  somewhat  convoluted, 
so  as  to  give  an  idea  of  a  human  ear  ;  when  the  plant  grows  on  a  perpendicular 
stump  or  tree  it  turns  upwards.— *S/-/iii!A.  (Fig.  27.) 


Gen.  52. 


NiEMATELIA,  Fr. 


Nucleus  solid,  heterogeneous, 
covered  with  a  gelatinous  stra- 
tum, "which  is  everywhere  clothed 
with  the  hymenium. — BerJc.  Outl. 
^3.290.  (i^/^.  98.) 


Fig.  98. 


1033.  Naematelia  encephala.    Fr.   "Flesh-coloured  Nematelia." 

Subsessile,  pulvinate,  plicato-rugose,  pallid  flesh  colour,  at 
length  brownish. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  591.  Willd.  Bot.  Mag.  i.  t.  4,  /. 
14.  Eng.Fl.Y. 2^.219.  Ann.N.H.no.2d2.  Berk.  Outl. p.  2^^. 
BerJ:.  exs.  wo.  291. 

On  pine  rails.     Rare.     Loch  Lomond,  Wales. 

[Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 

Solitary  or  clustered,  more  or  less  pulvinate  ;  4-6  lines  broad  and  thick, 
firm,  when  fresh  of  a  dead  flesh  colour,  when  dry  reddish-brown ;  nucleus 
large,  hard,  white  ;  base  stem-like. — Fries.  (Fig.  98.^ 

1034.  Naematelia  nucleata.    Fr.     "  Nucleate  Naematelia." 

Sessile,  flat,  somewhat  gyrose,  yellowish-brown. — Fr.  Epicr.p. 

592.  Berk.  Outl. p.  290. 

On  rotten  wood.     Rare.  [United   States.] 

Sometimes  confounded  with  TremeUa  alhida,  from  which  it  differs  in  the 
presence  of  a  small  white  nucleus.  -J/.  /•  B. 

1035.  Naematelia  virescens.     Corda.     "  Greenish  Nsematelia." 

Small,  roundish,  depressed,  gyroso-tuberculate,  or  quite  even, 
green. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  374.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1857,/.  1.  Dacrymyces 
virescens,  Fr.  Epicr.p.  592.   Corda.  iii./.  90.  Berk.  Outl. p.  290. 

On  furze  branches.     Common. 


TEEMELLIXI. 


351 


Gen.  53. 


DACRYiyiYCES,  Nees, 


A    [ 


B 


Homogenous,  gelatinous.  Co- 
nidia  disposed  in  moniliform 
rows ;  sporophores  clavate,  at 
length  bifurcate. — Berk.  Outl.p. 
290.  [Fig.  99.) 


Fig.  99. 

1036.  Dacrymyces  violaceus.    Fr.     "  Violet  Dacrymyces." 

Small,  compact,  somewliat  compressed,  gyrose,  violet. — Fr. 
Epicr.p.6d2.  Eng.Fl.x.p.  219.  Berh.  Outl.p. 2^^. 

On  trunks  of  pear  trees.     Rare.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Erumpent,  gregarious  ;  3-4  lines  long,  1  line  tliick,  black  when  dry. — 
Fries.     Very  much  like  the  tartar  of  port-vrine. — B.dkaii. 

1037.  Dacrymyces  sebaceus.     B.Sj'Br.    "Waxy  Dacrymyces." 

"VVTiitislijWaxy,  subrotund;  spores  ovate-triangular :  filaments 
variously  branched,  clavate  above,  here  and  there  resolved  into 
globose  conidia. — Br.  Bath.  Trans.  1870,79.  96. 

On  ash  and  maple  twigs.     TVInter. 

Conspicuous  in  wei  weather,  2-4  lines  broad  ;  spores  ('0005  X  "0003  in.) 
•0125  X  "0075  mm.  Besides  the  spores  other  bodies  occur  resembling  those 
of  a  Fusirporurni,  which  appear  to  grow  from  the  same  threads,  but  may  pos- 
sibly be  parasitic  on  the  Dacrymyces. — C.  E.  B.  (Fig.  99.^ 

1038.  Dacrymyces  deliquescens.   Dul).    "Yellow Dacrymyces." 

Pulvinate,  slightly  waved,  and  plicate  yellow.     Spores  trisep- 

tate. — Bull.  t.  455,/.  3.    Price.,  f.  58.    Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1853,  xix.  t. 

12,  13.  Ditiolanuda,  B.  4' Br.  Ann.  N.H.  ser.  2,  vol.  ii.p.  267,  t.  9, 

/.  4,  7Z0.  375  ^  wo.  728.    Septocolla  adpressa,  Bon.  f.  274.    Berk. 

Outl.p.  290. 

On  fallen  pine  branches.  [l^P-  CaroHna.] 

Sometimes  on  pine  rails,  as  well  as  D.  stillatus,  but  easily  distinguished 
from  that  by  its  larger  size,  more  csespitose  habit,  and  paler  yellowish  colour. 
It  often  resembles  very  much  a  caespitose,  waved,  yellow  Peziza,  growing  in 
clusters,  sometimes  an  inch  or  more  in  length.  The  spores  are  triseptate, 
slightly  curved  and  obtuse. 


352 


TREMELLIXI. 


1039.  Dacrymyces  stillatus.     Nees.     "Orange  Dacrymyces." 

Nearly  round,  convex,  at  length  plicate,  yellow,  then  orange, 
colour  persistent;  spores  multiseptate. — Fr.  Epicr.p.  592.  Grev. 
S.  C.  F.  1. 159.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 18,/.  8.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  220.  Cooke. 
exs.  no.  336. 

On  pine  rails.  [United  States.] 

Distingnished  by  its  persistent   orange  colour  from.  D.  deliqiiescens,  it  is 
also  smaller,  more  scattered,  less  depressed,  and  firmer.     Generally  barren. 

1040.  Dacrymyces  chrysocomus.     Tul.     "Yellow-fir 

Dacrymyces." 

Small,  yellow,  gelatinous,  cup-shaped,  at  length  turning  pale. 
— Berk.  Outl.  p.  291.  Peziza  chrt/socoma,  Bull.  t.  376,/.  2.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.20D. 

On  fir  branches. 


Gen.  54. 


APYRENIUM,  Fr. 


Stroma  gelatinoso-carnose,  fibro- 
so-floccose,  hollow,  inflated  ;  hyme- 
nium  smooth,  when  dry  collapsed, 
pubescent. — Berk.  Outl. p.  291. 

{Fig.  100.) 


Fig.  100. 


1041. 


Apyrenium  lignatile.     Fr. 

Apyreuium." 


""Wood -loving 


Subglobose,  always  hollow,  mostly  somewhat  lobed,  pallid 
yellowish,  or  reddish  white. — Fr.  El.  ii.p.  39.  Berk.  Outl. p.  291. 
Pyrenium  lignatile,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  221.   Grev.  ^.276. 

On  rotten  wood.     Appiu.  (Fig.  100.) 

1042.  Apyrenium  armeniacum.     B.  ^^  Br,     "Apricot-        * 

coloured  Apyrenium." 

Eeceptacle  lobate,  sub-gelatinous,  apricot-colour ;  spores 
obovate,  enucleate,  borne  at  the  tij)s  of  branched  threads. — B. 
^'  Br.  Ann.]^.H.{\^^^),no.\\M,pl.\\.J.'l. 

On  oak  sticks.     Oct.     Batheaston. 


Spores   '0003    X   'OOOo  in.  long. 


THs  may  possibly  be  a  condition  of 


TEEMELLINI. 


353 


Gen.  55. 


HYIYIENULA,  Fr. 


Effused,  very  tHn,  macul^eforai,   agglutinate,  between  waxy 
and  gelatinous. — Berk.  Outl.p.2^1. 

1043.        Hymenula  punctiformis.    B.S^^Br^     "  Point-like  Hyme- 

nula." 

Gelatinous,  punctiform,  pallid,  somewhat  undulated  :    sjDores 
elliptic. — Ann.  Nat.  Hist,  no, 1'2^.  Berk.  Outl.p.2^\. 

On  decorticated  fir  poles.     Sept.     Batheaston. 

Panctiform,  gelatinous,  dirty  white  or  very  pale  Tiniberj  sliglitly  tinged 
with  yellow,  5  line  broad,  sliglitly  undulated,  consisting  of  erect  simple 
threads  ;  spores  minute  ('0002  in.)  '005  mm.  long.  It  has  somewhat  the  ap- 
pearance of  Peziza  vulgaris. — B.  (b  Br. 


Gen.  56. 


BITIOLA,  Fr. 


Orbicular,  margined,  patellae- 
form.  Hymenium  discoid,  ge- 
latinous, at  first  Teiled. — Berk. 
Outl.jJ. 2dl.  {Fig.  101.) 


1044. 


Fig.  101. 

Ditiola  radicata. 


Fr.     "  Eooting  Ditiola. 


Disc  nearly  plane,  golden-yellow  ;  stem  thick,  villous,  white, 
rooting.— i^r.^.M.  ii.;?.  170.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2338,/.  1.  Bisch.  f. 
3375.  Bail.  t.  22.  A.  4-  S.t.  8,f.6.  Eng.  Fl.  \.  p.  210.  Ann. 
y.H.no.72d*. 


On  pine  wood.     East  Bergholt. 


[Fig.  101.) 


354  HYPOG^I. 


Family  II.    GASTEROMYCETES. 

Hymenium  more  or  less  permanently  concealed,  consisting  in 
most  cases  of  closely-packed  cells,  of  which  the  fertile  ones  bear 
naked  spores  on  distinct  spicules,  exposed  only  by  the  rupture 
or  decay  of  the  investing  coat  or  peridium. — Berk.  Outl.p.  292. 

The  fructification  is  essentially  produced  witliin  the  surrounding  tissues. 
A  large  portion  are  remarkable  for  the  drying  up  of  the  hymenial  tissues  to 
such  an  extent  that  the  cavity  contains  a  dusty  mass  of  spores,  mixed  more 
or  less  with  threads,  or  the  shrivelled  remains  of  the  constituent  tissues,' 
but  this  is  not  without  exception.  Some,  again,  are  of  a  fleshy  consistence 
when  young,  while  others,  in  an  early  stage  of  growth,  exhibit  little  more 
than  an  apparently  inorganised  mass  of  pulpy  matter.  One  or  two  genera 
exhibit  beautiful  spiral  threads.    A  few  are  edible. — Berk.  Introd.  ]).  333, 

Hymenomycetous — 

Subterraneous,  naked  or  enclosed      .     .    Hypogcei. 

Terrestrial.     Hymenium  deliquescent  .     Phalloidei. 

Peridium  enclosing  sporangia,  contain- 
ing spores JVidulariacei. 

Coniospermous  — 

Cellular  at  first.  Hymenium  drying  up 
into  a  dusty  mass  of  threads  and 
spores TricJiogastres. 

Gelatinous  at  first,  Peridium  contain- 
ing at  length  a  dusty  mass  of  threads 
and  spores Myxogastres. 


Order   VII.     HTPOG^I. 

Hymenium  permanent,  not  becoming  dusty  or  deliquescent, 
except  when  decayed.     Subterranean. — Berh.  Outl.p.  2^2. 

Analogous  to  Tuberacei   in  many  particulars,  except  that 
the  spores  are  not  contained  in  asci. 

Peridium  adhering  to  creeping,  branched  fibres,  which  traverse  its  surface — 

Cells  at  first  pulpy.     Spores  smooth.    .     .    .  Melanogaster. 

Cells  at  first  empty.    Spores  smooth    .     .     .  Rhizopogon, 
Peridium  fleshy  or  thin.     Cells  at  first  empty — 

Without  distinct  base.     Spores  echinulate     .  Hydnangium. 

With  absorbing  base.     Spores  various  .    .    .  Hymeiwg aster. 
Peridium  cottony.     Cells  at  first  empty — 

Spores  rough. Octaviania. 

Peridium  separable.     Cells  at  first  empty — 

Substance     cartilagino-glutinous.      Spores 

minute Hysterangiuvu 


HTPOG^I. 


355 


Gen.  57. 


OCTAVIANIA,  Yitt. 


Fig.  102. 


Peridium  continuous  or  cracked,  cottony, 
running  down  into  the  sterile  base.  Trama 
byssoid,  easily  divisible.  Fruit-bearing  cavi- 
ties or  cells  at  first  empty.  Spores  rough. — 
Vitt.  Tub. p.  16.  Tul.Hyp.p.ll.  Berk.  Outl. 
p.  292.  {Fig.  102.) 


1045. 


Octaviania  astefosperma. 

Octaviania." 


Vitt,     "  Star-spored 


Globose,  dirty  white,  then  in  parts,  ceruginous-blue  and  black; 
sterile  base  rather  thick  ;  spores  spherical,  deep  ferruginous, 
echinate. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  292.  Tul.  Hyp.  1. 11,  f.  1.  Vitt.  Tub.  t. 
3,f.  7.  Tul.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xix.  1. 17,/.  21.  Corda.  Ic.  vi.  t.  l^f. 
64.   Corda.  Anl.  t.  D.f.  4:6,  no.  6,6. 

Underground,  adhering  by  the  mycelium  to  twigs,  &c.  West 
of  England. 

The  smell  is  just  like  the  pungent  odour  of  some  Ichneumon  or  small  bee. 
Spores  (-0004  in.)  '0128  mm.  (Fie/.  102,  spores.) 


1046.         Octaviania  Stephensii.     Tul.     "  Stephens's  Octaviania." 

Irregular,  oblong,  externally  rufous,  plicato-rugose  at  the  base, 
cribrose,  white  within;  milky,  at  length,  when  exposed  to  the  air, 
rufous;  spores  globose,  at  length  echinulate. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  292. 
Tul.  Hyp.  t.  21,  f.  6.  C or  da.  yi.  f.  67.  Hydnanyium  Stephensii, 
Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  xiii.  p.  352,  no.  300. 


Underground,  or  half  buried. 


Aug. 


Clifton. 


About  I  in.  diameter,  oblong,  attached  by  a  branched  fibrous  root,  smooth, 
not  cracked,  dark  rufous,  curiously  plicate  at  the  base,  and  cribrose  ;  within 
white,  yielding  when  cut  a  white  milky  fluid  ;  substance  when  cut  and  ex- 
posed to  the  air  soon  acquiring  a  red  tinge,  which  is  not,  however,  perma- 
nent, and  in  young  specimens  vanishes  almost  entirely  in  drying,  in  which 
state  the  hymenium  is  cream-coloured  ;  cells  minute  ;  spores  at  first  irregu- 
larly globose,  with  a  broad  rugulose  border,  somewhat  after  the  fashion  of  the 
young  spores  of  Sderoderma,  at  length  echinulate.  This  species  is  remark- 
able for  its  milky  juice,  smooth  dark  peridium,  and  plicate  base.  The  smell 
was  slight.- M.  J.  B.  Spores  -0096  X  '0128  mm.  (-00035  X  '0004  in.)  dia- 
meter. 


HTPOG^I. 


MELANOGASTER,  Corda. 


Peridium  adhering  to  creeping 
branched  libres  which  traverse  its 
surface,  without  any  proper  or  dis- 
tinct base ;  cells  at  first  filled  with 
pulp ;  spores  smooth,  mostly  dark. 
— Corda.  Sturm,  iii.p.i.  Ic.  Fung. 
V.  p.  23.  Tul.  Hyp.  p.  92.  Berk. 
Outl. p.  223.  {Fig.  103.) 


Fig.  103. 


1047.  Melanogaster  variegatus.     Tul.     "  Red  Truffle." 

At  first  ochraceous,  then  reddish-ferruginous,  minutely  downy ; 
walls  of  the  cells  dirty  white,  yellowish  or  orange  ;  pulp  black  ; 
spores  minute. — Tul.  F.  Hyp.  t.  ii.  /.  4,  t.  xii.f.  6.  Bull.  t.  479. 
Berk.  Outl.p.  293.    Vitt.  Tub.  t.m.f.A.   Corda.  Ic.Yi.t.dJ.dl. 

var.  Broomeianus.  Veins  pale,  sometimes  becoming  red  when 
dry,  sometimes  unchangeable.  M.  Broomeianus,  B.  Ann.  N.H. 
710.301.  Tuber  7noschatum,  Sow.  L  426.  Berk.  exs.  no.  285.  Tul. 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xix.  1. 17,  f.  23.   Corda.  vi./.  90. 

Under  beech  trees,  Lombardy  poplars,  &c.  South  West  of 
England. 

Sold  in  the  market  at  Bafh  under  the  name  of  the  Eed  Truffle,  and  eaten 
there  in  preference  to  the  Common  Truffle.  In  tufts  of  five  or  six  together, 
and  several  of  such  tufts  under  each  tree,  half  of  them  being  in  general  ex- 
posed, and  half  beneath  the  soil  ;  when  fresh  it  is  minutely  tomentose,  of  a 
reddish  ochre,  which  becomes  less  bright  when  handled  or  badly  dried  ;  the 
veins  bright  yellow  in  the  typical  form,  pale  in  the  variety,  sometimes  be- 
coming red  when  dry,  sometimes  unchanj^eable  ;  at  first  white  within,  then 
very  pale  yellow,  at  length  fuliginous.  The  spores  are  elliptic  and  minute, 
without  any  papillae,  they  contain  one  or  two  globose  nuclei  ;  when  ripe 
spherical  bodies  of  the  size  of  the  nuclei  are  often  mixed  with  the  spores. — 
M.J.B.     Spores  -0064  mm.  long,  '004  mm.  broad  ('00025  X  '00015  in.). 


1048.  Melanogaster  ambiguus. 

gaster." 


Tul.      "  Stinking  Melano- 


Very  foetid,  globose,  dirty  olive,  nearly  even ;  walls  of  cells 
■white,  reddish  when  exposed  to. the  air ;  pulp  black  ;  spores  large, 
obovate.  TuLHijp.t.2,f.h,t.l2,f.h.  Berk.  Ann.  N. Hist.  no. 302. 
Berk.  Outl. p.  223.  Corda.  Ic.  vi.  t.d,f.  88.   Octaviana  ambigua^ 


HTPOG^I.  357 

Vitt.  Till),  p.  18,  t.  4,/.  7.    Hyperrhiza  liquaminosa,  Klot.  Fl,  Bor. 
^.468.  Lycoperdoidesj  Mich.  t.  98,/.  3. 

Under  fir  trees.     West  of  England.     Apetliorpe. 

Known  at  once  by  its  mucli  larger  ovate  spores  vdth  a  papilla  at  the  apex, 
and  its  abominable  smell,  wliicb  resembles  that  of  assafcetida.  A  single  speci- 
men in  a  room  is  so  strong  as  to  make  it  scarcely  habitable.  The  walls  of 
the  cells  when  cut  are  whitish,  but  soon  become  red  ;  this  is  not  constantly 
the  case . — 21.  J.  B. 

var.  /3.  intermedins.     Spores  obovate,  obtuse  and  even,  very 
rarely  slightly  papillate. — Berk.  Ann.N.H.  no.  302. 

This  form,  or  more  probably  species,  was  found  at  Spye  Park  in  Angrist, 
by  C.  E.  Broome.  It  is  as  large  as  M.  variegatus,  of  which  it  has  the  bright 
rusty  colour,  but  the  spores  are  much  larger,  equalling  in  size  those  of  the 
typical  form  of  this  species,  though  of  a  different  form.  There  is  scarcely 
ever  the  slightest  indication  of  a  papilla,  and  they  are  obovate,  with  a  single 
globose  nucleus.  The  smell  is  also  similar.  The  walls  of  the  cells  are  yel- 
lowish, and  are  red  in  dry  specimens,— J/.  J.B.  Spores  '013  X  "016  mm.  long, 
•008 mm.  broad  (-0005  X  'OOOS in.).  (Fig.  103,  section  magd.) 


Gen.  59.  HYDNANGIUM,  Wallr. 

Peridium  fleshy  or  membranaceons.     Sterile  base 

none.     Trama  vesicular.     Cells  at  first  empty,  then 

filled  ^ith  spores.      Spores  echinnlate. — Tul.  Hyp. 

p.  74.    Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  xiii.y;.  351.   Outl.  p.  293. 

Corda.  Ic.  Y.p.  28.  {Fig.  104.) 

Fig. 104. 

1049.  Hydnangium  carotaecolor.     Berk.     "  Orange  Hydnan- 

gium." 

Oblong,  rootless  ;  peridium  thin,  rugulose,  brick-red,  orange 
within  ;  spores  subelliptic,  pale,  echinulate. — Berk.  Ann.  N.H. 
xiii.p.351.  Berk.  Outl.p.  293,  t.20,f.l.  Tul.  Hyp.  t.  21, f. 4:. 

Under  trees.     Sept.     iSov.     Bristol. 

Oblong,  f  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  externally  slightly  tomentose,  pale 
orange-red,  fleshy,  but  by  no  means  deliquescent,  rootless  ;  peridium  thin, 
at  length  rugulose,  within  minutely  cellular  ;  substance  of  a  beautiful  orange- 
red  ;  cells  hollow,  clothed  with  obtuse  bi-sporous  sporophores,  and  slender 
cystidia  ;  the  cells  are  also  traversed  from  wall  to  wall  by  slender  occasionally 
branched  threads.  Spores  subelliptic,  strongly  echinulate,  supported  on 
short  but  distinct  sterigmata.— J/. /.  5.  Colour  exactly  that  of  a  carrot, 
communicating  to  paper  a  lemon-coloured  stain.  Spores  "0096  X  "0128  mm. 
long,  -007  X  -008  mm.  broad  ('0004  X  "0003  in.). 

{Fig,  104,  scores  magd.) 


358  HTPOG^I. 

Gen.  60.  HYSTERANGIUM,  Yitt. 

Peridium  mdeliiscent,  distinct,  separable.  Cavities  at  first 
empty.  Substance  cartilagineo-glutinous.  Spores  minute. — 
Vitt.Tuh.2-}.n.  Berh.Ann.N.H.^iilp.^oO.  OutLp.2d4:.  Tul. 
Hyp.p.^0. 


1050.  Hysterangium  nephziticuxn.    BerTi.     "Grey 

Hysterangium." 

Depressed,  springing  from  a  Tvbite,  flat,  branched,  membranous 
mycelium ;  peridium  firm,  elastic,  distinct,  tomentose,  substance 
pale  blue  or  grey,  here  and  there  greenish ;  cavities  radiating  from 
the  base  ;  spores  minute,  oblong,  pale  clay-colour. — Ann.  N.  Hist. 
xiii.^.  350,710.  298. 

Under  trees.     Feb.     Clifton. 

About  ^-1  in.  across,  gregarious,  sometimes  confluent,  snow-white,  downy, 
seated  on  a  ^^hite,  flat,  branched  mycelium,  which  penetrates  deeply  into 
the  soil,  and  is  attached  at  various  points  to  the  peridium  ;  peridium  firm, 
elastic,  easily  separating  from  the  fructifying  mass,  tut  in  the  process  of 
drying  in  young  plants,  adhering  closely  to  it ;  in  older  plants  often  separat- 
ing entirely  ;  when  rubbed  or  cut  contracting  sometimes  a  pale  rufous  tinge  ; 
substance  firm,  cartilagineo-glutinous,  proceeding  from  the  base  and  radiating 
into  the  mass,  of  a  pale  blue  or  grey  in  parts,  with  a  green  tinge  ;  in  very 
young  specimens  there  is  a  tinge  of  very  pale  pink  j  cells  irregular,  minute, 
sometimes  straight  and  radiating,  clotlied  with  very  pale,  argillaceous,  ob- 
long spores,  and  emitting  from  their  walls  irregular  threads.  As  the  plant 
dries  the  blue  and  green  tints  vanish  almost  entirely,  and  the  mass  is  of  a 
very  pale  clay-colour  from  the  spores.  The  central  mass  contracts  extremely, 
and  the  outer  surface  becomes  more  or  less  irregular.  Smell  at  first  like 
that  of  some  Il'ipiricvm,  then  exactly  that  of  a  decaying  pufi"-ball. — M.J.B. 
Spores  -0128  mm.  long,  '0064  mm.  broad  (0004  X  -00025  in.). 

1051.  Hystexangium  Thwaitesii.     B.  Sj- £r.    "Thwaites's 

Hysterangium." 

Subglobose,  white,  rufous  "when  bruised;  peridium  membran- 
aceous ;  spores  oblong,  apiculate. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  ser.  ii. 
fo/.  ii.^.  267, 7Z0.  377. 

Under  trees.     Aug.     Bristol. 

Mycelium  white,  fibrillose,  not  much  disposed  to  form  membranous  ex- 
pansions, spreading  for  some  distance.  Sporangium  globose,  or  slightly 
irregular,  white,  slightly  silky,  when  rubbed  or  exposed  to  air  assuming  a 
rufous  tinge.  Peridium  membranaceous,  not  so  i\iic)i.  ^s  in  H .  nejihriticum , 
though,  as  in  that  species,  it  sometimes  separates  when  dry;  rufous  when 
divided.  Cells  brownish-olive  ;  spores  oblong,  apiculate,  difl'erently  shaped 
from  those  of  the  other  species.— J/./. jB.  Spores  "0192  mm.  long,  "0004 
mm.  broad  (-0006  X  -00025  in.). 


HTPOG^I. 


359 


Gen.  61. 


RHIZOFOGON,   Tul. 

Peridium  continuous  or  cracked,  ad- 
hering to  creeping,  branched  fil3res, 
which  traverse  its  surface.  Cavities 
distinct,  at  first  empty.  Spores  smooth, 
oblong-elliptic. — Tul.  Hyp,j).^o.  B.  ^ 
Br.  Ann.  N.II.  xviii./>,76.  Berh.  Outl. 
p.  294.    {Fij.  105,  Rhizopogon  luteolus.) 


1052.         Rhizopogon  rubescens.     Tul.     "  Eeddisli  Ehizopogon." 

"White,  then  reddish,  and  at  length  livid-olive,  furnished  vrith 
a  few  fibrillje ;  substance  very  lacunose,  dirty  white,  then  olive ; 
cavities  always  empty. — Berk.  Outl. p.  294.  Tul.  Hyp.  t.  2,/.  i.  t. 
11,  /.  4.  Melanogaster  Berkeley anus^  Br. Ann.  N.  H.  (1845 J/).  41. 
Corda.  Ic.  vi.  t.  9,/.  90.    Sturm,  iii.  1. 11. 

In  sandy  fir  woods.     Chudleigh.    [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

This  species  grows  gregariously  in  srmdy  fir  woods  ;  when  young  it  is  al- 
most transparent,  and  resembles  young  Cyaophallus  caninus,  being  of  a  pure 
white,  and  furnished  with  white  roots,  which  proceed  from  a  mycelium  that 
spreads  sometimes  an  inch  or  two  ;  in  this  state  it  turns  pink  on  being 
touched  ;  in  a  more  advanced  stage  it  is  yellow,  but  even  then  it  has  here 
and  there  a  pink  tinge.  The  smell  is  very  much  like  that  of  Melauogo.ster 
amhiyuus  when  old,  but  when  young  it  has  an  acid  smell  like  that  of  sour 
ham.  It  rapidly  decays  into  a  brown,  foetid,  pulpy  mass. — M.J.B.  Spores 
•007-*009  mm.  long,  -003  mm.  broad  ('00027  to  -OuOSo  X  -OOUll  in.). 


Gen.  62. 


HYIVIENOGASTER,   Tul. 


Fig.  107. 


H.  xiii.^.  346,  xviii.^.  74. 


Globose,  fleshy,  firm,  or 
rather  soft.  Peridium  fleshy 
or  thin,  running  down  into 
an  absorbing  base.  Cavities 
at  first  empty,  radiating  or 
irregular.  Trama  composed 
of  elongated  cells,  but  not 
of  byssoid  flocci,  and  there- 
fore not  easily  separable. 
Spores  various. —  Vitt.  Tub. 
75.20.  Tul. Hyp.p.Q^.  Berk, 
Berk.  Outl. p.  2\) 6. 


360  HTPOG^I. 

1053.  Hyxnenogaster  Klotschii.      Tid,      '' Klotsch's  Hymeno- 

gaster." 

Obovate,  fibrillose  at  the  base,  dirty  white,  "within  dull  iTifous 
ochre  ;  s2:)ores  small,  elliptic,  obtuse  at  either  extremity,  nearly 
even.— Berk.  Outl.p.  295.  Tul.Hyp.  1 10,/.  12.  H.  albus,B.  J- 
Br. Ann.  JV^.H.  no.  296.  Hymenangium  album,  Kl.  Fl.  Bor.  t.  466. 
PJdzopogon alius,  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  22d.  Bail.  t.  27.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1967. 

Amongst  soil.     Glasgow. 

Sowerby's  Tuler  alhum,  t.  310,  quoted  in  Eug.  Fl.  as  above,  is  still  uncer- 
tain.    Spores  "016  mm.  long,  •0095  mm.  broad  ("0005  X  "00035  in.). 

1054.  Hymenogastex  muticus.    B.  Jy  Br.    "  Cracking Hymeno- 

gaster." 

Globose,  cjuite  white  when  young,  then  tinged  with  brown  and 
cracked,  pale  yellow-brown  within;  sjiores  obovate,  oblong,  very 
obtuse. — B.  ^' Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  ser.n.,vol.  n.,p.267.  Berk.  Outl. 
p.2Ti).   Tul.Hyp.t.lO,f.l. 

Under  trees.     Nov.     Bristol. 

About  an  inch  in  diameter,  almost  destitute  of  any  absorbing  base, 
globose,  scarcely  at  all  lobed.  When  young  pure  white,  but  changing  with 
age,  especially  when  rubbed,  to  brownish,  and  at  length  much  cracked.  Sub- 
stance pale  yellowish -brown,  rather  firm  and  dry  ;  cells  loose,  but  smaller 
.than  in  some  of  the  allied  species,  clothed  with  reddish-brown  obovate  ob- 
long spores,  which  for  the  most  part  are  quite  obtuse,  without  the  slightest 
trace  of  an  apiculus,  and  contain  two  or  three  variously  sized  oil  globules. 
Smell  very  slight.  Distinguished  from  all  its  more  immediate  allies  by  its 
peculiar  spores.— J/./. i>.  Spores  "023  mm.  long,  •013  mm.  broad  ("OOOS  X 
•0004  in.). 

1055.  Hymenogaster  luteus.      Vitt.     "  Yellow  Hymenogaster." 

Peridium  very  thin,  soft  and  silky,  white,  then  brownish, 
bright  yellow  within;  spores  even,  ovate,  or  elliptic,  oblong, yel- 
low.—^.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  294.  Tul.  Hyp.  1. 1,/.  3.  Vitt.  Tub. 
p.  22,  t.  3,/.  9.   Corda.  Ic.  vi.  t.  8,/.  76. 

In  woods.     Eudloe,  Wilts. 

Distinguished  by  its  bright  permanently  yellow  hymenium,  and  smooth, 
papillate,  very  variable,  often  triangular  spores.  The  tint  varies  according 
to  the  quantity  of  spores.  Some  specimens  have  but  little  scent;  others, 
especially  the  larger  ones,  are  powerfully  foetid. — B.tLBr.  Spores  '019- '023 
mm.  long,  "0096  mm.  broad  (-0007  to  'OOOS  X  •OOOlin.). 

1056.  Hymenogaster  decozus.    Tul.    "  Comely  Hymenogaster." 

T^oundish,  dirty-white,  here  and  there  yellow,  rather  firm, 
within  lilac-brown  and  at  length  blackish-violet ;  absorbing  base 
obsolete  ;  sporojihores  long,  somewhat  filifonn ;   spores  eUiptic, 


HTPOG^I.  361 

obtuse  or  obtusely  apiciilate,  rugulose,  ocbraceous,  then  brown. 
Berk.  Outl.p.  295.  Tul.  Hijp.  t.  10./.  9.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xix.  t.  17, 
/.  4-8. 

In  woods.     Epping  Forest,  Chudleigb,  &c. 

This  is  a  mucli  firmer  species  than  II.  tener,  darker  within,  with  larger 
spores  ;  but  it  is  especially  distinguished  by  its  elongated  filiform  sporo- 
phoreSj  which  project  far  beyond  the  surface  of  the  hymeniuni.  -  M.J.B. 

1057.  Hymenogaster  vulgaris.      Tul.      "Common  Hymeno- 

gaster." 

Roundish,  irregular,  dirty  white,  soon  soiled,  softish,  within 
dirty  white,  then  dark-brown ;  sterile  base  minute  ;  spores  ob- 
long or  lanceolate,  oblong-acute,  attenuated  at  the  base,  dark 
brown  when  mature  ;  surface  uneven. — Berk.  Outl.p.  2*^^.  Tul. 
.  Hyp.  t.  10,/.  13.    Corda.  Ic.  yi.  t.  8,/.  84, 1. 13,/.  108. 

In  woods.     Bristol.     Apethorpe. 

In  general  the  internal  substance  changes  from  dirty  white  to  pale  reddish- 
brown,  and  then  almost  to  black  ;  sometimes,  however,  there  is  at  first  a  slight 
tinge  of  pale  tan.  The  spores  are  variable  in  form,  but  are  never  acuminate. 
—M. J. B.  {Fig.  107,  spores) 

1058.  Hymenogaster  pallidus.      B.  Sf- Br.      "  Pallid  Hymeno- 

gaster." 

Smaller,  rounded,  depressed,  nearly  smooth,  white,  then  dirty 
tan  colour,  rather  soft,  within  white,  then  yellow,  then  pale 
brown ;  sterile  base  obsolete  ;  spores  lanceolate,  acute,  shortly 
pedicellate,  rather  tough. — B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  xviii.  j9.74.  Berk. 
Outl.p.  206. 

In  a  dry  fir  plantation.     Cotterstock. 

This  species,  which  scarcely  exceeds  in  size  a  horsebean,  is  nearly  allied  to 
H.  vulqaris,  but  diifers  in  its  more  acute  spores  as  well  as  in  colour.  Spore? 
•032--038  mm.  long,  -OIS-'OIG  mm.  broad  (-0012  X  "0004  in.). 

1059.  Hymenogaster  citrinus.      Vitt.      "Lemon-coloured  Hy- 

menogaster." 

Eounded,  gibbous,  shining  as  if  silky,  lemon-coloured  or 
golden-yellow,  then  rufous-black,  of  the  same  colour  within; 
substance  firm;  spores  lanceolate,  apiculate,  rugulose,  reddish- 
brown,  opaque. — B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  293.  Berk.  Outl.p.  296, 
t.  20,  f.  2.  Vitt.  Tuh.p.  21.  Berk.  exs.  no.  284.  Tul.  Hyp.  t.  If.  1, 
t.  10,/  3.   Corda.  Ic.  vi.  t.  9,  /.  87. 

In  woods.     Audley  End.     Wiltshire. 


362  HTPOG^I. 

The  yellow  veins,  subfusiform,  rough,  dark-coloured  spores,  the  frequently 
coloured  sporophores,  and  the  cheese-like  scent  which  communicates  itself 
to  everything  which  is  near,  are  the  criterions  of  this  species.  When  young 
it  is  of  a  greenish -yellow,  but  this  soon  wears  oflFwhen  rubbed,  or  exposed 
to  the  air.  The  sporophores  occasionally  become  of  a  much  darker  colour 
than  the  neighbouring  cells,  and  have  a  resinous  appearance.— ^.dt.  Br. 

1060.  Hymenogasteir  olivaceus.     Vitt.     "  Olive  Hymenogaster." 

Globose,  but  angular;  peridium  -whitisli,  tlaen  tinged  with 
yellow,  rufous  when  bruised  ;  substance  white,  then  of  a  dull 
buff,  then  rufous-olive,  variegated  with  the  white  trama ;  spores 
pedicellate,  mucronate,  generally  smooth. — B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  295.  Berk.  Oiitl.  p.  29G.  Vitt.  Tub.  t.  5,/.  9.  H.  populetorum, 
Berk.  exs.  no.  30-4. 

In  woods.     West  of  England. 

Variable  in  size,  from  that  of  a  hazel-nut  to  a  walnut.  Peridium  at  first 
white,  slightly  tinged  with  lemon-colour  ;  cells  at  first  white,  gradually  be- 
c^ming  of  a  dull  bufiF,  and  then  of  a  reddish  grey  or  brown.  Smell  like 
thaX  of  Lactarim  theio^atas.  Spores  ovate,  shortly  pedicellate,  with  an  ab- 
rupt, elongated,  sometimes  irregular  apex;  in  general  smooth  and  trans- 
parent, and  containing  2-3  nuclei,  but  sometimes  slightly  rugose,  though  by 
no  means  opaque,  as  in  H.  citrimis,  from  which  it  ir.ay  be  known  by  its  red- 
dish substance,  larger  cells,  more  transparent,  paler  and  smoother  spores, 
which  are  frequently  more  abruptly  acuminate. — 21.  J.  B. 

1061.  Hymenogaster  tenei.     Berk.     "  Thin  Hymenogaster." 

Small,  globose,  soft,  white,  silky  ;  substance  pale  pink,  then 
greyish-umber  ;  sterile  base  consjDicuous,  white  ;  sjDores  broadly 
elliptic,  with  a  papillary  apex,  minutely  warty. — Berk.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  297.  Berk.  Outl.p.  296.  H.  lilacimis,  Berk.  exs.  no.  305.  Tul. 
Hyp.  t.i.f.  4.,  1. 10,  f.  1. 

In  woods.     Spring  and  summer.     West  of  England. 

About  the  size  of  a  bean  or  large  hazel-nut ;  globose,  soft  and  tender, 
wliite  and  silky  externally  ;  peridium  thin,  at  length  dingy,  at  first  white 
within,  but  soon  acquiring  a  delicate  pink  tinge,  which,  as  the  spores  ripen, 
changes  to  an  umber  grey.  Absorbing  base  white,  very  distinct ;  cells  looser 
than  in  II.  olivaceus  ;  spores  much  smaller  than  in  the  neighbouring  species, 
broad,  elliptic,  with  a  minute  papilla,  never  acuminate,  minutely  verrucose. 
Smell  like  that  of  Lact.theioyalas. — M.J.B.  This  is  one  of  the  most  distinct 
species,  characterised  by  its  small,  widely  elliptic,  or  subglobose  spores. 
Spores  -016- -019  mm.  long,  •0096--0105  mm.  broad  (•0005--U(.U6  X  -00035- 
■0004  in.).  (Fig.  107,  fun>jus  and  section.) 

1062.  Hymenogaster  Th-waitesii.     B.<^'Br.     "  Thwaites's 

Hymenogaster." 

Small,  globose,  firm,  dirty  white,  here  and  there  stained  ;  sub- 
stance brown  ;  spores  globose,  rather  rough,  papillary. — B.  4'Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  xviii.;:*.  75.  Bei^h.  Outl.p.  297.   Tul.  Hyp.  1. 10,/.  11. 


HTPOG^I. 


363 


In  woods.     Rare.     Near  Bristol. 

The  spores  are  far  more  o-lobose  than  in  any  other  species,  and  are  either 
quite  obtuse  or  minutely  apiculate.  The  inner  membrane  of  the  spores  often 
contracts,  so  as  to  present  a  very  singular  appearance.  A  few  elongated 
spores  are  mixed  with  them,  but  the  normal  form  is  globose.  They  are 
larger  than  in  H.  teaer,  bub  smaller  than  in  H.  decorus. 


1063. 


Hymenogaster  pusillus. 

Hymenogaster.' 


B,  4^  Br.     "  Little 


Yerj  small, obovate  or  subdepressed,  white;  sterile  base  large; 
substance  dirty  white  ;  cells  large ;  spores  pallid-rubiginous, 
short,  broadly-elliptic,  with  a  papillary  apex,  at  length  smooth. 
— B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.  H.xy'ni. p.  7 6,  no.  5.    Tul.Hyp.p.  73. 

On  mossy  ground  in  woods.     Eushton.     Norths. 

About  2  lines  high,  obovate  or  somewhat  depressed,  pure  white,  yellowish 
brown  when  dry,  and  then  resembling  strongly  Sderotarrii(:oiiijjlaiiafuin,  nearly 
smooth  ;  dirty  white  within,  furnished  with  a  large,  distinct,  absorbing  base. 
Cavities  of  the  hymenium  large  for  the  size  of  the  fungus,  clothed  sparingly 
with  the  rast-coloured  spores.  Sporophores  elavatCj  frequently  forked  or 
irregular,  having  two  spores  on  rather  long  spicules.  Sf^ores  short,  minute, 
broadly  elliptic,  at  first  smooth,  at  length  rather  rough,  obtuselv  apiculate. 
—M.J.B.  Spores  •01o--Ul6  mm.  long,  -0096  mm.  broad  (•UU04--0005  X 
•00035  in.). 


Fairy-ring  Champignon. 
Marasmius  oreades. 


364 


PHALLOIDEI. 


Order  VIII.     PHALLOIDEI. 

Volva  universal,  the  intermediate  stratum  gelatinous.      Hy- 
menium  deliquescent. — Berk.  Outl.p.  297. 

Pileus  perforate,  free Phalms. 

Pileus  imperforate,  adnata _.     .     Cynophallus. 

Eeceptacle  forming  an  07ate  or  globose  network     .     Clathrus. 


Gen.  63. 


FHAIiLVS,  Linn. 


Pileus  perforated  at  the  apex,  free  all  round, 
reticulate.     Veil  none.  {^^9-  108-) 


Fig.  108. 


1064. 


Phallus  impudicus.     Linn.     "  Common  Stinkhorn ." 


Pileus  conical,  reticulated  ;  margin  of  the  reticulations  nearly 
entire  ;  stem  white,  naked. — Berk.  Outl.p.  297,  t.  20,  f.  3.  Gi^ev. 
t.  213.  Harz.  t.  65,  66.  Mich.  t.  83.  Bail.  t.  25.  Ft.  Dan.  t.  175. 
.Sc/z«'/.^.  196-198.  Bull.t.lS2.  Bolt.  t.  92.  Nees.f.26d.  Fckl. 
exs.  no.  1270.  Smith,  P.M.f.  31.  Paij.f.  551,  560.  Corda.  v.f.  50. 
Eug.  Fl.  V. ;?.  226.    Bisch.f.  3330.     Phallus  fcetidus,  Sow.  t.  329. 

In  woods,  &c.     Common.     Very  foetid.     [United  States.] 

Uterus  about  as  large  as  a  hen's  egg,  consisting  of  two  coats  distended 
with  jelly,  besides  which  there  is  another  delicate  membrane  immediately 
surrounding  the  pileus.  Stem  rapidly  elongated,  when  full  grown  6-8  in. 
high,  1  in.  thick,  hollow  at  first,  closed  at  the  apex,  at  length  pierced.— 
^,ig,  FL  (Fig.  108,  reduced.) 


PHALLOIDEI. 


365 


1065. 


Phallus  iosxnos.    BerTi.    "Toothed  Phallus 


Pale  reddish  grey ;  pileiis  conical,  reticulated,  borders  of  the 
reticulations  stronglv  toothed. — BerJ:.  Outl.  p.  298.  Curt.  Brit. 
Ent.  X.  t.  469.    Eng^Fl.  \.p.  227. 

Sandhills.    Lowestoft. 

Scent  sometliing  like  violets  at  a  distancej  but  very  offensive  when  the 
plant  is  dried.  —  Curt. 


Gen.  64. 


CYNOFHALLUS,  Fr. 


h\f 


Pileus  adnate,  imperforate,  uneven. 
Veil  none. — Fr.  S.  M.  ii.  p.  284.  Berk. 
Outl.  p.  298.  (Fiff.  109.) 

This  genns  differs  from  Phallus  in  the  ad- 
nate and  imperforate  pileus,  as  well  as  in 
some  other  points. 


Fig.  109. 

1066.         Cynophallus  caninus.     Fr.     "  Common  Cynoph alius." 

Pileus  continuous  with  stem,  ovate,  tuberculose,  impervious, 
reddish.— Cwr^.  t.  235.  Schceff.  t.  330.  FL  Dan.  t.  1259.  Sow.  t. 
330.  Xees.f.2G0.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.227.  Bisch.  3336. 

Amongst  decayed  leaves  in  woods.     Local. 

Uterus  about  the  size  of  a  hazel  nut ;  stem  hollow,  very  pale  orange  ; 
pileus  covered  with  green  scentless  mucus,  beneath  which  it  is  red  and 
wrinkled. — Eng.Fl.  (Fig.  109,  reduced.) 


Gen.  65. 


Fig.  110. 


CLATHRUS,  Mich. 


Ptem  none.  Receptacle  forming  an 
ovate  or  globose  network ;  branches  of 
the  network  cellular  within. — Fr.  S.  M. 
ii.w.  287.  Berk.  Outl. p.  2dS. 

{Fig.  110.) 


R  3 


366  TRICHOGASTRES. 

1067.         Clathrus  cancellatus.     Linn.     "  Latticed  Stinkhorn." 

Obovate,  branches  obliquely  anastomosing,  cancellate. — Fr. 
S.M.\\.p.2m.  Ann.N.H.no.dO^.  HussA.t.SG.  Battt.  2,f.E. 
Paij.f.DDQ-bbd.  3Iich.t.9d.  Nees.f.201.  BuU.t.Ul.  Tourn.t. 
329,/:B.var.  Cooke,  B.  F.t.  20.  Corda.  Y.f.  4.d.  Bisch.  f.  3Q38. 
Bail.  t.  23.    Babh.  F.  E.  no.  35. 

In  woods.  Rare.  Isle  of  Wight,  Devonshire,  Lyme  Regis, 
South  of  Ireland,  &c.  [Georgia,  U.S.] 

Very  beautiful,  but  extremely  foetid.     Brandies  reserobliug'  sealing-wax, 
covered  here  and  there  -with  an  olive  sporiferous  mass.  — J/.  /.  B. 

(Fig.  110,  redvxed.) 


Order  IX.     TRIG  HO  GA  STRES. 

Peridium  single  or  double.  Hymenium  at  length  drying  up 
into  a  dusty  mass  of  threads  and  spores. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  7;.  3.  Berk. 
Outl.  p.  2d8. 

Stalked - 

Eeceptacle  pileiform ;  volva  universal     .     .     .    Batarrea. 
Receptacle  subglobose,  peridium   thin,  outer 

coat  separating Tulostoma. 

Kot  stalked  — 

Peridium  thin  — 

Persistent,  bark  shelling  off ;  no  sterile 

base Bovista. 

Vanishing  above,  bark  becoming  warty , 

with  sterile  base Lycopey-don. 

Peridium  firm,  central  mass  veined.     Spores 

large,  granulated Scleroderma. 

Peridium  rigid,    enclosing  distinct  cells  filled 

with  peridiola Polysaccum. 

Peridium  carbonaceous,  at  length  hollow    .     .     Cenococcuvu 
Peridium  double,  outer  one  splitting  in  stellate 

lobes Geaster. 


TEICHOGASTEES. 


367 


Gen.  66 


BATARREA,  Pers. 


Yolva  universal,  central  stratum  gela- 
tinous. Receptacle  pileiform,  bursting 
through  the  volva,  seated  at  the  top  of  a 
tall  stem. — Berk.  Outl.p.  299. 

{Fig.  III.) 


Fig.  111. 


1068. 


Batanrea  phalloides.     P,     "  Scarce  Batarrea." 


