A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon : containing descriptions of all the species of flowering plants indigenous to the island, and notes on their history, distribution, and uses : with an atlas of plates illustrating some of the more interesting species

a
BM RA

Chee &
> wa! Pa)
REC Pea

rae
FAR
4 *

AA

Ad fie

rey ida she
ay Ae, ‘
Penis

i
ty

Lien
"eid Bay
b FI A
Mil ds Aol he
PAN eC Ay he
Ws ¢ ia a ie
Pha J s Me

: iG ’ f Mia ne ty Bag sons Ps a
i dy f thy PANN ( ih 4 Ns iia
ee Cn a
af i ’ } P Raat gD, Maiits we AWA Vf, tay,
, 7 Ws fica, 4 ‘ LAY

vies

!
van
fs eth see :
Keay ans
AA.

a UT Vg be
VAT ie (dase e
EDD pine
“poy
A, WN

ee Lepore S

cor

a. >~.

St ~

i)

A HAND-BOOK

TO THE

eeeorA OF CEYLON.

A HAND-BOOK

TO THE

mEORA OF CEYLON

CONTAINING
DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
INDIGENOUS TO THE ISLAND,

AND

NOTES ON THEIR HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION, AND USES.

BY

mewn Y FTRIMEN, M.B. (Lonp.), F.R.S.,

DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, CEYLON.

Wiitb an Ztlas of Plates
ILLUSTRATING SOME OF THE MORE INTERESTING SPECIES.

Part: i,
CONNARACEA—RUBIACE#.
LIBRARY
WITH PLATES XXVI-L. NEW YORK
AND INDEX TO PARTS I, AND U1. BOTANICAL
GARDEN
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CEYLON,

LONDON :
DULAU & CO., 37 Sono Square, W.
1594.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY STRANGEWAYS AND SONS,
Tower Street, Cambridge Circus, W.C.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARDEN

HANDBOOK TO THE FLORA OF CEYLON.

T has been found desirable to make an alteration in the
mode of publication of the text of this book. It was my
ntention that the whole should have formed Two Volumes
(each of about 800 pages), the first Two Parts together making
up Vol. I.; but, owing to the thick paper used, I find that such
volumes would be too bulky and heavy for convenient use.

Part II. ts therefore now tssued as a volume of itself, with
Sresh pagination; and the subsequent Parts will be treated in
the same way.

An Index to the contents of Parts I, and II. is, however,

now published with the present one.
is yall

MAY 1 - 1905

CORRECTIONS IN PART I.

Page 7, line 14, for ‘ 7hwazteriz’ read Thwattesit.

12,
21,
31,

33;

15, for ‘ Kurawita’ vead Kuruwita.

17 from bottom, for ‘Ua’ read Unona.

11 from bottom, for ‘ Karanita’ vead Karawita.

7, for ‘ Sagenea’ read Sagerea.
2 from bottom, for ‘tomatose’ vead tomentose.
8, for ‘ supra-tomatose’ vead rufous-tomentose.
10, for ‘2720’ read 2, 720.
13 from bottom, for ‘ 2000’ vead 4000.
5, for ‘ neelghenense’ read neelgherrense.
3, for ‘ Pedum’ zead Peduru.
9, for ‘ Mont.’ vead Mant.
II, after ‘ Kokatiya’ add, S.
19 from bottom, for ‘and’ vead And.
6, after ‘imbricate’ add Cotyledons equal.
7, after ‘imbricate’ add Cotyledons very unequal.
8, after ‘reflexed’ add Cotyledons unequal.

10, omit ‘near Pelmadulla (F. Lewis).’

16, 17, for ‘paler beneath and pellucid-punctate with trans-
mitted light,’ ead veinlets minutely reticulate, pellu-
cid, with free dilated ends.

20 from bottom, before ‘montane’ zzser¢ upper.

omit line 9.

17, for ‘ Macdowell’ read Macdowall.

11, for ‘are’ read one.

8, for ‘leaf’ read vein.
5 from bottom, for ‘ Devadaram’ read Tévataram.

11, for ‘aukenda’ read ankenda.

3, after ‘seeded’ add red.
12, for ‘ Hanasgiriya’ read Hunasgiriya.
3, omit * Balu-nakuta, S.’

16, for ‘McDowall’ read Macdowall.

21 from bottom, for ‘ERIOCLADA’ vead INDICA.

12 from bottom, for ‘ Rata’ read Ratu.

1, for ‘ Schmedelia’ read Schmidelia.
3 from bottom, for ‘ Kadaganuwa’ read Kadaganawa.

XLITI.—CONNARACEE.

SHRUBS or trees often scandent; |. imparipinnate (in E/i-
panthus apparently simple), without stip.; fl. regular, bisexual,
small; cal. deeply 5-fid., segm. equal, imbricate or valvate ;
pet. 5, equal; stam. 5 or 10 (5 shorter), inserted at base of
or on cal.-tube, fil. slightly connate at base; carp. 5 or
solitary, with 2 collateral ovules in each; fruit a solitary
{rarely 2) follicle (rarely 2-valved) ; seed large, solitary, erect,
surrounded by a large or small aril, without endosperm.

L. pinnate ; stam. Io.

Stam. all perfect . : : 5 : ; . I. ROUREA.
Five stam. with abortive anth. F : : . 2. CONNARUS.
L. 1-foliolate ; stam. 5 : : : ; : . 3. ELLIPANTHUS,

Of our four species, Comnarus monocarpus occurs chiefly in the dry
region; the others only in the wet, C. Championiit and Ellipanthus (both
endemic) extending into the lower montane zone.

I ROUREA, Audi.

A small, semi-scandent tree, 1. imparipinnate, fl. small,
regular; cal. very deeply 5-fid, segm. strongly imbricate,
much enlarged in fruit; pet. 5 ; stam. 10, inserted on base of
cal., fil. connate at base, the 5 opp. the pet. shorter than the
other 5; carp. 5, distinct, styles slender; fruit a solitary
curved follicle (rarely two) ; seed solitary, erect, with a small
basal aril, no endosperm.—Sp 50; 12 in FZ. B. /nd.

R. santaloides, |. & A. Prod. 144 (1834). Mirindi-wel, S.

Herm. Mus. to. Fl. Zeyl. n. 408 (Santaloides). dgiceras minus, Gaertn.
Fruct., i. 216. Connarus santalotdes, Vahl Symb. ili. 87. Moon Cat. 49.
Thw. Enum. 80. C. P. 749.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 47. Gaertn. Fruct. i. t. 46 (fruit only). Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 11 (fl. only).

A scrambling shrub or small tree, branchlets slender, bark
shining, purplish, buds pubescent; 1.-rachis 3-6 in., slender,
curved, glabrous, Ifits. 5 or 7 (2 or 3 pairs and a terminal one),
very shortly stalked, 2-3 in., oval or lanceolate, rounded at
base, caudate- acuminate, glabrous, shining above, with pro-
minent reticulate venation beneath ; fl. small, } in., on slender,
jointed ped., arranged in lax, slender, erect or ascending,
glabrous, racernose panicles, several of which arise from leaf-
axil, bracts minute, hairy ; cal.-segm. orbicular, very obtuse,

PART I. I

2 Connaracee. [ Connarus.

glabrous, very strongly imbricate ; pet. much exceeding cal.,
oval-oblong, spreading ; stam. erect, styles spreading ; follicle
# in. or a little more, cylindrical, falcately curved, tapering to
point, apiculate, striate, surrounded at base by a cup formed
of the much enlarged and imbricated sep., dehiscing ventrally;
seed about 3 in., oblong-ovoid, cotyledons plane-convex.

Moist low country, up to 3000 ft.; rather common. FI. April.

Also on the Malabar coast of India.

Very strong ropes for tying buffaloes and strengthening fences are made
by twisting the stems.

2. CONNARUS, J.

Shrubs often scandent; 1. imparipinnate ; fl. small, regular,
in pyramidal panicles; cal. deeply 5-fid., segm. imbricate, not
enlarged in fruit; pet. 5, distinct, erect ; stam. 10, inserted in
cal.-tube, fil. slightly connate at base, the 5 opp. sep. long,
with perfect anth., the 5 opp. pet. short with abortive anth.;
carp. 5 (4 often abortive), stigma small; fruit a follicle or
2-valved ; seed solitary, with a large aril, cotyledons plane-
convex, no endosperm.—Sp. 55; 13 in /2. B. Jud.

Fruit distinctly stalked, not striate. : . I. C. MONOCARPUS.
Fruit not stalked, striate. : ; : . 2. C. CHAMPIONII.

1. G. monocarpus, Z. Sf. Pl. 675 (1753). Radaliya, S.
Chettupulukodi, 7.

Herm. Mus. 39, 54. Burm. Thes. 199. FI. Zeyl. n. 248. Omphalo-
bium indicum, Gaertn. Fruct. 1.217. C.astaticus, Willd. and C. pinnatus,
Lam., Moon Cat. 49. Thw. Enum. 80. C. P. 328.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 50.. Burm: Thes. t. 890: ‘Gaertn. Fruct. into yess
(fruit).

A much-branched bush, young parts rusty-puberulous,
l.-rachis 14-24 in., pubescent, thickened at base, Iflts. 3 or 5
(1 or 2 pairs and a terminal one), on short, swollen, channelled
stalks, 2-3 in., ovate-oblong or ovate-oval, rounded at base,
obtuse, often twisted at apex, glabrous and somewhat shining
above; fl. about } in., articulated on short, stout, densely
pubescent ped., crowded in erect, irregularly pyramidal,
pubescent, paniculate cymes terminating the branchlets ; cal.-
segm. oblong-lanceolate, subacute, densely pubescent; pet.
much longer than cal., oblong-linear, more or less pubescent
outside ; follicle 24 in., fusiform, slightly falcate, apiculate,
tapering below into a narrow stalk, surrounded at base by the
persistent but not enlarged cal. and pet., smooth, brilliant
scarlet, splitting into 2 valves which are smooth within ; seed

Ellipanthus.] Connaracee. >

I in., ovoid, slightly compressed, shining, purplish-black, sur-
rounded at base by a large, pulpy, yellow aril.

Dry region, very common; moist low country in sandy places rather
rare, e.g., Colombo, Ratnapura, Deyandera, S. Prov. Fl. Sept.—Feb.

Also in Southern India.

Sir J. Hooker, in FI. B. Ind., refers Burmann’s figure to Rourea santa-
loides; but, though not very good, it clearly represents C. monocarpus.
The ripe follicles with the seed are very pretty objects, hanging in clusters
from the ends of the branches.

2. ©. Championii,* 7iw. Enum. 80(1858). Wel-radaliya, S.
C. P. 2399.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 52.

A climbing shrub, bark brown, rough with lenticels, young
parts rufous-puberulous ; l-rachis 4-6 in., much tumid and
wrinkled at base, cylindrical, smooth, Iflts. 5-7, on short
swollen stalks, 3-4 in., oval, rounded at base, caudate-acumi-
nate, glabrous, shining above, veins prominent beneath; fl.
under } in., on very short rufous-hairy ped., arranged on
spicate branches of spreading or pyramidal, rufous, axillary
and terminal panicles, bracts small, rufous-woolly ; cal.-segm.
linear-lanceolate, acute, covered with red pubescence; follicle
1} in., obovoid, very blunt and truncate, tapering to narrow
base (but not stalked), which is surrounded by persistent cal.,
nearly straight along upper edge, very gibbous along ventral
suture, glabrous, striate with oblique ridges, opening by ventral
suture only, scarlet; seed ?in., broadly ovoid, nearly black,
aril as in the last.

Moist region, up to 4000 ft.; rather rare. Hantane; Hunasgiria.

Fl. Jan.; cream-coloured.
Endemic.

3. ELLIPANTHUS, //i./.

Tree, |. reduced to a single Iflt.; fl. small, regular, often
unisexual, racemose; cal. deeply 5-fid., segm. valvate, per-
sistent but not enlarged in fruit; pet. 5, spreading ; stam. 5,
alternating with 5 small, tooth-like fil. without anth., slightly
connate at base; carp. solitary, style short, stigma dilated ;
fruit a follicle ; seed solitary, with a large pulpy aril, cotyle-
dons plane-convex, no endosperm.—Sp. 5; all in 7. B. Jnd.

BZ. Thwaitesii, ///. f in Fi. B. Ind. ii. 55 (1876).

Connarus unifoliatus, Thw. Enum. 80. £. unifoliatus, Hk. f., 1d. 410.
C. P. 2443.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 55. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 170 (2. unifoliatus).

* Commemorates Capt. (afterwards Col.) J. G. Champion, 95th Regt.,
who was stationed in Ceylon 1838-47, and paid much attention to its
Botany. Killed at Inkermann, in 1854.

4 Leguminose.

A small tree, 20-30 ft., twigs smooth, purple, young parts
puberulous; 1. simple (unifoliolate), articulated on the short
petiole, 2-3 in., oval, rounded at base, acuminate or slightly
caudate, glabrous, rather coriaceous, reticulate venation pro-
minent beneath ; fl. 2in., articulated on short pubescent ped.,
3-5 together, arranged in small axillary racemes less than
1in. long; cal.-segm. linear-lanceolate, acute, rigid, pubescent;
pet. longer than cal., obtuse, finely and densely pubescent ;
fil. hairy at base ; ov. pubescent ; follicle 1-14 in., much falcate
when young, afterwards nearly straight, tapering at base into
a narrow stalk surrounded by persistent cal., sharply pointed,
densely covered with yellow tomentum ; seed ? in., blue black,
shining, covered half way up by the dark pink pulpy aril,
embryo green.

Moist region, 2000-4000 ft., rather rare. Deltota; Hunasgiriya;
Gangala; Hantane; Maskeliya. Fl. Jan.; pale green.
Endemic.

E. unifoliatus is the older name; but, as it is applicable to the whole
genus, Sir J. Hooker has rightly given a new one.

XLIV.—LEGUMINOSE-.

HERBS, shrubs, or trees, often twining or climbing ; l. alt.,
usually compound, with stip., lflts. always entire, often with
stipels ; fl. bisexual (rarely unisexual), irregular or regular ;
cal. more or less deeply cut, sometimes into separate sep.,
segm. usually 5, often unequal, or forming two lips; pet. 5,
unequal or equal, or fewer, rarely connate or 0; stam. usually
10, often fewer, sometimes indefinite, inserted on base of cal.-
tube, often declinate, fil. frequently diadelphous (9 and 1) or
monadelphous, rarely distinct; ov. superior, with I—many
ovules on ventral suture, style simple, often declinate with the
stam.; fruit a dry pod (legume), dehiscent along both
sutures, or breaking up into joints, or indehiscent, rarely
fleshy and drupe-like ; seeds without (rarely with) endosperm,
cotyledons large, generally plane-convex.

It is necessary to divide this vast Order into 3 Sub-orders,
as follows :—

I. Papilionacez. Pet. unequal, papilionaceous, imbricate, the
upper one (standard) outside in bud, the two lateral (wings) and two

Leguminose. 5

lower (keel) in pairs; stam. 10 or less, usually di- or monadelphous.
(Genera I-47.)

Il. Ceesalpiniese. Pet. slightly unequal, imbricate, the upper one
inside in bud; stam. 10 or less, distinct. (Genera 48-57.)

III. Mimosez. Pet. equal, more or less connate into a corolla,
segm. valvate in bud; stam. often indef., distinct or connate. (Genera
58-64.)

The largest Order in the Ceylon Flora, containing 207 species, or
nearly 7 per cent. of the whole. The majority of these, however, are of
wide distribution, and we have only 12 endemic species, Perzcopszs being
the only endemic genus.

I. Papilionacee.

Stam. mon- or diadelphous.
Pod not jointed.
Pod dehiscent (exc. 6 and 7).
Stems not twining.
Stam. monadelphous (Gem/éste@).

Keel-pet. nearly free, anth. uniform . I, ROTHIA.
Keel-pet. connate, anth. dimorphous.
Pod flat ; 3 : : . 2. HEYLANDIA.
Pod inflated ; . 3. CROTALARIA
Stam. diade]phous (exc. 6 and 7).
L. 3-foliolate ( 77zfoliec) . 4. PAROCHETUS.

L. pinnate (rarely simple), (Galegec).
Anth. apiculate ; hairs attached by
centre . 4 ‘ : : . 5. INDIGOFERA,
Anth. blunt ; hairs basifixed.
Pod indehiscent.

Pod 1-seeded. Herb 6. PSORALEA.
Pod several-seeded. Shrub — 7. MUNDULEA.
Pod dehiscent.
Without partitions between seeds 8. TEPHROSIA.
With partitions ; 9. SESBANIA,
Stems usually twining (exceptions in 27, 30,
37, 39; 40, 41)
L. pinnate ( Viciez) ; . 21. ABRUS.
L. 3- (rarely 1-) foliolate (Phaseolea).
Lfits. not gland-dotted.
Style not bearded.
Nodes of infl. not tumid.
Pet. about equal.
Stam. diadelphous.
Cal. segm. distinct , . 22, SHUTERIA.
Cal. truncate ; ‘ . 23. DUMASIA.
Stam. monadelphous.
Anth. all fertile ; . 24, GLYCINE,
Alt. anth. abortive e . 25. TERAMNUS.
Pet. very unequal.
Keel longest. : ; . 26, MUCUNA,
Standard longest (trees) . 27. ERYTHRINA,

Keel and standard longer than
wings ‘ P . . 28. STRONGYLODON.

6 ; Leguminose.

Nodes more or less tumid.
Stam. diadelphous.
Herbaceous twiner
Erect tree
Stam. monadelphous.
Seeds 5-I0 ‘ c :
Seeds 2 or 3 2 : 3
Style bearded.
Stigma oblique.
Keel curved into a ring :
Keel not or much less curved
Stigma terminal.
Pet. unequal .
Pet. equal
Lfits. gland-dotted.
Seeds 3-6.
Pod with deep lines between seeds
Pod with faint lines 2 :
Seeds I or 2.
Funicle attached to end of hilum
Funicle attached to centre of hilum.
L. pinnately 3-foliolate
L. palmately 3-foliolate :
Pod indehiscent (Dalbergiea).
Lfits. alternate
Fl. white or pink
Fl. yellow
Lfits. opposite.
Erect tree ; fruit not winged
Climbers ; fruit winged on back
Pod breaking up into 1-seeded joints
(Hedysaree), (exc. 16 and 17).
Lfits. without stipels.
Stam. monadelphous.
Joints muricated
Joints wrinkled ‘
Stam. in two bundles of 5.
Pod inclosed in cal.
Pod exserted.
Cal. 2-lipped
Cal. with 5 segm.
Lfits. with stipels.
Pod 1-jointed and 1-seeded
Pod not distinctly jointed, several-
seeded.
Pod turgid
Pod flat
Pod distinctly jointed.
Joints folded on one another
Joints in a line, turgid
Joints in a line, flat
Stam. free (Sophoree).
Pod moniliform
Pod oblong

. GALACTIA.
. BUTEA.

. CANAVALIA.
. DIOCLEA.

. PHASEOLUS.
. VIGNA.

. CLITORIA.

. DOLICHOS.
. ATYLOSIA.

. DUNBARIA.
. ERIOSEMA.
. RHYNCHOSIA.
. FLEMINGIA.
. DALBERGIA.

. PTEROCARPUS.

. PONGAMIA.
. DERRIS.

. ZORNIA.
. STYLOSANTHES.

. SMITHIA.

. AXSSCHYNOMENE.
. ORMOCARPON.

. ELEIOTIS.

. PYCNOSPORA.

. PSEUDARTHRIA.
. URARIA.

. ALYSSICARPUS.

. DESMODIUM.

. SOPHORA.
. PERICOBPSIS.

Heylandia.] Leguminose. 7

Of the 159 species in this Sub-order, as many as 131 are found
only in the low country, where many are common weeds. Confined
entirely to the dry region are 51 species, including Io species of /#digo-
fera, and all those of the following genera :—Mundulea, E-schynomene,
Ormocarpon, Strongylodon, Butea, Pterocarpus, Rothia, Heylandia,
Psoralea, Stylosanthes, and Clitorta. Limited to the moist low country
are 25 species, including the genera Déoclea, Vigna, Pseudarthria and
Pericopsis. The remaining 28 species are found in the montane region,
but only 17 are confined to it, including the genera Parochetus, Shuteria,
and Dumasia, 4 species of Crotalaria, 6 of Desmodium, and 2 of Atylosia.

The great majority are widely distributed plants, and only 9 are
endemic to Ceylon.

1. ROTHIA, /ers.

Annual herb, |. 3-foliolate; fl. very small, in axillary
racemes ; cal.-segm. as long as tube, 2 upper broader ; pet.
nearly equal, clawed; keel-pet. very slightly coherent ;
stam. monadelphous, anth. uniform ; style short, stigma capi-
tate; pod linear, many-seeded, not septate within.—Sp. 2;
tin FZ. B. Ind.

R. trifoliata, Pers. Syn. P/. ii. 302 and 659 (1807).

Herm. Mus. 33. FI. Zeyl.n. 285. Z7¢gonella indica, L. Sp. Pl. 778.
Moon Cat. 55. Thw. Enum. 82. C. P. 1452.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 63. Wight, Ic. t. 199.

A much-branched, spreading, annual herb, stem slightly
‘woody at base, branches slender, hairy (as is whole plant) ;
l. small, rachis about }in., slender, Iflts. about 4 in., sessile,
narrowly lanceolate, subacute, minutely mucronate, hairy on
both sides, stip. small, linear-oblong, acute, persistent ; fl. on
very short ped., solitary or 2-4 in very short axillary racemes ;
cal.-segm. lanceolate, acuminate, silky-hairy; pet. twice as long
as cal.; pod 1}-—1}in.; narrowly linear, nearly straight,
slender, silky-hairy, tipped with very slender style; seeds
numerous, closely packed.

Dry region ; common in sandy places. Fl. Feb. &c.; pale pink.
Throughout India, also in N. Australia.

Ulex europaeus, L. The English Furze or Gorse is a conspicuous
plant at Nuwara Eliya, where it is quite naturalised and seeds freely. It
does not, however, spread much. The date of its introduction 1s not
known to me.

2, HEYLANDIA, WC.
Annual herb, |. simple, without stip.; fl. small, solitary,
axillary ; cal. deeply cut, upper segm. slightly coherent ; wing-
pet. much shorter than standard, keel-pet. connate; stam.

8 Leguminose. [Crotalaria

monadelphous, anth. dimorphous, 5 large and 5 small; style
long, sharply bent at base; pod small, flat, 1-2-seeded.—
Monotypic.

H. latebrosa, DC. Mem. Leg. 201 (1825).

Thw. Enum. 81. C. P. 1275.

Fl]. B. Ind. ii. 65. DC. Le. t. 34 (A. hebecarpa).

An annual herb, with numerous prostrate spreading
branches 6-24 in. long, much branched, clothed with lone
spreading hair; 1. numerous, small, close, nearly sessile,,
simple, broadly ovate, cordate and often unequal at base,
apiculate, sparingly hairy on both sides, minutely punctate,,
stip. 0; fl. nearly sessile in the axils; cal.-segm. acute; pet.
much exserted ; pod very small, § in., surrounded at base by
persistent cal., ovate-oblong, compressed, tipped by long style,.
smooth or with a few long hairs, pale brown.

Dry region; common. Extending also into the intermediate region.
as Galagama, Nalande, Etampitiya, &c. Fl. Nov.-April; yellow.

Also throughout India.

There are specimens from Moon, 1819, in Mus. Brit., but it is not in—
cluded in his Cat., unless his Crotalaria huméfusa, Cat. 52, be this.

3. CROTALARIA, J.

Herbaceous or semi-shrubby ; |. simple or 3- (very rarely
5-) foliolate, with or without stip.; fl. in terminal or leaf-
opposed racemes ; cal.-tube campanulate, short, segm. nearly
equal, the upper 2 often more or less connate; wing-pet.
shorter than standard, keel-pet. equalling wings, completely
connate and prolonged into a sharp curved beak; stam.
monadelphous, anth. dimorphous; style long, abruptly curved.
upwards at base, stigma minute; pod sessile or stalked,
straight, turgid or inflated, usually many-seeded, rarely
I-seeded.—Sp. about 300; 77 in F/, B. Ind.
_Leaves simple.

Racemes solitary ; seeds numerous.
Stems prostrate or ascending, diffuse, herbaceous.

Stip. o.
Fl. 1-4 in raceme.
Pod globular 2 5 : 3 - | f.) CA BIFLORA:
Pod oblong . 5 5 5 : . 2. C. PROSTRATA.
Fl. 4-20 in raceme.
L. linear-spathulate . : . 9g. C. ALBIDA.
L. oval-oblong ; raceme capitate. . 10, C. NANA.
L. obovate-oblong ; raceme lax . . II, C, LINIFOLIA.

Crotalaria.) Leguminosae. 9

Stip. present.
Pod glabrous.

L. oval; stip. foliaceous 3. C. FERRUGINEA.
L. linear ; stip. small . 7. C. MYSORENSIS.
Pod hairy.
Stem nearly cylindrical 4. C. EVOLVULOIDES.
Stem strongly triquetrous 8. C. TRIQUETRA.
Stem erect, robust, often semi- shrubby.
Stip. large, decurrent . : 6. C. RUBIGINOSA.
Stip. small, not decurrent.
Fl. yellow.
Pod glabrous.
Plant very hairy . : : ig. CAEYCINA,
Plant nearly glabrous. : : 4. Cy RETUSA
Pod puberulous . : - : . 16. C. WALKERI.
Pod densely conte - - - . 5. C. MULTIFLORA.
Fl. purple = ; : : . 15. C. VERRUCOSA.
Stip. o.
Pod glabrous . : : : : veh TECTA,
Pod hairy A , . 17. C. JUNCEA.
Racemes panicled ; seed solitary - ; . 18. C. LUNULATA.
Leaves compound.
Pod small, subglobose, 1-2-seeded . : . 19. C. MEDICAGINEA.
Pod large, oblong, with many seeds.
Lfits. oval.
Pod with a short stalk
Pod silky, 10-12-seeded . : : . 20. C. CLAVATA.,
Pod glabrous, 20-30-seeded . . . 2. OC STRIATA,
Pod with a very long stalk. : : . 22. C. LABURNIFOLIA.
Lfits. linear-oblong ; - : : . 23. C. QUINQUEFOLIA.

1. ©. biflora, 2. Mant. Alt. 570 (1771).

C. nummudlaria Willd., Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. 81 and (C. g/odosa)
410. C.P. 3325, 3736.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 66.

Herbaceous, annual (?), with copious, trailing, very much-
branched, elongated, silky or hairy stems; |. small, }—} in,
nearly sessile, simple, ovate or roundish, mucronate; hairy
on both sides, without stip.; fl. solitary or 2 together at end
of slender hairy ped. twice as long as 1.; cal.-segm. long-
acuminate, hairy ; pet. scarcely longer than cal.; ; pod about
3 in., shortly stalked, nearly globular, pericarp soft, compres-
sible, set with scattered hairs ; seeds about 20, smooth, brown.

Dry oa rare. Jaffna, abundant; Trincomalie (Glenie). Gardner's
specimens (C. P. 3325) have no locality. Fl. Feb., March; yellow.

Also in Peninsular India and Java.

The true C. globosa, W. and A., has not been collected in Ceylon.

The Jaffna specimens are less slender than the Trincomalie ones, and
rather shaggy-woolly than silky.

2. C. prostrata, Koxl. Hort. Beng. 54 (1814).
Thw. Basan. 81. C. P. 1266.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 67.

IO Leguminose. [ Crotalaria.

Annual, with many slender, ascending, hairy branches, |.
sessile, $—-1 in., oblong, obtuse, usually unequal and subcordate
at base, hairy on both sides especially beneath, without stip. ;
fl. small, pedicellate, in racemes of 2-4, peduncle slender,
divaricate, hairy, very much exceeding |.; cal.-segm. very hairy;
pet. scarcely exceeding cal.; pod small, scarcely 4 in., oblong,
inflated, glabrous; seeds about 12, small, highly polished.

Dry region; rather rare; extending into intermediate region. Uma-
oya Etampitiya; Batticaloa; Ekiriyankumbura. FI. March, April ;

ellow.
: Also in India and Java.

3. C. ferruginea, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5398 (1828).

hw Enum or.. (Cb. 1265:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 68.

A tall herb with long ascending branches covered with short,
fulvous or pale yellow hair; 1. 14-24 in., distant, very shortly
stalked, oval or oblong or obovate-oval, acute at base, obtuse
and mucronate at apex, hairy on both surfaces, paler beneath,
stip. conspicuous, }in.or more, foliaceous, acuminate, spreading,
persistent; fl. rather small, on very silky ped., in lax, elongated,
very silky, erect, few-fld., leaf-opposed racemes, bracts very
acute, persistent; cal.-segm. all elongated, very acute, densely
silky ; pet. scarcely as long as cal.; pod about 1 in., oblong,
inflated, tapering to base but not stalked, tipped with short,
stiff, recurved style, smooth, veined, black ; seeds about 30.

Moist region, from 2000 to 4000 ft., rather rare. Near Kandy ; Ram-

boda ; Maturata ; Lunugala; Ella. Fl. all the year; pale yellow.
Also in E. Bengal, Burma, Java, and the Philippines.

4. S. evolvuloides, Wight in Wall. Cat. n. 5410 (1828).

Arn. Pug. 11. Thw. Enum. 81. C. P. 3593.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 68.

A much-branched straggling herb, semi-woody at base,
branches elongated, divaricate, slightly angular, hairy-
pubescent ; |. #-14 in., on very short, hairy petioles, varying
from rotundate to oval or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate,
rounded at base, glabrous above, shortly hairy beneath, stip.
small, linear ; fl. rather small, on short pubescent ped., laxly
arranged in elongated, curved, pubescent, few-fid., secund,
axillary racemes greatly exceeding 1., bracts small; cal.-segm.
acute, pubescent ; pet. rather longer than cal.; pod small,
scarcely 3 in., broadly ovoid, inflated, not stalked, tipped with
strong base of style, densely hairy, pale yellowish-brown ;
seeds about 12.

Dry region; rare. Uma-oya; Seven Korales district; Ekiriyan-
kumbura, Uva. FI. Jan.-April ; yellow.

Also in S. India.

Crotalaria. Leguminose. Il

5. ©. multifiora, Benth. zn Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 478 (1843).
C. bifaria, var. (?) multifiora, Arn. Pug. 11. Thw. Enum. 81. C. P.

1268.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 69.

A robust herb, not much branched, branches stout, cylin-
drical, curved, densely and softly hairy; 1. on very short hairy
petioles, numerous, rather closely placed, very variable in form
and size, 1—4in., rotundate or broadly or narrowly ovate or ovate-
lanceolate or linear, rounded at base, acute and apiculate at
apex, shortly hairy on both sides, pale and with prominent
reticulation beneath, stip. linear, small, divaricate or reflexed ;
fl. very large, 2 in., on stout nodding ped., 2-6 arranged in
racemes at end of long axillary (or apparently terminal)
peduncles, bracts small, reflexed ; cal. 1 in., segm. foliaceous,
lanceolate, acute, pubescent ; pet. much exserted ; pod I} in.,
oblong-ovoid, not stalked, cylindrical, tipped with long style,
densely clothed with fulvous or brown silky hair, pale green
blotched with purple ; seeds about 12.

Montane zone, up to 6000 ft., on the patanas; rather common.
Dolosbagie ; Elk Plains ; Hewahette; Bandarawella; Haputale. FI.
Sept., Oct.; sulphur-yellow with purple veins.

Endemic.

The most ornamental of our species, with very large showy flowers ;
but the name mu/tzflora is scarcely justified.

[C. bifaria, L.f. is given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 69, on the faith of
a specimen so labelled by Mr. Bentham in Hb. Kew, without collector’s
name. An error is probable, and the specimen really from S. India.]

6. ©. rubiginosa, Wi//d. Sp. P1. iii. 973 (1800).

C. Wightiana, Grah., Thw. Enum. 81. C. P. 2772.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 69. Wight, Ic. t. 885.

A robust herb, erect or suberect and spreading, usually
much branched, 1-2 ft. high, stem softly hairy; 1. very
variable, 1-2 in., very shortly stalked, broadly oval or oblong-
linear, very obtuse, apiculate, more or less densely silky or
velvety with golden or grey hair, lat. veins strongly marked
beneath; stip. large, decurrent on stem so as to form wings
with the upper part dilated falcate and spreading; fi.
moderate-sized, on curved, silky ped. 1—3 in., in long racemes,
peduncle leaf-opposed, spreading or ascending, stiff, silky,
bracts ovate, acute, bracteoles immediately beneath cal.
lanceolate ; cal.-segm. large, nearly } in., acuminate, densely
silky with golden or fulvous hair; pet. scarcely longer than
cal.; pod 14-1} in., shortly stalked, narrowly oblong-ovoid,
turgid, tipped with sharp hooked stiff base of the style,
glabrous, pale brown, often marked with white streaks ;
seeds 20-30.

12 Leguminose. [ Crotalaria.

Montane zone, up to 6000 ft. on the patanas ; rather common, especi-
ally in the Uva Province, where it also occurs at lower elevations, as at.
Bibile. Fl. Aug.; pale yellow.

Also on the Nilgiris.

Easily known by the stipular wings to the stem. Our form (C.
Wightiana, Grah.) is usually more robust than the type, but it occurs also.
on the S. Indian hills, and there are intermediate forms.

7. ©. mysorensis, Roth Nov. Pi. 338 (1821).
Thw. Enum. 82. C. P. 3594.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 70 (not given for Ceylon).

An erect herb, 2-3 ft., with numerous long ascending
branches, densely hairy, with long, spreading hair; |. 14-23 in.,
numerous, ascending, nearly sessile, linear or strap-shaped,
obtuse, strongly apiculate, covered, especially beneath, with
long, white, spreading hair, stip. acicular-linear, strongly api-
culate, 2in., spreading ; fl. moderate-sized, on 4 in. ped., in lax,
erect, terminal racemes; cal.-segm. 2 in., very acuminate,
upper ones lanceolate, lower linear, all clothed with long,
spreading hair; pet. slightly longer than cal.; pod 1} in.,
oblong-ovoid, narrowed at base but scarcely stalked, truncate
at apex, which is tipped by the very strongly deflexed base
of style, glabrous, pale brown; seeds about 30.

Dry region; rare. Batticaloa; Nilgala; Uma-oya. FI]. Jan.—April;,
yellow.

Throughout Peninsular India.

A handsome plant, covered with long silvery hair, which becomes.
fulvous in drying. :

8. * GC. triquetra, Dalzell in Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 34 (1850).
Thw. Enum. 410. C. P. 3832.
Fl, B. Ind. ii. 71.

A spreading under-shrub, 1-2 ft. high, with numerous,
slender, ascending, strongly triquetrous, slightly hairy branches;
l. 14-2 in., very shortly stalked, oblong-oval, subcordate at
base, obtuse, glabrous, thin, stip. small, lanceolate; fl. small,
in very long lax racemes, bracts minute ; cal.-segm. linear-
lanceolate, acute, silky ; pet. slightly longer than cal.; pod not
seen (‘? in., oblong, cylindrical, shortly silky, with 15-20
seeds’),

Probably an introduction. The only specimens I have seen are the
very poor C.P. ones. Thw. (l.c.) gives the locality ‘Peradenia, rare.”

Fl. pale yellow.
Also in Southern India.

9g. ©. albida, Heyne in Roth. Nov. Pl. 333 (1821).
Thw. Enum. 82. C. P. 269.
BESBs lndaintene

Crotalaria.) Leguminose. 13

A perennial herb or small under-shrub, with a short,
woody base and very numerous ascending, slender branches
6 in.—2 ft. long, covered with short, adpressed hair; 1. numerous,
_ rather close, small, 4}—-}in., shortly stalked, linear-spathulate,
acute at base, obtuse, truncate or retuse at apex, apiculate,
glabrous, and minutely punctate above, silky with adpressed
hair beneath, without stip.; fl. small, numerous, on slender
ped., secund, in lax, terminal racemes, bracts minute, often
on the cal.-tube; cal.-segm. gin., the upper linear-oblong,
very obtuse, the lower linear-lanceolate, acuminate, all very
finely silky; pet. about as long as cal.; pod 4 in., oblong-ovoid,
not stalked, tipped with hooked base of style, glabrous, brown;
seeds 6-12.

Lower montane zone; rather rare. Abundant in the Uva hill-
ceansy on the patanas; Maturata; Galagama. FI. Jan., Feb.; bright

eulow.
Throughout India and Malaya, also in Philippines and China.

10. ©. nana, Burm. Fl. Ind. 156 (1768).
Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. 82. C. P. 3301.
Fl. B. Ind. 11.71. Burm. FI. Ind. t. 48, f. 2.

A small herb, 6-12 in. high, with numerous short branches
from the base of the stem, slender, prostrate, clothed with long
hair; 1. }-2in., very shortly stalked, oval-oblong, obtuse at
both ends, apiculate, hairy on both sides, minutely pitted
above, without stip.; fl. small, on short, hairy ped., 2-6 in a
crowded capitate terminal raceme; cal.-segm. shaggy with
long hair, upper connate, lower linear, acuminate; pod }in,,
scarcely exceeding cal., globular-ovoid, tipped with short,
reflexed style, glabrous, rough, black; seeds 10-12.

a B,umbellata. C. umbellata, Wight, Thw. Enum. 82. C.P.
1276.

More robust, often 2 ft., much less branched below, but
with several stout, stiff, ascending branches above which ex-
ceed the central one; fl. more numerous, 4-8 in a terminal
umbel ; seeds 6-8, rather larger.

Low country; rare. Katukanda, Negombo (Thwaites). Moon gives
Colombo. Var. £, lower montane zone, 3000-4000 ft.; rather rare.
Ramboda; Maturata; Passara. FI. July, Sept., Feb.; yellow.

Also in Peninsular India.

11. ©. linifolia, Z./ Supp. P/. 322 (1781).
Thw. Enum. 82. CF. 1277.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 72.

Herbaceous, stems numerous, prostrate, spreading, slender,
densely silky with adpressed hair; |. small, under }in., on

14 Leguminose. [ Crotalaria.

short silky petioles, obovate-oblong, obtuse at both ends,
glabrous above, silky beneath, without stip.; fl. small, numerous,
on curved silky ped., arranged in erect, lax, terminal racemes;
upper cal.-segm. connate, lower lanceolate, acuminate, all
densely hairy ; pod not seen (‘small, as long as cal., ovoid-
oblong, glabrous, black, 8—10- seeded ’).

Moist low country; very rare. The only specimens are the C. P.
ones collected near Galle by Gardner, and they are imperfect and barely
sufficient for identification.

Has a wide distribution throughout the E. Tropics.

12. C. tecta, Heyne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 334 (1821).
Trimen in Journ. Bot. xxvii. 162.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 72 (not given for Ceylon).

Semi-shrubby at the base, stems 1 ft. or more, numerous,,
ascending, stiff and wiry, much branched, clothed with ad-
pressed white hairs; |. small, $-2in., shortly stalked, oval-
oblong, obtuse at both ends, glabrous above, adpressed-hairy
beneath, without stip.; fl. small, on curved hairy ped., in short,
lax, terminal, racemes; cal. very hairy, upper segm. connate,
lower much acuminate; pod rather over }in., scarcely ex-
ceeding cal., oblong, cylindrical, not stalked, truncate at end,
tipped with short style, glabrous, grey; seeds about 10.

Dry country ; very rare. Collected in dry paddy-fields at Mineri,.
N.C. Prov., 1885. Fl. Sept.; pale yellow.

Also in S. India.
Perhaps scarcely more than a suffruticose state of C. /znzfolia.

13. C. calycina, Schrank, Pl. Rar. Monac. t. 12 (1819).

C. anthylloides, W. and A. Prod. 131 (non Lam.). Thw. Enum. 82.
CARA526.

HMB Indi 72:

An erect herb, 1-2 ft. or more, stem stout, with long,
ascending branches, densely clothed with fulvous hair ; 1. very
variable, nearly sessile, 14-6in., from oblong-oval to linear,
subacute at base, obtuse or acute and mucronate at apex,
conduplicate when young, glabrous or sparingly hairy above,
more or less hairy or shaggy beneath, stip. subulate, hairy; fi.
large, on stout, nodding ped. (which become deflexed in fruit),
4-8 in lax terminal racemes, bracts in pairs immediately beneath
each fl., large, lanceolate, acuminate, shaggy with long hair ;
cal. large, 2-1in., densely clothed outside with long, shaggy,
fulvous hair, glabrous within, upper segm. shortly connate at
base, obovate-oblong, obtuse, lower ones lanceolate-linear,
acuminate ; pet. equalling cal.; pod rather shorter than cal.,
not stalked, glabrous, dark brown; seeds about 20, pale brown,
polished.

Crotalaria] Leguminose. 15

Montane region, descending a little into upper zone of low country, on
patanas; common. Also at Nilgala, Uva. Fl. Jan., May—Sept.; yellow.

Throughout the E. Tropics and in Trop. Africa.

On the mountains at high elevations this is a dwarf plant, 6 in. high,
with smaller fl. and small linear leaves.

14. C. retusa, /. Sf. P/.715 (1753). Maha-andana-hirlya, S.
Kilukiluppai, 7.

Burm. Thes. 80. Herm. Mus. 20. FI. Zeyl.n. 276. Moon Cat. 52.
Thw. Enum. 81. C. P. 1274.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 75. Bot. Reg. t. 253. Herm. Hort. Lugd.-Bat. t. 201.

A stout, semi-shrubby herb, with a few long, erect, striate
branches, glabrous, or with adpressed pubescence; 1. 14-2} in.,
on very short, pubescent ped., narrowly obovate-oblong,
tapering to base, very obtuse, often emarginate, glabrous
above, finely pubescent beneath, stip. very small, subulate ;
fl, numerous, large, 1}in. on stout, curved, pubescent ped.,
closely placed in erect, terminal racemes 6-12 in. long, bracts
shorter than ped.; cal. large, nearly glabrous, tube wide, cam-
panulate, segm. triangular, acute; pet. much exserted; pod
14-1} in., oblong, cylindrical, tapering at base to a short,
broad stalk, tipped with slightly curved style-base, glabrous,
purplish-green ; seeds 15-20.

Var. 6, maritima, 7rim. Syst. Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 22.

Stems prostrate, densely pubescent; fl. more crowded in
shorter racemes.

Low country, especially the dry region, up to 2000 ft., in waste places.
Var. 8 on the seashore. FI. Aug.-October; bright sulphur-yellow.

Found throughout the Tropics. The Fl. B. Ind. states this to be

‘often cultivated,’ and it has a tough fibre, but it is not grown in Ceylon
on that account.

Hermann (Mus. 20) gives the name “Jacberija’ (Yakbériya) for this,
and explains its meaning (see C. /aburnifolia).

15. ©. verrucosa, /. Sf. ?/.715 (1753). Nil-andana-hiriya,
S. Kilukiluppai, 7:

Burm. Thes. 81. Herm. Mus. 65. Fl. Zeyl. n. 277. Moon Cat. 52.
Thw. Enum. 81. C. P. 1273.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 77. Burm. Thes. t. 34. Herm. Hort. Lugd.-Bat. t. 199.
Wight, Ic. t. 200.

A large, much-branched herb, 2—3 ft., branches divaricate,
irregularly quadrangular, finely puberulous, buds silky; 1.
1}-1j in., shortly petiolate, spreading, ovate-rhomboid or
ovate-deltoid, tapering to base, obtuse, undulate, with minute
scattered pubescence on both surfaces, paler beneath, with
prominent veins, somewhat bullate above, stip. rather large,
foliaceous, 4-ovate or }-cordate, acute, persistent; fl. rather
large, j-1in., on short, curved, downy ped., about 6-12in.,

16 Leg UMUNOSE. [ Crotalaria.

erect, leaf-opposed (apparently terminal), slightly curved
racemes, bracts linear, acuminate, shorter than ped.; cal.
minutely pubescent, segm. nenrouly triangular, acuminate,
the upper rather shorter; pod 14-14in., oblong, cylindrical,
rather dilated at end, not stalked, hairy, nearly black; seeds
about 12, yellow.

Low country; a common weed in open ground. FI. all the year ;
bluish-purple, rarely white.

Found throughout the Tropics.

The white-flowered form is occasionally found; but I have never
seen it with yellow fl. as given in ‘ Fl. B. Ind.’

16. ©. Walkeri, Arn. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 328 (1836.)
[PLATE XXVI.]

C. semperfiorens, Vent., Thw. Enum. 81. C. P. 12.

Fl]. B. Ind. ii. 78 (C. semperflorens var.).

A large perennial herb, often semi-shrubby at base, stems
elongated, sarmentose, semi-scandent, with many spreading
branches, slightly striate, glabrous or nearly so, young parts
very finely pubescent; 1. 2-4 in.,on short, stout petioles, oval or
lanceolate-oval, obtuse or acute, finely mucronate, glabrous
above, usually puberulous beneath, thin, stip. variable, usually
very small, either subulate, linear, or linear-lanceolate and
very acute, or often falcate or semi-lunar, rarely foliaceous
and larger; fl. rather large, 1 in., on rather slender, short ped.,
4—I0 in erect, loose, terminal racemes, with two minute bracts
immediately beneath cal.; cal. very finely puberulous, tube
broadly campanulate, segm. narrowly triangular, acuminate ;
pod 2-24 in., tapering to distinct stalk at base, oblong, much
inflated, especially at truncate apex, tipped by short, broad
style-base, very finely puberulous ; seeds 7—I0.

Montane zone, especially at the higher elevations; rather common,
scrambling over bushes like a climber. FI. all the year, especially in
December and January; bright golden yellow.

Endemic (?).

A very ornamental plant, well worth cultivation. Differs from C.
semperfiorens, Vent. (C. Wallichiana, W. and A.) of the Nilgiri Hills in its
muchless pubescent leaves and inflorescence, andits much smaller stipules,
but possibly only a variety. C. Wallichiana is figured in Wight, Ic. t. 982.
A dwarf variety occurs on the Horton Plains patanas, with short
prostrate stems, small leaves, 3-3 in. long, and smaller pods less inflated
at the ends.

17. ©. juncea, L. Sp. P/. 714 (1753). Hama, S.
Burm. Thes. $2. Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. 81. C. P. 1264.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 79. Roxb. Cor. t. 193. Duthie Field-crops, t. 21.

An erect annual, 2-4 ft. or more, branches numerous, stiff,

Crotalaria.| Zs Cgune 220SE. 1 F/

ascending, slender, striate, finely pubescent; 1. 14-4 in., dis-
tant, on very short, thickened petioles, lanceolate-oblong or
linear, acute at base, subacute, apiculate at apex, pubescent on
both sides with adpressed silvery hair, stip. none or very
minute; fl. large, 1f in. or more, on stout, curved, pubescent
ped., 3-8 in erect, lax, terminal racemes, bracts very small,
2 on cal.-tube; cal. nearly 1 in., shining with wants hair, segm.
very deep, lanceolate- linear, acuminate ; pod 1-1} in., oblong,
cylindrical, not stalked, tipped with ‘short, nearly straight
style-base, brown, densely covered with short, stiff white hair;
seeds about 12.

Low country, principally in the dry region ; rather common. Doubt-
fully native in the moist region. Fl. Aug.—Oct.; brilliant yellow.

Found in E. Tropics generally, but much cultivated.

This affords the San or Sun Hemp of commerce ; it is grown in small
quantity by the Sinhalese as about Chilaw, and by the Tamils at Jaffna.
It is generally known here simply as ‘ Hemp.’

C. fulva, Roxb., is given for Ceylon in FI. B. Ind. on the faith of
specimens in Kew Herbarium (Gardner, 199, and G. Thomson from
Kandy). They may have been cultivated in the Gardens.

18. ©. lunulata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. n. 5378 (1828).

faweeoum. 81. C.P. 1270.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 80. Wight, Ic. t. 480.

An erect, stiff herb, 1-2 ft. high, branched in upper part,
stem and branches copiously clothed with soft, spreading
white hairs (becoming brown when dried); 1. closely placed,
4-24 in.,on very short petioles, oval or obovate-oblong, sub-
acute at base, obtuse or rarely acute, apiculate, densely clothed
with silky hair on both surfaces, stip. small, broadly oval,
obtuse, amplexicaul, recurved, glabrous and shining (often
absent); fl. rather small, # in., numerous, on rather long,
slender, hairy ped., arranged in drooping racemes which
terminate divaricate or spreading branches, the whole forming
a large paniculate inflor., bracts numerous, conspicuous,
rotundate-cordate, acute, reflexed, hairy beneath, glabrous and
shining (like the stip.) above, many on the lower part of the
racemes often empty; cal. very deeply cut, segm. about 4 in.,
equal, linear, very acuminate, hairy outside, glabrous within ;
pet. slightly longer; pod small, not exceeding cal., Zin., not
stalked, oval-oblong, compressed, tipped by very long style-
base, sparingly clothed with long hair; seed solitary.

Dry region; rare. Jaffna; Batticaloa; a few miles N. of Kurune-
gala; Kantalai. FI. Aug.—Oct., Feb.-March; yellow.

Also in S. India.

Very unlike our other species.

PART I. Cc

18 Leguminose. [ Crotalaria.

19. ©. medicaginea, Lam. Encyc. Meth. ii. 201 (1786).

Thw. Enum. 82. C. P. 1278.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 81.

A small perennial herb, with a thick woody branched
rootstock, and numerous, slender, filiform, spreading, much-
branched, prostrate stems with scanty adpressed hair ; 1. very
small, 3-foliolate, petiole ~,-% in., stip. minute, acicular, lflts. a
little longer than petiole, stalked, obovate or oval, acute,
obtuse or truncate, with adpressed hair on both surfaces, paler
beneath ; fl. very small, on slender ped., 2-5 in leaf-opposed
racemes; cal. with adpressed hairs, segm. oblong-linear, pet.
about twice as long as cal.; pod pisiform, 4 in., pointed or
beaked; clothed with adpressed hair; seed solitary.

Var. 6, luxurians, Baker in Fl. B. Ind., l.c.

Stem erect, 1-2 ft., more strongly pubescent; lfits. larger,
4-3 in., glabrous above; fl. 6-10 in raceme; pods in a crowded
head.

Dry region, chiefly on seacoast ; rather rare (?). Near Jaffna, abun-
dant; Trincomalie; Batticaloa. Var. 8, Intermediate region. Haragama;
Ella Pass, Uva. Fl. Sept.—Feb., dull yellow.

General in the E. Tropics ; also in China and Afghanistan.

C. Willdenowtana, DC. was found once or twice about Colombo by
W. Ferguson, but is not native (Thw. Enum. 441). It is C. P. 3853.
The specimens are poor.

C. incana, L. A weed in the Botanic Garden, Peradeniya and neigh-
bourhood for many years past, but no doubt introduced ; Thw. Enum. 82.
C. P. 1269. It seems to be the plant recorded in Moon Cat. 52 as
C. capensis, and is becoming common in waste places. A general Tropical
weed, probably originally American.

20. ©. striata, DC. Prod. ii. 131 (1825).
Thw. Enum. 82, 410. C. P. 3810.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 84. Bot. Mag. t. 2300.

A tall herb, 2-3 ft., stem stout, somewhat striate, with few
long spreading branches, very minutely puberulous, young
parts silky; 1. large, 3-foliolate, petiole 2—3 in., stout, spreading,
stiff, swollen at base, finely pubescent, stip. o, lflts. longer
than petiole, on short, swollen, pubescent stalks, broadly oval,
acute at base, obtuse, often emarginate, apiculate, thin,
glabrous above, minutely puberulous and glaucous beneath ;
fl. numerous, moderately large, on short deflexed ped., densely
arranged in narrow erect spicate racemes 6-12 in. long and
terminating stem and branches, bracts filiform, early deciduous;
cal. minutely pilose, truncate at base, segm. equal, lanceolate-
linear; pet. much exserted, standard narrow, strongly bent
upwards ; pod 14 in. or rather more, much deflexed, linear-

Crotalaria.] Leguminose. 19

oblong, cylindrical, with a very short stalk, very minutely
puberulous (apparently glabrous), pale cinnamon-brown ;
seeds about 25, dark brown.

Var. 6, acutifolia, Zyrim. Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 22. Thw. Enum. 4lIo.
C. P. 3608.

Lfits. large, acute; pods longer, with more numerous seeds.

Low country in waste ground common ; var. 6, about Kandy.
Fl. Dec.—Feb., dull yellow, veined with purple.
Found throughout the Tropics.

21. G. clavata, W. and A. PRUE 194 (1834).

FI. B. Ind. ti. 83.

A small semi-shrubby herb, branches with fine adpressed
hair, |. 3-foliolate, lflts. small, 4—?in., obovate-oblong, tapering
to base, often retuse at apex, glabrous above, slightly downy
beneath, rather thick, pale green, stip. minute, setaceous, re-
curved, pubescent ; fl. rather small, on short pubescent ped.,
in short erect racemes, bracts deflexed, setaceous; cal.
pubescent, segm. narrowly triangular, acute ; pod about 1 in.
deflexed and somewhat curved, slightly widened at end, finely
silky ; 10—12-seeded.

Dry country ; very rare, only found as yet near the Giant’s Tank,

Mannar. FI. Feb.; yellow, not striped with red.
Also in S. India.

22. ©. laburnifolia, Z. Sp. P/. 715 (1753). Wak-bériya, S.
e = Thes. 82. FI. Zeyl. n. 278. Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. 82.

Fl. oa Ind. ii. 84. Burm, Thes. t. 35. Herm. Hort. Lugd.-Bat. t. 197.

A large, erect, semi-shrubby herb, 2-4 ft., stem and branches
glabrous, young parts sparingly pubescent; 1. 3-foliolate,
petiole 14-24 in., glabrous, stip. 0, lflts. on very short stalks,
14-1 in., oval, acute at base, obtuse and mucronate at apex,
thin, glabrous on both sides; fl. large, on ped. $—# in. long,
distantly arranged in very lax terminal racemes, bracts small,
acicular; cal. glabrous, segm. narrowly triangular, acuminate ;
pet. much exserted, the keel very long-beaked ; pod about 2
in. on a stiff slender stalk 1 in. long, oblong, cylindrical, tipped
with hooked style-base, glabrous, brown; seeds 20 or more.

Low country, very common. FI. Feb.-May; bright pale yellow, keel
tinged with purple.

Also in S. India, Malaya, and the Philippines.

Readily known by the very long stalk to the pod. The name “ Yak-

bériya” is applied to all the species with the pods much inflated, and
which therefore “ pop” when squeezed.

23. ©. quinquefolia, /. SP. P/. 716 (1753).
Thw. Enum. 82. C. P. 1272.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 84. Rheede, Hort. Malab. ix. t. 28.

20 Legumtnose. [Parochetus.

An erect annual herb, 1-2 ft., stem slightly branched,
striate, glabrous; |. 3- or 5-foliolate, petiole short, }-? in.,
glabrous, stip. very small, linear, lflts. 1-14 in., subsessile,
oblong-linear, tapering to base, obtuse, thin, glabrous, paler
beneath; fl. moderate-sized, on erect slender ped., arranged in
very lax terminal racemes of variable length, bracts small,
lanceolate, acuminate; cal. glabrous, segm. narrowly triangular,
acute; pet. not exserted, about twice as long as cal.; pod
about 2 in., spreading, oblong-ovoid, tapering into short stalk,
tipped with nearly straight style-base, glabrous, veiny; seeds
25 or more.

Dry region, in swampy places; rare. Bintenne; Chilaw; near
Jaffna. FI. Jan., Feb.; yellow.
Also in India, Burma, Malaya, and the Philippines.

4. PAROCHETUS, Ham.

A prostrate, creeping herb, |. 3-foliolate, fl. solitary,
axillary; cal.-tube campanulate, upper segm. connate; wing
and keel-pet. equal, shorter than standard; stam. diadelphous,
anth. uniform; ov. sessile, style glabrous, stigma terminal;
pod straight, many-seeded.—Monotypic.

P. communis, Hamilt. in Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 240 (1825).

Thw. Enum. 82. C. P. 24009.

Fl. B. Ind. 1. 86. Wight, Ic. t. 483 (P. major).

A creeping herb, stem very long, prostrate, slender and
thread-like, slightly branched, glabrous or nearly so, rooting
at the distant nodes; 1. distant, 3-foliolate, petiole erect, 3-6
in. long, very slender, with scattered hairs, stip. ovate, acute,
membranous, lflts. $-? in., very shortly stalked, broadly
obovate, cuneate at base, truncate and emarginate at apex,
thin, glabrous above, slightly hairy and paler beneath; fi.
solitary, 2 in., peduncle axillary, about as long as petiole or
longer, erect, slender, jointed about #in. below the fl.; cal. }in.,
slightly hairy, segm. acuminate; pod ? in., oblong-linear,
tapering to apex, compressed, glabrous, dark brown; seeds
about 15, dull, dark brown.

Montane zone, from 4000 ft. upwards, common in wet places. .

Fl. Jan., Feb. ; violet-blue.

Also in mountains of India, Burma, Java, and E. Trop. Africa.

A very pretty little plant; the leaves are remarkably like those of an
Oxalis. The only native Trefoil.

Trifolium repens, L., the common white or Dutch clover, is completely
established on roadsides about Nuwara Eliya; and Z. smznus, Sm., the
small yellow Trefoil, and 7. arvense, L., the Haresfoot Trefoil, also occur.
No doubt all were introduced with grass seed.

Indigofera.] Leguminose. 21

Meililotus parvifiora, Desf., is also met with as a casual, probably
introduced with grain. There is a drawing of this in Hermann’s collec-
tion, and it is n. 552 of the Fl. Zeylanica and the 77zfolium Melilotus
indica of Linnzus.

5. INDIGOFERA, J.

Herbs or shrubs, usually more or less clothed with
adpressed silvery hairs attached by their centre; |. usually
imparipinnate, rarely simple; fl. small, in axillary racemes,
Bemeertaccly “Solitary; call small, tube more or less
campanulate, segm. nearly equal or the lower ones rather
longer, usually narrow; pet. nearly equal, keel-pet. connate,
produced at base into a spur, not beaked; stam. diadelphous,
anth. uniform; style short, stigma capitate; pod usually linear
(rarely oblong, falcate or globose) cylindrical, usually many-
seeded.—Sp. about 300; 40 in FV. B. Ind.

Leaves simple; pod 1-seeded.

Pod sickle-shaped, spiny 1. I. ECHINATA.
Pod globose, not spiny E 2, I. LINIFOLIA.
L. imparipinnate; pod 2- or more- seeded.
Pod 2-seeded_ . : : : é : . 3. I. ENNEAPHYLLA.
Pod 6-12-seeded.
Fl. solitary P ; : é : . 4. I. ASPALATHOIDES,
Fl. in greaty racemes.
Lfts. 3-1
Fl. few (2-8) in raceme.
Pftss.5, |: ; : : 5 : . 5. I. GLABRA.
Lfts. 7 or more.
Branches nearly glabrous : . 6. I. TENUIFOLIA.
Branches covered with glandular hairs 7. I. VISCOSA.
BATS: 3°: 5 iene: I, TRIFOLIATA.
F]. numerous in raceme.
Lfits. 3 or 5.
Pod not torulose.
Pod straight, quadrangular . Oo) LeTRIDA:
Pod curved, cylindrical B 10. I. SUBULATA.
Pod torulose. 5 = - II. I, PAUCIFOLIA.
Lits, 7,.9, OL PI.
Pod not torulose, 8-12-seeded.
Pod very hairy . ; : 12. I. HIRSUTA.
Pod nearly glabrous. , 13. I. TINCTORIA.
Pod torulose 3-6-seeded . : 14. I. CONSTRICTA.
Lfits. 15-23.
Lfits. 15-19, thick; pod 1} in.. : 15. I. WIGHTII.
Lflts. 19-23, thin; pod2in. . ; 16. I. GALEGOIDES.

I. I. echinata, W7//d. Sp. Pi. iii. 1222 (1800).

Herm. Mus. 31. Burm. Thes. 113. FI. Zeyl. n. 288. Hedysarum
nummularifolium, L. Sp. Pl. 746. Acanthonotus echinatus, Benth.,
Thw. Enuin. 83. C.P. 1453.

Fl. B, Ind. ii. 92. Wight, Ic. t. 316.

22 Leguminosae. [Undigofera.

Annual, stems numerous, prostrate, spreading, 6-12 in.
long, slender, 2-edged, branched, nearly glabrous; 1. simple,
4-3 in., very shortly stalked, obovate-rotund, very obtuse, api-
culate, with a few small scattered white hairs on both sides,
stip. linear, filiform ; fl. very small, on very short ped., 3-8
together in axillary racemes slightly exceeding I|., bracts aci-
cular; cal.-segm. setaceous, bristly; pod + in., compressed,
semilunar, tipped with sharp style-base, the upper margin

_ slightly curved, the lower very much so, and set with several
rows of divaricate hooked spines, 1-seeded.
: ees region, in rocky and sandy places; common. Fl. Dec._March ;
Ink.
H Also in Peninsular India and in W. Trop. Africa.

Linnzus’ name is often erroneously referred to Alysstcarpus nummu-
larifolius, DC. (as in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 158, following other writers).

2. I. linifolia, Retz. Obs. Bot. iv. 29 (1786).

Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 3514.

BIBS ind. i592. sWirhbelest.313:

Annual, stems very numerous, 1-2 ft. long, prostrate or
ascending, much branched, slender, 2- salpec, white with ad-
pressed silvery hair ; 1. numerous, simple, 4 4-3 in., linear, acute
at both ends, strongly mucronate, silvery with adpressed hair
on both surfaces, stip. setaceous ; fl. very small, on short ped.,
3-8 together in very numerous short axillary racemes; cal.
very deeply cut, segm. setaceous ; pod very small, size of a
mustard-seed, globular, apiculate, white and glistening with
adpressed hair, 1-seeded.

Dry country; rare. Kurundu-oya, on the banks of the Mahaweli

River; Kantalai. Fl. May, August; very pale pink.
Throughout the E. Tropics, also in Afghanistan and Abyssinia.

3. I. enneaphylia, L. Mani. ii. 571 (1771). Cheppunerinchi, 7.

Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 83. C.P. 2775.

Fl. B. Ind. 11.94. Wight, Ic. t. 403 (bad).

Annual or perennial, root-stock often woody; stems
numerous, trailing, prostrate but not rooting, much ee
sparingly strigose with white adpressed hair ; |. small, $—#in.,
imparipinnate, stip. rather large, lanceolate, acuminate, Iflts.
7-9 (rarely 11), nearly sessile, alternate, minute, narrowly
obovate, cuneate at base, retuse and apiculate at apex, stiff;
fl. very small, nearly sessile, 10-20 crowded in a short close
spicate head, peduncle short, bracts lanceolate, acuminate,
scarious ; cal. set with long stiff white hairs, segm. very long,
setaceous ; pod very small, } in., ovoid-oblong, with a sharp
apiculus, more or less clothed with white adpressed hair,
2-seeded with a partition between the seeds.

Indigofera. Leguminosae. 2
> fo

Dry districts and on the seashore; common. FI. all the year ; bright
red.

Throughout the E. Tropics and in Angola, W. Trop. Africa.

Found often in the hottest and most barren places, where it becomes
curiously compact and stunted.

4. I. aspalathoides, Vahl, ex DC. Prod. ii. 231 (1825). Chiv-
anarvempu, 7. Rat-kohomba, 5.

Herm. Mus. 34. Burm. Thes. 89. Fl. Zeyl. n. 271. Aspalathus in-
dicus, L. Sp. Pl. 712; Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 1455.

Fl, B. Ind. ii. 94. Wight, Ic. t. 332 (not good).

A low shrub, much branched, the branches divaricately
spreading, rigid, the young twigs snowy white with a felt of
copious short hair which is deciduous and shows the branches
glabrous, shining, and purple; |. minute, sessile, crowded on
the twigs, | but soon caducous, sessile, digitate, lflts. 1-5, usually
3, about +5 in. long, sessile, linear, oer involute, with a ny
large, white, adpressed hairs, rather fleshy ; fl. solitary, 4
on slender axillary ped. longer than 1.; cal.-segm. linear ; oe
about $in., narrowly linear, apiculate, straight, turgid, nearly
glabrous, pale brown; seeds about 8 with partitions between
them.

Dry region; rare. Jaffna, very abundant on sandy flats ; Batticaloa.
Fl. Nov.—Feb.; dark pink.

Also in the Carnatic plains of S. India.

Used for making brooms at Jaffna. It is also a favourite medicine
among the Tamils. The S. name given is that of the drug as sold in the
bazaars. Hermann (Mus. 34) gives it, and probably obtained his speci-
mens from that source, as it grows nowhere in the S. of the island.

Very different in habit from all our other species ; the Iflts. look like
simple leaves in fascicles.

5. Z. glabra, LZ. SZ. Pl. 751 (1753).

Herm. Mus. 34. Burm. ae 39. FI. Zeyl. n. 274. L. pentaphylla,
ce fuw. Enum. 411. C. P.

"FL B. Ind. ii. 95 U. Fa TN Wight, Ic. t. 385.

Annual, 1-3 ft., with numerous, very slender, ascending, gla-
brous branches; |. imparipinnate, rachis #-1 in., stip. setaceous,
persistent, Iflts. usually 5 (2 pair and end one), very shortly
stalked, 4—? in., obovate-oval, obtuse, thin, slightly hairy ; fl.
small, on slender ped., 2-4 in. short axillary racemes; cal.-
segm. long, setaceous; pod about # in., narrowly linear,
straight, cylindrical, apiculate, glabrous ; seeds about 12 with
partitions between.

Moist low country; very rare. I have seen, besides Hermann’s, only
the C. P. specimens, collected at Colombo by Ferguson in 1859, which
are very imperfect. fl. red.

Occurs throughout India and in Trop. Africa.

Of Linnzus’ duplicate names /. glabra has 21 years’ priority over
I. pentaphylla, but neither name is very appropriate.

24 Leguminosae. [ Indigofera.

6. X. tenuifolia, ARott/. ex W. and A. Prod. 200 (1834).

Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 1462.

Fl. B. Ind. it. 95.

Annual, 6-18 in. high, with numerous spreading or as-
cending, slender, slightly strigose branches ; |. imparipinnate,
rachis 4-2 in., strigose, stip. small, setaceous, Iflts. usually 9
(4 pair and end one), very shortly stalked, obovate-linear, with
few coarse adpressed hairs on both sides, stipel minute,
setaceous ; fl. small, shortly stalked, 3-8 in axillary racemes
usually longer than lL, cal.-segm. setaceous ; pod nearly 1 in.,
linear, compressed, straight, with scattered adpressed hair,
rather torulose, about 10-seeded.

Dry region; rare. Trincomalie; Bintenne; Bibile, Uva. Fl. Jan.;

red.
Also in S. India.

7. £. viscosa, Lam. Encycl. iil. 247 (1789).

Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 1459. :

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 95. Wight, Ic. 404 (not good).

Annual, but often semi-woody below, 1-3 ft., branches
numerous, spreading, densely clothed with gland-tipped hairs,
so as to be very viscous to the touch; |. imparipinnate, rachis
about 1in., slender, very viscous, with glandular hair, stip.
filiform-setaceous, Iflts. 7-13 (3-6 pair and end one), usually
11, obovate-oval, obtuse, apiculate, nearly sessile, finely hairy
above, with larger adpressed hairs beneath ; fl. small, very
shortly stalked, 3-6 in glandular racemes rather shorter than
1.; cal.-segm. filiform, setaceous ; pod 4—#in., linear, straight,
cylindrical, torulose, apiculate, clothed with both adpressed
white hairs and copious gland-tipped ones; seeds 10-12.

Dry region ; very common in open places. Fl. May-Sept.; pink.

Throughout the Tropics of Asia, Africa, and Australia.

8. I. trifoliata, Z. Amen. Acad. iv. 327 (1759).

Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 3592.

1Pik, 1835 Iievel, ti, Clee Winednie, Mes te, Suits

Herbaceous, 1-2 ft., branches few, slender, elongated, with
scattered, adpressed white hairs; |. 3-foliolate, petiole £3 in.,
slender, stip. very small, setaceous, lflts. $-1in., shortly stalked,
narrowly obovate-oval, tapering to base, obtuse, apiculate,
nearly glabrous above, glaucous with white adpressed hair
and with scattered glandular dots beneath ; fl. small, on very
short, curved ped., 3-6 crowded in very short sessile racemes;
cal.-segm. lanceolate, acuminate; pod 4—#in., deflexed, linear,
straight, somewhat quadrangular, with 4 narrow longitudinal
wings, one on either side of each suture, not torulose, with a
few scattered white hairs, 6—8-seeded.

Indigofera.) Leguminose. 25

Dry or intermediate regions; rare. Mineri; near Badulla. Fl. Dec.—
March ; dark pink.

Throughout India, and in Java, China, N. Australia.

There are specimens in Hb. Perad. without locality which are probably
I. vestita, Baker, of S. India.

g. £. trita, LZ. 6 Supp. Pl. 335 (1781). Wal-awari, S.

Thw. Enum. 83. C.P 1463,

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 96. Wight, Ic. tt. 315, 386.

A low, coarse oedensiaae. 1-2 ft. high, branches numerous,
rigid, divaricate, hoary with adpressed white hair; 1. 3-folio-
late, petiole 4-3 in, stip. small, setaceous, Iflts. narrowly
obovate-oblong, the end one :stalked, the lat. ones nearly
sessile, usually slightly emarginate, dark green and glabrous
above, whitish and finely hairy beneath, stipels minute; fl.
rather small, 3 in., numerous, nearly sessile, in spicate racemes
shorter than 1|.; cal.-segm. narrow, acuminate; wing- and keel-
pet. very long, the former emarginate at apex; pod 1-1}in.,
linear, divaricate, rigid, straight, quadrangular, spine-pointed,
not torulose, purplish-silvery, with adpressed hairs ; seeds 8.

Dry region ; rather common in damp waste ground. Trincomalie ;
Batticaloa; several. places bet. Anuradhapura and Trincomalie; Ata-
kalan Korale. Fl. May; salmon-red.

In most countries of Trop. Asia, N. Australia.

The fi. at the top of the racemes do not produce pods, and the end of
the rachis in fruit becomes rigid and spine-pointed.

Io. I. subulata, Por. Encycl. Meth. Supp. iii. 150 (1813).

tL. flaccida, Koen., Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 1460.

Fi. B. Ind. ii. 96. Wight, Ic. t. 387 (Z flaccida).

Perennial, with very long, slender, sub-scandent stems,
branches numerous, ascending or spreading, striate, nearly
glabrous, when young with white adpressed hair ; |. impari-
pinnate, rachis 1-2 in., slender, hoary, stip. filiform, lflts. 5 (2
pair and end one), stalked, readily disarticulating, oval, obtuse,
apiculate, hairy on both sides, paler beneath; fl. small, on
short, strongly curved ped., numerous, in very long-stalked,
slender, spicate racemes, exceeding the 1.; cal.-segm. setaceous ;
pod 14-1#in., linear, slender, deflexed at base, curved out-
wards, and divaricate, sharp-pointed, subquadrangular, nearly
glabrous, not torulose; seeds 8-12.

Dry region, scrambling over bushes; rather rare. Trincomalie;
Haragama ; Anuradhapura. Fl. December-Feb.; pale purplish-red.

Found in S. India and in Trop. Africa and America.

Easily known by its straggling sub-scandent habit. The racemes

greatly elongate after flowering, frequently reaching 9 in., the pods being
mostly found i in the lower half.

il. I. paucifolia, Del. Descr. Egypte, 251 (1812). Nanti, 7.
Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 1454.
Fl, B. Ind. ii. 97. Wight, Ic. t. 331.

26 Leguminose. (Indigofera.

A small shrub, 1-3 ft., with numerous stout, woody, as-
cending branches, more or less densely hoary with small,
white adpressed hair, young parts white, silky; | imparipin-
nate, rachis 4-4in., stip. lanceolate, acuminate, Iflts. 3-5,
rarely 7, alternate, very shortly stalked, 2-1in., narrowly
oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, slightly hairy above,
white with dense pubescence beneath, conduplicate when
young, terminal one largest; fl. small, numerous, on short,
curved ped., racemes spicate, rather close, longer than 1. cal.-
segm. lanceolate, cuspidate ; pods numerous on whole length
of raceme, deflexed, 4—# in., slightly curved outwards, apiculate,
torulose, hoary; seeds about 6.

Dry and desert regions; rather common. Jaffna, abundant; Aripo ;
Kalpitiya and Karativu I., abundant; Matalan, N. Prov. (Nevill). Fl.
Feb., March, August ; red.

Also occurs in Trop. Africa, Arabia, Beluchistan, Sind, and in Java.
Mr. Nevill gives me as the Tamil name of this ‘ Kuttukarasamatti.’

I. parviflora, Heyne. A scrap in the Peradeniya collection collected
by Ferguson in 1865 at Colombo may be this species, but is too imper-
fect for certain identification.

12. £. hirsuta, Z. Sf. P/. 751 (1753).

Herm. Mus. to. Burm. Thes. 37. FI. Zeyl. n. 272. Moon Cat. 54.
Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 1456.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 98. Burm. Thes. t. 14.

Annual, 1-3 ft., erect, slightly branched, branches hori-
zontal, covered (as is whole plant) with spreading reddish
hair ; 1. imparipinnate, rachis 14-2 in., stip. 2 in., filiform, con-
spicuous, lflts. 7 (3 pair and end one), shortly stalked, #-1 in.,
oblong-oval, very hairy on both sides, especially beneath ; fi.
numerous, on short curved ped., racemes long-stalked, rather
dense, greatly exceeding 1. cal.-segm. long, filiform, very
hairy; pods 2in., numerous, deflexed, overlapping, oblong-
linear, somewhat quadrangular, apiculate, densely clothed with
spreading hair; seeds 8.

Dry and intermediate regions; very common. Fl. March-Aug.;
bright pink.

In nearly all Tropical countries.

Hermann’s name for this is ‘ Ghasundupjali’ (Gas-undupiyali).

13. * I. tinctoria, Z. Sd. P/. 751 (1753). Nil-awari, S.

Herm. Mus. 32. Burm. Thes. 69. FI. Zeyl. n. 273. Moon Cat. 54.
Thw. Enum. 411. C. P. 3591.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 99. Wight, Ic. t. 365. Bentl. and Trim. Med. Pl. t. 72.

A low shrub, 2-4 ft.. with numerous virgate, slightly
angular branches, more or less covered with white adpressed
hairs ; |. imparipinnate, rachis 14-2 in., adpressed-pilose, stip.

Indigofera.] Leguminose. De)

small, linear-cuspidate, lflts. 7-11 (3-5 pair and end one),
shortly stalked with minute stipels, about #in., obovate-
oblong, acute at base, rounded, often retuse, apiculate, glabrous
above, silvery-silky beneath, bright green, but drying a
blackish-grey, readily disarticulating; fl. small, on short,
slender ped., in erect, rather lax, tapering spicate racemes,
bracts small, cuspidate ; cal. very shallow, silvery-hairy, segm.
lanceolate, acute; pod 1-1} in., linear, straight or slightly
curved, cylindrical, strongly apiculate, thickened at both
sutures, nearly glabrous, slightly or not at all constricted
between the seeds; seeds 8-12.

Low country, by roadsides and waste places ; rather common, especi-
ally in the dry region, but very doubtfully indigenous. FI. all the year ;
pink, standard green outside.

Found also in India and Tropical Africa, but scarcely known as a
wild plant anywhere, unless in West Trop. Africa.

This is the Indigo plant, so largely cultivated in India. Here there
is no cultivation, but the natives of Jaffna use the leaves of the wild plant
in obtaining a black dye for cloth.

I. Anil, L., is occasionally met with as a roadside weed. It is another
indigo-producing species, and is generally believed to be of American
origin.

14. Z. constricta, 77zm. Cat. Ceylon Pl. 23 (1885).
I. flaccida, var. B, constricta, Thw. Enum. 411. C. P. 3811.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 99 (note under (JZ. ¢2cforia).

A small erect shrub, with few cylindrical branches, silvery
with adpressed hair ; |. imparipinnate, rachis about 2 in., stip.
short, stiffly setaceous, Iflts. 9, shortly stalked, about #in., oval
or oblong-oval, acute at base, obtusely apiculate, finely hairy
on both sides, especially beneath, easily falling ; fl, numerous,
racemes about as long as l1.; cal. silky, tube campanulate,
segm. short, triangular, acute; pod about 14in., linear, slightly
curved, somewhat 4-angled, pointed, much constricted be-
tween the seeds, sparingly silky; seeds 3-6, larger than in
I. tinctoria.

Montane zone ; very rare. Etanwelle, Matale East (Thwaites). Fl.

June ; pet. not seen.
Also in Peninsular India (N. Canara, Talbot n. 320 in Herb. Calcutta).

15. I. Wightii, Grak. in Wall. Cat. n. 5488 (1828).

I. tnamena, Thw. Enum. 83. C. P. 3513.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 99.

A small shrub, with numerous spreading, furrowed, grey-
silvery branches, young parts densely covered with adpressed
silvery hair; |. imparipinnate, rachis 2-3 in., silvery, stip. very
small, cuspidate, Iflts. 15-19 (7-9 pair and end one), small,

28 Leguminosae. [ Psoralea.

3in., shortly stalked, lanceolate-oblong, acute at base, obtuse,
with a strongly curved mucro at apex, coriaceous, densely
covered with adpressed white hair on both sides; fl.on slender
ped., in nearly sessile crowded racemes much shorter than L;
cal.-segm. lanceolate-linear; pet. very hairy outside; pod
I}+in., stout, linear, cylindrical, mucronate, hairy, not torulose;
seeds, 10-12.

Low country very rare. Kalupahane near Haldummulla, at about

2000 ft. (Thwaites). Fl. April, red.
Also in S. India.

16. I. galegoides, DC. Prod. ii. 225 (1825).

Avro, 120, mi, ~ Ili, Iran, (C, IPs waleyt,

Fl. B. Ind. ii. too.

A tall shrub or little tree, twigs angular, glabrous, young
parts silvery-pubescent; |. imparipinnate, rachis 3-44 in.,
channelled on upper side, pubescent, stip. filiform, lflts. 19-23
(Q-II pair and end one), distinctly stalked, oblong, acute at
base, obtuse, finely mucronate, silky on both sides, paler
beneath, thin, stipels minute; fl. on short ped., in dense, erect,
spicate racemes; cal. hairy, segm. short, triangular, acute ;
pod 2in., linear, straight, with a long beak, nearly glabrous ;
seeds 8-10, very truncate at ends.

Moist low country; rather rare. Colombo (Ferguson) ; Welipenna,
Pasdun Korale; Kaduganawa; Matale (Gardner). Fl. April-August ;
pale pink.

Also in E. Bengal, Malaya, and S. China.

Often planted for ornament.

6. PSORALEA, J.

Annual herbs, dotted with small dark glands; |. simple;
fl, in short, dense, axillary racemes; cal. cut about 4 way
down, lowest segm. longest, keel-pet. obtuse, not beaked ;
stam. diadelphous, but the upper one often partially connate
with rest, anth. nearly uniform; style long; pod small, inde-
hiscent, 1-seeded.—Sp. about 100; 2 in FZ. B. Lnd.

P. corylifolia, L. SZ. Pl. 764 (1753). Bodi, S.

Moon Cat. 55. Arn. Pug. 11. Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 1443.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 103. Bot. Mag. t. 665.

Annual, 1-3 ft., stem erect, with scattered hairs or nearly
glabrous, dotted with glands, slightly branched ; 1. simple, on
erect petioles 4-1 in. long, 14-2} in., roundish or broadly
ovate, rounded at base, acute or subacute, irregularly repand-
dentate, sparingly hairy on both sides, copiously sprinkled

Mundulea.| Leguminose@. 29

with black, glandular dots, veins prominent beneath, stip.
triangular, acuminate; fl. small, on short ped., crowded in
a dense spicate raceme #in. long, terminating a stiff, erect,
axillary peduncle about 2 in. long, bracts membranous, acute,
gland-dotted; cal. hairy, gland-dotted, segm. obtuse; pod
zo in., enclosed in cal. and scarcely exceeding it, broadly
ovoid, glabrous, black, indehiscent.

Dry region; ratherrare. Anuradhapura; Nalande; Delft I. (Gardner);
Mannar. Fl. Feb., Aug., Nov.; purple.

Throughout Peninsular India.
Arnott (I. c.) states that Ceylon specimens are sometimes 3-foliolate.

Ceylon has no species of A/z//ettéa, of which 24 species are included in
Fl. B. Ind.

7, MUNDULEA, DC.

Small tree; |. imparipinnate; fl. large, in terminal racemes;
cal. deeply campanulate, segm. short, two upper connate; pet.
about equal, standard with long claw, wing-pet. coherent with
keel near the base; stam. monadelphous, anth. uniform; style
long, curved; pod linear, flat, scarcely dehiscent, few-seeded.—
Speswat in fY. Bb. Ind.

IM. suberosa, Benth. Pl. Jungh. iii. 248 (18 54).
Tephrosia suberosa, DC. Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 1486.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 110. Wight, Il. t. 82.

A small slender tree or erect shrub, 10-15 ft. high, with
pale corky bark, young twigs densely pilose-velvety ; 1.
numerous, rachis 4-6in., densely silky-pubescent, stip. small,
linear, Iflts. 13-23 (6-11 pair and end one), the lower ones
often alternate, shortly stalked, ?-14in., narrowly ovate-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous and bright green above,
silky and silvery beneath; fl. large, on pilose ped. din. long,
in rather dense terminal racemes; cal. silky, segm. broadly
triangular, acute; pet. over #in., standard silky outside; pod
2-3} in., linear, straight, rostrate, strongly compressed, densely
velvety, with short, golden-brown hair, thickened at sutures ;
seeds 2-7, about }in., yellowish-brown.

Rocky hills in the dry region; rare. Dambulla Hill, abundant ;
rocks near Habarane. FI. March, Sept., Nov.; bright pinkish-violet.

Also in S. India, Trop. Africa, Madagascar.

It is just possible that this pretty shrub may have been originally in-

troduced to its few Ceylon localities. It is sometimes cultivated in
gardens.

30 Leguminose. [ Tephrosia.

8. TEPHROSIA, ers.

Perennial herbs or low shrubs, |. imparipinnate, with
setaceous (rarely spinous) stip. and oblong Ifits., fl. in leaf-
opposed racemes or few axillary; cal. campanulate, segm.
nearly equal, acuminate; keel-pet. not beaked ; stam. diadel-
phous, anth. uniform; style much curved, filiform or flat-
tened ; pod linear, flat, dehiscent, many-seeded, without septa
between the seeds.—Sp. 100; 10 in FZ. B. Ind.

Stipules spinous’. : : : 5 : . 1, TL SPEINOSA:
Stipules not spinous.
Pod slightly pilose or silky.
Lfits. unequal.

FI. axillary 2. T. SENTICOSA.
Fl. in racemes 3. T.. TINCLORIA
Lfits. nearly equal.
Seeds 5 0r6. 4. T. PURPUREA.
Seeds 11-14 . 5. T. MAXIMA.
Pod densely hairy.
Pod about 2 in., nearly straight 6. T. HOOKERIANA.
Pod. 17 in., distinctly falcate . 7. T. VILLOSA.

1. T. spinosa, Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 330 (1807).
Thw. Enum. 411.
FI. B. Ind. ii. 112. Wight, Ic. t. 372.

A small spreading shrub with rigid divaricate branches,
silvery-grey with adpressed hair; 1. small, rachis 4-2 in,
pubescent, stip. sharply spinous, persistent, becoming woody,
Iflts. 2-4 pair and end one, very shortly stalked, nearly equal,
obovate-oblong, strongly mucronate, silky on both surfaces,
more or less conduplicate ; fl. rather small, on slender ped.,
solitary or 2 or 3 in axils of 1.; cal. hairy, segm. sharply
acuminate; pod 1-14 in, linear, slightly falcate, pendulous,
mucronate, thinly silky, 5-7-seeded.

Dry region ; very rare. Near Giant’s Tank, Mannar District, 1890.
The locality given in Thw. Enum. is ‘ North of the Island, Mr. W.
Ferguson ;’ and Mr. F. informed me that the specimens were sent to him
from Aripo in 1859 by the late Dr. Charsley. FI. Jan._Feb.; pink.

Also in S. India and Java.

A common bazaar drug under the Tamil name of ‘ Mukavallivér.’

2. 'T.senticosa. Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 330 (1807).

Herm. Mus. 12 and 14. FI. Zeyl. n. 303. Cvacca senticosa, L. Sp. Pl.
752. W.and A. Prod. 212. Trim. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 148.

Fl B. Ind.ai. 112. Wight, Ic. t. 370.

A low shrub with numerous divaricate hoary branches ;
Iflts. 1-3. pair and an end one (which is much the largest),
I-2 in., obovate-oblong, emarginate, nearly glabrous above,

Tephrosia.] Leguuinose. BT

clothed with adpressed soft white hair beneath, stip. subulate ;
fl. shortly stalked, solitary or 2 in the axils; pod 14-2 in,
spreading, linear, much curved, sparingly pilose, 6—8-seeded.

Very rare. I have seen no specimens but those in Hermann’s
Herbarium; the pods of these are very sparingly pilose, but there are no
flowers. The plant is perhaps only a cultivated state of 7. spzzosa ; some
of Hermann’s specimens have 7-9 Ifits.

Also in S. India.

The above description mainly from Roxburgh (Galega pentaphylla,
Fl. Ind. iii. 384).

3. T. tinctoria, Pers. Syn. P/. ii. 329 (1807). Alu-pila, S.

Herm. Mus. 34. FI. Zeyl. n. 302. Cvacca tinctoria, L. Sp. Pl. 752.
Galega tinctoria, L., Moon Cat. 55. Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 1449.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 111. Wight, Ic. t. 388.

Perennial, somewhat shrubby below, 14-3 ft., stem and
ascending branches stiff, slightly angled, more or less clothed
with yellow or brownish pubescence ; 1.-rachis 1-2 in., pubes-
cent, stip. small, triangular, acuminate, lflts. 7-11 (3-5 pair
and an end one), unequal, decreasing in size towards base of
], very variable in width, obtuse at both ends, often retuse at
apex, mucronate, glabrous above, more or less densely silvery-
silky beneath, lat. veins numerous, parallel, conspicuous ; fl.
rather small, on slender, short, hairy ped., in short, erect
racemes, on stiff hairy peduncles exceeding the 1. bracts
setaceous, hairy; cal.-segm. long, setaceous, hairy; pod
2-24 in., linear, very slightly curved upwards at end, apiculate,
more or less densely covered with soft silky hair, seeds 7-10,
distant.

Var 6, pulcherrima, Laker in FI. B. Ind, 7. c.

Lfits. 1-5, very unequal, the terminal one much the longest
(3 in. or more) and often the only one present, more densely
silky beneath and with lat. veins more prominent, stip. larger;
pods more thickly velvety.

Upper zone of moist low country and lower mountain zone, rather
common; abundant in the patanas of Uva. Var. 6B, Matale. Fl. Jan.,
Feb.; bright pink.

Also in Peninsular India.

Very variable in foliage; when the terminal Iflt. is not larger than the
rest, it is 7. zwtermedia, Grah. An inferior Indigo is obtained from this,
and is or was in use by the Sinhalese (see Herm. Mus. 1. c.)

Sa zi purpurea, Pers. Syn. Pi. ii. 329 (1807). Pila, S. Kolin-
chi, 7.
Burm. Thes. 77. Fl. Zeyl. n. 301. Cvracca purpurea, L. Sp. Plant.
752. Galega purpurea, L., Moon Cat. 55. Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 1445.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 112. Burm. Thes. t. 32.

32 Leguminose. [ Tephrosia.

A perennial herb, 1-2 ft. high, with numerous wide-
spreading, glabrous or sparingly pilose branches; |. numerous,
rachis 14-3 in., slender, flexuose, channelled above, pilose,
stip. setaceous, lflts. 5-10 pair and end one, on pilose stalks,
equal, narrowly cuneate-oblong, tapering to base, obtuse or
retuse, mucronate, glabrous above, finely adpressed-silky be-
neath ; fl, numerous, rather small, on slender ped., 2 or 3
together in small, lax, narrow, erect, terminal racemes; cal.
thinly silky, segm. long, acuminate; pod 14-1? in,, linear,
slightly curved, mucronate, very thinly hairy, 5-6-seeded.

Low country in both moist and dry regions, a very common weed.
Fl. July, Nov., Dec.; purplish-pink.

Found throughout the Tropics.

There is a form with very small flowers, which seem to be that figured

by Burman.
A common village medicine for children.

5. T. maxima, Pers. Syn. Pi. ii. 329 (1807). [PLATE XXVII.]

Burm. Thes. 228. Fl. Zeyl. n. 300. Cvacca maxima, L. Sp. Pl. 752.
Thw. Enum. 34. Galega maxima, L., Moon Cat. 55. C. P. 1444.

BE Be nde rises purpurea, var.). Burm. Thes. t. 108, f. 2 (bad).

Perennial, often prostrate, with many long, slender branches
set with rather long spreading hair; |. distant, rachis 24-6 in.,
channelled above, with more or less long spreading hair, stip.
cuspidate, deflexed or spreading, rigid, conspicuous, Iflts.
stalked, in 4-6 pair and an end one, nearly equal, narrowly
obovate-oblong, usually strongly emarginate, mucronate, nearly
glabrous on both sides, lat. veins prominent beneath; fl. large,
few, on slender ped., in lax, long-stalked, apparently terminal
(? really axillary) racemes exceeding the |, cal. pubescent,
segm. narrow, acuminate; pet. #in.; pod about 2% in., nar-
rowly linear, slightly falcate, beaked, scantily pubescent or
nearly glabrous ; seeds 11-14.

Dry region in sandy ground liable to be overflowed ; rather common.
Jaffna; Mineri; Kantalai. Fl. March—-Aug.; bright pale pink.

Also in S. India.

A very pretty plant with large rose-coloured flowers. I cannot agree
with Baker, in Fl. B. Ind., in making this a variety of 7: purpurea.

The fl. are sometimes solitary in the leaf axils. The stip. are de-
veloped before the |., and are very conspicuous in the buds.

6. T. Hookeriana, W. and A. Prod. 212 (1834).

LT. hirta, Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 2776.

BEB Sinden 13:

Perennial, erect, with ascending pubescent branches; 1.
large, rachis about 3 in., pubescent, stip. linear, filiform, Iflts.
in 7-9 pair and an end one, 1-14 in., shortly stalked, oblong-

Sesbania. | Leguminosae. 33

linear, obiuse, retuse, mucronate, glabrous above, white and
shining with adpressed hair beneath; fl. rather large, racemes
very long, lax, erect, spicate, terminal ; cal. very hairy, upper
segm. broader ; style flattened ; pod 1#-2 in., linear, slightly
falcate, weakly mucronate, very densely clothed with copious
fulvous hair; seeds 6-10.

Moist low country; very rare. The C. P. plants are labelled
‘Colombo (Macrae);’ and Thw. also gives ‘Hantane (Gardner).’ FI.
purplish-white.

Also in India and Malacca.

7. T. villosa, Pers. Syn. Pi. ii. 329 (1807). Bu-pila, S.

Burm. Thes. 78. Fl. Zeyl. n. 299. Cvracca villosa, L. Sp. Pl. 752.
Galega villosa, L., Moon Cat. 55. Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 1447, 1446.

Bee ind. ii. 113. Burm. Thes. t. 33.

Perennial, semi-shrubby below, branches numerous, spread -
ing, white with adpressed hair; 1. numerous, rachis 1-2 in.,
silky, stip. rigid, sometimes almost spinous, spreading, Ifits, in
5-9 pair and an end one, distinctly stalked, narrowly obovate-
oblong, obtuse, mucronate, nearly glabrous above, finely silky
beneath; fl. rather small, on hairy ped., in clusters of 2 or 3,
racemes lax, terminal, on short peduncles, bracts linear ; cal.
densely covered with long soft hair, teeth setaceous, plumose;
standard hairy on the back; pod about 14 in., broadly linear,
distinctly falcate, bluntly apiculate, very thickly covered with
dense spreading brownish hair; seeds 6-8.

Dry region; very common. FI. all the year; pink, rarely white.
Also in Peninsular India, Trop. Africa, and Mauritius.

C. P. 1446 (from Jaffna) has the young leaves and inflorescence much

more densely clothed with silvery hair; it is var. avgentfea, Thw. Enum.

(T argentea, Pers.). Burman’s figure (I. c.) represents a white-flowered
variety.

9. SESBANTA, Pers.

Annual or perennial, semi-woody, |. long, abruptly pinnate
with numerous pairs of Iflts., fl. in axillary racemes; cal.
campanulate, segm. shallow, equal; pet. equal, long-clawed,
keel obtuse, not beaked ; stam. diadelphous, anth. uniform,
style curved upwards, glabrous; pod very long and narrow,
dehiscent, with distinct partitions between the numerous
seeds.—Sp. 20; 4 in FV. B. Ind.

Lfits. 20-30 ; pods pendulous, twisted he . I. S, HGYPTIACA,
Lfits. 40-100 ; pods spreading or erect, not twisted , 2. S, ACULEATA.

PART II, D

34 Leguminose. [Sesbania.

1. *S. egyptiaca, Pers. Syn. P/. ii. 316(1807). Chittakatti, 7.
Moon Cat. 53. Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 1512.
PE Belnd) iris) Wightalest.32"

A weedy tree-like herb 6-10 ft. high, with numerous
‘spreading branches, nearly glabrous, without prickles, young
parts silky; 1. numerous, rachis 24-4 in., slightly pilose, without
prickles, furrowed above, swollen at base, stip. filiform,
membranous, falling early; Iflts. in 10-15 pair, very shortly
stalked, $—? in., oblong-linear, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous or
nearly so, rather glaucous; fl. few, rather large, on very slender
ped., in very lax, slender, pendulous, axillary, stalked racemes;
cal. glabrous, segm. very shallow, acute; pod 8-9 in., pendulous,
very narrowly linear, sharply beaked, usually somewhat
twisted, weak, slightly torulose, seeds 30 or more, greenish-
grey.

Dry country; rare. Habarane (Gardner); Trincomalie (Glenie).
Doubtfully native, but often seen in gardens. Fl. Nov., Dec., June;

pale yellow, the standard dotted on the back with purple.
Throughout the Tropics, but often cultivated.

2. S. aculeata, Pers. Synz. P/. ii. 316 (1807).

Burm. Thes. 93. Herm. Mus. 55. Fl. Zeyl. n. 2098, var. 6 (in part).
LA schynomene Sesban, L. Sp. Pl. 714 (part). Moon Cat. 53. Thw.
Enum. 84. C. P. 1513.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 114. Burm. Thes. t. 41 (poor).

A semi-woody annual, 1-3 ft. high, with numerous, more
or less prickly, glabrous, ascending branches ; 1. ascending,
rachis very long, 6-10 in., branch-like, stout, cylindrical, more
or less set beneath with small hooked prickles, glabrous, stip.
membranous, acuminate, soon falling, Iflts. very numerous,
20-50 pair, shortly stalked, $-? in., linear or oblong-linear,
obtuse, mucronate, glabrous; fl. as in the last but rather
smaller; pod 6-9 in., spreading or erect, narrowly linear,
slightly falcate, beaked, stiff not twisted, glabrous, slightly
torulose.

Var. B, sericea, Benth. in Thw. Enum. 441. C. P. 3850.

Branches, rachis and Iflts. permanently silky beneath ;
racemes with shorter peduncles.

Low country especially in dry region; rather common. Var. £B,
‘Colombo. Often a bad weed in paddy fields. FI. Jan., July; yellow,
standard with red dots on the back.

Throughout the E. Tropics.

An unarmed variety is common in paddy fields with shorter erect
straight pods always under 4 in. long and solitary and sessile in the
axils, which is probably &. uliginosa, Roxb., or perhaps . procumbens,
"Roxb.

Under his 4. Sesban, Linnzus doubtless included also S. egyptiaca.

Zornia.| Leguminose@. a5

S. grandifiora, Pers. (Agati, Desv.) is often seen in native gardens,
its large white or red flowers being very conspicuous. It is called
Katuru-murunga in S., Akattz in T., and is figured in Bedd. FI. Sylv.
t. 86. The leaves and flowers are eaten.

Io. ZORNIA, Gel.

Annual, |. compound, Iflts. 2, dotted; fl. in long lax spikes,
each enclosed in a pair of large flat bracts; cal. minute,
paleaceous, upper segm. connate; pet. much exserted ; stam.
monadelphous, anth. dimorphic; pod jointed, easily separable
into flattened, circular, muriculate, indehiscent, 1-seeded joints.
—Sp. 10; 1 in FZ. B. Ind.

Z. diphylla, Pers. Syn. P/. ii. 318 (1807).
Herm. Mus. 18. Burm. Thes. 114. Fl. Zeyl. n. 291. Aedysarum
diphyllum, L. Sp. Pl. 747. Z. angustifolia, Sm., Thw. Enum. 84. C. P.

3598.
Sete adi. 147. Rheede, Hort, Malab. ix te. 82, 83

Annual, with many prostrate or ascending, glabrous or
puberulous, wiry branches, 6-12 in. long; |. small, rachis 4-3 in.,
stip. large, lanceolate, acuminate, produced below into an
acuminate appendage, Ifits. 2 (a single pair) very shortly stalked,
linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, often unequal-sided,
glabrous, rigid, dotted with black glands beneath; fl. small,
sessile, distant, each enclosed within a pair of ovate, acute,
flat, reticulate-veined, leaf-like, persistent bracts, often ciliate,
dotted like the 1., arranged in stiff, erect, very lax axillary
spikes; pod either quite enclosed between or slightly exceeding
bracts, about 4 in., composed of 2—5 compressed indehiscent
joints set with numerous short straight spines.

Var. B, conjugata, 77rim. Hedysarum conjugatum, Willd. Sp. PI. iii.

1178. Z. zeylanensis, Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 213. Moon Cat. 54. Z. conju-
gata, Sm., Thw. Enum. 85. Burm. Thes. t. 50, f. 1. C. P. 3600.

Lfits. 4 in., ovate ; pods larger, twice as long as bracts.

Var. y, Walkeri, Laker. Z. Walkeri, Arn. Pug. 12; Thw. Enum. 85.
C. P. 3599.

Lfits. }—? in.; pods scarcely longer than bracts, reticulate-
veined, without spines.

Low country, especially dry region; common. Var. 6, Colombo.
Var. y, Colombo ; Jaffna ; Badulla; Galagama; Hewahette. FI. all the
year ; yellow.

Found throughout the Tropics. Var. y is endemic, and has perhaps
good claims to be kept up as a species.

Herm. gives ‘Mahasweenna’ (Maha-aswenna) as the S. name.

[Geissaspis cristata, W. and A., is given for Ceylon in FI. B. Ind. ii.
141, but I know of no specimens from here in any Herb.]

36 Leguminose. [ Smathia.

11. STYLOSANTEHES, Sw.

A dwarf, rigid under-shrub, |. pinnately 3-foliolate, with
large stip., fl. few, in dense heads; cal. tubular, the lowest
segm. longest; keel-pet. slightly beaked; stam. monadelphous,
dimorphic ; style long, straight; pod of 1 or 2 flattened,
wrinkled, indehiscent, 1-seeded joints—Sp. 15; 1in FZ B. Ind.

S. mucronata, Wild. Sp. Pi. iii. 1166 (1800). Wal-nanu, S.

Herm. Mus. 42. Burm. Thes. 226. Fl. Zeyl. n. 553. AHedysarum
hamatum. L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1057. Arachis fruticosa, Retz. Obs. v. 26.
Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 84. C. P. 1451.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 148. Burm. Thes. t. 106, f. 2. Bedd. Ic. t. 294.

A much-branched, dwarf, woody perennial, branches stiff,
wiry, ascending, hairy; |. distant or crowded, rachis }—3in.,
stip. large, membranous, adnate to rachis for half its length
and forming a sheath round stem and terminating in 2
acicular spreading sharply spiny teeth, lflts. 3, shortly stalked,
34 in., the terminal rather the largest, lanceolate, strongly
mucronate, rigid, glabrous above, silky on the prominent
veins below and marked with groups of conspicuous black
dots ; fl. rather small, few, sessile in axils of leaf-like stipulate
bracts and forming small close terminal heads or spikes;
cal. membranous, splitting into laciniz in fruit; pod very
short, concealed by persistent bracts, tipped by long curved
beak, joints pubescent, with raised veins.

Dry and desert region ; common in the most arid places. Fl. March,
August; yellow.

Also in Peninsular India, and in Malay Islands and Trop. and S.

Africa.
I doubt the Sinhalese name above given.

12, SMITHIA,* Azton.

Annual or perennial herbs, |. abruptly pinnate, the rachis
ending in a bristle, with large stip., fl. axillary, racemose, or
paniculate, with 2 persistent scarious bracts adpressed to cal.;
cal. deeply divided into 2 lips which are either entire or lobed;
stam. in 2 bundles of 5 each, anth. uniform; pod very small,
enclosed in persistent cal., of 2-6, easily separable, seed-like,
1-seeded joints.—Sp. about 30; 12 in Fd. B. Ind.

* Commemorates Sir James Edward Smith, the purchaser of Linnzeus’
collections and founder and first NESS CSE of the Linnean Society.
Died 1828.

Smithia.] Leguminose. 37

Cal. rigid, the lips entire, acute.

Fl. in small axillary racemes 5 . : . I. S. SENSITIVA.
Fl. solitary or2,in axils. . 2. S. GEMINIFLORA,
Cal. membranous, the lips lobed ; fl. in panicles =) Go. BLANDA:

I. S. sensitiva, Azt. Hort. Kew. iii. 496 (1789).

C. P. 3946.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 148 (not given for Ceylon). Ait. Hort. Kew. t. 13.

Annual with very slender much-branched, glabrous stems,
1-14 ft. long; 1. small, rachis under 4 in., set with bristly
hairs, stip. lanceolate, acute, Iflts. 3-6 pair, oblong-linear,
obtuse, bristle-pointed, glabrous above, with rather long
bristles on margin and midrib beneath; fl. small, on slender
ped., 2-6 crowded at ends of small, stalked, erect, axillary
racemes rather longer than 1.; cal. striate, somewhat bristly,
the lips equal, acute, entire; joints of pod 4-6, papillose, pale
brown.

Low country in intermediate region; very rare. Kaluganga, Lagalla
(Beckett) ; 3 wet places near Lenadore. Fl. Feb.; bright yellow.

Also in India, Java, China, Trop. Africa, Madagascar.

The leaves are excessively sensitive.

2. S. conferta, S77. zz Rees Cyclop. xxxiil. (1816).

Thw. Enum. 85. C. P. 2777.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 149. (S. gemznzflora, Roth. var.)

Annual, 2-4 ft., branches long, virgate, straggling, smooth,
with very long internodes below, |. small, rachis #-}in., bristly,
stip. very large, scarious, brownish- red, learesclais. acute, with
a long deflexed acuminate or lacerate auricle at base, Ifits. 4-8
pair, $-4} in. oblong, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous above,
strongly ciliate on margin and midrib beneath, fl. rather large,
conspicuous, with 2 scarious bracts close beneath cal., solitary
or 2, on slender ped., from axils of upper |. which are
crowded at ends of branches, so as to form a congested head ;
cal. scarious, rigid, lips entire, acute; pod very small, joints 3
or 4, minute, wrinkled.

Moist low country up to 3000 ft.; in wet places, rather common.
Pasdun Korale; Hantane; Maturata; Dikwelle; Ella. Fl. Jan., July,
September ; pale yellow.

Also in India, Java, and Trop. Australia.

This is doubtless the S. sensitiva of Moon Cat. 54. The leaves
become deflexed and the leaflets close up quickly after gathering, or on
being struck.

3. S. blanda, Wall. Cat. n. 5669 (1828).

S. paniculata, Arn. Pug. 12. Thw. Enum. 85. C. P. 58.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 151. Wight, Ic. t. 986 (?).

A perennial herb, 1-2 ft., erect or ascending, stems slightly
branched, usually hispid, more rarely glabrous; 1. distant

28 Leg UMLNOSE. [4 schynomene.

rachis 4-1 in., generally hispid, stip. as in the last, lflts. 2-6
pair, overlapping, nearly sessile, oval-oblong, obtuse, mucro-
nate, glabrous on both sides; fl. rather large, on slender hispid
ped., in large, lax, spreading, terminal panicles, bracts beneath
cal. short, obtuse; cal. membranous, hispid, the upper lip
broad, with 2 rounded lobes, the lower narrower with 3 segm.,
the central one acute; joints of pod 1-4, nearly globular,
reticulated.

Montane zone, 47000 ft., on patanas, common.

ie September, December ; bright yellow, standard with two red spots
at base.

Also in the mountains of India.

This is a variable plant, but I cannot distinguish any well-marked
constant varieties. Wight’s figure above quoted is very unlike our plant.

The lfits. are sensitive, and close up on being struck or gathered.

13. HSCHYNOMENE, J.

Large herbs; |. pinnate with very numerous Ifits., fl. few,
in axillary clusters, with 2 bracts below each; cal. deeply 2-
lipped, lips nearly entire or lobed ; pet. soon falling, keel not
beaked; stam. in 2 bundles of 5 each, anth. uniform; style
curved upwards; pod long-stalked, linear, compressed, shortly
beaked, composed of 6-9 readily separable i-seeded in-
dehiscent joints.—Sp. 30; 2 in FZ. B. Ind.

Cal. glabrous ; joints of pod smooth . : . 1. ZL AINDIGR
Cal. hispid; joints of pod strongly muriculate . 2. AZ. ASPERA.

1. HE. indica, Z. Sp. P/. 713 (1753). Diya-siyambala, S. |

Herm. Mus. 40. Burm. Thes. 120. Fl. Zeyl. in 551. . pumila,
L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1061. Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 85. C. P. 1515.

SB yincliiets peat Gat 405.

Annual, 1-2 ft., stem erect with ascending, cylindrical,
slender, glabrous branches; 1. very shortly stalked, rachis
stout 14-4 in., glabrous, stip. linear-lanceolate, acute, auricled
at base, Ifits. very numerous, 40-70, alternate, sessile, small,
zo-% in., set obliquely on the rachis and overlapping, linear,
unequal-sided, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous, thin, the upper ones
much the smallest; fl. few, on slender glandular ped., small,
I-3, on axillary peduncles (or branches) much shorter than
l.; cal. glabrous, lips very shortly toothed; pod 1-14 in,
narrow, slightly curved, glabrous or very slightly muriculate,
7-9-jointed.

Dry region, in wet places, especially near tanks, common. FI. July—

Nov., yellow.
Throughout the Tropics of the Old World and in Japan.

Ormocarpum.] Leguminose. 39

Variable. The stem, petioles, and pedicels are often covered with
stalked glands. .@. Jumila, L. is a form with acute leaflets, and more
hispid pods. Mr. Nevill sends from Puttalam a dwarf prostrate state, no

doubt from dry ground.
The base of the stem is often swollen and pith-like, but to no such.

extent as in @. aspera,

2. HE. aspera, Z. SP. Pl. 713 (1753). Maha-diya-siyambala,
S. Attuneddi, 7.
Herm. Mus. 24, 41. Burm. Thes. 119. Fl. Zeyl. n. 298. Moon Cat.

. Thw. Enum. 85. C. P. 1514.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 152. Wight, Ic. t. 299.

Perennial, stem very stout, often horizontal below and
floating, then erect 2-4 ft., glabrous, scarcely branched, usually
with a hollow pith-cavity, structure very light and spongy; 1.
large, rachis 4-6 in., stout, glabrous, stip. over 4 in., linear,
acuminate with a rounded membranous ciliate auricle at base,
Iflts. as in the last but still more numerous; fi. rather large, on
hispid ped., 2-6 in axillary corymbose panicles much shorter
than 1, bracts ovate, hispid; cal. hispid, upper lip rounded,
lower 3-fid; pet. hairy outside; pod 3-4 in., over } in wide,
nearly straight, woody, glabrous, 6- or 7-jointed, each joint
with a group of sharp asperities in the centre.
as region, in tanks and paddy fields, common. FI. December ;
ellow. ;
z Also in India, Malaya, and Trop. Africa.

This is remarkable for the light, spongy character of the tissue of the
stem (which in large plants attains 3 in. in diameter), whence it is often
called the ‘ pith-plant’ by the English. It is the ‘Shola’ of Bengal, and
from slices of the stem the well-known pith hats are made. A manufac-
ture of similar hats was started in 1885 in the jail at Hambantota, in the
neighbourhood of which place the plant is plentiful.

14. ORMOCARPUM, Leauv.

Shrubs, |. imparipinnate; fl. few, in axillary racemes; cal.-
tube campanulate, upper segm. broader than lower ; keel-pet.
much incurved, not beaked; stam. in 2 bundles of 5 each,
anth. uniform; style much curved upwards; pod long-stalked,
composed of few narrow, indehiscent, oval-oblong joints
readily disarticulating.—Sp. 6; 1 in Fv. B. Lund.

O. sennoides, DC. Prod. ii. 315 (1825).

Hedysarum sennoides, Willd., Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 85. C. P.

1438.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 152. Wight, Ic. t. 297.

A small, rather straggling, branching shrub, with smooth
pale bark and slender twigs; |. spreading, rachis 14-2} in.,
usually rough with minute prickles, stip. small, triangular,

40 Leguminose. [Pycnospora.

sharply acuminate, striate, persistent, lflts. 9-15, usually alter-
nate, shortly stalked, oval-oblong, rounded at both ends,
apiculate, glabrous, pale beneath; fl. few, rather small,
nodding on slender, hispid ped., about 3 in small hispid and
glandular racemes, much shorter than |.; cal. somewhat hispid-
glandular, or nearly glabrous, segm. acute; pod 1-2 in., long-
stalked, moniliform, beaked, much contracted between the
oblong-ovoid joints, joints 1-4 longitudinally striate, muri-
culate and viscous with glands.

Dry region, rather common. Anuradhapura; Kekirawa; Tissa-
maharama; Bibile. Moon’s locality is Matale; there are specimens from
him in Herb. Mus. Brit., collected in 1819. FI. Dec.-April; dull yellow.

Also in Peninsular India, Siam, Philippines, Polynesia, and Trop.
Africa.

A form with a very prickly pod was collected at Vigitapura, near
Kalawewa Tank.

15. ELELOTIS, DC.

Annual, 1. 1-foliolate; fl. minute, in long axillary racemes;
cal.-segm. long, setaceous; keel-pet. adherent to wing-pet.;
stam. diadelphous, anth. uniform; pod of a single boat-shaped
membranous joint, 1-seeded.—Monotypic.

&. sororia, DC. Prod. ii. 348 (1825).
Thw. Enum. 412. C. P. 3765.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 153. Burm. FI. Ind. t. 50, f. 2 (Glycine monophylla).

A prostrate annual, stems long, slender, triquetrous,
glabrous, very slightly winged at the angles; 1. simple, Ifit.
small, rounded, much broader than long, deeply emarginate,
glabrous above, hairy beneath, with two minute stipelle at
base; petiole 4-2 in., stip. triangular, acute, striate, mem-
branous; fl. shortly stalked, in numerous very long, filiform,
pubescent, trailing axillary racemes; pod very small, of 1 joint
zin. long, compressed, boat-shaped, glabrous, veined.

Moist low country; very rare. Only collected near Colombo by
Ferguson in 1862; but probably overlooked elsewhere.

Also in Peninsular India.

I have but little material for description.

16. PYCNOSPORA, ?. Lr.

Perennial, semi-shrubby, |. pinnately 3-foliolate; fl. small,
in terminal racemes; cal. very deeply cut, upper segm. con-
nate, lower longer; keel-pet. obtuse; stam. diadelphous, anth.

Pseudarthria.] Leguminose. Al

uniform; pod ovoid, not jointed, several-seeded, without
partitions.—Monotypic.

P. hedysaroides, 47. 7x W. and A. Prod. 197 (1834).

Flemingia polysperma, Moon Cat. 54 (?). &. nervosa, W. and A,,
Thw. Enum. 92. C. P. 279.

BE B. Ind. 1.153.

Perennial, with a woody base and numerous slender
prostrate or ascending stems with adpressed pubescence;
l-rachis about } in., stip. lanceolate, long-acuminate, hairy,
deciduous, lfits. shortly stalked, with filiform stipels, }-1 in.,
the terminal the largest, obovate-oval, obtuse at base, rounded
at apex, pubescent on both sides, especially beneath, which is
paler and with prominent veins; fl. small, on slender ped., in
lax, narrow, erect, terminal racemes, bracts ovate, strongly
acuminate, densely silky, falling before buds open; cal. hairy,
segm. acuminate; pod small, }-in., ovoid, straight along
dorsal side, turgid, apiculate, glabrous, veined, dark brown;
6—10-seeded.

Low country and up to 4ooo ft.; rather common, abundant in the
lower hills of Uva; absent in much of the dry region. Fl. Feb.—May,
pale purplish.

Also in India, China, Philippines, and North Australia.

17, PSEUDARTHRIA, VW. and A.

Herbaceous, |. pinnately 3-foliolate; fl. in elongated race-
mose panicles; cal. minute, upper segm. shorter, subconnate;
keel-pet. obtuse; stam. diadelphous, anth. uniform; pod
linear-oblong, compressed, indehiscent, 4-6-seeded, without
partitions, not jointed.—Sp. 5; 1 in FZ. B. Ind.

Scarcely distinct from Desmodium.

PR. viscida, WV. and A. Prod. 209 (1834). Gas-gonika, 5S.

Herm. Mus. 36. Burm. Thes. 187. Fl. Zeyl. n. 295. Hedysarum
viscidum, L. Sp. Pl. 747. Glycine viscida, Willd., Moon Cat. 53; Thw.
Enum. 87. C. P. 1432.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 154. Burm. Thes. t. 84, f. 1. Wight, Ic. t. 286.

A large perennial (?) herb, 2-4 ft., erect, with numerous,
more or less hairy branches; |. long-stalked, rachis 2-4 in.,
pubescent or hairy, stip. linear, Iflts, on short stalks, stipellate,
the terminal 2—3}4in., the lateral 1-24in. and somewhat un-
equal-sided, all rhomboid-oval, acute, pubescent above, densely
white-silky beneath; fl. small, very numerous, on slender,
spreading ped., arranged in fascicles on numerous lax, elon-
gated and axillary racemes or panicles, bracts acicular, shorter

42 Leguminose. [ Uraria.

than ped.; cal. hairy, segm. acute; pod linear-oblong, about
2in., truncate, apiculate, strongly compressed, flat, viscous-
pubescent, ie: seeded, slightly indented along the edges
between the seeds.

Moist low country to 3000 ft.,a common weed. FI. Jan., Feb.; bright
pink.

Also in Peninsular India and Timor.

The flat viscid pods attach themselves to clothing or animals, and are
thus transferred to other places.

18. URARIA, Desv.

Semi-shrubby perennials, 1. imparipinnate, sometimes I-
foliolate; fl. numerous, in long terminal racemes; cal. very
deeply cleft, segm. nearly equal or lower longer; keel-pet.
obtuse; stam. diadelphous, anth. uniform; pod composed of
2-7 very small, indehiscent, 1-seeded joints, usually folded
face to face on one another.—Sp. 8; all in FZ B. Lnd.

Leaflets 5-7, linear . ; i ‘ : : . UU PIGEs
Leaflets 1-3, broadly oval : : : : 5 . 2. U. HAMOSA.

I. U. picta, Desy. Journ. Bot. iii, 123 (1813).

Ghw.Enume 5.) 9251437.

FL B. Ind. ii. 155.

A small erect, semi-shrubby perennial, stem slightly
branched, harshly pubescent; 1. rather large, rachis 3-5 in., pu-
bescent, stip. $—-} in., triangular, acuminate, striate, lflts. 5-7 (2
or 3 pair and end one), very shortly stalked, with filiform stipels,
24-4 in., linear, rounded at base, slightly tapering to acute
apex, glabrous above, and usually mottled with white along
both sides of midrib, scabrous-pubescent, paler and with pro-
minent veins beneath; fl. small, on hispid ped., arranged in
fascicles in a dense, erect, spicate raceme 6-Qin. long, bracts
large, lanceolate, acuminate, striate, strongly ciliate, completely
concealing the buds but soon falling; cal.-segm. plumose with
long hair, lower acuminate; pod of 2-4 ovoid, turgid, white,
polished, seed-like joints.

Dry region in grassy places; ratherrare. Mineri and Topare Tanks;
Kalawewa; Batticaloa district; near Bibile. Fl. Dec., March.

Also in India, Malay Is., Philippines, and Trop. Africa.

In fruit the pedicels are stiffly curved upwards and inwards, so that

the pods are in contact with the rachis, and the persistent calyx-segm.
become rigid.

[U. crinita, Desv. is given for Ceylon in FI. B. Ind. It is only here
under cultivation in gardens. ]

Alyssicarpus.] Leguminose. 43

2. U. hamosa, Wall. Caz. n. 5681 B. (1828).

Thw. Enum. 85. C.P. 3590.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 156. Wight, Ic. t. 284.

A small semi-shrubby perennial with slightly pubescent
branches ; |.-rachis about I in., hairy, stip. acuminate, hairy,
Ifits. I or 3, the terminal 2-33 in., the lateral (when present)
much smaller, all stipellate, shortly stalked, broadly oblong-
oval or subrotund, nearly glabrous above, paler and silky with
prominent veins beneath ; fl. smal], on shaggy ped., arranged
in very lax, elongated, spicate, terminal racemes, bracts ovate,
acuminate, woolly; cal. pubescent, lower segm. not elongated ;
pod of 4-7 flattened, glabrous, slightly wrinkled, greyish-
brown joints.

Low country; rare. Badulla; Nilgala; Gampola. FI]. Feb., March.
Also in India, Burma, and the Malay Archipelago.

19. ALYSSICARPUWUS, Weck.

Annual, semi-woody at base with many wiry diffuse stems;
|. 1-foliolate, thick, with large scarious stip., fl. in leaf-opposed
or terminal racemes or spikes ; cal. deeply cleft with narrow
glumaceous segm.; keel-pet. obtuse, adnate to wings ; stam.
diadelphous, anth. uniform, pod turgid, cylindrical, usually
moniliform, composed of few indehiscent 1I-seeded joints.—
Sp. 15; 9 in FZ. B. Ind.

Pod pubescent, moniliform . : : . I. A. MONILIFER.
Pod glabrous, or very nearly so.
Pod not at all moniliform . ; 3 . 2. A. VAGINALIS.

Pod more or less moniliform.

oints quite even : . A. BUPLEURIFOLIUS.
pees h 3
oints reticulate-veined . A. LONGIFOLIUS.
. ; 4
Joints transversely ribbed . 5. A. RUGOSUS.

1. A. monilifer, DC. Prod. ii. 353 (1825).

Hledysarum moniliferum, L., Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 412.
C. P. 3613.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 157 (not given for Ceylon). Burm. FI. Ind. t. 52, f. 3.

Stems numerous, slender, prostrate, much branched, spar-
ingly clothed with spreading deciduous bristly hair, 1. small,
Z-2 in., on petiole about half as long, broadly oval, often cor-
date at base, very obtuse, glabrous above, paler, with promi-
nent venation and slightly bristly on the veins beneath, stip.
long, membranous, very acute; fl. shortly stalked, about
4-10 in rather close, erect, shortly pedunculate racemes ; cal.
with scattered bristles, segm. very narrow ; pod. erect, monili-

44 Leguminose. [Alyssicarpus.

form, with 2-6 turgid, globose joints, pubescent, not reticulate,
cal. a little longer than lowest joint.

Low country; rare. Colombo (Ferguson); Trincomalie (Glenie) ;
Maturata (Moon).

Also in India, Burma, and Abyssinia.

I have not met with this.

2. A. vaginalis, DC. Prod. ii. 353 (1825). Aswenna, S.

Burm. Thes. 104. Fl. Zeyl. n. 287. AHedysarum vaginale, L. Sp.
Pl. ie Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 87. C.P. 1428.

PE Bind i153) Burm hes. t240, 1.

Stems numerous, long, 2-4 ft., ascending, branched, wiry,
glabrous, often rooting at base; |. variable, 4-2 in., on petioles
about a third as long, varying from linear-lanceolate to
broadly oval, often cordate at base, acute, apiculate, glabrous
above, whitish with adpressed hair and reticulately veined
beneath, stip. scarious, as long as petiole, closely pressed to
stem, very acuminate straw-coloured, persistent; fl. very
shortly stalked, clustered, racemes short on short peduncles ;
cal. slightly pilescens segm. setaceous, with a few long
bristly hairs ; pod 4—# in. of 4-7 joints, erect, cylindrical not
moniliform, apiculate, glabrous or nearly so, reticulate-venose,
cal. nearly as long as two lowest joints.

Low country; common, especially in the dry region. Fl. Dec.,
January; pinkish violet.

Throughout the Tropics of the Old World.

The habit is just that of Polygonum aviculare of Europe. A common
form with short rounded leaves is A. xummularifolius, DC., to which
has been erroneously referred Hedysarum nummularifolium, L. (for which

see Indigofera echinata). Another form collected at Nilgala, in Uva: has
very rigid linear leaves and a more shrubby habit.

3. A. bupleurifolius, DC. Prod. ii. 352 (1825). Mutiraivali, 7.
Thw. Enum. 87. C. P. 1427.
PS BainG ai t5o. ikoxbs Corelatastone

Stems long, 1-3 ft., stiff, wiry, nearly glabrous with long
internodes ; |. linear but varying to oblong or even broadly
oval below, very shortly stalked, acute, rigid, glabrous on both
sides, stip. thin, chaffy, soon falling; fl. on very short ped.,
usually 2 together, distantly placed, racemes very long, erect,
rigid, lax, spicate ; cal.-segm. lanceolate, acute, ciliate, much
imbricated ; pod shortly stalked, 4-2 in., of 3-6 readily sepa-
rating joints, very slightly moniliform, strongly apiculate,
glabrous, without reticulations, cal. as long as lowest joint.

Dry country; rare (?). Batticaloa; Bintenne; Mannar. Fl. Dec.,
Jan.; pink.

Throughout the E. Tropics, also in China and Mauritius.

Desmodium.]| MB egu MLNOSE. 45

In the Mannar District the seeds are eaten as a grain, and have the
same name as Panicum frumentaceum.

4. A. longifolius, W. and A. Prod. 233 (1834).

HhweEnums 412) Gy PY 3812.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 158 (not given for Ceylon). Wight, Ic. t. 251.

Stems stout, ascending, 4-5 ft. glabrous; 1. on short
petioles, 14-2 in., lanceolate-oblong, slightly cordate at base,
obtuse, glabrous on both sides, stip. as long as petiole; fl.
numerous, on short hairy erect ped., racemes rather dense,
very long, spicate, bracts very conspicuous, concealing buds,
ovate, acuminate, silky, falling before fl. open; cal. hairy,
segm. oblong, acute, ciliate ; pod. 3-4 in., very shortly stalked,
terete-compressed, strongly apiculate, of 3-6 joints, slightly
moniliform, puberulous, reticulate-veined, cal. as long as 2
lowest joints.

Low country; very rare (?). Near Colombo (Ferguson).
Throughout Peninsular India.

5. A. rugosus, DC. Prod. ii. 353 (1825).

A. scariosus, Grah., Thw. Enum. 88. C. P. 3589.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 150.

Branches erect or prostrate, rather stout, more or less
covered with spreading bristly hairs ; 1. small, on short hairy
petioles, 4-1 in., varying from broadly oval to oblong or
oblong-linear, somewhat cordate at base, obtuse, apiculate,
glabrous above, slightly bristly beneath, stip. longer than petioles,
acute, glabrous ; fl. nearly sessile, densely crowded in short
nearly sessile heads or spikes, bracts large, chaffy, acuminate,
strongly ciliate, persistent; cal.-segm. lanceolate, acute,
strongly ciliate ; pod short, stalked, of 2—5 joints, moniliform,
turgid, glabrous, strongly transversely ribbed, nearly all
included in cal.

Var. 8B, Heyneanus, Laker. A. Heyneanus, Wight, Thw. Enum. 88.

Much larger, more hairy, especially |. beneath; fl. in longer
spikes.

Low country, in the dry region; rare. Mineri Tank; Mantai, &c., in
the Mannar Dist. abundant. Var. 8, Colombo (Ferguson). Fl. Feb.,
March; bright dark pink, with the standard yellow, conspicuous.

Also throughout the Tropics of the Old World, and in W. Indies and
S. Africa.

Our plant as usually met with is very dwarf and stunted, and is var. 2
Slyractfolius of F1. B. Ind.

20. DESMODIUM, Lesv.

Small shrubs or perennial herbs, |. 3- or 1-foliolate, Ifits.
shortly stalked, stipellate, fl. small, usually in lax axillary or

46 Leguminose. [Desmodium.

terminal racemes or panicles; cal. campanulate or cup-shaped,
segm. usually nearly equal, upper often more or less connate ;
keel-pet. obtuse, stam. diadelphous ; style curved upwards ;
pod much compressed, composed of several 1-seeded joints,
usually indehiscent (very rarely opening along ventral suture).
—Sp. 120; 49 in FZ. B. Ind.

Joints of pod well marked, as long as or longer than broad (except
sometimes No. 6).
Joints indehiscent.
Stems more or less erect.
FI. in axillary umbels or heads (Dendrolobium).
Branches cylindrical, Iflts. obtuse . I. D. UMBELLATUM.
Branches triquetrous, lflts. acute . 2. D. CEPHALOTES.
Fl. in terminal or axillary racemes.
Each cluster of fl. concealed between
a pair of roundish Ifits. (Pyllodium) 3. D. PULCHELLUM.
Fl. not concealed.
Pod under 3 in., of 2 joints (Dicerma) 4. D. BIARTICULATUM.
Pod over 3 in.
Branches triquetrous, |. 1-foliolate
(Pteroloma) ‘ : . 6. D. TRIQUETRUM.
Branches not triquetrous.
Joints at least twice as long as
broad.
Pod 3-4 in., joints 5 times as
long as broad . : 7. D. ORMOCARPOIDES.
Pod 2-3 in., joints 24 times as
long as broad (Catenarza). 5. D. LABURNIFOLIUM.
Pod 1-13 in., joints twice as
long as broad.
Pod long-stalked, joints

obliquely truncate . . 8. D. GARDNERI.
Pod sessile, joints semi- :
circular . : . 12. D. THWAITESIHL.
Joints less than twice as long as
broad.
Pod shortly stalked , - 9, D. SCALPE:

Pod sessile.
L. 1-foliolate.
Lflt. broad-oval, acute . 10. D. GANGETICUM.
Lfit. ovate-deltoid, obtuse 11. D. LATIFOLIUM.
L. 3-foliolate.
Bracts small, setaceous . 13. D. WIGHTII.
Bracts large, ovate or
lanceolate.
Pod of 5-8 joints in-
dented on ventral

margin.
Pods spreading . 14. D. RUFESCENS.
Pods erect : . 15. D. HETEROCARPUM.

Pod of 3 or 4 joints,
not indented- . . 16. D. JUCUNDUM.

Desmodium. | ib egum 2720S. 47

Stems numerous, prostrate, slender.
Fl. all axillary, without a peduncle . 17. D. TRIFLORUM.
Some fl. ona peduncle . : . 18. D. HETEROPHYLLUM.
Joints dehiscent; stems prostrate, slender . 19. D. PARVIFLORUM.
Joints of pod inconspicuous, shorter than broad,

dehiscent.
Pod very slightly hairy . : : a . 20. D. GYRANS.
Pod with long shaggy hair . : : . 21. D. GYROIDES.

I. D. umbellatum, DC. Prod. ii. 325 (1825).

Herm. Mus. 21. Burm. Thes. 115. Fl. Zeyl. n. 293. Hedysarum
umbellatum, Sp. Pl. 747; Moon Cat. 54. Dendrolobium umbellatum,
Benth., Thw. Enum. 86. C. P. 1436.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 161. Burm. Thes. t. 51.

A shrub, 5-6 ft., much branched, young parts with dense,
adpressed pubescence ; 1. 3-foliolate, rachis 1-14 in. downy,
stip. small, acicular, quickly falling, Iflts. 14-3 in. (the terminal
much the largest) on short silky stalks, oval, obtuse at both
ends, glabrous above, pubescent and whitish beneath, lat. veins
prominent, parallel, curved, running to margin; fl. on silky
ped. as long as or longer than cal., about 4-10 m stalked axil-
lary umbels, peduncles 4-1 in.; cal. densely silky; pod
1-14 in., slightly curved, of 3-6 broadly oblong joints, slightly
indented between each, reticulate-veined, adpressed-hairy.

Low country; common. :
Also in Burma, Malaya, Polynesia, and the Mascarene Is.

2. D. Cephalotes, Wall. Cat. n. 5721 (1828).
Dendrolobium Cephatotes, Benth. Thw. Enum. 86. C. P. 2780.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 161. Wight, Ic. tt. 373 and 209 (D. congestum).

A shrub, 4-5 ft., branches ascending, acutely triangular,
densely adpressed-silky; 1. 3-foliolate,rachis #-1+in., triquetrous,
channelled above, stip. lanceolate, bristle-pointed, glabrous,
persistent, lflts. shortly stalked, with filiform conspicuous
stipels, 2-34 in. (terminal one rather the larger), very acute,
glabrous above, silky and white beneath when young, veins
conspicuous beneath, parallel, reaching to margin; fl. very
numerous, very shortly stalked, densely crowded in roundish
axillary heads, peduncle very short 4-} in., cal. densely
white-silky ; pod #-1 in., slightly curved, of 3-6 joints which
are as broad as long, indented between the joints, slightly
pubescent.

Low country up to 3000 ft.; very common. FI. Jan.; bright red.

Also in India, Malaya, and China.

48 Leguminosae. (Desmodium.

3. D. pulchellum, Benth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 162 (1876). Ham-
pilla, S.

Herm. Mus. 36, 58. Burm. Thes. 116. FI. Zeyl. n. 292. Aedysarum
pulchellum, L. Sp. Pl. 747; Moon Cat. 54. Phyllodium pulchellum, Desv.,
Thw. Enum. 86. C. P. 1270.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 162. Burm. Thes. t. 52. Wight, Ic. t. 418.

A small shrub about 4 ft., branches numerous, pubescent ;
1. 3-foliolate, rachis short, about I in., pubescent, stip. small,
acuminate, lfits. shortly stalked, the terminal nearly twice as
large as the lat. ones, oblong-lanceolate, rounded at base, sub-
acute or obtuse at apex, repand or undulate at margin, nearly
glabrous above, densely silky-pubescent and pale beneath ;
fl. small on short ped., arranged in clusters of 3 or 4 in long
erect terminal and axillary inflor., each cluster entirely con-
cealed by a pair of rotundate Iflts. ( bracts’) placed back to
back on a very short common petiole and persistent ; cal.
pubescent; pod small, 2in., joints 2, a little longer than broad,
glabrous, reticulate-veined.

Low country up to 3000 ft.; common, especially in the dry region.
Fl. March.

Also in India, Malaya, and China.

The Iflts. enclosing the little umbels of flowers and fruit are obviously
the lateral ones of the ordinary foliage leaves modified; the large terminal
Iflt. is suppressed, but when young the rachis is present as a long-pointed
bristle.

Hermann gives ‘ Palzghas’ as the S. name for this.

4. D. biarticulatum, Genth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 163 (1876).

Herm. Mus. 5, 31. Burm. Thes. 114. FI. Zeyl. n. 296. Hedysarum
biarticulatum, L. Sp. Pl. 747. Moon Cat. 54. Dicerma biarticulatum
DC., Thw. Enum. 86. C. P. 1450.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 163. Burm. Thes. t. 50, f. 2. Wight, Ic. t. 419.

A small spreading shrub, with slender elongated branches
covered with adpressed silky hair ; 1. small, 3-foliolate, rachis
4-{ in., hairy, stip. connate at back, laciniate, striate, glabrous,
brown, Iflts. on very short hairy stalks, oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, minutely apiculate, conduplicate, glabrous above, more
or less silky beneath ; fl. on very short ped., in small clusters,
laxly arranged in a long, narrow, spicate, terminal raceme,
bracts small, setaceous ; cal.-segm. longer than tube, slightly
silky ; pod small, 2 in., of 2 rounded joints, very deeply in-
dented between them, strongly pubescent.

Low country; common, especially in the dry region. Fl. Jan.—March.
Also in India, Burma, Malay Islands, and N. Australia.

5. D. laburnifolium, DC. Prod. ii. 337 (1825).

D. cateniferum, Arn. Pug. 13. Catenaria laburndtfolia, Benth., Thw.
Enum. 86. C. P. 1435.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 163.

Desmodium.) Leguminose.
as 49

A slender shrub with nearly glabrous branches, |. 3-folio-
late, rachis 14~13 in., channelled, nearly glabrous, stip. small,
acuminate, lfits. 3-4 in. (the terminal rather the largest),
lanceolate, acute, glabrous above, very slightly pubescent
beneath, stiff ; fl. medium-sized, on slender spreading ped.a
little longer than cal., racemes slender, axillary, about as long
as l., bracts setaceous ; cal. slightly pilose, the lowest segm.
much the longest ; pod 2-2? in., linear, indented between the
joints, joints 3-6, more than twice as long as broad, rough with
minute hooked hairs.

Upper zone of moist low country, rather common (?). Hantane;

Dolosbagie. Fl. Dec. h
Also in E. Bengal, Malay Is., China, and Japan.

6. D. triquetrum, DC. Prod. ii. 326 (1825). Baloliya, S.

Herm. Mus. 35. Burm. Thes. 176. Fl. Zeyl.n. 286. Hedysarum
triguetrum, L. Sp. Pl. 746. Moon Cat. 54. Péteroloma triquetrum,
Benth., Thw. Enum. 86. C. P. 1431.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 163. Burm. Thes. t. 81 (leaves only).

An erect shrub, branches few, erect, triquetrous, glabrous
or hairy on the angles only; 1. 1-foliolate, petiole 3-1} in.,
leaflike, with a broad wing on either side, stip. 4-2 in., erect,
lanceolate-linear, very acute, glabrous, brown, Ifit. variable in
size, 3-6 in. (the uppermost ones often smaller), linear-
lanceolate (the uppermost almost linear), subcordate at base,
gradually tapering to acute apex, glabrous above, hairy on
midrib beneath ; fl. small, on short slender ped., 1-3 in a
cluster, arranged rather laxly in slender, erect, spike-like
terminal and axillary racemes 6-12 in. long, bracts setaceous;
cal. with few bristly hairs; pod about 1 in., erect, linear-
oblong with 4-7 joints, continuous and scarcely indented
joints as broad as or broader than long, hairy.

Moist low country up to 3000 ft.; very common. FI. Sept.; bright
violet, often white.

Also in India, Burma, China, Philippine and Seychelle Is.

Burmann’s figure was made from a living plant in the Amsterdam
Hortus Medicus, grown from seed sent from Ceylon by Hartog.

7. D. ormocarpoides, DC. Prod. ii. 327 (1825).

Thw. Enum. 87, 441. C. P. 3812.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 164.

A small slender under-shrub, the stem procumbent and
rooting at the base, branches hairy; 1. 1-foliolate, striate,
glabrous, 3-4 in., ovate, somewhat acuminate, mucronate,
rounded at base, somewhat crenate at margin, glabrous above,
paler and silky-pubescent especially on veins beneath, petiole
4—4 in., stip. acuminate, stipels filiform, conspicuous ; fl. few,

PART II. E

50 Leg UNULNOSE. [_ Desmodium.

on filiform spreading ped., much longer than cal., in very lax
terminal racemes, bracts small; cal. slightly hairy; pod 3-4 in.
long, spreading or pendulous, linear, somewhat curved, dis-
tinctly constricted between the joints, joints 4—6, five times as.
long as broad, longitudinally striate, densely covered with
minute hooked hairs.

Montane zone; very rare. Matale East (Thwaites). F1. June; pale

violet.
Also in the hills of S. India.

68. D. Gardneri, Benth. Pl. Jungh. 226 (1853).
’ D. podocarpum, Thw. Enum. 87 (non DC.). C. P. 1434.
FI. B. Ind. ii. 165.

A slender, slightly branched, erect perennial, 14-3 ft.,
woody at the base, stem angled, slightly hairy, purplish; 1.
large, mostly from the base of stem, 3-foliolate, rachis long,
2-6 in., stip. acute, striate, glabrous, lflts. 2-5 in. (the terminal
the largest), ovate, acuminate, obtuse, glabrous on both sides,
the lat. nes meually unequal-sided ; fl. medium-sized, on
slender ped. 3-2 in. long, in small clusters of BVOr IA distantly
placed ona nee erect terminal raceme or panicle much ex-
ceeding the 1.; cal. cup-shaped, segm. very short and broad ;
pod on a stalk 4-2 in. long, joints 1-3, about 4 in. long, each
one bent down at right angles with the last or with the stalk,
wider at the end which is rounded and obliquely truncate,
tapering to very narrow base, finely hairy.

Moist region; 1000-4000 ft.in shady places; rather common. Matale;
Hantane; Ramboda; Hunasgiria; Rangala; Nitre Cave. FI. April,
Sept., Oct.; pinkish white.

Also i in ics India and in Japan.
A pretty and curious plant; very distinct from our other species.

g. D. Scalpe, DC. Prod. ii. 334 (1825).
D. strangulatum, W. and A., Thw. Enum. 87. C. P. 1433.
FI. B. Ind. ii. 165. Wight, Ic. t. 985 (D. strangulatum).

