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HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


OP 


Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania. 


PREPARED  FOR 


THE  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION, 


HELD   AT 


Ghambersburg,  Pa.,  July  4, 1876. 
By  I.  II.  M'CAIILEY. 


'Incompleteness  pervades  all  things  human." — Dryden. 


SECOND  EDITION— ENLARGED. 


HARIIISBURG,  PA.: 

PATRIOT   PUBLISHING   COMPANY. 

18t8. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1878,  by 

I.  H.  M'CAULEY, 

In  the  OflBce  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


Hl^ 


PREFATORY. 

The  undersigned,  in  the  following  "Sketch,"  has  not  at- 
tempted to  give  a  complete  History  of  our  county.  He  has 
sought,  chiefly,  to  bring  to  notice  those  matters  which  have 
escaped  the  attention  of  former  writers.  In  doing  this,  his 
labors  have  been  greatly  augmented  by  the  loss  of  the  Public 
Records  of  the  county,  and  the  destruction  of  private  papers, 
in  the  great  fire  of  July  30th,  1864.  He  trusts,  however,  that 
he  has  brought  together  many  things  connected  with  the  Past, 
that  cannot  fail  to  interest  the  general  reader ;  and  in  the  7c] 
Lists  of  C  jngressional,  Judicial  and  other  Public  Oflicers  of 
,    3t  times,  he  believes  the  people  will  find  a  Record  both 

iful  and  interesting. 

The  undersigned  hereby  returns  his  sincere  thanks  to  Hon. 

hn  B.  Linn,  Deputy  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  ; 
xiiomas  M'Camant,  Esq.,  his  Chief  Clerk,^  and  B.  F.  Chand- 
ler, Esq.,  of  the  same  office  ;  0.  H.  Miller,  Esq.,  State  Libra- 
rian, and  J.  R.  Orwig,  Esq.,  his  assistant;  B.  M.  Nead,  Esq., 
of  the  Auditor  General's  Office  ;  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Egle,  of  Harris- 
burg  ;  Robert  M.  Agnew,  Esq.,  of  Lancaster  ;  Hon.  Edward 
M'Pherson,  of  Gettysburg;  Dr.  C.  T.  Maclay,  Dr.  Wm.  C. 
Lane  and  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Boyle,  and  the  various  gentlemen  of 
the  local  committees  of  our  county,  and  others  of  our  citizens, 
for  the  valuable  aid  given  by  them  in  furnishing  information 
and  materials  needed  in  the  prosecution  of  his  labors. 

I.  H.  M'CAULEY, 

November,  1876.  Chambersburg,  Pa. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH. 


I. 

BEFORE    THE   COUNTY'S    FORMATION. 

The  discover}'  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus  in  1492, 
was  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  rulers  of  Europe,  in  that  it 
furnished  to  them  a  means  of  getting  rid,  for  the  time  at  least, 
of  many  of  the  restless,  unruly,  and  dangerous  spirits  frequent- 
ing their  Courts,  by  sending  them  off  on  voyages  of  discovery 
to  the  new  world.  Such  enterprises  always  possessed  attrac- 
tions of  the  most  alluring  character  to  such  persons,  as  they 
promised  ricli  rewards  in  plunder  and  untold  increase  of  honor. 

The  mode  of  acquiring  title  to  the  unknoAvn  lands  of  the 
West,  then  in  vogue,  had  in  it  more  of  form  than  of  fact — more 
of  might  than  of  right.  It  consisted  in  authorizing  some  bold 
navigator,  or  renowned  warrior,  to  seize  upon  and  claim  for 
the  sovereign  under  whose  authority  he  was  acting,  any  and 
all  imsettled  countries  he  might  find,  and  the  mode  of  opera- 
tion, as  is  well  known,  was  to  land  upon  the  coast,  or  in  some 
bay  or  river,  plant  a  cross  emblazoned  with  the  insignia  of  his 
nationality,  unfurl  his  flag,  and  claim  all  the  regions  around 
for  his  own  monarch,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  claimants. 
In  this  consisted  the  vaunted  "Right  of  Prior  Discover}'" — a 
kind  of  kingly  "squatter  sovereignt}'" — a  term  much  known 
to  and  quarreled  over  by  the  people  of  these  free  States  in 
years  not  long  since  passed  away. 

It  seems  as  if  the  discovery  of  America  was  made  in  ad- 
vance of  the  necessities  of  the  world,  for  near  two  centuries 
passed  away  before  the  vast  territories  thus  opened  up  to 
settlement  and  cultivation  became  available  for  any  real  good 
to  the  mass  of  mankind.  During  tliese  long  years  the  New 
World  witnessed  many  a  scene  of  rapine  and  bloodshed,  com- 
mitted by  the  followers  of  those  knights  of  the  sword  and 
pistol,  the  musquetoon  and  the  cannon, by  whom  the  discoveries 
were  made.  The  French,  the  Spanish,  the  Germans,  and  the 
English  contended  for  the  supremacy  all  along  the  coast  from 


6  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF   FHANKLIN   COUNTY. 

Labrador  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  their  monarchs  lavishly 
granted  awa}'  princely  domains  to  favorite  courtiers,  or  to 
troublesome  subjects,  sometimes  for  friendship,  and  at  other 
times  for  monc}^,  of  which  "latter  they  were  always  in  great 
need. 

GRANT    TO   WILLIAM  PENN, 

Acting  upon  both  these  principles,  Charles  II.  of  England 
on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1681,  primarily  for  a  debt  of  £16,- 
000  (or  about  $80,000  of  our  money)  owing  by  his  father, 
Charles  I.,  to  Admiral  Sir  William  Penn,  deceased,  the  father 
of  William  Penn,  granted  to  the  latter  a  district  of  country 
Ij'ing  west  of  the  Delaware  river,  and  corresponding  very 
nearly  to  the  territory  embraced  in  the  present  State  of  Penn- 
sj'lvania — or  "Penn's  Woods" — which  name  the  King  bestowed 
upon  it  in  honor  of  the  father  of  the  new  proprietor,  and 
against  his  protestations.  Thus  our  whole  Commonwealth, 
containing  over  twenty-eight  millions  of  acres,  (28,362,880)  of 
the  most  beautiful  and  valuable  land  on  the  continent  of 
America  was  l^artered  away  b}'  King  Charles  for  a  sum  not 
equal  to  the  present  price  of  half  a  dozen  farms  in  our  valley. 

The  Duke  of  York,  afterwards  James  II.  of  England,  was 
then  the  owner  of  the  territory  now  embraced  in  the  State  of 
Delaware,  under  a  grant  from  his  brother,  King  Charles  II., 
made  in  1664,  and  Penn,  who  wished  to  have  free  access  to  the 
sea  from  his  new  possessions,  purchased  it  from  him  in  the  suc- 
ceeding year.  Thus  it  came  that  for  many  years  after  the  es- 
tablishment of  Penn's  government  here,  Delaware,  or  the  three 
lower  counties  of  "Xew  Castle,  Kent  and  Sussex,"  were  in- 
cluded in  and  formed  part  of  the  territory  of  Pennsylvania. 

William  Penn,  at  the  time  he  received  his  grant  from  King 
Charles  II.,  was  about  thirty-seven  years  of  age.  He  was  a 
man  of  elegant  presence,  of  large  wealth,  of  fair  education, 
and  deeply  imbued  with  the  principles  of  his  religious  sect. 
He  had  been  persecuted  time  and  again  because  of  his  religious 
opinions  ;  had  been  imprisoned  and  fined,  and  had  appealed, 
without  success,  to  Parliament  for  toleration  and  protection 
for  his  co-religionists  and  for  himself. 

Despairing  of  success  at  home,  Penn  was  the  mord  anxious 
to  secure  a  home  for  his  persecuted  brethren  in  the  New 
AVorld,  to  which  considerable  numbers  of  them  had  already 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  i 

emigrated.  Of  the  territory  granted  to  him  he  was  made 
absolute  proprietor.  Its  people  were  secured  in  the  right  of 
self-government  through  representatives  elected  by  their  own 
votes  ;  religious  equality  was  guaranteed  to  all ;  no  taxes 
were  to  be  imposed  save  by  their  own  legislatures,  or  by  act 
of  Parliament,  and  the  power  to  annul  their  laws  was  only 
to  be  exercised  b}'  the  King  and  his  Council,  when  those  laws 
were  contrary  to  the  laws  of  England. 

William  Penn,  and  those  colonists  who  came  with  him, 
reached  New  Castle,  Delaware,  on  the  2Tth  of  October,  1682. 
In  the  presence  of  the  Swedish,  Dutch  and  English  settlers 
whom  he  found  there,  he  pledged  himself  to  the  people  that 
the}'  should  ever  have  "liberty  of  conscience,  and  the  full  and 
free  enjoyment  of  all  their  civil  rights.  "I  propose,"  said  he, 
■"to  leave  myself  and  my  successors  no  power  of  doing  mischief, 
that  the  will  of  no  one  man  may  hinder  the  good  of  the  whole 
countr}'." 

penn's  treaty. 

One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  new  proprietor  was  to  call  to- 
gether the  chiefs  of  the  neighboring  tribes  of  Indians  and 
enter  into  the  celebrated  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship  with 
them,  under  the  spreading  elm  at  Shackamaxon — now  Kensing- 
ton, in  the  cit}'  of  Philadelphia — a  treaty  that  was  confirmed 
by  no  oaths,  and  had  for  its  basis  simply  a  promise  of  peace 
and  good  will,  fair  dealing  and  fair  treatment  in  all  the  re- 
lations of  the  future.  It  remained  unbroken  for  fifty  j'ears, 
and  well  would  it  have  been  for  those  who  in  after  times  suc- 
ceeded the  upright  and  peace-loving  Quakers,  if  they  had 
always  practiced  towards  the  red  men  of  the  land  the  teach- 
ings of  William  Penn.  Had  the}'  done  so  hundreds  of  valu- 
able lives  would  have  been  saved,  and  many  years  of  war, 
rapine  and  bloodshed  averted  from  the  hardy,  industrious  and 
fearless  settlers  of  the  hills  and  valleys  of  our  magnificent 
State. 

FIRST    COUNTIES. 

The  first  counties  erected  in  the  State  were  Philadelphia, 
Bucks  and  Chester,  in  1682.  The  latter  extended  westward 
to  the  western  boundary  of  Penn's  territorial  claim,  and  north- 
ward I  know  not  exactly  how  far.     It,  however,  included  the 


8  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

territory  eBibraced  in  this  county.  On  the  10th  of  May,  1729, 
the  county  of  Lancaster  Avas  erected  out  of  the  western  part 
of  Chester  count}',  and  this  section  of  country  was  embraced 
within  its  limits,  and  there  remained  until  the  erection  of 
Cumberland  county,  on  the  2Tth  of  January,  1150,  a  period  of 
over  twenty  years, 

SETTLEMENT  OF    THE    CUMBERLAND    VALLEY. 

There  were  no  white  settlers  in  this  region  that  I  have  been 
able  to  hear  of,  in  the  year  1129.  There  may  have  been  oc- 
casional visits  made  by  hunters  and  scouts,  but  if  so  we  have 
no  records  of  them.  The  land  la}'  open  in  all  its  virgin  beauty, 
its  sole  occupants  being  scattered  bands  of  the  Susquehanna 
and  Shawanese  tribes  of  Indians,  who  held  a  nominal  pos- 
session of  it  under  the  protection  of  the  Iroquois  or  Six 
Nations. 

Neither  William  Penn  nor  his  sons,  John,  Thomas  and  Rich- 
ard, who  succeeded  to  his  rights  as  proprietors  of  the  colony 
after  his  death  in  1118,  were  ever  willing  tliat  settlements 
should  be  made  anywhere  in  their  new  possessions  without  the 
consent  of  the  Indians,  until  their  claims  to  the  soil  had  been 
extinguished  by  purchase.  Thus  for  nearly  seventy  years  the 
best  state  of  feeling  existed  between  the  settlers  and  the  In- 
dians. The  latter  were  pleased  to  have  the  former  come  amongst, 
them,  pointed  out  voluntarily  the  most  desirable  locations  for 
settlement,  encouraged  the  making  of  improvements,  and  lived 
in  peace  with  those  who  thus  became  their  neighbors. 

The  lands  in  the  "  Kittochtinnj-,"  or  present  Cumberland 
Yalley,  were  not  purchased  from  the  Indians  until  October, 
11 3 G,  and  were  not,  therefore,  before  that  time  open  for  sale 
But  for  several  years  prior  to  that  period  the  agents  of  the 
proprietors,  knowing  the  feelings  of  the  Indians  to  be  favor- 
able, had  encouraged  settlers  to  come  hither,  and  had  issued 
to  them  special  licenses  for  the  settlement  and  securing  of 
such  tracts  of  land  beyond  the  Susquehanna  or "  Long- 
Crooked  river,"  as  might  please  their  fancy.  The  lands  em- 
braced in  Amberson's  Valley,  Horse  Valley,  Path  Valley  and 
the  present  counties  of  Bedford,  Fulton,  Blair,  Huntingdon, 
Mifflin,  Juniata  and  Snyder  were  not  purchased  from  the  In- 
dians imtil  October  2od,  1158. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  ^ 

History  says  that  Benjamin  Chambers  was  the  first  white 
man  who  made  a  settleanent  in  what  is  now  known  as  the  county 
of  Franklin.  He  was  a  native  of  the  county  Antrim,  Ireland, 
of  Scotch  descent,  and  between  the  years  1726  and  1730  emi- 
grated with  his  brothers  James,  Robert  and  Joseph,  to  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania.  At  that  time  neither  Lancaster,, 
York,  Harrisburg  or  Carlisle  had  any  existence.  Harris'  Ferry 
was  the  most  prominent  place  in  the  interior  of  the  State  and 
to  that  point  the  Chambers  brothers  made  their  way.  The 
beautiful  Valley  west  of  the  '•  Ferry,"  in  Lancaster  county, 
then  called  by  some  the  "  Kittochtinny,"  and  b}^  others  the 
"  North"  Valley — now  the  Cumberland  Valley,  which  name 
was  given  to  it  after  the  formation  of  Cumberland  county  in 
1750 — attracted  their  attention,  and  these  adventurous  broth- 
ers were  among  the  first  to  explore  and  settle  in  it.  James 
made  a  settlement  at  the  head  of  Green  Spring,  near  Avhere 
Xewville  now  stands ;  Robert  at  the  head  of  Middle  Spring, 
near  where  Shippeusburg  now  stands,  and  Benjamin  and  Joseph 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Conococheague  Creek  and  the  Falling 
Spring,  where  the  town  of  Chambersburg  is  situated.  Having 
heard  of  the  beaut}'  of  the  location  upon  which  our  town  now 
stands,  Benjamin  boldly  pushed  out  into  the  wilderness,  was 
kindly  received  by  the  Indians,  and  obtained  permission  to 
settle  on  the  place  of  his  choice  and  make  it  his  own.  This 
was  about  the  year  1730.  Joseph  Chambers  did  not  remain 
long  here,  but  by  an  arrangement  among  the  brothers  returned 
to  their  property  on  the  Susquehanna,  at  the  mouth  of  Fish- 
ing Creek.  Benjamin  remained  here  and  improved  his  location 
by  the  erection  of  a  hewed  log  house,  covered  by  lapped  shin- 
gles fastened  with  nails.  This  improvement  Avas  afterwards,  dur- 
ing his  absence,  burnt  by  an  unprincipled  hunter  to  get  the 
nails  used  in  the  roof. 

On  the  30th  of  March,  1734,  Thomas  Blunston,  the  agent  of 
the  proprietaries,  gave  Benjamin  Chambers  a  license  "to  take 
and  settle  and  improve  four  hundred  acres  of  land  at  the  Fall- 
ing Spring's  mouth,  and  on  both  sides  of  the  Conococheage 
Creek,  for  the  convenience  of  a  grist  mill  and  plantation."  Such 
licenses  were  given  by  the  agents  of  the  proprietaries  in  ad- 
vance of  the  extinguishment  of  the  Indian  title  to  the  land, 
in  order  to  fill  up  the  Valley  speedily  as  far  south  as  possible 


10  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

■with  tliose  taking  title  from  them,  and  thus  crowd  out  and  pre- 
vent the  encroachments  of  settlers  under  Maryland  rights, 
whose  frontier  posts,  because  of  the  disputes  and  long  delay- 
in  determining  the  boundary  between  the  two  colonies,  w^ere 
creeping  too  far  westward  and  too  much  northward  to  suit  the 
views  of  the  Pennsylvania  authorities. 

Benjamin  Chambers  was  the  youngest  of  the  four  brothers, 
being,  according  to  the  statement  of  Hon.  George  Chambers, 
al)out  twent\'-one  years  of  age  when  he  made  his  settlement 
on  the  Falling  Spring.  Being  a  millwright  by  trade  he  at 
once  erected  a  saw  mill  near  the  mouth  of  the  Spring  for  his 
own  convenience  and  the  accommodation  of  others  disposed 
to  settle  in  the  surrounding  wilderness.  A  few  years  after- 
wards he  erected  a  flouring  mill,  an  improvement  which  con- 
tributed much  to  the  comfort  of  his  neighbors — and  was  re- 
sorted to  by  many  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  regions  west  of 
the  mountains  hundreds  of  miles  away. 

Mr.  Chambers  did  not  obtain  a  patent  for  his  land,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Falling  Spring  and  Conococheague  Creek,  until 
the  14th  of  March,  1*764,  and  it  then  contained  five  hundred 
and  twenty-three  acres  and  allowance. 

CUMBERLAND    VALLEY   IN    1730-60. 

We  all  know  what  this  part  of  our  valley  now  is,  with  its 
thousands  of  large,  well-improved  and  well-tilled  farms,  and  its 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  acres  of  elegant  and  valuable  tim- 
bered lands.  But  if  the  reports  which  historians  give  us  of  its 
characteristics  in  1730-35  be  true,  it  must  have  then  presented 
a  very  different  appearance.  Day,  in  his  "  Historical  Collec- 
tions of  Pennsj'lvania,"  says  :  "It  is  a  tradition  well  supported, 
that  a  great  part  of  the  best  lands  in  the  Conococheague  Tal- 
ley  were,  at  the  first  settlement  of  the  countr^^,  what  is  now 
called  in  the  Western  States  prairie.  The  land  was  without 
timber,  covered  with  a  rich,  luxuriant  grass,  with  some  scat- 
tered trees,  hazel  bushes,  wild  plums  and  crab  apples.  It  was 
then  generally  called  the  '  barrens.'  The  timber  was  to  be 
found  on  or  near  the  water  courses,  and  on  the  slate  soil.  This 
accounts  for  the  preference  given  by  the  early  Scotch-Irish 
settlers  to  the  slate  lands  before  the  limestone  lands  were  sur- 
vej-ed  or  located.  The  slate  lands  had  the  attractions  of  wood, 
water  courses  and  water  meadows,  and  were  free  from  rock  at 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  11 

the  surface.  Before  the  introduction  of  clover,  artificial  grasses, 
and  the  improved  S3'stem  of  agriculture,  the  hilly  limestone 
land  had  its  soil  washed  off,  was  disfigured  with  great  gullies, 
and  was  sold  as  unprofitable  for  a  trifle  b}'  the  proprietors,  who 
sought  other  lands  in  Western  Penns^^lvania." 

Rupp,  in  his  history  of  this  county,  says  that  the  Reverend 
Michael  Schlatter,  a  German  Reformed  minister,  passed  through 
this  section  of  country  in  the  year  1748,  and  in  a  letter  dated 
May  9th,  1148,  says:  "  On  the  Cono-go-gig  we  reached  the 
house  of  an  honest  schioeitzer^  (supposed  to  be  Jacob  Snively, 
of  Antrim  township,)  where  we  received  kind  entertainment 
with  thankfulness.  In  this  neighborhood  there  are  very  fine 
lands  for  cultivation  and  pasture,  exceedingly  fruitful  without 
the  application  of  manures.  The  Turkish  corn  (Indian  maize) 
grows  to  the  height  of  ten  feet,  and  higher,  and  the  grasses  are 
remarkably  fine.  Hereabouts  there  still  remain  a  good  num- 
ber of  Indians,  the  original  dwellers  of  the  soil.  They  arc 
hospitable  and  quiet,  and  well  affected  to  the  christians  until 
the  latter  make  them  drunk  with  strong  drink." 

When  we  look  at  the  immense  bodies  of  fine  timber  in  the 
limestone  regions  of  our  county,  and  compare  the  productive- 
ness of  our  limestone  lands  with  that  of  our  slate  lands,  we 
cannot  but  think  that  'Hradition'^  must  have  been  in  error  in 
this  report.  But,  whether  correct  or  incorrect  in  this  regard, 
the  fact  is  undeniable  that  the  country  was  very  rapidly  set- 
tled. The  Scotch-Irish,  that  "  pugnacious  and  impracticable 
race,"  as  one  of  the  early  governors  called  them,  flowed  into  the 
valley  in  vast  numbers,  and  from  1730  to  1735,  settled  upon 
and  improved  large  tracts  of  land  at  various  points,  from  the 
Susquehanna  to  the  southern  line  of  the  province,  and  by  their 
presence  and  well-known  attachment  to  Protestant  modes  of 
thought  and  government,  forever  put  to  rest  all  the  fears  of  the 
proin-ietaries  that  the  adherents  of  Catholic  Maryland  would 
ever  take  away  from  them  their  rights  along  the  southern  boun- 
daries of  their  possessions.  . — ^" 

MASON  AND  DIXON'S  LINE. 

And  here  it  ma}^  not,  perhaps,  be  out  of  place  to  devote  a 
few  minutes  to  the  consideration  of  the  facts  connected  with 
a  question  long  since  settled,  but  one  which  for  eighty  3'ears 


12  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

occupied  the  attention  of  tlie  autliorities  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland,  which  led  to  much  bad  feeling  between  the  citizens 
of  contiguous  territories,  to  riots,  and  even  to  bloodshed  ; 
which,  after  many  unavailing  attempts  at  settlement  here  in 
the  New  World,  was  adjourned  to  the  presence  of  the  King 
and  his  Lords  in  Council  in  the  Old  World,  and  which,  long 
after  the  death  of  the  original  parties  in  interest,  the  Quaker 
Penn  and  the  Cavalier  Calvert,  Lord  Baltimore,  was  on  this 
da}'  (the  4th  of  July,  IVCO)  one  hundred  and  sixteen  years 
ago,  amicably  settled  by  their  descendants.  I  refer  to  the 
boundary  line  between  the  colonies  of  Pennsylvania  and  Mary- 
land, a  line  for  the  past  one  hundred  and  ninety  years  known 
as  "Mason  and  Dixou's  Line,"  because  it  was  run  and  marked 
upon  the  ground  by  Charles  Mason  and  Jeremiah  Dixon,  two 
English  astronomers,  in  1767,  under  appointment  from  the 
Penns  and  Lord  Baltimore.  It  forms  the  southern  boundary 
of  our  county  at  39°  43'  2G.3"  of  north  latitude.  For  one 
hundred  and  thirty-two  miles,  or  to  the  eastern  base  of  Side- 
ling Hill  mountain,  at  the  end  of  every  fifth  mile  a  stone  was 
planted,  on  which  were  engraven  the  arms  of  the  proprietors 
on  the  sides  facing  their  possessions,  respectively,  the  inter- 
mediate miles  being  noted  each  by  a  stone  having  M  on  the 
one  side  and  P  on  the  other.  I  have  no  doubt  many  of  you 
have  seen  these  stones  scattered  along  the  southern  boundar}' 
of  our  county. 

In  order  to  understand  properly  this  long  vexed  question, 
a  brief  recurrence  to  the  history  of  the  early  settlements  made 
on  our  Atlantic  coast  will  be  necessary. 

The  knowledge  of  American  geography,  in  those  days,  was 
very  imperfect.  It  eml)raced  little  beyond  the  great  head- 
lands, bays  and  rivers,  and  their  true  positions  were  not  relial)ly 
known.  But  the  monarchs  of  the  Old  World,  who  cared  little 
about  their  undeveloped  possessions  in  the  New  World,  and 
who  executed  conveyances  which  covered  the  larger  parts  of 
a  continent,  assumed  that  they  knew  all  about  the  localities 
of  capes,  baj's,  islands  and  rivers  and  towns,  and  that  the  dis- 
tances they  placed  them  apart  were  reliable.  They  were  less 
precise  in  the  location  of  points,  and  in  the  use  of  terms  which 
Avere  to  define  tlie  boundaries  of  future  States,  than  we  are 
now  in  describing  a  town  lot.     The  conse(i[uences  were  con. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  33 

dieting  grants,  leading  to  long  and  angry  disputes,  such  as  that 
which  grew  out  of  the  conflicting  claims  arising  out  of  the 
l30undary  line  between  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania. 

It  appears  that  a  certain  Captain  John  Smith,  a  hold  navi- 
g-ator  of  the  early  part  of  the  ITth  century,  had  been  emploj'ed 
by  the  companies  to  whom  King  James  I.  of  England  had 
granted  the  greater  part  of  his  American  possessions,  to  ex- 
plore our  coast  and  make  a  map  of  the  true  location  of  its 
■capes,  bays,  rivers,  &c.  Having  finished  his  surveys,  he  re- 
turned to  England  in  lfil4  and  made  out  a  map  and  an  account 
of  his  explorations,  which  he  presented  to  the  King's  son, 
.afterwards  Charles  I.,  who  thereupon  named  the  territory  Neio 
England. 

In  June,  1G32,  King  Charles  I.  granted  to  Cecilius  Calvert 
(Lord  Baltimore)  all  the  land  from  thirty-eight  degrees  of 
north  latitude  "unto  that  part  of  Delaware  Bay  which  lieth 
under  the  fortieth  degree  of  nortli  latitude,  where  New  Eng- 
land terminates;  and  all  that  tract  of  land, /rom  the  afore- 
said hay  of  Delaivare,  in  a  right  line^  by  the  degree  aforesaid ., 
to  the  true  meridian  of  the  first  fountain  of  the  river  Potomacy 

At  that  time  the  whole  territory  within  this  grant,  with  the 
exception  of  a  small  settlement  upon  Kent's  Island,  in  the 
Chesapeake!  jbay,  was  a  wilderness,  uninhabited  by  a  single 
white  man.  Captain  John  Smith's  map  was  relied  upon  in 
fixing  the  boundaries  of  Maryland,  and  for  years  afterwards 
Lord  Baltimore  and  his  heirs  paid  no  particular  attention  to 
where  those  boundaries  really  were.  The  grant  to  them  was 
undoubtedly  intended  to  carrj'  Maryland  up  to  New  England^ 
and  out  to  the  hanks  of  the  Delaware  eastward^  and  to  the 
sources  of  the  Potomac  on  the  west. 

In  1638  the  first  Swedish  colonists  landed  in  the  Delaware, 
and  bought  from  the  natives  they  found  there  rights  to  settle 
along  the  western  shore  of  the  bay  and  the  river  up  as  high 
as  the  Trenton  Falls.  They  were  unwittingly  trespassing  upon 
Lord  Baltimore's  territor}'.  They  multiplied  rapidly  in  num- 
bers, built  forts  and  towns,  and  were  ver^'  successful  in  culti- 
vating the  soil  and  in  obtaining  and  retaining  the  good  will  of 
the  surrounding  Indians.  In  1055  the  Dutch  conquered  the 
Swedes,  and  annexed  their  little  State  to  the  Dutch  possessions 
at  New  York. 


14  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

In  1664  King  Charles  II.  granted  New  York,  Delaware,  and 
the  greater  part  of  New  Jersey  to  his  brother,  the  Duke  of 
York,  afterwards  James  II.  So  far  as  this  grant  purported 
to  give  away  the  territory  embraced  in  the  present  State  of 
Delaware,  it  was  undoubtedly  a  violation  of  the  grant  made 
b}^  King  Charles  I.,  in  1632,  to  Lord  Baltimore.  His  succes- 
sor endeavored,  without  success,  to  have  this  grant  annulled. 

In  1681  William  Penn  obtained  his  grant  from  Charles  II. 
When  he  petitioned  for  it,  in  1680,  it  was  stated  that  it  was 
desired  to  lie  west  of  the  Delaware  river,  and  north  of  Mary- 
land. It  is  well  known  that  Lord  Baltimore's  charter  was  the 
model  used  by  Penn  when  he  drafted  his  own  charter  for  Penn- 
sylvania. He  had  thus  express  notice  that  Mar3dand  reached 
to  the  Delaware  bay,  and  included  all  the  land  abutting  thereon 
''^  which  lieth  under  the  fo7'tieth  degree  of  north  latitude.,  where 
New  England  terminates.^''  A  degree  of  latitude  is  not  a  mere 
line.,  but  is  a  definite  quantity,  or  belt,  upon  the  earth's  surface, 
of  sixty-nine  and  a-half  statute  miles  in  width,  and  nothing 
short  of  the  northern  end  of  those  sixty-nine  and  a-half  miles 
will  complete  a  degree  of  latitude.  Therefore,  the  end  of  the 
northern  boundary  of  Mar3dand  undouljtedly  was  where  the 
forty-first  degree  of  north  latitude  commenced,  for  the  New 
England  grant  was/V-07?i  the  fortieth  degree. 

But  where  was  the  fortieth  degree  of  north  latitude  believed 
to  be  in  1632,  when  Lord  Baltimore's  grant  was  made;  and  in 
1681,  when  William  Penn  received  his  grant?  In  making 
these  grants,  history  says  Captain  Smith's  map  of  1614  was 
used,  and  was  believed  to  be  correct.  By  that  map  the  for- 
tieth degree  is  laid  down  as  crossing  the  Delaware  a  little  below 
where  New  Castle  stands,  whilst  its  true  location  is  now  known 
to  be  a  little  over  nineteen  miles  north  of  that  point.,  and  above 
the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

This  error  was  not  discovered  until  in  the  year  1682.  Its 
consequences  vipon  their  respective  claims  and  rights  was  at 
once  seen  and  duly  estimated  by  the  parties  most  deeply  in- 
terested— Penn,  Lord  Baltimore  and  the  Duke  of  York.  The 
former  was  most  deeply  disappointed — Lord  Baltimore  was 
elated — the  Duke  of  York  was  rather  indiflereut.  He  was  near 
the  throne,  being  the  next  heir  to  it,  and  feared  not  the  result. 
Besides,  he  was  in  possession.  It  was  ilwx^pjower  ?iga.\n%i parch- 
ment as  far  as  he  was  concerned.     Penn  concluded  that  might 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  15 

would  eventually  become  right.  He  bought  the  Duke  of  York's 
title.  A  long  contest  of  eighty  j-ears  followed.  King  Charles 
died  in  1685,  and  the  Duke  of  York  succeeded  him  as  James 
II.  Lord  Baltimore  had  nothing  to  expect  in  that  quarter. 
In  June,  1691,  William  III.  annulled  the  charter  of  Maryland, 
and  constituted  the  colon}'  a  royal  province,  of  which  he  ap- 
pointed Sir  Lionel  Copley  Governor.  In  1715  Benedict  Charles 
Calvert,  the  fourth  Lord  Baltimore,  obtained  from  King  George 
La  restoration  of  his  rights.  In  1718  William  Penn  died, and 
the  boundary -line  contest  went  on  year  after  year,  each  party 
claiming  authority  over,  and  granting  lands  in  the  disputed 
territory,  until  the  year  1738,  when  the  heirs  of  Penn  and  Lord 
Baltimore  made  an  agreement  whereby  the  line  between  the 
two  provinces,  known  to  survej'ors  and  in.history  as  the  "  Tem- 
porary Line,"  was  established.  That  agreement  provided  that 
East  of  the  Susquehanna  river  the  line  should  be,  until  finally 
settled,  j^yteen  and  one-quarter  miles  south  of  the  most  south- 
ern part  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and  West  of  the  Susque- 
hanna to  the  western  end  of  the  line,  at  a  -\^omt  fourteen  and 
three-quarter  miles  south  of  the  most  southern  part  of  the 
said  city ;  and  that  the  holders  of  lands  on  either  side  of  the 
line  should  not  be  disturbed  in  their  titles,  whether  granted 
by  the  Penns  or  Lord  Baltimore.  This  agreement  quieted  dis- 
putes about  all  previous  grants  of  land  north  and  south  of  the 
disputed  line,  but  did  not  determine  exactly  where  the  true 
line  should  be  fixed  for  the  future ;  and  over  that  the  contest. 
went  on  until  the  4th  of  July,  1760 — 116  j-ears  ago,  when  a 
compromise,  as  I  have  already  stated,  was  effected,  which  set- 
tled the  true  boundary  and  saved  to  Pennsylvania  a  strip  of 
territory  along  her  southern  line,  from  the  Delaware  to  the 
Laurel  Hills,  over  nineteen  miles  in  width,  embracing  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  acres  of  the  best  and  most  beautiful  and  pro- 
ductive lands  of  the  State.  To  that  great  compromise  are  we 
as  Penusj'lvanians  indebted  that  Philadelphia,  Chester,  Media^ 
West  Chester,  York,  Gettysburg,  Chambersburg,  and  a  hun- 
dred other  towns  and  villages  are  not  Maryland  towiis,  and  we 
citizens  of  the  South,  and  perhaps  rebels — hoping  yet  for  the 
ultimate  triumph  of  the  "Lost  Cause,"  and  hoping  also  that 
Congress  will  soon  pay  us  for  our  slaves  emancipated  by  the 
late  war  for  the  Rigfht. 