Stem  equal.  Spores  brownish. — i^r.  >S'.il/.  iii./>.  7.  Woodw. 
Phil.  Trans,  v.  14.,p.  423,  t.  2^:>.  Ann.  X.H.  no.  303.  Smith.  Spic. 
It. 12.  Sow.t.^'dO.  Pers.Si/n.t.3,f.l.  Nees.f.2ol.  Eng.Fl. 
Y.p.  298.  Hook.Journ.l^4.^.t.22,f.l.Bisch.f.^4.m.  Corda. 
Anl.  t.  E.f.  50,  no.  4-6. 

On  sandhills,  or  hollows  of  old  trees.  Eare.  Xew  Brighton. 
Dropmore. 

Whole  plant  more  or  less  of  a  brown  hue.  Exterior  volva  ovate,  fleshy, 
dirty-white,  inclining  to  brown,  buried  6-8  in.  in  the  sand,  with  a  few  dirty- 
white  floccose  hairs  at  the  base,  middle  volva  much  thinner,  and  almost 
membranaceous,  connected  with  the  outer  by  mucilage,  smooth  within  :  inner 
volva  internally  villous,  covered  with  very  abundant  yellow-brown  dust-like 
seed ;  externally  concave  and  smooth.  Stem  formed  within  the  cavity  of  the 
interior  volva,  cylindric,  straight,  short,  fleshy,  filled  with  mucilage,  but 
afterwards  elongated  upwards  with  wonderful  force  and  quickness,  and  pro- 
truded through  the  soil,  carrying  with  it  almost  the  whole  inner  volva.  ad- 
nate  with  its  apex,  and  covered,  with  a  portion  of  the  outer  coat  torn  ofi",  in 
the  same  manner.  Immediately  after  maturity  it  becomes  dry,  as  also  the 
volva ;  tubular  within,  and  externally  fibrous,  and  remains  a  long  time 
bleached  and  tossed  about  by  wind  and  rain. — Smith.     (Fig.  Ill,  reduced.) 


368 


TRICHOGASTRES. 


Gen.  67. 


TULOSTOMA,  Pers. 


Peridium  thin,  papyraceous,  the  outer  coat 
separating,  distinct  from  the  elongated  stem. 
—Fr.  S.M.  ill. p.  41.    Berk.  Outl.p.  299. 

{Fig.  112.) 


Fig.  112. 


1069. 


Tulostoma  maxmnosuxn.     Fi\     "Nippled  Tulostoma." 


Stem  equal,  subsquamose,  mouth  of  peridium  prominent, 
mammcTform,  entire. — F?\  S.M.  iiLp.  42.  Eai/.  Syn.p.  27.  Tourn. 
t.331J.E.F.  BulLt.2d4.,4:71,f.2.  Sow.t.AOQ.  Nees.f.130. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  1740,/.  1.  Cliev.  t.  10./.  1.  Fckl.  exs.no.  1268.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.306.  Pa?/./.  40,  42.  ^iscA./.  3609,  3610.  Kl.exs.no. 
111. 

On  old  walls,  amongst  moss.     Local.     [United  States.] 

It  varies  with  a  smootli  and  nearly  solid  stem,  or  subsquamose,  Trith  a 
central  pith.  A  vertical  section  sliows  a  groove  round  the  top  of  the  stem, 
and  a  cavity  towards  the  top  of  the  peridium,  in  consequence  of  the  flocci 
being  shorter  above.     Spores  bright  ferruginous. — M.J.B.      (Fig.  112.) 


Gen.  68. 


GEASTER,  Mich. 


Peridium  double,  outer 
distinct,  persistent,  burst- 
ing, and  dividing  into  several 
stellite  lobes. — Fr.  S.3I.in. 
p.^.  Berk.  Outl.p. 299. 
(Fig.  113.; 

In  one  species  the  inner  per- 
idium is  supported  by  several 
stems,  and  the  orifices  are  numer- 
ous. This  has  led  to  its  removal 
by  some  mycologists  from  this 
to  a  new  genus.  We  prefer  to  retain  it  as  a  sub  genus.  In  the  rest  the 
orifice  and  support  is  single.    None  of  the  species  are  common. 


Fig.  113. 


TEICHOGASTEES.  369 

Suh.-Gen.  1.     Myriostoma — Orifices  and  peduncles  numerous. 

1070.  Geaster  coliforxnis.     P.     "  Cullender  Star  Puff-ball." 

Outer  peridium  multifid,  expanded,  inner  supported  bj  many 
short,  slender  stems;  apertures  numerous,  ciliated. — Pers.  Syn. 
j9.  131.  i^r.  >S'. J/,  iii.;:*.  12.  Raij.  Syn.\i\.p.'21 .  Dwks.t.  3.f.  4:. 
Sow.  t.  313.  Ung.Fl.Y.p.2'dd. 

On  the  ground.     Local.     Norfolk.    Suffolk. 

Eemarkable  for  its  numerous  peduncles  and  orifices.  The  peduncles  are 
compressed,  somewhat  branched,  and  appear  to  bear  a  definite  relation  to 
the  number  of  orifices. — M.  J.  B. 

Sub. -Gen.  2.     Genuina — Orifice  and  peduncle  single. 

1071.  Geaster  foinicatus.     Fr.     "  Vaulting  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  subquadrifid,  separating  into  two  coats,  con- 
nected at  the  tips  of  the  divisions,  and  vaulted;  mouth  conical, 
plicato-sulcate. — Berk.  Outl.  p.2dd.  Fr.  S.M.  in.  2:>.1'2.  Phil. 
Trans,  xliii.  t.  2,/.  11,  12.  Blachst.  t.  2.  BiLvb.  v.  t.  28,/.  1,  2. 
Batt.t.3d,f.  1-4.  Bryant./.  15.  Sow.  ^.198.  Schcef.t.  183. 
Batsch.f.  168.  Sclimid.  t.  37.  Nees.f.  128.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  300. 
Fchl.  exs.  no.  1267.  Bisch.f.  3635.  Kl.  exs.  ii.  no.  140. 

On  the  ground  and  in  hollow  trees.        [United  States.] 

The  outer  coat  of  the  volva  remains  so  firmly  attached  to  the  ground  dur- 
ing the  expansion  of  the  plant  that  the  inner  separates,  and  is  inverted  and 
fixed  by  the  tips  of  its  stellate  lobes,  to  those  of  the  outer  coat. — Eag.Fl. 

1072.  Geaster  striatus.     B.C.     "  Striate  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  multifid,  simple,  expanded;  interior  subpecU- 
cellate  ;  mouth  prominent,  conical,  sulcate-striato. — Fr,  S.M.  iii. 
p.  13.  Mich.t.  100,/.  3.  Gled.t.  QJ.upper.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.  300. 
Kl.  exs.no.  173.  Fckl.  exs.no.  1264. 

Amongst  sand.     Great  Yarmouth.  [Cincinnati,  U.  S.] 

This  species  differs  from  G.  Ihnhatus  in  the  nature  of  the  orifice,  and  from 
G.  Bryantii  in  the  want  of  the  channel  round  the  top  of  the  stem. — Eiig.Fl. 

1073.  Geaster  Bryantii.     Berk.     "  Bryant's  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  coriaceous,  expanded,  multifid ;  inner  pedi- 
cellate, with  a  groove  round  the  top  of  the  peduncle  ;  mouth  sul- 
cato-plicate.-— 5eryl\  Outl.  p.  300.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  300.  Bryant,  f. 
19.  Schm.  Ic.  t.  37, f.  11-12.  Berk.  exs.  no.  198. 


370  TEICHOGASTRES. 

Under  yew  trees,  and  on  exposed  fen  banks. 

Distingnished  by  the  groove  round  the  top  of  the  peduncle  and  by  the 
elongated  plicate  mouth. 

1074.  Geaster  limbatus.     Fr,     "  Bordered  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  coriaceous,  expanded,  multifid;  interior  pedi- 
cellate ;  mouth  fimbriato-pilose,  depressed,  rather  acute. — Fr. 
S.M.  \\\.p.  15.  Soiv.  t.  312.  Huss.  i.  t.  2.  Ea?/.  Syn.  t.  i./.i.  Buxb. 
X.  t.  20./.  1.  Br?/ant.  f.  12,  13,  14, 16, 17.  Schmid.  t.  46.  Eng.Fl. 
v.j;.301.  i?/s6-A./.  363G,  3637.  FcJd.exs.no.Vo'd^. 

On  the  ground,  [Up.  Carolina.] 

The  inner  peridium  is  slightly  constricted,  and  then  swollen  at  the  base, 
without  any  groove  round  the  top  of  the  peduncle,  into  which  it  passes 
gradually. — Eag.  Fl. 

1075.  Geastex  fimbriatus.     Fr.     "  Fringed  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  multifid,  expanded,  flaccid  ;  interior  sessile ; 
mouth  indeterminate,  piloso-fimbriate. — Fr.  S.M.  Hi. p.  16.  Mich. 
i.  100,/.l.  Berk.  Outl.t.  20,  f.  4:.  Sow.  t.  SO.  Ann.  N.H.no.?jlS. 
Schmid.  t.  43-53,/.  1-3.  Berk.  exs.  no.  275,  209.  Pi-ahh.  F.E.  no. 
165.   Cooke,  exs.  no.  213.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1266. 

In  fir  plantations.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

The  mouth  is  fimbriate,  and  not  simply  toothed  as  in  G.  rufescens. 

1076.  Geaster  mammosus.     Chev.     "  Xippled  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  multipartite,  rigid,  hjgrometric;  lacinia^  equal ; 
interior  sessile  ;  mouth  ciliate,  acutely  conic  in  a  circular  disc. — 
Fr.  S.M. iii.p. 11.  Sow.  t.  ^01,  Mich.t.  100  J.  2>.  Bull.t.23S,f. 
f,g,h?  Eng.Fl. Y.p.SOl.  Jnn. N.H.no.  37d. 

On  the  ground.     Rare. 

This  species  is  extremely  rare.  The  Rev,  'M.  J.  Berkeley  writes—"  I  have 
seen  only  the  specimen  figured  by  Sowerby." 

1077.  Geaster  rufescens.         Fr.     "  Pieddish  Geaster," 

Outer  peridium  multifid,  at  length  revolute  ;  interior  sessile, 
naked;  mouth  dentate. — Fr.  S.3f.  in. p.  18.  Bocc.t.  305, /.  4. 
Buxh.ii.t.'i'dJ.d.  SchcEf.t.l82.  Bull.  t.  All,/.  1.  Fay./.  469. 
FL  Dan.  1. 1433.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  378. 

In  pastures.     Leicestershire.     Northamptonshire, 

[Carolina,  U,  S,] 

The  mouth  appears  to  be  irregularly  toothed  according  to  the  "  Outlines,'* 


TEICHOGASTEES. 


371 


1078.  Geaster  hygrometricus.     P.     "  Hard-coated  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  multipartite,  thick,  rigidly  inflexed  when  dry; 
inner  sessile,  sub-reticulate,  bursting  irregularly. — Fr.S.M.\\\. 
;9. 19.  3//cA.  ;^.  100,/.  4-6.  Gled.t.6.  Bull.  1. 138  (partli/),  f.  a-d. 
Schmid.  t.  27 ,  28.  Sow.t.AOl.  Nees.f.121.  Bolt.t.lld.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  341.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  302.  Bisch.  f.  3632.  FcJd.  exs,  no. 
1263. 

On  the  ground.     Rare.     Xear  Halifax.     [United  States.] 

Variable  in  size,  colour,  and  the  surface  of  the  inner  peridium,  which  ia 
sometimes  reticulated,  sometimes  nearly  smooth. — Eng.  Fl.  The  hard,  horny, 
outer  peridium,  and  scurfy  or  reticulate,  irregularly  bursting,  inner  peridium, 
readily  distinguish  this  species. — M. ./.  B. 

1079.  Geaster  lageniformis.      Vltt.     '•  Flask-like  Geaster." 

Outer  peridium  splitting  to  the  middle,  in  nearly  equal  acu- 
minate lacini^e,  inner  stratum  very  thick,  evanescent.  Inner 
peridium  sessile,  flaccid,  mouth  determinate,  piano-conic,  ciliato- 
fimbriate,  columella  rather  long,  clavate. —  Vitt.  Monog.Lycop. 
t.lj.2.  Pa?/6r./.  519,  520. 

On  the  ground. 

Specimens  were  exhibited  at  one  of  the  meetings  of  the  Horticultural 
Society  of  London.  (Fig.  113,  redvxed.) 


Gen.  69. 


BOVISTA,  Dill. 


Peridium  papyraceous  (or  some- 
times corky),  persistent ;  bark  dis- 
tinct,continuous,  at  length  shelling 
off.  Capillitium  sub-compact,  equal, 
adnateto  the  peridium  on  all  sides  ; 
spores  pedicellate. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.j?. 

21.  BerJc.  Outlp.  301.     (Fij.  114.) 
Fig.  114. 

1080.  Bovista  nigrescens.     P.     •'  Blackish  Bovista." 

Subglobose,  peridium  papyraceous,  tough,  at  length  blackish- 
umber;  bark  even,  entirely  evanescent;  capillitium  dense, 
purple  brown,  as  well  as  the  spores. — Fr.  S.M.  iii. p.  23.  Berk. 
Outl.t.  20,  f.  5.  Bocc.t.  306,/.  2.  Bolt.  t.  118.  Batsch.  f.  116. 
Sow.  t.  331.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  302.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1884.  A7.  exs.  no. 
1410. 

In  pastures.     Common.  [United  States.] 

About  IJ  in.  broad. 


372 


TRICHOGASTRES. 


1081.  Bovista  pluznbea.     P.     "  Lead-coloured  Bovista." 

Globose,  peridium  papyraceous,  flexible,  lead-coloured,  bark 
subpersistent  at  the  base,  mouth  narrow,  ca]3illitium  and  spores 
brown.— Fr.  S.M.  \\.p.  24.  Mich.  t.  97./.  6.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  20.  f. 
6.  Built. m.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.^OI.  Pay. f. 20.  Corda.Ic.\.f.4.7 . 
Corda.  Anl.  t.  C.f.  36,  no.  3-6.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1262. 

In  pastures.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Generally  smaller  than  B.  nigrescens.  (Fig.  114.^ 

1082.  Bovista  axnmophila.     Lev.     "  Rooting  Bovista." 

Globoso-turbinate,  tomentose,  verruculose,  white  ;  mycelium 
cord  like,  rooting.  Spores  globose,  even,  olivaceous,  as  well  as 
the  delicate  capillitium, — Lev.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  ix.p.  129,  t.  9, 
/.  5.  B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  1033. 

On  the  side  of  a  wood.     Se^^t.     Denbighshire. 

Easily  recognised  by  the  long  cord-like  root,  and  olivaceous  spores. 


Gen.  70. 


LYCOPERDON,  Tourn. 


Peridium  membranaceous,  vanish- 
ing above,  or  becoming  flaccid  ;  bark 
adnate,  subpersistent ;  breaking  up 
into  scales  or  warts.  Capillitium 
soft,  dense,  adnate  to  the  peridium, 
and  sterile  base. — Fr.  S.M.  \\i.p.  27. 
Berk.  Outl. p.  301.       (Fig.  115.) 


Fig.  115. 
1083.         Lycoperdon  giganteum.     Bafsch.     "  Giant  Puff-Bail." 

Peridium  very  fragile  above,  and  obtuse,  cracking  into  areae, 
evanescent,  very  widely  open,  bark  floccose,  rather  distinct; 
capillitium  vanishing',  together  with  the  dingy-olive  spores.— 
Fr.S.M.Wlp.^Si.  &r^r.^.336.  Huss.i.t.26.  Bay.  Sijn.7io.4:,p. 
26  Scha^ff.  1. 191.  Bull.  t.  447.  Sv.  Bot.  t.  294.  Batsch.f.  165. 
F/.  Do/?,  i.  1920.  Soiv.t.332,npperJig.  Nees.f.124:,  C.  Eng.Fl. 
V.J9.303.  Smith,  E.M.f.2h.   Corda.Ic.Y.f.  AO. 

In  pastures.  Local.  Esculent  when  young.     [United  States.] 

Attaining  a  very  large  size;  peridium  soft  and  smooth    like  kid-leather 
when  young,  when  old  dingy  olive.    Employed  as  an  anaesthetic. 


TRICHOGASTEES,  373 

1084.  Lycoperdon  caelatum.    Fr.    "  Collapsing  PufE  Ball." 

Peridium  flaccid  aboye,  collapsing,  obtuse,  dehiscent  at  the 
apex,  at  length  oj)en,  cap-shaped  ;  sterile  stratum  cellulose  ;  inner 
peridium  distinct  all  round  ;  capillitium  nearly  free,  collapsing  ; 
spores  din2:y-yellow. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  32.  Fai/.  Syn.  iii.^;.  2Q,  no. 
3.  Vaill.t.lQJ.^.  /Sc^^/.  ^.  189,  190,  186.  Nees.f.Vlo.  Berk. 
Oiitl.  t.  20,/  7.  Huss.  ii.  t.  23.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  303.  Harz.  t.  74. 
Bisch.  f.  3604. 

In  pastures.     Common.  [Carolina.     Maine,  U.  S.] 

Remarkable  for  its  spongy,  blunt,  obconicbase,  cavity  above  sublenticular. 
In  consequence  of  the  simple  orifice  the  mass  of  flocci  and  spores  does  not 
fall  out  but  collapses,  until  by  decay  the  upper  part  of  the  fungus  is  ruptured. 
—i:ng.  Fl. 

1085.  Lycopezdon  atropurpureum.      Vitt.     "  Purple-spored 

Puff  Ball." 

Peridium  flaccid,  dingy-rufous,  opening  by  a  minute  obtuse 
mouth ;  bark  at  first  rough  "with  minute  spines  ;  sterile  base  cell- 
ular, continuous  "with  the  capillitium  ;  spores  largish,  pedicellate, 
bro"wn-purple,  echinulate. —  Vitt.  Lye.  t.  2,/.  6.  Berk.  Outl.p.  302. 
Sci.Gos.  1866,/.  252. 

On  do"wns.     West  of  England. 

Spores  echinulate  in  this  species,  and  in  L.  saccatum. 

1086.  Lycoperdon  pusillum.     Fr.     "  Little  Puff  Ball." 

Peridium  entirely  flaccid,  persistent,  obtuse  ;  mouth  always 
narro"wly  dehiscent  ;  bark  even,  then rimose "with  adpressed  scales; 
sterile  stratum  obsolete,  continuous  with  the  capillitium ;  spores 
olive.— i^r.^S'.i/. iii.;;.  33.  Bolt.  t.  117,  /.  C.  Mich.  t.  97,/  3. 
Schwff.t.294:.  Batsch.f.  228,  var.  Bull,  i.435,/.  2.  Eng.Fl.x.p. 
304.  Sci.  Gos.  1866,/ 255.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1635.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1261. 

In  pastures.  [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina.] 

A  small  species,  sometimes  not  larger  than  a  marble. 

1087.  Lycoperdon  saccatum.     VaU.     "  Elongated  Puff  Ball." 

Peridium  lens-shaped  or  rounded,  scurfy,  obtuse,  cracking  into 
are£e,  fugacious,  very  thin,  as  well  as  the  adnate  bark ;  capilli- 
tium compact,  persistent ;  spores  dingy-umber. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p. 
S6.Huss.lt.l4:.Bocc.t.dOQ,f.l.  Bisch. f.  360d.  Fl.  Dan.  t. 
1139.  Sci.Gos.lS6e,f.261.Ann.N.H.no.  210.  Cooke  exs.  no.2U. 

In  thickets  or  their  borders. 

Easily  known  by  the  plicate  folds  on  the  under  side  of  the  peridium. 
Spores  echinulate. 

S 


374 


TEICHOGASTEES. 


1088.  Lycoperdon  gemmatum.    Fr.     "  "Warted  Puff  Ball." 

Peridium  membranaceous,  persistent,  base  narrow,  opening 
with  an  umbonate  mouth ;  bark  farinaceous,  adnate,  covered  with 
sub-spinulose  warts  ;  fiocci  in  the  centre  forming  a  columella, 
persistent ;  spores  yellow  with  a  greenish  tinge. — Fr.  S.M.  iii. 
p.  36.  Bolt.  t.  117.  Huss.  i.  t.  54.  Vaill.  1. 12,  f.  15, 16.  Mich,  t 
97,/.  1.  Batt.  t.  31,  f.  4.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1120.  Bull.  t.  475,  B-E. 
Earz.  t.  27.  Chev.  1 10,  f.  2.  Schceff.  t.  184.  Fng.  FL  y.  p.  304. 
JSci.  Goss.  1866,/.  253.  Bisch.f.  3614. 

In  meadows,  &c.     Common.         [Cincinnati.     Maine,  U.  S.] 

Very  variable.    Mouth  prominent,  umbonate  from  tbe  club-sbaped  colum- 
ella ;  spores  small  and  smooth. 

1089.  Lycopeidon  pyriforme.    Schcp.ff.    "  Pear-shaped  Puff  Ball." 

Peridium  membranaceous,  persistent,  subpyriform,  opening 
with  an  umbonate  mouth  ;  bark  innate,  covered  with  very  thin 
fugacious  squamules,  columella  conical ;  spores  greenish-yellow. 
— Fr.S.M.  iii.  79.  39.  Ray.  Syn.ui.  p.  19,  no.  7.  Huss.  i.  t.  70. 
Grev.  t.  304.  Sclmff.  t.  189.  Bull.  t.  32,  &t.  435,/.  3.  Fl.  Dan. 
t  1680,/  1.  Eng.Fl.  y.  p.  304.  .S'a.  6^055.1866,/  254.  Cooke, 
exs.  no.  215.  Fckl.  exs.no.  1260. 

On  decayed  stumps.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Generally  much  tufted.    Eoot  white,  branched,  creeping  ;  columella  coni- 
cal ;  spores  small  and  smooth.  (Fi^.  115.^ 


Gen.  71. 


SCLERODERMA,  P. 


Peridium  firm,  with  an  innate 
bark,  bursting  irregularly ;  flocci 
adhering  on  all  sides  to  the  peri- 
dium, and  forming  distinct  veins 
in  the  central  mass  ;  spores  large, 
granulated. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  303. 
Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  305. 

(Fig.  116.) 


Fig.  116. 
1090.        Scleroderma  vulgare.    Fr.    "Common  Scleroderma." 

Subsessile,  irregular  ;  peridium  corky,  hard,  dehiscing  indefi- 
nitely;  inner  mass  bluish-black  ;  spores  dingy. — Fr.  S.M.  in.  p. 


TEICHOGASTRES. 


375 


46.  HussA.t.  17.  Fl.Dan.t.l969,f.2.  Vaillt.lQ.f.8.  Bolt.t. 
116.  Bull.  t. 270.  Sow.t.2GS.  Enj. Fl.y. p.  oOo.  BerJc.Outlt. 
15,/.  4.  Fai/.f.oOQ.  5c/m2.  ^.14,/.  46-48.  Tuber  so  Mum,  With. 
Hi.  p.  459.  Fcld.  exs.  no.  1253. 

On  borders  of  woods.     Common.  [Maine,  U.  S.] 

The  larger  form  is  generally  of  a  yellowish  hue,  with  the  surface  warty, 
or  covered  with  squarrose  scales,  the  smaller  quite  sessile,  minutely  warty, 
and  of  a  bright  brown.  The  spores  are  collected  into  little  heaps  separated 
by  a  few  greyish  flocci. — Eng.  Fl.  (Fig.  116.^ 


1091. 


Sclexoderma  bovista.    Fr.     "Thin-coated  Scleroderma." 


Subsessile,  irregular ;  peridium  thin,  soft,  dehiscing  irregu- 
larly ;  bark  sub-seceding ;  flocci  yellow ;  spores  dingy  olive. — 
Fr.S.M.m.p.4.8.  Mich.  t.dd,f.  2.  Batsch.f. 22d.  Eng.Fl.Y. 
p.  306. 

On  sandy  ground.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Known  by  its  thinner  peridium,  and  yellow  flocci. — J/.  /.  B. 

1092.        Scleroderma  verrucosum.    Pers.    "Warty  Scleroderma." 

Substipitate  ;  peridium  rounded,  subverrucose,  thin  above  and 
fragile  ;  inner  mass  purplish-black ;  flocci  and  spores  brown. — 
Fr.  iS'.J/.iii.i?.  49.  Grev.t.4.8.  Huss.i.  t.  17.  Bocc.t.  305,/.  2. 
Schceff.  t.  188.  Vaill.  1. 16,  /.  7.  Mich.  t.  99,  /.  3.  Bull.  t.  24. 
Sow.  t.  311.  Nees.f.  123.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  306.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1254. 

On  sandy  ground.  [United  States.] 

Stem  thick,  lacunose.     Care  must  be  taken  not  to  confound  this  with  sti- 
pitate  forms  of  the  foregoing.— Jf.  /.  B. 


Gen.  72. 


POLYSACCUM,  B.C. 


Common  peridiimi  simple,  rigid, 
bursting  irregularly  ;  internal  mass 
divided  into  distinct  cells,  filled  with 
peridiola;  spores  mixed  with  the 
threads. — Berk.  Outl.p.  304.  Eng, 
FLy.p.  306.  {Fig.  117.) 


Fig.  117. 


376 


TRICIIOGASTRES. 


1093.  Polysaccum  olivaceum.    Fr.    "  Olive  Polysaccum." 

Peridiiim  ronndisli,  olive,  as  well  as  the  regular,  minute 
peridioli ;  stem  short,  abrupt,  almost  rootless. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  |?. 
54.  Sow.  t.  425,  a.  b.  Berk.  Outl.p.  304. 

On  the  ground.     Very  rare. 

It  is  so  extremely  rare  that  neither  the  Eev.  M.  J.  Berkeley  nor  ourselves 
have  seen  a  single  specimen.  An  allied  species  is  found  in  Lower  Carolina, 
U.  S.  (Fij.  117.; 


Gen.  73. 


CENOCOCCUWI,  Fr. 


Peridium  naked,  thick,  carbonaceous,  inde- 
hiscent,  at  length  hollow,  with  the  walls  dotted 
with  dust-like  spores. — BerJ:.  Out!,  p.  304. 
Eng.FlY.p.^01.  [Fig.  118.) 


Fig.  118. 


1094.         Ccnococcuzn.  geophilum.     Fr.     "  Ground  Cenococcum." 

Black,  even,  within  of  the  same  colour,  or  dark  brown;  spores 
subspherical,  blackish,  even  (or  sometimes  reticulated?). — Fr. 
S.M.  111.  p.  22^.  Tul.  Hyp.t.2\,f.  S.  Lycoperdon  graniforme, 
Sow.  t.  210.  Desm.  exs.  no.1021.  Bisch.  f.  3686.  Act.  Turin. 
1843,  v.  t.  3,/.  5.  FcU.  exs.  no.  1072. 

In  woods  where  the  soil  is  peaty.     Common. 

About  the  size  of  a  vetch.    Scattered  upon  the  ground  without  any  root. 

(Fig.  118.; 


-7^**^ 


MTXOGASTEES. 


377 


Order  X.     MYXOGASTRES. 


At  first  pulpy,  at  length  filled  with  flocci  and  dust-like  spores. 
— Berk.  Outl.p.  304. 

Whole  plant  at  first  gelatinong.  Mycelium  often  vein  like,  forming  re- 
ticulated or  anastomosing  strata,  but  sometimes  diflfusej  giving  rise  to  sessile 
or  stipitate,  free  or  confluent  pendia,  consisting  of  one  or  more  membranes, 
inclosing,  when  mature,  a  dry  mass  of  threads  or  plates,  and  spores ;  at 
length  often  bursting.  Threads  of  various  structurej  sometimes  containing 
one  or  more  spirals. — Berk.  Iiitrod.  p.  335. 


Large,  sessile,  more  or  less  indeterminate. 

Peridium  double,  externally  warty  or  mealy. 
Peridium  single. 

Externally  naked,  fugitive        .... 

Externally  floccose    ...... 

Peridium  crustaceous. 

Spores  surrounded  by  membranous  folds 

Peridium  thick,  fleshy 

Small,  sometimes  stalked,  determinate. 
Threads  not  a  prominent  feature. 
Spores  free. 

Peridium  double,  external  smooth    . 
Peridium  simple. 

Bursting  irregularly. 

Scaly  or  floccose       .... 
Naked,  smooth        .... 
Bursting  longitudinally 
Spores  in  groups. 

Peridium  naked,  or  mealy 
Threads  congested. 

Peridium  cup  shaped,  operculate      .         , 
Threads  prominent,  at  length  more  or  less  exposed. 
Peridium  delicate,  evanescent. 

Threads  springing  from  columella  . 

Threads  springing  from  stem 
Threads  dependent  from  disc 
Peridium  veined  from  innate  capillitium 
Peridium  persistent  below. 
Capillitium  netted,  free  above 
Capillitium  elastic,  banded  or  nodulose 
Peridium  bursting  irregularly. 

Threads  free,  spiral         .... 
Peridum  bursting  longitudinally. 

Threads  of  two  kinds      .... 
Peridium  splitting  horizontally. 

Threads  few 

Threads  obsolete. 

Peridium  membranaceous. 

Bursting  irregularly       .... 
Splitting  horizontally    .... 


Lycogala. 

HeticvJ.aria. 
jEthaliunu 

Simmaria. 
Ptychogaster. 


Diderma. 

Dvlymium,, 
Physarura. 
Angioridium, 

Badhamia. 

Craterium. 

Diachoea. 
Steraonitis. 
Enerthenerruu 
Dictydium. 

CHhra-fia. 
Arcyria. 

Trichia. 

Ophiotheca. 

Perichcena. 


Licta. 
Phdoiiitii, 


378 


MTXOGASTEES. 


Gen.  74. 


LYCOGALA,   Mich. 


Fig  119. 


Peridium  composed  of  a 
double  membrane,  papyra- 
ceous, persistent,  bursting 
irregularly  at  tlie  apex,  ex- 
ternally warty,  or  furfura- 
ceous.  Flocci  delicate,  ad- 
nate  to  the  peridium. — Berk. 
Outl.  p,  305.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p. 
307.  (Fig.Ud.) 

1095.         Lycogala  epidendrum.     Fr.     "  Stump  Lycogala." 

Sub-globose,  blood- red  then  brownish,  punctato-scabrous, 
mouth  irregular,  spores  becoming  pale. — Fi\  ^.M.  iii.p.  80.  Fl 
Fan.  t.  720,  t.  2086,/.  2.  Bolt.  t.  119,/.  1.  FcJcL  exs.  no.  1475 
BvU.  t.  503.  Sow.  t.  52.  Holms  Alt.  31.  Buxh.  x.  t.  29,  f.  2.  3Fch 
t.9b.  Jacq.Misc.t.l.  Schceff.t.  193.  Nees.f.  97 ,  96.  Grev.t.38 
Movg.  exs.  no.  85.  Eng.  Fl.  v.p.  307.  Corda.  Ic.  x.f.  40.  Bisch.f. 
3673.  Kl.exs.no.9Z3. 

On  rotten  stumps.     Common.  [Cincinnati,  U.  S.] 

Varyirg  nmch  in  colour  and  size,  and  the  Lue  of  the  sporidia.  The  sur- 
face is  rough  with  dot-like  scurfy  ■warts,  and  changes  colour  sooner  than  the 
pulpy  mass  within,  -n-hich  is  often  of  the  finest  scarlet,  and  oozes  out  in  large 
drops  if  the  peridium  is  injured. — Eng  Fl.    (Fig   119.) 

10S6.  Lycogala  pazietinuxn.     Fr.    "  Paper  Lycogala." 

Hemispherical,  punctate,  bluish-black,  lacero-dehiscent; 
spores  yellow. — i^r. /S'.il/.iii.^.  83.  Schrad.  t.  Q^f.l.  Pers.  Ic. 
Pict.  t.  3,/  4-5.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  381. 

On  damp  paper,  basket  work,  &c.     King's  Cliffe. 


Gen.  75. 


RETICULARIA,  Bull. 

Peridium  inde- 
terminate, simple, 
thin,  naked,  burst- 
ing irregularly , fugi- 
tive. Flocci  attached 
to  the  peridium,  flat, 
branched,  subrctic- 
ulate. — BerJc.  Outl. 
p.  305.  Eng.Fl.Y. 
Fig.  120.  ^.308.    (Fig.  120.) 


MTX0GASTEE3. 


379 


1097.  Reticularia  maxima.     Fi\     '■' Large  Eeticularia." 

Hvpotliallus  effused,  peridium  very  thin,  tiiberciilose,  Tvliite, 
then  blackish-purple,  flocci  fasciculate,  adnate  to  the  base,  spores 
black-purple. — Fr.  S.M.  \\\.'p.  85.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  308.  Corda.  Ic. 
Yi./.  35.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1473. 

On  trunks  of  felled  trees.  [United  States.] 

1098.  Reticulaxia  applanata.  B.S^Br.   "  Flattened  Reticularia." 

Effused,  delicate,  olivaceous-brown,  spores  oliye,  echinulate. — 
B.  ^  Br.  Ann.N.H,  (1866;,  no.  1142,  t.  2,/.  3. 

On  fallen  trunk,  the  surface  of  which  had  been  charred.  Nov. 
Ascot. 

Resembling  in  habit  Licea  applo/aafri.  Surface  reticulated,  as  in  R.  maxima. 
Spores  4-7  in.  a  fascicle,  connate,  echinulate,  '0005  in.  diameter. — B.  d:  Br. 

1099.  Reticularia  atra.     Fr.     "  Black  Reticularia." 

Sub-pulvinate,  peridium  very  thin,  subreticulate,  flocci  erect 
from  the  base,  dendroid,  divaricate,  black,  as  well  as  the  mature 
spores, — Fr.  S.M.  \\i.p.  86.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  308.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1748. 
A.  ^  S.  t.  3,f.  3.  Lycop.fuliginosum,  Sow.  t.  257. 

On  wood  and  bark  of  felled  pines.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

1100.  Reticularia  umbrina.     Fr.     '' Umber  Reticularia." 

Subpulvinate,  peridium  very  thin,  nearly  even,  silvery,  then 
umber,  flocci  adnate  to  the  base,  erect,  branched,  umber  as  well 
as  the  spores. — Fr.  S.M.  in. p.  87.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1976,/.  2.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  308.  Mich.  t.  95./.  1.  Gled.  t.  6.  Bolt.  1. 133,/.  2.  Bull. 
t.  446./.  4,  t.  476,  /.  1-3.  Sow.  f.  272.  Grev.  t.l06.  Sturm,  t.  38. 
Nees.f.  95.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  20,  f.  8. 

On  stumps,  &c.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Wlien  growing  on  a  horizontal  surface  sometimes-  several  inches  broad  ; 
peridium  before  bursting  of  a  beautiful  silvery  umber,  passing  beneath  the 
mass  of  spores,  and  in  favourable  circumstances  entirely  separable  from 
the  matrix.  From  the  base  spring  the  compressed,  branched,  reticulated 
flocci,  which  are  umber,  like  the  spores,  but  shine  with  a  golden  or  bronze- 
like lustre.— En;^.  Fl.  (Fig.  120.) 

Gen.  76.  i^THALIUM,  Link. 

Peridium  indetermi- 
nate, externally  covered 
by  a  floccose  evanescent 
bark,  cellular  within  from 
the  confluent  interwoven 
flocci. — Berk.  Outl.  p. 
306.  Eng.Fl.Y.2).S09. 
Hg.  121.  ^  (Fig.  121.  J 


380 


MYXOGASTEES. 


1101. 


JEthalium  septicum.     Fr,    "  "Wood  ^thaliiim" 


Variously  coloured,  effused,  external  bark  yellow,  thin,  de- 
ciduous ;  internal  mass  compact,  black. — Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  309. 
Fuligo  violacea^  Pers.  Ic.  Pict.  t.  i.-,  ]).  1.  Pers.  Syn.  p.  161. 
Bisch.f.  3631.  Schuzl.  1. 15,/.  57-58.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1027. 

In  woods,  on  various  substances.  [United  States.] 

{Fiff.  121.) 

1102.  JEthalium  vaporarium.    Fr.     "  Stove  Ji^thalium." 

Yellow,  effused,  in  irregular  masses  ;  spores  at  length  black. 
^Pers.  Syn.p.  161.  Nee8.L  8,/.  92.  SdKP.ff.  1. 192.  Jacq.  Misc. 
V.  t.  8.  Mich.  t.  96,/.  2.  Rahh.F.E.  no.  81.  Fckl.  exs.no.  1472. 
Bolt.t.  134.  Bull.  t.  380,/  1,  t.  424.  Sow.  t.  399,  /  1.  Grev.  t. 
272.   Gard.  Chron.  (1860),  p.  409,  with  Jig.    Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  309 

In  stoves,  on  bark.  [United  States.] 

This  species  is  always  yellow,  and  is  a  great  nuisance  in  hot-houses.  The 
two  species  have  long  been  confounded  together,  but  Fries  and  Mr.  Berkeley 
appear  to  be  of  opinion  now  that  they  are  distinct,  although  the  specific  dis- 
tinctions have  not  been  well  defined. 


Gen.  77. 


SFUMARIA,  Fr. 


Peridium  indeterminate,  simple, 
crustaceous,  tlocculoso-cellular.  Spores 
surrounded  by  membranaceous,  as- 
cending, often  sinuous  folds. — Berk. 
Outl.p.306.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.SOd. 

{Fig.  122.) 


Fig.  122. 
1103.  Spumaria  alba.    D.C.    **  White  Spumaria." 

Effused,  whitish,  the  internal  plicate  membrane  branched  in  a 
honi-like  manner. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.p.  95.  Bot.  Zeit.  1848,  t.  5,  /  1- 
Q.  Fckl.exs.no.U71.  Batt.t.  AO,f.  G.II.  Bull.  t.  326.  Nees.f. 
94.  Grev.  t.  267.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1978,  /  1.  £"72^.  Fl.  i.p.  310.  Sow. 
t.  280.  Bisch.  f.  3630. 


MTXOGASTEES. 


381 


On  living  grass,  &c. 

In  its  young^  state  having  the  appearance  of  a  white  froth,  variable  in  size. 
At  this  period  it  is  quite  soft  and  pulpy,  but  in  a  few  days  it  becomes  of  a 
firmer  texture,  the  surface  begins  to  scale  oflF,  to  burst  in  the  centre,  and  to 
emit  a  vast  number  of  dark-coloured  globose  spores.  When  the  spores  have 
escaped,  they  are  found  to  have  been  contained  in  numerous  branched,  horn- 
like, nearly  erect,  membranaceous  folds,  resembling  irregular,  imperfect, 
diviiied  tubes. — Grev.  {Fig.  122.) 


Gen.   78. 


PTYCHOGASTER,  Ca. 


.A  '.. 


t' 
^ 


1104. 


Fig.  123. 
Ptychog aster  albus.     Corda. 


Peridium  thick,  fleshy, 
sub-stipitate,  lamelloso-cel- 
lulose  "within,  strata  irregu- 
lar fertile  and  sterile  mixed, 
cells  composed  of  congliiti- 
nated  flocci,  which  are  sim- 
ple and  flexuous.  Spores 
simple,  acrogenous. — Corda 
Ic. ii.jy.  24..      {Fig.  123.} 


"White  Ptychogaster." 

Peridium  rounded,  soft,  white,  peduncle  spurious,  cells  flex- 
uous, unec^ual ;  spores  ochrev-clay  colour,  very  minute,  ovoid, 
pellucid,  mixed  with  the  continuous  flocci. — B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
(1865),  710.  1038.  Corda.  Icon.  ii.,/.  90.  Corda.  AnI.t.  C.  f.o-i, 
no.  7-10. 

On  the  ground,  at  the  roots  of  firs.     Ahoyne,  &c. 

The  affinities  of  this  curious  plant  are  doubtful,  for  it  does  not  appear  to 
be  of  the  creamy  consistence  of  ^thaloxm  in  any  stage  of  growth.  We  have 
no  better  opinion,  however,  to  give  than  that  of  Corda.  Fries  seems  to  think 
that  it  is  a  degeneration  of  Polyporm  destructor. — B.  d:  Br.        {Fig.  123.) 


Gen.  79. 


DIDERMA,  P. 


Peridium  double,  external  dis- 
tinct, crustaceous,  smooth ;  in- 
ternal delicate,  evanescent,  at- 
tached to  the  straggling  flocci, 
with  or  without  a  columella. — 
Berk.  Outl.  p.  306.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p. 
310.  {Fig.  124.) 


Fig.  124. 


382  MTXOGASTEES. 

A.     Stipitate — stem  distinct. 

1105.  Diderxna  floriforxne.     P.     "  Flower-like  Diderma." 

Yellowish  or  -wliitisli  ;  stem  slender,  peridium  spherical,  split- 
ting in  a  stellate  manner,  reflexed  ;  columella  ob-conical ;  spores 
black-brown. — Pers.  Syii.p.  164.  Fr.  SJI.  iii.p.  99.  Bull  t.  371. 
E}ig.  Fl.  V.  p.  310. 

On  decaying  trunks,  &c.     Autumn.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Stems  springing  from  a  common  thickish  membrane. 

1106.  Didezxna  umbilicatuxn.     P,     "  Umbilicated  Diderma." 

Wliitish,  stem  obese,  peridium  sub-rotund,  umbilicate  beneath, 
split  into  laciniae,  at  length  patent ;  columella  rufescent ;  spores 
purplish-black. — Fr.  SJF  iii.p.  99.  Fl.Dan.  t.  Vdl2,f.  1.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.SlO. 

On  bark  of  trees,  &c.     Ajjpin. 

The  columella  is  very  large,  white  within,  resembling  strongly  the  nucleus 
of  Noematelki. — En(j.  Fl. 

1107.  Bidexxna    citzinuxn.      F^.      "  Lemon  Yellow 

Diderma." 

Lemon-yellow ;  stem  firm,  even ;  peridium  hemispherical, 
squamulose,  dehiscent ;  columella  spurious  ;  spores  black-brown. 
—Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  100.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1312,  /.  1.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  310. 

On  leaves  of  Sphagnum.     Aug. — Oct.     Inverary. 

Scattered,  each  plant  adhering  by  a  separate  membranaceous  base  ;  stem 
shortish,  thickest  below,  when  dry  tawny-yellow.  Peridium  brownish,  split- 
ting irregularly  in  a  stellate  manner,  covered  under  a  lens  with  minute 
roiindish  white  scattered  scales. — Eng.  Fl. 

B.     Stipntate. — stem  spurious,  somewhat  confluent. 

1108.  Dideirxna  vernicosum.     P.    "  Varnished  Diderma." 

Peridia  obovate,  external  thick,  bay- brown,  shining  ;  internal 
yellow  ;  stem  thread-like,  short,  lax  ;  spores  blackish. — Fr.  S.M. 
iii. j9. 102.  DicJcs.i.t.S.f.6.  Sow.t.lS6.  Fers.0bs.i.t.S,f.7.  Fl. 
Dan.  1. 1312,  f.  2.  Mees.f.  110.  G7ev.  t.  111.  Eng.  FI.y. p.  311. 
Kl.  exs.  no.  175. 

On  grass,  twigs,  moss,  &c.  [Carolina,  Maine,  U.S.] 

(Fig.  124,  clusternat.  size,  peridium  magnified.) 


MTXOGASTEES.  383 

1109.  Diderma  spumarioides.    Fr.     "  Effused  Diderma." 

Effused,  crustaceous,  cohering ;  peridia  subrotund,  or  irregu- 
lar ;  exterior  white  ;  interior  ash-colour,  often  confluent  in  a 
cellulose  crust,  columella  spurious,  white,  as  well  as  the  flocci ; 
sporesblack.— i^r.  ^S'.M.iii./?.  104:.  iWc/i.  ^.  96,/.  2.  BulLt.\=l\, 
/.2.  Sow.t.1^^.  Fl.  Dan.t.l^l^J.'2.    Eng.  Fl.Y.p.Ul. 

On  leaves,  moss,  &c. 

The  specimen  before  me  lias  obovate-oblong,  distinct  peridia,  stems  aris- 
ing from  the  hypothallus,  a  cylindrical  central  white  columella,  and  flocci 
of  the  same  colour,  mixed  with  the  spores.  The  stem  is  entirely  formed 
from  the  hypothallus  and  hyaline. — M.  J.  B. 

C .     Sessile. 

1110.  Diderma  lucidum.    B,^^Br.    "  Bright  Didenna." 

Subglobose,  sessile,  splitting  in  a  somewhat  stellate  manner, 
bright  reddish  yellow,  internally  yellow,  mass  of  fruit  globose, 
black ;  flocci  brown,  triangular  at  the  points  of  ramification,  and 
yellowish ;  spores  globose,  black,  very  minutely  echinulate. — 
B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  938, 1. 15,/.  9. 

On  Jungermannioe  and  moss. 

Scattered  or  crowdpd,  peridium  subglobose,  splitting  in  an  irregular  stel- 
late manner.  Spores  ('0005  in.)  "0125  ra.m.  diameter.  Smaller  than  D. 
vernicosum,  in  which  the  spores  are  incKned  to  be  angular,-  and  much  paler 
xmder  the  microscope. 

1111.  Diderma  Trevelyani.     Fr,     "  Trevelyan's  Diderma." 

Sessile,  ovate  or  globose  ;  outer  peridium  sjolitting  into  many 
regular,  linear,  subreflexed,  laciniae ;  inner  obsolete  ;  columella 
minute;  spores  black.  Fr.S.M.iii.p.lOo.  Grev.t.lo2.  Eng.Fl. 
v.i?.311. 

On  Bryum  ligulatum. 

In  specimens  communicated  to  Sowerby  by  Mr,  Trevelyan  there  is  a  very 
short,  but  distinct  cylindrical  stem,  the  peridium  at  first  appears  under  the 
lens  like  a  coriander  seed,  pale-brown,  with  pallid  striae,  which  indicate  the 
points  at  which  it  ^\dll  split,  and  perfectly  smooth.  Within  this  is  a  distinct 
white  inner  peridium,  lining  it  very  closely,  and  probably  in  general  break- 
ing off  with  it.    Flocci  greyish.   I  can  find  no  trace  of  a  columella. — J/.  J-  B 

1112.  Diderma  Cazmichaelianuxn.    BerTi,     "  Carmichaers 

Diderma." 

Perfectly  sessile,  outer  peridium  brick-red,  splitting  into  many 
revolute  rays,  inner  white,  intimately  connected  with  the  outer  ; 
columella  large,  spores  black-brown. — Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  34. 


384  MTXOGASTEES. 

On  moss.     Appin. 
The  columella  resembles  that  of  D.  timlj'dicatum. 

1113.  Diderma  nitens.     Klotsch.     "  Shining  Diderma." 

Applanato-sessile,  round,  hemisplierical,  c^espitose,  outer  peri- 
dium  crust-like,  silvery  white,  brittle,  inner  very  thin  hyaline, 
columella  none,  spores  black-brown. — Klotsch.  in  Hook.  Herh. 
Eng.Fl.Y.iy.2>l2. 

On  bark.     Appin. 

1114.  Diderma  globosum.     Fr.    "  Globose  Diderma." 

Sessile,  globoso-hemispherical ;  outer  peridium  white,  inner 
cinereous,  columella  globose,  spores  sooty-black. — Fr.  S.M.  iii. 
p.  106.  Mich.  t.  96,/.  6.  Bull.  t.  446,/.  2.  Pers.  Disp.  t.  4,  /  4,  5. 
Sturm,  t.  6.  Grev.  1. 122.  Chev.  t.  9,/.  28.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  312. 
Bisch.f.  3629. 