A slender, erect perennial, woody at base, stem slightly
angled, pubescent, |. 3-foliolate, spreading, rachis 14-24 in.,
hairy, stip. large 4-% in., persistent, brown, Iflts. 14-24 in.,
owate, rounded at base, acute, slightly hairy above, densely
and finely pubescent beneath, the terminal one rather larger
and somewhat rhomboidal; fl. rather large on slender as-
cending ped. 1-14 in. long, arranged in pairs on branches of
very lax slender pubescent terminal panicles much over-
topping the 1, bracts small, ovate, caducous; cal. hairy,
deeply cut, segm. acuminate; pod very shortly stalked,
nearly straight, straight on dorsal, deeply indented on ventral

Desmodium.) Leg UMLNOSCE. 51

margin, joints 3 or 4, boat-shaped, 14 as long as broad, finely
pubescent.

Montane zone; rather common. F/I. Oct._Jan.; salmon-red or pale
orange.

Also in S. India, Malay Is., Mascarene Is., and Trop. Africa.

A graceful plant, worth cultivation for the peculiar colour of its flowers.

Io. D. gangeticum, DC. Prod. ii. 327 (1825).

Burm. Thes. 113. Medysarum gangeticum, L. Sp. Pl. 746. Thw.
Enum. 411. C. P. 3813.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 168. Burm. Thes. t. 49, f. 2. Wight, Ic. tt. 271 and
(D. latifolium) 272 (not 270).

A slender under-shrub, stems cylindrical, nearly glabrous,
young parts hairy; 1. 1-foliolate, petiole long, #-14 in., hairy,
stip. setaceous, lfit. broadly oval or rotundate, rounded at base,
subacute, glabrous above, silky and whitish beneath; fl. very
small, on short erect hairy ped. in lax erect terminal spicate
racemes, bracts setaceous; cal. hairy, segm. lanceolate; pod
small, 4-1 in., usually somewhat curved, nearly straight on
dorsal, very deeply indented on ventral margin, joints 4-8, as
broad as long, rounded on ventral margin, set with minute
hooked hairs.

Montane zone, apparently very rare, but probably overlooked. Matale

East (Thwaites). Fl. May.
Throughout Trop. Asia and Africa, &c.

11. D. latifolium, DC. Prod. ii. 327 (1825).
Thw. Enum. 87. C. P. 3588.
FI. B. Ind. ii. 168. Wight, Ic. t. 270 (not 272). Bot. Reg. t. 355.

A small shrub, 3-5 ft., branches densely velvety-pubescent,
1. 1-foliolate, petiole short, about } in., stip. broad, suddenly
acuminate, lfit. 24-3 in., deltoid-ovate, truncate or subcordate
at base, obtuse or subacute, repand at margin, finely hairy
above, densely velvety beneath; fl. small, numerous, on ped.
shorter than cal., rather crowded on the branches of copious
axillary and terminal ascending panicles; cal. hairy, segm.
linear-lanceolate ; pod about # in., straight, slightly indented on
dorsal, much more so on ventral margin, joints 4-6, as long as
broad, hairy.

Dry region; rather rare. Bibile; Mineri. There are also specimens
labelled Matale East, probably from the low country. Fl. Feb., June,
August; bright red-purple.

Throughout the Tropics of the Old World.

12, D. Thwaitesii, Laker in Fi. B. Ind. ii. 169 (1876).
D. strangulatum, var. minor, Thw. Enum. 87. C. P. 3327.
Fl. B. Ind. ti. 169.

52 Leguminose. [Desmodium.

A very small perennial, slightly woody at base; stem
prostrate and rooting at base, scarcely branched, very hairy;
1, 3-foliolate, rachis #-14 in. hairy, stip. narrow, very
acuminate, with long white hairs, lflts. small ?-14 in., oval,
obtuse or subacute, nearly glabrous above, pale with silky
hair beneath, the terminal one the largest; fl. few, very small,
on slender ascending ped. 4 in. long, in pairs in slender, erect,
very lax, terminal racemes, bracts caducous; cal. nearly
glabrous, segm. lanceolate, acute; pod ?-1 in., straight, scarcely
indented along dorsal, much so along ventral edge, joints 2-4,
twice as long as broad, semicircular, covered with fine hooked
hairs.

Lower montane zone; rare. Ambagamuwa. FI. Oct., Nov.

Endemic.

This appears to be closely allied to D. Scalfe, of which Thwaites,
indeed, considered it a variety.

13. D. Wightii, Grak. in Wall. Cat. n. 5718 (1828).

D. Walkeri, Arn. Pug. 13. Thw. Enum. 87. C. P. 31209.

Bly B. Ind. it, 169:

A tall perennial herb, 2-4 ft., branches slender, striate,
slightly hairy; 1. 3-foliolate, rachis 14-2} in., stip. setaceous,
soon falling, lfits. 2-34 in., lanceolate-oval, obtuse or subacute,
mucronate, somewhat undulate at margin, glabrous or slightly
hairy above, finely silky beneath; fl. small, on very slender
ped. 2-4 times as long as cal., in pairs in very lax narrow,
elongated, spicate, terminal and axillary racemes, bracts
setaceous as long as ped., conspicuous; cal. very hairy, segm.
lanceolate, acute; pod rather under 1 in., slender slightly
falcately curved, scarcely indented on dorsal, deeply so on
ventral edge, joints 6 or 7, as broad as long, transversely
wrinkled, slightly rough with minute bristles.

Low country; very common. Fl. Jan.—April.

Also in S. India.

D. Watkeri, Arn. (founded on specimens of Walker’s n. 205) seems to
be merely a sub-glabrous state; but C. P. 2973, referred to this by Thw.
(1. c. 87), is D. cajanefolium DC.—an introduced weed in the Bot.
Gardens, and a Tropical American species. To this also, or to the
closely allied D. /ecocarfpum, Don, of Brazil, is to be referred C. P. 3544
(from Maturata) given by Thwaites (l.c. 411) as Hedysarum mucronatum,
Bl., no doubt also an introduction.

D. diffusum, DC. Another weed in the Peradeniya Gardens and
round about appears to be this common Indian species.

14. D. rufescens, DC. Prod. ii. 335 (1825).
D. ferrugineum, Wall., Thw. Enum. 87. C. P. 1426.
BIS Belinda 1 Wwacht let mcutOoAs

Desmodium. Leruminose. a2
: 58)

An erect much-branched under-shrub, branches terete or
nearly so, densely clothed with short spreading yellow or
orange hair; |. 3-foliolate, rachis 1-14 in., pilose, stip. quickly
caducous, lflts. 1-2 in., obovate, rounded, truncate or retuse at
apex, strongly mucronate, glabrous above, densely silky and
silvery beneath; fl. large on erect hairy ped. longer than cal.,
in rather dense terminal and axillary racemes, bracts large,
ovate, acuminate, very silky, soon falling; cal. puberulous,
segm. lanceolate, acute, ciliate; pod 1-14in., linear, falcately
curved, not at all indented on dorsal and only slightly so on
ventral margin, joints 5-8, longer than broad, slightly
pubescent.

Moist region up to 4ooo ft.; common. Fl. Jan.-April; bright purple.

Also in S. India.

The young spikes are completely covered by the large overlapping
bracts. Varies very much in amount of hairiness, sometimes almost
glabrous. Occasionally cultivated for its pretty flowers.

[D. capitatum, DC. Given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 171, on
authority of the younger Burman. That author, however (FI. Ind. 167),
does not give Ceylon as a locality, but merely quotes as a synonym a
name in Burm. Thes. 115. This from the citation of Hermann given is
only a variety of D. heterocarpum. But the plant is likely enough to
occur here. ]

15. D. heterocarpum, DC. Prod. ii. 337 (1825). Et-undu-
DPiyali, S.

Herm. Mus. 22. Burm. Thes. 117. FI. Zeyl. n. 294. Hedysarum
heterocarpum, L. Sp. Pl. 747; Moon Cat. 54. D. polycarpum, DC., Thw.
Enum. 86. C. P. 1425.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 171. Burm. Thes. t. 53 f. 1. Wight, Ic. t. 406 (D. foly-
carpumy). ,

A suberect perennial, somewhat woody and often rooting
below, branches very numerous, elongated, cylindrical, finely
downy with adpressed hair; 1. 3-foliolate, rachis 1-1} in., stip.
large, narrow, filiform-acuminate, persistent, Iflts. variable,
1—24 in., shortly stalked, lanceolate or oval, obtuse or subacute,
glabrous above, more or less silky with adpressed hair beneath,
stipels filiform, conspicuous; fl. rather small, on slender erect
ped. longer than cal., crowded in short, dense, erect, terminal
and axillary racemes, bracts large, lanceolate, very acuminate,
ciliate; cal. nearly glabrous; pods erect, crowded, about 1 in.,
straight, not indented on dorsal, moderately so on ventral
margin, joints 5-7, about as broad as long, with raised
reticulation, glabrous or hairy.

Var. B, trichocaulon, Laker in Fl. B. Ind.l.c. C. P. 3512.

Stem and branches with white spreading hair; racemes
more lax, bracts less acuminate; pods hairy.

54 Leguminose. [Desmodium.

Moist low country and lower montane zone; very common; var. 8 in
Maturata, Kalupahane, &c. Fl. May-Sept., Nov.; purple, sometimes
white.

Throughout the Eastern Tropics, China, and Japan.

As DC.’s two names are of the same date, | have preferred to maintain
that which preserves Linnzeus’s specificname. This specially belongs to
the Ceylon plant, though the peculiarity to which it refers, z.e., the lower
pods with only one joint, is by no means always or even often present.

16. D. jucundum, 7iw. Enum. 411 (1864). [PLATE XXVIII]
C. P. 3778.
TPH 183, revel, Tul, 9/724,

A shrub, 3 or 4 ft. high, branches stout, purplish, the
young shoots white with dense silky hair; 1. rather crowded,
3-foliolate, rachis 1-1} in. velvety, stip. ovate, acuminate
slightly silky, crimson, lfits. 1-2 in. (the terminal rather the
larger), oblong or obovate-oval, very obtuse, minutely mucro-
nate, glabrous above, white with a dense covering of silky
hair beneath and with very prominent lat. veins; fl. large on
slender erect ped., longer than cal., usually in pairs; arranged
in short, erect, pubescent, terminal racemes, bracts large, ovate,
acute, silky, red, soon falling; cal. nearly glabrous, segm. longer
than tube, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate; pod #—1 in.,
straight, shortly beaked, not at all indented on dorsal and
scarcely on ventral margin, joints 3 or 4, half as long again
as broad, faintly reticulate, slightly pilose.

Lower montane zone; very rare. Half way up Lagalla, Matale East;
first discovered by Mr. A. O. Brodie in Oct. 1862.

Fl. June, Sept., Oct.; rich mauve-purple.

Endemic.

A showy species, well suited for garden cultivation.

17. D. triflorum, DC. Prod. 334 (1825). Hin-undupiyali, S.

Herm. Mus. 2, 38. Burm. Thes. 118. Fl. Zeyl. n. 297. Hedysarum
triftorum, L. Sp. Pl. 747 (pro max. parte); Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum.
0; (Ca 1, 2/710)

BBs Inds 1737) Burm. dihes: t 54) fo) Wiehe lento

A very small perennial herb, with numerous long slender
prostrate branches rooting at the nodes, clothed with white
spreading hairs; 1. small, 3-foliolate (lower ones often 1-folio-
late), rachis under 4$in. stip. ovate, acuminate, persistent,
lfits. 4-2 in., broadly oval or obovate or obcordate, glabrous
above, slightly silky beneath; fl. very small, on long very
slender hairy ped., 1-5 (usually 3) together in the axils of L;
cal. with few bristly hairs, segm. long, setaceous; pod 4-4 in.,
nearly straight, not indented on dorsal, slightly so on ventral
margin, joints 2-4, as long as broad, reticulate, glabrous.

Desmodium. Leg umuwnose. 55

Low country up to 2000 ft. or more; very common. FI. June—Oct.;
bright purple.

Throughout the Tropics.

An abundant and valuable constituent of turf in Ceylon, standing
drought well. This and D. heterophyllum are used as a medicine in cases
of fever.

18. D. heterophyllum, DC. Prod. ii. 334 (1825). Maha-
undupiyali, S.

Burm. Thes. 118. Fl. Zeyl. n. 297 6. Hedysarum heterophyllum,
Willd., Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 86. C. P. 2778.

Peis ind. i. 175.) burm. Lhes. t.54, f 1. Wicht; Ie: t. 201.

A perennial herb, stems numerous, prostrate, slender,
rooting at lower nodes, densely covered with spreading hairs ;
1. 3-foliolate, rachis $—? in., hairy, stip. broadly lanceolate,
acute, ciliate, persistent, lfits. $-1 in. (term. one the largest),
oval or obovate-oval, rounded at both ends, glabrous above,
sparingly hairy beneath; fl.small, on very slender ped., 4-1 in.
long, 2-4 together, axillary racemose or umbellate, bracts
inconspicuous; cal. very hairy, segm. narrow, setaceous;
pod. ?-1 in. straight, not at all indented on dorsal, but
considerably so on ventral margin, joints 3-6, as broad as
long, faintly reticulate, slightly hairy.

Low country up to 2000ft.; very common. FI. pale purple.

Also throughout India and Malaya, and in China, the Philippines and
the Mascarene Is.

19. D. parvifolium, DC. Prod. ii. 334 (1825).

Thw. Enum. 68. C. P. 1429.

F]. B. Ind. i. 174.

A low under-shrub, with very numerous slender branches
trailing to a great length, with many short lateral twigs, when
young triangular, hairy; Il. very numerous, crowded, small,
3- (or often 1-) foliolate, rachis short, filiform, stip. linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, persistent, Iflts. }-}? in. (the terminal
much the largest), lanceolate or oval, obtuse or subacute,
mucronate, glabrous above, slightly hairy beneath; fl. very
small, on long, filiform, hairy ped., arranged in very lax
spreading racemes, which are axillary or terminal on the
lateral twigs, much exceeding l., bracts inconspicuous ; cal.
covered with long silky hairs, segm. long, setaceous ; pod
under 4} in., straight, indented on both margins, dehiscent
along ventral suture and everted, joints 1-4, roundish, about
as long as broad, rough with minute hairs.

Montane zone to over 7000 ft.; common in patana land. I have
wag seen it in the low country. Fl. Feb., April, September ; bright
JINK.

; Also in India, Malaya, China, and Japan.

56 UL eg UmunOse. [ Desmodium...

Each joint of the pod is completely: dehiscent along the ventral
suture, but the valves remain united along the dorsal margin and are-
stiffly everted.

20. D. gyrans, DC. Prod. ii. 326 (1825). Chanchala, 5S.
Fledysarum gyrans, L.f., Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. $7. C. P. 1430.
Fl. B. Ind. u. 174. Wight, Ic. t. 294.

An erect perennial, branches few, cylindrical, glabrous,
young shoots roughly pubescent; 1. 3- (often 1-) foliolate, rachis.
#1 in., glabrous, stip. linear-lanceolate, acuminate soon falling;
Iflts. on very short densely pubescent stalks, very unequal, ter-
minal one 2-3 in., drooping, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous.
above, silky-pubescent beneath, lat. ones about 4 in., broadly
linear, tapering to base; fl. of medium size, on short ped.
arranged in rather long, erect, lax, terminal and axillary
racemes, bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, glabrous, soon
falling ; cal. cup-shaped, nearly glabrous, segm. deltoid,
short, subacute ; pod 14-13 in., linear, slightly falcate, dehis-
cent along ventral suture which is slightly indented, slightly
rough with short scattered hair, joints 5-10, broader than
long, inconspicuous.

Moist and intermediate low country to 3000 ft.; rather rare. Han-
tane ; Galagama ; about Badulla, frequent. Moon’s locality is Dumbara
Fl. Feb.-April.; pale pink.

Throughout India, Malaya, and the Philippines.

This is the ‘Telegraph,’ or rather ‘Semaphore Plant,’ so named from.
the spontaneous jerky movements of the pair of small leaflets.

21. *D. gyroides, DC. Prod. ii. 326 (1825).
Thw. Enum. 87. C. P. 3326.
IM) 18), levels re W9/Is.

A shrub, 4-6 ft. high, twigs pubescent; |. 3- or more.
usually 1-foliolate, rachis #—1 in., slender, often deflexed, stip.
linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, terminal Iflt. 14-2 in., ob-
long-oval, rounded at both ends, glabrous above, slightly
pilose beneath, lat. ones 4-3? in.; fl. of moderate size, om
spreading hairy ped., crowded in short, pedunculate, terminal
or axillary racemes, bracts broadly ovate, apiculate, ciliate,
caducous; cal. campanulate, nearly glabrous, segm. short,
triangular, subacute ; pod 1-1} in., nearly straight, dehiscent.
along ventral suture which is very slightly indented, densely
shaggy with short fulvous hair, joints 5-9, broader than:
long.

Moist low country, probably introduced. Hantane (Hb. Perad.). L

have only seen it as a cultivated plant here. FI. April; purple.
Also in E. Bengal, Burma, and the Malay Islands.

Abrus.] Leguuinose.

On
N

21. ABRUS, J.

Twining perennials, 1. abruptly pinnate with deciduous
stipellate lfits., fl. on short swollen branchlets of axillary
racemose panicles; cal. small, campanulate, truncate ; keel-
pet. completely connate, slightly curved longer than wings
and standard; stam. 9 (tenth one absent), connate into a
tube split above, adnate at base to standard; style glabrous,
stigma capitate ; pod flat, oblong or linear, 3-9-seeded with
papery septa between the seeds.—Sp. 5; 3 in #2. B. Ind.

Infl. shorter than 1.; pod oblong . : : eA PRECATORIUS:
Infl. much longer than 1.; podlinear . ‘ 5 By deo PUY GIST EOSS

1. A. precatorius, Z. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 472 (1767). Olinda-
wel, S|. Kuntumani, 7.

Herm. Mus. 16. Burm. Thes.177. Fl. Zeyl. n. 284. Moon Cat. 52.
Thw. Enum. 91. C. P. 1466.

Pies. ine 1.175. Bentl. and Trim. Med. Pl. i. t. 77.

A perennial twiner, stems numerous, scarcely woody,
slender, glabrous, with long internodes; |. spreading, pinnate,
rachis 2-4 in., thickened at base, very slender, channelled,
nearly glabrous, stip. minute, setaceous, Ilflts. 20-24 (10-12
pair) or more, opposite, very shortly stalked, quickly de-
ciduous, about 2 in., oblong, obtuse at both ends, minutely
apiculate, glabrous above, slightly hairy beneath, thin; fl.
rather small, shortly stalked, several together on very short
swollen knob-like branches crowded at end of stout, curved,
swollen peduncles, usually shorter than 1|.; cal. glabrous or
very slightly silky ; pod. 14-1? in. by 4 in. wide, flat, oblong,
truncate, with a sharp deflexed beak, finely silky ; seeds 3-5,
rather over } in., ovoid, usually bright scarlet with a black
patch on top, polished.

: ail country ; common, especially in the dry region. Fl. Feb.; pale
violet.

Every Tropical country.

The pretty scarlet and black seeds are well known, and are used as
weights by jewellers. The flowers are sometimes white when the seeds
are of the same colour; there is also a form with the seeds wholly black.

The root is the well-known ‘Indian Liquorice,’ Glycyrrhiza indica of
the older writers, and is used both internally and externally in native
medicine. The seeds are an acrid poison unless cooked.

2. A. pulchellus, Wa/l/. Ca/. n. 5819.

Thw. Enum. 91. C.P. 1467.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 175.

Much like the last, but stems slightly hairy ; Iflts. 10-20
(5-10 pair), 1-1} in., narrowly oblong; fl. less crowded in

58 Leguminosae. [Dumasia.

more lax racemes with more elongated branches, and pe-
duncles much exceeding 1.; pods 2-24 in. by 2 in. broad,
linear, slightly curved upwards, shortly beaked, thinly hairy ;
seeds 9 or 10, oblong-ovoid, somewhat compressed, black.

Dry region; rather common. Fl. December—Feb.; pale violet.
Also in E. Bengal, Burma, Malay Islands, Trop. and S. Africa.

22, SHUTERIA,* W. and A.

Twiner, |. pinnately 3-foliolate, stipels conspicuous, f1.
in short racemes ; cal. tubular-campanulate, with short teeth ;
standard exceeding other pet.; stam. diadelphous; style
beardless, stigma capitate; pod linear, flat, slightly curved
upwards, with several seeds.——Sp. 5; 4 in Fl. B. Lud.

S. vestita, W. and A. Prod. 207 (1834).
Thw. Enum. 88. C. P. 661.

PIB. Inds ii 181) Wight, Ter t-1165:

Stems slender, twining, and branched, very hairy ; |.-rachis
14-24 in., hairy, stip. lanceolate, acute, ciliate, lflts. shortly
stalked, broadly oval or rhomboid-oval, 1-12 in., rounded at
both ends, apiculate, hairy on both sides, stipels long filiform ;
fl. small, on hairy ped., in erect axillary racemes shorter than
l., bracts lanceolate, hairy, persistent; cal. densely covered
with long hairs, teeth acuminate ; pod 1-1} in., linear, nearly
straight, compressed, thin, softly hairy ; seeds 5-7, ovoid, com-
pressed, brown.

Montane zone, 4000-7000 ft.; rather rare. N. Eliya; Maturata;

Ramboda; Passara. Fl. August, January.
Also in the Indian hills.

23. DUIMASTIA, DC.

Twining herb, 1. 3-foliolate, fl. in axillary racemes; cal.
tubular, gibbous at base with an obliquely truncate mouth;
pet. equal, wings and keel adherent, with very long claws;
stam. diadelphous; ov. stalked; pod linear, torulose, 2- or
3-seeded.—Sp. 3; 2 in FZ B. Ind.

D. villosa, DC. M/ém. Leg. 257 (1825), var. leiocarpa, Benth (sp.).
D. pubescens, DC., Arn. Pug. 12. Thw. Enum. 88. C. P. 663.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 183. Wight, Ic. t. 445 (D. congesta).

* Named after Dr. Shuter, ‘ Naturalist on the Madras Establishment,’
to whom the genus Shutereza (Convolvulacez) had, however, been dedi-
cated the previous year (1833) by Choisy.

Glycine.) Leguminose. 59

A twining herb, stems slender with long internodes,
glabrous or with few adpressed hairs; |.-rachis 2—4 in., swollen
at base, stip. small, linear, lflts. shortly stalked, 14-2 in., ovate,
very obtuse, apiculate, glabrous on both sides or with very
few hairs beneath; fl. moderate-sized, on slender ped.,
arranged in racemes which are either of 3 or 4 fl. and much
shorter than 1., or of 12-20 fl., and equalling 1; cal. quite
glabrous, persistent; pod about Ijin., stalked and exserted
beyond persistent cal., linear, straight, sharply beaked, toru-
lose, perfectly glabrous; seeds 2 or 3, ovoid, fin., black and
shining.

Upper montane zone; common. FI. Feb., March; pale yellow.

Also in the Indian mountains, and in Java, Madagascar, and Natal.

The ordinary form of this species has the stem densely hairy, and the
leaves very pubescent beneath; but this has not been found in Ceylon.

24. GLYCINE, Z.

Herbaceous twiner, |. 3-foliolate, with stipels, fl. small,
numerous, in narrow racemes; cal. with a campanulate tube,
segm. long, filiform; pet. about equal,not longer than cal.-segm.;
stam. monadelphous, anth. uniform, all fertile; style beardless,
stigma capitate; pod linear, straight, 2-4 seeded, with septa
between seeds.—Sp. 12; 3 in FZ. B. Ind.

G. javanica, LZ. Sp. P/. 754 (1753). Goradiya, S.

Moon Cat. 53. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 266. Soya Wighizz,
Grah., Thw. Enum. 88. G. P. 1477.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 183.

An herbaceous twiner, stems somewhat angular, clothed
with deflexed hair, young shoots very silky; 1.-rachis 2—3 in.,
with deflexed hair, stip. small, triangular, acute, lflts. shortly
stalked, 11-2} in., broadly oval (the lat. ones unequal-sided),
subacute, strongly apiculate, softly hairy on both sides, paler
beneath with the lat. veins strongly marked; fl. small,
numerous, on short, slender, hairy ped., crowded in narrow,
rather dense, shortly stalked, axillary racemes 1-6 in. long,
bracts long, filiform, hairy; cal.-segm. setaceous, plumose; pod
nearly 1 in., linear, compressed, pointed, densely hairy, some-
what compressed between seeds,

Low country; common. FI. Nov., Dec.

Also in India, Java, and Trop. Africa.
Appears to be sometimes cultivated as a pulse.

60 Leg UMINOSE. [Mucuna.

25, TERAMNUS, Sw.

Herbaceous twiner, |. pinnately 3-foliolate, fl. small, in
very lax racemes; cal. tubular-campanulate, segm. linear;
pet. nearly equal, slightly exserted; stam. monadelphous, alter-
nate ones small, abortive; style beardless, stigma capitate;
pod linear, with a strongly hooked point, 8—10-seeded, septate
between seeds.—Sp: 4; 2 in FZ. B. Lnd.

T. labialis, Srene. Syst. iii. 235 (1836).

Glycine parvifiora, Lam., Moon Cat. 53 (?). Glycine labialis, L. f.,,
Thw. Enum. 88. Glycine mollis, W. and A., Am. Pug. 12. TZ. mollis,
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 265. C. P. 1471.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 184. Wight, Ic. t. 168.

A twining herb, stems slender, much-branched, glabrous or
with deflexed hair; l.-rachis 1-24 in., glabrous or hairy like
the stem, stip. minute, deciduous, Iflts. 14-3 in., lanceolate or
oval-lanceolate, subacute, apiculate, glabrous on both sides or
softly pubescent beneath, lat. ones unequal-sided; fl. small, on.
short slender ped., arranged in small clusters in usually very
lax elongated slender axillary racemes, from 2-9 in. long,
bracts small, setaceous; cal. hairy, segm. setaceous; pod
14-2 in., narrowly linear, straight or slightly curved upwards,
tipped with a short stout beak or hook abruptly curved
upwards, hairy when young but nearly glabrous when mature;
seeds 8-10, cylindrical, truncate at ends, dark brown.

Low country; common. FI. Nov.—Dec.; pinkish or white.

Found throughout the Tropics.

A very variable plant, perhaps including more than one species. The
hairy form is 7. mollzs, Benth.

26. MUCUNA, Adazns.

Woody or herbaceous twiners, |. 3-foliolate, with stipels, f1..
large, in drooping racemes; cal. campanulate, 2 upper segm.—
connate, lowest one longest; pet. exserted, very unequal, wings.
twice as long as standard, keel rather longer than wings,.
curved into a stiff beak at apex; stam. diadelphous; style
beardless, stigma capitate; pod 1-few-seeded covered with
sharp needle-like bristles, slightly compressed, turgid; seed
large, with an oblong or linear hilum.—Sp. 20; 10 in FZ. B. [nd.

Pod winged on both sutures and sides.
Cal. truncate with small teeth. 5 : . I. M. MONOSPERMA.
Cal. 2-lipped, with large lower segm. M. ATROPURPUREA..
Pod winged at sutures only. M. GIGANTEA.
Pod without wings (Stézolobium). M. PRURIENS.

RWS

Mucuna.] Leguminose. 61

1. WZ. monosperma, DC. Prod. ii. 406 (1825).

Thw. Enum. 89. C. P. 2662.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 185. Wight, Ic. t. 35 (2 plates).

A large woody twiner, the younger branches clothed with
rufous, deciduous tomentum; |. large, rachis 24-44 in., with
red deciduous pubescence, stip. deciduous, Iflts. on short swollen
stalks, 2-4 in., rotundate or broadly oval, shortly acuminate,
smooth above, more or less densely pubescent beneath, lat.
ones unequal-sided; fl. large 1% in., on divaricate ped. $ in.
long, 6-10 in a lax pubescent raceme (or panicle) shorter than
1.; cal. sparingly clothed with red bristles, upper segm. wanting;
standard often with a few bristles on the back; pod 2 in,
broadly ovate-ovoid, shortly stalked, somewhat curved, with a
short decurved beak, with a broad double horizontal wing
along both sutures, and several (about 6) broad erect distant
wings extending from them at right angles nearly half way
down the sides, the whole covered with orange-red deciduous
wool mingled with irritant red bristles; seed solitary, nearly
circular, compressed, dark brown, hilum linear, extending
round # of the edge.

Upper zone of moist low country; rather rare. Kitulgala; Hunas-
giria; Lunugala; Uva. Fl. Jan.; bright violet, keel green.

Hills of India and Burma.

This is probably Stzolobium rugosum, Moon Cat. 53, from Kandy.
Our plant has the sutures of the pod very distinctly double-winged,
and thus does not well agree with published descriptions of JZ. mono-
sperma.

2. MZ. atropurpurea, DC. Prod. ii. 406 (1825). Punnakalichi,
Phandatullai, 7.

Thw. Enum. 89. C. P. 1483.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 186.

A large woody twiner, young branches slender, glabrous;
l.-rachis 2-3 in., glabrous, stip. deciduous, lflts. shortly stalked,
24-4 in., lanceolate or oval, acuminate, acute, glabrous on
both sides, lat. veins very oblique; fl. very large, 24-23 in.,
on drooping ped. 4-7 in., about 10-15 in a short racemose
panicle; cal. large, densely downy, with a very few orange
bristles, 3 lower segm. triangular, equal; pod 3-4 in., oblong-
ovoid, scarcely stalked, blunt, doubly winged along sutures,
and with numerous (10-14) deep, close, parallel, flat wings or
plaits running obliquely from each across sides, and meeting
along centre, slightly pubescent and clothed with copious red
irritant bristles; seeds 2 (or 1), 1in., broadly ovoid, slightly
compressed, grey mottled with brownish-black, hilum ex-
tending 4 round edge.

62 Leguminose. [Mucuna.

Dry region; rather rare. N. Province (A. Clark); Batticaloa
(Gardner); Hunguranketa; Trincomalie (C. La Brooy); Bintenne Dis-
trict. Fl. Feb.; rich blue-purple.

Also in Peninsular India and at Malacca.

The same remark as to the pod applies to this as to the last. The
sutures lie at the bottom of a very deep furrow formed by the wings,
which are j in. or more high.

3. M. gigantea, DC. Prod. ii. 405 (1825).
Stizolobium giganteum, Pers., Moon Cat. 53. Thw. Enum. 89. C. P.

3587.
Fl]. B. Ind. ii. 186 (not given for Ceylon). Hk. Bot. Misc. ii. t.

supp. 14.

A large woody twiner, with glabrous branches; Ifits. ovate,
acute, glabrous when mature; fl.on long slender ped., almost
umbellate at end of long peduncles; pod 4-6 in., stalked,
linear-oblong, apiculate, with a broad double wing along both
sutures, but without wings or plaits on the sides, densely
covered with long adpressed chestnut-brown, irritant bristles.

Dry country; very rare. I have seen only the C. P. specimen (a pod
merely), which was collected by Gardner, and is labelled ‘ Batticaloa’ (?).
Moon’s locality is Bentota. It grows in the Bot. Gardens, Peradeniya.
F]. Jan.; sulphur-yellow.

Also in Peninsular India, Malaya, Polynesia, &c.

4. M. pruriens, DC. Prod. ii. 405 (1825). Achariya-pala, S.

Burm. @hes. 191. Herm. Mus. 67; EI Zeyl. n. 5305 eves
pruriens, L. Sp. Pl. i. 1019. Stzzolobtum fruriens, Pers., Moon Cat. 53.
M. prurita, Hook., Thw. Enum. 89. C. P. 3150.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 187. Hk. Bot. Misc. ii. t. suppl. 13. Bentl. and Trim.
Med. Pl. i. t. 78.

An annual (?), semi-woody twiner, branches slender, usually
clothed with short white deflexed hairs; 1. large, rachis 3-5 in.,
sparingly deflexed-hairy, stip. linear-setaceous, hairy, lflts. 3-4
in.,on short thick hairy stalks, terminal one smallest and rhom-
boid-oval, lat. ones very unequal with the lower half greatly
dilated, all acute, mucronate, pubescent above, densely covered
with shining silvery adpressed hair beneath; fl. numerous,
14-1? in. long, on short pubescent ped., usually 2 or 3 together
at intervals in a slender pubescent raceme 6-12 in long, bracts
4 in. lanceolate, hairy, soon falling; cal. densely silky, 2 upper
segm. completely connate, lowest much longest; pod 24-3 in.
by about 4 in. broad, linear, blunt, falcately curved at both
ends, with a longitudinal rib along whole length of each valve
but without wings, densely covered with close rather weak
orange-brown irritant bristles pointing backward and readily
detached, 4-6-seeded with partitions between them; seed
ovoid, + in., compressed, brownish mottled with black, hilum
oblong, not half the length of seed.

Erythrina.] Leguuinose. 63

Var 6, biflora, 7vzm. Cat. Ceyl. P/. 25.

L. smaller, more hairy above; peduncles about 1 in., erect,
2-flowered.

Dry and intermediate regions; rather common. Var. , Batticaloa.
Fl. Jan., Feb.; dull dark purple, the keel yellowish-green.

Found throughout the Tropics.

This is the ‘ Cowage’ or ‘Cowitch’ plant. Moon’s S. name is ‘ Wel-
damaniya.’

27. ERYTHRINA, J.

Trees with prickles on the bark, 1. pinnately trifoliolate,
with stipels, deciduous, fl. large in secund racemes; cal. tubular,
splitting irregularly; pet. very unequal, standard much longer
than wings or keel, keel- pet. distinct; stam.diadelphous, but the
upper one often connate with the rest half way up; style beard-
less, stigma capitate; pod cylindrical torulose, 3-10-seeded ;
seed large, with a large oval hilum.—Sp. 30; 7 in FZ. B. Ind.

Lfits. roundish-ovate, green on both sides ‘ Se Lee INDICA.
Lfits. oval, white beneath . : ; ‘ ‘ . 2. E. OVALIFOLIA.

1. BE. indica, Zam. Enc. Méth. ii. 391 (1786). Brabadu, S.
Mullu-murukku, 7.

Herm. Mus. 49. FI. Zeyl.n. 275. £. corallodendrum, L. Sp. Pl. i. 706
(in part). Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. 89. C. P. 1464.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 188. Wight, Ic. t. 58.

A tree attaining to a large size, bark thin, smooth, grey,
young twigs thick, set with small straight, horizontal, broad-
based sharp black prickles, leaf-scars conspicuous; |. very
large, deciduous, rachis 6-12 in., smooth, dilated at base, stip.
none or very early caducous, Iflts. 4-6 in. on short swollen
stalks, readily disarticulating, roundish-ovate, acute, glabrous
and green on both sides, the term. one the largest, stipels thick
roundish persistent; fl. numerous large, on stout puberulous
horizontally spreading ped. about 4 in. long, arranged in 2’s or
3's, and closely crowded on the upper half of very stout, rigid
puberulous racemes 6-12 in. long, 2-4 of which diverge
horizontally from the summit of the branches; cal. (before ex-
pansion of fl.) tubular, 14 in., covered with deciduous tomen-
tum, upper segm. subulate, sharp but not rigid, two lat. similar
but smaller, lowest one longer, doubled over the rest to form
a blunt point to the bud, soon splitting along the back
(between the upper teeth) to the base and the whole turned
down like a spathe; standard nearly 3 in., wings less than
1in., keel-pet. # in.; stam. much exserted and projecting in

64 Leguminose. [ Szrongylodon.

front of fl., 22in.; pod 5-6 in., cylindrical, distinctly torulose
with a sharp curved beak; seeds 3-8, bean-like, about I in. long.

Low country ; very common, and much planted. Fl. Feb.; scarlet, the
wings and keel crimson.

Also throughout India and Malaya, Java, and Polynesia.

When well grown this is a handsome tree; but as usually seen—
planted for hedges or as a support for climbing plants—it is a shabby
stunted bush. The brilliant flowers are produced when the branches are
bare of leaves, and give the plant the name of ‘ Coral-tree.’

A variety with pale pink flowers is figured by Moon in his collection
of drawings in the Brit. Mus. labelled ‘ Ela-erabadu.’

The indurated incurved tip of the lowest segm. of calyx prevents the
bud from opening, and the growing standard forces its point through the
cal. between the two upper teeth, and gradually splits it down the back.

2. E. ovalifolia, oxt. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814). YWak-erabadu, S.

E. picta, Moon Cat. 52 (?L.). Thw. Enum. 89. C. P. 3499.

His Indie co. eWicht. les t2777

A moderate-sized tree with wide-spreading branches,
trunk covered with large pyramidal, corky, prickle-tipped
thorns, young branches as in last, but prickles brown, smaller
and sharper; buds pubescent; |.-rachis 4-5 in., glabrous,
stip. small, roundish, adpressed to rachis, soon disappearing,
Iflts. 34-44 in., broadly oval, on swollen stalks readily disarti-
culating, obtuse, glabrous on both sides, silvery-white beneath,
stipels wart-like, persistent; fl. rather large, arranged as in
£.. indica, with 2 small ovate bracts immediately beneath cal.,
cal.campanulate completely closed and ending in a curved beak
in bud, afterwards splitting irregularly into several unequal
divisions, pod 6-10 in., shortly stalked, with a sharp beak,
curved, more or less torulose, very finely but densely downy,
6—10-seeded with partitions between them ; seed #in., oblong,
cylindrical, truncate at ends, black.

Low country, by the banks of rivers and streams ; rather common.

Fl. January; standard dark crimson, wings and keel purple.

Also in E. Bengal, Burma, Malaya, and Polynesia.

[Z. suberosa, Roxb., is given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 190, but I do
not know on what authority. There are no specimens at Kew from
Ceylon. |

E. lithosperma, Bl., from Java (‘ Dadap’ of the Malays) ; &. umbrosa,
H. B.K., from Central America (‘Madre de Cacao’); and £. velutina,
Willd., of the W. Indies are all frequently met with on estates, especially
of Cacao, planted as shade-trees.

28. STRONGYLODON, /2..

Herbaceous twiner, |. pinnately 3-foliolate, with stipels, fl.
in lax racemes; cal. campanulate with very short rounded im-

Galactia.] . Leguminose. 65

bricate segm.; standard nearly 3 times as long as wings, keel
longer than wings, prolonged into a beak ; stam. diadelphous,
anth. uniform; ovary stalked, style beardless, stigma capitate;
pod ovoid, beaked, stalked, turgid, indehiscent ; seeds 1 or
2, large, with a carunculate hilum extending more than half
way round the margin.—Sp. 3; 1 in FZ B. Ind.

S. ruber, Vogel in Linnea, x. 585 (1836).

Thw. Enum. 89. C. P. 1465.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 191. A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exp. t. 48.

A herbaceous twiner, stems much branched, glabrous; L.-
rachis 24-4 in., slender, stip. small, triangular, lfits. stalked,
24-4 in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, apiculate, glabrous on
both sides, thin, stipels linear; fl. about 1 in. long, on slender
spreading ped. 4—? in. long, numerous, forming a lax pyra-
midal raceme 3-5 in. long at end of long stout axillary
peduncles, bracts small, orbicular, one at base of ped. and 2
immediately beneath fl.; cal. glabrous, gibbous at base above;
pod rather long-stalked, about 3 in., ovoid, inflated, with a
sharp curved beak and compressed margin, papery, yellow ;
seeds I or 2, 1 in., globular-ovoid, slightly compressed, smooth,
black, caruncle prominent, wing-like, red.

_ Low country in intermediate region; very rare. Galagedara
(Gardner); Kurunegala (Thwaites). Fl. June; reddish-pink.

Elsewhere found only in the Polynesian Islands, and recently in S.
Andaman I.

29. GALACTIA, P. Br.

Very slender twining herbs, |. pinnately 3-foliolate, with
stipels, fl. small, in lax racemes with very slightly tumid nodes;
cal. with short campanulate tube and linear segm., the 2 upper
completely connate, the lowest largest; pet. nearly equal ;
keel nearly straight; stam. diadelphous; style beardless,
stigma capitate, pod linear, flat, recurved.—Sp. 45; 2 in
Fi. B. [nd.

G. tenuifiora, W. and A. Prod. 206 (1834).

Glycine tenuiflora, Willd., Moon Cat. 53. Thw. Enum. 88. C. P. 1468.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 192.

A herbaceous twiner, stems filiform, with scanty adpressed
hairs; l.-rachis #—-1}4 in., slender, pubescent, stip. minute, lflts.
small, 1-1% in., lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, subacute, apicu-
late, glabrous above, paler and silky-pubescent beneath ; fl.
small, few, shortly stalked, at end of very slender, lax, pubes-
cent axillary racemes, bracts small, caducous; cal. slightly

PART II. F

66 Leguminosae. [Butea.

hairy ; pod 14-2.in. by } in. broad, slightly curved upwards,
apiculate, at first silky, becoming glabrous ; seeds 6-9, small,
compressed, black.

Upper zone of low country, rather common; Kotmalie; Hantane ;
Matale. FI. pink.

Also in India, Siam, Malay Is., Australia, and E. Trop. Africa.

The nodes of the inflorescence can scarcely be said to be tumid in
the Ceylon species.

[Spatholobus Roxburghit, Benth., is represented in Herb. Kew by
specimens of Walker’s (n. 1331) professing to be from Ceylon, and the
plant is entered for this country in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 193. They are not
further localised, and, as no one else has met with this conspicuous woody
climber, some error is probable. The species, however, occurs in India
and Burma; it is figured in Wight, Ic. t. 210 (as Butea parvifiora).|

30. BUTEA, ox.

An erect tree, 1. pinnately 3-foliolate, with stipels, fl. large,
fascicled, in racemes with swollen nodes; cal. shallowly cam-
panulate, segm. shallow, 2 upper connate, 3 lower equal; pet.
nearly equal, keel-pet. completely connate, much curved ;
stam. diadelphous, the free fil. shorter than the rest; pod
large, flat, linear-oblong, leathery, the lower ? without seeds
and indehiscent, the terminal } containing the solitary seed
and dehiscent round the edge ; seed with a small hilum.—Sp.
2 rallye a7.

B. frondosa, Koen. ex Roxb. in Asiat. Researches, iii. 469 (1792).
Gas-kéla, S. Parasu, 7.

Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum, 89. C. P. 1465.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 194. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 176. Bentl. and Trim. Med. PI.
t. 79 (from a Ceylon specimen).

A moderate-sized or small tree, with a crooked trunk and
irregular branches, bark thick, rough, ash-coloured, fibrous,
exfoliating in small pieces, young shoots densely pubescent ;
l. large, rachis 5-8 in., slender, pubescent when young, swollen
at base, stip. small, linear-lanceolate, deciduous, Ifits, 4—8 in.,
unequal, the terminal the largest and rhomboid-orbicular, the
lat. ones obovate-oval, dilated in lower half, all very obtuse,
glabrous above when mature, closely and finely tomentose
and with much raised reticulation beneath ; fl. large 14-2 in.,
on velvety drooping ped. ?-1 in. long, 2 or 3 together from
the swollen nodes of rigid stout racemes coming off from
woody tuberosities, bracts small, deciduous; cal. finely velvety
outside, lined with white silvery hair, segm, acute; keel very
deeply boat-shaped acute; pod pendulous, 5-8 in., by about #
in wide, on a densely woolly stalk ?in. long, obtuse, thickened

Canavalia. Leguminose. 67

at the sutures, leathery, transversely veined, densely but finely
pubescent especially at end; seed Ifin., flat broadly oval,
smooth, reddish brown.

Dry region in open country; rather rare, but locally abundant.
Jaffna; Batticaloa; Bintenne; about Bibile gregariously. Moon’s locality
is Wellasse. FI. July; orange-scarlet, very silvery outside with silky
hair, so that the buds are white.

Also in India and Burma.

A dark red astringent juice exudes from the bark, which hardens into
a brittle, ruby-coloured, resinous-looking gum, the ‘Bengal Kino’ of
commerce. Wood whitish, soft, light, not durable.

[Moon l.c. gives also 4. sugerba, Roxb., with the name ‘ Wel-Kéla’
and the locality “ Kandy.’]

31. CANAVALTIA, DC.

Perennial herbs, |. pinnately 3-foliolate with stipels, f1. ire:
in erect racemes with large swollen nodes; cal. deeply
campanulate, 2 upper segm. connate to form a rounded
projecting lip, 3 lower small, equal, triangular; standard rather
longer than wings, keel curved, obtuse, equalling wings; stam.
monadelphous, style beardless, stigma terminal; pod large,
linear or oblong, somewhat compressed, with a prominent rib
on each side close to dorsal suture; seeds several, with a short
linear hilum.—Sp. 12; 2 in FZ. B. Ind.

Lfits. oval, thin : F : , . I. C. ENSIFORMIS.
Lfits. broadly obovate, thick. : : 5 , 2, C, OBUUSMROMINN,

1. ©. ensiformis, DC. Prod. i. 404 (1825). Wal-awara, S.
Koli-avarai, 7.

Dolichos gladiatus, Jacq., and D. rotundifolius, Moon Cat. 53. C.
£ladiata, DC., Thw. Enum. 88. C. P. 1481.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 196. Wight, Ic. t. 753.

A stout perennial twiner, stems long, glabrous or nearly
so, young shoots pubescent; l.-rachis about 3 in., channelled
above, stip. inconspicuous, deciduous, Iflts. about 3 in., shortly
stalked, oval, rounded at base, very shortly acuminate,
apiculate, glabrous on both sides, thin, reticulately veined; fl.
numerous, large, 1in. long, on very short ped., generally i in
pairs from the tumid nodes of stout, curved, erect long-
stalked racemes, bracts minute, caducous ; cal. very finely
pubescent, upper lip with 2 rounded lobes ; pod shortly
stalked, about 6 in. by nearly 1 in wide, straight or very
slightly curved upwards, shortly pointed, smooth; seeds 8-10.

Var. 6, virosa, Laker. Dolichos virosus, Roxb., Moon Cat. 53. C.
virosa, W. and A., Thw. Enum. 89. C.P. 2782.

68 Leguminosae. _ [Dioclea.

Lfits. broader, more acuminate; pod shorter and broader,
4in. by 14 in wide, oblong, 5-or 6-seeded.

Dry region; rather common. Jaffna; Anuradhapura; Kekirawa;
Naula. Var. 8, moist low country up to 3000ft.; common. Fl. Dec.,
Feb., August; bright pink or nearly white.

Throughout the Tropics, wild or cultivated.

This seems truly native in Ceylon, though the type-form is also largely
grown asa pulse. The English call it the ‘ Sabre-bean.’

The stam. are figured as diadelphous in Wight, Ic., but I find them
always monadelphous in flowers examined.

2. ©. obtusifolia, DC. Prod. ii. 404 (1825). Mudu-awara, S.
Thw. Enum. 88. .C. P. 1484.
Fl. B. Ind. 1. 196.

Perennial (? biennial), stems spreading, prostrate, rarely
twining, glabrous, young shoots slightly silky; 1. rather small,
rachis 2-34 in., stip. small, caducous, lfits. 1-2 in. broadly
obovate or roundish, quite glabrous, thick; fl. rather smaller
than in the last, few, in erect racemes longer than 1.; cal.
pubescent; pod about 4 in., taperimg at base into long stalk,
* in. wide, shortly beaked, nearly straight, glabrous; seeds 5
or 6, ovoid, compressed, over 4 in., black when dry.

Sandy seashores; common. FI. Jan., July, August; bright pink.

Throughout the Tropics.

A truly seashore plant. The flowers are sometimes white. The seeds
are much eaten, boiled, at Batticaloa and elsewhere.

I doubt if the figure of Rheede, Hort. Malab. viii. t. 43, can be referred
to our plant, but the species is very variable. It is possibly the original
wild state of C. enszformzs.

32. DIOCLEA, Z. 2.4K.

Woody twiner, |. pinnately 3-foliolate, with stipels; f1.
moderate-sized, on short thickened branchlets of racemose
panicles; cal. deeply campanulate, upper segm. connate for
nearly whole length, lower ones narrow-triangular the lowest
the longest ; pet. about equal, keel not beaked ; stam. mona-
delphous, the top one free below; style beardless, stigma
capitate; pod large, oblong-falcate, compressed, flattened on
dorsal suture with a narrow horizontal wing along each side;
seed large, flat, hilum narrow, linear, extending round more
than 2 of the edge.—Sp. 16; 1 in FZ. B. Lud.

D. reflexa, “2. 7. in Niger Flora, 306 (1849).
D. Fergusoniz, Thw. Enum. 412. C. P. 3817.
Fl. B. Ind. 11. 1096.

Phaseolus.] Leguminose. 69

A stout woody twiner, branches wide-spreading, the young
ones covered with dense soft fulvous hair; |. large, rachis
3-4 in., fulvous-hairy, stip. small, roundish attached by their
centre, lfits. 4-6 in., ovate or oval, rounded at base, somewhat
attenuate, subacute, apiculate, glabrous above when mature,
softly silky beneath ; fl. about #in., numerous, on short ped.,
2 or 3 together on very short incurved swollen branchlets of a
narrow elongated racemose panicle 12-18 in. long, bracts
below ped. much longer than them, linear, recurved, bracts
beneath fl. 2, small, roundish; cal. fulvous-pubescent; pod
about 5 in. by 2 in. wide, slightly falcate, at first hairy, glabrous
when mature; seeds 2 or 3, separated by spongy partitions.
orbicular, I-14 in., much compressed, black shining.

Moist low country; very rare. About Kaduwela near Colombo, the
only known locality ; found by W. Ferguson in 1863. FI. pale violet.

Also in E. Bengal, Burma, Malaya, and Trop. Africa, and America,

but not in the Indian Peninsula.
The seed is very like that of a Mucuna.

33. PHASEOLUS, L.

Erect, prostrate or twining herbs, 1. 3-foliolate, with stipels,
fl. in axillary racemes, bracts conspicuous; cal. campanulate,
2 upper segm. connate, nearly equal or lowest one longest;
keel-pet. extended into a long stiff beak curved round into a
circle; stam. diadelphous, anth. uniform; style curved round
with the keel, conspicuously bearded along the inner side below
the very oblique stigma; pod linear, somewhat compressed or
nearly cylindrical, with partitions between the numerous
seeds.—Sp. 60; 15 in Fl. B. [nd.

Stip. attached by their base ; fl. not yellow.

Twining.
Fl. pink . 1. P. ADENANTHUS.
Fl. violet-purple 2. P. GRAHAMIANUS.
Erect ; fl.red . 3. P. SEMIERECTUS.
Stip. peltately attached ; fl. yellow.
Lfits. more or less 3- -lobed Ce also 7).
Stip. large, oval ; AA ea URILOBUS,
Stip. small, oblong. : ; . §. P. ACONITIFOLIUS.
Lfits. not lobed (except sometimes 7)
Pod with long silky hair : ; 3 06s bs VLA,
Pod with short fulvous hair . , ; . 7. P, TRINERVIUS.
Pod glabrous . : ; : 3 } oy I CALCAR AI US:

Two species are commonly cultivated in native gardens under the
name of ‘ Dambala’ or more usually the Dutch name ‘Bonchi,’ P. /wnatus,
L. and P. vulgaris, L., the former under several varieties. Both are

7O Leg UMIMNOSE. [ Phaseolus.

probably of American origin but now common throughout the Tropics,
and the latter, the French or haricot bean, ‘ Potu-bonchi,’ S., also in
temperate regions.

Le adenanthus, Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseg. 239 (1818). Wal-
mé, S.
P. traxillensis, H.B.K., Thw. Enum. 89. C. P. 1480.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 200. Wight, Ic. t. 34 (P. vostratus).

A perennial herbaceous twiner with glabrous stems; 1.
distant, rachis 3-4 in., stout, stip. small, oval, lflts. 2-44 in.,
rhomboid-oval, subacute, apiculate, glabrous or slightly
pubescent, the lat. ones dilated in lower half; fl. large, over
I in., few, on short ped. with a large round gland at base,
solitary or in pairs, closely placed at end of an axillary
peduncle about as long as 1., bractlets 2, immediately beneath
fl., ovate, acute, striate, cal. finely pilose; keel very long,
twisted into a complete spiral; pod 5-6 in. by 2 in. wide,
compressed, shortly beaked, falcately curved, glabrous ; seeds
12-16, nearly circular, } in., flat, black.

Moist region, up to 4000 ft.; rather common. FI. Dec.; dark pink.

Throughout the Tropics.

The flowers are very large and handsome, and the plant well worth

cultivation for ornament. This may be the plant called P. Caracalla by
Moon (Cat. 52), with the English name ‘ Snail-flower.’

2. P. Grahamianus, VV. and A. Prod. 244 (1834).

Thw. Enum. go. C. P. 3586.

IML 18 Mask, i, Zo,

A perennial twining herb, with slender glabrous much-
branched stems; |. small, rachis 14-2 in., stip. small, oval,
spreading or reflexed, lflts. 14-2 in., rhomboid-oval, obtuse,
glabrous, readily disarticulating ; fl. medium-sized, on short
slender ped., 1-3 together on thickened nodes, racemes
longer than 1.; cal. glabrous; standard very large, keel
curved into a complete circle; pod 3% in. by ¢ in. broad,
narrowly linear, beaked, slightly curved upwards at end,
sutures thickened ; seeds 8-10, oblong, truncate, slightly
compressed.

Low country; rather rare. Batticaloa; Galle; Dambulla; Nalande.
Fl. Jan. Feb.; pale bright violet-purple (not ‘reddish,’ as given in Fl. B.

Ind.).
Also in Southern India.

3.* BP. semierectus, LZ. Mami. i. 100 (1767).

Thw. Enum. go. C. P. 3609.

IDL, 1B), line. Wi, Boi, WWikelnte, Ne, ft BAO),

An erect semi-shrubby annual, 2-3 ft. high, with few
cylindrical ascending glabrous branches; l.-rachis 2-24 in.,

Phaseolus.] Leguminose. 7

stip. linear, subulate, persistent, lfits. 11-2} in., oblong-ovate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute, glabrous on both sides, readily
disarticulating ; fl. over I in., nearly sessile, usually in pairs
distantly placed on elongated erect, rigid, spike-like racemes
12-18 in. long, bracts long, setaceous; cal. pubescent, segm.
aristate shorter than tube; standard shorter than wings ; pod
3-4 in. by = in., nearly cylindrical, straight, sharply beaked,
somewhat silvery with adpressed white hairs ; seeds about 20
small, quadrate-reniform, dull dark brown.

Low country, common; a weed in waste ground. FI. Jan., July, &c.;
dull purplish-red.

Also in India, Malaya, and Trop. America.
This looks like an introduction in Ceylon.

b)

4. P. trilobus, Azz. Hort. Kew. iii. 30 (1789). Bin-mé, S.
Narippayaru, 7.

Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. go. C. P. 1474 (pt.).

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 201. Wight, Ic. t. 94.

Perennial with a woody rootstock giving off very numerous,
long, prostrate, wiry, slender, glabrous stems, not at all
twining; 1. small, rachis 1-14 in, stip. peltately attached,
large, oval, acute or obtuse, Iflts. +? in., stalked, rhomboid-
rotundate, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous, often 3-lobed with the
middle lobe broader and spathulate; fl. small, very shortly
stalked, 2 or 3 together at the end of stiff slender peduncle
2—5 in. long and much exceeding 1., bracts ovate, acute; cal.-
segm. short, deltoid; pod small, 1-1$ in., narrowly linear,
slightly compressed, straight, glabrous; seeds 6-12, very
small, cylindrical, truncate at ends, dark brown.

Dry region, common; also on the seashore. Fl. Feb., Sept., &c.;
yellow.

Also throughout India, Malay Is., and E. Trop. Africa.
This may be cultivated as a pulse in the dry districts to a small extent.

5. P. aconitifolius, Jacg. Obs. Bot. iti. 2 (1768).

C. P. 1474 (part). 0
F]. B. Ind. ii. 202. Duthie, Crops N.W. Prov. t. 1.

Annual or perennial, stems as in the last, but usually
longer and copiously covered with spreading or reflexed hairs ;
Ifits. larger, always deeply cut into 3 narrow lobes, hairy
beneeth, stip. small, oblong, obtuse; fl. as in P. ¢rilobus,
bracts lanceolate-oblong, acute, setaceous; pod 1-2 in,
usually rough with few adpressed hairs; seeds 8-14, rather
larger than in the last.

Dry region; rather common. Jaffna; Batticaloa; Bintenne; Kanta-
lai; Bibile. Fl. Jan., August, &c., yellow.

Also in Peninsular India.

72 Leguminose. [Phaseolus:

Dr. Thwaites did not distinguish this from P. ¢vz/odus, and it is scarcely
separable as a species. I have never seen this in cultivation in Ceylon,
but suspect it is sometimes grown in the North.

6. P. Max,* Z. Sf. Pl. 725 (1753). Mun, Mun-éta, Bu-mé,,
S. Chiruppayaru, 7.

Herm. Mus. 22. Fl. Zeyl: n. 280, Moon Cat: 52.” Aigo
Moon Cat. 52.

F]. B. Ind. ii. 203 (P. Mungo). Duthie, Crops N.W. Prov. t. 9.

An annual herb, stem erect, about 2 ft., branching, an-
gular, clothed with spreading or deflexed hairs; |.-rachis long,
hairy like the stem, stip. peltately attached near the base,
ovate, acuminate, lfits. 2-3 in., ovate, acute, more or less hairy
on both sides, thin, the lat. ones dilated on lower side; fl. about
4 in. shortly stalked, 4-6 crowded at end of stout hairy
peduncles shorter than |.; cal. silky, lowest segm. lanceolate;.
standard much broader than long, keel curved into more than
a circle; pod 2-24 in., linear, nearly cylindrical, shortly beaked,
more or less hairy with spreading hair; seeds 8-12, small
4-7 in., oblong-ovoid, truncate or blunt at ends, green or
blackish.

Var. 6, radiatus, Baker in Fl. B. Ind. \.c. UWlundu, S.
Uluntu, 7. Herm. Mus. 47. Fl. Zeyl. n. 281. P. radiatus, L. Sp..
Pl. 725; Moon Cat. 52; Thw. Enum. 89, 412. C. P. 3622.

Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 235, f. 304. Duthie, Crops N.W. Prov. t. Io.

Larger, stems more trailing or slightly twining, usually
more hairy, peduncles longer, generally exceeding |.; seeds
longer, + in., dark brown or black.

Commonly cultivated, and occasionally found apparently wild in the
dry region. Fl. Nov.—Feb.; pale yellow.

Throughout the Tropics, but usually cultivated.

The seeds are known as ‘Green Gram’ and ‘ Black Gram’ respect-.
ively; there is also a variety with yellow seeds.

P. Maz is the older of Linnzeus’s two names, but authors usually have
preferred P. Mungo for the collective species, and restrict P. ax to the:
black-seeded form. Very variable in habit and amount of hair. Her-
mann’s specimens of P. (Zax have very woolly leaves.

7. B. trinervius, Heyne in Wall. Cat. n. 5603 (1828).
Thw. Enum. 90. C. P. 1476.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 203.

A perennial twining herb, stems clothed with deflexed!
fulvous hair, internodes very long, |. rather large, rachis 2—34in.,
hairy like the stem, stip. peltately attached, oblong-lanceolate,.
acute, hairy, lflts. 2-34 in., term. one rhomboid-oval often some-

* Mav is the Spanish name in Mexico, as given by Hernandez.

Vigna. Leguminose. Te

what 3-lobed, conspicuously 3-nerved from base, lat. ones ovate
or lanceolate, much dilated in lower side, all acute, silky-hairy on
both sides; fl. $in., very shortly stalked, in short close racemes
with swollen nodes, at end of stiff hairy peduncles much
exceeding 1.; cal. nearly glabrous, segm. very short nearly
equal; keel curved into nearly a circle; pod 2-2? in., cylindrical,
straight, bluntly pointed, rather densely covered with brown
hair ; seeds 8-12, about $in., oblong-oval with truncate ends,
dark brown.

Moist region, I-4000 ft. in grassy places; common. FI. March,
Aug., Nov.; yellow.

Also in India and Malaya.

8. BP. calcaratus, Aoxb. Hort. Beng. 54 (1814).
Gaweenum: 412. C. P. 1473,
FI. B. Ind. 1. 203.

A small perennial herb, stems flexuose, prostrate at base
and often rooting at nodes, or twining, with scanty reflexed
hairs; 1. distant, rachis 14-2 in., with deflexed hairs, stip.
peltately attached, linear-lanceolate, Iflts. usually 14-24 in.
(rarely 34), ovate, acuminate, acute, hairy on both sides, very
thin, lat. ones dilated on lower side; fl. small, 4in., on slender
crowded ped., racemes at first very short but lengthening to
14 in., at end of long slender peduncles greatly exceeding l.,
bracts linear, longer than cal.; glabrous, segm. triangular ;
pod 14-24 in., linear, straight, beaked, glabrous; seeds 8-12,
oblong, narrower than in last .

Moist region, I-4000 ft.; common in grass. FI]. Sept.-Nov.; yellow.

Throughout India and Malaya.
Neither this nor P. ¢77mervius are ever cultivated in Ceylon.

34. VIGNA, Savi.

Prostrate or twining perennial herbs, |. 3-foliolate with
stipels, fl. in short axillary racemes; cal. campanulate, segm.
nearly equal, upper not connate; keel either truncate or
curved and beaked; pod much as in Phaseolus ; from which this
Genus is scarcely distinct.—Sp. 40-50; 10 in FZ, L. Lund.

Fl. yellow, keel not beaked . ; ; ; : 3 oe , LUDROLA,
Fl. pink, keel beaked . ; ; j ; : . 2. V. VEXILLATA.

1. V.luteola, Lenth. in Thw. Enum. 90 (1859).
ae luteus, Moon Cat. 53 (non Sw.). Thw. Enum. go. C. P.
1482.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 205. Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. t. 50, f. 2.

74 Leguminose. [Clitorda.

A perennial herb, branches trailing, prostrate, quite
glabrous; l|.-rachis 2-3 in., swollen at base, stip. small,
lanceolate; Ifits. stalked, equal, 14-24 in., broadly oval or
somewhat obovate, narrowed at base, rounded at apex, quite
glabrous; fl. about 4 in., on slender ped. longer than cal., in
short racemes at end of stiff axillary peduncles usually exceed-
ing |.; cal.-segm. short, broad ; keel not beaked; pod 2-24in.,
rather broadly linear, subcylindrical, turgid, with thickened
sutures, slightly curved, apiculate, glabrous or nearly so;
seeds 5-8, $in., nearly globose, black.

Moist region, on or near the coast; rare. Galle (Gardner); Kalutara

(Moon); Colombo. FI. July; yellow.
Found in Bengal, Burma, and the Tropics generally.

V. Catiang, Endl., Wil-mé and Lz-mé, S., Kodippayam, T., and its
twining variety, Y. szwenszs, Endl., Mé-karal and Wanduru-mé, S., are
commonly grown in native gardens. Both were known to Hermann. For
figures see Duthie, Crops N.W. Prov. tt. 29, 30. The pods of V. sznenszs
are often 16 in. to 2 ft. long, the large flowers pale purple and white, and
the seeds either white or pale reddish-brown.

2. V. vexillata, Benth. in Thw. Enum. 90 (1859).
Thw. Enum. 90. C. P. 2781.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 206. Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 234, f. 302. Wight, Ic. t. 202
(V. pulnetensis).

A perennial herbaceous twiner, stem long, stout, glabrous,
the young parts with deflexed hair; l.-rachis 1-2 in. slightly
hairy, stip. small, lanceolate, acute, hairy, Iflts. 14-24, narrowly
ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, gradually tapering to acute
cuspidate apex, finely hairy on both sides; fl. large, over 1 in.,
on very short ped., few, crowded at end of axillary peduncles
longer than 1, cal. puberulous, segm. triangular with long
setaceous joints; standard very large, keel obliquely curved
into # of a circle, beaked ; pod (not seen) “ 3-4 in. by ¢ in.,
slender, thinly silky or glabrescent, 10-15 seeded.”

Moist region, I-4000 ft.; rather common. Fl. August; rose-coloured.
Cosmopolitan in the Tropics.

35. CLITORIA, Z.

Perennial twiner, 1. imparipinnate, with stipels, fl. large,
axillary, solitary; cal. long tubular, segm. nearly equal;
standard much exceeding other pet., keel slightly curved ;
stam. diadelphous; style flattened, bearded along upper side,
stigma terminal ; pod linear, flat, many-seeded.—Sp. 27; 5 in
FUSE. Ind.

Dolichos.] Leguuinose. 75

Cc. ternatea, ZL. Sf. Pi. 753 (1753). Nil-katarodu, Kata-
rodu-wel, S. Karuttappu, 7.

Herm. Mus.10. Burm. Thes. 100, tor. FI. Zeyl. n. 283. Moon Cat.
53. lhw. Enum. 88. C. P. 1485.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 208. Bot. Mag. t. 1542.

A perennial twining herb, stems long, cylindrical, with
scanty adpressed hair; 1. numerous, rachis 1$—-2 in. stip. very
small, linear, lflts. 5 or 7 (2 or 3 pair and end one), 3-14 in.,
oval or oblong-oval, shortly stalked, obtuse often emarginate,
glabrous above, slightly hairy beneath; fl. large, over I in.
long, on a drooping, short, jointed axillary ped., with 2 large
erect rotundate bracts immediately beneath it; cal. ? in., thin,
nearly glabrous, segm. long-triangular, acuminate; standard
very large, somewhat reflexed, bifid; pod 4-5 in. by 3 in.
wide, nearly straight, sharply beaked, with a few adpressed
hairs; seeds 8-12, 4 in., oblong-ovoid, greenish mottled with
brown.

Dry region, common, and perfectly wild; in moist region usually the
result of cultivation. Fl. Dec., Jan.; intensely bright blue.

Throughout the Tropics, but often cultivated.

A lovely climber; the flowers are often much larger in cultivation, and
are sometimes white. A double-flowered variety also is cultivated.

Centroseama Plumierd, Benth., is quite naturalised in the moist low
country in many places, as about Colombo. It is a native of Tropical
America.

Periandra Berteriana, Benth., is another’ weed not unfrequent about
Kandy; a native of the W. Indies.

36. DOLICHOS, Z.

Perennial twining herbs, 1. 3-foliolate with stipels, fl. solitary
or racemose; cal. campanulate, upper segm. connate, lower
longer, nearly equal; pet. nearly equal, keel not curved into a
ring, beaked or not; stam. diadelphous; style either bearded
along inner side or with a tuft of hair round terminal stigma;
pod more or less curved, usually much flattened, few-seeded.—
Sp. 20; 6in Fl. B. Ind.

Style flattened, strongly bearded along inner edge . 1. D. LABLAB.
Style filiform, not bearded on inner edge.
Fl. yellow.
L. not ciliate

L. strongly ciliate
Fl. crimson

. D. UNIFLORUS.
PIO, fey ny AN is},
. D. FALCATUS.

WN

76 Leguminosae. [Dolichos..

1. D. Lablab,* ZL. Sp. Pl. 725 (1753). Tatta -payaru,,
Minni, 7.

Herm. Mus. 60. Burm. Thes. 191. WD. albus and D. purpureus,
Moon Cat. 53. Lablab vulgaris, Savi, Thw. Enum. go. C. P. 1470.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 209. Wight, Ic. tt. 57, 203. Duthie, Crops N.W. Prov..
tt. 34, A. and B.

A perennial twining herb (annual under cultivation), stems.
stout, wide-spreading, glabrous; |.-rachis 1-2 in., slender, stip.
small, triangular, Iflts. 1-14 in. broadly ovate-rhomboid,
broader than long, very acute, glabrous on both sides; fl.
medium-sized, ped. shorter than cal., several together on short.
tumid branches of the racemose axillary panicles, peduncle
long, stout, erect, curved, glabrous; cal. glabrous, 3 lower segm.
lanceolate; standard with a horizontal thickened claw, keel
with a straight beak turned up at right angles with the rest;
style very large, much laterally flattened, also bent up at right
angles, strongly bearded; pod 14-2 in., by 4—? wide, straight
along dorsal suture, much curved along ventral edge, suddenly
truncate, tipped with long deflexed beak, nearly glabrous ;.
seeds 2 or 3, oblong-oval, compressed, hilum long, linear.

Low country; probably wild in the dry region, but much cultivated
throughout the island. Fl. Jan., Feb.; reddish-purple or white.

Throughout the Tropics of the Old World.

The above description is from the apparently wild form, but the plant is.
extremely variable under cultivation in size and shape of pod, and colour
of flowers and seed. The commonest form in the moist region (ZL. cutra-
tus, DC.) has purplish-pink fl., a curved, linear, rather inflated tapering pod
about 3 or 4 in. long, with crisped or warted sutures and white seeds. It
is the green pod that is used as a vegetable, not the ripe seed. I find no
recognised S. name. Hermann gives ‘ Hindamini,’ and Moon ‘ Peti-
dambala,’ and I have had ‘ Pal-avarai’ given me for the wild form, and.
‘ Dambala’ for the cultivated varieties.

2. D. uniflorus, Lam. Encycl. Meéth. ii. 299 (1798), var. glaber;,
Thw. ms.

Gihw. Enum./90, GC. P. 1475.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 210 (under D. dzflorus).

A perennial twining herb with a woody base, stems slender,.
with very long internodes, almost completely glabrous; |. small,
distant, rachis ?# in., slender, stip. oval, acute, ribbed, persistent,
Iflts. #-1 in., ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, quite gla-
brous, thin; fl. ¢in., on very short ped., solitary, axillary, bracts.
acuminate as long as cal.-tube; cal. widely campanulate,.
slightly hairy, segm. all acuminate; pod 24in. by + in. wide,
much flattened, somewhat curved, with a long beak, glabrous;

* The Egyptian name.

Dolichos.| Leguntinose. 7]

seeds 5 or 6, small, narrowly oblong-oval, much compressed,
brown. :

Low country to 2000 ft.; in rocky places, rather common. FI. Dec.-
March; pale yellow.

Probably general in Eastern Tropics. _

This is never cultivated in Ceylon. Whether it be rightly referred to
D. unifiorus is doubtful; I follow Thwaites. It is certainly D. axillaris,
E. Mey., of Mauritius and Trop. Africa.

D. bifiorus, L., is an annual cultivated form of D. unzflorus, or an
allied species, erect and very hairy. It is largely grown in S. India, and
the seed is well known in Ceylon as ‘ Kollu’ or ‘Madras Gram.’ It is
also cultivated here in a few places in the dry region, but to a very slight
extent. Moon gives it as ‘cult.’ (Cat. 53) under the name of Glycine
willosa, There seems to be no published figure of this well-known pulse.

3. D. ciliatus, Klein in Willd. Sp. Pi. iti. 1049 (1800).

Thw. Enum. 90. C. P. 1460.

BE. Ind: 11.°210.

A perennial twining herb with a tuberous root, stems
slender, glabrous or nearly so, buds silky; 1.-rachis 1-14 in,
tumid at base, hairy, stip. ovate, striate, rigid, persistent, Ifits.
1-24 in., oblong-oval, rounded at base, obtuse, apiculate ;
glabrous on both sides when mature, densely ciliate with
white hairs on margin, veins conspicuous beneath; fl. on very
short ped., 3-6 together in extremely short cymose racemes,
bracts oval, striate; cal. pubescent, lower segm. lanceolate,
setaceous; pod about 14in. by }in. wide, much compressed,
slightly curved, ventral margin much curved, suddenly
narrowed to curved slender beak, glabrous, slightly veiny;
seeds 2-4, 4 in., oval, compressed, dark brown.

ag region; rare. Elephant Pass (Gardner); Jaffna. Fl. Jan.; pale
jfelLiow.
: Also in Southern India.

D. falcatus, Klein in Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1047 (1800). Wal-
dambala, 5S.

Thw. Enum. go. C. P. 1472.

F]. B. Ind. ii. 211.

A small twining perennial, roots tuberous, stems very slender,
slightly hairy; 1. numerous, rachis 1-2 in., slender; stip.
narrowly triangular, acute, lfits. very variable in size, rhomboid-
ovate, acute, usually more or less 3-lobed with the lat. lobes
obtuse, glabrous on both sides; fl. #in., ped. as long as cal.,
1-3 on slender axillary peduncles shorter than 1.; cal. nearly
glabrous, lower segm. short-triangular, acute; pod 2-24 in. by
+ in. wide, distinctly curved, with a very short point, glabrous;
seeds 5 or 6, } in., oval-reniform, compressed, dark brown.

78 Leguminosae. [Atylosia.

Low country to 2000 ft.; especially in the dry region. Batticaloa;
Hantane; Peradeniya; Jaffna. FI. Jan., Feb.; bright light crimson-pink
(not ‘ yellow,’ as stated in FI. B. Ind.).

Also in India.

37. ATVLOSIA, W. and A.

Erect bush or twining herbs, |. 3-foliolate, lflts. without
stipels, dotted beneath, fl. in axillary racemes; cal. with upper
segm. completely connate, lower ones nearly equal or lowest
longest; pet. persistent, keel not beaked ; stam. diadelphous ;
pod compressed, straight, few-seeded, strongly compressed
between seeds by transverse lines; seed with a small white
2-lipped aril round hilum.—Sp. 20; 16in FV. B. Ind.

IBKeCEn ae : ; : ; ; . 1. A, CANDOLLEI.
Twining
Cal.-segm. triangular .
Cal.-segm. linear acuminate

Pod velvety ‘
Pod with long soft hair .

A. ALBICANS.

N

A, RUGOSA.
A. SCARABAOIDES.

Simice

1. A. Gandollei, W. and A. Prod. 257 (1834). Et-tora, S.

abla, lamina, Or, (Co JP, BS:

1B) 18), Harel mh, Bie \Woaerotm, GS (ts 9/8.

An erect much-branched bush, 2-4 ft., branches stout
Lionel, densely clothed with silky hair; 1. numerous, rachis

—2in., densely silky, stip. very small, caducous, Ifits. very
a stalked, 1-24 in., linear- lanceolate, acute, finely pu-
bescent above, densely felted with white or yellow _ silky
tomentum beneath, thick with reticulate veins very prominent
beneath, terminal one the largest; fl. rather large, over ? in.,
ped. silky, 4 in. long, solitary or 2 articulated on top of erect
short axillary peduncle, and enclosed in bud by two large
rounded, silky bracts which fall before fl. open; cal. very silky,
segm. linear-lanceolate, lowest longest ; pod 14-14 in., by 3 in.
wide, straight, with a short deflexed beak, 3—5-seeded, covered
with dense spreading velvety golden-brown pubescence; seeds
slightly compressed, black.

Montane zone on the patanas 3-6000 ft.; very common. FI. all the
year; bright gamboge yellow, standard red on back.

Also on the Nilgiris.

An ornamental shrub, occurring (like broom or furze) gregariously on
the open patanas.

2. A. albicans, Leth. Plant. J/ungh. 243 (1853).
Thw. Enum. 91. C. P. 2783.
IIE 185 Ikeh th BLS.

A tylosia.] Leguminose. 79

A large twining perennial herb, stems long, much-branched,
angular, finely pubescent; 1. on the main stems much larger
than on the lat. flowering branches, rachis (of the former)
3-1} in., divaricate, puberulous, stip. inconspicuous, Iflts. #-14
in., obovate-rotundate, obtuse, glabrous above, silvery-white
with minute pubescence beneath, venation not prominent; fl.
copious, }in. on rather long slender ped., 4-8 in short
corymbose racemes rather exceeding small 1. of the lat.
branchlets, often 2 from an axil, bracts roundish, soon falling ;
cal. puberulous, lower segm. equal, triangular, acute; pet. much
exserted; pod (not seen) “1-14 in., oblong-linear, beaked, 5-6-
seeded.”

Low country to about 2000 ft.; rare. Hantane; about Bibile. FI.
Jan.; yellow.
Also in S. India.

3. A. rugosa, W. and A. Prod. 257 (1834). Wal-kollu, S.

PawesP nam. O11) CP. TAT:

FI]. B. Ind. ii. 215.

A straggling semi-twining perennial herb, stems furrowed,
finely woolly; |. variable in size, rachis (of the larger ones on
the main stems) 13-2 in. woolly, stip. ovate, obtuse, incon-
spicuous, Ifits. 1}-14, obovate-rotundate, usually very obtuse,
softly velvety above, densely tomentose-velvety and white
beneath, with prominent reticulate venation, rather thick ; fl.
about 4 in., ped. pubescent, shorter than cal., 1-3 together at
end of axillary peduncles about equalling 1., bracts small ; cal.
densely pubescent, segm. lanceolate-linear, acuminate; pet.
not much exserted ; pod 1 in. by 4 in wide, with a very short
point, densely velvety-pubescent ; 3—4-seeded.

Montane zone, on dry patana land, 3-6000ft.; very common. FI.
Sept.; yellow.

Also in S. India.

4. A. scarabeoides, Benth. Pl. Jungh. iii. 243 (1854). Wal-
kollu, 5S.

Herm. Mus. 6. _ FI. Zeyl. n. 282. Dolichos scarabeotdes, L. Sp. PI.
726. Moon Cat. 53. Thw. Enum. g1. C.P. 1442.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 215. Pluk. Phytogr., t. 52, f. 3.

Annual (?) with a suberect stem and numerous slender,
cylindrical, twining pubescent branches; |. small, rachis 4-1 in.,
pubescent, stip. very small, Iflts. 4-1} in., oblong-lanceolate or
oblong-oval, obtuse, finely velvety above, softly pubescent and
grey beneath, with rather prominent venation, 3-nerved at
base, thick; fl. small, 4in., ped. shorter than cal., 2 or 3
together on very short axillary peduncles ; cal. densely hairy,

80 Leguminosae. [Dunbaria.

segm. linear-acuminate ; pet. little exserted; pod 3-?in., by
4in, wide, apiculate, covered with long soft brownish hair,
4—5-seeded, very strongly lineate between the seeds.

Low country in both dry and moist regions; rather common. FI.
December ; yellow.

Throughout India, Malaya, China, and Mascarene Is.

Hermann gives the Sinhalese names ‘ Weel-undu’ and ‘ Weel-undu-
wel’ for this.

Cajanus indicus, Spreng. is commonly cultivated in gardens. It is
‘Rata-tora,’ S., ‘ Thavarai,’ T., and ‘Chick-Pea’ of the English ; and is
mn, 279 of El, Zeyl. feured in Burm. Dhes. t. 37. It has@thes@ars
number 720, but is nowhere wild in Ceylon.

38. DUNBARIA,* VW. and A.

Woody twiners, |. pinnately 3-foliolate, lfits. with stipels,
conspicuously gland-dotted, fl. in axillary panicles; cal. with
lowest seem. much longest; pet. persistent; stam. diadelphous ;
style beardless, stigma capitate; pod linear, more or less
compressed, few-seeded, marked with lines between seeds ;
seed with a ring-like small aril—Sp. 10; 7 in FZ B. Ind.

Lfits. silky beneath, stip. caducous . 6 ; . I, D, FERRUGINEA.
Lfits. nearly glabrous beneath ; stip. persistent . 2. D. HEYNEI.

1. D. ferruginea, W. and A. Prod. 258 (1834).

C, 12s Boo

TEL 185 Wine, ii, U7.

A woody twiner, with stout, cylindrical, hairy branches ;
l. rather large, rachis 14-2 in., hairy, stip. small, lflts. 2-3 in.,
ovate-lanceolate,very acute, glabrous above when mature, finely
hairy beneath, the lat. ones dilated in lower half; fl. $in., ped.
slender, +in., hairy, numerous, in erect axillary panicles longer
than 1., bracts large, ovate, caducous; cal. covered with
ferrugineous hair, lowest segm. as long as tube; pod over
Ii in. by 3 wide, straight, witha short deflexed beak, covered
with long, silky, yellowish hair; seeds 4, nearly circular,
compressed, black.

Dry region; apparently very rare. Dambulla, 1868 (Thwaites) ;

near Bibile, Uva. Fl. Jan., Feb.
Also in S. India.

2. D. Heynei, W. and A. Prod. 258 (1834).
D. oblonga, Arn. Pug. 15. Thw. Enum. go. C.P. 1478.
Bie Bard ei. 208:

* Dedicated to Prof. George Dunbar, of Edinburgh.

Rihynchosia.] Leguminose. SI

A woody twiner, with stout much-branched stems, more
or less covered with spreading hair, petiole 4-14 in., hairy,
stip. lanceolate, acuminate, persistent, lflts. 14-3 in., rhomboid-
oval, acuminate, acute, glabrous or nearly so above, more or
less hairy on veins beneath, thin; fl. 8 in. or more, ped. slender,
hairy, longer than cal., arranged in stalked axillary panicles
exceeding |., bracts small, ovate, caducous ; cal. roughly pube-
rulous, lowest segm. very much longest; pod about 2 in. by
2 wide, nearly straight, with a rather long beak, turgid, covered
with long weak spreading glandular hair, with faintly marked
lines between the seeds; seed 4 or 5, ovoid-reniform, mottled
black and brown.

Low country; rather common up to 2000 ft. Fl. Jan.; purple.
Also in S. India.

39. ERIOSEMA, DC.

Small erect shrub, |. 1-or 3-foliolate, fl. axillary; cal. cam-
panulate, segm. equalling tube; keel-pet. shorter than wings;
stam. diadelphous; style not bearded, stigma capitate; pod
oblong, turgid; seeds 1 or 2, oblique with linear hilum.—
sp 50; iin FZ B. [nd.

E. chinense, Vogel in Meyen Obs. Bot. 31 (1843).
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 219.

A small erect slightly branched shrub with a tuberous root;
lfits. 1-2 in., linear-ligulate, with a few adpressed hairs above,
glaucous and densely pubescent beneath, stip. linear, per-
sistent; fl. 1 or 2, on short axillary ped.; cal. densely pilose;
pet. twice length of cal., pod 2in., oblong, densely pubescent.

Inserted on the authority of specimens in Hb. Kew from Col. Walker,
but without special locality.

Also in E. Bengal, Burma, Malacca, China, Philippines, and Trop.
Australia, but not in Peninsular India.

I have never met with this, which should be searched for. The
description is taken from the Fl. B. Ind. Walker’s specimens are very
dwarf, and look as if grown in dry patana land. It is possible they may
have come from E. Bengal.

40. RHYNCHOSIA, Lour.

Twining, trailing, or rarely erect, 1. pinnately 3-foliolate,
lfits. usually with stipels, gland-dotted beneath, fl. in axillary
racemes ; cal. with upper segm. more or less connate; keel-
pet. not beaked ; stam. diadelphous ; pod short, flattened or

PART I. G

82 Leguminosae. [Rhynchosia.

turgid ; seeds I or 2, with or without a small white aril round.
oblong hilum.—Sp. 80; 22 in FV. B. Lnd.

Seeds with a distinct aril.
Cal.-segm. oblong, obtuse . 5 ; é . I. R. RUFESCENS.
Cal.-segm. acuminate or setaceous.
Pod circular, 1-seeded ; annual (Vomzsmia) . 2. R. NUMMULARIA..
Pod 2-seeded ; shrubs.

Pod with a distinct partition between seeds 3. R. SUAVEOLENS.
Pod without a partition . 5 : . 4. R. CANA.

Seeds without an aril. :
Cal.-segm. oblong, obtuse (Cyanosfermum) . 5. R. CYANOSPERMA..
Cal.-segm. acute.

Racemes elongated.
Lfits. obtuse : : : : : . 6. R. MINIMA.
Lfits. acute.
Ped. very short 7. R. VISCOSA.
Ped. longer than cal. 5 . 8. R. ACUTISSIMA.
Racemes capitulate > ; A : . 9. R. DENSIFLORA.

I. R. rufescens, DC. Prod. ii. 387 (1825).

Lespedeza (?) indica, Spr., Arn. Pug. 14. Thw. Enum. 91. C.P. 1424.

HSB s indir 220) eblookea Ke Pin treo!

An erect, annual (?) herb, semi-woody below, with long,
slightly twining, densely pubescent branches; |.-rachis I-14 in.,
pubescent, stip. minute, caducous, Ifits. #-14 in., lanceolate or
oval, acute, finely silky on both sides, with raised reticulate
venation beneath; fl. rather small, shortly pedicellate, 1-4,
distant in very slender elongated racemes, bracts minute ;.
cal. finely pubescent, segm. very much longer than tube,
oblong, obtuse, imbricate, somewhat enlarged in fruit; pet.
rather shorter than cal.; pod }-3in., roundish with a short
beak, pubescent; seed solitary, black, shining, with a succulent.
2-lipped aril. _

Dry region; rather rare. Batticaloa District, common (Thwaites)..

Fl. March; yellow.
Also in India and Java.

2. R.nummularia, DC. Prod. ii. 386 (1825).

Nomismia nummularia, W. and A.,Thw. Enum. 91. C. P. 1439.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 221. Wight, Ic. t. 283.

Annual, stems long, prostrate, trailing, hairy; 1. variable
in size, rachis 1-3 in., pubescent, stip. small, ovate, acuminate,
Iflts. 1-2 in. wide, shorter than broad, truncate or very obtuse,,
thick, finely pilose on both sides, the lat. ones much dilated
in lower half; fl. small, on short ped., 4-8 in distant pairs,
racemes stalked, usually shorter than 1.; cal. hairy, segm.
lanceolate, acuminate ; pod circular, 4 in. diam., tipped with a.
sharp point, strongly wrinkled with veins on both sides,

Rhynchosia.] Leguminosae. 8
clothed with a few long hairs; seed solitary, }in., with a
rather large 2-lipped aril.

Low country; rare. Jaffna (Gardner); Colombo (Ferguson).

Also in S. India.

R. aurea, DC., is given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. on the faith of a
specimen in Hb. Kew, labelled by Bentham ‘ Ceylon, Walker.’ It is not
unlikely to occur, but has not been noticed by any one else. Figured (as
Nomismia capitata) in Wight, Ic. t. 295.

3. R. suaveolens, DC. Prod. ii. 387 (1825).

Thw. Enum. 441. C. P. 3851.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 221.

An erect undershrub, stems covered with a fine viscous
pubescence, branches numerous, spreading, slender, flexuose ;
l.-rachis 1-1} in., slender, pubescent, stip. linear, persistent,
lfits. 15-2} in., lanceolate or oval, acuminate, acute, very thin,
finely pubescent on both sides; fl. small, on short ped., soli-
tary or 2 at end of stiff slender peduncles shorter than 1.; cal.
hairy, segm. twice as long as tube, linear, setaceous ; pod 2 in.
by 4 in. wide, with a very short decurved point, finely pubes-
cent; seeds 2 with a distinct external line between them,
small, with well-marked aril.

Dry region; very rare (?). Trincomalie (Glenie).

Also in Peninsular India.

4. R. cana, DC. Prod. ii. 386 (1825).

Flemingia biflora, Moon Cat. 53. Thw. Enum. 91. C. P. 1280.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 222.

A small erect shrub, with very numerous ascending stems
with short slender lateral branches, all covered with short
dense spreading hair; 1. numerous, much larger on the stems
than on lat. branches, rachis (of former) I in., hairy, stip. very
small, acicular, lflts. 1-2 in., oval, acute (on lat. branches much
smaller, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate), slightly pubescent
above, softly velvety - pubescent, paler and with prominent
reticulate venation beneath; fl. small, on short slender nod-
ding ped., 2 together at end of peduncles shorter than 1.; cal.
hairy, segm. linear, setaceous, longer than tube; pod about
4 in. by + in. wide, with a minute apiculus, turgid, very finely
pubescent ; seeds 2 without any partition between them,
ovoid, aril small.

Low country; rather common, growing gregariously. Near Kalu-
tara; Badulla; Nilgala and Lunugala; Jaffna District. Fl. Dec.-March;
yellow.

Also in Peninsular India.

Moon gives the S. name ‘ Gas-kollu’ for this.

84 Leguminos. ae. [Rhynchosia.

5. R. cyanosperma, Lenth. in Fl. Trop. Africa, ii. 218 (1871).
Cylista tomentosa, Roxb., Moon Cat. 53. Cyanospermum tomentosum
W. and A., Thw. Enum. 92. C. P.2471

Fl, B. Ind. ii. 222. Wight, Ill. t. 84 (Cyanospermum).

A stout woody twiner, with thick, very pubescent branches;
1. large, rachis 14-4 in., softly rufous-hairy, stip. inconspicuous,
caducous, lflts. 2-34 in., broadly ovate, shortly acuminate,
finely velvety on both sides, venation conspicuous beneath,
stipels large, setaceous, hairy ; fl. rather large, # in., on ped.
shorter than cal., numerous, in rather lax softly pubescent,
erect or ascending, stout, stalked racemes longer than 1,
bracts very large, ovate, acute, velvety, quickly falling; cal.
large, densely covered with long soft silvery hair, segm. longer
than tube, oblong, very obtuse; pet. scarcely exceeding cal.,
persistent ; pod 4 in. by about + wide, slightly exceeding cal.,
with a short curved point, densely velvety with pale green
hair; seeds 2, with a constriction between them, broadly
ovoid or subglobular, very slightly compressed, shining dark
violet-blue, without an aril, remaining attached to the valves
of pod after dehiscence.

Upper zone of moist and intermediate low country; rather rare.
Ambagamuwa; Allagala; Hanguranketa; Etampitiya. Moon’s locality
is Four Korales. Fl. Jan., Feb.; pale yellowish-white.

Also in Peninsular India, E. Trop. Africa and the Mascarene Is.

Remarkable for the deep metallic blue of the seeds. Moon gives
‘ Hin-garadiya’ as the S. name.

6. R. minima, DC. Prod. ii. 385 (1825).

Burm. Thes. 188. Dolichos medicagineus, Lam., Moon Gale 53-
Thw. Enum. gt. C. P. 1440.

Fl. B. Ind. 1. 223. Burm. Thes. t. 84, fi 2.

Annual, stems numerous prostrate, trailing and slightly
twining, sien much branched, slightly GUIDES EE 1, small,
rachis 4—? in., stip. lanceolate, setaceous, lfits. 3-2 in. , broadly
oval or rhomboid - oval, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous above,
pubescent on veins beneath and conspicuously black-dotted,
terminal one often broader than long; fl. very small, 4 in., on
very short ped., 3-6, racemes lax, slender, exceeding the 1;
cal. pubescent, segm. longer than tube, lanceolate, acuminate ;
pod rather over 4in. by 4 in. wide, somewhat compressed
but slightly turgid, a little curved upwards, finely puberulous,
seeds 2, compressed without an aril.

Low country; common in the dry region, less so in the moist. FI. all
the year; yellow.

Found throughout the Tropics and at the Cape and in United States.

Moon calls this * Maha-wal-kollu.’ Burman’s description is from speci-
mens in Hartog’s collections.

Rhynchosia.] Leguminose. 85

7. R. viscosa, DC. Prod. ii. p. 387.

flemingia viscosa, Moon Cat. 54(?). &. véllosula, Thw. Enum, 412.
C. P. 3790, 3895.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 225.

Perennial, semi-woody at base, stems stout, twining, closely
set with short glandular hairs ; |. rather large, rachis 2-23 in.,
viscous-hairy, stip. narrowly triangular, acute, Iflts. 14-21 in.,
broadly trapezoid-ovate, truncate or subcordate at base, acute,
viscous-hairy on both surfaces, thin; fl. 4 in., on very short
ped., numerous, racemes close or lax, stalked, exceeding l.,
bracts ovate acuminate, soon falling; cal. viscous-hairy, segm.
acute, upper ones connate for less than half way, lowest one
much the longest; pod about 1} in. by 2 wide, narrowed at
base, tapering to long point, somewhat compressed, finely
puberulous, when young covered with long yellowish hair
afterwards deciduous; seeds 2, nearly circular, } in. diam.,
with a very small aril.

Low country; rare (?). Trincomalie (Glenie); Colombo (Ferguson).
Fl, Jan.—March; pale yellow.

Also in India, Malaya, Trop. Africa, and Mascarene Is.

8. R. acutissima, 7iw. Enum. 413 (1864).
Thw. Enum. 413. C. P. 3445.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 226.

Perennial, branches stout, twining, covered (as in whole
plant) with short, soft, fulvous hair ; 1. large, rachis 14-23 in.,
stip. lanceolate, deciduous, Iflts. 24-5 in. trapezoid-ovate,
tapering to very long acuminate acute apex, fulvous-pubescent
on both sides; fl. 4 in., ped. in pairs, rather longer than cal.,
racemes equal to or shorter than 1., bracts lanceolate, acute,
soon falling ; cal. pubescent, upper segm. connate nearly to
end, lowest conspicuously longest ; pod not seen.

Moist region; very rare. I have only seen the C. P. specimens which
were collected at 3000 ft. on Hantane in Dec. 1859. FI. pale yellow, with

red lines.
Also in Travancore.

g. R. densiflora, DC. Prod. ii. 386 (1825).
Trimen in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 144.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 226 (not given for Ceylon).

Perennial, stems slender, twining, clothed with deflexed
silvery hair; l.-rachis 14-2 in., hairy, stip. small triangular,
acute, Iflts. 14-2 in., rhomboid-ovate, acute, finely hairy on
both sides, thin, conspicuously black-dotted ; fl. 2 in., on short
hairy ped., numerous, crowded in a dense, ovoid, nearly sessile,
capitulate raceme, bracts linear, acuminate, hairy, persistent,

86 Leguminosae. [Flemingia.

dotted with red glands, tube very short, segm. linear attenuate,
two upper connate for less than half way; pod ( immature)
nearly 2 in., tapering to point, clothed with long hair, gland-
dotted, 2-seeded.

Dry region; very rare. As yet, only found at Tissamaharama near
Hambantota.

Fl. December.

Also in Peninsular India and in W. Trop. Africa.

41. FLEMINGIA,* 7ox2.

Erect shrubs, |. 1- or palmately 3-foliolate, fl. small; cal.
with a short tube and long narrow segm., 2 upper not connate,
lowest one the longest; pet. equal, keel obtuse or slightly
beaked ; stam. diadelphous, style beardless, stigma capitate;
pod small, inflated, usually 2-seeded ; seed without an aril,—
Sp 4 set lpinty bea.

L. unifoliolate.

L. 3-foliolate
Fl. in spreading panicles.
Fl. in dense racemes

. F. STROBILIFERA.

Ll

. |, LINEATA:
. F. CONGESTA.

1. FE. strobilifera, Br. in Azt. Hort. Kew., ed. 2, iv. 350 (1812).
Hampinna, S.

Herm. Mus. 53. FI. Zeyl.n. 289. Hedysarum strobiliferum, L. Sp. Pl.
746. Moon Cat. 54. Thw. Enum. 92. C. P. 697.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 227. Fl. Zeyl. t. 3. Wight, Ic. t. 267.

A shrub, 4-6 ft. high, bark smooth, grey, branches densely
pubescent with adpressed hair; 1. 1-foliolate, petiole 4 in,
hairy, stip. small, caducous, lflts. 9-5 in., ovate, often cordate
at base, acuminate, subacute, glabrous above, finely pubescent
and paler beneath, with lat. veins parallel and very prominent;
fl. small, on very short ped., 2-4 together in axils of and
completely concealed by very large conduplicate bracts which
are roundish, rather broader than long, #-1 in. by 1-1} in.,
deeply cordate at base, obscurely cuspidate, membranous,
reticulately veined, finely pubescent outside, arranged dis-
tichously and much overlapping on either side of a slender
zigzag hairy rachis (but all turned upwards) at the end of
short lateral branches; cal. pubescent; pod 4in. by }in. wide,
apiculate, densely downy, completely concealed in the per-
sistent hooded bracts; seeds 2 or 1, small, mottled.

Low country; rather common and locally abundant. FI. July, August;
white or purple.

Go N

* Commemorates Dr. John Fleming, F.R.S., ‘ Physician-General in
Bengal.’ Died 1815.

Flemingia.) Lecuminose. 87

Also in the Himalayas, E. Bengal, Burma, Malacca, Malay Is., and
Philippines.

The heads of persistent membranous pale-brown bracts are very
suggestive of hop-cones or those of Carf~zmus. The plant has a first-sight
resemblance to Desmodium pulchellum, and the fl. are arranged in much
the same way. Intermediate stages between the ordinary foliage leaves
and the hood-like bracts are often met with at the base of the flowering
‘branchlets.

2, F. lineata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 (1814).

Thw. Enum. 92. C. P. 1423.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 228. Wight, Ic. t. 327.

A small erect shrub, young branches with adpressed
pubescence ; |. 3-foliolate, rachis about 4 in. much furrowed
above, stip. conspicuous, long-acuminate, scarious, subper-
sistent, lfits. very shortly stalked, 1$-2 in., lanceolate-oblong,
narrowed at base, subacute, glabrous above, paler and very
finely silky especially on the very oblique veins beneath,
rigid ; fl. small, on very short ped., in small clusters, arranged
in pedunculate erect spreading axillary panicles shorter than
leaves, cal. puberulous, segm. linear-lanceolate; pod 3 in.,
oblong-ovoid, compressed, blunt, minutely apiculate, sparingly
pubescent.

Dry region; rare. Batticaloa (Thwaites); N. Prov. (Gardner). Fl.

Feb.
Also in India, Malaya, and N. Australia.

3. F. congesta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 (1814).

Thw. Enum. 92. C. P. 2663.

Fl. B. Ind. ii 228. Wight, Ic. t. 390.

An erect shrub, 3 or 4 ft, young branches angular,
adpressed-hairy, 1. 3-foliolate, large, rachis 3-4 in., sulcate
above, stip. caducous, Iflts. on short densely hairy stalks, 5-7 in.,
narrowly rhomboid-lanceolate, rounded at base, tapering to
long acute apex, glabrous above, sparingly adpressed-hairy
beneath ; fl. on very short ped., crowded in dense, oblong,
sessile racemes often 2 or 3 from same axil, rachis silky, bracts
small, lanceolate, acuminate, silky, soon falling; cal. densely
adpressed-hairy, segm. linear-setaceous; pod 3 in., oblong-
ovoid, blunt, inflated, apiculate, very finely pubescent.

Var. 6, semialata, Paker. F. semialata, Roxb., Moon Cat. 54;
Thw. Enum. 92. C. P. 256, 3584. Wight, Ic. t. 326.

Rachis margined with a narrow leafy wing; racemes
elongated.

Low country; rather common. The type in Ambagamuwa, near the
Maskeliya River. Var. 8, Colombo; Badulla; Batticaloa, Fl. Feb,
March; pale pink.

88 Leguminose. [Dalbergia

Also in India, Malaya, Philippines, China.

Moon gives ‘ Wal-undu’ as the S. name. C. P. 3584, which has the:
leaves narrower, obtuse and densely pubescent beneath, is probably the
variety W7zghtiana of F1. B. Ind.

42. DALBERGIA, L. 7.

Trees or climbing shrubs, |. pinnate, with alternate lfits.,.
fl. small, in axillary panicles; cal.-tube campanulate, segm.
short, the upper 2 not connate; keel-pet. connate at top only;.
stam. 9, monadelphous, or 10 in two bundles of 5 ; style short,.
stigma capitate; pod indehiscent, much compressed, usually
thin, 1-4-seeded.—Sp. 60-70; 28 in FZ. B, Ind.

Stam. 9, monadelphous; climber . ; . . I. D. CHAMPIONII.
Stam. 10, in 2 bundles of 5 each

Tree, pod straight . F - 3 ; . 2. D.LANCEOLARIA.
Climber, pod falcate : 5 : : . 3. D. MONOSPERMA..

I. D. ppemlont? Thw. Enum. 94 (1859). Bambara-wel, S.
GaP Or
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 232.

A scandent shrub, climbing by means of hooked lateral
twigs, bark light brown, young parts clothed with very fine:
yellow pubescence ; |. rather large, rachis 14-3 in., cylindrical,
glabrous, stip. small, oblong, obtuse, falling before 1. expand,
lflts. I-4, on stout wrinkled stalks, oval, caudate-acuminate,
quite glabrous on both sides; fi. rather small, 2 in., on slender
ped. nearly as long as cal., panicles shorter than 1.; cal. very
finely pubescent, upper segm. very short, broad, obtuse, lower
acute, pet. with very long claws; stam. 9, monadelphous; pod
distinctly stalked, 24-22in., by 3 in. wide, straight, very flat,.
obtuse, finely pubescent, with reticulate venation over seed 3.
seed solitary, 1fin., oblong, much flattened.

Moist region, 2000-4000 ft.; rather rare. Deltota; Hantane; Dolos-
bagie; Ella. Fl. April, May; white.

Found also in Borneo.

If D. pseudo-Sissoo, Miq., of Java, should prove to be the same plant,.
that name has priority over Thwaites’.

_D. latifolia, Roxb., has occurred in one or two places, but I do not
think it wild. Trees have been grown for very many years in the Botanic
Gardens, and seedlings distributed. It is figured in Wight, Ic. t. 1156,
and Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 24.

2. D. lanceolaria, L. f/f. Suppl. Pl. 316 (1781). Weluruvai, 7.

D. zeylanica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53. D. frondosa, Roxb., Thw. Enum-
94; Trim. Syst. Cat. 27. C. P. 1496.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 235. Wight, Ic. t. 266.

Dalbergia.) Leguminosae. 89

A large tree, bark smooth, greyish-white, young shoots
glabrous ; |. rather large, rachis 5-7 in., slender, stip. minute,
soon falling, Iflts. 10-15, on stalks }-+in. long, 1-14 in,
obovate-oval, acute at base, emarginate, glabrous above,
whitish or glaucous beneath with a very fine mealy puberu-
lence, lat. veins very oblique, numerous, parallel, conspicuous ;
fi. small, 2 in., panicles short, very numerous from axils of
young l., ped. shorter than cal., cal. hairy, segm. lanceolate,
subacute, the lowest conspicuously longest; stam. in two
bundles of 5 each; pod 24in. by } in. wide, straight, long-
stalked, tapering to acute apex and gradually to base, thin and
flexible, nearly glabrous, reticulate-veined over seeds; seeds
1-4, +—2 in., oval, compressed.

Low country, chiefly in the dry region; rather rare. Jaffna; Elephant
Pass; Vavuniya; Mulliativu; Trincomalie; Deltota. Fl. May-—Aug.;
pale violet, cal. brownish-purple.

Also throughout Peninsular India.

A beautiful tree when profusely covered with flowers and young leaves.

Koenig’s full description of the Ceylon plant in ‘Supp. Pl.’ does not
quite agree with ours, but his Indian specimens (from Tranquebar) in
Mus. Brit. are certainly the same species. The specific name applies to
the shape of the pod.

D. zeylanica, Roxb., sent to the Calcutta Bot. Garden by Gen. Hay
Macdowall in 1801 under the Sinhalese name ‘Belloo-labba,’ is very
briefly described in F1. B. Ind. iii. 228, but is probably this.

D. volubilis, Roxb., is recorded from Ceylon in FI. B. Ind. ii. 235, on
the faith of specimens in Hb. Kew, collected by Mrs. Walker, but there is
no other record. Should be looked for; figured in Roxb. Pl. Cor. t. 191.

3. D. monosperma, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 36 (1850).

Thw. Enum. 94. C. P. 243.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 237.

A stout scandent shrub, scrambling by means of its
divaricate lateral twigs often hooked at the ends, bark
purplish-black, smooth; 1. closely placed, rachis 14-24 in.,
cylindrical, nearly glabrous, Iflts. 4-6, shortly stalked, 14-14 in.,
oval or obovate-oval, obtuse, often emarginate, generally acute
at base, glabrous above, paler and very finely pubescent
beneath ; fl. small, under } in., ped shorter than cal., panicles
very short, under 1 in., crowded, bracts beneath cal. oval,
obtuse; cal. nearly glabrous, segm. short, obtuse; stam. in two
bundles of 5; pod tin. by 3 in. wide, very shortly stalked,
falcately curved, acute, glabrous, 1-seeded.

Near the seacoast, especially in Mangrove swamps, scrambling over
bushes; rather rare. Panadure; Trincomalie; Koddiyar. Fl. Aug.-
Nov.; dull pink.
pee on shores of India, Malaya, Philippines, N. Australia, and

ina,

90 Leguminose. [Pongamia.

43. PTEROCARPUS, J.

Tree, 1]. pinnate with alternate lfits., without stip., fl.
moderate-sized in terminal panicles; cal. urceolate, curved,
with very short equal segm.; pet. with long claws, margins
crisped, keel-pet. very slightly coherent ; stam. 10, monadel-
phous, fil. unequal; ov. with 2 ovules, stigma terminal, pod
indehiscent, stalked, flat, broadly winged, 1-seeded.—Sp. 15 ;
Ain FL. B. L[nd.

P. Marsupium, orb. Cor. Pl. ii. 9 (1798). Gammalu, S.
WVenkai, 7.

P. bilobus, Roxb., Moon Cat. 52. Thw. Enum. 92. C. P. 1495.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 239. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 21. Bentl. and Trim. Med.
Pl. t. 81 (from a Ceylon specimen).

A tree with a stout crooked stem and wide-spreading
branches, bark thick, yellowish-grey, young parts glabrous; 1.
large, rachis 3-4 1in., cylindrical, thickened at base, glabrous,
Iflts. 4-6, alternate, on +4 in. stalks, 24-34 in., acute at base,
more or less bilobed at apex, glabrous on both sides, shining
above, thick, lat. veins very numerous, parallel and prominent;
fl. £in., articulated on short ped., panicles 3-6 in., rather lax,
bracts beneath cal. small, deciduous; cal. finely velvety-pilose,
segm. broadly triangular; pod indehiscent, nearly circular,
about 1in. diam., very much curved upwards, the small beaked
apex being almost in contact with the base, surrounded by a
very broad, rigid undulate veined wing, glabrous; seed small,
kidney-shaped.

Low country, chiefly in the dry and intermediate regions up to 3oo0oft.,
rather common; in the moist region on open grass land, rarer. Common
about Navalapitiya. FI. July—Sept.; bright yellow.

Also in Southern India.

Good specimens are in Brit. Mus. collected by Keenig in 1781.

A dark red gum-resin (Kino) exudes from the bark, and is used as a
medicine and for outward application. Affords a fine timber, very hard,
heavy, dark reddish-brown, durable, containing a red resin.

44. PONGAMIA,* Vezt.

Tree, 1. imparipinnate, fl. in axillary racemes; cal. campa-
nulate, almost truncate at mouth; pet. much exserted, standard
very broad, keel-pet. coherent near tip; stam. 10, monadel-
phous, but the uppermost one free for half way down ; stigma

* From Pougam, the name given in Rheede, Hort. Malab. for the tree.

Dervis. Leguminosae. gl

capitate; pod woody, indehiscent, much compressed, not
winged, 1-seeded.—Monotypic.

P. glabra, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 28 (1803). Magul-karanda, S.
Punku, 7.

Dalbergia arborea, Willd., Moon Cat. 51. Thw. Enum. 92. C.P. 1489.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 240. Wight, Ic. t. 59. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 177.

A large tree, bark soft, grey, not cracked or furrowed, buds
slightly puberulous ; |. large, rachis about 5 in., glabrous, stip.
small, oblong, obtuse, soon falling, Iflts. 5-9 (2-4 pairs and an
end one), 3—5 in., on thick stalks, oval or lanceolate, acute at
base, acuminate, glabrous and shining on both sides, thin,
bright green; fl. gin., ped. rather long, slender, swollen at
base, articulated, often in pairs, racemes often 2 together,
elongated, about equalling 1., cal. minutely puberulous, pod
about 2 in. by 14 in. wide, scarcely stalked, pointed, oval-oblong,
glabrous.

Low country, banks of streams and rivers, especially near the coast;
common. FI. April; greenish-pink or white, with cal. purplish-brown.

Throughout Tropical Asia, and in Seychelles.

Wood moderately hard, yellowish-white, not durable. The seeds
afford an oil which is used in skin diseases.

45. DERRIS, Lour.

Climbing shrubs, |. imparipinnate, lflts. without stipels, f1.
very numerous, in axillary or terminal panicles or racemes ;
cal. shallowly campanulate, segm. very short; pet. much
exserted, keel-pet. slightly connate; stam. monadelphous or
diadelphous, stigma capitate; pod indehiscent, flat, with a
narrow wing along dorsal suture, 1-4-seeded.—Sp. 40; 23 in
FI. B. Ind.

Stam. monadelphous or imperfectly diadelphous.
Standard without calli at base ; Iflts. 3-9.
Lfits. 14-2 in.

Fls. in clusters, in long elongated panicles 1. D. SCANDENS.
Fls. 2 or 3 together, in short panicles 2, D. PARVIFLORA.
Lfits. 2-3 in.
Fl. in simple racemes ; 3. D. ULIGINOSA.
FJ. in much-branched panicles ; 4. D. PANICULATA.
Standard with 2 callosities at base; Iflts. 9-13 5. D. OBLONGA.
Stam. distinctly diadelphous ; ; ; 6. D. SINUATA.

1. D. scandens, Penth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 103 (1860).
Kala-wel, 5. Tekil, 7:

Thw. Enum. 413 and (Brachyplerum scandens, W. and A.) 93. C. P.
1492.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 240. Wight, Ic. t. 275 (Brachyplerum).

92 Leguminosae. [Derris:.

A large far-reaching climber, stems smooth, dark purplish,,
young parts pubescent; |.-rachis about 3 in., deeply channelled,
stip. small, soon falling ; lfits. usually 9 (4 pair and end one)
14-2 in. long, on short stalks, oblong-lanceolate, acute at base,
obtuse often emarginate at apex, quite glabrous when mature
on both sides, rather rigid; fl. small, 3 in., very numerous, on
rather long slender ped., with 2 very small obtuse bracts just
below cal., arranged in clusters on the very short nodular
branches of elongated narrow, pendulous, terminal and axillary
racemose panicles 10-18 in. long; cal. finely pubescent; stam.
monadelphous ; pod 17-24 in., by about 4 in. wide, oblong-
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, pointed, straight, very finely
hairy, 1-3-seeded.

Dry region; very common. FI. Aug.—Sept.; white.

Also in India, Burma, Malaya, Trop. Australia, and China.

Very beautiful in the driest season when little else is in blossom im

the dry forest country; its great masses of pure white flowers drooping:
from the tops of the trees.

2. D. parviflora, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 105 (1860).
Thw. Enum. 413 and (Brachypterum elegans, Thw.) 93. C. P. 2508.
F]. B. Ind. ii. 240.

A climbing shrub, perfectly glabrous throughout; 1.-rachis.
3-4 in., lfits. usually 7 (3 pair and end one), 14-2 in., acute at
base, shortly acuminate, quite glabrous, paler beneath and
when young very finely reticulate; fl. as in D. scandens, but
only 2 or 3 on each node and with panicles much shorter,
scarcely as long as 1. and more branched; cal. quite glabrous,
segm. acute; pod 14-2? in., by scarcely 4 in. wide, narrowly
oblong, obtuse at both ends, glabrous, 1-3-seeded.

Low country, principally in the dry region; rather rare. Deltota ;

Uma-oya; near Tirapane, N.C. Province. Fl. June-August, pale purple.
Endemic.
The specific name is unfortunate, as the flowers are as large as in
D. scandens, but Thwaites’ one is preoccupied by D. elegans, Benth. of
Burma. The young leaves turn black in drying.

[D. robusta, Benth. (Dalbergia Krowee, Roxb.) is given for Ceylon in
Fl. B. Ind., and has been sent from here by many collectors (Gardner,
Walker, Macrae, &c.). It is a large tree, not a climber, and has long been
cultivated in the Bot. Gardens, &c., but has no claim to be considered a
native. Wight, Ic. t. 244.]

3. D. uliginosa, Benth. Pl. Jungh., 3, 252 (1854). Bala-wel, S.

Herm. Mus. 21. Fl. Zeyl.n. 417. Thw. Enum. 92. C. P. 1494.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 241. Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. t. Suppl. 41 (Pongamia
triphylla).

A strong woody climber, bark dark grey, with large, scat-
tered lenticels ; 1. rather large, rachis 3-4 in., Iflts. 3-7 (1-3

Dervis. Leguminose. 93

pair and end one), 14-3 in., oval or ovate-oval, rounded at
base, obtusely acuminate, quite glabrous, rather thick, minutely
reticulate ; fl. on short ped. arranged in simple axillary
racemes often from the old wood and 4-6 in. long; cal. finely
pilose, truncate with obscure segm., stam. monadelphous or
diadelphous ; pod rather over 1 in., as broad as long, nearly
circular, shortly apiculate, glabrous, veined; seed solitary,
+4 in., kidney-shaped, compressed.

Low country near the seacoast, chiefly in the dry region ; common.
Fi. March, August; pink.

Found also in India, China, Polynesia, Trop. Australia, E. Trop.
Africa, and Madagascar.

Though included in his FI. Zeyl., where he referred it to the genus
Pterocarpus, Linnzeus never subsequently named this species; he has
confused all subsequent writers by having quoted for it an old figure and
description of a Trop. American plant, Pzerocarpus Draco.

Hermann notices the use of this plant as a fish-poison, for which the
roots are still employed. The leaves turn yellow in drying. Ropes and
fishing-lines are made of the strong fibre from the stem.

4. D. paniculata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 105 (1860).

Brachypterum Benthamiz, Thw. Enum. 93. D. Benthamiz, Thw.
Enum. 412. C. P. 2925.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 242.

A woody climber, with slender dark-coloured lenticellate
branches, young parts with fine fulvous pubescence; 1-rachis
3-4 in., cylindrical, stiff, lflts. 3-7, 1-3 in., stalked, lanceolate-
oblong, obtuse, acuminate, twisted at apex, rounded at base,
glabrous, coriaceous ; fl, numerous, ped. about as long as cal.
panicles terminal, 4-8 in. long, much-branched, drooping,
fulvous-pubescent ; cal. pubescent, upper segm. absent, lower
triangular, obtuse, stam. monadelphous but the uppermost
partially free; pod 1-1#in., oblong, compressed, apiculate,
finely fulvous-tomentose, I—2-seeded.

Dry region ; very rare. Uma-oya (Thwaites). It was also collected

by Walker, but the locality is not known. FI. July; very pale pink,
cal. red.

Endemic.

5. D. oblonga, Lenth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 112 (1860).
{PLATE XXIX. ]

Thw. Enum. 413 and (D. ovalifolia, Benth. var.) 92. C. P. 1493.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 242.

A strong woody climber, bark dark grey, smooth, with
large distant lenticels, young parts puberulous ; |. large, rachis
4-6 in., glabrous, Iflts. 9-13 (4-6 pair and end one), stalked,
2-24 in., lanceolate-oblong, acute at base, obtuse often emar-
ginate at apex, glabrous, paler beneath, stip. conspicuous with

94 Leguminosae. [ Sophora.

young 1. rotundate, adnate to stem, covered with orange
pubescence; fl. fully 4in, ped. as long as cal., racemes
numerous, sessile, coming from the base of the shoots below
the young 1. 3-4 in. long; cal. slightly pilose, upper segm.
nearly absent, lower ones shallow, broadly triangular; standard
with 2 callosities at base; stam. monadelphous but upper one
partly free ; pod 14-2 in. by over ? in. wide, much compressed,
acutely pointed, glabrous, 1-seeded.

Moist region, 2000-4000 ft.; rare. Sabaragamuwa; Kitulgala; Han-
tane. Fl. March; white, tipped with pink, or all pale violet-pink, cal.
coppery-pink.

Also in Western India.

A very ornamental climber; the young leaves, twigs, &c., are of the
same coppery-pink colour as the calyx.

6. D. sinuata, Benth. in Thw. Enum. 93 (1859).

Herm. Mus. 16. Fl. Zeyl. n. 164. Sophora heptaphylla, L. Sp. Pl.
373 (non Auct. post.). Thw. Enum. 93. C. P. 1491.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 246.

A large scandent shrub with pale bark; 1.-rachis 4—7 in.
smooth, Iflts. 7 (3 pair and end one), on thick petioles + in.
long, about 3 in., oval or lanceolate, rounded at base, obtuse
and emarginate at apex, somewhat conduplicate, perfectly
glabrous, coriaceous; fl. $ in., articulated on hairy ped. shorter
than cal., panicles large elongated terminal; cal. pilose, nearly
truncate; standard without callosities at base; stam. distinctly
diadelphous; pod 24-5 in. by 1 in. wide, tapering to base,
usually beaked, glabrous, shining, veined, 1—4-seeded, often.
contracted at the places where seeds have not developed.

Low country, chiefly on the coast; rather rare. Colombo; Kalutara;:
Weligama; Batticaloa. Fl. Feb., September; pale pink.

Also in Malaya.

Hermann’s excellent specimens, which are in flower but without fruit,
show Linnzeus’ Sofhora heptaphylla to be nies ; but in his later books
Linnzus has quoted Rumph. Amboin. iv. t. 22 (which looks like a true
Sophora), and has thus confused subsequent es (see under Sophora
zeylanica).

Hermann gives the name ‘ Radaliya’ for this, which belongs rightly to.
Connarus monocarpus.

46. SOPHORA, JL.

Trees or shrubs, |. imparipinnate, Iflts. without stipels, fl.
numerous in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes; cal. cam-
panulate or cup-shaped, oblique, more or less truncate with
very short segm.; pet. about equal, with long claws, keel-pet.
obtuse; stam. 10, free to base or nearly so; stigma capitate ;

Sophora.| Leguminose. 95

pod moniliform, indehiscent, few-seeded.—Sp. 20; 10 in FZ.
B. Ind.

Lfits. 15-23.
Fl. yellow : : : 4 : ye Pale - I. S. TOMENTOSA.
Fl. violet . : ‘ : : : : 2a OM VLOLAGCHA:
Lfits. 7-11; fl. white . : 3 ; ‘ F 5 35 Sb ZBYILAINTICA,

1. S. tomentosa, Z. Sf. P/. 373 (1753). Mudu-murunga, S.
é oe Mus. 11. Fl. Zeyl. n. 163. Moon Cat. 33. Thw. Enum. 94.

ae LAO.

Big) Hicen. Hort. Lusd- Batt 172:

A small tree, the branches and whole plant covered with
short, soft, grey velvety pubescence; |. large, shortly stalked,
rachis 4-7 in., cylindrical, tumid at base, Iflts. 15-17 (7 or 8
pair and end one) often alternate, shortly stalked, 1-14 in.,
broadly oval, obtuse and rounded at both ends, the margin
somewhat reflexed, rather thick, the lower surface with more
dense pubescence; fl. rather large #-1 in., ped. as long as cal.,.
jointed near the top, rather closely arranged in stout, erect
stalked racemes about 6 in. long, bracts acicular, shorter than
ped., deciduous; cal. somewhat inflated, densely velvety, segm.
very small, tooth-like; pod long-stalked, 2-6in., moniliform,
the joints separated by narrow necks as long as themselves,
sharply pointed, covered with velvety down ; seeds 1-8, 2 in.
diam., nearly globular, pale brown.

On the seashore; rather rare. Bentota; Galle; Batticaloa; Jaffna.
Fl. July, Aug.; sulphur-yellow.

On Tropical shores throughout the world.

2. S. violacea, Thw. Enum. 94 (1859).

CAP: 3546.

FL. B. Ind. ii. 249.

A small undershrub, bark pale yellowish-grey, young parts
finely pubescent, |. numerous, closely placed, spreading, rachis
5-8 in., slender, cylindrical, nearly glabrous, lflts. 17-23 (8-11
pair and end one) very shortly stalked, oblong-oval #-1 in.,
obtuse at both ends, glabrous, thin, glaucous beneath; fl.
numerous, over #in., ped. as long as cal., pubescent, racemes
erect, 6-8 in., bracts minute; cal. tubular-campanulate, set.
obliquely on ped., slightly pilose, segm. very shallow, rounded ;
pod 2-3 in., stalked, moniliform with a broad flattened neck
between the joints and shorter than them, long-beaked, seeds
1-4, ovoid, compressed, red, afterwards brown.

Low country; very rare. Near Dewinuwara bet. Matara and Dik-

welle, S. Proy. (Thwaites); near Trincomalie (W. Morris). Fl. April,
Sept.; violet.

96 Leguminosae. [Pericopsis.

Endemic. :
Discovered by Thwaites in 1857. A pretty plant, now much grown in
Ceylon gardens.

3. S. zeylanica, 77im. [PLATE XXX.]

S. heptaphylla, Arn. Pug. 10 (non L.); Thw. Enum. 94; Trim. Syst.
Gat 27/3 Gaba 570:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 250. (S. heptaphylla.)

A much-branched bush to-12 ft. high, young branches finely
tomentose with fulvous hair, buds densely brown-velvety; 1.
numerous, spreading, shortly stalked, rachis 4-6 in., narrowly
furrowed above, fulvous-tomentose, stip. minute, acicular, lfits.
7-11 (3-5 pair and end one), often alternate, 15-24 in., ovate-
oval, acuminate, obtuse, glabrous on both sides, shining above,
dull and paler beneath; fl. rather small, numerous, articulated
on divaricate pilose ped. about as long as cal., racemes 4-6 in.,
lax, spreading; cal. finely fulvous-pilose, funnel-shaped and
thickened at base, above expanding into broadly cup-shaped
limb, obliquely truncate, segm. very small, tooth-like; pod
14-2 in., tapering to short stalk, strongly beaked, much
constricted bet. joints, slightly compressed, thin, veiny,
glabrous when mature, when young densely covered with
brown silk ; seeds 1 or 2, 2in., broadly ovoid, bright dark red.

Montane zone, 4000-7000 ft.; rare. Hunasgiriya (Thwaites); about
Nuwara Eliya. Fl. Jan., Feb.; white.

Endemic. The locality ‘China’ given in Fl. B. Ind. is an error, the
plant there being a species of Cladrastis (see Hemsley in Journ. Linn.
Soc. xxiii. 201).

Walker-Arnott (1. c.) seems to have been the first to apply Linnzeus’
name S. heptaphylla to this montane plant. The name belongs to Derris
sinuata (q. v.): Hermann, of course, had no opportunity of collecting
any hill species. In FI. B. Ind. the flowers are erroneously described
as yellow.

S. Wightit, Baker, of the Nilgiri Hills seems to differ chiefly in its
much larger flowers; this is S. heptaphylla, Wight (non Arn.), figured
jn cht LS 5.

47. PERICOPSIS, 7iw.

A large tree, ]. pinnate with large alternate lfits., fl. large,
in terminal and axillary panicles; cal. campanulate, attenuated
below, segm. deeply cut, the upper ones connate; pet. nearly
equal, keel-pet. slightly coherent ; stam. 10, quite free; stigma
small, oblique; pod large oblong, compressed, coriaceous,
indehiscent, few-seeded ; seed compressed, with a very small
hilum.—Monotypic and endemic.

Leguminose. 97

P. Mooniana, 7iw. Enum. 414 (1864). Nédun, S. [PLATE
BOCK |

Dalbergia lanceolaria, Moon Cat. 51 (non L. f.). D. Mooniana, Thw.
Enum. 93. C.P 439.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 252. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 187.

A large tree with thick trunk, bark smooth, pale brownish-
pink on trunk and flaking off in thin flat pieces, reddish-grey
on twigs, buds slightly silky; 1. large, rachis 6-10 in., cylin-
drical, stout, glabrous, much swollen at base, lflts. 6-8, always
alternate, shortly stalked 24-3 in., oval, rounded at base,
shortly acuminate, subacute, glabrous on both sides, shining
above, rather paler beneath; fl. nearly 1 in., ped. stout, nearly
as long as cal. and jointed immediately beneath it, with 2
minute bractlets, panicles broad, lax; cal. nearly glabrous,
thick, tube narrowed below, segm. broadly lanceolate, acute,
as long as tube; pod 3-6 in. by 14 in. wide, shortly stalked,
pointed, flattened, coriaceous, glabrous, thickened at the
sutures, veiny, usually straight, occasionally constricted at
places where seed has not developed; seeds 1-6, oval, over
4 in., flattened, smooth, pale orange-red.

Moist low country to 1000 ft., especially by river banks; formerly
common, but becoming rarer. Moon’s locality was Kalutara. Fl. Dec.—
March; dark blackish-purple.

Endemic.

The timber is much used for household furniture, and is one of our
best woods for the purpose, pale orange-brown varied with darker lines,
smooth and shining, moderately hard, but easily worked. The pod is
indehiscent, but ultimately breaks up into one-seeded joints.

II. CASALPINIEA.

Leaves bipinnate.

Neither suture of pod winged ; ; . 48. CASALPINIA.
Both sutures winged . : ‘ | ; . 49. PELTOPHORUM.
Dorsal suture only winged . , : : . 50. MEZONEURUM.

Leaves pinnate.
Cal. without a tube.

Pet. 5.
Pod many-seeded . ; , ; : . 51. CASSIA.
Pod 1-seeded : , , A : . 52. CYNOMETRA.
Pet. o.
Stam. 2 5 r 2 5 ; : . 53. DIALIUM.
Stam. 10 : ; , , ; ‘ . 54. CRUDIA.
Cal. with a conspicuous tube.
Pet. o : ; ; ; ; , ‘ - 55. SARACA,
Pet. 5 ; 2 ; - A ; 7 . 50. HUMBOLDTIA,
Leaves simple, 2-lobed_ . i 7 i 3 . 57. BAUHINIA.

PART II. i

98 Leguuiinose. [Cesalpinia.

Our 26 species of this sub-order are all low-country plants, only one,
Cassia mimosoides, reaching a little way up into the montane zone.
Peltophorum, Dialium and Bauhinia are nearly confined to the dry
region; Mezoneurum, Crudia and Humboldtia to the moist country ;
many species of Cassza are very common weeds. There are but two
endemic species, Dialium ovoideum, and Crudia zeylanica.

48. CHESALPINIA,* Z.

Prickly woody climbers, |. abruptly bipinnate, fl. large, in
terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; cal. with an ex-
panded flattened base, segm. very deep, imbricate, the lowest
much the largest and covering the bud like a hood; pet.
clawed, spreading, the uppermost much the smallest; stam. Io,
distinct, declinate, 5 often longer than others; pod flattened,
slowly dehiscent, 1- or few-seeded.—Sp. 40; 10 in FZ. B. nd.

Pod very spiny (Guzlandina) . : : : . I. C. BONDUC.
Pod not spiny.
Lflts. 2-3 pairin each pinna . : ° ° . 2. C. NUGA
Lfits. 6-9 pair . : é : : ‘ : . 3. C. SEPIARIA.
Lflts. 10-12 pair. ; : : : : . 4. C. DIGYNA.

1. ©. Bondue, ford. Hort. Beng. 32 (1814). Kumburu-wel, S.
Punaikkalaichchi, 7.

Guilandina Bonduc, L., Moon Cat. 34. Thw. Enum. 94. C. P. 1524.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 255. Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. t. 48.

A stout climbing shrub, stems with fine grey pubescence
and scattered usually straight small prickles; 1. very large,
main rachis 5—7 in., cylindrical, finely woolly-pubescent, pinnz
6-8 pair, 14-24 in., spreading nearly at right angles, all with
numerous hooked prickles, usually in pairs on the under
surface, no stip., lflts. numerous, 10-14 (5-7 pair) to each
pinna, very shortly stalked, oval or oblong-oval, rounded at
base, obtuse, strongly mucronate, glabrous above, pubescent
on midrib and margin beneath; fl. moderate-sized, articulated
with ped., ped. as long as cal., pubescent, bracts linear, longer
than cal., caducous, racemes long-stalked, pyramidal; cal.
densely tomentose-pubescent ; pod shortly stalked, 24-34 in.
by 14 in. wide, ovoid, compressed, pubescent and covered with
very numerous long sharp spines, dehiscent; seeds 1-3, nearly
globular, $in., with a long funicle, smooth, greenish-grey.

Low country, especially near the seacoast; rather common, clamber-
ing over trees and bushes. Fl. Feb.; bright yellow.

* Commemorates Andrea Czesalpini of Arezzo, the founder of system-
atic botany. Died 1603.

Casalpinia.] Leguminose. 99

Also in India, Malaya, Polynesia, and the W. Indies.
The root has a reputation as a tonic medicine.

C. Bonducella, Flem. (Guzlandina, L.). There are specimens of'this
in Hermann’s Herb., and it is n. 156 of Fl. Zeylan. Moon also (Cat. 34)
gives it for Kalutara. It is common in nearly all Tropical countries, and
probably occurs here, but I have not met with it. Distinguished from
C. Bonduc by its smaller leaflets and the possession of stipules; and
figured in Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. t. 49, and in Bentl. and Trim. Med.
PL. t.: $5.

2. ©. Nuga,* Azz. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 32 (1811). Diya-wawul-
étiya, S.

Fl. Zeyl.n. 157, C. paniculata, Roxb., Moon Cat. 34; Thw. Enum.
Op nGE! 4525.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 255. Wight, Ic. t. 36 (C. paniculata).

A large woody climber, bark rough, fibrous, yellowish-
grey, young branches glabrous, dark green, distantly set with
extremely sharp hooked black prickles which are persistent
and become ultimately raised on a mamilliform corky base ;
1. large, main rachis about 5 in., pinne 2 pair, all smooth
and polished, cylindrical, with very small, sharp, hooked
prickles beneath at the insertion of the Iflts., lflts. 4 :arely 6
(2 or 3 pair) distinctly stalked, distant, 2-24 in., ovate-oval,
obtuse, glabrous, paler beneath; fl. on rather long ped., racemes
or panicles terminal and axillary, buds globular; cal. glabrous,
segm. very obtuse; fil. hairy in lower half; pod 24-24 in. by
1} in. wide, flattened, tapering at base to very short stalk,
sharply beaked, glabrous, dark brown, leathery-woody, slowly
dehiscent ; seed solitary, oval-rotund, compressed, over # in.,
smooth, purplish-brown.

Low country up to 3000 ft.; rather common. FI. August; yellow,
sweet-scented.

Aliso throughout the Eastern Tropics.

The specimen in Hermann’s Herbarium isa very bad one, but certainly
C. Nuga; it was first called by Linneus Cesalpinia Crista in Sp. PI.
380, and afterwards, in Mant. ii. 378, referred to G. Bonduc, and he did
not recognise it as his G. Muga.

C. Sappan, L., Pattangi, S., the ‘Sappan Wood,’ is a very ancient
introduction to Ceylon, and is frequently met with in a semi-wild state,
or planted as afence. There are specimens in Hermann’s Herb. (FI. Zeyl.
n. 158), and it was formerly much cultivated as a dye-wood, and exported
to a large amount, but is now little grown. It is native to India and
Malaya, and is figured in Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. go.

C. pulcherrima, Sw. (Poinciana, L.), the ‘Peacock-flower,’ is very
common in native gardens. It is found throughout the Tropics, but not
known in the wild state. There are specimens in Hermann’s Herb. (FI.
Zeyl. n. 159).

* Nuge silvarum is Rumphius’ name for this in Herb. Amboin. v.
P- 94, t. 50.

100 Leguminosae. [Caesalpinia:

3. ©. sepiaria, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 (1814).

Thw. Enum. 95. C. P. 3602.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 256. Wight, Ic. t. 37 (poor).

A stout woody climber, branches finely downy with few
small yellow prickles ; |. large, main rachis 5—7 in. with 4-6
pair, pinnz pubescent, with small hooked prickles beneath,
Iflts. 12-18 (6-9 pair), very shortly stalked, $-3in., oblong,
rounded at both ends, pilose on both sides, paler beneath; fl.
large, 14 in., ped. 1-1} in., stout, hairy, ascending, racemes
terminal, large 6-12 in. long, erect, bracts long, lanceolate,,
acuminate, caducous; cal. finely but densely pubescent, segm.
very obtuse, reflexed, pet. shortly clawed, reflexed; stam.
much exserted, fil. woolly for more than lower half; pod 4 in.
by 1% wide, not stalked, sharply beaked, pubescent with
deciduous hairs, orange-brown, somewhat veiny, tardily
dehiscent ; seeds 6-8, oblong, 2in., greenish, mottled.

Var. 8, auricoma, 77277.

More robust, whole plant including prickles densely
covered with a velvet of soft spreading bright golden-yellow |
hair; |. larger 9-12in., with 8-10 pair of pinnz; prickles.
larger and more numerous.

Low country, and up to 4500 ft., especially in the dry and intermediate
regions. Var. 8, lower montane region to 5000 ft. Matale; Maturata;,
Uda Pusselawe. Fl. March, April, September; bright chrome-yellow,
filaments crimson.

Also in India, Malaya, China, and Japan.

Var. 8 is a very handsome plant, which further examination may, show
to be a distinct species. I have not seen the fruit.

[C. mzmosozdes, Lam., is recorded for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 256, but

I am not aware upon what authority. It is native to Peninsular India.
and Burma. |

4. ©. digyna, Rottl. in Neue Schrift. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, iv..
198 (1803).

Thw. Enum. 95. C. P. 1527.

Benda 25 Os iNottlnlicy i113:

A woody climber, branches glabrous, purple, with hooked
brown prickles, young parts rufous-pubescent; |. narrow,
main rachis 6-8 in., with 9-12 pair of pinnz, with rachis 14-2
in., pubescent, lflts. 20-24 (10-12 pair), 2 in., sessile, closely
placed, overlapping, oblong, very obtuse, pubescent on both
sides, thin ; fl. $in., ped. 1 in., horizontally divaricate, slender,.
racemes stalked, axillary, 6-8 in., bracts setaceous, falling very
early; cal. glabrous, segm. separating from the flat base; stam.
little exserted, fil. very woolly for more than basal half; pod
(not seen ripe) ‘oblong, rather fleshy, indehiscent, 24 in. by

Peltophorum.] Leguminose. IOI

I in. wide, smooth, torulose, 2—4-seeded,’ seeds ovoid, ‘size of
a large pea.’
Dry country; very rare. Kurunegala; Doluwe Kande.

Fl. September; yellow.
Also in India and Malaya.

C. coriarta, Thunb., the ‘ Divi-divi’ tree, a native of Central America,
thas been long since introduced, and planted trees are now not unfre-
quently met with in Rest-house compounds and similar places in the dry
districts and called Vaznz, T.

49. PELTOPHORUM, Vogel.

A large tree, |. abruptly bipinnate, fl. large, in terminal
and axillary panicles; cal. cut more than half way down, segm.
nearly equal; pet. large, with a broad claw; stam. Io, declinate,
anth. uniform; stigma large, peltate; pod very flat, thin,
indehiscent, with a broad flat wing along both sutures, 1-3-
seeded.—Sp. 6; 2 in #2. £. Lnd.

P. ferrugineum, Zenith. Fl. Austral. ii. 279 (1864). Tya-vakai,
Z. [PLATE XXXII.]

Cesalpinia Gleniez, Thw. Enum. 414. C. P. 3815.

FL B. Ind. 11. 257.

A very large tree, much branched above, with rather smooth
grey bark, young parts covered with orange-brown velvety
tomentum; |. large, main rachis 6-12in., secondary ones
3-4 in., all swollen at base, narrowly channelled above, rusty-
pubescent, stip. minute, early caducous, pinne 6-10 pair,
spreading horizontally, lflts. 20-24 (10-12 pair), sessile, 4—? in.,
oblong, emarginate, unequal-sided, the upper half the larger,
glabrous above, rusty-pubescent on midrib beneath, firm; fl.
large, 14 in,, on pubescent viscous ped. shorter than cal., in
large erect panicles with rusty viscous pubescence; cal.-segm,
obtuse or subacute, more or less covered with ferrugineous hair,
strongly reflexed, pet. with similar hair on the claw and on
back, much crisped, somewhat reflexed, filaments with tufts of
silky hair at base; pod 2-2 in. by 1 in. wide, tapering to very
short stalk and to obtuse or subacute apex, glabrous, striated
with longitudinal veins, reddish-brown, wings broad sharp,
rigid ; seed oblong, flattened, 2 in., smooth, yellowish-grey.

Dry region; rather rare. Trincomalie (Glenie); Batticaloa (Capt. A,
M. Walker). Fl. May-September; bright dark yellow, sweet-scented.

Also found in the Andaman Is., Malacca, Singapore, Malay Islands,
and N. Australia, but not in Peninsular India.

Has been much planted for ornament, and is a magnificent sight when
in full blossom.

102 Leguminosae. [Cassia

50. MEZONEURUM, Des/.

A prickly woody climber like Cesalpinza in habit and fl.;
lowest cal. segm. very much enlarged and hooded in bud ;
stigma small, capitate; pod large, thin and papery, very flat,
indehiscent, with a broad papery wing along the dorsal suture;
seeds few, small.—Sp. 10; 5 in FZ. B. [nd.

IZ. enneaphylilum, VW. and A. Prod. 283 (1834). Goda-
wawulétiya, 5S.

Mhwa tnume Ardy 1G. by s60r-

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 258. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1, t. ii. f. B (flower and fruit).

A climbing shrub, stems finely pubescent or glabrous, set
with scattered decurved prickles, 1. large, main rachis 7-12 in.,
cylindrical, branch-like secondary ones 14-3 in., horizontal or
deflexed, with pairs of hooked prickles beneath at the origin,
pinne 8-12 pair, distant, lfits. 10-16 (5-8 pair) shortly stalked,
oval or obovate-oblong, rounded or omnes. glabrous or
pubescent, much paler beneath; fl. $in., pod 2 in., “horizontal,
pubescent, in axillary or supra- elles? long- stalked racemes
6-12 in. long; cal. densely pubescent; fil. very hairy in lower
half; pod 5-7 in, by 14-14 wide, pendulous, not stalked,.
tapering to a somewhat hooked apex, very thin, the wing
4 in. wide, z.e., nearly half the width of pod so as to cause the
dorsal suture to look like a vein running along its centre,
brilliant pinkish-crimson; seeds 3-5, very smail.