16  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

EARLY    SETTLEMENTS. 

The  precise  dates  at  Avliich  settlers  began  to  locate  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Greencastle,  Welsh  Run,  Mercersburg,  Lou- 
don, Strasburg,  Rocky  Spring,  Shippensburg,  Middle  Spring, 
Big  Spring,  Silvers'  Spring,  and  other  points  towards  the  Sus- 
quehanna are  not  known,  as  in  many  cases  the  earlier  records 
of  even  the  churches  of  the  valley  are  lost ;  but  they  must 
have  been  commenced  between  the  years  1730  and  1135,  for 
within  a  few  3'ears  afterwards  Presbyterian  congregations  were 
organized  at  nearl}-  all  these  places.  Wherever  the  Scotch- 
Irishman  went,  one  of  his  first  efforts,  after  locating,  was  to 
secure  the  stated  preaching  of  the  gospel,  (through  the  organi- 
zation of  a  congregation  of  his  faith,)  and  by  the  j^ear  1740 
Presbj'terian  churches  were  found  dotted  over  the  broad  bosom 
of  this  vallej^,  almost  invariably  in  a  grove  of  shad}'  trees,  and 
near  a  spring  of  pure,  crystal  water. 

"Their  pews  of  unpainted  pine,  straight-backed  and  tall ; 
*  •  Their  gal'ries  mounted  high,  three  sides  around  ; 
Their  pulpits  goblet-shaped,  half  up  the  wall, 
With  sounding  board  above,  with  acorn  crowned.'' 

FIRST  TOWNSHIPS  IN  THE  VALLEY. 

In  1735,  the  "North  Valley,"  embracing  all  the  territory 
from  the  Susquehanna  to  the  Marjdand  line,  was  divided,  by 
order  of  the  court  of  Lancaster  county,  into  two  townships, 
by  a  line  crossing  the  valley  at  the  "Great  Spring,"  now  New- 
ville — the  eastern  township  to  be  called  "Pennsborough"  and 
the  western  one  "Hopewell,"  and  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  and 
a  Constable  were  appointed  for  each. 

On  the  4th  of  November  of  the  same  jear  an  order  was 
granted  by  the  same  Court  for  the  la3ang  out  of  a  public  road 
from  Harris'  Ferry  towards  the  Potomac  river,  and  strange  to 
say  it  was  "opposed  by  a  considerable  number  of  the  inhabi- 
tants on  the  west  side  of  the  Susquehanna,  in  those  parts." 
As  the  people  had  no  public  roads  down  the  vallej'  at  that 
time,  and  such  conveniences  were  certainly  much  needed  in 
the  new  countr}-,  I  can  conceive  of  no  reason  for  this  oppo- 
sition other  than,  perhaps,  that  the  road  did  not  pass  near  the 
settlements  of  those  who  desired  a  review  of  its  route. 

Our  wliole  county,  except  the  present  townships  of  Warren, 
Metal  and  Fannett,  and  a  considerable  part  of  the  present 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  17 

county  of  Cumberland,  was  at  this  date,  1735,  in  "Hopewell" 
township,  Lancaster  county.  Of  the  number  of  the  popula- 
tion then  in  either  township  I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain 
any  data.  The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  taxes  assessed 
for  several  years  thereafter,  viz  : 

6d. 


1736, 

Hopew 

ell. 

£  5 

2s. 

Pennsborough, 

£13 

17s 

1737, 

u 

2 

19 

a 

13 

9 

1738, 

u 

( 

7  9d. 

a 

20 

14 

1739, 

(( 

11 

8  1 

a 

23 

16 

1740, 

u 

4 

19  3 

a 

14 

18 

FORMATION  OF    ANTRIM  TOWNSHIP. 

In  1741  Hopewell  township  was  divided  b}-  the  Courts  of 
Lancaster  county  by  a  line  "beginning  at  the  'North  Hill' — or 
Xorth  Mountain,  at  Benjamin  Moore's  House,  thence  to  Widow 
Hewry's  and  Samuel  Jameson's,  and  on  a  straight  line  to  the 
*South  Hill,'  or  South  Mountain — the  western  division  to  be 
called  '■Antrim^''  and  the  eastern  'Hopewell.'  "  Where  this  line 
ran  I  cannot  say  positively,  but  I  believe  that  it  was  about 
where  the  division  line  now  is  between  the  counties  of  Cum- 
berland and  Franklin.  The  new  township  thus  embraced  all 
of  our  jjresent  county,  except  the  territoiy  in  the  townships  of 
Fannett,  Metal  and  Warren  which  never  was  within  the  town- 
ship of  Antrim. 

EARLY    TAXES.  ^^ 

The  following  taxes  were  assessed  in  Antrim  township, 
Lancaster  count}',  for  the  following  years,  viz  : 

1741, ^     -  £  9 

1742, 8 

1743, 19 

1744, 22 

1745, 16 

1746, U 

1747, 11 

1748, 7 

1749, 21 

FORMATION  OF    CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

On  the  29th  day  of  January,  1750,  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land was  formed.     It  embraced  all  the  lands  in  the  State  west- 
2 


3s. 

2d. 

18 

2 

10 

7 

4 

7 

14 

8 

13 

8 

1 

2 

19 

4 

18 

8 

18  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

ward  of  the  Susquehanna  and  the  South  Mountain,  and  in- 
cluded all  of  Fulton  and  Bedford  counties.  There  were  then 
in  the  Cumberland  Talley  between  eight  hundred  and  one 
thousand  taxables,  and  the  whole  population  was  between 
three  and  four  thousand.  The  courts  were  first  held  at  Ship- 
pensburg,  but  were  removed  to  Carlisle  in  ItSl,  after  that 
town  was  laid  out.  All  the  settlements  in  the  valley  were  of 
inconsiderable  size — mere  straggling  villages — containing  each 
but  a  few  houses  and  a  small  number  of  people. 

According  to  "Riipp's  History  of  the  Sis  Counties,"  the 

taxables  and  freemen  in  the  various  townships  of  Cumberland 

county,  now  embraced  in  our  county,  were  then  as  follows,  viz  : 

In  Lurgan,         -         -     1751,    -         -         -     176 

"  Antrim,         -         -        "        -         -         -     128 

"  Peters,  -         -        "        -         -         -     162 

"  Guilford,       -         -        "        -         -         -       31 

"  Hamilton,     -         -     1752,    -         -         -       42 


Total, 539 

TAXABLES    NAMES,  1751-2. 

According  to  the  same  authority  the  names  and  locations  of 
these  taxables,  and  freemen,  were  as  follows,  viz  : 

In  Antrim  township,  which  embraced  the  territory  now  in 
Antrim,  Washington  and  Quincy  townships :        ^' 

William  Allison,  Widow  Adams,  Joshua  Alexander,  Thomas 
Brown,  Jacob  Batterly,  William  Brotherton,  John  Chambers, 
George  Cassil,  William  Qlark,  William  Cross,  Joshua  Coal, 
Josh.'^Crunkleton,  Jr.,  Peter  Craul,  John  Crunkleton,  William 
Dunbar,  Thomas  Davis,  John  Davies,  Henry  Dutch,  David 
Duncan,  William  Erwin,  Robert  Erwin,  James  Finley,  William 
Grimes,  Nicholas  Gulp,  John  Gyles,  Lorance  Galocher,  Thomas 
Grogan,  George  Gordon,  Abraham  Gabriel,  Paulus  Harick, 
Robert  Harkness,  William  Hall,  Nath.  Harkness,  Christian 
Hicks,  Robert  Hamilton,  Ac[am  Hoops,  James  Jack,  James 
Johnston,  Peter  Johnston,  Henry  Kefort,  James  Kerr,  David 
Kennedy,  Widow  Leiper,  Peter  Leiper,  Katli.  Leatherman, 
Dietrich  Lauw,  James  Lilon,  Thomas  Long,  William  M'Gaw, 
Samuel  MTaran,  John  Mitchel,  Wm.  M'Almory,  Wm.  Mearns, 
Wm.  M'Lean,  George  Martin,  John  Monk,  John  Moorhead, 
John  M'Math,  William  M'Briar,  David  M'Briar,  James  M'Bride^ 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  19 

Josh.  M'Faran,  David  M'Clellan,  James  M'Clanahan,  Hugh 
M'Clellan,  Patrick  M'Intire,  Arch.  M'Clean,  Samuel  Mouagh, 
Wm.  M'Clellan,  John  Moor,  John  M'Coon,  John  M'Dowell, 
Alex.  Miller,  James  M'Kee,  Patrick  M'Clarin,  Edward  Nich- 
ols, Thomas  Nisbit,  Jacob  Pisacker,  Thomas  Patterson,  John 
Pritchet,  Thomas  Poa,  Henry  Pauling,  John  Potter,  James 
Paile,  William  Patrick,  James  Pattro,  John  Rej-nolds,  Wm. 
Rankin,  Wm.  Ramse}',  James  Ramsey,  John  Roass,  Mathias 
Ringer,  Jos.  Roddy,  John  Roal,  Samuel  Smith,  John  Scott,, 
Robert  Southerland,  John  Smith,  James  Scott,  Daniel  Scott, 
John  Staret,  Ilenjcy- Stall,  Jacob  Snider,  Wm.  Shanon,  Jacob 
Snively,  John  Stoaner,  Katharine  Thomson,  Anthony  Thom- 
son, Moses  Thomson,  Joseph  Walter,  John  Willocks,  John 
Wallace. 

Freemen — E.  Alexander,  Alex.  Cook,  W.  Campbel,  Jacob 
Gabrial,  Hugh  Galocher,  Adam  Murray,  Hugh  M'Kee,  Daniel 
M'Coy,  Daniel  M'Cowan,  Wm.  M'Gaughey,  James  M'Gowan^ 
Joseph  Morgan,  James  Ross,  John  Snivel}-,  Charles  White,,. 
James  Young — 128. 

In  Guilford  including  what  is  now  Chambersburg  : 

John  Anderson,  Wm.  Adams,  Thomas  Baird,  George  Cook, 
'^Benjamin  Chambers,  Frederick  Croft,  Peter  Coaset,  James 
Crawford,  Edward  Crawford,  Mayant  Dufl',  John  Fors^'th, 
Benjamin  Gass,  John  Henderson,  James  Jack,  Patrick  Jack, 
James  Lindsa}',  John  Lindsay,  Charles  M'Gill,  Wm.  M'Kinney, 
John  Mushet,  John  Noble,  William  Newjant,  John  O'Cain, 
Solomon  PattersoivRobert  Patrick,  Nathaniel  Simpson,  Henr}- 
Thomson. 

Freemen — Archibald  Douglass,  Henr}'  Black,  Alexander 
M'Alister,  Robert  Uart — 31. 

In  Hamilton^  which  then  included  the  present  townshij)  of 
Hamilton  and  about  one-half  of  the  present  township  of  St- 
Thomas : 

Joseph  Armstrong,  Matthew  Arthur,  Josh.  Barnet,  James 
Barnet,  Thomas  Barnet,  Jr.,  James  Boyd,"  Thomas  Barnet, 
Andrew  Brattan,  John  Blain,  Wm.  Boal,  Robert  Barnet,  John 
Campbell,  Adam  Carson,  James  Denny,  Robert  Donelsou, 
John  Dixon,  Matthew  Dixon,  John  Eaton,  Josh.  Eaton,  James 
Eaton,  Robert  Elliot,  Johnston  Elliot,  Wm.  Eckery,  John 
Galaway,  James  Hamilton,  John  Hindman,  Alex.  Hamilton, 


20  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Edward  Johnston,  Patrick  Knox,  William  M'Cord,  Samuel 
M'Camish,  Samuel  Moorhead,  Thomas  Patterson,  Joshua  Pep- 
l^er,  George  Reynolds,  William  Rankin,  John  Swan,  Widow 
Swan,  Edward  Thorn,  Aaron  Watson. 

Freemen — Dennis  Kcase,  Josh.  M'Camish — 42, 
In  Lur^gan,  which  then  included  the  present  townships  of 
Lurgan,  Letterkenny,  Southampton  and  Greene  : 

Benjamin  Allworth,  James  Allison,  Thos.  Alexander,  An- 
drew IJaird,  Jr.,  James  Breckenridge,  John  Boyd,  James  JJoall, 
James  Boyd,  Laird  Burns,  Robert  Boyd,  Samuel  Buckenstos, 
William  Barr,  William  Baird,  (turner,)  William  Baird,  (at 
Rocky  Spring,)  John  Burns,  Francis  Bi'ain,  William  Brecken- 
ridge, Alexander  Culbertson,  Archibald  Campbell,  Dennis 
■Cotter,  Joseph  Culbertson,  John  Cessna,  James  Calwell,  John 
Crawford,  John  Cumins,  James  Culbertson,  Nathaniel  Cellar, 
Oliver  Culbertson,  Samuel  Culbertson,  Samuel  Cochran,  Steven 
€olwell,  William  Cox,  William  Cochran,  William  Chambers, 
David  Carson,  Wm.  Devanner,  Jacob  Donelson,  William  Erwin, 
John  Evans,  John  Erwin,  Andrew  Finley,  John  Einley,  Senr., 
John  Finley,  Esq.,''John  Finlej^,  (sawyer,)  James  Finley,  Ro- 
bert Finle}^',  George  Ginley,  John  Graham,  Robert  Gabie, 
Thomas  Grier,  William  Greenlee,  William  Guthrie,  John  Grier, 
Arthur  Graham,  Isaac  Grier,  John  Gaston,  David  Heron, 
Francis  Heron,  Gustavus  Henderson,  James  Henderson,  Joshua 
Henderson,  James  Henry,  John  Hawthorn,  Christian  Irwin, 
W^illiam  Jack,  Samuel  Jordan,  John  Jones,  Nathaniel  Johnson, 
David  Johnson,  John  Johnson,  Thomas  Jack,  John  Kirkpat- 
rick,  John  Kirkpatrick,  Jr.,  John  Kerr,  John  Kennedy,  James 
Kirkpatrick,  John  Lowrie,  John  Lcckey,  James  Lawder,  Robert 
Long,  Samuel  Laird,  William  Linn,  William  Linn,  Jr.,  David 
Linn,  Archibald  Machan,  Arthur  Miller,  Andrew  Murphey, 
Alexander  Mitchell,  Alexander  M'Nutt,  Charles  M'Glea,  David 
M'Cright,  George  Mitchell,  Gavin  Mitchell,  Humphrey  Mont- 
gomery, Henry  Machan,  John  Miller,  Esq.,  James  M'Camant, 
John  M'Keany,  John  M'Call,  James  M'Call,  John  M'Crea,  John 
M'Kee,  John  Mitchel,  James  Mitchel,  John  Mitchel,  Jr.,  John 
M'Crea,  John  Machen,  Joseph  M'Kibben,  John  M'Naught,  John 
M'Cappin,  John  Montgomery,  John  M'Combs,  Machan 
M'Combs,  Mat.  M'Creary,  Robert  M'Connell,  Robert  Miller, 
Robert  Machan,  Thomas  M'Comb,  Thomas  Miner,  William 
M'Connell,  William  Mitchell,  William  M'Nutt,  William  M'Call, 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  21 

Charles  Murray,  Joseph  Mitchell,  Andrew  IS'eal,  James  Nor- 
rice,  Thomas  Neal,  James  Ortan,  David  Faxon,  George  Pum- 

roy,  James  Patterson,  Mr. l^iley,  (at  Mr.  Hoops',)  John 

Ripple,  Josiah  Ramage,  James  Reed,  Sr.,  James  Reed,  Jr., 
James  Reed,  Samuel  Rippie,  Wm.  Reed,  Robert  Reed,  (eord- 
wainer,)  Charles  Stewart,  James  Sharp,  Robert  Scott,  Ranald 
Slack,  William  Turner,  Alvard  Terrence,  Joseph  Thomson. 
James  Tait,  Robert  Urie,  Thomas  IJrie,  Abm.  Wier,  David 
"Watson,  Hugh  Wier,  John  Weyley,  John  Weir,  James  Waid, 
John  Wilson,  Nathaniel  Wilson,  Oliver  Wallace,  Wm.  Withrow 
Wm.  Woods,  Wm.  Walker,  Alexander  Walker,  William  Young. 

Freemen — James  Hawthorne,  Morgan  Linch,  Geo.  M'^Keauey, 
William  Milrea,  Charles  Moor,  George  Ross,  John  Tait — 176. 

In  Peters  township,  which  then  included  the  present  town- 
ships of  Peters  and  Montgomery,  and  that  part  of  St  Thomas 
township  west  of  Campbell's  run. 

Daniel  Alexander,'  Andrew  Alexander,  Wm.  Armstrong, 
Hezekiah  Alexander-,  Adam  Armstrong,  Arthur  Alexander,*^ 
John  Baird,  James  Blair,  Alex.  Brown,  Thomas  Barr,  Ann 
Black,  (widow,)  Thomas  Boal,  Samuel  Brown,  AVm.  Barnett, 
Joshua  Bradner,  John  Black,  John  Baird,  James  Black,  Widow 
Brown,  Robert  Barnet,  David  Bowel,  John  Blair,  George  Brown, 
Wm.  Clark,  Robert  Clugage,  Wm.  Campbell,  Michael  Carsell, 
Samuel  Chapman,  Thomas  Calhoun,  Michael  Campbell,  Robert 
Crawford,  Pati-ick  Clark,  Wm.  Campbell,  Robert  Culbertson, 
Charles  Campbell,  Thomas  Clark,  John  Dickey,  James  Dickey, 
Widow  Donelsou,  Wm.  Dunwood,  John  Docherty,  Samuel 
Davis,  David  Davis,  James  Davis,  Widow  Davis,  Philip  Davis, 
Joseph  Dunlop,  Arthur  Donelson,  David  Davis,  Nath.  Davis, 
Josh.  Davis,  Thomas  Davis,  James  Erwin,  Widow  Farier,  John 
Flanaghin,  James  Flanaghin,  Moses  Fisher,  James  Gal  breath, 
John  Gilmore,  Widow  Garison,  Samuel  Gilespie,  James  Gala- 
way,  Josh.  Harris,  John  Harris,  Jeremiah  Harris,  Charles 
Harris,  Widow  Huston,  James  Holland,  John  Huston,  John 
Hamilton,  Joseph  How,  John  Holyday,  Wm.  Holyday,  Wm. 
Hanbey,  David  Huston,  John  Hill,  James  Holiday,  Alex. 
Hotchison,  Mesech  James,  Hugh  Kerrell,  Wm.  Lowrie,  Henry 
Larkan,  Wm.'^Maxwell,  James  Mitchell,  John  Morlan,  John 
Martin,  James  Mercer,  John  Mercer,  Wm.  Marshall,  Wm. 
Moor,  Widow  M'Farland,  Andrew  Morison,  John  M'Dowell, 


^2  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FIIANKIJN    COUNTY. 

Alex.  M'Kee,  Robert  M'Clellan,  Wm.  M'Dowell,  Jr.,  Wm.  M'- 
Clellan,  John  M'Clellan,  Andrew  Moor,  Wm  M'Dowell,  James 
M'Connell,  Robert  M'Coy,  Wm.  M'lllhatton,  James  M'Mahon, 
James  Murphy,  Wm.  Morrison,  James  M'Clellan,  Robert  New- 
ell, Victor  Neel}-,  James  Orr,  Thomas  Orbison,  Thomas  Owins, 
Nathan  Orr,  Matthew  Patton,  John  Patton,  Francis  Patterson, 
David  Rees,  James  Rankin,  Alex.  Robertson,  Wm.  Semple, 
James  Sloan,  Richard  Stevens,  Andrew  Simpson,  Wm.  Shan- 
iion,  Hugh  Shannon,  Widow  Scott,  Alex.  Staret,  Collin  Spence, 
John  Taylor,  James  Wright,  Wm  Wilson,  John  Wilson,  John 
Winton,  James  Wilkey,  James  Wilson,  Matthew  Wallace, 
Moses  White,  John  Wasson,  Joseph  Williams,  John  Woods, 
Joseph  Wliite,  Thomas  Waddle.  ,/ 

Freemen — Robert  Anderson,  David  Alexander,  Robert  Bane- 
field,  James  Brown,  James  Blair,  Gavin  Cluggage,  James  Cars- 
well,  James  Coyle,  William  Gueen,  Alex.  Hutchison,  Ed. 
Horkan,  John  Laird,  Alex.  McConnell,  Samuel  Templeton, 
Wm.  Tayler,  James  Wilson,  James  Wallace,  Andrew  Willabee, 
Oliver  Wallace,  David  Wallace— 162. 

These  settlers  were  at  their  various  "improvements"  scat- 
tered all  over  the  country,  busily  engaged,  each  for  himself, 
in  erecting  his  necessary  buildings  and  bringing  the  soil  under 
fence  and  cultivation.  The  Indians  had  removed  beyond  the 
western  mountains,  and  only  occasionally  returned  in  small 
numbers  to  see  their  former  possessions  and  trade  off  their 
peltries  with  its  possessors.  Peace  and  friendship  had  reigned 
for  time  bej'ond  the  memory  of  the  oldest  inhabitant  of  the 
land. 

FRENCH  AND    INDIAN  WARS    OF    11-1-4-56. 

But  this  desirable  condition  of  things  was  fast  hastening  to 
a  close.  War  had  existed  between  England  and  France  for 
six  years,  having  been  declared  by  both  nations  in  1*744.  The 
settlers  of  this  valley  had  not  yet  felt  any  of  its  disastrous 
consequences  because  of  their  inland  location.  It  is  true  that 
in  lt48  they  had  associated  themselves  together  for  the  sup- 
port of  their  home  and  foreign  governments,  and  had  elected 
Benjamin  Chambers,  Esq.,  their  Colonel,  Robert  Dunning,  their 
Lieutenant  C'oZo?jeZ,  and  William  Maxwell,  their  Major.  Loy- 
alty to  King  and  country  filled  every  bosom. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  23 

But  their  danger  was  not  to  come  from  the  east,  but  from 
the  far  west.  The  cruel  Indian,  at  the  instigation,  and  often 
under  the  leadership  of  equally  cruel  and  crafty  Frenchmen, 
who  had  repudiated  every  common  characteristic  of  their 
nationality,  Avere  to  lay  their  homes  in  ashes  and  slaughter 
their  helpless  wives  and  innocent  children,  in  the  hope  that 
the  pathway  of  American  empire  westward  might  thereby  be 
stayed.  Vain  hope  !  Though  their  outrages  comrhenced  by 
isolated  abductions  and  murders  in  1752,  they  became  more 
fearful  and  more  horrible  in  n53  and  1154, and  culminated  in 
1755  by  the  disastrous  defeat  and  slaughter  of  General  Braddock 
and  the  flower  of  the  English  army — and  though  the  hills  and 
valleys  of  this  fair  land,  from  the  Susquehanna  to  far  down 
beyond  the  Potomac,  were  swept  by  fire  and  drenched  with. 
blood — yet  the  hardy  settlers  rallied  to  the  contest,  and  after 
sending  their  families  to  places  of  safet}',  under  the  leadership 
of  Col.  Armstrong,  Col.  Potter,  Captain  Smith,  Rev.  John 
Steele,  and  other  gallant  spirits,  gave  back  blow  for  blow. 
Hundreds  of  lives  were  lost,  aud  the  greatest  distress  every- 
where prevailed.  Says  Gordon,  in  his  history  of  Pennsylva- 
nia :  "In  the  fall  of  1755  the  country  west  of  the  Susquehanna 
had  3,000  men  in  it  fit  to  bear  arms,  and  in  August,  1756,  ex- 
clusive of  the  provincial  forces,  there  were  not  one  hundred 
left. 

In  the  year  1753  there  were  yet  quite  a  number  of  Indians  in 
this  valley  scattered  at  different  points  between  the  Susque- 
hanna and  the  Potomac  rivers.  They  consisted  principally  of 
small  bands  of  the  Delawai'es,  Shawanese  and  Tuscarora  tribes, 
and  had  been  before  that  time  peaceable  and  well  disposed 
towards  their  white  neighbors.  In  that  year  John  O'Neill,  an 
agent  of  Governor  Hamilton,  had  a  great  talk  with  them  in 
Path  Yalley,  but  at  what  particular  point  history  does  not  tell. 
When  they  began  to  be  troublesome  the  settlers,  under  the  com- 
mand of  a  Captain  Joel  and  others,  combined  together  to  re- 
sist their  invasions.  At  one  time  these  companies  would  be  at 
Port  Augusta,  then  at  Fort  Franklin,  theii  at  the  Juniata,  or 
Fort  Loudon,  or  down  in  the  Conococheague  settlements.  So 
rapid  were  the  movements  of  these  companies  of  the  hardy 
pioneers,  and  so  daring  their  exploits,  that  they  struck  terror 
into  the  minds  of  their  saA'age  enemies,  and  kept  the  frontiers 
safe  from  their  ravages  for  some  time. 


24  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

EARLY    FRONTIER  FORTS. 

Tlie  war  raged  for  twelve  years.  During  this  period  the 
following  forts  Avere  built  in  this  and  the  adjoining  vallej'S. 
viz  : 

Fort  Louther,  at  Carlisle,       -         -         -         -         -         1*153 

"     Le  Tort,  "         "  1753 

"     Crogan, in  Cumberland  count}',       -         .         .         1754 
"     Morris,  at  Shippensburg,  -         -        -         -     1755 

"     Steele  at  the"White  Church,"         -         -         -         1755 
"     London,  near  Loudon,  -  ...    1756 

"     M'Dowell,  near  Bridgeport,  -         -        -         lt56 

"     M'Cord,  near  Parnell's  Knob,  -         -         -     1756 

"     Chambers,  at  Chambersburg,  -         -         -         1756 

"     Davis,  near  Maryland  line,  at  Davis'  Knob,  1756 

"     Franklin,  at  Shippensburg,  -         -         -     1756 

"     Lyttleton,  in  Fulton  count}',  -         -         -         1756 

"     Armstrong,  north-east  of  Loudon,      -         -         -     1764 
"     Dickey,  Cumberland  county,  -         -         -         1764 

"     Ferguson,  "  "  .        .         .         .     1764 

"     M'Callister,  near  Roxbury,    -         .         -         -         1764 
"     M'Connell,  south  of  Strasburg,  -         -         -     1764 

besides  a  number  of  other  private  fortifications  at  various  other 
points,  of  which  veiy  little  is  now  known. 

A  brief  description  of  one  of  these  forts  (Louther,  at  Car- 
lisle) will  give  a  fair  idea  of  the  manner  in  which  they  were 
nearly  all  constructed : 

Around  the  area  to  be  embraced  within  the  fort  a  ditch  was 
dug  to  the  depth  of  about  four  feet.  In  this  oak  logs,  or  logs 
of  some  other  kind  of  timber  not  easily  set  on  fire,  or  cut 
through,  and  about  seventeen  or  eighteen  feet  long,  pointed 
at  the  top,  were  placed  in  an  upright  position.  Two  sides  of 
the  logs  were  hewn  flat,  and  the  sides  were  brought  close  to- 
gether and  fastened  securely  near  the  top,  by  horizontal  pieces 
of  timber  spiked  or  pinned  upon  their  inner  sides,  so  as  to 
make  the  whole  stockade  firm  and  staunch.  The  ditch  having 
been  filled  up  again,  platforms  were  constructed  all  around 
the  inner  sides  of  the  enclosure  some  four  or  five  feet  from 
the  ground,  and  upon  these  the  defenders  stood,  and  fired 
through  loop  holes  left  near  the  top  of  the  stockade  upon  those 
who  were  investing  or  attacking  the  fort.     A  few  gates  were 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  2o 

left  in  the  stockade  for  ingress  and  egress,  and  they  were 
made  as  strong  and  secure,  and  as  capable  of  defence  as  the 
means  of  those  within  would  enable  them  to  make  them. 
Within  these  forts  the  people  of  tlie  surrounding  districts  of 
country  Avere  often  compelled  to  fly  for  protection  from  the 
tomahawks  and  scalping  knives  of  the  savages  when  they  made 
their  forays  into  the  frontier  settlements  of  this  and  the  neigh- 
boring valleys.  One  of  these  forts  in  our  county  (M'Cord's, 
near  Parnell's  Knob)  was  captured  by  the  Indians  on  or  about 
the  4th  of  April,  1756  and  burned,  and  all  the  inmates,  twenty- 
seven  in  number,  were  either  killed  or  carried  into  captivity. 

scoTcn-iiiisii. 

In  1 755  instructions  were  given  by  the  proprietaries  to  their 
agents  that  they  should  take  especial  care  to  encourage  the  emi- 
gration of  Irshmen  to  Cumberland  county,  and  send  all  the  Ger- 
man Emigrants,  if  possible  to  York  county.  The  mingling  of 
the  two  races  in  Lancaster  county,  they  said,  had  been  produc- 
tive of  bad  consequences  by  causing  ill  feeling  and  serious  riotg, 
when  they  came  together  at  elections.  Nearly  all  the  people 
in  this  Yalley  then  were  Irish,  and  those  known  as  Scotch- 
Irish,  and  hence,  perhaps  it  was  the  part  of  wisdom  in  the 
proprietaries  to  desire  to  have  those  of  one  blood,  and  nation- 
ality and  religious  feeling  together.  They  were  also,  almost 
all  of  them  Presbyterians  of  the  real  "blue  stocking"  type. 