On  dead  leaves.     Autumn.     Common.       [United  States.] 

Gregarious,  sessile,  minute,  about  a  line  in  diameter,  roundish,  somewhat 
depressed,  white,  or  greyish,  the  outer  peridium  fragile  and  evanescent  in 
farinaceous  particles  ;  the  inner  one  also  fragile,  grey,  membranaceous. 
Columella  large,  white,  roundish.  Spores  globose  dark  coloured,  intermixed 
with  filaments. — Grev. 

1115.  Diderma  cyanescens.     Fr.     "  Amorphous  Diderma." 

Sessile-adnate,  sub-rotund,  irregular,  outer  peridium  thick, 
white,  inner  ash-colour,  columella  none,  ilocci  and  s^Dores  black- 
brown.— i^r.  S.M.  m.p.  109.  Nees.f.  105  ?  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  312. 

On  dead  oak  leaves. 

Outer  peridium  crustaceous,  white,  like  the  shell  of  some  small  ^gg,  inner 
peridium  in  the  dry  state  brownish,  except  at  the  base,  where  it  is  adnata 
and  rufous.— ^?i^.  Fl. 

1116.  Diderma  deplanatum.     Fr,     "  Depressed  Diderma." 

Sessile,  rounded,  outer  peridium  thick,  white,  inner  very  thin, 
hyaline,  columella  and  flocci  none,  spores  black-brown. — Fr, 
aS'.^.  iii.;?.  110.  Hoff.F.G.t.^J.2.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  ^12. 

On  dead  oak  leaves.     Appin. 

When  the  spores  have  fallen  out,  the  base  within  is  of  a  somewhat  tawny 
tinge.    There  are  a  few  flocci. — Eng.Fl. 

1117.  Diderma  contextum.    Fr.     "Interwoven  Diderma." 

Sessile,  crowded ;  peridia  elongated,  flexuose,  outer  lemon- 
coloured  ;    inner  whitish-yellow,  columella  none,   flocci  white, 


MTXOGASTEES. 


385 


spores  dingv. — Fr.S.M.  iii.  ^.  111.    Sturm,  t.  39.    Berk.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  109.  Bisch.f.  3624. 

On  dead  grass,  fern,  &c.     "Wotiiorpe.         [United  States.] 


Gen.%0. 


Fig.  125. 


DIDYMIUM,  Schrad. 

Peridium  scaly  or  floc- 
cose,  bursting  irregularly. 
—Berk.  Outl.p.  307. 

(Fig.  125.; 

Inner  peridium  very  delicate  ; 
membranaceous,  bursting  irregu- 
larly, externally  clothed  with  the 
bark-like  outer  peridium,  which 
breaks  up  into  little  furfuraceous 
scales  or  mealy  down. — -E'/i^'  Fl. 
v,j>.312. 


1118. 


Didymium  xnelanopus. 

Didymium. 


Fr.     "  Black' stemmed 


Peridium  hemispherical,  depressed,  erect,  farinose,  plano-um- 
bilicate  beneath,  grey  ;  stem  subulate,  black,  as  well  as  the 
columella;  spores  dingy  brown. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  ^j.  114.  Berk. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  382.  Bisch.f.  3669. 

On  bramble,  [United  States.] 

var.  /3.  clavus.  Fr.  Stem  substriate,  peridium  farinoso-vil- 
lous,  concaye  beneath,  black. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  110,  A.  ^'  S,t.  2, 
/.2. 

On  yarious  substances. 


1119.  Didymium  haemisphericum.     Fr. 

Didvmium."' 


Hemispherical 


Peridium  hemispherical,  depressed,  erect,  with  a  whitish  yeil, 
piano -umbilicate  beneath;  stem  short,  thick,  whitish  ;  columella 
obsolete  ;  spores  sooty-black. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.^;.  115.  Bull.  t.  446, 
/.I.  Sow.  t.  12.  Fl.Dan.t.l972,f.2. 

On  dead  twigs,  &c. 

The  curious  flat  subhemispherical  peridia,  with  a  broad  shallow  umbiHcus 
beneath,  and  the  short,  dirty-white  stem,  are  characteristic. — Fn^.  FL 

1120.  Didym.ium  fuzfuxaceum.     Fr.     "  Scurfy  Didymium." 

Peridium  lenticular,  cernuous,flocculoso -farinaceous,  whitish- 
cinereous,  columella  none;   stem  whitish,  eyen  ;  spores  blackish. 

T   5 


386  MYXOGASTRES. 

—Fr.S.M.m.p.  IIG.    B.  ^ Br.  Ann.N.H.no.lU.    Fl.Dan.t. 

2092,/.  2. 

On  dead  leaves  (and  oak  branches  ?).  [United  States.] 

1121.  Didymium  tigrinuxn.     Fr.     "  Spotted  Didymium." 

Peridinm  lenticular,  erect,  umbilicate  beneath,  black,  covered 
with  greenish-yellow  furfuraceous  scales  ;  stem  elongated,  yel- 
lowish, colnmella  brown,  spores  sooty-black.— i^?\  S.M.  Hi.  p.  117. 
Schrad.t.6.f.2,3.  B.^Br.Ann.JST.H.no.SSS.  Fl.Dan.t.Udi, 

/I. 

On  decayed  wood.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

According  to  the"  Annals"  this  species  has  been  found  on  mosses  and 
Jungermannise. 

1122.  Didymium  squamulosum.   A.  ^'  G.    "  Scaly  Didymium." 

Peridinm  globose-depressed,  umbilicate  beneath,  cinereous, 
covered  with  minute  scales  of  the  same  colour,  stem  very  short, 
even,  white,  columella  white,  spores  brownish-black. — Fr.S.M. 
iii.  p.  118.  A.  ^'  ;S'.  t.  4./.  5.  Eng.  Fl  \.p.  312.  Bisch.f.  3676. 
KL  exs.ii.  no.  455. 

On  dead  leaves,  &c.  [United  States.] 

1123.  Didymium  farinaceum.     Fr.     "  Mealy  Didymium." 

Peridinm  subrotund,  very  thin,  blackish,  clothed  with  cinereous 
flocculose  meal ;  stem  short,  brown-black,  as  well  as  the  spores. 
— Fr.S.M. \n.p. 11^.  Hall.t.^^J.2.  Soiu.t.24.().  Schrad.t.6, 
f.  6.  Eng.Fl.y.p.SlS.Fl.Dan.t.'20d4,f.l.  Kl.exs.  no A23,u. 
no.  138.  Fckl.exs.no.  14:61. 

On  dead  leaves,  &c.  [United  States.] 

(Fig.  125.) 

1124.  Didymium  nigripes.     Fr.     "Black- stemmed  Didymium." 

Peridinm  globose,  grey  from  the  delicate  meal  with  which  it 
is  clothed  ;  stem  elongated,  rigid,  even,  black;  columella  obso- 
lete, flocci  and  spores  dingy-brown. — i^r.  a^.M.  iii./>.  119.  Fng. 
FL  Y.p.  313.  Sturm,  t.  ^2.^ Bisch.f.  3612.  Trichia  alba,  Furt.no. 
1113. 

On  rotten  wood. 

Eemarkable  for  its  dark,  stiff,  hair-like  stem. 


MTXOGASTEES. 


387 


1125.         Didymium  pertusum.     Berh.     "  Pierced  Didymium." 

Scattered ;  peridium  white, mealy,  depresso-globose,  deeply  but 
narrowly  iimbilicate  ;  stem  attenuated  upwards,  rufous  ;  colu- 
mella central,  white  ;  flocci  brownish ;  spores  brown-black. — 
Eng.  FLv.p.  313.  Berk.  Outl.p.  307. 

On  dead  herbaceous  stems.     Appin. 

This  approaches  very  near  to  D.  xavJhj)pv.s,  but  the  columella  is  not  truly 
stipitate,  but  only  apparently  so  from  the  great  depth  of  the  umbilicus. 
—M.J.B. 


1126. 


Didyxniuxn  :santhopus. 

Didymium." 


Fr.     "Yellow-stemmed 


Peridium  globose,  brown,  whitish- 
pruinose  ;  stem  elongated,  even,  yellow; 
columella  stipitate,  whitish,  flocci  and 
spores  dingy  brown. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p. 
120.  Sturm,  f.  43.  BerJc.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
Ill,  BiscJi.f.36S2.  Kl.exs.no.737. 
On  dead  leaves,  (ivy  &c.^ 

[United  States.] 

(Fig.  126.) 


Fig.  126. 


1127. 


Didymium    leucopus.      Fr. 

Didymium." 


"  White- stemmed 


Minute  globoso-clepressecl,  pale  glaucous,  stem  very  short, 
thick,  pale,  then  brownish. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  121  {partly).  Grev. 
Fl.  Ed.  454.  Eng.  Fl  \.p.  313.  Fchl.  exs.  no.  1462. 

On  dead  beech  wood.     Autumn.     Xear  Edinburgh. 

[United  States.] 

Very  minute,  of  an  uncommonly  stiff  and  dwarf  aspect,  filaments  very  few. 
Differs  from  Link's  P.  leucojnis  only  in  having  a  coloured  stem. — Grev. 
Minute,  globose,  white,  stem  white,  slightly  entering  the  peridium,  flocci 
white. — Fries. 


1128. 


Didymium     So"weir"beii.      Berk.      "  Sowerby's 
Didvmium." 


Sub-fasciculate,  peridium  globose,  dark  grey,  umbilicated  be- 
neath, stem  slender,  columella  white. — Eng.  FL  \.p.  313.  Sow, 
t.AU,/.  3. 

On  a  decaying  bulb  in  a  parlour.     London. 


388  •  MYXOGASTEES. 

1129.  Didyznium  lobatum.     Nees.     " Lobed  Didymium." 

Sub-sessile,  peridiiim  sub-rotund,  or  yariable,  somewhat 
lobed,  black ;  clothed  with  whitish  scurf,  columella  depressed, 
flocci  and  spores  black-brown. — Fr.  S.M.  ui.p.  123.  Eng.Fl.  v. 
p.  314.  Nees.f.  104.  Bisch.  f.  3G84.     Fl.  Dan.  t.  2094,/.  2. 

On  moss.  [United  States.] 

1130.  Didymium  congestum.      B.  ^-  Br.     *'  Crowded 

DidymiuiXL." 

Crowded,  stems  sub-membranaceous,  hyaline ;  peridia  obovate, 
elongated ;  spores  black,  variegated  with  white  flocci. — Ann. 
N.H.  no.  384.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1273,  Jig.  1,  lower  fig. 

On  dead  leaves,  grass,  &c.     King's  Cliffe. 

[N.  Carolina,  U.S.] 

Forming  crowded  patches,  very  much  resembling  those  of  DiacJicea  elegans. 
Peridia  obovate-oblong,  cinerous,  with  a  white  mealy  coat;  stems  hyaline, 
membranaceous,  generally  distinct,  though  crowded,  springing  from  a  thin 
subjacent  membrane.  Spores  black,  variegated  with  the  white  coarse,  irregu- 
lar, here  and  there  lacunose  flocci.  The  globose  spores  appear  at  first  sight 
to  be  granulated,  but  on  closer  inspection  the  granules  are  found  to  arise 
from  the  disintegrated  outer  peridium. — M.  J.  B. 

1131.  Didymium    daedaleum.      B.   ^'  Br.     "Spreading 

Didymium." 

Stems  short,  coalescing ;  peridia  connate,  sinuate,  dgedaloid, 
pale  reddish  brown,  as  well  as  the  stems,  farinaceous  ;  flocci 
white,  spores  purplish-black. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  385. 

In  a  cucumber  frame.     April.     Milton,  Norths. 

Spreading  far  and  wide  in  little  subglobose  masses  ;  stems  red  dish -brown, 
inclining  to  orange,  connate,  as  if  composed  of  a  mass  of  little  flat  bran-like 
membranes;  peridia  connate,  sinuated,  forming  a  dsedaloid  mass  of  the  same 
colour  as  the  stem,  but  sprinkled  with  white  meal,  and  having  to  the  eye  a 
greyish  tinge  from  the  contained  spores,  which  are  purplish-l)lack,  smooth, 
and  globose,  varie::^ated  with  the  white  flo'-ci,  whicli  are  frequently  forked, 
and  vary  greatly  in  width,  being  in  parts  broad,  flat,  and  membranous. — 
M.  J.  B. 

1132.  Didym.ium.  physarioides.     Fr.     "  Black  Didymium." 

Peridia  crowded,  subrotund,  irregular,  black  ;  covered  with  a 
•whitish  powder,  columella  none,  spores  conglobated,  blackish. — 
Fr.  S.M.  111. p.  \'2b. Eng.Fl.  v.  ^9.  314.  Kl.  exs.  no.  176. 

On  rotten  stumps,  moss,  &c.     Appin.  [Low  Carolina.] 


MTXOGASTKES.  389 

1133.  Didymium  cinexeuxn.     Fr.    "  Cinereous  Didymium." 

Adnate,  peridia  subglobose,  whitish  ;  clothed  with  ashy-cine- 
reous scurf,  flocci  reticulated,  white  ;  spores  black. — Fr.  S.M.m. 
;?.  126.  Batsch.f.UQ.  Eng.  FLy. p.  314:. 

On  bark  and  wood.     Appin.  [United  States.] 

Sprincring  from  white,  gelatinous,  serpentine  threads.  Inner  peridium 
very  delicate,  reflecting  prismatic  colours  j  flocci  flat,  white,  irregularly  re- 
ticulated.— £ng.  Fl. 

1134.  Didymium  serpula.     Fr.    "  Flexuous  Didymium." 

Flattened  ;  peridium  elongated,  creeping,  vein-like,  flexuose, 
and  reticulated,  lead-coloured  ;  clothed  with  whitish  scurf  ;  spores 
compact,  black. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  126.  Encj.  Fl.  \.p.  314.  B.  Sf 
Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  1035.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1463. 

On  leaves.     Nov.     Dec.     Appin,  Batheaston. 
Gen.  81.  PHYSARUM,  P. 

Peridium  simple,  membranaceous,  very 
delicate,  naked,  quite  smooth,  bursting 
irregularly.  Columella  none. — Berk.  Outl. 
p.  307.  Eng.  FL  Y.p.  314. 

(Fig.  127.; 

Fig.  127. 

1135.  Physarum  nutans.     P.     "  Nodding  Physarum." 

Peridium  lenticular,  umbilicate  beneath,  even,  at  length  sub-squa- 
mulose,  cernuous  ;  stem  subulate,  even,  brownish,  flocci  very  deli- 
cate, whitish,  spores  brownish-black. — Fr.  S.M.  \\\.p.  128.  Eng. 
Fl.y.p.SU.  Fers.Syn. p.  203.  Bull.  ^.  407,/.  3,  ^.  470, /!  1.  Fl. 
Dan.t.20d6,f.l.  Bisch.f.3616.  Rahh.  i\E.  no.  4.0.  Fckl.exs. 
no.  1457. 

On  decayed  wood.  [United  States.] 

var.  p.  viride.  Peridium  green. — Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  314. 
Sturm,  t.  24.  Bull.  t.  4.01,  f.  1.  Nees.f.  108. 

On  decayed  wood.  [United  States.] 

var.  y.  aureum.  Peridium  golden-yellow. — Pe?'S.  Disp.  t. 
1,/.  6.  Sturm,  t.  23.  Grev.t.124..  Fl.Dan.t.209G,f.2.  Fckl. 
exs.  no.  1456. 

On  decayed  wood.  [United  States.] 

The  stem  when  dry  is  longitudinally  plicate.  The  flocci  appear  to  be  dark 
unless  carefully  cleared  from  the  spores.     (Fig.  127,  nat.  size  atuL  enlarged.) 


390  MYXOGASTKES. 

1I3S.         Physarum  bulbiforme.     ScTium.   "  Bulb-like  Physarum." 

Peridium  hemispherical,  iimbilicate  beneath,  erect,  purple- 
black  ;  stem  attenuated,  snlcate,  "whitish  ;  flocci  and  spores 
brownish-black. — Fr.  S.M.'iA.j).  131.  Eng. Fl.Y.p.  315.  Fl.  Dan. 
1. 1974,/.  3. 

On  rotten  wood. 

1137.  Physarum  rubiginosum.     Oiev.     "Rusty  Physarum." 

Peridium  globoso -turbinate,  rust-red,  as  well  as  the  slender 
even  stem ;  flocci  reticulated,  white  ;  spores  black. — Fr.  S.M. 
m.p.  137.   Cliev.j-).  338.   Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  315. 

On  trunks  amongst  moss.     Appin. 

The  stem  penetrates  the  peridium,  but  from  the  close  adherence  of  the 
coat,  not  in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  an  evident  umbilicus,  nor  distinct 
columella,  and  it  is  not  paler  than  the  peridium,  nor  is  the  hypothallus 
paler.  The  upper  portion  of  the  peridium  is  nearly  white,  as  if  bleached. — 
Eng.  Fl. 

1138.  Physarum  lilacinum.     Fr.     "  Lilac  Physarum." 

Crowded ;  peridia  sessile,  obovate,  even,  lilac,  or  flesh  coloured ; 
flocci  few,  white  ;  spores  black. — Fr.S.M.  \\i.p.  141.  B.  ^.Br. 
Ann.N.H.no.  215. 

On  decayed  wood.     Xoy.     King's  Cliffe. 

The  only  English  specimen  was  found  on  the  smooth  bark  of  a  fallen  oak 
twig. 

1139.  Physarum.  metallicum..     Berk.     "  Metallic  Physarum." 

Peridium  subglobose,  slightly  depressed,  a  line  or  more  in 
breadth,  sessile  (not  adnate),  quite  smooth,  very  delicate,  of  a 
most  beautiful  metallic  appearance,  bursting  irregularly.  Flocci 
and  spores  pink-grey. — Mag.  Zool.  ^'  Bot.  no.  29,^.  3,/.  8. 

On  a  decorticated  stick.     Xov.     Clifton,  Notts. 

This  most  beautiful  plant  conueci?, Lyrogala'wiila. Physarum,  inconsequence 
of  its  bright-coloured  sporidia.  The  peridium  is,  however,  perfectly  gimple. 
—J/.  /.  B. 

1140.  Physarum  album.     Fr.     ""White  Physarum." 

Peridia  very  delicate,  subrotund,  depressed,  even,  whitish  ; 
flocci  few,  delicate,  loose,  black,  as  well  as  the  spores. — Fr. 
S.M. Hi.  ?).  147.  Kl.  exs.no.^bQ.  Eng.  Fl.  \.  p.  316.  Lycogala 
minuta.   Grev.  t.  40.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1459. 

On  various  substances.     Common.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Sporidia,  globose,  or  sub-elliptic. 

1141.  Physarum  atrum.     Fr.     *' Black  Physarum." 
Aggregated,  crowded,  confluent,  black,  peridia  very  delicate, 


MTXOGASTEES. 


391 


rounded;  flocci  none,  spores  black. — Fr.  S.^I.  in.  p.  147.  BerJc. 
Ann.N.H.  no.21Cj. 

On  fallen  oak  branches.     King's  Cliffe.     [United  States.] 
Also  a  mucb  smaller  variety  on  cabbage  stalks. 
Gen.  82.  ANGIOmDIUlVI,  Grev. 

Peridiiim  membranaceous,  opening 
by  a  longitudinal  fissure;  flocci  ad- 
hering to  the  peridium  on  all  sides, 
reticulate,  flat,  ending  above  in  the 
inner  peridium. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  308. 

{Fig.  128.) 
Fig.  128. 
1142.        Angiozidium  sinuosuxn.    Grev.  "Twisted  Angioridium." 

Peridia  compressed,  elongato-flexuose,  venulose,  whitish,  cine- 
reous, splitting  in  a  labiate  manner,  flocci  capillary,  white,  re- 
ticulated, spores  black-brown. — Grev.  t.  310.  Physarum  sinuosum. 
Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  145.  Eng.  FL  v.  p.  315.  Bull.  t.  446,/.  3.  Sow 
t.  6.  Fers.  Ob.  i.  L  1,/.  2.  Bisch.  f.  3623.  Kl.  exs.  ii.  no.  761. 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  1466. 

On  various  substances.  [United  States.] 

Gregarious  whitisb.  Peridium  about  f  in.  bigb,  simple,  sessile,  papyra- 
ceous, somewbat  rigid,  fragile,  rugulose,  varying  in  form  sometimes  exactly 
like  a  roundisb  bivalve  sbell,  at  otbers  lengthened  out  at  eaeb  extremity  in 
a  creeping  flesuose  manner  for  a  |  in.  or  more,  and  either  simple  or  divided. 
It  is,  however,  always  erect,  and  vertically  compressed,  the  summit  forming 
a  sharp  edge.  When  mature  it  bursts  longitudinally,  the  two  plates  separat- 
ing at  the  margin,  sufficiently  to  allow  the  spores  to  escape.  Spores  globose, 
blackish,  forming  a  compact  mass. — Grev.  (Fig.  128.^ 


Gen.  83. 


BADHAIVIZA,   Berk. 


Peridium  naked  or  furfur- 
aceous.  Spores  in  groups  en- 
closed at  first  in  a  hyaline  sac. 
— Berk.  Out!,  p.  308.  Linn. 
Trans,  xxi.p.  153. 

{Fig.  120.) 

Peridium  simple,  externally  naked, 
or  very  rarely  subtc  mentose,  apex  at 
length  opening  with  a  lacerated  fis- 
sure, flocci  loosely  reticulated,  affixed 
to  the  walls  of  the  peridium,  here  and 
there  expanded  in  lamina,  frequently 
lig.  129.  triangular.      Spores  globose,  or  sub- 

angular,  at  first  included  in  a  common  sac,  at  length  free,  conglobato-ad- 
nate. — J/.  /.  B, 


392  MTXOGASTEES. 

1143.  Badhamia  hyalina.     Berh,     "  Hyaline  Badhamia." 

Peridia  globose,  inflated,  very  delicate,  whitish,  stems  fas- 
ciculate, flaccid,  ascending,  rufous  ;  flocci  white  ;  spores  black. — 
Berh,  Linn.  Trans,  xxi.  t.  1.9,/.  3.  Physarumhyalinum.  Fr.  S.M. 
iii.  p.  139.  Eng.Fl.Y.  p.  315.  Pers.  Disp.  t.  2,/.  4.  Be7^k.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  213.   Fl.  Dan.  t.  2093,/.  1. 

On  rotten  wood.  Appin.  Lambley,  Notts.       [Mid.  Carolina.] 

1144.  Badhamia  fulvella.    Berh.     '*  Tawny  Badhamia." 

Peridia  gregarious,  sessile,  globose,  black,  invested  with  a 
delicate  tawny  down  ;  flocci  whitish. —  Linn.  Trans,  xxi.  j^-  154. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  733. 

On  dead  wood.     East  Bergholt,  Suffolk. 

Peridium  very  thin,  black  apparently,  but  yellow  when  divested  of  the 
spores.  Gregarious,  but  not  forming  distinct  patches,  sessile,  globose, 
clothed  with  very  delicate,  tawny  down  ;  mother-cells  ('001  in.)  "025  ni.m. 
diameter  ;  spores  COOOS-'OOO/S  in.)  •0125-'018  m.m.,  black,  forming  a  com- 
pact mass.  Flocci  often  swollen  in  the  middle,  whitish.  The  habit  is  that  of 
a  Didy/niurnTSith.er  than  of  a  Physarum. 

1145.  Badhamia  pallida.     Berk.    *' Pallid  Badhamia." 

Peridia  sessile,  depressed,  sub-lentiform,  crowded  here  and 
there,  or  scattered,  pallid-yellow ;  flocci  yellow;  spores  large; 
granulate  ;  central  vesicle  large. — Berk.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxi. 
p.  153,M9,/.  2.  Ann.N.H.no.l?>2. 

On  decayed  oak  branches.     March.     East  Bergholt. 

At  first  exhibiting  more  or  less  effused  cream-coloured  patches,  which 
gradually  assume  a  yellow  tinge,  and  from  which  arise  a  few  irregular  groups 
of  yellow  depressed  peridia,  some  of  which  are  confluent,  somewhat  wrinkled. 
Flocci  evidently  continued  from  the  peridium,  and  of  the  same  colour, 
branched,  forming  triangular  spaces  at  the  origin  of  the  branches.  Mother 
cells  '05  m.m.  (■00175-"062  in.)  diameter,  spores  slightly  granulated,  (.0005- 
•0008  in.)  •0127-*02  m.m.  long,  attached  to  a  large  central  vesicle.  The  peri- 
dium consists  of  a  membrane,  rough  with  very  minute  granules,  which  be- 
come more  dense  where  the  flocci  are  produced.  In  old  specimens  the 
patches  assume  an  olive  tinge. 

1146.  Badham.ia  nitens.     Berk.     "  Shining  Badhamia." 

Peridia  subsessile,  depressed,  crowded,  shining  yellow,  flocci 
yellow  :  spores  externally  strongly  echinulate. — Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
xxi.  p.  153.  t.  19,/.  1.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  731. 


MTXOGASTEES. 


393 


On  decayed  oak  branches.     Feb.     East  Bergholt,  Suffolk. 

Forming  little  crowded  orbicalar  patches,  consisting  of  depressed  sub-lenti- 
forni  peridia  of  a  bright  persistent  yellow,  perfectly  sessile,  at  length  burst- 
ing above  and  dispersing  their  dark  spores,  so  as  to  forma  border  resembling 
the  stains  -produ.ced.hy  the s'poridia.  o? S^ihceria  inquinaiis.  Flocci yellow, broad. 
Spores  at  first  contained  in  a  common  vesicle,  which  barsts  or  is  absorbed, 
and  exposes  them  in  the  form  of  little  globose  branches,  often  supported 
by  an  articulated  thread,  strongly  echinulate.  externally  smooth  towards  the 
common  axis.  Mother  cells  ■025-'04m.m.  ('001-*00175  in.)  diameter  j  spores 
(■0001--0005  in.)  •01--0125  m.m. 

1147.  Badhamia  utriculazis.    Berk.    "  Steel-blue  Badhamia." 

Peridia  oblong,  inflated,  very  delicate,  steel-blue,  when  empty 
wliitish;  stems  sub-adnate,  flaccid,  yellowish;  flocci  white;  spores 
black. — Berk.  Linn.  Trans,  xxi.  p.  153.  Phjsarum  utriculare.  Fr. 
S.M.  in.p.  139.  Bull.  t.  417,/.  1.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  211.  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  2093,/.  2. 

On  wood.     King's  Cliffe. 

1148.  Badhanxia  inaurata.     Carr.    "  Bright-yellow  Badhamia." 

Gregarious ;  peridia  sessile,  globose,  or  nearly  so,  bright  yel- 
low, -^  in.  across,  covered  with  floccose  yellow  scales,  opening 
by  irregular  fissures ;  sporidia  subglobose,  very  minutely  punc- 
tate, enclosed  at  first  in  hyaline  sacs. — Curr.  Linn.  Trans,  xxiy. 
t.  2b.  f.  8.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  1031. 

On  Jungermannia.     Oct.     Paul's  Cray  Common. 

Spores  (•0004--0006  in.)  •Ol-'Olo  m.m. 


Gen.  84. 


CRATERIUM,  Trent. 


Peridium  simple,  papyrace- 
ous, rigid,  persistent,  closed  at 
first  with  a  decided  operculum. 
Flocci  congested,  erect. — Berk. 
Outl.p.  308.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  316. 
{Fig.  130.) 


Fig.  130. 


394  MYX0GASTEE9. 

*  Operculum  distinct,  chalky. 

1149.  Czateriuxn  pedunculatuzn.      Trent.  '*  Stalked  Craterium." 

Peridium  cyathiform,  subcernuous,  chestnut,  operculum  firm, 
chalk-white;  stem  elongated,  even,  saffron-yellow;  spores  black. 
— i^r.  5. J/. iii.  p.  150.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  316.  Mich.  t.  86,/.  13. 
Hopi.  Cr.  t.  2,/.  2.  Sturm,  iii.  t.  9.  Nees.f.  120.  Chev.  t.  4,/.  26. 
Bisch.f.  3666.  Kl.  exs,  ii.  no.  139.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1453. 

On  mosses,  sticks,  leaves,  &c.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Gregarious,  stems  capillary,  equal,  even,  shining,  base  adnata  to  a  very 
delicate,  membranaceous,  whitish  hypoth alius,  soon  vanishing.  Peridium 
cup-shaped,  somewhat  nodding,  dark  bright  brown  ;  operculum  plane,  orbi- 
cular, seated  below  the  prominent  margin  ;  flocci  white  ;  spores  black,  glo- 
bose. (Fig.lZ^.) 

1150.  Cxaterium  pyxifoxxne.    Ditm.     "  Pear-shaped  Craterium." 

Peridium  pyriform,  nearly  erect,  ochraceous,  as  well  as  the 
short  even  stem ;  operculum  firm,  chalk-white  ;  spores  black. — 
Fr,  S.M.  iii.  p. loO.  Sturm.  t.lO.  Bisch.f.  3667 .  Fa?/.f.b7S. 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  1454. 

On  bark.     Appin. 

Constantly  differing  from  C.  jpeduncrdafura  in  the  form  and  colour  of  the 
peridium,  and  in  the  shorter  stem.    Peridium  generally  contracted  above. 

*  *  Operculum  circumscissile,  parting  from  the  peridium. 

1151.  Cxatexiuxn  xninutuzn.     Fr.     *•  Little  Craterium." 

Peridium  pyriform,  erect,  yellowish ;  operculum  convex,  of 
the  same  colour  ;  stem  short,  even,  rufescent ;  spores  black. — 
Fr.S.M. iii.  p. Vol.  Eng.  Fix.  p.  316.  Bull.t.4.S4:,f.l.  Cy- 
athus  minutus.  Sow.  t.  239. 

On  moss  leaves,  &c.     Common. 

Stem  short,  rather  firm,  equal,  even,  purplish  expanding  into  the  peri- 
dium, hypothallus  orbicular,  brownish  ;  peridium  always  erect,  pyriform, 
rufous,  then  j-ellow,  apex  at  first  rounded;  operculum  convex  circumscis- 
sile, of  the  same  colour,  growing  whitish.     This  is  the  commonest  species. 

***  Operculum  very  delicate,  evanescent. 

1152.  Cxatexiuza  leucocephaluxu.     I>itm,    "White-headed 

Craterium." 

Peridium  turbinate,  erect,  bright  brown,  growing  pale,  oper- 
culum very  thin,  evanescent ;  stem  striate,  bay  ;   flocci  white  ; 


MTXOGASTEES. 


395 


spores  black. — Fr.  S.M.'in.  p.  153.  Eng.  FI.y.  p.  316.  Mich.  t. 
86,  f.  14.  Grev.  t.  65.  Cyathus  cinereus.  Purt.  t.  35.  Hoffm.  Fl.d. 
t.  6,f.  1.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1314,/.  2.  Sturm,  t.  11.  Bisch.f.  3665. 

On  various  substances.  [United  States.] 

Hypotliallus,  or  orbicular  spot,  bay,  soon  obsolete ;  peridium  top-sbaped, 
at  first  bay,  tben  becoming  paler,  yellowisb,  or  whitisb-mealy  with  age. 


1153. 


Craterium  xnutabile.     Fr. 


"  Changeable  Craterium." 


Peridium  sub-rotund,  or  turbinate,  lacerated,  erect ;  base,  and 
short  striate  stem,  golden- jellow,  flocci  yellowish  ;  spores  black. 
Fr.  S.M.iii.p.  154.  Eng.Fl.  v.  p.  316.  Fl.  Dan.t.2087,f.  2, 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  1455. 

On  bark,  moss,  &c.     July.     Aug.     Appin. 

Peridium  continuous,  with  the  striate  stem  obovate  above,  and  lacerated, 
at  length  more  open  and  cup-shaped;  scarcely  any  true  operculum;  stem 
short,  thick,  equal,  or  dilated  upwards,  sulcate.  Colour  of  the  whole  fungus 
golden-yellow,  the  peridium  at  length  becoming  paler. 


Gen.  85. 


diack.3:a,  Fr. 


t-J-l 


m 


Fig.  131. 


Peridium  very  delicate,  simple,  falling  off  in 
fragments.  Capillitium,  sub-reticulate,  springing 
from  a  grumous  pallid  columella. — BerJc.  Outl.  p. 
308.  {Fig.  131.) 


1154. 


Diachaea  elegans.    iv*. 

Diachcea." 


"  Elegant 


Hypothallus  persistent;  peridium  ovato-oblong, 
deciduous,  violet  or  steel-blue ;  stem  attenuated, 
thick,  shorter  than  the  peridium,  white. — Fr.  S.M. 
iii.j9. 156.  Berk.  Ann. N.H.  no.  112.  Bull.t.b02,f. 
2.  Corda.  Ic.  v.  f.  38.  Pay.  f.  582.  Kl.  exs.  no. 
1229.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  I'iol. 

On  dead  leaves,  &c.     King's  Cliffe. 

[United  States.] 

{Fig.  131.) 


396 
Gen.  86. 


MTXOGASTEES. 


STEMONZTIS,  Gled. 


P 


^^-^^^ 


Peridium  very  delicate,  simple, 
evanescent.  Capillitium  reticulate, 
springing  from  the  dark  penetrating 
stem. — Berk.  Outl.p.  308.  Eng.  Fl. 
v.^.317.  (Fig. 1^2.) 


1155.        Steznonitis  fusca.     Roth. 

"  Brown  Stemonitis." 

Fasciculate,  lijpottiallus  persis- 
tent, peridia  very  fugacious,  cylin- 
drical, as  well  as  the  capillitium; 
spores  black-brown. — Fr.  S.M.  iii. 
p.lhl.  Eng.Fl.Y.  p.2>n .  Nees.f. 
118.  Grev.t.llO.  31icli.t.d-i,  f.l. 
Ehr.  S.B.  f.  5.  Jacq.  Misc.  ii.  t.  15. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  659,/.  1,  t.  2016,  /.  2. 
Bisch^f.  3661.  Kl.  exs.  ii.  no.  457. 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  1449.  Trichia  nuda. 
Sow.  t.  60.    Bolt.  t.  93,  f.l. 

On  rotten  wood.     Common. 
[United  States.] 

(Fig,  132.) 


Fig.  132. 


1156. 


Stemonitis  ferruginea.     EJirh.     "  Rusty  Stemonitis." 


Fasciculate,  hypothallus  persistent,  peridia  fugacious,  cylin- 
drical as  well  as  the  capillitium  ;  spores  reddish,  then  ferrugi- 
nous.—Fr.  ,5.3/.  iii.  ^.  158.  Bull,  t  4.77,  f.l.  Ehr.  S.B.  f.  6  A.B. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  2016.  f.l.  Bisch.  f.370i.  Paz/./.  580.  Fckl.  exs.  no. 
1448. 

On  old  stumps.  [United  States.] 

Similar  to  the  foregoing,  but  the  spores  are  much  smaller,  and  of  a  dif- 
ferent colour. 


MTXOGASTEES.  397 

1157.  Stexnonitis    typhoides.      B.C.      "Club-mace 

Stemonitis." 

Gregarious,  hypothallus  evanescent,  peridia  fugacious,  capil- 
litium  and  spores  brownish. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  158.  Mich.  t.  94, 
/.2.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  216.  Schcef.t.  297.  Batsch.  t.  30,  f.  17  G.  Built. 
477,/.  2.  Ehr.S.B.f.7.  Ann.N.H.  no.  113.  Kl.  exs.  no.  923. 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  1450. 

On  rotten  wood.  [Low  &  !Mid.  Carolina.] 

1158.  Stexnonitis  ovata.    P.     "  Ovate  Stemonitis." 

Scattered,  peridium  very  fugacious,  ovate,  steel-blue,  capilli- 
tium  purplish,  spores  brown ;  stem  semi-penetrating. — Fr.  S.M. 
iii. ^j.  160.  Kl.  exs.no.ll2>2.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  ^;.  317.  FcJd.  exs.no. 
1446.   Trichia  alba.  Sou:,  t.  259. 

On  rotten  wood.  [United  States.] 

1159.  Stemonitis  obtusata.     Fr.     "  Obtuse  Stemonitis." 

Scattered,  peridium  globose,  fugacious,  blackish  ;  capillitium 
black-brown,  stem  slightly  penetrating. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  160. 
Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  317.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2091,/.  2. 

On  wood.     Apethorpe,  Norths.  [United  States] 

At  first  wliite,  then  mddy  brown. 

1160.  Stemonitis    pulchella.      Bah.      ''Beautiful 

Stemonitis." 

Yery  minute,  hypothallus  brownish  ;  peridia  scattered,  evan- 
escent ;  stem  rather  short,  incrassated  below,  not  reaching  the 
apex ;  capillitium  purplish,  ovate-oblong,  scarcely  ventricose  ; 
spores  purplish  brown. — Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  217,  t.  12,/ 11. 
Bah.  Abst.  Linn.  Trans.  1839. 

On  Pteris  aquilina.     Sept.     Leicestershire. 

Extremely  minate,  not  1  line  high,  scattered,  with  a  transparent  horn- 
brown  hypothallus  J  peridium  extremely  evanescent;  stem  vanishing  a  little 
below  the  apex,  giving  off  filaments  on  every  side  ;  the  free  part  rather 
short,  smooth,  dark,  slightly  incrassated  below,  capillitium  ovato-oblong, 
purplish- brown ;  spores  purple-brown. — M.  J.  B. 

1161.  Stemonitis    physarioides.      A.  <b  S.     "Coppery 

Stemonitis."' 

Peridium  globose,  obtuse,  persistent,  silvery,  at  length  torn, 
capillitium  sub-compact  black-brown,  stem  long,  semi-penetrat- 


398 


MYXOGASTEES. 


ing,  brown-black.— i^r.  S.M.  m.p.  162.  Sow.  t.  412,/.  3.  A.  ^  S. 
t.  ii./.  8.  B.  ^'  Br,  Ann.  N.H.  no.  386. 

On  mossy  stumps.     Northamptonshire. 

[Carolina,  Ohio,  U.  S.] 
"  Our  specimens  have  a  beautiful  coppery  tinge."— -B.  <£,•  Br. 


1162. 


Stemonitis  violacea.     P.     "Violet  Stemonitis." 


Peridium  lenticular,  steel-blue,  fugacious,  umbilicate  beneath; 
capillitium  whitish,  lax,  spores  blackish,  stem  short  semi -pene- 
trating.—i^r.  S.M.  \n.p.  162.  B  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  387. 

On  moss.     Common. 

1163.        Stemonitis  arcyrioides.     Somm.    "Violet  Stemonitis." 

Peridium  globose,  violaceous  steel-blue,  base  somewhat  per- 
sistent, capillitium  globose  ;  spores  brownish  ;  stem  short,  semi- 
penetrating. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.p.  162.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  114.  FcU.  exs. 
no.  1447. 

On  dead  laurel  leaves,  &c. 


Gen.  87. 


ENZ:RTHEN£]yiA,  Bowm. 


1164. 


Peridium  very  delicate,  simple,  evan- 
escent, except  at  the  apex,  where  it  is  ad- 
nate  with  the  dilated  top  of  the  penetrat- 
ing dark  stem.  Capillitium  dependent, 
attached  to  the  dilated  disc.  Spores  sur- 
rounded by  a  cyst. — Bowm.  Linn.  Trans. 
nVi.p.  151.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  388. 

{Fig.  133.) 


Fig.  133. 


Enerthenexna  elegans.    Bowm.    "  Bowman'B  Ener- 

thenema." 


Peridium  globose,  very  fugacious,  at  length  cinereous,  apex 
papillary  from  the  excurrent  stem.  Capillitium  and  spores 
black-brown. — Boicm.  Linn.  T^^ans.  xvi.  j9.  151,  f.  16.  B.^-Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  388,  t.UJ.  7.  Berk.  Outl.  1. 1,/.  6.  C.  Stemonitis 
papillata,  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  317.  not  Persoon. 

On  rotton  wood.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

(Fig.  133,  thread  arid  sjiores  magnified.) 


MTXOGASTEES. 


399 


Gen.  88.  DICTYDIUM,  Sclirad. 

Peridium  simple,  very  delicate, 
reticulated  or  veined  from  the  innate 
capillitium. — BerJc.  Outl.  2'>-  309. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.  317.      (Fig.  lU.) 

1165.      Dictydium  uxn'bilicatuin. 

Schrad.     "Depressed  Dictydium." 

Peridium  cemuous,  umbilicate, 

veins    parallel,   joined    by    others 

wLich  are  transverse;  spores  pur- 

plish-brovrn. — Fr.S.M.  iii.  p.  165. 

Eng.  Fl.  v. p.  318.     Baisch.  f.  232. 

Fig.  134.  Schrad.  t  4,  /.  1.      Nees.  /.  117. 

Grev.t.VD?j.   Corda.Ic.Y.f.Se.    Bisch.f.3672.  Pa?/./.  573.  Kl. 

exs.  no.  820.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1445. 

On  rotten  wood,  pine  stumps,  &c.  [United  States.] 

(Fig.  134.; 


Gen.  89. 


Fig.  135. 


CRIBRARIA,  Sclirad. 

Peridium  simple,  persistent  be- 
low, vanishing  above,  Flocci  in- 
nate, forming  a  free  network  in 
the  upper  half  of  the  peridium. — 
Berk.  Outl.p.  309.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p. 
318.  {Fig.Uh.) 

1166.  Cribiraria  intermedia. 

Berk.     "  Sowerby's  Cribraria." 

Peridium  globose,  yellow,  ex- 
cipulum  entire,  stem  pellucid, 
white,  tapering  upwards,  spores 
yellow. — Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  318.  SphcB- 
rocarpus  semitricliioideSj  Sow.  t. 
400,/.  5. 

On  rotten  wood. 


1167.         Cribraria  intxicata.     Schrad.     "  Intricate  Cribraria." 

Peridium  sub-rotund,  nearly  erect,  reticulations  unequal,  spores- 
dirty  yellow. — Fr.  S.M. in.p.  173.  ScJirad.  t.  3,/.  1. 


400 


MYXOGASTEES. 


On  decayed  fir  stumps.  July.  Weybridge.    [United  States.] 

{Fig.  135.) 

1168.  Cribraria  argillacea.    Pers,    "  Clay-coloured  Cribraria." 

Gregarious,  clay-coloured,  somewhat  rounded;  stem  rather 
short,  blackish,  reticulations  equal,  spores  clay-coloured. — Pers. 
ObsA.p.dO.  Schrad.t.2,f.l,2.  £.  ^  Br.  Jnn.  ]Sf.H.{1866)  no. 
1036.  Fr.  S.3I.m.  p.  172.   Chev.  t.  9,/.  25. 

On  decayed  branches  and  stumps  of  Scotch  fir.    Aboyne. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

Forming  broad  confluent  patcbes,  pouring  out  a  large  quantity  of  clay- 
coloured  dust.  The  least  beautiful  of  tbe  genus,  though  when  cleared  from 
the  spores,  tbe  plant  is  a  pretty  object  under  tbe  microscope. — M.  J.B. 

1169.  Cxibraxia  auxantiaca.    Fr.     "  Orange  Cribraria." 

Peridium  spherical,  somewhat  nodding,  tawny  ;  reticulations 
equal;  spores  bright  yellow. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.|9.  174.  B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.N.H.{l8Qt)), 710. 10^1.  Pmj.f.DSS.Schrad.t.l,f.3,A.  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  2086,/.  1.   Cordalc.Y.f.  36.  Bisch.f.  3678. 

On  decayed  branches  of  Scotch  fir.     Aboyne. 
A  very  pretty,  though  minute  species. 


Gen.  90. 


ARCYRIA,  Hill. 


Peridium  simple,  up- 
per portion  very  fuga- 
cious. Capillitium  elas- 
tic. Flocci  not  spiral. 
— Berk.  Outl.  p.  310. 
Eng.Fl.Y. p. 3\8. 
(Fig.  136.) 

In  this  genus  tbe  threads 
of  the  capillitium  have  a  row 
Fig.  136.  of  little  tubercles  on  one 

side  only,  or  if  not  confined 
to  one  side,  some  of  them  are  more  strongly  developed.  In  some  instances 
they  form  rings  round  tbe  threads. 

1170.  Axcyxia  punicea.    P.    *'  Splendid  Arcyria." 

Peridia  crowded,  stipitate,  subovate,  capillitium  elongated ; 
spores  bright  purplish  yermillion. — Fr.  S.M.  n\,p.  Ill .  Eng.  Fl. 
y.p.3\8.  Wig.  Ann.  Sc.Nat.(l862),:siY\.t.l6,f.6-l .  Fckl.  exs. 
710.1441.  Mich.t.UJ.l.  Hall  t.  48,  f.  6.  Fl.  Dan.  1364,/.  2. 
Nees.  f.  114.  Grev.  1. 130.  Bull.  t.  368.  Batsch.  f.  177.  Clathrus 


MTXOGASTRES.  401 

denudatus.  Bolt.t.93,  f.2.  Jacq.  Misc.  t.  6.    Tridiia  denudata. 
Soiv.  t.  49.  Purt.  t.  24,/.  2.  Kl.  exs.  no.  932. 

On  rotten  stumps.      Common.  [United  States.] 

1171.  Arcyria  incarnata.     P.     "  Flesh-coloured  Arcyria.' 

Peridia  crowded,  substipitate,  ovate,  capillitium  elongato- 
effuse,  flesh-coloured,  as  well  as  the  spores. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.y).  178. 
Eriff.Fl.Y.  p.  318.  Mich.  t.  94,/.  2.  Pers.  Ohs.  1,  t.h,f.  4-5. 
Sturm.t.4.4..  FcJd.exs.no.lU2.  Wig.  An7i.  Sc.  Xat.  (1862)  :^Yi. 
t.l6,f.8-d.  Bisch.  f.  3663.  Fl.  Dcm.  t.  2090,  f.  1.  Schnizl.  f. 
34-35. 

On  rotten  wood.  [United  States.] 

Smaller  tban  A. puniceay  and  more  shortly  stipitate.  In  that  the  peridium 
is  venose,  in  this  veiuless. — Eng.Fl.  {F'-J-  136.) 

1172.  Arcyxia  cinexea.     Schum.      "  Grey  Arcyria." 

Gregarious,  peridia  stipitate,  globoso-ovate,  cinereous  ;  capil- 
litium ovato-cylindrical,  glaucous,  as  well  as  the  spores. — Fr. 
S.M.in.p.l80.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.3l8.  Pull.  t.  4.77,  f.  3.  Pers.Disp. 
t.  I./.2.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1975,/.  1.  Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (1862)  xyi.  t. 
16,/ 10-12.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  lUO. 

On  wood.     Appin.  [United  States.] 

1173.  Axcyxia  nutans.     Fr.     "  Nodding  Arcyria." 

Crowded  ;  peridia  cylindrical,  capillitium  yery  long,  nodding  ; 
dirty  yellow,  as  well  as  the  spores. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  180.  Eng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  319.  Bull.  t.  502,/  3.  Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (1862)  xvi.  t. 
16,/ 13-15.  FcJd.  exs.  1339.  Trichia  nutans.  Sow.  t.  260.  Purt. 
t.2-lj.l.  Arcyria  jlava.  Grev.t. 309.  Fl  Dan.  t.  2017  J.  1.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  421. 

On  rotten  wood.  [United  States.] 

1174.  Axcyxia  umbxina.      ScJium.     "  Umber  Arcyria," 

Gregarious,  peridia  stipitate,  ovate,  umber,  capillitium  ovate, 
erect,  ochraceous,  as  well  as  the  spores. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  181. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  1975,/  1.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  389. 