Hoist low country up to 2000 ft.; rather common. FI. July See
ber; yellow.

Also in Burma and Malay Archipelago.

The thin, papery, crimson pods hanging in large cheers are very con-
spicuous.

It is possible that the above includes JZ. pudescens, Desf., which is
given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 259.

Parkinsontia aculeata, L.,a native of Trop. America, isa not uncommon
small tree in the dry districts, especially about Jaffna; usually planted,.
but sometimes self-sown on borders of paddy-fields, &c.

51. CASSTA, Z.

Trees, shrubs or more rarely herbs, |. abruptly pinnate
often with glands on the rachis, fl. usually large, in axillary
racemes or terminal panicles; cal. cut almost to the base,
segm. (nearly separate sep.) much imbricate; pet. usually
nearly equal; stam. 10 (very rarely 5), either all perfect
or more usually with the 3 upper barren, anth. opening by

Cassia.] Leguminose. 103

pores (rarely by slits); pod various, flat or cylindrical,
dehiscent or indehiscent, with partitions between the usually
numerous seeds; seed with more or less abundant endosperm,
embryo with flat cotyledons.—Sp. about 340; 18 in FZ. B. Ind.

Pod terete, very large.
Lfits. 4-6 . : ‘ : 5 ; é > la (Gy IPTSIROILA,

Lfits. 20-30 : : : : : ., 2. C. MARGINATA.
Pod more or less flattened.
Three upper stam. barren.
Petiole with one gland at base.

Lfits. 8-Io . 3. C. OCCIDENTALIS.
Lfits. 12-20 4. C. SOPHERA.
Petiole with glands between one or more
pairs of lfits.
Lfits. 6 5. C. TORA.
Lfits. 16-24 ; : 6. C. AURICULATA.
Petiole without glands.
Lfits. 8-12 ; pod 14 in. 7. C. OBTUSA.
Lfits. 12-20; pod 8-12 in.. 8. C. SIAMEA.
Lfits. 20-30 ; pod 4 in. g. C. TIMORIENSIS.
All stam. perfect. :
Stam. 5; Iflts. 4 . : : 2 5 Mus (Cy ANSISUS.
Stam. 10; Iflts. very numerous.
Gland on petiole distinctly stalked. 5 tilts (G5 Iie arari
Gland on petiole sessile . . ‘ . 12. C. MIMOSOIDES.

I. C. Fistula,* Z. Sp. P/. 377 (1753). Bhéla, S. Tirukkontai,

Ravani, 7.
Burm. Thes. 56. Fl. Zeyl.n.149. Cathartocarpus Fistula, Pers.,

Moon Cat. 34. Thw. Enum.g95. C. P. 1502.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 261. Wight, Ic. t. 269 (C. rhombifolia). Bentl. and

Trim. Med. PI. ii. t. 87.

A small or moderate-sized tree, with a straight trunk and
slender branches, bark smooth and pale grey when young,
dark brown and rough when old; 1. large, rachis 6-12 in.,
glabrous, stip. minute, setaceous, lflts. 4-12 (2-6 pair) distinctly
stalked, articulated with rachis, 2-6in., ovate, acute at base,
obtusely acuminate, quite glabrous, stiff, pale yellowish-grey,
veiny; fl. large 14-2in., on slender glabrous spreading ped.
about 14 in. long, in very lax long-stalked pendulous axillary
racemes longer than 1, bracts lanceolate, caducous; cal.
glabrous, segm. concave, very obtuse; pet. concave, veined ;
3 lowest stam. with very long doubly curved exserted fil. and
oblong anth. dehiscing longitudinally, 4 lat. ones with short
straight fil. and versatile anth. opening by pores at the base,

* * Cassia fistula’ was the medizeval pharmacists’ name for the pods,
having been transferred to them from some variety of Cinnamon Bark.

104 Leguminose. [Cassta.

3 uppermost ones much smaller, erect, with indehiscent abortive
anth.; pod 1-2 ft., pendulous, shortly stalked, cylindrical
#-1 in. diam., nearly straight, hard, smooth, shining, purplish-
black, not torulose, indehiscent, with very numerous, 25-100,
horizontal seeds immersed in dark-coloured pulp and com-
pletely separated by thin transverse partitions ; seed small,
4in., ovoid, slightly compressed, with a raised raphe down
whole of one side, hard, smooth, shining, pale orange-brown,
cotyledons flat, foliaceous, endosperm abundant, hard and
horny.
Rene of the dry region; very common. Fl. July-August; pale
ellow.
Also in India, China, and Malaya.
A conspicuous tree in the dry country whether covered with its droop-
ing racemes of bright flowers or its pendulous black cylindrical pods.
The flowers are used in temple ceremonies; the astringent bark for
tanning and as a medicine; and the pulp of the fruit is a well-known

purgative. Heart-wood very hard and heavy, dark red, durable, but of
no great size.

2, ©. marginata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 (1814). Ratu-wa, S.
Vakai, 7.

Cathartocarpus rosea, Moon Cat. 34. C. Roxburghit, DC., Thw.
Enum OG C-eb. ai5O5.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 262. Wight, Ill. t. 83 (C. Roxburghiz), copied in Bedd.
F]. Sylv. t. 80.

A small tree, with slender drooping branches, bark brown,
deeply cracked longitudinally, young parts densely pubescent
or tomentose; |.-rachis 6-10 in., slender, furrowed above, pubes-
cent, stip. large, falcate, pubescent ; quickly deciduous, Ifits.
20-30 (10-15 pair), shortly stalked, 1-1} in., oblong, obtuse,
emarginate and apiculate at apex, unequal at base, glabrous
above, pubescent beneath ; fl. about ? in., on pubescent ped.
# in. long, in close pedunculate supra-axillary racemes much
shorter than |, bracts ovate, cuspidate, soon falling; cal. densely

ilky, segm. subacute; two lower pet. larger than others; 3
owest stam. with long doubly curved exserted fil. and large
anth., other 7 very much shorter with smaller anth. all fertile;
pod 8-12 in., cylindrical, straight, about 2 in. diam., semi-
woody, somewhat torulose, with very numerous seeds separated
by partitions, glabrous, black; seed about 4 in. compressed,
pale brown, with abundant endosperm.

Dry region; very common. FI. July, August; pink or salmon-
coloured. :

Aliso in Southern India.

Very ornamental when covered with its abundantly produced flowers.
Heart-wood heavy, very hard, reddish brown, small.

Cassia. Leguminosae. 105

3. ©. occidentalis, Z. Sf. Pl. 377 (1753). Peni-tora, S.
Ponnantakarai, 7.

C. Tagera, Moon Cat. 33 (? Linn). Thw. Enum. 95. C. P. 1262.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 262. Bot. Reg. t. 83.

A coarse annual, 1-3 ft. high, often semi-woody at base,
stam. slightly branched, nearly glabrous, furrowed, purplish ;
1. rather large, rachis stout, 44-6 in., glabrous, swollen at base,
where on the upper side is a sessile purple gland, stip. large,
semi-sagittate, acuminate, caducous, lflts. 8 or 10 (4 or 5 pair),
on very short stalks, 2-4 in. (the end pair largest) narrowly
Ovate-lanceolate, rounded and unequal at base, gradually
attenuate to very acute apex, glabrous, very thin, dark-green
above, slightly glaucous beneath; fl. large, 1} in. or more, ped.
about 4 in., usually in pairs in the leaf-axils; cal.-segm. obtuse,
nearly glabrous; 7 stam. with perfect anth. opening by pores,
2 or 3 lowest longer and declinate, other 3 erect with barren
anth.; pod 34-41 in. by } in. wide, erect, stiff, linear, slightly
curved, bluntly apiculate, flattened, slightly compressed
between the seeds, with thickened sutures; seeds 20-30, com-
pressed-ovoid, pointed at one end, shining, very hard, olive-
green.

Low country in waste places; a verycommon weed. Fl. June, March,
&c.; bright orange-yellow.

Throughout the Tropics, and perhaps originally from the New World.
The colour of the flowers in FI. B. Ind. is wrongly given as ‘pale
lilac’ The plant often strongly tinged with purple.

Very fetid when bruised. Both this and C. Zora are much used as
alterative medicines.

é a Sophera,* Z. Sp. Pl. 379 (1753). Uru-tora, S. Taka-
rai, 7.

EL Zeyl n. 150, Moon Cat. 33 Thw. Enum: 97. C. P. 1507.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 262. Burm. Thes. t. 98.

A large annual, more or less woody below, stem slightly
branched, glabrous, 1. large, rachis 5-7 in., furrowed above,
nearly glabrous, swollen at base and provided there with a
large solitary gland, lflts. 12-20 (6-10 pair) closely placed,
shortly stalked, 14-2} in., lanceolate, rounded at base, acute,
finely mucronate, thin; fl. as in the last, but 4-7 in an axillary
raceme; pod about 34in. by 2 wide, nearly straight, somewhat
turgid, glabrous, acute, sutures broad, thickened, with very
numerous small seeds separated by partitions.

Low country, especially in the dry region; common. FI. Feb. and
March; pale yellow.

Found throughout the Tropics.

* Sophera, a name taken from Prosper Alpinus, and applied by him
to some Egyptian plant, perhaps this.

106 Leguminose. [Cassia

5. ©. Tora, LZ. Sd. Pl. 376 (1753). Wéti-tora, S. VWaddu-
takarai, 7.

Burm. Thes. 58. Herm. Hort. Lugd.-Bat. 557. FI. Zeyl. n. 152.
Moon Cat. 33. Thw. Enum. 96. C. P. 2785.

HSB indi 2635) ill Elort leith: 63.

An annual herb, 1-2 ft. high, with spreading glabrous.
branches; |. small, numerous, long-stalked, rachis 1-2 in.,
stout, furrowed, slightly pubescent, with a linear yellow gland
above between the Iflts. of the lower one or two pair, stip.
long, setaceous, Iflts. 6 (3 pair), very shortly stalked, 1-14 in.,
(the terminal pair largest), obovate, tapering to unequal base,
apiculate, glabrous above, very finely silky beneath, thin and
flaccid; fl. about 2in., solitary or in pairs, axillary, ped.
slender, 3? in., cal. glabrous, 2 segm. larger than others ; upper
pet. 2-lobed, the others entire; barren stam. minute; pod very
long, 6-8 in. by less than } in. wide, linear, much curved when
young, afterwards less so, quadrangular (the sutures being
very wide), glabrous, with about 30 seeds and very slight
partitions between them, thin, pale brown; seed not com-
pressed, pointed at one end, rather truncate at the other, very
hard, rough with scurfy hair, pale brown.

Throughout the low country by roadsides and waste ground; a very
common weed, especially in the dry region. Fl. Jan., August, &c.; rather
pale orange-yellow.

Found throughout the Tropics.

Hermann, followed by other writers, gives the native name ‘ Tala’ for
this (Mus. 69); probably a misprint for Tora. Has a peculiar fetid scent.
when bruised. The seeds are sometimes eaten.

C. omentosa, L., Thw. Enum. 95, C. P. 2410, is a Tropical American
species, cultivated and naturalised about Nuwara Eliya and elsewhere in
the mountains.

C. hirsuta, L., is a frequent weed about Kandy and elsewhere. It is
also an introduction from Trop. America.

C. levigata, Willd., also introduced from Trop. America, is completely
naturalised, and a very common weed throughout the montane zone, in
the Planting Districts.

6. ©. auriculata, ZL. Sf. Pl. 379 (1753). Ranawara, S.
Avarai, 7. [PLATE XXXIII.]

Herm. Mus. 56. Fl. Zeyl.n. 151. Moon Cat. 33. Thw. Enum. 96.
C. P. 1503.

Bee lidiie263"

A large much-branched bush, bark smooth, cinnamon-
brown, branchlets closely pubescent; 1. very numerous, closely
placed, rachis 34-5 in., narrowly furrowed, slender, pubescent,
with an erect linear gland between the Iflts. of each pair, stip.
very large, reniform-rotund, produced at base on side next
petiole into a filiform point, persistent, lflts. 16-24 (8-12 pair),

Cassia.] Legsuminose. 107

very shortly stalked, slightly overlapping, oval-oblong, obtuse at
both ends, mucronate, glabrous or minutely downy, dull green,
paler beneath ; fl. large, nearly 2 in., ped. glabrous, 1 in.,
racemes few-flowered, short, erect, crowded in axils of upper 1.
so as to form a large terminal inflor. (the |, with the exception
of their large stip., being suppressed at the upper nodes); cal.
glabrous, segm. very unequal, concave, membranous; pet. with
rather long claws, crisped on margin; pod short, 3-44 in. by
2in. wide, oblong, obtuse, tipped with long style-base, flat,
thin, papery, undulately crumpled, pilose, pale brown; seeds
12-20, distant, each in a separate cavity.

Low country, especially in the dry region and near the coast; common;.
locally gregarious and abundant. FI. Feb., March; bright yellow.

Also in Peninsular India.

A great ornament to the barren coast regions.

The leaves of this form ‘Ceylon Tea’ or ‘ Matara Tea,’ and the in-
fusion is drunk by the natives on several parts of the coast; when
properly cured, rolled, and dried, it is very like true tea in appearance,
and somewhat aromatic,* but slightly purgative. The bark is rich in
tannin, and is largely employed for tanning leather in Colombo.

7. ©. obtusa, Roxb. Hort. Calc. 31 (1814). Nilavakai, 7.

Thw. Enum. 441. C. P. 3843.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 264 (C. obovata; not given for Ceylon). Wight, Ic. t.
757. Bentl. and Trim. Med. PI. ii. t. 89 (C. odovata).

Annual (or perennial?) 1-2 ft., somewhat woody below,
with spreading, glabrous, angular branches; |. spreading,
rachis 2—24in., glabrous, without glands, stip. small, linear-
lanceolate, acute, rigid, persistent, lflts. 8-12 (4-6 pair), 3-1 in.,
very shortly stalked often somewhat overlapping, broadly
oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse at both ends, mucronate,
unequal-sided at base, glabrous or nearly so, rather stiff, pale
green, glaucous beneath; fl. about ? in., shortly stalled,
racemes stalked, erect, lax, axillary, short but lengthening
with fruit and ultimately exceeding 1.; cal.-segm. very obtuse,
membranous, veined; perfect stam. with short fil.and unequal
anth., abortive ones very small; pod 1} in. or a little more by
% wide, very shortly stalked, oblong, much curved upwards,
rounded at both ends, tipped with small curved style-base,
very flat, parchment -like, flexible, glabrous or nearly so,.
greyish-brown, veiny, with a line of prominent rounded crests
on the sides over the seeds; seeds 8-10, separated by very

other nitrogenous substances, with 41°14 per cent. of gum, tannin, and
saccharine matters.

108 Leguminose. [ Cassia.

compressed, with a large hilum at the pointed end, endosperm
scanty.

Dry region; rare. About Jaffna, frequent; Trincomalie (Glenie) ;
Mannar (Crawford). Fl. Dec.—Jan.; yellow.

Also in desert parts of India, E. Trop. Africa, and Arabia.

One of the true medicinal sennas; I think wild at Jaffna, where, how-
ever, it is also cultivated for use as a drug.

C. alata, L., ‘ Rata-tora,’ S., a stately handsome plant, is common by
paddy-fields and other wet places in the low country. It does not any-
where here look like a native, but is found in all Tropical countries. Well
-worth cultivation.

8. G. siamea, Lam. Encycl. i. 648 (1783). Wa, Aramana, S.
Vakai, T.

C. sumatrana, Roxb. Moon Cat. 33. C. florida, Vahl, Thw. Enum.
06. C. P. 3485.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 264. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 179.

A moderate-sized or small tree, bark grey, nearly smooth,
shoots glabrous; |. rather large, spreading or deflexed, rachis
6-10 in., stout, stiff, swollen at base, shallowly channelled
above, nearly glabrous, stip. caducous, lflts. 12-20 (6-10 pair),
stalked, 24-3in., oblong-lanceolate, rounded at both ends,
tipped with minute sharp mucro, glabrous on both sides,
glaucous beneath, rather thick, stiff; fl. 11-14 in, ped. about
I in., downy, crowded at ends of stout pedunculate axillary
and termina] corymbose racemes or panicles, the whole forming
together a very large pyramidal terminal inflor. 2 ft. or more
long, bracts curved, linear, stiff, fleshy, much shorter than ped.,
cal.-segm. slightly pubescent; pet. distant, distinctly clawed ;
fil. of 2 of the fertile stam. twice as long as the rest; pod very
long, 8-12in. by 4-2 in. wide, stalked, flat, beaked, flexible,
very finely and closely pubescent, thickened at sutures, 8-15-
seeded.

Low country to 2000 ft., chiefly in the moist region; common, especi-
ally near rivers and streams. Fl. March, November; rather pale yellow.

Also in India and Malaya.

Heart wood very hard, blackish-brown, durable ; a beautiful and use-
ful wood for small articles.

9. ©. timoriensis, DC. Prod. ii. 499 (1825).

Thw. Enum. 96. C. P. 1504.

HBS Inds 2652

A small tree, twigs pubescent; |. large, rachis 7—I0 in.,
cylindrical, channelled above, pubescent, stip. foliaceous,
broad, with a filiform tail, semi-persistent, lflts. 20-30 (10-15
pair) shortly stalked, 14-12 in. narrowly oblong, obtuse,
strongly apiculate, pubescent on both sides especially beneath ;
fl, If in., on 7 in. ped. in short numerous corymbose panicles

Cassia.] Leguminose. 10

from axils of young 1, the whole forming a large terminal
inflor.; cal.-segm. pubescent; pet. rather narrow, fil. of perfect
stam. all very short; pod about 4 in. by 4 in. wide, very
shortly stalked, pointed, very flat, the sutures not thickened,
glabrous and shining, thin and flexible, 14-20-seeded with
raised transverse lines marking the partitions between them,
brownish-black.

Moist low country; rather rare. Heneratgoda; Sitawaka; Four
Korales Dist. Fl. September; yellow.

Also found in Burma and the Malay Islands, the Philippines, and N.
Australia, but not in Peninsular India.

C. glauca, Lam., I know here only as a garden plant. There are
specimens from Moon (C. P. 1526) in Herb. Perad. and in his Cat. (p. 33)
he gives Colombo as locality. See also Thw. Enum. 96. There are also:
specimens from Macrae in Herb. Kew.

Some leaves from Trincomalie, collected by Glenie in 1864, are in
Herb. Perad. labelled by Thwaites ‘(?) C. suf/ruticosa, Koenig, but are
scarcely determinable.

10. ©. Absus,* Z. SA. Pl. 376 (1753). Bu-tora, S.

Herm. Mus. 15. Burm. Thes. 212. Fl. Zeyl.n. 153. Moon Cat. 33.
Thw. Enum. 96. C. P. 1506.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 265. Burm. Thes. t. 97.

An erect annual, 6-18 in. high, with few horizontal
branches densely covered with spreading glandular hair; 1.
small, spreading or deflexed, rachis 3-1 in., swollen at base,
covered like the stem with viscous hairs, with an erect minute
linear gland between the lfits. of every pair, stip. small, linear,
Ifits. 4 (2 pair) very shortly stalked, closely placed at end of
rachis, broadly oval or obovate-oval, unequal at base, rounded
with a minute mucro at apex, glabrous above, slightly hairy
but not glandular beneath, the terminal pair the larger; fl.
small, a little over 4 in., on very viscous ped. longer than cal.,.
in leaf-opposed erect racemes longer than 1, cal. slightly
glandular-hairy, segm. oblong; pet. with long claws, veiny;
stam. 5, equal, all fertile, opening by slits not pores; ov.densely
bristly; pod 1-2 in. by }-3 in. wide, nearly straight, oblique,
tipped with short style-base, compressed, with long, scattered,
white, bristly hairs, 6-8-seeded, with depressed lines outside
at the partitions; seed trapezoid, compressed, dark brown,
brilliantly shining.

Low country, especially in the dry region; common. Fl. Dec., Jan.;
yellowish-pink.

Found throughout the Tropics of the Old World.

A very distinct species. Hermann gives the name ‘ Telamandukola’
for this. The seeds are employed in medicine.

* Absus is the name of Prosper Alpinus for this, probably taken from
some Egyptian one.

110 Leguminose. [Cassda.

11. ©. Rleinii, W. and A. Prod. 293 (1834). Bin-siyambala, 5.

Thw. Enum. 96. C. P. 1508.

EB: Ind: 11.1266:

A perennial herb with a woody base, 1-3 ft. high, much-
branched, spreading, rigid, glabrous or pilose; 1. numerous,
rachis 1-14 in., pilose, with a small, distinctly stalked peltate
gland just below lowest pair of Iflts., stip. linear-acuminate,
striate, acute, rigid, persistent, lflts. 16-40 (8-20 pair) sessile,
crowded, overlapping, about 4in., strongly mucronate, oblong,
oblique, the midrib close to upper edge; fl. $ in., on slender
ped. $ in. long, 1-3 in. the axils; cal.-segm. very acute; stam.
10, fil. unequal; pod 1?-2 in. by tin. wide, slightly curved
upwards, abruptly pointed, sparingly pilose especially on
suture, 10O—-12-seeded, dark brown.

Var. B, pilosa, Tiw.7.c.97.

Branches and Iflts. densely clothed with short spreading
hair.
Low country, in moist and dry regions; very common. Var. £,

Hantane. Fl. July, August; yellow.
Also in Peninsular India and Java.

C. pumila, L., is given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. I have seen no
specimens. It appears to differ from C. A/ezwzz principally in having
5 stamens instead of Io.

12. ©. mimosoides, LZ. Sf. P/. 379 (1753). Bin-siyambala, 5S.

Herm. Mus. 18. Burm. Thes. 160. Fl. Zeyl. n. 154. Moon Cat. 33.
C. angustissima, Lam., W. and A. Prod. 292. Thw. Enum. 96. C. P.
1510.

: IMG 185 liaGh Mh, AOS

Annual but often woody at base, usually erect, 2-3 ft. high,
with long ascending stiff pilose branches ; 1.-rachis 24—3 in.,
very slender, curved, glabrous or hairy, with a flat, sessile
gland between the lfits. of the basal pair, stip. linear, setaceous,
persistent ; lflts. minute, § in., sessile, very crowded and over-
lapping, 60-100 (30-50 pair) or more, linear, very unequal-
sided, glabrous or somewhat ciliate ; fl. on slender hairy ped.
over 4in. long and with 2 small bracts beneath fl. 2 or 3
together in axils; sep. acute, pilose; pod 2-21 in. by ? in.
wide, linear, slightly curved, sparingly pilose, about 20-seeded,
slightly constricted at the partitions.

ae 8, auricoma, Grah. (sp.). Var. vzllosula, Thw. |.c. 96. C. P.

3903.

Whole plant sparingly covered with spreading yellow hair;
Iflts. larger, aristate.

Var. y, Wallichiana, Baker. C. Wallichiana, DC., Thw. Enum.
Sh (Ga. 125 BBO:

Cynometra. Leguminosae. Ill

Stems stouter, gland on rachis more prominent but not
stalked, placed rather below the lowest pair of Ifits., lfits. fewer,
much larger, }-3in., aristate; pods smaller, 1}-1# in.

Low country and lower montane zone to 4000 ft. in open grassy
places; common. Var. 8, Hantane; Maturata. Var. y, the commonest
variety. Fl. April, August; yellow.

Found throughout the Tropics. .

The leaves are very sensitive. I know of no figure of this common
Pee A.

Var. y, I should prefer, with Thwaites, to regard as a distinct species ;
it is a common weed about Kandy, and very distinct in appearance,
having red-purple stems and blue-green foliage.

52. CYNOMETRA, J.

Trees, |. abruptly pinnate with 2 or 4 lfits, fl. small in
axillary racemes; cal. very deeply cleft almost to base; pet. 5,
equal, narrow; stam. 10, equal, spreading ; ov. with 2 ovules;
pod leathery-woody, indehiscent, obliquely ovoid, 1-seeded ;
seed large, without endosperm, cotyledons plane-convex.—
eo, 5 in 77. B. Ind,

Cc. ramifiora, LZ. Sf. Pl. 382 (1753). Gal-mendora, S.
Attukaddupuli, 7.

Moon Cat. 33. Thw. Enum. 97 (var. a). C. P. 3604.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 267. Rumph. Herb. Amb. 1 t. 63.

A small or moderate-sized much-branched tree with rather
smooth, brownish-grey bark, twigs slender, pendulous, young
parts glabrous, |. composed of I pair of sessile Iflts., articulated
on a short thick wrinkled rachis }—3 in. long, Iflts. 44-6 in.,
approximated not spreading, linear-lanceolate, very unequal-
sided at base, tapering to long acuminate obtuse apex, stiff,
glabrous on both sides, with rather conspicuous but not
prominent venation; fl. small, on very slender ped. }-2 in.
long, numerous, in short, spreading, sessile, axillary, corymbose
racemes barely 1 in. long, bracts small, broad, pubescent, cal.-
segment glabrous; pet. narrowly lanceolate, acute; stam. twice
as long as pet., spreading ; pod not seen (but see under Crudia
zeylanica, p. 113).

Var. 8, heterophylla, 7iw./.c. C.P.1500. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 315
(from Ceylon specimens).

Lfits. very variable, usually 4 (2 pair), of which the lower
are much the smaller often not more than 3 in., the upper
reaching 4 in., oval, obtuse or emarginate ; pod from 4-1 in.,
compressed-turgid, nearly straight along dorsal suture, very
gibbous on ventral, often deeper than long, shortly but dis-
tinctly beaked, very deeply rugose.

ion Leg UMLNOSE. [ Dialium..

Forests of the low country, in the dry region; rare. Only seen from
Uva. Var. 6 much commoner, and in both moist and dry regions.
Fl. Jan.; white.

Found also in Peninsular India, Malay Islands, and N. Australia.

There is no specimen in Hermann’s Herb., and his drawing is
indeterminable.

I suspect there are here two distinct species, but I have no fruit of
the type. A very small-leaved form of var. 8 from the coast at Puttalam
and Trincomalie may be C. mzmosozdes, Wall. The young foliage of the
type form is pendulous, flaccid, and white. The S. name is unfortunate,
as this tree has no similarity to the true ‘ Mendora’ trees, which are all
Dipterocarps.

C. caulifiora, L., is cultivated in gardens, and is included in Linnzeus”
Fl. Zeyl. n. 166. It is known by its Malay name, ‘ Nam-nam,’ and has no.
claim to be considered native here.

53. DIALIUM, Z.

Trees, 1. imparipinnate, fl. small, in terminal panicles; cal.
divided nearly to base into 5 much-imbricated petaloid seem. ;
pet. 0; stam. 2, anth. large, extrorse; ov. with 2 ovules; pod
small, indehiscent, ovoid, densely covered with velvety pu-
bescence; seed solitary; embryo surrounded by endosperm.—
Sp. 10; 5 in FZ B. Ind.

D. ovoideum, Z7iw. Enum. 97 (1859). Gal-siyambala, S.
Kaddupuli, 7.

thw Enum O75) €. bs 3TA0:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 269. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 181.

A tall tree, bark rather smooth, twigs slender; 1.
rather small, rachis 14-24 in., slender, cylindrical, glabrous,
Iflts. usually 5 (2 pair and end one) generally alternate, shortly
stalked, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base,
bluntly acuminate, glabrous and shining on both sides, dark
green; fl. small, numerous, in erect, much-branched, pyra-
midal, terminal panicles, ped. shorter than cal., grey with
adpressed pubescence, buds linear, pointed; cal.-segm. lan-
ceolate, subacute, faintly ciliate ; stam. as long as sep. erect ;
pod about #in., broadly ovoid, slightly compressed, densely
covered with fine brown velvety hairs, with a TERY thin and
brittle shell and a spongy interior ; seed nearly in. pale
brown, embryo green.

Low country in the dry or intermediate region ; rather rare. Hara-
gama and Billahul-oya, east of Kandy; several places in Eastern
Province. Fl. April; white.

Endemic.

The fruit is known as the ‘ wild Tamarind’ or ‘velvet Tamarind,’ and
has a pleasant acid flavour ; the endocarp in which the taste resides is of
a spongy-powdery, not pulpy, consistence and buff-coloured. Not un-

Saraca.] Leguminose. 113

frequently the fruit is attacked by an insect, and then forms a large soft
lobed spherical gall with numerous small cavities.
Heart-wood hard, heavy, dark red, strong, and handsome.

54. CRUDIA, Schred. (?)

A tree, |. pinnate, Iflts. alternate, fl. in terminal racemes ;
cal.-tube very short, segm. 4 or 5,rotundate; pet. 0; stam. Io,
free, the alternate ones shorter; ov. I-celled with 3 or 4
ovules ; pod 1-seeded, seed without endosperm.

C. zeylanica, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 314 (1865).
Detarium zeylanicum, Thw. Enum. 414. C. P. 3714.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 271. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 190 (poor).

A large tree; |.-rachis 14-2 in., glabrous, lflts. 2-6, alternate,
usually with a terminal one but sometimes ending with a pair,
on short, thick stalks, 2-5 in., oval or ovate-oval, unequal and
rounded at base, shortly and obtusely acuminate, glabrous,
rather thick, glaucous beneath, minutely reticulate; fl. small,
on short ped., arranged in terminal spicate racemes with a
stout rachis 2—5 in. long; cal.-segm. roundish, obtuse, persistent;
pet. 0; ov. oblong, tomentose; pod (very immature) very
shortly stalked, oblong, compressed, slightly falcate, apiculate,
densely tomentose.

Moist low country; very rare. I have only seen the C. P. specimens
collected at Galpata, near Kalutara, in 1861 and 1863. FI. January.

Endemic.

The material is insufficient for a full description, or even for certainty
as tothe genus. I have followed Thwaites in points not shown in the
specimens. He describes 3 or 4 ovules in the ov.; hence Bentham has
transferred the plant from Detarzwm to Crudza, the fruit being unknown
to both.

In Jan., 1891, I obtained from the Prov. of Uva, under the name of
*Okuru’ (which properly belongs to Clezdion javanicum), some ripe pods
which are unknown to me, which may perhaps be the fruit of the
present species. They are 1-1} in. long, and nearly as much in diam.,
not compressed, slightly curved along dorsal suture, very gibbous and
rounded below, very shortly apiculate, pericarp thin, brittle-leathery,
rough but glabrous outside, yellowish-grey, indehiscent with a tendency
to split along dorsal suture; seed large, solitary, with thick plano-convex
cotyledons, without endosperm. Leaves, said to be from the same tree,
are those of the plant here given as Cynometra ramiflora (type). Further
investigation is needed.

55 SARACA, Z.

Small tree, 1. abruptly pinnate, fl. in dense terminal or
axillary panicles; cal. petaloid, with a long tube and 4
PART II. I

Ie al Leguminose@. [Saraca..

spreading segm., pet.o; stam. 7 (rarely 8, the uppermost being
nearly always suppressed or combined with ov.) inserted on a
fleshy lobed ring at mouth of cal.-tube; ov. stalked, occupying
the position of the uppermost stam., pubescent, style short ;.
pod large, flat, dehiscent, 2- or 3-seeded; seed without endo-
sperm.—Sp. 6; 4 in FZ. B. Lund.

S. indica, Z. Mant. 98 (1767). Diya-ratmal, Diya-ratam-
bala, S.

Jonesia pinnata, Willd., Moon Cat. 30. /onesta* Asoka,+ Roxb.,.
Dhwaksnums O75) (EePro53

HE Ba indsii 2705 Wicht. lest, 200) es bote Vidcat ore:

A rather small, much-branched spreading tree with
reddish-grey cracked bark; |. large, spreading horizontally,
rachis 6—9 in., stout, much thickened, corky and flexible at
base, stip. large 4 in., intrapetiolar, ovate, stiff, brown, deciduous,
Iflts. 8-12 (4-6 pair) distant, the lowest pair close to base, on
short, very stout, flexible stalks, 4-9 in. (the middle ones.
longest) by 14-14 in. wide, linear, tapering to very acute apex,
perfectly glabrous, rather stiff, venation conspicuous beneath ;
fl. numerous, about I in. diam., ped. $ in., bracts 2, at summit
of ped., small, ovate, looking like a cal., panicles large, sessile,.
much-branched, corymbose, dense, axillary and terminal; cal.-
tube #-1 in., solid at lower part, segm. 4in., oval, obtuse 3.
stam. with very long fil, much exserted, spreading; style
strongly curved into a ring; pod large, 5-9 in. by nearly 2 in.
wide, tapering to both ends, much compressed, rigidly leathery,
glabrous, veiny; seed 13-1? in., ovoid, slightly compressed.

By streams in forests in the low country, especially in the drier
districts; rather common. Fl. Jan—March, &c.; pale orange-scarlet,
filaments purple, anth. black.

Also in India and Malaya.

The flowers are very sweet-scented, especially in the evening; they
are at first yellow, and become orange, and finally red, and are profusely
produced for many months. The young leaves are pendulous and
coloured. The plant is much cultivated for its beauty and sweet scent.
Wood light, pale red, rather soit.

Tamarindus indica, L., Styambala, S., Pulz, T.; the Tamarind is a
very commonly planted tree, especially in the dry districts. There are
specimens in Hermann’s Herb., but it is nowhere wild here. In the dry
region of the island it is very conspicuous, every village having several.
and often magnificent specimens. Trees are occasionally found appa-
rently wild in the jungle, but always on the site of abandoned villages.

* Named in honour of Sir William Jones, the Oriental scholar and.
botanist, who first fully described this tree.
+ Asoka is the Sanskrit name.

Bauhinia. Leguminose. T15

56. HUMBOLDTIA,* Vai/.

Small tree, |. abruptly pinnate with very large double stip.,
fl. in erect axillary racemes; cal. with short tube and 5
petaloid segm.; pet. 5, clawed ; stam. normally 5, often 3 or 4,
inserted at mouth of cal.-tube and alternating with 5 small
staminodes, anth. versatile; ov. shortly stalked, style very
long; pod flat, dehiscent ; seed without endosperm.—Sp. 5 ;
4 in FZ. B. Ind.

H. laurifolia, Vai, Sym. Bot. iii. 106 (1797). Gal-karanda, S.

Moon Cat. 17. Thw. Enum.97. C. P. 328.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 273. Vahl, Symb. i. t. 56. Wight, Ic. t. 1605.

A small tree or a shrub with numerous horizontally
spreading or rather drooping branches, the young ones with
swollen hollow internodes; |. numerous, spreading distichously,
‘rachis 4-6 in., cylindrical, glabrous, thickened and flexible at
base, stip. apparently double, really peltate with two separate
halves, the longer erect, 14 in., ovate, obtuse, stiff, the smaller
spreading horizontally, broad, auricled towards petiole, very
acute at other end, rigid, lflts. 8 or 10 (4 or 5 pair), very
shortly stalked, drooping, 24-34 in., ovate, slightly unequal at
base, caudate-acuminate, undulate, glabrous, rather stiff; f1.
about #in., on short finely pubescent ped., arranged in shortly
stalked, rigidly erect, axillary racemes about 3-5 in. long,
bracts at base of ped. rounded, green, persistent, those at
summit oval, pink, enclosing the bud; cal.-segm. oval, obtuse,
recurved, thin; pet. clawed, spreading; stam. erect, twice as
long as pet.; ov. pilose; pod 3-4 in. by 14 in. wide, scarcely
stalked, pointed, much compressed, glabrous, veiny.

Damp places in forests in the moist low country; common. FI. Feb.;
white, cal. pink; honey-scented. i

Also in Malabar.

The hollow, swollen internodes of the branchlets are inhabited by
small ants, which gain access by a little perforation situated between the
stipules of the leaf above.

The racemes are stiff and quite erect as figured by Vahl, not drooping
as stated in FI. B. Ind.

7. BAUHINIA, /.

Trees or woody climbers, 1. apparently simple, usually
bifid at top, fl. in racemes; cal. either with a short tube and large
limb which splits down one side in a spathe-like manner or

* Named in honour of F. A. von Humboldt, author of ‘ Flora Fribur-
gensis. Vahl first named the plant Batschza (1. c. 39).

116 Leguminosae. [Bauhinia.

campanulate with 5 segm., pet. 5; stam. 10 (3 in B. anguzna),
distinct; ov. stalked; pod dehiscent or indehiscent, linear,
many-seeded ; seed with endosperm.—Sp. 130; 36 in FZ. B.
Lhd.

The simple bilobed leaf is obviously a pair of connate Ifits.
Trees or shrubs.

Fl. large, bright yellow . : 5 ‘ : . I. B. TOMENTOSA.
Fl. small, nearly white . : : c c . 2. B. RACEMOSA.
Woody climber; fl. minute . A é : . 3. B. ANGUINA.

1. B. tomentosa, L. Sf. P/. 375 (1753). Petan, Kaha-petan,
Tiruvatti, 7.

’ Burm. Thes. 44. Fl. Zeyl.n.147. Moon Cat. 33. Thw. Enum. 98.
CAE TAGS:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 275. Burm. Thes. t. 18 (poor); Bot. Mag. t. 5560.

A large erect bush with slender branches, bark yellowish-
erey longitudinally furrowed; 1. 14-3 in., conduplicate, deflexed
on petiole, divided more than 4 down into 2 oval rounded
lobes with a setaceous mucro between, truncate at base,
glabrous above, densely pubescent and whitish beneath, 7-
nerved from the base, petiole $—-? in., thickened at both ends;
fl. large, nodding, over 2 in., ped short, stout, racemes small,
terminal, bracts linear; cal. about 1 in., bifid at top, pubescent,
pet. very much imbricated, broad, obovate, rounded, very
shortly clawed; style long, stigma terminal, peltate, pod
4-6 in. by 2 in. wide, shortly stalked, narrowed to base, pointed,
finely pubescent, 8—12-seeded, dehiscent; seed 4 in., ovoid,
shining.

Dry region; very common. FI. Jan., Feb., August; sulphur-yellow,
the upper pet. with a dark-purple blotch at base.

Throughout India and Malaya, and in China and Tropical Africa.

Heart-wood hard, very tough, shining, dark red, moderately heavy,
an excellent wood, but too small to be of much value. The colouring of
the fl. is precisely that of several species of Azézscus,; the petals never

spread, but remain imbricated, forming a deep bell-shaped corolla, which
is very conspicuous.

[B. acuminata, L., is given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. It is, however,
only known here in gardens, where it is an old introduction; there are

specimens in Hermann’s Herb., and he gives (Mus. 8) the native name
‘ Mayila’ for them, which rightly belongs to the next. |

2. B. racemosa, Lam. Ency. Meth. i. 390 (1783), (non Vahl).
Mayila, S. Atti, 7.

B. parviflora, Vahl, Moon Cat. 33. Piliostigma racemosum, Benth.,
Thw. Enum. 98. C. P, 1497.

Hy Binds 7 6s bedd Hla Sylvat 132)

A small tree with a thick knotted trunk, much branched,
bark blackish, very rough and much furrowed; 1: small, con-

Bauhinia.| Leguminose. Ly,

duplicate, 11-14 in., broader than long, truncate at base, cut
scarcely 4 down into 2 broadly oval rounded lobes, glabrous
on both sides, whitish and 9-nerved from the base beneath,
with fine reticulate venation, rigid, petiole 4—-}in.; fl. small,
under 1in. ped. shorter than cal, in erect lax racemes
terminating the new growth, buds pointed ; cal. reflexed 2 or
3-toothed at end; pet. distant, small, strap-shaped, acute,
spreading ; stam. a little longer than pet.; style none; pod
shortly stalked, very long, 8-10 in. by ?in. wide, pendulous,
tapering to base, blunt at apex, somewhat falcate, leathery,
indehiscent, glabrous, 12—20-seeded.

Dry region; very common. FI. April, June-September; yellowish
white.

India, Malaya, and China.
Wood rather heavy, hard, pale brownish-grey; attains a fair size. Very
strong fibre is obtained from the inner bark, used for rope-making.

[B. purpurea, L.,is commonly grown in gardens. There are specimens
in Hb. Kew, ‘Peradeniya, Macrae;’ hence it is given for Ceylon in
Fl. B. Ind., but it has no claim to nativity here. |

3. *B. anguina, Roxb. Cor. Pi. iii. 82 (1819).

Trimen in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 144.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 284. Hort. Mal. viii. tt. 29-31. Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 285.

A very wide-spreading woody creeper, with the older stems
singularly compressed, and strongly curved in alternate direc-
tions between each node, so as to be serpentine, young shoots
glabrous with short lateral twigs, each one provided at about
14 in. from the base with a pair of opposite, stiff, flattened,
circinately curved, prehensile tendrils pubescent on upper
surface ; 1. numerous, rather large 5-6 in., ovate, more or less
cordate at base, acuminate, quite entire or more or less bifid
or bilobed at apex, glabrous and shining, dark green, petiole
1-3 in., stiff, slender, stip. very small, linear, obtuse, reflexed,
soon falling; fl. and pod not seen (fl. minute in copiously
panicled racemes; stam. 3; pod 14-2 in., oblong, indehiscent,
glabrous).

Low country in the dry and intermediate regions; very rare, and
probably merely introduced. Foot of Doluwe Kande, Kurunegala Dis-
trict; near Dambulla (Bower),

Native of India and Malaya.

I have seen no flowers. This great creeper has been long cultivated
in the Gardens, and is included in Moon’s Catalogue, 1824. Asthe stems

readily root at the joints, it is easily propagated, and freely establishes
itself.

118 Leguminose. [Neptunia.

III. Mimose.

Stam. Io.
Aquatic herb. : ; : : : . 58. NEPTUNIA.
Woody climber . : : ; 5 ‘ . 59. ENTADA.
Trees or shrubs
Not spinous . : : : . 60. ADENANTHERA.
With spinous branchlets : : : . 61. DICHROSTACHYS.
Stam. indefinite
Stam. free, = i : 5 .) 62: 7 ACAGIN
Stam. monadelphous below
Pod straight, flat . : ; 63. ALBIZZIRe
Pod curved into a circle, often twisted . 64. PITHECOLOBIUM.

All our 22 species, with the exception of PieoIaHD subcoriaceum,
are plants of the low country, but P. dzgemznum also extends up into the
lower montane zone. Veptunza, Dichrostachys, and 7 species of Acacia
are restricted to the dry region, and Adenanthera bicolor, Albizzia
stipulata, and Pithecolobium bigeminum are confined to the moist.
P. geminatum is the only endemic species.

58. NEPTUNTA, Lour.

Aquatic annual with floating stems, |. abruptly bipinnate ;
fl. very small, in heads, the lower ones barren; cal. cam-
panulate, 5-toothed ; pet. 5, connate near base; stam. 10 with
a gland above the anth. when young, staminodes in barren fl.
petaloid ; ov. stalked, absent in barren fl.; pod small, dry, early
dehiscent along dorsal suture, much flattened, with several
seeds.—Sp. 8; 2 in FZ B. Ind.

N. oleracea, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 654 (1790). Diya-nidi-
kumba, 5S.

Thw. Enum. 99. C. P. 1516.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 285. Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 119 (AZémosa natans).

Annual, floating in water, stem elongated, scarcely
branched, with numerous plumose roots pendulous from the
nodes, stout, often swollen, purple, often provided on the out-
side with floats of white spongy tissue; |. bipinnate, main
rachis 13-2 in. at right angles with stem, glabrous, stip.
membranous, ovate, acute, persistent, pinne 2 or 3 pair, op-
posite, ee stalked, ?-1 in. long, Iflts. 18-28 (9-14 pair),
sessile, ;-gin., linear, obtuse, glabrous, glaucous beneath; fl.
sessile in an oblong head 4-1 in. long, at end of stout, erect,
tapering, glabrous, axillary peduncle 3-5 in. long, the barren
ones in lower part of head; pet. strap-shaped ; stam. much
exserted, staminodes longer, g in., strap-shaped, acute; pod
long-stalked, deflexed, I “in. by 2 2 in. wide, broadly oblong,
beaked, clabrous, 4-6- ‘seeded.

Entada.] Leguminose. 119

Shallow pools and stagnant water in the dry region; rather common.
Fl. all the year; yellow.

Found throughout the Tropics.

The plant is completely aquatic; its stems float by means of white
spongy masses developed on the outside of the cortex.

lV. plena, Benth., a Tropical American species, is said in F1. B. Ind. to
be introduced to Ceylon. There are specimens in Hb. Kew labelled
“Ceylon, Walker n. 1417.’

59. ENTADA, Adazns.

A very large woody climber, |. bipinnate, ending in a
tendril, fl. very small, polygamous (male and bisexual) in long
narrow spikes; cal. campanulate with minute teeth ; pet. 5,
equal, valvate, slightly connate at base, stam. I0, free, twice
as long as pet., anth. with globular gland on top; pod very
large, woody, composed of indehiscent joints; seeds very
large, flat—Sp. 10; 1 in FZ. B. Ind.

eer ondene, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 332 (1842). Yus-
wel, S.
Henn. Mus. -44. Burm. Thes. 139. FI. Zeyl. n. 219. Mzmosa
Entada, L. Sp. Pl. 518. Acacia scandens, W., Moon Cat. 73, Thw. Enum.
98. C. P. 2661.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 287. Rheede, Hort. Mal. ix. t. 77, and viii. tt. 32-4.

An immense woody climber, with a thick trunk and long
twisted snakelike branches; |. large, main rachis 6-10 in.,
stiff and semi-woody ending in a bifid spiral tendril by which
the plant climbs, pinnz 2 or 3 pair with stiff glabrous rachis
3 or 4 in. long and much thickened at base, Iflts. 6 or 8 (3 or
4 pair), 14-2 in., obovate-oblong, acute at base, rounded, often
emarginate at apex, glabrous, paler beneath, with the lat.
veins conspicuous; fl. sessile, crowded in long, narrow, pe-
dunculate axillary spikes 6-10 in. long; pod 14-2 ft. long, by
24-3 in. wide, curved, often twisted, compressed, woody, in-
dented on both sutures between the seeds, joints 6-12, turgid,
1-seeded, indehiscent, glabrous, brown; seed very large,
17-2 ‘n., circular, compressed, smooth and shining, brown,
testa thick and woody.

_ country up to 2000 ft.; common. FI. Feb.-April; greenish-

white.

Throughout the Tropics.

The joints composing the immense pod break away from one another,
and also from the thickened sutures which remain as an empty frame.

The juice of the wood and bark is used as an external application to
ulcers; also, I am told, to poison fish.

120 Leguminose. [Adenanthera.

60. ADENANTHERA, LZ.

Trees, not spinous, |. bipinnate, without stip., lflts. alternate,
fl. very small in axillary spicate racemes; cal. campanulate,.
shallowly toothed; pet. 5, equal, valvate, very slightly coherent
at base; stam. 10, free, equalling pet., anth. with an ovoid.
gland on summit; pod narrow, falcate or twisted, thin, torulose,.
with several seeds.—Sp. 4; 2 in FZ. B. Ind.

Lfits. rounded; seed all red . ; : . I. A. PAVONINA..
Lfits. acuminate; seed half red, half black : F . 2. A. BICOLOR.

1. A. pavonina, LZ. SZ. Pi. 384 (1753). Madatiya, S. Anai-
kuntumani, 7.

Herm. Mus. 21. Burm. Thes. 79. Fl. Zeyl. n. 160. Moon Cat. 34.
Thw. Enum. 98. C. P. 3605.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 287. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 46. Wight, Ill. t. 80.

A tall tree with erect trunk, and pale grey rather smooth:
bark, young parts quite glabrous; |. large, wide-spreading,
main rachis 8-12 in., glabrous, furrowed above, striate, pinne
3 or 4 pair with rachis horizontally spreading and thickened at
base, lfits. 8-12, alternate, stalked, distant, 14 in. or more,
oval-oblong, rounded at both ends, unequal at base, glabrous,
thin, dark green, paler beneath; fil. on short horizontal
elabrous ped., racemes stalked, lax, shorter than |., buds blunt,
bracts minute, very early deciduous; cal. glabrous; pet. linear-
lanceolate, acute; pod 6-8 in. by nearly ? in., tapering to base,
pointed, falcately curved, glabrous, valves becoming spirally
twisted after dehiscence; seeds 8-10, 2 in., globose-lenticular
with blunt keel, brilliant scarlet, shining.

Da country; common, but generally planted. Fl. April; Re ioe.
white.

Also in India, Malaya, Philippines, and China.

The bright scarlet seeds are well known; they are called ‘ Mad-éta,’

and are the principal weights used by gold and silversmiths, weighing
each somewhat less than 4 grains.

Heart-wood hard, moderately heavy, close-grained, pale brownish-red.

2. A. bicolor, Joon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 34 (1824). Meas-mora, S.
[PLATE XXXIV.]

Thw. Enum. 98. C. P. 324.

Be liad 2a 77

A moderate-sized tree with wide-spreading branches,
young shoots glabrous, entirely of a dull vinous-purple
colour; |. numerous, spreading, main rachis 6-8 in., glabrous,
shining, purplish, scarcely channelled, pinnze 3 or 4 pair or
often alternate with slender purple rachis thickened at base,
Iflts. 5-7, alternate, very distant, shortly stalked, disarticulat-

Dichrostachys.] Leguminose. 12f

ing, It-I{ in., broadly oval, acute at base, shortly and bluntly
acuminate, glabrous, paler beneath; fl. as in the last; pet.
lanceolate; pod 3-5 in. by about 2 wide, usually much twisted;
seeds 6-10, 3-4 in., shining, the basal half red, the upper half
black.

Moist low country; rather rare. Kalutara (Moon); Madulla; Mapala-
gama. Fl. December, April; greenish-pink.

Also found at Malacca.

Moon quotes for this Rumph. Herb. Amboin. iii. t. 212, a doubtful:
plant not yet clearly identified.

61. DICHROSTACHYS, VW. and A.

A bush with spinous branchlets, |. abruptly bipinnate, f1.
very small, in drooping spikes, the lower ones barren; cal.
campanulate, segm. short, triangular, pet. connate for ? length
from base; stam. 10, free, represented in barren fl. by long
staminodes, anth. with a stalked gland on summit, pod linear,.
flat, indehiscent, somewhat jointed, much twisted up spirally
when ripe, 6-10-seeded.—Sp. about 5; 1 in FZ. B. Ld.

(aaa W. and A. Prod. 271 (1834). Andara, S. Vidat-
ta :

Herm. Mus. 24. Burm. Thes. 3. FI. Zeyl.n. 215. MJmosa cinerea,
L. Sp. Pl. 520. Desmanthus cinereus, Willd., Moon Cat. 73.. Thw.
Enum. 99. C. P. 1523.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 288. Burm. Thes. t. 2. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 184. Wight,.
fc 6357-

A shrub or small tree with numerous divaricate branches,
bark yellowish, fibrous, vertically furrowed, ultimate twigs.
sharply spinous at end, many reduced to short, woody, axil-
lary spines, bark yellowish-grey, young parts pubescent; 1.
small, mostly from the suppressed branchlets, rachis 1-14 in.,
slender, hairy, with a small erect gland between the bases of
each pair of pinne, pinne 8-16 pair, 4-2 in., sessile, hairy,
Ifits. minute, numerous 24-40 (12-20 pair), closely placed,
sessile, linear, oblique, subacute; fl. numerous, sessile, crowded
in dense spikes about 1 in. long on drooping peduncles
coming off from the suppressed branchlets below the 1, bracts
minute setaceous ; cal. pubescent, stam, much exceeding cor.,
staminodes much longer (nearly } in.) filiform; ov. hairy; pod
2-3 in. by # in. wide, glabrous, dark brown.

Dry region; very common; and in the most barren places. Fl. Dec.-
March, Aug., Sept.; barren fl. bright purplish-pink, fertile ones yellow.

Also in India, Malay Islands, N. Australia, and (?) Trop. Africa.

The tassel-like, particoloured, drooping flower-spikes are very pretty,
and a noticeable feature in the stunted jungle in desert places.

22 Leguuiinose. [ Acacia.

The heart-wood is dark red, extremely hard and strong, and said to
‘be the toughest in Ceylon; but it is too small to be of much use.

Desmanthus virgatus, Willd., C. P. 3606, is a not uncommon weed
in cultivated ground, but certainly not indigenous, here. It was collected
by Hermann, “and is Fl. Zeyl. n. 505 (AZzmosa virgata, L.).

Leucena glauca, Benth., is naturalised in many places in the low
country. A native “of N orth America.

Mimosa pudica, L., is a very abundant and most troublesome weed
throughout the low country. It is said by Gardner to have been intro-
duced here by Moon, and it is included in his Catalogue (1824), p. 73,
but it seems to have been here earlier. Its native country appears to be
Brazil. Like other sensitive plants, it is called ‘ Nidi-kumba’ by the
Sinhalese. The root is considered an antidote for cobra bite.

62, ACACIA, Wild.

Trees or shrubs often scandent by prickles, |. bipinnate,
often with sharp persistent stipular spines, fl. very small, in
heads or spikes, often polygamous; cal. campanulate or funnel-
shaped, segm. more or less triangular ; pet. connate into a cor.
with 5 lobes, stam. indef. free, much longer than cor., anth.
not gland-tipped; pod dry, usually compressed, dehiscent
(rarely indehiscent); seeds several, on long funicles.—Sp. 43
(mostly Australian); 18 in FZ B. Lnd.

Trees or shrubs.
Fl. in globular heads.
Heads axillary.

Pod strongly constricted between seeds . . 1. A. ARABICA:
Pod not constricted.
Pod cylindrical . : : : ; . 2. A, PLANIFRONS.
Pod fiat.
Lfits. 5-8 pair, glabrous 3. A. EBURNEA.
Lflts. 8-16 pair, tomentose 4. A. TOMENTOSA.
Heads in panicles 5. A. LEUCOPHLEA.
F]. in spikes.
Pinnze 9-18 pair 6. A. SUNDRA.
Pinnz 4-6 pair 7. A, FERRUGINEA.
Woody climbers.
Lfits. 10-22 pair, linear-oblong 8. A. CAHSIA.
Lflts. 40-50 pair, narrowly linear. 9. A. PENNATA.

. Several Australian species, especially A. ellie, Link, and varieties
of A. decurrens, Willd., have been extensively planted in the montane
region; A. Melanoxylon, Br., is also common about Nuwara Eliya.

A. Farnesiana, Willd., is quite naturalised in many parts of the low
country, and is C. P. 1522. It appears to be indigenous to Western Trop.
_America and Australia, and perhaps to S. Africa.

1. * A. arabica, Willd. Sp. P/. iv. 1085 (1805). Karuvel, 7.
Thw. Enum. 415. C. P. 3640.
FL. B. id= 152635 Bedds Bly Sylv: t: 47:

Acacia.) Leguminose. 1

A shrub or small tree, with dark bark and slender terete
straight branchlets, young parts pubescent; |. small, rachis
2-24 in., pubescent, stipular spines variable from small and
inconspicuous to 2 in., slender, spreading white, sometimes
quite absent, pinnz 3-5 pair, 1-14 in., distant, lflts. 24-30,
(12-15 pair), 4 in., very shortly stalked, strap-shaped ; fl. in
dense globular heads, 2-5 together from the axils, peduncles
4-2 in., pubescent with 2 bractlets above the middle; cor.
twice as long as cal.; pod 4-6 in., straight, 8—12-seeded,
strongly constricted at sutures between the seeds, densely
covered with fine grey down.

Dry region; very rare. Collected at Trincomalie by Glenie, but
perhaps only introduced there; Jaffna, apparently wild, but probably
originally planted.

Native in N.W. India, Arabia, Egypt, Tropical Africa. This is the
well-known ‘Babul’ so common in N. India; but Beddome has never
seen it truly wild in the forests of the Peninsula, and it is unlikely to be
native to Ceylon.

On the upper part of the branches bearing the flower-heads the leaves
are often suppressed.

2. A. planifrons, W. and A. Prod. 276 (1834). Odai, Udai, 7.
[PLATE XXXV.]

Trimen in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 144.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 293.

A small tree, usually with an erect stem and an umbrella-
like head, branches spreading ina plane (like those of Cedar),
bark very thick, dark grey, rather smooth, on the young
branchlets purplish, stipular spines of two kinds mixed, either
very short and curved downwards, or 14-2 in. long, straight,
very divaricate, slender, scarcely tapering, white with a brown
polished point; 1. very small, in fascicles from arrested
branchlets, rachis about 1 in., very slender, flattened above,
slightly hairy, pinne 3 or 4 pair, closely placed near end of
rachis, 4-2 in. long, Iflts. very minute, 10-20 (5—Io pair) strap-
shaped, obtuse; fl. minute, sessile in dense globular heads
Zin. diam., peduncles 4—? in. very slender, with the bracts
below the middle, coming off with the 1. from the arrested
branchlets ; pod about 2 in. by } in. wide, cylindrical, turgid,
acute, curved nearly into a ring, glabrous.

Dry region; very rare. Confined to the island of Mannar (and a
very small part of the mainland opposite), where it is extremely abundant.
Fl, Oct.-March ; pale creamy-white.

Also in S. India and in Ramisseram Island. j
This is the ‘Umbrella Tree’ of the English ;* and very characteristic

* The Rev. J. Cordiner, who visited Mannar in 1804, gives an account
of the ‘ Umbrella Tree’ in his ‘ Ceylon,’ vol. ii. pp. 8 and 32.

124 Leguminosae. [ Acacia.

of Mannar, where it composes almost the whole forest, and from the
horizontal arrangement of the branches gives it a very peculiar aspect.
The trees, when covered in Feb. with sheets of white blossom, look like
old hawthorn trees. It is cultivated in a few Colombo gardens for orna-
ment, and has occasionally appeared on the shore there, no doubt brought.
with ballast from Tuticorin, where it is also abundant.

The wood is very hard and heavy, pale yellow, and when fresh cut has
a faint alliaceous smell. It is much used for firewood, and there is a
large export from Mannar to S. India (Tuticorin and Negapatam):
amounting in 1890 to 3,446,422 logs, value Rs. 68,243 (as I am informed
by Mr. M. S. Crawford).

The pods are largely used as food for sheep, goats, and cattle in the
dry season.

The description under this name in F1. B. Ind. is partly made up from
some other species.

3. A. eburnea, Willd. Sp. Pi. iv. 1081 (1805). Udai-vél, Kal-
udai, 7.

Ghw. Enum. 99. “G. P1521.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 293. Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 199 (not good).

A large bush or small tree, much branched, bark of young
branches purplish-brown, smooth, stipular thorns always
straight, varying in size from } to 2} in. gradually tapering
from a broad base toa very sharp point, ivory-white, polished ;
I. small, arranged as in the last, pinne 2-7 pair, 4-2 in,
glabrous, lflts. minute 10-16 (5-8 pair) oblong, obtuse; fl. as.
in the last, heads } in. diam., bracts about middle of peduncle ;
pod 3-4 in. by 2 in. wide, shortly stalked, compressed, more
or less falcately curved, pointed, glabrous, veiny, 6—9-seeded,
slightly compressed between the seeds.

Dry and desert regions, especially near the coast; rather common.
Trincomalie; Hambantota District, abundant; Jaffna, and the whole west
coast to Puttalam. Fl. Dec.-Feb.; bright dark yellow.

Also in India, Affghanistan, and Arabia.

Cordiner (‘ Ceylon,’ ii. 5) noticed this in 1804 on the coast north of

Aripo, and calls it the ‘ Cockspur Thorn,’ a very appropriate name.
The wood is small but very hard, yellowish-white.

4. A. tomentosa, Willd. Sf. Pi. iv. 1087 (1805). Anaimulli, 7.

Thw. Enum. 99. _ C. P. 744.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 294.

A small bushy tree, bark yellowish-grey with large lenticels,
purplish on twigs, young parts tomentose, stipular thorns
straight, broad at base and rapidly tapering to sharp point,
varying in size, the larger ones reaching 34 in. and over $ in.
wide at base, inflated, pubescent when young, afterwards
glabrous, grey becoming black, very sharply pointed; 1. longer
than in last, rachis 14-33 in., flat, very pubescent, pinnze 6-10
pair, 1-1} in., the lower ones shortest, lflts. 16-32 (8-16 pair),

Acacia. Leguminosae. 125

opposite, sessile, }-lin., broadly oblong, tomentose-pubescent
on both sides; fl.-heads globular, over } in. diam., peduncles
about Iin., pubescent with the bracts a little above the
middle; pod 4-5 in. by $ in. wide, compressed, strongly
falcate, bluntly pointed, 5—8-seeded, somewhat torulose, at first
pubescent and grey afterwards glabrous and reddish; seed
2 in., ovoid, compressed, olive green with a ring of paler colour
on either face.

Dry region; rare. Kalpitiya (Gardner) ; Jaffna; Ilupaikadavai, Mannar
Dist. Fl. Feb—April; pure white (not ‘purple’ as given in Fl. B. Ind.).

Also in Bengal, Java, and perhaps Southern India.

The enormous black or greyish-brown thorns, whence its name of

‘Elephant Thorn,’ are very characteristic. Tennent (‘ Ceylon,’ i. 108) says
they are called the ‘Jungle Nail’ by Europeans.

5. A. leucophlea, Willd. Sp. Pi. iv. 1083 (1805). Maha-
andara, Katu-andara, S. Velvél, 7.

Thw. Enum. 99. C. P. 1520.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 294. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 48.

A large tree, bark thick, pale yellowish-white, branches
dense, spreading, young branches pubescent, stipular thorns
small, straight; 1. numerous, closely placed, rachis’ 24-3 in.,
densely pubescent, with a small red sessile gland between
bases of each pair of pinnz, pinnz 5-15 pair, lflts. very small,
sessile, crowded 30—40 (15-20 pair), }-+in., linear-strap-shaped,
subacute, Bore or slightly hairy; fl.-heads numerous,
globular, small, }—3 in. diam., peduncle 2in., woolly, the bracts
about the middle, in large axillary tomentose panicles with
slender branches; pod 3-5 in. by } in. wide, linear, very slightly
curved, flexible, pendulous, subdehiscent, finely but densely
tomentose, seeds numerous,

Dry region; common. FI. Aug.—Sept.; bright pale yellow.

Also in India, Burma, Malay Islands.

The thick yellowish-white bark is known as ‘Velam’ bark, and is
exported to India for the arrack distillers. It is used in Ceylon for dyeing
sails, mats, &c., and for tanning, and also affords a coarse fibre. The
heart-wood is very hard, heavy, and brownish-red, tough, and strong.

6. A. Sundra,* DC. Prod. 458 (1825). Rat-Kihiri, S. Kodali-
murunkai, 7.

A. Catechu, Thw. Enum. 99 (non Willd.). C. P. 3547.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 295. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 50.

A small or middle-sized tree, bark dark brown, young
shoots purple, quite glabrous; stipular thorns small, decurved,
hooked, black, often absent; l.-rachis 4-5 in., tapering,
elabrous, with a large sessile gland betwen the bases of each

% ities or Chundra is the Telegu name.

126 Leguminose. [ Acacia.

pair of pinne, slightly channelled above, often with recurved
prickles beneath, pinnz 9-18 pair, 1-14 in,, lflts. 40-60 (20-30:
pair), small, tin., sessile, crowded, easily falling, linear, obtuse,
quite glabrous; fl. small, sessile, in rather lax, shortly stalked,
erect, axillary spikes 3-4 in. long; cal. quite glabrous; cor.
three times as long as cal., lobes linear-lanceolate; pod

4-5 in. by 2 wide, stalked, nearly straight, tapering to each
end, very thin, margin often indented between the seeds, quite
glabrous, veiny, dark brown; seeds 4-6, broadly oval, much
compressed, pale greenish-brown.

Dry region; rare. Bintenne county below Balangoda, 1857 (Thwaites) ;.
Northern Prov. (Vincent); between Mannar and Vavuniya (Capt.
Walker). The late H. Meade recorded it from Patchilapillai, near Jaffna,
in 1859. Fl. September; pale yellow or pinkish.

In Peninsular India and Burma ; also in Trop. Africa (?).

The heart-wood is red and extremely hard and heavy, whence the T..
name (‘axe-breaker’). It is also bitter, and the Sinhalese make drinking-
cups from it.

This is so closely allied to A. Catechu, Willd., as to be combined with
it by many botanists. That tree, however, has more numerous pinne
and Ifits. and the calyx is tomentose. It appears to be confined to
Northern India and Burma, and is figured in Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 175 and
Bentl. and Trim. Med. Pl. ii. t. 95. From the wood of A. Catechu is
prepared the astringent extract called Cutch in India, but I have no
knowledge of anything of the kind being obtained from our Ceylon tree,
though it probably could be.

A. Suma, Kurz., figured (as A. Catechu) in Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 49, is
given as a Ceylon species in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 294. The specimen in Herb.
Kew is from Macrae, and was in all probability gathered from the old
trees of this species in Peradeniya Gardens. But it may perhaps occur
in the Northern Prov., and is easily known by its white papery bark. It
also affords Cutch.

7. A. ferruginea, DC. Prod. ii. 458 (1825).

Trimen in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 145.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 295 (not given for Ceylon). Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 51.

A moderate-sized tree, bark rust-coloured, young parts.
glabrous, stipular thorns small, straight, often absent; |.-rachis
2-34 in., glabrous, with a sessile gland midway between base
and lowest pair of pinnze and another between the bases of
uppermost pair, pinne 4-6 pair, rather distant, 14-2 in., lfits.
30-40 (15-20 pair) very shortly stalked, 4-1 in., linear-oblong,
unequal-sided, obtuse, glaucous-green paler beneath, rigid ; f1.
sessile, in slender axillary erect spikes 3-4 in. long; cal.
elabrous, segm. triangular, acute; cor. twice as long as cal.,
lobes lanceolate; pod (not seen) much as in the last.

Dry region; very rare. At present collected only at Anemaduwe in
the North-west Province between Puttalam and Kurunegala. Fl. Aug.;
yellowish.

Also in Southern India.

Acacia. Leguminosae. ay

8. A. czesia, Willd. Sp. Pi. iv. 1090 (1805). Hinguru, 5S.
Herm. Mus. 34. Burm. Thes. 3. Fl. Zeyl.n. 217. Mimosa cesta,
L. Sp. Pl. 522. Moon Cat. 73. A. Jnésza, Willd., Thw. Enum. 99. C. P

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 297 (A. Jntsia). Pluk. Phyt. t. 330, f. 3. Rheede,
Hort. Mal. vi. t. 4.
A large woody climber, stems attaining ? in. diam., slightly
‘rough but not pubescent, greyish or yellowish, copiously set
with small, very sharp, hooked, decurved prickles, young parts
minutely pilose; 1. numerous, rachis 5-6 in., swollen at base,
nearly glabrous when mature, slightly channelled above, with
a large sessile gland near base and smaller ones just below
the bases of one or two uppermost pairs of pinne, the under
side set with decurved hooked prickles, stip. cordate, acute,
early caducous, pinne 5-8 pair, with a flattened rachis 2-3 in.
long, lfits. 20-40 (10-20 pair), nearly sessile, crowded and
slightly overlapping, 3-3, very unequal-sided, the midrib near
the upper margin, linear-oblong, truncate at base, abruptly
acute or mucronate, glabrous on both sides; fl.-heads globular,
very numerous, small 2in., on finely woolly peduncles 4-2 in.
long and 2-4 at a node, arranged in large pubescent pyramidal
terminal panicles, bracts linear, inconspicuous ; cal. funnel-
shaped, pubescent, lobes acute; pod large, about 6 in. by 14 in.
wide with a short stalk, bluntly pointed, straight, flat and
thin, glabrous, slightly veined, 6—-10-seeded, dehiscent.
Low country; common. FI. Sept.; yellow.
Also in India, Malaya, and Philippines.

A variable plant, horribly prickly; the Iflts. soon fold together after
gathering. A. /ntsia cannot be separated from A. c@sza even as a variety.

[A. concinna, DC., is included in Thw. Enum. 99, and following this
is given for Ceylon in FI. B. Ind. ii. 297 and Trim. Syst. Cat. 30. But all
the specimens of C. P. 1519 that I have seen are referable to A. ce@sia,
with which Thwaites clearly confounded it. There are no Ceylon speci-
mens in Herb. Kew or Brit. Mus.]

g. A. pennata, Willd. Sp. P/.iv. 1090 (1805). Goda-hinguru, S.

Herm. Mus. 30. Burm. Thes. 2. Fl. Zeyl.n. 216. Mimosa pennata,
L. Sp. Pl. 522. Moon Cat. 73. Thw. Enum. 99. C. P. 3300.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 297. Burm. Thes. t. i. (good).

A stout woody climber, stems much as in the last, but with
smaller and straighter prickles (often quite absent), young
branchlets pubescent ; l|.-rachis 4-6 in. densely pubescent,
with a large sessile gland above near its base, and also
between the base of the upper 2 or 3 pair of pinne, under
surface with recurved prickles, pinne 10-18 pair, 14-14 in.,
usually curved, lflts. very numerous, 80-100 (40-50 pair) very
closely placed, slightly overlapping, very small, 4 in., narrowly

128 Leguminose. [Albizzia.

linear, somewhat falcate, mucronate, very unequal-sided, the
midrib close to the upper edge, glabrous or Sen hairy ;
fi-heads globular, ¢—} in. diam.,-on pubescent ped. # in. long,
2-4 together in axils of 1 or bracts, the whole (oem a long
racemose panicle; cal. glabrous ; pod 44—5 in. by Z in. wide,
stalked, apiculate, flat, glabrous, not veiny; seeds 10-14,
closely placed, oval-oblong, compressed, dark brown.

Low country; rare. Kalutara (Moon); Haragama; Lagalla.

Fl. July, August; yellow, purple in bud.

Throughout India, Malaya, and Trop. Africa.

Readily known by the very numerous overlapping narrow Ilfits.,
‘making each pinna like the feather of a bird.

63. ALBIZZIA,* Durazz.

Trees, without thorns or prickles, |. bipinnate, fl. small in
small heads or umbels, not polygamous; cal. funnel-shaped or
tubular, segm. very short; pet. connate half way up into a
cor.; stam. indef., slightly monadelphous at base, much longer
than cor., anth. not gland-tipped; pod large, flat, thin,
straight, dehiscent, seeds several on long funicles.—Sp. 30;
10 in FZ. B. Lund.

Pinnz 2-4 pair.
Lfits. 5-9 pair; fl. stalked .
Lfits. 10-14 pair; fl. sessile
Pinnze 10-16 pair.

Lfits. with midrib close to upper edge : .” 3. AS SEIPURAGS
Lfits. with midrib nearly central 5 5 . 4. A. AMARA. -

. A. LEBBEK.
A. ODORATISSIMA.

i)

N

1. A. Lebbek,t Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 87 (1844). Mara, S.
Kona, Vakai, 7.

Thw. Enum. 99._ C. P. 3130.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 298. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 53.

A large tree, with cracked, grey bark and wide-spreading
branches, young parts elabrous, buds finely rufous-pubescent ;
1. large, main rachis 7-9 in., swollen at base, glabrous, and
shining, with a large circular gland close to base, and another
at apex, pinne 2-3 pair, rather distant, 5-6in., rachis spread-
ing horizontally, swollen at base, glabrous, with 2 small glands
near the base, and 1 below the insertion of each pair of lfits.
except the basal ones, lflts. 10-18 (5-9 pair) shortly stalked,
large, 14-2 in., oval-oblong, rounded and retuse at apex, very
unequal-sided, glabrous, rather paler beneath, fl. on slender

* Dedicated to the old and noble family of the Albizzi, of Florence.
+ From the Egyptian name, which, however, very doubtfully belongs
really to this tree.

Albizzia.] Leguninose. 129

ped. 14-2 in., 1-4 together, the whole forming a lax corymbose
terminal panicle; cal. nearly glabrous, tubular-funnel-shaped,
segm. short, triangular; cor. twice as long as cal.; stam.
forming a tassel { in. long ; pod large, 9-12 in. by 1# in. wide,
bluntly pointed, thin, pale yellow; seeds about 12, small, com-
pressed.

Dry region; rather rare. Anuradhapura; Uma-oya. Often planted.
F]. April; greenish-white.

Throughout Tropical and Sub-tropical Asia and Africa, but usually a
planted tree. sal ‘

Heart-wood brown, hard, shining, with large pores; a fine wood, does
not warp or crack.

2. A. odoratissima, Senth. zm Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 88 (1844).
Suriya-mara, Huriyi, S. Ponnaimurankai, 7.

Mimosa odoratissima, L. f. Suppl. Plant. 437; Moon Cat. 73. Thw.
Enum. too. C. P. 1529.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 299. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 54.

A very large tree, with thick grey rough bark and spreading
branches, young parts pubescent; |. rather large, rachis 4-6 in..,.
pubescent, with a single large sessile gland near the base, and
generally one between bases of terminal pair of pinne, pinnz
generally 4 pair, rather distant, about 4in., pubescent ; Iflts.
20-28 (10-14 pair), sessile, rather large, #-1}in., oblong,
rounded, apiculate, very unequal-sided, the midrib near the
upper margin, glabrous above, finely downy and glaucous
beneath, stiff; fl. sessile, few, heads $—? in. diam., peduncles
2in., pubescent, 1-4 together, arranged in terminal panicles,
cal. densely pubescent,segm. short, broadly deltoid; cor. pubes-
cent outside, cut into 4 acute segm.; stam. twice as long as
cor.; pod 4~7 in. by 1-14 in. wide, very shortly stalked, abruptly
pointed, roughish but glabrous, slightly veiny; seeds 6-12,
small, much flattened.

Low country in both moist and dry regions, especially the latter;
common. Fl. May—September; pure white, sweet-scented.

Also in India and Malacca.

Heart-wood dark brown, very hard, works and seasons well.

3. A. stipulata, Bow. in Encycl. XIX* Sivcle, ii. 33 (1834 ?).
Kabal-mara, Hulan-mara, 5S.

Thw. Enum. too. C. P. 1517.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 300. Bedd. Fi. Sylv. t. 55.

A tall tree, with pale grey, thin, rather smooth bark,
young branchlets and buds covered with fine golden pu-
bescence; |. large, rachis 8-14 in., stout, at first pubescent
afterwards glabrous, angled above, with a prominent gland
half way between base and lowest pair of pinnez, and also
between the bases of each pair, pinnae 10-15 pair, 34—5
in., thickened at base, pubescent, Iflts. very numerous, 60-80

PART II. K

130 Leguminosae. [Albizzia.

(30-40 pair), crowded, subsessile, about %in., $-ovate, the
midrib close to upper margin, truncate-rounded at base, acute,
slightly pilose beneath, stip. very large but soon falling, 14 in.,
unequally cordate, acuminate, with a filiform tail, base much
dilated on one side, membranous, crisped, pubescent, pinkish-
orange ; fl. on very short ped., in small lax heads, peduncles
1? in., divaricate, pubescent, 1-4 together, arranged in rather
small terminal or axillary panicles; cal. tubular, puberulous,
very slightly toothed ; cor. twice as long as cal., with acute
recurved segm.; stam. I} in., fully 4 times as long as cor.; pod
6-8 in. by 14 in. wide, very shortly stalked, tapering to base,
blunt, roughish but glabrous, pale brown, 8—12-seeded.

Moist low country up to 2000 ft.; common. FI. April, May; white,
the end half of the filaments pink; sweet-scented.

Also in E. Bengal, Burma, and Malaya.

Readily recognised by the golden-orange colouring of the young
foliage. The great pink stipules are very characteristic of this beautiful
tree, but they very soon fall away (not ‘persistent’ as given in FI. B. Ind.),
leaving no trace beyond a small oval scar. The Iflts. quickly fold together
after being gathered.

A quick-growing tree, often planted for shade. Heart-wood pale
brown, soft, light, recommended for tea-boxes.

4. A. amara, Bozv. 7n Encycl. X/X° Siecle, i. 34 (1834 ?). UWyil, 7.

Mhwa oun toon Cee sensro:

Bibs indi. 300s ebeddil i oylvat. O12

A rather small much-branched tree, young shoots
densely pubescent; 1. rather small, rachis 3-4 in., densely
pubescent, with a small gland midway between base and
lowest pair of pinne and another between the bases of that
pair, pinnz 10-16 pair, 1-14 in., densely pubescent, lfits. 20-60
(10-30 pair), closely placed and slightly overlapping, very
small, }in., sessile, linear, subacute, the midrib nearly in the
centre, pubescent, glaucous beneath, articulated and easily
detached; fl. shortly stalked in rather dense heads, 1-14 in.
diam., peduncles solitary or 2 or 3, ascending, from axils of
young |. and not forming a panicle; cal. funnel-shaped, pube-
rulous, segm. short, ciliate; cor. pubescent outside, 3 times as
long as cal.; stam. over $in.; pod 4-5 in. by 1 in. wide, shortly
stalked, apiculate, very thin, veiny, 6-8-seeded.

Dry and desert regions; rare. North of the Island (Gardner); Kalpi-
tiya; Mannar, abundant; near Nalande (Alexander). FI. August;
pinkish.

Also in Peninsular India and E. Trop. Africa.

This is, no doubt, the ‘ Weel-tree’ which Cordiner (I. c. 34) records
from Mannar in 1804.

Wood extremely hard and strong, heavy, and close-grained, dark
rown.

Pithecolobium.| Leg UI21N0SE. 31

A. moluccana, Miq., a native of Java and other Malayan Islands, has
been a good deal planted as a shade-tree during the last ten or twelve
years, having been introduced in 1880. _ Its growth is extraordinarily
rapid; a tree in the Bot. Garden at Peradeniya 63 years old, cut down in
1893, was 89 ft. high, and girthed 63 ft. at a yard above the ground.

64. PETHECOLOBIUM, Ja77.

Trees, sometimes thorny, |. bipinnate, with or without stip.,
fil. small in rounded heads or umbels, not polygamous; cal.
campanulate or tubular, segm. very short ; pet. connate half
Way up into a cor.; stam. indef., monadelphous at base, much
longer than cor., not gland-tipped; pod flat, usually curved
into a circle and often twisted, usually dehiscent, sometimes
jointed, several-seeded.—Sp. 100; 15 in A’. B. Ind.

Pinnze I pair : : : i : 3 . I. P. GEMINATUM.
Pinnz 2-4 pair.
Lfits. 5-8 pair 2. P. UMBELLATUM.
Lfits. 1-3 pair 3. P. BIGEMINUM.
Lfits. 13-20 pair 4. P. SUBCORIACEUM.

1. P. geminatum, Zenth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 202 (1844).

Thw. Enum. 100. Calliandra (?) geminata, Benth. in Trans. Linn.
spcyaex. 546. GC. P. 1531.

Bie. Ind: ii. 303. Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 1510.

A small bushy tree with smooth grey bark, young branches
slender, pubescent ; |. small, stip. spinous, persistent, at length
#in., straight, very sharp, dark brown, pubescent, rachis very
short 4-4 in., pubescent, with stalked erect gland at end,
pinne I pair, about I in., slender, pubescent, lflts. 2-10 (1-5
pair), sessile, unequal, 4—? in., oblong, unequal at base, obtuse,
mucronate, dark green, glabrous and shining, with conspicuous
veins; fl. sessile, crowded, heads (with stam.) 14 in. wide,
peduncles slender, pilose, 1-3 from axils of 1.; cal. shallowly
campanulate, glabrous, segm. widely triangular; cor. cam-
panulate, segm. ovate acute; stam. exserted }—}in. beyond
cor.; pod 2-4 in. by 2 in. wide, shortly stalked, much curved,
often twisted, pointed, flat, usually much constricted (almost
moniliform) between the seeds, dark brown, glabrous, shining,
opening by ventral suture only, seeds about 8.

Dry region; common. Fl. Sept.—Nov.

Endemic. The FI. Brit. Ind., following Beddome, gives also Peninsular
India, but I have seen no specimens thence.

First collected by Koenig. Bentham has referred this latterly, with
a doubt, to Calliandra, not having seen the pod, which is, however,
quite that of Pzthecolobium.

P. dulce; Benth., the ‘Madras Thorn’ of the English in Ceylon, is
much planted for hedges and as a shade-tree in towns, and was, doubt-

ie2 iL, egu minose. [P2thecolobium.

less, a very early introduction. It is figured in Bedd. FI. Sylv.t. 188, and
is a native of Tropical America. There are large old trees in Colombo
and Galle forts.

2. P. umbellatum, Benth. ti Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 202 (1844).
Eyamalai, Ichavalai, 7.

Mimosa umbellata, Vahl, Symb. 11. 103. Thw. Enum. too. C. P. 1530.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 303.

A small tree with rather smooth grey bark, lateral twigs.
often ending in a spinous point, young parts glabrous; 1.
rather small, rachis about ?in., glabrous or pubescent with a
gland between insertion of each pair of pinnae, stip. short,
acute sometimes spinous, often absent, pinne 2 pair, 14-14 in.,
lflts. 10-16 (5-8 pair), sessile, closely placed, $—2 in., oblong,
very obtuse, glabrous on both sides, the terminal pair broader
and approximated ; fl. on glabrous ped., umbels on peduncles.
about 1in. long; cal. tubular-funnel-shaped, glabrous, segm.
very short, triangular; cor. twice as long as cal., puberulous,
segm. lanceolate, acute; stam. exserted $ in. beyond cor., pod
4-5 in. by 2 in. wide, shortly stalked, sucaredl nearly into a
circle, not twisted, strongly constricted between seeds (almost
moniliform), clabrous and shining, ultimately breaking up
into 1-seeded indehiscent joints; seeds 7-10, very flat, nearly
circular,

Dry and intermediate country; rare. Jaffna; Arippu; Mannar;
Teldeniya. Fl. Sept—Nov.; creamy white.

Also in Southern India and Malay Islands.

First collected by Kcenig. Turns black in drying. Readily dis-
tinguished by its jointed indehiscent pod. Mimosa nitida, Vahl, is

probably according to Benth. (l.c. 583) this species; the specimen in
Vahl’s Herb. is from Ceylon.

P. Saman, Benth. mga Saman, Willd.), a native of Central and
Tropical S. America, whence it was introduced into Jamaica, where
it is called ‘Guango,’ has been very much planted as a shade-tree by
roads and in public places. It was introduced to Ceylon about 1851, and
there are very large trees in Peradeniya planted in that year. The pod
is straight and indehiscent, with a sweet pulp round the seeds, and it
scarcely fits well in the genus Pzthecolobium. It is often called the ‘ Rain-
tree,’ and grows with great rapidity to its full size.

3. BP. bigeminum, Senth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 206 (1844).
Kalatiya, S.

Fl. Zeyl. n. 218. Mimosa bigemina, L. Sp. Pl. 517. Thw. Enum. too.
C. P. 644.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 303. Hort. Malab. vi. t. 12.

A moderate-sized tree, with thin, smooth brown bark,
young parts glabrous; |. rather large without stip., main
rachis 4—6 in., glabrous, channelled above, with an oval gland
near the base and another between bases of upper pair of
pinne, pinne 2 (rarely 3) pair, unequal, lowest pair very much

Pithecolobium.] Leguminose. AS

the smallest, distant, horizontal, rachis thickened at base, with
an oval gland just below insertion of each pair of Iflts. except
the lowest, Ifits. large, shortly stalked in lowest pinnz usually
2 (I pair) rarely 4 or 6 (2 or 3 pair), 24-3 in., in upper pinne
usually 6 (3 pair) 4-5 in. the terminal pair much the largest,
all oval or lanceolate, acute at base, caudate-acuminate,
glabrous, thin, dark green; fl. sessile, 2-4 together in little
pedunculate clusters, arranged on long branches of slender
pubescent panicles rather shorter than 1.; cal. campanulate,
pubescent, segm. short, deltoid; cor. 3 or 4 times as long as
cal., segm. lanceolate, acute; stam. tassel-like, exserted for
x in. beyond cal.; pod 3-5 in. by ? in. wide, flat, strongly
curved into a ring or spiral, bluntly pointed, rough but
glabrous, not indented bet. seed, reddish-brown, bright red
within, 5—8-seeded.

Moist region up to 4ooo ft. or more; common. FI. June; cream-
coloured.

Also in India.

The S. name given to his specimen by Hermann is ‘ Ulhanda.’

ne wood is poor and light, the heart-wood scanty or wanting alto-
gether.

4. P. subcoriaceum, 7iw. Enum. i100 (1859). Mimini-
mara, S.

fibwe Enum: too: GC. P. 337.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 305. Bedd. Fl. Sylyv. t. 189 (P. anamallayanum).

A large tree, with smooth thin grey bark and spreading
branches, branchlets covered with very fine brown pubescence;
1. numerous, crowded, rachis 2-3 in., stout, pubescent, with 2
distant sessile glands below lowest pair of pinnz and one
below each of the upper pairs; pinnz 2-4, usually 3 pair,
3-4 in., the uppermost the longest; lflts. 26-40 (13-20 pair),
sessile, }-2 in., obtuse, oblique, the upper side dilated at base,
margin reflexed, glabrous above, pilose beneath, rather thick
and stiff; fl. sessile, heads lax on short peduncles, arranged in
pyramidal terminal panicles, bracts small, fulvous-pubescent ;
cal. tubular, densely pubescent, segm. short triangular; cor.
twice as long as cal., pod shortly stalked, curved into a circle,
puberulous, orange-yellow within, seeds 5-7, jet-black.

Montane zone, 4000-6ooo ft.; common. Fl. March, August; greenish-
white.

Also in mountains of S. India; if P. anamallayanum, Bedd., be the
Same species, as Bentham considers.

Turns black in drying. Wood yellowish, light, soft, smooth.

134 Rosacee. [Pygeume..

XLV.—ROSACE/.

HERBS, shrubs or trees, 1. alt., simple or compound, with
stip.; fl. bisexual (rarely polygamous) regular ; cal.-tube free
from (in Photinia adnate to) ov., segm. 4-6, sometimes with
small adnate bractlets (epicalyx) outside; pet. 4-6 or 0; stam.
def. or indef., perigynous; carp. 1-3 or indef., usually distinct
and free though often enclosed in cal.-tube (adnate to it in
Photinia), style often basal, ovules 1 or 2; fruit various, in-
dehiscent, usually of dry (in Rubus pulpy) achenes, in Photznza
berry-like ; seed without endosperm, cotyledons plane-convex.
Carp. not included in cal.-tube.

Carp. solitary; trees (Prune) . , : : . I. PYGEUM.
Carp. numerous.
Carp. drupaceous; shrubs . : : ; - 2, RUBUS:
Carp. dry (achenes); herbs . : . 3. POTENTILLA.
Carp. included in cal-tube, but not adnate to it
(Poteriea).
Peta:
L. simple . 4. ALCHEMILLA.
L. pinnate . 5. POTERIUM.
Bet 5 . 6. AGRIMONIA.
Carp. adnate to cal.-tube (inferior) (Pomee) . 7. PHOTINIA.

This is an Order mainly of temperate distribution, and all our 12
species, with the exception of Pygeum zeylanicum, are montane plants.
Rubus moluccanus also extends downwards into the moist region as low
as 1000 ft. No species occurs in the dry region. All the genera are
British, except Photiénza and Pygeum.

I. PYGEHUM, Gaerin.

Trees, |. simple, entire, with 2 glands at base, stip. minute,
fl. small, in axillary racemes; cal.-tube obconical, segm. 5 or 63,
pet. very small, 5 or 6 tomentose; stam. 12-20 or more,
perigynous, spreading; carp. solitary, free, ovules 2, pendulous,
style terminal, stigma capitate; fruit transversely oval, 2-lobed,,
indehiscent, pericarp thin, dry; seed solitary with large
hemispherical cotyledons.—Sp. 20; 16 in Fl. B. Ind.
L. quite glabrous ; stam. 20 or more; ov. glabrous. 1. P. WIGHTIANUM
L. hairy on veins beneath ; stam. 12; ov. hairy . 2. P. ZEYLANICUM.

1. BP. Wightianum, B/. del. Botan. 2 (1855).

Polyodontia zeylanica, Wight, Ill. i. 203. Thw. Enum. 102. C. P. 638.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 319. Wight, Ic. t. 256 (Polyodontia zeylanica) from a
Ceylon specimen. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 59 (P. zeylanicum).

Rubus.) Rosacee. ars

A moderate-sized tree, bark rather rough, pale brown,
young shoots slightly adpressed-pubescent; 1. 3-6 in., broadly
oblong-oval, rounded at base, obtuse, entire, glabrous on both
sides, thick, with 2 large round or oval immersed glands one
on either side of midrib near its base, petiole about 4 in., stout,
furrowed, fl. about $ in. wide, ped. longer than cal., spreading,
racemes numerous, erect, narrow, stout, 3—4 in. long, finely
pubescent, cal. pubescent, segm. usually 5; pet. oval, villous on
Margins, stam. 20 or more, much exceeding pet.; ov. glabrous ;
fruit about 2 in. wide by 2 in. long, somewhat didymous, apicu-
late, glabrous, pericarp thinly coriaceous.

Var. 6, parvifolium, 7iw. C. P. 1596.

L, 2-3 in., more rigid, margins often recurved, sometimes
lanceolate, acute; racemes 1-14 in., fl. smaller, on shorter ped.
Montane zone, above 4000 ft.; common; and occasionally at some-

what lower elevations. F]. August-October; white, sweet-scented.
Also on the hills of S. India.

2. P. zeylanicum, Gaerin. Fruct. i. 218 (1788). Golu-mora,
HRankumbal-kétiya, S.

Polyodontia Walkeri, Wight, Ill. i. 203. Pygeum Watlkeriz, Bl. Mel.
Beem. Low. Enum. to2.. C. P. 1532.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 321. Gaertn. Fruct. 1. t. 46, f. 4 (fruit only).

A large tree, with smooth grey bark, branchlets with
numerous large linear lenticels, young shoots densely velvety
with yellow silky hair; 1. rather large 5-7 in., ovate-oval,
rounded at base, acuminate, subacute, glabrous above, hairy
on the prominent veins beneath, entire, stiff, with 2 basal
glands as in the last, petiole short, stout ; fl. about 4in., ped.
woolly, scarcely longer than cal., racemes numerous, 2-4 in.,
erect, narrow, rufous-tomentose; cal. woolly-pubescent, segm.
usually 6, shortly acuminate; pet. 6, very woolly; stam.
usually 12; ov. hairy; fruit 2-1 in. wide by 2—# in. long, not
apiculate, rusty-pubescent becoming glabrous.

Moist low country, rather common. FI]. Feb.; creamy white.

Endemic.

The pet. are difficult to distinguish from the cal.-segm. Wood close-
grainea, rather heavy; yellow. ‘The seeds when bruised have a strong
odour of prussic acid.

In drying, the leaves of both species turn a dark coppery brown.

z, RUBUS, /.

Prickly shrubs with long sarmentose stems, 1. simple or
compound, stip. petiolar or cauline, fl. in axillary and terminal

136 Rosacee. [Rubus.

corymbose panicles; cal. persistent, segm. 5, large, valvate;
pet. 5, imbricate; stam. indefinite; carp. numerous on a convex
receptacle, style subterminal; fruit of numerous small crowded
drupes, stone hard, woody; seed pendulous.—Species va-
riously estimated, say 200; 41 in FZ. B. Ind.
L. simple.
Pet. 4 length of cal.-segm :
Pet. more than 2 2 length of cal.- -segm :

L. 3-foliolate
L. imparipinnate

R. GLOMERATUS.
R. MOLUCCANUS.
R. ELLIPTICUS.

R. LASIOCARPUS.

SS)

1. R. glomeratus, L/. Bijdr. 1111 (1826).

R. micropetalus, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 6. 2. rugosus,
var. 6, Thw. Enum. to1. Trim. Syst. Cat. 30. C. P. 1536, 1537.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 328.

Stems slender with few small hooked prickles, at first
covered with cinnamomeous tomentum, afterwards glabrous,
1. simple, 3-5 in., rather narrower than long, deeply cordate at
base, acute, 3- or obscurely 5-lobed at base, with usually acute
lobes, irregularly dentate-serrate, hairy on the veins above,
densely felted with fine pale cinnamon-coloured tomentum
beneath and with the reticulate venation very prominent,
petiole 14-24 in., stip. deeply pectinate with filiform segm.; fl.
crowded in small short racemose clusters on short stout
peduncles in axils of upper 1. and of pectinate bracts, the
whole forming an elongated tomentose panicle; cal. densely
covered with cinnamomeous hair, segm. entire or slightly
toothed near apex, pubescent within; pet. very small, about 4
length of cal.-segm., rounded; fruit very small, purplish-red.

Upper montane zone; rather common. FI. Jan.-June; white.
Also in Malaya, but not recorded from Indian Peninsula.
Blume’s description is very brief, and the pet. are not described, but

it appears to apply well to our plant, which is, however, perhaps but a
variety of A. moluccanus.

2. R. moluccanus, L. Sf. P/. 1197 (1753). Wel-buté, S.
Moon Cat. 4o. &. rugosus, Sm., Thw. Enum. tor. C. P. 2765.
ABs Inds 10330). Wisiht, lext225.
Stems stout, densely covered with woolly grey or yellowish
hair and set with numerous strong hooked prickles; 1. simple,
3-5 in., usually about as broad as long, cordate at base,
acute, more or less deeply 5- (or 7-) lobed with obtuse or sub-
acute lobes, unequally dentate-serrate, glabrous or hairy on
veins and bright green above, very hairy and more or less
yellowish or grey beneath with prominent reticulate venation
and often with prickles on the main veins, petiole long,

Rubus.) Rosacee. AG)

14-24 in., very hairy, with prickles beneath, stip. large, ovate,
deeply pectinate, very silky, enclosing the buds, caducous ;
fl. in elongated terminal panicles, on long stout ped., bracts
oval, toothed or pectinate at end only; cal. densely silky-
hairy, segm. entire or pectinately toothed at end; pet. fully half
as long as cal.-segm.; fruit bright red or dull purplish-red.

Var. 8, Fairholmianus,* Gard. 1.c. 7 (sp.). A. vrugosus, var. y.
hye bc GC. -P..135:

Stems with few nearly straight prickles, tomentum nearly
white; 1. very rugose above; fruit of very numerous carp.,
dark purple.

Var. y, macrocarpus, Gardan. |. c. 7 (sp.). A. rugosus, var. 6. Thw.
Pee, P1535.

Prickles nearly straight, tomentum cottony, cinnamo-
meous; l. very rugose above; fruit of numerous very large
juicy carp., black.

Moist country at all elevations above 1000 ft.; very common ; vars. 8
and y only in upper montane zone. FI. allthe year; white; vars. 6 and
y, bright pink.

Common throughout India and Malaya.

This is a very variable species in the hill districts ; and the two
varieties given were considered separate species by Gardner. The fruit

of var. y is the only real “ B/ackberry” in Ceylon, it is large and juicy,
and when quite ripe has a good flavour.

3. R. ellipticus, Sy. 27 Rees’ Cyclop. xxx. (1815?).

R. flavus, Ham., Thw. Enum. to1. FR. Gowreephul, Roxb., W. and
A. Prod. 298. -C. P. 25096.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 336. Wight, Ic. t. 230 (2. Gowreephul).

Stems flexuose, finely pubescent and also clothed with
numerous long red horizontal hairs and scattered stout hooked
prickles; 1. pinnately 3-foliolate, rachis 2-24 in., cylindrical,
armed as the stem, stip. obviously petiolar, 4 in., linear-filiform,
erect, Iflts. very shortly stalked, 2-3 in., broadly oblong-oval or
rotundate, obtuse or abruptly acute, sharply serrate, glabrous
above, densely and finely white-pubescent beneath with the
lat. veins prominent ; fl. rather small, on long ped., in copious,
dense, pubescent, axillary and terminal panicles, bracts linear;
cal.-segm. acute, mucronate, densely pubescent ; pet. a little
longer than cal.-segm., obovate; fruit globular, of very
numerous carp. which are covered with a few long hairs, deep
yellow, slightly juicy, stone rugose.

* Dedicated to W. Fairholme, Esq., who accompanied Mr. Gardner
on a journey to Adam’s Peak in 1846, when they were lost for five days in
the forest.

138 Rosacee. [Rubus..

Montane region; common. FI. all the year; pure white, anthers.
cream-colour.

Also in Western Himalayas, Burma, &c.

This may be the &. Janzculatus of Moon Cat. 40, from Maturata.

Though this species is very similar to the Blackberries of Europe, its.
deep yellow finely hairy fruit is scarcely edible.

4. R. lasiocarpus, Sm. zz Rees’ Cyclop. xxx. (1815).
R. parvifolius, Moon Cat. 40. Thw. Enum. tor. C. P. 1533.
MB. Indi 339, Wight, Ic. t. 232:

Stems erect, glabrous but covered with a fine white pinkish
or blueish “bloom” easily rubbed off, armed with large nearly
straight compressed prickles ; |. imparipinnate, rachis 34—5 in.,
stout, horizontal, flexuose, with numerous hooked prickles,
furrowed above, stip. rather small, linear, silky, lflts. 5-9
(2-4 pair and end one), shortly stalked, lanceolate-oval or
ovate, acute or rounded or cordate at base, acute at apex,
coarsely and irregularly serrate, glabrous above, very white
with fine cottony tomentum beneath; fl. in long pubescent
ped. in small short axillary and terminal corymbs, bracts.
filiform; cal.-segm. very acute, aristate, woolly on both
sides; pet. rounded; fruit rather large, $ in. or more, carp.
numerous, fleshy, pink, densely covered with fine white
pubescence.

Var. B, subglaber, 7hw. /.c. R&R. leucocarpus, Arn. Pug. 16.
(Coes TseuL

Lfits. smaller, broadly ovate, not white beneath but
glabrous save for scanty hair on the veins.

Montane region, 3000-6000 ft. or more; common. Var. 6, Nuwara.
Eliya. Fl. throughout the year, pink.

Also throughout India and in Java.

There are two forms, large and small-flowered, the former being met
with at the higher elevations only.

This is known as the ‘ Wild Raspberry,’ which it much resembles ;.
the fruit, however, has no flavour, and is besides covered with a woolly
coat, which renders it inedible.

Fragaria vesca, L. Walker-Arnott, in Pug. 16, say she has seem
badly dried specimens from Ceylon gathered at 6000 ft. And about
Nuwara Eliya patches of so-called ‘wild’ strawberries are to be found
occasionally, but only, | think, as escapes from cultivation.* About
Ootacamund in the Nilgiris, however, a wild strawberry, /. mdlgerrensis,
Schldl., is said to be very common, and is figured (as /. e/atzor ) in Wight,,
Ic. t. 988 ; but our plant does not agree with this, but with the common
wild strawberry of England.

* T am informed that the first wild strawberries noticed at N. Eliya
came up in a Cinchona clearing made in 1864, but Arnott’s must have:
been collected at a much earlier date.

Potentilla.] Rosacec. 139

3. POTENTILLA, J.

Herbs, |. compound, stip. adnate to petiole, fl. in cymose
panicles; cal. with 5 segm., persistent, with 5 adnate bractlets
outside (epicalyx); pet. 5; stam. indef.; carp. indef., distinct,
style basal or terminal, ovule solitary, pendulous; fruit com-
posed of numerous very small dry indehiscent achenes.—
Sp. 120; 39 in. Fl. B. Ind.

L. imparipinnate. : : : : ‘ . I. P. MOONIANA.
L. palmately 5- foliolate : . ‘ é : 2 By Les IRIN TUMSUAS

1. P. Mooniana, Wight, Jc. 1. t. 233 (1840).

Thw. Enum. tor. C. De 2767.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 349. Wight, l. c. (no petals): from a Ceylon specimen.

A perennial herb with a stout woody rootstock and long
stout, prostrate, very hairy branches often rooting at the
nodes; 1. large, in a rosette at top of rootstock, and distant on
the branches, imparipinnate, rachis stout, very hairy, usually
3-4 in. (sometimes much longer), stip. acuminate, # in., mem-
branous, lflts. numerous, sessile, very unequal in size, usually
in alternately larger and smaller pairs, larger ones 4-1 in.,
oval, obtuse, coarsely serrate, with bristle-tipped serrations,
nearly glabrous above, silvnesley on the veins beneath,
plicate, smaller ones about 4 in., rotundate; flowering branches
erect from leaf-axils, 6-12 in. , bearing the fl. on long, slender,
hairy, stiff ped. in a lax terminal irregularly dichotomous
panicle; cal.-segm. oval, acute, hairy, bractlets similar but
rather shorter, pet. orbicular, longer than cal.-segm.; achenes
very numerous, smooth, on a hairy receptacle.

Upper montane zone; rather rare. Nuwara Eliya; Totapella ;

Horton Plains; Pedurutalagala. FI. July, August; yellow.
Also in the Himalaya, but not in S. Indian mountains.

2. P. Kleiniana, W. and A. Prod. 300 (1834).

Thw. Enum. 102. C. P. 2768.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 359. Wight, Ill. t. 85.

Annual, stems numerous, prostrate but not rooting, slen-
der, hairy; |. palmately 5-foliolate, the radical ones on very
long ee the stem ones on much shorter hairy petioles,
stip. 4 in., lanceolate, acute, glabrous, Iflts. unequal, nearly
sessile, Se in. (terminal the largest), oval or spathulate-oval,
acute at base, obtuse, deeply toothed, glabrous above, silky
on veins beneath ; fl. smaller, but arranged much as in the last,
cal.-segm. and bractlets with a few long hairs; pet. scarcely ex-
ceeding cal., achenes on a glabrous receptacle, deeply wrinkled.

140 Rosacee. [Poterium.

Upper montane zone; rather common. FI. April, September,

October ; yellow. a ;
Also in the Himalaya and Nilgiris; and in Yunan, Java, and Japan.

4. ALCHEMILLA, Z.

Perennial herb with prostrate stems, |. simple, with large
petiolar stip., fl. minute, in corymbose cymes; cal. campanulate
with 4 adnate bractlets outside, segm. 4; pet.o; stam. 4; disk
at mouth of cal.-tube large and thick; carp.1, free, style basal ;
fruit a single achene enclosed in persistent cal.-tube—Sp. 30 ;
2 in Fl. B. Ind.

A. indica, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 8 (1847).

A. vulgaris, Arn. Pug. 16 (non L.). A. vulgaris, L., var. sarmentosa,
Aline Ids, WO, (C, 12, Ao.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 361. Wight, Ic. t. 229 (A. vulgaris).

A perennial herb with a semi-woody erect rootstock
clothed with remains of sheathing stip., stems numerous, very
long, prostrate, with abundant spreading hair; 1. numerous,
suborbicular, the basal ones 14-2} in., the stem ones I-14 in.,
cut into 7-9, shallow, rounded lobes, sharply crenate-serrate,
silky-hairy on both sides but especially beneath which is
silvery white, plicate in bud, petiole variable in length, very
long in basal |., covered with long spreading hair, stip. very
large, connate below into a tube surrounding the stem, the
free part oblong-lanceolate, acute, often toothed at the end,
hairy, membranous or herbaceous; fl. very small, on short ped.,
cymes small, rather dense, on erect hairy peduncles from axils
of stem-l., bracts numerous, ovate, often toothed ; cal. villous
with white hairs.

Var. 6, sibthorpioides, /7Z. 7.1. c. 361.

“Very slender, 1. $- in. diam., cymes panicled.”

Upper montane zone ; rather common. I have not seen var. 8, which
was collected by Gardner. Fl. April; yellowish-green.

Occurs also in the Nilgiris Pulney Hills.

When very luxuriant the leaves are 9-11-lobed, with the lobes over-
lapping. Wight, followed in FI. Brit. Ind., quotes ‘A. zeylanica, Moon’
for this, but there is no such name in his Cat., and this high mountain
plant could scarcely have been known to him.

5. POTERIUM, Z.

Erect perennial herb, 1. imparipinnate, stip. petiolar, fi.
small, polygamous, nearly sessile in small dense terminal
heads ; cal. with a top-shaped persistent tube, and 4 petaloid

Agrimonia.] Rosacee. I4I

deciduous segm.; pet. 0; stam. 4 or 2; carp. I-3; ripe carp.
solitary, enclosed in hardened cal.-tube.—Sp. 20; 5 in FZ. B.
Ind., but no species is known from the Indian Peninsula.

P. indicum, Garvan. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 10 (1847).

fibws Emume 1025 G2 Po 2771.

Wi Bb. Indi. 363.

An erect perennial herb, 2-3 ft., stems glabrous, striate ;
], pinnate, rachis 3-6 in. glabrous, sheathing at base, Ifits.
shortly stalked, about 4 in. broadly oval, with a few large
teeth, nearly glabrous; head of fruit small, 2 in., globular, on
very long erect peduncle, bracts rounded ciliate, ripe carp.
enclosed in persistent cal.-tube which is about }in., trapezoid-
ovoid, hard, with 4 narrow wings.

Montane zone; very rare. This has apparently been twice gathered,
first on ‘Adam’s Peak, 1835,’ by Mr. H. de Alwis, from whose specimens
in Hb. Perad. (now C. P. 2771) Gardner described the species; and
afterwards, in 1839, by Sir J. A. Stewart Mackenzie,* Governor of Ceylon,
whose excellent specimens, without definite locality, are now in Hb. Kew.
Subsequent search for it has been vain.

Endemic.

There is some doubt as to the locality of these specimens, and I sus-
pect all are really from the same gathering. My material in Hb. Perad.
is very scanty, and I am unable to give a full description.

Rosa. There is no wild species of Rose in Ceylon.

6. AGRIMONTIA, J.

Erect perennial herb, |. interruptedly imparipinnate, stip.
petiolar, fl. small, in spikelike racemes; cal. persistent and
enlarged in fruit, tube turbinate, with 3 whorls of hooked spines
round the top, segm. 5; pet. 5; stam. usually 5; disk thick,
nearly closing mouth of cal.-tube; carp. 2 at base of cal.-tube,
styles terminal; fruit of 2 (or 1) achenes enclosed in hardened
enlarged cal.-tube.—Sp. 8; 3 in “7. B. Ind., but no species
in Peninsular India.

A. zeylanica, J/00n Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 37 (1824).
A. LEupatorium, Thw. Enum. 102; Arn. Pug. 16. C. P. 2769.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 362. Wight, Ic. t. 224 (A. Eupatorium) (bad).

A perennial herb about 3 ft. high, stem erect, slightly
branched, villous with coarse shaggy hair; 1. numerous, the
radical ones often 8-10in., the stem ones smaller and
gradually passing into bracts, rachis stout, villous-hairy, stip.

* Printed as ‘Sir J. G. McKenzie’ in FI. B. Ind.

142 Rosacee. [ Photinia.

large, leafy, hairy, adnate to petiole below, free part semi-
hastate, deeply toothed or gashed, Iflts. very unequal, the
larger ones #-14 in., very broadly oval or subrotundate, obtuse,
coarsely toothed, silky-hairy on both sides, especially beneath,
the smaller ones often minute; fl. very shortly stalked, distant,
in very long erect terminal spikes, each in axil of toothed
leafy bract; cal.-segm. acuminate; pet. oval-oblong; styles
exserted, stigma bilobed ; cal.-tube in fruit strongly grooved
hairy, spines erect, glabrous, red.

Montane zone, 4000-7000 ft., in grassy or bushy places ; rather rare,
though locally plentiful, especially in Uva Province. Fl. Feb.—April ;
yellow.

Endemic.

This is very close to the common A. Lufatorium of Europe, but is a
sufficiently well-marked local variety todeserveaname. It is remarkable
that it does not occur in the S. Indian hills.

7, PHOTINIA, Lindl.

Trees, 1. simple, with subulate deciduous stip., fl. small, in
terminal corymbs; cal.-tube adnate to ov., segm. 5; pet. 5;
stam. I5 or 20; ov. inferior, 2-celled, with 2 ascending ovules
in each cell, styles distinct, stigmas dilated; fruit a small
berry-like pome, flesh scanty, endocarp membranous ; seeds 2
with a leathery testa.—Sp. 8; 5 in AZ Bb. Ind...

P. Notoniana, W. and A. Prod. 302 (1834).

Thw. Enum. too. C. P. 136.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 380. Wight, Ill. i. t. 86; Ic. t.991. Bedd. FI. Sylv.
t. 192.

A small tree with wrinkled bark, young parts glabrous ;
]. 4-6 in., oval or lanceolate, tapering to or rounded at base,
acuminate, acute, entire, somewhat undulate, glabrous on
both sides, thin, rather stiff, shining above, paler beneath,
petiole long, 1-14 in.; fl. small, 4 in., numerous, on glabrous
ped., corymbs terminal, much branched, quite glabrous; cal.
glabrous, segm. triangular; pet. broadly oval or rotundate,
distant, clawed; fruit less than }in., capped with remains
of cal.-teeth, glabrous, red-purple; seeds compressed, pointed
at both ends.

Upper montane zone, to highest elevations ; ratherrare. Fl. March,
April; pinkish-white, slightly scented.

Also in the Nilgiris, and mountains of Khasia, Martaban, and Java.

The only Ceylon member of the apple tribe ; the little berry-like fruit
has a harsh, bitter flavour.

Crassulacee. 143

MEV SAXNIPRAGACE Ze.

HERBACEOUS, |. opp., without stip. fl. small, regular ; cal.-
tube completely adnate to ov., segm. 5; pet. 5; stam. 5,
epigynous; ov. completely inferior, 1-celled, with 2 pendulous
placentas, ovules numerous, styles 2, distinct; fruit a capsule,
dehiscing septicidally from apex; seeds numerous, very small,
with endosperm.

A single annual herb very badly represents this large Order. There is

no species of Sazzfraga in our hills or in the Nilgiris, but 35 are given in
FI. B. Ind. for the Himalaya range.

VAHLIA, 7hun).
For characters, see Order.—Sp. 33; 2 in Fv. B. Ind.

V. oldenlandioides, ox. F7. Ind. ii. 89 (1832).

Thw. Enum. 130, 418. C. P. 1686, 1687.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 399. Wight, Ic. t. 562.

Annual herb with a long tap root and a short erect central
stem and many spreading or prostrate ones, glabrous or very
finely glandular-pubescent ; 1. small, #-14 in., sessile, linear-
strap-shaped, tapering at both ends, acute, glabrous or
puberulous ; fl. small, numerous, on short slender ped., usually
2 at end of slender glandular-pubescent axillary and terminal
peduncles as long as 1.; cal. finely glandular-pubescent, segm.
short triangular, persistent, pet. oblong, about as long as cal.-
segm.; capsule 4 in., subglobose, crowned with cal.-segm. ;
seeds very minute and numerous.
eed region ; apparently very rare. Jaffna, frequent. Fl. Feb., March;
white.

Dry or desert districts of India, Persia, and Trop. Africa.

Easily mistaken for an Oldenlandia.

[V. viscosa, Roxb., given for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind., does not occur
here (see Thw. Enum. 418).]

XLVII.—CRASSULACEE.
PERENNIAL herbs, |. opp., simple, succulent, without stip.; fl.
regular, bisexual, in paniculate cymes; sep. 4, very slightly
connate at base; pet. completely combined into a cor. with a

144 Crassulacee. [Kalanchoe.

long inflated tube, lobes 4, spreading ; stam. 8, inserted in 2
rows on the tube of cor. (epzpetalous); carp. 4, slightly adnate
to base of cor.-tube, distinct, each with a linear scale at the
base, styles long; fruit of 4 follicles; seeds very numerous,
with endosperm.

RALANCHOE, 4aazis.
For characters, see Order.—Sp. 25; 6 in FZ. B. Ind.

Leaves oval, crenate. : ‘ : : : . I. K. FLORIBUNDA..
Leaves pinnatifid. . : : : 3 ; . 2. K. LACINIATA.

1. K. floribunda, W. aud A. Prod. 359 (1834), var. glabras,
Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. 1. c.

Thw. Enum. 129. C. P. 540.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 414.

A large perennial herb, 2-3 ft. high, perfectly glabrous.
throughout, stem erect, not branched, hollow; 1. all opposite,
articulated, very succulent, the lowest 4 in., gradually becoming”
smaller upwards, the uppermost about 14in., spathulate-oval,
rounded or obtuse at apex, gradually tapering to long base-
(? petiole), coarsely serrate-crenate, pale yellowish green; fl.
numerous, ped. a little shorter than sep., arranged in large, lax
flat-topped trichotomous corymbose cymes, bracts linear; sep.
narrowly lanceolate, very acuminate; cor. 2 in., tube inflated
below, segm. }in., very acute; follicles 2in., erect, narrow,,
beaked, at first enclosed in the white scarious persistent base
of cor.-tube.

Montane zone, on rocks; rare. Hantane; Pundalu-oya (E. Green) ;.
Padanawella, Uva (Nock) ; face of the hill opposite Hakgala towards.
Fort Macdonald (Nock). Fl. Nov.—Jan.; orange-yellow.

Also in the Indian Peninsula.

2. K. laciniata, DC. P/. Grasses, ili. t. 100 (1799).

Moon Cat. 32. Thw. Enum. 129,417. C. P. 3836.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 415 (not given for Ceylon). Wight, Ic. t. 1158.

A large succulent herb, perfectly glabrous throughout,
stems very stout, slightly branched, pale glaucous green ;,
]. numerous, large, very succulent, 3—4 in., on flattened fleshy
petiole 1-13 in. long, very variable, the lowest deeply gashed,
the middle ones more or less deeply pinnatifid, the uppermost
with narrow almost cylindrical segm., all shining, pale
glaucous-green ; fl. rather large, ped. glabrous about as long
as cal., cymes large, lax, paniculate not flat-topped; sep.
lanceolate, acute; cor.-tube 4+in., segm. }in., oval, acute.

Lower montane zone; very rare. Matale East (Thwaites). There-
are no specimens of C. P. 3836 in Hb. Perad. nor any drawing. Moon.

Drosera. | Dyroseracee. IA5

gives ‘Kandy’ as locality, where it was also found by H. de Alwis.
There are plants in the Botanic Gardens (of unknown origin), and from
these the above description is taken. Fl. March—May ; bright chrome
yellow.

Also in India, Malaya, and Trop. Africa.

Bryophyllum calycinum, Salisb. (C. P. 541) is a common plant on
bare rocky places throughout the low and lower montane country, and
has all the look of a native. It occurs in similar places throughout the
Tropics, but is believed to be originally from Trop. Africa. Mrs. Walker,
in her tour in 1837 (Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 242), says it had been then in-
troduced only ‘a few years ago.’ It is called ‘Akkapana,’ or ‘ Rata-
gowa’ by the Singhalese, and is recorded by Moon in 1824 (Cat. 32) as
Calanchoe pinnata, with Colombo as the locality.

XLVIII.—DROSERACE.

SMALL perennial herbs, |. radical or cauline fringed with
glandular tentacles, stip. adherent to petioles or absent; fl.
small, regular, bisexual; cal. free, persistent, segm. 5, deep;
pet 5, persistent; stam. 5, Ayfogynous; ov. superior, 1-celled
with 3 or 5 parietal placenta, ovules very numerous, styles 3
or 5; fruit a dry capsule, loculicidally 3- or 5-valved ; seeds
very numerous, minute, black, with raised reticulations, with
endosperm.

The flowers have quite hypogynous pet. and stam., and the Order is
often placed near Vzolacea.

Of our three species one is montane, one confined to the low country,
and one generally distributed.
DROSERA, Z.
For characters, see Order.—Sp. 100; 3 in FY, B. Ind.

L. radical, round-spathulate
L. cauline, linear.
L. cauline, semilunate .

. D. BURMANNI.
PLO ENDING Ay
DP ETAT AY

GN =

1.D. Burmanni, Vahl, Symb. Bol. iii. 50 (1794). Wata-
essa, 5S.

Herm. Mus. 18. Burm. Thes. 207. YD. rotundifolia, L., Sp. Pl. 281
(part). Fl. Zeyl. n. 120. Moon Cat. 23. Thw. Enum. 21. C. P. 1080.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 424. Burm. Thes. t. 94, f. 2. Wight, Ill. t. 20, A.; Ic. t.

944 (not good).

A small stemless herb, |. all radical forming a close rosette
on the ground, 4-4 in., round-spathulate, tapering into a flat
petiole, upper surface with numerous gland-tipped tentacles,

PART II. ie

146 Droseracec. [Drosera

_longest at the margin, stip. adnate to petiole, scarious, cut into
long filiform lacinie; fl. about } in. on long slender ped..,
secund, about 8-20 at end of erect slender, glabrous scapes
4-6 in. high, 1-3 in number, from axils of inner leaves; cal.
minutely papillose, segm. linear-oblong, obtuse; pet. rather
longer than cal., spathulate; styles 5, undivided; capsule
5-celled, seeds reticulate.

Wet places throughout the island; common at all elevations. FI.
March, April; white.

Found throughout the Tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.

Closely allied to the common Sundew (DV. rotundifolia) of England.

2. D. indica, L. Sf. P/. 282 (1753). Mandul-essa, S.

Herm. Mus. 63.° Burm. Thes. 207" Bl Zeyl) n. 127. )MooniGatwzs"
Thw. Enum. 21. C. P. 1088.

Fl B. Ind: 1.424. Burm: Thes. t. 94, £1. Wight, Ul istacoumnc

Stem weak, decumbent, slightly branched, glandular-
pubescent; 1. numerous, cauline, alternate, 1}-13in., narrowly
linear, strongly circinate in vernation, deflexed but again
curved upwards at end when old, lower half (petiole) glabrous,
rest copiously fringed with very fine gland-tipped tentacles ;
fl. over 4in. on long ascending ped., 6-8 in rather stout
axillary and terminal glandular racemes longer than 1.; cal.-
segm. oblong-oval, subobtuse, entire, glandular-pubescent ;,
pet. narrow, spathulate, obtuse; styles 3; seeds minute, ovoid,
strongly ridged, with raised reticulation.

Low country; rather rare. Pasdun Korale; Negombo; Kurunegala;
Nilgala; Jaffna (dwarf form). Fl. July; white.

Also in S. India, Burma, Malaya, and China, and in Trop. Australia.
and Africa.

3. D. peltata, Sm. in Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1546 (1797).

D. lunata, Ham., Thw. Enum. 22; Moon Cat. 23. C. P. 2553.

Fl Bind, i. 424. Wight, [1 t. 20, & Dy Elcok: eeeianaass
(D. lunata). ais

Stem erect, 6-10 in. high, occasionally with a branch or
two near the top, glabrous, arising from a globose, solid,
smooth, red bulbil about 4in. diam. (a few rootlets come from
base of stem above the bulbil); 1. numerous, alternate, rather
distant along whole length of stem, petiole very slender,
spreading, curved, blade vertical, peltately attached, semi-
circular with the upper edge straight or slightly concave and
prolonged at the corners into long acuminate horns giving the
whole a semilunate outline, tentacles very numerous, the
marginal ones long and spreading, the rest short; fl. nearly
3 in., on long ascending, slightly pilose ped., about 8 in a raceme
which is at first nodding, afterwards erect; cal.-segm. ovate,

Serpicula.] Flaloragee. 147

acute, laciniate or ciliate at margin, glabrous; pet. truncate
much longer than sep.; ov. globose, furrowed, glabrous, with
5 placentas, styles 3, much divided into blunt processes.

Wet places in upper montane zone; rather common. FI. April,
August-November ; white.

Also in India, Malaya, and Australia.

Turns black in drying, and makes a vinous-purple stain on the paper

When old the plant has exhausted the bulbil, which then become
shrunken, a new one being formed at its side.

XLIX.-HALORAGE.

SMALL aquatic or semi-aquatic herbs, |. opp. or alt. or
verticillate, fl. minute, unisexual, moncecious, axillary; male
fl.:—cal. 4-fid or 0, pet. 4 or 0, stam. I or 4-8; fem. fl. :—cal.-
tube adnate to ov. segm. 4 or 0, pet. 0, ov. inferior, I- 2- or
4-celled, ovules 4, pendulous, styles or stigmas 2 or 4; fruit
minute, indehiscent or separating into constituent carp., seeds
1-4, embryo in axis of fleshy endosperm.

Pet. of male fl. 4

Pet. o.
Submerged water plant
Creeping herb

I. SERPICULA.

2. MYRIOPHYLLUM.
3. CALLITRICHE.

Myriophyllum is found in ie ae tas country, Serpzcula and Callz-
triche in the montane zone.

1. SERPICULA, Z.

Small decumbent much-branched herbs, 1. opp. or alt., fl.
minute, unisexual, moncecious, axillary, male fl. stalked, female
sessile; male fl.:—cal. with short tube, segm. 4, pet. 4, stam. 8,
ov. 0; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube adnate to ov. segm. 4, pet. and stam.
oO, ov. inferior, 1-celled, with 4 pendulous ovules, styles 4, short,
with large rayed stigmas; fruit minute, indehiscent, hard,
t-seeded.—Sp. 4; 2 in #2. B. Ind.

Fruit glabrous, strongly ribbed and tubercled_ . Le Oa ZEVUANICA,
Fruit pubescent, not ribbed or tubercled 2. S. HIRSUTA.

1. S. zeylanica, Arn. in F/. B. Ind. ii. 431 (1878).

Haloragis oligantha, Arn, Pug. 18 (non Wight).
Thw. Enum. 123. C. P. 146, 451, 447.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 431.

Stems sometimes slightly woody at base, much branched,
decumbent, ascending or even erect, stout, glabrous; 1. very

S. indica (part),

148 FI alorag Ce. [Wyriophyllum.

numerous, close, usually alt., articulated with stem and leaving
a prominent scar, usually narrowly linear, acute, entire or
with a few large sharp teeth in upper part, glabrous, some-
times cuneate-obovate, with minute teeth and ciliate; ped. of
male fl. not longer than 1., very slender, glabrous; fruit minute,
oblong-oval, narrowed above, glabrous, strongly 8-ribbed,
with the ribs tuberculated.

Var. 6, minor, Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. 1. c.

A minute plant, 13-3 in., with filiform stems, 1. opposite,
very small.

Upper montane zone ; very rare. On Adam’s Peak, where it is abun-
dant near the base of the uppermost cone; Maturata. Var. 6, Watte-
kelle, 1864. FI. March, &c.

Endemic.

Thwaites did not distinguish this from the next, and called the com-
bined plants S. zzdica,; and this is perhaps the best treatment. C. P.
451, with the fruit of S. zeylanzca, has the leaves of S. Azvsuta, and looks
quite intermediate ; var. 8 seems to be merely a dwarf state of this form.

2. S. hirsuta, W. and A. Prod. 338 (1834).

S. brevipes, W. and A., Arn. Pug. 18. S. zzdica, Thw. Enum. 123
(part); Trim. Syst. Cat. 31. C.P. 1545.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 431 (S. zza@zca). Wight, Ic. t. toot.

Stems prostrate, wide-creeping, often very long, much
branched, rooting at the nodes, slender, slightly pilose, red ; 1.
numerous, opp. or alt., nearly sessile, usually under 4 in.,
tapering to cuneate base, oval or obovate-oval, with a few
large teeth in upper half, glabrous on both sides, ciliate on
margin, often red beneath; male fl. few, on very slender,
pubescent ped. longer than 1. (4-3 in.), fem. fl. sessile, in
axillary clusters; male fl.:—cal.-segm. acute, pet. oblong,
concave, pubescent outside, soon falling, anth. large, cream-
coloured ; fem. fl.:—cal.-segm. triangular, pubescent, stigmas
spreading ; fruit very minute, broadly ovoid or subglobular,
not ribbed, pubescent.

Moist open ground, especially near streams in the montane zone above
4ooo ft.; very common. Fl.all the year; pinkish.

Also in the mountains of S. India.

As S. hirsuta and S. brevipes of Wight and Arnott are not distinguish-
able as species, and as the names are of the same date, I adopt that most
suitable to our form.

2. MYRIOPHYLLUM, Z.

Submerged aquatic, |. verticillate, fl. very small, axillary,
unisexual, moncecious (rarely bisexual); male fl.:—cal. minute
4-fid, pet. 4, stam. 4-8; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube connate with ov.,

Callitriche.] flaloragec. I49

segm. 4, very small, pet. 0, ov. quite inferior, 4-celled, stigmas
4, plumose ; fr. of 4 nearly distinct carp—Sp. 15; 5 in FZ B.
Ind.

M. indicum, /V7//d. Sp. Pi. iv. 407 (1805).

Moon Cat. 64. Haloragis oligantha, Wight, Ic. iii. pt. 4, 3. Thw.
num 123. C.P: 1549.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 433. Wight, Ic. t. 1061.

A submerged water-herb, stems long, much branched, stout,
glabrous, the upper portion often floating on the surface; 1.
very numerous, in whorls of 2-5 (usually 4), $-#in., the
uppermost ones linear, attenuate to base, acute, nearly entire,
glabrous, the intermediate ones more or less toothed or
pectinate, the lowest ones entirely cut into narrow filiform
segm. looking like branched rootlets; fl. sessile, male in the
upper axils, female in the lower ones, and a few bisexual ones
between them; stam. generally 6, as long as pet.; fruit
depressed of 4 nearly globular lobes (carp.), glabrous, bluntly
muriculate.

Canals, ponds, and tanks in the dry region; rathercommon. Jafina;
Bintenne; Chilaw; Kalawewa. FI. all the year.

Also in the Carnatic, Bengal, and Assam.

I have never seen anything like a spicate arrangement of the inflo-
rescence in our plant. When left growing on mud uncovered by the
water the much-divided 1. are not produced. Wight’s figure above quoted
is good for this form, but Clarke (in F]. B. Ind.) refers it, and also Wight,
Herb. n. 942, to MW. zntermedium DC., which is, however, probably not
distinguishable as a species.

Willdenow, in the original description, gives Ceylon as a locality.

3. CALLITRICHE, L.

Seema annual herb, |. opp., ff. minute; unisexual,
moncecious; cal. and pet. o (achlamydeous), male fl. of 1
stam., female fl. of a 4-celled ov. with 1 pendulous ovule in each
cell, styles 2 long; fruit indehiscent of 4 carp. combined in 2
pair, ultimately separating.—Sp. about 10; 2 in FZ. B. Lud.

C. stagnalis, Scop. Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, ii. 251 (1772).

C. verna, Thw. Enum. 290 (non L.). C. P. 303, 3636.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 434. Wight, Ic. t. 1947 (C. Wightiana).

A very small annual flaccid herb, with slender prostrate
glabrous stems rooting at the nodes; |. small, opposite, 4-—# in.,
spathulate-oval, tapering to petiole, obtuse, glabrous; fl.
axillary sessile, a male and a female usually in each axil,
bracts large, boat-shaped, white, soon falling ; fruit very small,
compressed, circular, glabrous, each carp. with a narrow wing
round the edge.

150 Rhizophoracee. [Rhizophora.

Upper montane zone ; a common weed on damp ground or mud. FI.
all the year.

Found in most parts of the Old World, temperate and Tropical. The
Ceylon plant is somewhat smaller than the common English form, and
has a rather narrower wing to the fruit.

L.—RHIZOPHORACE/E.

TREES or shrubs, |. opp., with large interpetiolar stip. (alt. and
without stip. in Azzsophyllea), entire, glabrous; fl. regular,
bisexual; cal. more or less adnate to ov. (free in Wezhea),
segm. 4, 5, or 8-14, valvate; pet. same number as cal.-segm.,
often cut or laciniate; stam. double number of pet. (in Wezhea
more) perigynous or epigynous (hypogynous in Wezhea); disk
annular and lobed or absent; ov. inferior or half-inferior
(superior in Wezhea), 2-4-celled, with 2 (1 in Azzsophyllea)
pendulous ovules in each cell; fruit leathery, indehiscent,
1-seeded (dehiscent and with 4-6 seeds in Wezhea); seed
usually with a large macropodous embryo without endosperm,
sometimes with a small embryo in axis of copious endosperm.

L. opp., with interpetiolar stip.
Seed without endosperm, embryo germinating in
the fruit (Rhizophorea).

Pet. 4, ov. = 4-inferior I. RHIZOPHORA.

Pet. 5, ov. $-inferior 2. CERIOPS.

Pet. 8-14, a, quite inferior s 3. BRUGUIERIA.
Seed with fleshy endospenn (Legnotidea),

Ov. inferior. 4. CARALLIA.

Ov. superior 5. WEIHEA.

L. alt., without stip. Seed without endosperm (Ani-
"soph ry lle@) : ‘ : : . 6. ANISOPHYLLEA.

The tribe AAzzophoree are the true Mangroves, and our 6 species are
found in suitable places all round the coast of the island. Of the rest,
the endo Carallia calycina is nearly restricted to the lower montane

zone; Wezhea and Anisophyllea are low-country plants, and the latter is
Berne to the moist region.

1. RHIZOPHORA, Z.

Moderate-sized trees, sending down numerous aérial roots
from the stem and branches, |. opp. entire, thick, with large
interpetiolar deciduous stip. enclosing the buds, fl. in pairs,
each supported by 2 hard thick fused bracts; cal. very deeply

Rhizophora.] Rhizophoracee. 151

divided, segm. 4, persistent, enlarged in fruit; pet. 4; stam. 8
or II (or 12), anth. nearly sessile, with numerous cells; ov.
half-inferior, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell; fruit conical,
leathery, indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded, perforated at apex by
the large cylindrical radicle of the germinating seed.—Sp. 5 ;
2 in Fl. B. Ind.

Fl. on short ped., peduncle 13 in. . : . . I. R. MUCRONATA.
Fl. sessile, peduncle j in.. : : : : . 2. R. CANDELARIA.

1. R. mucronata, Lam. Encyc. vi. 169 (1804). WMadol, S.
KEandal, 7.

R. Candel, Moon Cat. 36 (non L.). Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 362.
Wight, Ill. i. 209. Thw. Enum. 120. C. P. 1960.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 435. Wight, Ic. t. 238.

A moderate-sized tree with a spreading head, branchlets
thick, marked with close scars of fallen J. and stip., young
parts glabrous, purple; 1. 44-5 in., oval, acute at both ends
and with a strong brown point nearly } in. long at apex,
perfectly glabrous, thick, bright green, pale beneath and dotted
with minute red spots, petiole 4—#in., stout, stip. 2 in., glabrous,
soon falling; fl. moderate-sized, on short, very thick ped., 2
pairs together at end of stout somewhat drooping peduncles
about 14 in. long from axils of 1. of same year; cal.-segm.
about 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, thick, glabrous, keeled within ;
pet. about as long as sep., narrow, obtuse, curved, thick,
induplicate, hairy within; stam. 8, anth. linear, very acute;
fruit 14-2 in., ovate-conical, pendulous, slightly rough, dark
brown ; embryo attaining 18in.,or even more, before falling
from fruit.

Salt-water estuaries and backwaters round the whole coast. FI.
Aug., Sept.; white, sep. pale yellow.

Seashores throughout the Eastern Tropics.

A good picture of the habit of this mangrove is given in t. i. of
Karsten’s ‘ Mangrove-Vegetation’ (Biblioth. Botan. pt. xxi. 1891). Moon
calls this ‘Ela-Kadol, S. In drying it turns a dark purplish-brown.
Heart-wood reddish, very hard. The fishermen soak their nets in the sap
to make them durable.

2,.R. Candelaria, DC. Prod. iii. 32 (1828). Kadol, S.
Kandal, 7.

?. Mangle, Moon Cat. 36 (L. in part). 2. conjugata, Arn. 1. c. 363;
‘Thw. Enum. 120 (non L.). C. P. 1968.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 436 (2. conjugata). Rheede, Hort. Malab. vi. t. 34.
mare, 1. c. t. 2, £..1

A rather smaller tree than &. mucronata, but otherwise
very similar, 1. 5-6 in., lanceolate-oval, acute at base, tapering
to acute apex and very shortly mucronate, paler and slightly

152 Rhizophoracez. [Cerdops..

dotted beneath, petiole a7! in., stip. 2-3 in.; fl. sessile
peduncles wee) short, about 4 in., stout, from axils of fallen 1.;
cal.-segm. 2—# in., ovate-oblong, acute, striate externally ; pet.
linear, flat, ‘glabrous, soon falling; stam. 11 (or 12); fruit about
it Was? ‘otherwise as in the last.

With A. mucronata, but rather less common. FI. Jan., Feb.; white,
sep. pale green, brown outside.

All Tropical seashores of Asia and Africa.

By common consent this has been accepted as R&. conjugata of
Linnzeus, but it is not the plant of his Fl. Zeyl. n. 181 (see Bruguzera) nor
of his Herbarium. He included the present species under A. Manele,
which principally referred to an American one, to which the name is now
restricted. Rheede’s plate above quoted certainly represents the present
species rather than 2. mucronata, for which it is quoted in Fl. B. Ind.

Though easily distinguished when living, the confusion in books between
the two is very great.

These two Ahzzophoras form, with Bruguzera gymunorhiza, the bulk
of the mangrove forests of the coast. The bark of all is used for tanning”
in Ceylon, and is exported to India in small quantity.

2, CERIOPS, Arn.

Small trees or shrubs, sending down aérial roots as in:
Rhizophora, and with |. and stip. of that genus; cal. deeply
divided, persistent, segm. 5; pet. 5, auaieinels: stam. I0O,.
inserted between the lobes of an annular disk; ov. fully half-.
inferior, 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, style simple, fruit.
as in Rhzzophora, but the radicle of the germinating embryo-
sharply angled.—_Sp. 3; 2 in FZ B. Ind.

Pet. flat, glabrous 5 : A . I. C. CANDOLLEANA.
Pet. concave, ciliate towards apex : ‘ . 2. C. ROXBURGHIANA.

1. ©. Candolleana, Arz. iz Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 364 (1838).
Chirukandal, 7.

Thw. Enum. 120. C. P. 1966.

HB inden 436. aNWichtele. t4210:

A shrub or small tree with numerous opposite branches,,.
twigs marked with scars of |. and stip., young parts glabrous 3.
1, 2-3 in., obovate-oblong, tapering to base, rounded at apex,
glabrous, thick, pale green; fl. small, sessile in clusters of 2.
(or 3) arranged in small lax umbels on stout rather deflexed
glabrous peduncles from axils of upper |. }-4 in. long; cal.
glabrous, seem. oblong, subacute; pet. shorter than cal.-segm.
flat, emarginate, tipped with 2 or 3 minute clavate processes,,.
glabrous; fruit pendulous, under 1 in., cylindrical, tapering,,
rough, reddish-brown; embryo attaining 8-10 in. before:
falling.

Bruguiera.] Lehizophoracee. 153

Mangrove forests on the coast, common; Negombo; Chilaw; Kalpitiya;
Trincomalie. Fl. Sept.; pet. white, sep. green.
Tropical seashores of the Old World.

2. ©. Roxburghiana, Arz. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 363 (1838).

BSB! Ing. 1.436. WKarsten,.l.c: 't./3, f. 1.

Scarcely differs from the last in habit and foliage, but fl. in
a more dense capitate cyme; cal.-segm. subovate, rather
obtusc; pet. concave, setose-ciliate towards apex; stam. often
12; fruit less tapering and embryo shorter.

In the tidal estuary of the Mahawéli River at Kottiyar, 1890 (Karsten).

Also in the Sunderbuns, Andaman Islands, and coast of Burma.

Prof. Karsten informs me that he found this little tree abundantly in

the above locality with the other species. I have seen no specimens.
The two appear very closely allied.

[Kandelia Rheedez, W. and A., is given for Ceylon in FI. B. Ind. on
the faith of a doubtful specimen in Herb. Kew. It is figured in Rheede,
Hort. Malab. vi. t. 35 and in Wight, Ill. i. t. 89, and may possibly
occur ; but I have seen no specimens. |

3. BRUGUIERA, Lam.

Trees or shrubs with habit and 1. of RAzzophora, cal.-tube
connate with ov. below and free above it for some distance,
deeply cut into 8-14 persistent segm.; pet. 8-14, concave,
deeply bilobed, with terminal appendages; stam. 16-28, two
enclosed in each pet.; ov. wholly inferior, 2—3-celled, with 2
ovules in each cell; fruit crowned by the persistent cal.-limb;
radicle of germinating embryo ace or nearly so.—Sp. 8;
5 in Fl. B. Ind.

Fl. solitary ; cal.-segm. 10-14. 5 : . I. B. GYMNORHIZA.
Fl. in threes ; cal.-segm.8 . ; : . 2. B. CARYOPHYLLOIDES.

1. B. gymnorhiza, Lam. Encycl. iv. 696 (1797).

Fl. Zeyl. n. 181. Rhizophora conjugata, L. Sp. Pl. 443. 2. gymno-
rhiza, L., Moon Cat. 36. Thw. Enum. 120 (including &. Rheedzz. Miq.).
CrP. 3611, 3612.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 437. Rheede, Hort. Malab. vi. tt. 31, 32. Wight, Ic. t.
Zag imatsten, lc. t. 2; f, 2;

A tree, young branches smooth, with pale bark and
prominent scars of |. and stip.; 1. 34-5 in., oval, tapering to
base, slightly acuminate, acute, not mucronate, glabrous, rather
thick, bright green, paler beneath, with the midrib very
peomitiertt, petiole 4-1 in.; fl. rather large, solitary, drooping,
peduncle 4 in., curved, from axils of upper 1.; cal, coriaceous,
glabrous, tube striate, segm. 10-14 (usually rt), 4—# in., linear,
very acute, erect; pet. 10-14, very deeply bifid, hairy at the

154 Lehizophoracec. [Carallia.

base, with 2 bristles at the top of each lobe and I in the
notch, stam. 20-28 (usually 22); ov. quite inferior, 3-celled,
style long ; fruit about 1 in., obconical, crowned by the some-
what enlarged cal.-segm., smooth, scarlet ; embryo attaining
Q in. before falling, radicle stout, fusiform, blunt, very slightly
angled.