The  term  "  Scotch-Irish"  originated  in  this  wise.  In  the 
time  of  James  I.  of  England,  who,  as  is  well  known,  was  a 
Scotch  Presbyterian,  the  Irish  Earls  of  Tyrone  and  Tyrcon- 
nell  conspired  against  his  government,  fled  from  Ireland,  were 
outlawed,  and  their  estates  consisting  of  about  500,000  acres 
of  land  were  seized  b}^  the  crown.  King  James  divided  these 
lands  into  small  tracts  and  gave  them  to  persons  from  his  own 
country  (Scotland)  becaus.'i  they  were  Protestants,  on  the  sole 
condition  that  the}' should  cross  over  into  Ireland  within  four 
years  and  locate  upon  them.  A  second  insurrection  soon  after 
gave  occasion  for  another  large  forfeiture,  and  nearly  six  coun- 
ties in  the  province  of  Ulster  were  confiscated,  and  taken  posses- 
sion of  by  the  officers  of  the  government.  The  King  was  a  zeal- 
ous sectarian,  and  his  primary  object  was  to  root  out  the  native 
Irish,  who  were  all  Catholics,  hostile  to  his  government,  and 
almost  constantly  engaged  in  plotting  against  it,  and  to  re- 


26  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

people  the  country  with  those  whom  he  knew  would  be  loyal. 
The  distance  from  Scotland  to  the  county  Antrim,  in  Ire- 
land, was  but  twenty  miles.  The  lands  thus  offered  free  of 
cost  were  among  the  best  and  most  productive  in  the  Emerald 
Isle,  though  blasted  and  made  barren  by  the  troubles  of  the 
times  and  tlie  indolence  of  a  degraded  peasantry.  Having  the 
power  of  the  government  to  encourage  and  protect  them,  the 
inducements  offered  to  the  industrious  Scotch  could  not  be  re- 
sisted. Thousands  went  over.  Many  of  them,  though  not 
Lords,  were  Lairds^  and  all  of  them  were  men  of  enterprise 
and  energy,  and  above  the  average  in  intelligence.  They  went 
to  work  to  restore  the  land  to  fruitfulness  and  to  show  the  su- 
periority of  their  habits  and  belief  to  those  of  the  natives 
among  whom  they  settled.  They  soon  made  the  counties  of 
Antrim^  Armagh,  Caven,  Donegal,  Down,  Fermanagh,  Lon- 
donderry, Monaghan  and  Tyrone  (names  all  familiar  to  Penn- 
sylvania ears)  to  blossom  as  the  rose. 

These  were  the  first  Protestants  introduced  into  Ireland. 
They  at  once  secured  the  ascendancy  in  the  counties  in  which 
they  settled,  and  their  descendants  liave  maintained  that  as- 
cendancy to  the  present  day  against  the  efforts  of  the  Govern- 
ment Church  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Romanists  on  the  other. 
They  did  not  intermarry  with  the  Irish  who  surrounded  them. 
The  Scotch  were  Saxon  in  blood  and  Presbyterian  in  religion, 
whilst  the  Irish  were  Celtic  in  blood  and  Roman  Catholic  in 
religion,  and  these  were  elements  that  would  not  readily  coa- 
lesce. Henoe  the  races  are  as  distinct  in  Ireland  to-day,  after 
a  lapse  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  years,  as  when  the  Scotch 
first  crossed  over.  The  terni  "Scotch-Irish"  is  purely  Ameri- 
can. In  Ireland  it  is  not  used,  and  here  it  was  given  to  the 
Protestant  emigrants  from  the  north  of  Ireland  simply  be- 
cause they  were  the  descendants  of  the  Scots,  who  had  in 
former  times  taken  up  their  residence  there. 

But  in  after  times  persecutions  fell  upon  their  descendantsj 
nnder  Catholic  governments,  and  during  the  century  preced- 
ing the  date  of  which  I  am  speaking — or  from  1664  to  1*764 — 
large  numbers  had  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and 
settled  in  New  Jersey,  Maryland  and  North  Carolina  ;  and  when 
William  Penn  founded  his  government  here,  and  offered  free 
lands,  free  opinions,  free  worship,  and  freedom  to  choose  their 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  27 

own  rulers,  and  make  their  own  laws,  and  regulate  their  own 
taxes,  to  all  who  would  come  hither,  thousands  upon  thousands, 
often  embracing  nearly  whole  neighborhoods,  for  the  reasons 
given,  and  because  of  the  high  rents  demanded  by  their  land- 
lords, as  fast  as  they  could  get  away,  hastened  to  accept  the 
invitation  ;  and  year  after  year  the  tide  rolled  westward,  until 
it  almost  looked  as  if  those  parts  of  Ireland  were  to  be  de- 
populated. In  September,  1736,  alone,  one  thousand  families 
sailed  from  Belfast,  because  of  their  inability  to  renew  their 
leases  upon  satisfactory  terms,  and  the  most  of  them  came  to 
the  eastern  and  middle  counties  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
hoped  by  a  change  of  residence  to  find  a  freer  field  for  the 
exercise  of  their  industry  and  skill,  and  for  the  enjoyment  of 
their  religious  opinions.  The}^  brought  with  whem  a  hatred 
of  oppression,  and  a  love  of  freedom  in  its  fullest  measure, 
that  served  much  to  give  that  independent  tone  to  the  senti- 
ments of  our  people  which  prevailed  in  their  controversies 
with  their  home  and  foreign  governments  years  before  they 
seriously  thought  of  independence. 

They  filled  up  this  valley.  They  cut  down  its  forests,  and 
brought  its  fair  lands  under  cultivation.  They  fought  the 
s'avage  and  stood  as  a  wall  of  fire  against  his  further  forays 
eastward.  Between  1771  and  1773,  over Jt^enty-five thousand 
of  them  (all  Presbyterians)  came  hither,  driven  from  the 
places  of  their  birth  by  the  rapacity  of  their  landlords.  This 
was  j  ust  before  our  revolutionary  war,  and  whilst  the  angry 
controversies  that  preceded  it  were  taking  place  between  the 
American  colonies  and  the  English  government,  and  these 
emigrants,  upon  their  arrival  here,  were  just  in  that  frame  of 
mind  that  was  needed  to  make  them  take  the  part  they  did 
with  the  patriots  in  favor  of  liberty  and  independence  of  the 
mother  country.  The  Scotch-Irish,  in  the  struggle  for  national 
independence,  were  ever  to  be  found  on  the  side  of  the  colo- 
nies. A  tory  was  unheard  of  among  them.  I  doubt  if  the  race 
ever  produced  one.  Pennsylvania  owes  much  of  what  she  is 
to-day  to  the  fact  that  so  many  of  this  race  settled  within  her 
borders  as  early  as  they  did.  They  were  our  military  leaders 
in  all  times  of  danger,  and  they  were  among  our  most  promi- 
nent law-makers  in  the  earliest  days  of  the  colony,  and  through 
and  after  the  long  and  bitter  struggle  for  freedom  and  human 


28  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

rights.  They  helped  to  make  our  constitutions  and  to  frame 
our  fundamental  laws  ;  they  furnished  the  nation  with  five 
Presidents,  and  our  State  with  seven  Governors,  many  United 
States  Senators,  Congressmen,  Judges,  and  others  eminent  in 
all  the  avocations  of  life.  The  names  of  these  patriots  and 
wise  men,  as  well  as  the  names  of  many  of  their  descendants, 
are  familiar  words,  not  only  here  but  throughout  the  Union  ; 
and  none  of  the  many  diverse  nationalities  of  which  this  great 
people  is  composed,  did  more  for  the  national  good,  prosperity 
and  glory,  than  those  known  as  the  "Scotch-Irish,"  and  their 
descendants. 

ROUTE    FROM    EAST    TO    WEST. 

In  those  days  the  chief  route  of  communication  from  Phila- 
delphia and  tlie  eastern  parts  of  the  colony  to  the  west,  was 
up  this  valley  to  Shippensburg,  thence  by  the  old  military 
road  across  to  Fort  Loudon,  thence  over  the  mountains  to 
Bedford,  and  thence  to  Fort  Cumberland.  All  transportation 
was  done  by  pack  horses,  each  carrjang  about  200  pounds. 
Sir  John  Sinclair,  Quartermaster  General  of  General  Brad- 
dock,  moved  much  of  his  supplies  by  that  route,  and  had  one 
of  his  principal  magazines  at  M'Dowell's  mill,  or  fort.  And 
after  I^raddock's  defeat  a  large  part  of  his  dispirited  and 
destitute  troops  returned  by  that  route,  and  were  quartered  at 
Shippensburg  and  Carlisle.  In  1755  the  Province  of  Penn- 
sylvania made  a  broad  wagon  road  from  Fort  Loudon  west- 
ward, which  General  Forbes  and  Colonel  Bouquet  and  others 
used  in  their  western  expeditions.  Upon  that  road,  for  the 
greater  part  of  its  length,  the  present  Chambersburg  and 
Pittsburg  turnpike  was  built. 

Colonel  Samuel  Miles,  in  his  manuscvipt^  says  : 
"In  the  year  1T58,  the  expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne, 
now  Pittsburg,  was  iindertakcn,  and  our  batallion  joined  the 
British  army  at  Carlisle.  At  this  time  Captain  Loyd  had  been 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel,  but  retained  his 
company,  of  which  I  had  the  command  as  Captain  Lituttnant 
and  was  left  some  time  in  command  of  the  garrison  at  Ship- 
pensburg. On  my  marching  from  thence  with  a  brigade  of 
wagons  under  my  charge,  at  Chambers',  about  eleven  miles 
from  Shippensburg,  the  men  mutinied,  and  were  preparing  to 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  29 

march,  but  by  my  reasoning  with  them,  and  at  tlio  same  time 
threatening  them,  the  most  of  them  consented  to  resume  their 
march  to  Fort  Loudon,  where  Lieutenant  Scott  was  with  eight 
or  ten  months  pay.  Wliilethe  army  la}^  at  Ligonier,  we  were 
attacked  by  a  body  of  French  and  Indians,  and  I  was  wounded 
on  the  foot  by  a  spent  ball.  In  November  of  this  year,  (Xovem- 
ber  25th,  1158,)  the  army  took  possession  of  Fort  Du  Quesne, 
under  the  command  of  General  Forbes,  a  poor  emaciated  old 
man,  who  for  the  most  part  of  the  march  was  obliged  to  be 
carried  in  a  horse  litter.  In  the  year  1759  I  was  stationed  at 
Ligonier,  and  had  twenty-five  picked  men,  out  of  the  two 
batallions  under  my  command."  J/jYes'  manuscrijyt^  second 
volume,  new  edition  of  Pennsylvania  Archives,  pages  559-60, 
This  extract  establishes  the  fact  that,  as  early  as  1758,  trans- 
portation by  wagons  was  also  done  from  Shippensburg,  past 
Mr.  Chambers'  settlement  to  Fort  Loudon,  though  there  was 
another  and  older  route  across  the  country,  directly  between 
those  points. 

INDIAN    OUTRAGES. 

Between  the  j-ears  1752  and  1764,  when  Colonel  Boquet  de- 
feated and  conquered  the  confederated  Indians  on  the  Muskin- 
gum river,  in  the  present  State  of  Ohio,  and  compelled  them  to 
sue  for  peace,  the  people  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  suffered  the 
most  appalling  outrages  and  cruelties  at  the  hands  of  the  sava- 
ges. Many  of  them  were  slaughtered  under  circumstances  of  the 
fiendish  character,  others  were  carried  into  captivity  among 
the  tribes  of  the  west  and  north-west,  whilst  others  were  taken 
into  Canada,  suffering  every  cruelty  and  indignity  that  the 
evil  hearts  of  their  captors  could  conceive.  Many  died  under 
the  tortures  inflicted  upon  them,  others  sunk  into  the  grave 
from  grief  and  privations,  and  because  of  the  hopelessness  of 
their  conditions,  whilst  many  others  only  were  enabled  to  return 
to  their  homes,  after  years  of  captivity,  upon  the  conclusion  of 
a  general  peace.  The  histories  of  those  times  are  full  of  the 
narratives  of  those  outrages,  and  of  the  capture  and  sufferings 
of  the  fearless  settlers.  I  shall  not,  therefore,  attempt  to  do 
more  than  refer  to  some  of  the  instances  in  which  the  settlers 
of  this  part  of  the  valley  were  the  actors. 

Mr.  John  Kenned}',  the  grandfather  of  Mr.  Lazarus  Ken- 
nedy, of  the  Welsh  Run,  settled  there  about  the  year  1732, 


30  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

and  took  up  a  large  body  of  laud.  About  the  3^ear  ltf)0,  ia 
the  troublous  times  immediately  preceding  General  Braddock's 
defeat,  he  had  an  adventure  with  the  Indians,  in  which  he  was 
severely  wounded,  and  came  near  losing  his  life.  He  was  out 
looking  for  his  horses,  which  were  running  loose  in  the  woods, 
when  he  was  fired  upon  by  a  band  of  prowling  Indians,  said 
to  have  been  under  the  lead  of  a  Chief  called  Coniplanter. 
The  horse  he  was  riding  was  killed  and  he  was  wounded  in  the 
thigh  and  shoulder.  He  fled  for  his  life,  and  kept  the  Indians 
at  bay  by  turning  around  occasionally  and  aiming  at  them 
with  his  rifle  as  though  he  were  going  to  fire.  The  Indians 
would  then  take  refuge  behind  the  trees  or  bushes.  In  this 
way  he  kept  on  until  he  reached  a  stream,  then  known  as 
"Rush's  run,"  near  what  is  now  known  as  the  old  "Oil  Mill." 
Being  exhausted  from  loss  of  blood,  and  deeming  it  impossi- 
ble to  reach  the  nearest  fort — (called  Fort  M'Henry,  a  private 
fortification  which  was  situated  on  the  farm  recently  owned 
by  Benjamin  M.  Powell,)  he  threw  himself  into  the  stream,  and 
crawled  under  the  top  of  a  tree  that  had  recently  fallen  into  the 
water.  The  leaves  were  yet  thick  upon  the  tree,  and  there  he 
laid  with  only  his  face  above  the  water.  The  Indians  tracked 
him  to  the  stream  by  the  blood  drops  on  the  ground,  and  there 
they  lost  the  trail.  After  hunting  around  for  some  time,  hav- 
ing been  more  than  once  upon  the  tree  itself,  they  left.  After 
remaining  some  three  hours  in  the  water  he  crawled  out,  and 
finally  reached  the  fort  some  hours  after  nightfall.  The  In- 
dians had  previously  been  very  friendly  with  Mr.  Kennedy, 
visiting  him  frequently,  and  the  old  Chief,  Cornplanter,  on  a 
subsequent  visit,  after  the  establishment  of  peace,  told  him 
that  had  they  known  him  they  would  not  have  pursued  and 
fired  upon  him  as  they  did. 

The  records  of  the  outrages  of  1152-3,  are  rather  meagre 
and  unsatisfactory.  They  consisted  more  of  abductions  than 
of  murders.  In  October,  1753,  a  conference  was  held  at  Car- 
lisle, between  Richard  Peters,  Isaac  Norris,  and  Benjamin 
Franklin,  Commissioners  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  certain  Deputies  from  the  Delawares,  Shawanese,  Twight- 
wees  and  Owendot  tribes  of  Indians.  The  Indians  were  dis- 
satisfied with  the  encroachments  of  the  whites  upon  their  lands 
west  of  the  mountains,  and  had  been  stirred  up  to  a  forcible 
retaliation  through  the  emissaries  of  the  French  in  Canada. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  31 

They  promised  future  good  behavior,  if  the  trespassers  were 
removed  from  their  lands,  but  they  did  not  keep  their  promises. 
In  July,  1754,  a  treat}'  was  made  with  the  Six  Nations  of  In- 
dians at  Albany,  New  York.  The  Commissioners  from  Penn- 
sylvania were  John  Penn,  Richard  Peters,  Isaac  Norris,  and 
Benjamin  Franklin.  The}'  made  a  present  of  £500  to  the 
Chiefs  in  attendance.  By  the  treaty  then  made  the  Indians 
surrendered  the  greater  part  of  the  lands  in  the  western  part 
of  the  Province  in  which  their  title  had  not  been  extinguished 
by  former  treaties.  They  subsequently  complained  that  they 
did  not  understand  what  they  were  doing — that  they  were  de- 
ceived and  cheated.  By  the  lines  of  the  treaty  the  Shawanese, 
Delawares  and  Monseys,  on  the  Susquehanna,  Juniata,  Alle- 
gheny and  Ohio  rivers,  found  their  lands  "  sold  from  under  their 
feet,"  and  were  greatly  dissatisfied  and  disposed  to  take  re- 
venge. They  therefore  the  more  readily  listened  to  the  over- 
tures of  the  French,  who  were  getting  ready  to  attempt  the 
ejection  of  the  English  from  their  possessions  along  the  Alle- 
gheny and  the  Ohio  rivers,  and  large  numbers  of  them  acted 
with  the  troops  of  that  nation  throughout  the  long  and  bloody- 
war  that  raged  up  to  1764. 

On  the  3d  of  July,  1754,  large  numbers  of  the  Indians  of 
the  west  acted  with  the  British  troops  in  the  capture  of  the 
Colonial  forces  under  Colonel  George  Washington  at  Fort 
Necessity,  and  they  were  mainly  instrumental  in  causing  the 
defeat  of  General  Braddock  in  July,  1755;  and  for  nine  years 
thereafter  the  frontier  settlements  were  ravaged  and  desolated 
by  their  incursions.  In  November,  1755,  they  ravaged  the 
Great  Cove.  Out  of  a  population  of  ninety -three  persons  for- 
ty-seven were  killed  or  taken  captive.  A  few  days  after  the 
house  of  the  Widow  Cox,  near  M'Dowell's  mill,  in  Peters  town- 
ship, was  burned,  and  her  two  sons  and  a  hired  man  were  car- 
ried off.  In  February,  1756,  two  brothers,  John  and  Richard 
Craig,  were  captured  by  nine  Delaware  Indians  about  two 
miles  from  M'Dowell's  mill.  In  the  same  month  a  party  of 
Indians  made  an  incursion  into  the  same  township.  They 
were  discovered  by  a  Mr.  Alexander,  near  Thomas  Barr's  house. 
He  fled  and  they  pursued  him  to  M'Dowell's  Fort.  The  next 
day  an  engagement  took  place  between  the  Indians  and  a  por- 
tion of  Captain  Croghan's  compan}^  and  about  twelve  young 


32  HISTORICAL  SKETCU    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

men,  in  which  one  of  the  soldiers  and  several  of  the  Indians 
were  killed,  and  Barr's  son  wounded.  The  same  party  of  In- 
dians attempted  to  surprise  the  fort,  but  failing  in  that  re- 
treated, and  shortly  after  killed  a  young  Dutch  boy  coming 
from  foddering  his  master's  cattle.  They  burnt  Mr.  Barr's 
house,  consuming  their  dead  in  it ;  and  meeting  five  men  coni- 
ing  from  Mr.  Hoops'  to  M'Dowell's,  they  fired  upon  them,  kill- 
ing one  and  wounding  another  very  severely.  In  April,  1*156, 
M'Cord's  Fort,  near  Powell's  Knob,  as  already  stated,  was 
captured  by  the  Indians,  and  all  the  inmates,  twenty-seven  in 
number,  were  either  killed  or  carried  into  captivity.  In  the 
same  month  Dr. Jamison,  of  Colonel  Armstrong's  bat- 
talion, was  killed  by  the  Indians  near  M'Cord's  Fort.  Near  the 
same  time  the  persons  employed  by  Wm.  Mitchell  to  cut  his 
grain  crop  were  all  killed  or  captured  in  the  fields  when  at 
work.  On  the  26th  of  July,  1756,  John  M'Cullough  and  James 
M'Cullough  were  captured,  and  James  Martin  killed,  on  the 
Conococheague  creek.  On  the  2'7th  of  August,  1756  the  In- 
dians killed  thirty-nine  persons  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cono- 
cocheague creek.  In  November  following,  a  few  miles  from 
M'Dowell's  mill,  in  Peters  township,  the  following  named 
soldiers  were  killed,  viz :  James  M'Donald,  William  M'Donald, 
Bartholomew  M'Cafferty  and  Anthony  M'Quoid,  and  Captain 
James  Corkem  and  William  Cornwall  carried  off  as  prisoners* 
The  following  settlers  were  also  killed,  viz  :  Samuel  Perry, 
Hugh  Kerrell,  John  Culbertson  and  John  Woods,  and  his  mo- 
ther-in-law, and  Elizabeth  Archer — and  the  following  were 
missing,  viz  :  four  children  of  John  Archer,  and  a  boy  named 
Samuel  Meily,  and  a  child  named  James  M'Quoid. 

On  the  29th  of  March,  1757,  the  Indians  killed  one  woman 
at  Rocky  Spring  and  carried  off  eleven  prisoners.  On  the  2d 
of  Apinl,  1757,  William  M'Kinney  and  his  son  were  killed  near 
the  site  of  the  Hollywell  paper  mill  on  the  Conococheague 
creek.  Near  the  same  time  the  family  of  a  man  named  Boyd, 
living  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Benjamin  Chambers,  Esq., 
on  the  Harrisburg  pike,  two  and  a-lialf  miles  east  of  Cham- 
bersburg,  were  captured,  and  Mrs.  Boyd  and  her  infant  killed 
and  the  balance  of  the  family  carried  off. 

On  the  23d  of  April,  1757,  John  Martin  and  William  Blair 
were  killed  on   the    Conococheague,  and    Patrick   M'Clellan 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  33 

grounded,  Tvho  died  near  Maxwell's  Fort.  On  the  12th  of  May 
following  two  old  men,  John  Martin  and  Andrew  Paul  were 
captured  and  carried  otf.  On  the  6th  of  June  in  the  same  year, 
two  men  were  killed  and  five  taken  prisoners  near  Shippens- 
burg. 

June  24th  of  the  same  year  Alexander  Miller  and  two  of  his 
daughters  were  killed.  Juh^  27th,  Mr.  M'Kisson  was  wounded 
and  two  of  his  sons  captured  at  the  South  Mountain.  August 
15th,  William  Manson  and  his  son  were  killed  near  Cross' 
Fort.  September  26th,  Eobert  Rush  and  John  M'Cracken 
were  killed  and  others  of  their  couipanions  were  taken  pris- 
oners near  Chambersburg.  In  April,  1758,  a  band  of  Indians 
crossed  over  our  county  to  York,  now  Adams  county,  and  at 
Carroll's  tract  captured  Robert  Bard  and  his  wife  and  family, 
Samuel  Hunter,  Daniel  M'Minimy,  Thomas  Potter  and  others. 
They  murdered  Thomas  Potter  and  one  of  the  children  on  their 
retreat. 

In  1763  a  large  body  of  Indians  invaded  this  county,  ahd 
murdered  a  number  of  persons,  setting  fire  to  houses,  barns, 
hay,  corn  and  everything  combustible.  Most  of  the  settlers 
fled  for  safet}^  with  their  families — some  to  the  fort  at  Cham- 
bersburg, others  to  the  fort  at  Shippensburg,  others  to  Car- 
lisle, and  yet  others  to  York  county.  History  sa3^s,  that  there 
were  as  many  as  fourteen  hundred  of  the  panic-stricken  set- 
tlers at  Shippensburg  at  one  time.  After  putting  their  fami- 
lies in  places  of  safety  many  of  the  fearless  pioneers  returned 
to  look  after  their  abandoned  homes,  horses  and  cattle  and 
crops. 

A  Scotch-Irishman  of  the  name  of  Thomas  Pomeroy  was 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  Lurgan  township.  One  of  his 
early  ancestors  was  a  French  Huguenot,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
massacre  of  Saint  Bartholomew's  day  in  1572,  he  was  engaged 
in  teaching  a  classical  school  in  Paris.  He  escaped  from  the 
city  on  that  terrible  night,  and  with  some  other  Huguenots 
crossed  over  to  Ireland,  where  he  settled.  Nearly  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  3'ears  afterwards,  Thomas  Pomero}',  before 
mentioned,  one  of  his  descendants  left  Ireland,  the  place  of 
his  birth,  and  removed  to  Liverpool,  England,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  commerical  pursuits.  From  thence  he  emigrated  to 
America  early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  located  in  Lur- 
3 


34  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

gan  township,  about  two  miles  east  of  where  the  town  of  Rox- 
bury  now  stands,  on  a  small  stream  which  rises  in  the  neigh- 
boring mountains  and  is  now  know  as  Kebuck's  run.  lie  was 
the  great-great  grandfather  of  John  M.  Pomeroy,  Esq.,  of  our 
town.  There  he  raised  a  large  famil}-  and  died  about  the  be-  ' 
ginning  of  the  revolutionary  war.  His  son  Thomas,  the  great 
grandfather  of  John  M.,  was  there  born  in  the  year  1133,  and 
settled  near  the  ancestral  home,  living  happily  and  prosperously 
with  his  increasing  family.  On  the  morning  of  the  21st  of 
July,  1763,  Thomas  Pomeroy  left  his  home  for  the  purpose  of 
hunting  deer.  Returning  after  a  short  absence  he  found  his 
wife  and  two  children  dead,  having  been  tomahawked  and 
scalped  b}'  a  small  party  of  lurking  savages,  who  were  doubt- 
less concealed  near  by  when  he  went  awa3\  A  Mrs.  Johnson, 
an  inmate  of  the  house,  had  an  arm  broken,  her  skull  fractured 
and  the  scalp  torn  off  her  head.  She  was  left  for  dead,  but 
showing  signs  of  life,  was  removed  to  Shippensburg,  where 
she  received  medical  aid.  The  bodies  of  these  victims  of 
fiendish  cruelty  were  buried  a  short  distance  from  the  place  of 
their  murder,  in  a  spot  of  ground  on  which  the  barn  belong- 
ing to  the  late  John  A.  Rebuck  was  subsequently  erected. 

On  the  26th  of  Jul}',  1764,  a  party  of  three  Indians  mur- 
dered a  school  master,  named  Brown,  about  three  miles  north- 
west of  Green  Castle,  at  the  same  time  killing  and  scalping  ten 
of  the  scholars.  One  of  the  scholars,  named  Archibald  M'- 
Cullough,  was  scalped  and  left  for  dead,  but  subsequently  re- 
covered and  lived  many  years.  Richard  Bard  in  his  narra- 
tive of  his  captivity  among  the  Indians  says,  that  "it  was  re- 
markable that,  with  few  exceptions,  these  scholars  were  averse 
to  going  to  school  that  morning."  When  the  Indians  took  pos- 
session of  the  school  house,  the  master  prayed  them  to  take 
Ms  life  and  spare  the  children,  but  they  refused.  The  two  old 
Indians  unfeelingly  stood  at  the  door,  whilst  the  yoimgcr  one, 
a  mere  boy,  entered  the  house,  and  with  a  piece  of  wood  in 
the  form  of  an  Indian  maul,  killed  the  teacher  and  scholars, 
and  afterwards  scalped  them  all.  On  the  4th  of  August,  1843, 
a  number  of  the  citizens  of  Green  Castle  went  out  to  the  place 
that  tradition  had  pointed  out  as  the  spot  where  the  victims 
of  this  outrage  had  been  buried.  It  was  near  what  is  called 
"Guitner's"  school  house,  on  the  farm  of  Christian  Koser. 
At  the  base  of  the  hill  on  which  the  school  house  had  stood. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIX    COUNTY.  OO 

in  a  small  drafter  meadow,  they  found  upon  digging  to  the  depth 
of  about  four  feet,  a  quantity  of  human  bones,  part  of  them 
being  evidently  the  remains  of  a  man  of  large  size,  and  the 
others  those  of  a  number  of  children. 

These  are  but  some  of  the  instances  of  savage  cruelty  which 
occurred  during  this  dark  and  bloody  period.  During  all  those 
years,  Colonel  Benjamin  Chambers  and  his  family  remained  in 
security  in  the  stone  fort,  which  in  175G  he  had  erected  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Falling  Spring  and  Conococheague  Creek.  He- 
had  surrounded  his  fort  with  a  high  stockade  and  a  trench  filled 
with  water  from  the  Falling  Spring,  and  having  armed  it  with 
two  four-pound  iron  cannon,  and  a  plentiful  supply  of  rifles 
and  other  arms,  the  Indian  parties  who  ravaged  the  country 
gave  it  a  wide  berth  and  never  attacked  or  attempted  to  cap- 
ture it. 

LAYING    OUT    OF    CHAMBERSBrRG. 

In  1764  Benjamin  Chambers  laid  out  histown  of  Charabers- 
burg  at  this  point.  The  settlement,  though  over  thirty  years- 
old  then,  must  still  have  been  quite  small.  The  town  plot 
was  south  of  the  Falling  Spring  and  east  of  the  Conococheague, 
and  looked  more  for  a  southern  than  a  western  extension,  as 
is  evidenced  by  the  improvements  towards  the  south.  Colonel 
Chambers,  in  his  advertisement  in  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette, 
printed  at  Philadelphia  in  1764,  in  which  he  announced  that 
the  drawing  for  lots  in  his  new  town  would  take  place  on  the 
28th  of  June,  inst.,  says  that  "it  is  situated  in  a  well  timbered' 
part  of  the  country."  This  statement  made  only  thirty-four- 
years  after  he  settled  in  the  country,  strongly  negatives  the 
traditionary  report  that  when  the  firsi;  settlements  were  made 
in  this  valley  it  was  a  prairie  country,  devoid  of  timber,  ex- 
cept along  the  streams. 

Col.  Benjamin  Chambers,  the  founder  of  Chambersburg,  was, 
as  I  have  already  stated,  a  native  of  the  county  Antrim,  Ire- 
land. Neither  the  place  nor  the  exact  date  of  his  birth  is 
now  known.  lie  was,  however,  very  young  when  he  landed 
with  his  three  brothers  at  Philadelphia,  about  the  year  1726. 
He  died  at  Chambersburg  on  the  17th  February,  1788,  aged 
as  the  record  on  his  tombstone  in  the  Falling  Spring  Cemetery 
.says,  "Eighty  years  and  upwards:''     The  Hon.  George  Cham- 


36  irisTorjcAL  sketch  of  fhaxklin  county. 

bers,  in  an  article  pul)lishod  in  "Day's  Historical  Collections 
of  Pennsylvania,"  page  350,  says,  that  he  "was  about  twenty- 
one  years  of  age  when  he  made  his  settlement  on  the  Falling 
Spring;"  and  his  settlement  having  been  made  about  the  year 
1730,  this  statement,  if  correct,  would  place  his  birth  about 
the  year  HOi).  In  a  deposition  made  in  Philadelphia  on  the 
8th  of  December,  1736,  in  relation  to  the  encroachments  of  the 
Maryland  authorities,  under  the  notorious  Captain  Thomas 
€'ressap,  upon  the  lands  claimed  hy  the  Penns  along  the  south- 
ern boundary  line  of  their  Province,  Benjamin  Chambers 
styles  himself  '"a  millwrigiit,  aged  about  twenty-three  years, 
and  resident  in  the  county  of  Lancaster."  If  this  was  his  true 
age,  he  must  have  been  born  about  the  year  1713,  and  was 
onh'  about  thirteen  years  old  when  he  landed  at  Philadelphia 
in  the  year  172G,  and  therefore  only  about  seventeen  or  eigh- 
teen years  of  age  when  he  commenced  his  settlement  here  in 
1730.  He  possessed  but  the  ordinary  common  school  educa- 
tion of  those  days — reading,  M'riting  and  arithmetic.  He  was 
of  an  inquiring  turn  of  mind,  and  subsequentl}'  greatly  en- 
larged his  knowledge.  At  some  early  period  of  his  life  it  is 
said  that  he  had  acquired  a  knov/ledge  of  the  mysteries  of 
surve3'ing.  But  beyond  these  he  possessed  that  which  was  of 
the  utmost  importance  in  the  new,  untried  and  hazardous  life 
of  a  frontiersman,  viz:  good  common  sense,  sound  judgment, 
a  profound  knowledge  of  men,  an  innate  love  of  justice,  and 
that  calmness  and  courage  necessary  to  enable  him  to  meet 
AAith  equanimity  the  varying  circumstances  of  the  times  in 
which  he  lived.  These  traits  of  character  gave  him  great  in- 
fl.uence.  in  the  community  in  which  he  lived,  and  for  many 
3'ears  as  a  Magistrate  therein,  he  acted  as  the  arbiter  of  all 
their  disputes.  It  is  said  that  he  spoke  with  fluenc}"  the 
language  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  this  section  of  country,  and 
was  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  their  Chiefs  and  leading  men. 
This. gave  him  great  influence  over  them,  and  recommended 
him  to  the  favorable  notice  of  the  Colonial  authorities ;  and 
the  best  evidence  of  his  standing,  among  both  the  whites  and 
Indians  around  him,  is  the  fact  that  there  is  no  evidence  ex- 
isting that  he  ever  had  any  disputes  or  difficulties  with  the 
former,  nor  that  the  latter  ever  did  him  any  harm  in  person 
or  estate,  or  attempted  to  capture  his  dwelling  and  fort. 


UISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  37 

In  the  year  1136  lie  and  five  others  were  appointed  l\y  the 
County  Court  of  Lancaster  county,  to  revie^v  a  public  road 
which  had  been  laid  out  in  the  previous  year  "from  Harris' 
Ferr}-,  now  Harrisburg,  on  the  Susquehanna,  to  the  southern 
boundary  of  the  province,  towards  the  Potomac  river." 

In  the  3'earl747  he  was  appointed  by  the  Provincial  Council 
of  Pennsylvania,  Colonel  of  the  Pvegiment  of  Associators  of 
Lancaster  count}^,  "west  of  the  Sasquehanna  river,"  in  antici- 
pation of  a  war  with  the  Indians.  Kobert  Dunning  was  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  of  the  Regiment,  and  William  Maxwell  its  Major. 
The  Regimental  Roster  shows  that  there  were  a  number  of  the 
companies  of  his  regiment  from  this  part  of  Cumberland 
county,  but  all  the  company  rolls  are,  so  far  as  I  know.  lost. 

On  the  10th  of  March,  1749,  he  svas  commissioned  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  the  county  of  Cumberland,  a  position  that  he  was 
well  qualified  to  fill,  and  one  of  the  most  unpleasant  duties 
that  he  had  to  perform  in  his  capacity  as  a  magistrate,  was  to 
remove  from  the  territory  claimed  by  the  Indians,  those  settlers 
who  had,  in  violation  of  the  orders  of  the  Colonial  authori- 
ties, intruded  upon  the  lands  not  yet  sold  by  the  Indians,  west 
of  the  mountains.  In  May,  1750,  Richard  Peters,  Secretary 
of  the  Province,  accompanied  by  Benjamin  Chambers  and 
other  magistrates  of  Cumberland  county,  visited  Path  Yallej^ 
and  Aughwick  and  Sherman's  Valleys  and  other  localities, 
and  burnt  and  destroyed  by  order  of  the  Government,  a  large 
number  of  improvements  that  had  been  illegally  made  in  those 
valkn's,  and  put  the  settlers  under  bonds  to  appear  at  Carlisle 
and  answer  for  their  misdoings. 

When  the  county  of  Cumberland  was  erected  in  the  j^ear 
1750,  Col.  Chambers  was  appointed  one  of  the  Trustees  to 
select  a  site  for  the  Public  Buildings  of  the  new  county.  He 
advocated  the  selection  of  his  settlement  at  the  Falling  Spring, 
others  desired  that  Shippensburg  should  be  selected,  and 
others  Carlisle.  The  latter  point  was  finally  determined  upon, 
principally  through  the  influence  of  the  agents  of  the  proprie- 
taries. 

In  the  same  year,  (1750,)  Colonel  Chambers  acted  as  one 
of  the  commissioners  to  fix  and  determine  the  boundary  line 
between  the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  York,  (now  Adams,) 


v^8  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

and  his  views,  fixing  the  top  of  the  South  Mountain  as  the 
best  place  for  the  line,  were  ultimately  adopted  by  the  Legis- 
lature. 

About  the  time  of  Braddock's  defeat,  in  1155,  Benjamin 
Chambers  was  serving  as  one  of  the  Lieutenant  Colonels  in 
the  Provincial  service,  along  with  the  following  Captains  from 
this  part  of  the  valley,  viz  :  Alexander  Culbertson,  of  Lurgan 
township ;  Rev.  John  Steel,  of  Peters  township,  and  William 
Trent,  at  the  mouth  of  the  "Conegochege." 

In  the  year  1756,  Col.  Chambers  built  a  large  stone  dwelling 
house  on  the  site  of  the  present  woolen  mill,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Falling  Spring — stockaded  it — surrounded  it  with  water 
from  the  Spring,  and  armed  it  with  two  iron  four-pound  can- 
non presented  to  him  by  the  British  Government,  and  with 
other  fire  arms.  For  greater  securit}' ,  the  roof  was  covered 
with  sheet  lead  brought  from  England,  and  in  it  he  and  his 
family,  and  the  terrified  settlers  who  fled  to  it  for  refuge  during 
the  Indian  incursions  always  remained  safel^'. 

In  the  year  1756  he  got  into  trouble  with  the  Colonial  au- 
thorities about  his  "great  guns."  They  were  fearful  that  the 
French  and  Indians  might  capture  Mr.  Chambers'  fort  and 
turn  these  guns  against  Shippensburg  and  Carlisle.  Lieut. 
Governor  Wm.  Denny  demanded  these  guns  of  Col.  Chambers 
in  1757,  and  commissioned  the  sheriff  of  Cumbeiland  county 
to  seize  them  ;  Col.  Chambers  resisted  the  demand,  and  his 
neighbors  sustained  him  in  his  refusal  to  give  them  up.  The 
people  throughout  this  whole  valley  were  greatly  excited  at 
what  they  conceived  the  unjust  demand  of  the  government. 
Col.  John  Armstrong  writing  about  Mr.  Chambers'  conduct 
said,  "it  is  thought  he  designs  to  give  trouble,  as  he  has  the 
brass  and  malice  of  the  devil."  Colonel  Chambers  held  on 
to  his  guns,  and  having  given  bonds  to  try  his  rights  in  court, 
the  government  quietly  dropped  the  matter.  About  this  time 
.all  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  Cumberland  county  resigned 
their  commissions,  and  Colonel  Armstrong  in  the  same  letter 
says,  that  there  was  much  difficulty  in  filling  their  places  in 
consequence  "of  the  Governor's  treatment  of  Ben.  Chambers, 
in  regard  to  his  guns." 

During  the  controversy  between  the  Penns  and  the  heirs  of 
Lord  Baltimore,  relative  to  the  boundary  line  between  their 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  39 

possessions,  Colonel  Chambers'  knowledge  was  of  great  im- 
j^ortance  to  the  former,  and  at  their  solicitation  he  visited 
England  to  assist  in  terminating  their  disputes,  which  were 
^protracting  and  embarrasing  the  settlement  of  both  provinces. 
His  services  were  highly  estimated  by  the  Pennsylvania  Pro- 
prietaries and  authorities,  and  were  subsequently  gratefully 
remembered  by  both  the  former  parties. 

Col.  Chambers  at  a  very  early  period  appropriated  as  a 
burial  ground  a  beautiful  and  romantic  Cedar  Grove  adjoining 
the  Falling  Spring  Church.  The  spot  is  yet  one  of  the  most 
appropriate  places  of  sepulture  to  be  found  in  the  Cumberland 
Valley.  On  the  first  of  January,  1768,  he  conveyed  this,  with 
some  additional  ground,  by  a  deed  of  gift,  to  certain  persons 
"in  trust  for  the  Presbyterian  Congregation  of  the  Falling 
Spring,  now  professing  and  adhering  to,  and  that  shall  here- 
after adhere  to,  and  profess  the  Westminster  profession  of 
faith  and  the  mode  of  church  government  therein  contained, 
and  to  and  for  the  use  of  a  meeting  house,  or  Presbyteriaji 
church,  session  house,  school  house,  burying  place,  graveyard 
and  such  religious  purposes."  He  was  an  active,  efficient  and 
attentive  member  of  the  congregation  for  many  years  of  his 
life,  and  up  until  his  death,  and  also  served  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  until  1787,  when,  on  account  of  his  advanced 
age  and  infirmities,  he  asked  leave  to  resign. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  Colonel 
Chambers  was  so  infirm  and  advanced  in  years  as  to  be  unfitted 
for  active  service.  He  was  however  an  ardent  patriot,  in  full 
sympathy  with  his  struggling  countrymen.  He  sent  three  of 
his  sons — James,  Williams  and  Benjamin  to  the  army  at  Bos- 
ton, to  do  what  he  could  not — fight  for  the  Independence  of 
their  native  land.  James  Chambers  took  with  him  the  first 
company  of  infantry  that  went  out  of  this  valley.  He  started 
as  their  Captain  and  subsequently  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel 
in  the  Revolutionary  Army — Williams  and  Benjamin  rose  to 
the  rank  of  Captain,  and  they  each  saw  much  service.  In  1778 
Williams  and  Benjamin,  because  of  the  infirmity  of  their 
father  and  the  condition  of  his  affairs,  returned  home.  Col. 
Chambers  lived  to  see  the  country  of  his  adoption  one  of  the 
free  and  independent  nations  of  the  earth,  beginning  her  career 
with  ever}^  prospect  for  national  prosperity  and  greatness — 


40  IIISTROICAL    SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

when  on  the  IVth  of  Februar}',  1788,  he  closed  his  long,  busy 
and  eventful  life,  and  was  buried  in  the  cemetery  his  munifi- 
cence had  set  apart  for  the  use  of  his  neighbors  and  those  of 
his  religious  faith,  on  the  banks  of  the  clear  and  beautiful 
Conococheague. 

THE    WAR    FOR  INDEPENDENCE. 

It  was  to  be  expected  when  the  first  mutte rings  of  our  revolu- 
tionary contest  were  heard,  that  the  Scotch-Irish  people  of 
this  valley  would  be  amongst  the  earliest  to  rise  up  against 
the  threatened  oppression,  and  prepare  for  the  struggle.  Ac- 
cordingly, we  find  that  as  earl}^  as  the  12th  of  Jnly,  1774,  the 
citizens  of  Cumberland  county  met  at  Carlisle,  John  Mont- 
gomery, Esq.,  of  Irish  nativity,  in  the  chair,  and  adopted  resolu- 
tions condemning  the  act  of  Parliament  closing  the  port  of 
Boston,  recommending  a  General  CongresH  from  all  the  Colo- 
nies, the  abandonment  of  the  use  of  British  merchandise,  and 
appointing  deputies  to  concert  measures  for  the  meeting  of 
the  Greneral  Congress.  The  news  of  the  battles  of  Lexing- 
ton and  Concord,  fought  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  was  re- 
ceived with  a  thrill  of  indignation  all  over  Pennsylvania.  In 
the  distant  county  of  Cumberland,  the  war  cry  was  no  sooner 
sounded  that  its  freemen  rallied  in  thousands  for  military 
organization  and  association,  in  defence  of  their  rights.  A 
writer  in  the  American  Archives,  volume  2,  page  516,  dated 
Carlisle,  May  Gth,  1775,  saj'S  :  '^Yesterday  the  Count}^  Com- 
mittee from  nineteen  townships  met,  on  the  short  notice  they 
had.  About  3,000  men  have  already  associated.  The  arms 
returned  are  about  fifteen  hundred.  The  committee  have 
voted  five  hundred  efficient  men,  besides  commissioned  officers^ 
to  be  taken  into  pay,  armed  and  disciplined,  to  march  on  the 
first  emergenc}^ ;  to  be  paid  and  supported  as  long  as  necessary, 
by  a  tax  on  all  estates,  real  and  personal."  Xext  morning  they 
met  again,  and  voted  that  the}''  "were  read}-  to  raise  fifteen 
hundred  or  two  thousand  men,"  should  they  be  needed,  and 
put  a  debt  of  £27,000  per  annum  upon  the  county.  That  was 
doing  nobly  for  a  poor  backwoods  count}'.  During  the  sum- 
mer of  1775  various  companies  from  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land marched  to  join  the  army  of  Washington  at  the  seige  of 
Boston.     One  was  from  this  place,   under  the  command  of 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY,  41 

James  Chambers.  Captain  Chambers  was  in  a  short  time  made 
a  Colonel,  and  he,  and  the  company  he  took  from  here,  re- 
mained in  the  service  until  near  the  close  of  the  revolutionary- 
war. 

The  Pennsylvania  Assembly,  in  November,  1115,  appointed 
delegates  to  represent  the  Province  in  Congress,  and  expressly 
instructed  them  "that  they,  in  behalf  of  this  colony,  dissent 
from  and  utterly  reject  any  propositions,  should  such  be  made, 
that  may  cause  or  lead  to  a  separation  from  our  mother 
countrj',  or  a  change  of  the  from  of  this  government." 

PROVINCIAL  CONFERENCE  OF    1776. 

On  the  18th  of  June,  1770,  a  Provincial  Conference  of  com- 
mittees of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  met  at_  Carpenters' 
Hall,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  Cumberland  county  sent 
the  following  deputies  to  that  conference,  viz  :  James  M'Lene, 
Colonel  John  Allison,  John  M'Clay,  Dr.  John  Calhoun,  John 
Creigh,^  Hugh  M'Cormick,  William  Elliott,  Colonel^  Williain. 
Clark,  John  Harris,  and  Hugh  Alexander.^  OTtTiese,  we  know 
that  Messrs.  M'Lcne,  Allison,  M'Clay,  Calhoun  and  Creigh, 
were  from  this  county,  and  perhaps  some  of  the  others  also. 

That  conference,  on  the  19th  of  June,  1776,  Resolved  "that 
a  convention  should  be  called  to  form  a  neiv  government,  on 
the  authority  of  the  people  only ;"  and  on  the  24th  of  June, 
adopted  unanimoushj,  an  address  to  Congress,  in  which  they 
declared  that  on  behalf  of  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  they 
were  "willing  to  concur  in  a  vote  of  Congress  declaring  the 
United  Colonies  free  and  independent  states." 

ACTION  OF    THE  PEOPLE  OF    THE  VALLEY. 

The  people  of  Cumberland  count}',  of  all  nationalities,  Irish,. 
German  and  English,  were  among  the  first  to  form  the  opinion 
that  the  safety  and  welfare  of  the  colonies  did  render  separa- 
tion from  the  mother  country  necessary ;  and  on  the  28th  of 
May,  1776,  presented  their  memorial  to  the  Colonial  Assembl}^ 
setting  forth  their  opinions  and  asking  "that  the  instructions 
given  to  the  Pennsylvania  delegates  in  the  Continental 
Congress,  in  1775,  to  oppose  any  action  that  might  lead  to  a 
separation  from  Great  Britain,  may  be  ivithdrawn^^^  and  the 
instructions  were  withdrawn,  and  our  delegates  in  Congress- 


42  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

allowed   to  vote  as  they   thought   the   best  interests   of  the 
country  required. 

The  County  Committee,  in  a  letter  to  the  President  of  Con- 
gress, dated  August  16,  1776,  said:  "The  twelfth  company  of 
our  militia  marched  to-day,  and  six  companies  more  are  col- 
lecting arms  and  are  preparing  to  march."  All  this  was  done 
in  six  weeks  after  independence  was  declared.  The  following 
persons  commanded  thirteen  of  those  companies,  viz :  John 
Steele,  Samuel  Postlethwaite,  Andrew  Galbreath,  Samuel  M'- 
Cune,  Thomas  Turbott,  James  M'Connell,  William  Huston, 
.Thomas  Clarke,  John  Hutton,  Robert  Culbertson,  Charles 
Lecher,  Conrad  Schneider,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Frederick 
Watts.  These  all,  officers  and  men,  were  inured  to  hardship 
and  experienced  in  warfare,  and  but  a  few  days  were  required 
to  get  ready  to  meet  their  country's  enemies  wherever  their 
services  were  required ;  and  during  the  whole  revolutionary 
contest  the  people  of  the  Cumberland  valley  did  their  full 
share  in  raising  men  and  money  for  the  public  service,  and  I 
have  referred  to  their  conduct  and  services  because  we,  of  the 
county  of  Franklin,  although  not  then  organized  as  a  county, 
are  justly  entitled  to  a  part  of  the  honor  of  their  deeds,  and 
because  I  look  upon  their  deeds  as  part  of  the  history  of  our 
count}'. 

The  Revolutionary  War  was  closed  by  the  Treaty  of  Paris, 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  "L^nited  States  of  America," 
signed  on  the  .30th  of  November,  1782,  which  was  ratified  by 
Congress  in  April,  1783,  and  during  its  continuance  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania  contributed  its  full  share  of  men 
and  money  towards  the  carrying  on  of  the  contest.  Of  the 
latter  essential,  {money^)  I  see  b}'  the  accounts  of  the  Provin- 
cial Treasurer,  the  count}'  of  Cumberland  was  called  upon  to 
furnish  the  following,  viz  : 

Her  quota  of  the  five  million  tax,     -  £17,225 

"  "         fifteen         "  -  111,968 

"  "         forty-five    "  -  159,555 

"  "         firsteight  monthly  taxes,  638,220 

"  "         second     '•  '"  638,220 


IBs. 

6d, 

10 

3 

2 

6 

10 

0 

10 

0 

£1,565,190     lis.  3d. 
It  was  impossible  for  the  people  of  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land to  pay  all  this  immense  taxation,  and  from  the  same  au- 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  43 

thoritj,  out  of  which  I  have  copied  the  above  statement,  I 
learn  that  on  the  first  of  October,  1782,  the  county  owed 
thereon  £442,403,  17s.  5d.  in  Continental  mone}',  equal  to 
£16,986,  2s.  9d.  of  State  money,  of  the  value  in  specie,  of 
£5,899,  18s.  lid.  Whether  this  debt  was  ever  paid,  I  know 
not.  I  only  now  refer  to  it  to  show  the  vast  difference  that 
then  existed  between  the  paper  money  of  the  country  and 
specie. 

ORGANIZATION  OF    THE  COUNTY. 

On  the  9th  day  of  September,  1784,  an  act  of  Assembly  was 
passed  erecting  the  county  of  Franklin  out  of  the  south- 
western part  of  the  count}^  of  Cumberland,  leaving  all  of 
Hopewell  township  in  Cumberland  county.  The  act  of 
Assembl}^  gives  the  following  as  the  boundaiy  line  between  the 
two  counties,  viz :  "Beginning  on  the  York  (now  Adams) 
county  line,  in  the  South  mountain,  at  the  intersection  of  the 
lines  between  Lurgan  and  Hopewell  townships,  thence  by  the 
line  of  Lurgan  townsliip  (leaving  Shippensburg  to  the  east- 
ward of  the  same)  to  the  line  of  Fannett  township  ;  and  thence 
by  the  lines  of  the  last  mentioned  township  (including  the 
same)  to  the  line  of  Bedford  count}'." 

Nothing  is  said  about  dividing  Hopewell  township,  and  it 
must  therefore  have  all  been  left  in  Cumberland  count3\  There 
were  however,  some  doubts  about  the  line  near  the  town  of  Ship- 
pensburg, and  on  the  29th  of  March,  1790,  an  act  was  passed 
defining  that  part  of  the  line  and  declaring  that  it  should  run 
"so  as  to  leave  the  tract  of  land  belonging  to  the  late  Edward 
Shippen,  I]sq.,  whereon  the  town  of  Shippensburg  is  erected, 
within  the  county  of  Cumberland." 

The  proposition  for  the  erection  of  a  new  county  had  agi- 
tated the  public  mind  for  some  time.  At  the  July  session  of 
the  General  Assembl}',  in  the  ^''ear,  1784,  a  petition  was  pre- 
sented, signed  by  John  Rannells,  John  Johnson,  James  M'- 
Cammont,  John  Scott,  Dr.  George  Clingin,  Samuel  Royer, 
Pat.  Campbell,  Patrick  Vance,  Nat.  M'Dowell,  Richard  Brown- 
son,  George  Matthews,  Oliver^Brown.  Jas.  Campbell,  Thos. 
Campbell,  John  Colhoun,  John  Holliday,  John  Crawford, 
Josiah  Crawford,  Edward  Crawford,  John  Boggs,  Jeremiah 
Talbot,  William  Rannells,  Joseph  Armstrong,  James  Brother- 
ton,  Benjamin  ^Chambers,    Benjamin    Chambers,  Jr.,  Joseph 


44  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Chambers,  James  Chambers,  Williams  Chambers,  and  a  large 
number  of  other  citizens,  asking  that  the  division  line  should 
be  fixed  at  the  Big  Spring,  or  where  Newville  now  is,  so  as  to 
put  Hopewell  township  in  this  county,  and  asking  the  Legis- 
lature to  fix  the  county  seat  "at  the  most  suitable  and  conve- 
nient place,  "which  to  them,  of  course,  would  be  at  Chambers- 
burg. 

The  contemplated  act  of  Assembly  had  been  published,  and 
was  not  satisfactory  to  the  people  cf  Lurgan  township,  for  at 
the  next  session  of  the  Assembl}^,  held,  on  the  21st  of  August, 
1784.  one  hundred  of  them  remonstrated  against  its  passage 
'"because  the  militia  1)attalion  and  the  religious  society  to 
which  they  belonged  would  be  divided  and  thrown  into  differ- 
ent counties,  and  the  social  intercourse  requisite  in  these  re- 
spects, would  be  greatly  obstructed,"  not  to  mention  the  bur- 
dens that  would  grow  out  of  the  erection  of  a  new  court  house, 
prison,  etc.  They  therefore  asked  to  be  left  within  the  boun- 
daries of  Cumberland  county. 

The  people  of  Greencastle  and  the  southern  part  of  the 
county  thought  that  the  seat  of  justice  should  be  located  there. 
Two  hundred  and  thirty-four  of  them,  on  the  21st  of  August, 
1784,  presented  their  petition,  asking  that  the  question  of  the 
selection  of  the  county  seat  be  left  to  a  vote  of  the  people, 
allowing  two  or  more  places  for  the  election  to  be  held  at. 

They  represented  that  "the  town  of  Greencastle  had  been  laid 
out  about  eighteen  months,  on  the  crossing  of  the  main  road 
from  Fort  Pitt  to  Baltimore,  and  the  Carlisle  road  leading- 
through  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  is  equally  as  central  as 
Chambers'  town  ;  that  there  are  already  twenty  houses  in  Green- 
castle and  a  number  more  building  ;  and  it  is  much  better  situ- 
ated to  draw  the  trade  of  the  back  countries  from  Maryland, 
which  at  present  goes  chiefly  to  Hagerstown,  and  is  so  consid- 
erable, as  to  enable  more  than  thirty  persons,  inhabitants  of 
that  place,  to  carry  on  business  in  the  commercial  line.  The 
command  of  this  trade  would,  we  apprehend,  be  a  considerable 
advantage,  not  only  to  this  county,  but  to  the  Commonwealth 
in  general." 

The  Chambersburgers  were  successful ;  the  county  was 
formed  as  they  wished  it,  and  the  county  seat  was  fixed  by  the 
Legislature,  at  Chambersburg. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  45 

11. 

AFTER    THE    COUNTY'S    FORMATION. 

Some  persons  may,  perhaps,  think  that  here  my  labors  as  the 
historian  of  the  county  of  Franklin  should  have  commenced, 
and  that  all  I  have  already  given  is  outside  the  record.  But, 
Tv'ould  the  history  of  this  Union  be  complete  without  including 
in  it  our  colonial  history-  ?  As  well  might  we  reject  from  the 
histor}'  of  our  town  all  that  is  connected  with  it  prior  to  its 
laying  out,  in  lt64,  as  to  refuse  to  incorporate  in  the  history 
of  our  county  those  things  connected  Mdth  its  settlement  and 
its  people  prior  to  its  erection  as  a  county,  in  the  year  1'784. 
The  one  is  so  intimately  connected  with  the  other  that  due 
notice  must  be  given  to  all  the  prominent  incidents  connected 
with  each,  in  order  to  make  up  a  complete  whole. 

LOCATION    AND    AREA. 

.  Franklin  is  one  of  the  ''  southern  tier,"  or  border  counties 
of  the  State.  In  its  earliest  records  it  was  designated  as  the 
''Conococheague  Settlement,"  from  the  name  of  the  principal 
stream  of  water  flowing  through  it.  It  is  bounded  on  the  east 
hy  Adams  count}^ ;  on  the  north-east  by  Gumlierland  and  Perrj' 
counties ;  on  the  north  and  north-west  by  Juniata  and  Hun- 
tingdon counties  ;  on  the  west  by  Fulton  count}',  and  on  the 
south  by  the  State  of  Mar3'land.  Its  greatest  extent  from 
north  to  south  is  thirty-eight  miles,  and  from  east  to  west 
thirty-four  miles  ;  containing  an  area  of  seven  hundred  and 
fifty  square  miles,  or  four  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  acres. 
The  population  in  1810,  according  to  the  census  returns  that 
year,  was  forty-five  thousand  three  hundred  and  sixty-five,  or 
about  sixt}'  persons  to  the  square" mile. 

TOPOGRAPHY.- 

Our  valley  lies  about  six  hundred  feet  above  the  tide  level. 
The  eastern  part  of  it  is  broken  t\nd  hilly.  The  South  moun- 
tain, which  forms  the  eastern  boundary'  of  the  county,  rises 
from  six  to  nine  hundred  feet  above  the  central  part  of  the 
valley.  The  northern  and  north-western  parts  of  the  county 
are  mountainous.  The  Kittatinn}-,  or  Xorth  mountains,  as  the 
first  range  west  of  the  Cumberland  valley  is  called,  stretch. 


4G  UISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

through  much  of  that  section  of  the  count}^  Their  most 
promineut  elevations  are  Parnell's  and  Jordan's  Knobs,  each, 
of  whicli  rises  to  the  height  of  about  twelve  hundred  feet.  In 
the  south-west  is  the  Cove  mountain  with  its  prominences,  Clay 
Lick  and  Two-top  mountains.  Beyond  these  the  Tuscarora 
mountains,  running  from  south-west  to  north-east,  rise  to  the 
height  of  seventeen  hundred  feet,  and  form  the  boundary  be- 
tween our  county  and  the  counties  of  Fulton,  Huntingdon 
and  Juniata. 

STREAMS. 

The  Tuscarora  creek  rises  in  the  north-western  part  of  the 
count}',  and  runs  in  a  northern  direction,  by  the  town  of  Con- 
cord, through  the  Tuscarora  mountains,  and  unites  with  the 
main  branch  of  Tuscarora  creek  in  Juniata  county.  The 
"West  ii ranch  of  the  Couococheague  creek  also  rises  in  the 
same  section  of  the  county,  on  the  borders  of  Perry  county, 
flows  south-westwardly  through  Amberson's  and  Path  valleys, 
past  Loudon,  and  unites  with  the  east  branch  of  the  Conoco- 
cheague  about  three  miles  north  of  the  Maryland  line,  receiving 
in  its  course  many  smaller  streams.  The  East  Couococheague 
creek  rises  in  the  South  mountain,  in  the  eastern  part  of  th.e 
county,  flows  first  northward,  and  then  south-westward,  receiv- 
ing many  tributaries,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Falling 
Spring,  at  Chambersburg,  unites  with  the  West  Branch,  and 
empties  into  the  Potomac  at  Williamsport,  Maryland.  The 
Conodoguinnet  rises  in  Horse  valley,  and  flowing  north-east, 
passes  through  the  mountains  at  Roxbury,  and  thence  into 
Cumberland  county,  and  empties  into  the  Susquehanna.  The 
Antietam  creek  has  two  branches,  both  rising  in  the  South 
mountain,  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  the  county.  They  flow 
in  a  southern  direction,  and  uniting  near  the  Maryland  line, 
empty  into  the  Potomac.  Cove  creek  drains  the  south-western 
part  of  the  county,  between  the  Cove  and  Tuscarora  moun- 
tains, flows  south  through  the  Little  Cove,  and  empties  into 
Licking  creek.  The  waters  of  the  northern  third  of  our 
county,  containing  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand 
acres,  or  two  hundred  and  fifty  square  miles,  except  a  part  of 
those  in  Amberson's  valley,  are  drained  towards  the  Susque- 
hanna. Those  of  the  remaining  parts  of  the  county  flow  into 
the  Potomac. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  47 

CHARACTER  OF    SOIL. 
( 

Much  the  greater  part  of  the  land  in  our  county  is  lime- 
stone. The  limestone  lands  east  of  the  Conococheague  are 
well  watered,  fertile,  and  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  They 
are  estimated  at  one  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  acres.  Along 
the  base  of  the  South  mountain,  and  between  it  and  the  lime- 
stone lands,  is  a  strip  of  territory  from  one  to  two  miles  wide, 
known  as  the  "pine  lands,"  which  for  the  most  part  is  said  to 
be  equal  for  fertility  and  certainty  of  product  to  any  in  the 
county,  and  is  estimated  to  contain  twenty  thousand  acres. 

It  is  composed  of  sand,  mixed  with  clay,  and  water-worn  peb- 
bles. West  of  the  Conococheague  the  slate  lands  prevail,  mixed 
however,  here  and  there  with  limestone.  They  are  estimated 
at  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand  acres,  and  are  not  gener- 
ally so  fertile  as  the  limestone,  but  more  easily  cultivated,  and 
abounding  in  pure  streams  of  water,  and  in  luxuriant  meadows. 
The  experience  of  late  years  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  these 
lands  when  generously  ti-eated  with  lime,  or  other  fertilizers, 
are  as  desirable  and  as  productive  and  remunerative,  all  things 
considered,  as  the  higher  priced  lands  of  the  limestone  re- 
gions. The  mountainous  districts,  on  the  eastern  and  western 
boundaries  of  the  county  contain  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty  thousand  acres  of  land,  much  of  it  quite  valuable  be- 
cause of  its  excellent  timber,  and  other  large  bodies  of  it  very 
valuable  because  of  the  inexhaustible  quantities  of  iron  ore 
contained  in  them. 

GEOLOGICAL    FEATURES. 

A  minute  description  of  the  many  and  varied  formations  in 
the  geological  structure  of  our  county  would  consume  too 
much  space  for  this  sketch.  The  South  mountain  consists 
almost  entirely  of  hard  white  sandstone.  The  valley  west  of 
it  contains  the  great  limestone  formatioa.  Several  belts  of 
different  colored  slates,  and  sometimes  sandstones,  are  found 
here  and  there,  intermixed  with  it.  West  and  north-west  of 
the  east  branch  of  the  Conococheague  creek  the  slate  lands 
predominate,  though  even  among  them,  at  various  places  there 
are  belts  of  limestone  found.  The  south-western  part  of  the 
county  is  of  the  same  geological  character.  The  mountain 
ranges  in  the  west  and  north-western  sectiona  of  the  county 


48  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

are  composed  mainly,  of  the  Levant  white,  red  and  gray  sand- 
stones. We  liave  no  coal  in  any  part  of  the  county,  hut  iron  ore 
abounds  along  the  base  of  the  mountains  on  both  sides  of  the 
county,  and  in  Path  valle}'. 

LAWS    IN    FORCE    IN    1784. 