On  decayed  wood.     Wothorpe,  ^S'orths.      [United  States  ] 

1175.  Axcyxia  ochxoleuca.     Fr.      '■  Ochrey  Arcyria." 

Scattered ;  peridia  substipitate,  globose,  yellow  ;  capillitium 
ovate,  erect,  pallid-ochraceous,  as  well  as  the  spores. — Fr.  S.M. 


402 


M.TXOGASTEES. 


aii.^9. 181.  Sturm,  t.^.  Berh.  Ann.  N.H.no.llh.   Wig.  Ann    Sc 
JSfat.  (1862)  xvi.  1. 16,  f.  16.  Bisch.f.  3692. 

On  decayed  wood.     Collyweston,  Norths.      [Mid.  Carolina.] 


Gen.  91. 


OFHIOTHECA,  Curr. 

Peridium  simple,  bursting  longi- 
tudinally. Capillitium  twofold,  one 
consisting  of  delicate  hyaline  threads, 
to  which  the  spores  are  attached; 
the  other  of  echinulate,  thicker, 
branched  filaments.  —  Curr.  Quart. 
Journ.  Micr.  \\.p.  240.  Berh.  Outl.  p. 
310.  {Fig.  137.) 

1176.       Ophiotheca  chrysosperma. 

Curr.  "  Currey's  Ophiotheca." 


Peridium  irregular,  more  or  less 
serpentine,  brownish.  Fertile  threads 
delicate  transparent,  barren  threads 
Fig.  137.  somewhat  reticulated,  minutely  den- 

ticulate, here  and  there  swollen ;   spores  yellow,  elliptic,  pointed 
at  each  end.— Cwrr.  Micr.  Journ.  (1854),  ii.  p.  240,  t.  ix./.  1-5, 

vol.  Y.p.  131. 

On  inner  bark  of  a  dead  tree.  [Fig.  137.) 


Gen.  92. 


Fig.  138. 
/.2.     CV^a-. /.  9,/.  24. 


TRICHIA,  Hall. 

Peridium  simple,  persistent,  mem- 
branaceous, bursting  irregularly  above. 
Threads  spiral. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  310. 
Eng.  Fl.  y.;9.319.  {Fig.  138.; 

1177.  Tricha  arubiformis.     P. 

«'  Eeddish  Trichia." 

Fasciculate,  peridia  turbinato- 
cylindrical,  steel-blue ;  stems  short, 
confluent,  red-brown,  capilHtium  and 
spores  purplish-red. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p. 
183.  Hall.t.4:S,f.b.  Batsch.  f.  172. 
Bull.  t.  502,/.  1  ?  Pers.  Disp.  t.  4,/.  3, 
1. 1./. 3.  NeesJ.  112.  Fl.Dan. t.lSGb, 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  1438.     Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 


MTXOGASTRES.  403 

(1862),  XYi.  1. 15,/.  12.  Curr.  Micr.  Journ.  iii.  t.  2,/.  5,  6.  Tnc^/a 
Neesiana.  Corda.f.  2^^.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  218.  Bisch.f.  3664. 

On  dead  wood.     Apethorpe.  [United  States.] 

Most  usually  fasciculate,  individuals  sometimes  solitary.  Stems  often 
very  short,  rubiginous,  when  confluent  unequally  sulcate,  attenuated  up- 
wards. Peri dia  of  a  beautiful  steel-blue,  reddish,  bay,  &c.,  shining,  nearly 
cylindrical,  apex  obovate,  very  obtuse,  somewhat  circumscissile,  even,  rugu- 
lose  below.  Capillitium  elongated,  echinulate,  bright  purplish-red.  as  well 
as  the  spores. 

1178.  TxicWa  pyxifoxxnis.     Hoffm.     "  Pear-shaped 

Tricbia." 

Subfasciculate,  peridia  tnrbinato-pyriform,  blackish-red,  stems 
subelongated,  tawny,  capillitium  saffron-tawny,  as  well  as  the 
spores. — Ft.  S.  M.  in.  p.  184.  Hoffm.  Cr.  f.  1,/.  1.  Eng.  Fl.  v. p. 
319.  Pers.  Ic.FicL  1. 12,/  1,  2.  Curr.  Micr.  Journ.  iii.  t.  2,/.  9, 
10.  SphcBrocarpus  fragilis.  Sow.  t.  279.  Purt.  t.24:,f.  3.  Wig. 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  {1S62),  xvi.  t.UJ.  12,  13.  Kl.exs.7io.l026,16'32. 
Fckl.exs.no.  1437. 

On  rotten  stumps.  [United  States.] 

Stems  racemoso-connate,  often  elongated,  sometimes  short,  occasionally 
scattered  and  simple,  with  a  membranaceous  hypothallus.  Peridia  usually 
even,  blackish-red,  then  bay-colour,  sometimes  with  a  ruddy  tinge,  opaque, 
oblong  by  mutual  pressure,  but  in  solitary  individuals  rounded.  Threads 
very  long,  slender,  echinulate. 

1179.  Trichia  Ayresii.     B.&Br.     "  Ayres'  Trichia." 

Crowded ;  peridia  obovate,  tawny-chestnnt,  shining ;  stems 
very  short,  connate  ;  capillitium  strongly  echinulate,  tawny 
saffron-yellow,  as  well  as  the  spores. — B.  <^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
390. 

On  decayed  wood.     Oxfordshire. 

Forming  crowded  masses.     Peridia  obovate,  shining,  of  a  bright  tawny 
chestnut.      Elaters   of  the  capillitium  thicker  than  in   T.  pyrijormis,   and 
strongly  echinulate,  tawny  ;  spores  globose,  tawny. 

1180.  Trichia  Zioxinsexiana.     Ca.    "  Pdbbed  Trichia." 

Subsolitary,  stem  long,  dirty  brown  colour,  flexuous,  longitu- 
dinally ribbed  with  acute  angular  ridges,  peridium  turbinate  or 
ovate,  even  above,  smooth,  pallid,  irregularly  ruptured  in  an 
operculate  manner.  Threads  yellow,  short,  smooth  ;  spores 
tetrahedral,  yellow,  diaphanous. —  Corda.  Icon.  i.f.28Sd.  Currey. 
Quart.  Jour.  Micr.  v. p.  129. 

u  2 


404  MTXOGASTEES. 

On  wood.     Jan.     TTeybnclge. 

Distinguished  by  the  acutely  fluted,  long  flexuous  stem.  "  Spiral  threads 
simple  and  detached,  short,  very  pale  yellow,  with  very  delicate  markings, 
each  extremity  of  the  thread  tapering  gradually  to  a  very  long  thin  point, 
the  spiral  markings  not  extending  into  the  narrow  extremities  of  the  threads." 
—  Curr. 

1181.  Trichia  sexotina.     Sclirad.     "  Late  Trichia." 

Scattered  ;  peridium  obovate,  bay  ;  stem  brown,  even ;  capil- 
litium  and  spores  yellowish. — Fr.  >S'.J/.  iii.p.  184.  Fng.  Fl.\.p. 
310.  Schrad.Jour.l77d,t.8J,2.  Fl.  Daii.t.l680J.2.  Fckl. 
exs.  no.  1436. 

On  rotten  wood.     Appin.     Bristol.  [United  States.] 

1182.  Trichia  fallax.     P.     "Irregular  Trichia." 

Gregarious,  peridia  turbinate,  at  first  vermillion-red,  then  clay- 
colour,  plaited  below  as  well  as  the  stem,  capillitium  dusky- ochre, 
as  also  are  the  spores. — i^r.  >S'. 71/.  iii.  p.  185.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.3ld. 
jSchmid.  Ic.  t.  33,/.  1.  Bull.  t.  417,/.  2.  Pers.  Obs.  i.  t.  3,/.  4,  5. 
Nees.f.  113.  Fl.  Dan.t.AGl, f.  2,  t.  2088, f.  3.  Jacq.Aust.t.2^^. 
Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (18G2),  xvi.  1. 14,/.  14, 15.  Bisch.f.  3674.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  931.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1435. 

On  rotten  wood.  [United  States.] 

Peridium  at  first  globose,  when  adult  top-shaped,  even  above  and  thin, 
circumscissile,  firm  below  and  plicate,  as  well  as  the  stem.  Colour  dark  and 
du«ky  yellow,  sometimes  shining,  sometimes  opaque.  Spores  ovate.  When 
young  of  a  beautiful  vermillion-red,  which,  when  dried  prematurely,  it  some- 
times retains,  though  often  assuming  a  black  hue. 

1183.  Trichia  clavata.     P.     "  Clavate  Trichia." 

Gregarious ;  peridium  obovate,  yellow,  shining,  even ;  stem 
rugose,  of  the  same  colour,  capillitium  and  spores  ochraceous. 
— Fr.  S.M.  iii.  j).  186.  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  320.  Sturm,  t.  25.  Movg. 
exs.  no.  284.  TI7^.  A?m.  Sc.  Nat.  [1862),  xvi.  t.  15,  /.  1-3.  Fl. 
Dan.t.  2089,/  1.  Bisch.f.  3668.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1434.  T.  pyri- 
formis,  Sow.  t.  400,/.  6. 

On  decayed  wood.  [United  States.] 

Stem  constantly  present,  but  variable,  sometimes  long  and  sometimes 
short,  rugose,  attenuated  downwards,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  peridium,  or 
rufescent  at  the  base.  Peridium  rather  large,  usually  even,  dehiscing  irre- 
gularly ;  thejower  part,  which  has  a  shining,  transparent,  skinny  appear- 
ance, remains  when  the  capillitium  and  spores  have  vanished,  and  in  this 
state  resembles  a.  Crafericm.  -  •' The  threads  form  an  extensive  compilicated 
capillitium,  in  which  it  is  rarely,  if  ever,  possible  to  trace  a  single  thread 
from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  and  their  colour  is  darker  than  in  T.cerirta. 
The  markings  also  are  strongly  defined."— C't'/r. 


•  MTXOGASTEES.  405 

1184.  Trichia  cerina.    IHtm.     "Waxy  Trichia." 

Solitary,  peridium  egg-shaped,  olivaceous  Tvax-colour ;  stem 
elongated,  dingy,  spores  globose,  and  as  well  as  the  threads  of 
the  colour  of  the  peridium. — Sturm,  i.  t.  25.  Curr.  Quart.  Jour. 
Micr.  Y.  p.  127.   Trich.  clavata  (^,  olivaceus.  Fr.  S.M.  m..p.  186. 

On  decayed  wood.     Sept.     Near  Swansea. 

The  threads  are  pale- coloured,  and  taper  gradually  to  a  very  thin  point  at 
each  extremity;  the  spiral  markings  are  very  delicate,  and  the  threads  them- 
selves are  simple,  detached  from  one  another,  and  of  a  definite  and  moderate 
length. — Curr, 

*  *  Gomospora. 

1185.  Trichia  nigripes.     P.     "  Black- stemmed  Trichia." 

Gregarious,  peridia  variable  in  form,  even,  yellowish,  stem 
very  siaort,  blackish,  capillitium  and  spores  ochraceous-yellow. — 
Fr.  S.M.  iii-i^.  186.  Bull.  t.  4.11  J.  2.  Pers.  Ic.  ^  Des.  t.  14,/.  3. 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  1313,/.  2.  Mich.  t.  96,  /.  4.  Curr.  Quart.  Jour.  Micr. 
Y.p.  128 — iii.  t.  2.  /.  4.  Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xvi.  1. 15,/.  5-6.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  1025.  Fclcl.  exs.  no.  1433. 

On  rotten  wood.     Kent  and  Surrey.  [United  States.] 

Threads  rather  short  and  obtusely  pointed,  smooth,  shghtly  constricted  be- 
tween the  spirals. 

1186.  Trichia  tusbinata.     With.     "  Top-shaped  Trichia." 

Crowded;  peridia  obovate,  sessile,  even,  ochraceous-tan  colour, 

capillitium  and  spores  ochre. — Fr.  S.M.  \ii.  p.  187.  Eng.  Fl.  v. 

;).320.    Hall.t.4.^,f.l.    FL  Dan.  1. 1313,  f.  I.    Sow.  t.  So.    KL 

exs.  no.  762.   Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat  (1862)  xvi.  1. 15,  /.  6.    Clathrus 

turhinatus.  Bolt.  t.  94./  3. 

On  rotten  wood.     Common.  [United  States.] 

1187.  Trichia    chrysosperxna.      B.C.     " Yellow-spored 

Trichia." 

Crowded,  peridia  rounded,  subsessile,  cinnamon  yellow,  capil- 
litum  and  spores  ochraceous  golden-yellow. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  187. 
Eng.FLY.p.320.  Batsch.  f.  173.  Bull.  L  417,/.  4.  Trichia 
nitens.  Grev.  t.  281.  Curr.  Micr.  Jour.  iii.  t.  2,/  1-3.  Wig.  Ann. 
Sc.  Nat  (1862),  xvi.  1 16,  f.  13-17,  L  16,/  1-5.  FL  Dan.  L  2089. 
/2. 


406  MYXOGASTEES. 

On  rotten  wood.     Common.  [United  States.] 

Threads  of  a  definite  length,  smooth,  occasionally  echiuulate,  terminating 
somewhat  acutely. 
Threads  occasionally  echinulate. — Curr.  (Fig.  138.) 

1188.  Trickia  varia.     P.     "  Variable  Trichia." 

Scattered ;  peridia  sessile,  subrotund,  or  reniform,  at  length 
yellowish,  capillitium  and  spores  ochraceous. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p. 
183.  Eng.Fl.Y. p.  320.  Ilich.t.  9dJ.2.  Schcrff.  t.296.  Batsch. 
f.  111.  Kl.  exs.  no.  422.  Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (1862)  xvi.  t.  16,  f. 
7-10.  SchnzLt.U,f.27-33.  FckI.exs.no.USl. 

On  decayed  wood.     Appin.  [United  States.] 

"  Threads  not  distinguishable  from  those  of  T.  nigripes,  but  I  have  some- 
times found  T.  varia  with  echinulate  threads."— Cwrr. 

1189.  Txichia  serpula.      P.     "Eeticulated  Trichia." 

Peridia  creeping,  vein-like,  flexnons,  and  reticulated,  yellow  ; 
capillitium  and  spores  of  the  same  colour. — Fr.  S.M.  iii.  29. 188. 
Eng.Fl.Y. p. 320.  Batsch.  f.  174:.  Pers.  Ic.  Sf  Ves.  t.  12,  f.  1. 
Nees.f.  111.  Curr.  Micr.  Jour.  iii.  t.  2,f.  7-8.  Wig.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 
(1862)  xvi.  M6,/.  5.*  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2089,/.  3.  Bisch.  f.  3622. 
Trichia  reticulata.   Grev.  ^.266. 

On  rotten  branches,  leaves,  &c.  [United  States.] 

Peridium  more  or  less  bright  yellow,  sometimes  bay,  spores  and  flocci  of  a 
golden  yellow,  even  more  bright  than  in  T.  chrysosj)erma. — Eng.Fl. 

Threads  very  long,  sometimes  branched,  sparsely  echinulate,  obtusely 
pointed. 

1190.  Trichia  (?)  flagellifer.    B.  d:  Br.    "Anomalous 

Trichia." 

Globose,  sessile,  metallic ;  flocci  flagelliferous  at  their  tips  ; 
spores  flesh-coloured. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  (1866)  no.  1143,  t. 
2,/  4. 

On  spruce  fir.     Dec.     Badminton. 

Perfectly  globose,  but  fixed  only  by  a  small  portion  of  the  surface,  which 
slightly  projects,  smooth,  bay,  reflecting  metallic  tints  like  a  Physarum  ;  flocci 
divided  above  two  or  three  times.  Spores  CUUOS— '0004  in.)  -OO/S— '01  m.m. 
diameter.  Perfectly  distinct  from  every  other  Trichia  by  the  colour  of  the 
spores  and  metallic  coat,  in  addition  to  the  flagelliform  threads. — B.  d:  Br. 

This  is  certainly  not  a  good  Trichia,  as  the  threads  are  attached  to,  and 
spring  from,  the  inner  surface  of  the  peridium.  It  will  more  properly  con- 
Btitute  the  type  of  a  distinct  genus. 


MTXOGASTEES. 


407 


Gen,  93. 


PERZCH^NA,  Fr. 


1191. 


Fig.  139, 

Ferichsena  abietina. 


Peridium  simple,  suLmem- 
branaceous,  persistent,  naked, 
often  splitting  liorizontally  in 
the  middle.  Flocci  few,  not 
spiral. — Berh.  Oiitl.  p.  311. 
Enff.Fl.\.p.321. 

(Fig.  139.; 

Fr.     "  Fir  wood  Perichfena." 


Peridia  obovato-globose,  bay  black,  more  or  less  regularly 
splitting  all  round;  flocci  and  spores  yellow, — Fr.  S.JI.  in.  p. 
191.   Eng.Fl.Y.p.321.  Sphoerocarpus  sessilis.  Sow.t.2i)^. 

On  fir  wood. 

There  is  an  evident  hypotlialluSj  whicli  is  one  of  the  peculiar  characters  of 
the  species. — J/.  /•  B. 

1192.  Perichaena  populina.    Fr.     "  Poplar  Pericli£ena." 

Peridia  globose,  depressed,  yellow-brown,  splitting  all  round, 
flocci  and  spores  yellow. — Fr.  S.M.iii.p.  191.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p  321. 
Grey.  f.  252.  Desm.  exs.no.  Ql\.  Bull.  t.  4^17 ,  f.  b.  Pers.Obs.i. 
t.  6,/.  1-2.  Berk.  exs.  no.  47. 

On  fallen  poplars.  [United  States.] 

Sometimes  almost  covering  the  tree.  {Fig.  139.) 


Gen.  94. 


A 


r 


LICEA,  Scbrad. 

Peridium  thin,  membrana- 
ceous, even,  bursting  irregu- 
larly. Spores  not  mixed  with 
the  flocci. — Berk.  Outl.p.  311. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.  321. 

(Fig.  140.) 


Fi^.  140. 


1193. 


liicea  cylindrica.     Fr.     "  Tubular  Licea." 

Equally  effused,  peridia  linear,  connate ;  spores  earthy-fer- 
ruginous.— Fr.  S.M.  Hi.  p.  195.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  391.  Batsch.  f. 
175.  Bull  i.  470,/.  3.  XL  exs.  no.  34.^.  Nees.f.lQ3.  Eeticularia 
multicapsula.  Sow.  1. 179.   Trichia  meteorica.  Sow.  t.  435. 

On  rotten  wood.  [Mid.  &  Up.  Carolina.] 


408  MTXOGASTRES. 

1194.  Licea  fragiformis.     Fr.     "  Strawberry  Licea." 

Conglomerate  ;  peridia  linear,  subconnate  ;  spores  umber. — 
Fr.  >S'.M.iii.;?.  196.  Eng.  Fl.Y.  p.  321.  Bull. t.  384..  Nees.f.l02, 
Grev.  t.  308.   Chev.  t.  9,/.  23. 

On  rotten  wood,  &c.  [United  States.] 

Very  beautiful  just  before  maturity,  and  resembling  a  strawberry. — 
I^ncf.  Fl.  {Fig.  140.) 

1195.  Licea  applanata.     Berh.     "  Flattened  Licea." 

Depressed,  conglomerated  ;  peridia  very  short,  densely 
crowded,  liver-brown  ;  spores  large. — Berk.  Hook,  Land.  Jour, 
iv.p.67.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  3^3. 

On  dead  twigs  of  currant,  &c. 

Forming  little  thin,  flat,  distinct,  rounded,  or  elongated  patches,  which 
are  at  first  scarlet,  and  then  liver  brown.  Peridia  short,  densely  crowded, 
invisible  to  the  naked  eye.  Spores  large,  broadly  elliptic,  with  one  or  more 
nuclei,  argillaceous,  tinged  with  red,  mixed  with  a  few  flexuous  threads,  very 
much  larger  than  in  L.fragiformis  or  L.  cylindrica. — M.  J.  B. 

1196.  Licea  perreptans.     BerTi.     "  Creeping  Licea." 

Effused,  at  length  here  anei  there  conglomerated  ;  peridia  ob- 
long,   mostly    distinct ;    spores    purplish-black. — Berk.   Gard. 
Cliron.  (1848),  p.  451.    Ann.  N.H.  no.  392.  Lycoperdon  echini- 
formis.  Sow.  t.  400,/.  1. 

In  a  cucumber  frame  heated  with  spent  hops.  Rolleston. 
Staffordshire. 

Hypothallus  white,  creeping  far  and  wide,  and  protruding  here  and  there 
masses  of  oblong  peridia,  which  are  mostly  distinct,  assuming  gradually  a 
reddish-brown  tint,  and  in  cases  of  premature  exsiccation  becoming  black. 
Spores  very  abundant,  purple  brown,  mixed  with  a  few  flocci.  Of  extremely 
rapid  growth,  which  is  like  that  o?  L.fragiformis  ;  the  spores,  however,  are 
quite  different,  and  the  mucilage  never  acquires  the  beautiful  strawberry 
tint  of  that  species. — M.  J.  B. 

Gen.  95.  FHELONITIS,  Chev. 


Peridium  papyraceous,  persistent,  com- 
monly splitting  horizontally  in  the  centre ; 
spores  large,  rough. — Berk.  Outl.p.  311. 

(Fig.  141.  j 


Fig.  141. 


NIDULAEIACEI. 


409 


1197. 


Phelonitis  strobilina.     P.    '*  Fir  cone  Phelonitij 


Aggregate,  peridia  rounded,  red-brown,  more  or  less  circnm- 
scissile  ;  spores  dirty  yellow,  becoming  pale. — PerichcBna  strobi- 
lina. Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  190.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  ^.321.  A.  ^  S.  t.  6,  f.  5. 
Sturm,  iii.  t.  20.  Nees.  f.  101.  Chev.  t.  9,  /.  22.  Grev.  t.  275. 
Moug.  exs.  no.  579.  Corda.  Ic.  v./.  30.  Berk.  exs.  no.  292.  FcJcl. 
exs.  no.  1469. 

Between  the  scales  of  old  cones  of  Finns  Abies.     Appin. 

(Fig.  141.; 


Order  XI.     NIDULARIACEI.     Tiil. 


Spores  produced  on  sporopbores  compacted  into  one  or  more 
globose  or  disciform  bodies,  contained  within  a  distinct  peridinm. 
^Berk.  Out!,  p.  311.   Tul.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1^4:^,1.  p.  Qi. 


Peridium  cup-shaped,  sporangia  attached  by  a  cord. 

Of  three  membranes 

Uniform,  spongy 

Peridium  globose,  simple.   Sporangia  involved  in  mncus 
Peridium  sub-bemispherical. 

Double;  sporangium  single,  ejected      .         .        , 

Single  ;  sporangium  papillseform  .         .        y 

Hyaline;  sporaugia  large,  grumous 


Cyathus. 

Crucihulum. 

Nidularia. 

Sphceroboliis. 

Thelehohxs. 

Poli/angium. 


Gtn.  96. 


Fig.  142. 


1198. 


CYATHUS,  Pers. 

Peridium  composed  of  three  closely  connected 
membranes,  at  length  bursting  at  the  apex,  and 
closed  by  a  white  membrane.  Sporangia  plane, 
umbilicate,  attached  to  the  walls  by  an  elastic 
cord. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  312.  Tul.  Ann.  So.  Nat. 
1844,1.65.  (Fig.  142.) 


Cyathus  stxiatus.     Moffm.     ''  Striate  Cyathus.' 


Obconic,  truncate,  broadly  open,  externally  ferruginous,  hirto- 
tomentose,  internally  lead-colour,  smooth,  striate ;  margin  and 
corona  thick,  continuous  ;  sporangia  somewhat  trigonous,  whit- 
ish, broadly  umbilicate  ;    tunic  above  very  thin,  evanescent,  be- 

u  5 


410 


NIDULAKIACEI. 


neath  thicker  and  cottony,  covered  with  a  whitish  meal ;  spores 
thick,  oblong-elliptic. — Tul.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1844,  i.^.  67,  t.  3,  t. 
4,/.  1-3,  t.  8,/.  1-12.  Hoffm.  Cr.  t.  8,  /.  3.  Nees.f.  132.  Corda. 
Anl.  t.  D.f.  4z2.  JSTidularia  striata.  Holm.  ii.  t.  2.  Sow.  t.  29.  Fr. 
S.M.u.  p. 298.  Bull.t.40,f.A.t.2,f.3.  Peziza  striata.  Bolt. 
t.l02,f.2.  Scha^ff.t.  178.  Gled.t.4..  Vaill.  1. 11,  f.  4.-6.  Mich. 
1. 102,  f.  2.  Bocc.  t.  301,/  1.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  2,f.  3.  Berk.  exs.  no. 
259.   Cooke,  exs.  no.  311.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1247. 


On  sticks,  fir  cones,  &c. 


[United  States.] 


1199. 


Cyathus  vernicosus       B.  C.     "  Waxy  Cyathus." 


Campanulate,  base  narrowly  subsessile,  above  broadly  open, 
undulato-rei:)and,  externally  pale  ochre  or  cinereous,  silky  tomen- 
tose,  at  length  nearly  smooth,  internally  lead-coloured  or  brown, 
corona  inconspicuous ;  sporangia  pale  blackish,  even  ;  tunic 
rather  thick,  continuous,  with  a  scanty,  cinereous  meal ;  funicu- 
lum  white.— Tw/.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1844,  i.  p.  81,  t.  5,  /  14-23. 
Corda.  Anl.  t.  D.  f.  42.  Link.  Obs.  t.  2,  f.  53.  Berk.  Outl.  t.  21, 
/.  i.  Berk.  exs.  no.  258.  Cooke  exs.  no.  S12.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  124:6. 
Nees.f.  183, B.  Nidularia  campanulata.  Sow.  t.  26.  Holms,  ii.  t. 
3.  Paul.  1. 187,  f.  7-12.  Bull.  t.  488,/.  1.  Hoffm.  Cr.  t.  8,/  2.  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  780,/  1,  t.  469,  upper  Jig.  Peziza  lentifera.  Bolt.  t.  102,  / 
1.  Gleclt.4:.  3Iich.t.  102,  f.l.  Vaill.  1. 11,  f.  6-7.  Bocc.  t.  301, 
f.l.   Batt.t.3,f.I.K.L.M. 

On  the  ground,  especially  stubble  fields.     Common. 

[United  States.] 

{Fig.  142.) 


Gen.  97. 


CRUCXBULUM,  Tul. 


Peridium  con- 
sisting of  a  uni- 
form, spongy,  fib- 
rous felt,  closed 
by  a  flat  furfura- 
ceous cover  of the 
same  colour.  Spo- 
rangia plane,  at- 
tached by  a  long  cord,  springing  from  a  little  nipple-like  tubercle. 
—Berk.  Outl.  p.  312.   Tul.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1844,  i.p.  89. 

(Fic^.  143.) 


Fig.  143. 


XIDULAEIACEl. 


411 


1200. 


Crucibulum    vulgaire. 

Crucibulum." 


Tul.      "  Common 


Periclium  tawny  tan-colour,  thick,  externally  nearly  even,  in- 
ternally quite  even,  smooth,  shining;  mouth  quite  entire,  naked; 
sporangia  pale  ochre,  at  length  whitish ;  spores  minute,  ovate. 
— Tul.  Ann,  Sc.  Nat.  1844,  i.  p.  90.  Ray.  Syn.  Srded.  1. 1,/.  2, 
h.c.  Mkh.Ll02,f.3.  Gled.t.i.  Schcef.  1. 17  d.  Fl.  Dan.  1. 105. 
Hoffm.Cr.t.8,f.l.  Bull  t.  4.0,  f.  B.C.  Nidularia  Icevis.  Built. 
488,/.  2.  Sow.  t.  30.  Holms,  ii.  1. 1.  Cyathus  crucibulum.  JSfees. 
f.  133.  Grev.  t.  34.  Desm.  exs.no.  766.  Corda.  Anl.  t.  D.f.  42, 
(10-18).  Berk.  Outl.  t.  2,/.  1.  Berk.  exs.  no.  167.  Fckl.  exs.  no. 
1248. 

On  fern,  sticks,  &c.  [United  States.] 

{Fig.  143.) 


Gen.  98. 


NIDULARIA,   Tul. 


Fig.  144. 


1201. 


Nidularia  pisifoxxnis. 

Nidularia." 


Peridium  uniform,  glo- 
bose, of  a  simple  mem- 
brane, at  first  closed,  at 
length  ruptured,  or  open- 
ing with  a  circular  mouth ; 
without  a  proper  veil. 
Sporangia  numerous, 
small,  enveloped  in  niu- 
cus. — Tul.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 
1844,1.^.92. 

{Fig.  144.) 

Tul.    "  Pea- shaped 


Gregarious,  subglobose,  sessile,  rootless,  hairy,  brownish. 
Sporangia  subrotund  or  discoid  dark  brown;  sporidia  colour- 
less, globose,  or  elliptical. — Tul.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  184:4:,  i.  p.  100. 
B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  1039.  Curr.  Linn.  Trans,  xxiv,  t.  25,  /. 
4-6  ^  21-22.  Rahh.F.E.no.  1328.  Granularia  pisiformis.  Both. 
Ust.  Ann.  b.  l,s.  6,t.   1,/.  1. 

On  pine  chips.     Weybridge.     May — Oct.    1862. 

Peridium  subrotund,  slightly  flattened,  varying  in  different  specimens 
trom  yj  t'^  4  i^'  across,  brown  or  brownish  white,  woolly,  tuberculate  when 
ripe,  from  the  pressure  outwards  of  the  sporangia  ^  indehiscent,  opening  by 


412 


NIDULARIACEI. 


irregrilar  fissures  ;  sporangia  onveloped  in  jelly,  subrotund,  or  disc-shaped, 
their  outline  forming  a  broad  elipse  (almost  a  circle)  with  a  major  axis  of 
about  ^  of  an  inch,  shining,  of  a  rich  dark  brown  colour,  sometimes  hol- 
lowed inwards  on  one  side,  but  not  umbilicate,  and  showing  no  trace  of  an 
elastic  cord  such  as  exists  in  Cyafhns.  Sporidia  colourless,  slightly  varying  in 
shape,  globose,  pear-shaped,  or  elliptical,  produced  on  sterigmata,  0"0002- 
0  0003  in.  across.— i^.C.  (Fig.  144 J 


Gen.  99. 


SFH^ROBOLUS,   Tode. 


Peridium  double,  the  inner  at  length  in- 
verted elastically,  and  ejecting  a  solitary  sub- 
globose  sporangium. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  312. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.  231.  {Fig.  145.) 


Fig.  145. 


1202. 


Sphserobolus    stellatus. 

Sph^robolus." 


Tode.       ''  Stellate 


Globose,  pale  yellow ;  mouth  regular,  stellato-dentate. — 
Berk.  Outl.  t.  21,  f.2.  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  231.  FcJcl.exs.  no.  124.h. 
Corda.Icon.Y.f.4.S.  Bisch.f.  364:3.  Tul.  Fung.  Hyp.  t.  21,  f.  11. 
Rahh.  F.  E.  no.  36. 


On  sawdust,  twigs,  &c.     Autumn. 


[United  States.] 


Plants  at  first  connected  by  a  web,  at  length  smooth,  subglobose,  yellow- 
ish ;  outer  peridium  consisting  of  two  substances,  lined  by  the  inner  peri- 
dium, which  is  quite  distinct  and  separated  by  some  moisture,  white,  pel- 
lucid, and  shining,  at  length  both  split  together  in  a  stellate  manner,  and 
the  inaier  becomes  suddenly  inverted,  while  in  general  it  still  remains  at- 
tached by  the  apices  of  the  stellate  margin,  and  the  sporangium  is  shot  forth 
to  a  considerable  distance.  Sporidia  ^^^  in.  long,  elliptic  or  curved  and 
irregular.     The  rays  of  the  outer  peridium  are  orange  within. — Eng  Fl. 

(Fig.  145.; 


Gen.  100. 


THELEBOLUS,  Tode. 


Peridium  sessile,  subrotund,  ur- 
ceolato-ventricose,  mouth  entire. 
Sporangium  papilleeform.  Spores 
mucous. — Fr.  S.M.ii.p.  307.  Eng. 
FLY.p.230.  {Fig.  146). 


Fig.  146. 


NIDIJLARIACEI. 


413 


1203. 


Thelebolus  terrestris.      A.  d;  S.      "  Ground 

Thelebolus." 


Heinisplierical,  saffron-yellow,  crowded,  seated  on  a  dense 
tomentose  subiculum. — A.  4'  S.  t.  2,/.  4.  Nees.f.  364.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  964.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  643.  Bisch.  f.  3646.  Kl.  exs.  ii.  no.  718. 
Corda.  Anl.  t.  D.f.  44,  no.  9-11. 

On  fir  leaves.     Richmond,  Yorks. 

(Fig.  146  J 

[Thelebolus  stercoreus.     Tode.    Was  inserted  in  English  Flora  on  the 
authority  of  Loudon,  and  has  not  since  been  confirmed.] 


Gen.  101.  POLYANGIUM,  Link. 


Peridium  subhemispherical,  hyaline, 
sporangia  large  in  proportion,  grumous 
within. — Berk.  Out!,  p.  312. 

{Fig.  147.) 


Fig.  147. 


1204.  Polyangium  vitellinum.     Bitm.    "Egg-yellow 

Polyangium." 

Minute,  scattered  ;  sporangia  lemon  yellow,  sporangioles  egg- 
shaped,  orange. — Ditm.  Sturm,  t.  21 .  Link.  Obs.  t.2,f.  66.  Berk. 
Outl.p.  312.   Corda.  Anl.  t.  C.f.  40,  no.  1-3.  Bisch.  f.  3628. 

On  fallen  trunks.     Rare.      King's  Cliffe. 

[United  States.] 

{F{g.  147.) 


MEI. 


Family  III.     CONIOMYCETES 

Spores  eitlier  solitary  or  concatenate,  produced  on  the  tips  of 
generally  short  threads,  which  are  either  naked,  or  contained  in 
a  perithecium,  rarely  compacted  into  a  gelatinous  mass. — Berh. 
Outlp.813. 

This  family  is  distinguislaed  by  the  vast  predominance  of  the  reproductive 
bodies  over  the  rest  of  the  plant,  if  not  in  size,  at  least  in  abundance,  and  from 
the  ease  with  which  in  general  they  fall  from  the  point  of  attachment,  in  con- 
sequence of  which,  as  the  name  implies,  they  have  a  dusty  appearance,  and 
often  soil  the  fingers  of  those  who  handle  them.  In  some  cases  there  is  a 
decided  perithecium  or  peridium  ;  in  others  there  is  no  approach  to  such  an 
organ,  and  in  very  nearly  allied  productions,  it  may  be  either  present  or  en- 
tirely absent.  Many  of  the  genera  are  doubtless  conditions  of  higher  forms. 
■ — See  Berk.  Introd.  p.  315. 


A. — Growing  on  dead  or  dying  plants. 
Subcutaneous. 

Perithecium  more  or  less  distinct  . 
Perithecium  obsolete  or  wanting  . 
Superficial. 

Fructifying  surface  naked. 

Spores  compound  or  tomiparous 

B. — Parasitic  on  living  plants  . 

Peridium  distinctly  cellular 

Peridium  none. 

Spores  subglobose,  simple,  or  deciduous 
Spores  mostly  oblong,  usually  septate 


Sphceronemei. 
Xfelanconiei. 


Torulacei. 

uEcidiacei. 

Cceomacei. 
Puccinicei. 


Order  XII.     SPH^RONEMEI. 

Perithecium  more  or  less  distinct,  free,  or  erumpent ;  spores 
basal  or  parietal,  simple,  or  septate,  sometimes  oozing  out  by  the 
contraction  of  the  perithecial  walls. — Berk.  Introd.  p.  330. 

The  structure  of  a  greater  part  of  them  is  much  the  same  ;  an  obscurely 
developed  perithecium,  minute  sporophores,  and  microscopic  spores.  It  is 
quite  certain  that  a  large  portion  of  the  so-called  species  of  Phoma,  Lejotos- 
troma,  Dijjlodia,  Hendersonia,  Ci/tispora,  SejAoria,  &c  ,  are  mere  cases  of  dua- 
lism. All,  indeed,  are  interesting,  so  far  as  ascertained  dualism  is  con- 
cerned, or  as  far  as  there  may  be  a  prospect  of  showing  that  they  are  the 
spermatogonia  or  pycnidia  of  ascophorous  species.-  M.J.B. 


J..— Spores  oozing  out  in  tendrils. 
Perithecia  delicate,  simple. 
Distinct. 

Spores  uniseptate  or  simple  . 
Spores  with  a  row  of  sporidiola 
Seated  on  discoloured  spots. 
Spores  ovoid  or  oblong 


Ascochyta. 
Darluca, 

Phyllosticta. 


SPH^ROXEXEI. 


415 


At  length  fissnred. 

Spores  more  or  less  globose   . 
Perithecia  more  or  less  incorporated. 

Spores  oblong  or  thread-shaped 
Perithecia  compound,  or  irregular. 

Spores  curved 

5.— Spores  oozing  out  in  a  globule. 
Perithecia  variable. 

Spores  minute 

C. — Spores  not  oozing  out  in  globules  or  tendrils, 
Perithecia  carbonaceous. 

With  a  papillate  ostiolum. 

Spores  minute 
Perforated. 

Spores  simple 
Spores  uni.~eptate  . 
Spores  multiseptate 
Spores  fasciculate,  fusiform  . 
Fissured. 

Spores  simple,  obovate  . 
Cup-shaped,  dimidiate  . 
Cylindrical. 

Spores  long,  flexuous 
Perithecia  bristly. 
]^outh!ess,  thin. 

Spores  vermiculate 
Excipuliform. 

Spores  attenuated  . 
Spores  aristate 
Spores  concatenate 
Perithecia  membranaceous. 
Not  flattened. 

Bursting  irregularly. 

Spores  simple 
Bursting  longitudinally. 

Spores  uniseptate  on  branched  sporo- 
phores       .... 
Opening  with  a  pore. 

Spores  simple .... 
Spores  filiform  appendiculate. 
Always  covered. 
Spores  fusiform 
Spores  crested 
More  or  less  flattened. 
Breaking  oS"  at  the  base. 
Spores  simple,  minute    . 
Spores  cylindrical,  oblong 
Spores  septate,  aristate 
Opening  irregularly. 

Spores  curved 
Gaping  and  innate. 

Spores  simple,  linear    , 
Irregular  and  wrinkled. 
Spores  rninute 
Spores  large,  obovate     . 
More  or  less  radiating. 
Spores  simple,  fusiform 


Cheilana. 

Septoria. 

Cytispora, 

Sphceronema. 

Aposphceria. 

Sphmropsis. 
Diplodia. 
Heiidersoaia. 
Prosthemium. 

Clmtenv.m. 
Rahenhorstia. 

Acrospermum, 

Vermicidairia. 

Excipula. 

D  ineraasporium. 

Myxormia. 

Coniolhyrium. 

Cystotricha. 

PTioraa. 
I)llop}iOsjpoTa. 

Cryptosporiu  ra . 
jVeottiospora, 

Leptostroma. 

Leptothyrium. 

Discosia. 

Pilidium. 

Micropera. 

Melasraia. 
Piggotia. 

Actiiwthyrium. 


416 


SPH^RONEMEI. 


Attached  to  creeping  threads. 

Spores  simple  or  uniseptate  .        .    Asteroma. 

Perithecia  spurious. 

Simple,  never  deficient  above. 

Spores  elongated Plilyctcena. 

Sometimes  excipuliform. 

Spores  elongated Discella. 

Multicellular. 

Spores  minute        .....     Cev,tTiospora> 

Spores  quaternate,  filiform   .        .        .    Erios^ora. 


Gen.   102. 


CONIOTHYRIU»I,  Corda. 


Perithecium  membranaceous, 
bursting  irregularly  or  trans- 
versely ;  spores  simple,  at 
length  free. — Berh.  Outl.p.^1^. 
{Fig.  148.) 


Fig.  148. 


1205. 


Coniothyrium  gloxneratuxn. 

Coniothyrium."' 


Corda.     "  Clustered 


Tufts  minute,  black.  Perithecia  in  heaps,  convex,  rugulose, 
brown ;  spores  oblong,  rounded  at  the  extremities,  colourless, 
hyaline. — Corda.  iv./.  108.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  752. 

On  elm  planks.     Nov. 

{Fig.  148.) 


Gen.  103. 


LEFTOSTIlOiyiA,  Fr. 


Fig.  149. 


Perithecium  membranaceous, 
flat,  breaking  off  at  the  base ; 
spores  simple,  minute. — Berk. 
Outl.  J).  313.  Fr,  S.M.  n.p.  597. 
{Fig.  149.) 


1206. 


Leptostroxna    caricinuxn. 

stroma." 


Fr,      "Sedge  Lepto- 


Subrotund,  unequal,  thin,  opaque,  entirely  falling  off,  and 
leaving  a  brown  spot. — Fr.  Ohs.  ii.  t.  7,/.  4.  S.M.  ii.p.  598.  Eng. 
Fl,  Y.p.  297.  FcU.  exs.  no.  186.  Fl.  exs,  no.  383. 

On  leaves  of  Car  ices.  [United  States.] 


SPH^EOXEMEI.  41 7 

The  perithecium  is  extremely  thin,  and  it  leaves,  when  fallen  off,  a  pale 
.brown  spot,  surrounded  by  a  little  raised  line.  Other  less  perfectly  defined 
spots,  but  of  the  same  size,  accompany  the  perfect  plant,  which  are  either 
old  worn  indi\aduals,  or  an  imperfectly  developed  state  ;  occasionally  in  the 
centre  of  these  there  is  a  white  spot. — M.J.  B.  (Fig.  1^9.) 

Leptostroma  JUXcrxuM,  Fr,  (Berk.  exs.  tw.  197)  is  undoubtedly  the  sty- 
losporous  condition  oi  Dothidea  jund. 

Leptostroma  FiLicixuii,  Ft.  (Cooke  exs.  710.  334)  is  an  incomplete  condi- 
tion of  iJothideaJilicma  Fr. 

Leptosteoma  tulgaee,  Fr.  is  an  imperfect  state  of  Hysterium  commune, 
Fr. 


1207.  Leptostroxna  litigiosum.     Desm.     '' Minute  fern 

Leptostroma." 

Peritliecia  somewhat  rounded,  very  minute,  punctiform,  scat- 
tered or  clustered  together,  brown-black,  sub-opaque,  at  length 
wholly  seceding. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Xat.  18-43,  xix./),  338.  Moug. 
exs.  no.  673.   Cooke  exs.  no.  335. 

On  dead  Pteris  aquilina.  [Low  &  ]\Iid.  Carolina.] 

Much  smaller  than  L.  filicinuvi.    Probably  a  condition  of  some  ascigerous 
fungus. 

1208.  Leptostxosna  spireae.      Fr.     "Meadow-sweet  Leptos- 

troma." 

Conglomerate,  connate,  irregular,  rugose,  shining  grey  within, 
at  length  separating  entirely  at  the  base. — Eng.  Fl.Y.jp.2^^. 
CooJce  exs.  no.  333.  Berk.  exs.  no.  46. 

On  dead  stems  of  Spircea  ulmaria.     Spring.     Common. 

[Low.  Carolina.] 


Gen.  104.  PHOMA,  Fr. 

f^  Perithecium  punctiform  or    subglobose, 

0  ^  often    spurious,    or  incorporated   with  the 

matrix,  discharging  the  minute  simple  spores 
by  a  small  orifice  at  the  apex.  Spores  mostly 
hyaline.— 5er/j.  Outl.p.  314.     {Fig.  150.) 

Probably  none  of  the  species  are  autonomous,  but 
Fig.  150.  they  must  he  retained  under  this  genus  until  satis- 

factorily referred  to  the  higher  forms  to  which  they 
respectively  belong. 


418  SPH^RONEMEI. 

Sect  1.     Clilorosporce — spores  slightly  coloured. 

1209.  Phoma  concentricuxn.     Vesm.     "  Concentric  Phoma." 

Spots  rounded,  whitish,  surrounded  by  a  brown  band,  pseudo- 
perithecia  numerous,  concentrical,  black,  opaque ;  spores  copious, 
Tery  minute,  subglobose. — Desm.Ann.S.N.^iii.p.  189.  Berk. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  197.  Depazea Agaves,  Mont.  Ann.  Sc.Nat.i.p. 344. 

Common  on  leaves  of  Yucca.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

Having  tlie  appearance  of  a  Phyllosticta  or  Depazea.  Spores  ('005  m.m.) 
•00019  in. 

1210.  Phoma  hederae.    Desm.     "Ivy  Phoma." 

Covered,  black ;  spores  hyaline,  subglobose. — Desm.  exs.  no  . 
850.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  284.  Berk.  exs.  no.  90.  Fr.  El.  ii.p.  119. 
Sphceropsis  HedercB.  Lev.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1846.  Y.p.  296. 

On  small  dead  shoots  of  ivy. 

Covered  witb.  the  blackened  epidermis,  which  is  pierced  with  a  ragged, 
round,  or  linear  orifice.     Spores  blackish,  not  truly  globose. — M.  J.  B. 

Sect.  2.     Hyalosporce — spores  hyaline. 

1211.  Phoma  asteriscus.     BerTi.     "  Starry  Phoma." 

Unilocular,  convex,  pitch-brown,  margin  nebulose,  spores  ob- 
long, sub-elliptic. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  394. 

On  dead  stems  of  Heracleum.     Nov. 

Forming  little  pitch-brown,  ratber  convex  dots,  with  a  paler  cloudy  nar- 
row border.  Mass  of  spores  surrounded  by  a  dark  cellular  stratum,  consist- 
ing of  hexagonal  cells,  confused  with  the  matrix,  but  scarcely  presenting  a 
definite  peritbecium.  Spores  narrow-oblong,  sub-elliptic,  but  by  no  means 
fiUform. — B.  d;  Br. 

1212.  Fhom.a  nothum..    Berk.     "  Bastard  Phoma." 

Perithecia  spurious,  here  and  there  elevated  below,  spores 
obovate. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  395. 

On  dead  plane  twigs.     Feb. 

Pustules  slightly  raised  ;  perithecia  spurious,  orbicular,  the  base  protrud- 
ing here  and  there  into  their  cavity.  Spores  obovate,  rather  pointed  at  the 
narrow  extremity. — B.  d;  Br. 

1213.  Phoma  lingam.    Desm.     '*  Cabbage  Phoma." 

Gregarious  ;  perithecia  irregular,  convex,  soon  depressed  and 
concave,  rugose,  black.  Spores  small,  oblong,  with  a  sporule  at 
each  extremity. — Desjn.  Ann.  Sc.Nat.  (1849^,  xi.  p.  281.  Desm. 


SPBL^HOXEI^EI.  *      419 

exs.no.  1877.    B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.no.^^D.*    Sphceria  lingam, 
Tode.f.iQ.  Fr.S.M.ii.p.oOl, 

On  old  cabbage  stalks. 

Spores  about  (-005  m.m.)  '00019  in. 

1214.  Phoma  radula.     B.  4' Br.     "  Rasp-like  Phoma." 

Perithecia  delicate,  broadly  conical ;  spores  oblong-elliptic. 
—B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  396. 

On  dead  twigs  of  plane.     Feb. 