Mangrove forests; common all round the coast. Fl. December, Jan.;
cal. orange-yellow.

Tropical shores throughout the Old World.

Heart-wood red, very hard and strong, but of small size.

There is no specimen in Hermann’s Herb., but his drawing is unmis-
takably this species, and it is the whole foundation for} Linnzus’s Rhzzo-
phora conjugata, which name has been since always applied to another
plant, R. Candelaria, DC.,to which this bears a strong resemblance in foliage.

An excellent figure of the curious interlacement of the aérial roots of
this species is given by Karsten (I. c. t. 10, f& 121).

2. B. caryophylloides, &/. Exum. Plant. Jav. i. 93 (1830).

Kanilia caryophylloides, B\., Thw. Enum. 120. C. P. 1965.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 438. Rheede, Hort. Malab. vi. t. 33.

A bush or small tree branched from the base; 1. 3-4 in.,
readily disarticulating, lanceolate-oval, tapering below, shortly
acuminate, subacute, glabrous, rather thin, midrib very pro-
minent beneath, petiole #-1 in.; fl. small, on very short ped.,
three together at end of slender peduncle about # in. long
from axils of upper 1.; cal. glabrous, segm. usually 8, linear,
subacute; pet. 8, erect, concave, hairy outside, deeply bifid,
with several long bristly hairs at end of each lobe; stam. 16;
ov. 2-celled ; fruit small, $in., oblong-ovoid, smooth, capped
with reflexed cal-segm. about half its length; embryo
attaining 6 in. before falling, slender, cylindrical. -

Mangrove forests ; rare. Trincomalie (Gardner); Kalpitiya. FI.
July ; white.

Also in S. India and Malaya.

4. CARALLIA,* foxd.

Trees, 1. opp. with large interpetiolar stip., fl. in axillary
cymes; cal.-tube campanulate, connate with ov., segm. 4-8 ;
pet. 4-8, cut or fimbriate; stam. 8-16, inserted (with pet.)
outside a prominent annular crenulated disk; ov. inferior,
4-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, stigma 4-cleft; fruit fleshy,
indehiscent, 1-seeded ; seed globose-reniform, with a cylindrical,
curved, green embryo in axis of copious endosperm.—Sp. 7;
ee iba IHG Ib Mao:

* Carallia, from the Telugu name, Karalli.

Carallia.] Rhizophoracee. 155

Fl. sessile ; pet. 7 0r8 . ‘ : ; : . I. C. INTEGERRIMA.
Fl. stalked ; pet.4 . : ; ‘ : : . 2. C. CALYCINA.

1. GC. integerrima, DC. Prod. ili. 33 (1828). Dawata, S.

C. zeylanica, Arn. Pug. 16. Thw. Enum. 120. C. P. 1963, 1964.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 439. Wight, Ill. t. 90 (C. zeylanica). Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 193.

A rather large tree with erect trunk and wide-spreading
head, bark rather smooth, grey, young parts glabrous; 1. on
very short petioles, 34-43 in., obovate-oval, tapering to base,
rounded or very bluntly acuminate at apex, entire or obscurely
serrulate at top, margin somewhat revolute, glabrous and
somewhat shining on both sides, very dark dull green above,
pale and with obscure glandular dots beneath, rather thick,
veins inconspicuous, stip. large, #in., interpetiolar, enclosing
terminal bud, caducous; fl. small, sessile, few, in small heads,
on stout branches of axillary trichotomous cymes much
shorter than 1.; cal. glabrous, segm. 7 or 8, lanceolate, acute;
pet. small, 7 or 8, clawed, roundish, coarsely undulate-dentate
at margin; stam. twice as many as pet., scarcely longer than
cal.; style stout; fruit small, about 4 in., berry-like, smooth,
red ; seed with thick orange testa, lobulate.

Moist low country ; rather common. FI. Feb.; creamy-white.

Also in India, Burma, Malaya, China, and Trop. Australia.

Heart-wood very hard, pale orange-coloured, tough, shining, with
‘conspicuous medullary rays, not durable. A gum exudes from the fl.-buds
and glues the fl. together in the heads. This tree very obviously shows
its relationship to the mangroves by the large tufts of aérial roots it
sends forth from the trunk and branches: these are admirably seen in
many of the old wild trees in Victoria Park, Colombo.

The leaves show on their under surface a line or fold at some distance
on either side of the midrib precisely similar to those in Erythroxylon
Coca and due to the same cause, the mode of packing in the bud.

2. ©. calycina, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 75 (1859). UWh-
bériya, S. [PLATE XXXVI.]

Thw. Enum. 121. C. P. 3458, 2588.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 439.

A large tree, with thin rough grey bark, |. on very short
petioles, 3-3} in., broadly oval, tapering at base, shortly
acuminate and twisted at apex, entire, glabrous, stiff, bright
green, gland-dotted beneath, lat. veins numerous, parallel,
conspicuous; fl. few, nearly 4 in., on stout ped., in scanty erect
dichotomous axillary cymes half as long as 1., bracts rounded
mucronate, caducous; cal. glabrous, segm. 4, acute, as long as
tube, pet. 4, clawed, incised-fimbriate; stam. 8; fruit about 3 in.,
pyriform, crowned with erect connivent cal.-segm., red,
glabrous.

156 Lhizophoracee. [ Wethea..

Forests in the moist region; rare in the low country, and only re-
corded from the Singhe Rajah Forest ; common in the lower montane.
zone and even extending above 5000 ft. Fl. Jan.—April; white.

Endemic.

The montane form has the leaves more coriaceous, smaller, 3 in.,
and proportionately broader ; but does not deserve to be made a variety.

Wood red, rather heavy, hard but liable to split, medullary rays-
extremely wide, giving a very characteristic appearance. This beautiful
wood is often called ‘ Dawata’ by the carpenters.

5. WEIHEA, Sireng.

A large shrub, |. opp., with interpetiolar stip., fl. axillary ;
cal. free, cut nearly to the base into 5 segm.; pet. 5, Zypogynous,.
much cut; stam. about 30, Zypogynous,; ov. quite superior,
- 3-celled with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell, style long,
persistent, stigma 3-lobed; fruit a fleshy capsule, 3-celled,
ultimately dehiscent septicidally; seeds 4-6, with a small aril,
embryo straight in axis of endosperm.—Sp. 5; 1 in FZ. B. Lud.

The structure of the flower is completely thalamifloral, hence Gardner
and others have referred it to 7z/zacee (Eleocarpee) and Moon to £/@o-

carpus itself (see also Arnott in Ann. Nat. Hist. ili. 23) which its pet. so-
much resemble.

W. zeylanica, Baill. Adans. iii. 38 (1862). Kannu, 7. Pana, S.

Eleocarpus integrifolius, Moon Cat. 42 (non Lam.). <Azstrutheria*
geylanica, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 344. Thw. Enum. 121.
CoP SuLiG:

Fl. B. Ind.i1. 441. Cale. Journ. Nat: Hist. vi. t.4. -Bedd. Flisylve
t. 194.

A large shrub, very much branched from the base, young
parts glabrous; |. 12-3 in. (or more) on short erect curved.
petioles, broadly oval, rounded at base, obtusely acuminate,,
entire, glabrous, shining above, bright apple green, rather
paler beneath, stip. interpetiolar, small, lanceolate, acute,.
ciliate ; fl. # in., on short curved ped., solitary or rarely 2 or 3.
in axils, buds small, globular, completely enclosed for a long
period before expansion in 2 thick, cup-shaped, rounded,
ciliate bracts; cal.-segm. oblong-lanceolate, acute, densely
silky outside, persistent, ultimately deflexed ; pet. with a long
claw, very deeply cut into linear segm., soon falling; fruit.
nearly globose, tipped with long style, at length dehiscent by
3 valves.

Low country, principally in the dry districts, where it is common ;;

* In honour of Philip Anstruther, Colonial Secretary of Ceylon from.
1846 to 1850, a gentleman much interested in Agriculture, Horticulture,
and Botany.

Anisophyllea. Rhizophoracec. 157

rarer in the moist region, e.g. Kalutara; Galle; Kandy. Fl. July-
September ; white.

Also in Southern India.

Specimens of this are in Wight’s Herb. labelled ‘ Ceylon, 1796, Klein,’
‘but there are none in Rottler’s collection at Kew.

A very remarkable plant; the stip. are like those of Rudzacea.

6. ANISOPHYLLEA, 37.

Tree, 1. alt., dimorphic, without stip., fl, small, in supra-
axillary racemes; cal.-tube adnate to ov.,segm. 4; pet. 4,
laciniate ; stam. 8, epigynous; ov. inferior, 4-celled, with a
solitary pendulous ovule in each cell; fruit coriaceous, inde-
hiscent, I-seeded; seed without endosperm, embryo large,
without cotyledons.—Sp. 5; 4in FZ. B. Ind.

A very singular plant; the embryo, as remarked by Thwaites, is

precisely like that of Barringtonza and Careya, along with which genera
he places it.

A. zeylanica, Benth. in Niger Flora, 575 (1849). Wéli-penna,
‘Weli-piyana, S.

Tetracrypta cinnamomoides, Gardn. and Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot. 1.
314, and v. 378.

Thw. Enum. 119. C. P. 2205.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 442. Kew Journ. Bot. v. t.5. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 195.

A moderate-sized tree, with dark brown bark, branches
horizontal or drooping, young twigs pubescent; 1. of two kinds,
normal large and persistent ones, and very small usually
deciduous ones on the younger branches, normal |. on a very
short, broad, flattened petiole, 4-5 in., ovate-oblong, rounded
or tapering to unequal base, caudate-acuminate, obtuse or
subacute, entire, glabrous, strongly 5-nerved from base with
the nerves very prominent beneath, dark green, paler beneath,
the smaller |. alternating with the normal ones, sessile,
4-2 in., lanceolate, acute, green, stipuliform ; fl. small, on short
slender pilose ped., arranged in 2 or 3 very short racemes,
superposed and supra-axillary; cal.-tube pubescent, deeply
8-furrowed, segm. triangular; pet. cuneate, deeply cut into 5
linear laciniz; fruit about 1in., fusiform, crowned with per-
sistent cal.-segm., deeply 8-furrowed, leathery, glabrous.

Moist low country, up to 3000 ft., rather common. Moon’s specimens
are from Kalutara.

Fl. April-October ; greenish-white.

Endemic.

When young the branches are whorled, and spread horizontally. The
larger leaves have much resemblance to Cinnamon, but are often very
unequal-sided. Wood greyish-yellow, rather hard, with very conspicuous

medullary rays and pores, the former connected by transverse bars of
soft tissue.

15 8 Combretacee. [ Terminalia.

LI.—COMBRETACE.

TREES or shrubs, sometimes semi-scandent, |. alt. or opp.,
simple, without stip.; fl. small, regular, bisexual or poly-
gamous or unisexual ; cal.-tube adnate to ov. and prolonged
above it, segm. 4-7 (2 in Gyvocarpus), pet. 4 or 5, or more
usually 0; stam. 8 or 10 (4 in Gyrocarpus), alternating with 4
staminodes), inserted on cal.-limb; ov. inferior, 1-celled, with
2-5 (1 in Gyrocarpus) pendulous ovules; fruit indehiscent,
dry, fleshy or drupe-like; seed solitary, cotyledons large,
plaited or convolute, no endosperm.

Anth. opening by slits

Pet. o.
Fl. in spikes, 5 3 : : : . I. TERMINALIA.
Fl. in globular heads . s 5 : . 2. ANOGEISSUS.
Pet. 4 or 5.
L. alternate. : : ; F . 3. LUMNITZERA.
L. opposite . 4. COMBRETUM.
Anth. opening by recurved valves (Gyrocarpee) . 5. GYROCARPUS.

Eleven species, none extending into the montane zone. Axogetssus
and Gyrocarpus are dry-country trees, Terminalia belerica and T. parut-
Jjiora confined to the moist region, ‘and Lummnitzera an munelecaa of
mangrove swamps.

I. TERMINALIA, Z.

Trees, |. alt. or opp., without stip., fl. polygamous, sessile,
in axillary or terminal paniculate spikes; cal.-tube adnate to
ov., limb free, campanulate, cut into 4 or 5 triangular segm.;
pet. 0; stam. 8 or 10, 5 often longer, inserted on cal.-tube
outside an annular epigynous hairy disk; ov. inferior, I-
celled, with 2 or 3 pendulous ovules; fruit an indehiscent
drupe, flesh hard or fibrous, stone woody or bony; seed
solitary, without endosperm.—Sp. 80; 12 in FZ. B. Ind.

Drupe not angled or winged

Stone of drupe very obscurely angled
L. glabrous, drupe pubescent . T. BELERICA.
L. pubescent, drupe glabrous . 0. CHEBULA.

I
Stone of drupe 5-rayed. , 3. T. PARVIFLORA.
Drupe with 5 broad wings (Pentaptera) 4. IT. GLABRA.

Terminalia. Combretacee. 159

I. T. belerica,* Roxb. P?/. Cor. ii. 54 (1798). Bulu, S. Tanti, 7.

Myrobalanus bellerica, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 90. Moon Cat. 73. Thw.
Enum. 103. C. P. 1605.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 445. Wight, Ill. t.91. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 19.

A large tree, with straight, often buttressed trunk, and
long horizontal branches, bark vertically furrowed, brown,
young parts glabrous; |. alternate, closely placed at ends of
branchlets, 4-6 in., obovate-oval, tapering to base, rounded or
very shortly acuminate at apex, entire, with a pellucid margin,
glabrous and shining on both sides, paler beneath, stiff,
venation finely reticulate, pellucid, main veins prominent
beneath, petiole 14-2 in., cylindrical; fl. small, the male
shortly pedicellate, the bisexual nearly sessile, numerous in
axillary spikes or racemes shorter than l., often crowded at
ends of branchlets without |. so as to form a terminal panicle;
peduncles pubescent, bracts minute, caducous; cal. tomentose
outside, the limb with long crisp hair within; drupe 14-1} in.,
ovoid, often somewhat pyriform, narrowed at base, irregular
on surface, but not at all angled, covered with a fine, close,
brownish-yellow tomentum, stone large, woody, very obscurely
angled, with a large seed-cavity.

Low country, moist and intermediate regions, not common. Kurune-
gala (Gardner). Often planted. Fl. February; pale greenish-yellow,
strongly scented.

Also in India and Malaya.

The Ceylon tree is the variety /aurinotdes, Mig. usually, but it varies
considerably in the form of the leaves. It never possesses the two glands
at the top of the petiole figured and described by Roxburgh.

The fruits are the ‘ Beleric Myrobalans’ of the old pharmacists, and

are much used in native medicine. Wood greyish-yellow, hard but not
durable, moderately heavy.

T. Catappa, L., the Kottamba of the Singhalese and the ‘country
almond’ of the English, is largely planted throughout the low country.
It is native to Malaya, but is grownin most Tropical countries. Hermann
does not seem to have noticed it in Ceylon.

2. T. chebula,* (Retz. Obs. Bot. v. 31 (1789). Aralu, S. Ka-
dukkay, 7.

Moon Cat. 73. Thw. Enum. 103. C. P. 1604.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 246. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 27.

A moderate-sized tree, trunk crooked, with many spreading
branches, bark very thick, grey-brown, young parts pubescent;
l. alt., 3-5 in., broadly oblong-oval, rounded or cordate at
base, very obtuse at apex, pubescent on both sides especially

* The names belerica and chebula are Latinisations of the Arabic
names for these two kinds of myrobalans by which they were first known
in Europe.

160 Combretacece. [ Zerminalia.

when young, thick and rigid; petiole 4—?in., pubescent, with
2 prominent glands at the top just beneath |.; fl. as in the
last, but spikes all terminal, bracts linear, hairy, conspicuous
in bud; cal.-limb glabrous outside, with long hair within;
drupe pendulous, about 1$in., broadly ovoid, glabrous, not at
all angled, yellowish-green, stone oblong, bony, very thick,
obscurely angled, seed cavity very small.

Low country up to 2500 ft., principally in the dry districts, rather rare,
but locally abundant. Jaffna (Gardner); Watagoda (Thwaites); Panwila;
Uva Province, frequent; abundant about Nilgala, where it is gregarious.
Fl. April; greenish-white.

Also in India, Burma, and Malaya.

The fruits are called ‘Ink-nuts’ or ‘Gall-nuts’ by the English, and
are collected for sale to the Moormen by the country people. In Uva
the collection is leased, and the sale in 1892 fetched R. 7500. They are
the ‘Chebulic Myrobalans’ of the old pharmacists, and are here a valued
medicine, both when young and in a mature condition. The flesh is very
rich in tannin. When dried they show five blunt obscure angles. Wood
heavy, very hard, dark brown with a purplish tinge, close-grained, durable.

3. T. parviflora, 7iw. Enum. 103 (1859). Hanpalanda, S.

T. zeylanica, Van Heurck and Mull.-Arg. Obs. Bot. 220. C. P. 618.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 446 (var. of Z. Chebula).

A moderate-sized tree, with smooth, thin, pale brown bark,
young shoots quite glabrous; |. numerous, alt. or sub-opposite,
34-44 in., ovate-oval, rounded or narrowed and often unequal
at base, tapering to acuminate obtuse apex, entire but some-
what undulate, perfectly glabrous on both sides, rather thin,
venation pellucid, petiole 3-2 long, flat above, without glands;
fl. sessile, very small, spikes in terminal and axillary panicles,
very finely pilose, about equalling |., bracts minute, linear,
pubescent; cal. pubescent outside, disk covered with long
hair, segm. 4 (rarely 5), triangular, acute; stam. 8 (rarely 10);
drupe 1-1} in. by ~ wide, oblong-ovoid, blunt, cylindrical,
not at all ribbed, smooth, pale olive green with white dots,
stone bony, with 5 deep wide grooves, and with 5 sharp angles.
so as to be star-shaped in section.

Moist region in forests up to 4000 ft., rather rare. Ramboda (Gardner);
Ambagamuwa; Hantane; Heneratgoda; Karuwita Korale.

Fl. April-June; pale sulphur yellow.

Endemic.

Clarke, in Fl. B. Ind., places this as a variety under 7. chebula; he
cannot have examined adequate specimens.

Heart-wood orange-brown, moderately heavy, close-grained, smooth.

4.7%. glabra, W. & A. Prod. 314 (1834). BKumbuk, 5S.
Marutu, 7.

T. alata, Moon Cat. 73. Thw. Enum. to4. C. P. 1603.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 447 (Z. Avjuna). Beda. FI. Sylv. t. 28 (7. Avjuna) not
good.

Anogeissus.] Combretacee. 161

A very large tree with an extremely thick trunk and
horizontally spreading branches, bark very thick, smooth,
pinkish- or greenish-white, flaking off in large flat pieces,
young twigs finely pubescent ; 1. opp. or sub-opposite, 3-6 in.,
oblong or oval-oblong, rounded at both ends, obscurely apicu-
late, very shallowly serrate-crenate in upper part, glabrous
‘but not shining on both sides, pale dull green, veins pellucid,
petiole very short, 1-3 in., with 2 (or 1) prominent glands at
top immediately beneath 1.; fl. sessile, spikes rather lax, short,
axillary or in small terminal panicles; cal.-limb nearly glabrous
-on both sides, disk with a few long white hairs ; drupe 14-2 in.,
obovate-ovoid, somewhat narrowed at base, bluntly pointed,
glabrous, fibrous-woody, with 5 stiff hard projecting wings
becoming wider upwards, and striated with very numerous
much-curved veins, dark brown.

Banks of streams and rivers in the low country; very common in the
-dry region ; rare in the moist districts. Fl. April, May; greenish-white,
strongly honey-scented.

Also in India.

The name 7. Avjwna, Bedd., seems a quite unnecessary synonym.

Grows to an enormous size in the beds of tanks and rivers in the dry
region, and is, generally speaking, the most noticeable feature of such
scenery. Cordiner recorded specimens at Yala, north of Hambantota,
in 1800 (which is the earliest notice I find of it for Ceylon), with trunks
23% ft. in circumference at 5 ft. from the ground. A well-known one at
Colombo measured, in 1879, 45 ft. in circumference round the base, and
243 ft. at 8 ft. above ground.

The astringent bark is used in medicine. It is remarkable for the
immense amount of lime it contains, and it is largely burnt as a source of
lime for chewing with betel, the copious ash almost entirely consisting
of pure calcium carbonate.

Wood greyish-brown, with bands of darker colour, very hard and
heavy, smooth, strong.

[ 7. tomentosa, W. and A., is recorded for Ceylon in Fl. B. Ind. The
specimen is in Herb. Kew., labelled by Gardner as from ‘ Jaffna, Dyke.’
It was, doubtless, planted there by Mr. Dyke. The species is very doubt-
fully distinct from 7. glabra.]

2, ANOGEISSUS, Wall.

Tree, |. alt. or sub-opp., no stip., fl. small in globular heads;
cal. with a long solid tube or neck extending above ov. and
persistent, limb campanulate with 5 segm.; pet. 0; stam. 10,
inserted on cal.-limb in 2 rows; ov. inferior, compressed,
1-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules; fruit small, indehiscent,
winged, capped by a beak formed of the persistent neck of
cal.; seed solitary, cotyledons convolute.—Sp. 5; 4 in. “7 B.
Ind.

PART II. M

162 Combretacee. [_Lumnitzera..

A. latifolia, Wall. Cat. x. 4014 (1828). Dawu, S. VekkKali, 7.
Conocarpus latifolia, Roxb., Thw. Enum. 103. C. P. 1220.
Fl, B. Ind. ii. 450. Wight, Ic. t. 994. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 15.

A small tree, trunk erect, bark very smooth, whitish-grey,
young parts glabrous; |. alt. or sub-opp., 2-3 in., broadly
oblong-oval or sub-rotundate, rounded or subcordate at base,
obtuse, often apiculate at apex, entire, more or less undulate,.
quite glabrous, pale dull glaucous green, pink when young,
often conduplicate, venation pellucid, midrib prominent be-
neath, pink, petiole very short, channelled above; fi. sessile in
small dense heads on slender slighly pubescent peduncles
scarcely longer than petioles; cal. glabrous, segm. short,
broad ; fruit very small, crowded, in a small globular head,
plane-convex, with a rather broad wing along the edges, and.
beaked with the long persistent upper part of cal.-tube,
brown.

Open grass-lands in the dry country; rare, but locally abundant.
Haragama; Bintenne; Nilgala, gregarious. Fl. Jan. Feb.; pale
greenish-yellow.

Also in Peninsular India.
Heart-wood extremely hard and tough, but small.

3. LUMNITZERA, Willd.

Large shrub, |. alt., fleshy, without stip., fl. small, in axillary
spikes ; cal.-tube produced much beyond ov., with 2 adnate
bracteoles near the base, limb with 5 shallow segm.; pet. 5,
small; stam. 10; ov. inferior, 1-celled, with 2-5 pendulous
ovules ; fruit indehiscent, capped with the persistent cal.-tube
and limb; seed 1, cotyledons convolute.—Sp. 2, both in AZ.
BL. Ind.

&.racemosa, Wlld. in Neue Schrift. Berl.iv.(1803). Bériya, S.
hye Enum s1Osk CaP aTso4
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 452. Rheede, Hort. Mal. vi. t. 37.

A shrub or small tree, with smooth purplish bark, young
parts quite glabrous, buds pointed ; |. sessile, 2-3 in., readily
disarticulating, spathulate-oblong, much tapering to base,
rounded at apex, more or less shallowly crenate in upper
part or entire, quite glabrous, shining, fleshy, veins not visible
except midrib; fl. small, sessile, laxly arranged in short
spikes from the |.-axils; cal.-tube fusiform, quite glabrous,
segm. shallow, obtuse, finely ciliate ; pet. oblong, acute ; fruit
3-# in., oblong-ovoid, compressed, capped by persistent cal.,
glabrous, hard-fleshy, longitudinally striate when dry.

Combretum.] Combretacee. Oz

Mangrove swamps round the coast; rather common. Colombo;
Chilaw; Puttalam; Kalpitiya; Panadure; Kalutara; Jaffna. FI. Feb.;
white.

Shores of the Eastern Tropics generally.

This forms part of the vegetation of tidal swamps, and is reckoned as
amangrove. Turns black in drying. Wood pale reddish-grey, smooth
and shining, rather heavy, very strong and durable, but of small size.

4. COMBRETUM, L.

Semi-scandent or straggling shrubs, |. opp., entire, fl. poly-
gamous, in axillary spikes or racemes; cal.-tube constricted
above ov. and more or less produced beyond it, limb cam-
panulate cup-shaped or funnel-shaped, segm. 4; pet. 4, very
small ; stam. 8, inserted with pet. on cal.-limb; ov. inferior,
narrow and stalk-like, 1—-celled, with 2-5 pendulous ovules ;
fruit dry or fleshy, indehiscent, with 4 prominent wings ; seed
solitary, cotyledons large, plaited.—Sp. 120; 18 in FZ. B. Ind.

Fruit with thick fleshy wings . : ; ; . I. C, ACUMINATUM.
Fruit with thin papery wings
Cal.-limb cup-shaped . 5 : é : . 2. C. OVALIFOLIUM.
Cal.-limb long funnel-shaped : ‘ . 3. C. EXTENSUM.

I. C. acuminatum, foxd. Hort. Beng. 28 (1814).

C. sarcopterum, Thw. Enum. 415. C. P. 3715.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 455.

A low straggling bush, with long branches, not climbing,
young shoots with rough scaly ferrugineous pubescence ;
|. 5-7 in., oval or ovate-oval, rounded at base, more or less
acuminate, sub-obtuse, undulate, glabrous, densely covered
beneath with minute prominent glands, venation prominent
beneath, petiole very short, 4-4 in.; fl. on very short ped.,
racemes spike-like, usually solitary, shorter than 1.; cal.
glabrous, minutely glandular, limb campanulate ; pet. minute,
spathulate ; stam. twice or thrice as long as cal.; fruit nearly
2 in., ovoid-oblong, narrowed at both ends, fleshy, minutely
glandular, brown, wings thick and blunt.

Moist low country; rare. Colombo (Ferguson); Horana, Reigam
a Hiniduma; Kalutara; Heneratgoda. FI. August-October;
E€llow.

: Also in Assam, Burma, Malaya, and the Philippines.

2. C.ovalifolium, ox). Hort. Beng. 28 (1814). Kaduruketiya-
wel, 5S.

C. Wightianum, Thw. Enum. 103 (in part). C. Thwazttestanum, Van
Heurck and Mull. Arg. Obs. Bot. 238. C. P. 1601.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 458. Hook. Bot. Miscell.'iii. t. supp. 22 (C. Hleyneanum).

164 | Combretacee. [Gyrocarpus.

A large straggling or climbing shrub, with numerous
divaricate branches thickened at the nodes, bark smooth
yellowish-grey, young parts glabrous; |. opposite, 3-44 in.,
oval, acute at base, acuminate, obtuse, glabrous on both sides,
petiole % 4-1 in. long; fl. numerous on very short glabrous ped.,
in show, rather dense, pedunculate racemes (often paniculate)
axillary from |. of previous year and 3-6 (occasionally reaching
8) in. long, buds globose, apiculate, bracts minute; cal.-tube
glabrous outside, constricted into a short neck above ov., then
suddenly expanded into a cup-shaped limb, hairy within,
segm. triangular, acute, reflexed ; pet. about as long as cal.-
segm., oblong; fruit 1-14 in., pale shining golden-brown,
wings very large, $ in. in widest part, papery, stiff, glabrous,
finely transversely striate.

Dry country; rather common. Tiripane; Kekirawa; Haragama;

Kurunegala. Fl. July, August; white.
Also in the Indian Peninsula.

3. C. extensum, oxb. Hort. Beng. 28 (1814).

C. Wightianum, Wall., Thw. Enum. 103 ay C. platyphyllum,
Van Heurck and Mull. Arg. Obs. Bot. 242. C. P. 1602.

FI]. B. Ind. ii. 458. Wight, Ic. t. 227 (C. Wightianume).

A straggling semi-scandent shrub with the habit and |. of
the last ; but petioles shorter, under }in.; fl. rather larger but
similarly arranged, buds ovoid, sharp-pointed; cal.-tube much
longer, contracted above ov. and then at once expanding into
a long funnel-shaped limb hairy within, segm. narrowly tri-
angular, acuminate, very acute, reflexed; pet. oblong, truncate ;
fruit (not seen) much as in C. ovalzfolium.

Low country to 3000 ft.; rather rare. On Dambulla Hill, trailing over
bare rock; Hantane (Gardner). Fl. May; yellowish white.
Also in India and Malaya.

Thwaites combined 2 and 3, but they are, though much alike, readily
distinguished by the calyx.

5. GYROCARPUS, /acg.

A tree, |. alt., clustered at ends of branches, no stip., fl.
very small, unisexual and moncecious or polygamous, in large
bractless cymes; male fl.:—cal. with 4-7 irregular segm., pet. 0,
stam. usually 4, alternating with 4 small fleshy staminodes,
_anth. opening upwards by 2 valves; fem. or bisexual fl.:—
cal.-tube adnate to ov., segm. 2, persistent and greatly enlarged
in fruit, pet. 0, ov. inferior, 1-celled with a single pendulous
ovule, style short, stigma capitate; fruit drupe-like, crowned

Myrtacee. 165

with the long wing-like persistent cal.-segm., stone bony ;
seed with large convolute cotyledons.
Placed by Thwaites at end of Lauracee, to which its stamens are so

remarkably similar. The fruit is constantly mistaken for that of a
Dipterocarp.

- pasacaria Roxb. Cor. Pi. 1.,1. (1795). Hima, S. Tanak-
u, 7.
@ astaticus, Willd., Moon Cat. 73; Thw. Enum. 258. C. P. 2202.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 461 (not given for Ceylon). Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 196.

A moderate-sized or large tree, with an erect trunk and
rather small spreading head, bark smooth, shining, greenish-
white, young branches stout, marked with leaf-scars, young
parts densely pubescent; 1. alt. rather crowded, spreading,
4-6 in. and nearly as wide, very broadly ovoid or somewhat
rhomboid, tapering to base, acuminate, acute, glabrous above,
densely soft-pubescent with stellate hair beneath, strongly
3-veined from base, petiole very long, 2-5 in., slender; fl. small,
the male very numerous, the female few, all on slender ped.
arranged in globular clusters in large much-branched cymes
on long pubescent peduncles, several of which arise from the
ends of the twigs above the new 1.; cal. densely hairy-
pubescent ; fruit (without the wings) about 2 in., ovate-ovoid,
furrowed in upper part, wrinkled below, pubescent, wings
24-3} in. long, linear-spathulate, obtuse, thinly leathery,
striate, pubescent, greyish-brown, stone ovoid, bony, furrowed.

Dry and intermediate country; rather common. Moon’s locality is
Kattregam. FI]. Feb., March, April; cream-coloured.

Throughout the Tropics, G. americanus, Jacq., not being distinguish-
able.

The tree is quite bare of leaves for a short time. Wood very light,
soft, greyish white; much used in the north of the island for catamarans
(rafts) and the outriggers of boats. Lac is found on this in the Uva
country.

LII.—MYRTACE/E.

TREES or shrubs, |. opp. or alt., simple, without or with very
minute stip., fl. regular, bisexual ; cal.-tube adnate to ov. and
rarely produced beyond it, segm. 4 or 5 (rarely 2 or 3), usually
persistent in fruit; pet. 4 or 5 (very rarely more), distinct, o1
slightly connate at base or united into a deciduous cap; stam
indef., epigynous, distinct or connate below; ov. inferior, 2-4-
celled, with many ovules in each cell, style simple; fruit

166 Myrtacee. [Rhodomyrtus.

indehiscent, berry-like, pulpy or hard, with 1, few, or numerous
seeds; seed without endosperm, embryo with small cotyledons,
or quite without them (macropodous).

L. opposite ; stam. distinct.

Ovary 3-celled; 1.3-nerved .. 1. RHODOMYRTUS.

Ovary 2-celled ; |. with an intramarginal vein . 2. EUGENIA.

L. alternate ; stam. connate below (Barrzngtoniec).
Seed solitary . ; : : : ‘ : . 3. BARRINGTONIA.
Seeds numerous . j : : c 2 4s \CARTEYAS

Our species are mainly inhabitants of the moist region and the hills.
Rhodomyrtus and 15 species of Augenza are confined to the montane
region, and 22 species of Eugenza and 3 of Barringtonia to the moist low
country, Carveya extends up from the one into the other. Only 4 species
of Eugenia are found in the dry region, 1 only, &. bracteata, being con-
fined to it, as is also Barringtonia acutangula.

Eucalyptus. A considerable number of species of this large
Australian genus have been introduced into the hill-country and much
planted on estates for fuel and shelter. The species most frequently
met with are £. Globulus (Blue Gum), £. diversicolor (Karri), &. Leu-
coxylon (Iron Bark), £. robusta (Swamp Mahogany), £. marginata
(Jarrah) ; but there are many others.

I. RHODOMYRTUS, DC.

Large shrub, |. opp. 3-nerved, fl. axillary ; cal.tube tur-
binate, adnate to ov., and not produced beyond it, segm. 5,
persistent ; pet. 5, spreading, stam. indef., distinct ; ov. inferior,
3-celled, with numerous ovules in each ceil superposed in a
double row, style simple, stigma capitate; fruit a berry, 3-
celled, with numerous horizontal seeds; seed compressed,
embryo curved with a long radicle and small cotyledons, no
endosperm.—Sp. 5: 1 in FZ. B. Ind.

R. tomentosa, Wight, Spicil. Nezlgh. i. 60 (1846).

Myrtus tomentosa, Ait., Moon Cat. 39; Thw. Enum.114. C.P. 1591.

HB nd ne46e. SWaeht. | entazi-

A large shrub or small, very much-branched tree, bark
yellowish, vertically fissured, exfoliating, young branches
finely tomentose; 1. 2-24 in., oval or oblong-oval, acute at
base, obtuse or acute at apex, glabrous (when mature) above,
densely covered with fine grey or yellowish tomentum beneath,
stiff (very rigid when old), strongly 3-nerved (besides the
marginal one), margin slightly recurved, petiole 4-3 in.; fl.
on stout pubescent ped., about I in. diam., solitary or 3 in a
peduncled cyme, with 2 small linear bracts beneath each ;
cal. densely tomentose, segm. rotundate, spreading; pet.

Eugenia.) Myrtacee. 167

broadly obovate, tomentose on the back, spreading or re-
flexed ; fruit nearly globular, capped with cal.-segm., tomen-
tose, soft, 3-celled, with a double row of seeds in each cell;
seed triangular-reniform.

Upper montane zone; common. FI. April—July; pet. white, tinged
outside with purplish-pink, fil. flesh-coloured, darker at base.

Also in S. India, Malaya, and China.

The fruit is edible and pleasant. I have heard it called ‘wild guava’
by the English at Nuwara Eliya; in the Nilgiris it goes by the name of
“ Hill Gooseberry.’ Moon gives the S. name ‘ Sudu-kotala ;’ his locality
is Uva.

At Malacca I found this abundantly on the sandy seashore, but in
Ceylon it is entirely a montane plant.

Psidium Guyava, L. The Guava must have very quickly become
naturalised here. There are specimens in Hermann’s Herbarium, and he
expressly states (Mus. 3) that it was brought by the Portuguese. There
is no true Singhalese name, ‘ Péra,’ the name usually employed, being
Portuguese for Pear. P. pumilum, Vahl, Symb. ii. 56, is based on
Ceylon specimens collected by Koenig. The Guava is native in Mexico,
and perhaps other parts of Trop. America, but has now all the look of a
wild plant in Ceylon.

2. EUGENTA,* Z.

Trees or shrubs, |. opp., entire, with a more or less con-
spicuous marginal vein, usually gland-dotted, without stip.,
fl. in terminal or axillary paniculate cymes or solitary in axils
of 1. or scales below the 1. often on suppressed branchlets,
thus appearing to be fasciculate or racemose; cal.-tube from
cup-shaped to tubular, adnate to ov. and sometimes produced
beyond it, segm. 4 (rarely 5); pet. 4 (rarely 5 or more), either
distinct and spreading or connate into a cap (calyptrate)
which falls off on expansion of fl.; stam. indef., usually quite
distinct, in many rows, anth. small, versatile; ov. inferior,
2-celled with several ovules in each cell, style simple; fruit
usually a juicy berry, rarely dry, globular or ovoid, crowned
with persistent cal.-limb or segm.; seeds I or very few,
embryo with thick often connate cotyledons, no endosperm.—
Sp. about 700; 131 in FZ. B. Jnd.

Our largest genus (except Cyperus), forming a main constituent of the
forest of the moist and montane regions, to which the brilliant pink,

orange or crimson tints of the young foliage are a great ornament. No
less than 29 of our species are endemic.

* Given by Micheli in 1728, in honour of the illustrious Prince Eugene
of Savoy, to the plant now called £. Micheliz, Lam.

168 Myrtacee. [ Zugenia,.

Though the species are not difficult to recognise, the differences are
hard to describe in few words, and the following clavis needs checking by”
the fuller descriptions.
rl. in cymes.

Pet. large, distinct ; cal. with large staminal
disk ; fruit over 2 in. ( /ambosa).
Cal.-tube funnel-shaped or turbinate.

Lat. veins of 1. few, distant 1, E. AQUEA.

Lat. veins of |. numerous, close 2, E. GRANDIS.
Cal.-tube hemispherical 3. E. HEMISPHARICA..
Cal.-tube cylindric, long 4. E. CYLINDRICA.

Pet. small, usually combined and falling ‘off as

a cap (calyptrate) (exc. 12, 13, and 22) ;

no staminal disk; fruit "under Sine

(Syzygium).

Cymes terminal or in axils of present 1.

Cal.-tube long, funnel-shaped.

Fruit globose, white ‘ 5. E. SPICATA.
Fruit ovoid- turbinate, tapering to base 6, E. LANCEOLATA.

Fruit ovoid-urceolate, crowned with
long cal.-limb . : 7. E. FERGUSONI.
Cal.-tube short, cup-shaped or turbinate.
L. oval or lanceolate.
Branchlets quadrangular.

L. over 2 1n., acuminate : . 8. E. LISSOPHYLLA.
L. under 2 in., rounded : . g. E. SUBAVENIS.
Branchlets cylindrical, often com-
pressed.
L. petiolate.
Cal. truncate.
Tree, |. oval . 2 ¢ . Io. E. GARDNERI.
Bush, |. obovate-oval . . 11, E. CORYMBOSA.
Cal.-segm. obvious.
Pet usually distinct.
L. not revolute, fl. on ped. 12. E. MICRANTHA.
L. revolute, fl. sessile. . 13. E, REVOLUTA.
Ree calyptrate.
Fl. small, ¢ in. diam. . 14. E. SYLVESTRIS.
Fl. large, 3 ‘in. diam. . . 15. E. ASSIMILIS.
L. sessile.
L. very broadly oval é . 16. E. CORDIFOLIA.
L. lanceolate-oblong : . 17. E. NEESIANA.
L. rotundate.
L. over 2 in., branchlets cylindrical 18. E. CYCLOPHYLLA..
L. under 1 in., branchlets quad-
rangular. ,
L. petiolate . : : : . I9. E. ROTUNDIFOLIA..
La sessile 2 ° ; : . 20. E. SCLEROPHYLLA..
L. obovate (see also 11); fl. few,
sessile, capitate . : : . 21. E. OLIGANTHA.
L. spathulate; fl. in cymes, pedi-
cellate . ; : ; . 22. BE. OLIVIFOLIA.
Cymes in axils of fallen leaves.
Lat. veins few : : . 23. E. OPERCULATA..
Lat. veins very numerous é . 24. E, JAMBOLANA.

Eugenia.] Myrtacee. 169

Fl. solitary or in fascicles ; pet. distinct (see
also 21 and 22).
Young parts pubescent (very minutely so
in 33).
Fl. pedunculate.
Fl. over I in. diam.

L. rotundate, revolute . ; S25 UCIDA:
L. oblong-ovate, cordate 26. E. HACKELIANA.
Fl. under 1 in. diam.
L. oval or lanceolate, over 2 in.
Fruit over 4 in. diam.
Peduncles short; 1. over 3 in.
Fruit over #1 in. . 27. E. TERPNOPHYLLA.
Fruit 3 in. , orange- -yellow . 28. E. XANTHOCARPA.
Peduncles long ; l.under 3in, 29. E. BRACTEATA.
Fruit + in. diam. . 30. E. RUFOFULVA.
IL linear- lanceolate, under bine =. 31. E. PHILLYRAOIDES..
Fl. sessile or nearly so.
F]. about 1 in. diam.
L. lanceolate-oblong . : . 32. E. FLOCCIFERA.
L. oval or ovate-oval 33. E. RIVULORUM.
F]. under # in. diam. ;
L. under 5 in. : : : Sestily 1d TNOIENH NG
L. over 6 in. 35. E. INSIGNIS.
Young parts glabrous or nearly 50.
Fl. sessile.
L. 4-5 in. : ; : 5 . 36.. E. DECORA.
L, 1-3 in. 7 : : ; . 37. E. ROTUNDATA
Fl. pedunculate.
Peduncles under } in.
L. nearly sessile, oval-spathulate . 38. E. MABAOIDES.
L. distinctly petiolate, rotundate . 39. E. APRICA.

Peduncles over + in.
sessile . : : : . 40, E. AMGENA.
L. petiolate.
L. under 3 in.

Peduncles over}in. . . 41. E. PEDUNCULATA.
Peduncles under } in. . . 42, E. MOONIANA.
L. over 3 in: ; ; ee SAS EL WALCE SIU,

1. BE. aquea, Lurm. Fil. Ind. 114 (1768). Wal-jambu, S.

Herm. Mus. 67. Burm. Thes. 125. £&. sylvestris, Moon Cat. 38 (non
Wight). /ambosa aquea, DC., Thw. Enum. 115. C. P. 418.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 473. Wight, Ic. tt. 216, 550.

A small or middle-sized tree with smooth grey bark,
much branched, twigs slightly quadrangular, glabrous; 1.
very shortly stalked or nearly sessile, variable, 2-8 in., oval
or oblong-oval, usually rounded or subcordate at base, obtuse
or rounded at apex, coriaceous, shining, glands minute, black,
lat. veins distant, rather prominent beneath; cymes 3-I0-
flowered, on short, stout, quadrangular peduncles, terminal
and from upper axils, ped. shorter than cal.-tube; cal.-tube |
tubular-funnel-shaped, somewhat variable in length and

170 Myrtacee. [Zugenia.

breadth, segm. large, usually broader than long, with mem-
branous margins, spreading; pet. large, roundish, spreading ;
fruit #-1 in., globose, crowned with prolonged neck-like cal.-
limb and segm.

Moist region, especially between 2000 and 5000 ft.; common; often
planted. Fl. March—May; white or purplish rose-coloured.

Also in East Bengal and Burma.

At the higher elevations this puts on a very different appearance,
with smaller (13-3 in.) more oblong and more coriaceous leaves ; but it is
connected with the type by intermediate forms.

There is a cultivated spreading tree, very handsome in May when
covered with its copious brilliant deep rose-coloured flowers, which
must, I suppose, be referred to this species. But I have not seen it wild,
and its origin is doubtful. It bears a large urceolate pale-green fruit
crowned with the spreading cal.-segm.

E. malaccensis, L., the Malay apple, is cultivated under several
varieties, as is also Z. /ambos, L., the Jambu or rose-apple. Both are
Malayan species, early introduced here, and both noticed by Hermann.
The former, with large rose-red flowers and red pear-shaped fruits, is well
figured in Wight, Ill. t. 98; the latter, with white flowers and narrow
leaves, in Wight, Ic. t. 435. These fruits are pleasantly subacid and
refreshing.

2. BE. grandis, Wight, /1/. ii. 17 (1850).

e ee jfirmum, Thw. Enum. 417 (S. montanum, Thw. Enum. 116).

Fl. B ind. u. 476. Wight, Ic. t. 614.

A large tree, bark smooth, whitish, shoots glabrous, 1.
large, 4-8 in., obovate-oval, tapering to base, rounded often
retuse or very abruptly acuminate at apex, margin revolute,
very coriaceous, thick and shining, lat. veins numerous, close,
parallel, petiole about 4 in., very stout ; cymes terminal and
axillary, large, about as long as 1. fl. almost sessile, in 35;
cal.-tube nearly 4 in., turbinate, attenuate below, segm.
rounded, 2 larger than others ; pet. rounded ; fruit not seen,
‘globose or somewhat pyriform, 1-14 in., crowned with the
large cup-like cal.-limb.’

Montane zone at about 4000 ft.; very rare. Ambagamuwa District.
Fl. Sept.; white.

Also in Burma, Malay Pen., and Borneo.

Our plant differs slightly from this common Malayan species in its

longer and laxer panicles, with fewer and larger fl., and its more obovate
leaves.

3. &. hemispherica, W777i, J//. ii. 14 (1850).

Strongylocalyx hemisphericus, Bl, Thw. Enum. 116. C. P. 2450,
3438, 2540.

BBS sid i477 NV etamlient 525. bedd bi Sylvaitzoge

A medium-sized tree, with smooth, yellowish-grey bark,
young twigs sub-tetragonal ; 1. 34-5 in., lanceolate, tapering

Eugenia.) Myrtacee. iG

to base, caudate-acuminate, subacute, stiff, smooth and shin-
ing, petiole about 4 in., slender ; cymes terminal and axillary,
shorter than l., fl. large, 1} in., ped. long, articulated below f1.,
‘buds large, broad; cal. tube short, 4-3 in., hemispherical,
segm. large, rounded, white, with membranous margins,
‘spreading ; pet. large, ‘rounded, very concave, reflexed ; fruit
globose, #-1 in., green, crowned with cal.-segm.

Moist region up to 6000 ft., chiefly in the lower montane zone; rather
rare. Deltota; Ambagamuwa; Kukul Korale; between Haputale and
Galagama, abundant. Fl. Feb._May; cream- coloured, sweet-scented.

Also in Southern India.

An ornamental plant when in flower. The fruit resembles a small

apple. C. P. 2540is a form from Elk Plains (over 6000 ft.), with 1. only
13-23 in. long, and small fl.

4. E. cylindrica, Wight, ///. ii. 14 (1850).
Jambosa cylindrica, Thw. Enum. 115. C. P. 601.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 479. Wight, Ic. t. 527. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 201.

A medium-sized tree, with smooth, yellowish-grey bark,
twigs cylindrical ; 1. 34-54 in., narrowly lanceolate, tapering
to base, caudate-acuminate, subacute, pale beneath with
prominent venation, lat. veins very few, uniting with the
marginal vein at a considerable distance from the edge,
petiole 4 in., stout; cymes terminal and from upper axils,
shorter than 1., peduncles long, slender, compressed-quadran-
gular, ped. divaricate, slender; cal.-tube 4-3 in., slender,
cylindrical, tapering to base, slightly narrowed at summit,
limb expanded cup-shaped, segm. pounds i triangular, sub-
acute ; pet. large, concave; fruit about # in., nearly clobose,
crowned by the short neck- ‘like cal.-tube aa reflexed segm.

Moist low country to 3000 ft.; rather rare. Ambagamuwa District ;
Hantane; Kalawane; Kukul Korale. Fl. Feb., March; pinkish-white.

Endemic.

A beautiful species, easily distinguished when in flower by the long
slender, white calyx-tube; the buds look like large white cloves. When
not in flower the peculiar venation of the leaves is characteristic.

5. EB. spicata, Lam. Encycl. Meth, iii. 201 (1789). Maran,
Maranda, 5S. Marungi, 7:

Herm. Mus. 9. Burm. Thes. 166. FI. Zeyl.n. 182. Myrtus zeylanica,
L. Sp. Pl. 472; Moon Cat. 39. £. zeylanica, Wight, Ill. 11.15. Acmena
zeylanica, Thw. Enum. 118. C. P. 56, 380.

Fl, B. Ind. ii. 485 (£. zeylanica). Wight, Ic. t. 73. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t.
202

A large shrub or tree, with smooth or furrowed pale
prow bark, and slender, shining, purplish twigs; 1. variable,
14-44 in., from ovate-oval to lanceolate- linear, usually
caudate-acuminate, obtuse, margin slightly revolute, smooth

172 Myrtacee. [Eugenia.

and shining on both sides, lat. veins numerous but incon-
spicuous, petiole about }in.; cymes axillary and terminal,
shorter than 1. fl. small, numerous, rather crowded, ped. very
short, glandular ; cal.-tube under } in., funnel-shaped, densely
glandular, segm. rotundate, obtuse or subacute, erect ; pet.
Salpemncey calyptrate; fruit globose or nearly so, a little
under }in., pure white.

Dry a eerie country up to 2000 ft. or higher; very common.
Fl. March and April; white.

Also in S. India and Malaya.

The pure white berries are ornamental and conspicuous. The leaves.
are very fragrant; they vary much; the narrow-leaved form is the com-
monest in the dry districts. C. P. 380, from Palagama, has small thick
leaves and larger flowers.

Wood brown, heavy, liable to split.

6. E. lanceolata, Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. 200 (1789).

Wight, Ill. ii. 15. <Acmena lanceolata, Thw. Enum. 119. C. P. 2863.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 285 (Z. Wightiana). Wieht, Ic. tt. 529 (Z. Wightiana):
and 530.

A rather small tree with grey bark and slender cylindrical
twigs; |. 34-5 in., broadly or narrowly lanceolate, tapering
below, acuminate-caudate, acute, glabrous, lat. veins very fine,
numerous, faintly marked, midrib impressed above, petiole
4 in. or less; cymes short, usually few-fld., axillary often
from axils of fallen 1., fl. nearly sessile, articulated ; cal.-tube
3-3 in., tubular-funnel-shaped, tapering below, segm. 4 or 5,
very shallow, rounded ; pet. numerous, sometimes as many as.
12, but usually calyptrate; style long, persistent ; fruit about
7 in., erect, ovoid-turbinate, tapering to long base, capped
with spreading cal.-segm. and long erect style, vertically
striate.

Low country to 2000 ft. in the moist and intermediate regions,
especially by streams; rather rare. Near Matara; Pasdun Korale;,
Singhe Rajah Forest; Ambagamuwa; Kurunegala. FI. March; white.

Also in South India.

I think there are two plants confounded here, as I have collected in
the Pasdun Korale specimens with thicker, broader, nearly sessile leaves,
with more marked venation and with a shorter calyx; but I cannot fit our
plants to £. lanceolata and £. Wightiana as separate species.

7. &. Fergusoni, 77772.

A bush or small much-branched tree, bark reddish-grey,.
twigs stout, quadrangular, thickened at the nodes, orange-
coloured, ieaf-scars prominent ; |. 14-3 in., crowded, very nearly
sessile, ovate-oval, acute or obtuse at apex, rounded or subcor--
date at base, margin generally slightly curved, thinly coriaceous,
stiff, lat. veins numerous, faintly marked beneath; fl. large,

Eugenia.| Myrtacee. 17%

sessile, cymes strictly terminal, with very short branches, so
as to be corymbose or umbellate; cal. (when in fl.) very long,
3-14 in., tubular-funnel-shaped, gradually tapering to slender
stalk-like base, mouth 3in. diam., almost truncate, with
shallow rounded segm.; pet. calyptrate (or sometimes expand-
ing), large, reddish outside ; fruit broadly ovoid, about ? in.,
somewhat urceolate, crowned with rather long cal.-limb.

Var. 8 minor, 7rim. Syzygium calophylifolium, Thw. Enum. 118
{non £. calophylizjolia, Wight). C. P. 160.

L. much smaller, not exceeding 1 in., very shortly stalked,
fruit about 4in., nearly globular, purple.

Upper montane zone; in open sunny places. The type only in the
North-eastern mountain block, Wattekelle (Ferguson), Knuckles Hills
and Rangala Ridge. Var. 8, Adam’s Peak (Gardner and Thwaites). FI.
April; pinkish-white.

Endemic.

Var. 8 seems to differ altogether from £. calophylizfolia (to which
it is still referred in Fl. B. Ind.) in its leaf-venation as well as its

remarkably long calyx. The C. P. specimens are in fruit only, and I
have not seen the flowers.

8. E. lissophylla, Duth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 488 (1878). Maha-
kuretiya, 5S.

Syzygium lissophyllum, Thw. Enum. 117. C. P. 2452.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 488.

A moderate-sized tree, with thin, rather smooth pale-
brown bark, young twigs quadrangular; 1. 2-3 in., oval,
tapering to base, caudate-acuminate, obtuse, glabrous and
shining above, paler beneath, lat. veins very fine and nume-
rous ; fl. sessile or nearly so, in 3s at ends of quadrangular
branches of terminal, and axillary cymes generally exceeding
].; cal. shortly campanulate, segm. short, rounded ; pet.
calyptrate; fruit globose (not seen ripe).

Forests in the lower montane zone; rathercommon. FI. April, May ;
pinkish-white.

Also in the hills of Southern India.

Wood rather heavy, hard, yellow.

9g. &. subavenis, Duh. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 489 (1878).

Syzygium umbrosum, Thw. Enum. 118 (non Berg). C. P. 2539.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 489.

A moderate-sized much-branched tree with brownish-grey
bark, young twigs quadrangular, smooth, purple; |. small,
14-17 in., broadly obovate-oval or oval, tapering to base,
obtuse or rounded and often emarginate at apex, usually
revolute at margin, thick, lat. veins numerous, fine, incon-
spicuous, fl. as in Z. “ssophylla,; fruit 3 in. diam., nearly
globose.

174 Myrtaceae. [Eugenia

Forests of the montane zone, 4000 to 6000 ft.; rather common. FI..
April; white, calyx crimson.

Endemic.

The up- country carpenters call the wood of this tree ‘ Weli-damba,’ or
‘Hin-damba.’ It is softer and more open than that of most species.

Io. B. Gardneri, Duth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 489 (1878). Dambu,* 5..
Nir-naval, 7.

Syzygium Gardnert, Thw. Enum. 117. C. P. 2946.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 489.

A moderate-sized or large tree, with smooth pale-grey
bark, much branched, young twigs cylindrical, often some-
what compressed ; |. 3-34 in., oval or broadly oval, acute at
base, caudate-acuminate, obtuse, smooth and shining, rather
thin, bright apple-green, lat. veins very Mumeroms, fine, con-
spicuous, pellucid, petiole 21 in.; fl. small, numerous,
sessile, cymes copious, axillary and terminal, shorter etal L i
cal. campanulate, truncate with obscure segm.; fruit 3-4 in.,
nearly globular and without any crown of cal.-segm.

Moist region between 2000 and 4ooo ft.; common.~ FI. July-Sept.;.
white.

Also in Southern India.

Wood rather hard and heavy, smooth, greyish-yellow.

11. &. corymbosa, Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. 199 (1789). Dan,
Hin-dan, S:

Herm. Mus. 3,14. Burm. Thes. 57. FI. Zeyl.n. 183. yrtus cary-
ophyllata, LL. Sp. Pl. 472. Calyptranthes caryophyllata, Pers., Moon Cat..
38. Vays zum caryophylleum, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 166; Thw. Enum. <n
CoE bos:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 490 (Z. caryophyllea). Wight, Ic. t. 540 (Id).

A bush or shrubby tree, with smooth grey bark, young
twigs slightly compressed, scurfy, orange-brown ; |. 24-34 in.,
obovate-oval, acute at base, rounded, obtuse or very shortly
and bluntly acuminate, glabrous, shining and bright apple-
green above, rather pale beneath, lat. veins numerous, fine
but rather conspicuous beneath, petiole 4 in.; fl. small,
numerous, nearly sessile, cymes terminal, corymbose, tricho-
tomous, buds ovoid- clobose ; cal. campanulate, STRESS
seem. scarcely perceptible ; pet. calyptrate; fruit about @ in.,
depressed-globose, inky-purple or nearly black, shining, j juicy.

Low country in both moist and dry regions ; very common, especially
in open sandy places. Fl. Feb.-May ; white.

Also in Southern India and Borneo.

The small black fruit is edible.

* The name Dambu or Damba is applied to many other species of
Eugenia.

Eugenia. | Myrtacee. 175,

12. E. micrantha, Duth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 483 (1878).

Syzygium micranthum, Thw. Enum. 117. C. P. 1580.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 483.

A moderate-sized tree with smooth, greyish-brown bark,.
branchlets slender, cylindrical; 1. crowded, 2-3 in. or rather
more, broadly oval, abruptly narrowed to base, conspicuously
caudate-acuminate, obtuse at apex, margin often revolute,
quite glabrous, lat. veins numerous, rather close, straight,
petiole +4 in., slender; fl. very small, on short ped., cymes
numerous, axillary, shorter than 1.; cal.-tube short, broadly
turbinate, segm. distant, very short, acute; pet. very small;
fruit very small, under 4 in., globose, capped by cal.-segm.,
pale purple.

Forests in lower montane zone; common. FI. Feb., March, and’

October ; greenish-white.
Endemic.

13. BE. revoluta, Wight, ///. ii. 17 (1850).

Syzygium revolutum, Thw. Enum. 117. C. P. 2521.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 492. Wight, Ic. t. 534.

A moderate-sized tree with pale brown, finely cracked,
bark, twigs somewhat compressed ; |. 14-4 in., more or less
obovate-oval, tapering to base, obtuse, rounded, often emar-
ginate at apex, more or less revolute at margin, thick, stiffly
coriaceous, shining above, usually glaucous beneath, lat. veins
prominent especially beneath, petiole very short; fl. sessile
in clusters of 3 or more, cymes numerous, pedunculate,
axillary and terminal, shorter than |, sometimes from the
old wood, cal.-segm. short, pet. usually distinct, small; fruit
about 3} in., globose, fleshy, dark purplish-red.

Forests of the montane zone up to 7000 ft.; common. FI. Feb.,
March, and September ; pinkish-white.

Also in the Nilgiris.

At the higher elevations this has smaller leaves, 1-14 in. long only.

The wood-cutters at Nuwara Eliya call this ‘ Karon-damba,’ the wood
is very hard and strong, but liable to split.

14. BE. sylvestris, Wight, ///. ii. 15 (1850) non Moon. Alubo, 5S.

Calyptranthes Jambolana, Moon Cat. 39. Syzygtum sylvestre, Thw.
Enum. 116. C. P. 2862.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 493. Wight, Ic. t. 532.

A large tree with smooth yellowish-grey bark, twigs
cylindrical; 1. 34-5 in., oblong-oval, tapering to base, shortly
acuminate, obtuse and generally twisted at apex, margin
slightly recurved, coriaceous, lat. veins numerous, fine, rather
prominent, petiole }—4 in., fl. sessile, small, in dense clusters,
cymes nearly all terminal, on long peduncles, crowded ; pet.
calyptrate ; fruit about } in., globose, purplish-black.

176 Myrtacee. [Zugenia.

Moist and intermediate low country to 3000 ft.; rather common. FI.
April-June ; white.

Endemic.

Wight gave Moon’s name sy/vestrzs to this in error ; Moon’s plant is
£. aquea, as Wight’s description ‘copied from Moon’s notes’ shows ;
but Wight’s figure represents the present species, and there is thus no
need to alter the accepted nomenclature.

Wood reddish-grey, smooth, durable.

15. B. assimilis, Duh. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 493 (1878).
Sysygtum asstmile, Thw. Enum. 116. C. P. 46, 2449.
Fl. B. Ind. 11. 493.

A moderate-sized tree, twigs stout, sometimes subquad-
rangular; 1. variable, 13-5 in., oval or broadly oval or
obovate-oval, tapering to base, more or less acuminate,
obtuse and often twisted at apex, margin often revolute,
stiffly coriaceous, lat. veins numerous, rather conspicuous,
petiole +-4 in. stout; fl. rather large, 4 in., sessile, cymes on
stout peduncles, crowded, mostly terminal; cal.-tube cup-
shaped ; pet. usually calyptrate ; fruit $—2 in., globose, green,
capped with large cal.-segm.

Moist region, from low country up to 6000 ft.; common. FI. March,
April ; cream-coloured.

Endemic.

Distinguished from £. sylvestrzs by its much larger flowers and more
prominent lateral leaf-veins.

Very variable in size and shape of leaf, and possibly more than one
species are included under the name. C. P. 2449 (from Hunasgiriya) has
almost rotund |., and in specimens from Dimbula they are narrowly
oblong-lanceolate. This is the tree to which the name ‘Damba’ seems
most usually applied by wood-cutters in the hill districts ; the wood is
much used.

16. &. cordifolia, Wight, 7/7. ii. 16 (1850).

Herm. Mus. 24. Fl. Zeyl.n. 184. Myrtus androsemoides, L. Sp. Pl.
472. Calyptranthes cordifolia, Moon Cat. 39. Syzygium cordifolium,
‘Thw. Enum. 116. &. androsemoides, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 107.
C4 12, ihe), ACD,

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 491. Wight, Ic. t. 544.

A moderate-sized tree, twigs very stout, cylindrical,
glabrous; |. very large, 4-8 in., sessile, very broadly oval,
cordate and somewhat amplexicaul at base, rounded or very
shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, often much re-
volute at margin, thick and leathery, shining above, mid-
rib depressed above, very prominent beneath, lat. veins
numerous, conspicuous; fl. nearly sessile, rather large, few,
cymes terminal and axillary, usually much shorter than 1|.;
cal.-tube shortly turbinate, much expanded at mouth, thick,
segm. broadly triangular, obtuse; pet calyptrate ; fruit large,

Eugenia. Myrtacee. yp

2in., globular, crowned with the broad neck-like cal.-tube
and spreading segm.

Moist region, extending from the low country up to 4ooo ft. or more ;
rather rare. Kalutara (Moon); Colombo (Ferguson) ; Ambagamuwa ;
Adam’s Peak ; Ratnapura; Pasdun Korale. Fl. March-June ; white.

Endemic.

A very distinct species, certainly AZyrtus androsemoides of Linnzus.
The plants from Pasdun Korale and (C. P. 2622) Adam’s Peak have
longer and more pointed leaves than the type, and smaller flowers.

Moon gives the native name ‘ Panu-keera,’ which really applies to
£. Neesiana ; Hermann gives no native name.

17. E. Neesiana, Wig/t, ///. ii. 15 (1850). Panukéra, 5S.
Syzygium Neestanum, Arn. Pug. 17; Thw. Enum. 117. C. P. 735,

4013.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 493. Wight, Ic. t. 533.

A very large tree, bark smooth, reddish-brown coming off
in very thin flakes, branchlets terete; 1. 2}—4 in., nearly sessile,
lanceolate-oblong, rounded or somewhat cordate at base, shortly
acuminate, obtuse, glabrous and shining on both sides, lat.
veins numerous parallel; fl.small, cymes terminal and axillary,
small, lax, with divaricate angular branches, ped. 4 as long as
cal.; cal.-tube turbinate; pet. calyptrate; fruit about } in,
nearly globular.

Moist low country ; common. FI. March, April; white.

Endemic.

Rather variable in width of 1.; C. P. 4o13 is a broader-leaved form
with somewhat larger flowers. Wood useful.

18. E. cyclophylla, 7hw. zx Fl. B. Ind. ii. 494 (1878).

CP, 3015.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 494.

A small tree, bark flaking off in small pieces, twigs stout,
cylindrical; |. 2-3 in., sub-sessile, rotundate, as broad as long,
rounded at base and apex, margin usually very strongly
revolute or cucullate (the end being also recurved), very thick,
stiffly coriaceous, midrib very broad and prominent beneath,
lat. veins coarse, conspicuous, marginal vein doubled, glands
black, conspicuous; fl. sessile, in clusters, cymes terminal,
shorter than |., peduncle very stout, quadrangular ; fruit small,
about } in., globose, crowned with cal.-limb.

Upper montane zone ; very rare. Only found on ascent to Adam’s

Peak from Maskeliya; first collected in 1866. FI. March; white.
Endemic.

19. B. rotundifolia, Wight, ///. ii. 17 (1850).

Syzygium rolundifolium, Arn. Pug. 17; Thw. Enum. 118. C, P. 1587,
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 494.
PART II. N

178 Myrtacee. [Zugenia.

A small tree or shrub, with smooth reddish-grey bark,
much branched, twigs very numerous, quadrangular; 1.
numerous, persistent, closely placed, small, $—? in., orbicular,
often retuse at apex, stiff and coriaceous, shining above, paler
and with the numerous lat. veins slightly prominent beneath,
petiole under $in., slender; fl. sessile, 2 or 3 together, cymes
small, crowded, terminal, scarcely exceeding |.; fruit nearly
4 in., nearly globose, dull reddish-purple.

Upper montane zone down to 6000 ft.; very common. FI. April;
pinkish-white.

Endemic.

Known readily from Z£. sclerophylla by its distinctly though shortly
stalked leaves. This and the next, with their dense flat-topped heads of
evergreen foliage, are very characteristic of our highest hill jungle.

20. BE. sclerophylla, Duth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 494 (1878).

Syzygium sclerophyllum, Thw. Enum. 118. C. P. 274.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 494.

A small or moderate-sized much-branched tree, twigs very
numerous, quadrangular, with prominent leaf-scars; |. very
numerous and very persistent, sessile, 3-1 in., broadly oval or
rotundate, rounded or very slightly cordate at base, rounded at
apex, smooth and shining above, paler and with the numerous
lat. veins prominent beneath; fl. sessile in threes, cymes ter-
minal, slightly exceeding 1., branches stout, quadrangular ;
fruit about 4 in., ovoid-globular, crowned with cal.-limb.

Upper montane zone down to 6000 ft.; common. FI. Feb.—April ;
white.

Endemic.

21. BE. oligantha, Duth. in Fl. B. Ind. 11. 494 (1878).

Syzygium oliganthum, Thw. Enum. 118. C. P. 452.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 494.

A bush or small much-branched tree, twigs very numerous,
slender, quadrangular ; |. ?-1} in., obovate, tapering to base,
rounded and often emarginate at apex, shining above, con-
spicuously dotted beneath with the lat. veins scarcely visible,
petiole g in.; fl. few, very small, sessile in twos or threes on
terminal or rarely axillary peduncles much shorter than 1.;
cal.-tube pyriform, segm. ovate, acute; fruit about 4in., globose,
dark red.

Lower montane zone; rather rare. Ambagamuwa; Hantane ;
Maskeliya. Fl. March, April; white.
Endemic.

22. E. olivifolia, Duth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 495 (1878).

Syzygium spathulatum, Thw. Enum. 118 (non Berg). C. P. 2493.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 495.

Lugenia.| Myrtacee. 179

A small much-branched tree, twigs numerous, slender,
quadrangular ; |. 1-17 in., spathulate-oval or spathulate-lan-
ceolate, much tapering at base, shortly acuminate, obtuse at
apex, smooth and shining above, paler and somewhat glau-
cous beneath and with oblique rather conspicuous lat. veins,
petiole 4 in. or more; fl. very small, on slender ped. as long
as cal., in copious, erect, slender, lax, axillary and terminal
cymes about as long as |.; cal.-limb cup-shaped, seem. shallow ;
pet. sometimes expanding ; fruit 4 in., globose, purplish-red.

Montane zone, rather common ; at lower elevations, rare. Deltota ;

top of Nillowe Kande, Pasdun Korale. Fl. July—Sept.; pinkish-white.
Endemic.

23. E. operculata, ox). Hort. Beng. 37 (1813). Bata-damba,
Kobo-mal, S.

Calyptranthes caryophyliifolia, Moon Cat. 39. Syzygium nervosum,
DC., Thw. Enum. 417, 116. C. P. 2801.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 498. Wight, Ic. t. 552.

A large tree with spreading branches, bark on trunk rather
thick, grey and exfoliating, on branches smooth and nearly
white, twigs cylindrical, slightly thickened at nodes, somewhat
compressed ; |. 4-6 in., oval or broadly lanceolate, tapering to
base, shortly acuminate, obtuse, stiff, shining on both sides,
bright green above, paler beneath, lat. veins few, curved, rather
prominent, pellucid, petiole about }in.; fl. sessile in threes,
cymes large, lax, pedunculate, spreading, 3-4 in. long, coming
from axils of fallen 1.; cal. ovoid-turbinate, becoming cam-
panulate, smooth and shining, mouth truncate; pet. calyp-
trate, the cap pointed; fruit 2in., nearly globular, purple,
juicy.

Moist region up to 4000 ft.; common. FI. Feb.-April; cream-
coloured.

Also in Himalaya, Assam, Burma, S. China, Malay Islands.

Wood greyish-yellow, moderately heavy and hard, durable. The
leaves when bruised have an agreeable aromatic odour. ‘The fruit is
not eaten in Ceylon.

24. HE. Jambolana,* Lam. Dict. iii. 198 (1789). MWaha-dan,
Ma-dan, 5. Naval, Peru naval, 7.

Herm. Mus. 8. Burm. Thes. 197. FI. Zeyl.n.185. AZyrtus Cuminz,
L. Sp. Pl. 471. Calyptranthes Cumini, Moon Cat. 39. Syzygium Jambo-
lanum, DC. Thw. Enum. 417, 116. C. P. 3644.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 499. Wight, Ic. t. 535. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 197.

A large or very large tree, bark grey or nearly white, thick,
rough, exfoliating, twigs cylindrical-compressed ; |. 3-34 in.,

* Jambolana, the Portuguese name for the fruit, from /amun, tle
Indian one.

180 Myrtacee. [Eugenia..

oval or oblong-oval, tapering to base, acute or subacute at
apex, glabrous, not shining, rather thin, light bright green,
lat. veins very numerous, faintly marked, petiole {-4 in.; fl.
small, on short ped., cymes about 3 in., lax, pedunculate, with
slender divaricate branches, coming off from axils of fallen 1.,
often at some distance down the branches ; cal. shortly turbi-
nate, limb cup-shaped, truncate or with very obscure segm.;.
pet. calyptrate, cap not pointed; fruit 3-4 in., usually ovoid,.
often lop-sided, crowned with truncate cal.-limb.

Var. 6B, microcarpa, 7hw. /.c. Var. caryophyllifolia, Duth. in.
HESBeind eas Wishtalert 55S 0s Camel 5on

L. ovate-oval, acuminate, berries smaller, globose.

Low country, in both wet and especially in dry regions, attaining to:
3000 ft. in former; var. 8 the commoner form. Fl. May—August; white,
honey-scented.

Throughout the Tropics of Asia.

I do not think this is ever cultivated in Ceylon ; but the fruit, which is
generally no bigger than a large pea, is much eaten. We do not appear
to have in Ceylon any of the large-fruited sorts found in India.

The leaves have a pleasant aromatic scent when bruised. Wood
reddish-grey, not heavy, moderately hard, durable, much used, often
called ‘ Méni-damba.’

Jambolifera pedunculata, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 178 (non Vahl) is a form of
this with oblong fruit, also figured in Wight, Ic. t. 620 (Z£. obtusdfolia,
Roxb.). On the confusion by Linnzeus and subsequent writers between.
this species and Acronychia laurifolia see under that plant (Pt. I. p. 216).

25. E. lucida, Lam. Dict. iii. 205 (1789). [PLATE XXXVII.]

£. hypoleuca, Thwaites in Bedd. For. Man. cxii. (name only).
Drim Syst. Cat; 33.- > C, P3865:

IMs dss Uae ih, Feige:

A much-branched bush with rough silvery grey bark,
twigs cylindrical, compressed, young parts hairy-pubescent ;
I, 13-25 in., rotundate or broadly oval, tapering at base,
rounded at apex, usually very strongly revolute at margin,
dark green and polished above, purple when young, yellow-
white ‘beneath, very stiff and coriaceous, petiole 1-3 in., stout;
fl. large, 14 in. few, solitary, usually from the base. of the
young shoot below the l., peduncle 4-14 in., stiff, pubescent,
with 2 small oblong bracts immediately beneath f1.; cal.-
tube shallow, cup-shaped, pubescent outside, segm. very large,,
orbicular-ovate, finely ciliate, unequal, imbricate; pet. large,
rounded, 1-14in.; stam. inserted on very broad disk; fruit
over 1 in., globular, crowned with large erect cal.-segm., seeds.
2 or 3, very large, brownish-white.

Montane zone, 4500-6000 ft., in open sunny places; rare. Only in

the North-eastern mountain mass. Knuckles ; Wattakelle ; Kobonilla ;,
Rangala Hills. Fl. April and September ; white.

LEugenia.| MM ‘yrtacee. 181

Also found in Mauritius and Bourbon, but nowhere in Asia.

The fruits are ripe at the same time as the flowers are expanded ;
they are precisely like small rosy-cheeked apples. The flowers are
handsome, and the largest in the genus.

I follow the Fl. B. Ind. in referring this to Z. Zucéda, but Lamarck
describes his plant as having sessile flowers.

26. E. Heckeliana,* 777m. in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 207 (1885).

A large bush or small tree, bark reddish, young shoots
cylindrical compressed, floccose with fulvous tomentum ;
1. large, 4-6 in., oblong-ovate, more or less cordate at base,
subacute at apex, margin somewhat undulate, when young
densely clothed on both sides with yellow wool which wears
off with age leaving adult |. quite glabrous above and slightly
floccose near midrib beneath, lat. veins rather distant, pro-
minent, petiole very short, stout; fl. large, 14 in., solitary, on
short, stout fulvous-woolly ped. with two lanceolate acute
bracts at summit, coming off from axils of two opposite bracts
(scale-leaves) at base of shoots below the new I.; cal.-tube
campanulate-turbinate, as long as ped., densely fulvous-hairy,
segm. large, ovate, subacute, somewhat recurved ; pet. rather
longer than cal.-segm., oval; staminal disk large, square,
densely hairy ; fruit (not seen ripe) globose, crowned by
erect cal.-segm.

Moist low country; very rare. Only found among rocks by the sea-
eure at Wéligama in the extreme south of the island. Fl. Dec.; pinkish-
white.

Endemic.

The leaves have a very strong midrib, which is usually somewhat
curved, and the leaf is often stiffly conduplicate.

CO el alata Thw. Enum. 114 (1859).
Ee Pfapish
Fl. B. Ind ii. 503. Bedd. Ic. t. 283.

A moderate-sized tree, branchlets slender, cylindrical,
young parts with ferrugineous tomentum ; 1. 3-4 in., varying
from narrowly lanceolate to broadly oval, acute at base,
caudate-acuminate, obtuse at apex, glabrous, thin, lat. veins
few, fine, conspicuous beneath, uniting at a considerable
distance within the margin, petiole }—? in.; fl. on very short
rusty-pubescent ped., solitary or in small axillary clusters ;
cal,-tube turbinate, rusty-pubescent, segm. large, ovate-oblong,
obtuse; pet. rather longer than cal.-segm., oblong, obtuse ;
fruit rather over ? in., globose, crowned with spreading cal.-
segm., rusty-pubescent when young.

* Commemorates Prof. Ernst Haeckel of Jena, who spent six weeks
at Wéligama shortly before I collected this plant there.

182 Myrtacee. [Zugenia..

Moist low country ; rare. Ratnapura and Reigam Korale (Thwaites) ;.
Ambagamuwa. Fl. Jan.-March; greenish-white.
Endemic.

28. E. xanthocarpa, 7hiw. Enum. 416 (1864).

C2 IP, Asay.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 503.

A large bush or very small tree, with grey bark, twigs:
cylindrical, young parts with rusty-brown pubescence ; 1. 3-5
in., oblong-oval, acute at base, more or less acuminate, obtuse.
at apex, glabrous, light green above, pale greenish-white
beneath, lat. veins numerous, rather conspicuous, uniting near
the margin; fl. on short rusty-hairy ped. with two small
linear bracts at the top, solitary or in small axillary cymes of
three or five; cal.-tube canipanulate, rusty-hairy, segm. large,
oval, obtuse; pet. much longer than cal.-segm., obovate-
oblong, obtuse ; fruit } in., depressed-globose, often somewhat.
lobed, crowned with erect cal.-segm., finely pilose, bright
orange.

Moist low country ; very rare. Only found near Bentota, on the
S.W. coast. Fl. November—March ; white.

Endemic.

The flowers have a singular creosote-like scent.

29. E. bracteata, Rox). Hort. Beng. 37 (1813). Tembiliya, S:
Kaya, Venkalikaya, 7.

£). zeylanica, Roxb. (non Willd.), Moon Cat. 38; Arn. Pug. 18. Z.
Willdenoviz, Wight, Thw. Enum. 114 (non DC.). C. P. 1586, 1590.

FE By Ind. i 502, Hook: Journ Bot. 1) t) 124) (2) Roxizz2na)s
Wight, Ic. t. 545 (2. Willdenoviz).

A much-branched shrub or small tree, with very smooth.
yellowish-grey bark, young twigs cylindrical, densely covered
with rusty pubescence ; |. 1?-3 in., oblong-lanceolate or oval,
tapering to base, obtuse at apex, often somewhat acuminate,
glabrous, paler beneath, veins inconspicuous, petiole 1-2 in.;.
fl. usually solitary, often 2-7 in corymbose cymes, ped. rather
long, stiff, rufous-pubescent, with two small linear bracts at
summit; cal.-tube campanulate, rufous-pubescent, segm.
oblong-ovate, obtuse; pet. large, ovate-oblong, pubescent out-
side, ciliate, somewhat reflexed ; fruit 4-2 in., usually globose,
sometimes pear-shaped, crowned with cal.-segm., orange-
yellow or red.
ae region, especially near the coast ; verycommon. FI. Feb.—May;.
white. :

Also in Southern India.

A showy species when in full blossom; variable in size of leaf and

flower. I fail to find any means of clearly distinguishing, even as a
variety, . Roxburghiz, DC. (£. zeylanica Roxb., E. Willdenovit, Wight).

Eugenia.) Myrtaceae. 183

By the original descriptions the flowers should be more numerous than in
£. bracteata, but there is much confusion in later authors. Further
critical examination is required.

A specimen from Colombo (Ferguson) has much longer leaves, and
bears a note stating that it has globular red fruit ‘quite different’ from
poe of ordinary £. dracteata, but it is too incomplete for certain identi-

cation.

The foliage is very like that of a MJemecylon, and the Tamils give it
the same name as J. wmbellatum, with which it often grows. The leaves
are aromatic when bruised. Wood greyish-yellow, hard, close-grained.

30. &. rufo-fulva, 7iw. Enum. 416 (1864).

©. Py 3835:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 503.

A moderate-sized tree, bark pale brown or nearly white,
young shoots cylindrical, slender, elongated, rufous-pubescent ;
]. 24-43 in., lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or tapering
at base, very long caudate-acuminate, acute at apex, smooth
and shining above, densely covered with very fine brownish-
red tomentum beneath (becoming glabrous when old), petiole
4-2 in., slender, curved ; fl. small, ped. slender, 4-4 in., pubes-
cent, I-3 in leaf-axils ; cal.-segm. longer than tube, oblong,
obtuse, tomentose outside; pet. oblong, obtuse, longer than
cal.-segm.; fruit globular, under } in., pubescent, crowned
with spreading cal.-segm.

Moist low country; rare. Gattehatte, near Avisawella; Reigam
Korale; Nillowe Kande. Fl]. March—June.

Endemic.

Varies with very narrow leaves.

31. E. phillyrzoides, 772m. in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 207 (1885).

A much-branched dense twiggy shrub, with roughish pale-
brown bark, young parts with white hair; 1. very small, barely
I in., numerous, crowded, erect, linear-lanceolate, tapering to
base, acuminate, obtuse, margin slightly revolute, dark green
above, paler beneath, lat. veins inconspicuous, petiole short ;
fl. (not seen) solitary, axillary, peduncle shorter than 1.; fruit
2-1 in., depressed-globose, flat-topped, crowned by wide sta-
minal disk, and large rather unequal spreading cal.-segm.,
glabrous when mature (pubescent when young), red.

Montane zone; very rare. Only found at summit of Kalupahane
Kande, Lagalla, East Matale (about 5000 ft.). Not seen in flower.

Endemic.

Approaches £. Rottleriana, W. and A., figured (in flower only) in
Wight, Ic. t. 100, of the hills of S. India, with which it requires careful
comparison.

32. B. floccifera, 7hiw. Enum. 115 (1859).
C. P,; 463;
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 504.

134 Myrtacez. | [Zugenia

A small tree, with brown cracked bark, branchlets terete,
densely covered with soft brown tomentum ; 1. large, 4-7 in.,
lanceolate-oblong, acute at base, long-acuminate, acute at
apex, densely brown-tomentose when young, becoming gla-
brous when old, lat. veins fine, not conspicuous, petiole 2 in.;
fl. rather large, nearly 1in., on very short tomentose ped.,
solitary or in fascicles of 2-4, axillary; cal. densely fulvous-
tomentose, segm. over }in., linear-lanceolate, acute, reflexed ;
pet. about as long, oval, obtuse ; fruit not seen.

Moist low country ; very rare. Reigam Korale (Thwaites). FI. bluish-

white.
Endemic.

33. B. rivulorum, 7iw. Enum. 115 (1859).

C, IPs Suu.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 504.

A small tree, bark smooth, quite white, branchlets cylin-
drical, glabrous, young parts with a very minute purplish
tomentum ; |. very large, 6-12 in., oval or ovate-oval, rounded
at base, acuminate, bright green above, pale yellowish-green
beneath, thick and leathery, veins strongly marked, indented
on upper surface, prominent beneath, especially the intra-
marginal one, petiole 4-3 in., very thick; fl. large, over 1 in.,
sessile, few in axillary fascicles, chiefly on old wood; cal.-
tube campanulate, faintly pilose, segm. broad, rotundate,
spreading ; pet. nearly }in., oblong; fruit large, 1 in., irregu-
larly globose, pericarp thick fleshy, dark brown, wrinkled.

Wet forests in the moist low country; very rare. Singhe Rajah Forest;
yous Forest. Fl. March, April; pet. pale violet-pink, stam. white.

ndemic.

The large flowers are often borne even at the very base of the old
stems, close to the ground, giving the plant a singular appearance.

34. E. fulva, 7hw. Enum. 115 (1859).

CAE. 3008:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 504.

A small tree, young shoots cylindrical, compressed, clothed
with fine orange tomentum ; 1. 4-5 in., oval, acute or rounded
at base, shortly acuminate, glabrous and shining above, finely
yellow-tomentose, becoming glabrous beneath, lat. veins few,
conspicuous, uniting much within the margin, petiole 4in.,
channelled ; fl. 2 in. wide, sessile, solitary or 2 or 3 together
in axils of present or fallen 1.; cal. fulvous-hairy, seem. ovate-
triangular, acute; fruit globose, fulvous-tomentose, crowned
with enlarged cal.-segm.

Moist low country; very rare. Hewesse; Morowak Korale. FI.

Sept.—Dec.; white.
Endemic.

Eugenia.) Myrtacee. 185

35. BE. insignis, 7iw. Enum. 416 (1864).

© P. 3677.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 504.

A small tree, bark pale, twigs cylindrical, compressed,
young parts covered with white tomentum, 1. distant, large,
6-8 in., oblong-oval, rounded at base, suddenly acuminate,
obtuse, glabrous on both sides, pale beneath, lat. veins few,
distant, prominent beneath, uniting with the very strongly
marked intramarginal vein at some distance from edge; fi.
sessile, about ? in.; cal. densely covered with white hair, segm.
broadly oval ; pet. longer than cal.-segm., oblong-oval, ciliate;
fruit over I in., nearly globular, densely covered with a felt of
white hair, capped with cal.-segm.

Moist low country; very rare. Galpatta, Reigam Korale, is the
pe the C. P. specimens, and I have seen no others. FI. white.

ndemic.

The intramarginal veins are so strongly marked and so distant from
the edge that the leaf looks almost 3-nerved.

36. E. decora, 7iw. Enum. 115 (1859).

C. P. 3545. _

FI]. B. Ind. ii. 504.

A small tree with smooth grey bark, twigs cylindrical,
thickened at nodes, young parts glabrous; |. 4-5 in., oval,
rounded at base, shortly acuminate, obtuse, glabrous on both
sides, shining above, paler beneath, lat. veins not close, rather
prominent, marginal veins double; fl. quite sessile, in small
axillary clusters; cal.-segm. rounded, pilose ; fruit depressed,
broader than long, # in. wide, 2-seeded.

Moist low country; very rare. Only found near Galle. FI. Sept.;
white.

Endemic.

This is somewhat obscure. I have seen only the C. P. specimens,
which are perhaps of two different species, and quite insufficient. The
above description applies to those which Thwaites seems to have
intended by the name ; the others have almost precisely similar leaves,
but the fl. are smaller and on slender pedicels has long. There is but
a single separate fruit.

37. B. rotundata, 777.

£. Mooniana, var. B, Thw. Enum. 114. £. amena, Thw., var.
voltundata, Trim. Syst. Cat. 33. C. P., 2803.

A much-branched bush with whitish bark, twigs numerous,
cylindrical, glabrous ; 1. small, 1-2 (rarely 3) in., usually rotun-
date or very broadly oval, rarely narrowly oval, rounded at
base, very obtusely acuminate, stiff and rigid, paler and copi-
ously dotted beneath, veins inconspicuous, petiole very short,

186 Myrtaceae. [_Hugenia.

thick ; fl. small, sessile, in very small, axillary, and terminal
fascicles, often on old wood ; cal. slightly pilose, segm. rounded;
pet. oval, much longer than cal.-segm., fruit 2-4 in., globular,
scarlet.

Rocky hills in the low country, especially in the intermediate region.
Deltota; Uma-oya; Doluwe Kande; Lagalla; summit of Ritigala,
abundant. Fl. May-September ; pinkish-white.

Endemic.

This is combined with Z. amena in F1. B. Ind., but it seems nearer
EE. Mooniana, under which Thwaites puts it.

38. BE. mabzeoides, Wight, 11. ii. 13 (1850).

Thw. Enum. 114. C. P. 445, 1588.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 505.

A shrub, very much branched, bark brownish-grey, twigs
very numerous, cylindrical, compressed, young parts glabrous;
1, $-14 in., broadly or narrowly oval-spathulate, tapering to
base, rounded at apex, very thick, stiff and rigid, dark green
and shining above, paler beneath, petiole very short; fl. very
small on usually short slender ped. solitary or in small
axillary or terminal clusters; cal. very glandular, segm.
rounded, finely ciliate; fruit 2-} in., globular or somewhat
ovoid, capped with small cal.-segm.

Montane zone, 4000-7000 ft.; rather common. FI. Sept., Oct.; pale
green.

Endemic.

There are specimens in Herb. Kew, from ‘J. Watson, 1834’ (Hb.
Griffith n. 2362). The leaves are often very small and C. P. 1588 is this
form, which is found at the higher elevations.

39. E. aprica, 7777.

A much-branched bush, twigs cylindrical compressed,
young parts glabrous ; 1. 1-2} in., rotundate or very broadly
oval, suddenly and shortly tapering to base, rounded or very
obtuse at apex, margin more or less revolute, rigid, pale
beneath, and with rather prominent veins, petiole about ¢ in.;
fl. small, 3-4 in., on short ped., usually solitary from base of a
contracted branchlet, and appearing extra-axillary ; cal.-segm.
obtuse; fruit 2-5 in., ovoid, capped with small cal.-segm.,
bright red.

Open places in the montane zone; very rare. Apparently confined to
the N.E. mountain mass. Knuckles Mountains (Ferguson); summit of
Rangala Ridge. Fl. April; white.

Endemic.

I regret making another species, especially as my specimens are.
somewhat insufficient; but I cannot fit them into any existing one.

40. &. amoena, Zhiw. Anum. 114 (1859).
C. P. 3439. _ :
Fl. B. Ind. 11. 505 (in part).

Eugenia] Myrtacee. 187

A. small tree, branchlets terete glabrous; 1. large, 34-6 in.,
quite sessile, ovate-oblong, cordate at base, tapering into long
acuminate, obtuse apex, father thick, veins inconspicuous ; fl.
about # in., on very slender clabrous ped. about # in. long, in
clusters of 2-10 between the terminal pair of 1., bracts be-
neath the fl. very small; cal. glabrous, segm. broadly oval,
obtuse ; pet. ovate, acute, scarcely twice length of cal.; fruit
not seen.

Moist low country; very rare. Hapugodde, Kukul Korale; Rakwane;
Dolosbagie up to 1500 ft. (Thwaites). Fl. April and September; white.

Endemic.
A singular species with the habit of Safrosma indicum.

41. EB. pedunculata, 777m. 72 Journ. Bot. xxvii. 162 (1889).

A shrub, much branched, twigs cylindrical, young parts
glabrous, |. 14-2}in., broadly oval, shortly tapering to base,
shortly and very obtusely acuminate, thick bright green, paler
beneath, lat. veins rather SURIEFOU, more conspicuous above
than beneath, petiole 4-1in.; fl. rather large, ?in. or a little
more, few, solitary, on straight, slender, slightly pilose ped.
3-24 in. long, coming off from base of young shoots below the
l. (and at first appearing as if in clusters); cal.-tube ovoid-
turbinate, pubescent, segm. ovoid, obtuse, finely ciliate, re-
flexed ; pet. large, spreading or reflexed; fruit not seen.

Montane zone; very rare. As yet only found on summit of the

Rangala Ridge at about 5000 ft. Fl. Sept.; white.
Endemic.

42. &. Mooniana, Wight, Lil, ii. 13 (1850), zon Gardn.* Pini-
baru, 5.

faw. Enum, 114. C. P. 11, '365.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 505. Wight, Ic. t. 551 (not good).

A shrub or small tree, twigs numerous, slender, cylindrical ;
glabrous ; 1. variable in size and shape 29] in. usually oval or
rhomboid- oval, tapering to base, more or less acuminate,
obtuse at apex, thin, green on both Oe, veins fine, incon-
spicuous, petiole short, slender ; fl. 2-4 in., on very slender
ped. about } in. long, in fascicles Se base of (often sup-
pressed) branchlets (apparently axillary and terminal) ; cal.-
tube fusiform, constricted at top, segm. lanceolate, acute or
obtuse ; pet. oval-oblong, obtuse, often reflexed ; fruit }—} in.,
usually ovoid, rarely globular, pendulous, scarlet or crimson.

Moist and intermediate country up to 4000 ft.; common. Fl. March
and April, and September; white.

Also in Southern India.

Gardner’s £. Mooniana is a Brazilian species ‘dedicated to Mrs.
Moon, of Rio Janeiro.’

188 Myrtacez. [Barringtonia.

Though collected by Moon, he did not name or include it in his
Catalogue. C. P. 365 from Medamahanuwara has larger and thicker
leaves, and sometimes nearly sessile flowers, and approaches £. votundata.

Wood yellow, smooth, hard, durable. From a large-leaved var. called
‘ Géta-kaha,’ S. (found at Haputale), the very hard and heavy black sticks
universally carried by Tamil coolies are obtained. They call them
Karumbadikambu and Karutamurutukambu, and the black colour is
produced by burial in mud for some months.

E. Micheliz, Lam. (MV yrtus brasiliana, L., E. zeylanica, Willd. (non
Roxb., nec Wight), £. Wzl/denoviz, DC. (non Wight), is occasionally met
with in gardens, and known as the ‘ Brazil cherry,’ or ‘ Rata-jambu.’
Linneeus’s name, £. wvzflora, which included both this and a form of
£. mataccensis, should be abandoned (see Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 142).
This is the original species of Ezgenza, it is a very ancient introduction
to the East from the New World.

43. &. Thwaitesii, Duth. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 506 (1879).
E.. concinna, Thw. Enum. 416 (non Phil.). C. P. 2802.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 506.

A tree with whitish bark, twigs cylindrical, young parts
pilose ; 1. 3-5 in., ovate-oval, slightly narrowed at base, cau-
date-acuminate, obtuse at apex, glabrous on both sides when
mature, lat. veins numerous, rather conspicuous, petiole under
din., stout; fl. small, on slender ped. #-1 in. long, in apparent
fascicles (really on suppressed branchlets), fruit about ? in.,
globular, crimson.

Moist country; very rare. Only from Ambagamuwa. FI. Jan.

Endemic.

3. BARRINGTONIA,* Forsz.

Trees, |. alt., stip. very minute, caducous, fl. in long ra-
-cemes; cal.-tube adnate to ov., not produced beyond it, segm.
2-4; pet. 4 (or 5), imbricate, usually slightly connate at base
and adnate to stam., stam. very numerous in several rows,
epigynous, connate at base into a thick tube, fil. very long ;
ov. inferior, 2—4-celled, with several pendulous ovules in each
cell, style long, simple ; fruit fibrous or leathery, indehiscent,
1-celled ; embryo without obvious cotyledons (macropodous)
showing on transverse section central and peripheral portions,
no endosperm.—Sp. 20; 10.in FZ. B. Ind.

‘Cal. quite closed in bud, splitting irregularly into 2
or 3 segm.
L. entire - : : 5 5 : : ; 1. 1B. SPECIOSAS
L. finely serrate.
Fruit broadly ovoid .
Fruit narrowly oblong
Cal. not closed in bud, segm. 4

. B. RACEMOSA.
. B. ZEYLANICA.
B. ACUTANGULA.

wh

* Commemorates the Hon. Daines Barrington, F.R.S. Died 1800.

Barringonia.] ¢ Myrtacee. 189:

I. B. speciosa, forst. Char. Gen. Plant. 76 (1776). WMtudilla, S.

Moon Cat. pt. 2, 29. Thw. Enum. 119. Agasta indica, Miers in
fags. inn, Soc: Ser. 2,1. 61. *

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 507. Wight, Ic. 547 (not good). Trans. Linn. Soc.
l. c. t. 12 (Agasta indica).

A rather small or moderate-sized tree with a close round
head, bark pale grey, branchlets very stout, marked with promi-
nent leaf-scars, young parts glabrous; 1. very large, 10-12in,,
crowded, sessile, obovate, tapering to base, rounded at apex,
entire, perfectly glabrous, polished and shining on both sides,
midrib very stout and broad; fl. very large, about 7 in. diam.,
on very stout glabrous ped. 3-4 in. long, in a terminal erect
raceme, buds nearly globular, apiculate ; cal.-tube about } in.,
bluntly quadrangular, glabrous, limb veiny, splitting into 2 or
3 concave segm., pet. usually 4 (rarely 5), very slightly con-
nate, about 24in., broadly oval, concave; staminal ring
slightly adnate to base of pet., fil. 3-4 in., erect ; ov. inferior,
4-celled, ovules 6-8 in each cell, style as long as stam.; fruit
large, depressed, about 4in. high, quadrangular, bluntly
pointed, crowned with persistent cal.-lobes, angles usually
acute, pericarp very thick, smooth and shining, pale brownish-
yellow, texture light fibrous-spongy, with strong fibres round
the seed ; seed over 2 in., ovoid.

Seashores; very rare. On the south coast from Galle to Matara,
possibly native; certainly planted elsewhere. FI. May, creamy-white,
odorous, filaments and style pink at top.

Also on the coasts of the Andamans, at Singapore, and generally in
the Malay Archipelago and Polynesia to N. Queensland.

Thwaites gives C. P. 3610 for this, but in Hb. Perad. that number is
LB. racemosa, and there is no specimen of B. sfeciosa. A beautiful tree,
much planted for ornament on the coast. If this were an old inhabitant
here, it could scarcely have escaped notice by Hermann ; as, however,
it is one of those trees the seeds of which are carried by sea-currents, it
may well have been brought to our southern shores by this natural
agency. (See Tennent, ‘Ceylon,’ ii. 100.)

First collected in the Pacific Is., and Miers (I. c. t. 10) figures the
original plant of which the fruit is broadly ovate-ovoid and very slightly
quadrangular.

2. B. racemosa, 2/. ix DC. Prod. iii. 288 (1828). Diya-
midella, 5S.

Fl. Zeyl.n. 191. Lugenia racemosa, L. Sp. Pl. 471. Stravadia rubra,
Moon Cat. 39. Thw. Enum. 119. Sutonica racemosa, Juss., Miers,
Lc. 66. C€..P, 3610,

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 507 (not given for Ceylon). Wight, Ic. t. 152.

A small tree with long drooping branches, bark grey with
prominent leaf-scars; |. large, crowded at ends of branches,
sub-sessile, 6-12 in., obovate-oval, tapering to base, acute,

190 Myrtacee. | Barringtonia.

finely crenate-serrate, glabrous and shining on both sides,
somewhat bullate between the strongly marked veins; ff.
large, 2} in. diam., on stout minutely puberulous divaricate
ped. +2 in. long, laxly arranged in flexible pendulous
racemes I-2 ft. long, and terminal or from axils on the old
wood, buds ovoid, bluntly pointed; cal.-tube turbinate,
puberulous, limb splitting irregularly into 2 or 3 unequal segm.,
one of which often carries with it the top of the cal. , leaving
the others truncate ; pet. connate at base, about I in., oval or
oblong-oval, spreading ; fil. rather over I in., erect spreading ;
ovules 3 or 4 in each ov.-cell ; fruit 2-24 in. by 1? in. wide,
ovoid or oblong-ovoid, crowned with persistent cal.-segm.,
circular on section or very bluntly 4-lobed, pericarp leathery,
thick, brownish-crimson; seed 1# in.

Moist low country, especially near the coast, on the shores of back-
waters, lakes, &c., but also inland; common. Conspicuous round
Colombo Lake. FI. nearly all the year; cream-coloured, fil. pink or
crimson, very slightly scented.

Also on Malabar Coast and in Malaya and Polynesia.

There are two varieties of flower in this, one with the filaments
pinkish-cream-coloured, the other with them crimson, the darker-flowered
plant has also usually smaller leaves.

Hermann has a good figure (but no specimen), and from this Linnzeus
took his description.

3. B. zeylanica, Gardn. in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 508 (1879). Goda-=
midella, 5S.

B. racemosa, var. 8, Thw. Enum. 119. Butonica zeylanica, Miers in
dans) Winns SOG. useiZ2./7-un Ow aZOB2"

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 508.

Bark grey, rough, marked with prominent leaf-scars; 1.
smaller than in 3B. vacemosa, 4-7 in., sub-sessile, obovate-
lanceolate, much tapering to base, acuminate, acute, Due
serrate, clabrous, rather thin; f1. about 4 in. diam., ped. 3 4-2
in., rather slender, divaricate, buds nearly globose ; cal.-tube
turbinate, limb irregularly splitting into 2-4 unequal segm.;
fil, about # in.; fruit about 3 in. by less than ? in. wide,
narrowly oblong, tapering to base, crowned with cal.-segm.,
obtusely 4-angled ; seed about 14 in. long.

Moist low country; rare. Galle, 1844 (Gardner); Ratnapura ;
Gilimalle. Fl. March.

Endemic.

I have never met with this in a living state, and only know it from the
C. P. specimens from which the above description is taken ; it seems a
good species. It is probably Stravadia integrifolia, Moon Cat. 39, from
Kalutara, but of that I have not seen authentic specimens.

The astringent bark is used in medicine.

Careya.] Myrtacee. IQI

4. B. acutangula, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 97 (1791). Gla-midella, S.
Adampu, 7:

Fl. Zeyl.n. 190. Eugenia acutangula, L. Sp. Pl. 471. Stravadium
obtusangulum, Bl. in Fl. des Serres, vii. (1851) 24. Thw. Enum. 11g.
Po rhg2:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 508. Gaertn, J. c. t. 101 (fruit only). Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
+. 204. Trans. Linn. Soc., series 2, i. t. 17 (Stravadium acutangulum).

A small tree with thick trunk, bark brownish grey, rough,
young parts glabrous; 1. 3-5 in., obovate- or oblong-oval,
tapering to base, subacute at apex, crenate-serrate, jptg nt
green, not shining, venation reticulate pellucid, petiole {3 in.;
fl. about 1 in. diam. on short spreading ped., racemes Q— 12in.,
terminal, pendulous ; cal. not closed in bud, tube very short,
segm. 4 regular, broadly oval, rounded, finely ciliate, pet.
small, about + in., fil. about 2 in: fruit ee in., oblong-ovoid
somewhat narrowed to base, truncate at both ends, bluntly
quadrangular, capped with small cal.-segm.

Dry region, round margins of tanks and similar places; rather
common. Jaffna; Mannar; Trincomalie; Kantalai; Batticaloa. FI.
June-August; pet. cream-coloured, stam. dark bright crimson.

Also in Peninsular India, Malaya, and N. Australia.

Wood white, moderately heavy, even-grained. The fruit is chewed as
a remedy for sore throat; it is also considered efficacious in rheumatism.

Miers (I.c. 81) maintains as a separate species S. obtusangulum, Bl.,
and quotes for it the C. P. number above given. I can find nothing to
warrant the separation; the angles of the fruit are always obtuse, as
shown in the excellent original figure of Gaertner.

4. CAREYA,* Roxb.

Tree, |. alternate, fl. in crowded erect spikes; cal.-tube
adnate to ov. and not produced beyond it, segm. 4, imbricate;
pet. 4, imbricate ; stam. very numerous, epigynous, in many
rows, connate at base, fil. very long; ov. inferior, 4-celled,
with numerous ovules in 2 rows on axile placentas, style long,
simple; fruit large, fleshy, indehiscent, with numerous seeds
immersed in the flesh ; embryo without cotyledons (macropo-
dous), no endosperm.—Sp. 3; all in “7. B. Ind.

C. arborea, fox. Hort. Beng. 54 (1814). Kahata, S. Ka-
chaddai, 7’.

Thw. Enum. 119. C, P. 3169.

Fl. B, Ind. ii. 510 (not given for Ceylon). Wight, Ill. tt. 99, 100,
copied in Bedd. FI. Sylv. A z05 (poor).

% Named. after Dr. William ‘Carey, the missionary, superintendent of
the Botanic Garden at Serampore, and editor of Roxburgh’s ora
Indica. Died 1834.

192 Melastomacee.

A small or middle-sized tree, with very thick, rough, dark-
grey bark and a small rounded head, young branches with
-very prominent leaf-scars, growing parts quite glabrous; 1. large,.
6-12 in., usually sessile, broadly obovate, much tapering to
base, very obtuse or rounded at apex, denticulate-crenate,.
thick, smooth and shining on both sides, pale green, veins
pellucid ; fl. large, 34-4 in. diam., sessile, crowded in very
thick, swollen, hard terminal spikes, each with a central oval
bract and two lateral linear ones ; cal.-tube about I in., cam-
panulate, glabrous, segm. rounded, stiff, erect; pet. 2-24 in.,.,
ovate, obtuse or acute, margin often revolute; fil. about as.
long as pet., spreading ; style a little longer than stam. ; fruit
24-3 in., globular, apple-like, green, glabrous, crowned with
persistent cal.-segm. and style, solid, with the cells nearly
obliterated, seeds several immersed in the flesh.

Moist region, especially on exposed patana land, up to 5000 ft.; very
common. Also rarely in the dry region, ¢.g., Mulliativu. FI. Nov.—
March; pet. pale green, fil. pale pink.

This is the ‘Patana Oak’ of the English, and almost the only tree
(besides Phyllanthus Emblica) on the barren grassy patanas. The
remark in Fl. B. Ind., ‘No example from Ceylon’ (which, doubtless, has.
reference merely to the Kew Herbarium), is calculated to mislead, as this
is one of our most familiar trees,

Moon has this only under the Sinhalese name (Cat. pt. 2, 8). I find
no earlier record for it.

Heart-wood dark reddish-brown, heavy, moderately hard, even-grained,,
very durable. The bark is very astringent, and is much used in medicine:
as well as for tanning. The inner bark gives a strong fibre.

LITI—MELASTOMACE.

TREES, shrubs, or herbs, |. opp., fl. regular, bisexual ; cal.-tube
adnate to whole or base of ov., and more or less prolonged
above it, segm. 3, 4, or 5; pet. same number as cal.-segm.,
contorted in bud; stam. 3, 8, or 10 inserted at edge of cal.-
limb, anth. large, opening by 1 or 2 terminal pores, connec-
tive often with appendages at base; ov. wholly or half in-
ferior, 3- 4- or 5-celled (1-celled in Wemecylon) with numerous
ovules on axile (or free central) placentas, style simple; fruit
a dehiscent capsule or an indehiscent fleshy or dry berry,
many-seeded (1-seeded in MWemecylon); seed without endo-
sperm, cotyledons small (larger and much folded in
Memecylon).

Osbeckia.] Melastomacec. 193

Seeds numerous.
Fruit capsular.
Pet. 4 or 5.
Shrubs or herbs.

Stam. equal I. OSBECKIA,
Stam. unequal 2. MELASTOMA.
ae climber 3. KENDRICKIA.
Pee 4. SONERILA.
Fruit baccate 5. MEDINILLA.
‘Seed solitary (Memecylee) 6. MEMECYLON.

The most recent account of Ris leeee Order ‘(which is mainly
American) is by Cogniaux in Monograph. Phanerog. vi. (1891).

Of our 52 species (of which more than half belong to one genus,
Memecylon) only one, Osbeckia zeylanica, is found to be restricted to the
dry region; the rest are all natives of the low country or montane zone of
the moist region, many species of Osdeckia and Sonerzla being very
characteristic of the higher hills; and only Osdeckia aspera and
Memecylon umbellatum and M. capitellatum extend also into the dry
country. No less than 35 of our species (including 20 of Memecylon)
appear to be endemic.

1. OSBECKIA,* Z.

Shrubs or herbs, generally bristly-hairy; 1. opp., 3-7-
nerved, fl. usually large, in small terminal cymes; cal.-tube
usually campanulate, adnate to lower half of ov. and pro-
longed above it, generally covered with hairs, scales or stellate
processes, segm. 4 or 5, usually deciduous; generally with
small bristle-pointed teeth alternating with them ; stam. 8 or
10, equal, anth. large, obtuse or attenuate or beaked, con-
nective not produced at base, but often with 2 tubercles there;
ov. 4-inferior, 4-5-celled, with very numerous ovules in each
cell ; fruit capsular, enclosed in cal.-tube and partially adnate
to it below, dehiscent loculicidally from apex by pores or
short valves, seeds very numerous, kidney-shaped——Sp. 51
(Cogniaux); 26 in Fl. B. Ind.

Pet. 4.
Anth. not beaked.
Stems prostrate, softly hairy
Erect shrub, scabrous
Anth. beaked ; annual herb
Pet. 5.
Cal.-tube with hairs, scales, or bristles.
Cal. with simple hair, or hairy or fringed scales.
L. hairy above.

O. ERYTHROCEPHALA.
O. RHEEDII.
O. ZEYLANICA.

WN eS

L. 5-nerved ; : ; : . 4. O, ASPERA.
L. 3-nerved - ; 7 ; . 5. O. WALKERL.

L. glabrous above P . ; rede OF BUXIFOLIA,

* In honour of Peter . Osbeck, who travelled and collected in 1 Japan
and China in 1751.

PART Ul. O

194 Melastomacea. [ Osbeckia.

Cal. with stellate stalked processes.

Much-branched bush . : : . 7. O. RUBICUNDA.
Prostrate herb. : : : . 6. Os MOONmE
Cal.-tube nearly glabrous . : E . 9. O. OCTANDRA.

1. O. erythrocephala, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xiv. 58 (1850).
Bowitiya, S.

O. truncata, Arn. (non Don) and O. parvifolia, Arn. in Hook. Comp.
B. Mag. 11. 308. O. Leschenaultiana, Thw. Enum. 104 (non DC.). Cogn.
Mon. 328. C. P. 1576, 284.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 514 (O. cupularis, Don, var.) and 515 (O. parvifolia).
Wight, Ic. t. 996 (O. Leschenaultiana).

Stems numerous, prostrate or ascending, long, cylindrical
below, quadrangular above, slightly branched, reddish-purple,
covered with long spreading hair ; |. variable in size, 4-14 in.,
broadly oval, rounded at base, acute at apex, finely ciliate-
serrate, densely and softly hairy on both sides, 5-nerved,
petiole Lin. hairy; fl. 1-14 in., on short ped., cymes sessile,
dense, capitulate; cal.-tube urceolate, thickly set with simple
bristly hair below and with stalked stellate processes above ;
cal.-segm. 4, triangular, ciliate, with a large stellate tuft at
apex ; pet. 4, roundish ; stam. 8, anth. blunt; ov. with coarse
erect bristles on top.

Montane region, especially in upper zone; very common. FI. all the
year; pale pink.

Also in S. India ?

An abundant plant on the open patanas and variable in the amount of
hair on stem and leaves. A small form, O. darvifolia, Arn. (originally
based on a specimen of Walker, n. 332) is figured in Bot. Reg. t. 565
under the name O. zeylanica, and with the fl. pure white. C. P. 284
(from N. Eliya) has much longer anthers, and the flowers occasionally
5-merous; it was regarded by Thwaites as probably a hybrid with
O. rubicunda or O. aspera.

This never turns black in drying, as stated in the books.

I have thought it best to retain Naudin’s specific name, which refers
certainly to the Ceylon plant; as this has almost invariably 4-merous f1.,
whilst O. cupularzs, Don, of S. India, is described (W. and A. Prod. 323)
as 5-merous.

2. O. Rheedii, Gardn. in Thw. Enum. 104 (1859).
thw. Enum od, Cogn. lve: 329, 2) P1120:
1BIE 18}, Iiravel, iis ‘Siti.

A small erect bush with numerous ascending branches,
branchlets quadrangular, very scabrous with prickly hairs ;
I. #-14in., lanceolate or oval, tapering to both ends, scabrous
above when young, afterwards nearly smooth, scabrous
beneath with small prickles, especially on nerves beneath,
stiff and rigid, pale beneath, very prominently 3-nerved,
petiole short, scabrous; fl. small, about #in., nearly sessile, in

Osbeckia.] Melastomacee. 195

threes ; cal. densely covered with simple coarse hair, segm.
triangular, acute, about as long as tube, persistent ; pet. 4,
broadly ovate, acute; anth. obtuse, with a single pore ; cap-
sule small, depressed, dehiscent by 4 valves from apex.

Upper montane zone; rare. Adam’s Peak (Gardner) ; Ambagamuwa
(Thwaites); bed of upper Maskeliya River, abundant. Fl. March ;
pinkish-white.

Endemic.

When dried, the leaves become coppery-brown above and golden-

yellow beneath.

3. O. zeylanica, L. f Suppl. Plant. 215 (1781).

Moon Cat ar.) @hw: Enum. 104. Cogn. | ¢.326. C. P:1575-

FL. B. Ind. ii. 517. Plukenet, Phytog. t. 173, f. 4.

Annual erect herb, 3-12 in. high, with long slender ascend-
ing quadrangular branches with a few adpressed bristly hairs;
|. -14 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends, finely ciliate-
serrate, with a few long scattered hairs on both surfaces,
3-nerved, petiole $-} in., slender, hairy; fl. small, 4-2 in., on
slender bristly ped. about half as long as cal.-tube, 3-8 to-
gether in umbellate terminal cymes; cal.-tube long-campanu-
late, slightly contracted above, ribbed, shaggy, with numerous
large stellate bristly hairs with very long rays; segm. 4, linear-
lanceolate, more than half the length of tube, membranous,
keeled, ciliate, tipped with stellate bristles, persistent, reflexed
in fruit; pet. 4; anth. terminating in a long slender beak.

Dry region in grass; rather rare. Jaffna; Trincomalie; Batticaloa ;
Bintenne (Nevill). Fl. March; mauve-coloured.

Also in S. India.

4. O. aspera, B/. in Flora, xxiv. 474 (1831). Bowitiya, S.

Fl. Zeyl. n. 172. Herm. Mus. 14. Melastoma asperum, L. Sp. Pl.
391; Moon Cat. 35. Thw. Enum. 105. C. P. 1568.

FL. B. Ind. ii. 519. Burm. Thes. tt. 72, 73. Wight, Ic. t. 377 (small

form).

A small shrub, with numerous slender branchlets, twigs
quadrangular, hispid, purple; 1. 14-2 in., oblong-lanceolate,
rounded at base, acute or subacute, often slightly twisted at
apex, finely dentate-crenate, slightly hispid on both sides,
especially on veins beneath, 5-nerved, the lat. ones faint, mar-
ginal, petiole 4-+ in.; fl. 14-1%in., cymes short; cal.-tube
covered with simple bristly hairs, segm. triangular, about half
as long as tube, obtuse, bristly at summit, recurved ; pet. 5,
ovate-deltoid, truncate; anth. with attenuate end; capsule
over J in., ovoid, truncate, scabrous.

Var. 8, minor, 7riana, /. c. 55 (sp.). C. P. 1569 (part).

L. very small, under % in., crowded, very hairy on both

196 Melastomacec. [ Osbeckia.

sides ; cal. with many stellate or pectinate hairs mixed with
the simple ones, especially at top of segm.

Var. y, Kleinii, Arz. /. c. 309 (sp.). C. P. 1569 (506).

L. broader than in type; cal. usually densely covered with
long bristles mixed with stellate hairs, and at the top with
usually a few scales, terminating in a tuft of long hair; fi.
generally larger, often 24 in.

Var. 6, Wightiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4060 (s.p.). Wight, Ic. t.
998. €. P. 1570.

L. oval, obtuse, more hairy, marginal veins stronger; upper
part of cal. densely covered with scales, fringed by long
bristles, and terminal by stellate bristly hairs ; fl. larger, 2 in.
Or MOFe.

Low country, and up to 4000 ft. very common. Var. £, very rare,
East Matale only, collected in 1863. Var. y, principally in the dry
country ; summit of Ritigala. Var. 6, lower montane zone; common.
Fl. all the year; mauve colour.

Also in Peninsular India.

This is a very variable species, and O. Wzghtiana is kept as distinct
in Fl]. B. Ind. C. P.506 connects it with the others. O. mnor, Triana, is
based on specimens of C. P. 1569 which were called ‘forma minor’ by
Thwaites; these Clarke does not appear to haveseen. Cogniaux (1. c. 315)
keeps it up as a species, as he does also O. K/ezniz (l.c. 316) and O.
Wightiana (1. c. 318).

O. glauca, Benth., is recorded from Trincomalie in Wall. Cat. n. 4073
(see Fl. B. Ind. ii. 519). It was cultivated at Kew, and is figured in Bot.
Mag. t. 5085 (as O. aspera); the specimens in Kew Herb. from the Gardens
are said to be originally from Ceylon. They have the leaves densely
silky-hairy on both surfaces, but are scarcely more than a variety of
O. aspera.

5. O. Walkeri, Arn. in Hk. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309 (1836). -

Phy Enumtoss Ce eens 716

Fl. B. Ind. i. 519.

A. small shrub, twigs cylindrical, densely silky; 1. #-1 in.,
oval or lanceolate-oval, tapering to base, subacute, edges very
slightly revolute or flat, closely adpressed-hairy above, silky,
especially on nerves beneath, 3-nerved, petiole short, silky ;
fl. 14-17 in., on short ped., solitary or in threes; cal. covered
with long simple silky adpressed hair, segm. linear, erect, as
long as tube ; pet. 5.

Var B, Beckettii, 7iw. zn Triana, |. c. 54 (Lecheté by error), C. P.
3908. L. smaller, 7-3 in., broadly oval, stiff, coriaceous.

L. smaller, 4-4, broadly oval, stiff, coriaceous.

Upper montane zone; rare. Horton Plains; Nuwara Eliya. Var £,
Wattakelle Hill (Beckett); Knuckles Mountain. FI. November—Feb. ;
mauve.

Osbeckia.] Melastomacee. 197

Endemic.
Triana |. c. combines with var. 8 O. duxzfolia, var. mznor, to which the
leaves have much resemblance.

6. O. buxifolia, Arz. iz Hk. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309 (1836).
Melastoma buxifolia, Moon Cat. 35. Thw. Enum. 105. C. P. 1572.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 518.

A flat-topped very much-branched bush 5-8 ft. high,
branchlets densely covered with copious ferrugineous wool ;
]. very numerous, crowded, small, 2-3 in., rotundate or broadly
oval, rounded or subcordate at base, emarginate at apex,
margin and apex revolute, upper surface striate with raised
lines, nearly glabrous when mature, densely ferrugineous-
woolly beneath, coriaceous, rigid, strongly 5- (or 7-) nerved,
the nerves much depressed on upper surface, petioles short,
with long rusty hair; fi. large 21 in., sessile, solitary or in
threes, terminal on every twig, bracts leaf-like, close beneath
and adpressed to cal.; cal. surrounded at base by long rufous
sete, tube completely covered by scales bearing tufts of long
shaggy rufous hair, seem. narrowly triangular, pectinate on
margin, shaggy with hair outside, glabrous within, with dense
tuft of very long bristles on top; pet. 5, finely woolly-ciliate.

Var 6, minor, 7hw. /.c. (not O. minor, Triana), C. P. 2618.

L. smaller, quite glabrous above with the veins less in-
dented; cal.-tube densely covered with very long simple
rufous woolly hair.

Upper montane zone above 6000 ft.; rather common. Adam’s Peak
(Moon); Pedurutalagala. Var. 8, Nuwara Eliya; Totapella; Adam’s.
Peak. Fl. March, April, September; rich mauve colour.

Endemic.

There are tufts of persistent hair at each node between the leaf-bases,
apparently stipular in nature. A most beautiful shrub, and very profuse
in flowers.

7. O. rubicunda, Arn. in Hk. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309 (1836).

Thw. Enum. 105.. C. P. 52.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 520.

A large much-branched bush, bark pale yellowish-grey.
twigs sub-quadrangular, very hispid with spreading scale-like
hair; 1. 1-3 in., variable, oblong-oval oblong-lanceolate or
somewhat ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, acute or sub-
acute at apex, minutely spinous-serrate, scabrous-hairy on
both sides, pale beneath, rather thick but not stiff, 5-nerved,
petiole 4—# in., very hispid ; fl. very large, on very short ped.,
3-8 together crowded in terminal clusters ; cal.-tube thickly
studded with large stalked processes with the summit ex-
panded peltate long ciliate or stellate, segm. a little shorter

198 Melastomacee. [ Osbeckia.

than tube, triangular-lanceolate, acute, ciliate, tipped with a
stellate process; pet. 5, 1-14 in. finely ciliate; fruit-cal.
almost prickly with the hardened persistent bases of the
stellate processes.

Upper montane zone to 7000 ft.; common. About Nuwara Eliya
abundant; Ramboda; Matale; Galagama; Elk Plains. Fl. Jan.—April,
October; brilliant purplish-crimson.

Endemic.

A very showy plant, the flowers often over 23 in. across, and produced
in great abundance. Variable in form and size of leaf. When withering
the leaves turn a bright orange-scarlet on upper surface.

O. elliptica, Naud, 1. c. 62, is referred to this by Thwaites and Triana,
but Cogniaux (1. c. 320) maintains it as distinct, distinguished by 1. rounded
at both ends and 3-nerved, and broadly triangular cal.-segm.

8. O. Moonii, 7iw. Enum. 105 (1859).

Melastoma repens, Moon Cat. 35. Thw. Enum. 105. Cogn. 1.c. 319.
C. P. 2800.

Fl Be Ind: i. 520:

Herbaceous, stems long, prostrate, rooting at the nodes,
bristly-hairy ; 1. oval 14-24 in., acute at both ends, entire,
coarsely hairy on both sides, 5-nerved, petiole 4-3 in.; fi.
rather small, about 1 in. on slender hairy ped., usually in
threes, terminating short erect axillary branches from the
prostrate stems, bracts small, rotundate; cal.-tube shortly
campanulate, thickly studded with long spreading processes,
which are bristly on the sides and expand at summit into a
peltate head with long radiating bristles, segm. linear-lanceo-
late nearly equalling tube, strongly ciliate and bristly, inter-
mediate teeth conspicuous, very bristly ; pet. 5, ciliate; anth.
moderately attenuate.

Low moist country; rare. Colombo (Moon); Sittawaka; Paregodde;

Kuruwita Korale. Fl. Sept._Jan.; purplish-pink.
-Endemic.

9. O. octandra, DC. Prod. iii. 142 (1828).

Herm. Mus. 36. Fl. Zeyl. n. 173. MWelastoma octandra, L. Sp. Pl.
391. O. polycephala, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xiv. 67. O. virgata,
Don, Thw. Enum. 105. C. P. 507, 26109.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 521. Wight, Ic. t. 376 (not good).

A small erect shrub, with many erect virgate branches,
bark pale reddish-brown, flaking off in fibrous pieces, young
shoots quadrangular, hispid with adpressed bristly hairs ;
1. narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, shortly tapering
to base, subacute, very faintly serrate, ciliate, almost entirely
glabrous above, glaucous green and with scattered long hairs
beneath, 3-nerved, petiole in., flat, hairy; fl. about 14 in., on
stout hairy ped. about half length of cal.-tube, numerous in
close corymbose or paniculate terminal cymes ; cal.-tube long-

Melastoma.] Melastomacee. 199

campanulate, faintly ribbed, usually perfectly glabrous, occa-
sionally with scattered simple or stellate bristly hairs, segm.
narrowly triangular, not half length of tube, ciliate, tipped
with a bristle or large stellate hair, intermediate teeth large ;
pet. 5, rounded, ciliate ; anth. attenuate ; ov. with a tuft of
long hairs on summit.

Moist low country and extending up to 5000 ft.; common. FI. all the
year; pale purplish-pink, often nearly or quite white.

Also in South India.

O. polycephala, Naud., is based on C. P. 507 in Hb. Kew, and is
maintained by Cogniaux (I. c. 314). I fail to see any difference from
Spal O. octandra beyond the presence of a few stellate hairs on the
cal.-tube.

It is difficult to understand why Linnzeus should have given the name
octandra to this 1o-stamened plant; Don’s later one is very much more
appropriate.

2. MELASTOMA,* Z.

A large shrub with the young shoots bristly-hairy, 1. opp.,
fi. large in terminal cymes; cal.-tube adnate to base of ov.
and prolonged beyond it, covered with simple scaly hairs,
segm. 5, deciduous with minute bristle-pointed teeth between
them ; pet. 5; stam. 10, unequal, those opp. cal.-segm. with
purple anth. and the connective much produced below and
ending in two blunt projections, those opp. pet. with yellow
anth. and the connective very short with 2 small projecting
lobes ; ov. 4-inferior, 5-celled with very numerous ovules on
large axile placentas, fruit small, irregularly dehiscent, with
very numerous seeds; seed small, kidney-shaped, embryo
curved, no endosperm.—Sp. 37 (Cogniaux) ; 6 in FZ. B. Ind.

M. malabathricum,t Z. SZ. Plant. 390 (1753). Maha-
bowitiya, S.

Herm. Mus. 10. Burm. Thes. 155. Fl. Zeyl.n. 171. Moon Cat. 35.

Thw. Enum. 106. Cogn. Mon. 349. C.P. 1574.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 523. Wight, IIl. t. 95.

A much-branched bush, with cylindrical branchlets at first
covered with red bristly forward-pointing hairs, afterwards
with thin yellowish fibrillose bark; |. 24-6 in., lanceolate,

* From péhac, black, and o7éua, mouth, from the staining of the lips,
which results from eating the fruit. The name first given by Burman,
who took it from Hermann, who says the plant was called ‘ Bocca preto’
by the Portuguese for this reason.

+ Linnzus seems to have thought this to be the source of the /olza
malabathri, at one time much used as a medicine in Europe. This name
of the old pharmacists was a corruption of the Indian one, Tamalapattra,
and the leaves really those of Ciznamomum Tamala, trees.

200 Melastomacee. [Kendrickia..

acute at both ends, faintly ciliate- or spinous-denticulate,
slightly scabrous above with short adpressed hairs, hispid om
the veins beneath, finely softly hairy between them, 5-nerved,
the outer ones fine and close to margin, petiole 2-3 in., fl.
large, 14-3 in., ped. about as long as cal.-tube, clothed with
hair-scales, in trichotomous, few-flowered, terminal paniculate
cymes; cal.-tube broadly campanulate, completely covered
with adpressed, lanceolate, silvery hair-scales, segm. variable,
linear- to broad-lanceolate usually about as long as tube,
spreading, glabrous within; pet. narrowed to base, rounded
or truncate; connectives of long anth. curved over the short.
ones; ov. bristly-hairy on summit, style erect, longer thar
stam. and standing over them; fruit softly coriaceous, about
4in., broadly ovoid, bursting irregularly, usually in a circle,
and exposing the 5 large purplish-black pulpy placentas
covered with numerous minute seeds.

Moist low country up to 3000 ft.; very common. FI. all the year;.
violet-mauve-coloured.

Throughout the Indian Peninsula.

The pulp of the ripe fruit is edible, and Moon calls the plant the
‘Black Strawberry tree.’

M. ellipticum, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xiii. 291, is from Ceylon,
collected by Leschenault. From the description I cannot see how it.
differs from JZ. malabathricum. M. Royenit, Bl. in Flora ii. 483, also.
from Ceylon, is referred by Thwaites also to the present species, which,
indeed, does not vary much, save in the cal. segments.

3. RENDRICKIA,* ZZ. 7

An epiphytic climbing shrub, 1. opp., fleshy, fl. large, im
terminal umbels; cal. very fleshy, tube adherent to ov. and
slightly prolonged beyond it, segm. 4; pet. 4, large, spreading,
fleshy ; stam. 8, equal, anth. opening by a single pore, connec-
tive produced at base into a short horn-like process; ov.
inferior, 4-celled, with very numerous ovules, style simple,
stout ; fruit a capsule, 1-celled by absorption of septa, split-
ting from above into 4 valves; seeds very numerous, closely
packed, prismatic.—Monotypic.

i. Walkeri, (2. f in Benth., and Hk. f, Gen. Plant. i. 752 (1865).
__ Medinilla (?) Walkeriz, Wight, Il. i. 217; Gardn. in Calc. Journ.
us I ve Pachycentria Walkert, Thw. Enum. 107. Cogn. Mon. 469.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 526. Bedd. Ic. t. 271 (very poor).

* Named in honour of G. H. Kendrick Thwaites, Director of the

Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya, from 1849 to 1880. The name

Thwattesia had been previously given in 1846 to a genus of Algez. Died
II Sept. 1882.

Sonerila.] Melastomacee. 201

An epiphytic scandent shrub, the young stems climbing to.
a great height by copious slender adventitious roots, branches
cylindrical or young ones quadrangular, stout, bark pale
yellow, smooth, shining, flaking off in rectangular pieces,
young parts scurfy ; 1. on the young climbing branches small,
I-14 in. lanceolate, acute, ciliate-dentate, on the flowering
shoots larger, 2-24 in. oval or oblong, acute at base, obtuse,
entire, glabrous, thick, 5-nerved, the lat. nerves joining the
midrib, bright green and shining above, pale and dull beneath,
petiole very short, stout; fl. large, 24-3 in. 3-8 together in
terminal umbels, ped. 1-14 in., stout, bracts small, oblong,
obtuse; cal.-tube turbinate, ovoid, glabrous, limb short
spreading, seem. short, fleshy, pointed; pet. ovate-rotundate,
fleshy, spreading ; top of ov. 4-lobed, glabrous, style longer
than stam.

Climbing over trunks of trees in the forests of the lower montane
zone, and extending down to 2000 ft. in the Kukul Korale; common.
Fl. January to May; bright clear rose colour, cal. red.

Also found in the Anamallay Hills, S. India.

A very lovely plant when in flower, and a great ornament to the lower
hill-forests, reaching to the tops of high trees. The mode of climbing is
precisely like that of ivy, the young shoots and leaves being pressed close
to the bark and clinging to it by numerous rootlets, whilst the flowering
branches stand away from the support.

The leaves vary in form, and are sometimes suborbicular and rounded
at the base.

4. SONERILA,* Rox.

Herbs often woody at base, |. opp., fl. in scorpioid ter-
minal racemes; cal.-tube connate below with ov. and pro-
longed beyond it, segm. 3, small, usually deciduous ; pet. 3,
ovate, acute; stam. 3, anth. blunt or pointed or rostrate,
opening by 2 pores, cells more or less divergent at base; ov.
inferior, 3-celled, with numerous horizontal ovules; fruit a
trigonous capsule, dehiscing at summit by 3 short valves,
seeds very numerous, usually muriculate, with minute
tubercles.—Sp. 70 (Cogniaux) ; 43 in /%. B. Ind.

The species have been unduly multiplied by botanists; for Ceylon
there are 15 given by Thwaites and 16 in FI. B. Ind., and Cogniaux
makes as many as 21. In a recent paper by Stapf (Ann. Bot. vi. 291,
1892), many of these are reduced to S. zeylanica and S. Wightiana, and
he has clearly shown that the length of the anthers does not afford a

sufficient character for separating species.
It is p bxopaie: that natural hybrids not peace nnenthy) occur in this genus,

* Sonert- ila, the native Malabar name as given by Rheede,

202 Melastomacec. [ Sonerila.

Stem erect.
L. 3-7-nerved.
Nerves from the base of leaf.
L. stalked.
L. glabrous beneath.
Capsule small, as long as or shorter than ped.

L. 5-nerved, unequal at base I. S. ZEYLANICA.
Ik 3-nerved, equal at base. 6 2. S. RHOMBIFOLIA.
Capsule large, much longer than ped . 3. S. BRUNONIS.
L. more or less hairy beneath.
L. glabrous above. 4. S. ARNOTTIANA.
L. hairy above.
L. oval : : 4 . 5. 5. WIGHTIANA.
L. ovate-cordate ; ; : ._ 6. S. HERSUa UREA
L. sessile or nearly so.
L. hairy above.
Capsule broadly ovoid . 7. S. GARDNERI.
Capsule campanulate : : . 8. S. ROBUSTA.
L. quite glabrous . : . 9. S. LANCEOLATA.
Nerves from the midrib (penninerved) : . 10:9) PILOSWiene
L. 1-nerved, linear. : : . II. S. LINEARIS.
‘Stem creeping, I. penninerved ; , : . 12, S. PEDUNCULOSA.

1. S. zeylanica, W. and A. Prod. 322 (1834).

Arn. in Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307. Thw. Enum. 109. C. P. 349, 3345.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 530.

An erect annual herb, 3-12 in. high, much branched above,
branches quadrangular, glabrous; 1. 4-1 in., ovate-lanceolate,
acute, sharply dentate-serrate, with conspicuous scattered
bristly hairs above, glabrous and paler beneath, usually very
unequal at base, 5-nerved, thin, petiole at least half as long
as 1. slender; racemes 2-6-fld., pet. very acute; anth. short,
blunt, or pointed; fruit with tapering ped. 3in., ped. less than
half the length, narrowly turbinate, prominently 6-ribbed,
glabrous.

Var. B, pumila, Clarke. S. pumila, Thw. Enum. 109. Cogn. 1. c.
Aon, (Cy IPs AOU,

Smaller, branched from the base ; 1. broader, usually with
white dots above and purple beneath; anth. very blunt; cap-
sule with ribs less prominent.

Var. y, cordifolia, 7hw. ms. S. cordifolia, Cogn. 1.c. 502. C. P.
2893.

L. cordate at DES, petioles longer than 1.; anth. pointed,
capsule very short, 4 in., campanulate, shorter than ped.

Var. 6, affinis, 77727. S. affinis, Arn. 1. c. 307. Thw. Enum. 109.
C2 P5353) HISB inde iims 33:

L. ovate, more coarsely toothed with spreading serrations;
cal. slightly hairy; anth. attenuate; capsule campanulate,

Sonerila.] Melastomacee. 203

4 in., considerably shorter than curved long ped., the ribs not
prominent.

Var. «, rostrata, Clarke. S. rostrata, Thw. Enum. 108. C.P. 2644.

L. less sharply serrate, anth. rostrate, long-acuminate,
capsule campanulate under 2 in., rounded at base, rather

shorter than ped., ribs slightly marked.

Montane zone, and extending down into moist low country ; common.
Var 8, very common at higher elevations. Var. y, only found as yet in
Singhe Raja Forest. Var. 6, Watagoda. Var. «, Ambagamuwa; Hini-
duma; Reigam Korale. FI. all the year; pink, var. 6 white.

Endemic.

Var. y, with its very short capsule, has some claim to specific rank.
Clarke (1. c. 531) has another var., Walkere, differing from the type in its
seeds being smooth without the usual minute elevations.

2. S. rhombifolia, 7Zw. Enum. 108 (1859).

S. glaberrima, Arn. in Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307 (ex Clarke). C. P. 2799.

Fl, B. Ind. ii. 533.

Stem 6-12 in., stout, quite glabrous, branches obscurely
quadrangular ; |. #-14 in., broadly oval-ovate, often somewhat
rhomboid, acute at both ends, shallowly crenate-serrate,
upper portion quite glabrous, 3-nerved, equal at base, pale or
purplish beneath, petiole half as long as |. or more; cal.-segm.
large, triangular, acute; anth. acuminate; capsule with
tapering ped. barely 2 in., of which ped. is about half, with
strong ribs.

Var. B, angustata, 7hw. ms. S. angustata, Triana, l.c. 408.
Fl, B. Ind. 1. 536.

L. lanceolate-oblong, the lat. nerves faint; cal.-segm.
narrow, very acute.

Moist low country; rare. Kukul Korale; Hiniduma; Adam’s Peak
(Moon); Var. 8, Galle district (Fl. B. Ind.). Fl. Dec.; deep pink.

Endemic.

Triana, followed by Clarke, Cogniaux, and Stapf, considers var. 6 as
a quite distinct species; but by the latter S. yhomébzfolza itself is regarded
as merely robust S. zey/anica. Arnott’s name is the older, and, if certainly

the same plant, should be adopted. Cogniaux (1. c. 499) keeps S. glaber-
vima as distinct.

3. S. Brunonis, W. and A. Prod. 321 (1834).
Cogn. l. c. 493. C. P. 662 (in Hb. Kew).
FI,.i3. Ind. 11. 531. Wight, Ill. t. 94; Ic. t. 1059.

Stem 12 in., rather stout, branches quadrangular, nearly
glabrous, |]. ovate on long petioles, bristly-serrate, 5—7-nerved
at base; pet. lanceolate, anth. short, pointed; capsule, in-
cluding much tapering ped., fully 4 in., of which ped. is about
a third, very strongly ribbed.

204 Melastomacec. [ Sonerila.

Upper montane zone. ‘ Nuwara Eliya, 1846’ (Gardner). FI. ‘Jan

Also in S. India.

I do not know this species. The Kew specimens of C. P. 662, which
are those presumably referred to in Fl. B. Ind., have very large capsules.
Thw. afterwards merged C. P. 662 in C. P. 349 (5S. seylanica), and
Cogniaux quotes the latter number, and also C. P. 353 (.S. afinzs) in part
for S. Brunonzs.

Wight (Ill. 1. c.) colours the petals a bright light blue!

4. S. Arnottiana, 7iw. Enum. 108 (1859).

(C31 AGIs

DleBalnd i sar bedd slewing Orst. 400:

Stem 1-2 ft., branched above, more or less glandular-
hairy ; 1. 13-3 in., lanceolate, tapering to both ends, acute or
obtuse at apex, more or less unequal at base, finely spinous-
serrate, glabrous above, paler and with a few coarse hairs.
on veins beneath, 3- or 5-nerved, petiole half as long as l.,
glandular-pilose ; racemes glandular-hairy, often forked ; cal.-
tube glandular-hairy ; anth. short, pointed; capsule short,
strongly ribbed, asperous.

Var. 6, tomentella, Z7im. S. tomentella, Thw. Enum. 109.
(Gy 1S Doo,

Stem shorter, clothed with short spreading hair, not glan-
dular; 1. smaller, very unequal at base, almost entire, with a
few scattered hairs above, tomentose on the veins beneath ;
racemes and cal. not glandular but densely and finely hairy ;
anth. not pointed.

Montane zone, 4000-7000 ft.; rather rare. Horton Plains; Bopata-
lawa; Ambagamuwa; Maskeliya. Var. 6, Agrawatte; Ambagamuwa.

Fl. March and April; pale pink.
Also in Anamallays, S. India (?).

5. S. Wightiana, Arz. in Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307 (1836).

Cognwlc105 aa Cub 39072

MM i, levels wis I

Stems 1 ft. or more high, much branched, somewhat
flexuose, rough with coarse rufous bristly hair; 1. 1-14 in,
oval, very unequal at base, acute or subacute, sharply serrate,
rough with scattered short bristly hairs on both sides, 5-nerved,
petiole about 4 in., roughly hairy ; fl. rather large, ? in., ped.
with strigose hair; cal.-tube very hairy, segm. oval, acute;
pet. long-clawed, very acute; anth. short, very blunt; capsule
4 in., strongly ribbed, scabrous.

Var. 8, Hookeriana, 77im. S. Hookeriana, Arn. 1.c. 308. Thw.
Iso, WO, (CG, 12, 17/3.

Larger and semi-woody at base, stems more villose with
longer hair; 1. less unequal at base, rounded or obtuse at

Sonerila.] Melastomacee. 205

apex ; cal.-tube slightly hairy, segm. often strongly ciliate
anth. bluntly pointed.

Montane zone; rare. Adam’s Peak; Dolosbagie; Var. 6 only at the
foot of the cone of Adam’s Peak on the southern side. Fl. March and
April; pale pink. -

Endemic.

I follow Stapf in combining these under one species. Thwaites con-
sidered some of his specimens to be hybrids between the two.

6. S. hirsutula, Arz. 7x Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307 (1836). [PLATE
DOES]

Thw. Enum. 108. Cogn. 1. c. 503. C. P. 276.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 534.