At  the  time  of  the  organization  of  our  count}'  in  1784,  the 
State  Constitution  of  1776  was  in  force.  It  provided  that  the 
State  should  be  apportioned  for  representatives  in  the  General 
Assembly  everj^  seven  j-ears.  They  were  to  be  elected  annu- 
ally and  could  not  serve  more  than  four  3'ears  in  seven. 

It  also  provided  for  the  election  of  a  body  called  the 
*'  Supreme  Executive  Council,"  one  of  whom  was  to  be  elected 
for  each  count}',  to  serve  for  three  j-ears,  and  no  Councillor 
could  serve  for  more  than  three  years  out  of  seven.  They 
were  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the  whole  State. 

The  President  and  Vice  President  of  the  Supreme  Execu- 
tive Council  were  to  be  chosen  annually,  from  the  members  of 
the  council,  b}'  the  joint  votes  of  the  members  of  the  General 
Assembly  and  the  Council.  The  Council  met  annually  at  the 
same  time  and  place  as  the  General  Assembly,  and  the  Presi- 
dent, or  in  case  of  his  absence,  the  Vice  President,  exercised 
the  executive  functions  of  the  Commonwealth. 

It  also  provided  that  delegates  to  Congress  should  be 
elected  annually  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  might  be  su- 
perseded at  any  time,  by  the  General  Assembly  appointing 
others  in  their  places.  And  no  delegate  could  serve  more 
than  two  years  succssively,  nor  be  re-appointed  for  three  j^ears 
afterwards. 

Sheriffs  and  Coroners  were  to  be  voted  for  b}'  the  people  an- 
nually, two  for  each  office  to  be  returned  to  the  S-upreme  Exe- 
cutive Council,  who  appointed  and  commissioned  one  of  the  per- 
sons thu.s  returned.  Xo  Sheriff  or  Coroner  could  serve  more 
than  three  3'ears  in  seven. 

Prothonotaries,  Clerks  of  Courts,  Registers  and  Recorders 
were  to  be  appointed  by  the  Supreme  Executive  Council,  to 
hold  during  their  pleasure. 

One  Justice  of  the  Peace  was  to  be  elected  for  each  ward, 
township  or  district,  to  be  commissioned  by  the  Supreme  Exe- 
cutive Council,  to  serve  for  seven  years. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  49 

The  Coimt}^  Courts  of  Common  Pleas,  Quarter  Sessions,  &c., 
were  composed,  generally,  only  of  such  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Peace  of  the  counties  as  were  specially  appointed  and  commis- 
sioned to  act  as  Judges  of  said  courts,  three  of  whom  formed  a 
quorum. 

In  Philadelphia,  and  some  of  the  older  and  larger  counties 
of  the  State,  the  Presidents  of  the  county  courts  were  gentle- 
men learned  in  the  law. 

FIRST    ELECTION    IN    OUR    COUNTY. 

The  first  general  election  in  our  county  was  held  on  Tues- 
day, the  12th  day  of  October,  n84,  in  Chambersburg,  there 
being  but  one  voting  place  for  the  whole  county,  and  to  it  all 
those  who  "desired  to  vote  had  to  come.  The  county  was  en- 
titled to  elect  one  member  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council, 
and  three  representatives  in  the  Legislature.  James  M'Lene 
was  elected  Councillor,  to  serve  for  three  years,  and  James 
Johnston,  Abraham  Smith  and  James  M'Calmont  were  elected 
Representatives.  Jeremiah  Talbot,  Sheriff;  John  Rhea,  Cor- 
oner, and  James  Poe,  John  Work  and  John  Beard,  County 
-Commissioners.  The  vote  for  County  Commissioners  was  as 
follows,  viz :  James  Poe,  822  ;  John  Work,  421 ;  John  Beard, 
S39. 

ELECTION    DISTRICTS. 

By  the  act  of  the  13th  of  September,  lt85,  the  county  was 
divided  into  two  election  districts,  the  first  district  composed 
of  the  townships  of  Antrim,  Peters,  Guilford,  Lurgan,  Hamil- 
ton, Letterkenny,  Franklin,  (or  Chambersburg,)  Washington, 
Southampton  and  Montgomerj-,  to  vote  at  the  court  house  in 
Chambersburg  ;  and  Fannett  township,  the  second  district,  to 
vote  at  the  house  of  the  widow  Elliott,  in  said  township. 

By  the  act  of  the  10th  of  September,  1*78*7,  our  county  was 
divided  into  four  election  districts,  the  first  district  composed 
of  the  towiiships  of  Guilford,  Franklin,  Hamilton,  Letterkenny, 
Lurgan  and  Southampton,  to  vote  at  the  court  house  in  Cham- 
bersburg. The  second  district,  Fannett  township,  to  vote  at 
the  house  of  widow  Elliott,  in  that  township.  The  third  dis- 
trict, composed  of  Antrim  and  Washington  townships,  to  vote 
at  the  house  of  George  Clark,  in  Greencastle  ;  and  ihc  fourth 
4 


50  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

district,  Peters  and  Montgomery  townships,  to  vote  at  the 
house  of  James  Crawford  in  Mercersburg. 

These  provisions,  drawn  from  tlie  acts  of  Assembly,  show 
that  our  forefathers  were  enabled  to  exercise  the  inestimable 
privileges  of  the  ballot  only  at  a  great  sacrifice  of  time,  trou- 
ble and  expense.  jS'ow  we  have  our  voting  places  often  within 
a  stone's  throw  of  our  residences,  and  rarely,  even  in  the  rural 
districts,  more  than  a  few  miles  away,  and  all  of  easy  and 
speedy  access ;  then  the  voters  were  compelled  to  travel  many 
weary  miles,  OA'er  new,  rough,  and  unbroken  roads,  and  ford 
or  swim  unbridged  and  dangerous  streams,  if  they  desired  to 
cast  their  ballots  for  or  against  the  men  or  measures  of  the 
day. 

At  the  second  county  election  held  in  October,  1185,  James 
M'Calmont,  Abraham  Smith  and  John  Rhea  were  elected  mem- 
bers of  the  Assembly;  Jeremiah  Talbot,  Sheriff,  and  John 
Johnston,  Coroner. 

PUBLIC    BUILDINGS. 

The  eleventh  section  of  the  act  of  Assemblj^,  for  the  organ- 
ization of  our  county,  appointed  James  Maxwell,  James  M'Cam- 
mont,  Josiah  Crawford,  David  Stoner  and  John  Johnston  trus- 
tees to  procure  two  lots  of  ground  for  the  sites  of  a  court  house 
and  prison  for  the  new  county ;  and  the  twelfth  section  directed 
that  the  county  commissioners  should  pay  over  to  the  said 
trustees  a  sum  not  exceeding  one  thousand  two  hundred  pounds 
($3,200)  to  be  by  them  expended  in  the  erection  of  the  necessar}^ 
public  buildings. 

On  the  28th  of  September,  1184,  Col.  Benjamin  Chambers, 
for  the  nominal  consideration  of  ten  pounds,  or  twent3'-sisi 
dollars  and  sixty-six  and  two-third  cents,  conveyed  to  the  county 
of  Franklin  the  lot  on  which  the  court  house  now  stands,  to  be 
used  as  a  site  for  a  court  house  and  public  buildings  and 
no  other ;  and  the  lot  on  the  north  side  of  east  Market  street, 
opposite  the  present  "Washington  House,"  for  the  site  of  a 
county  prison. 

Messrs.  Maxwell,  M'Cammont,  et  al.^  the  trustees  appointed 
by  the  Legislature  to  build  a  court  house  and  jail  for  our 
county,  contracted  with  Captain  Benjamin  Chambers  to  put 
up  the  former,  and  with  David  and  Joshua  Riddle  to  put  up 
the  latter.     When  these  buildino-s  were  contracted  for  and  what 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  51 

were  the  prices  for  erecting  them  cannot  now  he  tokl,  as  all 
the  records  in  relation  thereto  have  been  destroyed.  The  first- 
payments  on  the  court  house  were  made  in  1792,  amounting  to 
about  £700,  and  its  whole  cost,  so  far  as  I  can  judge  by  the 
drafts  granted  Captain  Chambers,  was  about  $4,100.00.  It 
was  not  finished  until  1794. 

According  to  the  advertisement  of  the  trustees,  the  con- 
tract for  the  prison  was  to  have  been  given  out  on  the  10th  of 
September,  17Sfi.  When  it  was  made  1  know  not.  It  was  got- 
ten under  roof  about  1791.  In  November,  1796,  the  sum  of 
£337, 10s.  was  paid  on  it,  but  it  was  not  finished  until  about 
1797  or  98,  as  appears  by  the  expenditures  made  on  account 
of  it. 

THE    OLD    COURT    HOUSE. 

This  building  was  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  and  about  fifty 
feet  square.  It  stood  immediately  west  of  the  present  build- 
ing, its  eastern  wall  being  about  four  or  five  feet  distant  from 
the  western  end  of  the  present  court  house,  and  it  was  occu- 
pied by  the  courts  and  public  offices  whilst  the  new  building- 
was  being  erected.  It  was  then  torn  down  and  the  portico  and 
steps  of  the  present  building  were  put  up  on  part  of  its  site. 
It  was  well  and  substantially  built,  presented  a  rather  pleasing- 
appearance,  and  was  fully  sufficient  for  those  early  times.  The 
main  front  faced  Market  street,  and  there  was  a  heavy  corniee 
all  around  the  building.  There  were  a  cupola  and  bell  on  the- 
building.  The  spire  was  surmounted  by  an  iron  rod,  with  a. 
large  copper  ball  on  it  next  the  top  of  the  spire ;  then  above 
that  a  "Rooster,"  and  above  the  latter  a  smaller  ball.  The  main 
entrance  was  on  the  southern  front,  but .  it  was  not  used  for 
many  years.  A  door  in  the  western  end,  near  the  southern  cor- 
ner was  the  usual  place  of  entrance.  Opposite  this  last  door 
was  another  door  in  the  eastern  end,  opening  into  the  yard.. 
The  court  hall  occupied  all  the  lower  floor.  Along  its  south- 
ern side  was  a  tier  of  seats  for  spectators,  some  three  or  four 
in  number,  rising  high  up  the  wall.  These  were  put  in  after 
the  building  was  completed,  and  they  crossed  over  and  closed 
up  the  main  door  in  the  south  side  of  the  room.  Between 
these  seats  and  the  bar,  which  occupied  nearly  one-half  of  the 
floor,  there  was  a  space  of  about  ten  feet  in  width,  paved  with 
red  brick.     The  bar  was  raised  some  two  or  three  feet  above 


^^Z  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

'this  paTtvment  and  the  Judge's  seat,  which  was  on  the  north 
side  of  the  room,  was  some  tAvo  or  three  steps  above  the  bar. 
The  traverse  jury  box  was  on  the  east  side  of  the  bar,  and  tlie 
grand  jury  box  on  the  west  side,  adjoining  the  stairs  leading 
to  the  second  stor}',  in  which  there  were  a  grand  jury  room  and 
two  traverse  jury  rooms. 

THE    OLD    JAIL. 

The  first  jail  built  b}'  the  county  was  of  stone,  two  stories 
-high,  about  forty  by  sixty  feet  in  size,  and  stood  on  the  north- 
•  east  corner  of  Second  and  Market   streets,  where  Peifier  & 
Uoebler's  coach  shop  now  stands.     It  was  often  crowded  with 
poor  "debtors"  in  those  early  da3-s,  men  who  were  so  unfortu- 
:  nate  as  to  be  in  debt  and  have  no  goods  nor  money  with  which 
to  pay  their  liabilities.     To  honest  men  it  was  a  fearful  place  ; 
but  rogues  laughed  at  its  nail-studded  doors,  iron  bars,  and 
thick  but  poorly-constructed  walls.     Between  the  date  of  the 
formation  of  our  count}-  in   1^84,  and  the  completion  of  the 
•^'old  stone  jail"  in  1T98,  persons  charged  with  the  commission 
^of^rave  offences  in  this  county  were  kept  in  the  jail  at  Carlisle. 
The  county  accounts  for  those  years  contain  man}'  items  for 
the  expenses   of  taking  prisoners  to  Carlisle,  keeping  them 
thei'e-and  bringing  them  here  for  trial.     Persons  charged  with 
'Offen-ces  of  a  minor  grade  were  kept  here  in  a  temporary  prison, 
and  there  are  also  numerous  charges  for  "repairs"  to  that 
prison — for  "iron  for  bars,"  for  "leg  bolts,  manacles,  &c.,"  and 
-for. the  pay  of  those  who  acted  as  "guards"  at  the  prison. 
'TTradition  says  that  this  prison  was  an  old  log  house  on  the 
\.lot  now  the  property  of  Levi  I),  llummelsine,  on  the  west  side 
of  South  Main  street.     That  it  was  some  such  insecure  place 
-is  evidenced  by  the  expenditures  made  upon  it  above  referred 
to,  and  also  from  the  fact  that  in  ItSS,  the  commissioners  of 
the  county  paid  Samuel  M'Clelland  £2,  5s.  6d.  for  "underpin- 
ning the  prison."     There  were  no  brick  buildings  here  in  1785, 
and  only  three  stone  ones,  viz  :  Chamber's  fort,  John  Jack's 
tavern  and  Nicholas  Snider's  blacksmith  shop.     All  the  rest 
were  of  logs,  small  and  inconvenient,  and  it  must  have  been 
one  of  the  worst  of  these  that  was  used  as  a  prison  at  first,  for 
only  such  an  one  would  have  needed  "underpinning,"  and  re- 
quire bars,  leg  bolts,  manacles  and  guards  to  keep  its  inmates 
.  safely. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIX    COUNTY.  53 

Nor  were  prisoners  then  allowed  to  spend  their  time  in  idle- 
ness whilst  in  jail  as  at  the  present  time.     They  were  kept  at 
labor,  as  is  evinced  by  the  numerons  expenditures  for  "picks- 
and  shovels"  and  "wheel-borroughs,"  and  for  the  pay  of  the-, 
superintendents  and  keepers  of  the  "wheel-borrough  men." 

THE    PUBLIC    OFFICES. 

Between  the  years  1184  and  1809,  a  period  of  twenty-five-! 
years,  Edward  Ci'awford,  Esq.,  held  the  offices  of  Prothonotar}'^, 
Register   and   Recorder   and    Clerk  of  the    Courts,   and  for- 
twenty-two  years  he  had  his  office  in  a  building  which  he 
erected  for  the  purpose  at  his  residence  on  east  Market  street, ., 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  law  office  of  Messrs.  Kennedy 
&  Stewart.     In  the  month  of  October,  1806,  the  first  county 
offices  were  finished  and  occupied.     The  building  stood  about 
twenty  feet  east  of  the   old  court  house,  facing  on  Market 
street,  and  cost  about  $2,500.00.     It  was  of  brick, two  stories, 
high,  and  about  forty  feet  long  by  twenty-five  feet  wide.     The 
Prothonotary  and  Clerk's  offices  were  in  the  western  end,  and 
the  Register's  and  Recorder's  offices  in  the  eastern  end,  the 
building  being  divided  by  a  hall  in  the  centre.     In  the  rear  of 
each  office  was  a  small  vaulted  room  for  the  preservation  of 
the  records  and  papers  of  the  offices.     On  the  second  story 
were  the  offices  of  the  County  Commissioners,  County  Treas- 
urer, Deput}"  Surveyor,  &c.     This  building  was  torn  down 
when  the  new  court  house  was  commenced,  about  the  year: 
1842. 

COUNTY    COURTS. 

I   have  already   stated  that  the  "count}'  courts"  in  those- 
days  were  held  by  such  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  the  county 
as  were  specially  commissioned  to  act  as  Judges  of  the  said 
courts.     Three  of  them   formed  a  quorum   to   do   business^. 
They  then  held  their  offices  for  seven  years  ;  and  by  the  fiftli, 
section  of  the  act  erecting  our  county,  it  was  provided  that 
the  commissions  of  all  Justices  residing  within  the  boundaries, 
of  the  new  county  should  continue  in  force  until  the  expira— 
tion  of  their  several   terms.     How  many  such  there  were  I 
know  not.     I  give,  however,  the  names  of  such  of  them  as- 
acted  as  Judges  of  our  courts  after  our  county  was  oi'gan— 
ized. 


54  IIISTOIIIC.AL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

The  fifth  section  of  the  act  erecting  our  county  provided 
that  the  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions  should 
be  held  four  times  in  each  year,  and  that  the  Quarter  Sessions 
should  sit  three  days  in  each  session,  and  no  more. 

This  act  was  approved  on  Thursday,  September  9th,  n84. 
On  Saturday,  September  11th,  178-1,  Edward  Crawford  Esq., 
Avas  appointed  and  commissoncd  Prothonotary,  Register  and 
Hecorder  and  Clerk  of  the  Courts  for  our  county.  He  was 
also  at  the  same  time  commissioned  a  Justice  of  the  county 
•courts  of  our  county.  I  suppose  he  was  at  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment (Philadelphia)  at  the  time,  looking  after  the  passage  of 
the  law  creating  our  county,  for  on  the  same  day  he  appeared 
before  the  Supreme  Executive  Council,  and  was  sworn  into 
•office  and  got  his  commissions.  On  the  next  Wednesday, 
September  15th  1184,  four  days  afterwards,  he  was  at  home, 
and  the  first  court  held  in  our  county  was  convened  that  day, 
before  Humphrey  Fullerton  and  Thomas  Johnson,  Esq's, 
•Justices  for  Antrim  township,  and  James  Finle3',  Esq.,  a 
-Justice  of  Letterkenny  township — all  of  them  former  Justices 
and  Judges  in  Cvimberland  county,  whose  commissions  were 
in  force,  and  who  were  therefore  qualified  to  hold  court  in 
Franklin  county.  There  were  no  jurors  present,  no  causes, 
•civil  or  criminal,  for  trial,  and  I  incline  to  the  opinion  that 
there  were  no  lawyers  present  but  one,  John  Clark,  Esq.,  of 
the  York  bar,  who  was  married  to  a  daughter  of  Nicholas 
Eittinger,  who  lived  near  Mont  Alto  Furnace.  Mr.  Clark 
^was  most  likely  here  casually.  He  had  been  a  Major  in  the 
Pennsjdvania  Line  in  the  revolutionary  war,  had  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  bar  of  long  standing  and  of  extended  reputation, 
yet  he  was,  on  his  own  request,  admitted  to  the  bar  of  our 
■county.  Had  there  been  any  "brother  attorne}^"  present,  en- 
titled to  the  privileges  of  his  profession,  Mr.  Clark  would  not 
iave  been  compelled  to  request  his  own  admission. 

The  second  session  of  our  county  court,  being  the  first 
^business  session,  was  held  on  Thursday,  December  2d,  1784  in 
the  second  story  of  John  Jack's  stone  tavern  house,  which  stood 
where  A.  J.  Miller's  drug  store  now  is,  until  the  fire  of  1864. 
The  Judges  present  were  William  M'Dowell,  of  Peters  ; 
Humphrey  Fullerton,  of  Antrim  ;  and  James  Finley,  of  Let- 
terkenny ;  Eldward  Crawford,  Jr.,  Prothonotary  and    Clerk  ; 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  00 

Jeremiah  Talbott,  Sheriff.  The  grand  jiuy  were  thirteen  in 
number,  viz  :  James  Poe,  Henry  Pawling,  William  Allison, 
William  M'Dowell,  Robert  Wilkins,  John  M'Connell,  John 
JM'Carney,  John  Ray,  John  Jack,  Jr.,  John  Dickson,  D.  M'Clin- 
tock,  Joseph  Chambers  and  Joseph  Long. 

The  courts  were  held  up  stairs,  and  tradition  says  the  crowd 
was  so  great  as  to  strain  the  joists  of  the  floor,  causing  great 
alarm  to  the  Court  and  bar,  and  others  in  the  house.  Whether 
this  tradition  is  true  or  false,  I  know  not,  but  it  is  very  proba- 
ble that  the  incident  did  occur.  That  the  courts  were  held  iu 
John  Jack's  house  for  several  years,  whilst  the  court  house 
was  being  built,  and  vip  until  1789,  inclusive,  is  conclusively 
shown  1)y  the  following  extracts  from  the  count}^  expenditures, 
found  in  the  annual  accounts  of  the  Commissioners  for  the 
years  named,  viz  : 
1785.  "By  an  order  to  John  Jack  for  the  use  of  his 

house  to  hold  courts  in,  &c.,"       -        -       £12,  7s,  6d. 

1789,  "B3' a  draw  given  to  Margaret  Jack  (John's 

widow)  for  the  use  of  her  house  to  hold 
courts  in,"  ..-.--       9, 

1790,  "Order  to  Mrs.  Jack  for  fire  wood  and  candles 

for  the  court,"      -         -         -         -         -  4,  4,  5 

A  change  was  then  made,  for  in — 
1790,  "An  order  was  issued  to  Walter  Beatty  for 

preparing  a  2')lcLce  for  court,"  -         -       15,6 

Where  this  ^Dlace  was  I  know  not,  but  it  was  no  doubt  some 
temporary  selection,  Walter  Beatty  was  the  sub-contractor, 
under  Captain  Benjamin  Chambers,  for  the  building  of  the 
court  house.  The  court  housQand  the  old  stone  jail  were  then 
being  built.  The  latter  must  have  been  gotten  under  roof  at 
least  in  1791,  for  that  year  the  Commissioners  paid  Walter 
Beatty  "for  preparing  for  the  court  to  sit  in  the  jji-ison^  £15, 
19s."  In  1792  they  also  paid  Captain  Benjamin  Chambers,  on 
the  court  house,  £1,074,  10s.  3d. ;  and  that  it  was  not  finished 
in  1793  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  the  Commissioners,  by  order 
of  the  court,  paid  that  year  to  Walter  Beatty,  £10,  10s.  "for 
detaining  his  hands  from  work  on  the  court  house."  The 
Judges  took  possession  and  occupied  the  court  house  for 
county  purposes  before  it  was  finished,  and  ordered  Mr,  Beatty 
to  be  paid  for  the  lost  time  of  his  hands,  as  aforesaid. 


56 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


At  the  second  session  of  our  courts,  on  motion  of  John 
Clark,  Esq.,  Robert  Magaw,  Thomas  Hartley,  James  Hamil- 
ton, Thomas  Duncan,  Thomas  Smith,  Ross  Thompson,  Ralph 
Bowie,  James  Ross,  James  Riddle,  Stephen  Chambers  and 
John  M'Dowell  were  admitted  to  practice  the  law  in  the  courts 
of  this  county. 

Our  county  courts,  as  thus  constituted,  continued  to  admin- 
ister justice  until  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  lt90. 
That  instrument  went  into  force,  for  most  purposes,  on  the  2d 
of  September,  1790,  but  the  third  section  of  the  schedule  to 
it  extended  the  commissions  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  and 
Judges  then  in  office  until  the  first  day  of  September,  1*791. 


JUSTICES  WHO  WERE  JUDGES. 

The  following  list  gives  the  names  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Peace  who  were  Judges  of  our  county  courts  for  this  county, 
from  the  9th  of  September,  1784,  to  the  2d  of  September,  1791, 
with  the  townships  they  were  appointed  from  and  the  dates  of 
their  respective  commissions,  which  ran  for  seven  years  : 


William  M'Dowell, 
Humphre}^  Fullerton, 
Thomas  Johnston, 
James  Finley, 
Edward  Crawford,  Jr., 
James  Chambers, 
George  Matthews, 
John  Rannels, 
Noah  Abraham, 
John  M'Clay, 
Richard  Bard, 
Samuel  Royer, 
John  Scott, 
John  Boggs, 
James  Maxwell,* 
John  Harring, 
John  Andrew, 
John  Martin, 
James  Maxwell, 
William  Henderson, 
James  M'Calmont, 
Christian  Oyster, 
Thomas  Johnston, 


Peters,  :N^ovember  13,  1778. 

Antrim,  April  18,  1782. 

Antrim,  April  18,  1782. 

Letterkenny,  March  1,  1783. 
Chambersburg,  September  11,  1784. 

Peters,  September  17,  1784. 

Hamilton,  February  4,  1785. 

Guilford,  March  1,  1785. 

Fannett,  October  31,  1785. 

Lurgan,  November  2,  1785. 

Peters,  March  15,  1786. 

Washington,  March  27,  1786. 

Chambersburg,  August  4,  1786. 

Chambei'sburg,  August  4,  1786. 

Montgomery,  August  26,  1786. 

Southampton,  November  1,  1786. 

Guilford,  April  16,  1787. 

Chambersburg,  December  8,  1787. 

Montgomery,  September  17,  1788. 

Greencastle,  September  25,  1788. 

Letterkenny,  September  23,  1789. 
Chambersburg,  July  16,  1790. 

Antrim,  September  29,  1790. 


*Commissioned  President  of  the  Courts. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


57 


JUDGES  UNDER  CONSTITUTION  OF  1*190. 

By  the  second  section  of  the  act  of  the  1.3th  of  April,  1791^ 
the  State  was  divided  into  ^fre  judicial  districts.  The  fourth 
district  was  composed  of  the  counties  of  Cumberiand,  Frank- 
lin, Bedford,  Huntingdon  and  Mifflin.  And  the  third  section 
of  the  same  act  further  provided  that  a  President  Judge, 
learned  in  the  law,  should  be  appointed  by  the  Goveriior  for 
each  district,  and  not  fewer  than  three  nor  more  than  four 
Associate  Judges  should  be  appointed  for  each  county.  They 
were  each  to  hold  during  good  behavior. 

On  the  nth  of  August,  1191,  Governor  Mifflin  appointed 
the  following  persons  Associate  Judges  of  our  courts,  to  hold 
from  the  first  of  September  following,  viz  : 


James  M'Dowell, 
James  Maxwell, 
George  Matthews, 
James  M'Calmont, 


First  Associate, 
Second      " 
Third         " 
Fourth      " 


Peters, 
Montgomery, 
Hamilton, 
Letterkenn}^, 

On  the  20th  of  August,  1791,  Governor  Mifflin  also  appoin- 
ted Thomas  Smith,  Esq.,  President  Judge  of  this  judicial  dis- 
trict, who  continued  to  serve  in  that  position  until  his  appoint- 
ment as  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  on  the  31st 
of  January,  179-4. 

FIRST    TAXES. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  first  tax  laid  in  this 
county,  in  1785  : 


Districts. 

Collectors. 

State  Tax. 

County  Tax. 

Antrim 

Franklin 

Fannett 

Guilford 

Samuel  M'CuUock 

William  Shanon 

Nathaniel  Paul 

Peter  Fry 

£365    5s 
69     1 
179     4 
223    6 
207     7 
320  11 
298     0 
312     6 
272  10 
262  16 

7d. 

7 

8 

9 
10 

7 

5 

5 

1 
11 

£57     Is.   4d. 
11  19     11 
30  19     10 
36     8       2 

Hamilton 

Letterkenuj' 

Lurgan  ....' 

Montgomery... . 
Peters 

William  Dickson 

George  Stinger 

Gavin  Morrow 

Thomas  Kennedy  .... 
Hugh    M'Kee 

3.3    7       8 
54  IS       9 

50  16      4 

51  7       4 
44  10       0 

Washington 

Frederick  Foreman  . . 

44  15       2 

£2,510  11 

10 

£418     4       6 

Being,  for  State  purix)ses  . . . 
for  county  purposes. 


$6,694  91 
1,115  27 


58 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF   FllANKLIN    COUNTY. 


The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  property  assessed  in 
this  county  in  the  year  1786  : 


03 

— ' 

oo 

S 

c3 

,-^ 

i-H 

CO 

TOWNSniPS. 

» 

§ 

O 

u 

0 

C 

© 
O 
< 

O 

Ph 

o 
h3 

02 

o 

OS 

o 
O 

m 
> 

O 
5 

1^ 
± 

a, 
S 

i5 

0 

1— 1 

cS 
IS 

Antrim 

30, 992 

£3 

37 

21 

435 

585 

50 

..27 

2 

Franklin 

1,153 

5 

96 

40 

84 

113 

20 

1 

1 

2 

Fannett 

19,  962 

2  10s. 

268 

366 

12 

4 

2 

9 

1 

Guilford 

21,335 

2  15 

t— 1 

r1 

275 

299 

13 

2 

2 

2 

7 

Hamilton 

22, 585 

2  10 

V 

^ 

a 

290 

356 

12 

6 

13 

i 

Letterkenny. . 

32,  917 

2  15 

^ 

343 

471 

22 

3 

6 

2 

6 

2 

Liurgan 

10,  526 

2  121^ 

< 

V 

164 

189 

6 

3 

1 

.. 

1 

3 

Montgomery. . 

24, 924 

3 

CD 
p. 

o 

491 

548 

46 

2 

2 

1 

18 

2 

Peters 

24, 839 
17,904 

3 

2  171^ 

< 

369 
20o 

455 
226 

30 
13 

3 

4 

4 
4 

•• 

"5 

1 

';[ 

Southampton, 

Washington.. . 

26, 483 

2  10 

400 

533 

3 

7 

7 

3 

1 
4 

8 
96 

2 

2 

3,324 

4,141 

227 

40  32 

13 

The    tax  levied  upon   this   propertj^  was  £2,368,  9s.    18d., 
equal  to  $6,315.96,  distributed  thus  : 


Antrim,     - 

£331   ITs. 

lid. 

or 

$885  08 

Franklin, 

92     8 

7 

246  48 

Fannett,    - 

191   12 

11 

511  07 

Guilford, 

203     7 

7 

542  35 

Hamilton, 

212     8 

5 

566  47 

Letterkenny, 

290     8 

11 

774  54 

Lurgan,     - 

111     6 

0 

296  81 

Montgomery, 

2.56  17 

9 

685  04 

Peters, 

272  12 

2 

726  98 

Southampton, 

156  15 

5 

418  07 

Washington, 

248  13 

0 

663  07 

£2,368     9        8        $6,315  96 
To-day,  though  there  is  no  State  tax  upon  real  estate,  the 
taxes  paid  by  the  people  of  this  county  are  as  follows,  viz : 
For  State  purposes  on  money  at  interest, 

&c., $6,144  00 

For  county  purposes,     .         -         -         -        56,015  97 


$62,159  97 
From  tax  returns  made  in  1786  and  1788,  for  the  township 
of  Franklin^  which  was  made  up  of  the  town  of  Chambers- 
burg,  and  some  seven  tracts  of  land  adjoining,  I  gather  the 


1785. 

1788. 

96 

134 

40 

24 

98 

105 

115 

126 

6 

4 

0 

1 

20 

18 

6 

6 

0 

1 

HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  59 

following  results,  viz :  That  there  were  in  the  said  township, 
in  the  said  years — 

Improved  lots,  ... 

Unimproved  lots,  ... 

Horses,       ..... 

Cows,    - 

Oxen,         ..... 
Bulls,     .---.- 
Slaves,       -        -         -         -         . 
Servants,        ..... 
Chairs,        .         .         .         .         . 

Physicians,  Four,  viz  :  Dr.  Abraham  Senseny,  Dr.  John  Jack, 
Dr.  George  Clingan  and  Dr.  Alexander  Stewart. 

Attorneys,  Three,  viz :  Andrew  Dunlap,  James  Riddle,  John 
Clark. 

Merchants,  Four,  viz  :  John  Calhoun,  Patrick  Campbell,  Sam- 
uel Purviance  and  Edward  Fitzgerald. 

Justices  and  ex-offlcio  Judges  of  the  Courts,  Four,  viz  :  John 
Boggs,  Edward  Crawford,  Jr.,  John  Martin  and 
John  Scott. 