Sprinkled  over  the  twigs,  wliich  renders  it  rough,  like  a  little  rasp  or 
grater  ;  epidermis  split  on  each  perithecium  ;  perithecia  delicate,  composed 
of  sub-hexagonal  cells ;  spores  minute,  oblong-elUptic,  \n.th  a  sporule  at 
either  extremity,  rarely  an  additional  sporule  in  the  centre. — B.ibBr. 

1215.  Fhozna  depressum.     B.^^Br.     "  Depressed  Phoma." 

Perithecia  spurious,  much  depressed  above,  stroma  slightly 
thickened,  olivaceous  ;  spores  oblong-elliptic. — B.  (|-.  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  397.   Cooke  exs.  no.  337. 

On  twigs  of  elm  and  Rohinia  pseud-acacia.     Feb. 

Scattered,  forming  little  pustules  pierced  by  the  orifice  ;  perithecia  much 
depressed,  spurious,  covered  by  an  olive-coloured  stroma.  Spores  minute, 
oblong-elliptic,  rather  pointed  at  either  extremity,  towards  which  there  is 
a  sporule.     Sometimes  there  is  more  than  a  single  cell. — B.  d;  Br. 

1216.  Phomo  eriophoruzn.     B.^^Br.     "  Cottony  Phoma." 

Perithecia  globose,  free,  at  first  pallid,  at  length  blackish,  to- 
mentose  below,  springing  from  a  similar  mycelium. — B.  ^'  Br. 
Ann. N.H. no.  812. 

On  Spanish  chestnuts. 

Perithecia  at  first  white,  globose,  clothed  more  or  less  with  white  or  yel- 
lowish cottony  down,  like  that  of  the  mycelium  from  which  they  spring;  at 
length  dark,  but  when  seen  by  transmitted  light,  reddish.  Spores  very 
abundant,  white,  slightly  curved,  "00025  ia.  ('006  m.m.)  long.— B.d:  Br> 

1217.  Phoma  samarozuxn.     Lesm.     "Ash-key  Phoma." 

Forming  black  spots,  closely  covered  by  the  cuticle;  perithecia 
convex,  black,  pierced;  spores  minute,  oblong-elliptic. — Desm. 
exs.  no.  349, 1875.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  398.  Cooke  exs.  no. 
160. 

On  Samari  of  ash.     Jan.     Common. 

Forming  conspicuous  black  spots  ;  cuticle  closely  applied  to  the  perithecia; 
perithecia  convex,  black,  pierced  in  the  centre  ;  spores  minute,  oblong- 
eUiptic,  with  a  sporule  towards  either  extremity. — B.d:Br. 


420  SPH^EOXEMEI. 

1218.  Phoma  piceum.     B.d:  Br.     "  Pitchy  Phoma." 

Hypophyllous ;     perithecia    spurious,  pitch-brown,    convex, 

closely  connected  with  the  epidermis  ;  spores  oblong-elliptic. — 

B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  399. 

On  the  under  surface  of  dead  rose  leaves.     Feb. 

Scattered,  pustules  conspicuous,  convex,  pitch-brown  ;  cuticle  closely  con- 
nected with  the  spurious  perithecia;  spores  pure  white,  minute,  oblong- 
elliptic,  with  a  sporule  at  either  extremity.— £.  <&  Br. 

1219.  Phoma  sticticum.     B.  <f  Br.     "  Pied  Phoma." 

Scattered;  very  minute  ;  covered  by  the  cuticle,  which  at  length 
splits  longitudinally ;  spores  oblong-elliptic,  with  a  sporule  at 
either  extremity. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  400. 

On  dead  twigs  of  box.     Feb. 

1220.  Phoma  e:siguum.    Desm.     *'  Little  Phoma." 

Perithecia  numerous,  scattered  or  approximate,  small,  rounded 
or  ovate,  opening  with  a  pore,  covered  by  the  cuticle,  brownish 
when  moist,  blackish  when  dry,  and  rather  shining.  Spores  nu- 
merous, ovoid,  very  minute,  hyaline. — Desm.  exs.  no.  1869.  B.  ^ 
Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  400.* 

On  shoots  of  elder,  &c. 

Spores  about  ^  m.m.  Very  different  from  Sporocadvs  exiUs,  Corda, 
and  He/idersonia  exilis,  Lev.,  to  which  some  authors  have  referred  it. 

1221.  Phoma  devastatirix.     B.^^Br.     "  Destructive  Phoma." 

Perithecia  very  minute,  punctiform,   black,   globose ;   spores 
oblong,  2-3  nucleate. — B.  4"  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  813. 
On  Lobelias.     Aug. 

This  minute  species,  all  but  invisible  to  the  naked  eye,  was  most  destruc- 
tive in  gardens  in  1856.  The  perithecia  are  globose,  and  perforated  with  a 
minute  round  aperture  ;  the  spores  are  oblong,  hyaline,  containing  from  2 
to  3  nuclei  •CU04--00033  in.  ('Ol-'OOS  m.  m.)  \ong.—B.<hBr. 

1222.  Phoma  m.icroscopicum.     B.^'Br.   "  Microscopic  Phoma." 

Perithecia  subglobose,  scattered  beneath  the  epidermis,  which 
is  blackened  above  the  ostiola,  spores  oblong-elliptic. — B.  &  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  ^01. 

On  dead  stems  of  Potamogefon. 

Forming  scattered,  very  minute  dark  brown  dots  on  discoloured  patches  ; 
beneath  each  dot  is  seated  a  distinct  subglobose,  smooth  perithecium,_  with 
no  visible  mycelium,  very  slightly  conical  above,  pierced  with  a  round  simple 
ostiolum.  Spores  oblong-elliptic,  variable  in  size,  having  occasionally,  but 
not  constantly,  a  sporidiolum  at  either  extremity.— .B.  d:  Br' 


SPH^EOXEilEI.  421 

1223.  Fhoma  nebulosum.     BerTi.     "  Cloudy  Plioma." 

Covered  ;  perithecia  very  minute,  gregarious,  forming  inter- 
rupted, grey,  cloud-like  sub-longitudinal  spots,  ostiola  rather 
prominent,  acute. — Berk.  Outl.p.  31-4.  Sphceria  nehulosa,  Pers. 
Syn.p.?A.  Eng.Fl.x.p.lhQ.  Nees.f.Ul.  Fr.  S.  MM.pA?jO. 

On  dead  herbaceous  stems.      Common. 

Easily  known  by  its  long  grey  patches,  dotted  with  the  ostiola. 

1224.  Fhoma  longissimum.     Berk,     "  Very  long  Phoma." 

Covered,  black ;  perithecia  minute,  running  together  into  ex- 
tremely long  parallel  rows,  ostiola  obsolete ;  spores  elliptical  or 
slightly  curved,  with  two  nuclei. — Berk.  Outl.p.  314.  Sphoeria 
longissima,  Pers.  Si/n.p.Sl.  Fr.  S.M.ii.p.  4:31.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p. 
256.   Curr.  Linn.  Trans,  xxii.^.  285. 

On  dead  stems  of  Umhelliferce,  &c. 

Known  by  the  narrow,  linear,  black  patches,  extendingfrom  joint  to  joint, 
1223.  Phoma  petiolorum.    Ptoh.     '•  Petiole  Phoma." 

Perithecia  scattered,  globose  or  ovate,  black,  covered  by  the 
epidermis,  papillate,  at  length  pierced  with  a  terminal  pore. 
Nucleus  whitish.  Sporidia  minute,  ovoid-oblong,  with  two 
nucleoli. — Desm.  Ann.  des.  ScNat.  18-47,  viii.  p.  16.  West.  ^ 
Wall.  exs.  n.  471.   Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  /.  13. 

On  petioles  oi  Bohinia  pseud-acacia.     Feb. 

1226.  Fhoxna  glandicola.     Lev.     "''Acorn  Phoma." 

Perithecia  gregarious,  erumpent,  subglobose,  smooth,  black, 
surrounded  by  the  lacerated  epidermis.  Ostiolum  scarcely  con- 
spicuous. Spores  minute,  ovate,  simple,  pellucid. — Lev.  Ann. 
Sc.  Nat.  1846,  v.^9. 281.  Cooke  Seem.  .Journ.  Bot.  lY.f.l-i.  Sporo- 
nema  glandicola,  Desm. 

On  acorns  which  had  lain  some  time  on  the  ground. 

[Low  Carolina.] 

Sect.  3.     Lignicolce.     On  bleached  wood. 

1227.  Phoma     inophilum.       Berk.       "  Maple-plank  Phoma." 

Spots  indeterminate,  silky- shining  ;  perithecia  oblong,  spores 
oblong,  very  minute. — Berk.  Hook.  Journ.  1853,  p.  40,  t.  3,/.  4. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  735. 

On  maple  planks.     Xov. 


422  SPH^EOXEMEI. 

Forming  shining  patches,  which  contrast  strongly  with  the  rest  ofthesuf- 
face;  spores  extremely  minute,  just  distinguishable  with  a  power  of  250 
diameters,  '0006  in.  (-0015  m.m.)  long  j  oblong,  with  a  sporule  at  either  ex- 
tremity.— J/.  /,  B. 

1228.  Fhoma  xnuciferum.     Berh     "  Mucous  Phom a." 

Perithecia  scattered,  oblong  ;  spores  very  minute,  involved  in 
mucus. — Berk.  Hook.  Journ,  p.  1853,^9.  40,  t.  3,/.  5.  Ann.  N.H. 
no,  736. 

On  elm  planks.     I^ov. 

Spores  discharged  from  the  base  when  ruptured  in  a  cirrhiform  string, 
extremely  minute,  oblong,  with  a  nucleus  at  either  extremity.  The  mucous 
substance  in  which  the  spores  are  involved  is  so  little  soluble,  that  they  are 
not  dispersed  as  in  other  species. — M.J.  £. 

1229.  Phoma  ulmicola.     Berk.    "  Elm-plank  Phoma." 

Spots  brown  ;  perithecia  rather  crowded ;  spores  small,  ellip- 
tic, hyaline. — Berk.  Hook.  Journ.  18b3,p.  40,  t.  3,/.  3.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  737. 

On  elm  planks.     Nov. 

Forming  little  oblong  brown  patches.  Spores  '0008  in.  ("002  m.m.)  long; 
nuclei  obsolete. 

1230.  Phoma   epileucum.       Berk.      '•  Bleached  Fir  Phoma." 

Spots  indeterminate ;  perithecia  elongated  ;  spores  hyaline, 
rather  large,  oblong,  without  nuclei. — Berk.  Hook.  Journ.  1853, 
p.  40,  t.  3,/.  2.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  738. 

On  bleached  pine  planks.     Dec. 

Perithecia  black,  minute,  elongated,  following  the  direction  of  the  fibres. 
Spores  perfectly  colourless,  oblong,  -00015  in.  ("OOSS  m.m.)  long,  sometimes 
slightly  broader  at  one  extremity,  without  any  definite  nuclei. — M.J.B. 

1231.  Phoma  fibxicola.    Berk.     "  Fibre-loving  Phoma." 

Spots  indeteiminate ;  perithecia  minute,  elongated ;  spores 
ovate  and  elliptic,  greenish. — Berk.  Hook.  Journ.  1853,/?.  40,  t.  3, 
/.I.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  7  39. 

On  oak,  ash,  and  elm.     Nov. 

Perithecia  mostly  scattered,  but  sometimes  forming  distinct  groups,  elon- 
gated, following  the  course  of  the  fibres  ;  spores  ovate  or  sub-elliptic,  larger 
than  in  most  species  '00023  in.  ('006  m.m.)  long,  of  a  delicate  olive  green, 
without  distinct  nuclei. — M.  J.  B. 

1232.  Phoma  bicuspidatum.      Berk.      "  Two  pointed  Phoma.' 
Spots   indeterminate;    perithecia    elongated;    spores  large, 


SPH^EONEMEI.  423 

apiculate  at  eitlier  end,  hyaline,  binucleate. — BerTc.  HooJc.  Journ. 
1853,;?.  40,  t.  3,/.  6.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  740. 

On  pine  planks.     Dec. 

Perithecia  elongated,  black,  minute,  following  the  direction  of  the  fibres,  at 
first  scattered,  at  length  often  confluent.  Spores  "0003  in.  ("0076  m.m.)  long, 
shortly  fusiform,  apiculate  at  either  end,  variable  in  size,  and  in  the  degree 
of  acumination,  hyaline,  containing  two  sporules ;  seated  on  slender  sporo- 
phores.— J/.  /.  B. 

Gen.  105.  LEPTOTHYRIUM,  Kunze. 

Perithecium  flat,  irregular,  at  length  breaking  off  at  the  base  ; 
spores  cylindrical,  oblong,  or  irregular. — Berk.  Outl.p.  314. 

The  species  in  this  genus  are  also  doubtfully  autonomous. 

1233.  Leptothyrium  juglandis.     Lih.     "  Walnut  Leptothyrium." 

Hypophyllous.  Spots  orbicular,  greyish  ;  perithecia  flattened, 
minute,  rugose,  brown ;  nucleus  grey  ;  spores  ellipsoid. — Lib. 
exs.  no.  164.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  402.  Cooke  exs.  no.  152. 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  201.  Cooke^  L.  F.  no.  60. 

On  half  dead  walnut  leaves.     Autumn. 

1234.  Leptothyrium.  fragariae.     Lih.     "  Strawberry  Lepto- 

thyrium," 

Epiphyllous.  Spots  indeterminate,  reddish  ;  perithecia  flat- 
tened, rugose,  shining,  black;  nucleus  grey;  spores  cylindrical 
with  4-5  sporules. — Lih.  exs.  no.  162.  Cooke  exs.  no.  153.  Cooke , 
L.F.no.62. 

On  strawberry  and  Potentillce. 

1235.  Leptothyrium  xibis.     Lih.     "  Currant  Leptothyrium." 

Epiphyllous.  Spots  orbicular,  minute,  confluent,  brown ; 
perithecia  flattened,  red-brown;  nucleus  white;  spores  ovate, 
curved. — Lih.  exs.  no.  258.  Cooke  exs.  no.  151.  Cooke,  L.  F.  no.  61. 

On  leaves  of  red  currant.     Autumn, 

Gen.  106.  ACTINOTHYRIUM,  Kunze. 

Perithecia  orbicular, 
radiato-fibrous  ;  spores 
fusifoiTQ,  slender,  sim- 
ple — Berk.Outl.p.  315. 
Eng.Fl.Y.p.I'd^. 
(Fig.\h\) 

Fig.  151. 


424 


SPH^EOXEMEI. 


1236.     Actinothyrium  graminis.      Kze.     "  Grass  Actinothyrium." 

Perithecia  irregularly  gregarious,  orbicular,  adnata,  umbonate; 
margin  radiating  ;  spores  slender,  curved,  fusiform. — Kze.  M.H. 
ii.  t2J.  3.  Fr.  S.M.  \i.p.  597.  Grev.  t.  218.  Moug.  exs.  no.  637. 
Eng.  FLy.p.296.  Cooke  exs. no.  338.  Fckl.  exs.no.  b66.  Bisch. 
f.  3581.  Bail.  1. 15.   Pay.f.  369. 

On  leaves  and  culms  of  grasses.     Spring. 

Forming  little,  round,  very  fiat  black  spots,  with  a  central  umbo,  of  a  close, 
radiating,  fibrous  structure.  (Fig.  Ihl.) 


Gen.  107. 


CRYPTOSPORIUM,  Kunze. 


Perithecium  always  covered  by  the  cuticle, 
carnoso-membranaceous,  at  length  pierced  ; 
spores  fusiform,  simple. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  315. 

(Fig.  152.) 


Fig.  152. 

1237.         Cryptospoxium  Cazicis.    Corda.    "  Sedge  Cryptosporium." 

Perithecia  very  minute,  scarcely  conspicuous,  hypophyllous, 
crowded,  rounded,  brown ;  spores  fusiform,  straight  or  curved, 
hyaline,  brown. — Corda.  Sturm,  ii.  t.  50.  B.  4' Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
403.  i^r.  ^S. J/,  iii.^.  482.  Bisch.  f.  3839.  Berk.exs.no.  307. 

On  leaves  of  different  Carices.  {Fig.  152.) 

Cryptosporium  Neesii.  Corda.  has  been  proved  to  be  a  stylos- 
porous  condition  of  Valsa  siiffusa,  Fr. 


Gen.  108. 


SFK^XRONEIVIA,  Tode. 


Perithecia  free,  opaque,  or  hya- 
line ;  spores  minute,at  length  oozing 
out  by  the  ostiolum,  and  forming  a 
globule.  — Berk.  Outl.  p.  315.  Fng. 
Fl.  Y.p.  281.  {Fig.  153.; 


Fig.  153. 


sph^ronejiei.  425 

1238.  Sphaeronema  subulatum.     Tode.    "Awl-shaped 

Sphseronema." 

Perithecia  grumous,  between  conical  and  subulate,  acute,  yel- 
lowish ;  globule  paler. — Fr.  Obs.i.p.l87.  Fries,  exs.  no.'^2o. 
Grev.t.lSd.  Tode.  f.  117.  Fng.  Fl.v.p.  281.  FcJcl.exs.no.  773. 
Bisch.f.  3532.  Bail.  1. 14. 

On  hard  blackened  Agarics.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

At  first  sight  resembling  a  Stilhura.    Yaries  considerably  in  form,  being 
Bometimes  almost  linear.  (Fig.  153.^ 

1239.  Sphaeronema     vitreum.       Corda.       '■  Glassy 

Sphceronema." 

Perithecia  minute,  transparent,  pale  yellow,  more  or  less  in- 
flated below,  with  a  long  neck,  fimbriate  ;  spores  oblong,  obtuse, 
or  subtruncate  ;  globule  pale  yellow. —  Corda.\.f.2%7.  S.hle- 
pharistoma.  Berk.  Mag.  Zool.  S,-  Bot.  no.  57,  1. 16,  f.  4,  ^  ?io.  196. 
Berk.  exs.  no.  189. 

On  Russula  adusta,  Lactarii,  nettles,  &c. 

Perithecia  scarcely  exceeding  half  a  line  in  height,  often  much  more  mi- 
nute, varying  greatly  in  form,  but  in  general  more  or  less  inflated  at  the 
base,  occasionally  conico-subulate,  often  confluent,  mostly  furnished  with  a 
long,  distinct,  slender  neck,  the  orifice  of  which  is  fringed  with  a  single  row 
of  distinct  filaments,  which  are  the  apices  of  those  of  which  the  perithecium 
is  composnd.  Sporidia  larger  than  in  -S'.  soJjv.lato.m^  flowing  out  and  formi 
an  elongated  subpersistent  pale  yellow  globule. — B.  <L'  Br. 

1240.  Sphaeronema  leucoconium.     B.S^'Br.      "White 

Sphseronema." 

Gregarious;  perithecia  hyaline,  plano-convex,  depressed,  rather 
irregular,  seated  on  snow-white  flocci ;  spores  minute,  elliptic. — 
B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no  405. 

On  decaying  roots  of  beet.     Xov.     Bang's  Cli£fe. 

Forming  a  thin  stratum,  consisting  of  minute,  depressed,  sub-hemispheri- 
cal, or  irregular  white  perithecia,  simply  pierced  with  a  minute  pore,  and 
seated  on  branched  white  threads,  of  which  a  few  spring  from  the  sides. 
There  is  no  papillaaform  or  elongated  ostiolum,  but  the  convex  perithecium 
is  merely  pierced  in  the  centre.—  B.  cL*  Br. 

1241.  Sphaeronema   epimyces.      Berk.       '"  Parasitic 

Sphgeronema.''' 

Gregarious,  immersed  m  purplish  spots,  perithecia  globose, 
papillate,  black;  nucleus  white;  spores  — ? — Berk.  Outl.  p. 
315.  SphcBria  epimyces^  i^r.  /S.M.  ii.jj.  499.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  187. 


426  SPH^EONEMEI. 

On  decayed  Corticium  comedens.     Milton.     Norths. 

Aposph^ria  acuta.       Berk.      See   Sphoeria   coniformis. — 
Cooke  exs.  no.  223.  [United  States.] 

AposPHiERiA  coMPLANATA.    Berk.    See  Sphceria  complanata, 
— Co okeexs.no.  224:.  [United  States.] 

Gen.  109.  SPHJEROPSIS,  Lev. 

Perithecia  distinct,  carbonaceous ;  spores 
various,  simple,  escaping  by  a  perforation 
at  the  apex. — Berk.  Outl.p.SlQ. 

{Fig.  154.) 


Fig.  154. 

1242.  Sphaeropsis  atrovirens.    lev.    "  Greenish-black 

Sphaeropsis," 

Scattered,  at  first  greenish,  then  blackish ;  perithecia  some- 
what immersed,  globose  and  ovate,  disc  erumpent,  rugulose,  at 
length  torn. — Sphceria  atro-virens.  A.  ^  S.  t.  2^f,  1.  Kze.  M.H. 
ii.t.lj.2.  Fr.  S. M.  u.  p.  601,  in  part.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.  212. 

On  dead  misletoe  twigs. 

Sph^ropsis  Candollii,  B.  ^  Br.  is  a  stylosporous  condi- 
tion of  Sphcerella  Buxi.  B.C. — Cooke  exs.  no.lb^. 

[Mid.  Carolina.] 

SPHJ2R0PSIS  LEucosTiGMA,  B.  ^  Br.  is  E  Condition  of  Sphce- 
rella  Hederce. — Sow. 

1243.  Sphaexopsis  cylindxospoxa.    JDesm.    "  Straight-spored 

Sphgeropsis." 

Amphigenous,  black,  shining,  punctiform ;  perithecia  very 
small,  numerous,  densely  scattered,  globose,  covered  by  the 
epidermis,  opening  by  a  pore,  then  collapsing  and  concave  ; 
spores  hyaline,  straight,  cylindrical,  obtuse  at  both  ends. — Besm. 
Ann.  Sc.Nat.  1849,^9.277.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  418.  Dip- 
lodia  Desmazierii.   Gard.  Fl.  Forf.p.  298. 

On  ivy  leaves  and  petioles.     Spring. 

Eemarkable  for  the  linear  straight  spores,  exceeding  their  diameter  i^ 
length  6-7  times.  The  spots  are  far  smaller  than  in  mature  specimens  of  o. 
leucostigma.- B.  d:  Br.    Spores  ('025  m.m.)  '009  in.  long. 


SPH^EONEMEI.  427 

1244.  Sphaeropsis     Ralfsii.      B.SBr.      "  Haifa's 

Sphasropsis." 

Perithecia  scattered,  punctiform,  strongly  collapsed  ;  spores 
very  minute,  oblong.— 5.  ^-Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  419. 

On  ivy  leaves.     Aberystwyth. 

Scattered  over  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaf,  punctiform,  black,  strongly 
collapsed,  and  presenting  the  appearance  of  accurately  defiued  excipula  j 
spores  oozing  out,  on  the  appUcation  of  moisture,  from  a  central  pore,  ex- 
tremely minute,  oblong. 

1245.  Sphaeropsis  parca.    B.  &  Br.     "  Sparse  SphEeropsis." 

Peritbecia  minute,  collapsed  ;  spores  oblong,  4-5  longer  than 
their  diameter. — B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  420*. 

On  leaves  of  Ahies  excelsa.     Jan.     "Wiltshire. 

Scattered  sparingly  on  the  leaves  ;  perithecia  collapsed  when  dry,  so  as  not 
to  rise  at  aU  above  the  surface,  black  ;  spores  oblong,  sub-cylindrical,  ob- 
tuse at  either  end,  but  often  suddenly  attenuated  at  one  extremity,  4-5  times 
longer  than  their  diameter. — B.  d:  Br. 

1246.  Sphasropsis  strobi.    B.  ^^  Br.     "  Fir-needle  Spharopsis.' 

Perithecia  minute,  collapsed;  spores  linear,  6-7  times  longer 
than  their  diameter. — B.  I' Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  421. 

On  leaves  of  Pinus  strobus.     Mar.     Wilts. 

Very  like  S.  parca,  but  scarcely  so  much  collapsed.  It  differs  in  the  longer, 
narrower  spores,  which  are  never  attenuated  suddenly. — B.  d:  Br. 

1247.  Sphaeropsis  geniculata.     B.  <^'  Br.     "  Oblique-spored 

Spharopsis." 

Perithecia  globose,  ostiolum  conical,  prominent ;  spores  curved, 
equal,  obtuse,  4-5  times  longer  than  their  diameter,  fixed  at 
an  obtuse  angle. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  421*. 

On  leaves  of  Pinus  strobus,  with  S.strobi. 

Perithecia  globose  covered  by  the  epidermis,  which  they  pierce  by  means 
of  their  prominent  conical  ostiola  ;  spores  cylindricalj  curved,  obtuse  at  either 
end,  tixed  at  an  obtuse  angle  obliquely  to  long  delicate  sporophores,  some- 
times there  is  a  nucleus  at  either  extremity.—^.  dsBr. 

1248.  Sphaeropsis  epitzicha.    B.^-Br.     "  Byssoid  Sphceropsis." 

Perithecia  globose,  seated  upon  a  furcato-ramose  mycelium ; 
spores  oblong,  three  times  longer  than  their  diameter. — B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  422. 

On  dead  stems  oi  Equisetum  palustre.     Wilts. 

V  2 


428  SPH^EO^^EMEI. 

rerithecia  globose,  seated  beneath  a  discoloured  cinereons  spot,  springing 
from  forked  septate  threads,  spores  oblong,  about  three  times  longer  than 
their  diameter.  The  forked  septate  threads  of  the  mycelium,  with  their  ob- 
tuse apices,  are  very  remarkable. — B.d'Br. 

1249.  Sphaeropsis  xnutica.     B.  ^  Br.     "  Smooth  Sphasropsis." 

Enimpent ;  peritliecia  globosej  obtuse,  more  or  less  csespitose, 
black,  shining ;  spores  very  small,  hyaline,  elliptic,  or  obovate. 
—B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  422*. 

On  small  branches  of  elder.     Batheaston. 

This  has  exactly  the  habit  of  a  Dqolodia. 

1250.  Spheeropsis  menispora.     B.  ^^  Br.     "  Long-spored 

Sphceropsis." 

Concealed  entirely  beneath  the  cuticle,  except  the  round  ostio- 
lum  ;  perithecia  ellipsoidal,  black ;  spores  very  long,  curved, 
acute  at  either  end,  containing  many  scattered,  globose,  pellucid 
nuclei. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  425. 

On  dead  leaves  of  Typha.     Spye  Park,  Wilts. 

The  nuclei  are  not  arranged  regularly  in  a  single  row,  and  therefore  do  not 
represent  endochromes. 

1231.  Sphsezopsis  malozuxn.    Berk.     "  Apple  Spbasropsis." 

Globose  or  subglobose,  covered  with  the  blackened  cuticle ; 
stroma  blackish,  ostiola  erumpent,  more  or  less  strongly  papillae- 
form  ;  spores  greenish,  elliptical,  margined,  granular. — BerJc. 
Outl. p.  316.  Sphoeria  malorum.  Eng.  Fl.\. p.2bl .  DipAodial 
malorum.  Curr.  Linn.  Trans,  xxii.  t.  49,/.  205. 

On  apples  lying  on  the  ground.     Winter. 

Spores  "0012  in.  ("03  m,  m.)  long. 

Sph^ropsis  aruxdixacea,  Lev,  is  evidently  a  condition  of 
SphcBvia  arundinacea. —  Sow. 

1252.  Sphaeropsis  taxi.     Berk.     "  Yew-leaf  Sphceropsis." 

Gregarious,  covered  with  the  epidermis,  which  becomes  grey ; 
perithecia  sub-immersed,  convex,  black,  at  length  piercing  the 
epidermis  by  a  pore  ;  spores  —  ? — BerJc.  Oiitl.  p.  316.  Sphceria 
Taxi,  Eng.  Fl.  x.p.  21'2.  Sow.  t.  394,/.  6.  Cryp)tosph(Eria  Taxi. 
Grev.  t.l2>. 

On  dead  yew  leaves. 


SPH^EOXEilEI.  429 

1253.  Sphaeropsis  alismatis.     Curr.    "  Water  Plantain 

Spheeropsis. " 

Peritheciasubglobose,  chestnut-coloured.      Spores  colourless, 
bordered,  elliptical,  subglobose  or  turbinate,  with  sometimes  the 
a[)parent  remains  of  a  peduncle. — Curr.  Linn.  Trans,  xxii.^;.  334. 
On  Alisma  plantago. 
Spores  •0004--000O  in.  ('Ol-'Ol^o  m.m.)  long. 

Gen.  110.  DOTKZORA,    Fr. 

Nucleus  slowly  dereloped,  gelatinoso-grumous,  black,  im- 
mersed in  an  erumpent  stroma,  sub-carbonaceous  externallj, 
fleshy  within,  always  astomous ;  spores  pedicellate,  obovate, 
simple. — Berk.  Outl.p.  316. 

1254.  Dothiora  pyrenophora.     Fr.     "  Apple-twig  Dothiora." 

Erumpent,  elliptic,  piano-depressed,  even,  black,  internally 
white. — Dothidea  pyrenophoraj  Fr.  S.M.  ii, p.  hh2.  Berk.  Ann. 
N.H.no.  199.  Berk.  exs.  no.  282. 

On  apple  and  pear  twigs.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

In  my  copy  of  Berkeley's  British  Fungi,  Xo.  282,  the  spores  are  brown, 
uniseptate,  and  quite  undistinguishable  from  those  of  a  JJiplodia. 

1255.  Sothiota  sphseroides.     Fr.     '•' Ash-twig  Dothiora." 

Gregarious,  subfasciculate,  erumpent,  irregularly  angular,  be- 
coming plane,  black,  internally  white. — Dothidea  sphceroides,Fr. 
S.M.  ii.p.  552.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  198. 

On  ash  twigs.     Common. 

Dr.  Capron  believes  that  he  has  traced  this  to  a  Dijjlodia,  when  matnre. 

Gen.  111.  CLINTERIUM,    Fr. 

Perithecium  erumpent,  free,  carbonaceous,  bursting  by  fissures 
at  the  apex  ;  nucleus  gelatinoso-floccose  ;  spores  simple. — Berk. 
Outl.p. 316.  Fr.S.V.S.p.US. 

1256.  Clinterium  obturatum.     Fr.      "  Ling  Clinterium." 

Erumpent,  nearly  free,  even,  regular,  black ;  rimoso-dehis- 
cent,  at  length  collapsed. — Summ.  V.  S.  p.  418.  Berk.  Out!,  p. 
316.  Sphoeria  ohturata.  Fr.  S.M.  ii.p.  495.  Fries,  exs.  no.  128. 
Fng.FLY.p.271. 

On  leaves  of  ling.     Appin. 


430 


SPH^EONEMEI. 


Gen.  112. 


ACROSPERMUM,  Tode. 


Perithecia  cylindrical,  free ; 
spores  long,  asciform,  flexuous, 
erect. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  S17. 

(Fig.  156.) 


1257. 


Acxospezmuxn  compressum. 

Acrospermum." 


Tode.     "  Compressed 


Lanceolate  or  clavate,  somewhat  compressed,  of  an  olivaceous 
black.— roc?^^.  2,/.  13.  Fr.  S.M.\\.p.24.b.  Berk,  exs.no.  270. 
Grev.  1. 182.  Bisch,  f.  3406.  Eiig.  Fl.Y.p.  221.  Lib.  exs.  no.  32. 
Clav.  herhaimm.  Pers.  Com.  t.  3,/.  4.  Sow.  t.  253.  Moug.  exs.  no. 
671.   Clav.  compressa.  Purt.  1. 19,/.  3.  Fchl.  exs.  no.  776. 

On  various  dead  herbaceous  plants.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

1^-2  lines  high,  at  length  concentrically  grooved  at  the  apex,  when  dry 
longitudinally  sulcate  and  sometimes  twisted. — 3f.  J.  B.  (Fig.  156.) 

1258.      Acrospermum  gram.inum.    Lib.     "Grass  Acrospermum." 

Scattered,  minute,  linear,  blackish  ;  perithecia  cylindrical  at 
the  base,  transversely  undulated,  annulate  above,  conical ;  spores 
very  long,  colourless. — Lib.  exs.  no. '^Z.  Corda.  iii.  f.  7S.  Berh, 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  164.  KL.  exs.  no.  1553.  FcJd.  exs  no.  777.  Bail, 
t.  14. 

On  dead  grasses. 

The  contents  of  the  perithecia,  which  consist  of  Tery  long  linear  bodies, 
ar«  at  length  discharged  at  the  apex. 


Gen.  113. 


DIFLODIA,  Fr. 


Perithecia  distinct,  carbonaceous;  spores 
uniseptate,  escaping  by  a  perforation  at  the 
Si^Q^.—BerJc.  Outl.  p.  317.      (Fig.  157.) 


Fig.  157 


SPH^ROXE^EI.  431 

1259.  ©iplodia  mutila.    Fr.    ''  Poplar  Diplodia." 

Black,  stroma  innate,  perithecia  confluent,  globose  ;  superior 
portion  prominent,  unequal,  rugose;  ostiola  simple. — B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.  JSf.H.noAOl.  De.Not.  Act.  Tur.  1845,  vii.  Dec.  4,/.  7. 
Sph.  mutila.  Fr.  S.M.  ii.  p.  424. 

On  dead  poplar  twigs. 

1260.  Diplodia  confluens.    B.  d- Br.     "  Confluent  Diplodia." 

Perithecia  confluent,  spots  small,  depressed,  somewhat  col- 
lapsed; ostiolum  obsolete. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.U.  no.  408.  D. 
mutila  Desm.  exs.  no.  1880. 

On  ivngs  of  Daphne  Laureola.     July.     Milton.     Norths. 

Forming  small,  often  confluent  spots,  snrrounde  i  by  tlie  free  raised  cnticle; 
perithecia  irregnlar,  confluent,  depressed,  somewhat  collapsed,  with  no 
evident  ostiolum:  spores  oblong.  Forms  far  larger  patches  than  ini>.  mutila. 
^M.J.B. 

1261.  Diplodia    caespitosa.      B.  ^^  Br.      "Csespitose  Diplodia." 

Ceespitose,  blaclv ;  perithecia  globose,  ostiolum  papillaeform; 
spores  oblong. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  409. 

On  twigs  of  ivy.     King's  Cliffe. 

Bursting  in  little  black  tufts  through  the  cuticle ;  perithecia  globose, 
black ;  spores  pale-yellow,  hyaline,  oblong,  with  a  broad  distinct  border  ; 
endochrome  simple,  without  any  distinct  nuclei. — B.  itBr. 

1262.  Diplodia  vulgaris.     Lev.     "  Common  Diplodia." 

Perithecia  globose,  innate,  gregarious,  covered  with  the  cracked 
epidermis  ;  ostiola  prominent ;  contents  white  ;  spores  bilocular, 
— Lev.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  May  1846,  p.  291.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
410.   Coohe  exs.  no.  340. 

On  twigs  of  various  trees.  [United  States.] 

{Fig  157.) 

1263.  Diplodia  herbarum.     Lev.     "  Herbaceous  Diplodia." 

Caulicolous,  erumpent,  gregarious,  perithecia  oblong,  convex, 
black,thenirregularlj  depressed  ;  spores  oblong,  uniseptate,  con- 
tracted slightly  at  the  septum,  brown. — Lev.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (1846) 
v.^.  292.  Sporocadus  herbarum.  Corda  iii. /.  63.  Coohe  exs.  no. 
339. 

On  stems  of  herbaceous  plants.     Common. 


4^32  SPH^RONEMEI. 

Sometimea  scattered,  commonly  gregarious,  often  in  lines  beneath  the 
cuticle,  erumpent.  Numerous  species  have  already  been  described  of  this 
gpnus,  which  is  doubtless  but  a  condition  of  higher  forms.  The  fruit  differs 
80  slightly  in  the  species  on  different  herbaceous  stems,  that  we  hesitate  to 
characterise  them  as  distinct. 

1264.  Diplodia  ilicicola.     Desm.     "  Holly-twig  Diplodia." 

Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1838,  x.  j?.  311 .  Desm.  exs.  no.  988.  Berh. 
Ann.  N.II.  no.  20G,  1. 11,/.  7. 

On  dead  Lolly  twigs. 

We  have  seen  no  published  character  of  this  species. 

1263.  Diplodia  viticola.     Desm.     "  Vine-twig  Diplodia." 

Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1838,  x.  p.  311.  Desm.  exs.  no.  989.  Berk. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  201 .  FcJcl.  exs.  no.  541. 

On  vine  branclies.     King's  Cliffe.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

We  have  met  with  no  published  character  of  this  species. 

1266.  Diplodia  paupercula.     B.^^Br.     "  Plane.twig  Diplodia." 

Perithecia  at  first  covered,  at  length  free,  globose,  with  a  pro- 
minent month ;  spores  small,  uniseptate. — B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
406*. 

On  dead  twigs  of  plane.     Batheaston. 

Perithecia  one  or  two  together,  at  first  concealed,  at  length  exposed,  glo- 
bose, with  a  rather  prominent  orifice.  Spores  small,  at  first  hyaline,  elliptic 
or  obovate,  ard  falling  off  in  that  state,  at  length  oblong,  brownish,  and 
uniseptate. — B.  <{:  Br. 

1267.  Diplodia  sesculi.     Lei-.     "  Horse-chestnut  Diplodia." 

Perithecia  innate,  globose,  black  within,  covered  by  the  fis- 
sured epidermis.  Sporidia  elongated,  opaque,  brown  and  uni- 
septate.— Ann.  cles  Sc.  Nat.  1846,  y.j).  290.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  1563. 
Cooke,  Seem.  Journ.  iy.p.  97. 

On  fallen  twigs  of  ^sculus  Hippocastanum.     Feb. 

1268.  Diplodia  Cowdellii.    B.^'Br.    "  Cotton  Diplodia." 

Perithecia  free,  globose,  black,  ajjices  at  length  dehiscing  ; 
spores  small,  elliptic,  uniseptate. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no^  4:06. 

On  damp  cotton. 

Forming  dirty  black  spots  on  the  matrix,  but  without  any  evident  floccose 
stratum  ;  perithecia  globose,  at  length  cracking  above,  black.  Eemarkable 
for  its  singular  habitat  and  free  mode  of  growth. — B.  d:  Br. 


SPH^E0^'EXEI.  433 

1269.  Diplodia  fitricola.     Berl.     "  Fibrous  Diplodia." 

Spots  pallid  or  obsolete  ;  peritliecia  minute,  elongated ;  spores 
small,  elliptic,  somewhat  constricted  in  the  centre. — BerJc.  in 
Rook.  Journ.  1853,^.  42,  t.  3,/.  12.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  741. 

On  Lombardy  poplar.     Xov.     King's  Cliffe. 

Perithecia  minute,  more  or  less  elongated,  following  the  course  of  the 
fibres,  rather  delicate,  easily  lacerated,  either  scattered  or  disposed  in  dis- 
tinct patches,  sending  off  a  few  fibres  from  their  base;  spores  minute,  '00025 
in.  ('006  m.m.)  long,  subelliptic,  generally  slightly  constricted  in  the  centre, 
pale  yellow-brown,  uniseptate,  or  very  rarely  acquiring  a  second  septum.  — 
M.  J.  B. 

1270.  Diplodia  oospora.     Berli.     *' Egg-spored  Diplodia." 

Spots  olivaceous  ;  perithecia  minute,  elongated ;  spores  small, 
obovate, brown. — Berk.  HooJc.  Journ.  1853, />.  42,  t.  3,/.  11.  Ann. 
N.H. no. 14.2. 

On  bleached  willow.     Xoy.     King's  Cliffe. 

Patches  oblong,  olive-brown  from  the  fibres  of  the  mycelium  ;  perithecia 
minute,  elongated  ;  spores  minute,  obovate,  yellow-brovrn,  uniseptate,  •0003 
in.  long,'00025  in.  broad  (,"0076  X  '006  m.m.),  much  darker  than  in.D.fJjricola. 
—J/.  J.  B. 

1271.  Diplodia  tecta.     B.  S)  Br.     ''  Covered  Diplodia." 

Perithecia  covered,  gregarious,  raising  the  epidermis,  the 
cuticle  covering  the  ostiola,  blackened  and  shining  ;  spores  large, 
oblong. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  411. 

On  dead  leaves  of  cherry-laurel.     Common. 

The  leaves  are  rough,  with  little  elevated  pustules  disposed  often  in  dry 
discoloured  patches,  marked  in  the  centre  with  a  shining  black  speck;  spores 
oblong,  endochrome  simple  (?). — B.  d:  Br. 

1272.  Diplodia  consors.     B.   <5'  Br.     "  Laurel  Diplodia." 

Perithecia  gregarious,  covered ;  epidermis  polished,  becoming 
blackened,  dehiscent  in  the  centre,  whitish ;  spores  small,  oblong. 
—B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  412. 

On  leaves  of  cherry-laurel.     Common. 

Forming  broad  patches,  perithecia  covered,  indicated  by  small  shining 
black  dots,  which  open  in  the  centre  by  an  irregular  orifice,  the  edges  of 
which  are  white  ;  spores  only  two-thirds  the  length  of  those  of  B.  tecta,  ob- 
long-elliptic, uniseptate. — B.  d'  Br. 

1273.  Diplodia  arbuticola.     Fr.     "  Uva-ursi  Diplodia." 

Gregarious,  confluent,  covered  with  the  blackened  epidermis ; 
perithecia  irregular,  black,  astomous  ;  disc  at  length  erurapent, 

V  5 


434  SPH^RONEMEI. 

opaque.— i?^r/j.  Outl.  ;?.  317.    Sow.  t.  570,/.  6  ?  SpJiceria  arhuti- 
cola,  Fr.  S.M.  ii.  p.  500.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  189. 

On  Arbutus  uva-ursi  leaves.     Scotland. 

1274.  Diplodia  ilicis.     Curr.    "  Holly-leaf  Diplodia." 

Gregarious,  Mack;  perithecia  globose,  rather  prominent, 
covered ;  at  length  erumpent,  dehiscing  by  fissures ;  spores  ellip- 
tical, oblong,  sub-globose,  or  turbinate,  irregular,  with  a  yellow- 
ish green  tinge. — Curr.  Linn.  Trans,  xxii.  no.  343.  Sphceria  ilicis. 
Fr.  S.M.  u.p.  501.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  273. 

On  holly  leaves. 


RENDERSONZA,   Berk. 


Perithecia  distinct,  spores  2-multisep- 
tate,  escaping  by  a  terminal  pore  — Berk. 
Outl. p.  317.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  208. 

(Fig.  158.; 
Fi^.  158. 

1275.  Hendersonia  elegans.     Berk.     "  Elegant  Hendersonia." 

Seated  on  a  dark  brown  spot;   perithecia  shining,  gelatinous 
within,  spores  6-8  septate. — Be7^k.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  208,  t.  11,/.  9. 
On  culms  of  reed.     April.     Tansor.     Norths. 

Forming  little  dark  brown  spots  in  the  centre  of  which  is  seated  a  single 
phining  perithecinm,  the  upper  part  of  which  causes  a  little  projection  above 
the  surface  ;  perithecia  lined  with  a  gelatinous  stratum,  which  gives  rise  to 
long,  broadly  fusiform,  pedunculate,  colourless  spores,  with  6-8  dissepi- 
ments; articulations  sometimes  swollen,  often  quite  even,  each  of  the  cen- 
tral ones  containing  a  single  large  globose  nucleus,  with  occasionally  a  few 
granules. — M.  J.  B. 

1276.  Hendersonia  macrospora.    B.sBr.   "  Large-spored 

Hendersonia." 

Perithecia  entirely  concealed,  spores  straight,  narrowly  lanceo- 
late, 5-8  septate. — B.  4'Br.Ann.N.H.no.4tl3. 

On  dead  twigs  of  Philadelphus  coronarius.    Oct.    Apethorpe. 

Entirely  concealed  by  the  cuticle,  which  is  very  slightly  raised  j  perithecia 
globose. 


SPH^EONEMEI.  435 

1277.  Hendersonia  arcus.     B.&Br.    '' Box-twig  Hendersonia.''' 

Peritliecia  becoming  naked,  globose  ;  under  the  microscope 
steel-blue;  spores  arcuate,  incrassated  in  the  middle, 3-septate. 
—5.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  413*. 

On  box  twigs.     Batheaston. 

Perithecia  globose,  at  length  naked,  sub-gregarious,  black,  but  when  seen 
by  transmitted  ligbt  steel-blue,  Sporophores  branched  ;  spores  elongated, 
curved,  swollen  in  the  centre,  attenuated  at  either  extremity,  hyaline,  tri- 
septate.     Closely  resembling  in  form  and  colour  S. pulicaris. — B.'SBr. 

1278.  Hendersonia  mutabilis.     B.  <£•  Br.     "  Changeable 

Hendersonia." 

Pustules  depressed,  elliptic,  cellular  within,  spores  oblong- 
elliptic,  3-4  septate  ;  articulations  here  and  there  longitudinally 
divided.— 5.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  414. 

On  dead  twigs  of  plane.     Batheaston. 

Pustules  small,  scarcely  bursting  the  cuticle,  elliptic,  black,  with  a  few 
central  cells,  besides  the  large  cell  or  perithecium,  which  occupies  the  whole 
of  the  pustule  J  the  central  cells  are  developed  later  than  the  main  cell,  eo 
that  the  spores  in  the  former  are  simple  or  uniseptate,  while  in  the  larger  cell 
they  have  acquired  a  much  larger  size,  and  have  3-4  transverse  septa  with  the 
articulations  here  and  there  divided, — B.  d:  Br. 

1279.  Hendersonia  sarmentorum.    West.  *' Vine  Hendersonia," 

Perithecia  immersed,  flattened,  dark  brown,  concealed  by  the 

epidermis,  which  is  at  length  lacerated  above  the  poriform  ostiole. 

Sporidia  brown,  pear-shaped,  obovate,  elliptical  or  irregular,  tri- 

septate,  with  hyaline  pedicels. —  West.  Bull,  de  Brux.  xviii.  n.  60, 

Jig.  2.   Cooke  Seem.  Jour.f.  15. 

On  dead  twigs  of  vine.     Feb.      Highgate. 
The  sporidia  are  very  variable  in  my  specimens. 

1280.  Hendersonia    corni.     lucliel.      ''Cornel  Hendersonia," 

Perithecia  globose,  at  first  covered  by  the  epidermis,  black ; 
sporidia  with  long  deciduous  pedicels,  oblong,  sub-clavate,  ob- 
tuse, four-celled,  yellow,  the  cell  next  the  stem  hyaline, — Fdcl. 
exs.no.  624:.  E}ium.Fung.Nassov.p.D0,no.4:16,f.l6.  Cooke  Seem. 
Joiir.iv.f.lQ.  S.  (Hendersonia)  Cornicola^  D.C.  Fr.  S.M.  ii. p. 
530.   Curr.  Linn.  Trans,  xxii.  t.  69,  f.  146. 

On  twigs  of  Cornus.  Xot  uncommon.    Feb. — May. 

"  {Fig  158.) 

1281.  Hendersonia  oreades.    Bur.  &  Mont.     "  Oak-leaf 

Hendersonia." 

Innate;  perithecia  small,  globose,  black,  collected  on  pale 
spots,  or  disposed  in  a  ring ;   spores  shortly  stipitate,  ovoid,  or 


436  SPHiERONEMEI. 

oblong,  transversely  2-3  septate. — Bur.  ^  Mont.    Fl.  Alg.  \.  p. 
571.  Desm.  exs.no.  1'2^'i.  Berk.  Outl. p.  SIS. 