Stems 2 ft. or more high, semi-woody at base, much
branched, densely covered, especially at nodes, with long, stiff,
spreading hair; 1. 1-14 in., broadly ovate, rounded or cordate
at base, obtuse at apex, spinous-serrate, very hairy on both
sides, usually 7- (sometimes 5-) nerved, petiole variable, often
longer than 1., very hairy ; racemes short, few-flowered, hairy,
fil. large, about I in.; cal. hairy ; anth. elongated, rostrate, the
cells divaricate at base; capsule over + in. nearly smooth,
ribs prominent.

Upper montane zone; rare. Pedurutalagala; foot of Totapella;
Horton Plains. Fl. Jan—April; deep rosy-pink or pale purplish.

Endemic.

A beautiful plant, the flowers nearly as large as those of S. Gardnerz.

7 S. Gardneri, 7iw. Enum. 107 (1859).

Boom lL e..496), GC. P2623.

Bio, tad i. 532, Bedds lexind; Or ta208:

Stem 1-14 ft. high, woody below, very slightly branched,
densely covered with short, dark red, glandular hairs; 1. #-14
in., very shortly stalked, broadly ovate, rounded or subcordate
at the equal base, acute or obtuse at apex, finely spinous-
serrate, hairy on both sides, paler beneath, 5- or 7-nerved ;
raceme lax, glandular-hairy, fl. very large, over I in., cal.
glandular-hairy ; anth. shortly acuminate, not beaked; cap-
sule 2 in., broadly ovoid, faintly ribbed, glandular-pubescent.

Var. B, firma, Thw. ex Triana, l.c. 75 (sp.). C. P. 3873.

L. under } in., crowded and overlapping, quite sessile; fl.
smaller, fruit not seen.

Montane zone at about 5000 ft.; very rare. On the southern slope of

Horton Plains near Galagama, first found by Gardner. Var. 6, on
Wattekelle Hill; on Adam’s Peak. Fl. Feb., March; dark pink.
Endemic.

This and S. Azrsutula have the largest flowers of the Ceylon species.
Very distinct by its capsule. A plant from Dumbanagala Hill, Rangala,
seems to be this, but is not in fl. or fruit.

206 Melastomacee. [ Sonerdla..

8. S. robusta, Arn. in Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 308 (1836).

Thw. Enum. 107. C. P. 426.*

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 533 (including S. Harveyz).

Stem arising from a short rootstock with thick fleshy
scales, 1-2 ft. high, branched above, shaggy with long,
spreading, stiff, rufous hair; 1. numerous, closely placed, often
overlapping, 4-1 in., very shortly stalked or nearly sessile,
broadly oval, rounded or subcordate at equal base, obtuse,
finely serrate-ciliate, rufous-hairy above with long hairs,
glaucous with scattered hairs beneath, strongly 5-nerved,
often with two other fainter ones; raceme short, subumbellate,
with long rufous hair; fl. rather large, under 1 in., anth. long-
acuminate, capsule campanulate, strongly muriculated.

Var. B, glabricaulis, 7hw. iz Fl. B. Ind.\.c. C. P. 3955.

More slender, stems glabrous; 1. more rotundate, quite
glabrous beneath, conspicuously 7-nerved, fl. smaller.

Var. y Harveyi.t S. Harveyz, Thw. Enum. 107. S. Hartwegz,
Triana, |. c. (errore typogr.) C. P. 2974.

As in var. (3, but anth. short, apiculate or somewhat

acuminate.

Upper montane zone ; veryrare. Only found on Adam’s Peak, where
it is abundant near the base of the cone. Var. 8, Bopatalawa. Var. y,
between Maturata and Ramboda, near Palagala at about 6000 ft. FI.
March and October; bright pink, calyx purple.

Endemic.

The type has some resemblance to 5S. Hookeriana, from which its.
sessile leaves readily distinguish it. The remarkable scaly rootstock, in
appearance like that of Lathrea, does not seem to be always present.
Triana combines glabricaulis with S. ‘Hartwegi’ (= Harveyz), and they
are scarcely distinguishable.

9g. S. lanceolata, 7iw. Enum. 107 (1859).

C, IP, Aeoy-

lS Balnd si 535-)) bedd. le) IndVOr t 200:

Stems 2-4 ft. with divaricate branches, quadrangular, quite
glabrous ; 1. large, 2-34 in., sessile, or very nearly so, narrowly
lanceolate, more or less cordate at base, attenuate and sub-
acute at apex, faintly serrate in upper part, perfectly glabrous
on both sides, 3-nerved ; fl. large, about I in., racemes long-
stalked ; cal. glabrous, segm. triangular, acute, anth. acuminate,
not rostrate ; capsule over } in., long-funnel-shaped, glabrous,
with broad thick ribs.

* Some of C. P. 426 is said in FI. B. Ind. to be S. Hookeriana.

+ Commemorates W. H. Harvey, Professor of Botany in Dublin
University, and a distinguished Algologist. He spent three months in
Ceylon in 1853 on his way to Australia, and was with Thwaites when
this plant was gathered.

Sonerila.] Melastomacee. DOV

Moist low country; very rare. Karawita Kande; Kukul Korale;
Panadure. Fl. March and September; rose-coloured.

Endemic.

A handsome large plant, suitable for cultivation; very unlike the

other species.

10. S. pilosula, 7iw. Enum. 108.

Gosn. Ic. 506. C. P.. 2687.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 534.

Stem 6-12 in. high, with subterete pubescent branches ;
], large, 2-34in., ovate-lanceolate, very unequal-sided at base,
acuminate, obtuse, serrate, pubescent on both sides, flaccid,
often purple beneath, 7-9-nerved, the lat. nerves coming off
from the midrib above the base (and thus penninerved),
petiole long, hairy; fl. about #in., cal. hairy; anth. long, acu-
minate; capsule funnel-shaped, muriculate.

Moist low country; very rare. Only found at Palabadala, Kuruwita
Korale. Fl. March; dark rose-coloured.

Endemic.
The only Ceylon species with penninerved leaves except S. Jedunculosa.

11. S. linearis, Hook. f. ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76

(1871).
S. Guneratnez,* Trim. in Journ. Bot. xxii. 208; Cogn. l.c. 498. C. P.

o12.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 536 (not given for Ceylon).

Stems erect, 12-15 in. high, woody below, cylindrical, with
very numerous weak, slender, spreading branches, quadran-
gular, quite glabrous, purplish red; 1. apparently in whorls of
4, sub-sessile, $—? in., linear-strap-shaped, tapering at base,
obtuse at apex, entire below, with a few distant sharp serra-
tions in upper third, glabrous, thick, pale beneath, with very
prominent midrib, no side nerves; fl. in smaJl very short
recemes or solitary, about in, diam., ped. slender, glabrous,
segm. fleshy, oblong-oval, obtuse; anth. acuminate but not
rostrate; capsule small, under }in., funnel-shaped, much
tapering at base, quite glabrous, strongly ribbed.

Moist low country; very rare. Near Hewesse, Pasdun Korale (1878),
ee Kande, Kukul Korale (1891). Fl. August, Sept.; bright mauve-

Ink,
e Also in Burma.

The apparently whorled leaves consist of 2 pairs very closely inserted
and decussate. When describing this in 1885 I had not had an oppor-
tunity of comparing it with S./zearés. Since examining Lobb’s specimens
in Herb. Kew from Moulmein, I am, however, convinced it is the same
species. Cogniaux, however, maintains it as separate.

* Commemorates Don Seman de Silva Guneratne, for many years
plant-collector for the Peradeniya Botanic Gardens, and the discoverer of

many novelties. He died in 1886.

208 Melastomacee. [Medinilla.

12. S. pedunculosa, 7iw. Enum. 109 (1859).

Cognmincw403)) C2 P= 3001,

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 531.

Stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes, with long inter-
nodes, glabrous ; 1. 14-2} in., broadly ovate, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, obtuse or rounded at apex, finely crenate-
serrate, with numerous scattered coarse hairs above, nearly
glabrous beneath, penninerved, flaccid, often purplish beneath;
racemes small, at end of long, erect, slightly glandular-pilose
peduncles terminating short axillary branches; fl. small, $ in.
diam.; cal. with scattered glandular hairs ; anth. short, acute;
capsule small, under % in., turbinate, smooth, faintly ribbed.

Moist low country below Iooo ft.; rare. Hiniduma; Mapalagama;
Pasdun Korale. FI. Aug., Sept.; pinkish-violet.

Also in Travancore.

In a young state the leaves are crowded, and form a sort of rosette
on the ground, and the peduncles look like scapes.

[Marumia zeylanica, Bl.,is said to have been sent from Ceylon by
Koenig and Van Royen. If so, the plant must have been cultivated here,
but it is more probable that the specimens were collected at Malacca
or in Java.]

5. MEDINILGA, Gaud.

Epiphytic shrubs, 1. opp., fleshy, 3- or 5-nerved, fi. few,
axillary; cal.-tube campanulate, adnate to ov., fleshy, limb
produced, segm. 4, obscure; pet. 4; stam. 8, equal, anth. with
two short projections at base and a short spur behind ; ov.
inferior, 4-celled, with numerous ovules, style simple; fruit
soft, crowned with cal.-limb.; seeds numerous, ovoid.—Sp. 100
(Cogniaux); 11 in FZ B. Ind. :

Branches cylindrical, |. 5-nerved . ‘ 4 . 1. M. FUCHSIOIDES.
Branches quadrangular, |. 3-nerved : : . 2. M. MACULATA.

1. NM. fuchsioides, Gardun.in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 12 (1847).

Thw. Enum. 106. C. P. 138.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 548.

An epiphytic shrub, dichotomously branched, branches
stout, cylindrical, marked with leaf-scars, bark smooth, greyish
white ; 1. 2-3 in., rhomboid-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends,
but rounded at the actual base, obtuse or subacute at apex,
glabrous, paler and with very minute scattered glands be-
neath, 5-nerved, the marginal pair faint, the others strongly
marked, petiole very short, stout, crimson; fl. rather large,
#in. long, solitary or 2 or 3 on a common peduncle, from
axils of fallen 1., pendulous, ped. as long as cal., much thick-

Memecylon.] Melastomacee. 209

ened beneath fl, buds pointed; cal.-tube glabrous, segm.
small, tooth-like; pet. erect, much imbricate, rotundate ;
anth. acute; fruit about }in., subglobose, dark purple.

On trees in the upper montane zone; rather rare. Nuwara Eliya;
Horton Plains; Hakgala. Fl. Feb.; bright purplish-pink.

Endemic.

2. IM. maculata, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 13 (1847).
[PLATE XL.]

Thw. Enum. 106. C. P. 1578.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 548.

An epiphytic shrub with a climbing stem, very thick at
base, branches opposite, very numerous, quadrangular, the
angles often with a narrow undulated wing, bark grey, on
young shoots purplish; |. 1-2 in., variable, more or less oval,
rounded or subcordate at base, obtuse, rounded or emargi-
nate at apex, shallowly crenate, glabrous, dark green with
purple blotches above, paler and with very minute glandular
hairs beneath, somewhat fleshy, 3-nerved, petiole very short ;
fi. small, arranged as in last; cal.-tube urceolate, glabrous,
limb spreading, almost truncate, fleshy ; pet. reflexed ; fruit
small, under 4 in., subglobose, truncate, red.

Var. 6B, cuneata, 7hiw. Enum. l.c. Var. Thwattestz, Clarke in
Fl. B. Ind. C. P. 3443.

L. larger, 2-3 in. rotundate, tapering to a long cuneate
base, abruptly and shortly acuminate or retuse; fl. and fruit
not seen.

Epiphytic on trees in lower montane zone; rathercommon. Hantane;
Ambagamuwa; Ramboda; Matale; Hunasgiriya; Knuckles. Var. £,
moist low country; very rare. Hewesse, Pasdun Korale. Fl. Nov.;
pale pink.

Endemic.

Has much the appearance of a Loranthus. Var. B is very little known,
and perhaps a different species.

6. MEMECYLON,* Z.

Shrubs or trees, |. opp., entire, glabrous; fl. small, in
axillary simple or compound umbellate cymes; cal.-tube
campanulate, adnate to ov., limb more or less dilated, segm. 4,
often ill-defined; pet. 4; stam. 8, equal, anth. short, opening
by slits, connective produced into a large horn below; ov.
quite inferior, 1-celled, surmounted by a depressed epigynous
disk usually marked with 8 radiating ridges, style simple,

* The Greek name for the fruit of the Avdutus. It is not evident why
Linnzus applied it to our ‘ Wélikaha’ (1. capztellatum).

PART II. te

DO) Melastomaceez. [Memecylon.

ovules 8-16, on a free central placenta; fruit a small dry
berry, more or less globose, crowned with cal.-limb, 1-seeded ;
seed large, with a shell-like testa, cotyledons much folded, no
endosperm.—Sp. 126 (Cogniaux); 4o in FZ. B. Ind.

This is one of the most difficult genera in our flora. There are
probably too many species in the following enumeration, and I had hoped
to materially reduce them on a critical revision. This, however, I find it
impossible to do on any satisfactory principle, and the plan followed in
Fl. B. Ind. of placing a number as varieties of JZ. ede in no way simpli-
fies matters. I find Thwaites’ method of grouping the Ceylon species
much better than more recent ones, and have followed ithere. Many of
the forms he collected I have not met with alive, and they are still
represented only by the C. P. specimens and drawings.

I have also several apparently undescribed species, but hesitate to
publish further names in this genus.

Leaves prominently 3-nerved.
Twigs cylindrical E 5 5 . I. M. ARNOTTIANA.
Twigs quadrangular . 2. M. GARDNERI.
Leaves penninerved, sometimes slightly
3-nerved at base.
Epigynous disk smooth or with radiating
ridges which are not winged.
Twigs usually 4-winged.
L. over 8 in., veins very conspicuous 3. M. HOOKERI.
M

L. under 4 in., veins obscure . 2 4- Vi \WitGHaDir
Twigs 4-angled.

Pander. ; , : . 5. M. PARVIFOLIUM.

L. over I in.

L. acute at base, cymes stalked.

L. thick, cymes dense 6. M. VARIANS.
L. thin, cymes few-flowered 7. M. ELEGANTULUM.
L. obtuse at base, cymes sessile. 8. M. ELLIPTICUM.

Twigs cylindrical (occasionally sub-
quadrangular).
L. cordate at base (see also vars.
of 3 and 4).
L. over 6 in., lanceolate-oblong 9. M. MACROPHYLLUM.
L. under 4 in., rotundate.
L. revolute at margin.

Cymes sessile . i . Io. M. OVOIDEUM.
Cymes pedunculate . . 1. M. REVOLUTUM.
L. not revolute . : . 12. M. ORBICULARE.
L. not cordate.
L. over I in.

L. rounded at base, over6in. 13. M. PROCERUM.
L. acute or tapering at base
(sometimes rounded in 15).
L. rounded or obtuse at apex.
L. obovate, sessile. . 14. M. CUNEATUM.
L. oval, shortly stalked. 15. M. UMBELLATUM.

Memecylon.| Melastomacee. 211

L. acuminate or caudate.
L. over 4 in., fruit yellow.

L. lanceolate, thin . 16. M. CLARKEaNUM.
L. narrowly linear-
lanceolate thick . 17. M. DISCOLOR.

L. under 3 in., fruit purple.
L. ovate or oval.
Ped.with 2 bractlets
beneath fl. . . 18. M. FUSCESCENS.
Ped. without bretlts. 19. M. ROSTRATUM.
L. linear or lanceolate-
line arene : . 20. M
L. under 3 in., very crowded
and numerous . ; S Big WML
Epigynous disk with the ridges strongly
winged (except sometimes in 26).
Twigs quadrangular.

. ANGUSTIFOLIUM.

. PHYLLANTHIFOLIUM.

L. over 3 in., fl. blue : : . 22. M. RHINOPHYLLUM.
L. under 3 in, fl. white . : . 23. M. LEUCANTHUM.
Twigs cylindrical.
Fruit 2in. diam. . F : . 24. M. MACROCARPUM.
Fruit under 2 in. diam.
L. not 3-nerved at base, fl. stalked.
Fl. large, buds pointed . . 25. M. LEVIGATUM. ~-
Fl. small, buds globose . . 26. M. GRANDE.
L. 3-nerved at base, fl. sessile . 27. M. CAPITELLATUM.

1. M. Arnottianum, Wight in Thw. Enum. 113 (1859).

Eugenia (?) capitellata, Arn. Pug. 17. C. P. 1589.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 553.

A small bush, bark pale brown, smooth, branchlets slender,
cylindrical; 1. 14-2 in., ovate-oval, subacute or rounded at
base, long-caudate-acuminate, obtuse at apex, pale beneath,
conspicuously 3-nerved, purplish when young, petiole very
short ; fl. very small, sessile, solitary or very few at apex of
slender, erect, axillary peduncles #?-1 in. long; cal.-segm.
large, triangular, acute; fruit about }in., globular, blue-black.

Forests of moist low country ; rather rare. Pasdun Korale; Pelawatte,
abundant ; Gilimale; Mapalagama. Fl. December-May; white.

Endemic.

The specimens from Gilimale have much larger leaves, 3-4 in. (var.
grandifolia, Cogn. Mon. 1133).

Called ‘ Pinibaru’ in Pasdun Korale, the name properly of Zugenza
Moonii, which it somewhat resembles.

2. M. Gardneri, 7iw. Enum. 113 (1859).

M. Thwaitesiiz, Cogn. Mon. 1134. C. P. 2387.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 553.

A small tree, bark yellowish-grey, smooth, branches much
thickened at nodes, twigs quadrangular, slightly winged at
angles ; |. 14-24 in., very shortly stalked or subsessile, usually
broadly oval, but sometimes rhomboid-lanceolate or rotundate,

2P Melastomacee. [Memecylon.

narrowed to base, usually shortly acuminate, obtuse, thick,
pellucid-punctate, very prominently 3-nerved; fl. very small,
sessile, few, in axillary fascicles, peduncle very short or 0;
cal.-tube campanulate, segm. broad; pet. oval, distant, disk
without radiating ridges; fruit + in., purplish-black.

Moist region, principally in the lower montane zone, but going down
to 2000 ft.; rather rare. Dimbula; Maskeliya; Ambagamuwa; near
Ratnapura. Fl. Jan.-April; white.

Endemic.

Cogniaux distinguishes his @. Thwazteszz by broader and more obtuse
leaves, more coriaceous and drying of a pale colour, which characters
appear to indicate the form at the higher elevations.

3. M. Hookeri, 7iw. Enum. 113 (1859). Wevitiya-kéra, 5.

(var. £).
CocnmiNeniia7. GP 2680:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 554.

A large shrub, 6-12 ft. slightly branched, bark grey,
flaking off in square pieces, branchlets stout, strongly 4-angled
with narrow wings on the angles; |. very large, 8-12 in,
sessile, cordate at base, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to
acuminate subacute apex, penninerved, veins very prominent
beneath, lat. ones numerous, joining a very strong intra-
marginal one at some distance from the edge; fl. rather large
(for genus), numerous, ped. slender, twice as long as cal., sur-
rounded at base with a little involucre of acute white bractlets
and brown hair-like scales, very densely crowded in large
axillary clusters on the old wood, buds sharp-pointed ; cal.-
segm. broadly oval, acute; fruit large, 2 in. blackish-purple.

Var. 3, exalatum, 771m. Syst. Cat. Ceyl. 35. C. P. 2686.*

Branchlets perfectly cylindrical, not winged; ped. rather
shorter.

Moist low country; rare. By streams in Ambagamuwa at 1000 ft.
Var. 8 about Colmobo; common. FI. July-November; purplish-blue,
buds pink.

Endemic.

Clarke refers var. 6 to 17. macrophyllum, but the texture and venation
of the leaves are entirely different in that species.

4. M. Wightii, Zw. Enum. 113 (1859).

M. depressum, Benth., Triana, l.c. 158. Cogn. 1.c. 1145. C. P. 2570.

ID) 1835 Wawel, we SiS

A small tree, branchlets slender, quadrangular, winged,
the wings broader beneath each node; |. 24-44 in., sessile, or
very nearly so, cordate at base, lanceolate-oblong, tapering
to acuminate obtuse apex, margin more or less revolute,
thick, shining above, penninerved, lat. veins obscure; fl. on

Memecylon.] Melastomacee. oe

slender ped. crowded in fascicles on axillary tubercles usually
on the old wood, no peduncle; cal.-limb nearly truncate ;
disk without rays; fruit small and conspicuously crowned
with cal.-limb.

Var. 6, cylindricum, 777. Wight, Ic. t. 279 (AZ. amplexicaule).

Branchlets quite cylindrical, not winged.

Lower montane zone; rather rare. Hewaheta; Maturata; Uda
Pusselawe. Var. 6, Central Prov. (Thwaites). Fl. March and September;
bluish-white.

Also in S. India.

Var. 8 appears to be precisely Wight’s JZ. amplexicaule, which,
according to FJ. B. Ind., p. 559, is a distinct species. If that work be
correct in saying that this is also JZ. amplexicaule of Roxburgh, that
name should take precedence.

5. M. parvifolium, 7/w. Enum. 113 (1859).

M. varians, var. parvifolium, Trim. Syst. Cat. Ceyl. 35. C. P. 2955,

8.
fs Fl. B. Ind. ii. 556.
A small tree, sometimes reaching 30 ft., with very numerous
branchlets and grey finely cracked bark, twigs quadrangular;
|. 3-1 in., broadly oval or obovate-oval, tapering to base,
obtuse or rounded at apex, not at all acuminate, coriaceous,
quite veinless (except midrib), with a very narrow cartilaginous
margin, dark green and shining above, pale and dull beneath,
petiole short but distinct; fl. few, small, ped. about as long
as cal.-tube, cymes very small, nearly sessile ; cal.-tube short,
limb spreading, cup-shaped, segm. broad, shallow, acute; rays
of disk very indistinct; fruit about 4 in., tipped with very
small cal.-limb, black.

Forests of the upper montane zone; rather common. F]. May; white.

Endemic.

This is combined with JZ, varzans in F1. B. Ind., but seems distinct.
Thwaites (I. c. 416) distinguishes C. P. 758 (from Ramboda) as a large-
leafed form (17. Thomsoni, Thw. ms.) = var. Thomsonz, Triana.

Much resembles some of the small-leaved montane Eugenias; the
young foliage also, as in them, is red. Wood yellow, hard, heavy.

6. M. varians, 7iw. Enum. 112 (1859).

Cogn. Lc. 1164. C. P. 2927.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 556 (in part).

A small tree, much branched, twigs quadrangular, slender;
|, 2-34 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute or tapering at base, more or
less caudate-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, dull not
shining, rather thick, veins very obscure, petiole very short ;
fl. nearly sessile, in small axillary heads, peduncles very short ;

2A: Melastomacec. [Wemecylon.

cal.-limb shallow, truncate, disk-rays distinct; fruit 4 in.,
capped with small cal.-rim.

Var. 8, rotundatum, 7iw./.c. M. rotundatum, Cogn. |. c. 1164.
CHESZO50:

L. sma.ler, I-2in., obtuse at both ends, often revolute at
margin.

Lower montane zone, and extending downwards to 2000 ft.; apparently
rather common. Var. 68 at the higher elevations. Fl. April and Sep-
tember; pale blue or white.

Endemic (?).

I do not well understand this species, and follow Thwaites in dividing
it into two varieties which seem distinct; Cogniaux separates them
as species. Both often have the branchlets cylindrical, except at the
summit of the internodes. The leaves turn a pale bright greenish-orange
when dried.

7. M. elegantulum, 7/w. Enum. 112 (1859).

C. P. 2684.

PIS Being sis 55:

Branchlets very slender, elongated, quadrangular; 1. on
very short petioles, 2-3in., ovate-lanceolate, acute at base,
with a long caudate acute apex, $—-?in. long, thin, shining
above, the veins obscure ; fl. very few or solitary, small, sessile,
at end of filiform axillary peduncle; fruit pendulous, some-
what ovoid, purple.

Moist low country; very rare. Karawita Kande; Gilimale. Fl. May;
white (?).

Endemic.

I have very scanty specimens of this plant.

8. M. ellipticum, 7/w. Enum. 112 (1859).
Cogn lic 1160 ENP 3470:
EBs ind yiis56:

A small tree, twigs slender, quadrangular; 1. oval or
oblong-lanceolate, 24-3 in., slightly rounded at base, suddenly
caudate, with a narrow obtuse tail 3 in. long, veins incon-
spicuous, petiole very short ; fl. on short ped., clusters small,
often in axils of fallen 1., sessile ; cal. nearly truncate, shallow;
disk-rays very obscure ; fruit not seen.

Moist low country; very rare. Singhe Raja Forest only. FI. Sept.;
white.

Endemic.

I have seen none but the C. P. specimens. C. P. 1557 referred to
this by Clarke, and Cogniaux I have not seen. Thwaites considered it
the same as C. P. 1561 (see WZ. umbellatum).

9. M.macrophyllum, 7iw. Enum. 111 (i859).
Cosi, Ib CG Live, (Cs ik, Delos.
PBs Inds 5505

Memecyton.] Melastomacee. 215

A small tree, branches thickened at nodes, twigs stout,
cylindrical ; 1. very large, 6-12 in., narrowly lanceolate-oblong,
very nearly sessile, more or less cordate or rounded at base,
acuminate, acute, veins indistinct; fl. on very short ped. in
dense axillary sessile clusters on the old wood; disk not
rayed ; fruit rather over } in., crowned with wide but shallow
cal.-rim.

Moist low country; rather rare. Hewesse; Gangolla. Fl. white or
very pale blue.

Endemic.
Very like JZ. Wightzz, but the leaves much larger.

10. M.ovoideum, 7iw. Enum. 112 (1859).

GP. 2621.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 556 (in part).

A small tree with grey bark, twigs thick, cylindrical ; 1.
large, 24-4 in., nearly sessile, oval-rotundate, often retuse at
apex, margin often revolute, very coriaceous, pale beneath,
veins inconspicuous; fl. rather large, on very short ped.,
fascicles sessile, crowded, axillary, on old wood; disk without
rays; fruit 4-3 in. by 2 wide, ovoid, purple.

Montane zone; very rare. Ambagamuwa district; Dimbula. FI.
Feb., March.

Endemic.

Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. appears to combine the very different AZ. #acro-
carpum with this, in which he is followed by Cogniaux; but the former
quotes for ovozdewm C. P. 2622 (which is Lugenia cordifolia), and says
also that it is JZ. revolutum, so that the whole is of doubtful meaning.

11. M. revolutum, 7/w. Enum. 111 (1859).

Gera, tb c.1147.. C. P. 29075.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 560.

A small tree with thick branches, twigs stout, cylindrical ;
|. 2-3 in., nearly sessile, rotundate, subcordate at base, very
obtuse, much revolute at sides and apex, coriaceous, somewhat
bullate, lat.-veins few, coarse, rather conspicuous beneath ;
fl. small, ped. twice as long as cal., in rather large peduncu-
late panicles from axils of fallen 1.; cal.-limb expanded, segm.
broad, acute; disk with faint rays; fruit about 3in., clobose,
purplish-black.

Montane zone, apparently very rare. Palagala, near Ramboda, at
about 5000 ft., is the locality of the C. P. specimens. Fl. Sept.; white.

Endemic.

C. P. 751, from Ambagamuwa district, appears to be also this species,
which has, doubtless, been overlooked from its foliage closely resembling
several other montane trees.

12. M. orbiculare, 7/w. Enum. 112 (1859).
Cogn. lc, 1163. C. P. 3441.
Fl. B. Ind. ii, 112.

216 Melastomacee. [Wemecylon.

A small tree, twigs cylindrical; 1. sessile or nearly so,
14-2 in., orbicular, often rather wider than long, subcordate
at base, retuse, occasionally very obscurely acuminate, paler
beneath, veins inconspicuous; fl. in dense axillary fascicles,
ped. equalling cal., peduncle very short or none; disk not
rayed ; fruit under }in.

Moist low country; very rare. Only found on Kalabowitiya Kande,

Hiniduma Pattu. Fl. April; bright blue.
Endemic.

13. IM. procerum, 7iw. Enum. 415 (1864).
Goons lice iis t= |G. P3347.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 556

A moderate-sized tree, 30-40 ft., twigs cylindrical ; 1. very
large, 6-10 in., ovate or lanceolate-ovate, rounded at base,
gradually acuminate, pale beneath, petiole 2in., stout, chan-
nelled above; fl. (not seen) nearly sessile, with large bracts,
cymes sessile; disk (in fruit) faintly rayed; fruit large, 2in.,
crowned with large erect cal.-limb.

Moist low country; rare. Kalutara; Leenakande, Pasdun Korale.
Endemic.

14. ME. cuneatum, 7/w. Enum. 112 (1859).

Cogn 116250 Cy Patz:

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 564 (JZ. edule, var. 7).

A small tree, much branched, branchlets thickened at
nodes, twigs cylindrical or sub-quadrangular; 1. 14-2 in.,
sessile or very shortly stalked, from obovate-oblong to almost
rotundate, tapering to cuneate base, rounded at apex, coriace-
ous, veins invisible; fl. small, ped. shorter than cal., cymes
sessile in axils on old wood, buds acutely pointed ; disk with-
out rays ; fruit tin.

Lower montane zone; rare. Maturata; Mattettugama. FI. August;
purplish-white.

Endemic.

15. WZ. umbellatum, Survm.f. Fl. /nd. 87 (1768). Kora-kaha,
S. Kaya, Kurrekaya, Pandikaya, 7.

Herm. Mus. 4o. Burm. Thes. 76. Samara leta, L. Mant. ii.; Moon
Cat. 11. MW. ramiflorum, Lam. Enc. Meth. iv. 88. Thw. Enum, 111.
C. P. 764, 1561, 1562.

F. B. Ind. i. 563 (JZ. edule, vars. 1 and2?). Burm. Thes.t. 31. Wight,
Ill. t. 93 (AZ. ténctorium).

A large bush with many branches, twigs cylindrical; 1.
14-24 in., oval or ovate-oval or oblong-oval, acute (rarely

rounded) at base. often slightly acuminate, obtuse at apex,
dull not shining, lat. veins almost invisible (in fresh speci-

Memecylon.] Melastomacee. 217

mens), the intramarginal ones joining the midrib at base and
giving a slightly 3-nerved appearance, petiole under +}in.; f1.
small, numerous, on slender ped. as long as or longer than
cal.. cymes umbellate, sessile or on a very short peduncle,
copious, closely placed in axils of fallen 1. on the old wood,
buds pyriform-globular, blunt ; cal. rather shallowly campanu-
late, puberulous, segm. broadly triangular, acute, a little shorter
than tube; disk quite without or with very faint rays; pet.
small, distant, reflexed; fruit 4 in., with inconspicuous cal.-limb.

Var. 8, Thwaitesii, Clarke, /. c. (MW. edule, var. 10). M. urceolatum,
Coens) c.2156: ~C. P. 387.

L. 3-4in., acuminate, obtuse; cal. large, glabrous, tube
deeply campanulate, segm. very acute, not half as long as
tube.

Var. y, rubro-czruleum, Clarke, /. c. (WV. edule, var. 6). M.rubro-
ceruleum, Thw. Enum. 415. C. P. 3809.

A small tree of 20ft.; 1. tapering to base, lat. veins quite
invisible ; peduncle about +in.; cal.-limb longer, nearly trun-
cate.

Low country in both moist and dry regions; common. Var. 6 only
at Haldummulla. Fl. March-September; brilliant blue (cal. red in
var. 7).

Also in S. India.

A very attractive shrub when in flower, from the quantity of brilliant
bosses of flowers along the whole length of the branches. Var. 6 looks
distinct, but I suspect the enlarged cal. is really due to hypertrophy from
the attacks of some insect.

There is no specimen or drawing in Hermann’s Herb., so that Linnzeus
had only Burman’s figure to go upon. This is excellent; but in the
separate flower only 4 stamens are shown. Hence Linnzus’s genus,
Samara, based wholly on that figure. Burm. f.’s name was published
without description; if it be set aside on that account, JZ. ramzflorum,
Lam. (1796) takes its place. I donot know what relation JZ. edule, Roxb.
(1795), bears to it, though Roxburgh quotes Burman’s figure, and both
Clarke and Cogniaux make it the same (see under No. 26).

Wood whitish, smooth, rather light. The leaves and young shoots
afford a yellow dye, chiefly used for colouring mats.

16. M. Clarkeanum, Cogn. Mon. Melast. 1141 (1891).
M. jambosoides, Thw. Enum, 112 (non Wight) part. C. P. 2468.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 560 (7, Heyneanum, var. latifolia).

A small tree, twigs elongated, cylindrical ; 1. large, 4-7 in.,
long-lanceolate, much tapering at base, acuminate, acute at
apex, thin, veins fine, inconspicuous, petiole very short or
none; fl. sessile or nearly so, cymes sessile, small, buds
pointed; cal. shallow, truncate, disk not rayed, fruit 4 in.,
yellow.

218 Melastomacee. [Memecylon.

Moist country; rare. Deltota; Ambagamuwa; Maskeliya. FI.
Sept.; white.

Endemic.

Cogniaux keeps 17. Heyneanum, Benth. (M. jambosoides, Wight, Ic. t.
277), of S. India, as a distinct species from our Ceylon one.

17. M. discolor, Cogn. Mon. Melast. 1149 (1891).

M. jambosoides, Thw. Enum. 112 (non Wight) part. C. P. 1555.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 560 (AZ. Heyneanum, var. angustifolia).

A small tree, branchlets elongated, thickened at nodes,
twigs cylindrical; 1. large, 5—7 in., narrowly linear-lanceolate,
tapering to base, very long-acuminate, acute at apex, thick,
midrib very prominent beneath, lat. veins almost invisible
(when dried, upper surface rich brown, under surface light
golden greenish-yellow), petiole very short, stout ; fl. on very
short ped., cymes sessile, buds pointed; cal. nearly truncate ;
pet. reflexed ; fruit nearly 4 in., yellow.

Moist low country; very rare. Ambagamuwa; Palabadala, Kuru-
wita Korale. Fl. Sept.; white with pink calyx.

Also in S. India.

I have seen only leaves of this, but there are good drawings of the
flowers and fruit. It is, though very different in appearance when ary,

probably not distinct from JZ. Clarkeanum, but I have seen no fresh
specimens.

18. IM. fuscescens. 7hw. Enum. 111 (1859).

Coon, esii40) 2@ P2387,

PBS indie 262:

A bush, branchlets slender, twigs cylindrical or sub-
quadrangular; |. 2i-2#in., nearly sessile, ovate, acute at base,
suddenly caudate-acuminate with a tail 4—# in. long, sub-
acute at apex, membranous, shining above, veins inconspicu-
ous; fl. few, ped. short, slender, with two bractlets at summit,
cymes sessile, very small; cal.-segm, acute, disk not rayed ;
fruit large, over 2 in.

Moist low country; rare. Kukul Korale, abundant; Lihinigalla,
Pasdun Korale. Fl. Aug., Sept.

Endemic.

Clarke and Cogniaux give C. P. 2926 for this, which I have not seen.

19. M.rostratum, 7iw. Enum. 111 (1859). KMurétiya, Hin-
kurétiya, 5.

Cognac mi6oN ne Ps 1560;

HIN B: Inds i. 262:

A small tree, branchlets very numerous, ascending, twigs
compressed or sub-quadrangular, very slender; I. small,
(4-23 in., lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, tapering to base, cau-
date-acuminate, with a tail in. long, obtuse at apex, veins

faintly marked, petiole 3-{in.; fl. very small, ped. at least 3

Memecylon.] Melastomacee. 219

times as long as cal., slender, umbels on a short stout peduncle
in axils of both past and present I|., buds pointed; cal. shallow,
nearly truncate, disk distinctly rayed ; fruit small, ¢ in., glo-
bose.

Lower montane zone 3000-4000 ft.; rather common. Hantane;
Deltota; Medamahanuwara. Fl. May; very pale blue.

Endemic.

A fairly distinct species by its very small flowers in simple stalked
umbels. Wood yeliow, hard, smooth. I have it from the Pasdun Korale
under the name of ‘ Gal-pinibaru.’

20. M. angustifolium, Wighi, ///. i. 215 (1840).

Cogn. lc. 1157. Thw. Enum. 111. C. P. 1556, 3346.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 262. Wight, Ic. t. 276.

A small shrub, 6-8 ft., with many erect slender branches,
twigs sub-quadrangular; |. 2-3 in., linear or lanceolate-linear,
almost sessile, much tapering to base, caudate-acuminate or
rounded at apex, stiff, shining above, paler and dull beneath,
midrib depressed on upper surface, lat. veins invisible; fl. on
slender ped., 2 or 3 times as long as cal., umbellate or pani-
culate, peduncles under 4in., disk without rays; fruit small,
about + in., black-purple.

Low country in the beds of streams and banks of rivers up to 2000 ft.;
rather common. Sigiri (Gardner); Uma-oya; Ambagamuwa; Sabara-
gamuwa; Labugama; Knuckles (Ferguson). Fl. Feb.-July; bright
purplish-blue.

Also in Southern India.

C. P. 1556 (from Uma-oya) has obtuse non-acuminate |. and consider-
ably larger fl. in a larger compound pedunculate inflorescence.

21. M. phyllanthifolium, 7hw. ex Trianain Trans. Linn. Soc.
XXVili. 159 (name only) (1871).

Gorn ic: 1165. C. B. 3001.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 563.

An erect stiff shrub, with numerous erect nodular branches,
twigs cylindrical; |. very numerous, closely placed, small, under
4 in., nearly sessile, erect, rigid, linear-oblong, tapering to base,
rounded at apex, margin somewhat recurved, lat. veins in-
visible; fl. nearly sessile, very small, 2 or 3 together at summit
of very short peduncle, cal.-limb spreading, segm. acute; fruit
small, scarcely 4in., crowned with conspicuous cal.-limb.

Upper montane zone; very rare. Bogawantalawa at about 5000 ft.;
first collected in 1866. Fl. March.

Endemic.

Quite unlike the rest of the genus, with the habit of a shrubby
Phyllanthus.

22. M. rhinophyllum, 7/w. “num. 110 (1859).
Cogn. |. c. 1166. C. P. 2928.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 562.

220 Melastomacee. [Memecylon.

A small tree, twigs slender, quadrangular; 1. sessile or
very nearly, 3-41in., ovate-oval, very acute at base, long-acu-
minate, obtuse at apex, dull not shining, paler beneath, veins
invisible; fl. numerous, ped. twice as long as cal., slender, in
rather large umbellate-corymbose cymes on short flattened
peduncles; cal.-segm. broad, shallow; disk with winged rays ;
fruit ¢ in., purplish-black.

Moist low country to 3000 ft.; rather common. Ratnapura; Alagala;
Hantane. Fl. April; pale violet-blue.

Endemic.

Clarke, followed by Cogniaux, quotes for this C. P. 2572 in error;
that number is an Overonia.

23. M. leucanthum, 7/w. Exum. 110.

M. edule, var., Cogn. Mon. 1156. C. P. 1559.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 564 (47. edule, var. 6).

A small tree, twigs obscurely quadrangular ; |. 14-24 in.,
broadly oval to rotundate, acute at base, shortly acuminate,
obtuse at apex, lat. veins rather conspicuous beneath, petiole
very short; ped. as long as or longer than cal., divaricate,
cymes racemose-paniculate, lax; cal.-tube campanulate, segm.
short, erect, obtuse; pet. clawed, somewhat lacerate, strongly
reflexed, disk-rays distinctly winged; fruit small, under } in.,
crowned with large cal.-limb.

Lower montane zone; rather rare. Hantane; Watagoda; Dimbula.
Fl. April; pure white.

Endemic.

24. MZ. macrocarpum, 7/w. E7um. 110 (1859).

M. ovotdeum (non. Thw.), Cogn. 1. c. 1147. C. P. 2798.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 556 (with JZ. ovotdeum).

A small tree with straight erect trunk, branches thickened
at nodes, twigs stout, cylindrical; |. rather large, 3-4 in., ro-
tundate, acute at base, obtuse or rounded at apex, very thick
and coriaceous, margin slightly revolute, pale beneath, lat.
veins quite invisible, petiole very short and thick; fl. (not
seen) from large axillary bosses on the old wood, ped. short ;
fruit large, #in. or rather more, globose, suddenly contracted
at summit into a short neck, crowned by truncate cal.-limb.,
disk conspicuously winged.

Moist region; very rare. I have only seen the C. P. specimens from
Ambagamuwa, which are in fruit.

Endemic. A
A very distinct species, curiously confused with J/. ovozdeum.

25. M. levigatum, B87. Mus. Bot. i. 358 (1851).
M. sylvaticum, Thw. Enum. 110. C. P. 1558, 1567, 3302.
IIE 183, Teal, is Ou

Memecylon.] Melastomacee. 221

A small tree, twigs cylindrical; 1. 2}-5 in. sub-sessile,
broadly oval or ovate-oval, tapering to base, rather abruptly
acuminate, obtuse at apex, shining on both sides, pale be-
neath, coriaceous, veins inconspicuous; fl. large (for genus),
on very short thick ped. or nearly sessile, cymes small, crowded
in axils of fallen 1, peduncles usually very short, buds
large, pointed; cal.-limb cup-shaped, truncate, mealy-pubes-
cent outside, segm. obscure, disk-rays prominently winged ;
pet. broader than long, very obtuse, recurved; fruit about 4 in.,
often somewhat ovoid, crowned with truncate cal.-limb, dark
purple.

Forests from 2000-4000 ft. or higher; common. FI. Jan.-April; deep
violet-blue, cal. white or pink.

Also in Malay Peninsula and Islands.

Known from JZ. grande by its larger, nearly sessile flowers. Cogniaux
(1. c. 1150) keeps up Thwaites’ AZ. sylvaticum as distinct from JZ. leviga-

tum. At the higher elevations the leaves are smaller (13-23 in.) and
more coriaceous.

26. MZ. grande, fefz. Obs. Bot. iv. 26 (1786). Dodan-wenna,
Dedi-kaha, S.

M., edule, var. 8, Thw. Enum. 110. Cogn. 1.c.1153. C. P. 3442.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 557.

A large shrub or small tree with smooth grey bark, twigs
cylindrical; |. large, 4-6in., broadly oval or ovate-oval, acute
at base, caudate-acuminate, often twisted, obtuse at apex,
thick, dark green above, veins inconspicuous, petiole 4-4 in.;
ped. about as long as cal.; cymes large, often 2 in. lax,
paniculate, spreading, from axils of present and fallen 1.
peduncles 4~2 in., flattened, buds globose; cal.-limb truncate,
segm. obscure; disk-rays winged; fruit 2 in., crowned with
small erect cal.-limb, dark purple, rather juicy.

Var. 8, ovatum, Clarke (M. edule, var. 4). M. edule, Roxb., Moon
Cat. 32; Thw. Enum. I1o (vars. aand y). C. P. 1563, 1566.

L. smaller, 24-4 in., often somewhat oblong, less acute at
base and less acuminate; ped. a little longer, cymes smaller,
umbellate-corymbose, disk-rays usually winged (but some-
times not or even faintly marked), fruit smaller, 4} in.

Moist region in the low country, especially near the coast; rather
common. Fl. Sept.-April; pale purplish-blue; var. 8, darker.

Also in India and Malaya.

I follow Thwaites in combining these. The type of Retzius’ species
(from Koenig) in the British Museum is identical with C. P. 3442. As to
var. B, it may be Roxburgh’s . edule; but his figure (Cor. Pl. t. 82) is
unsatisfactory, and the description insufficient, and the name appears
to be now very vaguely applied. In Fl. B. Ind., for instance, all the
‘enormous mass’ of specimens in Kew Herb. that ‘appear difficult to

222 Lythracee.

separate ’ from it (including many fairly distinct species) are placed under
the name. On the whole, it seems safer not to employ it for any
Ceylon species. 7. Royenzz, Bl. Mus. Bot. i. 360, from Ceylon, probably
comes here.
Wood hard, strong, and rather heavy. The fruit is eaten when cooked.
The rays of the disk are sometimes quite inconspicuous in this species.

27. M. capitellatum, Z. S#. Pl. 349 (1753). Wéli-kaha,
Dodan-kaha, S. Kattikaya, Venkalikaya, Pavaddai-
kaya, 7. [PLATE XLI.)

Herm. Mus. 4. Burm. Thes. 76 Fl. Zeyl. n. 136. Moon Cat. 32.
Thw. Enum. 110. Cogn. 1.c. 1142. C. P. 1564.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 564 (WZ. edule, vars. 3 and 5). Burm. Thes. t. 30. Bedd.
Fl]. Sylv. t. 206, fig. A.

A shrub with brown bark, twigs cylindrical; 1. very shortly
stalked, oblong or slightly rhomboid-oval, acute at base, ob-
tuse at apex, sometimes slightly acuminate, thick, shining on ©
both sides, bright light green, paler beneath, lat. veins incon-
spicuous, the intramarginal one joining the midrib at base
and making it distinctly 3-nerved (very obvious when dry);
fil. rather large, quite sessile, few together in small heads at
ends of stiff peduncles 4-14 in. long, from axils of present
and fallen |.; cal. shallow, seem. conspicuous, fleshy, erect,
bluntly pointed, disk-rays strongly winged; fruit 2in. or a
little more, crowned with large cal.-segm., black purple when
quite ripe.

Low country up to 1000 ft. in both moist and dry regions; common,
especially in the northern forests. F]. May, June; violet-blue.

Endemic. (?)

This is the original type of the genus, the only species described by
Linneeus. JZ. ¢éuctorium, Koen. in Willd. Sp. Pl. 11. 347, is referred, as a
variety, to this by Blume, who has seen Kecenig’s specimen which was
collected at Galle. Clarke quotes for this Saszara /eta, Moon, which
belongs to MZ. umbellatum (No. 15).

One of our best-marked species, abundantly distinct from J. edule,
Roxb. (as a variety of which it is considered in FI. B. Ind.), and easily
recognised by the foliage alone. Wood hard, strong. The leaves turn
orange-yellow when dried; they afford a yellow dye.

LIV.—LYTHRACE/.

TREES, shrubs, or herbs, |. opp., entire, no stip., fl. regular,
bisexual, variously arranged ; cal. persistent, free or slightly
adnate to base of ov. (in Azzzandra completely adnate),
segm. 3-6; pet. 3-6 or 0; stam. double the number (rarely
equal to number) of pet., or indef., inserted on cal.-tube; ov.

Ammannia.| Lythracee. 228

superior (in A1zzandra inferior), 1-6-celled, with numerous (1 in
Axinandra) ovules in each cell, style simple; fruit a capsule,
often included in cal.-tube, variously dehiscent, rarely inde-
hiscent; seeds numerous, sometimes winged, embryo straight,
rarely bent, no endosperm.

HAeEDS) * . 5 : : : : : . I. AMMANNIA.
Shrubs or trees.
Stam. 12.
Capsule irregularly dehiscent . 2. WOODFORDIA.
Capsule eras Py. a oe 3. PEMPHIS.
Stam. 8 A 4. LAWSONIA.
Stam. indef.
Fruit a 6-valved capsule . : : : 5. LAGERSTREMIA.
Fruit fleshy, indehiscent . 6. SONNERATIA.
Stam. 10 (Azomalous Genus: ov. inferior) . 7. AXINANDRA.

Most of our 15 species are low-country plants; indeed, Woodfordia is
the only hill species. The Amsmannias are paddy-field weeds. Lawsonia
is confined to the dry region, and Lagerstremia and the anomalous
Axinandra to the moist. The Sozneratias inhabit mangrove-swamps,
and Pemphis is a seashore plant.

1. AMMANNIA, /.

Annual herbs, |. opp. (rarely alt.) or whorled, fl. small,
axillary; cal. more or less deeply campanulate, segm. 3-5,
often with intermediate teeth ; pet. 3-5 or 0, inserted between
cal.-segm.; stam. 2, 4, 5, or 8; ov. superior, 1—5-celled, the -
septa often becoming absorbed, ovules very numerous on
axile placentas; capsule membranous, enclosed in’ (though
free from) persistent cal., dehiscing by valves or irregularly
circumscissile, seeds minute, very numerous.—Sp. 30; 18 in
Fl. B. Ind.

F], solitary in axils alah:

Stam. 4. 1. A. PEPLOIDES.
Stam. 3. 2. A. ROTALA.
Stam. 5. : 3. A. PENTANDRA.
F]. in axillary cymes or clusters.
Stam. 4.
L. oblong-linear, obtuse 4. A. BACCIFERA,
L. oval, cordate at base ; ; 5. A, CORDATA.
it spathulate- oval, ig to base . 6. A. LANCEOLATA,
Stam. 8. ; ? 7. A. OCTANDRA.

A. peploides, Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 444 (1825).
Mipeletin indica, DC., Thw. Enum. 122. C. P. 1546.
FI. B, Ind. ii. 566. Wight, eet 257,
Stems 6-12 in., usually decumbent at base and rooting at
the lower nodes, with numerous ascending quadrangular

224 IL yth vacee. [Ammannia.

branches ; |. opp., on main stem and branches 4—? in. but on
floriferous branchlets very much smaller and bract-like, nearly
sessile, rounded at apex, spathulate-oval, narrowed at base,
glabrous, veins prominent beneath; fl. very small, solitary
in axils of the small 1., which are more or less approximated
so that the branchlets look like spikes, bracts 2, linear,
scarious; cal.-tube tubular, campanulate, glabrous, segm. 4,
narrowly triangular, very acute, intermediate teeth minute ;
pet. 4, very small or 0; stam. 4; capsule ovoid, somewhat
compressed, opening by 2 valves from the summit; seeds
very minute, oblong, chestnut brown.

Low country up to 3000 ft., in paddy-fields, tanks, and wet places;
very common. FI. all the year.

Throughout India and Malaya, China, Persia.
Has somewhat the habit and appearance of an Amarantacea.

2. A. Rotala, /. Muell. Fragm. iii. 108 (1863).

Rotala verticillaris, L., Thw. Enum. 122. C. P. 1547.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 567. Wight, Ic. t. 260, A (A. verticzllaris).

Stems 3-6in., often procumbent and rooting at very base,
then erect, slightly branched, glabrous, striate; 1. in whorls of
4-8, about }in., narrowly linear, truncate or bifid at apex,
1-nerved ; fl. sessile, solitary, whorled; cal.-tube tubular, very
thin, segm. 3, short, broadly triangular, acute; pet. 3 or 0;
stam. 3; ov. 3-celled; capsule ovoid, completely 3-valved.

Moist low country; rather common. FI. all the year.

Also in India, Australia, Trop. Africa.

Thwaites says this is ‘very abundant.’ I have not found it so in my
experience, but it is readily overlooked.

3. A. pentandra, fox. Fl. Ind. i. 425 (1832). ;
A. debtlis, Ait. Moon Cat. 11. Thw. Enum. 122. C. P. 1548.
Fl. B. Ind. il. 568. Wight, Ic. t. 260, A (Rotala Roxburghiana).

Stem stout, quadrangular, rooting at the base, 6-12 in.; with
numerous horizontal branches; |. opp., on the stem $4 in., but
on the branches much smaller and bract-like, sessile, oblong,
subacute; fl. sessile, solitary, bractlets subulate; cal. shortly
campanulate, segm. 5, triangular, very acute, intermediate
teeth long, subulate; pet. 5; stam. 5; capsule depressed-
globular, completely 3-valved; seeds hemispherical.

Low country in wet places; common. FI. all the year.
Throughout the Tropics of the Old World.

4. A. baccifera, Z. SZ. P/. 120 (1753).
Moon Cat, 11. A. zndica, DC., Thw. Enum. 121. C. P. 1542
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 569. Blume, Mus. Bot. ii. t. 46, A (A. ¢zdica).

Ammannia.] Lythrac Ce. 225

Stems 8—24 in., erect, quadrangular, glabrous, with nu-
merous horizontal or ascending branches from the very base,
eradually becoming shorter upwards so as to give the plant
a pyramidal form; 1. opp. (rarely alternate), on main stem
I-I? in. but smaller on branches, sessile, oblong-linear, much
tapering to base, obtuse at apex, flaccid; fl. shortly pedicellate,
in small loose cymes, forming whorls in the axils; cal. shortly
campanulate, segm. 4, broad, acute, intermediate teeth slightly
marked; pet.0; stam. 4 (or 2); capsule exceeding cal., de-
pressed-globose, red, irregularly circumscissile ; seeds plane-
convex, the plane face excavated.

Moist sandy ground in the low country, especially in the dry region

and near the coast; common. Fl. Jan.—April.
Throughout the Tropics of the Old World.

5. A. cordata, Wight and Arn. Prod. 304 (1834).

A. salicifolia, var. B, Thw. Enum. 121. C. P. 3296.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 570.

Stem 6-12 in., quadrangular, glabrous, branched from the
base; 1. 2-14 in., sessile, ovate-oval, cordate and somewhat
amplexicaul at base, with a narrow cartilaginous margin; fl.
very shortly pedicellate, in small opp. clusters; cal.-tube cam-
panulate, segm. 4, large, broadly triangular, acute, interme-
diate teeth conspicuous; pet. and stam. 4; capsule depressed-
globose, almost covered by the inflexed cal.-segm.

Dry country; rare. Batticaloa; Haragama. Fl. March—June.
Also in India.

6. A. lanceolata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2106 (1828).
A. salicifolia, Thw. Enum. 121 (non Monti). C. P. 2796.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 570.

Stem 3-9 in., slightly branched, quadrangular; |. 3-1 in.,
sessile, spathulate-oval, tapering to base; pet. 0; otherwise as
in A. cordata.

Low country; rather common. Kalutara; Uma-oya; Batticaloa.
Fl. March, April.

Also in Southern India.

This is described in Fl. B. Ind. as having petals considerably exceed-

ing the cal. Our specimens seem to have none.

7. A. octandra, L. /. Supp. Pl. 127 (1781).

Moon Cat. 11. Thw. Enum. 121. C. P. 2797.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 571. Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 133.

Stem 1-2 ft., erect, stiff, quadrangular, with numerous
and ascending branches; 1. on main stem 14-24 in. but
smaller on the branches, sessile, linear-lanceolate, auriculate
at base, much tapering to acute apex; fl. rather large, on very

PART II. Q

226 Lythracee. [ Woodfordia.

short ped., in threes at end of short scabrous peduncles; cal.
long-campanulate, quadrangular, the angles winged, segm. 4,
short; pet. 4, rotundate, spreading; stam. 8; capsule eranely
ovoid, enclosed in persistent 4-winged cal.

Dry region; rather common. Jaffna (Moon); Dambulla; Matale;
near Kurunegala. Fl. March, April; bright pink.

Also in S. India and Malaya.

Much the most showy of our species.

2. WOODFORDIA,* Saiisd.

A spreading shrub, 1. opp., fl. in copious axillary panicu-
late cymes; cal.-tube widely tubular, oblique at mouth, segm.
6; pet. very small, 6, inserted between cal.-segm.; stam. 12,
inserted at base of cal.-tube; ov. superior, enclosed in but free
from the campanulate base of cal.-tube, 2-celled, with very
numerous ovules; fruit a membranous capsule included in
cal.-tube, with very numerous seeds.—Monotypic.

W. floribunda, Sa/isb. Parad. Lond. t. 42 (1806). Malitta, S.
Grislea tomentosa, Willd., Moon Cat. 31. Thw. Enum. 122. C. P. 1552.
BEB wlnd si. 5723) skoxbs Cor) Plots sit bot. Macat 19a:

A straggling shrub, with many long arching branches,
bark cinnamon-brown, shredding off in fibres, shoots covered
with fine white pubescence, cylindrical; 1. sessile, 3-4 in.,
narrowly ovate-lanceolate, cordate at base, tapering to acute
apex, entire, finely velvety on both sides, veins pellucid, pro-
minent beneath, the lat. ones uniting within the margin, paler
or whitish beneath, dotted with very minute orange glands;
fl. on pubescent ped., arranged in numerous short, divaricate,
cymose panicles from the axils of fallen 1. on the old wood,
and rarely from those of present |.; cal. over } in., with a small
campanulate base, and a long, slightly curved, somewhat in-
flated funnel-shaped tube, pubescent, red, segm. very short,
triangular, acute; pet. very small, about as long as cal.-segm.;
stam. declinate, much exserted, persistent; capsule enclosed
in persistent cal.-tube which becomes vertically split, about
2 in., pericarp thin, membranous, irregularly dehiscent; seeds
very numerous, oblong-wedge-shaped, brown, smooth.

Open sunny places in the lower montane zone; rare. Maturata; Uva
patanas locally abundant, as on the Badulla road about Wilson’s bungalow,

Bandarawella, &c., but. scarcely in the Central Prov. mountains. FI.
March, April; bright brick-red.

* In honour of E. J, A. Woodford, Esq., a great cultivator of rare
plants in London in the early part of this century.

Lawsonia.| ie yt hracee. DDG

Also in India, China, Trop. Africa, and Madagascar.
The stamens are trimorphic as in Lythrume.

Nes@a trifiora, Kunth., is C. P. 1541, and recorded in Thw. Enum. 417.
The specimens were collected by Walker, and were no doubt introduced.
The plant is a native of Mauritius.

3. PEMPHIS, forsz.

A maritime shrub, |. opp., fleshy; fl. axillary, solitary;
cal.-tube campanulate, segm. 6, short, with intermediate teeth;
pet. 6, inserted between cal.-segm., spreading; stam. 12, in-
serted near the base of cal.-tube; ov. superior, 3-celled with
numerous ovules, stigma large, capitate; fruit a capsule, en-
closed for 2 of its length in cal.-tube, pericarp thin in enclosed
portion, thicker in projecting blunt summit, which separates
as a cap; seeds large, numerous, cuneate, angular, smooth.—
Monotypic.

P. acidula, /orst. Gen. 67 (1776).

meen Pemphis, L. f. Suppl. Pl. 249. Moon Cat. 37. Thw. Enum.
Pome P 1553.

FI. B. Indi 573. Wight, Ic. t. 1996 (Waclellandia Griffithiana).

A shrub, 3-5 ft. high, with very numerous ascending vir-
gate branches densely clothed with fine white pubescence,
especially round the nodes; |. small, numerous, sessile, often
very closely placed, 4-14 in., readily disarticulating, lanceolate-
oblong, acute at base, obtuse at apex, densely silvery-pubes-
cent on both sides, fleshy; fl. on pubescent ped. as long as
cal., solitary, axillary; cal. 12-ribbed, densely pubescent, segm.
very short, triangular, acute, intermediate teeth similar but
smaller; pet. rather large, as long as cal., oblong, undulate;
capsule } in. long, tipped by persistent style.

Seacoast; rather common. Jaffna; Trincomalie; Galle; Dondra
Head; Kalpitiya; Chilaw. Fl. July, August; pink.

Tropical shores of the Old World generally.

First collected by Koenig.

4. LAWSONTIA,* 7.

A shrub, 1. opp. entire; fl. small,in large terminal panicles;
cal.-tube very short, segm. 4; pet. 4, inserted at summit of
cal.-tube; stam. 8, inserted on cal.-tube in pairs; ov. superior,
4-celled, ovules numerous, style simple; fruit a small capsule,
with thin pericarp, dehiscing irregularly; seeds numerous,
closely packed, smooth, angular.—Monotypic.

* Commemorates Dr. Isaac Lawson, a Scotch friend of Linnzeus.

228 Lythracee. [Lagerstramia.

L. alba, Lam. Enc. Meth. iii. 106 (1789). Marutonti, 7.

Burm. Thes. 142. FI. Zeyl. nn. 134 and 135. JL. sfzmosa and L.
ners, le. op. L. 349; Moon Cat. 31. Thw. Enum. 1225) Geraaassn

Fl. B. Ind ii. 573. Wight, Ill. t. 87.

A much-branched shrub, the lat. branchlets often ending
in a sharp spinous point; |. small, $-14 in., very nearly sessile,
oval or lanceolate, tapering to base, acute or obtuse at apex,
often apiculate, entire, glabrous; fl. numerous, small, under
4 in., ped. slender, glabrous, pink, arranged in rather long
axillary and terminal panicles, the whole forming a large
pyramidal inflor.; cal. glabrous, tube very short, segm. oval,
acute; pet. oblong, undulate, spreading or reflexed; stam.
spreading in pairs; capsule not + in., globose, supported on
persistent cal., tipped with style.

Dry and desert regions, especially near the seacoast; rather rare.
Batticaloa; near Chilaw; Mannar; Jaffna, abundant by the salt lakes.
In the moist region cultivated only. Fl. Feb., March; pet. cream-yellow,
sep. pinkish; very sweet-scented.

ee in Western India, Kabul, and Persia, and much cultivated else-
where.

Called ‘Tree-Mignonette’ in cultivation in Colombo. This is the
‘Henna;’ the leaves are used for staining the finger-nails and teeth, and
- also for applying to the head when bathing.

5. LAGERSTREMIA, L.

arse tree; opps entire; my very larce; inietennaimal
panicles; cal.-tube campanulate, fleshy; segm. 6, shorter than
tube, intermediate teeth very small; pet. 6, clawed, inserted
at brim of cal.-tube; stam. very numerous, in several rows
inserted near base of cal.-tube, connective dilated; ov. superior,
6-celled, with numerous ovules, style simple; fruit a woody
capsule, surrounded at base by persistent, semi-woody cal.
loculicidally dehiscent into 6 valves; seeds numerous, flat,
winged at one end.—Sp. 18; 12 in FZ. B. Ind.

L. Flos-reginze, Retz. Obs. Bot. v. 25 (1789). Muruta, S.

Herm. Mus. 61. Burm. Thes. 137. Moon Cat. 42. Thw. Enum. 122.
CPE U5 54.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 577. Wight, Ic. t. 413. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 29.

A large tree with wide-spreading branches, bark pale,
rather smooth, flaking off in irregular pieces; |. large, 6-10 in.,
oval or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at base, subacute, entire
but somewhat repand at margin, perfectly glabrous on both
sides, paler beneath, with lat. veins very prominent, petiole
4-4 in., stout; fl. very large, 2-4 in., on very stout, pubescent

Sonneratia.] Lythracee. 229

spreading ped. thickened upwards and articulated below the
middle, where are 2 small opp. bractlets, panicle large, 14$-2 ft.,
stout, erect, with spreading branches, bracts small, buds pyri-
form, truncate; cal.-tube with 12 vertical grooves, mealy-
pubescent, segm. long-triangular, acute, spreading, rather
shorter than tube; pet. I-1#in., rotundate, leaf-like, with a
stout petiole-like claw, veiny, much undulate and crumpled,
spreading, margin slightly erose; fil. under 1 in.; ov. glabrous;
fruit 2 in., broadly ovoid, about 4 concealed by persistent,
cup-like cal., very hard and woody, apiculate, smooth, valves
remaining connected by their bases; seed with wing } in.,
glabrous, pale brown.

Moist low country up to 2000 ft., especially by rivers and streams ;
rather common. FI. April-July; deep or light mauve, or bright rose-
coloured.

Also in India, Malaya, and China, but often cultivated.

A magnificent tree when in full flower; it is deciduous and bare of
leaves for a very short time. Wood light brownish-red, hard, not heavy,
very useful.

Though Hermann knew this tree, he preserved no specimen in his
herbarium ; hence it was left unnamed by Linnzeus among the ‘ Barbare’
(FL Zeyl. n. 533).

6. SONNERATIA,* Z. 7

Shrubs or trees; |. opp., entire, thick; fl. large, solitary
or 3, terminal; cal. coriaceous, tube campanulate, slightly
adnate to base of ov., segm. 4 or 6; pet. 6 or 0; stam. very
numerous, inserted within rim of cal.-tube, fil. very long;
ov. almost entirely superior, many-celled, with numerous
ovules in each cell, style long, stigma capitate; fruit large,
hard-fleshy, indehiscent, supported on persistent cal., many-
seeded; seeds small, angular, embryo bent.—Sp. 5; 3 in
Fl. B. Ind.

Pet. o.
Tree; cal.-segm. 4 : ; , ‘ ; . I. 5. APETALA.
Shrub; cal.-segm.6 . : , , : : 2 e ALBA:
Pet. 6 : 2 : A ; ‘ j 5 6 2) 3) ScACIDA:

1. S. apetala, Ham. in Symes, Emb. Ava, iii. 313 (1800),

Trim. in Journ. Bot. xxvii. 163.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 579 (not given for Ceylon). Symes, Emb. Ava, t. 25.

An erect tree, attaining 40 ft., with slender drooping
branches; 1. 24-44 in., narrowly oblong-lanceolate, much

* Commemorates P. Sonnerat, who figures S. ac¢da in his ‘ Voyage a
la Nouv. Guinée,’ 1776.

220 Lythracec. [Sonneratea.

tapering at base into short petiole, obtuse at apex, glabrous,
rather thick; fl. solitary, terminal, large, articulated on rather
long ped.; cal.-tube cup-shaped, segm. 4, longer than tube,
oblong-ovate, acute, deflexed; pet. 0; fruit about # in. wide,
depressed-globular, tipped with style, smooth, white.

Mangrove swamps; very rare. Only found at Koddiyar, near Trin-
comalie, Aug. 1885, in fruit. Fl. June (?).

Also in Bengal and Burma.

This possesses upright root-processes like S. aczda.

2. S. alba, Smith in Rees Cyclop. xxxiii. (1816).
Trim. in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 171.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 580 (not given for Ceylon). Rumph. Herb. Amb. iii. t. 73.

A bush or small tree, with smooth grey bark, twigs
cylindrical, marked with prominent leaf-scars; 1. 3-4 in.,
oval-rotundate, slightly tapering at base, rounded at apex,
very thick and fleshy, petiole very short; fl. large, on very
short thick ped., buds 6-angled, pointed; cal.-tube with
6 prominent ridges extending from between the segm. to the
base, segm. 6, narrowly lanceolate, acute, longer than tube;
pet.o; style 14-2 in., stigma large; fruit supported on the
much-enlarged cal. which forms a cup round the base with
spreading segm., turbinate, about I? in. wide, much depressed,
flat on top, with the apiculate short style-base in the centre.

Mangrove swamps; very rare. Only found as yet at Chilaw, where it
was first collected by Mr. Nevill in 1881. Fl. Nov.; filaments white.

Also in Malay Peninsula and Islands, Tropical Australia and Africa,
but not in Peninsular India.

3. S. acida, LZ. f Supp. Pi. 252 (1781). HKirilla, S. Kinnai, 7.

IMony, ein, 123, (C, IP, ws.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 579. Wight, Ic. t. 340.

A shrub or small tree, twigs quadrangular; |. nearly
sessile, 2{-3 in., oblong-oval or roundish, tapering to base,
obtuse, sometimes apiculate at apex, slightly fleshy; fl. large,
3 in. long, terminal, solitary, on very short thick ped., buds
not ribbed, blunt but apiculate at apex; cal.-tube quite with-
out ribs, segm. 6, lanceolate, acute, longer than tube; pet. 6,
linear, about I in. rather longer than cal.-segm., persistent;
stam. about 2 in. erect; style considerably exceeding stam. ;
fruit broadly ovoid or subglobular, supported on enlarged
cal. which forms a shallow cup, about 13 in. wide, rounded
and slightly depressed on top, with the persistent tapering
style-base forming a point I in. long in the centre.

Tidal estuaries with the mangroves; rather common. Chilaw;
Negombo; Panadure; Kalutara. Fl. Sept.; dark rose-red.

Axinandra.] Lythracee. DOI

Also in Bengal, Burma, Siam, Java.

Wood white, soft, light, but fine-grained.

The curious erect root-branches are figured by Karsten in his ‘ Man-
grove Vegetation,’ t. 10, f. 139; they were first described by Rumph (Herb.
Amb. iii. 112). As they attain 18 in. to 3 ft. in height, and 3 in. in
diameter, and have a soft, firm, even texture, they form a fine substitute
for cork, and are cut into slices and used for entomologists’ boxes and
other purposes. Their wood is very much lighter than that of the stem.
(See Dr. Templeton, of Ceylon, in Trans. Ent. Soc. ili. 302.)

7. AXINANDRA, 7iw.

A tree; 1. opp., entire; fl. very small in short racemes ;
cal.-tube shallowly campanulate, completely adnate to ov.,
limb spreading, segm. 5; pet. 5, connate into a deciduous cap
(calyptra); stam. 10, inserted in two rows at mouth of cal.-
tube, fil. very short, dilated, anth. with a very large connective
much produced behind; ov. completely inferior, 6-celled, with
I ovule in each cell, style very short ; fruit a woody capsule,
the lower half fused with enlarged cal.-tube, loculicidally
dehiscent in the upper part by 2-4 valves; seeds oblong,
much compressed, with a long wing at upper end.—Sp. 5;
2 in FZ. B. /nd., but none in Peninsular India.

This anomalous genus is included by Baillon in MMelastomacee
(Wemecylez), and he is followed by Cogniaux. It has points of alliance
also with Rizzophoracee (Legnotidee).

A. zeylanica, 7hw.in Kew Journ. Bot. vi.66 (1854). Wékiri-
wara, S.

Cogn. Mon. Melast. 1113. Thw. Enum. 122. C. P. 2668.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 581. Kew Journ. Bot. vi.t. Ic. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 207.

A tree reaching a large size, but usually about 30 ft., with
a very straight trunk and numerous short drooping branches
almost to the base, bark smooth, pale brown, branchlets
thickened at nodes, nearly cylindrical, twigs with 4 stipular
wings broad and leafy at the summit of each internode
decurrent and gradually narrowing to base of internode
which is quite cylindrical; 1. large, 7-10 in., on a very short
stout petiole, lanceolate- or ovate-oblong, subcordate at base,
acuminate, acute, rather thick and coriaceous, glabrous, dark
green above, paler beneath, veins very strongly marked,
pellucid, depressed above, prominent beneath, lat. ones very
numerous, uniting with a strong intramarginal one at a short
distance from the edge; fl. very small, ped. about as long as
cal., in lax, slender, stalked axillary and terminal racemes
shorter than |. and sometimes paniculate with opposite
divaricate branches, bracts linear, as long as ped.; cal. gla-

DAD Onagracee. [ Jussiea.

brous, segm. broadly triangular, acute; pet. connate by their
tips and falling on expansion of fl.; stam. erect, anth. almost
sessile ; capsule about I in., ovoid, woody, blackish-brown ;
seed with oblong obtuse wing, nearly 1 in.

Moist low country in forest below 1500 ft.; rare. Raitunwelle;
Ambagamuwa (Thwaites); Udagama (Ferguson); Nillowe Kande; Kuru-
wita Korale. FI. Feb.-June; yellowish-green, pet. white.

Endemic.

The flowers have a very disagreeable odour.

A very remarkable plant; the leaves have much resemblance to those
of Memecylon Hookert. ;

LV.—ONAGRACE/E.

HERBS, I. opp. or alt., with or without stip., fl. axillary, regular,
bisexual; cal.-tube adnate to whole or half of ov., segm. 4 or
5; pet. 4 or 5; stam. equal to or double the number of pet.,
epigynous; ov. inferior or half-inferior, 4~-5-celled, with
numerous ovules, or 2-celled with a solitary ovule in each
cell, style simple; fruit a membranous capsule or a hard in-
dehiscent nut; seeds without endosperm.

Seeds very numerous.

Stam. 8 or Io : ; : : : : ; . I. JUSSIAA.
Stam. 4 . ; : 5 : 2 : : ; . 2, LUDWIGIA.
Seed solitary . : : ; 4 ; : : . (37 SERBS

Our few species are all low-country plants, mostly in wet places.
Trapais completely aquatic.

1. JUSSIZA, Z.

Herbaceous or semi-shrubby perennials, |. alt., entire, fl.
axillary, solitary; cal.-tube completely adnate to ov., and not
produced beyond it, segm. 4 or 5; pet. 4 or 5; stam. 8 or Io,
epigynous; ov. inferior, 4- or 5-celled, with very numerous
ovules in each cell, style very short, stigma large; fruit a
capsule, irregularly dehiscent between the vertical ribs; seeds
very numerous.—Sp. 30; 2 in FZ. B. Ind.

Stems creeping or floating; pet. 5.

. J. REPENS.
Stems erect ; pet. 4.

I
2. J. SUFFRUTICOSA.

Jussiza.) Onagracee. 23

Oo

1. J. repens, Z. SA. P/. 388 (1753). Béru-diyanilla, S.
Fl. Zeyl. n. 16g. Moon Cat. 35. Thw. Enum. 123. C. P. 2793.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 587. Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. t. supp. 4o.

Stem herbaceous, elongated, prostrate or creeping or
floating on water, rooting at nodes, much branched, glabrous,
succulent, young shoots often pubescent; |. 14-2 in., linear-
spathulate, much tapering to base, rounded at apex, quite
glabrous or slightly pubescent, petiole short, slender; fl. about
2 in., ped. shorter than cal., glabrous, without bracts; cal.-
tube about 4 in., cylindrical, glabrous or rarely pubescent,
segm. 5, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than
tube; pet. 5, shortly clawed, obovate; stam. 10, fil. moderately
long; fruit about # in., cylindrical, narrow but slightly inflated,
glabrous or pubescent.

Borders of ponds and tanks in the low country; common. Fl. May-
September ; pale yellow or white.

Throughout the world in hot countries.

The stems float on the water by means of white spongy bodies

(modified stipules ?) springing in tufts from each side of the base of the
petioles.

2. J. suffruticosa, Z. Sp. P/. 388 (1753).

Moon Cat. 35. /. villosa, Lam., Thw. Enum. 123. C. P. 2794, 3297.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 587.

A semi-shrubby perennial, 2-4 ft., woody below, much
branched, branches stiff, erect, cylindrical, striate, thickly
clothed with short spreading hair; 1. 2-4 in., nearly sessile,
varying from linear to broadly oval but usually lanceolate,
tapering to base, acute, entire, hairy on both sides, lat. veins
numerous, prominent beneath; fl. large, 14-1? in., ped. shorter
than cal.-tube, with 2 lanceolate bracts at summit; cal. hairy,
tube quadrangular, segm. 4, ovate, attenuate, acute, longer
than tube; pet. 4, rotundate, shortly clawed, often emarginate,
pinnately veined; stam. 8, erect, fil. very short; style very
short, stigma large, quadrate-pyramidal; capsule about 1 in.,
quadrangular, truncate, tapering downwards, hairy, 8-ribbed,
thin; seeds minute, ovoid, brown, polished.

Var. 8, subglabra, 7hiw. /.c. FI. Zeyl.n. 170. /. evecta, L. Sp. Pl.
388 ; Moon Cat. 35. C. P. 1540.
Lam. Ill. Gen. t. 28, f. 3 (J. angustifolia).

L. linear, nearly or quite glabrous; fl. smaller, under 1 in.;
capsule longer, much narrower and not tapering, glabrous.

Wet places in the moist low country to 3000 ft.; common. Fl. May-
October ; bright chrome-yellow.

Throughout the world in warm countries.

Extremes of var. 3 and the type look so different that I am much in-

(234 Onagracee. [Ludwigia

clined to follow Linneus and make 2 species here ; but they are con-
nected by intermediates. The large broad-leaved woolly plant with
large flowers is handsome enough for garden cultivation.

2, LUDWIGIA, Z.

Annual herbs, 1. alt., entire, fl. solitary, axillary, small; cal.-
tube adnate to ov. and not produced above it, segm. 4, per-
sistent; pet. 4; stam. 4, epigynous; ov. inferior, 4-celled, with
very numerous ovules; capsule as in /wssz@a.—Sp. 20; 2 in
Fil. B. L[nd.

Capsule oblong, somewhat inflated . : é . I. L. PARVIFLORA.
Capsule very narrow, linear . : : : . 2, L. PROSTRATA.

1. L. parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11 (1813).

Herm. Mus. 17. Burm. Thes. 146. Fl. Zeyl. n. 66. L. opposztzfolia,
L.. Syst. xii. 135; Moon Cat. 11. Thw. Enum. 123. C. P.1530)13298;
3299, 3510. ;

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 588. Wight, Ill. t. ror.

An erect annual, 6-18 in., stem much branched, often
angular, glabrous; |. very variable in size, 1-34 in., usually
about 14 in., lanceolate-linear to lanceolate, much tapering to
base, subacute, glabrous, thin, petiole obscure; fl. small, on
very short ped.; cal.-tube cylindrical, oblong, glabrous or
slightly pubescent, segm. short, acute; pet. very small, not
longer than cal.-segm.; capsule short, 4-2 in., cylindrical,
somewhat inflated, glabrous, 4-veined ; seeds very numerous
in several rows in each cell.

Low country, especially in the dry region; very common. FI.
December—May; yellow.

Throughout India, Malaya, and in Trop. Australia and Africa.

There is some doubt as to what this should be called. Linnzeus first
named it L. ferennis, and afterwards L. offosztifolia, both of which
names must be rejected as contrary to fact. ZL. zeylanica, Pers. (1805)
would have the next claim, but it was not properly published till 1825
(in Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 444).

Hermann gives a number of native names for this, including
‘ Kékirinda,’ and says it is used as an eye-medicine.

2. L. prostrata, foxb. Hort. Beng. 11 (1813).

Jussiea parvifiora, Moon Cat. 35. Thw. Enum. 123. C. P. 2795.

PPB elindaia soo. Woshtles ti762.

Annual, stem over 1 ft. glabrous, flaccid; 1. 2-34 in.,
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glabrous, thin, petiole
obscure; fl. very small, nearly sessile; cal.-tube 2 in., linear,
very slender, segm. lanceolate-linear, short, acute; pet. very
small, linear; capsule #in., very narrow and slender, linear,
with very thin transparent walls; seeds in a single row in
each cell.

Trapa.] Ouagracee. 35

Moist low country ; very rare. I have only seen Moon’s specimens
collected at Kalutara.
Also in India, Malaya, Japan.

Gnothera fruticosa, L. A form of this common N. American plant
has become semi-naturalised by roadsides in the Uva hill-country, having
probably originated from Hakgala Garden. Another species, perhaps
(. odorata, is also found in similar localities.

3. TRAPA, J.

Aquatic herb; 1. alt., floating, stipulate; fl. solitary,
axillary; cal.-tube adnate to lower half of ov., segm. 4, in
2 pair, outer pair persistent and becoming spinous in fruit ;
pet. 4; stam. 4, inserted outside lobes of epigynous disk ;
ov. half-inferior, 2-celled, with a solitary pendulous ovule in
each cell; style slender, surrounded at base with a disk of
S rounded lobes, stigma capitate; fruit large, bony, in-
dehiscent, horned, angular, 1-seeded ; seed large, completely
filling fruit, cotyledons extremely unequal, one very large and
thick, the other merely a very small scale, radicle superior, no
endosperm.—Sp. 2; both in F72. B. Jud.

T. bispinosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11 (1813). Tkiliya, S.
Thw. Enum. 124. C. P. 2932.
BIB: ind. ii. 590. Roxb. Pl. Cor: t. 234.

An aquatic, stems long, flexuose, ascending in the water,
cylindrical, smooth, the more submerged part thickly set with
pairs of green pectinate spreading organs (? roots) coming off
from immediately below the position of stip. of fallen lL, and
1-1} in. long; 1. crowded in upper part of stem, petiole at
first short, but growing as the internodes lengthen to 4 in.,
cylindrical, upper portion roughly hairy, dilated at a short
distance below the end into a large fusiform, spongy float,
lower portion glabrous, blade floating on surface of water,
I} in. by 1} in. wide, rhomboid-triangular, truncate and entire
at base, irregularly incise-serrate above, acute, very glabrous
and shining, dark green mottled with brown above, densely
pubescent and reddish-purple beneath, stip. linear, mem-
branous, caducous; fl. few, solitary, axillary, on short, stout,
hairy ped.; sep. subacute, pubescent outside; pet. ovate,
delicate; fruit ripening under water, 14 in. wide, turbinate,
somewhat compressed, extended above at each end into a
spreading, flattened, spinous horn, the top tipped in centre by
a short, sharply pointed, conical beak, each side at the base

236 S) amyaac é@. [Casearia.

with a projecting lobe, brownish-black; radicle immediately
beneath the central beak, whence it protrudes in germination.

In tanks in the dry region; rather common. Also in the moist low
country; very rare, ¢.g., Heneratgoda. Fl. Feb.; white.

Also in India, Malaya, Trop. Africa. 7. dccornis, L. f. of China, where
the seeds are much used for food, is perhaps a mere variety.

The pectinate submerged organs cannot be considered as leaves (as
in Fl. B. Ind., following Wight); their position suggests a stipular nature,
and they are so called by Roxburgh, who has well figured and described
them (1. c.), but there are real stipules also present with the young leaves.

LVL—SAMYDACEE.

TREES or shrubs, |. simple, alt., with very small stip.; fl. small,
regular, bisexual; cal. free or adnate to lower part of ov.,
segm. 5 (or 4); pet. 5 (or 4), or 0, imbricate, stam. 4-10, peri-
gynous, alternating and often connate with large staminodes ;
ov. superior or half-inferior, 1-celled, ovules parietal, style
simple or 3 or 4; fruit a soft capsule, loculicidally dehiscent
by 2 or 3 valves; seeds usually few, surrounded by a fleshy
aril, embryo seaigihe | in axis of endosperm.
Has strong affinities with Bzracee.

Peto:
Fl. in axillary fascicles . : : : : . I. CASEARIA.
F]. in terminal panicles 5 4 : : : . 2. OSMELIA.
Pet. 4 or 5 : 4 : : . 3. HOMALIUM.

Osmelia and Figpiiiies are eonanel to the moist region, the former
ascending a little into montane zone, to which Casearia cortacea is con-
fined. C. zomentosa occurs only in the dry region, and C. escudenza in all.

I. CASEARIA, /acg.

Trees or shrubs, |. alt., stip. minute, fl. small, in axillary
elusters; cal. free, deeply cut into 5 segm.; pet. 0; stam. 6 or
8, with alternating staminodes, all slightly connate at base,
hypogynous; ov. superior, 1-celled with several ovules, style
simple ; fruit half-fleshy, dehiscent by 2 or 3 valves; seeds
few, surrounded by a red aril, embryo straight, in axis of
endosperm.—Sp. 80; 14 in FZ. B. Lud.

L. glabrous.
L. lanceolate or oval
L. obovate

L. pubescent beneath.

C. ESCULENTA.
C.:CORIACEA.
C. TOMENTOSA.

Go Noe

Casearia.] Samydacee. a7

1. C. esculenta, Rox. F7. Ind. ii. 422 (1832). Wal-waraka, S.
KRakkaipalai, 7.

C. ovata, Moon Cat. 35 (? Willd.). Vavreca* zeylanica, Gaertn. Fruct.
i. 290. C. zeylanica, C. Championit, C. varians, vars. a, ovata, and 8,
minor, Thw. Enum. 19. C. P. 415, 2604, 2608, 2657, 3365.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 592. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 208 (C. vavzans).

A shrub or tree with slender branchlets, bark yellowish-
white, smooth, young parts glabrous, |. 2-5 in., from narrow-
lanceolate to oval, tapering to base, shortly acuminate, obtuse
or subacute, entire or faintly serrate in upper part, perfectly
glabrous, rather thick, petiole short, stip. persistent; pet.
stout, longer than cal., and articulated at the base which is
surrounded by numerous very small bracts, few or many on a
raised boss in axils of past and present |.; cal.-segm. ovate,
obtuse, persistent ; stam. 6 or usually 8, staminodes as long as
fil, oblong, ciliate or hairy; fruit about #in., broadly ovoid,
apiculate, glabrous or very slightly pubescent, orange-yellow,
dehiscing by 3 (or 2), thick valves; seeds several, almost en-
tirely covered by the large fleshy lacerate scarlet aril.

Both moist and dry regions, and extending up to 5000 ft. Fl. Feb.
April; greenish; fruit orange.

Also in South India and the Malay Peninsula.

Moon gives the native name ‘ Wal-munamal.’ Possibly this is S.
ovata, Willd., based on Rheede, Hort. Mal. iv. t. 49, in which case
that name would take priority over S. esculenta. I agree with Clarke in
combining the species of Thwaites. The Fl. B. Ind. quotes C. P. 2603
as var. azgusta, with narrow lanceolar leaves, which number is referred
by Thwaites to his C. zeylanica.

Wood pale yellow, moderately hard and heavy. The wood and leaves
are used medicinally; the fruit is eaten.

2. ©. coriacea, 7hw. Enuzi. 20 (1858).

C. varians, var. y, obovata, Thw. Enum. 20. C. P. 465, 1217.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 592.

A moderate-sized tree, twigs glabrous; |. 2-3 in., obovate-
oval or obovate, tapering to base, obtuse or rounded at apex,
entire, glabrous, more or less coriaceous, venation conspicu-
ous, reticulate, petiole very short; ped. short, slender, glabrous,
arranged as in the last; cal.-segm. rounded, stam. 6 (or 8),
staminodes about half as long as fil., ciliate, ov. glabrous;
fruit about #in., ovoid, apiculate, smooth, 2-valved, orange.

Upper montane zone above 6000 ft.; rare. Adam’s Peak; Nuwara
Eliya. Fl. Jan.; green.

Endemic.

C. P. 465, from Adam’s Peak, has the 1. more coriaceous, and with a
more copious reticulation.

* Vareca, from the Sinhalese name.

238 Samydacee. [Homalium.

3. C. tomentosa, Roxb). Fl. Ind. ii. 421 (1832).

hy Enum. to, 46. 221248;

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 593. Brandis, For. Fl. t. 31.

A shrub or small tree, twigs pubescent; |. 3-4 in., lanceo-
late-oblong, acute at base, acute or obtuse at apex, shallowly
crenate-serrate, nearly glabrous above, pubescent beneath,
petiole 1? in., pubescent; fl. not seen; fruit about ? in., ovoid,
apiculate, bluntly 6-angled, 3-valved.

Dry region; very rare. Jaffna and Sigiri (Gardner).

Also in India, Malaya, N. Australia.

I have seen only Gardner’s specimens.

2, OSMELIA, 7iw.

Tree, |. alt., with minute deciduous stip.; fl. small, in long
terminal panicles; cal. free, with 5 deep segm.; pet. 0; stam.
10, 5 alternating with large hairy bifid scale-like stamin-
odes and 5 coming off from them between their lobes; ov.
superior, I-celled, with 3 placentas and few ovules on each,
styles 3, short; fruit a subcoriaceous 3-valved capsule; seeds
1-4, surrounded by a fleshy red aril, embryo straight, in axis
of endosperm.—Sp. 3; 1 in FZ. B. Ind. (the other 2 from the
Philippine Is.).

O. Gardneri, 7/w. Enum. 20 (1858).

CE I216:
Fl. B. Ind. 11. 592 (O. zeylanica). Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 209.

A moderate-sized tree, with smooth grey bark, twigs
cylindrical, pilose; 1. 24-4 in., lanceolate, acute at base, sud-
denly and shortly acuminate, obtuse, entire, glabrous, veins
slender, conspicuous, petiole }-3in.; fl. numerous, almost ses-
sile, surrounded at base by a small cup-like bractlet, in inter-
rupted spicate racemes arranged in long drooping terminal
panicles; cal.-segm. rounded ; ov. very hairy; fruit about $in.,
subglobose, densely pubescent, purplish.

Moist region at 2000-4000 ft.; rare. Hantane (Gardner); Uduwelle;
Alagala; Potupitiya, Kukul Korale. Fl. July, August; greenish-white,
tinged with pink.

Endemic.

3. HOMALIUM, /acg.

Large tree, ]. alt., simple, fl. small, in long axillary race-
mose panicles; cal.-tube adnate to lower half of ov., segm. 4
or 5; pet. 4 or 5; stam. 4 or 5, opp. pet., alternating with
rounded, pubescent, bilobed staminodes; ov. 4-inferior, 1-celled,

Passifloracee. 239

with 4 clusters of ovules pendulous from near top, styles 4,
long; fruit capsular.—Sp. 30; 11 in FZ. B. Ind.

Sometimes regarded as a separate order, and often placed near
Chailletiacee.

H, zeylanicum, Senzh. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 35 (1860). Liyan,
Liyangu, S.

Blackwellia zeylanica, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 452.
Thw. Enum. 79, 410. C. P. 388.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 597. Wight, Ic. t. 1851 (B. ¢etrandra). Bedd. FI. Sylv.
t. 210.

A very large tree, with a straight trunk, bark white, rather
rough, breaking off in irregular pieces; 1. 24-5 in., oval,
narrowed to base, shortly acuminate, acute, serrate-crenate,
glabrous and shining on both sides, rather thick, veins some-
what prominent and purplish-red beneath, petiole very short;
fi. very numerous, articulated on short ped., closely arranged
in numerous dense corymbose clusters, on a long, narrow,
interrupted pendulous panicle, 6-9 in. long; cal.-tube glabrous,
segm. oblong, obtuse, pubescent; pet. spathulate-oblong, ob-
tuse, twice as long as cal.-segm., pubescent, ciliate; stam.
longer than pet.; fruit not seen.

Moist low country to 3000 ft.; rather common. FI. March-June;
greenish-white.

Also in Malabar.

The young leaves are a fine crimson colour. In both Wight’s and
Beddome’s figures the panicles are erroneously represented as erect. The
cal.-segm. and pet. are precisely alike except in size. I have never been
able to find a fruit, nor is it described (in this or any of the Indian species)
in the books I have consulted.

Wood pale brown, the heart-wood darker, heavy, very hard and close-
grained, durable.

Turnera ulmifolia, L. (Order Turneracee), a West Indian and Trop
American species, is a very common weed of roadsides and waste ground
about Colombo and other places in the low country. The flowers are
bright yellow, and the leaves have a musky odour. There is a figure in
Bot. Mag. t. 281.

LVII.—PASSIFLORACE.

PERENNIAL herbs climbing by tendrils of the inflor.; fl.
regular, unisexual, dicecious, in axillary cymes; male fl.:— ~
cal. campanulate, segm. 5, imbricate; pet. 5, distant, included
in cal.-tube; disk (corona) a row of white cilia arising from
base of cal.-tube, and 5 erect glands opp. segm.; stam. 5, peri-

240 Passifloracee. [Modecca.

eynous, inserted at base of cal.-tube, distinct or connate ; fem.
fl.:—cal. and pet.as in male; staminodes 5, erect, surrounding
ov.; Ov. superior, stalked, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas,
ovules numerous, stigmas 3, feathery or fringed; fruit a cap-
sule, dehiscing loculicidally by 3 valves; seeds several, en-
veloped in a pulpy aril, flattened, muriculate, embryo straight
in fleshy endosperm.

Our single genus is not typical for the Order, belonging to the tribe
Modeccee. Both our species are low-country plants.

MODECCA,* Lam.
For characters, see Order.—Sp. about 25; 6in FZ. B. Ind.

Fl. small, } in. long, stigmas sessile . ; ; . I. M. WIGHTIANA.,
Fl. large, 3 in. long, styles long : : : . 2. M. PALMATA.

1. M. Wightiana, Wall, Cat. n. 6764 (1828).

Thw. Enum, 128. €, P. 1621.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 601. Wight, Ic. t. 170.

Small perennial herb, stems long, flexuose, wide-spreading,
very slender, glabrous; |. distant, few, readily disarticulating,
2-3 in., variable in form, cordate-ovate or triangular or more
or less 3-lobed, cordate at base, acute at apex, entire or faintly
dentate, glabrous, very thin, often minutely brown-dotted on
upper surface, petiole 3-1 in., dilated at summit, where isa large
prominent gland; fl. small, 4in., on slender articulated ped.,
in two short opp. cymes near the end of a long slender axillary
curved peduncle, which is continued beyond as a much-coiled
circinate tendril; cal.-tube campanulate-turbinate, segm.
about as long as tube, ovate, acute ; pet. rather shorter than
cal.-segm., ovate, inserted about middle of cal.-tube, disk
(corona), a ring of hair arising from cal.-tube just below pet.;
male fl.:—stam. connate at base, anth. ovoid; fem. fl.:—ov. very
shortly stalked, surrounded by 5 erect staminodes, ovoid,
tapering, style o, stigmas fringed; fruit very shortly stalked,
the stalk surrounded by persistent cal, about I%in., not
pointed, valves chartaceous, smooth, brownish-yellow; seeds
about 8, + in., surrounded by the aril, ovoid, compressed,
strongly muriculate on sides.

Dry country; ratherrare. Jaffna; Puttalam; Karativu; Trincomalie;

Kekirawa. Fl. Aug.—Nov.
Also in S. India.

* Modecca is given as the Malabar name by Rheede, Hort. Mal. iv. 39.

Modecca. Passifloracee. 2A1
4

2. M. palmata, Zam. Encycil. iv. 209 (1796). Hondala, Potu-
honda, 5S.

Herm. Mus. 41. Burm. Thes. 49. FI. Zeyl. n. 353 (in part). Bryonda
palmata, L. Sp. Pl. 1012. M. tuberosa, Roxb., Moon Cat. 48. Thw.
Enum. 128. C.P 1627.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 603. Wight, Ic. t. 201.

A large perennial herb, becoming woody at base, stems
long, thickened at nodes, cylindrical, smooth and _ shining,
mottled with purple and covered with a ‘bloom,’ slightly
branched; 1. large, 4-5 in., broader than long, usually very
deeply palmately 5-lobed (rarely 3-lobed or undivided), very
glabrous and shining, especially beneath, lobes oval, narrowed
at base, shortly acuminate, acute, entire, veins conspicuous,
vinous-red, prominent beneath, where are often dots of red
colour, and between the bases of main veins 4 circular, flat,
pellucid glands, as well as 2 larger ones on the outer side of
the lateral veins, petiole about 2 in., stout, curved, with 2 short
setaceous stip. at base; fl. rather large, on short articulated
ped. in two opposite cymes of three, on a long axillary
peduncle, which is continued beyond them as a long simple
tendril; cal. 2 in., truncate at fleshy base ,broadly and squarely
campanulate, glabrous, segm. triangular, acute, slightly
spreading; pet. small, distant, linear, inserted at base of cal.-
tube, rather larger in male fl, more or less hairy, disk wide,
with 5 circular pits opp. segm., with white cilia (corona) on
their outer side, and a short blunt, erect process within each;
male fl.:—stam. distinct, fil. very short, anth. linear, ov. rudi-
mentary; fem. fl.:—staminodes 5, erect, immediately sur-
rounding ov.,small, acute, ov. shortly stalked, globose, smooth,
tapering into 3 long styles, stigmas much divided, feathery ;
fruit nearly 2 in. on a short stalk, globose, apiculate,
smooth, orange, splitting into 3 fleshy valves; seeds on long
stalks, nearly 4 in., muriculate and pitted, black, each enclosed
in large pulpy aril.

Moist low country; common. FI. May-August; greenish-white,
tinged with pink.

Also in the Indian Peninsula.

The only specimen now in Hermanw’s Herb. representing Bryonia
palmata, L.is a very bad one, and no doubt is B. dacinzosa ; but Linnzeus
seems to have had specimens of the present plant also before him in
writing his description.

The fruit is poisonous, and has caused death. The root is used in
medicine.

Passiflora suberosa, L., with small green flowers and purple fruit like a
small grape, is occasionally found as a weed in the moist low country. It
is figured as a Ceylon plant under the name of ?. Walkerie in Wight,
Ill. t, 108. Native of the W. Indies.

PART Il R

2A2 Cucurbitacee.

P. fetida, L., is extremely common, and has spread into forest in the
dry country, where it has in many places quite the look ofa native. It
is also indigenous to Tropical America, and is easily to be known by the
beautifully pectinate and moss-like involucre.

P. edulis, Sims, has escaped from cultivation in the hill country. It
has an edible fruit which goes by the name of ‘ Sweet-cup’ in Jamaica.

P. stipulata, Aubl., P. glauca, Ait. (non Kunth), is common by road-
sides in the montane zone as an escape from cultivation, and in places
quite naturalised. Native of Trop. S. America.

We have no native species of Passzflora.

LVIII—CUCURBITACEE.

HERBACEOUS, climbing by spirally twining tendrils arising
solitarily at the nodes by the base of the 1.; 1. alt., simple
(rarely compound), often palmately divided; fl. regular,
unisexual, moncecious or dicecious; male fl.:—cal.-tube usually
short. campanulate, segm. 5, small; pet. 5, usually more or
less connate (rarely free), inserted on cal.-tube, valvate or
imbricate; stam. 3 (rarely 5), inserted on cal.-tube, anth.
distinct or connate, one I-celled, two 2-celled, cells linear,
conduplicate or sigmoid or nearly straight; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube
adnate to ov. and often produced beyond it, segm. as in male;
pet. as in male; staminodes 3 or 5 or none, ov. completely
inferior, 1-celled, with 3 large fleshy parietal placentas often
meeting in centre (hence apparently 3-celled), ovules usually
numerous, horizontal, rarely few and pendulous, stigmas 3,
large; fruit fleshy, generally indehiscent; seeds usually
numerous, surrounded with pulp, no endosperm.

The most recent account of this difficult Family is that by Cogniaux
in Monogr. Phanerog. ili. (1881). The cal. and pet. are often so fused
below that the cal.-segm. look: like appendages on the outside of a cor.-
tube.

Of the 26 Ceylon species the greater part are plants of the low
country, and many occur in both moist and dry regions. But the latter
has the greater number, and Cz¢vullus, Rhynchocarpa, Corallocarpus,
Ctenolepis, and Cucumdzs trigonus are confined to it, whilst Zanonza and
Zehneria hastata are restricted to the moist region. Seven of the low-
country species extend into the montane zone, and the following are found

only there: Cerastocarpum, Gynostemma, Trichosanthes integrifolia, and
Mukia leiosperma. Only 3 specimens are endemic.

Trichosanthes.] Cucurbttacee. 24

(SS)

Stam. 3 (sometimes 5); fem. fl. solitary.
Anth.-cells conduplicate or sigmoid.
Pet. strongly fimbriate . : 5 : . I. TRICHOSANTHES.
Pet. (or cor.-lobes) not fimbriate

Cal.-tube of male fl. long, tubular 2. GYMNOPETALUM.
Cal.-tube of male fl. short, campanulate.
Anth. more or less connate.
Cor. campanulate, cut about half way
down : . 3. CEPHALANDRA.
Cor. cut nearly to the base.
Fruit tubercled. 4. MOMORDICA.
Fruit smooth 5. CUCUMIS.
Anth. distinct.
Male fl. in racemes 6. LUFFA.

Male fl. solitary or in clusters.
Fruit with hard pericarp . ; 5 ge CIABRIGILILITIS,
Fruit a soft berry F 8. BRYONIA.
Anth.-cells straight or slightly curved.
Fruit globose or ovoid, not beaked.

Male fl. in clusters ‘ : : . 9. MUKIA.
Male fl.in racemes. i : . 10. ZEHNERIA.
Fruit beaked, indehiscent.
Fruit glabrous . : : : UE LOE RTA.
Fruit very hairy . 12. RHYNCHOCARPA.

Fruit beaked, dehiscent round the base. . 13. CORALLOCARPUS.
Fruit depressed, not beaked.

Depressed-globose, seeds 3-6. . 14, CERASIOCARPUM.
Depressed-turbinate, seeds 1-2 . 15. CTENOLEPIS.
Stam. 5 ; fem. fl. in racemes or panicles.
L.compound . : : ; : : . 16. GYNOSTEMMA.
L. simple . : 5 : ; : ; . 17. ZANONIA.

1. TRICHOSANTHES, /.

Annual or perennial, tendrils branched or simple, 1. pal-
mately lobed or entire, fl. dicecious, rarely moncecious, male
usually in racemes (rarely solitary), fem. solitary ; cal.-tube
very long, segm. large or small, pet. distinct or nearly so,
fimbriate; male fl.:—stam. 3, inserted in cal.-tube, fil. short,
anth. connate, linear-oblong, cells conduplicate; fem. fl.:—
ov. with numerous horizontal or pendulous ovules on 3 parietal
placentas, style simple, stigmas 3; fruit large, globose or
narrow, red; seeds numerous, compressed, each enclosed in an
envelope of coloured pulp.—Sp. 40 (Cogn.); 12 in #2 B. Lund.

Male fl. with large sheathing bracts ; ; . I. T. PALMATA.
Male fl. without or with very small bracts.
Male fl. in racemes.
L. much longer than broad
L. broader than long
Male fl. solitary .

T. NERVIFOLIA.
T. CUCUMERINA
T. INVEGRIFOLIA.

EYP

244 Cucurbttacee. [ Trichosanthes.

I1..T. palmata, ford. FV. [nd. iii. 704 (1832). Titta-hondala, S.

Lryonia palmata, Moon Cat. 67. Thw. Enum. 127. TZ. bracteata,
Voight, Cogn. Mon. 375. C. P. 1626.

JIL 18}. lial, jie COS, Wate, ING THis iy, KOs,

Stems long, woody below, wide-climbing, angular, slightly
scabrous, tendrils 3- or 2-fid; |. 4-5 in. and about equally
wide, variable, more or less deeply palmately 3- or 5-lobed,
lobes acute, more or less dentate-serrate, glabrous, often
scabrous with small scales above and on the veins’ beneath,
petiole about I in., scaly-scabrous; racemes of male fl. 6-9 in.,
drooping, fl. large, over 2 in. nearly sessile, distant, each in
the axil of a very large broadly wedge-shaped, glabrous or
pubescent, lacerate, persistent bract 1 in. or more long, often
set with broad flat glands; cal.-segm. leafy, laciniate, pet.
rather longer than cal.-segm., I in. wedge-shaped, with many
and long filiform laciniz; fem. fl. shortly stalked; cal.-tube
nearly 2 in., segm. acuminate, pet. shorter and narrower than
in male, style long; fruit large, 2-24 in., globose with a blunt
nipple, smooth, brilliant scarlet-crimson, pericarp thick; seeds
densely packed, about 4 in. oblong, compressed, smooth,
brownish-grey, each enveloped in dark-green pulp.

Var. 8, tomentosa, feyne ex Fl. B. Ind. 1. c.
L. divided less than half way down, tomentose beneath.

Low country ; rather common, especially in dry region. Var. #, rare.
Peradeniya. Fl. Feb.—June; bright pink.

Throughout the Eastern Tropics.

The large scarlet fruits are very conspicuous and ornamental. The
pounded fruit is employed as an application to ulcers.

Cogniaux (Mon. Phan. iii. 376) quotes C. P. 1302 for this, which is a
Fern.

2. T. nervifolia, LZ. Sf. P/. 1008 (1753).

T. caudata, Willd., Moon Cat. 66. Thw. Enum. 127. C. P. 1608.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 609. Rheede, Hort. Malab. viii. tt. 16 (fem.) and 17
(male).

A large perennial, stems somewhat woody below, flexible,
thickened at nodes, much branched, branches slender, striate,
glabrous, tendrils bifid; 1. 24-34 in., ovate-lanceolate, cordate
or rarely lobed at base, very acute, mucronate, distantly
denticulate, glabrous, dark green, paler beneath with promi-
nent reticulate venation, petiole 4-1 in.; male fl. on short
ped., 4-12 in pedunculate corymbose racemes, bracts small,
caducous; cal.-tube #-1}in., very narrow, inflated above,
segm. minute, setaceous, pet. oblong, acuminate, with the fim-
briza much branched and very long at end of pet. but shorter
on the sides, doubled inwards in the bud; fem. fl. shortly

Trichosanthes. | Cucurbitacec. 245

stalked, solitary, cal.-tube nearly 2 in., very much produced
above ov., segm. longer than in male fl.; fruit 14 in., ovoid,
shortly beaked, smooth, scarlet, pericarp thin; seeds few with
very long stalks, ovoid, compressed, thickened at margins,
each enclosed in an envelope of scarlet pulp.

Moist low country and lower montane zone; rather common. FI.
Jan.—July ; white.

Also in Western India.

3. T. cucumerina, Z. Sp. P/. 1008 (1753). Dummeélla, S.
Pudal, 7.

Moon Cat. 66. Thw. Enum. 126. C. P. 2806.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 609. Rheede, Hort. Malab. viii. t. 15.

Annual, stems slender, glabrous or slightly hairy, tendrils
3-fid; |. 2-4 in. long and considerably broader, very cordate,
with an excavated sinus at base, more or less deeply pal-
mately 3- or 5- or 7-lobed usually about half way down, lobes
rounded or subacute, distantly denticulate, glabrous or nearly
so above, more or less pubescent beneath, thin; fl. often
moncecious, male in long-stalked racemes, female often in
same axil, solitary, shortly stalked; male fl.:—cal.-tube about
1 in., dilated at top, segm. narrowly lanceolate, acute, spread-
ing, pet. 2 in., lanceolate-oblong, with a tuft of curled lacinize
at apex; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube gradually dilated upwards, lower
part often hairy; fruit 14-2 in., ovoid-fusiform, tapering at
both ends, with a long sharp beak, smooth, at first striped
with white, afterwards scarlet, pericarp thin ; seeds compressed,
surrounded with red pulp.

Var. B, laciniosa, 7hw./.c. C. P. 1620.

L. deeply cut nearly to the base, segm. oblong, densely
pubescent beneath.

Low country, common; var. #, especially in the dry region. FI.
Sept.-December ; white.

Also in India, Malaya, and N. Australia.

Var. 8 is connected with the type by intermediate forms.

The plant is much used as a febrifuge medicine ; the bitter and pur-
gative fruit is also eaten after being cooked.

T. anguina, L., the ‘ Snake-gourd’ of the English (Patola, S., Podivi-
langu, T.) is probably only a cultivated variety of the last. The long
fruit is variously twisted and contorted. It is well figured in Duthie,
Field and Garden Crops, t. 46, and is only known as a cultivated plant,
the fruit being a favourite vegetable.

4. 'T. integrifolia, 7hw. Enum. 127 (1859) non Kurz. [PLATE
XLI1.]

T. Thwaitesiiz, Cogn. Mon. Phan. iii. 387. C. P. 1629.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 610,

246 Cucurbitacee. [Gymnopetalum.

Stems angular, glabrous, tendrils long, simple; |. 24-4 in.,
ovate-oval, rounded or subcordate at base, acuminate, often
twisted at apex, acute, entire, glabrous, subcoriaceous, strongly
3-nerved from the base, venation prominent beneath; male
and fem. fl. both rather large, solitary, axillary, ped. #-1 in.;
fruit globose, 2 in. diam., smooth, crimson; seeds oblong,
compressed, smooth, grey, each enclosed in an envelope of
deep green pulp.

Lower montane zone; rare. Uduwela, Hantane; Dolosbagie. FI.
July ; pale yellow.

Endemic.

The leaves are like those of S7zz/ax, the crimson fruit as large as an
apple and very handsome, the pulp surrounding the seeds is a dull, deep,
metallic green.

There is no necessity for Cogniaux’s new name, as Kurz’s T. zutegri-
folia was not published till 1877.

2. GYMNOPETALUM, 477.

Perennial herb, tendrils simple, 1. slightly lobed, fi. small,
dicecious, male in close racemes, fem. solitary; cal.-tube long,
contracted at top, segm. setaceous; pet. spreading, not fim-
briate; male fl.:—stam. 3, inserted above middle of cal.-tube
and included in it, anth. connate, cells conduplicate; fem. fl.:—
staminodes 3, very small, ov. very hairy, style long, stigmas 3,
long; fruit fusiform, red; seeds numerous, ovoid, compressed,
each enclosed in coloured pulp.—Sp. 6 (Cogniaux); 4 in
TEU Bs SOL,

+e. Wightii, Arz.in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 278 (1841). [PLATE

al Imani, 75 (CLI, ep,

PSB inde itor:

Stems slender, furrowed, bristly, young parts hairy;
]. 2-4 in. cordate-ovate, with deep narrow sinus at base,
acuminate, very acute, more or less (usually slightly) 3- or
5-lobed, distantly denticulate, rough with short coarse bristly
hairs above, more softly hairy beneath, petiole hispid; racemes
of male fl. stalked, short, umbellate, crowded, ped. slender,
bracts small, setaceous; cal.-tube #-1 in., more or less hispid
or hairy, segm. setaceous; pet. about }in., oblong-ovate, |
acute; fruit 14-2 in. tapering at both ends, tipped with
withered cal., scarlet, slightly hispid; seeds 4in., smooth,
blackish-brown, immersed in pale-red pulp.

Var. 8, Zeylanicum, A477. /.c. (sp.). Bryonia tubifiora, W. and A.
Prod. 347.

Cephaiandra.] Cucurbttacee. 247

L. more strongly 5-lobed; cal.-tube glabrous or nearly so.

Low country in both moist and dry regions and lower montane zone ;
rather common. Abundant about Anuradhapura. Var. 6, Trincomalie,
1796 (Rottler). Fl. April, October; white.

Also in S. India.

Var. 6 is probably not worth distinction, but Cogniaux reaps it up as
a species under the name G. ¢udzflorum ,; Rottler’s specimens (now in
Herb. Kew) are the type of 3. ¢ubiflora, W. and A.

The leaves form an ingredient in curries in the dry country.

Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser., the ‘ Bottle-Gourd,’ Diya-labu, S., Churat, T.,
is commonly cultivated. Iti is figured in Duthie, Crops, t. "48. mhers ane
several varieties in the form of the fruit besides the usual bottle- -shape.

3. CEPHALANDRA, Schirad.

Perennial, tendrils simple, fl. dicecious, rather large, solitary,
axillary; cal.-segm. linear; pet. combined about half way up
to form a 5-lobed campanulate corolla; male fl.:—stam. 3,
anth. connate, cells conduplicate; fem. fl. —ov. solid, pla-
centas 3, style short, stigmas very large; fruit ovoid, cylin-
drical, smooth, red; seeds numerous, ovoid, compressed, each
surrounded by envelope of coloured pulp.—Sp. 12; 1 in /2 B.
Ind. (the rest African).

C. indica, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.5,v. 16 (1866). Kowakka,
S. Kovvai, 7.

Bryonia grandis, Willd., Moon Cat. 67. Coccinea indica, W. and A.,
Thw. Enum. 128. C. P. 1069.

feeelid. 1.621. Burm. Thes: t; 10,1. 1,2. Hook. Ic: Pl. t. 138:

Stems slender, cylindrical, quite glabrous; 1. 2-4 in.,
variable in form, usually broadly cordate-ovate in outline,
with the basal sinus triangular, obtuse, apiculate, more or less
5-lobed, distantly dentate, quite glabrous on both sides,
rather succulent, dull green above, glaucous beneath, finely
punctate, provided with several large flat circular glands near
the axils of the veins beneath, especially at the base; peduncle
14-2 in.; cal. glabrous, segm. linear, reflexed; cor. 1} in. diam,
widely campanulate, segm. broad, acute, recurved, pubescent
inside, veiny; male fl.:—fil. free; fem. fl.:—ov. fusiform,
glabrous, stigmas long; fruit 1-14 in., fusiform-ovoid, cylin-
drical, slightly beaked, smooth, bright scarlet when fully ripe;
seeds oblong-ovoid, much compressed, smooth, yellowish-grey.

Low country, especially in the dry region in bushy places ; common.
Fl. June-September ; white, with green veins.

Also throughout India, Malaya, and Trop. Africa.

The large white bell-flowers and brilliant scarlet fruits render this a
very pretty little creeper. The leaves vary greatly in the depth of the

248 Cucurbitacec. [ Momordica.

partitions, when very deeply cut nearly to the base it is var. alceefolia,
Cogn. 1. c. 531, occasionally met with. The structure of the fruit is
peculiar, the seeds are truly parietal in attachment, but each is enclosed
in a separate compartment and surrounded by a reddish pulp; thus a
vertical section looks like that of a small pomegranate.

I refrain from quoting FI. Zeyl. n. 354 and Lryonza cordifolia, L. for
this, as Hermann’s specimens are undoubtedly (/ukza scabrella.. Cogniaux
(I. c. 529), however, adopts Linnzeus’s specific name, and calls this plant
Coccinia cordifolia.

4. MOMORDICA, J.

Annual or perennial, tendrils simple, fl. moncecious or
dicecious, male in racemes or solitary, fem. solitary; cal.-segm.
5, oval or narrow; pet. very slightly connate at base; stam. 3,
anth. slightly connate, cells conduplicate; ov. muricate or
papillose, style short, stigmas large; fruit ovoid or fusiform,
beaked, coarsely tuberculate, many-seeded; seeds rather large,
ovoid, in a pulpy envelope.—Sp. 35 (Cogniaux); 6 in FZ B.
L[nd.

F]. moncecious . ; 3 : : : ‘ . I. M. CHARANTIA.
FI. dicecious.

Male fl. solitary, with a large hooded bract beneath 2. M. DIOICA.
Male fl. usually in racemes, without bracts beneath 3. M. DENUDATA.

1. *M. Charantia, Z. Sf. P/. 1009 (1753). Karivila, Batu-
karivila, S. Pakal, Nutipakal, 7.

Herm. Mus. 39. Burm. Thes. 161. Moon Cat. 66. Thw. Enum, 126.
C2 IP, Wott,

F]. B. Ind. 11. 616. Wight, Ic. t. 504. Duthie, Crops, t. 64.

Annual, stems somewhat twining, much branched, sharply
5-angled, roughly pubescent, young parts hairy; 1. 24-5 in,
almost circular in outline, very deeply cordate at base,
palmately cut to beyond the middle into 7 or g lobes, lobes
acute, apiculate, coarsely spinous-dentate, pubescent on the
veins on both sides, petiole 1-2 in., channelled above and
narrowly bordered with decurrent leaf-base; fl. moncecious,
solitary, axillary, on slender peduncles 2 or 3 in. long, usually
with a large, sessile, rotundate, entire bract on the lower half,
and often close to the base; cal.-segm. oval, subacute, pu-
bescent; pet. twice as long as cal.-segm., rounded, veiny;
fem. fl.:—ov. finely pubescent, stigmas bilobed; fruit large,
3-6 in., pendulous, fusiform, usually pointed or beaked, closely
tubercled and also bluntly muricated, orange-coloured; seeds
ovoid, large, about 4 in., compressed, each enclosed in red
pulpy envelope.

Low country up to 3000 ft., but cultivated or escaped from cultivation
always. Fl. June-August; lemon-yellow.

Momordica. Cucurbitacee. 249

Throughout the Tropics.

Several varieties are grown, and much used for curries by the natives.
M. zeylanica, Mill., is a form with shorter fruit. Leaves very bitter to
the taste (hence the plant was called ‘ Maragosa’ by the Portuguese) with
a disagreeable smoky odour when bruised.

2. M. dioica, Roxb. in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 605 (1805). Tumba-
karivila, S. Tumpai, Paluppakal, 7.

Moon Cat. 66. Thw. Enum. 126. C. P. 197.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 617. Wight, Ic. tt. 505 (male), 506 (female).

Perennial, with tuberous roots, stems somewhat com-
pressed and 2-edged, striate, glabrous and shining; |. variable,
2-4 in., broadly ovate in outline, very cordate at base, acute,
more or less deeply cut into 3 or 5 lobes, distantly dentate or
denticulate, thin, quite glabrous and shining on both sides,
minutely punctate beneath, petiole 1-14 in., pubescent, chan-
nelled above; fi. dicecious, solitary, peduncle about 2 in,
slender, glabrous or finely pubescent, in the male with a large
hooded bract a little below the fl. and enclosing it, in the fem.
with a minute bract below the middle; cal.-segm. distant,
linear; pet. 3-1 in., lanceolate, acuminate, slightly pubescent;
fem. fl.:—ov. densely covered with long soft papille, stigmas
bifid with erect horns; fruit about 2 in., oblong-ovoid, beaked,
glabrous, evenly covered with equal-pointed papille; seeds
broadly oblong, compressed, nearly smooth, pulpy covering
red.

Low country, especially in the dry region; common. FI. June-
August; pale lemon-yellow.

Throughout India and Malaya.

The leaves vary extremely in the depth of the lobes; they are not

bitter to the taste. The fruit is bitter, but that of the cultivated forms is
much less so and is eaten as a vegetable.

3. M. denudata, Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. ii. 618 (1879).

M. dioica, var. denudata, Thw. Enum. 126. Cogn.l.c. 448. C. P. 1615.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 618.

Annual (?) stems compressed, 2-edged, furrowed, glabrous,
young parts glabrous; |. 2-4 in., cordate-ovate in outline, very
acute, more or less deeply 3- or 5-lobed at base, distantly
denticulate, glabrous, punctate beneath, petiole channelled
above, slightly pubescent; fl. dicecious, male in a small raceme
of 4-8 and a separate basal one (often alone produced), ped.
about 4 in., puberulous, bracts minute, fem. solitary; cal.-
segm. linear-lanceolate or linear, acuminate, longer in fem. ;
pet. }-1 in., lanceolate, acute, pubescent, narrower in fem.; ov.
densely covered with long acute papille; fruit about 14 in.,
ovoid, usually lop-sided, suddenly narrowed into a strong

250 Cucurbitacec. [ Cucumis.

blunt beak, covered with short pointed processes; seeds large,
over }in., ovoid, not compressed, tuberculate.

Moist region and lower montane zone, 1500-4000 ft.; rather common.
Matale (Gardner); Hunasgiriya; Maturata; Ramboda; Dimbula; about
Kandy. Fl. July, Nov., Dec.; lemon-yellow.

Endemic.

The leaves are very variable; the central lobe is, however, always the
largest, and is often elongated and very acuminate.

5. CUCUMIS, Z.

Annual (or perennial ?), tendrils simple; fl. rather small,
monoecious, male in small clusters, fem. solitary; cal.-limb
campanulate, segm: 5, setaceous; pet; 5) connate sar base;
male fl.:—stam. 3, fil. very short, anth. connate (or distinct ?),
connective produced into a lobed appendage; fem. fl.:—style
short, slender, stigmas very large; fruit fleshy, spherical or
ovoid, solid, smooth; seeds very numerous, oblong-oval, com-
pressed, smooth.—Sp. about 25; 4 in FZ. B. Ind.

L. rather deeply cut into 5 obtuse lobes. : . 1, CsrRiconus:
L. shallowly cut into 3 or 5 acute lobes. ‘ . 2. C. PUBESCENS.

1. ©. trigonus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 722 (1832). Metukku, 7.
Thw. Enum 127. C. P. 1618.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 619. Wight, Ic. t. 497.

Annual (2), stems numerous, prostrate, more or less hispid;
l. rather small, 14-2 in., broadly cordate-ovate, more or less
deeply 5-lobed, lobes rounded, dentate, scabrous on both sides,
petioles usually longer than 1.; fl. as in C. pubescens, fruit
not seen.

Dry region; rather rare. Aripo and Batticaloa (Gardner); Mannar;
Minneri.

Throughout India, Affghanistan, Persia.

I am quite doubtful as to the name of this dry-country plant, of which
I have not seen the fruit. I suspect our specimens are often merely
degenerated examples of the common native cucumber, ‘ Rata-kékiri’
(a torm of C. saz¢evis, L.), which is much cultivated.

Wight, |. c., figures the fruit as globular, less than 1 in. diam., and with
Io stripes down the sides.

Cc. pubescens, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 614 (1805). Gon-kékiri,
Kékiri, S.

C. maderaspatanus, Moon Cat. 67 (non L.). Thw. Enum. 127. C. P.

3534-
Fl. B. Ind. 11. 619 (under C. ¢7Zgonus). Wight, Ic. t. 496 (?). Royle,
Ill. Him. t. 47 f. 3 (C. Hardwickiz).

Stems long, bluntly angular, rough with hooked prickly
hairs on ridges; |. 3-4 in., broadly cordate-ovate, with the

Luffa.] Cucurbrtacee. 251

basal lobes rounded, usually shallowly cut into 3 or 5 acute
lobes, slightly dentate, very roughly hairy on both sides,
petiole stout, often as long as l., deeply sulcate above, often
much twisted, very harsh with prickly hairs; fl. shortly stalked,
in. wide; cal.-limb campanulate, very hairy, segm. setaceous;
pet. united for about } up, rounded; male fl.:—anth. small,
connate; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube constricted above ov., ov. ovoid,
with scattered, bulbous-based, bristly, deciduous hairs; fruit
ovoid-globose, slightly trigonous on section, about 14 in. by 14
wide, quite glabrous, obscurely striped with dark and light
green, solid, fleshy, with 3 partitions; seeds very numerous,
horizontal, narrowly ovoid, compressed, smooth.

Waste ground in the low country; common. FI. Aug., Sept.; yellow.

Throughout India and Malaya.

The name of this is very doubtful; the fruit is always quite glabrous.
It appears to be a native, and may be the wild original of C. sazcvus, L.,
the cucumber, or C. M/e/o, L., the melon. Cogniaux refers C. P. 3534 to
the former (but the fruit is at all stages quite without spines or tubercles) ;
but he puts C. pubescens, Willd., to the latter. (Under C. A7/e/o he quotes
by error C. P. 1104, which is a 77vzanthema.) Good figures of some of
the Indian cultivated forms of C. Me/o and C. sativus will be found in
Duthie, Crops, tt. 49-54.

The fruit is too bitter to be eaten, but is used in medicine. The plant
is never cultivated.

6. LUPFA,* Cav.

Large annual herbs, stems angled, tendrils 3-fid, 1. pal-
mately lobed, fl. large, moncecious, male in long racemes, fem.
solitary from same axil; cal.-limb cup-shaped, segm. 5, lan-
ceolate, acuminate; pet. connate for more than half way up,
obovate-oblong; male fl.:—stam. 3 or 5, anth. distinct, cells
sigmoid; fem. fl.:—cal. contracted above ov., ov. long-oblong,
style short, thick, stigmas large; fruit large, ovoid-oblong,
fibrous when ripe, not very succulent, 3-celled, indehiscent;
seeds numerous, ovoid, compressed.—Sp. 10; 5 in /V. B. Lnd.

Stam. 5; fruit not ridged . ; : : , tno eG MP ACA:
Stam. 3; fruit sharply 10-ridged__.. : : . 2. L. ACULANGULA.

1. *L. egyptiaca, M7/7//. Vict. ed. 8 (1768). Niyan-wéta-kolu,
S. Pikku, Pichukku, 7.

L. cylindrica, Roem., Moon Cat. 66. L. pentandra, Roxb., Thw.
Enum. 126. C. P. 2805.

At, B. Ind. ii. 614. Wight, Ic. t. 499 (ZL. pentandra). Duthie, Crops,
t. 63.

Stems very stout, 5-angled, twisted, slightly pubescent,

* Luffa, from the Ex gyptian or Arabian name ‘often spelt ‘ Loofah.?

252 Cucurbitacec. [Luffa.

young parts more so; l. large, 4-8 in., orbicular in outline,
often broader than long, very cordate at base, usually more or
less 7-lobed, lobes acute, distantly denticulate, finely scabrous
on both sides, petiole 1-3 in., angular, slightly scabrous; male
41. numerous in racemes 4-8 in. long, 14 in. wide, ped. 4-4 in.,
pubescent, with a small fleshy bract near the base bearing 3
or 4 large immersed glands, buds pointed, fem. fl. larger,
over 2 in., solitary, on peduncle 3-6 in. long; cal.-segm. lan-
ceolate, acute; pet. obovate-oblong; male fl.:—stam. 5, dis-
tinct; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube produced a little beyond ov., ov.
oblong, cylindrical, glabrous or pubescent; fruit very large,
6-12 in. or more, cylindrical or somewhat trigonous, not
ribbed, blunt at end; seed nearly 4 in., oval, much compressed,
narrowly winged, rough on sides, grey.

Low country to 3000 ft.; common in native gardens, but scarcely a
wild plant. Fl. July; yellow.

Throughout the Tropics, cultivated.
The young fruits are eaten as a vegetable.

2. L. acutangula, fort. Hort. Beng. 70 (1813). Weta-kolu,
Dara-weta-kolu, S. Peypichukku, 7.

Herm. Hort. Lugd.-Bat. Cat. 482. Fl. Zeyl. n. 352 (part). Momordica
Luffa, L. Sp. Pl. 1009 (part); Moon Cat. 66. Thw. Enum. 126. C. P. 1624.

Fl. B. Ind. ii.615. Duthie, Crops, t. 62.

Very close to L. egyptiaca, from which it differs in its
much more slender stems with sharper angles, rather smaller
fl, 3 stams., strongly ridged ov., and in the fruit, which is
6-12 in., clavate-oblong, tapering to base, very obtuse, smooth,
longitudinally ribbed or almost winged with 10 sharp angles
or ridges, and with the seeds over 4in., not winged, oblong-
ovoid, much compressed, slightly corrugated on sides, black.

Var. 6B, amara, Foxd. (sp.). Thw. Enum. 417. C. P. 1623.
Seeds smaller, # in., more corrugated, black or white.

Largely cultivated in native gardens in the low country, but nowhere
wild; var. 6 in the dry region, possibly a native. Fl. yellow; July.

Throughout the Tropics, but introduced in the New World.

The fruit is much used when half ripe and still succulent for curries
and as a vegetable, and is preferred here to L. egyftzaca, but that of
var. 8 is too bitter for use.

Hermann’s figure (there is no specimen), called Womordica cylindrica
by Linn., represents this species, not Z. egypiiaca.

Benincasa cerifera, Savi, the ‘Ash-Pumpkin’ (4/u-puhul, S., Puchint,
T.), is much cultivated by the natives for the fruit, used as a vegetable;
is also candied as a sweetmeat. It is grown throughout the Eastern
Tropics, and in China and Japan. Figured in Duthie, Crops, t. 45.

Bryonia.| Cucurbitacec. 253

7. CITRULLUS, Schrad.

Annual or perennial, tendrils 2-3-fid., fl. rather large,
moneecious, all solitary in the axils; cal.-limb campanulate,
segm. 5, narrow; pet. 5, united nearly half way up to form a
cup-shaped cor.; male fl.:—stam. 3, small, anth. distinct, cells
conduplicate; fem. fl.:—ov. broadly oval, style stout, with 3
small staminodes around it, stigmas 3; fruit rather large,
globose, smooth, pericarp hard ; seeds numerous, immersed
in solid white pulp, oval, compressed, smooth, not winged.
—Sp. 2; both in FZ B. Lnd.

Cc. Colocynthis, Schrad. in Linnea, xii. 414 (1838). Wake
komadu, S. Peykkomaddi, 7.

Moon Cat. 67. Thw. Enum. 126. C. P. 1607.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 620. Wight, Ic. t. 498. Bentl. and Trim. Med. Pl.
EATEA

Stems long, prostrate, slender, angular, scabrous or some-
times hairy; |. 14-34 in., variable, usually deltoid in outline,
very deeply trifid, the middle lobe the longest, each lobe
deeply pinnatifid, with the segm. lobed or dentate, margin
often involute, nearly glabrous above, very scabrous with
short, swollen, prickly bristles beneath, petiole about half
length of |., bristly or hairy; fl. rather large, peduncle about
3 in., rough or hairy; cal. hairy, segm. linear-lanceolate ; cor.-
segm. oval, subacute; ov. globular-ovoid, hairy, placentas
very large, filling cavity, style short; fruit globular, slightly
depressed, 2 in. diam., smooth, dark green mottled with 10
lines of paler irregular spots, pericarp thin, completely filled
with white spongy pulp divided by 6 spurious partitions ;
seeds horizontal, scarcely + in., pale brown.

Dry and desert regions ; ratherrare. Batticaloa (Gardner); Puttalam
(Moon); Jaffna. Fl. January, Feb.; pale yellow.

In India, Arabia, W. Asia, N. and Trop. Africa, and the Mediterranean.
The plant is not cultivated in Ceylon, and the fruit above described is
that of the wild plant, and differs much in size from the Colocynth
obtained from the Mediterranean for pharmaceutical purposes.

C. vulgaris, Schrad., the Water Melon (Komadu. S.), indigenous to
Trop. Africa, is cultivated in the dry districts. There are figures of 3
varieties in Duthie, Crops, tt. 47, 55, 56.

8. BRYONTA, /.

Perennial, tendrils bifid, fl. rather small, monoecious, male
and fem. in small clusters, in same axils; cal.-limb cup-shaped,
segm. 5; pet. 5, united for about } way up; male fl.:—stam. 3,

254 Cucurbttacee. [Uukia.

quite distinct, cells sigmoid ; fem. fl.:—ov. globose, glabrous,
style slender, 3-fid.; fruit a globose berry, spuriously 3-celled ;
seeds not numerous, each surrounded by a pulpy coat, slightly
compressed.— Sp. 12; 1 in HZ B. Ind.

B. laciniosa, Z. Sp. P/. 1013 (1753).

Herm. Hort. Lugd.-Bat. 95. Burm. Thes. 50. Fl. Zeyl. n. 355. Moon
Cat G72) dhwa enum 1265) Garba Koos

BEB: Ind! i1,,622; Burm) ce7t: 97... Wight, lest. 500!

Root large, tuberous, stems very slender, glabrous, often
spotted with darker green, internodes very long; |. 3-5 in.,
ovate-rotundate in outline, very deeply cordate at base, cut
nearly to base into 5 lanceolate or linear acute, coarsely ser-
rate segm., the two basal ones deeply pedate, glabrous, thin,
the upper surface slightly rough with minute scattered scales,
petiole 1-14 in.; fl. in small clusters of 3-6, on short ped.;
cal.-segm. linear, filiform ; cor.-segm. oval-oblong, acute, pu-
bescent ; fruit globose, over # in. diam., smooth, bluish-green,
with broad, white, vertical stripes ; seeds gibbous at the sides,
with a prominent raised band running round the edge.

Moist country up to 6000 ft.; common. FI. Aug.—Oct.; very pale
yellow.

Throughout the Eastern Tropics.

There is no specimen in Hermann’s Herb. I have no Sinhalese

name for this, Burman gives ‘ Basuagilli.’ Hermann l. c. says it is used
as a cathartic.

9. MUKIA, Arn.

Perennial, tendrils simple, fl. small, moncecious, male and
fem. together in axillary clusters; cal.-limb campanulate, with
5 linear segm., pet. very slightly connate; male fl.:—stam. 3,
distinct, anth.-cell straight ; fem. fl.:—ov. ovoid, style thick,
surrounded at base by annular disk, placentas usually 2;
fruit a globose berry, spuriously 2-celled; seeds ovoid, some-
what compressed.—Sp. 2; both in FZ. B. Jnd.

Cogniaux places this under J/elothria.

Ibe scabrous beneath ; seeds tuberculated on sides. 1. M. SCABRELLA.
L. softly hairy beneath ; seeds smooth . ‘ . 2. M. LEIOSPERMA.

I. M. scabrella, Arz. zn Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 276 (1841). HMin-
kékiri, S|. Mochumochukkai, 7.

FI. Zeyl. n. 356. Cucumis maderaspatanus, L., Sp. Pl. 1012. Thw.
Enum 125-0 © eb lone:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 623. Wight, Ic. t. 501.

Stems long, slender, much branched, angular, very hispid
with spreading bristly hairs, young parts covered densely with

Zehneria.| Cucurbttacee. 255

white hair; |. variable in size, usually 3-4 in., but often only
I in. or less, deltoid-ovate, very deeply cordate at base, with a
wide sinus, and the rounded lobes often overlapping, acute or
obtuse at apex, rather shallowly 5-lobed, coarsely dentate-
serrate, usually scabrous with stiff hairs on both sides, petiole
fully half as long as 1., cylindrical, very hispid ; fl. very small,
male on pilose ped. as long as cal., fem. nearly sessile ; cal.
hairy, segm. linear, pet. ovate, ciliate, a little longer than cal.-
segm.; berry about 4in., broadly ovoid, apiculate, with a few
scattered hairs, scarlet ; seeds horizontal, closely packed, oval,
compressed, bluntly muriculate on the sides, enveloped in a
pulpy envelope.

Low country up to 3000 ft.; common. FI. all the year; yellow.
Fruit scarlet.

Tropics of the Old World generally.

In the dry region this is often extremely harsh and hispid, but Her-
mann’s original specimens have glabrous leaves, as described by
Linnzus ; the scabrous-leaved specimens were calle | Bryonta cordifolia
by him (see under Cephalandra). Leaves used as an expectorant.

M. leiosperma, Wight, ex Roem. Synops. iii. 46 (1846).

@hw. Enum. 125. C. P. 2700.

FLB. Ind. 11. 623.

Stems slender, hispid, young parts densely and softly
villous-hairy; 1. 14-3 in., broadly cordate-ovate, acute, slightly
3- or 5-lobed, strongly dentate, harshly hairy or scabrous
above, densely and softly hairy beneath, petiole short, {-? in.,
hispid-hairy; fl. on slender hairy ped.; cal. very shaggy with
long hair; pet. hairy outside; ov. thickly covered with very
long hair; fruit under 4in., globose, very slightly hairy; seed
rather larger than in JZ. scabrella, less compressed, smooth on
the sides, conspicuously bordered.

Montane zone, 4000-5000 ft.; very rare(?) Only found in Maturata.
Fl, Aug.

Also in S. India.

I have not met with this living. It is very near JZ. scabred/a.

10. ZEHNERIA, £7xd/.

Annual or perennial, tendrils simple, fl. moncecious or
dicecious, the male in racemes, the fem. solitary; cal.-limb
campanulate, segm. 5, small; pet. 5, very slightly connate at
base; male fl.:—stam. 3, inserted low down in cal., anth. dis-
tinct, small, cells slightly curved; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube much
constricted above ov. into a narrow neck, placentas 3, style
surrounded at base by a lobed disk and 3 erect staminodes;

256 Cucurbitacee. [Zehneria.

fruit globose or ovoid, pulpy; seeds numerous, ovoid, smooth.
—Sp. 15; 3 in #/. B. Ind.

Cogniaux includes this under JZelothria.

L. slightly cordate ; fl. moncecious ; fruit globular. 1. Z. HOOKERIANA.
L. very deeply cordate at base; fl. dicecious ; fruit
narrowly ovoid. : B : : 5 . 12), Zo HAS TAMAS

1. Z. Hookeriana, 47x. ix Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 275 (1841).
Melothria perpusilla, Cogn. 1. c. 607. Thw. Enum. 125. C. P. 1613.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 624. Wight, Ic. t. 758 (Bxyonia maysorensis).

Stems slender, cylindrical, glabrous, |. 12-24 in., broadly
ovate, subcordate or nearly truncate at base, acuminate, acute
at apex, distantly dentate, thin, slightly rough above with
minute flat scales, paler and quite glabrous beneath, petiole
#—I1in.; fl. moneecious, male 3-6, pedicellate, in short stalked
racemes, fem. shortly stalked from same axils; cal.-segm. very
short, setaceous; pet. ovate, acute, slightly hairy within; ov.
globose, style 3-fid; fruit 2 in., globose, smooth, crimson ;
seeds 30-40, ovoid, very much flattened, smooth.

Moist region, 2000-4000 ft.; common. FI. Jan.; pale yellow.

Also in India and Java.
Cogniaux calls the Ceylon plant var. szbtruncata.

2. Z. hastata, J/g. F/. [nd.-Bai. i. pt. 1, 656 (1855). Rawudu-
kekiri, S. Peyppudal, 7.

Bryonia umbellata, Moon Cat. 67. Z. umbellata, Thw. Enum. 125 ;
ibe Sy, Cai 35, (Cz 12s 11, B05),

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 625 (Z. umzbellata)., Rheede, Hort. Malab. viii. t. 26.

Root with pendulous tubers, stems very long, slender,
angular, glabrous, tendrils very long, young parts puberulous;
l. 3-4 in., very variable, usually triangular- ovate, with a
cordato-hastate base, the lobes often overlapping, but some-
times prolonged into oblong or even linear divaricate lobes,
acute, distantly denticulate, slightly rough with scales and
bright green above, smooth and glaucous beneath, scabrous
on margin, petiole $in., cylindrical, twisted; fl. dioecious,
male on slender ped., numerous, crowded in a close, umbellate,
pedunculate corymb much shorter than 1. fem. solitary;
cal.-segm. minute; pet. very short, triangular; ov. glabrous,
10-ribbed, style stout, stigmas very large; fruit about 1} in.,
oblong-ovoid, cylindrical, tapering to a point but not
beaked, smooth, red; seeds ovoid, scarcely compressed,
smooth, white.

Moist low country; very common. FI. June, July; yellowish-white.

Throughout Tropical Asia.
Extremely variable in the shape of the leaves. Cogniaux distinguishes

Rhynchocarpa.| Cucurbitacee. 257

12 forms. In C. P. 3506 they are very deeply trifid with oblong-linear
diverging segments. ; :
The name ‘ Telaberiya,’ S., has also been given me for this.

11. MELOTHRIA, Z.

Tendrils simple, fl. moncecious, male and fem. often from
same axils, cal.-limb campanulate, segm. 5, setaceous, pet. 5,
very slightly connected; male fl.:—stam. 3, inserted in middle
of cal.-limb, fil.short, anth. distinct, connective wide, produced
into a point, cells nearly straight ; fem. fl..—ov. with 3 pla-
centas, style rather long, surrounded at base with annular
disk and 3 staminodes; fruit fusiform, beaked ; seeds numerous,
small, much compressed, smooth.—Sp. 25; 5 in AZ. B. Jnd.

M. zeylanica, Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 626 (1879).

Bryonia deltoidea, Arn. Pug. 19. chmandra deltoidea, Arn. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. i. 274. JW. deltoizdea, Thw. Enum. 124 (non Benth.). Cogn.
Besse ee. E2501, 3128, 1610.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 626.

Stems very slender, striate, glabrous; 1. 14-3 in., deltoid
or triangular, with a wide, truncate and often hastate base,
without other lobes, acuminate, distantly denticulate, more or
less scabrous with white scales above, smooth or slightly hairy
on veins beneath, petiole 4—# in., slender; fl. on long slender
ped., 1-4 from axil; cal. very hairy at the throat, segm.
recurved; pet. oval, puberulous, spreading; fem. fl.:—ov. fusi-
form, the cal.-tube prolonged above it into a very narrow long
neck; fruit 14-14 in., much tapering to both ends, cylindrical,
with a sharp point or beak, and 6 slight vertical ridges, green;
seeds horizontal, very much compressed, smooth, whitish.