Inn  Keepers,  Twelve,  viz  :  Hugh  Gibbs,  John  Martin,  William 
Morrow,  Wm.  Shannon,  Jacob  Yon  Statinfelt, 
Benj.  Swain,  Fred'k  Reimer,  George  Gressinger, 
Wm.  Bevis,  Wm.  Cowan,  Benj.  Swain  and  John 
Caldwell. 
Estimating   six   persons  to  a  dwelling,  the   population  of 

Chambersburg    in  1*786,  should  have  been  five  hundred  and 

seven tj'-six  persons,  and   in    1788,  eight   hundred   and    four 

persons. 

The  following  lands  were  also  assessed  in  the  said  township 

of  Franklin  in  the  years  1786  and  1788,  showing  conclusively 

that  it  embraced  more  territory  than  the  mere  plot  of  the  town 

of  Chambersburg,  viz : 

'  John  Alexander,         -         -         -         -  194  acres. 

George  Chambers,           -         -         -         -  58  " 

Benj.  Chambers,  Jr.,            -         -         -  105  " 

Joseph  Chambers,           ....  297  " 

James  Chambers,        -         -         -         -  100  " 

John  Kerr, 300  " 

Thomas  M'Kean,         ....  100  " 

1,154  acres. 


60  HISTORICAL   SKETCU   OP   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

CIIAMBEUSBURG    IN    1784-8. 

Colonel  Benjamin  Chambers,  as  I  have  already  stated,  laid 
out  Chambersburg  in  1764.  The  town  plot  was  entirely  east 
of  the  creek  and  south  of  the  Falling  Spring.  Third  street, 
now  the  bed  of  the  railroad,  was  its  eastern  limit,  and  did  not 
extend  further  south  than  where  Mr.  James  Logan  resides. 
The  lots  south  of  that  point  were  laid  out  by  John  Kerr,  taken 
from  his  farm  of  three  hundred  acres,  and  for  a  long  time  that 
part  of  the  place  was  called  "Kerr's  town." 

That  part  of  our  town  north  of  the  Falling  Spring  was  laid 
out  by  Colonel  Thomas  Hartley,  ofYork,  in  1787.  He  purchased 
the  land  from  Joseph  Chambers,  Esq.,  whose  farm  of  near  three 
hundred  acres  lay  north  and  east  of  the  town.  Edward  Craw- 
ford, Esq.,  also  subsequently  bought  of  Mr.  Joseph  Chambers, 
the  land  between  the  railroad  and  the  eastern  point,  and  Mar- 
ket and  Queen  streets,  and  laid  it  out  into  town  lots. 

In  1791  Captain  Benjamin  Chambers,  who  had  a  farm  of 
over  one  hundred  acres  along  the  west  side  of  the  Conocoche- 
ague  creek,  laid  out  that  part  of  the  town. 

Our  town  in  those  days,  (say  from  1784  to  1788)  presented 
a  very  different  appearance  from  what  it  now  does,  or  from 
what  it  did  before  the  great  fire  of  1 864.  There  were  no  bridges 
of  any  kind  across  the  creek.  The  east  bank  of  the  stream 
through  the  town  site,  with  the  exceptions  of  a  few  places,  was 
quite  steep  and  covered  with  a  forest  of  cedars,  oaks  and  wal- 
nut, and  a  thick  undergrowth  of  bushes.  There  was  quite  a 
depression  between  Market  street  and  the  hill  upon  which  the 
Baptist  church  stands,  and  a  number  of  fine  springs  of  water 
issued  out  of  the  bank  at  various  points,  and  poured  their 
crystal  treasures  into  the  creek. 

West  of  the  creek  was  the  farm  of  Cap>tain  Benjamin  Cham- 
bers. The  road  from  Strasburg  and  the  north-western  parts  of 
the  county  came  in  on  the  same  route  it  now  does,  but  passed 
down  to  the  "lower  fording,"  at  Sierer's  factory,  crossed  the 
creek  there  and  entered  town  by  West  Queen  street. 

Main  street  was  not  then  opened  north  of  the  Falling  Spring. 
The  ground  between  the  spring  and  the  present  residence  of 
James  G.  Elder,  Esq.,  was  a  deep  swamp.  The  road  towards 
Carlisle  and  "the  upper  fording,"  at  Heyser's  paper  mill,  left 
Main  street  at  King  street,  passed  westward  out  King  street 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  61 

to  the  Falling  Spring,  crossed  it  just  east  of  where  Mr.  Mar- 
tin Ludwig  lately  resided,  passed  north  and  east  along  the 
west  side  of  the  spring  over  the  old  Indian  burial  ground, 
through  the  Presb}' terian  church  .yard,  skirting  the  base  of  the 
hill  on  which  the  church  stands,  and  connected  with  the  road 
in  front  of  the  church.  The  prest3nt  pike  leading  to  Carlisle 
was  not  then  made.  Indeed,  there  was  no  road  from  this  to 
Shippensburg  east  of  the  Conocochcague,  or  if  there  was  such 
a  road,  it  was  a  .very  poor  one,  the  crossing  of  the  creek  be- 
tween the  two  points  being  very  difficult  and  dangerous. 
Most  persons  going  to  Shippensburg  and  points  east  went  out 
the  Strasburg  road  and  branched  off  b}'  the  Row  road.  Mr 
George  K.  Harper,  who  came  to  our  town  between  1790  and 
1793,  informed  me  that  at  that  time  Strasburg  was  a  much  more 
important  point  than  Chambersburg ;  that  the  mail  for  the 
north  and  east  went  from  Chambersburg,  hy  way  of  Strasburg 
and  that,  because  the  transportation  and  travel  over  the  moun- 
tains were  done  by  horses  alone,  there  was  more  life  and  en- 
ergy at  Strasburg  than  at  Chambersburg,  as  many  as  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  pack  horses,  loaded  with  merchandise,  arriving 
or  departing  at  a  time. 

At  the  period  of  which  I  speak  the  streets  of  the  town  were 
nearly  in  the  same  condition  as  when  laid  out,  although  some 
twenty  to  twenty-four  years  had  passed  since  their  dedication 
to  public  use.  Pavements  were  few  and  of  the  worst  kind, 
made  to  suit  the  convenience  or  fanc}^  of  the  persons  by  whom 
they  were  constructed.  The  court  house  and  the  new  jail  were 
going  up  slowly.  Immediatel}'  around  the  '"Diamond"  there 
were  but  few  improvements.  John  Jack's  stone  house,  in  which 
the  courts  were  held,  was  the  best  building  in  town.  John  Mar- 
tin, kept  tavern  in  a  low  two-story  log  house,  about  twenty  by 
twent3'-five  feet  in  size,  where  Mrs.  Watson  resides.  The  lot 
where  Ludwig's  building  now  is  was  vacant,  and  remained  so 
until  1795,  when  Stephen  Rigler  built  the  stone  house  on  it  so 
long^know  as  Noel's  hotel.  Hugh  Gibb  kept  a  tavern  in  a  smaU 
two-story  log  house  which  stood  where  the  National  bank  now 
stands.  A  small  blacksmith  shop  stood  where  the  Franklin 
County  Bank  now  stands,  and  Samuel  Lindsay  owned  and  oc- 
cupied a  small  log  house  which  stood  on  the  lot  the  Reposi- 
tory hall  now  occupies.  The  other  lots  facing  the  Diamond 
were  then  unimproved. 


62  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

There  were  about  one  huuclred  and  thirty-five  dwellings  in 
the  town,  but  as  the  whole  population  of  the  county  had  to 
come  to  Chanibersburg  to  vote,  for  several  years  after  the  or- 
ganization of  the  county,  a  liberal  provision  in  the  shape  of 
taverns  was  made  for  its  accommodation.  In  addition  to  those 
named  already,  Owen  Aston  kept  a  tavern  in  the  Geo.  Gcctt- 
man  propert}',  on  the  south-east  corner  of  Main  and  King 
streets  for  a  while  and  was  succeeded  by  Jacob  Von  Statten- 
field  ;  Nicholas  Snider,  where  the  Montgomery  hotel  is  ;  Benj. 
Swain,  where  the  late  Rev.  B.  L.  Schneck  lived  ;  Wm.  Morrow, 
where  Peter  Bruner  now  lives ;  Thomas  Shannon,  where  Cap- 
tain Jeffries  lives ;  Wm,  Shannon,  where  the  Union  Hotel 
stands,  George  Graesing,  where  Mrs.  Fold  lives ;  Wm.  Thorn 
and  Geo.  Wills,  opposite  the  Acadeni}',  on  east  Queen  street ; 
John  Smith  and  David  Fleming,  at  John  Stevenson's  old  prop- 
erty, west  Queen  street ;  Frederick  Reamer,  Heck's  old  prop- 
erty, south  Main  street ;  William  Bevis,  on  west  side  of  south 
Main  street,  corner  of  the  alley,  in  the  house  now  belonging 
to  Mrs.  Byers.  Besides  these  there  were  several  others  whose 
location  I  don't  know  witli  certaint3\ 

POSTAL  FACILITIES  IN  1788. 

We  have  now  the  Cumberland  Yalley  railroad,  running 
through  our  valley,  from  the  Susquehanna  to  the  Potomac, 
with  branches  and  connecting  roads  to  Dillsburg,  South  Moun- 
tain, Mont  Alto,  Mercersburg  and  Path  Yalley  at  the  Rich- 
mond furnace  ;  and  we  have  daily  postal  communications  with 
Pittsburg,  Harrisburg,  Philadelphia,  New  York,  Baltimore, 
Washington  city  and  even  points  more  distant,  and  also  re- 
ceive, almost  daily,  the  news  of  current  events  in  Europe  and 
Asia,  and  other  more  distant  parts  of  the  earth.  But  it  was 
not  so  in  the  times  of  which  I  am  now  writing,  as  is  evidenced 
by  the  following  resolution  passed  by  the  Congress  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  on  the  20th  of  May,  1788,  viz  : 

^''Resolved,  That  the  Post  Master  General  be  and  he  is  here- 
by directed  to  employ  posts  for  the  regular  transportation  of 
the  mail  between  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and  the  town  of 
Pittsburg,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  by  the  route  of 
Lancaster,  York  town,  Carlisle,  Chambers'  town  and  Bedford, 
and  that  the  mail  be  dispatched  once  in  each  fortnight  from  the 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  63 

said  post  offices,  respectively."  Journal  of  Congress,  volume 
4,  page  Sn. 

It  is  remarkable  tliat  Harrisburg,  the  capitol  city  of  our 
now  great  Commonwealth,  is  not  even  mentioned  in  this 
resolution  ;  and  nothing  that  I  know  of  so  emphatically  shows 
the  progress  we  have  made  as  a  nation,  in  the  past  eighty- 
eight  years,  as  the  difference  between  the  postal  facilities  con  > 
templated  by  this  resolve  of  Congress  and  the  postal  facilities 
we  now  enjo}'. 

From  the  Hon.  James  H.  Marr,  Acting  P'irst  Assistant 
Postmaster  General,  I  learn  that  a  post  office  was  first  es- 
tablished at  Chambersburg  on  the  first  of  June,  1T90.  I  had 
an  idea  that  we  had  a  post  office  here  at  a  much  earlier  date. 
The  settlement  was  then  sixty  years  old ;  the  town  had  been 
in  existence  twenty-six  years  and  the  county  nearly  six  years, 
and  it  is  surprising  to  think  that  our  ancestors  did  so  long 
without  governmental  postal  facilties.  The  same  authority 
informs  me  that  the  following  persons  filled  our  post  office  in. 
the  earlier  years  of  its  existence,  viz  : 

John  Martin,        ...       -    Appointed  1  June,  1790. 

Patrick  Campbell,  -  -       -       -         "  1  July,  1795. 

Jeremiah  Mahon}',      -       -       .  "  1  January,  1796. 

John  Brown.  .  .       .       .         "  5  July.  1802. 

Jacob  Dechert,     -       -       -       -  "  7  April,  1818. 

John  Findlay,         -  .       -       -         "         20  March,  1829. 
William  Gilmore,       -       -       -  "24  i^ov.  1838. 

I  hope  to  be  able  to  state  hereafter  when  the  several  other 
post  offices  of  our  county  were  established.  See  title  "Post 
offices  in  Franklin  county." 

The  Shippensburg  j^ost  office  was  first  established  13th  May, 
1790,  but  a  few  days  before  ours.  Prior  to  these  dates  our 
j)eople  had  to  depend  upon  private  carriers  to  get  their  mail 
matter  from  older  offices,  or  await  the  semi-monthly  coming 
of  the  post  rider  referred  to  in  the  resolution  of  Congressjust 
given. 

FIRST    ELECTION    OF    CONGRESSMEN. 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  went  into  operation 
on  the  first  Wednesday  of  March,  1789.  What  number  of 
the  people  of  our  State  were  then  entitled  to  vote  I  know  not ; 
but   amongst   the    proceedings  of    the    Supreme   Executive 


64  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Council  of  Penusj'lvaiiia,  under  date  of  the  31st  of  December, 
1188,  the  returns  of  the  election  of  members  of  Congress  held 
just  before,  are  given,  from  which  it  appears  that  but  15,774 
votes  were  polled  in  the  whole  State,  and  that  the  highest 
candidate  upon  the  two  tickets  received  the  following  number 
of  votes  respectivel}',  viz  : 

Fred'k  Augustus  Muhlenberg,  of  Montgomery,         8,707 
John  Allison,  of  Franklin, 7,OG7 

NEWSrAPERS. 

From  the  organization  of  our  county,  in  September,  1784, 
to  July  14th,  1790,  there  was  no  newspaper  published  in 
Franklin  county,  and  all  the  shei-iff's  proclamations,  notices 
of  candidates  for  office,  of  real  estate  offered  for  sale,  estrays, 
runawa}'  negroes,  desertions  of  bed  and  board  by  wives,  &c., 
&c.,  were  published  in  Tlie  Carlisle  Gazette  and  Repository  of 
Knowledge^  printed  at  Carlisle,  Cumberland  county. 

It  has  been  claimed  that  a  paper  called  the  Franklin  Minerva 
was  published  at  Chambersburg  before  the  j^ear  1790  by  Mr. 
Robert  Harper.  I  doubt  the  truth  of  this  claim.  No  copy 
of  the  paper  now  exists,  by  which  to  determine  the  doubt,  but 
the  fact  that  Sheriff  Johnson,  in  July,  1790,  published  his 
proclamation  in  the  Carlisle  Gazette,  shows  almost  to  a  demon- 
stration that  there  was  no  newspaper  here  about  the  beginning 
of  June,  1790,  when  that  proclamation  was  first  inserted  in 
the  Carlisle  Gazette.  Again,  I  do  not  think  that  Robert  Har- 
per was  then  here.  An  examination  of  the  assessment  lists 
of  the  count}^  shows  that  his  name  appears  for  the  first  time 
as  a  taxpayer  in  Franklin  township  (Chambersburg,)  in  the 
year  1794,  so  that  it  is  most  likelj^  he  came  here  sometime  in 
the  previous  3^ear,  perhaps  about  the  time  he  formed  the 
partnership  with  Mr.  Davison,  hereafter  referred  to.  It  is 
known  that  William  Davison  commenced  the  pxiblication  of 
his  paper  at  Chambersburg  on  the  14th  of  July,  1790,  under 
the  name  of  "  The  Western  Advertiser  and  Chambersburg 
Weekly  Newsxja.per,''^  and  the  assessment  lists  for  1791  con- 
tain his  name  as  one  of  the  taxpayers  in  Franklin  township 
for  that  year.  Mr.  Davison  afterwards,  about  the  j^ear  1792 
or  '93,  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Harper,  which  con- 
tinued until  the  fall  of  1793,  when  he  died,  and  Mr.  Harper 
became  sole  owner  of  the  paper.     On  the  12th  of  September, 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  65 

It 93,  Mr.  Harper  changed  the  name  of  the  paper  to  that  of 
"■  Chamhershurg  Gazette, ^^  under  which  title  it  was  published 
until  the  25th  of  April,  1*796,  when  he  again  changed  its  name 
to  that  of  the  '■''Franklin  Repository^  It  was,  when  first 
established,  a  small,  three  column  concern,  about  ten  by 
sixteen  inches  in  size,  and  cost  fifteen  shillings  per  year.  It 
was  almost  wholly  made  up  of  advertisements  and  extracts 
from  foreign  journals,  for  those  were  the  days  when  Napoleon 
was  stirring  up  the  nations  of  the  old  world  generally. 

In  the  year  1800  George  Kenton  Harper  became  the  sole 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Repository,  and  conducted  it  until 
January,  1840,  when  he  sold  out  to  Mr.  Joseph  Pritts.  So 
indifferent  were  the  post  office  arrangements  for  the  carrying 
and  delivering  of  newspapers  from  1194  to  1828,  that  the  Har- 
pers (Robert  and  George  K.)  employed  their  own  "Post 
Riders,"  who  once  a  week  rode  through  large  sections  of  the 
-county  to  ensure  the  certain  and  speedy  delivery  of  the  Re- 
pository  at  all  points  where  it  could  not  be  sent  through  the 
mails. 

For  much  of  the  subsequent  history  of  the  Repository  and 
other  newspapers  which  were  heretofore  published  in  our 
county,  I  am  indebted  to  an  article  written  by  B.  M.  Xead, 
Esq.,  and  published  in  the  Repository  on  the  2Tth  of  March, 
1872. 

"As  above  seen,"  says  Mr.  Nead,  "Mr.  Harper  gave  up  the 
■control  of  '■The  Franklin  Repository''  to  Mr.  Pritts  in  the 
year  1840.  Mr.  Pritts  served  an  apprenticeship  and  worked 
as  a  journeyman  at  the  printing  business  in  Cumberland,  Ma- 
ryland, from  which  place  he  removed  to  Chambersburg  about 
the  year  1820.  In  1823  he  became  the  editor  and  proprietor 
■of  a  Democratic  paper  st^ded  the  ^Franklin  Republican,'' 
started  in  1808  by  William  Armour,  who  Avas  followed  in  its 
editorship  by  John  Hershberger,  John  MTarlaud  and  John 
Sloan,  whose  successor  Mr.  Pritts  was.  This  paper  Mr.  Pritts 
continued  to  edit  until  the  year  1828,  when  the  anti-Masonic 
excitement  arose.  He  then  gave  up  the  publication  of  the 
Franklin  Republican,  bought  the  Anti-Masonic  Press,  a  paper 
which  had  been  established  by  Mr.  James  Culbertson,  and 
started  a  new  paper,  strongl}^  advocating  anti-Masonic  prin- 
ciples, under  the  name  of  '  The  Anti-Masonic  Whig.''  This 
paper  Mr.  Pritts  continued  to  edit  until  the  year  1840,  when 
5 


66  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

he  i^urchased  the  Repository  froin  Mr.  Harper,  and  united  the 
two  papers  under  the  name  of  the  '' Rej)ository  and  WhigJ 
In  1840  Mr.  Benjamin  Oswald,  of  Kittanning,  Pennsylvania^ 
was  associated  with  Mr.  Pritts  in  editing  the  paper,  and  in 
1841  Wm.  R.  Rankin,  Esq.,  filled  the  same  position.  In  1842 
Wm.  H.  Downey  bought  Mr.  Pritts'  interest  in  the  paper,  and 
continued  to  publish  it  until  1846,  when  he  sold  out  to  Mr.. 
Wm.  Brewster.  Mr.  Pritts  continued  about  the  office,  as  a 
general  superintendent,  adding  weekly  to  its  spiciness  by  his- 
wit  and  satire,  until  the  year  1848,  when  he  died.  The  paper 
was  then  in  the  hands  of  Messrs.  John  F.  Denny,  Hugh  W, 
Reynolds  and  D.  0.  Gehr.  On  the  1st  of  February,  1849,  Mr. 
Reynolds  withdrew,  and  the  remaining  partners  carried  on  tlie 
paper  until  1st  of  Ma}-  of  that  3'ear,  when  the}^  sold  out  to 
Messrs.  John  W.  Boj'd,  of  Hagerstown,  and  David  E.  Stover, 
of  Greencastle. 

"On  the  4th  of  July,  1849,  Messrs.  Henry  A.  Mish  and 
Lewis  A.  Shoemaker  started  a  paper  called  '•The  Franklin 
Intelligencer^^  and  continued  its  publication  until  1851,  when 
it  was  purchased  b}^  Stover  &  Boyd  and  merged  in  the  Rejios- 
itory.  In  the  spring  of  1852  Mr.  Stover  became  sole  proprie- 
tor of  the  Repository^  and  on  the  first  of  May  of  that  year 
Col.  A.  K.  M'Clure  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  paper, 
and  in  September  following  obtained  the  entire  control  of  it.'^ 

"  On  the  4th  of  July,  1853,  R.  P.  Ilazelet,  who  for  some 
time  had  been  issuing,  semi-monthly,  a  ten  by  twelve  adver- 
tising sheet,  called  '  TAe  Om7i?6us,' began  the  publication  of 
a  paper  called  ^  The  Transcript.''  In  October,  1854,  George 
Eyster  &  Co.  became  interested  with  Mr.  Hazelet  in  the  Tran- 
script, and  continued  to  publish  it  until  December,  1855,  when 
they  sold  it  to  Washington  Crooks  &  Co.,  who  about  the  same 
time  purchased  the  Repository  from  Col.  M'Clure.  They  con- 
solidated the  two  papers  under  the  name  of  the  '■  Rep>ository 
and  Transcript.''  A  few  years  after  the}^  sold  out  to  G.  H. 
Merkline  &  Co.  About  1861,  A.  N.  Rankin,  one  of  the  latter 
firm,  got  sole  control  of  the  paper.  Soon  after  Snively  Strick- 
ler,  Esq.,  became  proprietor,  and  in  186.S  he  sold  it  to  A.  K.. 
M'Clure  and  H.  S.  Stoner,  who  again  changed  the  name  to 
^The  Franklin  Repository.' 

"On  the  19th  of  April,  1861,  G.  II.  Merkline  &  Co.  started 
the  Semi-WeeJdy  Dispjatch.     It  continued  till  June,  1863,  wheiii 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY,  07 

it  was  purchased  by  Messrs.  M'Clure  &  Stoner,  and  merged 
in  tlie  Repository.  On  the  30th  of  July,  1864,  the  Rej^ository 
ofiice,  and  everything  connected  with  it,  Avas  destroyed  wlien 
our  town  was  burnt  by  the  Rebels.  It  was  started  again  soon 
after  in  the  lecture  room  of  the  Presbyterian  churcli,  from 
which  it  was  issued  till  June,  ISfiG,  when  it  was  removed  to 
its  present  location. 

"On  the  1st  of  July,  1865,  'The  Repository  Association' 
Avas  formed,  and  the  paper  was  issued  under  its  auspices,  with 
Messrs.  M'Clure  &  Stoner  as  editors  and  publishers.  On  the 
30th  of  May,  1868,  they  retired,  and  Messrs.  Jere  Cook  &  S. 
W.  Hays  obtained  control  of  it  as  editors  and  publishers.  On 
the  1st  of  July,  1870,  Mr.  Hays  retired  and  Mr,  H.  S,  Stoner 
took  his  place,  and  the  paper  was  published  by  Messrs.  Cook 
&  Stoner  until  the  15th  of  August,  1874,  when  it  went  into 
the  hands  of  Major  John  M.  Pomeroy,  its  present  owner  and 
editor.  It  has  now  reached  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-seven 
years.  It  is  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  a  circulation  of 
about  2,200." 

The  first  English  Democratic  paper  that  I  have  been  able 
to  hear  of,  published  in  our  count}^,  was  called  "TAe  Franklin 
Republican,''^  and  was  started  by  William  Armour  about  the 
year  180C.  He  was  succeeded  by  Frederick  Goeb,  or  Geib, 
and  Richard  White.  The}'  published  two  papers,  one  in  Ger- 
man and  one  in  English.  The  German  part  of  the  oflice  was 
owned  by  Goeb,  and  White  owned  the  English  part.  About 
the  year  1808  John  Hershberger  bought  these  gentlemen  out. 

About  this  time  George  K.  Harper  was  publishing  a  Ger- 
man paper  in  the  same  office  with  the  Repository.,  called  '•^  Ber 
Redliche  Registrator''^ — "The  True  Recorder."  This  paper 
Mr.  Harper  sold  to  F.  W  Schoepflin  about  the  year  1814,  who 
removed  it  from  the  Repjository  office  and  conducted  it  as  a 
Democratic  paper  until  his  death,  in  1825,  when  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Henr}^  Ruby,  who  had  learned  the  printing  busi- 
ness with  Mr.  Schoepflin.  He  published  it  until  1831,  when 
he  discontinued  it, 

Mr,  Hershberger  conducted  "  The  Franklin  Republicans^  as 
the  Democratic  organ  of  the  county,  at  the  same  time  pub- 
lishing the  German  paper  formerly  issued  by  Mr,  Goeb.  After 
several  years  he  sold  both  papers  to  Mr.  James  M'Farland,  by 
whom  the  German  paper  was  discontinued.     Mr.  M'Farland 


68  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

sold  the  '•'■  Repuhlicaii''''  to  John  Sloan,  :\l)Out  the  year  1816, 
who  continued  to  publish  it  until  his  death,  in  1831.  Sometime 
After  Joseph  Pritts  married  the  widow  of  Mr.  Sloan,  and  thus 
■obtained  control  of  the  j)rinting  olHce.  Mr.  Pritts  was  then  a 
atrong  Democrat^  and  greatly  enlarged  and  improved  the  paper, 
and  as  a  reward  for  his  devotion  to  his  party  and  its  interests 
was  appointed  county  treasurer  for  several  years. 

In  the  year  1828  the  anti-Masonic  excitement  reached  its 
heigiit,  and  Mr.  Pritts,  being  dissatisfied  with  the  course  of 
the  Democratic  party  in  relation  to  the  United  States  Bank, 
and  on  other  political  questions,  and  being  actuated  by  a  dread 
of  the  pernicious  influence  of  secret  societies  upon  the  future 
of  the  country,  with  large  numbers  of  his  former  Democratic 
associates,  joined  the  new  party  and  purchased  the  '•''Anti-Ma- 
mnic  Fress,^^  a  paper  which  Mr.  James  Cull)ertson  had  shortly 
before  established  here.  This  paper  Mr.  I'ritts  conducted  for 
a  short  time,  as  only  he  could  conduct  a  newspaper,  in  the 
interests  of  the  anti-Masonic  party,  when  he  purchased  the 
"'•  Fraiiklin  Repository''^  and  consolidated  the  two  papers. 

When  Mr.  Pritts  ceased  to  publish  the  Republican  as  a  Dem- 
"Ocratic  paper  the  Democratic  party  were  left  without  an  organ 
in  our  county.  But  in  the  year  18.31,  or  thereabouts,  Messrs. 
Henry  Euby  and  James  Maxwell  started  a  new  Democratic 
paper  called  "  The  Franklin  Telegraph.''''  After  publishing  it 
for  about  six  or  seven  years,  they  sold  it  to  Messrs.  Michael 
C.  Brown  and  Hiram  Kesey,  who,  in  the  year  1841,  sold  it  to 
John  Brand,  who  changed  the  name  to  "  The  Chamibershurg 
Times.''''  In  1843  he  sold  out  to  Franklin  G.  Maj-,  who,  in 
1845,  associated  Mr.  Enos  R.  Powell  with  himself  in  the  con- 
.duction  of  the  paper.  In  1848  Mr.  May  retired  and  Alfred 
H.  Smith  took  his  place,  and  the  name  of  the  paper  was 
changed  to  '•'' The  Cumherland  Valley  Sentinel.'^  In  1851 
Messrs.  B.  F.  Nead  and  JohnD.  Kinneard  became  the  proprie- 
tors, with  Joseph  Nill,  Esq.,  and  afterAvards  Dr.  William  H. 
Boyle,  as  editors.  On  the  1st  of  July,  1852,  the  paper  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Messrs.  John  M.  Cooper  and  Peter  S.  Dech- 
ert,  and  was  merged  into  "  The  Valley  Sjnrit^^^  which  paper 
these  gentlemen  had  removed  from  Shippensburg  to  Cham- 
Ijersburg  about  a  year  previously.  In  185Y  Messrs.  Cooper  & 
Dechert  sold  the  paper  to  Messrs.  George  H.  Mengel  &  Co., 


M  ^'r^ 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  G9 

Dr.  Boyle  continuing  as  editor.     In  18G0  Messrs.  Mengel  & 
Ripper  became  the  owners,  Dr.  Boyle  continuing  as  editor. 

In  April,  1858,  Messrs.  R.  P.  Ilazelet  and  David  A.  Wertz 
started  a  paper  called  'TAe  Independent.''''  In  1859  they  sold 
it  to  W.  I.  Cook  and  P.  Dock  Frey,  who  changed  its  name  to 
"  The  Times.''''  Mr.  Cook  retired  in  a  short  time,  and  gave- 
l)lace  to  Mr.  M.  A.  Foltz.  In  1860  Messrs.  Jacob  Sellers  and 
Wm.  Kennedy  became  the  owners  of  The  Times,  and  pub- 
lished it  as  a  Democratic  paper.  In  1862  Messrs.  H.  C.  Key- 
ser  and  B.  Y.  Ilamsher  purchased  the  Valley  Spirit  from 
Messrs.  Ripper  &  Mengel,  and  shortly  after  Mr.  Kennedy  as- 
sociated himself  and  his  paper  with  them,  and  the  name  of 
the  paper  was  changed  to  that  of  '•''The  Spirit  and  Times,'''' 
and  published  by  B.  Y.  Ilamsher  &  Co.  In  1863  Mr.  Ken- 
nedy retired  and  the  name  of  the  paper  was  again  changed  to 
''The  Valley  Spirit:'  In  July,  186Y,  J.  M.  Cooper  &  Co. 
again  became  the  owners.  In  September,  186*7,  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Messrs.  Augustus  Duncan  and  Wm.  S.  Stenger,, 
who  continued  its  publication  until  1816,  when  they  sold  out 
to  Mr.  Joseph  C.  Clugston,  the  present  jjroprietor.  It  is  now 
edited  by  John  M.  Cooper,  Esq.,  is  Democratic  in  politics  and 
has  a  circulation  of  2,160. 

The  following  newspapers  are  now  also  being  published  in 
our  county,  viz. : 

The  '•'•Public  Ojnnion,^^  at  Chambersburg.  It  was  estab- 
lished in  the  year  1869  by  its  present  editor  and  proprietor, 
Moses  A.  Foltz.  It  is  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  a  cir- 
culation of  about  1,*700. 

The  '•'•  llercershurg  Journal,"  published  at  Mercersburg,  is- 
owned  and  edited  by  M.  J.  Slick,  Esq.  It  is  neutral  in  poli- 
tics, and  has  a  circulation  of  about  500.  It  was  established 
in  1846. 

"  The  Village  Record'''  is  published  at  Waynesboro',  b}-  W. 
Blair,  who  is  editor  and  proprietor.  It  was  established  in 
1847,  has  a  circulation  of  about  1,000,  and  is  neutral  in  poli- 
tics. 

"  The  Valley  Echo'''  is  published  at  Greencastle,  by  George 
E.  Ilaller,  editor  and  proprietor.  It  was  established  in  1867. 
has  a  circulation  of  about  500,  and  is  neutral  in  politics. 

"  The  Keystone  Gazette"  is  a  new  weekly  paper,  the  publica- 
tion of  which  was  commenced  at  Waynesboro',  in  our  count}-,. 


To  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

fibout  tlie  1st  of  Sc'pteml)er  last,  l)y  Messrs.  J.  C.  West  &  W. 
J.  C.  Jacobs,  editors  and  proprietors.  It  is  Democratic  in 
politics  and  claims  a  circulation  of  about  500. 