On  half  dead  oak  leaves. 

Hendersonia  robini^,  West,  referred  to  Sphceria  elongata. 
Fr. 

Hendersoxia  polycystis,  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.II.  no.  415.  Rahh. 
F.E.,  no.  264,  is  a  condition  of  Diatrype  lanciformis.     Fr. 

Hendersonia  strobilina,  Curr  (Cooke  exs.  no.  341 J  is  a 
condition  of  DicJicena  strohilina.     Fr. 

1282.  Kendezsonia  Stephensii.     B.  S,^  Br.    "Bracken 

Hendersonia.' 

Peritliecia  irregular,  in  a  single  row  beneath  the  brownish 
cnticle,  which  ruptures  in  a  line ;  spores  large,  ovate,  reticulato- 
cellular. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  i^.H.  no.  502. 

On  dead  stems  of  Pteris  aquilina.     Bristol. 

Peritliecia  membranaceous,  oblong,  irregular,  arranged  in  a  single  row  be- 
neath the  cuticle,  which  exhibits  little  lanceolate  brown  spots  above  them, 
with  a  fissure  down  the  centre.  Spores  large,  ovate,  with  about  three  trans- 
verse septa,  each  division  being  again  traversed  by  several  vertical  and 
transverse,  or  sometimes  oblique  partitions.  The  perithecia  and  spores  are 
very  remarkable. — B.  d:  Br. 

1283.  Hendezsonia   fibxiseda.     Berk.      "Birch-plank 

Hendersonia." 

Perithecia  sub-globose,  minute,  very  delicate,  blackish  blue ; 
spores  elongated,  flexuous,  obtuse  at  either  end. — Berk.  Hook. 
Journ.  1853,  p.  42.  t.  3,/.  10.  A7in.  N.H.  no.  743. 

On  birch  planks.     Dec.     King's  Cliffe. 

Perithecia  punctiform,  sub-globose,  seated  on  definite  white  spots,  follow- 
ing the  direction  of  the  fibres;  very  delicate,  pale  blackish  blue,  especially 
at  the  edge,  which  consists  of  interwoven  fibres.  Sporophores  short,  obtuse  ; 
spores -OUO] 5  in.  long,  '0002  broad  (•  037  X  "005  m.m.)  containing  obscurely 
defined  nuclei.—  M.  J.  B. 

Gen.  115.  DILOPHOSPORA,   Desm. 

Perithecium  rounded,  closed,  per- 
forated ;  spores  cylindrical,  fur- 
nished at  each  end  with  radiating 
filiform  appendages.  —  Desm.  A  nn. 
Sc.  Nat.  (ISiO)  xiv.p.  6. 

(Fig.  159.) 

Fig.  159. 


SPH^EOXEMEI.  437 

1234.         DilophospoTa  graminis.     Desm.     "  Grass  Dilophospora." 

Perithecia  minute,  covered  with  a  blackened  crust,  seriate,  sub- 
connate,  globose,  immersed  in  a  wbitisb  stroma,  ostiola  puncti- 
form,  black,  disc  white  ;  spores  straight,  with  2-3  filiform  append- 
ages at  each  end. — Gard.  Chron.  (1862.)  Fajj.  f.  256.  B.  ^-  B?\ 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  10-40.  Desm.exs.  no.  1091.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (1840) 
xiv.  1. 1,/.  2.  Fckl.  exs.  558. 

On  sheaths  and  spike  of  Alopemrus  agrestis. 

The  two  or  three  glumes  at  the  base  are  tolerably  perfect,  while  the  top 
looks  as  if  it  had  been  pinched  up  into  a  point  when  young,  and  after^.vards 
charred.  The  outer  coat  is  black  and  glossy,  studded  here  and  there  -ndth 
minute  punctures,  surrounded  like  a  little  eyelet  hole,  with  a  white  border, 
which  leads  down  to  a  subglobose  cell,  the  walls  of  which  are  clothed  with  a 
white  or  greyish  gelatinous  mass  of  spores. — J/.  J.B. 

{Fig.  159,  sjjores  magnified.) 
Gen.  116.  DARLUCA,   Cast. 


Perithecia  delicate  ;  spores  containing  a  row 
of  sporidiola,  oozing  out  and  forming  a  tendril. 
'    — Berk.  Outl.j:).  318.  {Fig.  160.) 

Fig.  161). 
1283.  Darluca  filum.     Cast.     "  Parasitic  Darluca." 

Gregarious,  very  minute.  Perithecia  globose,  black,  shining, 
pierced  ;  spores  hyaline,  oblong,  straight,  containing  four  minute 
sporidioles. — Berk.  Outl.  p  318.  Hendersonia  uredinoecola,  Desm. 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1849,  xi.  p.  345.  Sphceria  filum,  Fr.  S.M.ii.p. 
547. 

On  various  Uredines. 
The  spores  are  about  '00055  in  ("GIG  m.m.)  long.    Fig.  160. 

1286.  Darluca  typhoidearum.   B.SjBr.     "  Club  mace  Darluca." 

Scattered,  immersed ;  perithecia  minute,  globose,  blackish- 
brown  ;  ostiola  naked,  papillate,  pierced ;  spores  oblong,  straight, 
rather  obtuse  at  the  ends,  sub-fusiform,  with  four  globose  spor- 
idioles.— Hendersonia  typhoidearum,  Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  June, 
1849.ea:s.no.l891.  B.  ^^ Br.  Ann. N.H.  no.  4:17 .  Rahh.F.E.no.4.D. 

On  leaves  of  Typha  and  Sparganium.     Feb.        (Fig.  160.) 

1287.  Darluca  macropus.    B.^^Br.    "  Sedge  Darluca." 
Perithecia  depressed,  somewhat  collapsed ;  spores  pedicellate, 


438 


SPHiERONEMEI. 


elongated,  cylindrical,  curved,  with  3-6  sporidioles.— 5er7j.  Outl. 
^.318.  Hendersonia  macropus,  B.  ^  Br,  Ana.  N.H.  no.  416. 
On  dead  leaves  of  Carices.     Jan.     Wilts. 

Perithecia  entirely  covered  and  pouring  out  their  spores  by  a  minute  ori- 
fice,  so  as  to  make  little  black  stains  on  the  leaves;  spores  furnished  with  a 
long  peduncle,  cylindrical,  but  slightly  attenuated  at  either  end,  many  times 
longer  than  their  diameter,  somewhat  curved. — B.  d;  Br. 


Gen.   117. 


VERMICULARIA,  Tode. 


1288. 


Perithecium  thin,  mouthless, 
generally  bristly  ;  s^Dores  vermi- 
culate. — Berk.  Outl. p.  318. 

(Fig.  161.) 


Fig.  161. 

Vermiculaxia  dematiuxn.   Fr.   "  Clustered  Vermicularia." 


Gregarious,  perithecia  piano -depressed,  mouthless,  black,  stri- 
gose  in  the  centre,  with  somewhat  divergent  hairs  of  the  same 
colour;  spores  long,  curved. — Berk.  Outl. p.  S18.  Sphceria  de- 
matium,  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  274.  Fr.  S.M.  i\.p.  505.  Fckl  exs.  no.  570. 

On  dead  herbaceous  stems.  [United  States.] 

At  first  covered  by  the  epidermis,  through  which  the  hairs  penetrate  like 
a  little  brush,  at  length  naked,  the  hairs  frequently  falling  off. — M.J.B. 

1289.  Verxiiicularia  trichella.   Grev.    "  Ivy-leaf  Vermicularia." 

Scattered,  perithecia  ovate,  very  minute,  mouthless,  black, 
clothed  at  the  top  with  very  long  divergent  hairs. — Grev.  t.  345. 
Sphoeria  trichella,  Fr.  S.M.  ii.  p.  515.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  211 .  Fckl. 
exs.  no.  569. 

On  dead  ivy  leaves. 
Spores  linear-oblong,  septate.  {Fig.  161.) 

1290.  Vermiculaxia  atramentaria.    B.  ^^  Br.    "Inky 

Vermicularia." 

Effused,  gregarious,  maculeeform;  spores  straight,  short ;  endo- 
chrome  retracted  to  either  end. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  430. 

On  decayed  stems  of  potatoes.     Common. 

Forming  large  ink-black  velvety  patches,  crowded  with  minute  perithecia, 
clothed  with  long  straight  subulate  bristles,  connected  at  the  base  by  intri- 
cate fibres  creeping  beneath  the  cuticle  of  the  matrix.  Spores  minute,  linear, 
rather  short.    Distinguished  at  once  by  its  straight  spores. 


SPH^EOXEMEI.  439 

1291.  Vermicularia  circinans.     BerTi.    "  Circinating 

Vermicularia." 

Spots  orbicular,  perithecia  concentric,  seated  on  a  hyaline, 
articalated,  radiating  mycelium.  Spores  oblong,  slightly  curved, 
attenuated. — Berk.  Gard.Chi^on.  1861,  p.  odd, Jig.  1857,^.  b3,fig. 

On  Nocera  onions. 

In  round  black  spots,  consisting  of  multitudes  of  distinct,  extremely  minute 
subglobose  perithecia,  clothed  with  long  rigid  black  hairs,  and  sending  off 
in  every  direction  from  the  base  flexuous  hyaline  articulated,  often  branched 
or  anastomosing  threads.  The  spores  are  slightly  curved  and  attenuated  at 
either  end,  though  the  tip  is  very  obtuse.  The  endochrome  is  either  retracted 
to  either  end,  leaving  a  free  space  in  the  centre,  or  the  whole  mass  is  broken 
Tip  into  several  round  bodies.— J/.  /.  £. 

Gen.  118.  SISCOSIA,  Lib. 


Perithecium  flat,  opening  at  the 
base  ;  spores  septate,  obliquely 
aristate  at  either  end. — Berk.  Outl. 
;?.  318.  (i^^>.162.) 


Fig.  162. 
1292.  Discosia  alnea.     Lib.    "  Leaf  Discosia." 

Gregarious,  innate,  orbicular,  black,  shining,  at  first  convex,  even, 
soon  depressed  round  the  dot-like  ostiolum,  at  length  collapsed 
and  rugoso-plicate  ;  spores  triseptate,  obliquely  aristate  at  each 
extremity. — Berk.  Outl. p.  318.  Sphceria  artocreas,  Tode.  ii./.  72. 
Fr.  S.M.ii.p.  523.  Eng.  Fl.  \.p.  278.  FcU.exs.  no.  452.  Kl.  exs. 
ii.  720. 154.  Fries. t.8,f.l-Q.  De.Not.  Act.  Tur.lS4.d,^.f.2. 
On  dead  leaves.     Common.         [United  States.]     (fi^.  i62.; 

Gen.  119.  PILIDIUM,  Kunze. 


Perithecium  scut  el  lie  form,  smooth,  shin- 
ing, opening  irregularly  ;  spores  curved, 
without  appendages. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  318. 

{Fig.  163.) 


Fig.  163. 


440 


SPH^EONEMEI. 


1293.  Filidium  acerinum.     Eze.     "Sycamore  Pilidium.'' 

Hypopliylloiis,  liemispherical,  black,  splitting  with  from  three 
to  five  acute  teeth,  nucleus  white;   spores  fusiform. — Kze.  M.H. 
ii.;?.  92,^.  2,/.  5.  Fr.  El.'ii.p.UQ. 
On  dead  sycamore  leaves. 
Externally  resembling  a  Phacidmm,  but  with  different  fruit.       (Fi[/-  163.) 

1294.  Filidium  (?)  carbonaceuxn.     Lib.     "  Willow  Pilidium." 

Perithecia  irregular,  dingy-brown,  crowded  into  broad  patches, 
growing  in  a  widely- effused  more  or  less  ambient  subiculum  ; 
spores  falciform,  septate. — B.  ^.  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  442.  Cenan- 
gmmfuh'ginosum,  Fr.  El.  \\.p.  23.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  212. 

On  willow  branches.     King's  Cliffe. 

Not  a  good  Filidium. 

Gen.  120.  MELASMIA,  Lev. 


Perithecium  membranaceous,  de- 
hiscent above,  rather  swollen,  at 
length  depressed  and  rugose,  grow- 
ing in  a  thin,  spot-like,  effused  re- 
ceptacle ;  spores  simple. — Berk.Outl. 


p.2> 


19. 


(Fig.  164.) 


Fig.  164. 
1295.  Melasmia  alnea.     Lev.     "  Alder  Melasmia." 

Perithecia  adnate,  scattered,  membranaceous,  hemispherical, 
even,  black,  at  length  flattened  and  rugulose ;   spores   elliptic- 
elongated,  obtuse,  straight  or  curved. — Ann.Sc.Nat.l^4:^,VK. 
p.  253.  Grev.t.UQ,f.2.  Fr.  S.M.ii.p.b^^. 
On  living  alder  leaves. 

This  plant  presents  exactly  the  aspect  of  Discosia  alnea,  but  differs  in  the 
spores.  (Fig.  164.) 

Melasmia  acerina,  Lev.  is  a  condition  of  Rkytisma  acerinum. 
Gen.  121.  PIGGOTIA,  B.  &  Br. 


Perithecium  irregular,  very  thin,  obsolete 
below,  forming  by  confluence  a  wrinkled 
mass,  bursting  by  a  lacerated  fissure  ;  spores 
rather  large,  obovate,  at  length  tomiparous. 
^Berk.  Outl.  p.  319.  {Fig.  1G5.) 


SPH^EOXEilEI.  441 

1296.  Piggotia  astroidea.    B.&Br.    "  Stellate  Piggotia." 

Epiphyllous,  black,  perithecia  slightly  prominent,  connate, 
forming  small  irregularly  stellato-aggregate  tubercles ;  spores 
broadly  ovate,  sporophores  short,  tomiparous. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  503,  t.  5,/.  3.  Dothidea  astroidea,  Eng.  Fl.  y.  p.  287. 
Asteroma  uhni,  Grev.  Fl.  Ed.  p.  368. 

On  green  leaves  of  elm. 

Jet  black,  forming  irregular,  roundish,  granulated,  or  wrinkled  patches  on 
the  upper  surface  of  the  leaf,  sometimes  seated  on  a  yellow  spot,  but  fre- 
quently without  any  discoloured  border ;  perithecia  sub-orbicular  where 
solitary,  but  soon  confluent,  though  not  making  a  uniform  stratum,  obsolete 
below,  thin  and  shining  above,  bursting  irregularly  by  a  jagged  orifice  ; 
spores  oozing  from  the  ruptures,  and  forming  roundish  discs,  which  at  first 
look  like  the  hymenium  of  some  Peziza,  broadly  ovate,  slightly  constricted 
towards  the  obtuse  base  ;  sporophores  short,  at  length  tomiparous. — B.d-Br. 

{Fig.  165.) 

Gen.  122.  SEPTORIA,   Fries. 

Perithecia  minute,  more  or 
less  incorporated  with  the 
matrix ;  spores  oblong  and 
septate,  or  thread-shaped,  and 
continuous,  discharged  in  little 
tendrils. — BerJc.  Outl.p.Sld, 
(Fig.  166.) 
This  is  a  very  large  and  doubtful  genus,  but  is  retained  here  provisionally. 

1297.  Septoria  ulmi.     Xze.     "  Elm  Septoria." 

Spots  brown,  perithecia  small,  scattered  ;  cirrhi  dirty-white  ; 
spores  nearly  straight,  subquadriseptate. — Kunze  M.H.  ii.^.  107. 
Grev.  1. 112.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  356.  Cooke,  exs.  no.  201 .  Fchl.  exs.  no. 
506.  Corda.  Anl.  t.  F.f.  54,  no.  10,  11.  Berh.  exs.  no.  214.  Cooke, 
L.F.  no.  63. 

On  elm  leaves.     Common.  [United  States.] 

(Fig.  166.) 

1298.  Septoria  heraclei.     FcTd.     "  Hog-weed  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous;  spots  none  ;  perithecia  somewhat  solitary,  in- 
nate, brown,  pierced ;  tendrils  white  ;  spores  long,  fusiform, — 
Fckl.  exs.  no,  515.  Ascoxyta  heraclei.  Lib.  exs.  no.  51. 

On  fading  leaves  of  Heracleum. 

The  spores  are  large,  and  very  profuse,  lying  in  white  patches  upon  the 
leaves  after  they  are  expelled  from  the  perithecia.    Allied  closely  to  S.  ulmi. 


Fig.  166. 


442  SPH^EONEMEI. 

1299.  Septoria  oxyacanthae.     Eze.    **  Hawthorn  Septoria." 

Spots  purple;  tendrils  yellow;  spores  very  long,  8-12  septate, 
curved. — Kiinze  M.I1.\\.  p.V)^.  £ng.Fl.Y.p.3b6.  Cooke  exa. 
no.  201.  Fckl.  exs.  wo.  500.  Kl.  exs.no.  4^66. 

On  living  hawthorn  leaves.  [United  States.] 

1300.  Septoria  aceris.     B.&Br.     "Sycamore  Septoria." 

Hypophyllous  ;  spots  small ;  perithecia  innate,  minute,  brown; 
tendrils  small,  pallid ;  spores  long,  straight,very  distinctly  septate. 
— B.^Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  432.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  499.  Ascoxyta  aceris. 
Lib.  exs.  no.  54. 

On  living  sycamore  leaves.     Autumn. 

1301.  Septoria  salicella.     B.^^Br.    "  Willow  Septoria." 

Beneath  the  cuticle ;  epidermis  above  the  subglobose  peri- 
thecia elevated ;  spores  fusiform,  triseptate,  tendrils  reddish,  ir- 
regular.—^. ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  746, 1. 15,  /,  7. 

On  branches  of  willows. 

Concealed  by  the  cuticle,  whicli  is  obscurely  pustulate,  in  consequence  of 
the  presence  of  the  subglobose  perithecia;  spores  ejected  in  the  form  of 
pale  pink  tendrils,  fusiform,  "OOISS  in.  ("03  m.m.)  long,  triseptate.— -M".  /•  B. 

1302.  Septoria  segopodii.     Besni.     "  Gout- weed  Septoria  " 

Epiphyllous ;  spots  pale,  perithecia  globular,  black,  very  visible 
on  the  under  surface,  spores  long,  curved. — Desm.  exs.  no.  616. 
Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  356.   Cooke  exs.  no.  146. 

On  living  leaves  of  ^gopodium  jyodagraria. 

1303.  Septoria  lepidii.     Besm.     *'  Crucifer  Septoria." 

Spots  none ;  perithecia  scattered  or  approximate,  black,  in>- 
nate,  slightly  prominent,  convex,  at  length  pierced;  tendrils 
white ;  spores  elongated,  linear,  flexuous. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 
1842,  xyii.p.  110.  Desm.  exs.  no.  1177.  JB.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no, 
431. 

On  Lepidium  Smithii.     Autumn. 

After  the  spores  are  discharged,  the  mouths  of  the  perithecia  enlarge, 
and  they  collapse  so  as  to  have  the  appearance  of  a  small  black  Peziza. 

1304.  Septoria  nodoruxn.    Berk.    "  Wheat-stalk  Septoria." 

Spots  pale  fawn-coloured,  with  a  dark  border,  depressed,  at 
length  confluent;  perithecia  somewhat  prominent;  spores  oblong, 


SPHiEEONESIEI.  443 

elongated,  slightly  curved,  or  irregular. — Berfc.  Gard.   Chron. 
184:6, p.  601.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  I^.H.  no.  4:33. 

On  the  joints  of  wheat  stalks,  just  before  the  wheat  is  ripe. 

Forming  little  discoloured  depressed  spots  on  the  knots  of  the  stem,  espe- 
cially the  upper  one,  soon  spreading  till  they  invest  the  whole  knot,  pale 
fawn-coloured,  studded  ^vith  a  number  of  minute,  somewhat  raised  perithecia, 
which  are  at  first  reddish,  eventually  black. — 21.  J.  B. 

1305.  Septosria  hippocastani.     B.(k  Br,     "  Horse  chestnut 

Septoria." 

Spots  rufous;  tendrils  delicate  ;  spores  curved,  flexuous,  linear, 
simple. — B.  Sf  Br.  Ann.  JSf.H.  no.  434.   Cooke  exs.  no.  205. 

On  leaves  of  horse  chestnut.     Common. 

Spots  at  first  minute  and  scattered,  then  becoming  confluent,  and  forming 
broad  rufous  patches;  cirrhi  delicate,  pale;  spores  long,  linear,  simple, 
curved,  flexuous.— ^.  d:  Br. 

1306.  Septoria  lituus.    B.&Br.    "  Twig  Septoria.' 

Concealed  by  the  cuticle,  which  is  raised  into  minute  pustules; 
perithecia  depressed ;  spores  filiform,  curved  at  the  apex,  a 
little  longer  than  the  sporophores. — B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  744, 
1. 15,/.  5. 

On  smooth  twigs. 

Spores  '0015  in.  (*037  m.m.)  long. 

1307.  Septoria  Ralfsii.     B.&Br.     "  Apple  Septoria." 

Sub-cutaneous ;  epidermis  above  the  perithecia  elevated,  centre 
of  the  pustules  white  ;  spores  straight,  multi-nucleate. — B.  8)^  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  74:b,  1. 16,  f.  6. 

On  decayed  apples. 

Forming  black  irregular  patches,  dotted  with  minute  pustules,  the  centre 
of  which  is  white.     Spores  'OOISS  in.  ('03  m.m.)  long,  with  about  six  nuclei. 

1308.  Septoria  insularis.     B.  d:  Br.    "  Ivy  leaf  Septoria." 

Spots  brown,  distinct;  epidermis  above  the  perithecia  ele- 
vated, centre  of  the  pustules  white ;  spores  filiform,  slightly 
curved. — B.  ^^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  74:7, 1. 16,  f.  8. 

On  half  dead  ivy  leaves. 

Forming  large  definite  umber-brown  spots,  which  are  rough  from  the  pre- 
sence of  the  concealed  perithecia,  with  a  white  spot  in  the  centre  of  each 
pustule;  spores  filiform,  slightly  curved  '0015  in.  (-038 m.m.)  long.— >B.  (£•  Br. 


444  SPH^RONEMEI. 

1309.  Septoria  Badhamia.    B.&Br.     "  Vine-leaf  Septoria." 

Perithecia  sub-conglomerate,  brown  ;  spores  clavate,  elong- 
ated, slightly  tliickened. — Cooke  exs.  no.  206.  B.  8^  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
wo.  748,  ^.15,/.  9. 

On  vine  leaves.     Oct.     Common. 

Forming  little  brownisli  specks  on  either  side  of  the  leaf,  consisting  of  a 
few  sub-conglomerate  perithecia ;  spores  oblong,  clavate  '002  in.  ("OSm.m.) 
long  ;  endochrome  sometimes  retracted  to  one  end,  containing  a  few  minute 
granules,  very  rarely  there  are  one  or  two  septa. — B.  (b  Br, 

1310.  Septoxia  polygonoYum.     Desm.     " Polygonum  Septoria." 

Epipliyllous  ;  spots  small,  rounded,  tawny,  with  a  purplish 
border ;  perithecia  innate,  very  minute,  pale-brown,  pierced,  at 
length  concave ;  spores  linear,  curved,  with  numerous  sporules. 
— Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1842,  xvii.  ^9. 108.  Desm.  exs.  no.  1171. 
B.  8f  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  749. 

On  living  Polygonum.     Autumn. 

The  spores  are  unequal  in  length,  from  ('025-*03  m.m.)  'OOOO-'OOl  in. 

1311.  Septoxia  convolvuli.    Desm.    *'  Bindweed  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  orbicular,  then  confluent  and  irregular, 
dingy  brown  or  whitish ;  perithecia  innate,  minute,  blackish- 
brown,  pierced;  spores  elongated,  linear,  curved  or  straight. — 
Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1842,  xvii.  p.  108.  Septoria  convolvulicola, 
Ann. N.H. no.  195.  S.fuscella,  Berk.  M.S.  Cooke,  exs.no.  121 .  Kl. 
exs.  no.  1862.   Cooke.  L.F.  no.  65. 

On  living  bindweed.     Summer. 

Spores  -OOl-'OOlS  in.  (•03--04  m.m.)  long. 

1312.  Septoria  coxnicola.    Desm.     "  Dogwood  Septoria." 

Spots  orbicular,  greyish,  circumscribed  by  a  darker  line ;  peri- 
thecia scattered,  rounded,  depressed  in  the  centre. — Desm.  Ann. 
Sc.  Nat..  Sphceria  cornicola,  Fr.  S.M.  ii.  p.  530.  Berk.  Mag. 
Zool.  ^'  Bot.  no.  54.  Cooke  exs.  no.  136.  Berk.  exs.  no.  185.  Cooke 
L.F.  no.  64. 

On  leaves  of  dogwood.     Common. 

In  Berkeley's  *'  Outlines"  this  is  said  to  be  the  Hendersonia  cornicola  of 
Currey,  evidently  by  a  slip  of  the  pen,  since  the  Hendersonia  is  found  on  the 
twigs,  and  is  a  very  different  thing  ^agreeing  with  Currey's  description)  from 
the  Septoria  on  the  leaves. 


SPHL^ROXEMEI.  445 

1313.  Septozia  heterochroa.     Desm.    "  Varicoloured  Septoria." 

Spots  scattered,  small,  roimded,  grejish-brown,  then  wliite, 
with  a  brown  border;  perithecia  few,  brown,  at  length  black, 
pierced,  concave  when  dry  ;  spores  linear,  slender,  straight  or 
curved. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1847,  viii.  p.  22.  Sphceria  {Depazea) 
vagans,  Fr.  S.M.  ii.p.  532.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  105.  Berk.  exs. 
no.  188.   Cooke  exs.  no.  140. 

On  leaves  of  Lamiiim  album,  Mallow,  &c. 

1314.  Septozia  stemmatea.     Berk.     "  Cowberry  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous,  gregarious ;  perithecia  globose,  minute,  seated 
upon  rounded  bleached  spots. — Sphceria  (Depazea)  stemmatea, 
Fr.  S.M.  ii.p.  528.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  192. 

On  living  leaves  of  Vaccinium  Vitis  Idea. 

1315.  Septoria  graminum.     Desm.     "Grass  Septoria." 

Spots  oblong,  pallid,  surrounded  by  a  more  or  less  distinct 
darker  line  ;  perithecia  obscurely  disposed  in  lines,  immersed ; 
spores  linear,  straight,  or  curved. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1^-i^, 
xix.p.  339.  Sphceria  [Depazea)  graminicola,  Berk.  exs.  no.  186. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  103.   Cooke,  exs.  no.  208. 

On  grass.  [Low.  Carolina.] 

The  perithecia  are  so  minute  as  scarcely  to  be  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 

1316  Septoria  hederae.     Desm.     "  Ivy  Septoria." 

Spots  dirty-white,  surrounded  by  a  broad  brown  border ;  peri- 
thecia gregarious,  globose,  naked,  opaque,  at  length  black ;  spores 
linear,  slender,  straight. — Desm.  exs.  no.  341.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xix, 
7). 340.  Sphceriahedercecola,  Fr.  S.M. ii.p.  528.  Eng.Fl. v. p. 279. 
Moug.  exs.  no.  663.   Cooke,  exs.  no.  126.   Fckl.  exs.  no.  503. 

On  ivy.     Common. 

1317.  Septoria  populi.     Desm.     "  Poplar  Septoria." 

Spots  white,  or  greyish,  with  a  brown  border;  perithecia 
hypophyllous,  scattered,  depressed,  soon  splitting  all  round  ; 
spores  elongated,  obtuse,  curved,  uniseptate. — Desm.exs.no.  1731. 
Ann.Sc.  Nat.  1843.  xix.^^;.  345.  Sphceria frondicola,Fr.Ohs.  ii.t. 
5,/.  6,  7.  S.M.  ii.p.  529.  Eng.  Fl.  v.p.  280.  Moug.  exs.  no.  369. 
Cookeexs.no.  14:6.  Kl.exs.no.  1958. 

On  poplar  leaves.     Autumn. 


446  SPH^RONEMEI. 

1318.  Septoria  thecicola.    B.  ^' Br.     "  CapBule  Septoria." 

Superficial,  convex,  collapsing,  rugose ;  spores  very  delicate 
linear,  straiglit. — Berk.  Intell.  Obs.  18G3,/).  ^,Jig.  1.  Sphceropsis 
thecicola,  Berk.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  424. 

On  tliec£e  of  Polytrichum piliferum.     Aberdeen. 

Perithecia  black,  scattered,   convex,   at  length  collapsing,  opening  by  a 
definite  orifice  j  spores  of  various  lengths. 

1319.  Septoxia  pxinceps.    B.  cfc  Br.    "  Beech  Septoria." 

Perithecia  large,  depressed,  papillate,  covered  by  the  epider- 
mis; spores  cylindrical,  oblong,  5-6  septate,  hyaline. — B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  940, 1. 15,/.  11. 

On  beech  sticks,     Batheaston. 

Spores  "002  in.  ('05.  m.m.^  long,  cylindrical,  oblong,  with  about  seven  or 
eight  endochromes,  hyaline,  oozing  out  in  an  irregular  mass. 

1320.  Septoria  pyzicola.     Desm.    "  Pear-leaf  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  greyish  white,  scattered,  roundish  or 
irregular ;  perithecia  few,  minute,  rather  prominent,  black,  pierced 
at  the  apex ;  tendrils  whitish  ;  sporidia  elongated,  curved,  con- 
taining several  nucleoli. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.ser.^j'K.iY.p.  115.  Cooke 
Seem.  Journ.  iv./.  27.  Depazea pyricola,  Desm.  exs.  n.  721.  Sep- 
toria pyri,  Cast.  Cat.  PL  de  Mars,  p.  194.  Septoria  dealbata,  Lev. 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  ix.;?.  249  (partly). 

On  leaves  of  apple  and  pear.     Oct.     Common. 

1321.  Septoria  viburni.     West.     "  Guelder-rose  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous ;  spots  roundish  or  irregular,  becoming  whitish 
in  the  centre,  with  a  brownish  border ;  perithecia  minute,  semi- 
emergent,  black,  pierced  at  the  apex ;  tendrils  white ;  sporidia 
cylindrical,  obtuse  at  their  extremities,  containing  from  5  to  7 
nucleoli. —  West.  Bull.  deBrux.  1852,xix.^ardii.^.  121.  Bell. 
Cat.  Crypt.  Namur,  n.  350.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.iy.p.  97.  Cooke 
exs.  no.  300. 

On  leaves  of  Viburnum  opulus  and  V.  lantana.     Oct. 

1322.  Septoria  unedinis.    Bob.     "  Arbutus  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous ;  spots  small,  numerous,  irregular,  whitish,  with 
a  broad  purplish  margin ;  perithecia  few,  scarcely  prominent, 
blackish,  convex,  then  collapsing  and  becoming  concave  ;  sporidia 
elongated,  slender  and  curved. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  iii. 


SPH^EONEMEI.  447 

1847,^.  20.  PI.  Crypt,  exs.  Ed.  i.  no.  1713.  CooTce  Seem.  Joum. 
vr.p.  ^l,f.  24.  SphcEj'ia  unedinicola,  Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  279.  Cooke 
exs.no.  136.   Cooke L.F.  no.  69. 

On  leaves  of  Arbutus  unedo.     Oct.     Nov.     Conmion. 

1323.  Septoria  hydrocotyles.     Besm.    "  Flukewort  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  irregular,  rufous  or  brownish,  then  pallid; 
perithecia  minute,  innate,  pierced  with  a  terminal  pore  ;  tendrils 
whitish ;  sporidia  linear,  curved,  containing  numerous  opaque 
nucleoli. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  2.  xvii./).  109.  PI.  Crypt,  exs.  Ed.  i. 
no.lllb,Ed.n.no.61h.  CooTce  Seem.  Joum.  h. p. 91  ,f.  31.  Cooke 
exs.  no.  134. 

On  leaves  of  Hydrocotyle  vulgaris.     Summer.     Common. 

1324.  Septoria  ficariae.    Desm.    "  Figwort  Septoria." 

Amphigenous ;  spots  roundish  or  confluent,  pallid,  cinereous 
in  the  centre,  with  an  irregular  brownish  margin  ;  perithecia 
innate,  very  small,  black,  convex,  at  length  plane ;  tendrils 
white ;  sporidia  linear,  straight,  or  curved. — Ann.  Sc.  Xat.  ser.  2, 
XV.  p.  135.  PI.  Crypt,  exs.  Ed.  i.  no.  1087.  Cooke  Seem.  Joum.  iv. 
p.  97, Jig.  26.  Rhahdosporaficarioe,Mont.Fl.Alg.i.p.b96.  Cooke 
exs.  no.  131. 

On  leaves  of  Ranunculus  Ficaria.     Common. 

1325.  Septoria  xaenyanthes.    Besm.     "  Bogbean  Septoria." 

Amphigenous.  Spots  tawny- rufous,  irregular ;  perithecia  very 
minute,  of  the  same  colour,  pierced  with  a  terminal  pore  ;  tendrils 
white  ;  sporidia  linear,  straight  or  curved,  nucleoli  scarcely  dis- 
tinct.— Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xx.  p.  89,  1853.  Desm.  exs.  Ed. 
i.no.  217 8,  Ed.ii.no.  1828.  Cooke  Seem.  Joum.  iv. p.  97 .  Ascochyta 
menyanthis,  Lib.  exs.  no.  251.  Lasch.  Rabh.  exs.  no.  860. 

On  fading  leaves  of  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

1326.  Septoria  clexnatidis.     Rob.     "^Clematis  Septoria." 

Amphigenous  ;  spots  greyish,  with  a  brownish  border,  rounded, 
angular  or  irregular ;  perithecia  on  the  upper  surface,  very  minute, 
innate,  scarcely  prominent,  pallid-brown,  pierced  with  a  terminal 
pore;  tendrils  whitish ;  sporidia  elongated,  curved  or  flexuose, 
with  numerous  nucleoli. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xx.p.  93 


448  SPH^EOXEMEI. 

(1853).     Desm.  exs.  Ed.  i.  no.  2186,  Ed.  ii.  no.  1836.     CooTce 
Seem.  Journ.  iv.  p.  97.   Coohe  exs.  no.  132.   Cooke  L.  F.  no.  66. 

On  leaves  of  Clematis  vitalha.     Summer  and  Autumn. 

Common, 

1327.  Septoria  epilobii.     West,     "  Willow-herb  Septoria." 

Amphigenous  ;  spots  olivaceous,  irregular  or  angular,  limited 
by  the  veins  of  the  leaves,  or  confluent ;  perithecia  on  both  sur- 
faces, very  small,  brown,  pierced  with  a  terminal  pore  ;  tendrils 
white,  very  delicate  ;  sporidia  elongated,  slender,  straight,  curved, 
or  flexuose,  with  numerous  nucleoli. — Bull,  de  Brux.  1852,  xix. 
parti\i.]j.  120.  Bell.  Cat.  Crypt.  Namur.  no.  324.  Coohe  Seem. 
Journ.iv.p.dl.  Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xx.  (18531,  p.  94. 
Desm.  exs.  Ed.  i.  no.  2188,  Ed.  ii.  no.  1838. 

On  living  leaves  of  Ejnlobium. 

1328.  Septoria  rosaruxn.     West.     "  Eose-leaf  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  small,  round,  scattered,  pallid,  surrounded 
by  a  purplish  border ;  perithecia  rare,  semi-emergent,  blackish  ; 
tendrils  whitish  ;  sporidia  flexuose,  cylindrical,  obtuse  at  the  ex- 
tremities, with  from  3  to  6  nucleoli. — Biill.de  B7^iix.  1861,  p. 
396.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.p.  97.  Septoria  j^osce,  Q^  minor,  West, 
and  Wall.  exs.  no.  426, 

On  living  leaves  of  roses  in  gardens. 

1329.  Septoxia  sedi.     West.     "  Orpine  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  circular,  greyish ;  perithecia  numerous, 
minute,  nearly  black,  scattered  over  the  spots  pierced  with  a 
terminal  pore  ;  tendrils  white  ;  sporidia  linear,  usually  straight 
or  slightly  curved,  with  about  five  nucleoli. — Bull,  de  Brux.  ser. 
2,  ii.  710.  107.  West.  4'  Wall.  exs.  no.  943.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv. 
29.97./.  29.  Cooke  exs.  no. 1^^.  Ascochi/tasedi,Lib.exs.no.24:d. 

On  leaves  of  Sedum  telephium.     Sept, 

1330.  Septoria  sorbi.     Lasch.     "  Mountain  Ash  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous  ;  perithecia  minute,  aggregate,  semi-innate, 
nearly  black,  Sporidia  elliptic,  slightly  pointed  at  the  extremi- 
ties, so  as  to  be  almost  almond-shaped. — Lasch.  Klotsch.  Hei^h. 
Myc.  no.  459.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  'w.p.  97,  jig.  25.  Cooke  exs.  no. 
128.  Cooke  L.F.  no.  &7.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  60d.  Depazea  sorhicola. 
Rahh.  exs.  no.  5-48. 

On  leaves  of  Sorb  us  aucuparia.     Autumn.     Common. 


SPH^EOXEMEI.  449 

1331.  Septozia  fraxini.     Desm.     "Ash-leaf  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous  ;  perithecia  minute,  black,  semi-innate,  clustered 
together  in  irregular  spots.  Sporidia  cylindrical,  truncate  at 
the  extremities,  containing  numerous  nucleoli. — Desm.  exs.  no. 
1086.  West.  Bull,  de  Brux.  xviii.  no.  76.  Fr.  El.  ii.  p.  119.  no.  3. 
Bisch.  f.  3617 .  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  p.  97.  Cooke  exs.  no.  202. 
FcJcl.  exs.  no.  507.  Septoria  Badhami^  var.  Q^  Fraxini.  Awd. 
Rahh.  exs.no.  852. 

On  leaves  of  ash.       Common. 

In  habit  it  differs  from  .S'.  Sorhi,  in  which  the  perithecia  are  aggreprated 
about  the  margin  of  the  leaves,  and  also  from  that  of  .S'.  Badhami,  with  which 
some  authorities  have  associated  it.  This  is  probably  ouly  a  condition  of 
Sphcerella  irocequalis. 

1332.  Septoria  chelidonii.     Desm.     "  Celandine  Septoria." 

Amphigenous  ;  spots  grey,  whitish,  or  of  a  brownish  tint ; 
perithecia  innate,  minute,  nearly  black,  pierced  with  a  large 
apical  pore  ;  tendrils  yellowish ;  sporidia  elongated,  linear, 
straight,  or  curved,  with  several  nucleoli. — Desm.  exs.no.  1176. 
Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  p.  97.  Ascochyta  chelidonii.  Lib.  exs. 
no.  57.  Spilospliceria  chelidonii.  Rahh.  exs.  552.  Cooke  exs.  no. 
204. 

On  leaves  of  Chelidonium  majus. 

1333.  Septoria  scabiosaecola.     Desm.    "  Scabious  Septoria." 

Amphigenous ;  spots  orbicular,  of  a  violet-brown,  marked  in 
the  centre  with  a  white  point,  which  bears  the  solitary  perithe- 
cium  containing  the  elongated  sporidia. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1853. 
XX.  j9.  96.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  lY.  p.  ^1 .  Depazea  scabioscecola. 
Desm.  exs.  ed.  i.  no.  722,  ed.  ii.  no.  179.  Sphceria  lichenoides,  var. 
scabiosaecola  ?  De  Cand.  Fl.  Fr.  Ascochyta  scabiosce.  Rahh.  exs. 
no.  1253.  SpilosphcBria  scabiosce.  Rabh.  exs.  no.  557. 

On  leaves  of  Scabious.     Autumn.      Common. 

1334.  Septoria  scleranthi.     Desm.     "  Knawel  Septoria." 

Spots  obliterated  ;  perithecia  densely  scattered,  rather  promi- 
nent, convex,  black.  Ostiole  minute,  conical.  Sporidia  linear, 
slightly  curved,  nucleoli  scarcely  distinct. — Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Fr. 
1857,/?.  861.  Desm.  exs.  ed.  ii.  no.  689.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.p. 
97  Jg.  30. 

On  all  parts  of  Scleranthus  annuus.     Summer  and  Autumn. 

w 


450  SPH^EONEMEI. 

1335.  Septoria  gei.     Desm.     '*Avens  Septoria." 

Amphigenoiis ;  spots  orbicular  or  irregular,  brown  at  first, 
cinereous  when  dry,  with  a  purplish-brown  margin.  Perithecia 
on  the  upper  surface,  rery  minute,  numerous,  brownish-black, 
sometimes  arranged  along  the  veins  of  the  leaves,  atfirsthemis- 
pherical,  becoming  at  length  concave.  Sporidia  linear,  flexuose. 
— Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1843,  xix.  p.  342.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  p.  97. 
CooJceexs.no.1'^%.  Sphceria  lichenoides,  var.  geicola.  De  Cand. 
Fl.Fr. p.  14:9.  Sphceria  ( Depazea)  vagans  geicola.  Fr.  S.M.ii. 
p.  532.  Acrotheca gei,  Fuckel,  Enum.p.  43. 

On  leaves  of  Geum  urhanum.     Autumn. 

1336.  Septoria  lysimachiae.     West.    "Moneywort  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous;  spots  indeterminate,  brown  ;  perithecia  minute, 
scattered,  terminated  by  a  pore ;  tendrils  whitish ;  sporidia 
linear,  straight,  with  numerous  nucleoli. — Bull,  de  Brux.  1852, 
iii.  jv.  120.  Bell.  Cat.  Cr^/pt.  Ka?n.7io.333.  Cooke.  Seem.  Journ. 
iv.p.  97.  Cooke  exs.no.  142.  Fckl.exs.no.  613.  Ascochyta  lysi- 
machicB.  Lib.  exs.  no.  253. 

On  leaves  of  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

1337.  Septoria  castanaecola.     Desm.     "  Chestnut-leaf  Septoria." 

Amphigenous ;  spots  tawny,  indeterminate  ;  perithecia  on  the 
under  surface,  brownish-black,  minute,  numerous,  somewhat  in- 
nate, pierced  with  a  terminal  pore ;  tendrils  whitish ;  sporidia 
elongated,  slender,  curved. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1847,  viii. j9. 26.  Cooke 
See7n.J0u7m.iY. p.  97.  Cookeexs.no. 129.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  608.  Kl. 
exs.  no.  1957.   Cooke,  L.  F.  no.  68. 

On  fading  leaves  of  Castanea  vesca.     Sept.     Common. 

It  is  very  probable  that  this  is  only  a   condition  of  Sj^hcerella  sparsa  or 
Sphcerella  riicu:ulcejormis. 

1338.  Septoria  ribis.     Desm.     "  Currant-leaf  Septoria." 

Amphigenous ;  spots  numerous,  small,  irregular  and  angular, 
of  a  pale  brown  or  purple  colour  ;  perithecia  innate,  very  small, 
blackish-brown,  convex,  pierced  with  a  large  apical  pore ;  tendrils 
flesh  colour,  or  roseate  ;  sporidia  elongated,  linear,  containing 
numerous  nucleoli. — Mem.  Soc.  des  Sc.  de  Lille,  1S4:2.  Cooke 
Seem.  Journ.  lY.p.  97,  f.  32.    Cooke  exs.  no.  130.    Fckl.  exs.  no. 


SPH^ROXEXEI.  451 

498.  Desm.  exs.no.  117 d.  Ascochyta  rihis,  Libert,  exs.  no.  53. 
West,  and  Wall,  exs.  no.  92.  FhlcBospora  rihis,  West.  Bull,  de 
£nix,lS60,p.20. 

On  leaves  of  black  currrant.     Common. 

1339.  Septoria  alnicola.     Cooke.     "  Alder  Septoria." 

Spots  pallid,  brown  or  tawny,  rounded,  about  one-fourth,  of  an 
inch  in  diameter;  perithecia  minute,  scattered  over  the  spots, 
semi-innate,  black,  pierced  at  the  apex  ;  sporidia  oblong,  straight 
or  curved. — Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  ix.p.  97,/.  23.  Cooke  exs.  no.  203. 

On  living  leaves  of  Alnus  glutinosa.     Autumn. 

1340.  Septozia  lavandulae.     Desm.     "  Lavender  Septoria." 

Spots  on  both  surfaces,  numerous,  bleached,  rounded  or  irre- 
gular, with  a  purplish  margin ;  perithecia  on  the  upper  surface, 
few,  very  small,  black,  globose,  pierced,  cup-shaped  when  dry  ; 
spores  linear,  straight  or  curved. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1853, 
xx./>.  86.   Cooke  exs.  no.  139. 

On  fading  lavender  leaves.     Summer. 

Spores  ("025  m.m.)  '009  in.  long, 

1341.  Septozia  uzticae.     Desm.     *'  Nettle  Septoria." 

Spots  on  both  surfaces  ;  ochraceous,   rounded,   or  irregular  ; 
perithecia  very  minute,  epiphyllous,  numerous,  brown,  pierced  ; 
spores  elongated,  slender,  curved  or  flexuous. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc. 
Nat.  1847,  \ii\.p.  24.   Cooke  exs.  no.  137. 

On  nettle  leaves.     Summer, 

Spores  ('04  m.m.)  '0015  in  long. 

1342.  Septozia  astragali.     Desm.     "  Milk-vetch  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous;  spots  irregular,  greenish-grey,  then  tawny;  peri- 
thecia ifew,  globose,  slightly  prominent,  black,  pierced  ;  spores 
very  long,  flexuous,  multisef)tate  (?). — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1(543, 
xix.^.  345.   Cooke  exs.  no.  141.   Cooke  L.  F.  no.  70. 

On  leaves  of  milk-vetch  {Astragalus).     Autumn. 

1343.  Septozia  vizgauzeae.     Desm.     '•' Golden-rod  Septoria." 

Epiphyllous;  spots  orbicular  or  irregular,  bleached,  whitish, 
and  brown,  variegated  ;  perithecia  innate,  minute,  convex,  nearly 
black,  mouth  widely  open  ;  tendrils  white  ;  spores  very  long,linear, 
nearly  straight  or  flexuous. — Desm.Ann.'Sc.Nat.lS'i2,:Kxu..p. 

w  2 


452  SPH^RONEMEI. 

109.     CooTce  exs.  no.  144.    Ascochyta  virgaurece,  Lib.  exs.  no.  55. 
Rabh.  exs.no.  1321. 

On  leaves  of  Solidago  virgaurea. 

Spores  ('l-OS  m.m.)  •0035--002  in.  long. 

Gen.  123.  PHYLLOSTICTA,  Pers. 

Perithecia  few  and  minute,  innate;  pierced  witli  a  terminal 
pore,  seated  on  discoloured  spots  ;  nucleus  gelatinous  ;  sporidia 
ovoid  or  oblong,  straight,  minute,  ejected  in  tendrils. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  any  satisfactory  characters  have  yet  been  indicated 
to  separate  this  genus  from  Sejitorm. 

1344.     Phyllosticta  atriplicis.     Desm.     "  Goose-foot  Phyllosticta." 

Ampliigenous ;  spots  orbicular,  Tvbitisli,  with  a  tawny  or 
brownish  margin,  scattered  or  confluent;  perithecia  on  the  upper 
surface,  very  minute,  numerous,  globose,  innate,  brownish-black, 
pierced  at  the  apex ;  tendrils  yellowish-white  ;  sporidia  cylin- 
drical, obtuse,  straight  or  curved,  and  somewhat  torulose,  with 
from  three  to  five  nucleoli. — Ann.  des  Sc.  Nat.  1851,  xvi./».  298. 
Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  p.  97./.  22.  Sphceria  {Depazea)  vagans, 
atriplkkola,  Fr.  S.M.  ii.  p.  582.  Cooke  exs.  no.  148.  Cooke  L.  F. 
no.  71. 