Moist region ; rare in the low country, common in the montane zone

up to 7000 ft. Fl. Jan.-April; cream-coloured.
Endemic.

12, RHYNCHOCARPA, Schrad.

Annual, tendrils simple, fl. moncecious, very small, male in
slender racemes, fem. solitary; cal.-limb campanulate, segm. 5,
subulate ; pet. 5, spreading, connate into a rotate cor.; male
fil.:—stam. 3, inserted in cal.-limb, anth. distinct, connective
slightly prolonged, cells straight; fem. fl.:—ov. ovoid, beaked,
no disk, stigmas 2 or 3; fruit ovoid, strongly beaked; seeds
few, smooth, narrowly winged.—Sp. 5; 1 in Fv. B. Ind.

Cogniaux sinks this Genus under Kedrostis, Medik.
PART II. 5

258 Cucurbitacee. [Corallocarpus.

R. rostrata, Vaud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4, xvi. 177 (1862).

FI. B. Ind. il. 627 (A. fetida: not given for Ceylon).

Stems prostrate, hairy; 1. small, 1-14 in., orbicular-ovate,
cordate at base, acute, coarsely dentate, closely pubescent on
both sides, petiole } in., hairy; male fl. very small, on long
filiform ped., racemes corymbose, much shorter than 1.; fem.
nearly sessile; cal. and pet. pubescent; fruit # in. or rather
more, ovoid, tapering into a long narrow beak, red, densely
covered with long white hair; seeds ovoid, gibbous on sides,
with a narrow sharp wing, smooth, brown.

Dry region; very rare. Collected in 1890 near the Giant’s Tank,
Mannar District. FI]. Feb.

Also in S, India.

Combined with R&. fetida, Schrad., a common African plant, in
Ik, 1B, Wael

13. CORALLOCARPUS, Welw.

Perennial, tendrils simple, fl. small, moncecious, male in
small long-stalked corymbs, fem. solitary or two together ;
cal.-limb campanulate, segm. very small; pet. 5, very slightly
connected at base; male fl.:—stam. 3, inserted at mouth of
cal.-limb, fil. very short, anth. distinct, cells straight, con-
nective not produced ; fem. fl.:—ov. ovoid, usually 2-celled,
style long, stigma large, 2-lobed ; fruit ovoid, beaked, succu-
lent, circumscissile near the base; seeds few, ovoid, slightly
compressed.—Sp. 15 (Cogniaux); 3 in FZ. B. Ind.

CG. epigzeus, Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 628 (1879). Gopalanga, S.

Atchmandra epigea, Arn., Thw. Enum. 125. C. P. 1622.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 628. Wight, Ic. t. 503.

Root very large, turnip-shaped, stem rather succulent,
prostrate, zigzag, glabrous, glaucous; |. rather small, 1-14 in.,
rotundate, very cordate at base, more or less 3- or 5-lobed,
with obtuse or acute, irregularly dentate lobes, shortly and
roughly pubescent on both surfaces, rather thick, petiole
more than half length of 1, stout, glabrous; male fl. very
small, on short ped., peduncle 14-24 in., straight, stiff, fem.
larger; fruit #-1in., ovoid, with a blunt beak, smooth, scarlet
in middle, with base and beak green, dehiscent by a circular
line at junction of red and green portions near base; seeds
about 9, in orange-coloured pulp, very slightly compressed,
pale brown, adpressed-pilose.

Dry country; rather common. Uma-oya; Dambulla; Mannar. FI.
Jan.—March; yellowish-green.
Also in dry parts of India.

Ctenolepis.] Cucurbitacee. 259

14. CERASIOCARFUM,* Hz. /

Perennial, tendrils simple, fl. moncecious, male in small
racemes, fem. solitary, often from same axil; cal.-limb cam-
panulate, segm. 5, very small; pet. 5, slightly connate at base;
male fl.:—stam. 3, inserted at mouth of cal., distant, anth.
dorsifixed, cells straight, those of the 2-celled ones far apart,
connective broad, not produced; fem. fl.:—ov. with 2 placentas
and 4-6 ovules, style long, stigma 3-lobed, no staminodes ;
fruit depressed-globose, pulpy; seeds 3-6, large, ovoid, with a
narrow border, surrounded by orange pulp.—Monotypic.

o Cc. zeylanicum, Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 628 (1879). [PLATE
LIV.

ae seylanica, Thw. Enum. 125. C. Bennettz, Cogn. |. c.
7292. E 3002, 3500.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 628.

Stems cylindrical, slender, glabrous; 1. 3-4 in., ovate-
oblong, cordate at base, often hastate or with short spreading
basal lobes, shortly acuminate, margin entire or coarsely
sinuate, distantly denticulate, rough. above with few distant
coarse prickly hairs, paler and glabrous beneath, thin, petiole
about $in.; fl. on short slender ped.; cal.-segm. minute,
setaceous; pet. ovate, acute or obtuse, pubescent; male fl. :—
fil. extremely short, hairy; fem. fl.:—ov. globose, glabrous ;
fruit 2 in. wide, depressed-globose, smooth, bright orange red;
seeds } in. or more, ovoid, scarcely compressed, with a blunt
crest at one end and a narrow blunt rim round the edge,
finely pilose, brown or white.

Lower montane zone; rather rare. Hantane; Medamahanuwara;
Watagoda. Fl. November; pale yellow.

Also in Java and Sumatra, and perhaps in S. India.

The leaves are very like those of Zrichosanthes nervifolia.

15. CTENOLEPIS, ZH. 7

Annual, tendrils simple, fl. moncecious, minute, male in
very short racemes, fem. solitary from the same axils; cal.-
limb campanulate, short, segm. 5, subulate; pet. 5, connate
below; male fl.:—stam. 3, anth. distinct, cells straight ; fem.
fl.:—ov. globose, slightly depressed, style long, no disk; fruit
small, depressed-top-shaped, 1- or 2-seeded; seed oblong-
ovoid, compressed, bordered.—Sp. 2; both in FZ. B. Lund.

* From the cherry-like fruit.

260 Cucurbitacee. [Gynostemma.

CG. Garcini,* Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 629 (1879). Mochu-
mochukay, 7.

Sicyos Garcint, Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 211. Zehneria Garcint, Stocks, Thw.
Enum. 125. Blastania Garcint, Cogn. |. c. a2 (185 WO,

Fl. B. Ind. 11.629. Burm. f. FI. Ind. t. 57, f. 3 (bad).

Small, prostrate, stems slender, much branched, glabrous;
]. rotundate in outline, small, 1-2 in., palmately cut more than
3 down into 5 obovate or wedge-shaped obtuse lobes, strongly
dentate-serrate, slightly scabrous-hairy on both sides, petiole
4-1 in., bearing in its axil a stipule-like, large, cordate or
reniform bract fringed with very long filiform cilia; fl. ex-
tremely small, male racemes very short, concealed by the
bract, pubescent; pet. oblong, reflexed; fruit 3-3 in., wide,
flat-topped, smooth, orange; seeds slightly cnened.

Dry country; rather rare. Jaffna; Matalan, E. Prov. (Nevill);
Tissamaharama, S. Prov. Fl. Dec.—February; white.

Also in Southern India.

The original locality where Garcin collected this seems to have been
Tuticorin, not Ceylon, though ‘Zeylona’ is the locality given. Burm. f.
mistook the pectinate bracts for fruit.

Used by the Tamils as a medicine in quinsy and other affections of
the throat.

16. GYNOSTEMMA, 2.

Perennial, tendrils bifid, 1. compound, fl. dicecious, very
small, in lax panicles; cal.-segm. 5, small; pet. 5, very
acuminate; male fl.:—stam. 5, fil. connate into a column,
anth. quite distinct, cells straight; fem. fl.:—ov. globose,
3-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell, styles 3,
spreading, bifid; fruit a small berry, 1-3-seeded ; seed large,
worted, furrowed round edge, not compressed.—Sp. 5 (Cog-
niaux); 1 in FZ. B. Ind.

G. laxa, Cogn. Monog. Phan. iii. 914 (1881). [PLATE XLV.]
Zanonia Wishtiana, Arn, Pug. 386. Pestalozzia laxa, Thw. Enum.
iw, G, pedata, Trim. Syst. Cat. Cob IIb ss (@lIw, (Gs IF, e532.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 633 (G. fedata).

Stems very long, sometimes slightly woody below, slender,
cylindrical, glabrous and shining ; 1. 3-foliolate, petiole 1-14 in,
stout, furrowed above, often twisted and sub-prehensile,
glabrous, Iflts. 2-4 in. shortly stalked, lanceolate, acute,
coarsely serrate, glabrous, rather thick, the middle one rather
the largest, the lat. ones either dilated on lower side or

* Laurent Garcin collected in S. India at the beginning of the 18th
century, and his plants are in Burman’s Herbarium. He may have also
yisited the North of Ceylon. Died 1752.

Zanonia. Cucurbitacee. 261

divided pedately into another Iflt.; fl. very small (male a little
larger), very numerous, on slender ped., arranged in peduncled,
elongated, pyramidal, lax, spreading, pubescent panicles, in
the fem. about as long as |., in the male often very much
longer ; cal.-segm. ovate, acute; pet. linear-lanceolate, much
attenuate-acuminate, spreading; fruit about 41in., globose,
smooth, dull black; seeds 1-3, in dark green pulp, rather
large, }-+in., globose-trigonous, slightly compressed, furrowed
on edge, wrinkled and worted on sides, dark chestnut-brown.

Montane zone, 3000-6000 ft.; rathercommon. Abundant at Hakgala.
Fl. Feb., Oct.; yellowish-green.

Also in Assam, Khasia, Sumatra, Java.

Clarke combines this with G. fedata, Bl., but Cogniaux distinguishes
it by its narrower pet. and trifoliolate ].; but the latter are occasionally
pedate in our plant.

17. ZANONTA, Z.

Perennial, semi-woody, tendrils simple, fl. dicecious, male
in panicles, fem. in racemes; cal.-segm. 3, valvate (no cal.-
limb); pet. 5, connate below to form a rotate cor., imbricate;
male fl.:—stam. 5, inserted on central disk, distinct, anth.
I-celled, opening transversely; fem. fl.:—staminodes 5, short,
ov. narrowly turbinate, cylindrical, at first 3-celled (afterwards
1-celled), with 2 pendulous ovules on each cell, styles 3,
spreading, bifid; fruit a truncate capsule, opening on summit
by 3 valves; seeds very few (often 6), large, ovoid, much
compressed, surrounded by a very wide wing much prolonged
at each end, embryo large, with flat fleshy cotyledons.—Sp. 2;
1in F/. B. Lnd.

Z. indica, Z. S. P/. ii. 1457 (1768). Wal-rasakinda, S.

Moon Cat. 68. Thw. Enum. 124, 442. C. P. 1628.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 634. Wight, Ill. t. 103.

Stems stout, cylindrical, semi-woody, grey, glabrous ;
l. large, 3-6 in., deciduous, leaving a very prominent circular
scar, broadly oval to lanceolate, rounded or cordate at base,
somewhat acuminate, apiculate, quite entire, glabrous, rather
thick, reticulate venation rather conspicuous beneath; fl.
rather small (fem. much the larger), on short ped., male
panicles 6-12 in. long, branched chiefly at base, with fl. in
small clusters, fem. racemes longer, with fl. solitary, distant;
cal.-segm. rotundate, concave, glabrous; pet. ovate, acuminate,
obtuse, with incurved points; male fl.:—fil. short, broad,
spreading ; fem. fl.:—ov. 4 in., glabrous, styles rather long ;

262 Begoniacee. [ Begonia.

capsule 1-1} in. or more, cylindrical, rounded at base, truncate
at apex, glabrous, pale yellowish-brown ; seed with wing as
long as fruit, very flat, glabrous, yellow, wing rounded at the
ends.

Moist low country up to 2000 ft.; ratherrare. Kaduganawa ; Kurune-
gala; Ambagamuwa. Moon’s locality is Kalutara. Fl. June; greenish-
yellow.

Also in India and Malaya. ee

Has much the aspect of a Mendspermacea, as its S. name indicates.

LIX.—BEGONIACEZ.

PERENNIAL succulent herbs, 1. alt., with stip., fl. unisexual,
moncecious ; male fl.:—perianth-segm. 2 or 4, in pairs, outer
pair valvate, inner pair (when present) smaller; stam. indef.
(30-50), usually somewhat monadelphous; fem. fl.:—peri-
anth-segm. 2-5; ov. quite inferior, 3-celled with very
numerous ovules crowded on axile placentas, styles 3, distinct
or slightly connate; fruit a triangular papery capsule, winged
at the angles, opening by an elliptical slit on each face ; seeds
minute, very numerous, with scanty endosperm.

This curious Family is very poorly represented in Ceylon. Of our
species, 2 are confined to the moist low country and 2 to the montane
zone, whilst one occurs in both.

BEGONTIA, Z.
For characters, see Order.—Sp. 398 ; 64 in FZ. B. Ind.

Stemless.
Placentas 2-lobed. F : ‘ : : . I. B. CORDIFOLIA.
Placentas undivided.
L. rounded or subacute at apex : 5 . 2. B. TENERA.

L. acuminate.
Scapes and ov. very hairy : 5 . 6. Be Dewan sie
Scapes and ov. nearly glabrous . : . 4. B. SUBPELTATA.
Stem stout, erect A : : ; 5. B. MALABARICA.

1. B. cordifolia, 7iw. Enum. 129 (1859). Gal-ambala, 5.

C. P. 3584.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 641. Wight, Ic. t. 1816 (Dzploclinium cordifolium).

A perennial herb with a short horizontal rootstock, sending
up leaves and flower-stalks; 1. erect or spreading, petiole
3-7 in., stout, succulent, with spreading hair, pink, blade

Begonia.] Begoniacee. 263

3-6 in., ovate-rotundate, strongly cordate with the lobes nearly
equal at base, acute or obtuse at apex, very slightly lobed,
crenate-dentate, unequal-sided, thin, sparingly hairy on both
sides, bright light green, stip. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
glabrous ; scapes 4-6 in., erect, succulent, hairy, pink, slightly
bifurcate at top; fl. 3-14 in., male and fem. usually on sepa-
rate scapes, ped. of male fl. $-1in.,, filiform, of fem. fl. shorter
and stouter, bracts small, ovate, acute; male fl.:—per.-segm.
4, the outer pair rotundate, cordate at base, inner narrowly
oblong, stam. about 30, fil. monadelphous below; fem. fl.:—
per.-segm. 3-5 (usually 5), the 2 outer rotundate, the 3 inner
oval-oblong, ov. with bifid placentas, shortly 3-winged,
glabrous, style deeply divided into 3 stout curved branches,
each bilobed at end ; capsule very thin and papery, dehiscent
on the three sides, wings nearly equal, variable in width,
upper margin rounded; seeds broadly ovoid, ridged, dark
brown.

Low country to about 1500 ft.; very rare. In plenty in crevices of
wet rocks near Lunugala, Bibile, and Nilgala, Uva Prov. Fl. Jan—
March; white.

Also in S. India.
A. DC. (Prod. xv. pt. I, 329) calls the Ceylon plant var. zzsu/aris.

2. B. tenera, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 169 (1791).

B. rupestris, Moon Cat. 64(?). 8. Thwatteszz, Hk., Thw. Enum. 128
(part). C. P. 3952, 2808 (part).

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 652. Trans. Linn. Soc. i. t. 16.

Stemless, with a stout prostrate rhizome; 1, 24—4 in., rotun-
date, very strongly cordate and slightly unequal at base,
rounded or subacute at apex, faintly serrate-crenate, hairy on
both sides, thin, petiole 3-6 in., hairy, succulent, stip. ovate,
acuminate, somewhat fleshy; scapes 3-9 in., erect, stiff, hairy ;
fi, few, umbellately corymbose, on slender ped., the male erect,
the fem. drooping, bracts ovate, acute; male fl.:—per.-segm.
4, 2 outer rotundate, cordate, hairy outside, 2 inner oval-
oblong, stam. 40-50, fil. connate at base; fem. fl.:—2 outer
per.-segm. broad, 3 inner narrow, ov. very hairy, placentas
undivided, styles 3, distinct almost to base, stigmas bilobed ;
capsule 2 in. by 2 in. wide (with wings), glabrous, wings nearly
equal, their upper margins nearly straight, forming a sharp
angle (or slightly rounded) with sides.

Moist low country; rare. First collected by Koenig, but he does not
give any locality. Near Bulat-Singhale, Pasdun Korale (Thwaites);
Wellawaya (F. Lewis). Fl. Sept.; white.

Endemic.

Dryander gives in full Koenig’s description from his MSS.; and the
figure is taken from his specimen in the Mus. Brit.

264 Begoniacee. [ Begonia.

3. B. Thwaitesii, Hook. Bot. Mag. 4692 (1853).

keichenheimia Thwaitesiz, Klotzsch, Begon. 55. Thw. Enum. 128
(part). C. P. 3953, 2808 (part).

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 652 (under &. zenera). Bot. Mag. t. 4692 ; Klotzsch, 1. c.
La.

Differs from B. zenera in having |. much more unequal at
base, acuminate and more acute at apex, more or less mottled
with purple above and with the veins dark purple instead of
white; petioles and scapes much more hairy, even shaggy,
with red hair; capsules longer, $—3 in.

Lower montane zone, 3000-4000 ft.; rare. Kotmale (Gardner) ;
Matale ; Hunasgiriya. Fl]. Sept._January; pale cream-coloured.

Endemic.

The leaves are usually beautifully mottled and variegated with
coppery-red, purple and green above, and entirely purple beneath.

4. B. subpeltata, Wight, lc. v. 2,9 (1852).
Thw. Enum. 128. C. P. 2597.
INL 1B, Ike moss, Wiel Met Insie

Differs from B. zenera in having |. more acuminate, some-
what lobed and more finely hairy ; scapes longer and nearly
glabrous ; flowers larger; ov. quite glabrous.

Lower montane zone; very rare. Ambagamuwa (Thwaites). FI.
March ; white.

Also in S. India.

The leaves are not at all subpeltate in Ceylon specimens.

The last two species and this are all very closely allied, and are
probably only varieties of one. C. P. 346 (see Thw. Enum. 129) from
Hiniduma (without flowers), with leaves covered with dense red
pubescence, is probably another species or variety of the same series,
but it has a larger rootstock and the leaves are less unequal at the base.

5. B. malabarica, Lam. Encyc/. i. 393 (1783). Hakambala, S.

Moon Cat. 64. &. adifetala, Graham in Bot. Mag. t. 2849. Thw.
Enum. 128. C. P. 2807, 3949.

Fl.-B. Ind. n. 655. Bot. Mag. t. 2849. Wight, Ic. t. 1813:

Stem erect, 2-3 ft., cylindrical, stout, zigzag, thickened at
the nodes, glabrous, branched ; 1. 4-6 in., numerous, extremely
unequal-sided, the large side deeply 4-cordate at base, the
other simply rounded, very acuminate, acute, sharply spinous-
serrate and sometirnes coarsely incised, slightly scabrous
above or glabrous, paler or purplish, shining and glabrous
beneath, petiole succulent, cylindrical, stip. over 4 in., lanceo-
late, acute, membranous, deciduous; fl. rather large, on long,
slender, glabrous, drooping ped.; per.-segm. 2, orbicular, much
broader than long; male fl.:—stam. above 4o, fil. connate at
very base ; fem. fl.:—ov. quite glabrous, placentas undivided,
styles 3, dilated and undulate at ends; fruit very light and

Tetrameles.] Datiscacee. 265

papery, pendulous, near I in., pale brown, shining, wings
slightly unequal, broad, with upper margin either straight, or
completely rounded off without an angle.

Moist region, up to 5000 ft.; rather common in wet rocky places,
especially above 3000ft. Ritigala, N.C. Prov. (Bell). Fl. all the year ;
rose-pink or nearly white.

Also in Malabar.

Variable, but not divisible into distinct varieties. I find the angled
and rounded wings in fruits on the same plant. C. P. 3949 (from Matale)
has narrow rounded wings and deeply gashed leaves.

LX.—DATISCACE/:.

TREE, |. alt., simple, without stip., fl. small, unisexual, dice-
cious in panicles, apetalous; male fl.:—cal. deeply cut into 4
segm.; pet. 0; stam. 4, opp. cal.-segm., inserted round a flat
central disk; fem. fl.:—cal.-tube connate with ov., segm. 4,
short; pet. 0; ov. quite inferior, 1-celled, with numerous
ovules on 4 parietal placentas, styles 4, distinct, persistent ;
capsule small, ovoid, opening at summit; seeds minute,
flattened, with a very loose testa, with endosperm.
There are only 2 other genera in this small Order.

TETRAMELES, 3,.

For characters, see Order.—Monotypic.

T. nudiflora, 2. Zr. 7x Lenn. Pi. Jav. Rar. 79 (1838). Nigunu,
Mugunu, 5S.

aw. enum.252., 'C. Pian:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 657. Wight, Ic. t. 1956 (7. Grahamiana). Bedd. Fi.
Sylv. t. 212.

A very large tree, with a straight trunk, unbranched below
and buttressed at the base, bark smooth, grey, fibrous, twigs
marked with scars of past leaves, young parts puberulous;
l, alt. large, 6-7 in., ovate, strongly cordate at base, acumi-
nate, acute, irregularly dentate, in upper part, bright green and
glabrous above, paler and with prominent, yellow, softly
hairy, reticulate venation beneath, petiole 4-6 in., cylindrical,
pubescent ; fl. numerous, panicles many, from the base of the
new growth below the young |., 6-10 in., stalked, slender,
hairy ; male with spreading branches and fl. on slender ped.,

266 Cactacea. [Rhipsalés.

fem. with erect branches and sessile fl.; male fl.:—cal.-segm.
linear-oblong, glabrous, stam. spreading, fil. much longer than
cal.; fem. fl.:—ov. faintly 8-ribbed, slightly pubescent, styles
much exserted, stigmas club-shaped ; fruit a little over jin,
urceolate, truncate, 8-ribbed, slightly rough.

Forests in low country to 3000 ft.; rare. Ambagamuwa and
Maskeliya (Thwaites); Maha-oya, Batticaloa Dist. (A. Walker); Kegalla;
Lagalla Dist.; Allagalla. FI. March; September; yellowish-green.

Also in W. India, Sikkim, Burma, Andamans, Java.

Attains 14 ft. in circumference of trunk, and is completely deciduous
and quite bare when in flower. Wood very soft and light, pale yellow.

IC AVE TAC IB 45,

SUCCULENT, leafless perennial, fl. bisexual, regular ; cal.-tube
adnate to ov., segm. 4 or 5; pet. 5 or 6; stam. about 20, free,
inserted at mouth of cal.; ov. quite inferior, 1-celled (incom-
pletely 3- or 4-celled), with numerous ovules on parietal
placentas, style simple, stigma 3- or 4-lobed ; fruit a succulent
berry ; seeds few, oblong, without endosperm.

A large Order confined to the New World with the exception of a few
species of Rizpsalzs. R. Cassytha alone reaches Asia.

RHIPSALIS, Gaerin.

For characters, see Order.—Species about 40; 1 in Fé.
B. Ind.

R. Cassytha,* Gaertn. Fruct.i. 137 (1788). Wal-nawahandi, S.

Cactus pendulus, Willd., Moon Cat. 38. Thw. Enum. 129. C. P.2976.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 658. Bot. Mag. t. 3080.

Perennial, slightly woody at very base, stems fleshy,
slender, 4-6 ft. long, pendulous, cylindrical, much dichoto-
mously (or 3- or more) branched, very flexible, glabrous, dull
green, |. quite absent but represented on the young shoots by
very minute, distant, apiculate scales; fl. small, sessile, soli-
tary ; cal.-segm. unequal, broad, acute; pet. oblong, obtuse,
spreading ; ov. glabrous, style longer than stam.; berry small,
4in., ovoid, white, smooth, translucent, at first crowned with
persistent cal. and pet.; seeds 8-16, in watery pulp, very
small, oblong-ovoid, faintly striate.

_ * From its resemblance to that genus of Lauracee, to which, indeed,
Aiton and Miller had referred it.

Sesuvium.| Ficoidee. 26 7

Epiphytic on the trunks of trees, also on rocks, in the moist region up
to 4000 ft.; common. FI. Aug., Sept.; greenish-white.

Also in Mauritius, Madagascar, Trop. Africa, W. Indies, and Trop.
America ; but nowhere else in Asia. It is, however, without doubt a
native in Ceylon.

Sometimes called ‘ Mistletoe’ by the English in Ceylon, from a slight
resemblance in general appearance and berries to Viscum album of
Europe; but it is not truly parasitic, having very long fibrous roots,
which spread over the surface of the wood or rock on which the plant
grows. When quite young, the plant is set with stellate tufts of bristles.

Opuntia Dillenit, Haw., is the common ‘Cactus’ met with on waste
ground and by roadsides in the low country, rarely in the moist region,
but in great abundance near the coast in the dry; called ‘ Katu-patuk’ by
the Sinhalese and ‘ Naka-kalli’ by the Tamils. It is figured in Wight,
Ill. t. 114, and is an old introduction, now quite naturalised, and indeed a
great nuisance in parts of the Northern Prov. The plant is S. Americar
in origin. No other species is naturalised here.

LXII.—FICOIDE/E.

ANNUAL or perennial herbs, |. simple, opp. or alt., without
stip., fl. small, regular, bisexual, usually apetalous, sep. 5,
distinct or more or less connate (in Seswvzum slightly adnate
to ov.), pet.o (rarely 5); stam. def. or indef., perigynous or
hypogynous ; ov. superior or nearly so, 2-5-celled, with few
or numerous ovules in each cell (in Gzsekza of 5 separate carp.
each with 1 ovule); fruit a thin capsule, transversely or locu-
licidally dehiscent ‘in Gzsekia separate cocci); seed more or
less reniform, embryo curved round the farinaceous endo-

sperm.

A somewhat ill-defined Order. The 2 first genera are allied to Portu-
lacacee ; Mollugo to Caryophyllacee ; and Gisekia to Phytolaccacee.

Stam. inserted on cal.-tube (Azzozdec).
Styles3 . ; : : 3 A , : . I. SESUVIUM.
Stylestor2 . ; ; ; 2. TRIANTHEMA.
Starn. hypogynous (Molluginez)
Fruit a loculicidal capsule , Z ; : . 3. MOLLUGO.
Fruit of separate carpels . ; ; : ; 2 4, GISEKIA.

Eleven species, all found in low country only, and usually weeds.
Sesuvium is a seashore plant.

1. SESUVIUM, Z.

A fleshy prostrate herb, 1. opp., without stip., fl. solitary,
axillary; cal.-tube very short, adnate to base of ov., segm. 5,

268 Ficoidee. [Zrianthema.

coloured, persistent; pet. 0; stam. indef. (about 30), inserted
on cal.-tube; ov. nearly superior, 3-celled, with several ovules
in each cell, styles 3, distinct; fruit a membranous, 3-celled
capsule, circumscissile near the base; seeds few, reniform,
smooth, embryo curved into a ring.—Sp. 4; 1 in Fd. B. Ind.

S. Portulacastrum, Z. Syst. Veg. ed. 10 (1759). Wankiru-
valai, 7.

S. pedunculatum, Pers., Moon Cat. 39. S. repens, Rottl., Thw. Enum.
az, (C, IP, 106%.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 659 (not given for Ceylon). Hk. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. t.
23 (S. repens).

Herbaceous, stems prostrate or buried in the sand,
copiously rooting at the nodes, stout, glabrous, succulent,
much branched; 1. numerous, opp., I-14 in., spathulate-
oblong or linear, very fleshy, tapering to base, obtuse,
glabrous, petiole short, much dilated and amplexicaul at base
with broad scarious margins (adnate stip. ?); fl. nearly 4 in.,
solitary, ped. as long as cal., glabrous; cal. glabrous, segm.
lanceolate, cuspidate; stam. shorter than cal.; capsule shorter
than and enclosed in persistent cal.-segm., pointed; seeds
smooth and polished, black.

Sandy seashores; rather rare. Trincomalie (Gardner); Mannar;
Karativu; Colombo (Moon); Chilaw; Tangalle. Fl. Jan. Feb.; pink.

Most Tropical and Sub-tropical coasts. Moon gives the Sinhalese name
as ‘Maha-sarana.’ The leaves are eaten in curries.

The figure quoted (of the Carnatic plant) shows much shorter leaves,
and is generally smaller than our plant.

2. TRIANTHEMDIA, J.

Herbs with prostrate branches, 1. opp. or alt., without stip.
but petioles dilated at base, fl. small, axillary; cal.-tube long
or short, not connate with ov., segm. 5; pet. 0; stam. 5, 10,
or 20 inserted at top of cal.-tube; ov. quite superior, I or 2-
celled, with few basal ovules, style 1 or 2; fruit a capsule,
membranous below, with a hard thick cap which is detached
by a transverse dehiscence and carries away with it one or
more seeds; seeds few, reniform, embryo curved into a ring.

—Sp. 10; 5 in FZ. B. Ind.

Style 1.
L. obovate; capsule about 8-seeded : : . I. T. MONOGYNA.
L. linear-lanceolate; capsule 2-seeded . : . 2. T. TRIQURTEAS

Styles 2; capsule 4-seeded. : : : : . 3. T. DECANDRA.

Trianthema.] Ficoidee. 2 69

I. T. monogyna, LZ. Mazi. 69 (1767). Hin-sarana, S.
T. obcordata, Roxb., Thw. Enum. 23. C. P. r1o2.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 660. Wight, Ic. t. 288 (Z. obcordata).

A prostrate, somewhat succulent herb, stems rather
angular, glabrous or slightly pubescent, much branched; 1.
obliquely opp., very unequal, the upper one larger, 2-1 in,
the lower smaller, +-} in., obovate, tapering to base, rounded,
often apiculate at apex, petiole 4 in., connate, very much
dilated and membranous at base, especially of the smaller 1.
which forms a deep triangular axillary pouch containing the
solitary sessile fl.; cal.-segm. ovate, acute; stam. 10-20; ov.
truncate, style simple; capsule small, almost concealed in the
stipular pouch, about 8-seeded, cap exserted, truncate, carrying
away with it 3 seeds; seeds reniform, black, dull, muriculate.

Low country, especially on the coast and in the dry region near tanks.

Colombo; Kantalai; Anuradhapura.
Throughout Tropical regions.

2. T. triquetra, Rotil. and Willd. in Neue Schrift. Natur. Fr.
Berlin, iv. 181 (1803). Chiruppadikkirai, 7.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 660 (7. crystallina).

A diffuse herb with a woody rootstock, branches numerous,
prostrate, divaricate, covered with minute papille; |. opp.
or alt., 4-2 in., linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, fleshy,
petiole short, sheathing; fl. sessile, numerous, several in an
axil, not enclosed in sheath of petiole; cal.-tube thick, with
numerous slender ribs, segm. broad, triangular, acute, per-
sistent, folded over top of ripe capsule; stam. 5; style simple;
fruit enclosed in cal.-tube, 2-seeded, cap flat but much de-
pressed in centre, carrying away with it one seed; seeds rather
large, strongly striate, dark brown.

Var. 8, Rottleri, 777m. T. crystallina, Thw. Enum. 23; Trim.
Syst. Cat. 39 (non Vahl). C. P. 3552.

Less woody at base or quite herbaceous, branches more
slender, often tufted and congested; 1. smaller, {-3in., less
fleshy; fl. smaller, I or 2 in an axil; cal.-segm. more shortly
triangular, less acute, not folded over top of ripe capsule.

Dry region; rather rare. The type only at Mantai, N. Prov. Var. 8
more common; Trincomalie; Gunners’ Quoin; Batticaloa; Tissamaha-
rama; Mannar. FI. Nov.—Feb.

Also in the dry regions of Afghanistan, Arabia, and India.

I was inclined to consider these as distinct species, but Dr. Stapf, of
Kew, informs me that in that Herbarium there are connecting forms.
TI. crystallina, Vahl, to which this is referred by Thwaites and in FI. B.
Ind., is a quite different species from Arabia and Nubia only.

Eaten in curries at Mannar.

270 Ficowdec. [Mollugo.

3. T. decandra, LZ. Mant. 70 (1767). Maha-sarana, 5S,
Charanai, 7.

Wen, Jair, 23 (CIPS iO ik,

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 661. Wight, Ic. t. 296.

Stems long, prostrate, slightly branched, angular, glabrous,
with long internodes; |. opp., pair rather unequal, ?-14 in.,
oblong-oval, rounded and apiculate at apex, slightly fleshy,
petiole }-4 in., much dilated and amplexicaul at base; fl. on
short ped., in dense umbellate, shortly stalked,. axillary
clusters, bracts scarious, acute; cal.-tube short, segm. much
longer, oval, acute, with membranous margins; stam. 10;
styles 2; capsule not included in cal.-tube, 4-seeded, cap large,
solid, very truncate, carrying away with it 2 seeds; seeds
finely wrinkled, black.

Low country, chiefly in the dry region; rather rare. Batticaloa and
Jaffna (Gardner); Trincomalie (Glenie); Colombo (Thwaites); Tissama-
harama; Mantai. FI. Dec.; bright pink.

Also in India, Burma, and Timor.

The flowers are very pretty when fully expanded.

3. MOLLUGO, Z.

Small, often annual, herbs, |. apparently whorled or radical, ©
without stip., fl. small, axillary or in terminal cymes; sep. 5,
distinct; pet. 0 or 5; stam. 3, 5, or 10, hypogynous; ov.
superior, 3- or 5-celled with numerous ovules, styles 3 or 5 ;
capsule membranous, enclosed in persistent sep., 3- or 5-celled,
loculicidally dehiscent; seeds reniform, embryo more or less
curved.—Sp. 12; 6 in FZ. B. Ind.

Fl. axillary; seeds with a filiform anpeneee.
. HIRTA.

Densely stellate-hairy : 3 on alse VE
Glabrous . M. OPPOSITIFOLIA.
Fl. in terminal cymes; seeds not appendaged.
L. in whorls at nodes.
Seeds with raised tubercles . 3. M. PENTAPHYLLA.
Seeds smooth or nearly so.
Stems numerous, glabrous. 4. M. CERVIANA.
Stem solitary, glandular pubescent 5. MM. DISMICEESas
L. all radical E ; : 6. M. NUDICAULIS.

1. M. hirta, 7hunb. Fl. Cap. 120 (1818).

Glinus dictamnoides, L., Thw. Enum. 24. C. P. 293

Fl. B. Ind. t. 662. Burm. f, FI. Ind. t. Bos 1 1 (Ga Totoides).

Annual, stems numerous, prostrate, spreading from a
centre, 6-12 in., not much branched, densely stellate-hairy,
|. opp. or several at a node, unequal, largest 4—? in., rotundate
or broadly oval, tapering to base, very obtuse at apex, stellate-

Mollugo.] Ficoidee. 271

downy on both sides, petiole 4in., slender, stellate-hairy ; fl.
axillary, 1-6 at a node, ped. unequal, }-2 in., stiff, divaricate ;
sep. + in., lanceolate, acute, stellate-hairy outside; pet. filiform,
about as long as sep., deeply bifid; stam. 10; ov. ovoid, gla-
brous, 5-lobed, 5-celled, with very numerous ovules, stigmas
5, sessile, spreading ; seeds ovoid, pitted, dark brown, shining,
with a small white scale at the hilum extended into a long
filiform process which curves over the top of the seed.

Dry region; rather common. Bintenne; Anemaduwa, N.W. Prov.
Fi. July, August; pinkish-white. _
In all Tropical and warm countries.

2. M. oppositifolia, Z. S~. Pl. 89 (1753). Hin-pala, 5S.
Kachchantiray, 7.

Herm. Mus. 4. Burm. Thes. 13. Fl. Zeyl. n. 52. Moon Cat. 9.
Pharnaceum Mollugo, ., Moon Cat. 23. MW. Spergula, L., Thw. Enum.
Meee bemasmyst. Cat. 39. C. P. 1095.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 662 (17. Sfergula). Burm. Thes. t. 7.

Annual or perennial, stems numerous, prostrate, much
branched, glabrous, with long internodes; |. in whorls of
4 or 5, unequal, 2 usually larger than the others, reaching
?in., from linear to oval, often somewhat spathulate, much
tapering to base, rounded or acute, apiculate at apex, petiole
obscure; fl. axillary, 1-5 at a node, ped. +-2in., very slender;
sep. oblong, subacute, with membranous margins; pet. gene-
rally 0; stam. 3; capsule surrounded by persistent sep.,
oblong-ovoid, 3-celled; seeds very numerous, tuberculate,
brown, with a similar appendage to WW. /urta.

Low country, especially in the dry region; a common weed. FI.
all the year; white.

Also in India, Trop. Africa, and Australia.

Varies considerably in habit and in width of leaves. Linnzeus’s name,
M. Spergula, has been usually applied to this, but is later by six years
than his 17. ofpositifolia.

Wight and Arnott state (Prod. 44) that all the Indian specimens have
5-forked pet. and 5 or 10 stam.

Used as a pot-herb. ‘Jean-pala’ is Hermann’s name for this.

3. M. pentaphylia, LZ. Sf. P/. 89 (1753).

Herm. Mus. 33. Surm. Thes. 12 and 13. FI. Zeyl. n. 51. Moon
Cat.9. Thw. Enum. 24. M. stricta, L., Thw. Enum. 24; Trim. Syst.
Cat. 39. C. P. 1096, 1097.

Fl. &. Ind. ii. 663 (47. stricta). Burm. Thes. t. 6, f. 2 and t. 8, upper
figure.

Annual, with many spreading, diffuse, dichotomously
branched, slender, glabrous, quadrangular stems; 1 2-6 in
a whorl, 4-1 in., from lanceolate-linear to obovate, much

tapering to base, apiculate, petiole obscure; fl. numerous, on

272 Ficoidee. [Mollugo.

filiform ped., arranged in lax, corymbose, terminal cymes ;
sep. rotundate-oval, obtuse; capsule globose, walls very thin,
seeds numerous, closely covered with minute raised tubercles.
Low country, especially in the dry region; common. FI. June, July;
white.

Throughout India, Malaya, China, Japan, &c.

M. pentaphyllais the older by nine years of Linnzus’s two names, and
is therefore here adopted. JZ. stricta has narrower leaves, not at all
obovate, and is kept up as separate by Thw.

Hermann erroneously gives the S. name ‘ Wisnagarandi’ (=‘ Vis-
nukiranti’ which belongs to Zvo/vulus) for this.

4. M. Cerviana, Ser. ix DC. Prod. i. 392 (1824). Patpada-=
kam, 7.

Pharnaceum triflorum, Moon Cat. 23. Thw. Enum. 24. C. P. 1092.
Fl-B. Ind. i. 663. Lam: Ill, t. 2145 f. 1. Pluk, Phyt) eege2enee

(good).

Annual, with very numerous, erect, very slender stems
5-8 in. high, SRAC LES umbellate, nodes thickened; |. 2-6 or
more in a whorl, 4-%in., linear, very narrow, apiculate; fl.
numerous, on long, stiff filiform ped., usually in 3’s at end of
long filiform axillary and terminal peduncles; sep. oval-
oblong,obtuse, with membranous margins; seeds quite smooth,
red-brown.

Dry region; rathercommon. Jaffna and Kalpitiya (Gardner).

Also in dry districts of India and rest of Asia, Africa, and Australia.
Much used as a medicine in fever.

5. M. disticha, Ser. ix DC. Prod. 1. 392 (1824).

Burm. Thes. 161. Pharnaceum distichum, L., Moon Cat. 23. Thw.
Enum: 245) ©. P1004

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 663. Burm. Thes.t. 71, fig. 2. Wight, Ic. t. 3(2).

Stem solitary, erect, angular, finely glandular-pubescent,
dichotomous with ascending branches; |. 3-6 in. a whorl,
#-1 in., lanceolate-linear, tapering to base, subacute, glabrous,
petiole obscure; fl. on short glandular-pubescent ped., arranged
in corymbose cymes which afterwards lengthen out into stiff
elongated racemes with distant fl.; sep. oval, obtuse, mem-
branous ; capsule broadly ovoid, seeds very nearly smooth,
shining, red-brown.

Near the seacoast; rare. Colombo and Jaffna (Gardner). FI. white.

Also in S. India.

Wight’s figure represents a large hairy plant, unlike Ceylon examples,
and Burmann’s is not very characteristic. Thw. says this is ‘not un-
common’ on the coast, but there are no specimens collected by him
among the C. P. plants.

6. M. nudicaulis, Zam. Encycl. iv. 234 (1796).
Thw. Enum. 24. Burm. Thes. 14. C. P. 2809.
F]. B. Ind. ii. 664. Burm. Thes. t. 8, lower fig.

Gisekia.] Ficoidee. 27a

Annual, slender, |. all radical, crowded, about 14 in., oblong-
spathulate, rounded at apex, much tapering into ill-defined
petiole, glabrous, entire; fl.-stems several, erect, 4-6 in.,
slender, glabrous, leafless, trichotomously branched above, fl.
on stiff, glabrous ped., arranged in lax trichotomous cymes ;
sep. oval, very obtuse, with membranous margins, capsule
nearly globose ; seeds minute, reticulate, dull black.

Low country; rare: probably overlooked. Colombo (Thwaites).

Fl. Dec.; white.
Also in dry parts of India, Trop. Africa, New Caledonia, Cuba.

4. GISEKIA,* Z.

Annual, |. opp., without stip., fl. small, in axillary clusters ;
sep. 5, slightly connate at base, persistent; pet. 0; stam. 5,
hypogynous, fil. dilated below; carp. 5, distinct, ovule solitary
in each carp., basal; ripe carp. enclosed in persistent sep.,
membranous, seed ovoid, slightly compressed, filling the carp.,
embryo curved into a ring.—Sp. 5 or 6; 1 in #2. B. Ind.

G. pharnaceoides, ZL. Mant. 562 (1771). Manali, 7.

Moon Cat. 23. Thw. Enum. 250. C. P. 1093.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 664. Wight, Ic. t. 1167.

A rather succulent herb, Branches prostrate or ascending,
elongated, glabrous; |. opp., $—-# in., oblong-spathulate, taper-
ing at base to short petiole, obtuse or rounded and apiculate
at apex, glabrous, rather thick, glaucous; fl. very small,
numerous on slender ped., in dense, nearly sessile axillary
umbels; sep. oblong-oval, obtuse, with membranous borders;
ripe carp. membranous, surrounded by sep., seed solitary,
rounded on back, black, with scattered short white promi-
nences (glands ?).

Low country in damp sandy places; rather common. Jaffna; Trin-
comalie; seashore, Mt. Lavinia; Mannar. FI. Feb.

Drier parts of India, Afghanistan, Africa.

There are specimens of this in Hermann’s Herb. (i. fol. 19); and in
his Mus. (p. 4) he says it is eaten in salads, as is still the case. Linnzeus
seems to have included it under FI. Zeyl. n. 52 (Wollugo oppositifolia),
Hermann having given the same S. name for it.

The !eaves and other parts abound in large raphides.

* Commemorates P. D. Giseke, M.D. of Hamburg, Editor of Linnzeus’s
Prelectiones on the Natural Orders, published in 1792.

PART IL. al

274 U; mbelliferce. [ Hydrocotyle.

LXIITI.—UMBELLIFER/A.

ANNUAL or perennial herbs, 1. alt. simple or compound,
without stip. (except in Hydrocotyle) but with petiole sheath-
ing; fl. usually bisexual, often slightly irregular, in simple or
compound umbels; cal.-tube adnate to ov.,segm. 5 or 0 (so
that there seems to be no cal.); pet. 5, distinct, often bifid
with an inflexed apex, imbricate (sometimes valvate in Hydro-
cotyle); stam. 5, epigynous; ov. inferior, crowned with large
epigynous disk, 2-celled with one pendulous ovule in each
cell, styles 2; fruit of 2 separable carp. (mericarps) attached
by summit to slender central axis, indehiscent, with 5 ridges
down back and sides and often with sunken oil cavities (vittz)
between them ; seed pendulous, with a small embryo in carti-
laginous endosperm.

F]. in heads or simple umbels

Leaves entire I. HYDROCOTYLE.

Leaves palmatisect . : 5 : : . 2. SANICULA.
Fl. in compound umbels
Fruit rounded or slightly compressed laterally
Fl. yellow, 1. simple : : é . 3. BUPLEURUM.
Fl. white
Primary umbels with an involucre 4. CARUM.
Primary umbels without an involucre 5. PIMPINELLA.
Fruit much dorsally compres ee flat
Glabrous : 5 6. PEUCEDANUM.
Hairy 7. HERACLEUM.

Only Io species represent have this vast Order of temperate climates.
Of these, 6 are restricted to the hill country and 3 more extend into it,
Carum stictocarpum being the only species confined to the low country.

1. HYDROCOTYLE, /.

Prostrate perennial herbs, rooting at the nodes, |. orbicular
or reniform, with stip., fl. in very small heads or umbels opp.
the 1.; cal.-segm. minute or 0; pet. entire, valvate or imbricate;
fruit¥rather fleshy, laterally compressed, commissure narrow,
mericarps with the primary and sometimes the secondary ribs
visible, vittza o.—Sp. about 70; 5 in FZ. B. nd.

Stip. cauline; carp. with primary ribs only

L. 3-4 1n.; peduncles clustered . : - . I. H. JAVANICA.

L. under 1 in.; ; peduncles solitary . 2. H. ROTUNDIFOLIA.
Stip petiolar ; carp. with both pamary and se-

condary ribs 3. H. ASIATICA.

Hydrocotyle. OUmbellifere. Dis

I. H. javanica, 7iund. Diss. ii. 415 (1800), Maha-gotukola, 5S.

Hf. capitata, Moon Cat. 22. A. zeylanica, DC. Prod. iv. 6, 7. Z#.
nepalensis, Hk., Arn. Pug. 19. Thw. Enum. 130. C. P. 1634, 2812.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 667. Wight, Ic. t. 1003 (4. folycephala).

Stems very long, succulent, slightly pubescent especially
beneath the nodes, sending up erect, stout, flexuose branches;
. 1. 3-4 in, orbicular in outline, rather broader than long, very
deeply cordate, palmately lobed less than half way down, very
coarsely crenate, thin, very shining on both sides, with a few
weak bristly hairs on the veins, petiole of |. from prostrate
stem, erect, 6—8 in., of those of upright branches much shorter,
cylindrical, pubescent, stip. large, cauline, rotundate, mem-
branous ; fl. very small, sessile, 20 or more crowded in dense
globular heads on short hairy peduncles 2-6 together from
nodes of the upright branches; cal.-segm. 0; pet. lanceolate,
acute, valvate; ov. much compressed, glabrous, style spreading ;
fruit under 4 in., much compressed, smooth, mericarps with
primary ridges.

Moist places in grass under trees; very common in the moist region
up to 7000 ft. Fl. May—October; pale green.

Also in India, Malaya, Trop. Australia, and E. Trop. Asia.

The large stip. completely enclose the end of the growing branch and
young leaf. At the higher elevations the petioles and peduncles are more
woolly, and the flowers on longish pedicels, var. B, Zhw. (C. P. 2812).
H!. zeylanica, DC., was collected by Leschenault about Kandy, and is
merely a luxuriant form.

Used medicinally in the same way as H. aszatica. Mr. E. Green, of

Pundaluoya, states (Taprobanian, ili. 7) that the Tamil coolies employ it
as a fish-poison.

2. H. rotundifolia, Rox). Hort. Beng. 21 (1813).
H. nitidula, Hk., Thw. Enum. 130. C. P. 1635.
Fl. B. Ind. ii. 668. Wight, Ic. t. 564.

Very small, stems filiform, copiously rooting, glabrous ;
1. $-? in., nearly circular in outline, the basal lobes almost in
contact, but not overlapping, palmately cut half way down
into 5 or 7 broad obtuse lobes, crenate, glabrous and shining
above, with few coarse hairs beneath, petiole erect, 4-14 in.,
glabrous, stip. membranous, obtuse; fl. minute, almost sessile,
4-8 in a head, peduncle very short, slender, solitary, bracts
oblong, as long as fl.; pet. lanceolate, acute, valvate; styles
spreading; fruit extremely small, rather broader than long,
compressed, mericarps with primary ribs blunt, glabrous.

Upper montane zone, in moist places rather common. Nuwara Eliya;

Hakgala; Horton Plains. FI. all the year; pinkish.
Also in India, Malaya, W. Trop. Africa.

276 Umbellifere. [Sanicula,

3. H. asiatica, LZ. Sf. Pl. 234 (1753). Win-gotukola, S.
Vallarai, 7.

Herm. Par Bat; 238) Burm.) Thes. 122. Fli(Zeyl. ni 11ce\aen
Catr22-ebhwa enum 130% Pa2o10:

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 669. Herm. Par. Bat. t. 238. Wight, Ic.t. 565. Bent.
and Trim. Med. PI. t. 117.

Stems long, prostrate, given off from l.-axils of a short
vertical rootstock, cord-like, glabrous, with very long inter-
nodes; 1. several from the rootstock and 1 to 2 from each
node of the runners, petiole 3-6 in., erect, glabrous, furrowed
above, stip. short, adnate to petiole and forming a sheathing
base, blade horizontal, more or less cupped, 14$—2 in., reniform,
rather broader than long, the rounded basal lobes often over-
lapping, shallowly dentate-crenate, glabrous and shining on
both sides; fl. nearly sessile, usually 3 together at end of short
erect pubescent peduncles, 1-3 from the nodes, opp. the lL,

bracts 2, close beneath umbel, ovate, obtuse; cal.-segm. 0;

pet. minute, ovate, acute, slightly imbricate (?); ov. very much
compressed, slightly hairy, styles very short, erect; fruit
about 4in., ovoid, hard, pericarps thickened, mericarps with
the primary and secondary ribs very obscure or vein-like.

Waste grassy places from sea-level to the highest elevations; a very
common weed. FI. May to October; dark pink.

In all Tropical and Sub-tropical countries.

Much used as an alterative tonic, especially for children, and has aleo
a reputation for skin complaints. The powdered dry leaves are an official
drug in the Indian Pharmacopceia.

2. SANICULA, Z.

A perennial, erect herb, 1. deeply palmatisect; fl. minute,
in small involucrate heads arranged in cymes; cal.-segm.
lanceolate ; pet. with a long incurved point; fruit ovoid, not
compressed, thickly covered with hooked spiny prickles, ribs
obscure.—Sp. 10; 1 in AZ. B. Ind.

S. europea, L. Sp. Pl. 235 (1753).

Thw. Enum. 130. C. P. 2 2813,

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 670. Wight, Ic. t. 1004 (S. e/aza).

Rootstock stout, ascending; 1. mostly radical, on erect
petioles 4-6 in. long and glabrous and sheathing at the base,
14-2 in, very broadly ovate in outline, cordate at base,
palmately cut nearly to the bottom into 3 acute, spinous-
serrate lobes often again deeply 3-fid, glabrous on both sides,
dark green above, paler beneath; flowering stem 9-18 in.
high, slightly dichotomously branched above, with a short-
petioled leaf at each node, striate, glabrous ; fl. sessile, 3 or 4

wee TS
2a ah he Bt ee ee EI

Bupleurum.] Unibell. afer a. 2777)

in little heads on long peduncles arranged in trichotomous
cymes, bracts of involucre about 9, short, linear, acute ; pet.
minute, bifid, with a long incurved acute point; ov. thickly
covered with long, erect, soft, white, hooked prickles, styles
long, spreading; fruit about 3in., ovoid, not compressed,
thickly set with stiff spreading hooked prickles, mericarps
semicircular on section, the ribs very obscure.

Upper montane zone in woods, very rare. N. Eliya (Nock); Elk
Plains; between Maturata and Nuwara Eliya. Fl]. April-June; white.

Also in the Himalaya and Nilgiris, and in Temp. Asia and Africa and
Europe. An English species.

3. BUPLEURUM, L.

Herbaceous, |. quite entire, fl. in compound umbels with
both general and partial involucres, small, yellow; cal.-segm.
0; pet. broad, notched point much inflexed ; disk broad, flat ;
fruit not compressed, mericarps somewhat pentagonal, ridges
very distinct, with 1-3 vitte between them.—Sp. 60; 13 in
Fl. B. Ind.

B. virgatum, VW. and A. Prod. 370 (1834). Wal-enduru, S.

B. nervosum, Moon Cat. 22. JS. falcatum, L., var., Thw. Enum. 131.
C, Biger;

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 676 (B. mucronatum, var.). Wight, Ic. t. 1007 (B.
YAMOSISSLNIUUML).

Annual (or perennial ?), stem erect, 1-3 ft., with many
ascending branches, cylindrical, striate, glabrous; |. grass-like,
sessile, 24-44 in., amplexicaul but not sheathing at base,
linear, acuminate, mucronate at apex, glabrous, glaucous green,
with a very narrow horny margin, veins slender, nearly parallel,
distinct and unbranched; general umbels long-stalked, nu-
merous, arranged in lax, elongated, terminal, somewhat
corymbose panicles, rays 4-6, general involucre of 3-6 lanceo-
late-linear very acuminate bracts, partial umbels of 6-8 fl, ped.
short, partial involucre of 4 or 5 bracts rather exceeding f1.;
pet. distant, broad, point much inflexed; fruit rather over } in.,
ovoid, brown, shining, mericarps rounded on back with the
primary ribs prominent, and with a broad, conspicuous dark
vitta in each furrow, often with a smaller one on either side.

Rocky open places and patanas in the montane zone, 3000-7000 ft.;
common on the Eastern (Uva) slopes, but scarcely found on the Western
‘Kandy) side. FI). Feb.-August; lemon-yellow.

Also in the Nilgiri Mts.
The Ceylon plant is not at all variable except in size, but the Fl. B.

Dy 8 GT; mbelitferce. [| Pzmpinella.

Ind. is no doubt right in combining Wight’s three species, B. vzrgatum,
mucronatum, and ramosisstmunz, into one. Moon’s name is the oldest,
but was published (as were all of his names) without description.

4. CARUM, L.

Herbaceous, |. compound; fl. in compound umbels with
both general and partial involucres; cal.-segm. very small ;
pet. broad, obtuse; fruit ovoid, scarcely compressed, meri-
carps sub-pentagonal, ridges slender, with a single vitta in the
furrows.—Sp. about 50; 10 in /Z. B. Lnd.

C. stictocarpum, Clarke in 27. B. Ind. ii. 688 (1879).

Annual, 2-5 in. high, much branched, stem glabrous;
lower |. pinnate or bipinnate, lflts. deeply cut into linear-
lanceolate apiculate segm., glabrous petiole with broad ciliate
sheaths ; primary umbels with 3-5 rays, involucre of 3 seta-
ceous bracts, partial umbel of 6-10 fl., involucre of 3-6 lan-
ceolate-linear bracts with broad white margins; ov. finely
pubescent; pet. broad, obtuse; fruit very small, glabrous,
brown, mericarps not compressed, the ridges slender, filiform,
rather faint.

Dry country, very rare. In sheltered crevices of the rocky boulders
of coral-stone forming the headland at Kirimalai near Kankesanturai,
Jaffna, abundant. There are also specimens in Herb. Perad. from
W. Ferguson, without locality, labelled ‘ Pzmpinella involucrata (?)’
Fl. Feb., white.

Also from Concan, Western India, and Mt. Abu, N.W. Provinces,
India.

The numerous specimens in Hb. Kew are all much more luxuriant
than ours, which are, doubtless, much dwarfed by the very hot and dry
locality. It is possibly an accidental introduction.

[C. nothum, Clarke, is recorded with doubt for Ceylon in FI. B. Ind. ii.
681. There are specimens in Hb. Kew so localised by Dr. T. Thomson,
but an error is probable. Another specimen is from Mysore. |

C. Roxburghianum, Benth. (Ptychotis, DC.), cultivated in native
gardens, is an occasional weed. It is figured in Wight, Ic. t. 567.

5. PIMPINELLA, L.

Annual or perennial, |. simple or compound, fl. in com-
pound umbels, with partial but no general involucre; pet.
with long inflexed points ; fruit ovoid or subglobose, slightly
compressed, mericarp subterete, but flat or concave at com-
missure, ridges prominent or obscure, vittze 2 or 3 in each
furrow.—Sp. about 70; 22 in FZ. B. Ind.

Leaves trifoliolate . P . I. P. HEYNEANA.
Leaves simple. : : . 2. P. LESCHENAULTII.

Peucedanunt | Unibellifere. 27.9

I. P. Heyneana, Wall. Caz. 7.566 (1828). Wal-asamodagan, S.

Stum triternatum, Moon Cat. 22. Aelosciadium Heyneanumt., DC.,
Thw. Enum. 130. Arn. Pug. 19. C. P. 182.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 684.

Annual, stem 13-3 ft., with ascending branches, glabrous;
|. trifoliolate, smaller upwards, rachis 14-3 in., dilated with
ciliate margin at base, lfits. stalked, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, tapering to base and apex, acute, coarsely serrate,
glabrous, the lat. ones often deeply 3-lobed; primary umbels
6—12-rayed, rays slender, unequal; partial umbels 4—8-flowered,
with long spreading unequal ped., bractlets 1 or 2, linear, or 0;
styles short; fruit very small, 7; in., almost globose, slightly
didymous, primary ridges slender, prominent.

Waste ground and roadsides, rather rare. Four Korales (Moon);
Uva, very abundant up to 4ooo ft. (Thwaites); Morowak Korale; Anurad-
hapura.

Also in India and Burma.

In Morowak Korale this was growing in great abundance with
Kurakkan, and looked as if purposely sown.

2. P. Leschenaultii, DC. Prod. iv. 122 (1830).

Thw. Enum. 131. C. P. 515.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 687. Wight, Ic. t. 1005.

Perennial with a branched rootstock ; |. nearly all radical,
petioles erect, from 2 to 12 in., sparingly hairy, much dilated
and sheathing at base, blade 14-4 in., rotundate-ovate, very
deeply cordate at base, with a narrow sinus or with the
rounded lobes slightly overlapping, coarsely crenate-dentate,
glabrous above, more or less hairy beneath and on edges,
rather thick, veins conspicuous beneath, stem-l. few, much
smaller and on shorter petioles, the uppermost ones cut into
lanceolate segm.; primary umbels with 12-20 equal pubescent
rays, partial ones of 15-20 fl., ped. pubescent, bractlets few,
setaceous, hairy; pet. with a long inflexed point, the outer
ones of the umbels somewhat radiant; styles rather long,
erect, ov. pubescent; fruit about ¢in., ovoid, rather tapering
upwards, crowned with cal.-segm. and conical disk, mericarps
very slightly compressed, concave on commissure, ribs obscure,
vittz small, 2 in each furrow, and 2 on commissure.

In wet places in the patanas, upper montane zone, very rare. Only

on Horton Plains and on the descent thence to Galagama. FI. Feb.; white.
Also in the Nilgiris.

6. PEUCEDANUM, J.

Herbaceous, |. triternate, umbels compound, with no
general and a small partial involucre; pet. obovate, bifid ;

280 Ombellifere. | Heracleum.

fruit oblong-oval, very much compressed, mericarps flat, the 3
dorsal ridges slender and narrow, the 2 lat. ones expanded
into narrow wings, vitte solitary in the furrows.—Sp. about
100; 9 in Fd. B. Ind.

P. zeylanicum, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 14 (1847).

Palimbia ramosissima, Thw. Enum. 131 (non DC.). C. P. 135.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 710.

Annual (?), stem erect, 3-5 ft., branched, striate, glabrous,
hollow ; radical 1. about 1 ft. long, triternate, rachis slender,
glabrous, sheathing at base, lflts. very deeply 3-sect, the lobes
linear, acuminate, very acute, glabrous, glaucous; uppermost
1. reduced to sheaths with a few small filiform segm.; primary
umbels with 10-12 rays, no involucre, partial of 10-12 fl. on
very long ped., bractlets few, setaceous; fruit {-% in., very
much compressed, tipped with conical disk, mericarps very
thin, the dorsal ridges slightly raised.

Upper montane zone, very rare. Found by Gardner, in 1846, in open
grassy rocky places on the descent from Horton Plains to Galagama, but
not since collected. Fl. Feb., March; white.

Gardner says that the plant when bruised gives an odour like that of
Fennel, and that it was called ‘ Wal-enduru’ by the Sinhalese.

7, HERACLEUM, Z.

Perennial herb, 1. mostly radical, pinnate, umbels com-
pound, many-rayed, with both general and partial involucres ;
cal.-segm, acute; pet. with long inflexed point; fruit oval, very
much compressed, mericarps flat, with 3 dorsal ribs flat and
broad and 2 lateral ones expanded into broad wings, vittz
conspicuous, one in each furrow and. several on .commissure,
carpophore bipartite—Sp. 50; 21 in FZ. B. Ind.

H. zeylanicum, Gardn. in Fi. B. Ind. ii. 716 (1879).

Szum lobatum, Moon Cat. 22. HA. nepalense, Dor, Arn. Pug. 19. 7.
Sprengelianum, Thw. Enum. 131 (non W. and A.). C. P. 145.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 716.

Rootstock stout, ascending, nodose, tough; |. mostly
radical, spreading, pinnate, rachis 4-10 in., stout, cylindrical,
hairy, with broad ciliate stip. adnate to lower part and forming
a sheathing base, lflts. 3-7 (1-3 pair and an end one), 2-3 in.,
the lowest pair generally stalked, broadly ovate in outline,
but very deeply pinnately cut (often almost to the base) into
broadly oblong, acute, coarsely spinous-serrate lobes, hairy on
both sides, especially on the raised reticulate venation beneath;

Polyscias.| Arahacee. 281

flowering stem 1-24 ft., erect, slightly branched, striate, finely
hairy, stem-l. few, gradually smaller upwards, and at top re-
duced to the broad sheathing petioles without Iflts., umbels
few, on long stalks, general with about 12-20 rays and an
involucre of 2 or 3 inconspicuous obtuse bracts, partial with
about 20 fl. on rather long ped. and an involucre of few un-
equal lanceolate bractlets; pet. broad, a long, attenuate
incurved apex; styles short, curved ; fruit 3-4 in., very much
compressed, oval or oblong-oval, rounded at both ends, often
slightly obovate, mericarps much dorsally flattened, clabrous
and shining, wings semi-transparent, vitte black.

Upper montane zone, rather common. FI. Feb.—July ; greenish-white,
anth. purple.

Endemic.

In Fl. B. Ind. ii. 715, some specimens of C. P. 145 collected by
Gardner on Adam’s Peak are referred to AH. rvzgens, Wall. figured in
Wight, Ic. t. 1059. I do not, however, think we have more than a single
species, and, though probably it is conspecific with the Nilgiri forms,
it does not quite agree with any of Wight’s figures or descriptions.
That figured in Wight, Ill. ii. t. 116 (as Pastinaca ligustictfolia), seems
nearest. The form of the lower leaves is very variable, and on Horton
Plains occurs a luxuriant form with very much cut leaves, which are nearly
glabrous.

LXIV.—ARALIACE/E.

TREES or climbing shrubs, |. compound, alt., with stip. adnate
to petiole; fl. regular, bisexual; cal.-tube adnate to ov.,
segm. very small or 0; pet. 5-9, distinct, valvate ; stam. 5-9,
epigynous; ov. quite (rarely only 4-) inferior, crowned with
epigynous disk, 4-9-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each
cell, styles as many as cells, distinct or connate or 0; fruit
small, berry-like, indehiscent, pyrenes several, compressed,
embryo minute in copious endosperm.

L. pinnate ; : ; : 5 , : MIE LOLVSCIAS:
L. digitate : ; 5 : ‘ : . 2, HEPTAPLEURUM.

Heptapleurum allan and emarginatum inhabit the moist low
country, Polyscias and the other species of Heptapleurum the montane
zone, into which also #7. emarginatum extends.

I. POLYSCIAS, /orst.

Tree, |. imparipinnate, with adnate stip., fl. jointed on the
ped., in panicles; cal.-limb with 5 tooth-like segm. pet. 5,

282 Aratiacee. [Heptapleurum.

thick, valvate ; stam. 5, small, epigynous; disk flat ; ov. quite
inferior, 4- or 5-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each cell,
styles 4 or 5, distinct; fruit broadly ovoid, ribbed, pyrenes
compressed, endosperm not ruminate.—Sp. 8; 2 in FZ. B. Lud.

P. acuminata, Seem. in Journ. Bot. iii. 181 (1865).

Hedera acuminata, Wight, Thw. Enum. 131. C. P. 4.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 727. Wight, Ic. t. 1062. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 213.

A small tree, quite glabrous; |. large, pinnate, rachis
8-9 in., stout, cylindrical, somewhat thickened at base and
amplexicaul, Iflts. 5 or 7 (2 or 3 pairs and end one) shortly
stalked, 34-44 in., lanceolate, acute at base, attenuate, very
acute at apex, entire, with narrowly recurved margin, glabrous,
rather thick; fl. on short stout ped. articulated at each end,
3-5 in little umbels terminating short branches, which come
off from upper parts of thick erect axes, 2-5 of which are
umbellately arranged at end of stout peduncle opp. the lL,
bracts linear, setaceous ; cal. glabrous, segm. acute; pet. very
thick, concave, apex inflexed, acute; disk broad, fleshy ;
styles short, erect, blunt; fruit (not seen ripe) crowned with
cal.-limb and enlarged spreading styles, obscurely ribbed,
glabrous.

Montane zone; very rare. Banks of streams, Gangalla, near Adam’s
Peak, between 4000 and 5000 ft. (Thwaites); Bogawantalawa. FI. Feb.-
May; pale green.

Also in the mountains of S. India.

| Pentapanax Leschenaultz:, Seem., is given for Ceylon in FI. B. Ind
ii. 724, but I do not know on what authority. There are no specimens. ]

Panax fruticosum, L., is a very common cultivated hedge-plant. Itis
probably a native of Malaya, but is nowhere now found wild.

2. HEPTAPLEURUM, Gaertn.

Trees or climbing shrubs, |. digitate, with stip. adnate to
petiole or intrapetiolar, fl. in umbels or racemes arranged in
panicles ; cal.-limb small or absent; pet. 5-9, valvate, stam.
same number as pet., epigynous, disk flat or prominent, ov.
quite or half inferior, cells as many as pet. and stam., with a
single pendulous ovule in each cell, styles usually o or very
short or combined into a cone; fruit small, ovoid, often bluntly
ribbed, endosperm not ruminate.—Sp. 50; 15 in FZ. B. Ind.

Lfits. 4-9.
Styles combined intoacone . 5 : . I. H. RACEMOSUM.
Styles o.
Climbing shrub; disk flat. : s . 2. H. STEDUATIOE
Tree ; disk conical ; : 5 ‘ . 3. H. EXALTATUM.

Lfits. solitary or 3. : : j : : . 4. H. EMARGINATUM.

Fleptapleurum.| Araliacee. 28 3

I. H. racemosum, edd. Fl. Sylv. t. 214 (1873 °?).

Hledera racemosa, Wight, Thw. Enum. 132. C. P. 549.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 729. Wight, Ic. t. 1015. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 214 (froma
Ceylon specimen).

A large tree, much branched, branchlets stout, marked
with scars of fallen l., young parts covered with dense, pale
orange, readily detached scurf; 1. palmate, petiole 4-5 in.,
cylindrical, thickened and stem-clasping at base, Iflts. 5-9,
spreading, on stalks about 1 in. long, oblong-ovate, 3-4 in.,
rounded at base, acuminate, usually twisted at apex, often
conduplicate, quite glabrous when mature, dark green above,
paler beneath, rather coriaceous, venation reticulate, pellucid ;
fl. numerous, on short, stout, furfuraceous ped., arranged in
umbellate stalked racemes spreading divaricately from stout
rachis of large, erect, or drooping terminal or extra-axillary
panicle which is over 12 in. long, buds small, ovoid, blunt ;
cal. furfuraceous, limb very slightly developed, truncate ; pet.
usually 5, ovate, subacute ; disk nearly flat; ov. quite inferior,
styles combined into a short blunt cone; fruit about } in,
ovoid, tipped with a beak, with 5-9 blunt, vertical ribs.

Forests of montane zone, 3000-6000 ft.; rather common. FI. April,
May; pale green.

Also in the mountains of S. India.

The leaflets of young plants are often deeply gashed, with unequal
narrow very acute segment.

2. H. stellatum, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 472 (1791). Itta, Itta-
wel, S.

Herm. Mus. 50. Hedera terebinthacea, Vahl, Symb. i. 42; Moon
Cat. 18. Paratropia terebinthacea, Arn. Pug. 20. Hedera Vahliz, Thw.
Bosn.132. C. P. 1632.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 730. Wight, Ic. t. 1011 (Hedera osovata).

A large, scandent, epiphytic shrub, branchlets stout,
glabrous, marked with leaf-scars ; 1. palmate, petiole 24-4 in.,
cylindrical, glabrous, thickened and with an amplexicaul
sheath at base, lflts. 4-7, on petioles 4-1 in., oval, 24-33 in.,
acute at both ends, rather thick, glabrous; fl. over § in., on
rather long slender glabrous ped. articulated at base, 3-8 in
stalked umbels arranged on branches of large terminal
panicles, bracts membranous, acuminate, soon falling, buds
very blunt; cal. truncate without a limb; pet. 6-9 (usually 8)
acute, with an inflexed point; stam. shorter than pet.; disk
large but not prominent; ov. 6-9-celled ; styles 0; fruit over
} in., clavate-ovoid, faintly ribbed, yellow.

Moist low country to 3000ft. or higher; common. FI. June; yellow.

Also in S. India.

The leaves used as a cattle medicine.

284 Arahacee. | Heptapleurum.

3. H. exaltatum, Seem. 77 Journ. Bot. iii. 80 (1865).

Fledera exaltata, Thw. Enum. 132. C. P. 1633.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 730 (4. Wallichianum).

A large tree, glabrous; |. palmate, petiole 8-9 in., stout,
cylindrical, glabrous, Iflts. 5-9, on stalks 14-2 in. long, large,
5-8 in., oblong-lanceolate, rounded at base, acuminate, entire,
glabrous, thickly coriaceous ; fl. nearly 4 in., ped. § in., 12-20
in long-stalked umbels, arranged on a stout rachis over 1 ft.
long, no bracts, buds large, nearly globular; cal. glabrous,
limb truncate; pet. 7-0, linear-oblong, acute, thick; stam. 7-9,
spreading, fil. flat, narrow; disk very large, conical, blunt,
ribbed ; ov. 4-inferior, styles 0; fruit 4 in., globose, the upper
half above the rim of the cal.-limb, with 7-9 blunt vertical
ribs, glabrous.

Montane zone, 4000-6000 ft.; rather rare. Hunasgiriya; Passelawe;

Ramboda. FI. June.
Also in the mountains of S. India.

4. H. emarginatum, Seem. 72 Journ. Bot. i. 80 (1865). [PLATE
SAV:

Woe emarginata, Moon Cat. 18; Thw. Enum. 132. C. P. 655.

Fl. B. Ind. 11. 729.

An epiphytic climbing shrub, but often dwarf and bushy,
glabrous, branches stout, virgate, with numerous short lateral
branchlets, bark silvery-grey ; 1. numerous, closely placed, 1-
(rarely 3-) foliolate, petiole #-1 in., slender, thickened and
amplexicaul at base, Iflts. nearly sessile, articulated on petiole
14-14 in., cuneate or oblong-cuneate, tapering to base, truncate
rounded and deeply emarginate or 2-lobed at apex, very thick
(veins prominent when dried); fl. rather small, on rather long
stiff ped., 2-4 together in small umbels at end of divaricate,
slender branches of very lax panicles coming off opp. the 1.
of the lat. branchlets, no bracts; cal.-limb 0, pet. 5, ovate,
acute, very soon falling; stam. longer than pet.; disk rather
prominent; ov. quite inferior, 5- (rarely 4-) celled, styles 5
(or 4), very short, distinct; fruit small, 3 in., broadly ovoid,
truncate, smooth, pulpy, dark purple.

Moist country up to 4000 ft.; rather rare. Sabaragamuwa (Moon);
Hunasgiriya (Thw.); Kukul Korale; near Peradeniya; Kuruwita Korale.
Fl. May, June; greenish-pink.

Endemic. :

This curious species often appears as an ordinary bush, but it is able
to climb the largest trees.

Alangium.| Cornacee. 285

LXV.—CORNACE.

TREES or shrubs, I. alt., without stip.; cal.-tube adnate to ov.,
segm. 4 or 5; pet. 4-10, valvate; stam. def. or indef., epigynous;
ov. quite inferior, crowned with epigynous disk, 1-celled with
a single pendulous ovule, style simple; fruit a drupe, epicarp
fleshy, stone woody; seed oblong, embryo in fleshy endosperm.
Stam. I5 or more; pet. very long . : ‘ : . I. ALANGIUM.
Stam. 4 or 5; pet. short . : 3 ; ; : a 25 MUAGTIDSTAL

Alangium Lamarcki is a dry-country plant, MJastixia arborea is
montane, the other two species are found in the moist region, extending
into the hills.

1. ALANGIUM,* Zam.

Trees or shrubs, 1. alt., no stip., fl. in axillary clusters ;
cal.-tube adnate to ov., limb saucer-shaped, segm. 5, small ;
pet. usually 6 (4-10) long, valvate; stam. 15-indef., epigynous,
fil. short, with a tuft of hair near base, anth. very long, linear;
ov. inferior, 1-celled, with a single pendulous ovule, style very
long, surrounded at base by epigynous disk, stigma large,
4-lobed; drupe externally fleshy, crowned with cal.-limb ;
seed solitary, embryo straight in axis of slightly ruminate
endosperm, cotyledons foliaceous.—Sp. 2 or 3; 1in FZ B. Lud.

Small erect tree; fruit I in. . : : ; . I. A. LAMARCKIL.
Subscandent shrub; fruit 2Zin.. . : ‘ . 2, A. GLANDULOSUM.

1. A. Lamarckhii, 7/iw. Enum. 133 (1859). Mul-anninchil, 7.

A. decapetalum and A. hexapetalum, Lam., Moon Cat. 42. Thw.
Enum. 133. C. P. 760.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 741. Wight, Ic. t. 194 (A. decapetalum), Ill. t. 96 (A.
hexapetalum).

An erect tree of small size, occasionally with short, sharp,
spinous branchlets, bark whitish, young parts pubescent ;
|. variable, 24-6 in., oblong-oval or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
rounded at base, more or less acuminate, obtuse at apex,
entire, glabrous above, pubescent on veins beneath and
often with small tufts of hair in their axils, venation rather
prominent beneath, the lat. veins very oblique, petiole short,
pubescent; fl. large, on densely pubescent ped. 3 in. long and
jointed near the top, 1-3 in the axils; cal. silky-pubescent,

* Alangi is given by Rheede as the Malabar name.

286 Cornacee. [ Wastixia.

segm. very shallow, acute; pet. usually 6, about 2—? in.,
narrowly linear, densely pubescent outside, reflexed; stam.
numerous (over 20), nearly as long as pet., erect; style as
long as stam., stigma very large; fruit nearly globular when
fully ripe (previously oblong-oval), near I in. diam., capped
with persistent cal.-limb, finely pubescent, not ribbed, pur-
plish-red.

Dry and intermediate regions; rather common. Jaffna; Bintenne;
Polonarua; Uma-oya; Lagalla District; Hanguranketa; Dikwelle Uva;
Kurunegala. Also about Colombo, but not wild there. Fl. June-July;
white.

Also throughout India and Malaya, S. China, Philippines, and E.
Africa.

Moon gives native names, ‘ Ipetta’ and ‘ Katapetta,’ for this, and
‘ Kiri-anguna’ has been given me, but I doubt if it has a real Sinhalese
name. Specimens from Polonarua have narrowly oblong-linear leaves.

The bark is bitter. Heart-wood hard, close-grained, dark yellow.

2. A. glandulosum, 7iw. Enum. 133 (1859).
Ceo IPs Ail
Fl. B. Ind. 11. 742 (A. Lamarckiz, var.)..

A subscandent shrub, climbing by its horizontal branchlets,
bark brown, young parts furfuraceous, dark red; 1. 24-5 in.,
oblong-oval or oblong-lanceolate, acute at base, conspicuously
caudate-acuminate, glabrous above, very minutely glandular-
puberulent beneath, lat. veins with small glandular pits in
their axils; fl. smaller than in the last, ped. glandular-
pubescent, articulated close to the top with 3 or 4 small
bractlets beneath the joint, 1-4 in the axils; cal. glandular-
pubescent, segm. small, very acute; pet. usually 6, barely $in.,
linear ; stam. 15-20; fruit 2 in. diam., nearly globose, smooth,
purplish-red.

Moist region, 2000-4000 ft.; rather rare. Dolosbagie; Alagala;

Hantane; Ambagamuwa; Adam’s Peak. FI]. March; white, calyx red.
Endemic.

This is regarded as a variety of A. Lamarckiz in FI. B. Ind.; it does
not appear ever to have thorns.

2, MASTIXIA, 3/.

Large trees, |. alt., without stip., fl. in terminal panicles; cal.-
tube adnate to ov., segm. 4 or 5, small; pet. 4 or 5, valvate;
stam. 4 or 5, epigynous, anth. short; disk large, fleshy ; ov.
quite inferior, 1-celled, with a single pendulous ovule, style
simple ; drupe with a hard fleshy epicarp, and a bony endo-
carp, which is deeply intruded down one side; seed ovoid,

Mastixia.] Cornacee. 237

embryo narrow, in copious fleshy endosperm, radicle very long.
—Sp. 8; 6in Fl. B. lnd.

Placed in Olacacee by some authors.

Stam. and pet.4 . : . : ° 6 . I. M. TETRANDRA.
Stam. and pet.5 . 3 : : : : . 2. M. ARBOREA.

1. M. tetranda, Clarke ix Fl. B. Ind. ii. 745 (1879). Maha-
tawara, S. [PLATE XLVII.]

Bursinopetalum tetrandrum, Wight, Thw. Enum. 42. C. P. 2441.

FI]. B. Ind. ii. 745.

A large tree, bark smooth, pale, twigs numerous, stout,
puberulous ; |. 3-4 in., oval or lanceolate-oval, acute at base,
caudate-acuminate, obtuse at apex, entire, glabrous, rather
stiff, dark green, pale beneath, petiole 4 in., channelled above ;
fi. small, about i in., on very short pubescent ped., in lax,
terminal, corymbose panicles ; cal.-segm. broad, shallow; pet.
4, ovate, acute; stam, 4, fil. very short ; style very short; fruit
2 or = in., ovoid-oblong, crowned with small cal.-teeth and

style, cylindrical, smooth.

Var. 8, Thwaitesii, Clarke, /.c. Diya-taleya, S.C. P. 2542.

Young parts glabrous, |. crowded, smaller, 13—2 in., erect,
rounded or very obtuse at apex, rather coriaceous; panicles
small, few-flowered, glabrous.

Moist region up to 4ooo ft.; rather rare. Deltota; Ambagamuwa.
Var. 8, montane zone, 4000-7000 ft.; rather common. Fl. March—-May;
pale green.

Endemic. ce

Var. 8 ought perhaps to be regarded as a distinct species. Wood red,
rather heavy, liable to split. The leaves have a resinous odour and dry
black, and the bark yields a scented resin. The inflorescence is some-
times monstrous, the flowers being converted into short twigs, set with
minute imbricated bracts.

2. M. arborea, Clarke in Fl. B. Ind. ii. 746 (1879).

Bursinopetalum arboreum, Wight, Thw. Enum. 42. C. P. 637, 2440.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 746. Wight, Ic. t. 956.

A large tree, twigs very stout, glabrous, marked with leaf-
scars; 1. 4-8 in., oval or obovate-oval, tapering to base, rounded
or very shortly acuminate at apex, margins often revolute,
glabrous, coriaceous, petiole 4-14 in., broad, flattened above ;
fl. in. wide, on very short ped., in threes at ends of branches
of stout, terminal corymbose panicles, bracts small, lanceolate,
acuminate; cal. glabrous, segm. triangular, acute; pet. 5,
ovate-oblong, acute, with an inflexed thickened apex; stam.
5; disk large, prominent; style short, conical; fruit about
1} in., oblong-ovoid, cylindrical, truncate, smooth, purplish-
green.

288 G, apref. oltaceg. [Viturnum.

Montane zone, 4000-7000 ft., rather rare. Hantane; Dimbula;
Ambagamuwa; Nuwara Eliya. FI. March, April; green, disk yellow.

Also in Cachar and the Nilgiris.

The leaves dry black. C. P. 2440 has leaves with larger petioles and
a broader fruit.

LXVI.—CAPRIFOLIACE.

SHRUBS or small trees, 1. opp., without stip., fl. regular, bi-
sexual, in paniculate cymes; cal.-tube adnate to ov., limb
small, segm. 5; cor. tubular-campanulate, lobes 5, equal ;
stam. 5, inserted on cor.-tube; ov. inferior, 1-3-celled, with a
single ovule in each cell, style very short, stigma large, slightly
3-lobed; fruit a drupe, with a thin hard endocarp, 1-seeded;
seed compressed, embryo very small in fleshy endosperm.

Chiefly distinguished from Rudzacee by the absence of stipules. Both
our species occur only in the higher mountain region.

VIBURNUM, J.

For characters, see Order.—Sp. 80; 17 in FV. B. nd.

L. entire; fruit black : : : 4 : . I. V. CORIACEUM.
L. serrate; fruit red . ‘ : : : : . 2. V. ERUBESCENS.

1. V. coriaceum, &/. Bijd., 656 (1825).

V. zeylanicum, Gardn. ex Hk. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 179.
V. hebanthum, Thw. Enum. 136 (non W. and A.). C. P. 39.

BiB. Indean: 5: :

A large shrub, young parts glandular-pilose; 1. 4-5 in.;
oval-lanceolate, subacute at base, shortly acuminate, acute at
apex, entire, somewhat undulate, glabrous above and very
nearly so beneath; rather thick, lat. veins about 6 on each
side, oblique, prominent beneath, petiole ?-1 in., channelled
above; fl. sessile, in threes at ends of branches of terminal,
stalked, umbellate-corymbose cymes, finely glandular-pubes-
cent; cal.-limb very short, segm. very small; cor. nearly
glabrous, lobes very small, acute, spreading; stam. slightly
exserted ; fruit } in., oblong-ovoid, compressed, tipped with
small cal.-limb, glabrous, black, endocarp 2-grooved on dorsal,
I-grooved on ventral surface.

Var. 6, capitellata, Clarke. JW’. cafitellata, Wight, Ic. t. 1022.
Fruit rather smaller and more compressed. |

Rubtacee. 289

Upper montane zone; common(?). Horton Plains; Maturata;
Adam’s Peak. Var. 8, Adam’s Peak (Fl. B. Ind.). Fl. April, white.
Also in the mountains of India and Malaya.

2. V. erubescens, Wall. P/. Astat. Rar. ii. 29 (1830).

Thw. Enum. 136. C. P. 1636.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 7. Wight, Ic. t. 1024 (V. Wiehtianum). Wall. 1. c.
t. 134.

A small slender tree with few virgate branches, bark
smooth, yellowish, buds stellate-pubescent; 1. 2-4 in, oval,
acute or rounded at base, acuminate, acute at apex, sharply
dentate-serrate in upper half, glabrous above, stellate-hairy
on veins beneath; thin, lat. veins 4 or 5 on each side, very
oblique, conspicuous, petiole $—? in., sparsely stellate-hairy;
fl. on short ped., in small, slightly drooping, racemose cymes,
terminating short lateral branchlets; cal. glabrous, segm.
lanceolate, cor.-lobes rounded, spreading or recurved; stam.
not exserted; fruit 4 in., oblong-ovoid, much. compressed ;
glabrous, red.

Upper montane zone; rare. Sita Eliya, near Hakgala; Elephant
Plains (Gardner); Horton Plains (Thwaites). Fl. May; pale pinkish-
white or cream-coloured.

Also in the Himalaya and Nilgiri Mountains.

A very pretty shrub when in blossom. The leaves have a strong
pungent odour when bruised. The wood is said to be very hard and close-
grained.

We have no species of Lowicera in our mountains, though 2 occur in
the Nilgiris.

LXVII.—RUBIACE/,

HERBS, shrubs or trees, rarely climbing, |. opposite or whorled,
simple, entire (sometimes crenate in WMeurocalyx), with inter-
petiolar stip. often connate and forming a sheath (absent in
Galieg); fl. regular, bisexual or rarely unisexual, often
dimorphic ; cal.-tube adnate to ov., free limb usually more or
less developed, rarely 0; cor. varying from long-tubular to
rotate, lobes 4-9, usually 5 (2-lipped in Dzchzlanthe), valvate
or imbricate or twisted in estivation; stam. as many as cor.-
lobes, inserted in throat or tube of cor.; anth. distinct (very
rarely connate); ov. inferior, 1-10- usually 2-celled, crowned
with epigynous disk, ovules solitary or many (rarely 2) in each
cell, erect or horizontal or pendulous, style usually simple,
PART IL.

290 Rubtacee.

stigma entire or lobed; fruit a capsule, a berry or a drupe,
2—10-celled, or of 2-4 dehiscent or indehiscent cocci; seeds

2—numerous, embryo various, in fleshy or horny endosperm.

A very large Tropical Family of which 138 species are here included ;
particularly characteristic of the wet region. In the dry country only 31
species occur, and of these 11 only are restricted to it; Adama and
Scyphiphora (the latter a seashore plant) being the only genera so circum-
scribed. In our moist region, on the other hand, are found 107 species,
and 77 of these do not extend beyond it. These ‘latter are pretty equally
dispersed over the low country and the hills, and 42 are confined to the
former and 35 to the latter. To the moist low country are restricted the
genera Uncaria, Fergusonia, Schizostigma, Byrsophyllum, Nargedia,
Scyphostachys, Guettarda, Dichtilanthe, and Geophila, and to the
montane zone the genera Al/wophania and Acranthera.

Nearly half of our species, as many as 68, are endemic, and four
genera are peculiar to Ceylon: Lezcocodon, Schis zostigma, Nargedia, and
Scyphostachys.

Ovules more than 2, usually numerous, in each cell.
Fl. crowded in dense globose heads (Vauclea).

Cal.-tubes fused into a fleshy mass I. SARCOCEPHALUS.
Cal.-tubes distinct.
Trees.
Cal.-segm. linear 2. ANTHOCEPHALUS.
Cal.-segm. clavate 3. ADINA.
Cal.-segm.o . ; : : 4. STEPHEGYNE.
Cal.-segm. oblong, appendaged 5. NAUCLEA.
Climber with hooked peduncles . 6. UNCARIA.
Fl]. not in dense globose heads.
Fruit a capsule.
Cor.-lobes twisted in bud . A ‘ . 7. WENDLANDIA.
Cor.-lobes valvate in bud.
Cor.-lobes with a tooth on each side =) 0. DEN mEIAe
Cor.-lobes entire.
Cal.-segm. 5.
Cal.-segm. large, membranous; cap-
sule dry, not compressed. . 9. NEUROCALYX.
Cal.-segm. small; capsule coriaceous,
much compressed . ; : . 15. OPHIORRHIZA.
Cal.-segm. 4, small
Cal.-segm. contiguous. : . 12. HEDYOTIS.
Cal.-segm. distant.
Seeds numerous . é : . 13. OLDENLANDIA.
Seeds few . ; : : . 14. ANOTIS.
Fruit a fleshy berry.
Cor.-lobes valvate (Zussendea).
Inflorescence terminal, cymose.
One cal.-segm. often developed into a
large leaf, rest deciduous . : . 16. MUSSENDA.
Cal.-segm. equal, persistent . : 17. ACRANTHERA.
Inf. terminal, capitate, surrounded by
large involucre 0 ‘ . 18. LEUCOCODON.
Infl. axillary; ov. s-celled.
Shrubs . ; 5 ; j ; . 19. UROPHYLLUM.

Creeping herb 5.) 20 SCHIzosmremnas

Rubiacee.

Cor.-lobes twisted (Gardenia).
Inf. terminal or leaf opposed.
Fl. dicecious . d
Fl. bisexual.
Ov. 2-celled.
Seeds few
Seeds numerous
Ov. 1-celled
Infl. axillary (also sometimes in n 23).
Endosperm ruminate
Endosperm not ruminate.
Fl. in bracteate spikes
Fl. in clusters
Ovules 2 in each cell (see also 12 and 27)
Ovules solitary in each cell (see also 14).
L. with stipules.
Fruit indehiscent, usually fleshy.
Cor.-lobes valvate (or rarely imbricate).

Oy. 2-celled (spuriously 4-celled in 37).

Corolla 2-lipped
Corolla regular.
Ovules pendulous
Ovules on the dissepiment
Fl. in a confluent head .
Fl. not confluent
Ovules basilar, erect.

Trees or shrubs; infl. cymose.
Cor.-tube short, straight
Cor.-tube rather long, curved
Cor. funnel-shaped

Herb; infl. umbellate

Oy. 4- or more-celled.
Cor.-lobes imbricate
Cor.-lobes valvate.

Ov. 12-celled
Ov. 4-celled; stip. connate

Ov. 4- (or 5- -) celled ; stip. not connate

Cor.-lobes twisted (Loree).
Fl. in copious cymes.

Style longer than cor.; stigma 2-lobed
Style twice as long as cor.; stigmaentire

Fl. solitary or in threes
Fruit aul dehiscent septicidally.

Carp. 2, very small, spares from central

axis, indehiscent
CArp.. 2,
dehiscent .

Carp. 2, large, much compressed, tardily

separating
Carp. 4, indehiscent
L, without stip., whorled (Galea),
Corolla campanulate
Corolla rotate .

very small, one or both ventrally

oie
5 BB

5 Bike
4 Role

=) 39:
. 40.
5 ANG,
SAE

20:

3 oh
“| 10:

42.

34.
35.
5 By6y

e 291

. BYRSOPHYLLUM.

. WEBERA.
. RANDIA.
. GARDENIA.

. NARGEDIA.
. SCYPHOSTACHYS.

. DIPLOSPORA.
. SCYPHIPHORA.

DICHILANTHE.
CANTHIUM.

MORINDA.
PRISMATOMERIS.

PSYCHOTRIA.
CHASALIA.
SAPROSMA.
GEOPHILA.

GUETTARDA.

TIMONIUS.
ALLG@OPHANIA.
LASIANTHUS.

IXORA.
PAVETTA.
COFFEA.

. KNOXIA.
. SPERMACOCE.

. HYDROPHYLAX.
. FERGUSONIA.

. RUBIA.
. GALIUM.

292 ; Rubiacee. [Anthocephalus.

1. SARCOCEPHALUS, 4 /zclius.

Tree, stip. large, fl. small, sessile, in dense globose terminal
heads, without bractlets, the cal.-tubes fused into a fleshy
mass; cal.-segm. 4 or 5, clavate, persistent ; cor.-tube long,
lobes 4 or 5, imbricate; stam. 4 or 5, inserted in mouth of
cor.; ov. long, 2-celled, with numerous imbricated ovules;
fruits sunk in a fleshy mass, 2-celled, seeds few, small,
oblong.—Sp. 8; 3 in FZ. B. Ind.

S. cordatus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 133 (1856). Bakmi, S.

Vammi, 7.
Fl. Zeyl. n. 53. Vauclea orientalis, L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 243. WV. macro-

phylla, Roxb. (?), Moon Cat. 14. lV. cordata, Roxb. Fl. Ind.i. 509. JV.
coadunata, Roxb., Thw. Enum. 137. C. P. 1658, 781.

FI. B. Ind. iii. 22. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 318.

A small tree, bark silvery-grey, smooth, branches marked
with prominent leaf-scars, young parts minutely stellate-
pubescent; 1. large, 4-8 in., broadly ovate-oval, slightly caudate
at base, rounded or very obtuse at apex, entire, undulate,
glabrous above, glabrous or finely pubescent beneath, petiole
3-1 in., stip. $-1 in., obovate-rotundate, slightly connate,
deciduous ; fl. very numerous, fused together by their fleshy
cal.-tubes, heads 2-1 in. diam., on stout peduncles; cal.-segm.
small, club-shaped, cor.-tube long, lobes acute ; stam. included;
style very long, much exserted, stigma large, clavate ; head
of fruit about 1 in., globose, solid, fleshy ; seeds slightly rough,

black.
Low country in both moist and dry regions; rather common. FI.

May, June; pale yellow, styles white.

Also in Malaya, Philippine Is., and perhaps N. Australia, but not in
Peninsular India.

Hermann’s drawing (there is no specimen) is certainly this ; which
fixes Linneus’s Wauclea orientalis as originally the same, but he also
quotes Hort. Malab. iii. t. 33, which rather represents Anthocephalus
Cadamba. Roxburgh’s lV. cordata was raised from Ceylon seed sent to
Calcutta in 1802.

The leaves and flower-heads of the dry country form (C. P. 781) are
smaller than those from the moist region, and the 1. more pubescent
beneath. The head of fruit is succulent, and is eaten, hence the tree
is often called ‘Kana-bakmi.’ Wood yellow, light, rather soft.

2. ANTHOCEPHAULUS, 4. fich.

Tree, stip. large, fl. sessile, in dense globose terminal heads,
the cal.-tubes closely pressed together but not fused, without
bractlets; cal.-segm. 5, linear, persistent; cor.-tube funnel-

Adina.] Leubracee. 204

shaped, long, lobes 5, imbricate; stam. 5, inserted at mouth
of cor.; ov. 2-celled below, 4-celled above, with numerous
ovules in each cell, style long, stigma large, ovoid, fruit cap-
sular, narrowly turbinate, truncate, pericarp thin below but
hard and 4-lobed above ; seeds numerous, very small, angular,
not winged.—Sp. 3 or 4; 1in Fé. B. Ind.

A. Cadamba, M79. F?. Ind. Bat. ii. 135 (1856). Bmbul-bakmi,
S. Wellaikadampa, 7.

Nauclea orientalis, Moon Cat. 14 (non L). Vauclea Cadamba, Roxb.,
Thw. Enum. 137. C. P. 1659.

Hilee iad. i-23. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 35.

A large tree with erect trunk and horizontal branches,
young parts pubescent; |. large, 6-11 in., oblong-lanceolate,
acute or rounded at base, acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous
and shining above, pubescent on the veins beneath, petiole
I-I}in., stip. about 4in., narrowly lanceolate, acute; heads
14-1}in.,on short stout peduncles; cal.-segm. obtuse, pilose
at ends; cor.-lobes erect, lanceolate, acute; capsule about
4in., compressed, angular, closely packed but scarcely con-
fluent, crowned by long persistent cal.-segm.; pericarp trans-
parent in lower part; seeds muriculate.

Low country up to 2000 ft., Thwaites says ‘common,’ but I have only
seen specimens from Kurunegala, Alagalla and Pusselawa. F1.September ;
orange-yellow, styles white, fragrant.

Also in India, burma, Sumatra, Borneo.

The little capsular fruits are not confluent as generally described,
though in very close contact with one another.

Thw. gives ‘Hélamba’ as S. name for this ; it more properly belongs
to Stephegyne tubulosa, but may be used for both.

3. ADINA, Salisé.

Large deciduous tree, stip. large, fl. small, sessile, crowded,
not fused, in globose, axillary heads, with bractlets; cal.-segm.
5, clavate; cor.-tube long, lobes 5, short, valvate; stam. 5,
inserted at mouth of cor.; style very slender, stigma globose;
capsule small, 2-celled, truncate, readily dehiscent into 2
valves; seeds numerous, tailed at both ends.—Sp. 6; 4 in
Fl. B. Ind.

4. cordifolia, Hk. f, in Gen. Pi. ii. 30 (1873). WBMolon, S.
Manchalkadampa, 7.

Neuclea cordifolia, Moon Cat. 14; Thw. Enum. 137. C. P. 1660.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 24. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 33 (Vauclea).

A very large tree with erect trunk and horizontal branches,

204 Rubwacee. [ Stephegyne.

bark brownish-grey, thick, soft, furrowed, young parts pu-
bescent; 1. closely placed, 34-44 in., very broadly ovate,
cordate at base, acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous above,
more or less softly pubescent beneath especially when young,
minutely reticulate, petiole long, 2-4 in., pubescent, stip.
oblong-oval, obtuse, pubescent ; heads about ?in., peduncles
long, slender, usually in threes from axils of young L., jointed
a little below the heads, fl. very numerous, bractlets clavate;
cal. hairy inside and out, segm. club-shaped; cor.-tube slender,
dilated above, pilose, lobes subacute, recurved; style much
exserted ; capsule very small, } in., turbinate, very hairy.

Dry region; rather common, extending into intermediate region, é.g.,
Kurunegala. Fl. July; yellow

Also in India and Burma.

This is quite deciduous for a short time. A form with thinner leaves,
more cordate and with fewer longer hairs beneath, occurs at Anuradha-
pura. Wood rather hard and heavy, smooth, pale yellow, durable.

4. STEPHEGYNE, Korth.

Trees, stip. large, fl. sessile, crowded but not fused in
terminal globose heads; cal.-limb tubular, truncate, segm. 0;
cor. tubular, lobes 5, valvate, acute, recurved ; stam. inserted at
mouth of cor.; ov. 2-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell,
style long, stigma large, oblong-ovoid; capsule .2-celled,
septicidally dehiscent; seeds numerous, small, winged.—Sp-
LOR esuin lBel a7:

IL. under 3 in.; cal.-limb short . 3 - E . I. S. PARVIFOLIA.
L. over 4 in.; cal.-limb long and tubular . , . 2. S. TUBULOSA.

1. S. parvifolia, Korth. in Verh. Gesch. Nat. Bot. 161 (1843 ?).
Chélampai, Nirkadampa, 7.

Nauclea parvifolia, Roxb., Thw. Enum. 137. C. P. 780.

F). B. Ind. iii. 25. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 34. Wight, Ill. t. 123.

A moderate-sized tree, bark rather smooth, whitish-grey
thick, flaking off, young parts glabrous; 1. 23-3 in., rotundate
or broadly obovate-oval, acute or rounded at base, very
obtuse or rounded at apex, entire, glabrous on both sides
save for small tufts of hair in vein-axils beneath, thin, bright
apple-green, pale beneath and minutely pellucid-reticulate,
petiole under din., stip. $in., oblong-spathulate, very obtuse
pink; heads #in., shortly pedunculate, cal.-limb very short ;
cor.-tube three times as long as acute recurved lobes, head of
fruit 2in., capsules crowded but quite separate, oblong with

blunt rounded tops marked with line of the cal.-limb, with
10 blunt vertical ribs.

Nauclea.] Ru biacee. 205

Dry region; rather rare. Trincomalie; Mineri; Anuradhapura;
Puttalam. FI. April, July, August; greenish-yellow, scented, styles white.

Also in India and Burma.

Wood hard, heavy, smooth, pinkish-yellow, durable.

2. S. tubulosa, Hk. f 77 Gen. Plant. 11. 31 (1873). Wélamba, S.

Nauclea tubulosa, Arn. in Thw. Enum. 137. JV. parvifolia, Moon
Gat 14 (non Roxb.). C. P./1657.

Fl}, B. Ind. iii. 25. Bedd. Ic. Fl. Ind. or t. 18.

A small tree, bark smooth, pale brown, young parts slightly
pubescent; |. 4-6 in., broadly ovate, rounded or subcordate at
base, acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous on both sides or
pubescent on veins nea thin, lat. veins numerous, very
prominent beneath, intermediate venation minutely reticulate,
pellucid, petiole 4—{in., stip. very large, 1 in., broadly oval,
very obtuse, veined, strongly keeled; heads usually terminal
and sessile, sometimes axillary and pedunculate, 14 in., fl. not
densely crowded, bractlets numerous, spathulate; cal.-limb
long tubular; cor.-tube about twice as long as cal.-limb, hairy
within, lobes half as long as tube, linear-oblong, acute; stvle
much exserted, stigma oblong, truncate; capsule 3 in., ovoid-
oblong, crowned by persistent cal.-limb, slightly puberulous,
10-ribbed; seeds long.

Var. 8, minor, 7iw.l.c. C. P. 1656.
L. smaller, 2-3 in.; fl.-heads smaller, ? in.

Low country in the moist region; rare. Colombo; Kalutara (Moon) ;
Hiniduma; Kukul Korale, abundant (Thwaites). Var. 6 in the dry
country. Jaffna (Gardner); Anuradhapura (Brodie); Haragama. FI.
May and (var. 8) Feb.; pink.

Also at Cochin, S. India.

Wood as in the last.

5. NAUCLEA,* ‘Z.’

Tree, stip. large, fl. sessile, crowded in globose terminal
heads, not fused; cal.-segm. 5, oblong, tipped with a small
process; cor, tubular-funnel-shaped, lobes 5, imbricate, re-
curved, acute; stam. inserted at mouth of cor.; ov. 2-celled
with numerous ovules in each cell on pendulous placentas,
style long, exserted, stigma globular; capsule 2-celled, dehis-
cent; seeds numerous, winged.—Sp. 30; 5 in Fv. B. Jud.

‘4

* Linnzeus’s genus /Vauclea consisted of one species only, JV. orzentalis,
which, as above shown, is Sarcocephalus cordatus. \t does not appear

upon what principle it can be now employed for a different one.
°

29 6 Rubtwacee. [ Uncaria.

N. zeylanica, 2. 7. zz Fl. B. Ind. iii. 26 (1880).

NV. triflora, Moon Cat. 14. NW. peduncudaris, Thw. Enum. 137 (non
Wall). C. P..2820.

Fl. B. Ind. ii1. 26, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. or t. 235.

A moderate-sized tree, branchlets slender, young parts
elabrous; |. 3-5 in., lanceolate, tapering to both ends, some-
what acuminate, obtuse or subacute at apex, glabrous on
both sides, petiole short, under } in., stip. oblong, rounded at
apex; heads $—?in., peduncles 1-14 in. long, usually in threes
at end of branchlets, slender; cal.-segm. obtuse, pubescent,
with a small appendage at apex; cor. silky-pubescent, lobes
oval, apiculate; style twice the length of cor.; capsule (not
seen) short, many-seeded.

Moist low country; rare. Adam’s Peak (Moon); Sabaragamuwa;
Balangoda, abundant (Thwaites) ; Uma-oya. Fl. May, June; dull orange.

Endemic.

This is very close to WV. peduncularis, Wall. of Sumatra, to which
Thw. refers it. If distinct, Moon’s name is the oldest, and, though with-
out description, should perhaps be adopted in preference to Hk. f.’s.

6. UNCARIA, Schred.

A shrub, climbing by hooked peduncles, stip. large, fl.
small, in dense pedunculate axillary heads; cal.-limb very
short, segm. 5, triangular, obtuse; cor.-tube very slender,
lobes 5, valvate; stam. 5, inserted at mouth of cor.; ov.
2-celled, with numerous ovules on large placentas, style long,
exserted, stigma large, oblong; fruit an elongated capsule,
septicidally dehiscent, valves 2, chartaceous; seeds minute,
numerous, compressed, with very long membranous tails at
each end.—Sp. about 30; 19 in FAY. B. Jud.

U. dasyoneura, Korth. Verh. Nat. Ges. Bot. 169 (1839). Var.
Thwaitesii, Wk. f 7x Fl. B. Ind. |. c.

U. Gambier, Thw. Enum. 138 (non Roxb.). C. P. 1661.

Fl. B. Ind? m1. 31., Bentl, and Trim. Med) Plot: 130, fa7eangee
(fruit and seed only. U. Gambier).

A very large wide-climbing shrub; stems stout, bluntly
quadrangular, compressed below each node when young,
glabrous, dark green, internodes long, young parts glabrous;
l. very numerous, persistent, spreading or deflexed, 3$—44 in.,
narrowly ovate or oblong-oval or oblong-lanceolate, rounded
at base, suddenly caudate-acuminate, often twisted at apex,
glabrous and shining above and beneath except for little tufts
of hair in axils of lat. veins, coriaceous, dark green above, paler
beneath, lat. veins 5-7 on each side, slender, conspicuous,

Wendlandia.]| Rubtacee. 297

unbranched, prominent beneath, and connected by transverse
venation, petiole 2-3 in., stip. about 4in., oblong-oval, obtuse,
entire; fl. numerous, nearly sessile, head #-1 in., globose,
receptacle hairy, peduncle of two parts separated by a pair of
bractlets, upper part slender, cylindrical, pubescent, lower
part hard and woody, laterally compressed, tapering, curved,
glabrous, becoming after the fall of the fruit much enlarged,
falcately hooked and very rigid; cal. woolly, segm. very short;
cor.-tube 2in., hairy outside, lobes obtuse, glabrous within ;
capsule #in., stalked, narrowly ovoid, much tapering at both
ends, crowned with persistent cal.-limb, slightly hairy, valves
chartaceous, flat, separating from cal., which remains entire
at top; seeds with very long membranous tails, 2 at one end
and I at the other.

Moist low country up to 3000 ft.; rather rare. Kandy; Hantane;
Deltota; Ambagamuwa; Morowak Korale; Kaduganawa; Colombo.
Fl. March; yellowish-green.

The type in the Malay Peninsula, but our var. endemic.

This differs from U. Gambier, Roxb., of Malaya, which affords the
Gambir or ‘Terra japonica’ of commerce, in its shorter cal.-segm. and
the want of tufts of hair inside the cor.-lobes: I have also ascertained
that the extract to be obtained by boiling the leaves of our plant does not
resemble the commercial product from that species (which is figured in

* Medicinal Plants,’ t. 139 exclusive of f.7 and 8); but they are very closely
allied.

The leaves when dried are a dark coppery-brown.

7. WENDLANDIA, Lari.

A small tree, |. often in whorls of 3, stip. small; fl. small
in large terminal panicles; cal.-segm 5, small; cor. tubular
below, then recurved, shortly 5-lobed, lobes twisted in bud;
stam. 5, inserted between cor.-lobes, anth. almost sessile; ov.
globose, 2-celled, with numerous ovules on large placentas,
style long, stigma large, bilobed, slightly exserted; fruit cap-
sular, very small, globose, 2-celled, 2-valved; seeds numerous,
very minute, flat—Sp. 16; 14 in FZ. B. Ind.

W. Notoniana, Wall. in W. and A. Prod. 403 (1834). Rawan-
idala, S.

W. bicuspidata, W. and A. Prod. 403. Thw. Enum. 159. C. P. 315.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 40. Wight, Ic. t. 1033. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 224.

A small tree or large shrub with erect or ascending
branches, bark orange-red coming off in fibrous strips,
branchlets densely pubescent, buds very silky; 1. usually 3
at a node, 4-5 in., lanceolate-oval, much tapering to base,
acuminate, acute at apex, slightly pilose above, pubescent

298 Rubracee. [ Dentella.

beneath, undulate, rather thick, bright light green, paler
beneath, with the prominent: veins pink, petiole very short,
pubescent, stip. barely + in., linear-lanceolate, acute, con-
duplicate, sometimes bifid; fl. sessile or nearly so, very
numerous, rather close on the branches of dense pubescent,
pyramidal terminal panicles 6-12 in. long, bracts small, seta-
ceous; cal. glabrous or nearly, segm. acute; cor.-tube about
; in., hairy within; capsule capped with cal.-segm., splitting
from above loculicidally about half way down.
Var. 8, zeylanica, (7h. f. in Fl. B. Ind., ¢.c.

L. nearly glabrous; fl. pedicellate, distant, panicles lax,
drooping; cor.-tube longer.

Open places in the moist region from sea-level up to all elevations; very
common. Var. @, rare. Fl. Feb., March; white.

Also in Peninsular India.

The young leaves are a delicate purplish-pink. The calyx is usually
glabrous or nearly so in Ceylon. Neither of the figures quoted are
characteristic of this very common plant, which, curiously, does not seem
to have been seen by Hermann.

Wood rather heavy, hard, strong, brownish-red.

8. DENTELLA, forest.

A small prostrate annual, fl. solitary, axillary ; cal-limb
tubular, segm. 5; cor. funnel-shaped, lobes 5, short, toothed
on each side, valvate; stam. 5, inserted low down in tube,
included; ov. globose, 2-celled, with numerous ovules on large
placentas, style very short, stigmas 2, long, filiform; fruit
small, globular, dry, indehiscent, 2-celled ; seeds numerous,
minute, angular.—Monotypic.

D. repens, forst. Char. Gen. 26 (1776).

Thw. Enum. 144. C. P. 1683.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 42. Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. t. 170, f. 4 (poor).

A slender prostrate herb, stems long, slender, much
branched, rooting at the nodes; |. very small, 2 in. at most,
lanceolate or subspathulate, tapering to base, acute, glabrous
or with a few bristly hairs on margin, petiole obscure, stip.
truncate, membranous; fl. solitary often in the forks of the
stem, nearly sessile, cal.-limb persistent, segm. very acuminate ;
cor.-lobes ovate, acute, with a tooth on each side; fil. very
short; fruit about $in., crowned by large persistent cal.-limb,
densely villous with coarse hair.

Low country, a weed in moist places; rather rare. Colombo; Hara-

gama; Peradeniya. Fl. Aug., Sept.; white.
Throughout the Tropics of Asia, Polynesia, and N. Australia.

Neurocalyx.| Rubtacee. 299

9. NEUROCALYWX, Hook.

Small perennial herbs, |. crowded, stip. large, usually
divided; fl. rather large, on drooping ped. in axillary racemes;
cal.-segm. 5, large, coloured, membranous, reticulately veined,
persistent ; cor. small; rotate without a tube, lobes 5, valvate;
stam. 5, fil. very short, anth. connate into a conical tube; ov.
2-celled with very numerous ovules in each, style simple,
stigma terminal; fruit crowned with large persistent cal.-
segm., dry, bursting irregularly; seeds very numerous, globose,
muriculate——Sp. about 8; 5 in FZ, 5. Lnd.

L. glabrous above.
Stip. divided into setaceous segm.
Stip. ovate, often bifid .

L. hairy on both sides.
Cor.-lobes 4 as long as cal. .
Cor.-lobes as long as cal.

. N. ZEYLANICUS.
. N. WIGHTII.

|

iS)

. N. GARDNERI.
. N. CHAMPIONII.

a SSS)

1. N. zeylanicus, Hook. Jc. Plant. t. 174 (1837).

Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 21. Thw. Enum. 138. C. P. 286.

Hib. ind. ii. 47. le. Plant. t. 174.

Stem 3-4 in., slender, erect, ringed with stipular scars;
1. closely placed, 4-7 in., linear-lanceolate, much tapering
below, acuminate, acute, slightly undulate, crenate, glabrous
above, paler and pubescent on the prominent veins beneath,
petiole 4—$in., pubescent, purple, stip. green, divided almost
to base into setaceous, rather rigid, spreading segm.; fl. on
rather long pubescent ped., racemes, erect, few-flowered, lax,
shorter than 1|., bracts linear-setaceous, rather shorter than
ped., cal.-segm. 4in., lanceolate, acuminate; cor.-lobes about
half as long as cal.-segm., acute.

Moist region up to 4000 ft.; rare. Diyabetene, Sabaragamuwa ;
Opatte, S. Prov.; Adam’s Peak (Walker). Fl. March; white.
Endemic.

2. N. Wightii, Avz. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 22 (1839).
Thw. Enum. 138. C. P. 595.

FI. B. Ind. iii. 47. Wight, Ic. t. 52 (VV. Hookeriana). f

Stems 3-8 in., semi-woody below, stout, marked with leaf-
scars, the internodes often developed; 1. large, 6-12 in., lance-
olate, very much tapering to base, acuminate, acute, entire,
glabrous above, paler and pubescent on the veins beneath,
petiole obscure, stip. very large, foliaceous, ovate, acuminate;
often with a filiform point, sometimes separated into their
constituent pairs; fl. on pubescent ped., crowded, racemes
dense, very much shorter than l., bracts large ovate, acumin-

300 Rubtacee. [Meurocalyx.

ate; cal.-segm. about 4 in. (enlarged in fruit), ovate, acuminate;
cor.-lobes rather more than half as long, very acute; fruit
pubescent.

Damp shady places in forests in moist low country up to 2000 ft.;
rather common. Kukul Korale; Hiniduma; Ambagamuwa; Deltota;
Dolosbagie. Fl. March, April; very pale pinkish-violet.

Also in S. India.

The above description covers /V. capztata, Benth. in Fl. B. Ind. ili. 47
(where it is considered a distinct species). This appears to be the
commonest form, but cannot be separated. JV. Hookerzana, Wight, is a
small form merely.

3. N. Gardneri, 7iw. Enum. 139 (1859).

Ghw-) Enum ngo) (Cee sroz1.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 47.

Stem 2-4 in., stout, densely hairy; |. 6-9 in., oval or
obovate-oval, tapering to base, subacute or very shortly
acuminate, entire, thin, hairy on both sides, petiole very
short, stip. split, the halves ovate, acuminate, densely pubes-
cent; fl. on short ped., racemes villous-hairy, bracts lanceolate,
acuminate, 2-toothed near base; cal.-segm. broadly ovate,
acuminate, hairy outside, cor.-lobes about 4 length of cal.-
segm., oblong-lanceolate; fruit villous-hairy.

Damp forests in moist low country; very rare. Pasdun Korale
(Gardner); Hewesse (Thwaites). Fl. Aug.

Endemic.

I have not met with this living. Much the most hairy of our species.

4. N. Championii, enth. in Thw. Enum. 139 (1859).

Thw. Enum. 139. C. P. 3417, 3480.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 47.

Stem very short, 1-3 in. slender, closely ringed with
stipular scars; 1. very closely placed, 3-6 in., obovate-oblong,
tapering to base, rounded or obtuse at apex, often somewhat
crenate, hairy on both sides (becoming glabrous above),
usually very bullate above, thin, petiole #-14in., stip. deeply
cut into 2 lanceolate acuminate segm.; fl. on slender hairy
ped., racemes lax, few-flowered, bracts lanceolate, as long as
ped., with 2 very small lateral lobes; cal.-segm., about 4 in.,
ovate, acute; cor.-lobes equal to cal.-segm., linear-oblong,
fruit hairy.

Damp forests in moist low region; rather rare. Kukul Korale;
Singhe Raja Forest; Nillowe Kande; Bambarabotuwa; Hewesse. FI.
Mei April, and September ; calyx bright pink or white, corolla white.

ndemic.

Very like an Acrotrema in habit and foliage. Best distinguished
by its bullate leaves.

Alleophania. | Rubtacee. 301

10. ALLGOPHANIA, 7iw.

A weedy under-shrub, stip. large, connate, membranous,
fl. small, dimorphic, crowded in dense axillary whorls; cal.-
limb tubular, membranous, segm. 4, linear-setaceous, persistent ;
cor. funnel-shaped, lobes 4, valvate; stam. 4; ov. 4-celled,
with 1 erect ovule in each cell, style simple, stigmas 4, long;
fruit small, turbinate, enclosing 4 small bony 1-seeded
pyrenes.—Sp. 2 or 3; 2 in FZ. B. Jud, but none in Indian
Peninsula,

This genus is difficult to place in the Order; it has affinities with
Lasianthus as well as with Hedyotzs.

A. decipiens, 7/w. Enum. 147 (1859). [PLATE XLVIII.]

C. P. 3093.

Fl. B. Ind. ili. 48.

A coarse rigid perennial, stems numerous, 2-4 ft. high,
semi-woody below, much divaricately branched, sub-quad-
rangular, adpressed-pubescent; |. 2-24 in., lanceolate or oval-
lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, acute, glabrous or nearly
so and bullate above, pilose silky or pubescent on the very
prominent veins beneath, especially when young, petiole 1-3
in., stip. connate, forming a tube, truncate, membranous, with
branched bristly hairs, at length splitting up and deciduous ;
fi. sessile, very crowded in dense opp. axillary clusters forming
whorls, cal.-limb long, segm. shorter than tube, linear, acu-
minate, bristly-hairy; cor. hairy at the mouth, lobes more
than half as long as tube, lanceolate, acute, recurved, stam.
erect; style hidden or exserted, stigma 4-fid; fruit small,
flat-topped, crowned with cal.-limb and often connivent segm.,
pyrenes very small, triangular, smooth, yellow.

Var. 6, lavescens, 7iw. Enum. l.c. C. P. 3094.

L. oval or subrotundate, rounded or subcordate at base,
the margin strongly revolute, veins much more hairy, often
villous beneath.

Var. y, Arnottii, Hz. f ix Fl. B. Ind. \.c. (sp.). Hedyotis nodulosa,
var. a, Thw. Enum. 143. C. P. 87.

L. larger, acuminate at both ends, nearly glabrous, on
longer petioles.

Montane zone from 3000 ft. upwards, especially at the higher eleva-
tions; very common. FI. Feb.—Aug.; white or bluish, anth. violet.

Endemic.

This bears so strong a resemblance to Hedyotzs nodulosa (with which,
indeed, it was mixed even by Thwaites) that it can be distinguished with
certainty only by examining the ovary or the fruit-structure. It is very

302 Rubiaceae. [ Fergusonia.

variable in respect to size, hairiness, width of leaves, and length of
petiole, but I cannot see a second species among the forms, as in Fl.
B. Ind.

The flowers are very liable to attack by some insect, which causes the
corolla to become an enlarged hard inflated gall.

1. FERGUSONIA,* HZ. 7

A prostrate herb, stip. rigid, ciliate; fl. small, solitary
sessile, axillary; cal.-segm. 4, acuminate; cor.-tube tubular-
funnel-shaped, with a ring of hair within, lobes 4, valvate;
stam. 4, inserted between cor.-lobes, fil. very short ; epigynous
disk of 4 prominent lobes; ov. 4-celled wzth 1 erect ovule in
each cell, style simple, slightly exserted, stigmas 2, filiform ;
fruit of 4 separable membranous indehiscent cocci—Monotypic.

A very anomalous plant of doubtful position in the Order.

FE. zeylanica, 72. 7. in Ic. Plant. xii. 23 (1876).

Borreria tetracocca, Thw. Enum. 442. /. Thwatteszz, Hk. f. in Gen.
Plant. 1129 C3 O50:

Fl. B: Ind. i. 48." Hook. Ic. Plit. 1124. Bedd. Ic Ply Indontrge
(Borreria tetracocca). Bork, "S?

Annual herb, stems procumbent or ascending, rooting at
the lower nodes, 1-24 ft. long, slightly branched, finely ciliate
on the angles, pinkish; 1. #-14in., narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
subsessile, tapering to base, acute, glabrous above, sparingly
bristly-hairy beneath, finely spinous-ciliate on edge, stip. 2 in.,
lanceolate-linear, setaceous, rigid, strongly ciliate, persistent ;
fl. very small, sessile, solitary; cal.-segm. lanceolate, acute,
ciliate with coarse bristly hairs; cor.-lobes oval, acute, with a
few hairs on the back; fruit-cocci very small, pyriform, bristly
on top, readily separating, and each bearing on top a single
persistent cal.-segm.

Moist low country in dry places; apparently rather rare. Near

Colombo (Ferguson); Labugama; Karawita. FI. Sept.—Jan.; very pale
ink.

, Also found in Coorg.

Of Sir J. Hooker’s two names, /. 7hwazteszZ is apparently the older,
but he uses /. zey/anica in F1. B. Ind.

This insignificant but curious plant much resembles Hedyotis nztida
and also Spermacoce hispida and S. stricta in habit.

* Commemorates the late W. Ferguson, F.L.S., of Colombo, for many
years a diligent and very successful investigator of the flora of Ceylon,
who died July 31st, 1887.

Hedyotis.| Rubiacee. 303

12, HEDYOTIS,* Z.

Shrubs or under-shrubs, rarely herbs, stip. conspicuous,
often connate, forming a sheath; fl. small, in terminal or axil-
lary, dense or lax cymes; cal.-segm. 4, usually close; cor.
funnel-shaped or tubular, often hairy, lobes 4, valvate; stam. 4,
inserted in tube or throat of cor.; ov. 2-celled, ovules numerous
on large placentas, style simple, stigmas 2; fruit a small cap-
sule, usually septicidally dehiscent into 2 carp., each of which
splits down ventral surface, or rarely loculicidal on the crown
only, or indehiscent; seeds 2-many, angular or plane-convex.
—Sp. about 80; 57 in Fi. B. Ind.

Of our 21 species as many as 17 are probably endemic. The flowers
of many species are dimorphic.

Capsule splitting septicidally into 2 vertically dehiscent carp.
Shrubs or erect perennials.
Capsule not protruded beyond the cal.
Stip. neither pectinate nor sheathing.
Cymes paniculate ; 1. over I in.
Cymes large, terminal.

L. glabrous.
Cal.-segm. shorter than tube . 1. H. FRUTICOSA.
Cal.-segm. longer than tube 3. H. CYMOSA.
L. softly pubescent : 5 Als Jal, IMUNGRZaI,
Cymes small, often axillary . . Io, H, CINEREO-VIRIDIS.
Cymes cory mmbose ; 1. under I in. 2. H. EVENIA.
Stip. pectinate, not sheathing ; cae axillary.
Cymes pedunculate : 5. H. OBSCURA.
Cymes sessile, forming whorls.
L. glabrous . ; 5 : . 7. H. MEMBRANACEA.
L. hairy . : 8. H. THWAITESII.
Stip. pectinate, sheathing ; ; cymes axillary.
Cymes pedunculate, lax . ‘ 6. H. COPROSMOIDES.
Cymes sessile, dense, forming whorls g. H. NODULOSA.
Stip. not or slightly pectinate, very large,
sheathing, cymes mostly terminal.
L. not crowded into a rosette.
L. over I in.
Lat. veins obscure. . I1. H. RHINOPHYLLA.
Lat. veins very prominent . . 12. H, LESSERTIANA.
L. under 1 in., 5-nerved. F 13. H. QUINQUENERVIA.
L. crowded forming a rosette at end
of stem . ; . 14. H. GARDNERI.
Capsule protruded beyond the cal. . . 15. H. LAWSONIA,
Large stoloniferous herb. 16. H. VERTICILLARIS.
Capsule opening loculicidally on the € top i annuals.
L. linear, aristate . ; ; ; . 17. H. CERULEA.
L. lanceolate, acute . Z Z ; . 18. H. NITIDA.

* Hedyotis from the use of H. Auricularia in ear-complaints.

304 Rubiacee. | Hedyotis.

Capsule indehiscent.
Capsule crustaceous.

Prostrate annual; |. under 2 in. : . 19. H. AURICULARIA.
Erect shrub; 1. over 3 in. P : . 20. H. INAMENA.
Capsule membranous . 2 , : . 21. Hi. CYANESCHINSE

1. H. fruticosa, Z. Sf. P/. iol (1753). Wéraniya, S.

Burm. Thes. 227. Fl. Zeyl. n.63.. Moon Cat. 10. Thw. Enum. 142.
Gy Laos:

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 49. Burm. Thes. t. 107 (not good).

- A much-branched shrub, 4-6 ft. high, bark white, smooth,
twigs quadrangular with very blunt angles, glabrous, shining,
whitish; |. 3-4 in., narrowly lanceolate, tapering to base, long-
acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous, dark green above, pale
whitish-green beneath, rather thick, lat. veins fine, very oblique,
pellucid, petiole very short, about { in., stip. slightly connate,
broadly triangular, acute, thick, stiff, finely serrate with dark
brown glands in the serratures and in plenty on the inner
surface; fl. sessile, numerous, cymes both terminal and in axils
of upper |., much branched, paniculate, branches quadrangular,
often slightly pubescent, bracts short, truncate, gland-ciliate;
cal.-limb broadly campanulate, often pubescent, segm. narrow,
acute, curved outwards, with shaggy white hair within, rather
shorter than tube; capsule about 4 in., the cal.-segm. covering
the top, oblong-oval, pubescent, septicidally dehiscent, carp.
opening ventrally; seeds few.

Moist region in the low country up to 3000 ft. and perhaps higher ;

very common. FI. April-August; white.
Also in Travancore.

2. H. evenia, 7iw. Enum. 140 (1859).
CARo3:
Fl. B. Ind. 111. 50.

A small shrub about 3 ft. high, branches numerous, eres
the old ones cylindrical, striate, thickened at the closely
placed nodes, the young ones sharply quadrangular, glabrous;
]. very numerous, closely placed, decussate, ?-1 in., lanceolate,
subacute, margin revolute, quite glabrous on both sides, shining
above, paler beneath, thick and rigid, lat. veins invisible,
petiole 4 in., stip. connate, triangular, acute, glabrous, stiff,
persistent, slightly glandular-denticulate; fl. on short glabrous
ped., cymes small, corymbose, terminal; cal.-limb glabrous,
segm. short, narrowly triangular, obtuse; cor. glabrous, tube
short; capsule ¢in., broadly ovoid or subglobose, septicidally
dehiscent into 2 ventrally splitting carp.

Upper montane zone; very rare. Adam’s Peak (Gardner) ; among
rocks in the river, Maskeliya. Fl. March; white.

Hedyotis.] Rubiacee. 305

Endemic.
Pale golden-green when dry.

3. H. cymosa, 7iw. Enum. 142 (1859).

CG] Pe 342T.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 50. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 35.

A small shrub, with numerous spreading, flexuose, nearly
cylindrical, glabrous branches; 1. 12-3 in., linear-lanceolate,
sessile, tapering at both ends, subacute, glabrous, lat. veins
inconspicuous, stip. triangular, long-acuminate, glandular-
serrate, keeled, persistent ; fl. on short ped., cymes terminal,
large, very lax, regularly dichotomous, puberulous, bracts
small, leaflike ; cal. glabrous, segm. longer than tube, linear-
lanceolate, spreading, recurved; cor. hairy at throat, lobes
linear-lanceolate, shorter than tube; capsule about ¢ in., nearly
globose, crowned with the long cal.-segm., dehiscent in 2
ventrally splitting carp., seeds three in each carp., finely
muriculate.

Moist low country; very rare. Pasdun and Reigam Korales
(Thwaites); summit of Nillowe Kande about 1000 ft. Fl. March, April,
and September; white.

Endemic.

Turns black in drying. I do not find the cal.-segm. longer than ripe
fruit, as stated in Fl. B. Ind.

4. H. Macreei, Hz. f. in Fl. B. Ind. iii. 50 (1880).

‘Branches obscurely 4-angled, softly pubescent ; 1. 3—4 in.,
lanceolate, narrowed at base, acuminate, recurved and com-
plicate, rather scabridly pubescent above, softly tomentose
beneath, many nerved, petiole 4-4 in., stip. broader than long,
abruptly cuspidate, eglandular, tomentose; fl. small, 4 in.,
cymes large, panicled with whorled spreading branches,
rounded, terminal; cal. pubescent; cor.-lobes pubescent
within, capsule small, ellipsoid, cal.-teeth shorter than it, cells
many-seeded.’

Based on a specimen collected by Macrae (ex Herb. Hort. Soc.
Lond.) in Herb. Kew, without definite locality.

The above description is copied from Fl. B. Ind.

5. H. obscura, 7iw. Enum. 141 (1859).

CG FP. '94.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 51.

A low shrub, stems stout, compressed, glabrous; 1. 2-34 in.,
from oval to narrowly lanceolate, tapering to base, acute at
apex, quite glabrous, rather thick, lat. veins obscure, petiole
1-4 in., stip. very large, slightly connate, ovate, very deeply
pectinate with long linear ciliate teeth, soon caducous ; fl. on

PART II. x

306 Rubtacee. [Hedyotis.

very short ped., cymes axillary on rather long glabrous
peduncles, bracts small, leaflike; cal. glabrous, segm. narrowly
triangular, subacute; cor. rather large, very hairy at mouth,
lobes oblong-oval, as long as tube; capsule about {in., tur-
binate-ovoid, dehiscing into 2 carp.

Var. 8B, minor, 7hw. in Fl. B. Ind. iii. 52.

L. smaller, 3-1 in., nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate,
rounded at base; fruit much smaller.

Upper montane zone; rare. Adam’s Peak (Gardner); Maskeliya;
Horton Plains at foot of Totapella; Wattekelle Hill. Fl. Feb.—April;
white.

Endemic.
Dries black.

6. H.coprosmoides, 7777. Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 41 (1885).

Hi. obscura, var. B, Thw. Enum. 141. C. P. 91, Iot.

An erect shrub, about 3 ft. high, branches divaricate, supra-
axillary, slightly quadrangular or compressed or nearly
cylindrical, glabrous; |. varying from 4-2in., ovate-oval or
ovate, acute at both ends, glabrous above, pilose on veins
beneath, stiff, lat. veins curved, very conspicuous beneath,
petiole short, distinct, stip. connate, forming a loose truncate
sheath with few or many long filiform teeth ; fl. few, pedicel-
late, cymes supra-axillary, pedunculate, lax; cal. glabrous,
segm. narrow, acuminate; cor. rather large, lobes as long as
tube, oblong, hairy over whole surface; capsule nearly glo-
bose, crowned with erect cal.-segm.

Upper montane zone in wet shady places; rare. Adam’s Peak
(Gardner); Horton Plains; Pedurutalagala. Fl. Feb.-April; pinkish-
white.

Endemic.

Besides the characters given, this differs from ZH. obscura in drying
green instead of black. The two C. P. numbers represent two forms;

C. P. 91 has larger leaves and flowers and less pectinate stipules than
GSE 108.

7. H. membranacea, 7hiw. Enum. 143 (1859).

(Gs 1B Bion

Fl. B. Ind. iti. 54.

Stem simple, stout, bluntly quadrangular, glabrous; 1. 5-6
in., narrowly oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering to base,
long-acuminate, glabrous, pale beneath, lat. veins fine, incon-
spicuous, petiole 4—? in., stip. not connate, pectinate with
linear teeth, cymes capitate, sessile, axillary; fl. and fr. not seen.

Moist low country; rare. Pasdun Korale; Ambagamuwa. First
pias by Moon, but his specimens are without ‘locality. FI. Sept.;
white. ;

Endemic.

Hedyotis.] Rubiacae. 307

I have seen only the C. P. specimens, which have the flowers abortive
and represented by chaffy scales. The whole plant appears to be
diseased or abnormal.

8. H. Thwaitesii, 4. f. 22 F7. B. Ind. iii. 54 (1880).

HZ. macrophylla, Thw. Enum. 142 (non Wall.). C. P. 104, 466.

FL. B. Ind. iii. 54.

Stem stout, slightly branched, with long internodes,
compressed, glabrous, young parts hairy; |. large, 4-6 in,
lanceolate-oval, tapering at both ends, acute, harshly hairy
on both sides and on margin, lat. veins conspicuous, petiole
4? in., pubescent, channelled above, stip. large, slightly con-
nate, pubescent, pectinate, with long hairy teeth, deciduous;
fl. sessile, crowded in dense capitate axillary and terminal
sessile cymes, bracts (often wanting) at base of heads, large,
ovate; cal. hairy, seem. large, much longer than ov., oblong,
apiculate; cor. pubescent inside and out; capsule small, ;’p in.,
crowned by long cal.-segm., hairy, splitting into 2 ventrally
dehiscent carp.

Moist region; rare. Adam’s Peak (Gardner); Reigam Korale
(Thwaites). Fl. March, Sept.; white.

Endemic.
HH, Thwaitesiz, Hance, is a Chinese plant, now referred to Azotzs.

9. H. nodulosa, Arn. Pug. 22 (1836).

Thw. Enum. 143 (excl. var. a). C. P. 88, 3542, 3095.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 54.

An undershrub, 3-4 ft., erect, much branched, old stems
near cylindrical, rough, yellowish-grey, brittle, young ones
sub-quadrangular, densely covered with spreading hair, buds
silky-woolly; 1. 2-3} in., ovate-lanceolate or oval, rounded or
acute at base, rather acuminate, acute at apex, velvety-hairy
on both sides, veins prominent beneath, petiole very short,
stip. connate, forming a short tube, truncate at top but with
several setaceous hairy teeth; fl. sessile, cymes very dense,
axillary, forming globose whorls; cal.-limb short, broad, segm.
long, linear-setaceous, covered with long bristly hairs; cor.
hairy outside, and very hairy in the throat, lobes acute, much
recurved, nearly as long as tube; capsule oblong-turbinate,
crowned with long cal.-segm., hairy, splitting into 2 hard
cocci, each containing a few small seeds.

Var. 3, Walkeri, Hk. f HH. Walkeri, Arn. Pug. 21.
Leaves glabrous above.

Moist region; in low country rare, in montane zone very common up
to 7000 ft. Var. 8 Ihave not seen. FI. Sept. to April; white or yellowish.
Endemic.

308 Rubiacee. [ Hedyotis.

Easily confounded with Allzophania decipiens unless the fruit be
examined; but the two stigmas (instead of 4) will also distinguish it, as
well as the softer character of the hair. Very obviously dimorphic.

10. EH. cinereo-viridis, 7/w. Exum. 419 (1864).

CePA 95:

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 55.

A shrub, branches slender, spreading, supra-axillary, when
young acutely quadrangular afterward cylindrical, glabrous;
1. 4-3 in., long-lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, acute,
glabrous, paler beneath, with few lat. veins very fine but
rather prominent, stip. not connate, narrowly triangular, pro-
longed into a beak, 2-ribbed, pilose; fl. on short ped., cymes
axillary and terminal, shortly pedunculate; cal. glabrous,
limb large, tubular, segm. linear, acute, as long as limb; cor.-
tube long, slender, lobes as long as tube, oblong-linear, acute,
glabrous ; ripe fruit not seen.

Var. 6, subverticillata, 777m. Syst. Cat. Ceyl. 42. C. P. 2639.

L. larger and broader; cymes all axillary, sessile. Dries
green.

Var. y, fumata, 7hw. in Trim.\.c. C. P. 3909.
Fl. pedicellate, cymes sessile, lax. Dries black.

Moist region; rare. The type from Matale East. Var. 6 from Am-
bagamuwa and Nillowe Kande. Var. y from Adam’s Peak. Fl. March—
June; white.

Endemic.

Var. y ought perhaps rather to be considered a distinct species. Var.
truncata, Trim. |. c., is probably rather a monstrosity (gall) with the
calyx-limb almost without lobes ; it does not dry black. This species and
its various forms require further examination.

af a HZ. rhinophylla, T7hw. ex Trim. in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 208
I b
Cp. 3984.

A small much-branched shrub, branches slender, cylin-
drical, finely puberulous when young; |. 14-3 in., narrowly
lanceolate, much tapering to base, very caudate-acuminate,
acute, glabrous, pale green, whitish beneath; lat. veins obscure,
petiole short, puberulous, stip. connate, forming a loose sheath,
puberulous, truncate with a few short deciduous teeth, per-
sistent ; fl. on long slender ped., cymes terminal, paniculate,
very lax, bracts small, leaflike; cal.-limb large, campanulate,
glabrous, segm. short, triangular, subacute; cor.-tube narrowly
funnel-shaped, lobes rather short, puberulous within; capsule
$4 in., broadly ovoid, crowned with cal.-limb, readily splitting
nto 2 ventrally dehiscent carp.; seeds numerous, muriculate.

Hedyotis.] Rubwacee. 309

Upper montane zone; very rare, and only in the N.E. mountain block.
Wattekelle Hill; Summit of Rangala Hill. Fl. Sept.; white.
Endemic.

12. H. Lessertiana, 4rz. Pug. 21 (1836). [PLATE XLIX.]

Thw. Enum. 141. C. P. 96, 99.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 52.

Erect shrub, often almost a small tree, very variable, stems
stout, cylindrical, glabrous, the younger ones compressed ;
1. varying much in size, 24-10 in. (or even more), lanceolate
or oval-lanceolate, tapering at base, gradually acuminate,
acute at apex, glabrous, rather stiff, strongly plicate, lat. veins
numerous, very oblique, strong, impressed above, very pro-
minent beneath, petiole }-1}in., stip. connate, quite free from
petiole, sheathing, loose, often 14 in. long (in the larger forms)
and covering whole internode or overlapping, glabrous, trun-
cate, with a few deciduous setaceous teeth, persistent and
becoming white and scarious; cymes numerous, terminal and
from upper l.-axils, in large spreading panicles, ped. as long
as or longer than cal., cal.-limb campanulate, segm. triangular
or linear, acute, deciduous in fruit; cor.-lobes narrowly oblong,
as long as tube, hairy within; capsule nearly jin., broadly
oblong-ovoid, splitting into 2 ventrally dehiscent carp.

Var. B, pilosa, Thiw./.c. C. P. 2810.

Stems hairy; 1. linear-lanceolate, often very narrow, more
or less hairy beneath; cal.-segm. very short.

Var. y, confertiflora, 7/w./.c. C. P. 103.

L. coriaceous; cymes rather dense; fl. larger; cal.-segm.
triangular.

Var. 6, marginata, 7hw. ex Fl. B. Ind. l.c. C. P. 3935.

L. finely ciliate; cymes few, terminal, globose, very dense;
cal.-segm. long, linear.

Var. e, lavescens, 7hw./.c.(sp.). C. P. 86, 126.

Very stout and woody; 1. oval or ovate-lanceolate, very
coriaceous, petiole dilated; fl. very large, cymes dense; cal.-
segm. long-lanceolate, acute, persistent; capsule over } in,
turbinate-ovoid.