The  '"Saturday  Local  ^^  is  a  weekly  newspaper  recently 
started  at  Chambersburg,  by  Joseph  Pomeroy  &  Co.  It  is 
neutral  in  politics. 

GENERAL    WASHINGTON'S    VISIT. 

On  the  first  of  October,  ItD-t,  President  Washington  left 
Philadelphia  for  the  western  part  of  this  State,  called  thither 
by  the  troubles  known  in  our  history  as  the  "  Whisky  Insur- 
rection." He  was  accompanied  by  General  Henry  Knox,  the 
Secretary  of  War ;  General  Alexander  Hamilton,  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury;  Hon.  Richard  Peters,  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  the  United  States  for  Pennsylvania;  Mr.  Dandridge, 
liis  Private  Secretary,  and  others  of  his  official  family.  On 
Priday,  the  4th  of  the  month,  the  party  reached  Harrisburg, 
and  on  Saturday,  the  5th,  Carlisle,  where  a  considerable  part 
of  the  army  was  already  assembled.  The  President  remained 
at  Carlisle  until  the  11th  inst.  During  that  time  he  had  sev- 
eral interviews  with  the  commissioners  from  the  insurgents, 
who  wished  him  to  disband  the  army,  assuring  him  that  the  peo- 
ple of  the  insurrectionary  counties  would  obey  the  laws  with- 
out marching  the  troops  out  there.  He  refused  to  accede  to 
their  request,  yet  he  assured  them  that  no  violence  would  be 
done,  that  all  that  he  desired  was  to  have  the  people  come 
back  to  their  allegiance. 

On  the  morning  of  Saturda}',  the  11th  inst.,  the  Presidential 
party  left  Carlisle  and  reached  Chambersburg  that  evening. 
Whilst  here  they  stopped  with  William  Morrow,  who  kept  a 
tavern  in  a  stone  house  which  stood  on  south  Main  street,  on 
the  lot  recently  owned  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Richards,  dec'd.,  now  the 
property  of  Peter  Bruner.  The  President  and  party  went 
south  from  this,  through  Greencastle,  to  Williamsport,  Mary- 
land, and  from  thence  to  Fort  Cumberland ;  but  as  they  did 
not  reach  Williamsport  until  the  evening  of  Monday,  the  13th, 
the  i^resumption  is  that  the}'  remained  in  our  town  over  Sun- 
<lay,  the  12th  inst.,  as  it  is  well  known  that  President  Wash- 
ington was  ver}^  averse  to  doing  any  work  on  the  Lord's  Da}^, 
which  could  be  avoided. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIX    COUNTY.  71 

THE    AYIIISKEY    INSURRECTION. 

Tor  three  or  four  years  prior  to  the  date  of  President  Wash- 
ington's visit  to  our  town,  the  larger  part  of  the  people  of 
the  counties  of  Fayette,  Alleghenj',  Westmoreland  and  Wash- 
ton,  in  our  State,  had  been  in  open  rebellion  against  the  gen- 
eral government,  because  of  the  United  States  excise  tax 
iipon  "whisk^-.  The  tax  was  original!}'  only  four  pence  per 
gallon,  and  was  subsequently  reduced  below  that  sum.  The 
people  of  that  section  of  the  State  were  mainly  the  descend- 
ants of  Scotch-Irishmen,  who  hated  the  name  and  office  of  an 
exciseman.  There  were  no  temperance  societies  then  in  ex- 
istence, and  to  make  and  drink  whisky  was  common,  and  was 
not  regarded  as  disreputable  by  any  one ;  and  the  fame  of 
their  "Old  Monongahela"  Avas  proverbial  east  and  west.  The 
onl}'  surplus  products  of  the  people  of  that  region  were  corn 
and  rye,  and  it  would  not  pay  to  transport  them  to  the  eastern 
markets  by  pack  horses,  the  only  means  they  had.  A  horse 
could  carry  but  four  bushels  of  rye  over  the  miserable  roads 
then  in  existence,  but  he  could  carry  the  product  of  twenty-four 
Ijushels  in  the  shape  of  whisky.  They  therefore  made  whisk}^ 
everywhere.  Almost  ever}'  farmer  had  his  "  still."  They 
thought  as  they  had  cultivated  their  lands  for  years,  at  the 
peril  of  their  lives  every  hour,  and  had  fought  the  savages  un- 
aided most  of  the  time  by  the  gOA'ernment,  which  gave  them 
little  protection,  the}'  had  a  right  to  do  as  they  pleased  with 
the  surplus  products  of  their  labors.  And  so  they  made  it 
into  whisky,  knowing  that  it  could  be  easily  shipped  east  to  a 
market  where  it  would  find  a  ready  sale.  They  denied  the 
right  of  the  government  to  tax  it,  refused  to  pay  the  tax,  tar- 
red and  feathered  the  tax  collectors,  and  compelled  them  to 
resign  their  offices  or  leave  the  country.  So  wide  spead  was 
the  opposition  to  the  enforcement  of  the  law,  and  so  inflamed 
the  state  of  the  public  mind,  that  it  was  found  necessary  to 
send  a  large  body  of  troops  out  to  the  insurrectionar}'  dis- 
tricts to  bring  the  people  to  reason  and  obedience. 

The  opposition  to  the  enforcement  of  the  excise  laws  was 
not  confined  exclusively  to  the  people  of  the  western  counties 
of  the  State.  There  were  many  persons  east  of  the  mountains 
w^ho  were  very  hostile  to  the  excise  laws,  and  who  sympa- 
thized with  the  alleged  grievances  of  their  western  friends 


72  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

and  kinsmen.  General  James  Chambers,  in  a  letter  from  Lou- 
don Forge,  to  A.  J.  Dallas,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the  Common- 
wealtli,  under  date  of  September  22d,  1794,  says:  "On  the 
16th  inst.  I  arrived  in  Chambersburg,  and  to  nij^  great  aston- 
ishment I  found  the  Rabble  had  raised  what  the}'  Caled  a  Li- 
berty pole.  Some  of  the  most  active  of  the  inhabitants  Avas 
at  the  time  absent,  and  upon  the  whole,  perhaps,  it  was  best, 
as  matters  has  Since  taken  a  violent  change.  When  I  came 
hear  I  found  the  magistrates  had  opposed  the  sitting  of  the 
pole  up,  to  the  utmost  of  their  power,  but  was  not  Supported 
by  the  majority  of  the  Cittyzens.  They  wished  to  have  the 
Royators  Subject  to  Law,  and  (Mr.  Justice  John  Riddle,  John 
Scott  and  Christian  Oyster)  the  magistrates  of  this  place  in- 
formed me  of  their  zealous  wish  to  haA'e  them  brought  to  Jus- 
tice. I  advised  them  to  Call  a  meeting  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  town  on  the  next  morning,  and  we  would  have  the  matter 
opened  to  them,  and  Show  the  necessity  of  Soporting  Govern- 
ment, Contrassed  with  the  destruction  of  one  of  the  best  gov- 
ernments in  the  world." 

The  meeting  was  held  in  the  "  Coorthous  " — Mr.  John  Rid- 
dle delivered  "  a  very  animating  address  "  to  the  people — Re- 
solves were  passed  and  drawn  up  for  the  people  to  sign,  pledg- 
ing them  to  support  the  Justices  in  their  efforts  "  to  bring  the 
Royators  to  tryal,"  and  General  Chambers  continues :  "  I  am 
now  happy  to  have  in  my  power  to  request  you,  Sir,  to  inform 
his  Excellenc}^,  the  Govenour,  that  these  exertions  has  worked 
the  desired  Change.  The  magistrates  has  sent  for  the  men, 
the  very  Same  that  Errected  the  pole,  and  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  Seeing  them,  on  Saturday'  Evening,  Ciit  it  down  ;  and  with 
the  Same  waggon  that  brought  it  into  town,  they  were  oblidgeed 
to  draw  the  remains  of  it  out  of  town  again.  The  Circum- 
stance was  mortifying,  and  they  behaived  ver^^  well.  They 
seem  very  penetant,  and  no  person  offered  them  any  insult.  It 
has  worked  such  a  change.  I  believe  we  will  be  able  Shortly 
to  Send  our  Quota  to  Carlisle." 

.  Liberty  poles  were  also  erected  at  Carlisle  and  other  places, 
and  the  people  everywhere  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State 
were  very  reluctant  to  turn  out  at  the  call  of  President  Wash- 
ington against  the  "whisky  boys,"  whose  grievances  they  be- 
lieved, for  the  most  part,  to  be  well  founded.  Secretary  Dal- 
las, in  his  report  to  the  Senate,  under  date  of  September  '0th, 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  73 

1794,  said:  "According  to  the  informational  have  received 
from  several  parts  of  the  countiy,  it  appears  that  the  militia 
are  unwilling  to  march  to  quell  the  insurrection.  The}^  say 
that  they  are  ready  to  march  against  a  foreign  enemy,  but  not 
against  the  citizens  of  their  own  State." 

The  troops  called  into  the  field  under  the  requisition  of 
President  Washington,  dated  the  Ttli  of  August,  1794.  num- 
bered 12,950,  and  were  from  Virginia,  Maryland,  New  Jerse}^ 
and  Pennsylvania.  Those  from  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania 
assembled  at  Carlisle.  Governor  Thomas  Mifflin,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Governor  Richard  Howell,  of  New  Jersey,  had 
command  of  the  quotas  of  their  respective  States — met  them 
there,  and  in  company  with  President  Washington  reviewed 
them.  The  Pennsylvania  troops  were  in  one  Division  of  5,196 
men,  under  the  command  of  Major  General  William  Irvine. 
It  was  composed  of  three  Brigades,  the  first  commanded  by 
Brigadier  General  Thomas  Proctor,  the  second  by  Brigadier 
General  Francis  Murray,  and  the  third  by  Brigadier  General 
James  Chambers,  of  our  county.  General  Chambers'  Brigade 
was  composed  of  1,7G2  men,  568  of  whom  were  from  Lancas- 
ter count}^,  550  from  York  count}',  363  from  Cumberland 
county,  and  281  from  Franklin  county.  These  troops  passed 
through  our  county  by  way  of  Strasburg,  from  whence  they 
crossed  the  mountains  to  Fort  Lyttleton  on  their  march  to- 
Pittsburg,  which  place  they  reached  in  the  month  of  November 
following.  Happily  the  supremacy  of  the  law,  and  the  en- 
forcement of  order,  were  secured  by  this  display  of  power  on 
part  of  the  General  Government,  without  firing  a  gun,  and 
without  any  of  the  sufferings  or  losses  incident  to  a  state  of 
actual  war.  On  Tuesday,  the  15th  of  November,  1794,  the 
Pennsylvania  troops  left  Pittsburg  on  their  return  home. 
They  marched  by  way  of  Greensburg,  Ligonier,  Bedford, 
Sideling  Hill,  Fort  Lyttleton,  Strasburg  and  Shippensburg,  to- 
Carlisle,  where  they  were  disbanded. 

POPULATION. 

An  accurate  enumeration  recently  made  shows  that  accord- 
ing to  the  assessment  lists  for  the  year  1786,  the  taxables  of 
our  county  numbered  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  ninety- 
one,  divided  among  the  several  townships  as  follows,  viz.: 


74  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRAXKLiy    COUNTY. 


Free- 

Non-Free- 

Free- 

holders. 

holders. 

men. 

Total 

^Viitriin, 

1!)5 

83 

53 

331 

Franklin, 

•I!) 

8 

54 

101 

Fannett, 

Hi) 

55 

34 

208 

G  nil  ford, 

-     102 

38 

30 

170 

Hamilton,    - 

145 

53 

3') 

237 

Letterkenn}',    - 

-     151) 

47 

39 

245 

Liirgan, 

57 

24 

21 

102 

Montgomer}',  - 

-     18(5 

55 

29 

220 

Peters, 

108 

72 

37 

217 

Sonthampton, 

80 

27 

27 

140 

AVashington, 

151 

00 

49 

200 

Totals,     -        1,357  522  412        2,291 

TaxaLles  and  freemen  in  Franklin  connt}?-  in  the  year  HSG,"^ 
two  years  after  the  formation  of  the  county : 

In  Antrim  township,  with  its  present  Ijoundarics,  including 
the  town  of  Greencastle  : 

John^Allison,  William  Allison,  William  Adams,  John  Al- 
lan, Samuel  Archer,  Dr.  Robert  Amln-use,  Conrad  Burner, 
Widow  Bee,  Hugh  Barklc}',  James  Borland,  James  Brother- 
ton,  Wm.  Berryhill,  Wm.  Burk,  Jacob  Brumbaugh,  George  ) 
Brown,  Jacob  Bair,  Wm.  Beaty,  Fred'k  B3-ars,  Sr.,  Fred'k 
Byars,  Jr.,  Conrad  Bush,Vames  Brown,  George  Bartlebaugh, 
John  Beatty,  Henr3-  Beast,  Christ.  Brandibarger,  Jacob  Brunk, 
Joseph  Crunkelton,  Hugh  Curathers,  John  Crunkelton,  Robt. 
Crunkelton,  Sr.,  Robert  Crunkelton,  Jr.,  Sam'l  Crunkelton, 
Wm.  Cross,  James  Cross,  George  Clark,  Thos.  Clugston,  Ga- 
briel Carijenter,  Joseph  Cook,  Peter  Coon,  Christopher  Crea- 
mer, James  Crawford,  Charles  Cox,  Robert  Cooper,  Michael 
Carey,  Wm.  Callahan,  Leonard  Crowbarger,  Robert  Clugston, 
John  Downc}^,  AVni.  Downey,  Sam'l  Downey,  Alex.  Drybrough, 
Robt.  Davison,  Elias  Davison,  Dr.  John  Davison,  John  Davi- 
son, Joseph  Davis,  John  Davis,  (tailor,)  Sam'l  Duglas,  James 
Dixon,  Thos.  Duglas,  Wm.  Downey,  Abm.  Derush,  John  Du- 
singberry,  Adam  Dickey,  George  Eldrich,  Peter  Elie,  Cutlip 
Evert,  Wm.  Evert,  John  Erwin,  George  Eaker,  Wm.  Eaker, 
Abm.  Elie,  Humphrey  Fullerton,  Fred'k  Fisher,  Conrad  Fish- 
er, Nich.  Frye,  Jas.  Fleck,  John  Foy,^nenry  Gordon,' George 
Gordon,  Alex.  Gordon,  Hugh  Gaff,  Abm.  Gabriel,  Richard  Ga- 
briel, John  Gay,  Jolm  Gibson,  John  Gibson,  (creek,)  John 
Grindle,  Jacob  Gallady,  Abm.  Gansinger,  John  Greer,  (ma- 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  iO 

son,)  Robt.  Gibson,  Dan'l  Ilnolies,  Jrveol)  Harslibergcr,  Widow 
Hanna,  >Yidow  Hart,  Abm.  Hull,  (l)lack.smitli.)  John  Heaflcy, 
(merchant,)  Francis  Hiln-ick,  Saml  Hntcliison.  Wm.  Hender- 
son, (merchant,)  John  Haugh,  (tailor.)  Thos.  Hutson,  Henrjr 
Hoover.  Nich.  Hewit,  David  Howell,  (tol)acconist,)  Henderson 
k  Wilkin,  Jas.  Johnston,  John  Johnston,  Thos.  Johnston, 
Esq.,  Dr.  Robt.  Johnston,  Wm.  Johnston,  Robert  Johnston, 
And'w  Jack,  Crissly  King,  John  Keer,  (weaver,)  John  Kirk, 
John  Kennedy,  Fred'k  Kycher,  Wm.  Kiers,  Rev'd  James  Lang, 
Rev'd  Matthew  Linn,  John  Lawrence,  (merchant  and  inn 
keeper,)  Ricli'd  Laurence,  (gunsmith.)  Robt.  Linn,  (tailor.) 
James  Long,  David  Long,  Mich'l  Lowman,  Jacob  Lowman, 
George  Lowman,  David  Larimore,  Joseph  Lowrey,  Evans 
Lewis,  John  Lowman,  Jacob  Leisure,  Dan'l  Lane,  Dan'l  Lin- 
baugh,  (tailor.)  AVm.  M'Kee,  Robert  M'Culloch,  (merchant.) 
Sam'l  M'Culloch,  Jacob  Millar,  James  Moor,  John  Millar, 
Dan'l  Millar,  Henry  Millar,  Jas.  M' Bride,  John  M'Laiighlin, 
Dan'l  Mowan,  Ludwiek  Mowan,  Patrick  M'Entyre,  Mary  Mi- 
chal,  (wid.,)  James  M'Lene,  Dan'l  M'Lene,  Rich'd  M'Lene, 
Hugh  M'Kee,  Jas.  M'Roberts,  Jas,  M'Cormick,  John  M'Cor- 
mick,  Jas.  M'Clenahan,  Widow  M'Clenahan,  Wm.  M'Clellan, 
Robt.  M'Clellan,  Jas.  M'Kelley,  Alex.  M'Cleary,  Sam'l  Moor, 
John  Marshal,  Pat.  Maxwell,  Jas.  M'Entyre,  Stephen  MoAvan, 
Baltsher  Mowan,  Morris  M'Graw,  Leigh  Masters,  Henry  Mor- 
row, (cooper,)  Dan'l  M'Can,  Jas.  M'Clain,  Henry  Millar,  Hance 
Miller,  Jr.,  John  Mares,  Lazarus  M'Lean,  John  Xj-e,  Sr.,  John 
Xye,  Jr.,  Wm.  Neal,  Wm.  Nesbit,  Cutlip  Xuts,  (hatter,)  Thos. 
Prather,  (innkeeper,)  Abm.  Prather,  (blacksmith,)  Christ,  Pi- 
per, John  Porter,  Joseph  Paton,  Robt.  Paton,  Henry  Pawling, 
Jas.  Poe,  John  Packman,  (cooper,)  Felty  Pachel,  (hatter,)  Ja- 
cob Packsler,  John  Piper,  Felt}^  Preman,  Peter  Poorman, 
(blacksmith,)  John  Paton,  (miller,)  Andrew  Robison,  James 
Roberts,  James  Rea,  John  Rinch,  Wm.  Rankin,  Jalnes  Rod- 
dy, And'w  Reed,  John  Rule,  Mat.  Ryburn,  Peter  Remer, 
(shoemaker,)  John  Rodeman,  (shoemaker.)  John  Rodgers, 
George  Rumble,  (blacksmith,)  Wm.  Reany,  Wm.  Rankin, 
Eml.  Stotlar,  Aln-aham  Smith,  John  Scott,  Wm.  Scott,  John 
Stoonkine,  Jacob  Stotler,  John  Stotler,  Sam'l  Smith,  David 
Snider,  (sadler,)  Dr.  Hemy  Snivel}',  Jacob  Sayler,  Patrick 
Sangerson,  And'w  Snivel}',  Jos.  Snively,  Sam'l  Stotler,  (mil- 
ler,) Henry  Sights,  Crisley  Snively,  Henry  Snively,  Dr.  Geo. 


76  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Stover,  Gasper  Stotler,  Wm.  Stover,  Jr.,  Jacob  Stover,  Em'I 
Stover,  Fred'k  Summers,  Henry  Snively,  Nich.  Stuff,  Henry 
Stall,  Sr.,  Peter  Shenlioltz,  Widow  Stitt,  Henry  Seerist,  Philip 
Stiftey,  Geo.  Sharer,  (blacksmith,)  Ludwick  Small,  (shoema- 
ker,) Wm.  Stever,  Sr.,  Wm.  Scott,  Moses  Thomson,  Robert 
Thomson,  Ricli'd  Taylor,  And'w  Thomson,  Thos.  Tecy,  (coop- 
er,) John  Thomson,  John  Weerham,  Peter  Wolf,  George  Wal- 
lace, Christ.  Weidner,  Jacob  Weidner,  John  AV^oods,  Peter 
Whitmore,  James  Watson,  (tanner,)  Rich'd  Wright,  Wm. 
Woodman,  Christopher  Wise,  Jas.  Witherspoon,  (joiner,)  Jas. 
White,  (weaver,)  Adam  Wilson,  Jacob  Weaver,  Fred'k  Wy- 
ble,  Peter  White,  Jacob  Winterbergcr,  Jas.  White,  Alex. 
Young,  (tailor,)  John  Youst,  (wagon maker,)  Jacob  Zacharias, 
(sadler.) 

Freemen — Wm.  Allison,  Wm.  Cook,  Jeremiah  Callahan, 
Jos.  Crunkleton,  (of  Jno.,)  Jos.  Crunkleton,  Jacob  Crone, 
Wm.  Downey,  Sam'l  Downey,  John  Ervin,  James  Gibson, 
Jacob  Gallady,  Joseph  Grubb,  (merchant,)  Ab'm  Gansinger, 
Sol.  Hoover,  Peter  Hull,  (shoemaker,)  Jas,  Johnson,  Felty 
Killar,  Dan'l  Keek,  (shoemaker,)  James  M'Clenahan,  Robert 
M'Clellan,  Wm.  M'Clellan,  Sam'l  Moor,  Dan'l  M'Clene,  Thos. 
M'Lene,  Jno.  M'Closkey,  William  Mintooth,  John  M'Cleary,- 
Jas.  M'Lenahan,  Hugh  M'Intyre,  Thos.  M'Clain,  George  N3'e, 
Henry  Pawling,  Rob't  Pattern,  Abraham  Prather,  (black- 
smith,) John  Rush,  (weaver,)  James  Robinson,  Dr.  Adam 
Rankin,  Jas  Richey,  (saddler,)  Thomas  Richey,  (joiner,)  Wm. 
Rule,  Abraham  Smith,  Em'I  Stotter,  Sam'l  Stotter,  Stophel 
Sites,  Sam'l  Smith,  Sam'l  Stover,  (tanner,)  Henry  Siecrist, 
Henry  Strimb,  Conrad  Speer,  Fred'k  Summers,  Robert  Wil- 
kens,  (merchant,)  Cutlip  Wisar,  Andrew  AVhite — 331. 

In  FrankHn  township,  which  included  the  town  of  Cham- 
bersburg,  east  of  tlie  Conococheaguc  creek,  and  some  ten  or 
more  tracts  of  land  adjoining  it : 

Joseph  Allison,  George  Albert,  John  Alexander,  Owen  As- 
ton, Walter  Beaty,  Fred'k  Bainor,  Moses  Barnet,  John  Bax- 
ter, John  Brown,  (merchant,)  John  Boggs,  Rob't  Bo^'d,  John 
Burns  Black,  John  Crouse,  Wm.  Davis,  Moses  Blackburn, 
Hugh  Bigham,  John  Clark,  Philip  Crist,  John  Colhoon,  (mer- 
chant,) Patrick  Camjjbell,  (merchant,)  Edward  Crawford,  Esq., 
Ruhamah  Colhoon,  George  Chambers,  Wms.  Chambers,  Benj. 
Chambers,  Joseph  Chambers,  Wm.  Camion,  Wm.  Cowen,  John 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FIIANKLIX    COUN'TY.  77 

Caldwell,  Ludwick  Crauft,  Dr.  George  Clingan,  James  Cham- 
bers, Alex,  Duncan,  George  Dewalt,  John  Dixon,  Peter  Eabj,.. 
Kev'd  Christopher  Favour,  Edward  Fitzgarald,  Thomas  Fer- 
gison,  Hugh  Gibbs,  George  Grisinger,  Samuel  Galbreath, 
Henry  Greenwalt,  John  Jack,  Christian  Kingrey,  Philip 
Knopp,  John  Kirthpatrick,  John  Kerr,  Henry  Loutzahiser, 
Michael  Lightner,  Henry  Molwich,  Archibald  M'Afee,  Daniel 
M'Clintock,  John  Martin,  John  M'Conkey,  Wm.  Morrow,  Mi- 
chael M'Nulty,  Sam'l  M'Cleland,  Thos.  Murry,  Daniel  M'Gre- 
gor,  Thos.  M'Clelon,  Thos.  M'Keen,  John  Noel,  Christian  Oys- 
ter, Sam'l  Purvines,  (merchant,)  John  Plumer,  Wm.  Richi- 
son,  John  Ra3"nolds,  Esq.,  John  Reed,  Stephen  Rigler,  Arch'd 
Reed,  Hugh  Reed,  Wm.  Stinson,  Robt.  Shields,  Michael  Siss- 
ler,  George  Shellitoe,  David  Shots,  Daniel  Smith,  Sam'l  Snod- 
gress,  Jacob  Sigler,  Moses  Swan,  Matthias  Sitler,  Wm.  Shan- 
non, Thos.  Shannon,  Wm.  Smith,  Nich.  Snider,  Benj.  Swain, 
John  Scott,  John  Shitts,  Zacharia  Sugars,  Jacob  Shotts,  Peter 
Shields,  George  Siglar,  Dr.  Abraham  Senseny,  Alex.  Stuart, 
James  Stuart,  Elizabeth  Thompson,  Michael  Trout,  Wm, 
Thorn,  Jeremiah  Tolbert,  (Talbott,)  Conrad  Waggoner,  Christ- 
ian Wimer,  Wm.  AVallace,  John  Watts,  James  Welch,  George 
Wills,  Conrad  Washingborger. 

Freemen — Fred'k  Bettinger,  Fred'k  Benhart,  Patrick  Camp- 
ble,  Sam'l  Colhoon,  \Thos.  Clark/ James  Corrance,  Michael 
Carver,  James  Colgan,  Edward  Cramer,  John  Devabough, 
Andrew  Dunlap,  Esq.,  John  Flatcher,  Rich'd  Henderson,  John 
Hamel,  Wm.  Hailey,  George  Hood,  Henry  Houfman,  Wm, 
Johnston,  John  Johnston,  Wm.  Kenneday,  Benjamin  Kurtz, 
James  Lindsay,  John  M'Intyre,  Hugh  M'Clelon,  James  M'- 
Clelon, Joseph  M'Clelon,  Jacob  M'Conke}',  Peter  Millar,  Jas. 
Morrow,  Matthew  M'Cowan,  Martin  Moody,  Peter  Miller, 
Fred'k  Pleacher,  Jas.  Peoples,  Wm.  Richardson,  Stephen  Rig- 
ler, James  Riddle,  PJsq.,  Fred'k  Reed,  James  Smith,  Daniel 
Smith,  Wm,  Smith,  Dr.  Alex.  Stuart,  Dr.  Sam'l  Smith,  Rob- 
ert Snodgress,  Thos,  Stevenson,  Jacob  Santmire,  Jacob  Stil- 
linger,  Filson  Sadler,  John  Steel,  Ross  Thompson,  Esq.,  Sam'l 
Thompson,  George  Trout,  Wm.  Tennant,  Philip  Trout — 161. 

In  Fannet  township,  which  then  included  the  pi-esent  town- 
ships of  Fannet  and  Metal : 

Joshua  Anderson,  Robt,  Anderson,  Randle  Alexander,  James 
Ardre}',  Dan'l  Armstrong,  Thos.  Armstrong,  Robert  Alexan- 


78  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  . 

tier,  Xoali  Abraham.  Joseph  Adams,  James  Alexander,  Rob- 
ert Armstrong,  Patrick  Alexander,  Thos.  Blair,  Nath'l  Bry- 
ans,  James  Brj^ans,  George  Buckliannon,  Allen  Brown,  Widow  | 
Baxter,  John  Bell,  Thos.  Barr,  Sam'l  Baker,  Wm.  Chambers 
&  Bros.,  Sam'l  Coulter,  John  Cami)bell,  John  Campbell,  (crop- 
per,) Wm.  Campbell,  David  Canipble,  John  M.  Campble, 
And'w  Campble,  George  Climer,  Wm.  Carley,  Jacob  Cham- 
bers,   Callender,  Patrick  Davisoiif^  Daniel  Duncan,  Bar- 
nabas Doyle,  George  Delong,  Felix  Do^yle,  Andrew  Duglas, 
George  Dixon,  Edw'd  Dougherty,  John  Elliott,  (heirs,)  John 
Elder,  Jr.,  Robert  Elder,  David  Elder,  Sr.,  Robert  Elder,  Da- 
vid Elder,  Jr.,  Wm.  Elder,  James  Elder,  Sam'l  Elder,  Wm. 
Elliott,  Robert  Elliott,  Prances  Elliott,  Arch'd  Elliott,  James 
Ervine,  George  Ealey,  James  Pingerly,  James  Fairman,  Alex. 
Fulton,  James  Fegan,  Sam'l  French,  Wm.  Gwyn,  Isaac  Gilford, 
James  Gibson,  John  Gray,  Samuel  Gamble,  Wm.  Gibbs,  John 
Holiday,  Matthew  Henderson,  Henry  Humbre}',  Henderson 
Hervey,  Andrew  Hemphill,  Thos.  Hamilton,  James  Hervey, 
(weaver,)  James  Howe,  Henry  Hawkenberry,  Jr.,  James  Haw- 
kenberry,  Philip  Hutchison,  Peter  Hawkenberry,  W"m.  Hun- 
ter, Alex.  Hopper,  James  Harvey,  John  Harmony,  Henry  Haw- 
kenberry, Sr.,  Henry  Hagan,  Gasper  Hawkenberry,  James 
Hunter,  James  Johnston,  Thos.  Johnston,  Sam'l  Ireland,  John 
Jones,  John  Kenedy,  Wm.  Kelly,  Edward  Kell}'^,  John  Kea- 
sey,  Joseph  Kilgore,  Robt.  Kerr,  Wm.  Lauther,  Jr.,  James 
Lauther,  Robert  Little,  David  Long,  Sam'l  Lattimore,  Patrick 
M'Cormick,  Joseph  Moore,  James  Moore,  Jr.,  Robt.  M'Gwire, 
Wm.  M'Intyre.  Rich'd  Morrow,  Sam'l  Mairs,  Wm.  Moore, 
And'w  Millar,  Robt.  M'Cormick,  John  M'Clure,  Dan'l  M'Mul- 
lan,  Wm.  M'Cibbens,  Enos  M'Mullan,  James  Moore,  Sr.,  Na- 
thaniel M'Call,  Sam'l  M'Call,  Robt.  M'Connell,  John  Mackey, 
Widow  Mackey,  John  M'Clellan,  John  M'Clellon,  James  M'- 
Clatchey,  James  M'Connaughey,  David  M'Connaughey,  Rob- 
ert M'Clatchey,  John  M'Crea,  Cromwell  M'Cavity,  Wm.  M'- 
Cain,  Patrick  M'Gee,Randle  M'Donnald,  Hugh  M'Curday,  Wm. 
M'Clellon,  Sr.,  Wm.  M'Clellon,  Jr.,  John  Mullan.  John  M'- 
Clane,  John  Noble,  Sr.,  John  Noble,  Jr.,  Joseph  Noble,  Charles 
Newcom,  David  Neal,  James  Nealy,  John  Nilson,  Richard 
Neagle,  Nathaniel  Paul,  John  Pacho,  Alex.  Potts.  Adam  Pi- 
per, Charles  Querr}^,  James  Rea,  Lodwick  Ripple,  Dennis  Red- 
din,  Joseph    Shearer,  Barnet    Shutler,  Elijah  Sackett,   Thos. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  79 

Shields,  Robert  Sample,  Joseph  Sackett,  John  Steel,  ]5enj. 
Say,  Wm.  Taj'lor,  John  Simmons,  Thos.  Simmons,  Henry  Yar- 
ner,  David  Wakefield,  Benj.  Walker,  Wm.  Witherow,  Sani'l 
Walker,  James  Walker,  John  Ward,  William  Warnoek,  James 
Widne}'.  / 

Freemen — James  Alexander,  John  Bnekhannon,  George 
Chambers,  Sam'l  Campble,  John  Duglas,  John  Davison,  Wm. 
Darlington,  Adam  Ernholt,  John  Elder,  Gal)riel  Glenn,  Wm. 
Gallaher,  Jas.  Ilervey,  Jr.,  Wm.  Hambleton,  Wm.  Ireland, 
Jeremiah  Kilgore,  Robert  Little,  xilex.  Long,  John  M'Con- 
nanghey,  John  Mnllan,  James  Mairs,  Hugh  M'Clure,  James 
M'Curda}-,  James  Moore,  James  O'Nail,  Wm.  Paul,  John 
Potts,  Alex.  Potts,  James  Randies,  Hugh  Steel,  Adam  Scott^ 
John  Witherow,  James  Wallace,  William  Ward,  Joseph  Wea- 
ver—208. 