On  leaves  of  Atriplex  and  Chenopodiuni. 

1344a.  Phyllosticta  cirsii.     Besm.     "  Thistle  Phyllosticta." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  roundish  or  irregular,  numerous,  whitish 
with  a  brown  margin ;  perithecia  innate,  black  ;  sporidia  very 
minute,  oblong,  with  two  nucleoli. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1847.  viii.^. 
31.   Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  \Y.p.  97. 

On  leaves  of  Cirsium  arvense.     Sept. 

1345.  Phyllosticta  viciae.     "Yetch  Phyllosticta." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  white,  rounded,  with  a  purplish  margin  ; 
perithecia  minute,  aggregate,  black,  with  a  terminal  pore;  ten- 
drils white  ;  sporidia  ellipsoid  with  two,  sometimes  three  nucleoli. 
—  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.p.  97.  Ascochyta  vicice,  Lib.  exs.  no. 
356.  Phyllosticta  Ervil   West.  Bull,  des  Brux. 

On  leaves  of  Vicia  sepium.     Oct. 


SPH^ROXEMEI.  453 

3.34S.  Fhyllosticta  ruscicola.     D.R.  and  llont.     "Butcher's 

Broom  Fhyllosticta." 

Amphigenous  ;  spots  pallid,  with  a  reddish-brown  margin ; 
perithecia  scattered  over  the  spots,  covered  by  the  epidermis, 
globose,  black  ;  sporidia  oblong. — Fl.  Alg.  i.  p.  611.  Mont,  Syll. 
/).  279.  Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1847,  viii.  p.  32.  Desm.  exs.  no. 
1634.  West.  Bull,  de  Brux.  vii.  p.  23.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  p. 
97. 

On  the  phyllodia  of  Ruscus  aculeatus.     Autumn. 

1347.  Phyllosticta  cytisi.     Besm.     "Laburnum  Fhyllosticta." 

Spots  few,  round  or  irregular,  grey,  with  a  brown  margin  ; 
perithecia  epiphyllous,  black,  numerous  ;  sporidia  ovoid-oblong, 
with  two  nucleoli. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1847,  viii.  p.  34.  Desm.  exs. 
no.  1861.   Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  \\.  p.  97.   Cooke  exs.no.  150. 

On  fading  leaves  of  Cytisus  Laburnum.     Autumn. 

1348.  Phyllosticta  sambuci.     Desm.     "  Elder  Fhyllosticta." 

Epiphyllous  ;  spots  whitish,  solitary,  or  confluent,  and  disposed 
in  a  line ;  perithecia  innate,  minute,  few,  brownish-black, 
pierced  with  a  terminal  pore  ;  nucleus  whitish  ;  sporidia  ovoid- 
oblong,  with  two  nucleoli. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1847,  viii.  p.  34. 
Desm.  exs.  no.  1638.   Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iy.  p.  97,  f.  28. 

On  fading  leaves  of  elder.     Autumn. 

1349.  Phyllosticta    primul8ecola.     Desvi.     "Frimrose 

Fhyllosticta." 

Spots  occupying  both  surfaces  of  the  leaves,  large,  blanched, 
oftentimes  with  a  yellowish  border ;  perithecia  epiphyllous, 
numerous,  rather  prominent,  globose,  black,  shining ;  sporidia 
subglobose,  very  small. — An7i.  Sc.  Nat.  1847,  viii.  p.  130. 
Desm.  exs.  no.  1^29.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.iv.jJ-'^^.  Cooke  eots.no. 
147. 

On  fading  leaves  of  Primula  vulgaris.     Autumn.     Common. 

1350.  Phyllosticta  limbalis.     Pers.     "  Bos -leaf  Fhyllosticta." 

Spots  oval  or  oblong,  ivory  white,  with  a  discoloured  margin, 
generally  at  the  edges  of  the  leaves ;  perithecia  rare,  blackish, 
scattered,  sometimes  confluent ;  spores  oblong,  hyaline,  with 
three  or  four  nucleoli. — Pers.  Champ.  Comest.  Cooke  Seem. 
Journ.iY.p.dl.  Depazea  buxicola.  Fr.S.M.  ii.  528.  Fckl.  exs. 


454  SPH^EONEMEI. 

no.  429.  Sphcpria  lichenoides  var.  huxicola.  De  Cand.  Welw.  Crijnt 
Lusit.  no.  21. 

On  living  box  leaves.     Oct. 

1351.  Phyllosticta  erysimi.     West.     "  Sauce  alone  Septoria." 

Spots  blanched,  rounded,  with  a  linear  dark  brown  margin ; 
perithecia  numerous,  black,  scattered  al)out  the  centre  of  the 
spot;  ostiole  poriform;  sporidia  oval,  hyaline,  containing  two 
nucleoli  at  the  extremities. — West.  Bull,  de  Brux.  1863,  no.  21. 
Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  j9.  97. 

On  leaves  of  Erysimum  alliaria.     Autumn. 

1352.  Phyllosticta  violae.     Desm.    *' Violet  Phyllosticta." 

Amphigenous  ;  spots  whitish,  rounded,  scattered,  or  confluent; 
perithecia  innate,  numerous,  microscopical,  brown ;  tendrils 
white ;  spores  very  minute,  straight,  sub-cylindrical. — Desm. 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1847,  viii.  p.  29. 

On  violet  leaves.     June.     July. 

Spores  'Olm.m.  long. 

1353.  Phyllisticta  vulgaris  var.  Lonicerae.    Besm.    "Honey- 

suckle Phyllosticta." 

Spots  on  both  surfaces,  scattered,  rounded,  or  irregular,  olive 
brown,  grey,  or  whitish ;  perithecia  immersed,  globose,  then 
depressed,  amber  colour  then  brown,  pierced;  spores  minute, 
cylindrical,  straight,  obtuse. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1849,  xi.  p. 
350.   Cooke  exs.no.  1^^.   Cooke L.F.no.l2. 

On  honeysuckle  leaves.     Autumn. 

Gen.  124.  CHEILARIA,  Libert. 

Perithecia  sub-globose,  dehiscing  with  a  fissure ;  nucleus  gela- 
tinous ;   sporidia  more  or  less  globose,  ejected  in  tendrils. 

1354.  Cheilazia  axbuti.    Desm.    "  Arbutus  Cheilaria." 

Epiphyllous ;  spots  minute,  dark-coloured ;  perithecia  mi- 
nute, crowded,  black,  shining,  roundish-oblong,  dehiscing  by  a 
longitudinal  fissure;  nucleus  at  first  whitish,  ultimately  black- 
ened ;  sporidia  ovoid,  minute,  with  two  nucleoli. — Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 
1846,  vi.  2^-  68.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  iv.  p.  97.  Dothidea  arhutiy 
Duhy.  Bot.  Gall.  ii.  p.  111. 

On  leaves  of  Arhutus  unedo.     Jan. 


SPH^EOXEMEI.  455 

1334a.  Cheilaria  coryli.     Rol.     "  Hazel-leaf  Cheilaria." 

Ampliigenoiis ;  spots  irregular,  rufous ;  perithecia  hypophyllous 
rarely  epiphyllous,  innate,  membranaceous,  sub-gregarious,  very 
small,  roundish,  pallid  brown,  dehiscing  with  a  longitudinal  fis- 
sure ;  nucleus  white ;  sporidia  hyaline,  oblong,  somewhat  trun- 
cate, wedge-shaped,  or  fiddle-shaped. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  JSfat. 
1853,  XX. ^.  226.  Desm.  exs.  ed.  ii.  no.  80.  Cooke  Seem.  Journ.  \y. 
p.  97.   Cooke  exs.  no.  154. 

On  leaves  of  Corylus  avellana.     Autumn. 
Gen.  125.  ASCOCHYTA,  Lib. 


Perithecia  distinct,  delicate ;  spores 
oozing  out,  uniseptate,  or  simple. — 
Berk.  OutL  p.  320.  {Fig.  167.) 


Fig.  167. 

1355.  Ascochyta  pisi.     Lih.     "  Pea-pod  Ascochyta." 

Spots  somewhat  rounded,  excavated,  fawn-coloured,  margin 
brown  ;  perithecia  sub-central,  very  delicate,  brownish ;  mouth 
round ;  spores  oblong,  uniseiDtate,  contracted  in  the  middle. — 
Berk.  Outl.  p.  320.  Sphceria  (Depazea)  concava.  Berk.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  194, 1. 11,/.  3.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  487. 

On  pea  pods. 

Forming  little  round  fawn-coloured  pits,  studded  in  the  centre  with  the 
short  sub-cirrhiform  masses  of  spores.  Spores  oblong,  contracted  in  the 
middle,  uniseptate,  with  occasionally  a  single  nucleus  in  each  cell. — M.J.B. 

{Fig.  167.) 

1356.  Ascochyta  pallor.     Berk.     "  Pallid  Ascochyta." 

Spots  pallid,  sub-rotund ;  perithecia  scattered,  immersed,  pal- 
lid ;  epidermis  rather  prominent  above  the  obsolete  ostiola ; 
spores  linear,  curved  slightly. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  320.  Sphceria 
(Depazea) pallor.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  193,  t.  11,/.  2. 

On  living  bramble  shoots.     May. 

Forming  sub-rotund,  sometimes  confluent,  pale  spots,  sprinkled  ^-ith  little 
elevated  dark-bordered  dots,  which  indicate  the  perithecia ;  perithecia  ex- 
tremely delicate,  pale  fawn-coloured,  filled  with  linear  slightly  curved  spots, 
much  larger  then  in  Cytisjoora,  some  of  which  contain  an  obscure  row  of 
nuclei. 


456  SPHJEEONEMEl. 

1357.  Ascochyta  dianthi.     Berh.     "  Pink-leaf  Ascochyta." 

Perithecia  irregular,  conglomerate  ;  spores  spathulate,  some- 
times divided  into  two  parts,  containing  a  few  globose  granules. 
— Berk.  Outl.p.  320.  Sphoeria  (Depazea)  dianthi  A,  ^  S.  t.  6,/. 
2.  Berk.  exs.  no.  1^1.  Be?^k.  Ann.  jV.II.no.l04:,t.7,f.  6.  Fckl. 
exs.  no.  490.  A7.  exs.  no.  863. 

On  living  pink  leaves,  &c. 

1358.  Ascochyta    rufo-maculans.     Berk.    "Brown-spot 

Ascochyta." 

Spots  orbicular,  red-brown  ;  perithecia  emergent,  free,  of  the 
same  colour ;  spores  oblong,  simple,  constricted  in  the  centre. 
— Berk.  Outl.p).  320.  Septoria  rufo-maculans.  Berk.  Gard.  Chron. 
1854,  p.  676,  with  Jig. 

On  grapes. 

Forming  an  orbicular  spot  of  a  sienna  brown,  preserving  constantly  a  defi- 
nite outline.  This  spot  separates  readily  from  the  subjacent  pulp,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  copious  crop  of  mycelium,  the  threads  of  which  form  the  radii  of 
a  circle.  The  surface  is  rough  with  little  raised  orbicular  reddish  perithecia 
arranged  concentrically  ;  spores  varying  from  -0008  to  '0065  in.  ('02  to  '15 
m.m.)  In  age  the  perithecia  fall  away,  leaving  a  little  aperture,  the  border 
of  which  is  often  stained  black. 

Gen.  126.  CYSTOTRICHA,  B.  &  Br. 

Perithecia  bursting  longitudi- 
nally ;  sporophores  branched,  ar- 
ticulated, beset  here  and  there 
with  oblong,  uniseptate  spores. — 
Berk.  Outl.  p.  320.  B.  4\  Br.  Ann. 
N.II.no.US.  {Fig.  168.) 

Fig.  168. 

1359.  Cystotricha  striola.     B.&Br.     "  Seriate  Cystotricba." 

Perithecia  punctiform  or  linear,  often  forming  little  rows, 
black,  with  a  reddish  tinge ;  disc  reddish ;  sporophores  highly 
developed,  greatly  elongated,  bearing  one  or  two  branches  above, 
articulate  from  the  base,  sub-moniliform,  articulations  about  as 
long  as  broad,  giving  off  here  and  there  oblong  pellucid  spores, 
at  first  simple,  at  length  uniseptate. — B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
448,^.  12,/.  10. 

On  decorticated  wood. 

It  has  nearly  the  structure  of  Tubercularia,  with  the  addition  of  a  perithe- 
cium,  the  sporophores  being  closely  articulate.  {Fig.  168.) 


SPH^EONEMEI. 


457 


Gen.  127. 


NEOTTIOSFORA,  Desm. 


Perithecia  concealed,  with  a  central 
perforation;  spores  hyaline,  crested. — 
Berh.  Outlp.  820.  {Fig.  169.) 


Fig. 169. 
1360.        Neottiospora  caricum.     Besm.    '*  Sedge  Xeottiospora." 

Amphigenous ;  perithecia  scattered,  minnte,  rusty  brown,  at 
length  nmber,  nestling  in  the  parenchyma  of  the  leaf,  covered  by 
the  blackened  cuticle ;  tendrils  orange ;  spores  minute,  sub- 
hyaline. — Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  iVcti.  1843.  xix.^.  346.  Desm.  exs.no. 
1338.  B.  4-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  435.  Puihli.  F.E.  no.  42.  Sphceria 
caficina.  Desm.  exs.  no.  Ill . 

On  dead  leaves  of  Car  ices. 

Eemarkable  for  the  appendage  of  short  hyaline  threads,  with  which  the 
spores  are  furnished  at  one  extremity.  {F'-'J-  169.) 


Gen.  128. 


EXCIFULA,   Fr. 


•  \J      '>i)  -v_-. 


\ 


Perithecia  delicate,  hispid, 
open  above  (excipuliform)  ; 
spores  hyaline,  attenuated, 
but  not  appendiculate. — Berh. 
Outl.p.2,21.       {Fig. 110.) 


Fig.  170. 
1361.  Excipula  stxigosa.     Fr.    "  Grass  Excipula." 

Innate,  sessile,  flattened,  concave,  strigose,  black,  disc  pale ; 
spores  fusiform,  curved,  accuminate. — Fries  exs.  no.  136.  Eng.  Fl, 
v./?.  296.  Pezizastrigosa.  Fr.  S.M.ii.p.lO^.  Corda.  Icon.  i\\. 
f.  78.  Lib.  exs.  no.  349.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1236. 

On  culms  and  leaves  of  grass.  (F'ig.  170.) 

w  5 


458 


SPH^RONEMEI. 


1362.  Excipula  macrotricha.     B.^Br.     "  Furze  Excipula." 

Perithecia  hispid,  liairs  long,  straight;    spores  minute,  lumi- 
late.— 7?.  (j-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  444. 
On  dead  furze  branches. 

Perithecia  larger  tlian  in  the  other  species,  coarsely  hispid,  hairs^long, 
their  inner  tube  separating  easily  from  the  cuter. 

1363.  Excipula  chaetostroma.     B.(tBr.     "  Ash-key  Excipula." 

Gregarious,  convex,  cinereous,  everywhere  penetrated  by  black 
bristles  ;  spores  lunate,  sub-fusiform. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
445,f.  11,/.  2. 

On  dead  ash  keys.     Somerset. 

Minute,  convex,  black  ;  disc  rough  with  the  long  inarticulate  bristles, 
which  everywhere  penetrate  its  substance  ;  spores  on  rather  long,  fasciculate, 
or  connate  sporoiihores,  lunate,  subfusiform,  acute  at  either  extremity,  pale; 
endochrome  granulated,  green  under  the  microscope. — B.  d:  Br. 

1364.  Excipula  fusispora.     B.  &  Br.     "  Clematis  Excipula." 

Minute,  very  black,  invested  with  rigid  bristles;  spores  fusi- 
form, multiseptate,  middle  articulations  darker. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.no.8U,t.9,f.l. 

On  bark  of  Clematis  vitalha.     Jan.     Batheaston. 

Forming  very  minute  black  specks,  perithecia  clothed  with  dense,  slightly 
waved,  continuou?:  setse  ;  spores  curved,  fusiform,  "002  in.  ('05  m.m.)  long, 
multiseptate,  the  two  extreme  articulations  hyaline,  the  others  rather  darker, 
and  generally  containing  a  globose  nucleus. — B.d;Br. 


Gen.  129. 


Fig.  171. 


DINEMASPORIUM,   Lev. 

Perithecia  excipuliform,  delicate,  hispid ; 
spores  hyaline,  aristate  at  either  extremity. 
—Berk.  Outl.p.  321.  {Fig.  171.) 

1365.  Dinexnaspoxium   graminuxn. 

Lev.     "Grass  Dinemasporium." 

Perithecia  scattered,  hairy,  with  simple, 
black  bristles  ;  spores  cylindrical,  obtuse, 
curved,  aristate. — Lev.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  May, 
1846,^9.  274.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  446. 
Excipula  graminum.  Berk.  exs.  no.  328. 
Lib.  exs.  no.  348.  Corda.  Icon.  iii.  /.  79. 
Fckl.  exs.no.  204. 

On  leaves  of  grasses. 


SPELa!]ROyEMEI. 


459 


var.  herbarum.     Cooke.     Larger  than  the  typical  form,  but 
hardly  differing  in  fruit. — Cooke  exs.  no.  279. 

On  stems  of  nettle,  &c. 

An  allied  species  of  this  genus  occurs  in  South  Carolina,  U.S.     {Fig  171.) 


Gen.  130. 


MYXORMIA,  B.  &  Br. 


Perithecium  composed  of 

flocci  with  free  apices,  open 

above  ;    spores  concatenate, 

involyed  in  gelatine. — Berk. 

OiitLp.  321.   B.  4- Br.  Ann. 

N.II.no.U7.    {Fig.  172.) 

Allied  to  Excipula,  but  sepa- 
„.       ^^  rated  from  it  by  habit,  by  the 

-ti?'  1/-^'  absence  of  flocci,  and  above  all 

by  its  concatenate  spores.    The  spores  collectively  are  very  gelatinous. 

1366.  IVIyxormia  atro-viridis.      B.  d;  Br.      "Black  Green 

Myxormia." 

Perithecia  excipuliform,  scattered,  minute,  quite  smooth, 
formed  of  long,  closely-packed  narrow  cells  ;  sporophores  fili- 
form ;  spores  linear-oblong,  concatenated. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
n.U7,t.l2,f.  9. 

On  dead  leaves  of  grass.     Dec.     Batheaston. 

Spores  connected  by  a  very  delicate  thread,  which  frequently  breaks  off 
with  them,  containing  one  or  more  globose  nuclei,  generally  one  at  either 
end,  involved  in  gelatine,  forming  a  black  green  mass,  resembling  strongly 
the  fructifying  stratum  in  the  genus  Phallus.  {Fig.  172.) 


Gen.  131. 


FROSTHElVIIUiyi,    Kunze. 


Perithecia  carbonaceous  ;  spores 
fasciculate,  fusiform,  sejDtate,  at- 
tached to  articulated  threads. — 
Berk.Outl.p.  321.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p. 
297.  {Fig.173.) 


Fig.  173. 


4G0  SPH^EONEMEI. 

1367.  Prosthemium  stellare.    Bless.   "  Stellate  Prosthemium. ' 

Perithecia  sub-lentiform,  black,  covered  ;  spores  brown,  12-20 
connate  in  a  stellate  manner,  at  length  ejected  in  tendrils. — 
Eiess.  Bot.  Zeit.  1853,  p.  130,  t.  3,/.  28-31.  B.  4^  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  939,^.  15,/  10. 

On  alder.     West  of  England.  {Fig.  173.) 

Prosthemium  betulixum,  Kze.  is  a  condition  of  Massaria 
siparia. 

en.    132.  ASTEROIYIA,   D.C 

Perithecia  flat,  with  no  determinate 
orifice,   attached  to  creeping  branched 
threads;  spores  simple,  oruniseptate. — 
Berh.  Outl.p.  321.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  288. 
Fig.  174.  {Fig.  114..) 

1368.  Aster ozna  ireticulatuxn.    Berh.   "  Reticulated  Asteroma." 

Epiphyllous,  black,  sub-seriate,  the  cells  joined  by  free  longi- 
tudinal creeping,  somewhat  branched  fibrill^e. — Berk.  exs.  no. 
41.  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  288.  Dothidea  reticulata.  Fr.  S.M.  ii.  p.  560. 
Sturm.ni.t.l^.  Jloug.  exs.  no.  9S2.  Aster oma  poly gonati  D.C. 
Mem.  Mus.  t.  4,/.  5.  Fold.  exs.  no.  464. 

On  dead  leaves  of  Convallaria  majalis.  King's  Cliffe. 

1369.  Asteroma  ulmi.     XI.     "  Elm-leaf  Asteroma." 

Fibrillfe  very  delicate,  much  branched,  radiating,  sub-dicho- 
tomous,  flexuous,  seated  on  a  brownish  spot. — Klotsch.  Hook. 
Herh.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  289.    Cooke  L.F.  no.  74.   Cooke  exs.  no.  155. 

On  living  elm  leaves.     Scotland. 

1370.  Asteroma  prunellae.     Purt.     "  All-heal  Asteroma,"' 

Epiphyllous,  fibrill^e  pitch  black,  straight,  radiating  in  fas- 
cicles from  a  central  tubercle,  cells  minute,  sub-central — Baxt. 
exs.  no.  79.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  289. 

On  green  leaves  of  Prunella  vulgaris. 

It  has  the  appearance  of  a  mimite  ffutchinsia,  spread  out  upon  the  leaf, 
with  its  knob-like  root  in  the  centre.— ul/.  /.  jB, 


SPH^EONEMEI.  461 

1371.  Astexoma  padi.     Grev.     "  Bird  Cherry  Asteroma." 

Eadiating,  mucli  branched,  the  branches  arcuate,  brown,  with 
a  central  silvery  line  ;  spores  at  length  oozing  out,  linear,  very 
minute,  slightly  curved. — Grev.  Loud.  Hort.  B.p.  459.  Eng.  Fl. 
y.p.  289.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  201*  t.  11,/.  4. 

On  leaves  of  Prunuspadus.     Scotland.  (Fig.  1745.) 

1372.  Astexoma  zosae.     D.C.     "  Rose  leaf  Asteroma." 

Epiphyllous;  spots  purplish,  fibrils  radiating  from  the  centre; 
perithecia  scattered,  blackish  ;  spores  consisting  of  two  obovate 
cells  attached  by  their  broader  ends,  and  each  containing  two 
nuclei. — Lib.  exs.no.  61.  Berk.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  202,  t.  11,/.  5. 
Asteroma  radio sa.  Berk.  exs.  no.  314:.  Fries.  El.  ii. p.  lol.  Cooke 
exs.  no.  156.   Cooke  L.F.  no.  73. 

On  rose  leaves.     Autumn.     Common.         [Low  Carolina.] 

(Fiff.  174a.) 

AsTERo:\iA  VERONICA.  DesTu.  (Berk.  exs.  no.  193)  is  an 
early  condition  of  Capnodium  sphcericum,  Cooke,  as  traced  by 
Dr.  Capron,  of  Shere. 

Gen.  133.  RABENHORSTIA,   Fr. 

Conceptacle  thin,  sub-carbonaceous,  cup-shaped,  dimidiate, 
above  covered  with  the  adnate  cuticle,  celluloso-loculose  within, 
ostiolum  simple;  nucleus  gelatinous. — Berk.  Out!,  p.  322. 

1373.  Rabenhoxstia  xudis.     Fr.     "  Laburnum  Eabenhorstia."' 

Crowded  or  scattered,  furnished  with  a  black,  effused,  ambient 
crust ;  perithecia  covered,  villoso-furfuraceous,  dingy-black,  at 
length  dimidiate  from  the  peeling  off  of  the  epidermis  ;  nucleus 
pale  whitish  rose  colour. — Fr.  El.  ii.  p.  98.   Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  270. 

On  dead  twigs  of  Laburnum. 

1374.  Rabenhoxstia  tiliae.     Tr.     "  Lime  Rabenliorstia.." 

Scattered ;  perithecia  covered,  smooth,  black,  somewhat 
pitcher-shaped,  dimidiate,  neck  erumpent,  unequal,  black. — 
Sphoeria  tilice.  Fr.  S.M.  ii.  p.  485.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  269.  Nees.f. 
339.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  6S2.  Moug.exs.  no.  660.  Sphoeriasubsecreta. 
Sow.  t.  373,/.  8. 

On  dead  twigs  of  lime. 


462  SPH^EONEMEI. 

Gen.  134.  CYTISPORA,   Fr. 

Peritliecia  irregular,  or  compound  and  radiating  ;  spores  mi- 
nute, mostly  curved,  oozing  out  from  a  common  spot  in  the  form 
of  globules  or  tendrils. — Berh.  Outl.  p.  322.    Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  281. 

All  the  species  of  Ciitiqwra  are  merely  conditions  of  different  species  of 
Valsa,  &c.     The  following  are  given  in  Berkeley's  outlines  : — 

Cyfispora  ruhescens.    Fr.     On  dead  twigs  o^  Rosacece. 

CytLrpora  chrysosperma.     Fr.     On  dead  poplar. 

Cytispora  ca/rphosjierma.     Fr.     On  dead  twigs  of  7tOsace<K. 

Cyfispora  leucosperma.     P.     On  various  trees. 

Cytisporafngax.     Fr.     On  dead  willows. 

Cytispora  Herulersonii.     B.  &  Br.     On  twigs  of  Pi.osa  arvensis. 

Cytispora pinastri.     Fr.     On  fallen  pine  leaves. 

Cytispora  guttifera'     Fr.    On  dead  willow  twigs. 

Gen.  135.  MICROPERA,    Lev. 

Perithecia  innate,  membranaceous,  gaping  above,  without  any 
common  ostiolum  ;   spores  simple,  linear. — Berh.  Outl. p.  322. 

1375.         IVIicropera  drupacearum.     Lev.     '*  Cherry  Micropera." 

Perithecia  pustulate,  innate,  sub-cylindrical,  deformed  by 
mutual  pressure ;  ostiola  white ;  spores  curved  above. — Lev. 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  May,  1846,  p.  283.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1960.  B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  437.  Pers.  Ic.  Fid.  t.  20,  f.  1.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  638. 

On  dead  branches  of  cherry.     King's  Cliffe. 

Probably  not  autonomous.     Tulasne  states  it  is  the  Pycnidia  of  Dei'/natea 
Cerasi. 

Gen.  136.  DISCELLA,   B.  &  Br. 

Perithecium  spurious,  nearly  simple,  some- 
times obsolete  above,  or  entirely  wanting, 
and  hence  excipuliform  ;  spores  elongated, 
simple,  or  uniseptate. — Berk.  Outl.  p  323. 
B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  426.      {Fig.  175.) 

The  perithecium  is  so  little  distinct  from  the  stra- 
tum of  sporophores.  that  it  is  frequently  difficult,  in 
Fig.  175.  examining  a  slice  under  the  microscope,  to  say  that  it 

exists  though  the  two  together  are  sometimes  of  considerable  thickness, 
neither  is  the  limit  between  the  external  cells  and  those  of  the  matrix  very 
accurately  defined.  In  the  same  species  it  is  sometimes  entirely  wanting 
above,  and  the  sporophorous  stratum  merely  covered  by  the  cuticle,  which  at 
last  splits,  and  exposes  the  excipuliform  disc,  while  in  other  cases  the  spu- 
rious perithecium  extends  all  round,  being  intimately  blended  with  the  cuti- 
cular  cells.  The  cavity  is  essentially  simple,  but  there  is  sometimes  a.  slight 
fold  or  two  below,  showing  a  tendency  to  become  multicellular,  occasionally 
the  centre  is  vacant,  and  the  perithecium  then  forms  an  irregular  ring. — 
B.6:Br. 


SPH^EEOXEMEI.  463 

1376.         Discella  carbonacea.    B.  d-  Br.     "  Black  Discella." 

Perithecium  black  ;  spores  elongated,  sub  fusiform,  pale  jellow- 
green  by  transmitted  light,  uniseptate. — Ann.  X.H.  no.  426,  t.  12, 
f.  8,  d.  Phacidium  carhonaceum,  Fries,  exs.  no.  210.  Berk.  exs.  no. 
44.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  1100  {partli/).  Stilhospora  microsperma,  Johnd. 
FlBer.ii.p.l^'l. 

On  dead  sallow  twigs.     Common. 

Forming  small  scattered  disc-like  spots,  covered  with  the  cuticle,  which 
splits  from  the  centre,  and  ultimately  separates.  Perithecia  black,  generally 
excipuliforin,  bat  sometimes  extending  all  round,  and  then  bursting  above 
with  the  cuticle. 

3.377.        Discella  Desmazierii.    B.^^Br.    "  Blue-spored  Discella." 

Perithecia  soft,  externally  hyaline,  internally  bluish  ;  sporo- 
phores  elongated  ;  spores  fusiform,  simple,  indigo-blue. — Ann. 
N.H.no.4.il,tA2J.^a. 

On  twigs  of  lime.     Norths. 

Forming  scattered  discs,  which  however  are  blacker  than  rn.  D .  carhonacea , 
from  the  spores  being  darker.  Perithecium  delicate,  hyaline  next  to  the 
matrix,  then  blue,  obsolete  above  ;  sporophores  elongated,  strongly  developed, 
sometimes  forked  ;  spores  of  a  beautiful  indigo-blue,  truly  fusiform,  though 
not  much  elongated,  without  any  septum,  distinctly  bordered,  larger  than  in 
D.  carbonacea. — B.d;Bi\  (Fig.  IJo.J 

1378.  Discella  platyspora.     B.  <^' Br.     "  Broad. spored Discella." 

Perithecia  small,  for  the  greater  part  deficient  above,  sporo- 
phores short,  stout,  deciduous  as  well  as  the  oblong,  broad,  obtuse 
spores. — A?iJi.  N.H.  tzo.  428. 

On  dead  twigs  of  plane.     Batheaston. 

Forming  rather  minute,  slightly  raised  pustules,  perithecia  but  slightly 
developed,  generally,  if  not  always  deficient  above;  sporophores  short,  ob- 
tuse, simple,  often  breaking  ofi'with  the  oblong,  obtuse  spores,  the  cavity  of 
which  is  simple,  but  the  contents  decidedly  granular,  so  as  at  first  to  give  a 
granulated  aspect  to  the  outer  wall  — B.d:Br. 

1379.  Discella  micxospexina.     B.^Br.     *' Small-spored 

Discella." 

Perithecia  black,  pallid  under  a  lens  ;  spores  minute,  oblong, 
simple. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  X.H.  no.  429, 1. 12,  f.  8  e.  Berk.  exs.  no. 
44  {partly). 

On  dead  sallow  twigs. 

Resembling  strongly  Z).  carlionacea ,  but  somewhat  larger,  and  distinguished 
at  once  by  the  minute,  oblong,  simple  spores,  several  times  smaller  than  in 
that  species.  In  some  pustules  the  perithecia  open  by  a  minute  fissure,  the 
li  ps  of  which  being  elongated  by  the  oozing  out  of  the  spores  make  a  spurious 
ostiolum. — B.  (b  Br, 


464 


SPHiERONEMEI. 


1380.         Discella  abnormis.     B.  S^  Br.    "  Abnormal  Discella." 

Perithecia  globose,  spurious,  pierced  above  with  a  round  pore  ; 
spores  shortly  fusiform,  yellow-brown,  uniseptate. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  no,  429*. 

On  shoots  of  elder.     Batheaston. 

Perithecia  small,  entirely  covered  witb  ths  cuticle,  globose,  confused  with 
the  matrix.     Approaches  the  type  of  Diplodia. 


Gen.  137. 


PHLYCT^SNA,  Desm. 


Perithecium  spurious,  simple,  never  deficient  above ;  spores 
elongated. — Berk,  OutLj^-  323. 

1381.  Phlyctaena  vagabunda.    Besm,    '*  Common  Phlyctsena." 

Spots  none,  or  very  minute,  brown,  fibrillose  ;  pseudo-peri- 
thecia  mimerous,  scattered  ;  spores  hyaline,  curved,  elongated, 
linear,  somewhat  obtuse,  with  7-9  sporules. — Desm,  Ann.  Sc, 
Nat.  1847,viii.|9.  16.  Desm.  exs.  no.  1624.  B.^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
753.  Lib.  exs.  no.  248.  Moug,  exs,  no,  1086. 

On  dead  teazle  stems,  &c. 

1382.  Phlyctaena  Johnstonii.   B.  %  Br.   "  Johnston's  Phlj^ctcen a." 

Spots  rather  broad ;  pseudo-perithecia  brown  ;  sporophores 
flexuous,  ample ;  spores  elongated,  curved,  nodulose  in  the 
middle.— 5.  ^.  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no,  639*. 

On  dead  Senecio  Jacohcea,     Berwick. 

Spore?  several  times  longer  than  in  P.  vagabunda,  the  sporophores  highly 
developed,  and  towards  the  centre  of  the  spores  there  is  generally  a  distinct 
knot,  and  frequently  the  outline  is  more  or  less  irregular.— ^.<£'^r. 


Gen,   138. 


CEUTHOSPORA,   Fr. 


Perithecium  spurious, 
innate,  stromatiform,  mul- 
ticellular ;  spores  ejected 
from  one  or  more  orifices. 
-^BerJc.  Outl.p.  323. 

{Fig.  176.) 


Fig.  176. 


SPH^EOXEMEI. 


46.: 


o 


1383.  Ceuthospora  lauri.     Grev.    "  Laurel  Ceutliospora." 

Unilocular,  brownish-black,  obtusely  conic  splitting  into  3-4 
acute  erect  laciniee ;  spores  minute. — Grev.  t.  254.  JEng.  Fl.  Y.p. 
283.  SphcBria  lauri.  Sow.t.S71,f.  4:,  S.  heeler ce  f^^  lauri.  Fr. 
S.M.n.p.h2\.  Cooke exs. 710. 167.  Berk.exs.no.Sd. 

On  dead  leaves  of  cherry  laurel.  {F'ig.  176.) 

Ceuthospora  phacidioides,  Grev.  [Cooke,  exs.  no.  156)  is 
an  imperfect  condition  oi  Phacidium  ilicis. 


Gen.  139. 


ERIOSFORA,   B.  &  Br. 


Stroma  multicellular;  spores  ejected  by  a 
common  orifice,  quatemate,  filiform,  seated  on 
short  sporophores. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  323.  Ann. 
N.H.no.4:3^.  (Fig.  177.) 


Fig.  177. 


1384. 


Eriospora  leucostoma.     B. 

Eriospora." 


cC-  Br.     "  White  mouthed 


Spots  pitch  brown ;  stroma  depressed,  cells  variable,  sub- 
globose;  spores  very  long,  filiform. — B.  &  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 
438,^11,/.  1. 

On  dead  leaves  of  Typlia.     Feb.     Wilts. 

Spots  pitch  brown,  very  thin  and  diffused  towards  the  edges,  not  a  line 
broad,  marked  in  the  centre  ■with  a  punctiform,  white-bordered,  pulverulent 
aperture ;  stroma  depressed ;  cells  varying  in  number,  generally  globose, 
but  sometimes  from  the  confluence  of  one  or  more  depressed  ;  spores  very 
long,  filiform,  so  delicate  that  they  wave  from  the  minute  currents  formed 
by  the  evaporation  of  the  water  in  which  placed  for  examination,  at  first 
seated  four  together  on  short  cylindrical  sporophores,  but  soon  falling  off. — 
B.  <t  Br.  {Fig.  177.) 


4G6 


MELAXCONIEI. 


Order  XIII.     MELANCONIEI. 

Perithecmm  obsolete  or  altogether  wanting. 

Spores  oozing  out  in  a  black  mass. 

Simple        . Melanconium. 

Endochrome  divided Sfegonosponum. 

Septate Stilhosjoora. 

Septate  and  stellate AsterosjoorivMU 

Spores  pedunculate. 

Septate,  not  crested  ......  Coryneum. 

Septate,  crested         .......  Pestalozzia. 

Simple,  collected  in  tufts  .....  Cheiros])ora. 

Spores  oozing  out  in  tendrils. 
Coloured. 

Of  two  kinds Nemaspora. 

Of  one  kind Myxosjyorium, 

Hyaline. 

Of  one  kind Gloeos])orium. 

Gen.  140.  MELANCONIUM,   Link. 


Spores  simple,  oozing  out  in  a  dark 
mass. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  323.  Encj.  Fl.  v. 
i?.  357.  (Fig.  178.) 

Not  autonomous. 


Fig.  178. 


1385.  Melanconium  bicolor.    JVees.    "  Two-coloured  Melan- 

conium." 

Stroma  elevated,  prominent,  white  ;  spores  compact,  sub- 
globose,  olive,  or  olive  brown. — Kees.  t.  2,  f.  27.  Berk.  Mag. 
ZooL  ^-  Bot.  no.  37.  Cooke  exs.  no.  349.  Fr.  S.M.  iii.  p.  488.  B. 
^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  250.  Didymosporium  elevatum.  Fr.  S.M. 
iii./).  486.  Melanconium  sp>hcEroideum.  Eng.Fl.  v.  ^.  358.  Didy. 
hetulinum.  Grev.  t.  273.  Kze.  exs.  no.  157.  Corda.  i.  /.  33-34. 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  84.  Bisch.f.  3835. 

On  birch.  [United  States.] 

{Fig.  178.) 

1386.  Melanconium  magnum.     Berk.   "  Large  Melanconium." 

Spores  oval  or  sub-ovate,  not  septate. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  324. 
Stilbos2:)ora  magna.    Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  357.     Nemasp)ora  carpinea. 


MELAXCOXIEI. 


467 


BaxLexs.no.  76.  JSfemaspora  magna.    Grev.t.2>i^.  Sow.  t.  376. 
Corda.  iii./.  58.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  87.  Pringsh.  Jahrb.  ii,  t.  28,/.  19. 

On  walnut  and  hornbeam,  [Up.  Carolina.] 

Sometimes  covering  the  whole  tmnk,  the  spores  oozing  out  in  long  ten- 
drils. 


1387.        Melanconium  sphaexospermuiiic 

Melanconiura." 


LJi.     "  Round-spored 


Stroma  none  ;  spores  erumpent,  scarcely  compact,  globose, 
pellucid,  blackish. — Fr.  S.M.  ni.p.  489.  Be?^k.  Ann.  N.H.  no  261. 
Mahh.  F.E.  No.  179.  FchL  exs.  no.  86.  Bot.  Zeit.  1859,  t.  11,  f.  5. 
Stilbospora  sphcerosperma,  Pers.  Obs.  t.  l,f.  6.  Kze.  exs.  no.  102. 

On  reeds.     Tansor,  Norths.  [United  States.] 


Gen.  141. 


STEGONOSPORIUIVI,   Corda. 

Spores  unilocular,  the  endo- 
chrome  transversely  septate,  or 
cellulose,  oozing  out  in  a  black 
mass. — Berk.  Outl.p.  324. 

(Fig.  179.; 

Not  autonomous.  * 


Corda.     "  Cellular 


Fig.  179. 

1388.        Stegonosporium  cellulosum. 

Stegouosporium. " 

Pustules  effused,  black  ;  spores  sub-pyriform,  longitudinally 
cellulose  and  transversely  septate. — Coj^da.  Ic.m.f.  62.  Kl.exs. 
ii.  no.  148.  Fres.  t.  7,f.  53-57.  Curr.  Micr.  Journ.  iv.  t.  11,/.  10- 
25. 

On  dead  branches. 
See  Valsavestita^  of  which  this  is  a  secondary  fruit.  (Fig.  179. y) 


Gen.  142. 


STILBOSPORA,  Pers. 

Spores  septate,  oozing  out  in  a 
black  mass. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  324. 
Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  356.         {Fig.  180.) 

Scarcely  autonomous. 


rig.  180. 


468  MELANCONIEI. 

1389.  Stilbospora  ovata.     Pers.     "  Ovate  Stilbospora." 

Stroma  scarcely  any  ;  spores  ovate,  triseptate,  septa  some- 
times obsolete. — Pers.  Ohs.  i.  t.  2,f.  2.  Eng.  Fl.  v.  p.  357.  Grev. 
t.  212,/.  2.  Fr.  S.M.  ui.p.  485.  >S'.  pyriformis,  Iloffm.  F.  G.  ii.  t. 
13,/"  2.  Fries,  exs.  no.  2U.   Corda.iii.f.Gl.  Bisch.f.  3S90. 

On  dead  twigs.  [United  States.] 

1390.  Stilbospora  angustata.     P.     "  Narrow  Stilbospora." 

Stroma  scarcely  any  ;  spores  cylindrical,  4-5  septate. — Fr. 
S.3I.  iii.  p.  485.  Berk.  Mag.  Zool.  9-  Bot.  no.  36. 

On  Cornus  sanguinea.  [United  States.] 

{Fig.  180.) 

1391.  Stilbospora  macrosperma.     P.    "  Large- spored 

Stilbospora." 

Stroma  scarcely  any ,  spores  oval-oblong,  quadriseptate. — Pers. 

Disp.  t.  3./  13.     Nees.  f.  17.    FcJd.  exs.  no.  82.      Sjwridesmium, 

Corda.  Sturm,  t.  21.  Bisch.f.SSlQ.  Schnzl  1. 12,  f.  16-18.  Fres. 

i.  7,/ 46-52.  Hook.Journ.l8Dl,m.t.d,f.9.  Pay.f.2b4t.  Rabh. 

F.E.  no.  180. 

On  oak  branches,  &c.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

The  stylosporoTis  fruit  of  SjjfuBria  ( Massaria)  inqui/ians. 

Gen.  143.  ASTEROSPORIUM,   Kunze. 

Spores  stellate,  septate,  oozing  out 
in  a  black  mass. — Berk.  Outl.p.  324. 

(i^/^.181.) 

1392.        Asterosporium  HofFmanni. 

M.  S'  ^'     "  Star-spored  Fungus." 

Stroma  floccose  or  grumous  ;   spores 

stellate,  septate,  brownish,  or  slightly 

coloured  — Moug.  exs.  no.  669.  Fres.  t. 

Fig.  181.  5^/.  10-13.  Curr.  Mkr.  Jour.  iv.  t.  11,/ 

1-9.     Stilbospora  asterosperma,  Pers.  Syn.p.96.  Hoffm.  F.G.n. 

t.  13,/  3.  Fr.  S.M.  in.  p.  484.    Eng.  FL  Y.p.  356.  Cooke  exs.  no. 

211.  Fckl.  exs.no.  81. 

On  twigs  of  beech.     Common.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Easily  known  by  the  stellate  spores.  (Fig.  181.) 


MELANCOXIEI. 


469 


Gen.  144. 


Fig.  182. 
On  beech  twigs. 

Spores  -0065  in.  (E.G.) 
oligospora. 


CORYNEUM,  Kunze. 

Spores  separate,  seated  on  a  cushion- 
like  stroma. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  32-4.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.Sbo.  {Fig. 1S2.) 

1393.  Coryneum    macrosporum. 

Berk.     " Large -spored  Coryneum." 

Disc  slightly  depressed  ;  spores  fusi- 
form 7-12  septate,  pellucid  above,  greatly 
elongated,  and  curved  back. — F?ig.  Fl.  v. 
^.355.  Babh.  F.F.no.lb.  Sporidesmium 
vermiforme.    Fres.  ii.  t.  Q,f.  5G-58. 

This  is  said  to  be  the  Conidia  of  Melogrammai 


1394.  Coryneum  pulvinatum.     Eze.     "  Pulvinate  Coryneum."] 

Disc  sub-rotund,  pulvinate,  convex,  spores  oblong,  obtuse, 
brown  ;  sporophores  cylindrical. — Kunze.  M.  H.  i.  t.  2,  /.  19. 
Moug.  exs.  no.  574.  Eng,  Fl.  y.j).  355.  Fr.  S.M.  iii.^.  474.  FcJd. 
exs.  no.  1654.  Bon.  1. 12,/.  240. 

On  dead  sycamore.  [^iid.  Carolina.] 

Spores  "003  in. 

1395.  Coryneum  disciforme.    Eze.    "  Discoid  Coryneum." 

Pustules  disc-like,  flattened  ;  spores  clavate,  sporophores  at- 
tenuated.—Xw/i  2^.  M.  H.  i.  2^.  76,  /.  18.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  X.H.  no. 
450.  Pay.f.^bQ.  Bisch.f.  3Sd3.  Cooke  exs.  no.  3bl.  Babh.F.F. 
710.278.  Boji.t.l2,f.23d. 

On  dead  birch. 

var.  /3.  ellipticum.  B.  4' Br.  Bursting  transversely  through 
the  bark,  large,  elliptic,  pulvinate  ;  stroma  thick  white,  black 
towards  the  edges,  consisting  of  closely  packed  elongated  cells  ; 
spores  fusiform,  multiseptate,  articulations  slightly  constricted ; 
endochromes  granular,  containing  generally  two  transversely  ar- 
ranged globules. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  450. 

On  trunks  of  birch.     King's  Cliffe. 


470  MELANCONIEI. 

1396.  Coryneum  coxnpactum.     B.  d:  Br.   "  Compact  Coryneum." 

IMinute,  at  first  covered,  at  length  exposed ;  spores  broadly 
fusiform,  slightly  obtuse,  nuclei  concatenate. — Ann.  N.II.  no.  449. 

On  dead  twigs  of  elm.     March.     Wraxall. 

[Upper  Carolina,  U.S.] 

Forming  minute  scattered  pustules,  at  first  quite  covered  by  the  cuticle, 
at  length  exposed ;  stroma  convex,  spores  pedunculate,  widely  fusiform, 
slightly  obtuse,  4-5  septate,  nuclei  large,  connected  with  one  another.^ 
B.Sf  Br. 

1397.  Coryneum  Kunzei.     Corda.    "  Kunze's  Coryneum." 

Erumpent,  disciform,  black,  stroma  placentgeform,  brown 
within ;  spores  fusiform,  acute  at  each  end,  septate,  brown,  with 
a  terminal,  colourless  apiculus. — Corda.  Icon.  lY.f.  131.  Kl.  exs. 
no.  1360,  ii.  no.  779.  Berh.  exs.  no. 

On  dead  oak  twigs. 

Spores  *002o-"003  in.  (E.C.)  The  sporophores  are  very  persistent  and  long, 

1398.  Coryneum  xnicrostictuxn.     B.  Sf  Br.      "  hmall-spored 

Coryneum." 

Covered  ;  stroma  obsolete  ;  spores  minute,  shortly  lanceolate, 
2-3  septate. — B.  4' Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  451.  Sporocadus  rosceola. 
Bahh.  exs.  no.  1166. 

On  dead  twigs  of  rose,  vine,  Eerria,  &c. 

Scattered  over  the  t^igs,  and  always  concealed  beneath  the  cuticle,  which 
cracks  in  the  centre  of  each  little  pustule ;  stroma  obsolete  ;  sporophores 
elongated  ;  spores  minute,  brown,  shortly  lanceolate,  with  two  or  three 
septa.  This  has  much  the  habit  of  a  Hendersonia,  but  there  are  no  peri- 
thecia.-  B.  cf-  Br. 

1399.  Coryneum    macrospermum.      B.S^Br.      "Naked 

Coryneum." 