Throughout the montane zone; verycommon. Var. 6, Kotiya Kande,
Dickoya. Var. e, Maskeliya; Adam’s Peak; Galagama. Fl. March-
June; white.

Endemic (?).

Extraordinarily variable, and might be divided into several species.
The commonest form at the higher elevations is var. wzajor, Thw. (C. P.
96). Var. e turns yellow in drying. The flowers are remarkably dimor-
phic, as noticed by Arnott. I refrain from quoting Bedd. Ic. t. 31, which
scarcely appears to represent any form of this species.

310 Rubiacee. [Hedyotis.

13. H. quinquenervia, 7/w. Exum. 141 (1859).
CERNIZ0:
ED S elincesttiws 2a beddwiewbl slid Om to.

A much-branched bush, older branches cylindrical, smooth,
whitish, younger ones compressed, glabrous, sheathed with
persistent stip.; 1. numerous, closely placed, small, 4—# in.,
nearly sessile, broadly ovate, acute, the apex and margin
strongly recurved, glabrous, thick and leathery, strongly
5-nerved from the base, veins depressed above, prominent
beneath, stip. large, connate, forming a cup-shaped lax sheath,
truncate at mouth, with several linear hairy teeth, scarious,
white, setose, persistent; fl. on very short ped., cymes sessile,
capitate, terminal; cal.-segm. linear, subacute, pilose at tip;
cor.-tube hairy at mouth, lobes strongly recurved, pubescent
outside at the ends; capsule small, tin., ovoid, separating
into 2 ventrally dehiscent carp.

Upper montane zone; very rare. Abundant on Pedurutalagala
between 7000 and 8000 ft. Fl. April; white, purple outside, anth. purple.
Endemic.

14. H. Gardneri, 7iw. Enum. 142 (1859).

CHE UIG:

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 53.

A shrub, stems very stout, woody, 4in. diam., cylindrical,
slightly branched, completely enveloped in the very large,
persistent and permanent, closely placed, imbricated, white,
chartaceous stip., which increase the apparent thickness of the
stem to about I in.; i. very closely placed, forming a large
rosette at end of stems, 3-4 in., lanceolate, tapering at base
into short broad petiole, attenuate-acuminate, acute, glabrous,
very coriaceous, thick, rigid, somewhat conduplicate, falcately
recurved, veins inconspicuous, stip. very large, rounded-ovate,
acute, glabrous, papery, white, overlapping ; cymes paniculate,
axillary, nearly 1 ft. high, erect, with numerous opp. tricho-
tomous branches, bracts large, sheathing; cal.-segm. triangular,
acute, glabrous; fruit not seen.

Upper montane zone; very rare. By the stone steps on the steep
part of the ascent to the cone of Adam’s Peak on the Maskeliya side.
First found by Gardner. FI. Feb.

Endemic.

A singular-looking plant resembling a woody Dracena in foliage. I
regret it was not in flower when I collected it.

15. H. Lawsoniz,* W. and A. Prodr. 407 (1836).
Thw. Enum. 140. C. P. 13, 1697.
BIS Bs lads ainso:

* The name was bestowed in error. Our plant is not Wendlandia
Lawsonie, DC. (Lawsonia purpurea, Lam.), which is A. fruticosa, L.

Hedyotis.] Rubiacee. Ali

A small shrub, 3-6 ft. high, with very numerous ascending
branches, stems stout, very bluntly 4-angled, glabrous and
shining, often purplish, branches supra-axillary, young parts
glabrous; |. varying from I to over 4 in., but usually 2-3 in.,
oval or lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous, rather thick,
petiole under }in., stip. short, broad, obtuse, rather thick,
keeled down the centre, deciduous; fl. pedicellate, rather
large (for genus), cymes very numerous, small, stalked, supra-
axillary and terminal, forming large compound inflor. usually
exceeding leaves; cal. glabrous, segm. short, triangular, acute;
cor.-tube broad, lobes ovate, acute, as long as tube, recurved,
woolly inside; disk tumid; fruit } in., ovoid-globose, rounded
and blunt at the top, which projects beyond the erect
persistent cal.-segm., splitting from above into 2 ventrally
dehiscent carp.

Upper montane zone; common, often growing gregariously. FI,
March, September, and October; white, anth. violet.

Endemic.

This beautiful profusely fowering shrub is not variable, but the leaves
of some specimens from Adam’s Peak are very small with strongly
revolute margins. It is one of the great ornaments of the higher hill-
forests, and is well worthy of cultivation in gardens.

Sir J. Hooker has pointed out that Wight, Ic. t. 1026, cannot repre-
sentthis species. Neither is it Rheede, Hort. Malab. iv. t. 57, quoted by
W.and A. The flowers are markedly dimorphic.

16. H. verticillaris, W. and A. Prodr. 409 (1834).

FT, plantaginifolia, Arn. Pug. 22. Thw. Enum. 142. C. P. 107.

FI. B. Ind. iii. 56. Wight, Ic. t. 1020.

A large stemless perennial herb, with a long vertical
tap-root and short erect rootstock giving off from the base
long stout suckers; radical 1. very numerous, very close, erect,
forming a large rosette, 8-16 in., sessile, much sheathing at
base, linear-lanceolate, ensiform, acuminate, acute, stiff, quite
glabrous, bright light green, paler beneath, with 3, 5, or 7
very strong, thick, longitudinal ribs from base to apex, pro-
minent and almost winged beneath, channelled above, stip.
large, adnate to sides of 1.-bases, 3 in. long, narrow, linear,
acuminate, somewhat laciniate at top, ciliate, with short
fleshy rootlike papillz especially abundant at the base; scapes
numerous, axillary, erect, rather shorter than 1, much com-
pressed, glabrous, fl. sessile, in dense globular stalked heads,
arranged trichotomously or in whorls in terminal cymose
panicles, bracts at base of branches large, leaflike, smaller
upwards; cal. glabrous, segm. narrowly lanceolate, acute,
cor.-tube hairy within, shorter than cal., lobes acute, recurved ;
fruit turbinate, crowned with cal, and prominent convex disk,

Bie heubtacee. [Hedyotis.

which is perforate in centre; seeds numerous, finely muri-
culate, dark brown.

Upper montane zone on the patanas above 6000 ft.; very common.
Fl. April, May; white.

Also in the Nilgiri Mts.

A very curious species, totally unlike all the others in habit. The
large stipules are completely concealed in the sheathing leaf-bases, and
are constantly immersed in the water that fills them.

17. H. ceerulea, WV. and A. Prod. 412 (1834).

Thw. Enum. 144. C. P. 1674.

Hl Balindsni oo. bedds tere a ind lOrat-sso:

Annual, stem erect, 3-12 in., very slender, usually much
branched, cylindrical, rough with small harsh prominences;
1, about }in., narrowly linear, sessile, sharply aristate at apex,
minutely scabrous, margins reflexed, stip. adnate to l.-base,
pectinate, with long filiform bristle-like teeth ; cymes small,
few-flowered, sessile, terminal or axillary, fl. sessile, often
solitary in the bifurcations; cal-segm. lanceolate, rigid,
tapering to sharp spinous apex; capsule globular-ovoid,
crowned with erect cal.-limb nearly equalling it in length,
pubescent, loculicidally dehiscent on the top only.

Sandy places near the coast, especially in the dry region ; rather
common. Colombo; Chilaw; Mannar; Jaffna; Batticaloa. FI. Dec.—

_Feb.; blue.
Also in S. India.

18. H. nitida, W. and A. Prod. 412 (1834). Pita-sudu-pala, S

Hi. Neestana, Arn. Pug. 23. Thw. Enum. 143. C. P. 122.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 61. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 36 ? (&. glabella).

Annual, branches numerous, prostrate or ascending, slender,
quadrangular, slightly rough on the angles; |. 1-1#in., ovate-
or oblong- or linear-lanceolate, acute or rounded at base,
acute at apex, margin rough, often slightly revolute, bright
light green, glabrous and shining above, scabrous at end,
whitish and with the midrib often slightly rough beneath,
stiff and rigid, petiole very short, stip. of long filiform ciliate
bristles; fl. axillary, solitary or 2 or 3 together, sessile; cal.-
segm. large, broadly lanceolate, rigid, spinous-ciliate, recurved;
cor.-lobes longer than tube; capsule globose, crowned with
large cal.-segm., glabrous, veiny, dehiscent on summit only.

Lower montane zone; rather rare. Ambagamuwa; Ramboda; near
Bilahul-oya. Thwaites says ‘common;’ the Fl. B. Ind. queries its
occurrence here. Fl. March; white.

Also in Peninsular India. :
Thwaites says that the leaves of this are chopped up, boiled, and

eaten with rice.

Hedyotis.] Rubiacee. ane

19. H. Auricularia,* Z. SZ. P/. 1o1 (1753). Géta-Kola, S.

Burm. Thes. 227. Fl. Zeyl.n.64. Moon Cat. 10. Thw. Enum. 142.
GLP. 1694.

ieee nd ii. So-9) bur. thes, t 108, f) 1) Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind.
OR i127.

Annual, branches numerous, prostrate, spreading, not
rooting at nodes, nearly cylindrical, stout, hairy especially
at nodes and along two lines on opp. sides, dark purple;
]. 1-2 in., oval, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, slightly rounded
at base, acute, very minutely spinous on edge, slightly hairy
above, more so beneath, lat. veins much curved, impressed
above, prominent beneath, petiole usually very short, stip.
short, not connate, very slightly adnate to base of petiole,
membranous, hairy, with 3 or 5 unequal filiform bristly teeth;
fl. on very short glabrous ped., crowded in small very dense
axillary cymes; cal.-segm. small, triangular, acuminate, hairy,
recurved ; cor.-tube very short, lobes oblong, obtuse, recurved,
hairy at base; capsule small, nearly globular, hairy, hard,
indehiscent.

Low couniry; a common weed. FI. June-September; white.
Also in most parts of the Eastern Tropics.

20. H. inamoena, 7hiw. Enum. 143 and 419 (1864).

C. P. 3543.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 61.

A slender shrub, erect, with few spreading branches, stems
sub-quadrangular, glabrous; |. 34-44 in., oblong-lanceolate,
attenuate at base, acuminate, acute at apex, quite glabrous,
lat. veins inconspicuous, petiole short, stip. connate below,
triangular, obtuse, 2-ribbed, glandular-pubescent, soon falling;
fl. few, small, nearly sessile, axillary, within the stipular
sheath; cal. pilose, segm. ovate, acute ; cor. small, pilose, tube
rather long; capsule nearly globose, almost glabrous, crowned
with short cal.-segm., indehiscent.

Moist region; veryrare. Pitigala Kande, near Balangoda (Thwaites).
The Fl. B. Ind. gives Adam’s Peak. FI. Sept.

Endemic.

Dries black. Thwaites formerly included his H. cénereo-viridis under

this species, and var. B of that species is very like, but can be easily dis-
tinguished by the different calyx.

21. H. cyanescens, 7iw. Lnum. 143 (1859).
C, P. 2384.
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 62.

* Auricularia, from its use as a cure for deafness; a name of the old
pharmacists.

314 Rubiacee. | Oldenlandia.

A much-branched undershrub, the lower branches often
prostrate and rooting at the nodes, stems acutely quadrangular,
glabrous, |. 14-24 in., oval, tapering to base, acute at apex,
rough, with scattered harsh hairs on both sides and margins,
petiole 4-4 in. stip. short, connate, triangular, very deeply
pectinate with long subulate teeth, deciduous; cal.-segm.
linear, ciliate, purple; cor.-lobes ovate, acute; capsule very
small, narrowly turbinate, membranous, crowned by the cal.-
segm. which are many times longer, indehiscent.

Moist low country; very rare. Murutu (Gardner); Ambagamuwa.
Fl. December; pinkish-white.

Endemic.

The whole plant is often of an intense purple colour, especially the
under sides of the leaves.

13. OLDENLANDIA, L.

Herbs, usually annual, stip. various, acute or truncate,
fl. small, solitary or in small cymes, axillary; cal.-segm. 4,
erect, distant in fruit; cor.-lobes 4, obtuse, valvate; stam. 4,
ov. 2-celled, ovules numerous in each cell, on large placentas,
style simple, stigmas 2; fruit a small capsule, usually some-
what didymous, loculicidally dehiscent on the crown; seeds
numerous, smooth or pitted.—Sp. 70; 23 in FZ. B. L[nd.

Ov. terete.
Capsule as broad as long.
L. linear.
Fl. solitary or in pairs.
Top of capsule flat, not protruded.

Fl. pedicellate, in pairs 1. O. CORYMBOSA

Fl. nearly sessile, solitary : 2. O. DIFFUSA.
Top of capsule rounded, preideg beyond

Cala 5 3. O. HERBACEA.

Fl. 3-10 together, umbellate 4. O. UMBELLATA.

-L. ovate or rotundate . : 5. O. TRINERVIA.
Capsule twice as long as broad 6. O. STRICTA.
Ov. quadrangular 7. O. BIFLORA.

1. O. corymbosa, ZL. SZ. P/. 119 (1753). Wal-patpadagam, 5S.

Burm. Thes. 22 (in part). Hedyotis Burmanniana, Br., Thw. Enum.
144. O. difiora, Moon Cat. 11 (non L.). C. P. 1676, 2638 (part).

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 64. Burm. Thes. t. 11 (good).

Annual, small, stems numerous, slender, erect or ascending
or Sec 6-12 in., glabrous or slightly hispid, cylindrical;
|. 4-1 in., linear, sessile, apiculate, margin usually scabrous,
stip. short, truncate, pectinate with few teeth; fi. on filiform
ped. longer than cal., in pairs (rarely solitary), peduncles very

Oldenlandia.] Rubwacee. 315

slender, shorter than 1.; cal.-segm. small, narrowly triangular,
mucronate; capsule nearly globose, often slightly pyriform,
truncate, somewhat didymous, glabrous.

Var. 8, racemosa, 7iw. Enum. 419. C. P. 3837, 2638.

Fl. 3-6 together, racemose or umbellate, peduncle shorter.

Low country; a common weed. Var. 8, Colombo. FI. July—Sept.;
white.

Throughout the Tropics. Linnzeus founded the species on the
American plant. Some species seem intermediate in characters between
this and O. diffusa (e. g. C. P. 2638).

Very much used as a medicine in remittent fevers.

2. O. diffusa, Rox. Hort. Beng. 11 (1814).

Hedyotis Burmanniana, var. brachypoda, Thw. Enum. 419. C. P.
3838.

FL. B. Ind. iii. 65.

Stems numerous, prostrate, often rooting at nodes, slender,
glabrous; |. $-14in., linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, stip.
short, slightly pectinate; fl. solitary (rarely 2 together), on
very short ped.; cal.-segm. rather long, narrow, cuspidate,
finely ciliate, very distant in fruit; capsule larger than in
corymbosa, broader than long, very truncate and flat on top.

A weed in waste ground in low country; less common than O. corym-
bosa. ¥F\. June-September; white.

Tropical Asia generally.

3. O. herbacea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Wall. i. 445 (1820).

Fl. Zeyl. n. 65. Hedyotis herbacea, L. Sp. Pl. 102. Moon Cat. Io.
Hi. Heyniz, Br., Thw. Enum. 144. C. P. 1673.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 65 (O. Heyuiz). Rheede, Hort. Mal. x. tt. 23 and 35.

An erect, rigid, much-branched annual herb with dicho-
tomous, slender, quadrangular, glabrous, divaricate branches
with long internodes; |. #-14 in. linear (the lower rather
broader), sessile, acute, glabrous, margin often recurved, stip.
very short, inconspicuous; fl. solitary, on stiff, divaricate,
axillary ped., longer or shorter than 1.; cal.-teeth lanceolate,
acute, short ; capsule ovate-ovoid, with the top rounded and
protruded beyond the erect cal.-segm.

Low country; very common, and up to 4000 ft., in dry sandy places.
All the year ; white.

Also in Peninsular India, Malay Islands, and Trop. Africa.

Hermann’s specimens are the whole foundation for Linnzeus’s 4.
herbacea, and they are clearly this species, which is generally called
O. Hleyniz, though Roxburgh had retained Linnzeus’s specific name under

Oldenlandia, ‘This does not vary in Ceylon, and is an easily distinguished
species.

O. crystallina, Roxb., an Indian species, has been occasionally found
as a weed in gardens, doubtless introduced with other plants in soil.

3216 Rubwacee. [ Oldenlandia.

4. O. umbellata, Z. SP. Pl. 119 (1753). Saya, S. Chaya, 7.

Herm. Mus. 22. Burm. Thes. 208. Fl. Zeyl.n.67. Moon Cat. 11.
Fledyotis umbellata, Lam., Thw. Enum. 144. C. P. 125.

Pi beelndenityoon. koxbs Cory bint:

Annual but semi-woody at base, stems very numerous
prostrate or ascending, 6-10in., quadrangular or compressed
glabrous or rough; |. numerous, rather close, sessile, 4-1 in.,
linear, very acute, margin setaceous and often reflexed, stip.
very short, pectinate; fl. on short ped., 3-10 together in very
numerous irregular small umbels on stiff erect peduncles ;
cal. glabrous, segm. triangular, cuspidate, spinous-ciliate ;
capsule nearly globose, broader than long, top slightly pro-
truded above cal.

Sandy ground, especially near the coast and in the dry region;
common. All the year; white.

Also in S. India and N. Burma.

This affords the ‘ Chay-root,’ at one time an important dyeing material
and a monopoly of Government.* The root was collected especially in
the north of the island, and is still gathered to a small extent in Mannar
I., where is a village wholly occupied by a caste who dye cloths with it.
The colour is a dull pinkish-purple, and very durable. There was formerly
a considerable export to India.

5. O. trinervia, Retz. Obs. Bot. iv. 23 (1786).

fledyotis trinervia, R. and S., Thw. Enum. 144. C. P. 1681.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 66. " Bedd. Ie. Pl. Indy Orit2o:

A small annual, stems weak, flaccid, slender, branched,
slightly hairy; 1 numerous, broadly ovate or rotundate,
tapering to base or obscure petiole, nearly glabrous, thin,
3-veined at base ; fl. on very short ped., in small clusters; cal.
hairy, segm. narrowly triangular, acute; fruit very small,
globose, very hairy, flat-topped, opening ‘by a wide cireular
mouth.

Low country in damp places; very rare (?). Jaffna(Gardner); Reigam
Korale (Thwaites). Fl. September.

Also in India, Burma, Malay Islands, and Trop. Africa.
Has the habit and appearance of an Alsinaceous plant.

6. O. stricta, LZ. Mant. 200 (1781).

Hledyotis maritima, Moon Cat. 10; Thw. Enum. 144 (? Linn. f.).
C. P. 1678.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 68. Pluk. Phytogr. t. 332, f. 3 (bad).

Annual or perennial with a woody base, and numerous,
erect, slender, wiry, sub-quadrangular, glabrous, dichotomously
branched stems, often 2 ft. high; 1. 1-14 in., sessile, linear,

* Extracts from the Dutch Records referring to the collection of this _
plant for Government are given by the late Colonial Surgeon Ondaatje
in the appendix to the Ceylon Almanac for 1853, pp. 14-16.

Anotis.| Rubiacee. Bi,

very acute, glabrous, stip. adnate to base of |. and with them
forming a close sheath round the stem, mouth truncate, ciliate;
fl. on slender, erect ped., few, distant, in slender erect elon-
gated racemose cymes; cal.-segm. short, lanceolate, subulate;
cor.-lobes oblong, obtuse, longer than tube; capsule 3 in.,
twice as long as broad, oblong, crowned with tooth-like cal.-
segm., glabrous, top slightly rounded.

Sandy seashores ; rather common, especially in the north of the island.
Fl. Dec.—March; pink.

Also in S. India.
Remarkably like a Sz/ene or Tunzca in habit.

7. O. biflora, Z. SA. Pi. 119 (1753).

E Fl. Zeyl. n. 68. AHedyotis racemosa, Lam., Thw. Enum. 144. C. P.
1679.
PL B. Ind. iii. 69 (O. paniculata) and 70. Burm. f. Fl. Ind. t. 15, f. 1.
(bad) (O. paniculata). Wight, Ic. t. 312.

Annual, stems 4-12 in., erect or ascending, rather stout,
quadrangular, glabrous, slightly branched; |. 4-14 in., oblong-
oval, tapering at base into obscure petiole, subacute, apicu-
late, glabrous, rather thick, stip. short, broadly triangular,
acute; fl. rather large (for genus), pedicellate, 2 or 3 together
on short axillary peduncles, or, the 1. being small and bract-
like, together forming a short racemose panicle; cal.-segm.
lanceolate, acute, glabrous; ov. distinctly quadrangular,
glabrous; capsule turbinate-ovoid, strongly 4-ribbed, truncate,
crowned with distant cal.-segm.; seeds pitted.

Low country, chiefly near the coast; rather common. Galle;
Colombo; Batticaloa; Trincomalie; Mannar. All the year; white.

Throughout the Tropics of Asia.

I cannot distinguish two species here, as is done in Fl. B. Ind.
Hermann’s type specimen of O. dz/lora, L., is a luxuriant one, and would
be now generally named O. faniculata. The brief description of it in F1.
Zeyl. is good. O. paniculata, L., is, moreover, quite doubtful; it is
entirely based on a figure of Burman in Thes. Zeyl. t. 71, f. 2, which is
apparently a J/o//ugo (certainly not an Oldenlandia). But O. paniculata,
Burm.f. (the figure quoted above from his Fl. Ind.), is the present species.

14. ANOTIS, D.C.

Annual or perennial herbs, stip. pectinate or bristly or
nearly absent, fl. small, nearly sessile, in small axillary or
terminal cymes; cal.-segm. 4, distant in fruit; cor.-lobes 4,
shorter than tube, valvate; stam. 4; ov. 2- or 4-celled, ovules
few or I in each cell, placentas basal, style simple, stigmas 2
or 4, linear; fruit a small capsule, dehiscent on the top or
indehiscent; seeds very few, pitted.—Sp. 25; 18 in FZ. B. Lund.

318 Rubtacee. [Anotis.

Capsule 4-celled . : : : : . I. A. QUADRILOCULARIS.
Capsule 2-celled.
Capsule flat, orbicular, indehiscent.

Lat. veins of 1. obvious . : : . 2. A. NUMMULARIA.
Lat. veins of |. invisible . : : . 3. A. NUMMULARIFORMIS.
Capsule ovoid-turbinate, septicidal . . 4. A. RICHARDIANA.

1. A. quadrilocularis, 2. f in Fl. B. Ind. iii. 74 (1880).

Hedyotis guadrilocularis, Thw. Enum. 144. C. P. 3132.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 74.

Annual, 6-18 in., with many flaccid, spreading, glabrous,
cylindrical branches; |. ?-14in., ovate-oval, acute at both
ends, slightly hairy, very thin, pale beneath, petiole 4 in., stip.
short, truncate with a few bristles; fl. nearly sessile, solitary
or 2-4 together in the axils (those on short branchlets with a
single pair of l. appearing terminal); cal.-segm. broadly
oblong; cor.-lobes ovate, bristly on back; ov. 4- (rarely 3-)
celled, stigmas 4, linear, drooping; capsule depressed, broader
than long, glabrous, 4-lobed, capped with large cal.-segm.,
4-celled; seeds 3 in each cell; nearly globose, deeply pitted.

Low country; rare, on wet rocks. Bintenne District; Kindegodde,

Badulla Dist. (Thw.); near Lunugala, Uva. Fl. Jan—April; white.
Also in S. India.

2. A. nummularia, “2. f. F/. B. Ind. iii. 75 (1880).
; Fledyotis nummutlaria, Arn. Pug. 23; Thw. Enum. 142. C. P. 1692,
2817.
FL B. Ind. iii. 75. .

A perennial stoloniferous herb, stems prostrate at base
and rooting at the nodes, then erect, about 1 ft. high, stiff,
quadrangular, slightly winged, pubescent or nearly glabrous,
rather succulent, very slightly branched at top; |. sessile, 4-3
in., rotundate, subacute, usually hairy on both sides, some-
times glabrous, rather thick, lat. veins obvious, stip. 0 or a few
bristles; fl. numerous, sessile, cymes terminal on rather long
peduncles, with 2 leaf-like bracts at base, dense, capitate; cal.-
segm. shorter than ov., lanceolate, acute, glabrous, cor.-tube
somewhat inflated, lobes lanceolate, acute, recurved, with a
few bristly hairs outside; stam. erect, exserted; style short,
stigmas 2, plumose, disk annular; capsule about fin. flat,
orbicular 2-celled, indehiscent, smooth, with 2 ridges on each
face, seeds I or 2 in each cell.

Upper montane zone in wet places; common. FI. Feb. and August;
pale violet—blue.

Endemic.

Plant slightly fetid when bruised. Nearly black when dried. C P.
2817 is a glabrous form, but different from the next.

Anotis.] Rubriacee. 319

3. A. nummulariformis, 77im. Syst. Cat. Ceyl. 42 (1885).

Hledyotis nummulariformis, Arn. Pug. 23. Hf. nummularta, var.
glabra, Thw. Enum. 142 (in part). C. P. 113.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 75 (A. smmularia, var.).

Perennial (?), stems 6-18 in., branched, weak, ascending,
bare below, strongly quadrangular, slightly winged, usually
glabrous (sometimes slightly hairy), shining and polished;
1. very shortly stalked, $-?in., narrowly ovate, usually
rounded at base, acute, margins recurved, glabrous above,
very pale and sometimes hairy beneath, rather thick, midrib
prominent beneath but lat. veins invisible, stip. pectinate with
long linear teeth fimbriate at apex; fl.nearly sessile, crowded in
small capitate cymes on long peduncles both terminal and
axillary; cal.-segm. triangular, acuminate; cor.-lobes short,
acute, recurved; capsule as in the last.

Upper montane zone in wet places; rather common. N. Eliya;
Maturata; Adam’s Peak; Knuckles Mts. Fl. Feb., and Aug., Sept.;
pale violet,

Endemic.

I do not think this should be combined with O. xzaummularia; as is
done by Thwaites.

4. A. Richardiana, Zé. f. in Fl. B. Ind. iii. 75 (1880).

Hedyotis Richardiana, Arn. Pug. 22. A. monosperma, W. and A.,
var. subglabra. Thw. Enum. 142. C. P. 97.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 75.

A perennial herb, stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes,
spreading, much branched, flowering shoots ascending, cylin-
drical, hairy; |. usually small, $-?in., broadly ovate, rounded
or slightly cordate at base, acute, hairy on both sides, rather
thick, with the numerous lat. veins prominent beneath, petiole
very short, stip. large, hairy, cut half way down into linear
teeth; fl. sessile, cymes small, lax, terminal, on short unequal
peduncles; cal. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, hairy, cor.-tube
narrow, hairy within, lobes nearly as long as tube, spreading,
stam. not exserted, style long, stigmas 2, plumose; capsule
4 in., ovoid-turbinate, slightly compressed with a convex top
exceeding the persistent cal.-segm., glabrous or hairy, 2-celled,
with a single seed in each cell, at length splitting septicidally.

Upper montane zone; very common, and occurring in large masses.
Fl. August, Sept.; bright violet.

Endemic.

A very pretty little plant, forming large beds in the hills, but with a
disgusting odour when bruised as by walking over it.

The above description is that of the ordinary form, but the 1. are often
much larger, 3-4 in., on longer petioles and nearly glabrous, the stems
erect and much taller, and the cymes very lax. I suspect some of ours is
rather A. monosperma, W. and A. (Wight, Ic. t. 1031), to which Thwaites
referred it.

320 Rubiacee. [ Ophiorrhiza.

15. OPHIORRHIZA,* L.

Herbs or undershrubs, stip. not conspicuous, fl. small,
erect, secund on branches of dichotomous cymes, on ter-
minal peduncles, with or without bracts; cal.-limb 0, segm. 5 ;
cor. tubular, lobes 5, valvate; stam. 5, inserted in tube, anth.
linear; disk of 2 very large, prominent erect lobes which
become much enlarged in fr.; ov. 2-celled, placentas arising
from base of dissepiment, with many ovules; fruit a capsule,
very strongly compressed, crowned with enlarged disk, which
protrudes beyond cal.-segm., coriaceous, much broader than
long, loculicidally dehiscent on the top, seeds numerous,
angular.—Sp. about 50; 31 in FZ. B. Ind—The species are
obscurely defined.

Bracts absent or early caducous.
Stem erect.

Herbaceous; cal. segm. short, triangular 1. O. MUNGOS.
Shrubby; cal.-segm. narrow, very acute 2. O. HARRISIANA.
Stem prostrate, rooting below. 3. O. RADICANS.

Bracts persistent with fruit.
Bracts glabrous.

L. glabrous . 4. O. PECTINATA.
L. hairy 5. O. PALLIDA.
Bracts ciliate . 6. O. GLECHOMIFOLIA.

1.0. Mungos,t Z. Sp. Pl. 150 (1753). Dat-kétiya, Wal-
ékaweriya, 5.

Herm. Mus. 37. Fl. Zeyl. n. 402. Moon Cat. 19. Thw. Enum. 139.
C. P. 1704.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 77. Gaertn. Fruct. i. t. 55 (fruit only).

Herbaceous, never shrubby, stem 14-2 ft., erect, cylin-
drical, slightly branched, glabrous or very finely puberulous;
l. rather large, 4-8 in., lanceolate, much tapering at base and
decurrent on short petiole, shortly acuminate, subacute,
glabrous above, finely puberulous on veins beneath, thin,
bright green above, pale beneath, lat. veins very numerous,
depressed above, prominent beneath, stip. very short; cymes
several, horizontally spreading, arranged sub-umbellately in a
flat-topped terminal infl. quite without bracts, fl. on short

* From the alleged specific action of the roots against the poison of
serpents, Linnzeus following Kaempfer in this.

+ Kaempfer (1712) is the first to connect this plant with the Mungoose
by calling it Radix Mungo and quoting Garcia de Orta’s account of
‘Lignum colubrinum’ for it. I think, however, from the description
given by the latter, that the plant meant was rather Rauwolfia serpentina
(see under that species).

Ophiorrhiza.] Rubiacee. 321

ped.; cal.-segm. very short, triangular, cor.-tube inflated at
base, broad, with a ring of long silky hair at mouth, lobes
much shorter than tube; disk very prominent; capsule 2 in.
wide, coriaceous, 3 times as wide as long, very much com-
pressed, protruded beyond cal.; seeds very numerous,
angular, pale brown.

Var. 8, nemorosa, /7k. f. O.emorosa, Thw. Enum. 139. C. P. 205.

L. narrower, stip. with 1 or 2 long setaceous bristles; fl.
much larger; cor.-tube longer.

Var. y, angustifolia, 7k. f O. angustifolia, Thw. Enum. f4o.
C. P. 431.

L. smaller, oblong-lanceolate, stip. with setaceous bristles,
cymes small, with small linear bracts, tomentose.

Shady places in the moist region from sea-level up to 6000 ft.;
common. Var. 8, Medamahanuwara; Galagama. Var. y, Ambaga-
muwa. All the year; white, in var. 8, pinkish.

Also in India, Burma, Malay Islands; the varieties endemic.

The root is said to have a reputation for snake-bites in India; but not,
I think, here. The leaves are bitter, and a remedy for toothache. There
is no published figure of this familiar plant.

Linnzeus refers to this also the ‘ Naghawalli’ of Herm. Mus. 55, which
the latter says is brought from Adam’s Peak, the leaves being a specific
cure for the bite of the cobra. They are described as spotted, and it is
likely some other plant was intended. Moon, indeed, gives this name for
Justicia picta (Graptophyllum hortense), a common garden plant.

2. O. Harrisiana, Heyne in Wall. Cat. n. 6236 (1828).

O. decumbens, Gardn. in Thw. Enum. 419. C. P. 3656.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 78. Wight, Ic. t. 1162 (O Harrisoniz).

A small undershrub, with many ascending slender branches,
often rooting at the base, young twigs glabrous or pubescent;
l. 14-34 in., ovate-oval or lanceolate, tapering to both ends,
acute, pale and pubescent on veins beneath, stip., with a few
setaceous bristles; cymes few, small, lax, pubescent, on long
slender peduncles, bracts setaceous, soon falling; cal.-segm.
very acute, capsule small, triangular, with the ends prolonged,
pubescent.

Moist shady places in lower montane zone; common. FI. June-
September; white.

Also in India and Burma.

Scarcely more than a variety of O. Mungos, but its shrubby habit gives

it a different look.

3. O. radicans, Gardn. in Thw. Enum. 139 (1859).
©, P..1706.
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 80.
Stems prostrate, filiform, copiously rooting, with ascending
branches and ends, finely woolly-pubescent; |. small, }—1 in.,
PART IL. Y

322 Rubiacee. [Ophiorrhiza.

numerous, ovate or rotund-ovate, obtuse or subacute, glabrous
except on veins beneath, petiole about half as long, pubescent,
stip. inconspicuous; fl. few, shortly stalked, in small bifid
- cymes on erect slender apparently terminal peduncles much
exceeding the l., bracts subulate, caducous; cal.-segm. acute;
capsule very small, Lin. wide, 3 times as broad as long, hairy.

Moist region to 4000 ft.; rather common (?) Hantane; Kukul Korale,
&c. Fl. June; white.

Endemic.

I have a very Swnileaved creeping form from Kalubowitiya Kande,
Hiniduma.

4. O. pectinata, Arz. Pug. 20 (1836).

Thw. Enum. 140. C€. P. 712; 750.

IML, 13}, Tea iis ie

Stem erect, often semi-shrubby below, slightly branched,
glabrous or pubescent; |. 3-6 in, oval to linear-lanceolate,
much tapering below into obscure petiole, acuminate, acute,
glabrous on both sides, thin, midrib very broad, lat. veins
numerous, curved, stip. over 4in., broad at base, then filiform;
fl. very shortly stalked, closely placed in dense cymes um-
bellately arranged at end of stiff peduncle, and forming an
almost globose head, bracts conspicuous, much exceeding
cal., linear-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, persistent in fruit;
cal.-segm. small, subulate; cor.-tube 4 in., lobes short, hairy
within; capsules crowded and overlapping, 2 in. wide.

Lower montane zone in forests; very common. Fl. March—May;
white or greenish.

Also in S. India.

C. P. 750 has the flowers very closely packed in the corymbs, and is
var. 6 of Thw. (O. zmbricata, Gardn.).

5. O. pallida, 7iw. Enum. 140 (1859).

C. P. 711, 3344.

Fl. B. Ind. i. 81.

Stems more or less procumbent and often rooting below,
roughly tomentose; |. 14-34 in., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute or rounded at base, acuminate, acute, hairy on both
sides, petiole rather long, hairy, stip. simple setaceous; cymes
small, subglobose, glabrous, on long peduncles, bracts rather
long, linear; cor.-lobes very short; capsule about }in. wide,
glabrous.

Moist region; very rare. Murutu (Gardner); Ambagamuwa. FI.
December; white.

Endemic.

C. P. 3344 (from Ambagamuwa) is a very small form more creeping,
and with broader, smaller leaves.

‘Mussenda.| Rubracee.

Oo
Oo

6. O. glechomifolia, 7iw. L7w7. 140 (1859).

C. P. 1708.

Fl. B. Ind. iti. 84.

Stems completely prostrate, rooting a the nodes, covered
with crisp hairs, rather stout; 1. small, 3 L—3 in., broadly ovate,
rounded or slightly cordate at ‘base, acute or subacute at apex,
coarsely hairy on both sides, petiole rather long, hairy, stip.
inconspicuous; cymes small, bifurcate, few-flowered, peduncles
glabrous or pubescent, bracts linear, ciliate, persistent; cal.-
segm. large, lanceolate-oblong, acute, strongly ciliate; SO
lobes as long as tube, hairy within; capsule very small, yz in.,
crowned with large cal, -segm. , hairy.

Moist low country to 3000 ft.; rare. Allagala; Ramboda; Sabara-
gamuwa Dist. Fl. Feb., July, Sept.; white.

Endemic.

Very like O. radicans in habit, but distinguished by its much more
hairy leaves and larger ciliate cal.-segm.

16. MUSSZENDA,* Linz.

Scandent, shrubby, stip. small, sometimes bifid, fl. in ter-
minal cymes; cal.-segm. 5, narrow, deciduous, one sometimes
developed into a large petioled white leaf; cor.-tube with a
dense lining of hair at mouth, lobes short, valvate, with
reflexed margins; stam. 5, inserted about 4 down and enclosed
in cor.-tube, fil. 0, anth. linear; ov. 2-celled, ovules numerous,
on large fleshy placentas; fruit soft, indehiscent, 2-celled ;
seeds many, minute, pitted.—Sp. 4o; 11 in FV. B. [nd.

MM. frondosa, ZL. Sf. Pl. 177 (1753). Wussenda, Wel-
butsarana, 5S.

Hern. Mus. 36. Burm. Thes. 165. Fl. Zeyl.n. 84. Moon Cat. 15.
Thw. Enum. 138. C. P. 1664.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 89. Burm. Thes. t. 76. Wight, Ill. t. 124.

A scrambling shrub, climbing by its long, flexuose, divari-
cate branches, which are cylindrical and finely velvety; 1. 3-5
in., ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, shortly acuminate, sub-
acute, finely velvety on both sides, paler and with prominent
venation beneath, petiole 1-4in., pubescent, stip. rather small,
triangular, usually more or less bifid, membranous, pubescent,
soon falling; fl. on stout pubescent ped. as long as ov., in
rather small, contracted, paniculate, terminal cymes, bracts
small, subulate, caducous, buds blunt, strongly 5-angled; cal.-
segm, nearly 4 4 in., narrowly linear, pubescent, deciduous, the

* The Sinhalese name unaltered.

324 Rubiacee. [Acranthera.

enlarged one (only developed on the outer side of a few fi.)
in all respects save colour resembling the foliage-l, but rather
broader, velvety on both sides, creamy white, persistent; cor.-
tube Zin., with a dense lining of short yellow hairs completely
blocking the mouth and extending 4 way down, lobes short,
broadly oval, apiculate, convex above, spreading; anth. small;
fruit 2 in., nearly globose, faintly 2-lobed, slightly scabrous.

Var. B, glabrata, kz. f. in Fl. B. Ind.

L. smaller, 2-3 in., narrower, tapering to base, quite
glabrous on both sides; buds acute, not 5-angled; cal.-segm.
very short, acuminate, glabrous; cor.-lobes acuminate; fruit
glabrous.

Moist region up to 4000 ft.; verycommon. Var. in the low country.
Fl. April-August; brilliant orange.

Also in India, Andaman Is., and Malay Archipelago.

A very conspicuous plant everywhere, from the white leaf-like enlarged
calyx-lobes and brilliant, though not large, flowers. The hairs on the
leaves are sometimes pink. Extremely variable in amount of hairiness,
often villous in the hills. In Fl. B. Ind. all the Ceylon plant is called
var. zeylanica, which is, however, restricted by the description to the
velvety or tomentose form, which is the type as described by Linnzeus.
Var. 6, which looks quite distinct, is perhaps the JZ. corymbosa of Roxb.,
which he states (Fl. Ind. i. 556) to be a native of Ceylon, or possibly 1.
glabra, Vahl, which has a wide Malaya and Burma distribution but is
not recorded for Peninsular India in FI]. B. Ind.

A decoction is used externally in inflammations.

17, ACRANTHERA, Arn.

Perennial herb, 1. large, stip. triangular; fl. large in ter-
minal cymes; cal.-segm. 5, long, persistent ; cor. tubular-funnel-
shaped, lobes 5, valvate; stam. 5, inserted near base of cor.-
tube, anth. connate at their points; ov. 1-ce//ed, but apparently
2-celled, the two parietal placentas completely meeting in the
centre and reflexed, stigma clavate; fruit oblong, indehiscent,
2-celled; seeds minute, very numerous.—Sp. 10; 6 in FZ. B.
Ind.

A. zeylanica, Arn. ix Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 21 (1839).

Thw. Enum. 138. C. P. 334.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 92. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 24 (not good).

A low perennial herb, rootstock thick, flexuose, stem. 2-8
in., often prostrate and rooting at base, then erect, stout, com-
pressed, densely silky-hairy; 1. large, 4-6 in., closely placed,
obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, tapering to base, rounded
or subacute at apex, sparingly hairy above, and densely so on

Leucocodon.| Rubiaceae. 225

veins beneath, strongly ciliate, thin, very bullate above, paler
with prominent coarse reticulate venation beneath, petiole
short, densely silky-hairy, stip. large, triangular, acuminate,
hairy; fl. large, nearly sessile, 3-12 together in rather dense,
trichotomous cymes, on stout, very hairy, erect (deflexed in
fruit) terminal peduncle, bracts numerous, very hairy; cal.
hairy, segm. linear, long, acuminate; cor.-tube 3 in., much
exceeding cal.-segm., narrow below, dilated in upper part,
lobes nearly 4in., oblong, obtuse, spreading; stam. included,
fil. apiculate; style included ; fruit 3 in., crowned with cal.-
segm., oblong-fusiform, membranous, very hairy; seeds nearly
globose, reticulate.

Lower montane zone, in damp, shady places; rather rare. Adam’s
Peak; Sabaragamuwa; Ambagamuwa; Hunasgiriya; Rangala Hill.
Fl. April-June; bright pale violet-blue, faintly sweet-scented.

Endemic.
First collected in 1836 by Wight and Walker.

18. LEUCOCODON, Gardn.

An epiphytic climbing shrub, stip. large, connate at base;
fl. rather small, in a terminal head, surrounded by a large
campanulate involucre; cal. adnate to lower 3 of ov., limb
shortly tubular, irregularly truncate, segm. 0; cor.-tube funnel-
shaped, lobes 5, valvate; stam. 5, inserted at mouth of cor.-
tube; ov. only partially inferior, crowned with an annular disk,
2-celled, with numerous ovules, stigma bilobed; fruit fleshy,
indehiscent, 2-celled; seeds numerous, compressed.—Mono-
typic and endemic.

L. reticulatum, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Fist. vii. 5 (1846).

Thw. Enum. 138. C. P. 347.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 94. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 94.

A woody epiphyte, sending off (like Ivy) adventitious
rootlets by which it climbs, stems cylindrical, marked with
leaf-scars and stipular rings, young parts glabrous; |. 4-6in.,
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or attenuate at base,
shortly acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous on both sides,
petiole about 4in., stip. 1 in. long, broadly oblong, connate at
base, bidentate at apex, glabrous, membranous, soon falling;
fil. rather small, sessile, capitate, on a short terminal peduncle,
surrounded by a very large involucre (formed of connate
bracts) which is campanulate, 14-17 in. wide, with 8 broad,
obtuse, recurved lobes, strongly 8-ribbed, glabrous, greenish-
white; cal.-limb short, truncate; cor.-tube narrow, lobes

226 Rubiacee. [ Urophyllum.

lanceolate, acute, shorter ian tube; fil. very short, anth.
exserted; fruit (not seen) 4 in., obovate- oblong, compressed,
fleshy, white: seeds striate, “yormaish: black.

Wet forests up to 4000 ft.; rare. Ambagamuwa (Gardn.); Ramboda;
Adam’s Peak; Maskeliya; Singhe Raja Forest; Kottawa Forest, S. Prov.
Fl. January-May; greenish-white.

Endemic.

A remarkable plant; the involucre resembles a large corolla.

19. UROPHYLIUM, Wail.

Shrubs, stip. undivided ; fl.small, often unisexual, in axillary
cymes or umbels; cal.-limb large, campanulate, thick, segm. 5,
shallow; cor.-tube short, broad, hairy at mouth, lobes 5, longer,
thick, valvate; stam. 5, inserted in cor.-tube, fil. short; ov. |
capped with thick prominent disk, 5-celled, with numerous
ovules in each; style short, stigmas 5; fruit a fleshy globose
berry; seeds minute, numerous, tubercled.—Sp. 35; 9 in FZ.
B. Ind.

Both our species are endemic.

Stip. large, oblong; cymes nearly sessile : . I. U. ELLIPHICUM
Stip. small, triangular; cymes pedunculate . . 2. U. ZEYLANICUM.

1. U. ellipticum, 7iw. Enum. 419 (1864).

Axzanthes elliptica, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 147. Thw.
Enum 1305 /€. 2.350:

Fl. B. Ind. i. 97. Wight, Ic. t. 1164 (A xanthes).

A large shrub, with stiff branches, young ones cylindrical
and glabrous below, sub-quadrangular and pubescent above;
]. large, 6-10 in., lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, acute,
glabrous above, often pubescent on wea beneath, rather
thick, veins prominent beneath, petiole 1-2 in. , slightly hairy,
stip. ¢in., linear-oblong, acute, thick, sig tL * deciduous: cymes
small, nearly sessile; fl. crowded, on very short elabrous ped. ;
cal. glabrous, segm. very broad and shallow, apiculate ; cor.
with long coarse hair within, lobes ovate, acute; berry small,
dull orange-yellow.

Moist region from 1000-6000 ft.; rather rare. Adam’s Peak; N. Eliya;

Deltota; Labugama. fl]. Jan._May; white.
Endemic. First collected by Wight in 1836.

2. U. zeylanicum, 7iw. Enum. 418 (1864).

Axanthes zeylanica, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vil. 146. Thw.
Enum. 139. C. P. 449.

IME 184) Iavel, soil, Git, 1 Wane, WWE. tes WlOsy

Webera.] Rubiacee, 327

A shrub, with long spreading, cylindrical glabrous branches;
1. 3-5 in., lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, subacute, quite
glabrous on both sides, venation reticulate, pellucid, prominent
beneath, petiole $—#in., stip. small, narrowly triangular, thick,
persistent; cymes irregularly umbellate, peduncles about as
long as petioles, ped. rather long, puberulous; cal. and cor.
asin U. ellipticum,; berry 4—2 in., depressed-globose, crowned
by rim of truncate, prominent, fleshy cal.-limb, smooth, pale
waxy, orange-yellow; seeds ovoid, compressed, pale brown.

Montane zone, 3000-7000 ft.; rather common. FI. Feb.—April, and
Aug.—Sept.; pale yellow.

Endemic.

The Sinhalese carpenters at N. Eliya call this ‘Wal-handun.’

20. SCHIZOSTIGMA, Arn.

A creeping, very hairy herb, stip. ovate, persistent; fl. rather
large, axillary; cal.-limb short, segm. large, unequal; cor.-tube
funnel-shaped, lobes 5, narrow, valvate; stam. 5, inserted in
upper part of cor.-tube, anth. slightly exserted; ov. 5-celled,
with numerous ovules, stigmas 5, spreading; fruit a hairy berry,
5-celled, many-seeded.—Monotypic and endemic.

S. hirsutum, 4rz. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 20 (1839).

Thw. Enum. 139. C. P. 268. ‘

Mie ind. 11. 100,, Bedd:, le: Pl, Ind: Or. t. 95:

Stems prostrate, long, rooting at nodes, cylindrical, very
hairy, with short erect branches; |. 2-3 in., lanceolate-oval,
acute at both ends, hairy on both sides, especially on veins
beneath, thin, petiole 4-1 in., very hairy, stip. rather large,
ovate, acute, nearly glabrous, persistent; fl. solitary or 2 or 3
together, on hairy axillary ped.; cal.-segm. 3 in., both broadly
and narrowly lanceolate, acute, slightly hairy; cor.-lobes as
long as tube, oblong, acuminate, hairy; berry crowned with
large cal.-segm., about $in., nearly globular, densely covered
with long hair.

Moist low country up to 2000 ft. or higher; rather common. FI. Feb.,
March; white.

Endemic. Apparently first collected by Finlayson (Wall. Cat. n. 8463),
who visited Ceylon in 1817-8.

21. WEBERA, Schred.

Shrub or small tree, stip. simple, subpersistent, fl. moderate-
sized, in terminal paniculate cymes; cal.-limb short, segm. 5
cor.-tube short, hairy in throat, lobes 5, twisted in bud

Be 8 Rubiacee. [Byrsophyllum.

stam. 5, inserted at mouth of cor., fil. short, anth. narrow;
ov. 2-celled, with few ovules in each cell half immersed in
fleshy placentas; fruit a hard 2-celled berry, seeds few.—
Sp. about 40; 20 in FZ, B. Ind.

W. corymbosa, W7lid. Sp. Pl. i. 1224 (1797). Tarana, S
Karanai, 7.

Fl. Zeyl. n. 80. Rondeletia astatica, L. Sp. Pl. 182. Tarenna zeylanica,
Gaertn. Fruct. t. 139. Moon Cat. 19. Stylocoryne Webera, A. Rich.,
Thw. Enum. 158. C. P. 185.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 102. Wight, Ic. tt. 309, 584.

A small tree or large bush, bark smooth, pale grey, twigs.
compressed, glabrous, buds exuding a waxy secretion; |. 24-6
in., oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous, polished
above, rather thick, lat. veins prominent beneath, usually with
small pits in their axils, petiole about 4in., stip. narrowly
triangular, acute, closely pressed to stem, and at first glued
to it by waxy secretion, subpersistent ; fl. on short nearly
glabrous ped., about 4 in. diam., cymes trichotomous; cal.-
segm. oblong, obtuse, faintly pilose; cor. hairy at mouth,
lobes longer than tube, oblong, acute, reflexed; stam. ex-
serted; stigma and portion of style exserted; berry 4-4 in.,
more or less globose, glabrous, dull green, becoming black,
usually without cal.-segm. on top.

Var. 6B, montana, 7hw. /. c. Webera cerifera, Moon Cat. 19.
CaP. s1620:

Inflor., buds and stipular nodes exuding copious resinous
wax; fl. larger; cal.-segm. acute, persistent, and crowning the
fruit.

From sea-level up to 7oooft.; very common. Var. 6 in upper montane
zone; common. Fl. Feb.—April,and September; white. In var. 8, yellow.

Also in Peninsular India and Malay Is.

Very variable. In the dry country the 1. are narrower and the fruit
smaller. Var. 8 perhaps distinct. There is no specimen or drawing of
this in Hermann’s collection.

Wood hard, heavy, yellowish, very strong, and, being also durable, is

used (in Northern Prov.) for constructing granaries, which are said to
last for fifty years.

22. BYRSOPHYLLUM, #7. /.

A small tree, stip. large, deciduous, fl. large, dicecious, in
small terminal cymes; cal.-limb short, truncate; cor.-tube
long, contracted and villous at mouth, lobes 5, twisted in
bud; stam. 5, inserted in cor.-tube, anth. sessile, included; ov.
2-celled, with numerous ovules immersed in fleshy placentas;

Randia.] Rubtiacee. 320)

fruit a large 2-celled berry; seeds few, flattened, immersed in
pulp.—Sp. 2; the other one in S. India.

B. ellipticum, Bedd. Forest. Man. 134-2 (1875 ?).
Stylocoryne elliptica, Thaw. Enum. 421 and 154 (Coffea ?). C. P. 3482.
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 107. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 55 SID (not good).

A small tree, 10-12 ft., branchlets stout, marked with close
leaf-scars, young parts glabrous; |. closely placed, large, 4-9
in., oval, tapering to base, shortly and abruptly acuminate,
obtuse, quite glabrous on both sides, rather coriaceous, paler
beneath, lat.-veins inconspicuous, petiole about I in., stout,
stip. I in., oblong, acuminate, glabrous, deciduous; fl. iW,
large, in sessile, trichotomous, terminal cymes, ped. stout, 1 4-4
in.; cal.-limb ‘glabrous, truncate, without Poa) cor.-tube
over I in., slightly wider upwards, lobes 3-3 in., oval-oblong,
obtuse; berry pyriform-globose, 1} in., rather tapering to
base, smooth; seeds few, large.

Moist low country; very rare. Hiniduma Pattu (Thwaites). FI.
Sept.; white.

Endemic.

I have not met with this, and have nothing but the C. P. specimens,
which include no fem. flowers. Turns black in drying.

23. RANDIA,* Z.

Shrubs or small trees, rarely scandent, one leaf of opp. pairs
often absent, stip. small, triangular; fl. rather large, solitary
and terminal or in leaf-opposed cymes; cal.-limb short, wide,
segm. large and leafy or very small; cor.-lobes 5 (rarely 6 or
7), longer than tube; anth. nearly sessile, long, exserted; ov.
2-celled, with many or several ovules in each cell sunk in
fleshy placentas, stigma large, clavate or fusiform, 2-fid.; fruit
a berry, 2-celled, with numerous seeds immersed in pulp.—
Sp. 90; 18 in FZ. B. Ind.

Spiny.
Fl. 1 or 3, terminal; cal.-limb persistent.

Fl. over 14 in.; fr. over 2 in.

Fl. and fr. both under 1 in.

Fl. in cymes; cal.-limb deciduous
Without spines.

L. narrow-lanceolate, cymes axillary

L. oval, cymes terminal or pabepivecd

R. ULIGINOSA.
. R. DUMETORUM.
. R. MALABARICA.

R. GARDNERI.
R. RUGULOSA.

Vik wndH

* Isaac Rand was Curator of the Apothecaries’ Garden at Chelsea
from 1724 till his death in 1743.

330 Rubiacee. [Randia.

1. R. uliginosa, DC. Prod. iv. 386 (1830). Bt-kukuruman,
Wadiga, S.

Gardenia uliginosa, Retz., Moon Cat. 19. Thw. Enum. 159. C. P. 2936.

Fl. B. Ind. il. 110 (not given for Ceylon). Wight, Ic. t. 397.

A small tree, much branched, branches thick, horizontal,
many of them short and terminating in 2 pair of short sharp
spreading spines, bark rough, shredding off in fibres, reddish-
brown; |. fascicled on suppressed branchlets, 3-5 in., spathu-
late-oblong or lanceolate, tapering to base, obtuse, glabrous
on both sides or slightly pubescent beneath, thin, reticulate-
veined, petiole very short, stip. acute; fl. large, 14-2 in. diam.,
solitary at end of suppressed branches, ped. short; cal.-limb
broadly tubular, segm. very shallow, rounded, ciliate; cor.
glabrous outside, tube with ring of hairs at mouth, lobes 5-7,
orbicular, much overlapping; fruit large, 24-3 in., pyriform
ovoid, smooth, pale or orange-brown, 2-celled, pericarp thick;
seeds numerous, closely packed in pulp.

Margins of tanks, &c., in the dry region; rather rare. Trincomalie;
Kantalai; Dambulla. Fl. Aug.—Sept.; white.

Also in India and Burma.

The flesh of the large yellow fruit is used in curries, but it is astringent.

2. R. dumetorum, Lam. ///. Genres, 11.227 (1793). Zukuruman,
S. Karai, 7.

Moon Gat. 19: Thw. Enum: 159, GC. BP. 1652!

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 110. Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 136 (Gardenia dumetorum).
Wight, Ic. t. 580.

A shrub or small tree, branches horizontal, rigid, many of
the lat. ones suppressed and very short, spines in opp. pairs
coming off immediately above the branchlets, 4-1 in. long,
horizontal, woody, strong, very sharp; 1. usually fasciculate
on the suppressed branchlets, nearly sessile, 1-2 in., obovate-
oval or spathulate, tapering to base, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous
or slightly pubescent, thin, reticulate-veined, stip. acuminate;
fl. 1 in. diam., 1-3 at ends of suppressed branchlets, ped. short;
cal.-limb broadly tubular, from nearly glabrous to very hairy,
seem. leafy, ovate, acute, imbricate, glabrous or slightly hairy ;
cor. hairy outside; tube as long as cal., lobes rounded, spread-
ing; fruit globose or broadly ovoid, about # in., crowned with
large cal.-limb, pilose, yellow, 2-celled, pericarp thick; seeds
flat, surrounded with pulp.

Dry region; very common, especially in sandy places near the coast.
F]. August; yellowish white.

Also in Peninsular India, Burma, Java, S. China, E. Trop. Africa.

Usually a mere spiny bush. Fruit said by Nevill to be used as a fish-

poison by the Veddas. The pulp of the fruit is a safe and much-used
emetic, and the root is given in bowel complaints.

Randia.] Rubtacee. Bel

3. R. malabarica, Zam. ///. Genres, ii. 226 (1793). Pudan, 7,

Griffithia fragrans, W. and A., Thw. Enum. 158. Gardenia fragrans,
Moon Cat. 19. C. P. 1234.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 111. Wight, Ic: t. 310.

An erect, much-branched shrub, with many branchlets
reduced to short sharp spreading axillary spines; 1. 14-3 in.,
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, tapering to base, subacute,
quite glabrous, petiole }-3 in., stip. acute, quickly caducous ;
fi. 2-1 in. diam., in few-flowered, spreading, glabrous, leaf-
opposed cymes, bracts small, connate in pairs, and so cup-
shaped; cal. glabrous, limb wide, cupular, deciduous, segm. 5
or 6, narrowly triangular, acute; cor. hairy at mouth, lobes
lanceolate, acute; anth. very long, exserted; fruit globose,
4-1 in, marked on top with ring-scar of cal.-limb; seeds
about $ in each cell, closely packed.

Dry and intermediate region; common. FI. April, September;
lemon-yellow.

Also in S. India.

Moon gives ‘ Maha-géta-kulu’ as the S. name for this. A dwarf, very
spinous state, with small rotundate leaves, which rarely flowers (much
like a Canthium in appearance) is very common.

4. R. Gardneri, 2. 7. in Gen. P/. ii. 88 (1873).

Griffithia Gardneri, Thw. Enum. 158. C. P. 657.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 112. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 38 (Grzfithza).

A rather small tree, with very many slender, drooping,
cylindrical branchlets, quite without spines, young parts
glabrous; 1. 34-4 in., narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute at
base, attenuate-caudate, acute at apex, often somewhat fal-
cate, glabrous, shining above, paler beneath, petiole very
short, stip. very short, apiculate; fl. 4-2 in. diam., on long
ped., cymes rather lax, spreading, from axils of past and
present l., bracts opp., connate, small; cal. pilose, limb short,
almost truncate, segm. tooth-like ; cor.-tube hairy at mouth,
lobes linear- aera acute ; fruit pyriform-globose or broadly
ovoid, nearly } in., seeds numerous.

Moist region up 5 3000 ft.; rather rare. Colombo; Karawita; Udu-
gama; Hantane; Deltota. Fl. April; white or pale yellow.

Endemic.
Closely related to 2. densiflora, Benth. of Burma and Malaya.

R. rugulosa, ///. f. in Fl. B. Ind. iii. 113 (1880).
t iffithia rugulosa, Thw. Enum. 159. C. P. 2
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 113. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 37 (Griffithia Spectosa).
A climbing shrub, with many long drooping branches
quite without spines; 1. 3-44 in., oval, acute at base, shortly
acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous, with tufts of hair in axils
of veins beneath, rather thick, veins impressed above, pro-

B22 Rubiacee. [ Gardenia.

minent beneath, petiole }-} in., stip. small, cuspidate; fl. over
4 in. diam., ped. pubescent, rather longer than cal., cymes
paniculate, spreading, either terminating short branchlets or
leaf-opposed (one |. of the opp. pair being suppressed), bracts
numerous, connate, cuspidate; cal. adpressed-pilose, segm.
tooth-like, distant; cor.-lobes oblong, acute; fruit 4 in,
globose.

Moist low country below tooo ft.; rather rare. Galle; Kottawa;
Ratnapura ; Ambagamuwa. Fl. March and April, white.
Also in S. India.

24. GARDENTA,* /.

Small trees, stip. large or small, usually connate and
sheathing; fl. very large, solitary; cal.-limb long, tubular,
segm. various or 0; cor.-tube long, lobes 6-9, much twisted in
bud; stam. as many as cor.-lobes, anth. nearly sessile ; ov.
1-celied with numerous ovules on 3 or 5 parietal placentas,
stigma large, clavate, lobed; fruit large, outer coat fleshy,
endocarp bony, splitting into 3 or 5 valves along the placentas ;
seeds very numerous, compressed, packed in pulp.—Sp. 60;
14 in FZ. B. Ind.

Placentas 3.

Fruit not ribbed . 2 : 4 ‘ . I. G. LATIFOLIA.
Fruit ribbed . : : A 5 : 3 . 2. G. CORONARIA.
Placentas 5. ; : : : < . . . 3. Ga DURE

1. G. latifolia, Az¢. Hort. Kew. i. 294 (1789) non Roxb. Galis, S.

Moon'Gat 195) fhwe Enum 421. C2 Eso

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 116, 120. Wight, Ic. t. 759 (not good).

A small, many-stemmed tree or large shrub, bark smooth,
pale-grey, flaking off in small rounded pieces, young parts
glabrous but coated with a resinous exudation; |. crowded
at ends of branches, 4—7 in., obovate-oval, slightly tapering to
base, rounded or very shortly acuminate and obtuse at apex,
slightly scabrous on both sides, especially on the veins (often
pubescent) beneath, stiff, thin, bright apple-green, paler
beneath, lat. veins 16-20 each side, parallel, very prominent
beneath, petiole very short, stip. adnate to base of petiole,
connate forming a tube which is thin, truncate, at first en-
closing young bud, but after fall of leaf separating at base,
and forming a loose ring round the stem; fl. very large, soli-
tary, apparently terminal (really leaf-opposed), on short stout

* Commemorates Alexander Garden, M.D., F.R.S., who practised as
a physician in Carolina, and corresponded with Linnzus. Died 1791.

Gardenia.) Rubiacee. 212)

peduncle; cal.-limb 2in., broadly tubular, slightly dilated at
top, either truncate (without segm.) or segm. 7-0, acute, con-
duplicate, recurved, usually with 7-9 prominent ridges or
wings, margin ciliate; cor.-tube 2-3 in., straight, lobes 7-9,
13-2 in., horizontal, obovate-oblong, obtuse; anth. half exserted;
stigma very large, exserted, 3-lobed; fruit nearly globose,
about 14 in. diam., quite without ribs, crowned with the large
erect, persistent, rigid, enlarged, winged cal.-limb which is
#in. long, slightly pubescent, pale green, epicarp dry-fleshy,
valves of endocarp 3, bony, yellow, polished within; seeds
small, very numerous, horizontal, flattened, pale brown, pulp
purplish-grey filling the fruit.

Moist low country in damp places; rare. Colombo (Ferguson);
Kalutara; Pelawatte; Pasdun Korale, in several places. FI. March;
pale lemon-yellow, becoming orange when fading.

Also in W. and S. India.

This can scarcely be G. latifolia of Roxburgh as figured in Cor. PI. t.
134, which shows a more ovoid fruit without a persistent cal.-limb. The
Fl. B. Ind. seems to be doubtful as to its proper name.

The buds and flowers exude a copious yellow resin, which when dry
becomes powdery, and covers the branches, leaves, and fruit with a sort
of =cut Wood hard, close-grained, rather heavy, yellowish, easily
Worked.

2. G. coronaria, Ham. in Symes, Emb. to Ava, iii. 307 (1800) ?

G. carinata, Thw. Enum. 159 (? Wall.). Trim. in Journ. Bot. 163.
CPi 3018.

Meeeesne. 3. 317,120. Ham. |: c. t.22:

Much like G. latifolia, from which it differs thus: 1.
smaller, 3-4 in. (rarely longer), slightly pubescent above, and
usually densely so beneath (sometimes nearly glabrous) ;
cal.-limb about 4in., angled, pubescent; cor.-tube 3-4 in,
Narrow, pubescent, lobes 7, I-14 in.; fruit 14 in., ovoid,
tapering to base, crowned with cal.-limb, and with its angles
(usually 6) continued down the fruit as long, blunt, vertical
ribs, pubescent, valves of endocarp as in the last, seeds
numerous, pulp yellow, filling the fruit.

Exposed rocks in the dry region; rare. Batticaloa; about Bibile
and Nilgala; Trincomalie (Nevill). Fl. June; pale yellow.

Also in Burma.

This plant is very closely allied to G. /atifolia, and may be merely a
dry-country variety, the longer narrower cor.- tube and shorter lobes, with
the distinctly ribbed fruit, being the chief differences. It does not quite
agree either with G. carinata or G. coronaria, but I hesitate to make
another species where there seem already too many.

3. G. turgida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 15 (1814).
Trim. in Journ. Bot. xxvii. 163.
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 118. Wight, Ic. t. 579.

334 Rubracee. [ Scyphostachys.

A small tree, with thick branches and numerous stout,
short, lat. twigs, bark smooth, reddish-grey ; |. very crowded
at ends of branchlets, sessile, 3-4 in., obovate-oval, much
tapering to base, subacute, glabrous on both sides, rather
coriaceous, stip. small, triangular, slightly connate, cuspidate,
caducous; fl. not seen; fruit large, 1}-1#in., nearly globose,
often bluntly pointed but not beaked, glabrous, rough, with
small worts, pale greyish-brown, epicarp thick, fleshy, valves
of endocarp 5, bony; seeds very numerous.

Dry country; very rare. Only met with as yet on rocky ground at
Nilgala, Uva; in fruit Jan. 1888. Fl. white.

Also in India and Burma.

Not having seen the flowers, some doubt as to the name of this may
be felt.

25. NARGEDIA,* Bedd.

A large shrub, stip. acute, deciduous, fl. few, axillary; cal.-
limb very short, segm. 4 (rarely 5), very short; cor.-tube
short, with lines of hair within, lobes 4 (rarely 5) shorter than
tube, twisted in bud; stam. inserted in cor.-tube, anth. nearly
sessile, linear; ov. 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell, stigma
clavate, bilobed; fruit a dry berry, 1-celled; seeds usually 2,
endosperm deeply ruminate.—Monotypic and endemic.

Iv. macrocarpa, Ledd. For. Man. cxxxiv. 2 (1873 ?).

Lflyptianthera macrocarpa, Thw. Enum. 157. C. P. 2709.

DB lind si 1224 5 Beddy El Sylvats 320!

A shrub, 8-10 ft., bark smooth, polished, yellow, young
parts glabrous; 1. large, 54-64 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute at
base, acuminate, acute, quite glabrous, petiole 4 in., stip.
narrowly triangular; fl. rather small, 1-3 in the axils, ped.
shorter than petiole, smooth; cal.-limb glabrous, short, segm.
very shallow, cor.-tube broad, lobes short, rounded, hairy in
the middle; fruit # in., broadly ovoid, slightly tapering at
bothvends-)seedsp 2) oi 3°

Moist low country; very rare. Raitunwelle; Ambagamuwa; Singhe
Raja Forest. Fl. Feb.; cream-coloured.

Endemic.

I have not seen this living.

26. SCVPHOSTACHYS, Jiw.

Shrubs, stip. connate, fl. small, in axillary or supra-
axillary bracteate spikes or clusters; cal.-limb short, segm. 4;

* An anagram of Gardenia.

Scyphostachys.| Rubiacee. 33
cor.-tube short, hairy within, lobes 4, small, twisted in bud;
stam. 4, anth. nearly sessile, included; ov. 2-celled, with 4
pendulous ovules in each cell, stigmas 2, pilose; fruit a berry,
1-celled, with I or 2 seeds.—Endemic Genus, the following
the only species.

Stip. hairy within; berries purple F : . I. S. PEDUNCULATUS.
Stip. glabrous within ; berries scarlet . i . 2. S. COFFZOIDES.

1. S. pedunculatus, 7hw. Enum. 157 (1859).

Es ee

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 122.

A shrub, branches slender, cylindrical, slightly rough; 1.
34-54 in., lanceolate-oblong, abruptly narrowed at base,
shortly acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous above, pubescent
on midrib beneath, petiole } in., stip. rather large, connate,
ovate, acute, lined with long silky hair, striate outside; fl.
rather small, sessile, few, in small supra-axillary, stalked
spikes, peduncle $—? in., pubescent, deflexed, bracts rather
large in several opposite pairs, connate, sheathing and over-
lapping, pubescent, forming a short imbricated catkin; cor.-
lobes short, rotundate, berry tipped with cal.-segm., nearly
2 in., ovoid, very soft, dark purple; seed usually solitary,
narrowly oblong.

Moist low country; very rare. Only found at Hewesse, Pasdun
Korale. Fl]. April; white.

Endemic.

2. S. coffeeoides, 7Thw. Enum. 157 (1859). Wal-kopi, S.
er. 27 10:

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 122. Bedd. FL. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. 16, f. 6; Ic. Pl. Ind.
Or. t. 240.

A shrub with spreading virgate branches, bark smooth,
shining, yellow; 1. 34-5 in., lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate,
acute at apex, quite glabrous, somewhat undulate at margin,
subcoriaceous, petiole very short, stip. connate, acute, puberu-
lous; fl. small, sessile in small dense axillary clusters or
solitary, each surrounded at base by an involucre of 2 connate
puberulous bracts; cal.-limb very short, hairy within, lobes
rotundate, recurved; berry about 2 in., oblong-ovoid, sup-
ported by persistent bracts, truncate at top, scarlet; seeds 2,
oblong-ovoid.

Moist low country; rare. About Ratnapura; Badamua, S. Prov. Fl
March, April; white.

Endemic.

The native name, ‘Wild Coffee,’ is very appropriate as far as the
foliage goes.

226 Rubiacee. [Diplospora.

27, DIPLOSPORA, DC.

Trees, stip. triangular, persistent; fl. small, polygamo-
dicecious, in sessile axillary clusters; cal.-limb very short,
segm. 4; cor.-tube short, lobes 4 (rarely 5) twisted in bud;
stam. 4 (rarely 5) inserted at mouth of cor., anth. exserted ;
ov. 2-celled, with 1-5 ovules in each cell; fruit a 2-celled
berry, with few rather large seeds.—Sp. 10; all in FZ. B. Ind.

I. D. Dalzellii,* Hk. f, Fl. B. Ind. iii. 123 (1880). Wella, 7.
FPLATE L.]

Discospermum Dalzelliz, Thw. Enum. 158. D. spherocarpa, Bedd.
Hom Manter3497) (CPs sor

HIS Bs Ind ni-123:

A small pyramidal tree with numerous ascending branches,
bark very smooth, white or yellowish, twigs compressed,
thickened at nodes; 1. 3-4 in., lanceolate or oval, acute at
base, acuminate, obtuse at apex, glabrous, shining above,
paler beneath, subcoriaceous, stiff, petiole + in., furrowed
above, stip. small, broadly triangular with a long terminal
bristle, sub-persistent; fl. small, nearly sessile, in dense
cymose clusters; cal. glabrous, segm. triangular, subacute ;
cor.-tube short and broad in fem. fl. longer and narrower in
male fl., lobes nearly as long as tube, oval-oblong, recurved ;
berry 3-3 in. or rather more, nearly globose, smooth, dark
green, crowned with cal.-segm., with several seeds in each cell.

Low country, principally in the dry region; rather common. FI.
April; greenish-white.

Endemic, but very close to D. spherocarpa of S. India.

When young, this is very like JZemecylon in habit and foliage. Wood
hard, heavy, fine-grained, white, smooth.

2. D. erythrospora, edd. For. Man. cxxxiv. 3 (1873 ?).
Discospermum erythrosporum, Thw. Enum. 158. C. P. 2510, 3481.
FI. B. Ind. ii. 124.

A much-branched tree, branchlets stout, much thickened
at nodes, twigs compressed, glabrous; |. 24—4 in., oval, acute
at base, usually rounded sometimes bluntly acuminate at
apex, margin usually recurved, glabrous, coriaceous, with
glandular pits in axils of veins beneath, petiole very short,
stip. triangular, thick, sharply acuminate, the basal portion
persistent; fl. as in 1,male rather the larger; cal.-limb. almost
truncate, the segm. minute, tooth-like ; cor.-lobes oblong,
obtuse, much longer than tube; berry less than } in., ovoid or

* After N. A. Dalzell, Conservator of Forests, Bombay, and author
(with A. Gibson) of ‘The Bombay Flora’ (1861). Died 1878.

Guettarda.] Rubiacee. 227i

subglobose ; seeds I-5 in each cell, oblong, bright red, im-
mersed in purple pulp.

Lower montane zone; very rare. Ambagamuwa Dist. at about 3000
ft. (Thwaites); Haputale at about 5000 ft. Fl. Feb., Sept.; pale greenish-
yellow.

Endemic.

28. SCYPHIPHORA, Gaertn.

A small tree, stip. short and broad, fl. small, in short
axillary cymes; cal.-limb cup-shaped, persistent, segm. very
small, tooth-like ; cor.-tube short, lobes 4 (or 5), imbricate ;
stam. 4 (or 5), inserted at mouth of cor.; anth. sagittate at
base; ov. long, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, one erect,
the other pendulous; fruit a drupe, with 2 connate pyrenes,
each with 2 seeds.—Monotypic.

S. hydrophylacea, Gaevin. f. Fruct. iii. 91 (1805).

Epithinia malayana, Jack, Thw. Enum. 157. C. P. 1665.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 125. Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 478 (repeated at t. 644 A).

Small tree or shrub, branchlets stout, somewhat thickened
at nodes, sub-quadrangular, glabrous, young parts exuding a
resinous secretion; |]. 2-24 in., obovate-oval, tapering to base,
rounded at apex, glabrous, rather fleshy, obscurely veined,
petiole $in., readily disarticulating, stip. short, rounded; fl.
small, on very short ped., cymes small, on short peduncles,
cal.-limb glabrous, almost truncate; cor.-tube hairy within,
lobes shorter than tube, ovate, acute; anth. exserted; drupe
small, about 4in., crowned with persistent cal.-limb, obovate-
ovoid, slightly compressed, with 8 (or 10?) thick, blunt, ver-
tical ridges, glabrous, pyrenes crustaceous.

Mangrove swamps; rare. Only seen from Jaffna (Gardner). FI.
white.

Occurs also on the Carnatic coast, Malaya, Andamans, N. Australia,
and New Caledonia.
Remarkably like Lusnnitzera, with which it grows.

29. GUETTARDA, Z.

Small tree, stip. ovate, caducous; fl. large, unisexual or poly-
gamous, in long-stalked axillary cymes; cal.-limb tubular-cup-
shaped, truncate, deciducus; cor. densely pubescent, tube long,
lobes 5-9, imbricate; stam. same number as pet., inserted in
cor.-tube, fil. 0; ov. 5-g-celled with a single pendulous ovule
in each cell, stigma capitate; fruit a drupe, stone woody, with
5-9 sharp angles, and as many cells.—Sp. 45, all, but this one,
American only.

PART Il. Z

33 8 Rubiacee. [ Zmoncus.

G. speciosa, L. SZ. P/. 991 (1753). Nil-pitcha, S. Panir, 7.

Moon Cat. 14. Thw. Enum. 153. C. P. 2990.

iP), 1B, Ibavel, i, TAG, Warelnre, WE AO, Biol INGE Th, U3IOKs

A small tree, with stout pubescent branchlets, marked with
l.-scars; 1. rather crowded at ends of branchlets, large, 5-8 in.,
obovate-rotundate, somewhat cordate at base, usually rounded
at apex, pubescent on both sides especially beneath, pink
when young; petiole 1-14 in., pubescent, stip. ovate, acute ;
fl. nearly sessile, few, crowded on the short arms of a bifid
cyme, peduncle long, pubescent; cal. silky-pubescent; cor.
glabrous within, lobes shorter than tube, obtuse, spreading ;
anth. sessile, small, included; drupe hard, depressed-globose,
under I in., somewhat lobed, slightly pubescent.

On the coast; rare. Galle; Kalutara; and often cultivated in gardens
near the sea. Fl. Nov.—Jan.; white.

Tropical shores of both worlds.
The large jasmine-like flowers are extremely sweet-scented.

30. TIMONTUS, DC.

Small tree or shrub, stip. triangular, caducous; fl. rather
small, polygamo-dicecious, axillary, fem. often solitary, male
in bifid cymes; cal.-limb small, segm. 4; cor. tubular, rather
longer in male, lobes 4, valvate; stam. 4 inserted in cor.-tube,
fil.o; ov. usually 12-celled with 1 pendulous ovule in each
cell, style with 4 or more branches; fruit a drupe with 10-12
gompressed pyrenes.—Sp. 20; 3 in FZ. B. Ind.

T. Jambosella, Zw. Enum. 153 (1859). Peddimella,
Angana, S.

Nelitris Jambosella, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 134. Eupyrena glabra, W. &
Ae COG W423 -m Como

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 127. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. or t. 190.

A small tree-like shrub, 8-10 ft., branchlets slender, cylin-
drical, glabrous, marked with leaf-scars; |. 2-5 in., rather
closely placed, oval or lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous
but often pubescent on veins beneath, and with tufts of hair
in their axils, venation pellucid, margin sometimes recurved,
petiole {-?in., stip. triangular, acuminate; fl. sessile, with 2
very small bractlets beneath, male on short spreading branches
of cyme, fem. solitary or three together, peduncle about I in.,
cal. silky; cor. pubescent outside, smooth within, fleshy, lobes
shorter than tube, recurved; anth. sessile, linear, included ;
drupe 4-4 in., nearly globose, lobed or ribbed over pyrenes,
smooth, dark green, tipped with cal.-segm.

Dichilanthe.| Rubiacee. 330

Moist region, rarely in the low country, principally in the lower mon-
tane zone, but extending up to 6000 ft.; common. FI. March, April,
September; yellow.

Also in the Andamans, Malaya, and Mauritius, but not in Peninsular
India.

The genus Zimonzus dates only from 1830, and should rightly be
superseded by Ve/¢¢rzs (1788) ; for Gaertner’s figure of the fruit (t. 27, f. 5)
shows that this was the plant intended. He has in the text, however,
confused it with some Awgenza, the specimens having been named ‘ Wal-
jambu.’ The name thus became applied by Decandolle to a genus of
Myrtacez (properly Decasfermumt, Forst.).

31. DICHILANTHE, 7hw.

A tree, stip. connate into a ring, persistent; fl. large, in
terminal heads; cal.-limb tubular, curved, with 5 hairy scales
at the mouth, segm. 5, longer than tube, slightly unequal; cor.
irregular, curved, tubular below, funnel-shaped above, 2-lipped,
upper lip 2-toothed, lower lip 3-toothed; stam. 5, inserted near
mouth of cor., disk large, annular, fleshy; ov. 2-celled with
I pendulous ovule in each cell, style very long, stigma clavate,
bilobed ; “fruit obovoid, gibbous, 2-celled, pericarp thick.”—
There is a second species in Borneo.

This genus with its irregular cor. might well stand in Cafrzfoliacee,
where Thw. and Beddome, and at one time J. D. Hooker, placed it.

D. zeylanica, 7iw.in Kew Journ. Bot. viii. 270 (1856).

Thw. Enum. 136. C. P. 3422.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 128. Kew Journ. Bot. viii. t. 8,f. a. Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. t. 15, f. 4.

A tree, usually small, branchlets stout, swollen at nodes,
bark smooth, grey; |. 4-6 in., lanceolate, acute at base, shortly
acuminate at apex, quite glabrous, coriaceous (with fine raised
reticulation when dry), petiole very short, stout, stip. short,
truncate; fl. sessile, about 6-8 together in a very shortly
stalked terminal head and the cal.-tubes glued together with
resinous exudation; cal.-segm. linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
spreading; cor. 1}-I} in., strongly curved downwards, silky
outside, lips short; fil. short, anth. small, oblong; style much
exserted; fruit not seen.

Moist low country; very rare. On the summits of Hiniduma Kande
and Nillowe Kande; Bambarabotuwa, Sabaragamuwa. FI. March-
June; scarlet.

Endemic. ;

A very remarkable and anomalous plant; the persistent ring-like stip.
become coated with resin, and form nodosities on the branches.

340 Rubtacee. [Knoxia.

32. RNOXIA,* Linz.

Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs, stip. with rigid
bristle-like teeth ; fl. sessile or nearly so, small, dimorphic,
numerous, in terminal cymes or spikes; cal.-segm. 4, one often
greatly enlarged; cor.-tube hairy at mouth, lobes 4, short,
valvate; stam. 4; ov. 2-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each
cell, stigmas 2; fruit very small, dry, of 2 indehiscent carp.
separating from a central persistent columella and usually also
from one another.—Sp. 8; all in AZ. B. Ind.

Cal.-segm. nearly equal.
L. sessile, linear-lanceolate . 5 : 5 . I. K. CORYMBOSA.
E. stalked, oval . : : : . 2. K. MOEUIS:

One cal.-segm. greatly enlarged.

Fl. in long spikes ; fruit not compressed
Fl. in capitate cymes; fruit compressed

The fruit is remarkably like that of an Umbellifer.

I. K. corymbosa, Willd. Sp. Pi. i. 582 (1797).

Moon Cat. 10. KX. stricta, Thw. Enum. 152 (? Gaertn.). C. P. 3620.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 128. Wight, Ill. t. 128.

An erect annual, 2-4 ft. high, almost unbranched, stem
rather stout, with elongated internodes, densely and softly
hairy; 1. few, distant, 3-44 in., sessile or very nearly, linear-
lanceolate or linear, much attenuate at both ends, acute,
usually hairy on both sides, lat. veins very oblique, stip. with
3-5 filiform hairy bristles; fl. very small, numerous, on sides ©
of slender branches of large lax corymbose cymes; cal.-segm.
minute, triangular, none enlarged; cor.-lobes obtuse; fruit
zs in., oblong-ovoid, scarcely compressed, splitting from the
base into two carp., carp. plano-convex, glabrous, not ribbed
on back.

Low country and up to 4000 ft.; rather common. Bintenne; Ugal-
duva Valley; Ramboda. Moon’s locality is Walapane. FI. Feb.; violet.

Also in India, Malay Islands, and Trop. Australia.

The mericarps readily separate from the columella when ripe with the
slightest pressure.

2. K. mollis, W. & A. Prod. 439 (1834).

K. corymbosa, Thw. Enum. 151 (non Willd.). C. P. 3619.

F]. B. Ind. iii. 129.

Annual, 2-4 ft., branched, stem erect, pilose or nearly
glabrous; |. 24-44 in., oval or ovate-oval, tapering at both
ends, acute, slightly hairy on both sides, petiole 4-1 in., stip.

K. ZEYLANICA.
K. PLATYCARPA.

Bo

* Commemorates Robert Knox, who was in captivity among the ~
Kandians from 1659-79, and wrote an ‘ Historical Relation of Ceylon,’
published in 1681, giving an account of his experiences and escape.

Knoxia.] Rubiacee. 341

as in the last; fl. in lax corymbose cymes; cal.-segm.
triangular, acute, nearly equal or one sometimes slightly
larger; cor.-tube tubular-funnel-shaped ; fruit about + in.,
broadly ovoid, compressed, readily separable from the colu-
mella but without splitting into separate carp., smooth,
black.

Montane zone to 6000 ft.; rare. Uva (Thwaites); Maskeliya; Hak-
gala. Fl. May, June, Sept.; white.

Also in mountains of S. India.

Fl. B. Ind. refers to this with doubt X. stricta, Gaertn. (Fruct. i. 122,
t. 25,f. 8). Gaertner’s specimens were collected in Ceylon by Keenig,
but could scarcely be this montane species.

Ceylon specimens are often nearly glabrous.

3. K. zeylanica, Z. Sf. Pl. 105 (1753).

Herm. Mus. 11. Burm. Thes. 144. FI. Zeyl. n. 400. Moon Cat. Io.
Thw. Enum. 152. W.andA. Prod. 440. C. P. 1690.

FL. B. Ind. iii. 130. Burm. FI. Ind. t. 13, f. 2.

A small undershrub, 1-2 ft., with a large, stout tap-root
and ascending usually much-branched stems, branches erect,
cylindrical, stiff, nearly glabrous, shining, purple; 1. numerous,
1-2 in., broadly or narrowly ovate-oblong, nearly sessile, acute
at both ends, glabrous, finely ciliate on margin, stip. adnate
to base of leaf, short, with 3 or 5 filiform teeth bristly at end;
fl. in terminal spikes which become greatly elongated with
fruit; cal.-segm. acute, the outermost one enlarged into a
stiff horn twice as long as ov., persistent ; cor.-tube 2 in., very
slender, very woolly at mouth, lobes 4 as long as tube,
broadly oval ; fruit about ;4; in., ovoid- globular, crowned with
cal.-segm. (the large one as ‘long as fr.), glabrous, pale brown,
carp. readily separating, plano-convex, not compressed,
rounded and keeled down the back.

Open ground in the moist low country; very common. FI. Feb.;
white or pinkish.

Endemic.

Hermann gives ‘ Wissaduli’ as the native name for this, but no doubt
incorrectly (see footnote, Part I. p. 146, under W7ssadula zeylanica).
Moon has ‘ Ela-ratmul,’ but I do not find this generally used.

4. K. platycarpa, Arn. Pug. 26 (1836). [PLATE LI.]

Thw. Enum. 152. C. P. 1689.

FL. B. Ind. iii. 131.

A dichotomously branched, small shrub, 1-3 ft., branches
erect, cylindrical, glabrous, twigs with two lines of pubescence;
1. sessile, erect, 1-24 in., narrowly oblong-lanceolate or linear,
subacute, glabrous, sometimes ciliate on margin, rather thick,
stip. of 3 or 5, rigid, often hairy bristles, the middle one the

342 Rubiacee. [ Canthium.

longest ; fl. crowded in small heads terminating the branches
of trifid terminal cymes, no bracts; cal. glabrous, segm. very
small, linear-lanceolate, acute, one much enlarged, apiculate ;
cor. glabrous outside, tube 3 in., slender, lobes half as long,
oblong-lanceolate, subacute, thick; fruit 3-§ in., broadly
ovoid, crowned with cal.-segm., slabrous, carp. readily sepa-
rating, compressed, plano-convex, with a dorsal rib, dark
brown.

Var. B, hirsuta, 7hw./l.c. K. hirsuta, Arn. Pug. 26. C. P. 1688.

Whole plant (except upper surface of 1.), including cor.
outside, more or less hairy; fl. rather larger.

Var. y, foliosa, 7iw. Enum. l.c. C.P. 51.

Hairy ; 1. broader, oval, stip. with longer bristles; bracts:
foliaceous ; cal.-segm. much longer ; cor. hairy outside.

Var. 6, spicata, Thw. in Trim. Syst. Cat. 44. C. P. 3996.

L. quite glabrous; cymes lengthening out into spikes ;
fruit distant on the spikes, larger, more elongated, hairy.

Montane zone in the patanas; very common. Var. y asylvan variety.
Var. Orare. On False Pedro Mountain. FI. all the year; pale violet-
pink or nearly white.

Endemic.

An extremely variable plant. The type, and, still more, var. 4,
approach K. zeylanica. The dimorphism of the flowers (long-styled and
short-styled) is striking—in one the style, and the other the stam., being
exserted.

33. CANTHIUM,* Lam.

Trees or shrubs, with or without woody spines, stip.
broadly triangular, acute, fl. small, in axillary cymes or
fascicles ; cal.-limb very short, segm. 4 or 5, usually tooth-
like, acute ; cor.-tube campanulate or globose, with a ring of
deflexed hair within, lobes 4 or 5, valvate, reflexed; stam.
inserted at mouth of cor.; ov. 2-celled with 1 pendulous
ovule in each cell, stigma large, capitate, fruit a drupe, more
or less didymous, with 2 hard pyrenes.—Sp. 70; 17 in #72. B.
Ind.

Branches without spines (also sometimes in 7).
L. lanceolate, over 3 in. . : . . I. C. DIDYMUM,
IL rotundate, under 3 in. : ; ; . 2. C. MONTANUM.

ss * From ‘ Canti,’ the Malabar name for C. Rheediz, as given in Hort.
alab.

Canthium. Rubiacee. 343

Branches with spines.
Fl. usually 5-merous.
Cor.-tube not globose.
L. under I in., acute at base. : . 3. C. PUBERULUM.
L. over I in., rounded at base.
Fruit under 3 in.
Beant Tin.’ . :
Cor.-tube nearly globose
Fl]. always 4-merous, very small

1. ©. didymum, Gaertn. f. Fruct.iii.94 (1805). Pana-karawu
Gal-karanda, Pandaru, S$. Vatchikuran, Yerkoli, 7.
Psydrax dicoccos, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 125. Thw. Enum. 152. C. P.

3419, 2607, 1667, 3511. :
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 132. Wight, Ic. t. 1034 (C. wmbellatum). Bedd. FI.

Sylv. t. 221. Gaertn. Fruct. i. t. 26, f. 2, and iii. t. 196, f. 5 (fruit only).

A moderate-sized tree, bark smooth or vertically furrowed,
whitish, branchlets numerous, drooping, thickened at nodes,
glabrous, somewhat compressed, without spines; |. 34-44 in.,
lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, obtuse, very glabrous,
bright green above, paler beneath, subcoriaceous, rather
undulate, lat. veins few, very oblique, pellucid, petiole 1-2 in.,
stip. triangular, acute, usually caducous; fl. small, on rather
long ped., numerous, cymes lax, pedunculate, corymbose,
bracts minute or none; cal. truncate or with 5 teeth, glabrous
or pubescent; cor. campanulate, lobes 5, shorter than tube,
lanceolate, acute; drupe }-4in., nearly globose, somewhat
didymous when dry, purple, pyrenes kidney-shaped, very
much warted, black.

Var. 6, lanceolatum, 7hw. Enum.l.c. Webera lanceolata, Moon
Cat. 19. C. lanceolatum, Arn. Pug. 24. C. P. 2513.

L. narrowly oblong, stip. acuminate ; fruit smaller.

Low country and up to 4ooo ft.; common. Var. 6, Kalutara (Moon) ;
Kandy; Hunasgiriya. FI]. April; white.

Also in India, Malaya, and S. China.

A variable plant. C. P. 3419 is var. grandifolium, Thw. (from Cara-
wita Kande), and C. P. 2607 (from Ratnapura) is var. vostratum, Thw.;
but neither seem worth separate names. Gaertner’s Psydrax is described
and figured from Ceylon specimens (in the Leyden Museum) collected by
Hermann, but the plant does not seem to be noticed by other authors on
Hermann’s collections. Another genus of Gaertner’s, Caranda pedun-
culata, is based on this species. This is described in Fruct. ii. 17, and
figured at t. 83. The supposed fruit is a large, hard, beaked leaf-gall,
very frequently found, sometimes clustered, on the young branches of
this tree. They are called ‘fruits’ even in FI. B. Ind.

The wood is very hard, fine-grained, greyish, heavy, and has been
called ‘ Ceylon Box-wood.’ The native names of this tree are not well
ascertained. Moon gives ‘ Gal-séru’ for var. danceolatum.

. C. RHEEDII.

. C. MACROCARPUM.
C. CAMPANULATUM.
. C. PARVIFLORUM.

NOU

2. ©.montanum, 7/w. Enum. 152 (1859).
C. P. 2610, 2653.
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 132.

344 Rubwacee. [Canthium.

A large or moderate-sized tree, bark thin, blackish, flaking
off in small pieces, branchlets numerous, stout, thickened at
nodes, without spines, twigs quadrangular-compressed, gla-
brous; 1. 14-24 in., rotundate, rounded at both ends, more or
less revolute at margin, very stiff and coriaceous, quite gla-
brous, veins few, reticulate, prominent beneath, petiole
extremely short and stout, stip. short, broad, with a stout
mucronate apex ; fl. on long ped., cymes umbellate on stout
peduncles ; cal.-segm. short, broad, apiculate, cor.-lobes 5, as
long as tube, acute, reflexed; stam. exserted; drupe 2 in.,
ovoid, very slightly didymous.

Var. 8, minus, 7hw./.c. C. P. 1685.

L. smaller, somewhat oval; fl. a little larger, ped. strongly
reflexed after flowering.

Forests of the montane zone from 4000-7000 ft.; rather common.
Fl. Dec. to April; green.

Endemic. :

The wood is very hard, heavy, and fine-grained, and, like others in
the hills, is called, incorrectly, ‘Wal-burutu’ by the up-country sawyers.
It has been used for railway sleepers.

3. ©. puberulum, 7/w. zz Fl. B. Ind. iii. 134 (1880).

Gy 3995:

A shrub, with virgate branches armed with sharp, supra-
axillary spreading spines, pubescent when young, and with
numerous short, suppressed branchlets; 1. small, 4-1 in.,
fasciculate on the suppressed branchlets, oval or oblong-oval,
acute at both ends, slightly pubescent above, more so beneath,
petiole short, slender, stip. small, hairy, with a filiform apex ;
fl. very small, on rather long pubescent ped. with 2 bractlets
near the base, I-3 on very short peduncles; cal. hairy, segm.
long, linear-lanceolate, very acute, recurved ; cor.-tube shorter
than cal., pubescent, lobes acute, recurved ; fruit not seen.

‘Central Province’ (Fl. B. Ind.). There is no locality attached to the

specimens in the Peradeniya Herbarium, which were collected in 1869.
I have seen no others.

4. ©. Rheedii, DC. Prod. iv. 474 (1830).

Thw. Enum. 153. W.and A. Prod. 426. C. P. 1666.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 134. Rheede, Hort. Malab. v. t. 37.

Asmall,much-branched bush, branchlets divaricate, roughly
pubescent, usually armed with straight or slightly curved, sharp,
supra-axillary spines 4-4 in. long; |. 1-2 in., ovate, cordate or
rounded at base, acuminate, obtuse or subacute at apex,
glabrous, or with a few bristly hairs beneath on veins; thin,
lat. veins rather prominent beneath, with glands in the axils;
fi. small, solitary or few in small sessile cymes; cal.-limb

Canthium.] Rubiacee. 345
spreading with 5 distant teeth, cor.-tube short and wide, the
rings of hair within stiff and bristly, lobes 5, ovate, acute;
anth. small, exserted; stigma bilobed; drupe broader than
long, about 2 in. wide, didymous, compressed, bilobed at top,
pyrenes strongly worted.

Var. 8, minus, 7hiw./.c. C. P. 3420.

L. smaller, $-1 in., spines very slender, straight; cor.-lobes
long, attenuate.

Moist low country up to 3000 ft.; rather common. Kalutara (Moon);
Galle; Hunasgiriya. Wight (I. c.) records specimens from Rottler’s
Herb. collected at Colombo April, 1806. Var. 8, Singhe Raja Forest.

Fl. Nov.-Feb.; pale greenish-yellow.
Also in S. India.

5. ©. macrocarpum, 7hw. Enum. 152 (1859).

Plectronia macrocarpa, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 57. C. P. 2816.

ieee. ii. 135. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 238:

A half-climbing shrub, branchlets long, cylindrical, rufous,
at first pubescent, afterwards glabrous, spines supra-axillary,
stout, compressed, either straight and $-#in., or shorter and
strongly hooked, very sharp; |. 2-24 in. oval or lanceolate,
rounded at base, very acuminate, acute, rough on both sides
with minute, scattered, rufous, prickly hairs, petiole 4 in,,
rufous-pubescent, stip. broad, hairy, with a long filiform point;
fl. rather small, on short ped., cymes small, pedunculate,
pubescent; cor.-tube campanulate, lobes 4 or 5, oblong, acute,
longer than tube; stam. and style exserted, stigma very large,
cubical; drupe 1 in. wide, broader than long, 2-lobed at top,
compressed, didymous but with one lobe often suppressed ;
pyrenes rugose.

Very rare, and only found on the Hantane Range at about 3000 ft.
Fl. Feb.; pale greenish-white.

Endemic. First collected by Champion.

6. ©. campanulatum, 7hw. Enum. 153 (1859).

ak. 2472.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 135.

A small semi-scandent shrub, with many very slender
branches, adpressed-hairy when young, spines ? in., supra-
axillary, numerous, slender, quite straight, very sharp; 1. often
fasciculate on suppressed branchlets, small, {-14 in., ovate or
oval, acute or rounded or rather cordate at base, obtuse but
apiculate at apex, glabrous, petiole very short, stip. sharply
pointed ; fl. usually solitary, or 2 or 3 together, ped. very
slender, glabrous, jointed near the base, buds much pointed;
cal.-limb saucer-shaped, segm. very acute; cor. thick, tube

346 Rubiacee. [Zvora.

inflated, nearly globose, lobes 5, rather longer than tube,
lanceolate, with long acuminate points, reflexed; fl. very
short; style rather exserted, stigma very large, truncate 3,
drupe 3 in. wide, didymous, compressed, tapering to base.

Low country to 3000 ft.; rare. Deltota; pe eS Madulsima.
(Marshall Ward). Fl. Aug.; cream-coloured.

Endemic.

This is the only plant besides species of Cofa upon which the

destructive parasitic fungus, Wemzleia vastatrix, was detected by Marshall
Ward in Ceylon.

7. ©. parvifiorum, Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. 602 (1783). Mara, S.
Karai, 7.

Moon Cat.10. Thw. Enum. 152. C. P. 1662.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 136. Rheede, Hort. Malab. v. t. 36. Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 51.

A much-branched shrub or small tree, branches usually
stout and rigid, with the supra-axillary spines numerous,
thick, woody, over 1 in. long, divaricate, often 3 in a whorl,
but sometimes the branches are less rigid and quite with-
out spines; I. often fascicled, variable, #?-24 in., rotundate or
oval or oblong-oval, obtuse, glabrous, whitish beneath with
conspicuous reticulate venation, petiole short, stip. short, with
a long point; fl. very small, on long slender ped., cymes.
many-flowered, sessile or pedunculate; cal.-segm. 4, acute ;
cor.-tube inflated, globose, lobes 4, as long as tube, ovate,
acute; drupe 3 in., ovoid, compressed, slightly didymous.

Low country, especially in dry region; common: and up to 4000 ft.,.
rarer. Fl. Nov.—March; yellowish.

Also in S. India.

The form in the moist region, especially at upper elevations, is much
less rigid and often without spines, and has larger leaves, looking quite a
different plant.

The leaves are used in curries in Northern Prov. Wood very hard
and close-grained.

34. TZRORA,* Linn.

Shrubs or small trees, stip. cuspidate, more or less per-
sistent, fl. numerous, in terminal corymbose or paniculate
cymes; cal.-limb undeveloped, segm. 4, small; cor. with very
long slender tube, lobes 4, twisted in bud; stam. 4, inserted
at mouth of cor., fil. very short, anth. small, linear; ov. 2-
celled, with a single ovule in each cell attached to septum,

* Taken by Linnzeus from Rheede, who states that Baldzeus in his.
account of Ceylon says that the flowers (of /. coccinea) are offered in.
sacrifices to ‘the god Ixora’ (= ? Isvara).

Ixora.]| Rubtacee. 347

style exserted, stigmas 2; fruit globose or sub-didymous, with
2 plano-convex pyrenes.—Sp. 100; 37 in FV. B. Ind.

Cal.-segm. as long as or longer than ov.

L. under 3 in., cal.-segm. twice as long as ov. el CARVCINAY
L. over 3 in., cal.- -segm. as long as ov. . : ee le MOEN ATTESIT
Cal.-segm. shorter than ov.
Cor. “tube under 3 Zin. : : : : . 3. I. PARVIFLORA.
Cor.-tube over I in.
L. over 4 in., acute at base. j : : > 4. 1 JUCUNDA,
L. under 4 in., rounded at base . 5 5 . 5. 1. COCCINEA.

1. I. calycina, 7iw. Enum. 155 (1859).
One a Vt-F
Fl. B. Ind. iii. 138. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 97.

A bush or small tree, much branched, branchlets nodulose
with closely placed and very prominent |.-scars, young parts
glabrous; |. 14-3 in., oval or oblong-oval, slightly cordate or
rounded or acute at base, acute, margin often recurved,
glabrous, rather glaucous beneath, rigid, petiole extremely
short, stip. short with an almost spinous point, persistent;
fi. nearly sessile, cymes rather small, trichotomous, glabrous,
bracts linear; cal.-segm. more than twice as long as ov., linear-
lanceolate, acute, glabrous; cor.-tube # in., ee slender, lobes
short, broad, ovate, acute, recurved; fruit } in. broadly ovoid,
crowned with long cal.-segm.., purple.

Montane zone 4000-7000 ft.; rather common. Fl. Feb., March, and
September ; pale pink.

Endemic.

2. I. Thwaitesii, Hz. f in Fi. B. Ind. iii. 138 (1880).

I. acuminata, Thw. Enum. 155 (non Roxb.). C. P. 748.

FL. B. Ind. iii. 138. Bot. Mag. t. 5197 (1. jucunda).

A small slender tree, bark thick, exfoliating in oval pieces,
branchlets compressed ; |. rather large, 44-7 in., lanceolate or
linear-oblong, rounded or acute or tapering at base, shortly
acuminate, acute, lat. veins rather prominent, petiole very
short, stip. with a long cuspidate point, persistent; fl. rather
large, nearly sessile, crowded, cymes large, very corymbose
and flat-topped; cal.-segm. about as long as ov., narrowly
lanceolate, acute; cor.-tube 1-1} in, lobes 4-4 in., spreading;
fruit 4 in., nearly globose, somewhat didymous, red.

Var. 3, velutina.

Twigs and |. on both sides densely and finely velvety.

Low country in both moist and dry regions; rather common. Var. B
at Uma-oya. Fl. Jan.-May; cream-coloured.

Endemic.

Wood very hard and closed-grained, pale brownish-yellow. The
flowers vary much in size. The figure in the Botanical Magazine is very
good for this species, but is unfortunately named /. jucunda.

348 , Rubiacee. [Zxora.

3. ZT. parviflora, Vahl, Symb. Bot. ii. 11 (1794). Maha-
ratambala, S. Karankutti, Painkuray, 7.

Moon Cat. 10. Thw. Enum.155. C. P. 2575.

HBS indy 143.) Wight, Ie"t) 711 Bedd) Ely Sylvs tazz2

A small, much-branched tree, bark thick, reddish-brown,
exfoliating in irregular pieces, branchlets somewhat com-
pressed, glabrous ; 1. 3-5 in., oval-oblong or somewhat obo-
vate, rounded at base, suddenly and shortly acuminate, acute,
glabrous, coriaceous, dark green and shining above, paler
beneath, venation pellucid, petiole very short, stout, stip.
short, cuspidate, subpersistent ; fl, very small and numerous,
on short ped., cymes trichotomous, stalked, laxly arranged in
lax cermiing! inflor.; cal.-segm: very shallow, tooth-like ; cor.-
tube 4—4 in., very slender, Welbes less than half as long as tube,
oblong, reflexed ; fruit small, 1 in., globose.

Wave, (6, iene Ik. f. in Fl. B. Ind. l. c. JI. jucunda, var. y,
bhwe Enumens 5.1 C.) by 2:

L. larger, 4-7 in., broader, more acuminate, acute at base,
thinner; branches of inflor. longer ; fl. rather larger ; fruit 3 in

Low country, especially in the dry region; common. Var. 6 in lower
montane zone, Adam’s Peak; Medamahanuwara; Hunasgiria. FI.
April-July; white, var. 8, pinkish, very Sweet- scented,

Also in India and Burma; var. 8, endemic.
Wood very hard and heavy, fine-grained, brownish-yellow.

4. I.jucunda, Zhw. Enum. 155 (1859) (excl. var. y). [PLATE mai

C. PR. 702, 3424.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 144.

A small tree, 10-12 ft., branchlets stout, thickened at the
nodes ; 1. large, 4-6 in., oval or lanceolate, acute at both ends,
glabrous, rather coriaceous, petiole 4-4 in., stip. acuminate;
fl. on rather long ped., numerous, cymes large, rather lax,
trichotomous ; cal.-segm. oval, obtuse, shorter than ov.; cor.-
tube 1} £ tae lobes oblong- oval, less than 4 length of ‘tube ;
fruit 2-4 in, nearly globose.

In fees ae region up to 4000 me rather common. FI. most of
the year; white or pink, sweet-scented.

Endemic.

A very beautiful shrub. C. P. 3424 is var. 8 of Thwaites, which differs
in having narrower, often linear-lanceolate, leaves, cor. with smaller,
shorter, strongly reflexed lobes and acute cal.-segm., but seems to be
connected with type by intermediates. The cal. and whole inflorescence
are often bright coral-red.

Bo ke coccinea, L. Sp. Pl. 10 (1753). Ratambala, S.
Vedchi, 7.

Herm. Mus. 15, 36. Burm. Thes. 125. FI. Zeyl.n. 54 and 55. Z alba,
L. Sp. Pl. 110. Moon Cat. 10. Thw. Enum. 154. C. P. 190.

FI. B. Ind. iii. 145. Burm. Thes. t. 57. Wight, Ic. t. 153. Bot. Mag.
t. 154 (1. grandiflora).

Pavetta.] Rubiacee. 349

A shrub with long branches, twigs compressed, thickened
at the nodes; |. small, 2-3 in., obovate or oval-oblong,
rounded or even subcordate at base, acute, often cuspidate
at apex, glabrous and shining, rather rigid, lat. veins some-
what conspicuous, pellucid, petiole extremely short, stout,
stip. with a long, rigid bristle, subpersistent ; fi. rather large,
shortly stalked, cymes lax, trichotomous; cal.-segm. either
short with toothed margin, or longer and acute, shorter than
ov.; cor.-tube I-14 in., very slender, lobes oblong-oval, acute
or obtuse, about 4 as long as tube, spreading; fruit 3 in.,
nearly globose, purple.

In the low country; very common everywhere up to 2000 ft. FI. all
the year; brilliant scarlet.

Also in India and Burma.

One of our commonest and most conspicuous shrubs. The flowers
vary much in size, and are occasionally found pure lemon-yellow, also
sometimes pale cream-coloured with a tinge of red. The latter form has
a found about Galle and Kalutara, and is probably /. ada, L., and FI.

eyi. n.

‘The ae and bark are used as a remedy for diarrhoea, and the
former also externally to ulcers, &c. Wood very hard and heavy, but of
no S1Zze.

35. PAVETTA,* Zinn.

Large shrubs, stip. often connate, deciduous or persistent,
fl, numerous, in terminal or axillary cymes; cal.-segm. 4,
short or long ; cor. with a usually long tube, lobes 4, twisted
in bud; style very long, at least twice as long as cor.-tube,
very much exserted, stigma entire; otherwise as in /rora.—
Sp. 60; 10 in FZ. B. Ind.

Cymes corymbose, stalked.
Cal.-segm. shorter than ov.
L. lanceolate or obovate.

L. glabrous ; cor.-tube 4 in. 1. P. INDICA.
L, pubescent beneath; cor.-tube over. 3in,. 2. P. HISPIDULA.
L. linear or ‘eel glabrous cor.-tube over
i ae 3. P. ANGUSTIFOLIA.
Cal.-segm. twice as long as ov. 4. P. GLENIEI.
Cymes capitulate, sessile 5. P. INVOLUCRATA.

The first 3 species are very closely allied.

P. indica, L, SP. Pl. 110(1753). Pawatta,S. Pavaddai, 7.
‘a Mus. 3. Burm. Thes. 209. Fl. Zeyl. n. 56. Moon Cat. Io.
Thw Enum. 155. C. P. 1663, 2611, 2546, 3616.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 150. Wight, Ic. t. 148.
A bush or small tree with numerous spreading branches,
bark smooth, yellowish-white, twigs cylindrical, glabrous; 1.

* The Sinhalese name scarcely altered.

350 Rubwacee. [Pavetta.

3-6 in.; lanceolate, tapering to base, acuminate, subacute,
glabrous on both sides, dark green and shining above, with
scattered large, thickened, hard warts, more prominent above
than beneath, petiole 4-4 in., stip. connate, triangular, acute,
thin, deciduous ; fl. very numerous, on ped. longer than cal.,
cymes copious, lax, corymbose, terminal, glabrous, often with
bracts below the branches ; cal.-segm. very small, tooth-like ;
cor.-tube about $ in., lobes oblong, obtuse, about half length
of tube; style exserted for fully ?in., very slender, stigma
slightly clavate; fruit }-3? diam., nearly globose, black,
polished.

Var. B, montana, 7iw. in Fl. B. Ind.\.c. C. P. 2512.

L. narrower, obtuse; fl. larger; cor.-tube 4} in. long.

Low country; common. Var. 8 extending in the hills to 4oooft., or
higher. Fl. Dec._May; white. Var. 8, greenish.

Also in India, Burma, Malaya, S. China, N. Australia.

This common shrub is very variable in the foliage; C. P. 3616 is a
pubescent form from Batticaloa, and C. P. 2611 a very narrow-leaved
form with a few larger flowers on very slender long ped.

2. P. hispidula, W. & A. Prod. 431 (1834).

Thw. Enum. 156. C. P. 742, 3924 (°?).

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 151 (excl. var. 4).

A large bush, branchlets somewhat compressed, usually
pubescent; |. large, 4-7 in., variable, usually obovate-oval,
acute at both ends, shortly acuminate, usually glabrous
above but more or less pubescent beneath, petiole short,
stip. rounded, often pubescent; fl. large, numerous on short
ped., cymes very large, corymbose, terminal, more or less
pubescent; cal. pubescent, segm. narrowly triangular, acute,
shorter than ov.; cor.-tube from #~1 in. or more long, slightly
widened upwards, lobes oblong, obtuse, apiculate, less than
half length of tube; style exserted for 14-2 in., gradually
tapering, stigma scarcely at all fusiform; fruit 2-4 in.,
broader than long, somewhat didymous, metallic grey-
purple, shining.

Moist region up to 4oooft.; rather rare. Kukul Korale; Hantane;
Pusselawe; Hunasgiria. Fl. June; greenish-white.

Also in S. India.

A variable species. C. P. 3924 was thought by Thwaites to be a
natural hybrid between this and P. zzdica. The FI. B. Ind. distinguishes
as var. zeylanica a larger-flowered form, equally common with the
smaller-flowered one.

3. BP. angustifolia, 7iw. Enum. 156 (1859).

Gees2677
Fl. B. Ind. iil. 151 (P. Azspzdula, var. 4). Bedd. Ic. FI. Ind. Or. t. 99.

A shrub, with smooth, white bark, branches cylindrical,
often nodular with thickened, closely placed nodes, twigs

Pavetta.| Rubiacee. 351

compressed, glabrous; |. rather crowded, 4—7 in., linear or
lanceolate-linear, much tapering to either end, subacute,
often somewhat undulate, glabrous, deep green and polished
above, paler beneath, with similar warts to P. zudica, stip.
connate into a tube, with a terminal bristle, usually splitting
down one side, subpersistent, fl. on short ped., cymes corym-
bose, rather lax, axillary or terminal; cal. glabrous, segm.
distant, linear-lanceolate, acute, rather shorter than ov.; cor.-
tube 2-i in., lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, more than half as
long as tube; anth. very long, linear; style rather stout,
tapering to very slightly fusiform stigma, exserted for 14-2
in.; fruit 4 in., capped with cal.-limb, sub-didymous, broader
than long, greenish-purple.

Moist low country by rivers, rather rare. About Ratnapura; by the
‘Gindura near Wattagalle. Fl. March, April; cream-coloured or pale
lemon-yellow.

Endemic.
Considered a variety of P. hésfzdula in FI. B. Ind.

- 4- = Gleniei, 7hw. iz Fl. B. Ind. iii. 152 (1880). Wetpavad-
dai, 7.
P. tomentosa, Thw. Enum. 156 (non Sm.). C. P. 2815.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 152.

A large shrub, bark pale cinnamon-brown, smooth, twigs
compressed, pubescent; |. 2-4 in., oblong-oval or oblong-
lanceolate, acute at base and apex, pubescent on both sides,
densely so beneath, with scattered warts, venation pellucid,
petiole about $ in., stip. slightly connate, triangular, acute; f1.
small, in lax, trichotomous, hairy, axillary cymes shorter than
l.; cal.-segm. linear, fully twice as long as ov., hairy, persistent ;
cor.-tube about } in., lobes narrowly oblong, obtuse, more than
half as long as tube; style exserted for about }in., stigma
slightly clavate, pubescent; fruit small, }in., nearly globose,
crowned with long erect cal.-segm., hairy.

Dry region; common. Puttalam; Trincomalie; Batticaloa; N. Prov.;
Anuradhapura; Dambulla; Doluwa Kande, near Kurunegala. FI]. Nov.-
March; white.

Endemic.

This common dry-country plant is very constant. I have not found
the glabrous form recorded in FI. B. Ind.

5. P.involucrata, 7hw. num. 156 (1859).

C. P. 428.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 152. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 100, and FI. Sylv. Anal.
t. 29.

A shrub, 10-12 ft. high, branchlets thickened at nodes with
prominent L-scars, twigs much compressed, glabrous; |. 3-44

352 Rubiacee. [ Coffea.

in., often crowded, obovate-oval, tapering to base, subacute,
shortly acuminate, glabrous on both sides, with scattered
warts, petiole 4 in. stip. large, connate, acuminate, tube
splitting down one side, deciduous; fl. sessile, crowded in
dense, sessile heads at ends of short axillary branches, usually
bearing a single pair of 1. immediately beneath the head, bracts
very large, ovate, membranous, forming an involucre; cal.-
segm. linear, acute, about as long as ov.; cor.-tube short, 2 in.,.
broad, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, erect; style thick, tapering,
exserted for $—3in.; fruit 4in., globose, with a crown of cal.-
segm.

Forests of the upper montane zone; rather rare. Adam’s Peak;
Dimbula; N. Eliya. Fl. March, April; greenish-white.

Endemic.

Very unlike the other species in the inflorescence. Becomes black
when dried.

36. COPFEA, Linz.

Small shrubs, stip. small; fl. solitary or in threes, axillary
(often apparently terminal), cal.-limb many-toothed or none 3.
cor.-tube long, lobes 5, spreading, twisted in bud; stam. in-
serted in throat of cor., fil. o, anth. linear; ov. 2-celled, with
a single ovule in each cell attached by centre to septum,
stigmas 2, linear; fruit containing 2 cartilaginous pyrenes ;
seeds with a deep ventral groove, endosperm horny.—Sp. 20;
6 in FZ. B. Ind.

Stip. persistent, spinescent; cal.-limb many-

toothed. j : : 5 : . I. C. WIGHTIANA.
Stip. caducous; cal.-limb.o . : 5 . 2. C. TRAVANCORENSIS.

1. ©. Wightiana, Wal/. Cat. x. 6246 (1828). Kaddumallikai, 7.

Thw. Enum. 154. C. P. 1654.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 154. Wight, Ic. t. 1598 (not good).

A small bush, with white bark and many rigid, stout,
divaricate branches (often suppressed and very short), young
shoots puberulous; |. small, 4-14 in., nearly sessile, oval,
tapering to base, obtuse, glabrous, stip. short, rigid, sharply
pointed, persistent and becoming small curved prickles,
especially on the short lat. branches; fl. solitary, sessile, on
the short lat. branches ; cal.-limb with many teeth; cor.-tube
about $in., lobes oblong-oval, obtuse, rather more than half
as long as tube; fruit not seen, “34in., much broader than long,
didymous.”

Dry region; rather rare. Jaffna; Mihintale; Uma-oya; Atakalan
Korale. Fl. Aug., Sept.; white, very sweet-scented.

Morinda.) Rubiacee. 253

Also in S. India.
A resinous gum envelops the calyx. This seems to me abundantly
distinct from the next.

2. €. travancorensis, WV. & A. Prod. 435 (1834). [PLATE LIII.]
Coffea trifiora, Moon Cat. 15 (non Forst.). Thw. Enum. 154. C. P. 2458.
FI. B. Ind. iii. 154. Bot. Mag. t. 6746.

A small shrub, branchlets stiff, slender, thickened at nodes,
twigs flattened, slightly pubescent; |. small, 14-3 in., oval or
lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, acute or obtuse at apex,
quite glabrous, rather thin, petiole very short, stip. small,
long-triangular, acute, soon falling; fl. solitary or in threes,
very shortly stalked, each with two minute, linear bracts at
base ; cal. very small, puberulous, limb quite absent; cor.-tube
2 in., glabrous within, lobes ovate-oblong, acute, rather shorter
than tube; ov. surmounted by thick disk surrounding style,
stigmas large, erect; fruit 3 in. diam., distinctly didymous,
broader than long, slightly puberulous when young, black.

Moist and intermediate region to 3000 ft.; rather rare. Kalutara
(Moon); Kurunegala (Gardner); Negombo; Deltota; Doluwe Kande.
Fl. April-June; white, very sweet-scented.

Also in Travancore.

Moon’s S. name for this is ‘ Gas-pitcha,’ and the flowers much resemble
those of a jasmine.

C. arabica, L., the common Arabian coffee, introduced to Ceylon
from Java by the Dutch about 1690, and largely cultivated, is often found
about the sites of former native gardens or plantations, but has shown no
tendency to become naturalised.

37. MORINDA,* Zinn.

Trees or climbing shrubs, stip. various; fl. in dense stalked
heads, the peduncle often taking the place of one |. of the pair
and thus leaf-opposed but within the stip., or terminal; cal.-
tube more or less fused with adjacent ones in the head, limb
short or 0, segm. usually 0; cor. tubular, lobes 4 or 5, valvate,
hairy at mouth; stam. 4 or 5, anth. oblong; ov. 2 or spuriously
4-celled with 2 or 4 ovules, stigmas 2, linear; fruit in each
head concrete into a fleshy globose mass, pyrenes 3 or 4 to
each berry, 1-seeded.—Sp. 40; 7 in /Z. B. Lund.

Trees; cor.-lobes 5.

L. under 6 in., dull , ; ; ; : . I. M. TINCTORIA.
L. over 6Gin., shining . { , ; 5 . 2. M. CITRIFOLIA.
Climbing shrub: cor.-lobes 4. i ; ; . 3. M. UMBELLATA.

F]. conspicuously dimorphic.

* Morinda, a name given by Vaillant; said to be a contraction of Morus
indica, and doubtless alluding to the compound fruit.
PART IIL. AA

354 Rubtacee. (Morinda.

1. M. tinectoria, Roxd. Hort. Beng. 15 (1814). Ahu, S. Man-
chavanna, 7.

M. exserta, Roxb., Thw. Enum. 145. C. P. 1668.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 156. Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 220 (Z. cétréfolia).

A usually small tree, bark thick, spongy, with deep longi-
tudinal furrows, branchlets thickened at nodes, l.-scars pro-
minent, twigs compressed, glabrous; |. 3-5 in., lanceolate,
tapering to base, acuminate, acute, glabrous save for tufts of
hair in axils of lat. veins beneath, dull green not shining,
petiole very short, stip. broadly triangular, acute, deciduous ;
fl. rather large, heads globose, peduncles long, solitary or
rarely 2-3 together ; cal.-tube about 4 in., lobes 5, narrowly
oblong, more than half as long as tube; head of fruit about
#in. diam., globose, fleshy, pyrenes usually 4, oblong.

Dry region; rather common. Jaffna; Trincomalie; Anuradhapura;
Badulla District (Thwaites). Fl. Sept., Oct.; white, very sweet-scented.

Also in India and Malaya.

Wood moderately hard and heavy, brownish-orange, durable. The
reddish-brown bark of the root affords a red dye, much used for dyeing
cloth, but the tree is not cultivated in Ceylon. The leaves are a remedy
for diarrhoea, and an external application to wounds. The plant dries a
dark metallic brown.

2. M. citrifolia, 2. SP. P/. 176 (1753). Ahu, S.

Fl. Zeyl. n. 82. Moon Cat.15. J. dvacteata, Roxb., Thw. Enum.
144 1G Pa765:

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 155. Wight, Ill. t. 126 (JZ. dvacteata). Rheede, Hort.
Malab. i. t. 52.

A small tree, with yellowish-white bark, branchlets stout,
marked with l|.-scars, twigs glabrous; |. closely placed, large,
6-8 in., oval, attenuate at base, shortly acuminate, acute,
glabrous, |. shining, with glandular pits in axils of lat. veins
beneath, rather thick, bright apple-green, veins strongly
marked, prominent beneath, pellucid, petiole 4 in., very stout,
stip. short, broad, obtuse, persistent; fl. as in the last, but
smaller; cor.-lobes 5; head of fruit ovoid, over 1 in. long, very
fleshy, white, some of the enlarged cal. of the lowest fruits
developing large and leafy bract-like segm.; pyrenes ovoid,
compressed, winged on one edge, convex on one surface, con-
cave on the other.

Near the coast in the moist region; rather rare, often cultivated.
Colombo; Galle; Tangalle. Fl. October; white.

Also in Andaman Is., Malaya, Pacific Is., N. Australia; doubtfully
wild in Peninsular India.

There are only drawings—no specimens—of this in Hermann’s col-
lection. The bract-like leafy appendages to some of the lower calyces
are persistent in the head of fruit, and very characteristic.

This is a Malayan and Pacific maritime plant, and, like several others

Prismatomeris.] Rubiacee. Bo

of that group, native here only in a few spots on our south-western
coast, but it is much cultivated in-gardens. It is, I believe, quite distinct
from the dry country 4. “uctorta, of which it has been considered
as a cultivated variety.

The root-bark affords a red dye as in MZ. “enctoria.

3. M. umbellata, Z. Sf. P/. 176 (1753). Miri-wel, Maha-
kiri-wel, S.

Fl. Zeyl. n. 81. MZ. scandens, Roxb., Moon Cat. 15. Thw. Enum.
145. C. P. 1669. i

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 157. Rheede, Hort. Malab. vii. t. 27.

A scrambling shrub, climbing by very long, slender, sar-
mentose, divaricate branches, bark grey, striate, internodes
very long, young parts puberulous; |. rather small, 2-4 in.,
usually oblong-lanceolate, but sometimes broadly oval, tapering
or acute at base, shortly acuminate, acute, glabrous, thin, dark
green, venation finely reticulate, pellucid, petiole 4 in., often
twisted, stip. connate, sheathing, membranous, subpersistent ;
fi. few together, heads small, less than } in. diam., globose,
stalked, peduncles 4-10 together in terminal umbels; cal.-
limb short, perfectly truncate; cor.-tube very short, lobes 4,
oblong-oval, much longer than tube; head of fruit small,
about 4 in. diam., lobulated, smooth, scarlet.

Moist region extending up to 4000 ft. or higher; common.

Fl. Feb.; white or greenish.

Throughout the Tropics of Asia.

At the higher elevations this often forms a small bush with no ten-
dency to climb, and with much broader and thicker leaves.

38. PRISMATOMERITIS, 7iw.

Shrub, stip. shortly connate, often split; fl. few, terminal,
unisexual; cal.-limb cup-shaped, truncate with 5 tooth-like
segm.; cor.-tube glabrous within, lobes 5, very thick and
prismatic on section, valvate; stam. 5, inserted in tube, small;
ov. 2-celled, with a single ovule in each cell, stigmas 2,
spreading; fruit a berry completely filled by 2 large seeds;
seed rounded on back, deeply excavated on ventral surface,
endosperm horny.—Sp. 3; 2 in Fi. B. Ind.

P. albidifiora, 7/iw. in Kew Journ. Bot. viii. 269 (1856).

Thw. Enum. 154. C. P. 728.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 159. Kew Journ. Bot. viii. t. 7, f. A. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Or.
t. 93, and FI. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. 29, f. 4 (not good).

A shrub 10-12 ft., much divaricately branched, bark grey,
branchlets sharply quadrangular compressed, thickened at
nodes, yellow, polished; 1. 24—5 in., oval or lanceolate-oval,
tapering to base, shortly acuminate, subacute, glabrous,
venation conspicuous, reticulate, petiole very short, stip.

356 Rubwacee. [Psychotria.

forming a short tube; fl. moderate in size, 1-4, usually in
pairs at end of twigs, ped. 1-14in., slender, divaricate; cal.
glabrous; cor.-lobes oblong, acute, excavated at base, about
as long as tube; fil. very short; fruit 2 in., nearly globose,
broader than long and very slightly didymous, purple.

Var. 6, Fergusonii, 77vim. P. Fergusoniz, Thw.* ex. Bedd. FI.
Sylv. Fl. Man. 134, 10. FI. B. Ind. iii. 159.

Pedicels 5-10, in terminal usually stalked umbels, corolla-
segments less fleshy.

Moist region, rare, extending up to 4oooft. Between Negombo and
Kurunegale; Ambagamuwa; Dolosbagie ; Maskeliya. Var. 8, Colombo
(Ferguson). Fl. March, April; yellowish-white, sweet-scented.

Also in Khasia, Burma, Malaya; not in Peninsular India.

Var. 6 is maintained as a species in FI. B. Ind. on the ground of
Beddome’s statement that the corolla-lobes are imbricate. This, is,
however, not the case; the zestivation is strictly valvate, the prismatic
lobes forming an angular bud. Indeed, their extremely fleshy nature
necessitates a valvate or reduplicate-valvate zestivation. The stipules.
exude a resinous gum. I have never seen 4-merous flowers.

39. PS¥CHOTRIA,* Z. (part).

Shrubs, rarely climbing, branchlets usually compressed
and glabrous, stip. various, often connate, fl. small, in terminal
cymes usually without bracts; cal.-limb long or short, segm.
broad or narrow, sometimes caducous; cor.-tube short, straight,
hairy or glabrous in throat, lobes 5 (rarely 4), valvate; stam.
inserted in throat of cor.; ov. 2-celled, with one erect ovule in
each cell, stigmas 2; fruit small, berry-like, with 2 plano-
convex, I-seeded pyrenes; endosperm plane or ruminate.—
Sp 50s 52 10 Bela:

Nine of our 13 species are endemic.

Pyrenes without furrows on either surface ; endosperm ruminate(Gvw7u7z/eq).
Branches of cyme whorled.
Leaves glabrous.
Lat. veins invisible : . 3 . 1. P. STENOBEWEWAS
Lat. veins conspicuous.
Berry in. long.

Cal.-limb long 2. P. GLANDULIFERA.
Cal.-limb very short 3. P. GARDNERI.
Berry near 3 in. long . 4. P. THWAITESII.
Leaves hairy beneath 5. P. WIGHTIANA.
Branches of cyme in pairs 6. P. ELONGATA.

* Thwaites informed me that he had no recollection of bestowing
this as a specific name, and that he never considered the plane specifically
distinct from P. albidiflora.

+ Psychotria altered from Psychotrophum, the name given to a W.
Indian plant by P. Browne, now Psychotria Browne, Spreng.

Psychotria.] Rubiacee. 357

Pyrenes with 4 furrows on back and 2 shallow

ones on face; endosperm not ruminate SAR MENT OSA:
Pyrenes with 2 broad furrows on back, none on

face ; endosperm not ruminate.

Fl. sessile.
L. over 6in., stip. ciliate . : : Sao ee VLOONET.
L. under 4 in., stip. not ciliate . ; Oe SORDIDAS
Fl. pedicellate.
Petiole over Tin. . : : ; . Io. P. LONGEPETIOLATA.
Petiole under 3 in.
Lat. veins numerous.
Cal.-segm. linear-lanceolate . . Ii. P. PLURIVENIA.
Cal.-limb nearly truncate . : oe 2s PETRI ES:
Lat. veins few; cal.-segm. triangular . 13. P. BISULCATA.

I. P. stenophylia, 7. f~ zz Fl. B. Ind. iii. 161 (1880).

Grumilea stenophylla, Thw. Enum. 147. C. P. 2609.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 161.

A much dichotomously branched bush, branchlets thickened
at the nodes, smooth and shining; |. 3-5 in., linear or linear-
lanceolate, tapering at both ends, acute, quite glabrous, midrib
broad, conspicuous, lat. veins scarcely visible, rather coriaceous,
margins somewhat recurved, pale green, petiole very short or
none with a tuft of brown hair in axil, stip. large, connate,
ovate, obtuse, glabrous, caducous; fl. sessile, surrounded with
ferrugineous hair, in small globose, stalked clusters, usually in
a whorl of 4, and a terminal one forming a small pedunculate,
pyramidal cyme (occasionally axillary); cal.-segm. very shallow,
cor.-tube very short, pilose in throat, lobes 4, ovate, acute;
berry 4 in., broadly ovoid, shining, bright purple; pyrenes
without furrows, endosperm ruminate.

Moist low country to 2000 ft.; rare. Nillowe Kande; Ratnapura;
Reigam Korale; Ambagamuwa. FI. Feb., March; green.
Endemic.

2. P. glandulifera, 7iw. ex Hk. f. Fl. B. Ind. iii. 161 (1880).

rr. 3011.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 161.

Shrub, branchlets glabrous; 1. 4-7 in., oblong-lanceolate,
acute at base, suddenly acuminate, acute, glabrous, pale be-
neath, with the lat. veins conspicuous, and with large and
deep glandular pits in their axils, petiole 4-2 in., stip. as in
the last; fl. few, nearly sessile, in short, sessile, trichotomous
cymes; cal.-limb long, segm. very shallow, acute; berry } in.,
ovoid, crowned with large cal.-limb.

Only found near Adam’s Peak, where the C. P. specimens (in bud and
fruit) were collected, March, 1866.

Endemic.

I have seen only the C. P. specimens, and unfortunately the fruit is
not sufficiently ripe to show the character of the seed.

35 8 Rubiacee. [Psychotria.

3. BP. Gardneri, He. f. in Fl. B. Ind. iii. 161 (1880).

Grumilea Gardneri, Thw. Enum. 147. C. P. 1718.

FI. B. Ind. ii. 161.

A shrub, twigs glabrous; |. large, 6-9 in., obovate-oblong,.
very much tapering to base, very abruptly narrowed into a
long tail-like end, obtuse at apex, margins narrowly recurved,
glabrous, lat. veins numerous, fine, distinct, petiole obscure,
stip. ovate, obtuse, quickly falling; fl. sessile, in small heads,
cymes large, paniculate with whorled branches, bracts con-
spicuous, short, broad, rounded ; cal.-limb very short, segm.
obscure; berry small, 4+ in., ovoid, black, pyrenes without
furrows, endosperm ruminate.

Lower montane zone; rare. Ramboda (Gardner); about Balangoda,

abundant. FI. white.
Endemic.

4. B. Thwaitesii, Hz. ~ F/. B. Ind. iii. 162 (1880).

Grumilea nigra, Gaertn.(?), Arn. Pug. 25. G. nudiflora, Thw. Enum.
147 (non W. and A.). C. P. 18.

FI. B. Ind. iii. 162.

A shrub, branchlets stout, glabrous, |. rather large, 4-9 in.,
oblong-lanceolate, often somewhat obovate, acute at base,
acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous, midrib very strong, lat.
veins distinct, petiole }-4 in., stip. broadly oval, obtuse; fl.
nearly sessile, with brown hair at their base, in small round
heads, cymes small, long-stalked, pyramidal, with whorled
branches; cal.-limb deciduous, segm. obscure, broad; cor.-
tube very short; berry rather large, 2-2 in., broadly ovoid,
without cal.-limb, pyrenes without furrows, endosperm much
ruminated.

Var. 6 coronata, ZZ. f. /.c.

L. smaller and broader ; cal.-segm. ovate, acute, persistent
and crowning the fruit.

Moist region, from about 1000 to 6000 ft.; very common in damp
forests. Var. 8 at the higher elevations. FI. Jan._March; greenish.

Also in S. India.

This is almost certainly Grumzlea nigra, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 138 and t.
28, and the type of that genus (now combined with Psychotria). He
gives ‘Kogdala’ as the Sinhalese name.

Var. 6 is very close to P. congesta, W. and A., of the Nilgiri Hills.

5. BP. Wightiana, Zz. f F7. B. Ind. ii. 167 (1880).

Lastanthus ? dubius, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 516. Gru-
milea Wighttana, Thw. Enum. 148. C. P. 586.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 167.

A small shrub, branchlets stout, roughly hairy ; |. large,
5-9 in., oval or lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, acute,

Psychotria.] Rubiacee. 359

glabrous above, softly hairy beneath, petiole }—{ in., very
hairy, stip. large, connate, oblong, obtuse, pilose; fl. sessile in
small round heads, cymes large, peduncled or sessile, lax,
very hairy, branches long, whorled, divaricate ; cal.-limb large,
erect, very hairy, segm. short, obtuse, glabrous within; berry
2 in. broadly ovoid, crowned with cal.-limb, very hairy,

8
pyrenes without furrows, endosperm ruminate.

Var. 6 affinis, Wk. 7. /.c. Grumilea affinis, Thw.\.c. C. P. 2706.

L. smaller, linear-lanceolate, less hairy beneath; cal.-
segm. acute.

Moist low country by streams; rare. Ambagamuwa; Ratnapura;
var. 8, Hewesse; Palabadala; Kitulgala. Fl. Feb—April; green.

Endemic.

Wight’s specimens, which were without fruit and hence misled him
as to the genus, were communicated to him by Col. Thacker (and also
collected by himself) in April, 1836.

6. P. elongata, Hk. f. F/. B. Ind. iii. 163 (1880).

Grumilea elongata, Wight, Thw. Enum. 147. C. P. 1719.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 163. Wight, Ic. t. 1036.

A shrub, twigs very smooth; |. 3-44 in., obovate-oval,
obtuse at base, suddenly and shortly acuminate, acute,
glabrous, lat. veins numerous, 12-16 on each side, parallel,
prominent, usually with deep glandular pits in the axils
beneath, petiole }in., stout, stip. short, pubescent, partially
persistent ; fl. nearly sessile, small, in dense clusters, cymes
pedunculate, narrow, branches short, opposite, peduncle with
2 large sheathing stipular bracts at base; cal.-segm. tri-
angular, acute, caducous; cor.-lobes rather shorter than wide
tube; berry 4 in., ovoid or slightly pyriform, without a cap
of cal.-limb, faintly vertically 1o-ribbed, pyrene without fur
rows, endosperm ruminate.

Montane zone to 7000 ft.; common. FI. Feb.—April; white.
Also in mountains of S. India.

7. P. sarmentosa, 4/. Lijdr. 964 (1826). Wal-gonika, S.

P. scandens, Moon Cat. 14. Thw. Enum. 148. C. P. 1712.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 165. Wight, Ic. t. 1038.

A shrub, climbing by adventitious rootlets, stems sarmen-
tose, cylindrical, smooth, with long internodes; |. rather
small, 24-3 in., oval or oval-lanceolate, rounded or acute at
base, shortly acuminate, subacute, glabrous, lat. veins few,
faintly marked, petiole } in., stip. connate and sheathing,
acute; fl. small, shortly stalked, cymes lax, corymbose,
branches opposite, divaricate; cal. pilose, segm. broadly
triangular, acute ; cor.-tube with a ring of dense yellow hairs

2M

360 Rubiacee. [Psychotria.

in mouth, lobes oval-oblong, obtuse; berry nearly 4 in.,
globular, without a cal.-crown, smooth, white, pyrenes with
4 furrows and 5 ribs down the back and 2 shallow furrows
on ventral surface, endosperm not ruminate.

Low country up to 3000 ft. or more; common. FI. Jan—March;
green. '
~ “Also in India and Malaya.

The fruit is a white globular berry, not capped with calyx teeth, and
when fresh is quite without ribs or furrows, but, when dried and the pulp
shrivelled up, it appears strongly 1o-ribbed, as in Wight’s figure above
quoted.

8. P. Moonii, 72. 7, F/. B. (nd. ii. 170 (1880).

Grumilea Mooniz, Thw. Enum. 148. C. P. 585.

Fl. B. Ind. iil. 170.

A large shrub, branchlets glabrous; 1. 6-8 in., oblong-oval
or slightly obovate, tapering to base, abruptly acuminate,
acute, glabrous on both sides, thin, lat.-veins numerous,
curved, often with glandular pits in axils beneath, petiole 4-1
in., stip. large, oblong, connate, obtuse, ciliate; fl. sessile, in
dense heads, with numerous large rotundate, strongly ciliate,
persistent bracts, cymes glabrous, with long opp. branches,
the lowest pair strongly deflexed; cal.-limb large, tubular-
cup-shaped, segm. obtuse, strongly ciliate; berry 3-4 in.,
oblong, crowned with large cal.-limb, smooth, pyrenes flat on
ventral surface, with 2 broad shallow furrows on back, en-
dosperm plane.

Moist country below tooo ft.; rare. Reigam Korale (Thwaites) ;

Pahingale, Pasdun Korale. Fl. June, September; white.
Endemic.

9g. P. sordida, 7iw. Enum. 149 (1859).

C. P. 333 (355, 1716).

Fl. B. Ind. 1. 170.

A. much-branched bush, branchlets slender, glabrous or
minutely pubescent; |. rather small, 2—4 in., lanceolate-oblong,
tapering to base, long-acuminate, very acute, glabrous, rather
thick, lat. veins horizontal, usually inconspicuous, petiole
4-2 in., stip. broad, connate, acute or obtuse; fl. sessile in
clusters of 3, cyme sessile, branches usually 3, short, slender
divaricate or deflexed, no bracts; cal.-limb very short or none,
segm. small, linear, acute; cor.-tube inflated, glabrous within;
disk very large and prominent; berry 4—3in., oblong, capped
with small cal., pyrenes with 2 deep and wide furrows on back,
endosperm plane.

Upper montane zone; rather common. FI. Feb.-April; greenish-
white.

Psychotria.| Rubwacee. 361

Endemic.

Varies a good deal in shape of leaves; at the higher elevations they
are often smaller, broadly oval, less acuminate, coriaceous with recurved
margins.

10. P. longepetiolata, 7iw. Enum. 149 (1859).

© B2707.

FL. B. Ind. iii. 170.

A shrub, branchlets glabrous; |. 33-6in., oval or oblong-
oval, rounded and often unequal or acute at base, abruptly
acuminate, acute, glabrous and shining, petiole very long,
14-2 in., stip. oblong, acute, deciduous; fl. on short ped.,
cymes pedunculate, pyramidal, branches whorled ; cal.-limb
short, spreading, segm. broad, obtuse; cor.-tube very short,
with a ring of hair in throat; disk large; berry 4 in., oblong-
ovoid, pyrenes very widely and deeply 2-grooved on back.

Lower montane zone, 3000-4000 ft.; very rare. Diyabetane, Sabara-
gamuwa; Pitigala-Kande, near Balangoda. Fl. March and Sept.; green.

Endemic.
The leaves dry yellow.

I1. P. plurivenia, 7iw. Enum. 149 (1859).

= 2052.

Fl. B. Ind. iu. 170.

A shrub, with slender divaricate glabrous branchlets; |.small,
2-4 in., oblong, acute at both ends, glabrous, lat. veins numer-
ous, fine, nearly horizontal, united by an intramarginal one,
petiole short, stip. tapering into long filiform point, deciduous;
fi. on short, slender ped., usually in pairs, cymes very lax, with
long filiform spreading branches, few-fld.; cal.-limb short,
segm. rather long, linear-lanceolate, acute; cor.-tube hairy at
mouth, lobes long, oblong, acute; berry nearly 4 in., oblong,
crowned with erect cal.-segm., pyrenes broadly 2-furrowed on
back.

Lower montane zone, 3000-4000 ft.; very rare. I have only seen the

C. P. specimens collected in Hewahette Dist. in 1852. FI. Oct.; white.
Endemic.

12. PB. filipes, Hz. f. F7. B. Ind. iii. 170 (1880).

P. bisulcata, var. 8B, Thw. Enum. 148. C. P. 1720.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 170.

A shrub, branchlets glabrous, |. 24-64 in., linear-lanceolate,
tapering to base, acuminate, acute, glabrous, not thick, lat.
veins numerous, 10-20 or more, petiole very short, stip. broad,
deciduous; fl. on slender ped., cymes small, lax, with slender
irregular branches; cal.-limb cup-shaped, nearly truncate ;
berry 2-%in., oblong, truncate, pyrenes with 2 deep furrows
on back.

362 Rubwacee. [Chasalia.

Moist region from 2000-4000 ft.; rare. Hantane (Gardner); Sabara-
gamuwa (Thwaites). Fl. March.
Endemic.

13. P. bisulcata, W. and A. Prod. 434 (1834). [PLATE LIV.]

e ss ae Moon Cat. 14 (non L.*). Thw. Enum. 148 (excl. var. 6).
o ky THO:

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 170. Wight, Ic. t. 1039.

A shrub, with rather stout cylindrical glabrous and shining
branches; |. 13-4 in., lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate or oval,
tapering to base, shortly acuminate, acute or subacute, glabrous,
paler and rather silvery beneath, rather thick, lat. veins 7-10,
depressed above, rather prominent beneath, often with very
deep pits in their axils, which appear as warts on upper surface,
petiole 4-4 in., stip. $in., oblong, acute, membranous, soon
falling; fl. on short ped., rather large (for genus), cymes
usually shorter than 1., lax with divaricate opp. branches; cal.-.
limb cup-shaped, segm. short, triangular, acute ; berry 4 in.,.
ovoid-oblong, crowned with large cal.-limb, smooth, pyrenes
with 2 deep grooves on back.

Upper montane zone; very common. Fl. March—May; green.

Also in the Nilgiri Mountains.

P. vaginans, DC. Prod. iv. 520 (Ophioxylon arboreum, Koenig in Hb.
Royen), from Ceylon, is Gaertnuera Kenigiz, Wight (Loganiacez).

40. CHASALIA, Comm.

A small shrub, stip. usually bifid. subpersistent; fl. rather
small, dimorphic, in terminal cymes; cal.-limb very short,
segm. 5 (or 6), short; cor.-tube slightly dilated above, some-
what curved, glabrous within or with a few hairs at insertion
of stam., lobes 5, much shorter than tube, valvate; anth. long,
sagittate at base; ov. 2-celled, with one ascending ovule in
each cell, styles long, spreading ; disk very large and pro-
minent ; fruit a berry, pyrenes 2, very thin, very concave on
ventral surface, cup-shaped (crescent-shaped on section), en-
dosperm not ruminate.—Sp. 10; 2 in FZ. B. Ind.

CG. curvifiora, 7iw. Enum. 150 (1859).

(Ce 12, uit,

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 176. Wight, Ill. t. 127 (Psychotria ambigua).

A slender shrub, twigs compressed, glabrous; |. 3-9 in.,
from oval to linear-lanceolate (usually 3-5 in. and lanceolate),

* Linnzeus’s P. aséatica, the basis of the genus, is really a W. Indian
plant, now P. Brownez, Spr.

Geophila.| Rubiacee. 363

tapering to base, acuminate, acute or obtuse, glabrous, thin,
lat. veins curved, anastomosing within the margin, rather pro-
minent beneath, petiole obscure, 4-1 in., stip. short ; fl. sessile,
usually in threes, cymes small, stalked, terminal, trichotomous,
peduncle 1 in., glabrous, pink or white, bracts linear, small ;
cal. glabrous, segm. broad, acute or PASH) cor. thick, tube
rather slender, lobes oblong, obtuse; berry 4in., depressed-
globose, tipped with withered cal. -segm., pulpy, inky-purple,
pyrenes dorsally compressed.

Moist region up to 5000 ft., or higher; rather common, especially
above 3000 ft. Fl. Jan—April and July; pinkish-white, calyx purple.

Also in India, Burma, Malaya.

C. lurida, Miq. F1. Ind. Bat. ii. 282 (1856), is an earlier name. The
petioles and midrib beneath are usually stained with dark purple. Var.

longifolia, Hk. f.. has longer more oblong |. with the lat. veins more
numerous and horizontal; we have it from Reigam Korale.

41. GEOPHILA, Von.

A small creeping herb, stip. broad, subpersistent ; fl. few,
moderate-sized, terminal; cal.-segm. 5, long, linear-lanceolate;
cor.-tube long, lobes 5, valvate; stam. inserted low down in
tube, anth. sagittate at base; ov. 2-celled, with 1 erect basal
ovule in each cell, stigma bilobed; fruit a berry, pyrenes 2,
plano-convex, not grooved, endosperm plane.—Sp. 8-10; 1 in

fl. B. Ind.

G. reniformis, LD. Don, Prod. Fl. Nepal. 136 (1825). Agu=
karni, S.
Psychotria herbacea, L., Moon Cat. 14. Thw. Enum. 150. C. P. 1705.

Fl. B. Ind. 111.178. Wight, Ic. t. 54.

Small, herbaceous, stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes,
filiform, puberulous, with short erect branches; |. small, 4-1
in., ovate-reniform, obtuse, slightly pubescent or glabrous,
paler beneath, petiole erect, 4-1 in., pubescent, stip. broadly
ovate, obtuse; fl. on short ped., 1-3 together, with 2 linear
bracts beneath each, terminal; cal.-segm. much longer than
tube, acuminate, ciliate; cor. slightly pubescent outside, tube
dilated upwards, lobes oblong, acute, shorter than tube; berry
2in., globose, crowned with large cal.-limb, smooth, pulpy,
red, pyrenes small, flat and smooth on ventral, convex, rough
and bluntly keeled on dorsal surface.

Moist low country to 3000 ft.; rather common (according to Thwaites),
but I have met with it but rarely. FJ. May and June.

In most parts of Tropics of Asia, Africa, and America.

Moon’s locality is Kalutara; he also gives as S. name ‘ Koturu-bedda.’

364 Rubiacee. [Lastanthus.

42. LASIANTHUS, /ack.

Shrubs, |. usually much acuminate, with arching lat.-veins
connected by transverse veinlets, stip. more or less triangular,
fl. small, sessile or nearly so, in axillary, usually sessile heads
or cymes; cal.-segm. 4 (or 5), persistent; cor.-tube funnel-
shaped, villous in throat, lobes 4 (or 5), hairy; stam. inserted
in cor.-throat, fil. short, anth. oblong; ov. 4- (or 5-) celled,
crowned with large fleshy disk, with 1 erect ovule in each cell,
stigma 4- (or 5-) lobed; fruit a small berry, containing 4 or 5
bony triquetrous pyrenes.—Sp. 80; 52 in AZ. B. Lud.

I have mainly followed the Fl. B. Ind. in this difficult genus, but feel
no certainty as to the limitations or characters of Sp. 2-8. These dingy,
unattractive shrubs form an undergrowth in shady forests, and require
further investigation; I do not find the cal.-segm. or number of lat. veins
very constant. All our species are considered to be endemic, but a
critical comparison with those of S. India is needed.

Fl. surrounded with long bracts; cymes peduncled 1. L. MOONII.
Fl. without bracts.
Cymes sessile.
Cal.-segm. linear-lanceolate.

L. thick, hairy beneath . : : . 2. L. THWAITESII. § 4
L. thin, glabrous beneath . ‘ s . 3. L. RHINOPHYLLUS.
Cal.-segm. triangular.
Cal.-segm. obtuse . : ; : . 4. L. WALKERIANUS.
Cal.-segm. acute.
L. not cordate at base.
L. hairy beneath; fl. in clusters . 5. L. GARDNERI.
L. glabrous; fl. usually solitary . 6. L. OLIGANTHUS.
L. cordate at base . 5 , 7. L. OBLIQUUS.
Cal.-segm. tooth-like (limb truncate) 8. L. STRIGOSUS.
Cymes on a short peduncle g. L. VARIANS.

1. &. Moonii, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 504 (1845).

Mephitidia Mooniz, Thw. Enum. 145, 420. C. P. 92, 3997.

Fl]. B. Ind. iti. 180.

A slightly branched shrub, branches stout, usually very
hispid with shaggy hair; 1. 3-6in., oval or lanceolate, acute
or rounded at base, acuminate, subacute, more or less hispid
on both sides, especially beneath, often bullate above, lat.
veins 7 or 8, very prominent beneath, petiole $in., with thick
spreading coarse hair, stip. ovate, obtuse, hairy, caducous;
cyines dense, capitate on short, stout, hispid peduncles or
nearly sessile, several in each axil, bracts numerous, as long
as fl., the outer ones broady ovate, the others linear, very
strongly hispid or ciliate with coarse hair; cal.-segm. long,
linear, acuminate, hispid; cor.-lobes short; berry }in., broadly
ovoid, hispid, scarlet.

Lasianthus.] Rubwacee. 365

Moist low country up to 3000 ft.; ratherrare. Sabaragamuwa Dist. fre-
quent ; Morowak Korale ; Hewesse ; below Adam’s Peak. F1]. March; white.

Endemic.

Occasionally, as in C. P. 3997, the stems and upper surface of the
leaves are glabrous, as was the case with the original specimen described
by Wight; in the Hewesse specimens when living the hairs were a
brilliant pink in colour, giving the plant a very ornamental appearance.

2, L. Thwaitesii, H%. f Fl. B. Ind. iii. 185 (1880).

Mephitidia tomentosa, Thw. Enum. 145. L. strigosus, Thw. Enum,
420 (part). C. P. 2711.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 185.

A shrub, branchlets slightly compressed when young,
densely tomentose with brown hair; |. rather small, 2-34 in.,
narrowly lanceolate, acute at base, tapering into long attenuate
acute apex, glabrous and shining above, tomentose-hairy
beneath, rather thick, lat. veins 5, much curved, prominent
beneath, petiole 4in., stip. pubescent; fl. solitary or few; cal.
hairy, segm. usually linear-lanceolate, as long as cor.-tube;
cor. hairy outside; berry 4in., crowned with cal.-segm., hairy,
black, pyrenes oblong, channelled down ventral side.

Var. 6, nitidus, 7hiw. zz Fl. B. Ind. iii. 189. C. P. 3910.

L. rather smaller, glabrous and shining on both surfaces,
or puberulous on veins beneath.

Moist region at about 3000ft.; very rare. Only at Laxapanagala in
Ambagamuwa in 1853. Var. @ more common; Adam’s Peak; Hakgala.
Fl. Feb., March; white.

Endemic.

The Fl. B. Ind. refers var. 6 to the L. stvZgosus of that work, with
which it does not at all agree, but is connected with the present type
by pubescent forms. Many fl. are abortive.

3. L. rhinophyllus, 7iw. Enum. 420 (1864).

Mephitidia rhinophyllus, Thw. Enum. 145 (by error vizzophyllus).
C.-P. 361.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 185 (ZL. rhzzophyllus).

A shrub, branchlets elongated, slender, compressed when
young, adpressed-pubescent; |. rather small, 2—3 in., lanceolate,
acute at base, long-acuminate, acute, glabrous on both sides,
thin, lat. veins 5 or 6, oblique, delicate; fl. solitary or few;
cal. adpressed-hairy, segm. linear-lanceolate; fruit not seen.

Moist region; very rare. Adam’s Peak (Gardner); Kukul Korale.
Fl, June; white.

Endemic.

I have but scanty material for this, which is very near the last.

4. lL. Walkerianus, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 512
(1845).

Mephitidia Walkeriana, Thw. Enum, 146. JL. protractus, Thw. (part)
Enum. 429. C. P. 289 (340).

FI. B. Ind. iii. 186.

366 Rubiacee. [Lasianthus.

Branches puberulous or nearly glabrous, compressed when
young; |. 3-5 in., lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tapering to
base, long-acuminate, very acute almost mucronate at apex,
coriaceous, glabrous on both sides or midrib beneath slightly
pubescent, lat. veins 6-8, slender, petiole very short; fl. in
crowded fascicles without bracts; cal. pubescent, segm. short,
triangular, rather obtuse; berry small, 4—}in., nearly globose,
truncate at top, tipped with tooth-like cal.-segm., glabrous.

Moist region up to 5000 ft.; rather common. Fl. Dec._March; white.

Endemic.

A narrow-leaved form (var. /anceolatus, Hk. f.) is as frequent as the
type. The C. P. numbers 80 and 1728 are quoted for this in Fl. B. Ind.,
but are again quoted for LZ. strzgosus, and C. P. 290 is also given there for
L. Walkerianus. These numbers are not now represented in Herb.
Perad., but were originally included by Thwaites under ZL. varzans.

s, G. Gardneri, 12. f Fl. B. Ind. 186 (1880).

Mephitidia Gardnert, Thw. Enum. 145. JL. strigosus, Thw. Enum.
420 (part). C. P. 348, 3985 (?).

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 186.

Branches stout, much compressed when young, more or
less covered with brown hair, becoming glabrous; 1. rather
large, 4-7 in., lanceolate, acute at both ends, shortly acuminate,
glabrous above, more or less hairy on veins beneath, coria-
ceous, lat. veins 5-7, strong, very prominent beneath, petiole
jin., stip. narrowly triangular, acute, hairy; fl. sessile, in small,
dense, crowded clusters; cal. hairy, segm. narrowly triangular,
acute; berry not seen.

Upper montane zone; rare. Adam’s Peak (Gardner); Nuwara .

Eliya; Morowak Korale. Fl. July.
Endemic.
Thwaites ultimately made one species of this and his J. tomentosa

(L. Thwatteszz), and considered it to be L. strigosus, Wight. They are
certainly very closely allied.

6. G. oliganthus, 7iw. Enum. 420 (1864).

Mephitidia oligantha, Thw. Enum. 146 (excl. var. 8). C. P. 357.

Fl. B. Ind. 111. 186.

Branches slender, slightly rough with adpressed hair; 1.
2-4 in., acute or obtuse at base, acuminate, acute, with long
acuminate apex, quite glabrous, rather thin, lat. veins 4 or 5,
stip. small, narrow; fl. solitary (or 2 or 3), very small, sessile;
cal.-segm. narrowly triangular, acute; berry very small, about
4 in., depressed, truncate at top.

Moist region, 1000-4000 ft.; common. MHantane (Gardner); about

Peradeniya; Palabadala; Morowak Korale. Fl. March.
Endemic.

Seems to flower but rarely.

Lasianthus.] Rubtracee. 367

7. L. obliquus, 7iw. Exum. 420 (1864).

Mephitidia oligantha, var. obligua, Thw. Enum. 146. C. P. 3418.

Fl. B. Ind. ili. 192.

Stems slender, nearly cylindrical, much branched, more
or less strigose with adpressed hair, buds hairy; 1. 2}-53 in.,
nearly sessile, ovate or oblong-ovate, cordate and unequal-
sided at base, acuminate, acute, glabrous and very shining
above, pale and with the veins finely pubescent beneath,
rather thin but stiff, lat. veins 4 or 5, much curved, fine and
slender but prominent, stip. very small, soon falling ; fl. very
small, sessile, solitary (or 2 or 3); cal.-segm. small, triangular,
acute; cor.-lobes shorter than tube; berry 4 in., depressed-
globose, crowned with tooth-like cal.-segm., smooth, very soft,
black, pyrenes nodular on surface.

Moist region up to 3000 ft.; rather rare. Singhe Raja Forest; near
Balangoda; Morowak Korale; Madagatte, S. Prov.; Kitulgala. FI.
March, April; white.

Endemic.

8. L. strigosus, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 512 (1845).

Mephitidia strigosa, Thw. Enum. 146. L. Walkertanus, Thw.
Enum. 420. C. P. 1725.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 189.

Stems more or less strigose with adpressed hair, cylindrical,
stout; |. large, 3-6 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute at base, acu-
minate, mucronate (the midrib protruded), glabrous and shining
above, paler and strongly pubescent on veins beneath, lat.
veins 7-9 (usually 8), spreading, strongly marked, as are also
the connecting veinlets, petiole about }in., stip. small, trian-
gular, acuminate; fl. largest in the genus, sessile, crowded ;
cal. slightly pubescent, limb broadly tubular, truncate, ciliate,
segm. small, tooth-like; cor. hairy outside, tube 1 in., lobes
shorter than tube; berry 4in., nearly globose, crowned with
tubular cal.-limb (which is sometimes deciduous).

Var. B, protractus, zk. f. Mephitidia protracta, Thw. Enum. 146.
L. protractus, Thw. Enum. 420 (in part). C. P. 354.

L. 6-8 in., very much attenuate to apex, lat. veins very
oblique.

Moist and intermediate country from 1000-5000 ft.; common, and
often gregarious. Fl. all the year; white.

Endemic.

This is the only species that extends beyond the moist region. In
woods north of Kurunegala and on the slopes of the isolated Ritigala
Mountain, it forms the principal undergrowth. Var. £8 was collected by
Gardner, but the locality is doubtful; the specimens are too imperfect
to enable it to be referred to this species with any certainty. Often (like
other Rudiacez) called ‘ Wal-kopi’ by the Sinhalese. The upper surface
of the leaves is sometimes beautifully variegated with yellow.

368 Rubracee. [Saprosma.

9. L. varians, 7hw. Enum. 420 (1864).

Mephitidia varians, Thw. Enum. 146. C. P. 57.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 191.

A much-branched shrub, branchlets compressed when
young, thickened at nodes, glabrous; |. usually small, 1-3 in.,.
oval or lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute at base, mu-
cronate with excurrent midrib at apex, margins often recurved,,
quite glabrous, very coriaceous, lat. veins scarcely distinguish-
able from the general reticulate prominent venation; fl. sessile
or on very short ped., in small clusters, borne on short
peduncles sometimes nearly 4in. long; cal.-limb cup-shaped,.
segm. usually Tenge ae acute ; cor. glabrous outside, tube
short ; berry 4 t-# in., crowned with erect tooth-like cal. -segm.,.
broadly oven. place

Upper montane zone; common. Nuwara Eliya; Pedurutalagala;
Horton Plains; Elk Plains; Adam’s Peak. Fl. Feb.-May; white.

Endemic.

The FI. B. Ind. would apparently restrict this to specimens with the.

inflorescence borne on a peduncle. Easily distinguished from the rest by
the quite different venation of the leaves.

43. SAPROSMA, Llume.

Shrubs, stip. connate, with stiff bristles on margin, deci-
duous; fl. moderate-sized, solitary or in threes, axillary or
terminal; cal.-limb cup-shaped, segm. 4, small; cor.-tube short,
hairy at mouth, lobes 4, induplicate-valvate in bud; stam. 4,
anth. oblong; ov. 2-celled, with 1 erect ovule in each cell,
stigmas 2, fruit a berry, containing 2 thin crustaceous pyrenes.
—Sp. 8; 7 in Fl. B. Ind.

-

L. sessile, subcordate at base . : : : . I. S. INDICUM.

L. petiolate, acute at base.
Branchlets scabrous : : : : 4 . 2. S. SCABRIDUM.
Branchlets smooth. : : : : : . 3. S. ZEYLANICUM.

S. indicum, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 37 (1851).

Seriisa Gardnert, Thw. Enum. 150. C. P. 82.

Fl. B. Ind. ii. 192. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. One 16 (Serissa glomerata).

A bush, branches slender, dichotomous, widened and flat
below each node, yellowish-brown, smoothand shining; 1. 2-4
in., nearly sessile, ovate, rounded or subcordate at base,
acuminate, acute at apex, glabrous, stip. small with 3 bristles;
fl. rather small, on short ped., I or 3 at apex of twigs between
last pair of 1.; cal.-limb short, segm. narrowly triangular,
acuminate; cor.-lobes ovate, acute as long as tube; berry
nearly 4in., broadly ovoid, shining, blue-black.

Saprosma.| Rubtacee. 369.

Montane zone; very rare. Only collected in forests near Galagama
below Horton Plains, where it was first found by Gardner. Fl. April,
May; white.

Also in S. India.

The Ceylon plant has broader and more cordate-based leaves than
the Indian one, and is called var. Gardner7 in FI. B. Ind.

2. S. scabridum, Zedd. Fl. Sylv. For. Man. 134, 12 (1873 °).

Serissa scabrida, Thw. Enum. 151. C. P. 3306.

FI. B. Ind. iii. 193.

Branchlets rough, with short stiff hair; 1. 2-3 in., oval,
acute at base, slightly acuminate, acute, glabrous above,
pilose on veins beneath, petiole }in., stip. scabrous, with long
bristles; fl. solitary, terminal; cal-segm. lanceolate-linear ;
berry (unripe) about 4 in., globose.

Moist low country; very rare. An imperfect specimen in Hb. Perad.,
with a single nearly ripe fruit and no flowers, marked ‘ Near Ratnapura,
March, 1853,’ is all the material for this species.

Endemic.

3. S. zeylanicum, Bedi. Fl. Sylv. For. Man. 136, 12 (1873 ?).

Dysodidendron* zeylanicum, Gardn. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 2.
Serissa zeylanica, Thw. Enum. iso. C. P. 261.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 193. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 15 (Serzssa Wighitiz).

A shrub, 8-12 ft., with slender erect branches, branchlets
very slender, brittle, much flattened and dilated below the
nodes, bark pale brownish-yellow, smooth, twigs glabrous ;
]. usually 2-4 in., lanceolate or oval, acute at base, acuminate,
acute, often very shallowly and irregularly crenate near the
end, glabrous, shining above, paler beneath, lat. veins much
curved, prominent beneath, with deep glandular pits in axils,
petiole very short, stip. with short bristles; fl. rather large,
axillary (often from axils of fallen 1.) or terminal, ped. 4—$ in.,
slender, glabrous, with 2 small linear bracts below the middle,
and often also beneath the fl.; cal. glabrous, segm. broad,
shallow, apiculate; cor.-tube funnel-shaped, lobes much longer
than tube, broadly ovate, acute, spreading, hairy above, thick,
the broad margin thinner, turned upwards and crisped (in
zstivation strongly induplicate, the bud being bluntly
quadrangular); fil. very short; stigmas linear, spreading ;
berry over ? in., obovate-ovoid, tipped with small cal.-segm.,
smooth and shining, bright blue.

Montane zone in forests 4000-7000 ft.; common. FI. March, April,
and August; pale sulphur-yellow.

Also in S. Indian hills.
The leaves and flowers are extremely fetid, especially when bruised or

* From the very fetid odour of the plant.
PART II. BB

370 Rubiacee. [Spermacoce.

withering. The colour of the fruit is an intense metallic lapis-lazuli blue.
A small, narrow-leaved form occurs in the higher mountains.

(44. HYDROPHYLAX, Linz. 7

A prostrate perennial herb, stip. large, adnate to 1., forming
a sheath; fl. rather large, solitary, axillary; cal.-segm. 4, long,
persistent; cor.-tube broadly funnel-shaped, with a ring of
hair at mouth, lobes 4, valvate, stam. 4, inserted in throat of
cor., fil. slender, exserted ; ov. 2-celled, with a single ovule in
each cell peltately attached to septum, stigma 2-lobed ; fruit
dry, corky, compressed with sharp edges, 2-celled, 2-seeded.—
Spr 371 i ee 7a.

H. maritima, L. 7 Suppl. Plant.126 (1781). Mudu-gétakola, S.

Sarissus anceps, Gaertn. Fruct.i.118. Moon Cat. 10. Thw. Enum.
T5ile pen Come lO 7.26

Fl. B. Ind. i. 199. Wight, Ic. t. 760.

Perennial herb, stems numerous, prostrate, rooting at
moles, much-branched, cylindrical, stout, succulent, glabrous ;
1, }-# in., sessile, more or less recurved, spathulate- oval, acute,
very fleshy, smooth or slightly papillose, ‘stip. large, forming
with adnate l-bases a cup round the stem, truncate, slightly
ciliate, persistent; fl. sessile; cal-segm. linear-lanceolate,
acute, rather shorter than ov.; cor.-lobes ovate, acute, much
shorter than tube; ov. 4-angled, glabrous; fruit 4 in. , oblong-
ovoid, much compressed, crowned with large sai -segm., with
3 prominent ribs on each side, glabrous and shining.

Sandy seashores; common round the island. FI. all the year;
pinkish-lilac.

Also in S. India.

Gaertner gives as the Sinhalese name for this, ‘ Hin-taccada.’

45. SPERMACOCE, Liuz.

Annual herbs, stems quadrangular, stip. adnate to l.-base,
forming a cup round the stem, strongly ciliate or pectinate ;
fl. small, sessile in axillary clusters, forming whorls; cal.-segm.
4, linear; cor.-tube long, lobes 4, valvate; stam. 4, inserted in
throat of cor., ov. 2-celled, with a single ovule in each cell ;
fruit a small dry capsule, septicidally dehiscent into 2 carp.,
one or both of which again dehisces ventrally; seeds oblong,
with a groove down ventral surface-—Sp. 150; 4 in FZ. B. Ind.

Capsule with both carp. ventrally dehiscent.
L. linear ; capsule 5 sin. , . : - : = I) S. SERICES
L. oval; capsule +} jsin. . . 2. S. OCYMOIDES.
Capsule with only one carp. ventrally ‘dehiscent . . 36.5. HISPIDAS

Spermacoce.| Rubiacee. a7

1. S. stricta, Z. ~ Suppl. Plant. 120 (1781).

C. P. 1695 (part). :

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 200.

Annual, stems slender, thickened at nodes, erect, quadran-
gular, slightly branched, angles slightly hispid, internodes
very long; |. I-2in., sessile but much tapering to narrow
base, linear, acute, mucronate, margin often revolute, more or
less scabrous on both sides, bristles of stip. numerous, long,
filiform; fl. few, clusters dense; cal.-segm. filiform, hairy; cor.
minute; capsule }in., broadly ovoid, crowned with long cal.-
segm., hairy, dehiscent from above, each carpel dehiscing
ventrally; seed narrowly oblong, black, dull.

i country; apparently rare. Colombo (Ferguson). FI. August;
white.

Also in India and Trop. Asia and Africa generally.
Thwaites did not distinguish this from S. hzspzda.

2. S. ocymoides, Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 34 (1768).

Borreria ocymoides, DC., Thw. Enum. 151. C. P. 1684.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 200. Burm. f. Fl. Ind. t. 13, f. 1.

Annual herb, stem slender, 6-12 in. high, branched at
base, quadrangular, glabrous or nearly so; |. sessile or shortly
petioled, $—# in., oval, tapering at base, acute, nearly glabrous,
thin, stip. short, scarcely forming a cup, bristles long; fl. very
small, cymes dense, globose; cal.-segm. linear, apiculate,
nearly glabrous; capsule very small, 7g in., oblong-globose,
glabrous, thin, white, both carp. ventrally dehiscent ; seeds
black.

Moist low country; rare. Kalutara (Moon); Galle (Gardner) ;
Colombo (Ferguson).

Also in India, Malaya, Trop. Africa, and Mauritius.

Has the habit of Ammannia. I have not met with this.

3. S. hispida, Z. SZ. P/. 102 (1753). Hin-geta-kola, S. Yar,
Nattaichchuri, 7.

Herm. Mus. 3. Burm. Thes. 103. Fl. Zeyl. n. 62. Moon Cat. to.
Thw. Enum. 151. C. P. 1695 (part), 1696.

Fl. B. Ind. iii. 200. Burm. Thes. t. 20, f. 3.

Annual (sometimes perennial?), stems prostrate, long,
sharply quadrangular, roughly hairy on the angles, stiff, inter-
nodes generally long; 1. sessile, 4-1 in., oblong-oval, acute,
slightly pubescent on both sides, scabrous-ciliate on margin,
rather thick, veins inconspicuous, stip. short, membranous,
bristles few, long; fl. few, within the stipular cup, bracts long,
filiform, hyaline; cal.-segm. twice as long as ov., linear, ciliate ;
cor.-tube slender, lobes short, bristly on back; capsule } in.,
oblong-ovoid, hairy, crowned with long cal.-segm., one carp.

372 Rubacez. [Rubéa.

only ventrally dehiscent, the other closed by the septum
remaining attached to it; seeds smooth, brown.
Low country in dry waste places; verycommon. FI. March-August;

pale violet.

Throughout India, Malaya, and S. China.

A maritime state grows in the sands at Kalpitiya; it is almost shrubby,
with closely placed, small, thick, very bristly leaves with cartilaginous

margins, and a larger fruit.
Hermann gives the S. name for this ‘ Aswanna.’

46. RUBIA, Linz.

Perennial, 1. in whorls of 4; fl. small, in axillary cymes;
cal.-limb 0; cor.-tube campanulate, lobes 4, valvate; stam. 4,
very small, inserted in tube; ov. 2-celled with 1 erect ovule in
each cell, styles 2, stigmas globose; fruit didymous, fleshy;
seeds globose——Sp. 30; 8 in FZ. B. Ind.

R. cordifolia, Z. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, iii. (1768). Manda-madini-
wel, Yogana-wel, S.

R. secunda, Moon Cat. 10. Thw. Enum. 151. C. P. 2705.

FI. B. Ind. iii. 202. Wight, Ill. t. 128 bis, f. 1.

Perennial, roots very long, cylindrical, flexuose, with a
thick red cortex, stems very long (often many yards), becom-
ing slightly woody at base, flexible, tough, cylindrical, bark
white, branches scandent by means of the very numerous
divaricate or deflexed branchlets and petioles, quadrangular,
sometimes prickly on the angles, smooth, shining; 1.4 ina
whorl, #-14 in., ovate, cordate at base, tapering to acute
apex, scabrous above and on the veins beneath, and
especially on the margin, with small, white recurved prickles,
5- or 7-veined from the base, stiff, often convex above, with
the apex hooked, sometimes pubescent beneath, petiole about
twice as long as I., usually deflexed, tapering, stiff and branch-
like, deeply channelled above, triangular, with many sharp
recurved prickles on the angles; fl. on short glabrous ped.,
cymes lax, trichotomous, glabrous; cor.-tube thick, very short,
lobes ovate, obtuse; fruit about 4 in., very didymous, the carp.
almost distinct, smooth, shining, purplish-black. ©

Bushy places in montane zone from 3000-7000 ft.; verycommon. FI.
August, September; greenish-white.
ne Also in the mountains of India and Java, and in N. E. Asia and Trop.

T1Ca.

Our Ceylon plant usually has the stem almost destitute of prickles.
Mocn seems to have first noticed this plant ; his locality is Walapane. I
pee net been able to get a satisfactory S. name; those above given are

OUDTIUL.

Galium.] Rubiacee, 373

The roots afford an excellent red dye, but it does not appear to be
used here.

47. GALIUM, L777.

Slender herb, |. 4-6 in a whorl; fi. minute, sessile, axillary;
cal.-segm. 0; cor. rotate, without a tube, lobes 4, cut almost to
base, valvate; stam. 4, inserted at mouth of cor., anth. globose;
ov. 2-celled, style bifid, stigmas globose; fruit very didymous,
tipped with short styles—Sp. 150; 20 in FZ. B. Ind.

A genus of Temperate climates; one other species occurs in the
Nilgiris.

G. asperifolium, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 1. 381 (1820).

Thw. Enum. 151. C. P. 1682.

Fl. B. Ind. ili. 207 (G. Mollugo).

Stems very slender, prostrate, rooting at the nodes below,
2 or 3 ft. long, weak, much-branched, 4-angled, glabrous or
very slightly rough on the angles; ]. 4-6 in a whorl, small,
4-4 in., sessile, lanceolate or linear-oblong, narrowed to base,
obtuse and cuspidate at apex, glabrous, with a few coarse
recurved prickles on midrib beneath, and on slightly recurved
margin; fl. solitary in axils of minute bracts, forming a small
dichotomous leafy inflor.; cor.-lobes ovate, sharply acuminate;
stam. much shorter than cor., erect; fruit glabrous, covered
with blunt warts all over.

Upper montane zone to 7ooo ft.; common. FI. August, September;
pale greenish-white.

Also in mountains of India.
In the FI. B. Ind. this is referred to the widely spread species (common

in England) G. Mollugo, L. Dries black.

Reba ee

tas

INDEX TO PARTS I. AND II.

BOTANICAL NAMES.

[Natural Orders are printed in small capitals; synonyms, introductions, errors, &c.,

Abelmoschus angulosus, Thw.

i. 156
Jiculneus, W. and A. 155
moschatus, Moench. 156
Aberia Gardneri, Clos. i. 74
Abrus precatorius, Z. ii. 57
pulchellus, Wall. 57
Abutilon asiaticum, G. Doz, i.

T44
crispum, G. Don, 146
graveolens, W. and A. 145
indicum, G. Don, 145
muticum, G. Doz, 145
polyandrum, W.and A. 144
Acacia arabica, W7d/d. ii. 122
ceesia, Wzlld. 127
Catechu, Thw. 125
concinna, DC. 127
eburnea, W7//d. 114
Farnesiana, Willd. 122
ferruginea, DC. 126
Intsza, Willd. 127
leucophleea, W7d/d. 125
pennata, W2d/d. 127
planifrons, W. and A. 123
scandens, Willd. 119
Suma, Kurz. 126
Sundra, DC. 125
tomentosa, W2d/d. 124
Acanthonotus echinatus,
Benth. ii. 21
Achyranthes corymbosa, L.i. 88
Acmena lanceolata, Thw. ii.
172
zeylanica, Thw. 171
Acranthera zeylanica, Arz. ii.

324
Acronychia laurifolia, BZ. i. 216
pedunculata, Walp. 216
Acrotrema bullatum, Zw. i. 7
dissectum, Thw. 8
Gardneri, Thw. 8
intermedium, 7hw. 8
lanceolatum, //Z, 8
lyratum, Thw. 9
sylvaticum, Thw. 8
Thwaitesii, /4. f. and Th. 9
uniflorum, //4. 7
Walkeri, Wight, 8

in italic type. |

Adenanthera bicolor, 1/07, ii.
120
pavonina, Z. 120
Adina cordifolia, Hz. f. ii. 203
a lasiopetala, Chozs.

Echnanive deltoidea, Arn. ii.
257
epigea, Arn. 258
seylanica, Thw. 259
AB giceras minus, Gaertn. ii. 1
Egle Marmelos, Corr. i. 229
eschynomene aspera, ZL. ii. 39
indica, Z. 38
pumila, L. 38
Sesban, L. 34.
Agasta indica, Miers, ii. 189
Aglaia apiocarpa, Azern, i.
245
odorata, Lour. 247
Roxburghiana, 142g. 246
Agrimonia Lupatorcum, Thw.
ii. 141
zeylanica, Joon, 141
Ailantus excelsa, Roxb. i. 230
malabarica, DC. 230
Alangium decapetalum, Lam.
ii. 285
glandulosum, Thw. 286
hexapetalum, Lam. 285
Lamarckii, Thw. 285
Albizzia amara, Bozv. ii. 130
Lebbek, Benth. 128
moluccana, Miq. 131
odoratissima, Bexth, 129
stipulata, Bozv. 129
Alchemilla indica, Gardn. ii.
140
vulgaris, Arn. 140
Allccophania Arnottiz, Hk. f.
ii. 30%
decipiens, Tw. 301
Allophylus Cobbe, 27. i. 303
hispidus, Zvzm. 303
zeylanicus, LZ, 302
Alphonsea lutea, Hk, f. and
Th. i. 36
sclerocarpa, Thw. 37
zeylanica, 1k. f. and Th. 36

Adansonia digitata, Li. 159 | Alsine nervosum, Moon, i. 87

Alsodeia decora, Trzm. i. 69
virgata, Hk. f. and Th. 69
zeylanica, Thw. 68

Alyssicarpus bupleurifolius,

DC. ii. 44
Heyneanus, Wight, 45
longifolius, W. and A. 45
monilifer, DC. 43
nummularifolius, DC. 44
rugosus, DC. 45
scariosus, Grah. 45
vaginalis, DC. 44

Ameletia indica, DC. ii. 223

Ammannia baccifera, Z. ii. 224
cordata, W. and A, 225
debilis, Ait. 224
lanceolata, Heyze, 225
octandra, LZ. f. 225
pentandra, Roxd, 224
peploides, Spreng. 223
Rotala, /. 7, 224
salicifolia, Thw. 225

Amoora Rohituka, W and A.

i, 249

Ampelocissus erioclada,

Planch. i. 289
tomentosa, Planch, 288

Amyris zeylanica, Retz. i. 239

ANACARDIACE, 1. 316

Anacardium occidentale, L., i.

SL hee
Anagallis esculenta, Mooh, i.

53 a
Anamirta paniculata, Coed. i.
40
toxifera, Miers, 40
Anaxagorea luxonensis, Gray,

i. 27
seylanica, Hk. f. and Th. 27
ANCISTROCLADE#, i, 138
Ancistrocladus Vahlii, Av. i.
138
Anemone rivularis, Zam. i. 3
Anisophyllea zeylanica, Benth.
li, 157
Anoda hastata, Cav. i. 141
Anogeissus latifolia, Wadd. ii.
162
Anona astatica, \..\. 32
muricata, Dun, 32

376

Anona reticulata, L. i. 32
squamosa, Lu. 32
ANONACEZ, 1. 16
Anotis nummularia, 2. f. ii.
318
nummulariformis, 7vzm. 319
quadrilocularis, Hz. 7. 318
Richardiana, A. 7. 319
Anstrutheria zeylanica,Gardn.
li. 156
Anthocephalus Cadamba, AZ.
ll, 293
Apodytes Gardneriana, /zers,
i. 262
Aquilicia Otillis, Gaertn. i. 296
Arachis fruticosa, Retz. ii. 36
ARALIACEA, ii. 281
Argemone mexicana, L. i. 52
Artabotrys odoratissimus, B7.
ih Br
zeylanicus, Hk. f. and Th. 22
Arthromischus armatus, Thw.
i. 22
Aspalathus indicus, VL. ii. 23
Atalantia Missionis, Olzv. i. 227
monophylla, Corr. 226
racemosa, W. and A. 226
zeylanica, Olzv. 227
Atragene zeylanica, L. i. 2
Atylosia albicans, Benth. ii. 78
Candollei, W. and A. 78
tugosa, W. and A. 79
scarabzeoides, Benth. 79
Averrhoa Bilimé?, L. i. 200
Carambola, LL. 200
Axanthes elliptica, Wight, ii.
326
seylanica, Wight, 326
Axinandra zeylanica, Tw. 231
Azadirachta indica, A. Juss. i.

244

Balanocarpus zeylanicus,
Trim. i. 130
Balanopteris Tothila, Gaertn.
i, 167
Balsamodendrum Berryi, Arz.
i. 237
caudatum, March. 236
Bannisteria bengalenszs, L. i.
LOST
Barringtonia acutangula,
Gaertn. il. 191
racemosa, B/. 189
speciosa, Forst. 189
zeylanica, Gardz. 190
Bauhinia acuminata, L. ii. 116
anguina, Roxb. 117
parviflora, Vahl, 116
purpurea, L. 117
racemosa; Lam. 116
tomentosa. Z. 116
Begonia cordifolia, Tw. ii, 262
dipetala, Grah. 264
malabarica, Lam. 264
rupestris, Moon, 263

Begonia subpeltata, Wzghz, ii.
264.
tenera, Dryand. 263
Thwaitesii, Hook. 264
BEGONIACEZ;, ii. 262
Benincasa cerifera, Savi, ii. 252
BERBERIDEA, i. 48
Berberis aristata, DC. i. 48
Berchemia parvifiora, Thw. i.
284
Bergera Koenigit, L, i. 220
nttida, Thw. 221
Bergiaammanioides, Roxd.i.g2
verticillata, W2z2/d. 92
Berrya Ammonilla, Roxé. i. 173
Bigamea, Koen. i. 138
Biophytum Candolleanum,
Wight, i. 198
intermedium, Wzght, 199
nervifolium, Tw. 198
nudum, Wzght, 198
proliferum, Wzghz, 199
sensitivum, DC. 197
Reinwardtiz, Hk. f. 198
Bixa Orellana, L. i. 70
BIXACEZ, i. 69
Blackwellia zeylanica, Gardn.
iil. 239
Blastania Garcini,Cogn.ii.260
Bocagea coriacea, Hk. f. and
Th. i. 34
obliqua Hz. f. and Th. 33
Thwaitesii, ZZ. f, and Th. 33
Bombax, Cezda, L. i. 160
gossypinum, L.. 70
malabaricum, DC. 160
pentandrum, L. 161%
Borreria ocymoides, DC. ii. 371
tetracocca, Thw. 302
Boswellia glabra, Roxb. i. 238
Brachypterum Benthamiz,
Thw. ii. 93
elegans, Thw. 92
scandens, WW. and A. 91
Brassica juncea, Ak. f. and
Wile, i At
Bruceasumatrana, Roxb. i. 231
Bruguiera caryophylloides, BZ.
ii. 154
gymnorhiza, Lam. 153
Bryonia cordifolia, L. ii. 248
deltoidea, Arn. 257
grandis, Willd. 247
laciniosa, Z. 254 ©
palmata, L. 241
palmata, Moon, 244
tubifiora, W. and A. 246
umbellata, Moon, 256
Bryophyllum calycinum, Sal.
li. 145
Buchananiaangustifolia, Rox.
i. 316
zeylanica, Bl. 317
Bupleurum falcatum, L. ii. 277
nervosum, Moon, 277
virgatum, W. and A. 277

Ludex to Botanical Names.

BURSERACEZ&, i. 235
Bursinopetalum arboreum,
Wight, ii. 287

tetrandrum, Wight, 287

Butea frondosa, Koez. ii. 66
superba, Roxb. 67

Butonica racemosa, Juss. ii. 189
zeylanica, Miers, 190

Byrsophyllum ellipticum, Bedd.

li. 329

CACTACEZ, ii. 266
Cactus pendulus, Willd. ii. 266
Cadaba indica, Lam. i. 60
trifoliata, W. and A. 59
Cezesalpinia Bonduc, Rox. 11. 98
Bonducella, Flem. 99
Corzaria, Thunb, 10r
digyna, Fott/. 100
Gleniez, Thw. Lor
mimosordes, Lam. 100
Nuga, Azz. 99
paniculata, Roxb. 99
pulcherrima, Sw. 99
Sappan, i. 99
seplaria, Roxb. 100
Cajanus indicus, Spreng, ii. 80
Calliandra (?) geminata,
Benth. ii. 131
Callitriche stagnalis, Scop. ii.
149
verna, Thw. 149
Calophyllum acuminatum,
Moon, i. 102
angustifolium, Roxb. Loz
bracteatum, 7w. 102
Burmanni, Wzght, 99
Calaba, L. 99
cordato-oblongum, Zw, 103
cuneifolium, Zw. to2
decipiens, Thw. 102
elatum, Bedd. tor
Inophyllum, Z. too
Moonzz, Wight, 99
pulcherrimum, Wal/. 100
spectabile, Wzl/d. 99
Thwaitesii, P27. and Tri. 102
tomentosum, Wzghé, rot
trapezifolium, Tw. 103
Walkerii, Wzght, 104
Calyptranthes caryophyliata,
Pers. ii. 174
caryophyllifolia, Moon, 179
cordtfolia, Moon, 176
Cuminz, Moon, 179
Jambolana, Moon, 175
Cambogia Gutta, L. 1. 96
Camellia Thea, Link. i, 112
Campnosperma zeylanicum,
Thw. i. 326
Cananga odorata, Hk. f. and
Th. i, 22
Canavalia ensiformis, DC. ii. 67
gladiata, DC. 67
obtusifolia, DC. 68
virosa, W. and A. 67

Index to Botanical Names.

Canarium dalsamiferum,
Moon, i. 239
brunneum, Bedd, 238
commune, L. 240
zeylanicum, B/. 239
Cansjera Rheedii, Gmel. i. 259
scandens, Roxb. 259
Canthium campanulatum,
Thw. ii. 345
didymum, Gaertn. f. 343
lanceolatum, An. 343
macrocarpum. Thw. 345
montanum, 7hw. 343
parviflorum, Lam. 346
puberulum, 7hw. 344
Rheedii, DC. 344
CAPPARIDEA, i. 54
Capparis drevispina, Thw. i. 61
divaricata, Lam. 61
floribunda, Wzght, 64
grandis, LZ. f 63
Heyneama, Wadd. 61
horrida, Z. f. 64
Moonii, Wzght, 62
pedunculosa, Wail. 63
retusella, Thw. 64
Roxburghii, DC. 62
sepiaria, Z. 64
tener, Dalz. 65
tetrasperma, Thw. 65
zeylanica, LZ, 61
CAPRIFOLIACE2, ii. 288
Capsella Bursa-Pastoris,
Moench. i. 54
Carallia calycina, Benth. ii. 155
integerrima, DC. 155
seylanica, Arn. 155
Caranda pedunculata, Gaertn.

i. 343
Carapa moluccensis, Lam. i.
251
Cardamine africana, L. i. 53
subumbellata, Hz. f. 53
Cardiospermum canescens,
Wall. i. 300
Corindum, ZL. 300
Helicacabum, ZL. 299
Careya arborea, Roxb. ii. 191
Carria speciosa, Chois. i. 111
Carum zothum, Cl. ii. 278
Roxburghianum, Benth. 278
Stictocarpum, C/. 278
Caryolobis indica, Gaertn. i.
119
CARYOPHYLLACE®, i. 84
Casearia Championii, Thw. ii.
237
coriacea, Thw. 237
esculenta, Roxb. 237
qvata, Moon, 237
tomentosa, Koxb, 238
varians, Thw. 237
zeylanica, Thw. 237
Cassia Absus, L. ii, 109
alata, Li, 108
angustissima, Lam, 110

Cassia auriculata, Z. ii. 106
Fistula, Z. 103
florida, Vahl, 108
glauca, Lam. 109
hirsuta, L. 106
Kleinii, 1’. avd A. 110
levigata, Willd. 106
marginata, Roxb. 104
mimosoides, Z. 110
obtusa, Roxb. 107
occidentalis, Z. 105
pumila, LL. 110
Roxburghiz, DC. 104
siamea, Lam. 108
Sophera, Z. 105
sumatrana, Roxh. 108
Tagera, Moon, 105
timoriensis, DC. 108
tomentosa, Li. 106
Tora, Z.106
Wallichiana, DC. 110
Catenaria laburnifolia, Benth.
li. 48
Catha emarginata, G. Don, i.
273
fruticosa, Thw. 273
Cathartocarpus Fistula, Pers.
lil. 103
rosea, Moon, 104
Ceanothus asiaticus, L. 1. 285
seylanicus, Heyne, 284
Cedrela serrata, Royle, i. 252
Toona, Roxb. 252
CELASTRACE, i. 266
Celastrus glaucus, Vahl, 271
paniculatus, Wzd/d. 272
Centrosema Plumiert, Benth.

ii. 75
Cephalandra indica, Naud. ii.
247
Cerasiocarpum Bennetiiz,
Cogn. ii. 259
zeylanicum, CZ, 259
Cerastium indicum, W. and
A, i. 85
vulgatum, Z. 85
Ceriops Candolleana, Ava. ii.
152
Roxburghiana, Arn. 153
Chailletia sumatrana, J/zg. i.
254 ,
CHAILLETIACEZ i, 253
Chasaliacurviflora, Thw. ii. 362
Chickrassia tabularis, A. Juss,
1. 252
velutina, Roem, 252
Chloroxylon Swietenia, DC, i.
a eee
Cipadessa fruticosa, BZ, i. 245
Cissampelos convolvulacea,
Moon, i. 41
delicatula, Miers, 47
grallatoria, Miers, 47
hernandifolia, Willd. 45
Pareira, LZ. 46
subpeltata, Miers, 47

37f

Cissus acuminata, Thw. i. 292
adnata, Roxb. 290
angulata, Lam. 29%
carnosa, Lam. 294
edulis, Dalz. 289
Gardnerz, Thw. 293
glauca, Thw. 292
glycosmoides, Planch. 297
elyptocarpa, Thw. 289
lanceolaria, Roxb. 296
latifolia, Moon, 292
lonchiphylla, Thw. 290
pallida, Planch, 291
pedata, Lam. 295
guadrangularis, L. 289
repens, Thw. 291
reticulata, Thw. 294
retinervia, Planch. 294
seto-a, Roxb, 296
tenuctfolza, Heyne, 295
Thwaitesiz, Planch. 290
trilobata, Lam. 293
verrucosa, Moon, 297
vetigened, Li. 291

Cistus lobatus, Moon, i. 70

Citrullus Colocynthis, Schrod,

li. 253
vulgarés, Schrod. 253

Citrus Hystrix, DC. i. 228
Limonellus, Hassk. 228
tuberoides, J. W. Benn. 228

Clausena indica, Olzv. i. 22
Willdenowii, W. axd A. 222

Clematis Gouriana, Roxdé. i. 2
smilacifolia, Wadd. x

Cleome aspera, oem. i. 56
Burmanni, W. and A. 56
Chelidonii, Z. 7, 56
dodecandra, L, 56
felina, L. f, 56
gynandra, Li. 57
zcosandra, lL. 57
monophylla, Z. 55
pentaphylla, L. 57
tenella, L. f. 55
viscosa, L. 57 i

Cleyera emarginata, Gardn. 1.

108
eymnanthera,W.and A. 107
lastopetala, Wight, 108

Clitoria ternatea, Z. ii. 75

Coccinea indica, W. and A. ii.

247 :

Cocculus Burmanni, DC. i. 47
orbiculatus, Moon, 46
macrocarpus, W, and A. 43
villosus, DC. 44.

Cochlospermum

DC. i. 70

Coffea arabica, L, ii. 353
travancorensis, W. and A.

352
triflora, Moon, 352
Wightiana, Wall. 353

Colubrina asiatica, Brongn, i.

285

Gossypium,

378

COMBRETACEZ, ii. 158
Combretum acuminatum,
Roxb. ii. 163
extensum, Roxd. 164
ovalifolium, Roxd. 163
platyphyllum, Van Heurck,

164
sarcopterum, Thw. 163
Thwattesianum, Van
Heurck, 163

Wightianum, Thw. 163, 164
Commiphora caudata, Engl. i.
236
CONNARACE#, ii. 1
Connarusaszaticus, Willd. ii. 2
Championii, Tw. 3
monocarpus, Z. 2
pinnatus, Lam. 2
santalotdes, Vahl, 1
untfolzatus, Thw. 3
Conocarpus latifolia, Roxb, ii.
162
Corallocarpus epigzeus,
Clarke, ii. 258
Corchorus acutangulus, Lam.
i. 183
capsularis, Z. 181
fascicularis, Zam. 183
olitorius, Z. 182
tridens, Z. 183
urticeefolius, W. and A. 182
CORNACEZ, ii. 285
Coscinium fenestratum,
Colebr. i. 41
Cracca maxima, L. ii. 32
purpurea, L. 3
senticosa, L. 30
tinctorza, L. 31
villosa, L. 33
CRASSULACES, ii. 143
Cratzeva Roxburghii, Br. i. 59
Crotalaria albida, Heyze, ii. 12
anthylloides, \W. and A. 14
bifaria, Lf. 11
biflora, Z. 9
calycina, Schrank, 14
clavata, W. and A. 19
evolvuloides, Wight, 10
ferruginea, Grah. 10
fulva, Roxb. 17
zncana, L. 18
juncea, Z. 16
laburnifolia, Z. 19
linifolia, Z. f. 13
lunulata, Heyne, 17
medicaginea, Lam. 18
multiflora, Bexth. 11
mysorensis, Roth. 12
nana, Burm. 13
nummularia, Willd. 9
prostrata, Roxb. 9
quinquefolia, Z. 19
Tetusa, Z. 1
rubiginosa, W2Z/d. 11
semperfiorens, Vent. 16
striata, DC. 18

Crotalaria tecta, Heyne, ii. 14
triquetra, Dalz. 12
umbellata, Wight, 13
verrucosa, Z. 15
Walkeri, Arn. 16
Wightiana, Grah. 1%
Willdenowitana, DC. 18

CRUCIFERZ&, 1. 52

Crudia zeylanica, Benth. ii. 113

Ctenolepis Garcini, Clarke, ii.

260

Cucumis Lufa, L. ii. 252
pubescens, W2d/d. 250
maderaspatanus, Moon, 250
maderaspatanus, 1. 254
trigonus, Roxb. 250

CUCURBITACEA, il. 242

Cullenia excelsa, Wight, i. 162

Cyanospermum tomentosum,

W. and A. ii. 84

Cyathocalyx zeylanicus,

Champ. i. 20

Cyclea Burmanni, Jzevs, i. 47
peltata, Hk. f. and Th. 47

Cylista tomentosa, Roxb. ii. 84

Cyminosma Ankenda, Gaertn.

i. 216
pedunculata, DC. 216

Cynometraramifiora, Z.1i. III

caulifiora, 1. 112

Dalbergia arborea, Willd. ii.

QI
Championii, Tw. ii. 88
Srondosa, Roxb. 88
lanceolaria, LZ. f. 88
lanceolarza, Moon, 97
latifolia, Roxb. 88
monosperma, Dalz. 89
Mooniana, Thw. 97
volubtlis, Roxb. 89
seylanica, Roxb. 88
DATISCACE, ii. 265
Delima sarmentosa, Z. i. 5
Dendrolobium Cephalotes,
Benth. ii. 47
umbellatum, Benth. 47
Dentella repens, Fus¢. ii. 298
Derris Benthamii, Thw. ii. 93
oblonga, Benth. 93
paniculata, Benth. 93
parviflora, Benth. 92
robusta, Benth. 92
scandens, Benxth. 91
sinuata, Bezth. 94
uliginosa, Bezth, 92
Desmanthus cinereus, Willd. ii.
121
virgatus, Willd. 122
Desmodium biarticulatum,
Benth. ii. 48
cajanefolium, DC. 52
capitatum, DC. 53
catentferum, Arn. 48
Cephalotes, Wad/. 47
diffusum, DC. 52

Index to Botanical Names.

Desmodium ferrugineum,
Wall. ii. 52
gangeticum, DC. 51
Gardneri, Benth. 50
gyrans, DC. 56
gyroides, DC. 56
heterocarpum, DC. 53
heterophyllum, DC. 55
jucundum, 7Thw. 54
laburnifolium, DC. 48
latifolium, DC. 51
letocarpum, Don, 52
ormocarpoides, DC. 49
parviflorum, DC. 55
podocarpum, Thw. 50
polycarpum, DC. 53
pulchellum, Bezzth. 48
rufescens, DC, 52
Scalpe, DC. 50
strangulatum, W. and A.
50, 51
Thwaitesii, Baker, 51
triflorum, DC. 54
triquetrum, DC. 49
umbellatum, DC. 47
Wightii, Grah. 52
Weatlkeri, Arn. 52
Detaritum zeylanicum, Thw.
ii, 113
Dialium ovoideum, Yhw. ii.
Ii2
Dicellostyles axillaris, Benth.
i, I50
Dicerma biarticulatum, DC.
ii. 48
Dichilanthe zeylanica, TAw. ii.

339
Dichrostachys cinerea, W. and
A. il, 121
Dillenia aguatica, Moon, i. 11
dentata, Thunb, 11
indica, Z. 12
integra, Thunb. 13
retusa, Thunb. 13
DILLENIACE4, i. 5 ©
Dimocarpus pupilla, Moon, i.
309
Dioclea Fergusoniz, Thw. ii. 69
teflexa, Hk. 7. 69
Diploclisia inclyta, Miers, i. 43
Diplospora Dalzellii, 2. 7. il.
336
erythrospora, Bedd. 336
DIPTEROCARPACE4, 1. 112
Dipterocarpus glandulosus,
Thw. 1. 115
hispidus, Zzw. 114
insignis, Zw. 116
oblongifoltus, Thw. 114
oblongus, A. DC. 114
scabridus, Zw. 115
turbinatus, Goertn. f. 115
turbinatus, Moon, 114.
zeylanicus, Thw. 114
Discospermum Dalszellzz, Thw.
ii. 336

Index to Botanical Names.

Discospermum erythrosporum,
Thw. 336
Spherocarpa, Bedd. 336
Discostigma acuminatum, FI.
and Tri. i. 98
seylanicum, F\. and Tri. 97
Dittelasma Rarak, Hk. f. i. 300
Dodonzxa Burmanniana, DC.
i. 312
viscosa, Z. 312
Dolichos a/éus, Moon, ii 77
biforus, L. 77
ciliatus, K7ezz, 77
falcatus, K/ezn, 77
gladiatus, Jacq. 67
Lablab, Z. 76
luteus, Moon, 73
medicagineus, Lam. 84
prurzens, L. 62
purpureus, Moon, 76
rotundifoltus, Moon, 67
scarabeoides, L. 79
unifiorus, Lam. 76
vtrosus, Roxb. 67
Doona affinis, Tw. i. 120
congestifiora, Thw. 122
cordifolia, Tw. 122
Gardneri, Tw. 121
macrophylla, Thw. 124
nervosa, 7hw. 121
oblonga, Thw. 123
ovalifolia, Thw. 123
trapezifolia, Tw. 121
venulosa, Tw. 123
zeylanica, Thw. 119
Drosera Burmanni, Vahl, ii.145
indica, Z. 146
lunata, Ham. 146
peltata, Sm. 146
rotundifolia, L. 145
DROSERACE:, ii. 145
Drymaria cordata, W22/d. i. 87
Dumasia pubescens, DC. ii. 58
villosa, DC. 58
Dunbaria ferruginea, W. and
A. ii. 80
Heynei, W. and .4. 80
oblonga, Arn. 80
Durio zeylanicus, Gardn. i. 162
zibethinus, Moon, 162
Dysodidendron zeylanicum,
Thw. ii. 369
Dysoxylum_ binectariferum,
Hk. f. i. 247
Championii, Hk. f. & Th. 248
macrocarpum, Thw. 247

Lccremanthus eximius, Thw.
i. 310
Elzocarpus amoenus, 7hw. i.
185
copalliferus, Retz. 13%
coriaceus, Uk. 186
cuncatus, Willd. 185
glandulifer, Mast. 187
integrifolius, Lam. 185

Elzeocarpus zzdegrzfolius,
Moon, ii. 156
montanus, 7hw. i. 186
obovatus, A7vz. 186
serratus, Z. 184
subvillosus, Arz. 186
zeylanicus, Mast. 187
Elzodendron glaucum, Pers.
127.0
ELATINE&, i. 92
Eleiotis sororia, DC. 40
Ellipanthus Thwaitesii, Hz. 7.

li. 3

untfoliatus, Hk. f. 3
Entada scandens, Ben¢h. ii. 119
Lpithinia malayana, Jack, ii.

337
Eriodendron anfractuosum,
DC. i. 161
orientale, Steud. 161
Eriosema chinense, Vog. ii. 81
Erythrina corallodendrum, L.
ii. 63
indica, Lam. 63
lithosperma, Bl. 64.
ovalifolia, Rox. 64
picta, Moon, 64
suberosa, Roxb. 64
Erythrospermum phytolac-
coides, Gardn. i. 72
Erythroxylon lanceolatum, 2.
f. i. 19
lucidum, JZoon, 191
monogynum, fox). 190
obtusifolium, Hz. f, 192
Eucalyptus, ii. 166
Eugenia acutangula, L. ii. 191
amoena, Zw. 186
androsemoides, Bedd. 176
aprica, Z77im. 186
aquea, Burm. 169
assimilis, Duth. 176
bracteata, Roxb. 182
capitellata, Arm. 211
concinna, Thw. 188
cordifolia, Wzght, 176
corymbosa, Lam. 174
cyclophylla, Zw. 177
cylindrica, Wight, 171
decora, Thw. 185
Fergusoni, 77im. 172
floccifera, Thw. 183
fulva, Thw. 184
grandis, Wzght, 170
Gardneri, Duth, 174
Heeckeliana, 7rim. 181
hemisphzerica, Wight, 170
hypoleuca, Thw. 180
insignis, Thw. 185
Jambolana, Lam. 179
Jambos, 1. 170
lanceolata, Lam, 172
lissophylla, Duth. 173
lucida, Lam. 180
mabzeoides, Wight, 186
matlaccensis, 1. 170

379

Eugenia Michelli, Zam. ii. 188.
micrantha, Duth. 175
Mooniana, Wight, 187
Neesiana, Wzght, 177
oligantha, Duzh. 178
olivifolia, Duth. 178
operculata, Roxb. 179
pedunculata, 772m. 187
phillyreeoides, Trzm. 183
racemosa, 1. 189
revoluta, Wzght, 175
rivulorum, Zw. 184
rotundata, 7rzm. 185
rotundifolia, Wzght, 177
tufofulva, Thw. 183
sclerophylla, Duzth. 178
spicata, Lam. 171
subavenis, Duth. 172
sylvestris, Moon, 169
sylvestris, Weght, 175
terpnophylla, Zw. 181
Thwaitesii, Duth. 188
Willdenoviz, Wight, 182
xanthocarpa, Tw. 182
zeylanica, Wight, 171
zeylanica, Willd. 188
seylanica, Roxb. 182

Euodia Roxburghiana, Bexth.

i. 214
triphylla, Thw. 214
Euonymus dichotomus, Thw.
i. 267
revolutus, Wight, 267
Thwaitesii, Laws. 267
Walkeri, Wight, 267
seylanicus, Moon, 267
Euphoria Gardneri, Thw. i
309
Longana, Lam. 309
Eupyrena glabra, W. and A.
li. 338

Eurya acuminata, DC. i. 110
chinensis, By. 109
elliptica, Gardn. 109
japonica, Thunb. 109
lasiopetala, Gardn. 108
parvifolia, Gardn. 109
membranacea, Gardn. L1o
zeylanica, Wight, 109

Evia amara, Comm. i. 327

FagaraLunu-ankenda, Gaertn,

i. 214
triphylla, Roxb. 214
Fergusonia 7waztesiz, Hk. f
ii. 302
zeylanica, /Tk. f. 302
Feronia elephantum, Cory, i.
228

FICOIDE, il. 267

Filicium decipiens, 7iw. i. 24

Firmiana colorata, Br. i. 166

Flacourtia Cataphracta, Roxb,

1. 73
inermis, Roxb. 73
Ramontchi, Sher. 73
sepiaria, Koxd. 73

380

Flemingia 6zfora, Moon, ii. 83
congesta, Roxb. 87
lineata, Roxb. 87
polysperma, Moon, 41
semzialata, Roxb. 87
strobilifera, Br. 86
viscosa, Moon, 85
Fragaria vesca, L. 138
193
Gaertnera racemosa, Roxb. i.
Galactia tenuiflora, W. and
Al, itis OR
Galega maxima, L. i. 32
purpurea, Li. 31
tinctoria, Li. 31
villosa, V4. 33
Galium asperifolium, W/Z. ii.

373
Garcinia Cambogia, Desr. i. 95
echinocarpa, Tw. 96
Morella, Desv. 96
Papilla, Wight, 95
guesita, Piene, 95
spicata, Hk. f. 98
terpnophylla, Tw. 97
Thwaztesiz, Piene, 98
seylanica, Roxb. 95, 96
Gardenia carinata, Thw. ii. 333
coronaria, Ham. 333
latifolia, Azt. 332
Jragrans, Moon, 331
turgida, Roxb. 333
uliginosa, Retz. 330
Garuga brunnea, March. i. 238
Geissaspis cristata, W. and A.
rth,
Eeauiee reniformis, D. Dox,
ii. 363
GERANIACEZ, i. 195
Geranium nepalense, Sweet, 1.
195
Gisekia pharnaceoides, L. 11.273
Gleniea zeylanica, 2. 7. i. 305
Glinus dictamnoides, L. 11. 270
Glycine javanica, LZ. li. 59
labialis, L. f. 60
mollis, WW. and A. 60
parviflora, Lam. 60
tenutfiora, Willd. 65
villosa, Moon, 77
viscida, Willd. 41
Glycosmis arborea, DC. i. 217
bilocularis, Tw. 218
pentaphylla, Corr. 217
Glycycarpus racemosa, Dalz. i.
325
Glyptopetalum zeylanicum,
Thw. i. 268
Gomphandra axillaris, WadZ.
i, 261
coriacea, Wight, 261
Gomphia angustifolia, Va, i.
235
seylanica, DC. 235
Goniothalamus Gardneri, HA.
J: and Th. i. 30

Goniothalamus Hookeri, 7zw.
i. 30
reticulatus, Zw. 31
salicinus, Hk, f. and Th. 31
Thomsoni, Zw. 31
Thwaitesi, Hz. f.and Th. 29
Walkeri, zk. f. and Th. 30
Gordonia elliptica, Gardz, 1.
Lit
speciosa, Chozs. 11
zeylanica, Wzght, 110
Gossypium barbadense, Li. 159
herbaceum, LL. 159
obtustfolium, Roxb. 159
Gouania microcarpa, DC, i.
286
Grewia asiatica, Z. i. 174
bracteata, Hleyne, 175
columnaris, S77. 174
diptocarpa, Thw. 175
helicterifolia, Thw. 177
hirsuta, Vahl, 176
microcos, L. 177
orbiculata, Rottl. 175
orientalis, Z 176
polygama, Aoxd. 177
populifoiia, Vah/, 178
rotundifolia, Thw. 174.
tilizefolia, Vahl, 175,
Grifithia fragrans, W. and
fe Thy BEI
Gardneri, Thw. 331
rugulosa, Thw. 331
Grislea tomentosa, Willd. ii. 226
Grumilea affints, Thw. ii. 359
elongata, Wight, 359
Gardneri, Thw. 358
Mooniz, Thw. 360
nigra, Gaertn. 358
nudipfiora, Thw. 358
stenophyila, 357
Wightiana, Hk. f. 358
Guatteria coffeoides, Thw. i.
24
Korintz, Dun. 25
longifolia, Thw. 24
montana, Moon, 34
persicifolia, Hk. f. and Th.
26
suberosa, Dun. 25
Guazuma tomentosa, Kunth.
hy Typ
Guettarda speciosa, ZL. i. 338
Gutlandina Bouduc, L. ii. 98
GUTTIFERA, i. 94
Gymnopetalum ¢ubzflorum,
Cogn. ii. 247
Wightii, Arz. 246
Gymnosporia emarginata, HA.
ff i. 273
fruticosa, Hk. f. 273
Gynandropsis pentaphylla,
Gai,
speciosa, DC. 58

Gynostemma laxa, Cog. ii. 260

pedata, Trim. 260

Index to Botanical Names.

Gyrocarpus aszaticus, Willd,
li. 165
Jacquini, Roxb, 165

HALORAGEAZ!,, ii. 147
Hlaloragis oligantha, Arn. ii.

147
oligantha, Wight, 149
Harpalosia Leflingiw, Wall. i.
8

7
Harpullia imbricata, Thw. i.
311
Hebradendron cambogiozdes,
Grah. i. 96
Fledera acuminata, Wight, ii.
282
emarginata, Moon, 284
exaltata, Thw. 284.
racemosa, Wight, 283
terebinthacea, Vahl, 283
Vahtliz, Thw. 283
Hedyotis Auricularia, Z.ii. 313
Burmanniana, Br. 314, 315
cerulea, W. and A. 312
cinereo-viridis, Tw. 308
coprosmoides, 772m. 306
cyanescens, Zw. 313
cymosa, Zw. 305
evenia, Zw. 304
fruticosa, LZ. 304
Gardneri, Tw. 310
herbacea, Lu. 315
Heynit, Br. 315
inamoena, Thw, 313
Lawsoniz, W. and A. 310
Lessertiana, A772. 309
Macrei, Hz. f. 305
macrophylla, Thw. 307
maritima, Moon, 316
membranacea, Tw. 306
monosperma, W. and A. 319
Neestana, Arn. 312
nitida, W. and A. 312
nodulosa, Arz. 307 |
nummularia, Arn. 318
nummulariformts, AM. 319
obscura, Zw. 305, 306
paniculata, L. 317
plantaginifolza, Arn. 311
guadrilocularis, Thw. 318
quinquenervia, 7Zw. 310
racemosa, Lam. 317
rhinophylla, TZw. 308
Richardiana, Hk. f, 319
Thwaitesii, Wk. 7, 307
trinervia, R. and S$. 316
umbellata, Lam. 316
verticillaris, W. awd A. 311
Walkeri, Arn. 307
Hedysarum biarticulatum, L.
ii. 48
conjugatum, Willd, ii. 35
diphyllum, Li. 35
gyrans, L. f. 56
gangeticum, Iu. 53
hamatum, L. 36

Index to Botanical Names.

Hledysarum heterocarpum, L.

3
pay, Willd. 55
montliferum, L. ii. 43
mucronatum, Bl. 52
nummularifolium, L. 21
pulchellum, L. 48
sennozdes, Willd. 39
strobiliferum, L. 86
triqguetrum, L. 49
triflorum, L. 54
umbellatum, L. 47
vaginale, L. 44
viscidum, L. 41
Helicteres Isora, Z. i. 168

Flelosciadium Heyneanum,
DC. 279
Hemigyrosa canescens, Thw.

i, 301
deficiens, Bedd. 302
trichocarpa, Thw. 301

Heptapleurum emarginatum,

Seem. ii. 284
exaltatum, Seem. 284
racemosum, Bedd. 283
stellatum, Gaertn, 283

Heracleum zepalense, Don, ii.

280
Sprengelianum, Thw. 280
zeylanicum, Gardz. 280

Heritiera littoralis, Dryand, i.

167
Heylandia latcbrosa, DC. ii.
8

Hibiscus Abelmoschus, Z. i.
156
angulosus, Mast. 156
cannabinus, L. 154
collinus, Roxd. 152
ficulneus, Z. 155
furcatus, Roxb. 152
Lampas, Cav. 158
lunariifolius, Wzd/d. 153
micranthus, Z. f. 153
pandurzeformis, Burm. 154
populneus, L. 158
vigidus, L. f. 153
Sabdariffa, 1.. 154
Solandra, ZL’ Herit. 155
surattensis, Z, 152
tiliaceus, ZL. 157
vitifolius, Z. 154
zeylanicus, L. 149
Hippocratea Arnottiana, Wz.
i. 275
indica, Willd. 276
obtusifolia, Roxb. 275
“iriditora, Moon, 275
Hiptage Madablota, Gaertn.
i. 193
parvifolia, W. and A. 193
Hugonia ferruginea, W. and
A. i. 1g0
Mystax, L. 189
Homalium zeylanicum, Benth.
ii. 239

Hopea cordifolia, Zrzm. i.
126
discolor, Tw. 125
jucunda, 7hw. 125
Humboldtia laurifolia, Vak,
li. 115
Hydnocarpus alpina, Wéghd,
i. 76

ib GA
znebrians, Vahl, 75
octandra, Thw. 76
venenata, Gaertn. 75
Hydrocera angustifolia, BZ, i.
212
trifiora, W. and A, 212
Hydrocotyle usiatica, L. ii. 276
capitata, Moon, 275
nepalensis, Ak. 275
nittidula, Ak. 275
javanica, Thunb, 275
rotundifolia, Roxb. 275
seylanica, DC. 275
Hydrophylax maritima, Z. 7.
li. 370
HYPERICACE#, i. 93
Hypericum a@urztum, Moon,
1. 93
canpestre, Moon, 93
humifusum, L. 94
japonicum, Thunb. 93
mysorense, H/eye, 93
Hlypserpa cuspidata, Miers, i.

42
paucifiora, Miers, 43
uniflora, Miers, 43

Lfyptianthera macrocarpa,

Thw. ii. 334

Tex denticulata, Wall. i. 265
Walkeri, Wight and
Gardn. 264
Wightiana, Wall. 265
ILICINEA, i. 264
Impatiens acaulis, Arz. i. 201
appendiculata, Arz. 209
Arnottii, Tw. 211
Belsamina, Z. 203
biglandulosa, Moon, 208
bipartita, Arn. 203
brevicornu, Arn. 205
bulbosa, Moon, 201
cornigera, Arn, 210
cornuta, 1, 203
cuspidata, W. and A, 202
elongata, Avm. 210
fasciculata, Lum. 201
flaccida, Arn. 206
gibbosa, Arn. 205
glandulifera, Arn. 203
andis, Heyne, 209
enslowiana, Arn, 207
Hookeriana, Arn. 208
janthina, Zw. 207
latifolia, L. 202, 203, 206
leptopoda, Arn. 205
Leschenaultiz, Wall. 206
leucantha, Thw. 209

38%

Impatiens linearis, A772. 209
macrophylla, Gardz. 204
oppositifolia, Z. 202
repens, Joon, 205
rosmarinifolia, Retz. 202
serrata, Moon, 202
subcordata, Arz. 208
tenella, Heyne, 202
trijiora, L. 211
truncata, Thw. 206
Walkeri, Hz. 211

Indigofera Aznz/, L. ii. 27
aspalathoides, Vahl, 23
constricta, Trim. 27
echinata, W2dld. 21
enneaphylla, Z. 22
flaccida, Koen. 25
galegoides, DC. 28
glabra, Z. 23
hirsuta, Z. 26
znamena, Thw. 27
linifolia, Refz. 22
parviflora, Heyne, 26
paucifolia, Ded. 25
pentaphylla, L. 23
subulata, Pozr. 25
tenuifolia, Roftl. 24
tinctoria, Z. 26
trifoliata, Z. 24
trita, Z. ff 25
viscosa, Lam. 24
Wightii, Grah. 27

Tonidium ramosissimum, 7%.

i. 68
suffruticosum, Gz2g..67
Lsauxis Roxburghiana, Thw.
i, 128
Ixora acuminata, Thw. ii.

347
alba, L. 348
calycina, Thw. 347
coccinea, Z. 348
jucunda, Zw. 348
parviflora, Vahd, 348
Thwaitesii, Hz. f. 347

Jambolifera pedunculata, in
7, 216; il. 180

Jambosa aguea, DC, ii. 169
cylindrica, Thw. 17%

Jonesia Asoka, Roxb. ii. 114

pinnata, Willd. 114
Julostylis angustifolia, Tw. i,
150
Jussizea erecta, L. il. 233
parviflora, Moon, 234.
repens, LZ. 233
suffruticosa, L. 233
villosa, Lam, 233

Kadsura Wightiana, Avm.i.16
Kalanchoe floribunda, W, and
A, ii. 144
laciniata, DC. 144
Kandelia Rheedez, W, and A,

il. 153

382 Index to Botanical Names.

Kanilia caryophylloides, Bl.
ii. 154
Kayea cuspidata, Pl. and Tri.
i, 104
stylosa, Tw. 104
Kendrickia Walkeri, #2. 7. ii.
200
Kleinhovia Hospita, \. 1. 167
Knoxia corymbosa, Thw. ii.
34° é
corymbosa, W2d/d. 340
hirsuta, Arm. 342
mollis, W. and A. 340
platycarpa, Ar7.341
stricta, Gaertn. 340, 341
zeylanica, L. 341
Koon, Gaertn. i. 304
Kokoona zeylanica, Zhw. i.
270
Kurrimia zeylanica, Arz, i.
2/5 an
Kydia angustifolia, Arn. i. 150
axillaris, Thw. 150

Lablab vulgaris, Savi, ii. 76

Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. ii.
247

Lagerstreemia Flos-reginz,
Retz, ii. 228

Lagunea lobata, Willd. i. 155

Lasianthera apicalis, Zw. 1.
260

Lasianthus dubzus, Wight, ii.

35S ae
Gardneri, Hk. f. 366
Moonii, Wzght, 364
obliquus, 7w. 367
oliganthus, Zw. 366
protractus, Thw. 365, 367
rhinophyllus, Zw. 365
strigosus, Thw. 365, 366
strigosus, Wzght, 367
Thwaitesii, Hz. 7. 365
varians, Tw. 368
Walkerianus, Thw. 367
Walkerianus, Wight, 365
Lavallea zeylanica, Baill, i.
257 :
Lawsonia alba, Lam. ii. 228
znermts, 1. 228
spinosa, L. 228
Leea Ozzllis, DC. i. 297
sambucina, W2d/d. 297
Staphylea, Roxb. 297
LEGUMINOS4A, ii. 4
Lespedeza indica, Spreng. ii. 32
Leucocodon reticulatum,
Gardn. ii. 325
Leucena glauca, Benth. ii. 122
Limacia cuspidata, Hz. f. and

Th. i. 42
Limonia aczdissima, Auct. i,
223

acidissima, L, 228
alata, W. and A. 223
arborea, Roxb, 217

LimoniaCzzzamomum, Moon,
i. 223
citrifolta, Moon, 227
crenulata, Roxb. 223
misstonts, Wall. 227
monophylla, 1. 227
pentaphylla, Roxb. 217
pusilla, Gaertn. 71
LINACEZ, i. 188
Linum mysorense, Heyne, i.
188
Liriodendrum lilitfera, Moon,
nh i
Ludvigia opposztzfolza, L. ii.
234
parviflora, Roxb, 234
prostrata, Roxb. 234
Luffa acutangula, Po-xd. ii. 252
zegyptiaca, AZi//. 251
cylindrica, Roem. 251
pentandra, Roxb. 251
Lumnitzera racemosa, W2d/d.
li, 162
Luvunga eleutherandra, Dads.
i, 224
scandens, Thw. 224
LYTHRACE#, ii. 222
Lythrum Pemphis, 1. f. ii. 227

Meerua arenaria, Hk. f. and
Th. i. 58
oblongifolia, Thw. 58
MAGNOLIACE&, i. 14
Mallea Rothit, A. Juss. i. 245
MALPIGHIACE, i. 192
Malva tomentosa, L. 1. 143
MALVACE4&, i. 140
Malvastrum tricuspidatum,
A. Gray, i. 140
Mangifera zzdzca, L. i. 318
indica, Thw. 317
zeylanica, HR. f. 317
Mangostana Cambogia,
Gaertn. i. 95
Morella, Gaertn. 96
Mappia Championiana, Miers,
1. 263
fetida, Thw. 262
Gardneriana, Miers, 262
ovata, Mzers, 262
Marumia zeylanica, Bl. ii. 208
Mastixia arborea, Clarke, ii.
287
tetrandra, Clarke, 287
Medinilla fuchsioides, Gardz.
li. 208
maculata, Gardn. 209
Meesta serrata, Gaertn. i. 235
Melastoma asperum, L. ii. 195
buxtfolta, Moon, 197
ellipticum, Naud. 200
Malabathricum, Z. 199
octandra, L.. 199
repens, Moon, 198
Royenzz, Bl. 200
MELASTOMACEAZ,, ii. 192

Melia Azadirachta, L. i.

244
Aszedarach, L. 244
Azedarach, Moon, 243
compostta, Willd. 243
dubia, Cav. 243
parviflora, Moon, 245
pumila, Moon, 242
MELIACEA, i. 241
Melilotus parviflora, Desf. ii.
ar
Meliosma Arnottiana, Walp. i.
315
pungens, Thw. 314
simplicifolia, Walp. 315
Wight, Planch. 314
Melochia concatenata, L. i.
170
corchorifolia, Z. 170
pyramidata, 1. 170
Melothria deltotdea, Thw. ii.
257
perpusilla, Cogn. 256
zeylanica, Clarke, 257
Memecylon angustifolium,
Wight, ii. 219
Arnottiana, Wzght, 211
capitellatum, Z. 222
Clarkeanum, Cogn. 217
cuneatum, 7hw. 216
depressum, Benth. il. 212
discolor, Cogn. 218
edule, Roxb. 217, 220, 221,
222
elegantulum, Tw. 214
ellipticum, Zw. 214
fuscescens, Thw. 218
Gardneri, Tw. 211
grande, Retz. 221
Hookeri, 7hw. 212
jambosoides, Thw. 217, 218
leevigatum, BZ. 220
leucanthum, Zw. 220
macrocarpum, Zw. 220
macrophyllum, Tw. 215
orbiculare, Zw. 216
ovoideum, Cogn. 220
ovoideum, Zhw. 215
parvifolium, Zw. 213
phyllanthifolium, Zw. 219
procerum, Zw. 216
ramifiorum, Lam. 216
revolutum, Zhw. 215
rhinophyllum, Tw. 219
rostratum, Zw. 218
rotundatum, Cogn. 214
Royenit, Bl. 222
rubro-ceruleum, Thw. 217
timctorium, Koen. 222
umbellatum, Burm. 7. 216
urceolatum, Cogn. 217
varians, Thw. 213
Wightii, 7zw. 212
MENISPERMACEZ, i. 37
Menispermum fenestratum,
Gaertn, 1. 41

Index to Botanical Names.

Mephitidia Gardneri, Thw. ii.
66

3
Moonzi, Thw. 364
oligantha, Thw. 366, 367
protracta, Thw. 367
rhinophylla, Thw. 365
strigosa, Thw. 367
tomentosa, Thw. 365
varians, Thw. 368
Walkeriana, Wight, 365
Mesua coromandelina, Thw. i.
106
ferrea, Z. 105
Nagaha, Gardn. 105
pulchella, Pl. and Tri. 106
salicina, Pl. and Tri. 105
sclercephylla, Thw. 106
speciosa, Thw. 106
Thwaitesii, PZ, and Trz. 106
Walkeriana, Pl. and Tri.
105
Mezoneurum enneaphyllum,
W. and A. ii. tor
Michelia Champaca, L. i. 15
glauca, Wight, 14
nilagirica, Zenk. 14
ovalifolia, Wight, 15
Walkeriz, Wight, 14
Microcos paniculata, L. 1. 177
Micromelum pubescens, BZ/, i.
218
Microtropis ramiflora, Wight,
i. 269
Wallichiana, Wigh7, 269
Miliusa indica, Lesch. 34
montana, Gardn. 34
zeylanica, Gardn. 35
Millingtonia Arnottiana,
Wight, i. 315
Milnea apiocarpa, Thw. i. 245
Roxburghiana, W. and A.

246
Mimosa bigemina, L. ii. 132
cinerea, L, 121
cesia, L. 127
LEntada, L. 119
odoratissima, 1. 129
pennata, L. 127
pudica, Li. 122
umbellata, Vahl, 132
virgata, L. 122
Mitrephora Heyneana, 7hw.
1s2
Moacurra gelonioides, Roxb.
i. 254
Modecca palmata, Lam. ii. 241
tuberosa, Roxb, 241
Wightiana, Wall, 240
Mollugo Cerviana, Ser. ii. 272
disticha, Ser. 272
hirta, Thunb. 270
nudicaulis, Lam. 272
oppositifolia, Z. 271
pentaphylla, Z. 271
Spergula, L, 271
stricta, Li, 271

Momordica Charantia, Z. ii

248
denudata, Clarke, 249
dioica, Roxb. 249
seylanica, Mill, 249
Monocera glandulifera, Hk. i.

167
Wealkeriz, Wight, 187
seylanica, Arn. 187
Monoporandra cordifolia,
Thw. i. 137
elegans, Thw. 138
lancifolia, Thw. 136
More, Gaertn. i. 309
Morinda érvacteata, Roxb. ii.

_ 354
citrifolia, Z. 354
exserta, Roxb. 354
scandens, Roxb. 355
tinctoria, Roxé. 354
umbellata, Z. 355
Moringa pterygospernia,
Gaertn. i. 327
zeylanica, Pers. 327
Mucuna atropurpurea, DC, ii.
61
gigantea, DC. 62
monosperma, DC. 61
pruriens, DC. 62
prurita, Hk. 62
Mukia leiosperma, Wight, ii.

255
scabrella, Arn. 254
Mundulea suberosa, Benth. ii.

29
Munronia pumila, Wighi, i.
242
Murraya exotica, Z. i. 219
Gleniei, Tw. 220
Keenigii, Spreng. 220
Musszenda corymbosa, Roxb.
li. 324
frondosa, Z. 323
Myriophyllum indicum,
Willd, ii. 149
Myrobalanus bellerica,Gaertn.
il. 159
MYRTACEZ&, ii. 165
Myrtus androsemoides, L, ii.
176
brasiliana, L. 188
caryophyllata, L.. 174
Cumini, L. 179
tomentosa, Ait. 166
zeylanica, L. 171

Naravelia zeylanica, DC. i. 2
Nargedia macrocarpa, Bedd.
ii.
Nasturtium indicum, DC, i. 52
Oficinale, Br. 53
Nauclea coadunata, Roxb. ii,
292
cordata, Roxb, 292
cordifolia, Moon, 293
macrophylla, Moon, 292

383

Nauclea orzentalis, L. 292
orzentalis, Moon, 293
parvifolia, Moon, 295
parvifolia, Roxb. 294
tubulosa, Arn. 295
zeylanica, Hk. f. 296

Nelttris Jamboselta, Gaertn.

ii. 338
Nelumbium speciosum,
Wetld. i. 51
Nephelium d2zfolatum, Thw. i.
397
erectum, Thw. 308
eximtum, Thw. 310
fuscatum, Thw. 305
Gardneri, Zw. 309
Longana, Camb. 309
pupillum, Wight, 309
stmplicifolium, Thw. 308
Neptunia oleracea, Lour. ii.
118
Plena, Benth. 119
Nesea trifora, Kunth, ii. 227
Neurocalyx capztata, Benth.
li. 300
Championii, Benth. 300
Gardneri, Zw. 300
Wightii, Arz. 299
zeylanicus, Hk. 299
Nomismia nummularia, W.
and A. ii. 82
Nothopegia Colebrookiana,
Bi. ii. 325

Nymphza ae L. i. 49
Nelumbo, L
stellata, Willd. 50

NYMPHAACES, i. 49

Ochna Zuczda, Lam. i. 233
Moonii, Thw. 234
nitida, "Thunb. 234
rufescens,
squarrosa, L. 233
Wealkeriz, Planch. 233
Wightiana, Wall. 233
seylanica, Lam, 235
OCHNACEZ, i. 232
Odina Wodier, Roxd. i. 318
Gnothera fruticosa, L. ii. 235
OLACINE#, i. 254
Olax psittacorum, Vahl, i. 256
scandens, foxb. 256
Wightiana, Wad/. 257
zeylanica, L. 257
Oldenlandia biflora, Z. ii. 317
biflora, Moon, 314.
corymbosa, Z. 314
crystallina, Roxb. 315
diffusa, Roxb. 315
herbacea, Roxb, 315
Stricta, ZL. 316
trinervia, /ee/z. 316
umbellata, Z. 316
Omphalobium indicum,
Gaertn. ii. 2
ONAGRACE4Z:, ii. 232

384

Ophiorrhiza angustifolia,
Thw, il. 321
decumbens, Gardn. 321
glechomifolia, Tw. 323
Harrisiana, Heyne, 321
Mungos, Z. 320
nemorosa, Thw. 321
pallida, Tzw. 322
pectinata, Arz. 322
radicans, Gardz. 321
Opilia amentacea, Hoxd. i. 258
Opuntia Dillenit, Haw. ii. 267
Ormocarpum sennoides, DC.

li. 39
Oruztrophe allophylus, Pers. i.
302
Cobbe, Willd. 303
serrata, Roxb. 303
Orophea coriacea, Thw. i. 34
fleyneana, Hk. f. and Th. 32
obligua, Ak. f. and Th. 33
zeylanica, Hk. f. and Th. 35
Osbeckia aspera, BZ. ii. 195
buxifolia, Avz. 197
cupularis, Don, 195
elliptica, Naud. 198
erythrocephala, Vaud. 194
glauca, Benth. 196
Leschenaultiana, Thw,. 194
Moonii, Tw. 198
octandra, DC. 198
parvifolia, Arm. 194
polycephala, Naud. 198
Rheedii, Gardn. 194
rubicunda, Arz. 197
truncata, Arm. 194
virgata, Don, 198
Walkeri, Arz. 196
zeylanica, L. f. 195
Osmelia Gardneri, 7Aw. ii. 238
Oxalis corniculata, Z. i. 196
nuda, Arn. 198
prolifera, Arn. 199
sensitiva, L. 197
violacea, L. 197

Pachycentria Walkerz,Thw. ii.
200
Pachygone adversa, Miers, i. 45
ovata, Mzers, 45
Plukenetiz, Miers, 45
Palimbia ramosissima, Thw.
ii. 280
Panax fruticosum, L. ii. 282
Paramignyaarmata, O/zv. i.225
monophylla, Wzghz, 224
Paratropia terebinthacea, Arn.
ii. 283
Paritium tiliaceum, Juss. 1.157
Parkinsonia aculeata, 1. ii. 102
Parochetus communis, Ham.
il. 20
Passifiora edulis, Sims, ii, 242
fetida lL. 242
stipulata, Aubl. 242
suberosa, Li. 241

Passifiora Walkerie, Wight,
il, 241
PASSIFLORACES, il. 239
Pavonia glechomifolia, A.Rzch.
i. 148
odorata, W2l/d. 149
zeylanica, Cav. 149
Patonzia parvifolia, Wight, i.28
Paullinia aszatica, L. 1. 215
Pavetta angustifolia, Zw. ii.
359
Gleniei, Tw. 351
hispidula, W, and A. 350
indica, ZL. 349
involucrata, Tw. 351
tomentosa, Thw. 351
Pectinea zeylanica, Gaertn. i. 72
Peltophorum ferrugineum,
Benth. ii. tot
Pemphis acidula, /orst. ii. 227
Pentaloba zeylanica, Arn. ii. 68
Pentapanax Leschenautltiz,
Seem. ii: 282
Pentapetes phcenicea, Z. i. 169
subertfolta, LL. 169
Periandra Bertertana, Benth.
th, FAS
Pericopsis Mooniana, 7hw. ii.

+ SY
Pestalozzia laxa, Thw. ii. 260
Peucedanum zeylanicum,
Gardn. ii. 280
Phantis, Linn. i. 227
Pharnaceum distichum, L, ii.
272
Mollugo, L.. 27%
triflorum, Moon, 272
Phaseolus aconitifolius, Jacq.
We GAs
adenanthus, Mey. 70
ealcaratus, Roxb. 73
Grahamianus, W. axd A.7o
Max, Z. 72
Mungo, . 72
radiatus, L. 72
semierectus, ZL. 70
trilobus, Az¢. 71
trinervius, Heyze, 72
truxtllensis, H. B. K. 70
Phoberos Gaertnerz, Thw. i. 71
flookerianus, Wight, 71
Photinia Notoniana, W. and
A. ii. 142
Phyllodizm pulchellum, Desv.
li. 48
Piliostigmaracemosum, Benth.
ii, 116 _
Pimpinella Heyneana, Wadd.
li, 279
Leschenaultii, DC. 279
Pithecolobium bigeminum,
Benth, ii. 132
dulce, Benth. 131
geminatum, Bezth. 131
Saman, Benth. 132
subcoriaceum, Tw. 133

I[udex to Botanical Names.

Pithecoleobium umbellatum,
Benth. ii. 132.
PITTOSPORACEA, i. 77
Pittosporum neelgherrense,
W., and A. i. 78
beeen W. and A.

reneaicann Wight, 78
Pityranthe verrucosa, Tw. i.
172
Platea axillaris, Thw. i. 261
cortacea, Thw. 261
Plectronia macrocarpa, Bedd.
li. 345 ;
Pleurostylia Wightii, W. axd
A. 1. 271
Polanista viscosa, Thw. i. 57
Polyalthia acuminata, Tw, i.

25
coffceoides, B. and Hk, f. 24.
Korinti, B. and Hk. f. 25
longifolia, B. and Hk. f. 24
Moonii, Tw. 26
persicifolia, B. and HR. f. 26
suberosa, B. and HR. f. 25
Polycarpoea corymbosa, Zam.
i, 88
Polycarpon Leeflingize, B, and
Hb. f. i. 87
Polygala arillata, Ham. i. 79
arvensis, Willd. 80, 81
chinensis, Z. 81
czlzata, L. 83
elongata, Klein, 81
glaucoides, Z. 80
Llomeratu, Lour. 82
hirsutula, Arn. 8i
javana, DC. 80
leptalea, DC. 80
rosmarinifolia, W. and A. 82
sibirica, Z. 82
telephioides, Wzl/d. 82
Thea, Burm. f. 68
triflora, 1. 81
POLYGALACE&, i. 78
Polyodontia Walkeriz, Wight,
li. 135
zeylanica, Wight, 134
Polyscias acuminata, Seem. ii.
282
Pometia eximia, //Z. f. i. 310
Pongamia glabra, Vezz. ii. 91
Portulaca oleracea, LZ. i. 89
quadrifida, Z. 90
suffruticosa, Wzght, 90
tuberosa, Roxb. 90
Wightiana, WadZ, 89
PORTULACACE, i. 88
Potentilla Kleiniana, W. and
A, il. 139
Mooniana, W2zght, 139
Poterium indicum, Gavdz. ii.
I4I
Phar albidiflora,
Thw. ii. 355
Fergusonii, Thw. 356

Index to Botanical Names.

Protium caudatum,\W.and A. | Rhamnus /izjuda, L. 280

i. 236

Pseudarthria viscida, W. and
A, ii. 41

Pseudocarapa Championii,
Hlemsi. i. 248

Psidium Guyava, L. ii. 167

pumilum, Vahl, 167
Psoralea corylifolia, Z. ii. 28

Psychotria aszatica, Moon, ii.

362
bisulcata, W. and A. 362
elongata, Hz. f. 359
filipes, Hk. f. 361
Gardneri, Hz. f. 358
glandulifera, 7hw. 357
herbacea, L. 363
longepetiolata, Thw. 361
Moonii, 2. 7. 360
plurivenia, Zw. 361
sarmentosa, B/. 359
scandens, Moon, 359
sordida, Tw. 360
stenophylla, Hz. f. 357
Thwaitesii, Zz. 7. 358
vaginans, DC. 362
Wightiana, 2. f. 358
Psydrax dicoccos, Gaertn. ii.

343

Pteridophyllum decipiens,
Thw. i. 240

Pterocarpus 42/odzs, Roxb. ii.

go
Marsupium, Roxb. 90

Pteroloma triquetrum, Benth,
ll. 49

Pterospermum suberifolium,
Lam, i. 169

Pterygota alata, Thw. i. 166

Pycnospora hedysaroides, Br.

ii. 41
Pygeum Wadkeriz, Bl. ii. 135
Wightianum, B/. 134
zeylanicum, Gaertn. 135
Pyrenacantha volubilis, Hook.
i. 263

Randia dumetorum, Lam. ii.

330
Gardneri, 2. f. 331
malabarica, Lam. 331
rugulosa, Hz. f. 331
uliginosa, DC. 330
RANUNCULACEZ i. 1
Ranunculus, sastatus, Walk. i.

4
pinnatus, Arn. 4
ittifolius, 72. 4
allichianus, W. and A. 4
zeylanicus, Moon, 4
Reichenheimia Thwaitesii, K1,
ii. 264
RHAMNACE#, i, 278
Rhamnus Arnottianus, Gaertn,
i. 283
circumscissus, Li. f, 284
PART II,

Napeca, L. 281

Gnoplia, L. 280

Wightii, W. and A. 283
Rhipsalis Cassytha, Gaertz. ii.

266
Rhizophora Candelaria, DC. ii.

ISI
Candel, Moon, 151
conjugata, Arn. 151
conjugata, L. 153
gymnorhiza, L. 153
mangle, Moon, 151
mucronata, Z. 151

RHIZOPHORACE#, ii. 150

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa,
Wight, ii. 166

Rhus Cobbe, L. i. 303

decipiens, Wight, 240

Rhynchocarpa rostrata, Vaud,
ii. 258

Rhynchosia acutissima, Tw,

li. 85
aurea, DC. 83
cana, DC. 83

cyanosperma, Benth. 14
densiflora, DC. 85
minima, DC. 84
nummularia, DC. 82
rufescens, DC. 82
suaveolens, DC. 83
villosula, Thw. 85
viscosa, DC. 85
Rissoa zeylanica, Arn. i. 227
Rondeletia asiatica, L, ii. 328
ROSACE&, ii. 134
Rotala verticillaris, L. ii. 224
Rothia trifoliata, Pers. ii. 7
Roumea hebecarpa, Gardn. 1.74
Rourea santaloides, W.andA.

ii. I

Rubus ellipticus, Sz. ii. 137
flavus, Ham. 137
glomeratus, B/, 136
Gowreephul, Roxb, 137
lasiocarpus, Sm, 138
leucocarpus, Arn. 138
micropetalus, Gardn. 136
moluccanus, ZL. 136
parvifolius, Moon, 138
rugosus, Sm, 136

Rubia cordifolia, Z. ii. 372
secunda, Moon, 372

RUBIACE#, ii. 289

RUTACEZ, i. 213

SABIACE#, i. 314
Sagerea Thwaitesit,
and Th. i. 33
Sageretia afinis, Thw. i, 284

costata, Wig. 284
Sagina procumbens, 1. i. 85
Salacia diandra, Thw. i. 277
oblonga, Wadl, 277
prinoides, DC. 276
reticulata, Wight, 277

Hike i

385

Salacia zerminalis, Thw. 275
Salomonia cordata, Avz. i. 83
ciliata, DC. 83
oblongifolia, DC. 83
Samadera indica, Gaertz. i.
231
Samara leta, L. ii. 216
SAMYDACEA, ii. 236
Sanicula europza, Z. ii, 276
SAPINDACE2, i. 298
Sapindus bifoliatus, Azerz, i.

397
dejficiens, Wight, 302
emarginatus, Vak/, 307
erectus, Azerz, 308
Glenzez, Thw. 305
laurifolius, Vah/, 306
tetraphylla, Vahl, 301
Thwaitesii, Hzern, 308
trifoliatus, L. 305
uniugus, Thw. 305
Saprosma indicum, Dad/z. ii.
368
scabridum, Bedd. 369
zeylanicum, Bedd. 369
Saraca indica, Z. li. 114
Sarcocephalus cordatus, J/zq.
li, 292
Sarissus anceps, Gaertn. ii. 370
Sarosanthera lasiopetala, Thw.
i, 108
SAXIFRAGACEZ, ii. 143
Schizostigma hirsutum, Avrz.

ii, 327

Schleichera trijuga, W7d/d. i.
304

Schmidelia allophylla, DC. i.

302
Cobbe, DC. 303
hispida, Thw. 303
villosa, Wight, 304
Schrebera albens, Retz. i. 271
Schumacheria alnifolia, 2. 7.
and Th, i. 10
angustifolia, Hk. f. and Th.
Il

castanezefolia, VahZ, to
Sclerostylis Arnottiana,
Wight, i. 227
zeylanica, Wight, 227
Scolopia acuminata, C/os, i. 70
Arnottianus, Thw. 71
chinensis, Clos, 71
crassipes, Clos, 71
Gaertneri, 7hw. 71
pusilla, Willd. 7%
Scopolia aculeata, Sm. i. 215
Scutia indica, Brongn. i. 284
Scutinanthe brunnea, Thw. i.

238
Scyphellandra virgata, Thw.

i, 69
Scyphiphora hydrophylacea,
Gaert. f. il. 337
Scyphostachys coffoeoides,
Thw. ii. 335
CC

386

Scyphostachys pedunculatus, | Smithia gaxzculata, Arn. 37

Thw. ii. 335

sensitiva, Azt, 37

Semecarpus acuminata, Zw. | Sonerila afinzs, Arn. ii. 202

rome)
coriacea, Tw. 321
cuneata, Engl. 324
Gardneri, Tw. 322
leevigata, Thw. 325
marginata, 7hw. 319
Moon, Thw. 321
nigro-viridis, Tw. 323
oblongifolia, Thw. 323, 324
obovata, AZoon, 321
obscura, Thw. 320, 324
parvifolia, Tw. 324
pubescens, Zw. 320
subpeltata, Tw. 320
Thwaitesiz, Ak. f. 321
Walkeri, Hz. f. 322
Serissa Gardneri, Thw. ii. 368
scabrida, Thw. 369
zeylanica, Thw. 369
Serpicula Jreviges, W. and A.
ii. 148
hirsuta, W/. and A. 148
zndica, Thw. 147, 148
zeylanica, Arn. 147
Sesbania aculeata, Pers. il. 34
zegyptiaca, Pers. 34
grandifiora, Pers. 35
Sesuvium pedunculatum,
Pers. ii. 268
Portulacastrum, Z. 268
repens, Rottl. 268
Sethia acuminata, Arn. i. 19%
indica, DC. 190
lanceolata, Arn. 191
obtusifolia, Thw. 192
Shorea dvevipetiolaris, Thw. i.
r18
Dyerii, Tw. 117
lissophylla, Tw. 117
oblongifolia, Tw. 116
reticulata, Thw. 117
stipularis, Tzw. 118
Shuteria vestita, W. and A.
ii. 58
Sicyos Garcini, Burm. f. ii. 260
periplocifolia, L. 147
Sida acuta, Burm. i. 142
alba, L. 142
alnifolia, L. 142
astatica, L. 144
carpinifolia, L. f. 142
cordifolia, Z. 143
humilis, Cav. 141
mysorensis, W. and A, 142
persica, Brum. 145
vetusa, Li. 143
rhombifolia, £Z. 143
spinosa, Z. 142
SIMARUBACE, 1, 229
Szum lobatum, Moon, ii. 280
triternatum, Moon, 279
Smithia blanda, Wad/, ii. 37
conferta, S72. 37

Arnottiana, Thw. 204
angustata, Triana, 203
Brunonis, W. and A. 203
cordifolia, Cogn. 202
firma, Thw. 205
Gardneri, Thw. 205
glaberrima, Arn. 203
Guneratnez, Trim. 207
Harveyz, Thw. 206
hirsutula, Arn. 205
Flookeriana, Arn. 204
lanceolata, Thw. 206
linearis, Hz. f. 207
pedunculosa, 7/zw. 208
pilosula, Thzw. 207
pumila, Thw. 202
thombifolia, Zzw.203
robusta, Av. 206
rostrata, Thw. 203
tomentella, Thw. 204
Wightiana, Arz. 204
zeylanica, W. and A. 202
Sonneratia acida, L. f. ii. 230
alba, Smzth, 230
apetala, Ham, 229
Sophora heptaphylla, Arn. ii.
6

9
heptaphylla, L. 94
tomentosa, Z. 95
violacea, Thw. 95
zeylanica, T77m. 96.
Soya Wighti, Grah. il. 59
Soymida “jebrifuga, A. Juss. i.

251
Spatholobus Roxburghitz,
Benth. ii. 65
Spergula arvensis, L i. 85
Spermacoce hispida, Z. ii. 371
ocymoides, Burm. f. ii. 371
stricta, Z. f. 371

Spondias Mangifera, W/zd/d.
1. 327

Stalagmitis cambogioides,
Murr. i. 96

Stellaria drymarioides, Thw.

1. 25
media, W2th. 85
Stemonoporus acuminatus,
Bedd. i. 133
affinis, Tw. 134
canaliculatus, Tw. 135
Gardneri, Thw. 133
lanceolatus, Thw. 134
Moonii, Tw. 137
nervosus, Zw. 136
nitidus, Tw. 136
oblongifolius, Tw. 135
petiolaris, Tw. 135
reticulatus, Tw. 136
rigidus, Tw. 134
Wightii, Zw. 132
Stemonurus apicalis, Thw. 1.
260

Index to Botanical Names.

Stemonurus Heyneanus, Miers,
i, 261
polymorpha, Wight, 265
Walkeri, Miers, 261
seylanicus, Miers, 261
Stephania hernandifolia,
Waép, i. 45
tntertexta, Miers, 45
Stephegyne parvifolia, Auth.
ii. 294
tubulosa, Hz. f. 295
Sterculia Balanghas, L. i. 165
colorata, Roxb. 166
foetida, Z. 164
guttata, Roxb. 165
Thwaitesii, AZas¢. 166
urens, Roxb. 164
STERCULIACEA, i. 163
Stizolobium giganteum, Pers.
li. 62
pruriens, Pers. 62
rugosum, Moon, 65
Stravadia integrifolia, Moon,
ii. I9g0
“rubra, Moon, 189
Stravadium obtusangulum,
Bl. ii. 19
Streptostigma viridiflorum,
Thw. i. 311
Strombosia javanica, Thw. i.
257
zeylanica, Gardn. 257
Strongylocalyx CLLDEE ES,
BI. ii. 170
Strongylodon ruber, Vog. ii. 65
Oe elliptica, Thw. ii.

Wie, A. Rich. 328
Stylosanthes mucronata,

Willd. ii. 36
Sunaptea disticha, Zvzm,. i.
127

scabriuscula, 772m. 126
Suriana maritima, Z. i. 232
Sweetenia Chloroxylon, Roxb.

1. 253
Syzygium assimile, Thw. ii.
I76

calophyllifolium, Thw. 173

caryophylleum, Gaertn. 174

cordifolium, Thw. 176

jirmum, Thw. 170

Gardnerzi, Thw. 174.

Jambolanum, DC. 179

lissophyllum, Thw. 173

micranthum, Thw. 175

montanum, Thw. 170

Neestanum, Arn. 177

nervosum, DC. 179

oliganthum, Thw. 178

revolutum, Thw. 175

rotundtfolium, Arm. 177

sclerophylium, Thw. 178

spathulatum, Thw. 178

syluestre, Thw. 175

umbrosum, Thw. 173

Index to Botanical Names.

387

Tamarindus indica, L. ii. 114 | Tribulus /anuginosus, L.i. 194 | Vateria acuminata, Hayne, i.

TAMARISCINES, i. ot

terrestris, Z. 194

Tamarix erzcozdes, Rottb. i. gt | Trichadenia zeylanica, Thw. i.

gallica, Z. 91
éndica, Willd. 91

Tarenna szeylanica, Gaertn. ii.

328

Teramnus labialis, Spreng. ii.

60
mollis, Benth. 60
Tephrosia #zrta, Thw. ii. 32

Hookeriana, W. azd A. 32

maxima, fers. 32
purpurea, Pers. 31
senticosa, Pers. 30
spinosa, Pers. 30
suberosa, DC. 29
tinctoria, Pers. 31
villosa, Pers. 33

Terminalia a/ata, Moon, ii. 160

belerica, Roxb. 159
chebula, Retz. 159
glabra, W. and A. 160
parviflora, Tw. 160
tomentosa, W. and A. 161

seylanica, Van H. and Mull.-

Arg. 160

Ternstroemia emarginata,
Choits, i. 108

japonica, Thunb. 107

Terpnophyllum zeylanicum,
Thw. i. 97

Tetracera lzvis, Vahl, i. 6

Tetracrypta cinnamomoides,

Gardn. and Champ. ii. 157
Tetrameles nudiflora, By. ii.

265
Tetrastigma lanceolarium,
Planch. i. 296

Thalictrum glyptocarpum, W.

and A. i. 3
javanicum, B7/. 3

Thespesia Lampas, Dalz. and

Gibs, i. 158
populnea, SoZ, 158
TILIACEZ# i. 171

Tiliacora cuspidiformis, Miers,

i. 42
Sraternaria, Miers, 42
racemosa, Colebr. 42

Timonius Jambosella, Thw. ii.

38

3
Tinospora cordifolia, W7zers, i.

39
crispa, Miers, 39
malabarica, Miers, 38
tomentosa, Miers, 39

Toddalia aculeata, Pers. i. 215
Toxicodendron Cobbe, Gaertn.

i, 303

Trapa bispinosa, Roxb. ii. 235

ZS
Trichosanthes azgwzna, L, il.

245
bracteata, Voight, 244
caudata, Willd. 244
cucumerina, Z. 245
integrifolia, Tw. 245
nervifolia, ZL. 244
palmata, Roxb. 244
Thwattestz, Cogn. 245
Trifolium repens, Li. ii. 20
Trigonella indica, L. ii. 7
Tristillateta australasica, A.
Rich. i. 194

Triumfetta anzgzlata, Lam. i.

Bartramia, L. 179
consticua, Trim. 180
glabra, Rof¢/, 180
neglecta, W. and A. 181
pilosa, Roth. 179
pilosula, Thw. 181
rhomboidea, /acg. 179
tomentosa, Boj. 179

Turpinia zepalensis, Wall.i. 313

pomifera, DC. 313

Turrea villosa, Benn, 243

Ulex europeus, L. i. 7

UMBELLIFERA, li. 274
Uncaria dasyoneura, Korth. ii.

296
Gambier, Thw. 296

Unona discolor, Vahl, i. 23

elegans, Thw. 23
tripetaloidea, Moon, 28
uncinata, Dun. 21

zeylanica, Hk. f. and Th, 23
Urandra apicalis, Thw. i. 260
Uraria crinita, Desv. ii. 42

hamosa, Wail. 43
picta, Desv. 42

Urena lobata, Z. i. 147

sinuata, Z. 148

Urophyllum ellipticum, Thw.

1. 326
zeylanicum, 7hw, 326

Uvaria macrophylla, Roxd. 1.18

macropoda, //z. f. and Th.

19
Narum, Wadi. 19
purpurea, B/. 18

semecarpifolia, /7k. f. and

Th. 19
sphenocarpa, 7k. 7, and Th.
18

zeylanica, L, 20

Trianthema crystallina, Thw. | Vahlia oldenlandioides, Roxd.

ii.
decandra, L. 270
monogyna, L.

triquetra, Kottl. and W. 269

ii. 143
viscosa, Roxb. 143
Vareca zeylanica, Gaertn, ii.

237

131
acuminata, Thw. 133
afinis, Thw. 134
canaliculata, ‘Vhw. 135
cordifolia, Thw, 137
disticha, ‘Thw. 127
elegans, Thw. 138
Gardneri, Thw. 133
indica, Bl. 131
indica, L. 132
jucunda, Thw. 133
lanceolata, Thw. 134.
lancifolia, Thw. 136
Mooniz, Thw. 137
nitida, Thw. 136
oblongifolia, Thw. 135
petiolaris, Thw. 135
reticulata, Thw. 136
rigida, Thw. 134
scabriuscula, Thw. 126
seylanica, Wight, 133
Vatica affinis, 7hw. i. 128
cordifolia, Thw. 126
disticha, A. DC. 127
obscura, 777m. 129
Roxburghiana, &Z. 128
scabriuscula, A. DC. 126
Thwattesiz, A. DC. 134
Ventilago maderaspatana,
Gaertn. 1. 279
Viburnum coriaceum, #4. ii.
288
erubescens, Wad/. 289
hebanthum, Thw. 288
zeylanicum, Gardn. 288
Vigna Catiang, Endl. ii. 74
luteola, Benth. 73
sznensis, Endl. 74.
vexillata, Benth. 74
Viola crenata, Moon, 67
distans, Wadd. 66
enneasperma, Li, 67
hastata, Moon, 66
Patrinii, DC. 66
serpens, Wall. 67
suffruticosa, lL. 67
Walkeriz, Wight, 66
Wightiana, Thw. 66, 67
VIOLACE#, i. 65
Vitis acuminata, 772m. i. 292
adnata, Wad/. 290
earnosa, Wad. 294
Gardneri, Laws. 293
glyptocarpa, Laws, 289
Heyneana, Wad/. 292
indica, LZ. 288
lanceolaria, Vad/, 296
Linnezei, Wall. 29%
lonchiphylla, Laws. 290
pallida, Trim, 292
pallida, W. and A. 29%
pedata, Vahl, 295
quadrangularis, Wa//. 289
repanda, W. and A, 292
reticulata, Laws, 294

388 L[udex to Sinhalese Names.

Vitis Rheedii, W. and A. | Woodfordia floribunda, Sad. | Zanthoxylum zeylanicum,DC.

293 ii. 226 i. 214
setosa, Wall. 206 Wormia hamata, Vahl, i. 139 | Zehneria Garcinz, Stocks, ii.
tenuifolia, W. and A. 295 retusa, Hk. f. and Th. 12 250
tomentosa, Heyze, 288 triquetra, fot¢/. 11. hastata, Wzg. 256
trifolia, Li. 294 Hookeriana, Avz. 256
Vitmannia elliptica, Vahl, i. | Xanthochymus ovalifolius, umbellata, Thw. 256
231 Roxb. i. 98 Zizyphus Jujuba, Lam. i. 280
Xanthophyllum flavescens, Linnei, Laws. 285
Walkeria serrata, Moon, i. Roxb. 1. 84 lucida, Moon, 28r
235 virens, Roxb. 84 Napeca, W2l/d. 281
Walsura Gardneri, 7zw. i. 250 | Ximenia americana, W2/d. i. Nummularia, W. and A.
Piscidia, Roxb. 250 255 280
Thwattesit, Cas. DC. 250 | Xylocarpus Granatum, Koen. Cnoplia, A@z27. 280
Waltheria indica, Z. i. 171 iL DEE rugosa, Lam. 282
Webera cerzfera, Moon, ii. 328 | Xylopia Championii, HZ. 7. xylopyra, W2zl/d. 282
corymbosa, W2zd/d. 328 and Th. i. 28 Zornia angustifolia, Sm. ti. 35
lanceolata, Moon, 343 nigricans, Hk. f. and Th. 28| conjugata, Sm. 35
Weihea zeylanica, Bazl/. ii. parvifolia, Wk. f. and Th. 28| diphylla, Pers. 35
156 Watkeri, Arn. 35
Wendlandia ézcuspzdata, W. | Zanonia indica, L. ii. 261 seylanensis, Pers. 35
and A. ii. 297 Wightiana, Arn. 260 ZYGOPHYLLACES, i. 194
Notoniana, Wadl?. 297 Zanthoxylum Rhetsa, DC. i.
Wissadula Leschenaultiana, 215
Mast. i. 147 tetraspermum, W, aud A.
periplocifolia, Thw. 146 215
zeylanica, MZedzk. 146 triphyllum, Juss. 214

SINHALESE NAMES.

Aba, i. 54 Bévila, i. 141 Diwul, i. 228
Achariya-pala, ii. 62 Bin-béru, i. 7 Diya-kirindiwel, i. 275
Agu-karni, ii. 363 Bin-mé, ii. 71 Diya-kudalu, i. 2t2
Ahu, ii. 354 Bin-kohomba, i. 242 Diya-labu, ii. 247
Akkapana, li. 145 Bin-siyambala, ii. 110 Diya-midella, ii. 189
Alu-bo, ii. 175 Bodi, ii. 28 Diya-mitta, i. 46
Alu-pila, ii. 31 Bo-kéra, i. 233, 235 Diya-na, i. 106
Alu-puhul, ii. 252 Bora-daminiya, i. 177 Diya-nidikumba, ii. £18
Andara, ii. 121 Bowitiya, ii. 194, 195 Diya-para, i. 11
Andun-wenna, i. 265 Bu-gétiya, i. 189 Diya-ratambala, ii. 114
Angana, ii. 338 Bu-hora, i. 114 Diya-ratmal, il. 114.
Ankenda, 1. 216 Bu-kinda, i. 38 Diya-siyambala, ii. 38
Anoda, i, 144, 145 Bu-kobbe, i. 303 Diya-taleya, il. 287
Aralu, ii. 159 Bulu, ii. 159 ~ Diya-wawulétiya, ii. 99
Aramana, ii. 108 Bulu-mora, i. 310 Dodan-kaha, li. 222
Aridda, i. 326 Bu-mé, ii. 72 Dodan-pana, i. 217
Aswenna, il. 44, 372 Bu-pila, ii. 33 Dodan-wenna, li. 22T
Atu-kétiya, i. 28 Burulla, i. 297 Domba, i. 100
Buruta, i. 253 Domba-kina, i. 99
Badulla, i. 321, 322, 324 Bu-tora, ii. To9 Dorana, 1. 115
Bakmi, ii. 292 Duhudu, i. 272
Bala, i. 325 Chanchala, ii. 56 Dummella, ii. 245
Baloliya, ii. 49 Dun, i. 117, 119, 125
Bambara-wel, ii. 88 Dambu or Damba, ii. 174, 176
Bata-kirilla, i. 191 Daminiya, i. 175 Ehéla, ii. 103
Batu-damba, ii. 179 Dan, ii. 174 Ela-gokatu, 1. 98
Batu-karivila, ii. 248 Dara-vétakolu, ii. 252 Ela-imbul, i. 70
Béli, i. 229 Dat-kétiya, i. 28; ii. 320 Ela-kadol, ii. 151
Béli-patta, i. 157 Dawata, ii. 155 Ela-midella, ii. 191
Beraliya, i. 122 Dawu, ii. 162 Ela-ratmul, ii. 341
Bériya, ii. 162 Dedi-kaha, ii. 22 Elbedda, 1. 315

Beru-diyanilla, ii. 233 Dikwenna, i. 172 Embarella, i. 327

Embul-bakmi, ii. 293
Ensalu, i. 237

Epula, i. 179
Erabadu, ii. 63
Eta-hirilla, i. 313
Et-amba, i. 317
Eta-mura, i. 259
Eta-werella, i. 312
Etkara-bembiya, i. 222
Et-korasa-wel, i. 6
Et-kukuruman, ii. 330
Et-olu, i. 49

Ettériya, i. 219
Et-tora, ii. 78

Etuna, i. 167
Et-undupiyali, ii. 53

Gal-ambala, ii. 262
Gal-demata, i. 205
Galis, ii. 332
Galkaranda, ii. 115, 343
Gal-kura, i. 170
Gal-mendora, li. IIE
Gal-mora, i. 310
Gal-siyambala, ii. 112
Gammalu, ii. go
Gandapana, i. 262
Gas-bévila, i. 142
Gas-gonika, ii. 41
Gas-kéla, ii. 66
Gas-kollu, ii. 83
Gas-nidikumba, i. 197
Genda-kola, i. 89
Geta-kaha, ii. 188
Giriwadi-bévila, i. 142
Godapara, i. 13
Goda-hinguru, ii. 127
Goda-midella, ii. 190
Goda-wawulétiya, ii. 102
Gokatu, i. 96

Golu mora, ii. 135
Gomma, i. 76
Gonapana, i. 248, 98
Gona-wel, i. 139
Gon- kékiri, ii, 250
Gopalanga, i ii. 258
Goradiya, ii. 59
Goraka, i. 95
Gurulla, i. 297
Guru-kina, i. 99

Hak-ambala, ii. 264
Hal, i. 131
Hal-bembiya, i. 245

Hal-mendora, i. 128, 132

Hal-milla, i. 173
Harpilla, ii. 48
Hampinna, ii, 86
Hana, ii. 16
Hanpalanda, ii. 160
ae 15
gage “ » 29
Hik, i. ituade
Hima, ii. Ra
Himbutu-wel, i. 277
Hin-anoda, i, 143

Index to Stnhalese Names.

Hin-dan, ii. 174
Hin-embulembiliya, i. 196
Hin-épala, i. 148
Hin-eraminiya, i. 280
Hin-garadiya, ii. 84
Hin-gendakola, i. 90
Hin-gétakola, ii. 371
Hin-gotukola, ii. 276
Hingul, i. 249
Hingutru, ii. 127
Hin-himbutuwel, i. 276
Hin-kékiri, ii. 254
Hin-kina, i. 99
Hin-kurétiya, ii. 218
Hin-napiritta, i. 152
Hin-pala, ii. 271
Hin-sarana, ii. 269
Hin-undupiyali, ii. 54
Hiressa, i. 289
Honda-beraliya, i. 124
Hondala, ii. 241
Hondapara, i. 12
Hora, i. 114
Hulanhik, i. 252
Hulan-mara, i iil. 129
Hurihi, ii, 129

Ikiliya, ii. 235
Imbul, i. 161
Ipetta, i. 20
Itta, ii. 283
Itta-wel, ii. 283

Jaladara, i. 184
Jambu, ii. 170

Kabal-mara, ii. 129
Kadol, ii. 151
Kaduruketiya-wel, ii. 163
Kaha, i. 70
Kaha-andanahiriya, ii, 15
Kaha-penela, i. 306
Kaha-petan, ii. 116
Kahata, ii, 191

Kaju, i. 317

Kakum, i. 282
Kakkuta-pala, i. 53
Kalati, i. 25

Kalatiya, ii. 132
Kala-wel, ii. 91, 92
Kalu-badulla, 1. 322
Kalu-kéra, i. 29
Kandul-essa, ii. 146
Kana-goraka, i. 96
Kankumbala, i. 313
Kankumbal-kétiya, ii, 135
Kapukinissa, i. 156
Kapuru, i. 30

Kara, il. 346
Karapincha, i. 220
Karivila, ii. 248
Katarodu-wel, ii. 75
Katu-andara, ii. 125
Katu-boda, i. 162
Katu-imbul, i. 160
Katukenda, i. 70

Katu-kina, i. 215
Katukurundu, i. 7
Katuru-murunga, ii, 35”
Katu-patuk, ii. 267
Kawudu-kékin, ii. 256
Kéhipittan, i. 47
Kékala, i. 20

Kékiri, ii. 250

389

Kekiri-wara, i, 10; ii, 231

Keku, i. 34
Kékuna, i. 239
Keéliya, i. 177
Kénawila, i. 166
Kétambilla, i. 74
Kétiya, i. 78
Kevitiya-kera, ii. 2T2
Kina, i. 101, 104
Kinihiriya, i. 70
Kiri-henda, i. 88
Kiri-kaju, i. 146
Kiri-kon, i. 246, 250
Kirilla, ii. 230
Kirindi-wel, ii. r
Kiri-wel, ii. 355
Kobbe, i. 303
Kobo-mal, ii. 179
Kohomba, ii. 244
Kohukirilla, i. 177
Kokatiya, i. 96, 97
Kokun, i. 251, 270
Kola-wakka, i. 279
Kollu, ii. 77

Kolon, ii. 293
Komadu, ii. 253
Kon, i. 304
Korasa-wel, i. 5
Kora-kaha, li. 216
Kospana, i. 260
Kottamba, ii. 159
Kotikan-beraliya, i. 121
Kotikan-bévila, i. 143
Kowakka, ii. 247
Kudalu- dehi, i, 228
Kudalu-kola, i, 203
Kudalu-mal, i. 206
Kudu-miris, i. 215
Kukulu-pala, i. 87
Kukuruman, ii. 330
Kumbalu, i. 230
Kumbuk, ii. 160
Kumburu-wel, ii. 98
Kurétiya, ii. 218

Lima-dehi, i. 228
Li-mé, ii. 74

Liniya, 1 168

Liyan, i. 258 ; il. 239
Lunu- ankenda, i, 214.
Lunukétiya-wel, i. 45
Lunu-midella, i, 243
Lunu-warana, i. 59

Madatiya, ii. 120
Madol, i. 96
Magul-karanda, ii. 91
Maha-andara, ii. 125

390 Index to Sinhalese Names. :

Maha-badulla, i. 320
Maha-bowitiya, li. 199
Maha-bulumora, i. 238
Maha-dan, ii. 179
Maha-debara, i. 280
Maha-diya-siyambala, ii. 39
Maha-eraminiya, i. 282
Maha-gétiya, 1. 189
Maha-gotukola, ii. 275
Maha-kiri-wel, il. 355
Maha-kurétiya, li. 173
Maha-ratambala, ii. 348
Maha-sarana, ii. 270
Maha-tawara, i. 287
Maha-undupiyali, i. 55
Maha-wal-kollu, ii. 84
Makulu, i. 75

Malitta, ii. 226
Mal-kéra, i. 233
Malmora, i. 118, 125
Manda-madini-wel, li. 372
Manel, i. 50

Mara, il. 128

Maran. ii. 17I
Maranda, ii. 171
Masbedde, i. 237
Mas-mora, ii. T2¢
Mayila, ii. 117
Médiya-wel, i. 295
Mé-karal, ii. 74

Mella, i. 257

Mendora, i. 126, 128
Méni-damba, ii. 180
Migon-karapincha, i. 22T
Mibhiriya, i. III
Mimini-mara, il. 133
Mi-wenna, i. 25
Molpetta, i. 250

Mora, i. 309

Mudilla, ii. 189
Mudu-awara, ii. 68
Mudu-gétakola, ii. 370
Mudu-murunga, ii. 95
Mudu-nelun, i. 251
Mugunu, ii. 265

Mun, ii. 72

Mun-éta, ii. 72
Murunga, i. 327
Muruta, ii. 228
Mussenda, ii. 323

Na, i. I05
Naghawalli, ii. 321
Na-imbul, i. 311
Na-mendora, i. 126
Napiritta, i. 152
Nara-wel, i. I, 2

Nava, i. 165
Nédun, ii. 97
Nelun, i. 51

Neralu, i. 271
Netawu, i. 28
Neya-dasse, i. 109
Nidikumba, ii. 123
Nigunu, ii. 265
Nika-dawulu, 1. 315

Nil-andana-hiriya, ii. 15
Nil-awari, ii. 26
Nil-katarodu, ii. 75
Nil-mé, ii. 74
Nil-pitcha, ii. 338
Niri-wel, i. 42
Niyan-vétakolu, ii. 251

Olinda-wel, ii. 57
Olu, i. 49
Omara, i. 24

Palala, i. 84
Palanga, i. 20
Palen, i, 274
Palu-kan, i. 20
Pamburu, i. 227
Pana, ii. 156
Panaka, i. 271
Pana-karawu, il. 343
Pandaru, li. 343
Panukéra, ii. 177
Patabambara, 1. 279
Patola, ii. 245
Patta-épala, 1. 147
Pattangi, il. 99
Pawatta, li. 349
Peddimella, 11. 338
Pehimbiya, i. 240
Pena-mihiriya, 1. 108
Penela, i. 306, 312
Penela-wel, i. 299
Peni-tora, il. 105
Péra, ii. 167

Petan, ii. 116
Petika-wel, i. 22
Péti-tora, il. 106
Pila, ii. 31

Pinibaru, ii. 187
Pini-beraliya, i. 123, 125
Pita-sudu-pala, ii. 312
Piyari, i. 271
Potu-honda, ii. 241
Pubbériya, i. 258
Pundalu, i. 311
Puswel, ii. 119
Puwak-gediya-wel, 193

Radaliya, ii. 2
Ranawara, ii. 106
Rasa-kinda, i. 39
Ran-manissa, 1. 57
Rasamora, i. 309
Rata-balat-wel, 1. 288
Rata-gowa, ll. 145
Rata-jambu, ii. 188
Rata-kékiri, ii. 250
Ratambala, i. 348
Rata sapu, i. 22
Rata-tora, ii. 80, 108
Rata-uguressa, i. 73
Rat-beraliya, 1. 125
Rat-kihiri, ii. 125
Rat-kohomba, il. 23
Rattota, i. 108
Ratu-mihiriya, i. 109

Ratu-tiya, i. 108
Ratu-wa, ll. 105
Rawan-idala, i. 297

Samadara, i. 231
Sapu, 1. 15

Saya, li. 316
Sembu-nerinchi, i. 194
Siviya, i. 237
Siyambala, ii. 114
Suriya, ii. 158
Suriya-mara, ll. 129
Suwanda, i. 104

Tarana, ll. 328
Télaberiya, il. 257
Telambu, i. 164
Tel-domba, i. 100
Tel-hiriya, 1. 285
Tembiliya, ii. 182
Tilo-guru, i. 80
Tiniya, i. 122

Titta, 1. 75
Titta-hondala, ii. 243
Titta-kinda, i. 39
Titta-wel, 1. 40
Titta-weralu, 1, 185
Tolol, i. 75

To-wel, i. 288
Tumba-karivila, ii. 249
Tumpat-kurundu, i. 223

Ubbériya, ii. £55
Uguressa, i. 73
Ulundu, ii. 72
Uru-éta, i. 260
Urugenda, i. 90
Uruhonda, i. 260, 274
Urukanu, i. 260
Utiu-tora, ii. 105

Wa, il. 108

Wadiga, ii. 330
Wal-aba, i. 57
Wal-amba, i. 317
Wal-awara, il. 67
Wal-awari, li. 25
Wal-bevila, i. 143
Wal-bilin, i. 230
Wal-asamodagan, ii. 279
Wal-buruta, 1. 15
Wal-diyalabu, i. 292
Wal-ékaweriya, il. 320
Wal-endaru, ii. 277, 280
Wal-gonika, ii. 359
Wal-karapincha, i. 218
Wal-kinda, i. 38
Wal-kobbe, i. 302
Wal-kollu, ii. 79
Walkopi i. 335
Wal-kudulu, i. 212
Wal-mé, ii. 70
Wal-mora, 1. 305
Wal-munamal, ii. 237
Wal-nanu, il. 36
Wal-nawahandi, ii. 266

Wal-niviti, i. 291
Wal-patpadagam, ii. 314
Wal-rasakinda, ii. 261
Wal-rat-diyaiabu, i. 294
Wal-sapu, i. 14
Walu-kina, i. 102
Wal-waraka, ii. 237
Wampara, i. 12
Wam-bodiya-wel, 1. 279
Wana-potu, i. 270
Wana-sapu, i. 22
Wanduru-mé, ii. 74
Wata-essa, li. 145
Wéda-pana, i. 222

Achchu, i. 178
Adampu, ii. 19
Akatti, ii. 35

Amarai, i. 303
Ampallai, i. 327
Anaikuntumani, ii, 120
Anaimullai, ii. 124
Anaittadichchal, i, 296
Atti, ii. 116
Attuchankulai, i. 76
Attukaddupuli, ii. rrr
Attuneddi, ii. 39
Avarai, ii. 106

Chadachchi, i. 175
Chaddavakku, i. 250
Charanai, ii. 270
Chavandalai, i. 173
Chaya, ii. 316
Chélampai, ii. 294
Cheppunerinchi, ii. 22
Chemmanatti, i. 190
Chettupulukodi, ii. x
Chevakanpudu, i. 143
Chilanti, i. 233

Chintil, i. 39
Chivanarvempu, ii. 23
Chiruchemmanatti, i. 191
Chirukandal, ii. 152
Chirillantai, i. 255
Chirunerinchi, i. 194
Chiruppayaru, ii. 72
Chirupiyari, i. 271
Chiruppadikkirai, ii. 269
Chirupunnai, i. 99
Chittamaddi, i. 143
Chittakatti, ii. 34
Chomuntiri, i. 167
Chundan, i. 277
Churai, i. 280, 282;

Ichavalai, ii. 132

il, 247

Index to Tamil Names.

Weéla, i. 57

Welanga, i. 169
Welangiriya, i. 64, 224
Wel-buté, ii. 136
Wel-butsarana, ii. 323
Wel-damaniya, ii. 63
Weli-kaha, ii. 222
Wel-kéliya, i. 176
Wéelipenna, ii. 157
Wel-mediya, i. 176
Wel-radaliya, ii. 3
Weni-wel, i. 41
Weralu, i. 184.
Weraniya, ii. 304

TAMIL* NAMES.

Tlantai, i. 280
Tyamalai, il, 132
Iyavakai, ii. 10

Kachaddai, ii. 19
Kachchantiray, ii. 271
Kadalranchi, i, 256
Kadukkay, ii. 159
Kadukkodi, i. 45
Kadduma, i. 317
Kaddumallikai, ii. 352
Kaddumuntiri, i. 291
Kaddupuli, ii. 112
Kakaipalai, i. 218; ii, 237
Kaludai, ii. 124
Kandai, i. 215
Kandal, ii. 151
Kannakompu, i, 246
Kannu, il. 156

Karai, ii. 330, 346
Karanai, li, 328
Karankutti, 1, 348
Karivempu, i. 220
Karukkuvachchi, 1, 272
Karunchurai, i, 64
Karuttappu, ii. 75
Karuvel, ii. 122
Katkarai, i. 233
Kattikaya, il. 222
Kattoddi, i. 61
Katukali, i. 73
Katuperatti, i, 178
Kavali, i. 164

Kavani, ii. 103
Kavarachu, i. 158
Kaya, ii. 182

Kilivai, i, 236
Kilukiluppai, il, 15
Kinnai, ii. 230

Kiri, i. 91
Kodalimurunkai, ii, 125
Kodippayaru, il. 74

392

Weétakolu, ii. 252
Wisaduli, i. 146 footnote

Yakada-wel, i. 22, 279
Yakahalu, i. 121, 123
Yak-bériya, ii. 19
Yak-erabadu, ii. 64
Yak-eraminiya, i. 281
Yakinaran, i. 227
Yak-komadu, ii. 253
Yogana-wel, ii. 372

Koditaviddai, i. 174
Kokottai, i. 98
Koliavarai, ii. 67
Kolinchi, ii. 31
Kona, ii. 128
Kongu, i. 70
Konnai, i. 275
Korakkaipuli, i. 95
Kovvai, ii. 247
Kula, i. 304
Kuntumani, ii. 57
Kuruntu, i. 227
Kutiraivali, ii. 44

Makal, i. 75
Malaiparutti, i. 166
Malaivempu, i. 243
Manali, ii. 273.
Malanninchil, ii. 285
Manchalkadampa, li. 203
Manchavanna, li. 354
Mara-illupai, i, 24
Marungi, ii. 171
Marutonti, ii. 228
Marutu, ii. 160
Mayladikkuruntu, ii, 228
Metukku, ii, 250

Minni, ii. 76
Mochumochukkai, ii. 254, 260
Motirakanni, i. 189
Mudkondai, i. 63
Mutirai, i. 253
Mulanninchil, i. 73
Mulkilivai, i. 237
Mullu-murukku, ii. 63

Naka, i. 105
Nakakalli, ii. 267
Nanti, ii. 25

Narilantai, i. 282
Narippayaru, ii. 71
Nattaichchuri, ii. 37%

* Lam ignorant of the correct spelling of many of these names, and have been unable to
give the proper English transliteration in such cases,

392

Naval, ii. 179
Navala, i. 59
Navilankai, i. 59
Nedunarai, i. 24
Neykkoddan, i. 307
Nirkadampa, ii. 294
Nirnaval, ii. 174
Nurai, i. 309
Nutipakal, li, 248

Odai, ii. 123
Odi, i. 318
Oritadtamarai, i. 67

Painkuray, ii. 348
Pakal, ii. 248
Pakkilipal, i. 239
Palampadu, i. 145
Paluppakal, ii. 249
Panalai, i. 307
Pannai, i. 22T

Panir, ii. 338
Papparappuli, i. 159
Parasu, il. 66
Parutti, i. 160
Patpadakam, ii. 272
Pavaddai, ii. 349
Pavaddaikaya, li. 222
Perilantai, i. 280
Perukka, i. 159
Perunkuruntu, i. 226
Perumaddi, i. 153
Perunaval, ii. 179
Perunpiyari, i. 271
Peruntutti, i. 145
Peykkomaddi, ii. 253
Peykuruntu, i. 227
Peyppichukku, ii. 252
Peyppudal, ii. 256

Phandatullai, ii. 6z
Pichukku, ii. 251
Pichchuvilatti, 1. 63
Pikku, ii. 251
Pirandai, i. 289
Piyari, i. 271
Podivilangu, ii. 245
Ponnaimurankai, ii. 129
Ponnantakarai, ii. 105
Puchini, ii. 252
Pudal, ii. 245

Pudan, ii. 331

Puli, ii. 115
Pulikkirai, i. 89
Punku, ii. 91
Punaikkalaichchi, ii. 98, 61
Punnai, i. 100
Punnikki, i. 171
Purankainari, i. 221
Puvarachu, i. 158
Puvu, i. 304

Takarai, ii. 105
Tamarai, i. 51
Tanakku, i li. 165
Tanti, i. 159
Tattappayaru, ii. 76
Tavarai ii. 80
Taviddai, i. 176
Tayirvalai, i. 57
Tekil, ii. 9
Tévataram, i. 190
Tirukkontai, ii. 103
Tiruvatti, ii. 116
Tommakottai, i. 100
Tumpai, ii. 249
Tumpalai, i. 129
Tuvadi, i. 284

LONDON:

Index to Tamil Names.

Udai, ii. 123
Udaivel, ii. 124
Uluntu, ii. 72
Uluvintai, i. 25
Uyil, ii. r30

Vaddutakarai, ii. 106
Vaddattutti, i. 145, 154
Vakai, ii. 104, 108, 128
Vallarai, ii. 276
Vallampuri, i, 168
Vammi, ii. 292
Vandakkay, i. 156
Vankiruvalai, 11.268
Vanni, ii. Tor
Vatchikuran, 11. 343
Vedchi, ii. 348
Vekkali, ii. 162

Vella, ii. 336
Vellaikadampa, ii. 293
Veluruvai, ii. 88
Velvel, ii. 125
Vempadam, i. 279
Vempu, i. 244
Venachchi, i. 61
Venkai, ii. 90
Venkalikaya, ii. 182, 222
Vet-pavaddai, ii. 351
Vidattal, ii. r2r
Vidpani, i. 172

Vila, i. 228

Vildtti, i i, 228

Vili, i. 60

Vilvam, i. 229
Vinanku, i. 169
Virali, i. 312

Yar, ii. 371
Yerkoli, ii. 343

Printed by STRANGEWAYS AND Sons, Tower Street, Cambridge Circus, W.C.

Weseny
Bie
hits

75 Bh ahs Garden Library

ii

ais Saag ll

7

lia bal
ek
5,

oo

Pedi el
Pearce ih

prale
te