Stroma  minute,  pulvinate;  jflocci  forked  above;  spores  sub- 
cylindrical,  4-5  septate,  extreme  articulations  hyaline. — B.  ^Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  941,^.  15,/.  12.  Didymosporium  macrospermum 
Corda.  yi.f.  17.  Fckl.  exs.no.  83. 

On  elm  poles.     Jan.     Batheaston. 

Forming  little  scattered  spots  on  the  surface  of  the  wood;  stroma  cellular; 
thread  cylindrical,  equal,  forked  above. 

1€00.         Coryneum    umbonatum.     Tid.   "  Umbonate  Coryneum." 

Erumpent,  black,  disciform,  umbonate  in  the  centre  ;  stroma 
cellular,  brown  j   spores  oblong,  on  slender  sporophores. — Tul. 


MELAXCOIflEl. 


471 


Carp.  ii.  t.  xv./.  9.  Corda.  Anl.  t.  G.  f.  69,  no.  11-13.  Biscli.  /. 
3859.  Nees.ii.f.^X.  Corda.  Icon.  Hi. f. '^2.  Steganospoimm  eleva- 
tum.  Reiss.  Bat.  Zeit.  1853,  t.  3,  /.  24-27.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  95.  Kl. 
exs.no.  1853. 

On  oak  twigs. 

Conidiiferous  condition  of  Melanconis  umbonoJa  Tul.  The  spores  are  very 
broadly  fusiform  on  slender  sporophores,  the  endochrome  divided  into  four 
or  five  transversely  elliptical  portions^  scarcely  coloured  •0017-  002  in, 

{Fig.  182.) 


Gen.  145. 


FESTALOZZIA,   De  Not. 

Spores  septate,  seated  on  a  long 
peduncle,  crested  above. —  Berk.  Outl. 
p.  324.  {Fig.  183.) 

1401.       Festalozzia  Guepini.    Besm. 

"  Camellia  Pestalozzia." 

Amphigenous,    black,    scattered   ; 
spores  fusiform,  pedicellate,  hyaline 
at     each    extremity,     3-4     septate  ; 
crowned  with  3-4  very  slender,  hya- 
Fig.  183.  line,  divergent  set£e. — Desrn.  exs.  no. 

1084.    Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1840,  xiii.;;.  182.    Corda.  Anl.  t.  F.  f.  58, 
710.8,  9,  ^.4,/.  1-3.  Fckl.exs.no.  o22.  Fay. f.  361. 

On  Camellia  leaves.  [Low.  &  Mid.  Carolina,] 

(Fig.  183.) 

1402.  Festalozzia  funerea.     Desm.     "  Cypress  Pestalozzia." 

Pustules  black,  scattered,  erumpent.  Spores  fusiform,  shortly 
pedicellate,  hyaline  at  each  extremity,  4-septate,  crowned  above 
with  3-5  filifoiTQ  hyaline,  short,  straight,  divergent  appendages. 
— Desm.  Ann.  des  Sc.  Nat.  1843,  xix.j).  335. 

On  twigs  and  branches  of  cypress.     (Dr.  J.  Lampray.) 

1403.  Festalozzia  lignicola.     CooJte.     "Wood  Pestalozzia." 

Perithecia  semi-immersed,  laterally  compressed,  black;  ostiola 
elongated  from  lateral  pressure ;  spores  cylindrical,  obtuse,  tri- 
septatc,  the  cell  at  each  end  hyaline,  intermediate  cells  brown  ; 
setse  2-4  hyaline,  simple ;   sporophores  very  long. 

On  chips.     Shere. 

This  has  the  appearance  of  a  Lophiostomous  Sphceria,  and  is  quite  distinct 
from  anything  -we  find  described. 


MELANCONIEI. 


CHEIROSPORA,  Fr. 


Spores  collected  in  bundles 
at  the  tip  of  hyaline,  filiform 
sporophores,  forming  monili- 
form  threads. — Berh.  Outl.  p. 
325.  {Fig.  184.) 


Fig.  184. 


1404. 


Cheirospora  botryospora. 

Cheirospora." 


Fr.      "  Cluster-spored 


Gregarious,  punctiform,  black,  opaque,  oozing  when  moist  in 
a  tremelloid  mass ;  stroma  hyaline,  gelatinous ;  sporophores 
dichotomous  or  branched ;  spores  minute,  oblong,  collected  in 
subglobose  heads  at  the  tips  of  the  sporophores. — F7\  S.V.S.  p. 
499.  B.  4' Br.  Ann.N.H.  no.  441*.  Hyperomyxa  stilhosporoides. 
Corf/a.  iii./.  89.  Stilhospora  hotryospora.  Mont.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 
1837,^.  18, /.  5.  Myriocephalum.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  ^6-97 .  Curr. 
Micr.  Journ.  iv.  ^.  11,  /.  1-9.  De  Not.  Micr.  Ital.  iii.  1. 10.  Fres. 
Beitr.  t.  5,/,  1-9. 

On  beach  and  ivy  twigs.     Common. 

There  appears  to  be  no  specific  difference  between  the  form  on  beech  twigs 
and  that  on  ivy.  {Fig.  184.) 


Gen.  147. 


NEMASFORA,   P. 


Spores  coloured,  oozing  out  in  large  tendrils ;  spores  of  two 
kincls,  some  minute,  others  filiform,  with  a  strong  curvature. — 
Berk.  Outl.  p.  325.  Eng.Fl.  Y.p.  odd. 

These  species  are  only  conditions  of  Sphseriaceous  fungi. 


1405. 


Nemaspoza  crocea.     P.     "  Orange  Nemaspora." 


Nucleus  pallid,  spores  (at  length)  curved,  very  slender, 
orange. — Pers.  Syn. p. 109.  Eng^  Fl.  y.  p).  2>dd.  Fries.exs.no. 
107.  Moug.  exs.  no.  177.  Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xix.  t.  5,  /.  3. 
Sphceria  pjrofusa.    Sow.t.  377.    Lihertella  faginea.    Desm.  Ann. 


IIELAXCOXIEI. 


473 


Sc.  Nat.xix.  t.  5,  /.  5.    Cooke  exs.  no.  212.    Fckl.  exs.no.  6^4:. 
Corda.  Icon.  i.  t.  6-7.  Fres.  t.  4,/.  35-89.  Bisch.f.  3885. 

On  beech  trunks.     Common.  [United  States.] 

In  an  imperfect  state  it  is  a  mere  gelatinous  mass  of  minute  globose  con- 
idia.     The  perfect  spores  are  strongly  curved, — M.  J.B. 

1406.  Nemaspora  arosae,    Desm.    "Eose  Xemaspora." 

Spores  curved  into  a  semi-circle,  very  slender,  orange. — Fr. 
S.M.iii.p.Al^.  Eng.  FLy.p.Bd6,  Libertella  rosoe.  Desm.  Ann, 
Sc.  Nat.  xix.  t.  5,/.  6. 

On  rose  and  lilac. 


Gen,  148.. 


MYXOSFOmUM,   De  Not. 


Spores  coloured,  minute,  of  one  kind,  forming  tendrils, — 
Berk.  OutLp.32b. 

1407.  IVIyxospoiriuni  oxbiculare.    Berk,     "  Orbicular  Mysos- 

porium." 

Spores  very  minute,  oblong,  pale  vinous  red,  discharged  in 
slender  tendrils. — Berk.  Outl.p,32b.  Cytispora  orbicularis.  Berk. 
An7i.N.H.no.lOQ,t.7,f.  6, 

On  gourds. 

Forming  orbicular  patclies.    In  a  vertical  section  there  is  an  appearance 

of  peritliecia.  but  in  the  horizontal  section  this  is  scarcely  observable;   in 
general  confluent,  with  one  or  two  orifices  to  each  group. 

Myxosporium  colliculosuai.  Berk.  (Sow.  t.  409)  is  evidently 
nothing  more  than  the  spermogonia  of  Bcestelia  cancellata. 

Myxosporium  paradoxum.  De  Xot.  according  to  Tulasne, 
is  the  pycnidia  of  Trochila  craterium. 


Gen.  149. 


GI..a:OSFOIlIUM,   Mont. 


Spores  hyaline,  simple,  of  one  kind, 
oozing  out  in  the  form  of  tendrils. — 
Berk.  Outl.p.  325.  {Fig.  185.) 


Fig.  185. 


474  MELAXCOXIEI. 

1408.  Glseosporiuxn   concentricuxn.    B.^'Br.    "Concentric 

Glffiosporium." 

Minute,  white,  disposed  concentrically;  spores  numerous, 
cylindrical,  truncate,  pellucid,  oozing  out  and  forming  little 
heaps. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  441.  Cylindrosporium  concentri- 
cum,   Grev.t.  27.   Uredo  cylindrospora.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.SS4:. 

On  living  cabbage  leaves. 

Spores  produced  beneatli  the  cuticle,  and  forming  little  heaps  by  oozing 
out,  as  in  other  species. 

1409.  Glseosporium    labes.      B.  S;  Br.      "  Poplar-leaf  GI^os- 

porium." 

Spots  indefinite,  brown ;  spores  sub-pyriform,  obsoletely  uni- 
septate,  sub-cirrhose. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  440.  Asteroma 
lubes.  Berk.  exs.  no.  346.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  203,  t.  11,/.  6. 

On  Hving  poplar  leaves.       Jul. 

Forming  irregular  brown  patches,  scattered  or  occupying  almost  the  whole 
of  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaf,  the  stroma  when  held  up  to  the  light  is 
found  to  be  disposed  in  a  fibrillose  form  ;  spores  forming  short  tendrils,  sub- 
pjriform,  with  an  obscure  septum  (not  always  visible)  at  the  contracted  part 
of  the  spore.  The  spores  in  the  fresh  plant  show  little  granules,  generally 
disposed  in  two  patches. — M.  J.  B. 

1410.  Glaeosporium.    leeticolor.       "  Salmon-coloured  Glffios- 

porium." 

Spots  depressed,  centre  white,  with  a  black  ring,  pustules  cir- 
cinating,  tendrils  pale  red,  spores  oblong,  the  endochrome  re- 
tracted at  either  end. — Berh.  Gard.  Chron.  ISbd.j^P-  604. 

On  peaches  and  nectarines. 

At  first  appearing  as  dark  specks  with  a  bleached  centre ,  at  length  the 
white  spot  and  dark  ring  become  more  clearly  defined,  seated  in  the  centre  of 
a  regular  circular  depression,  the  borders  of  which  are  pale.  The  whole  sur- 
face of  the  depression  studded  with  little  salmon-coloured  warts,  disposed 
more  or  less  in  circles,  from  which  issue  little  curled  tendrils  of  salmon- 
coloured  spores  ;  spores  oblong  jgL  in.  long,  with  their  contents  retracted 
to  either  end. 

1411.  Glaeosporium  fiuctigenum.     *' Fruit  Glfeosporiura." 

Pustules  concentric,  of  two  forms,  one  opening  in  a  stellate 
manner,  with  apical  spores,  the  other  opening  by  a  pore,  with 
the  spores  forming  a  gelatinous  tendril. — Berk.  Gard.  Chron. 
lSb6,pp.2AbJg. 

On  apples. 

Studding  the  fruit  with  pearl-like  specks,  bursting  through  the  cuticle, 
and  swelling  above  it  in  the  form  of  little  fiat  cushions.  Sometimes  single, 
more  frequently  surrounded  by  a  more  or  less  perfect  ring.     Each  plant 


TORULACEI. 


475 


consists  of  a  brancTied  inosculating  mycelium,  giving  rise  to  simple  or  forked 
Bubfastigiate,  irregular  threads,  each  tip  surmounted  by  an  oblong,  curved, 
or  irregular  spore  ('001  in.)  m.m.  long.  Afterwards  the  cuticle  is  raised  in 
little  shining  transparent  pustules,  and  a  tendril  of  minute  spores,  precisely 
like  the  previous  ones,  issues  from  them.  {Fig.  185.) 

1412.  Glaeosporium  umbrinellum.     B.&Br,     *' Little  brown 

Glceosporium." 

Spots  irregular,  angular,  brown  ;  spores  pallid. — B,  ^  Br,  Ann. 
N.H.  (1866),  no.  1144,  t.  3,/.  5. 

On  fallen  oak  leaves.     Oct.     Batheaston. 

Forming  minute  brown  spots  ;  spores  binucleate,  ■0004-'0006  in.  ('01— "015 
m.m.)  long,  supported  on  long,  often  forked  sporophores,  at  length  oozing 
out  in  the  form  of  a  pale  irregular  tendril. — B.  4*  Br. 

1413.  Glaeosporium  ficarise.    Berli.   "  Pilewort  GlEeosporium." 

White  ;  spores  irregularly  oblong,  slightly  curved. — Cylind- 
rosporium  ficaricB,  Berk.  exs.  no.  212.  An?i.  N.H.  no.  135. 

On  Ranunculus  Jicaria.     Common. 

Oozing  out  in  tendrils,  and  forming  irregular  white  patches  on  the  green 
leaves. 


Order  XIV,     TORULACEI. 

Perithecium  altogether  wanting.  Fructifying  surface  naked. 
Spores  compound,  or  arising  from  rejDeated  division  (tomiparous), 
very  rarely  reduced  to  a  single  cell. — Berh.Outl,  p,  325. 


Spores  tomiparous 

Simple 

Flocci  straight 

.     Torula, 

Flocci  concentric        .... 

,     Sjjeira. 

Didymous 

Bisjjora, 

Multiseptate. 

not  enclosed     .... 

,     Septonema. 

at  first  enclosed  in  the  fl.occi   . 

.     Sporochisma. 

Spores  radiating,  multiseptate 

.     Bactridium. 

Spores  spirally  involute,  articulated 

.     Helicosporium. 

Spores  irregular,  multicellular 

conglutinate     .... 

.     Co/iiofhecium. 

not  conglutinate 

.     Sporidesmium. 

Flattened,  tongue  shaped 

.     DictyosporiuTn. 

Spores  collected  in  fours. 

Quadriarticulate  crested    . 

,     Tetraploa. 

Spores  bilocular,  epiphytal 

.    Acalyptospora. 

Spores  unicellular. 

Eough,  parasitic        .... 

,     Echinobotryum. 

Smooth,  arising  from  the  matrix     • 

,     Gymnosporiuvu 

476  TOEULACEI. 

TORUI.A,  Pers. 


Spores  tomiparous,  simple. — Berh.  Outl, 
p.  326.  {Fig.  186.) 


Fig.  186. 

1414.  Torula  moxiilioides.     Cd.    "  Beaded  Torula." 

Spores  oblong-elliptic,  flocci  sub- effused,  erect,  aggregate, 
simple,  jet  black. — Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  359.  Corda,  Sturm,  t.  38.  Bon. 
t  2,/.  58. 

On  sticks.     Appin. 

1415.  Toirula  ovalispora.     Berh.     "  Oval-spored  Torula." 

Spores  broadly  oval,  pale,  minute  ;  flocci  densely  aggregate. — 
Eng.  Fl.  V.  j9.  859.   Conoplea  cinerea,  Pers, 

On  wood.     Common. 

Forms  little  flat,  roundisli,  at  length  confluent  patches,  of  a  browBish- 
black  hue,  with  sometimes  a  glaucous  bloom  externally. 

1416.  Tozula  pul villus.     ^,  ^^r.     Cushion-like  Torula," 

Tufts  pulvinate,  flocci  compact,  straight,  branched  ;  joints  ob- 
long, slightly  constricted. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  463. 

On  dead  twigs  of  oak,  burstiug  in  little  tufts  through  the 
bark.     March.     Apethorpe. 

Tufts  cushion-shaped  J  half  a  line  broad,  compact,  black  ;  flocci  straight, 
slightly  branched,  often  suddenly  diminishing  in  size,  and  again  incrassated, 
ccnsisting  of  numerous  slightly  constricted  oblong  jointsj  endochrome  con- 
taining a  single  nucleus. — AI.  J.  B. 

1417.  Tozula  pulveracea.     Corda.     "  Powdery  Torula." 

Tufts  olivaceous-black  or  sooty,  oblong,  parallel,  thick,  with  a 
blackish  sj)urious  stroma,  threads  of  spores  branched  ;  spores  ob- 
long ovate,  olive,  smooth,  with  nuclei. — Corda.  ii.p.  8,  t.  9,/.  38. 
Fckl.  exs.  no.  68.   Cooke  exs.  no.  347. 

On  fallen  sticks,  &c. 

Forming  thick  oblong  sooty  tufts,  which  are  often  confluent  in  a  large 
patch,  pulverulent,  and  of  a  brown  or  olive-black  colour,  not  the  jet-black  of 
many  other  species.  The  spores  are  more  brown  than  olive,  with  usually 
one  or  two  nuclei. 


TORULACEI.  477 

1418.  Toiula  stilbospora.     Corda.    "Willow  Torula." 

Tufts  erumpent,  pulverulent,  elongated,  confluent,  very  black ; 
flocci  unequal,  branched  or  simple,  flexuous ;  spores  sub-quadrate, 
gub-equal,  connate,  brown. —  Corda.  Sturm  iii.  t.  46.  Corda.  Icon. 
v./.  13.  Rabli.  F.E.  no.  79  4'  882. 

On  willow  brandies.     Batbeaston,  &c. 

1419.  Torula  abbreviata.     Corda.     "  Short-tbreaded  Tomla." 

Tufts  black,  confluent;  flocci  abbreviated,  3-4  spored  ;  spores 
very  minute,  globose,  greyish,  semi-pellucid. — Corda.  Icon.  \.f. 
130, 

var.     p.     sphaeriaefoxxnis.    B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  464. 

On  decorticated  branches  of  Pinus  sylvestris.     Wraxall. 

Instead  of  being  widely  diffused,  this  variety  presents  little  sphferia-lite 
tufts,  and  has  a  highly  developed  hyphasma,  consisting  of  forked  threads, 
at  the  apices  of  which  the  short  chains  of  spores  are  fixed. — B.  <£'  Br. 

1420.  Torula  basicola.     B.S^'Br.     "  Creeping  Torula." 

Hyphasma  creeping,  branched,  here  and  there  rising  ;  fertile 
flocci  short,  5-7  articulate,  fastigiate;  articulations  not  constricted, 
at  length  separating,  the  last  very  obtuse. — Ann.  N.H.  wo.  465, 
t,  11,/.  4. 

On  stems  of  peas  and  Nemophila  auriculata. 

Black,  effused ;  hyphasma  here  and  there  rising  from  the  general  mass, 
and  giving  off  fascicles  of  short  fastigiate  fertile  threads,  consisting  of  5-7 
articulations.    Each  endochrome  has  usually  a  single  nucleus. — B.(hBr. 

1421.  Torula  hysterioides.     Cd.     "  Hysterimn-like  Torula." 

Tufts  linear,  abbreviated,  often  parallel,  black  ;  flocci  erect, 
crowded  (adherent),  equal,  filiform,  yellowish  ;  spores  quadran- 
gular, terete,  pellucid. — Corda.  Icon.  i.  f.  139,  B.  ^  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.no.lhl.  Rahh.F.E.no.'2^2, 

On  poles,  &c. 

Easily  distinguished  under  the'microscope  hy  the  flocci  having  a  tendency 
to  adhere  to  each  other,  side  by  side. 

1422.  Torula  cylindrica.     Berk.     *' Cylindrical  Torula." 

Effused,  threads  not  moniliform ;  spores  fasciated. — Berk.  Eng. 
Fl.Y.p.3D9. 

On  sticks. 

Spores  united  four  together,  into  short,  equal,  cylindrical  flocci,  which 
resemble  in  some  states  those  of  Arthriaium.  It  appears  like  a  thin  black 
wash  on  the  bark  of  sticks.— i/.  J.  B. 


478  TORULACEI. 

1423.  Torula  hexbaruxn.     Lh.    "  Herbaceous  Torula." 

Spores  globose,  green,  then  black ;  flocci  aggregate,  not  strongly 
moniliform, — Link.  iSp.  i.p.  128.  Corda,  Sturm,  t.  48.  Eng.  Fl.  v. 
p»  359.   Cooke  exs.  no.  362. 

On  stems  of  herbaceous  plants,  especially  UmhellifercB.  Com- 
mon. [United  States.] 

Forming  flat  sooty  patches,  variegated  with  olive-green  j  spores  fasciated. 

(Fig.  186.; 

1424.  Tozula  graxninis.    Desm.     "  Grass  Torula." 

Tufts  very  small,  subrotund  or  oval,  brownish  black ;  flocci 
simple,  decumbent,  opaque  ;  spores  globose,  deciduous. — Desm. 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  1834,  ii.  t.  2,/.  6.  Desm.  exs.  no.  169.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  134.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  69. 

On  dry  leaves  of  Carices.     Colleyweston. 

1425.  Torula  plantaginis.     Cd.    *'  Plantain  Torula." 

Hypophyllous,  effused,  indeterminate,  tomentose,  black ;  hy- 
phasma  creeping,  filamentous,  branched ;  flocci  erect,  brown, 
fasciculate,  flexuose,  simple,  rarely  forked ;  spores  subquadrate, 
smooth,  brown,  nucleate. — Corda.  iii.  1. 1,/.  14.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  252.  Kl.  exs.  no.  1764.  Fckl.  exs.  no.  65. 

On  leaves  of  Plantain.     Stibbington,  Hants. 

"  I  find  exactly  the  same  barren  creeping  threads  of  a  perfectly  distinct 
structure  from  the  torulose  threads  as  Corda.  I  suspect  that  further  obser- 
vations will  show  that  this  fungus  has  distinct  spores."' — M.J.B. 

1426.  Torula  sporendonema.    B.^Br.    "  Cheese  Torula." 

Flocci  somewhat  branched,  woven  together  into  pulvinate  red 
tufts  ;  spores  globose. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  462.  Rahh.  F.E.  no.  849. 
Sporendonema  casei,  Desm.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xi.p.  246.  Moug.  exs. 
no.^m.  Eng.Fl.Y.p.SbO.  Bull.  t.  604:,/.  2. 

On  cheese  and  rat's  dung. 

This  has  exactly  the  structure  of  Tonda,  and  certainly  has  not  the  spores 
contained  in  a  tube. — M.  J.  B.  We  have  also  found  it  on  old  and  decaying 
glue. 

Torula  Eriophori.  Berk,  is  Gonatosporium  puccinioides. 
See^nw.iV^.iy.710.236,519. 

Sporendonema  Musc^.  Fr.  Empusa  muscce.  Cohn.  See 
Saprolegniei, 


TOETJLACEI. 


479 


Gen.  151. 


SFEIRA,  Corda. 


Flocci  concentric,  at  first  connate, 
forming  plates,  at  length  breaking  up. 
Spores  simj^le.  Stroma  none. — Corda. 
Icon.  i.p.  9. 

{Fij.  187.) 


Fig.  187. 

1427.  Speixa  toruloides.     Corda.     "  Tonila-like  Speira." 

Tufts  irregular,  elongated,  brown;  threads  connate  in  laminae; 
spores  quadrangular,  yellowish,  pellucid. — Corda.  Icon.  i.f.  140. 
B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  1041.  Pay.f.  295.  Corda.  Anl.  t.  B.f.  5.  7. 

On  dead  herbaceous  plants.     Batheaston.  (^^^  I87.) 


Fig.  188. 


BACTRIDIUIVI,  Kunze. 

Spores  radiatirg,  coloured  or  hyaline, 
oblong,  multiseptate. — BerJc.  Outl.p.  326. 

(Fig.  ]  %S.) 

1428.  Bactridium  flavum.     Kze. 

"Yellow  Bactridium." 

Tufts  irregular,  usually  subglobose,  com- 
pact, yellow  ;  spores  oblong-ovate,  obtuse ; 
hyphasma  somewhat  branched,   sparingly 

septate. — Kze.  M.H.  i.  1. 1,/.  2.  Bon.  t.  2,/.  47.  Berk.  exs.  no.  327. 

Bahh.F.E.  no.  2,12. 

On  elm  stumps.  [United  States.] 

{Fig.  188.) 

1429.        Bactridium  helvellse.   B.^^Br.   "  Parasitic  Bactridium." 

Tufts  confluent,  very  thin,  microscopical,  effused  ;  flocci  some- 
what erect,  branched  sparingly;  spores  clavate,  or  clavately 
pear-shaped,  2 — at  length  6-7  septate,  colourless. — B.  ^-  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  816,  t.  9,/.  3.  Didymaria  helvellcB.   Corda.  vi./.  24. 

On  the  hymenium  of  Pezizce.     Dec.     Batheaston. 

Spores  at  length  5-7  septate,  '0025  in.  long.      Corda's  figure  represents  the 
early  stage  of  growth ;  at  length  it  acquires  seyeral  septa, 


4:80 


TOEULACEI. 


1430.        Bactridium  atro vixens,    .ff.    "  Black-green  Bactridium." 

Flocci  forked,  pellucid ;    spores  lanceolate,  1-2  septate,  dark- 
green. — Eng.  Fl.  y.p.  350. 

On  stumps.     Winter.     Apethorpe. 

Forming  a  thin,  dark,  black-green,  minutely  granulated  stratum;  flocci 
white,  so  slender  and  transparent  as  to  be  seen  only  with  some  diflaculty  - 
spores  lanceolate,  with  one  or  more,  frequently  two,  septa.— J/.  J.B.  ' 


Gen.  153. 


KELZCOSPORIUIH.  Nees. 


Parasitical ;  spores  fili- 
form, articulated,  spirally 
involute. — Berk.  Outl.pp. 
326.  Er)g.  i^/.  V.  ^p.  335. 
{Fig.  189.) 


Fig.  189. 


1431.  Helicosporium  vegetum.    Nees.    "  Oak  Helicosporium." 

Flocci  black ;  distant,  subulate,  spores  pale  greenish,  spiral, 
septate,  pellucid. — Nees.  f.  69.  Berh.  Ann.  N.H,  no.  229.  KL 
exs,  no.  1433.   Corda.  Sturm.  1. 16. 

On  decayed  oak  branches,  &c.     Rockingham  Forest. 

{Fig.  189.) 

1432.  Helicospojrium  pulvinatuzn.    Fr.     *  Pulvinate  Helicos- 

porium." 

Threads  cfespitoso-pulyinate,  veiy  slender,  branched,  septate 
at  their  apices;  spores  yellow  green. — Fr.  S.M.iii.p.  354.  Eng, 
FL  V.  p.  335.  Helicotrichum  pulvinatum.  Nees.f.  15. 

var.  p.  efFusum.  Effused,  very  thin,  spores  whitish. — 
Berk.  Eng.  Fl.  Y.p.  335. 

On  old  chips,  &c. 

Forming  a  very  thin  black  stratum,  following  the  inequalities  of  the  wood; 
flocci  branched;  branches  patent,  articulated  ;  articulations  about  as  long  as 
broad;  apices  pointed,  pellucid,  terminated  by  the  minute  closely  involute, 
extremely  fugacious  spores,  which  consist  of  about  three  volutions,  and  as 
many  articulations,  volutions  at  first  so  close  that  the  spores  appear  globose, 
and  their  true  nature  might  easily  be  overlooked.— i/.  /.  B. 


TOEULACEI. 


481 


Gen.  154.  BISFORA,   Corda. 

Flocci  tomiparous,  moniliform,  com- 
posed of  didymous  spores. — BerJc.  Outl. 
p.  326.  {Fig.  190.) 

1433.  Bispoza  monilioides.     Cd. 

"  Beaded  Bispora." 

Flocci  aggregate ;  spores  oval,  obtuse, 
barrel- shaped. — Corda,  Icon.  i.  /.  143. 
Fres.  t.  Q,f.  46-54.    Torula  antennata. 
Pers.M.E.i.p.21.  Berk.  exs.  no.  215. 
^&- 190.  Eng.  Fl.Y.p.  359.    llomlia  antennata. 

Grev.  t.  255.  FcJd.  exs.  no.  74.   Cooke  exs.  no.  346. 

On  old  stumps.     Common.  [Mid.  Carolina.] 

Forming  intense  black  velvety  patches  on  tlie  cut  surface  of  stumps,  chips, 
&c.  (Fij.  190.) 


Gen.  155. 


SEPTONEWA,   Corda. 


Flocci  tomiparous,  moniliform,  com- 
posed of  multiseptate  spores. — Berl\ 
Outl. p.  327.  {Fig.  191.) 


Fig.  191. 

1434.  Septonema  spilomeum.  Berk.    "  Point-like  Septonema."' 

Sori  small,  punctiform;  threads  branched;  articulations  oblong- 
elliptic,  rather  rough,  triseptate. — Berk.  Hook.  Journ.  1845,  iv.^. 
310, 1. 12  J.  5.  B.  ^'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  466. 

On  old  fence  rails.     Guernsey.  [U.  Carolina,  Ohio.] 

Forming  little  scattered  sori  about  the  size  of  a  poppy  seed ;  threads 
branched,  articulations  oblongo-elliptic,  triseptate,  one  or  more  of  the  septa 
occasionally  containing  an  oil  globule,  border  of  articulations  pellucid,  rough 
with  little  scabrous  prominences.  Very  distinct  in  the  punctiform  habit, 
and  in  the  nature  of  the  articulations. — M.  J.  B.  {Fig.  191.) 

1435.  Septonema  irregulare.  B.&Br.  "  Irregular  Septonema." 

Effused,  thin  black,  irregular;  spores  oblong. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann. 
N.H.  no.  94.2,  t.  Id,  f.  13. 

On  liying  apple  twigs.     Apethorpe. 

X  5 


482 


TORULACEI. 


Forming  a  very  thin,  cloud -like,  black  stratum;  very  irregular,  sometimes 
exhibiting  continuous  threads  under  the  microscope,  sometimes  distinct, 
spores  "OOOZ-'OUOl  in.  long. 


1436.  Septonema  elongatispora. 

Septonema." 


Preuss.      "  Long-spored 


Tufts  effused,  whitish  ;  flocci  erect,  branched  ;  spores  sub- 
cylindrical,  apiculate,  variable  in  length,  1-2  septate,  pellucid, 
colourless. — Sturm,  vi.p.  72,  t.  36.    B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  1059. 

On  nettle  stems.     Oct.     Batheaston. 

1437.  Septonema  concentricum.    B.  Jj  Br.    ''Concentric 

Septonema." 

Sessile,  superficial,  scattered  or  confluent,  orbicular,  at  first 
entirely  white,  then  the  centre  or  disc  ochraceous ;  flocci  con- 
catenate, radiating  from  the  pulvinate,  compact,  fibrous,  pallid 
stroma;  spores  straight,  continuous,  white,  of  two  kinds. — 
Rahh.F.E.no.in. 

On  pine  and  larch  chips.     Dec. 

Tufts  •01--035  in.  broad.    Spores   '0007  X  'OOOIS  in.   mixed  with   others 
•001  X  -0003  in.-^.  dL- Br. 


Gen.  156. 


SFOROCHISIYCA,   B.  &  Br. 

Flocci  erect,  simple ;  outer  membrane 
tough,  inarticulate ;  endochrome  at  length 
emergent,  breaking  up  into  quadriseji- 
tate  spores. — Berk.  Outl.  p.  327.  Ann. 
N.H.no.4.^7.  (Fig. 1^2.) 

The  affinities  of  this  genus  are  clearly  with 
Torvia,  the  circumstance  of  the  endosporous 
mode  of  fructification  being  apparent  rather 
than  real.  The  outer  membrane  is  very  tougli, 
and  does  not  break  up  into  separate  portio}is 
with  the  spore.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  Se^jtonema  en- 
closed in  an  additional  membrane — M.  J.  B. 


1438. 

B.  <t  Br. 


Spoxochisma    mixabile. 

"  Curious  Sporochisma." 


Fig.  192. 


Effiised,  black,  velvety ;  flocci  erect, 
simple ;  endochrome  breaking  up  into 
cylindrical,  quadri-articulate  spores. — 
G'arJ.  CArorz.  1847,  i^.  540.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  467.  Berk.  Mr.  f.  74:a.  Fres.  t.  6,  /. 
26-28. 


TOEULACEI.  483 


On  beecli. 


Forming  a  black  velvety  stratum;  flocci  erect, 'simple,  tapering  towards 
the  base  :  external  membrane  tougb,  inarticulate  ;  endocbrome  breaking  up 
into  cylindrical  quadri-articulate  spores,  at  length  escaping  from  the  rup- 
tured thread,  each  joint  having  frequently  a  single  nucleus. — B.  d:  Br. 

(Fig.  192.) 

Gen.  157.  SFORIDESiyilUIVZ,   Link. 

Spores  mostly  irregular,  pluricellu- 
lar,  springing  immediately  from  the 
obscure  mycelium,  rarely  borne  upon  a 
distinct  peduncle,  more  rarely  unisep- 
tate. — Berk.  Outl.p.  327. 

(Fig.1^2,.) 
Fig.  193. 

14:39.        Sporidesxnium.  polymorphum.     Corda.    "  Many-shaped 

Sporidesmium." 

Tufts  black,  effused,  powdery,  opaque ;  spores  pedicellate, 
oblong,  [black-brown,  opaque,  cellular ;  peduncle  filiform,  sep- 
tate, or  irregularly  cellulose,  brown. — Corda.  Icon.  i.  /.  119.  B. 
Sf  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  452. 

On  decaying  oak.     Feb.     Wraxall. 

Eemarkable  for  its  closely  septate  peduncle.  (Fig.  193.) 

1440.  Sporidesmium  alteznaxiae.       Cooke.      "  Paper 

Sporidesmium." 

Tufts  irregular,  dendritic,  bright  dark  brown ;  hyphasma 
creeping,  profuse,  filiform,  hyaline,  branched,  sparsely  septate ; 
spores  irregular,  ovate,  sub-pyriform,  or  cylindrical,  one  or  more 
septate,  with  transverse  divisions,  brown. — Sporidesmium  pobj- 
morjihuni  var.  chartarum.   Cooke  exs.  no.  329. 

On  varnished  wall  paper.     Jan. — May. 

This  can  scarcely  be  a  form  of  S.  'polymorphxira  from  the  nature  of  the 
peduncles  ;  the  hyphasma  is  too  much  developed  for  a  good  Sporidesmium.  1 
am  disposed  to  regard  it  as  a  condition  of  Alterno.ria  cho/rtarura.  Preuss. 
(Sturm,  vi.  t.  49.)  Mr  Broome  and  myself  have  seen  distinct  indications  of 
a  moniliform  arrangement  of  spores,  under  an  inch  objective,  but  the  at- 
tachment seems  so  slight  that  we  could  not  verify  this  with  higher  powers. 
Never  having  seen  specimen  or  descrijjtion  of  Sporidesmium  ckarfarumf 
B.  &  C.  (from  Mid.  Carolina.  U.S.),  I  cannot  be  certain  that  this  is  distinct. 

—M.  a  C. 


484  TORTJLACEl, 

1441.  Sporidesmium  antiquum.      Cor  da.      "  Compact 

Sporidesmium." 

Tnfts  black,  tomentose,  very  broad,  irregularly  expanded; 
spores  congested,  joined,  in  fascicles,  erect,  polymorphous,  cellu- 
lose ;  bypbasma  rooting,  brancbed,  filamentous,  cellulose, 
brownisb. — Cor  da.  iii./.  11.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  453. 

var.  p.   compactum.      B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  N.  H.  no.  453. 
On  hard  wood.     Wraxall. 

More  compact  than  the  typical  form  as  figured  by  Corda,  and  composed  of 

smaller  cells. 

1442.  Sporidesmium  pyriforme.     Corda.    "Pear-shaped 

Sporidesmium." 

Effused,  black  ;  spores  obovate,  at  first  septate,  then  cellulose, 
brown,  semi-pellucid,  2-4  celled ;  peduncle  hyaline,  colourless, 
short  or  elongated,  and  filiform,  flaccid. —  Corda.  i.f.  116.  B.  ^ 
Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  454. 

On  decayed  boards.     July.     Shropshire. 
It  forms  a  thick  crust-like  stratum. 

1443.  Sporidesmium  melanopum.     B.^Br.    "Black-patch 

Sporidesmium." 

Spores  subgloljose,  supported  by  a  cellular  base,  forming  a 
stratum  with  the  crowded  tufts. — Ann.  N.H.  no.  455.  Spiloma 
melanopum,  Ach.  Jleth.  t.  i.f.  3.  Eng.  Bot.  ('2nd  ed.),  t.  2358. 

On  bark  of  apple  trees.     Common.  [Up.  Carolina.] 

Forming  broad  black  patches,  made  np  of  many  smaller  spots,  spores  sub- 
globose,  very  opaque,  apparently  simple,  but  really  composed  of  numerous 
cells,  supported  by  a  cellular  base,  which  varies  much  in  length  and  breadth. 

1444.  Sporidesm.ium  scutellare.     B.cfBr.     "Scutellate 

Sporidesmium." 

Sori  scutelbTform  ;  spores  broadly  obovate,  cellular ;  supported 
by  a  short  cellular  base. — B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  456. 

On  larch  bark. 

Sori  scattered,  minute,  scuteIli''orm  ;  spores  obovate,  evidently  cellular, 
springincr  from  a  cellular  stnma,  and  supported  by  a  few  variously  arranged 
cells,  which  are  sometimes  reduced  to  merely  one. — B.d:Br. 

1443.  Sporidesmium  lepraria.     B.SfBr.     "Black 

Sporidesmium." 

Spots  effused,  very  black;  spores  irregular,  without  any  dis- 
tinct base.— 5er/j.  HooJ:.  Journ.  1853,/).  43.  t.  3,f.  9.    Berk.  Intr. 


TOEULACEI.  485 

/.  ISa.  Ann.  I^.H.  no.  750.  Lepraria  nigra,  Eng.  Bot.  (2nd  e^?.), 
t.  2409.  Coniothecium  effusum,  Corda.  i.f.  21.  B.  ^-  Br.  Ann.  uSF.R. 
no.iod. 

On  exposed  planks  and  rails.     Common.     [Carolina,  U.S.] 

Forming  broad  black  persistent  patcbes,  sometimes  it  occurs  in  distinct 
black  specks,  which  wear  the  appearance  of  little  oblong  perithecia.  The 
spores  are  extremely  irregular,  of  no  definite  shape,  and  without  any  distinct 
base. 


1446.  Sporidesmium  uniseptatum.     B.Sj'Br.    ''Two-celled 

Sporidesmium." 

Spores  oboyate,  uniseptate,  shortly  pedicellate,  casspitose ; 
lower  articulation  shorter. — B.  ^v  Br.  Ann.  N.H.no.  815,^.9, 
/.2. 

On  Clematis  vitalha.     Jan.     Batheaston. 

Forming  minute  dark  specks,  consisting  of  obovate,  uniseptate,  shortly 
pedicellate  spores,  ('0005  in.)  '0127  m.m.  long,  the  lower  articulation  of  which 
is  much  the  shorter  and  narrower.  As  seen  by  transmitted  light  they  have 
a  slight  vinous  tinge. — B.d'Br. 

1447.  Sporidesmium  opacum.     Corda.     *'  Opaque  Spori- 

desmium." 

Somewhat  effused,  irregular,  very  black,  opaque ;  spores  very 
shortly  pedicellate,  polymorphous,  oblong,  cuneate,  ovate,  or  ellip- 
tical, 2-4  celled,  at  first  brown  pellucid,  then  black,  opaque  ; 
peduncle  colourless. — Corda.  i.  /.  115.    B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no. 

1145,  L  3,/.  6. 

On  stumps  of  "Wych  elm.     Mar.     St.  Catherine's. 

When  young  forming  small  round  cinereous  tufts,  sparingly  scattered  over 
the  wood. — B.diBr* 

1448.  Sporidesm.ium  lobatum.     B.S^Br.     "Lobed  Spori- 

desmium." 

Stem  articulated,  hyaline  below,  divided  above  in  subquater- 
nate.  subglobose  articulations. — B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  iV.^.  (1866),  no. 

1146,  ^.3,/.  7. 

On  fir  sticks.     April.     Lucknam. 

Forming  minute  black,  pulvinate  tufts.  At  first  simple  and  strongly 
swollen  above.  The  upper  articulation  then  divides,  and  ultimately  gives 
off  the  sporeSj  which  are  ('0006  in.)  "Olo  m.m.  long.  The  whole  plant  is  "001 
in.  high. 


486  TORULACEl. 

1449.  Sporidesmium  abruptum.     B.  ^^  Br.     "  Abrupt 

Sporidesmium." 

Pulvinate,  very  shortly  stipitate,  confluent  with  the  spores, 
which  are  oblong,  septate,  with  unequal  articulations. — B.  ^  Br. 
Ann.  N.H.  no.  1042, 1. 14,/.  8. 

On  dead  wood.     March. 

ForminE^  little  pulvinate  tufts,  externally  resembling  a  villous  Sphceria. 
Spores  oblongo-clavate,  confluent  with  the  stem,  septate,  the  lower  articula- 
tion and  the  uppermost  short,  the  second  from  the  top  very  long.  Spores 
(•0025  X  '0006  in.)  '06  X  "015  m.m. 

Sporidesmium  fungorum.  Berh.  See  Sphceria  epochnum, 
B.  ^  Br. 

Gen.  158.  CONIOTHECIUM,  Corda. 

At  length  naked  ;  spores  multicellular,  irregular,  conglutinate. 
—Berh.Outl.p.  327. 
Neither  of  the  British  species  are  autonomous. 

CoxioTHECiuM  AMEXTACEARUM,  Corda.  a  couditiou  of  VaUa 
salicina,  Fr. 

CoxioTHECiuM  BETULixuM,  Corda.  a  condition  of  Diatrype 
lanciformis,  Fr. 

Gen.  159.  DICTYOSPORIUM,  Corda. 

Spores  linguaeform,  erect,  plane,  cellu- 
lar ;  cells  sub-concentric. — Berk.  Outl.  p. 
328.  {Fig.  194.; 

Fig.  194. 

1450.  Dictyosporium  elegans.     Corda.    *' Elegant  Dictyos- 

porium." 

Tufts  black,  effused ;  spores  tongue-shaped,  acute  above,  or 
rounded,  rarely  contracted  in  the  middle,  base  then  attenuated 
or  cordate  ;  cells  diaphanous,  yellowish,  walls  becoming  thick- 
ened, brownish  or  black. — Corda.n.f.2d.  B.  ^  Br.  Ann.  N.H. 
no.  4:58.  Fay.f.2DD.   Corda.Anl.t.B.f.4:,no.7-d. 

On  barked  oak  trees.     Feb.     Somerset.     [Low.  Carolina.] 

(Fig.  194.; 


TORTJLACEI. 


487 


Gen.  X60. 


Fig.  195. 


TETRAPLOA,     B.&  Br. 

Spores  mostly  quadri-articulate  gro^^Eg 
together  in  fours,  and  each  crowned  with  a 
jointed  bristle. — Berk.  Outl.p.  328.  Ann.N.H. 
no.4:D7.  {Fig.  196.) 

This  genns  is  represented  by  one  species,  whicli  is 
80  rare  that  no  opportunity  has  occurred  of  watching 
its  growth.  It  appears  to  be  a  kind  of  compound 
Sj)oridesniium . 


1451.        Tetraploa  aristata.     B.  d;  Br.     "  Bearded  Tetraploa." 

Stratum  olive-black;  spores  oblong,  quadriarticulate,  connate 
in  fours,  each  with  au  articulate  seta  of  the  same  length. — B. 
^  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  457, 1. 11,  f.  6. 

On  grass.     King's  Cliffe. 

Forming  a  thin  olive-black  stratum,  consisting  of  generally  quadriarticu- 
late oblong  spores,  growing  four  together  and  perfectly  connate,  each 
crowned  with  an  articulate  seta  as  long  as  itself.  The  quadriaristate  bodies 
may  either  be  regarded  as  made  up  of  four  spores  or  as  spores  formed  of 
four  parallel  rows  of  cells,  each  row  being  terminated  by  a  bristle. — B.  d;Br. 

(Fig.  195  J 


Gen.  161.  ECHINOBOTRYUm,  Corda. 

Parasitical ;  spores  unicellular,  stel- 
lato-fasciculate,  ovate,  acuminate,  rough. 
—Berk.  Outl.p.  328.         {Fig.  196.) 

1452.     Echinobotzyum  atruxn.     Corda. 
''  Black  Echinobotryum." 

Tufts  at  first  stellate,  then  irregularly 
expanded,  black  ;  spores  fawn  coloured, 
ovate- oblong,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
warted,  warts  produced  above  into  long 
obtuse  points,  which  are  brown. —  Corda. 
^    ^gg  Sturm,  i.  t.  26.  Bon.  1. 10,/.  2l8d.  Corda. 

^'      '  Icon.  iii./.  6.  B.  4'  Br.  Ann.  N.H.  no.  124, 

457*.   Corda.  Anl.t.B.f.S,no.6,6,7.  Kl.exs.no.  168b. 

Parasitic  on  black  moulds  {Pachnocybe.)      Milton.     King's 
Cliffe. 

The  spores  have  the  appearance  of  fascicles  of  minute  perithecia. 

{Fig.  196.) 


V^ 


1 


^ 


488 


TORULACEI. 


Gen.  162.  GYMNOSPORIUM,  Corda. 

Mycelium  very  obscure  ; 
spores  unicellular,  arising  ap- 
parently from  the  matrix. — 
Berk.0utl.p.^2d>. 

(Fig.  197.) 

Fig.  197. 

1453.  Gymnospoxium  arundinis.     Corda,     "Eeed  Gym- 

nosporium." 

Immersed,  then  naked,  livid ;  spores  oval,  lens-shaped,  or 
rounded,  margin  depressed,  diaphanous,  livid-yellow ;  nucleus 
obovate  or  globose,  brownish. — Corda.  Icon.  ii./.  1.  Berh.  Outl. 
p.  328.  Corda.  Anl.  t.  B.f.  3.  no.  8-11.  Curr.  Micr.  Journ.  1857, 
t.  8,/.  35-37. 

On  reeds.  ^^  (Fig,  197.) 

Gen.  163.  ACALYPTOSPORA,  Desm. 

Spores  epiphytal,  superficially  in- 
nate, didymous,  stipitate,  not  col- 
lected in  heaps  ;  stroma  none. — 
Desm.  Ann.  S.N.  1848,  x.;?.  342. 

{Fig.  198.) 

By  some  authors  this  genus  is  included 
in  Piiccinicei  ;  it  is  clearly  intermediate  be- 
tween Torulacei  and  Puccinicei,  but,  as  it 
appears  to  us,  more  closely  allied  to  the 
former  than  the  latter . 

Fig.  198. 

1454.  Acalyptospora  nexvisequia.     Desm.    "  Nerve 

Acalyptospora." 

On  both  surfaces  ;  spores  seriate  along  the  nerves,  red-brown, 
shining,  ovoid  or  oblong,  obtuse,  scarcely  constricted ;  epispore 
smooth  ;  stem  thick,  rather  long,  fragile,  colourless, — Desm. 
Ann.  Sc.Nat.  1848,  x.^.  343.  Ann.  N.H,  no.  1043. 

On  living  and  dead  leaves  of  elm. 

Looking  like  a  short,  obtuse  Puccmia  with  one  to  three  septa,  and  a  short 
pellucid  stem.  In  every  stage  of  growth  free.  It  closely  resembles  a  gland. 
-B.ii'Br.  ./  (i^i^.  198.) 


71   275S        B    59 


New   York   Botanical  Garden  Library 

QK607.C5997C.2V.1 


book  of  British  fungi,