In  Guilford  township,  having  then  about  the  same  bound- 
aries as  at  present : 

David  Adams,  Capt.  John  Andrew,  John  Andrew,  Sr.,  Wm.. 
Adams,  John  Acheson,  Owen  Aston,  David  Archibald,  Peter 
J>ondbriek,  Henrj^  Bondbrick,  Matthias  Brothers, Wm.  Brother- 
ton,  John  Black,  Daniel  Bonbrick,  George  Bittinger,  Robert 
Bigham,  Daniel  Bonbrick,  Jr.,  Fred'k  Bonbrick,  Nicholas  Bit- 
tinger, Walter  Beatty,  John  Beard,  Jacob  Cover,  (spring.) 
Jacob  Cook,  John  Clugston,  Andrew  Cover,  Ezekiel  Chambers, 
Martin  Cook,  Adam  Cook,  Joseph  Coughener,  James  Cow- 
ningham,  Jacob  Cover,  Edward  Crawford,  Jr.,  Edward  Craw- 
ford, Sr.,  John  Crawford,  John  Calwell,  Alex.  Culbertson^ 
Henry  Co^de,  George  Cook,  Sr.,  George  Cook,  Jr..  John  Croft, 
Arch'd  Cashey,  Jacob  Coffer,  Sam'l  Drummon,  Nicholas  Ear- 
hart,  Robert  English,  Peter  Frey,  Rob't  Filson,  John  Fleck, 
Felty  Gooshead,  PhilipGooshead,  Matthias  Gift,  Adam  Gift, 
George  Gift,  Wm,  Gass,  Hugh  Gil)bs,  Bartholemy  Haddon, 
John  Harmony,  Lodwick  Harmony,  Solomon  Horner,  John 
Harron,  Jacob  Hicks,  George  Helman,Dan'l  Handman,  George 
Hartsough,  Matthew  Hopkins,  Albright  Hickman,  Adam  Har- 
mony, Wm.  Johnston,  John  Jack,  George  Kerriher,  John 
Kerriher,  Wm.  Kirby,  David  Keller,  And'w  Kiser,  Jacob  Kel- 
ler, Ab'm  Kovel,  John  Lindsay,  James  Lindsay,  Fulton  Lind- 
ay,  George  Lamb,  Wm.  Long,  William  Long,  (spring,)  Wm. 
Long,  (road,)  Mary  Lindsay,  Alex.  M'Keever,  John  M'MuUan, 
Henry  M'Clelon,  David   Martin,  Jas.   M'Farlin,  Jas.  M'Wil- 


80  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

liaiBS,  J.  M'Canne)',  Mary  M'Cormick,  John  Miller,  James  M'- 
Caskey,  Wm.  Nicholas,  John  Polk,  James  Patton,  Daniel 
Poorman,  Widow  Packard,  Henry  Ralphsnj^der,  John  Ranfew, 
Wm.  Ross,  John  Rannels,  Esq.,  John  Ralphsnyder,  Michael 
Ralphsnyder,  Thos.  Sherlow,  Nich.  Snyder,  Samuel  Snodgress, 
Jacob  Snyder,  '  Gasper  Slear,  Henry  Shitts,  Peter  Snyder, 
Philip  Stumps,  Adam  Stumps,  George  Smith,  Daniel  Smith, 
Anthony  Snyder,  John  Sheets,  Fred'k  Smith,  Wm.  Snodgress, 
Conrad  Snyder,  Matthew  Sharp,  John  Thorn,  Henry  Thrall- 
man,  John  Thompson,  Jacob  Tritle,  Wm.  Vinlear,  Elizabeth 
Vance,  Wm.  Wallace,  Martin  Wingert,  Rob't  Willson,  John 
Wingart,  Pierce  AA^allacher,  Jeremiah  Warder,  Samuel  W. 
Walles,  Michael  Whitmore,  Wm.  Walles,  Matthew  Wilson, 
Martin  Wingart,  Conrad  Wolfkill,  James  Young. 

Freemen — James  Andrew,  John  Andrew,  Allen  Baxter,  Len- 
nard  Burkhamer,  Joseph  Crawford,  James  Druman,  Robert 
Duncan,  Jacob  Hicks,  Peter  Harmoney,  Alex.  Jeffrej^s,  John 
King,  George  Lamb,  George  Martin,  James  M'Cimm,  Alex. 
M'Kinney,  Adam  Martin,  Sam'l  Ross,  Peter  Snyder,  (smith,) 
Peter  Smith,  Henry  Snyder,  John  Stumps,  Isaac  Smith,  Peter 
Snyder,  Henry  Sheffer,  Jacob  Sheets,  James  Snodgrass,  John 
Smith,  Wmm^inleafpacob  Wolfkill,  John  Wingert— 170. 

In  Hamilton  township,  which  then  included  the  present 
township  of  Hamilton,  that  part  of  Chambersburg  tvest  of 
the  Conoccoheague  Creek,  and  that  part  of  St.  Thomas  town- 
ship east  of  Campbell's  run  : 

Josiah  Allen,  Thos.  Anderson,  Wm.  Archabald,  Thos.  Arm- 
strong, Joseph  Armstrong,  Robert  Anderson,  Lodwick  Beats, 
Wm.  Brotherton,  Jas.  Brotherton,  Oliver  Brown,  Orban  Bates, 
Wm.  Bolton,  John  Brown,  John  Buzzard,  John  Bratton, 
Thomas  Barnet,  (heirs,)  Wm.  Barnet,  David  Barnet,  Joseph 
Barnet,  James  Brown,  Thos.  Barren,  John  Breaker,  Chas.  Barr, 
Rich'd  Benson,  Benj.  Chambers,  Wms.  Chambers,  Jos.  Cham- 
bers, Arch'd  Carson,  John  Chesnut,  Benj.  Corathers,  James 
Campble,  Patrick  Campble,  Robert  Cowan,  Thos.  Copeland, 
John  Crevin,  George  Carver,  John  Custard,  Martin  Criter, 
Robert  Cook,  Joseph  Caskey,  John  Campble,  James  Chambers, 
Robert  Dixon,  Wm.  Dixon's  heirs,  Thomas  Dougherty,  John 
Dixon,  Wm.  Dixon,  John  Deeds,  John  Daniel,  John  Eaton,  Jr., 
John  Eaton,  (heirs,)  Joseph  Eaton,  Sr.,  Joseph  Eatton,  Dan'l 
Eckels,  Adam  Evert,  Francis  Ervin,  Wm.  Earry,  James  Elliott, 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  81 

(heirs,)  Win,  Fergisou,  John  Prush,  Henry  Foster,  James  Fer- 
gison,  Sam'l  Fergison,  Matthew  Fergison,  Jacob  Frush,  Dan'l 
Flemming,  Abraham  Fastpointer,  Robert  Gray,  Gilbert  Gra- 
ham, Francis  Gardner,  Joseph  Grahams,  Mark  Gregor}'^,  Felix 
Hart,  ISTathan   Hiland,   Jas.   Huston,   John   Hamilton,  John 
Hacket,  John   Hindmau,  James  Hindman,  Alex.   Hill,   Jas. 
Henr}^,  Adam  Hill,  Jacob  Holdiman,  Ebenezer  Henry,  Robert 
Hoops,  And'w  Holms,  John  Hochison,  Patrick  Jack,  Patrick 
Jack,  Sam'l  Jack,  John  Jack,  John  Jefery,  Wm.  Kelly,  Jas. 
Kerr,  Thos.  Knox,  Joseph  Kirkpatrick,  Wm.  Kinaird,  Thos. 
Kinkaid,  John  Kerr,  John  Kineaid,  Adam  Kasner,  Wm.  Kirby, 
Sam'l  Ligget,  Rob't  Leper,  Hugh  Leary,  Sr.,  Hugh  Leary,  Jr., 
Charles  Lucans,  John  M'Gowan,  Archb'd  M'Cacharan,  Jas. 
M'Farlin,  Wm.  Moorhead,  Joseph  Moorehead,  Thos.  Moore- 
head,  Sam'l  M'Cutchan,  Chas.  M'Cormick,  Alex.  M'Coy,  David 
M'Clintock,  Anthony   M'Nutt,   Christ.   Miller,  Alex.  Mairs, 
Wm.  M'Braj'er,  David  M'Brayer,  James  Moore,  Sam'l  Moor, 
And'w  Marshel,  Alex.  M'Connal,  Wm.  M'Connal,  John  M'Lean, 
Wm.  M'Cune,  Math.  M'Dowell,  John  W.  Moor,  Wm.  M'Clelon, 
Joseph  M'Murrey,  Joseph  M'Keymej^,  Geo.  Matthews,  John 
Meek,  Jas.  Morton,  Wm.  Morrow,  John  Moore,  Donuald  M'Lean, 
Wm.  M'Clure,  Jas. Mitchell,  Joseph  M'Clelon,  George  M'Elroy, 
Alex.  M'Cutchan,  John  M'Nutt,  Robert  Peoples,  Rob't  Patton, 
Sam'l    Patton,  Henry    Phillips,  Jas.   Patteson,  Jas.   Paxton, 
Richard    Peters,  Robert   Pilson,  Jas.  Piper,  And'w  Paxton, 
Wm.  Richardson,  Wm.  Rannels,  Benj^JRamse}",  Thos.  Ram- 
sey, Wm.  Ramsey  David  Russel,  James  Rnssel,  James  Rea, 
Francis    Robinson,   Thos.    Sherley,   William    Stuart,   David 
Shields,   Wm.    Swan,   Joseph    Swan,   Rob't   Sloan,   Leonard 
Stands,  Rob't  Sherley,  William  Stewart,  Edw'd  Shippey,  Rob't 
Scott,  Jas.  Thorn,  Wm.  Temple^on,  Joseph  Thorn,  Wm.  Thomp- 
son, George    Thompson,  Wm.  Thompson,  Sam'l    Thompson, 
John  Thompson,  John  Tayler,  Rob't  Thompson,  Thos.  Tennent, 
Jeremiah  Talbott,  Jas.  Warder,  Wm.  Withuej",  John  Willson, 
Elliott  Williamson,  Thos.  Willson,  John  Wilkison,  Wm.  With- 
erow,  Michael  Willans,  Andrew  Walker,  Conrad  Yearman. 

Freemen — Philip  Ashford,  David  Barnet,  Joseph  Barnet, 
Conrad  Beats,  Peter  Braker,  Henry  Buzzard,  Thomas  Chest- 
nut, Wm.  Coplan,  James  Dougherty,  John  Edwards,  James " 

Glen,  Wm.  Hustan,  Alex.  Hill,  Fergus  Hill, —  Grannan, 

6 


82  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Benj.  Jefferies,  John  Liget,  Wm.  Moorhead,  Dan'l  M'Clintocky 
Jas.  M'Kimm,  David  Moore,  Hugh  Murriartie,  John  Meek, 
David  M'Roberts,  Francis  M'Minnon,  Reese  M'Thompson, 
Henry  Omble,  John  Phillips,  Henry  Phillips,  Hector  Peoples, 
Andrew  Paxton,  John  Quinn,  John  Ptamsey,  Benj.  Ramse}', 
Josejjh  Russell,  Wm.  Seekets,  John  Thompson,  Robert  Yertue, 
John  Walkison — 237. 

In  Letterkenny  township,  which  then  embraced  the  present 
townships  of  Letterkenny  and  Greene : 

Alex.  Allison,  And'w  Allison,  Rob't  Allison,  Hugh  Allison^ 
Jas.  Allison,  Jas.  Anderson,  Adam  Break,  Christley  Brake, 
George  Basor,  Adam  Burkholder,  Peter  Basor,  Rob't  Brother- 
ton,  Wm.  Bell,  Sr.,  Wm.  Bell,  Jr.,  Peter  Barnhart,  Adam 
Burkholder,  Jr.,  Matthias  Booker,  Jacob  Barickstrasser,  John 
Barr,  Matthias  Brindlej^,  John  Beard,  Sr.,  John  Baker,  James 
Boj'd,  Andrew  Beard,  Wm.  Beard,  Jr.,  John  Beard,  Jr.,  Wm. 
Beard,  Jr.,  John  Blair,  John  S.  Beattj-,  Thos.  Boyd,  Hugh 
Caldwell,  (weaver,)  Michael  Crowberger,  Robert  Caldwell, 
James  Caldwell,  John  Caldwell,  Stephen  Caldwell,  John  Col- 
smith,  John  Cramer,  Alex.  Culbertson,  Adam  Castle,  Sam'L 
Culbertson,  Capt.  Joseph  Culbertson,  Robert  Culbertson, 
John  Craig,  Jas.  Caldwell,  Sr.,  Jas.  Cunningham,  Charles 
Cummins,  Jas.  Clark,  Joseph  Clark,  Robt.  Cochran,  Sam'l 
Cochran,  Widow  Cochran,  Sam'l  Culbertson,  Sr.,  Jas.  Culbert- 
son, Sam'l  Culbertson,  (creek,)  Rev.  John  Craighead,  John 
Culbertson,  John  Cessna,  Wm.  Cessna,  Josias  Crawford,  Wil- 
liam Crawford,  (heirs,)  Christy  Dice,  John  Dunlap,  Wm.  Davis, 
George  Eaby,  Jas.  Endslow,  George  Earh^,  Jas.  Elliott,  (heirs,) 
James  Findlej",  Esq.,  John  Findley,  John  Fergison,  Jas.  Gil- 
leland,  Jas.  Gibson,  Jeremiah  Galvin,  Henry  Gruver,  John 
Gant,  Wm.  Gibson,  Ruben  Gilaspy,  George  Grove,  John  Gra}', 
Abm.  Grove,  Abm.  Grove,  Jr.,  Christl}^  Grove,  George  Hand- 
spike, Philip  Homel,  John  Henderson,  Jas.  Henderson,  Peter 
Hoover,  John  Hoover,  Sam'l  Henry,  Ludwick  Houser,  Mike 
Havlin,  John  Imble,  Paul  Imble,  Thos.  Jackson,  Robt.  Jacky 
(heirs,)  Sam'l  Jordan,  David  Jordan,  John  Johnston,  Philip 
Keeser,  Michael  Kunole,  John  Kithcart,  James  Kelly,  Wm. 
Kithpatrick,  John  Laffery,  John  Lindsay,  John  Lunders, 
Sam'l  Lindsay,  Conrad  Loward,  Robert  Long,  Jas.  Lockard,. 
Jeremiah  Lougher}^,  Widow  Lutes,  Jas.  M'Connel,  Robert  Mc- 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  05 

Connel,  Jas.  Matthews,  James  M'Cammont,  Jas.  Moor,  (weaver,) 
John   Machan,  Jr.,  John  Machan,  Sr.,    Robt.   Mitchel,   Jas. 
Michel,  (Less.)  Robert  Machan,  John  Myers,  John  M'Cam- 
mont, Joseph  Mitchel,  Cutlip  Maugh,  Robert  M'Cammy,  John 
M'Cammy,  Alex.  M'Keen,  Nath.  Mitchal,  Jesse  Mitchel,  John 
Neaves,  Wm.  Nicholson,  Sam'l  Nantier,  Jacob  Neaves,  John 
Nilson,  Sr.,  John  Nillson,  Jr.,  Leonard  Fowinger,  Jas.  Patter- 
sou,  Capt.  Nicholas  Patterson,  Thos.  Porter,  Alex.  Robison,, 
Wm.  Robison,  John  Richey,  Henry  Rail,  Wm.  Rail,  Jas.  Reed, 
Darby  Runy,  Jacob  R3^ard,  George  Radibuch,  John  Robison, 
Wm.  Ra}',  Sam'l  Ra}',  Sr.,  Christley  Raisor,  Abm.  Reasor, 
Sam'l  Reed,  Jas.  Stuart,  George  Stinger,  Fredk  Stump,  Wm. 
Sharj),  Jr.,  Wm.  Sharp,  (heirs,)  Wintle  Schirck,  Henry  Shearery 
Charles  Stuart,  Fredk  Stake,  Moses  Scott,  Francis  Sanderson,. 
Joseph  Stevinson,  Adam  Smith,  Wm.  Sharp,  Sr.,  Joseph  Shirk,. 
Matthew  Shields,  Matthew  Sharp,  Robert    Shields,    Hannah 
Sharp,  George  Snearly,  Valentine  Spangler,  Jas.  Tom,  Albert 
Torrence,  Henry  Toops,  Andrew  Taylor,  Wm.  Torrance,  Hugh. 
Torrance,  Alex.  Thompson,  David  Trooph,  John  Ward,  Mary 
AV^ear}^,  (widow.)  Jas.  Willson,  Martin  Winger,  Wm.  Wadill, 
Conrad  Wolf,  Andw  Willson,  Postle  Weight,  Hugh  Wiley, 
(blacksmith.)  Capt.  Hugh  Wiley,  Thomas  Wallace,   Joseph. 
Whitmere,  Jas.  Walker,  William  Weir,  Oliver  Wallace,  Rev\L 
Sam'l  Wilson,  Jacob  Yos. 

Freemen. — Charles  Allison,  James  Allison,  Robert  Brother- 
ton,  John  Butcher,  John  Brown,  Adam  Burkholder,  Sam'l 
Culbertson,  Christian  Counts,  David  Cowan,  Joseph  Caldwell, 
Thos.  Clark,  John  Clark,  Hugh  Fergison,  John  Findley, 
Ga15riel  Gordon,  Sam'l  Henny,  Daniel  Lavery,  John  Lindsey, 
Thos.  Lindsay,  Balsar  Lower,  Joseph  Mitchel,  James  McCam- 
mont,  John  M'Camey,  Sam'l  Nicholson,  Thos.  Patterson,  Isaac 
Parker,  Thos.  Porter,  George  Pacer,  John  Reed,  Wm.  Reed, 
John  Rea,  Andrew  Russell,  Sam'l  Rea,  (tanner,)  Moses  Scott, 
(schoolmaster,)  Wm.  Shiphan,Wm.  Stinger,  Albert  Torrance, 
Thos.  Wear,  John  Ward— 245. 

In  Lurgan  township,  having  the  same  boundaries  as  at 
present : 

Benj,  Alsworth,  Peter  Alport,  Thos.  Barr,  Christopher 
Bower,  Jas  Cummins,  John  Campbell,  Wm.  Crossman,  John 
Crookshanks,  George  Cripaugh,  Michael  Cripaugh,  Andrew 


84  IIISTOniCAL    SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIX    COUNTY. 

Picke}',  Kobt.  Donovan,  James  Dunlap,  Esq.,  Philip  Foust, 
Francis  Grimes,  John  Grimes,  Wm.  Gaston,  David  Harron, 
Fredk  Iless,  Philip  Hollinger,  Henry  Humbrey,  Wm.  Hunter, 
ISlargaret   Hemphill,  John    Johnston,  Arch.  Johnston,  John 
Knox^  Henry  Millar,  Wm.  Linn,  Lodwick  Long,  Joseph  M'Kib- 
ben,  Arch.  Mahan,  Robert  Miller,  John  Maclay,  Esq    Charles 
Maclay,  Jr.,  James  M'Kee,  Alex.  M'Cammont,  Charles  Ma- 
chiy,  Ivobt.  Morrow,  Robt.  M'Kane,  Gawin  Morrow,  Sarah  M'- 
Cormick,  (widow,)  Isaac  Millar,  Lettice  M'Kibbens,  (widow,) 
Andrew     M'Ferran,    Wra.    M'Call,    Wm.    M'Knight,    John 
]M 'Knight,  Jr.,  Wm.  M'Combs,  Barnabas  M'Laughlin,  Andw. 
Murphy,  Thos.  M'Combs,  Charles  M'Granahan,  Henry  Mahan, 
.John  Maclay,  John  M'Call,  James  Patterson,  Thos.  Pumroy, 
James  Reid,  Peter  Ratts,  Joseph   Reed,  Giles  Reed,  John 
Strain,  Abel  Seyoc,  Harmon  Shoeman,  Thos,  Snodgress,  Barn- 
hart  Sower,  Anthony  Shoemaker,  Andrew  Suber,  John  Shoe- 
^iian,  Peter    Sheerer,  John  Seyoc,  George    Stevenson,   John 
Snider,  Wm.  Turner,  John  Thompson,  John  White,  Abraham 
Weir,  Sam'l  Woodrow,  George  Wright,  John  Watson,  George 
Winsel. 

Freemen. — Michael  Brady,  Wm.  Bradie}',  Dennis  Centery, 
John  Emer^^,  James  Gaston,  Robert  Huston,  Joseph  Kjde, 
George  Martin,  David  Maclay,  James  M'Rorey,  Joseph  M'Kane, 
Wm.  MagaAV,  Jacob  Porter,  Thos.  Reed,  Andrew  Ralston, 
John  Shoeman,  Philip  Shoeman,  Simon  Shoeman,  James 
Trimble,  Sam'l  Walker,  George  Weir — 102. 

In  Montgomery  township  which  had  the  same  boundaries 
jis  at  present : 

Oliver  Anderson,  Ann  Anderson,  George  Brown,  Sarah 
Drown,  David  Brown,  Jr.,  David  Brown,  Sr.,  Robert  Baird, 
Jonathan  Burgis,  Joseph  Bogal,  Abraham  Bulman,  Thomas 
Ci-Uars,  James  Crawford,  Sr.,  Matthew  Campble,  George  Clark, 
Matthias  Crow,  Henry  Cow,  Jacob  Cow,  John  Campbell, 
George  Crawford,  David  Collins,  John  Cunningham,  Andrew 
Clinesmith,  James  Crawford,  Jr.,  George  Cnst,  William  Dun- 
woody,  Capt.  Philip  Davis,  Wm.  Duffield,  (weaver,)  Philip 
Davis,  Wm.  Dufiield,  Sr,,  Wm.  Davidson,  Catharine  Davis, 
James  Davis,  Stephen  Doyle,  Andrew  DixorijJol}^  Davis, 
James  Davison,  Jam^s-DoUgllerty,  Samuel  Da,vis,  William  Duf- 
iield, Jr,,  Dfivis  Dea;  Thos,  Edmistou,  George.  Elliott',  Bc«j/ 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  »-> 

Eliot,  Johnston  Eliot,  Hugh  Foster,  Andrew  Flanigan,  Charles 
Foster,  Andrew  Fryherger.  Balsor  Gull,  John  Guin,  Jacob 
Gons,  John  Gillis,  Sam'l  Gilaspy,  Jacob  Good,  Robert  Gor- 
"Hon^Peter  Good,  Nath'l  Green,  David  Huston,  David  Ilum- 
phre}',  John  Hues,  Adam  Hardmau,  John  Hair,  James  Huston, 
Archibald  Irwin,  Kobt.  Johnston,  John  Kenned}-,  David  Ken- 
nedy, Peter  Horkey,  Thos.  Kenedy,  Sam'l  Kyle,  Robert  Kyle, 
James  Kjde,  Elisha  Lewis,  Adam  Long,  Courade  Long,  An- 
drew Long,  Jacob  Lear,  Robert  Lee,  Catharine  Long,  Wm. 
Lamond,  James  Lamond,  Alex.  Lamond,  John  Lough,  Wm. 
Lowry,  John  Lamond,  Andrew  Lewiston,  Thos.  Lucus,  Hugh 
Long,  John  Long,  James  Maxwell,  Esq.,  Wm.  M'Coy,  James 
M'Coy,  Francis  Mears,  Capt.  John  M'Clelland,  Alex.  Miller 
Joseph  Miller,  James  Miller,  Sam'l  M'Cune,  Traxler  Means 
Wm.  Morrison,  Rev.  Thos.  M'Pherrin,  Fergus  Moorhead 
Andrew  Mease,  Wm.  Meanoch,  John  M'Faul,  James  M'Farlin 
Edward  Mannon,  John  M'Carrol,  Wm.  Marshal,  Alex.  Martin 
Patrick  M'CoUaugh,  Andw.  Morrison,  Robt.  Martin,  Robt. 
M'Ke}^,  David  Meek,  Patrick  Maxwell,  James  Moore,  Robert 
M'Cavin,JamesMorrow,  Rebecca  M'CamrQish,  John  M'Donald, 
George  M'Cullough,  Sam'l  Martin,  Wm.  Martin,  Patrick  M'- 
iS^eal,  John  Martin,  James  M'Clain,  Wm.  M'Cune,  George  M'- 
Callan,  Wm.  Newell,  John  Orbison,  John  Parkhill,  JohnPoster- 
baugh,  George  Posterbaugh,  George  Prits,  Joseph  Price,  Henr^^ 
Plyly,  James  Ramsey,  Joseph  Rench,  John  Rench,  Fred'k. 
Reaver,  James  Ross,  Jacob  Rush,  James  Rankin,  Jr.,  James 
Rankin,  Sr.,  Wm.  Rankin,  Jeremiah  Rankin,  John  Rush,  James. 
Robertson,  Widow  Reed,  James  Roddy,  Cams  Starret,  John 
Shannon,  Sam'l  Scott,  Sam'l  Smith,  Paul  Shearer,  John  Shini- 
field,  John  Shearer,  Peter  Shearer,  Robert  Smith,  Wm.  Scott, 
John  Scott,  Henrj'  Stall,  Daniel  Stutsman,  John  Smith,  John 
Starret,  Capt.  William  Smith,  Joseph  Shannon,  James  Scott,, 
Henry  Snider,  John  Stull,  Widow  Shannon,  Rev.  Robert 
Smith,  James  Stewart,  Peter  Trough,  Peter  Trough,  Jr.,  John 
Tilling,  George  linger,  Conrad  Unger,  Joseph  Yanleer,  Jane 
White,  (widow.)  Matthew  White,  James  Wra}',  Alex.  Wilson, 
Peter  Whitesides,  Owens  Williams,  John  Work,  Daniel  Wray, 
John  Wra}',  Alex.  Wray. 

Freemen. — John  Brown,  Thos.  Clanej",  John  Collins,  John 
Davis,   John   Darley,  James   Davison,   Wm.    Davis,    George 


^ 


■86  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

3i^llot,  David  Ileiiclerson,  Wm.  Ilarwaj^,  Jas.  Innis,  Jas.  Irwin, 
Jas.  Kelly,  Beiij.  Longhead,  Wni.  M'Donald,  James  Mays, 
James  Maxwell,  Esq.,  llngli  M'Kilop,  .Matthew  Martin,  Walter 
Maxwell,  Peter  Prough,  Henry  Pantlier,  James  Pteed,  James 
^myley,  Sam'l  Smith,  Josei)h  Shannon,  John  Uliing,  Joseph 
Vinlear,  Robert  Wray— 2-20. 

In  Peters  township,  wiiich  then  embraced  tlie  present  town- 
;ship  of  Peters,  and  that  part  of  St.  Thomas  township  west  of 
Campbell's  run : 

Thomas  Adams,  Robt.  Anderson,  Andrew  Bigart,  Alex, 
Brown,  Sam'l  Bigart,  John  Bigart,  Peter  Barncord,  Jacob  ]3arn- 
cord.  Rev.  John  Black,  Rich'd  Brownson,  John  Bran,  Abner 
Barnet,  James  Bigard,  Richard  Beard,  Michael  Clapsaddle, 
Benj.  Chestnut,  John  Cocharon,  Patrick  Cavet,  Gabriel  Car- 
penter, James  Carril,  Hugh  Cunningham,  Thos.  Creven, 
-John  Cummins,  Robei't  Campbel,  Andrew  Gampble,  James 
Chambers,  Alex.  Clendennin,  Henry  Chrisman,  John  Cun- 
ningham, Margret  Cosner,  Adam  Cosner,  James  Campble, 
Wm.  Campble,  Thos.  Campble,  Patrick  Campble,  Patrick 
Campble,  Jr.,  Thos.  Dodson,  Jas.  Dunwoody,  Jacob  Dunkle, 
James  Dunlap,  Joseph  Dunlap,  James  Diven,  Wm.  Dickey, 
Harmon  Dyerman,  Peter  Dider,  John  Dickey,  James  Dickey, 
James  Dieke}',  Sr.,  Wm.  Donaldson,  John  Esenter,  Elias  Flan- 
agan, Dan'l  Foster,  Sam'l  Findley,  John  Farron,  Christian 
Frely,  George  Flanagan,  Nicholas  Firestones,  Wm.  ForsyW, 

/  Thos.  Gordon, Gardner,  Hugh  Gibson,  Jas.'  Guthrey, 

Hugh  Graliam,  John  Glaseo,  Wm.  Gettis,  Donald  Given,  Alex. 
Hunter,  Henry  Helms,  John  Helms,  Alex.  Hutchinson,  Row- 
ling Harris,  John  Highlands,  James  Handlin,  Rudolph  Hufford, 
John  Hermon,  Robert  Hood,  Adam  Holaday,  John  Holaday, 
Wm.  Hays,  George  Hunter,  Jas.  Hunter,  Rowling  Harris,  Jr., 
■  James  Irvin,  Joseph  Irvni,  Jesse  James,  Rebecca  irvin, 
Arch'd  Irvin,  James  Irvin,  Benjamin  James,  Benjamin 
Killpatrick,  Alex.  Kilkrish,  Conrad  Killion,  Rev.  John 
Xing,  Albert  Lucas,  Thos.  Lucas,  David  Larnd,  James  Lea- 
man,  John  Lee,  Wm.  Lemon,  Jesse  Lewis,  Sam'l  Lucas,  Wm. 
Montgomery,  John  M'Dowel,  James  M'Dowel,  Nathan  M'- 
Dowel,  Wm.  M'Dowell,  Jr.,  Robt.  M'Farlin,  Sam'l  M'Guffin, 
Alex.  M'Kilhatten,  Sam'l  M'Kilhatten,  Jas.  M'Clelland,  Rob- 
-ert  M'Afee,  Robt.  M'Clellin,  Wm.  M'Nutt,  Hugh  M'Kee,  John 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  87 

^I'Calve}-,  John  M'Cny,  William  Meuani}',  Roljt.  Mimms, 
Hance  iVrCullough.  Jolin  M'Cullough,  Walter  M'Kiiiuey,  Wm. 
M'Clellon,  John  M'Kinney,  Jas.  M'Connel,  Thos.  M'Dowel, 
James  M'Ceshin,  Alex.  M'Dowel,  John  M'Dowel,  Sr.,  Wm. 
Mener,  James  M'Clelland,  (forge,)  Wm.  M'Cowen,  Sam'l  M'- 

Cali,   Wm.  M'Gashlin,  M'Clay,  Enos  M'Donnal,  James 

Nox,  Philip  Nip,  Yarner  Nip,  Robt.  Newel,  John  Newel, 
Joshua  Outly,  Patrick  O'Hanlon,  John  Over,  Joseph  Ogburn, 
Wm.  Piper,  Wm.  Porter,  James  Parkhill,  James  Patton,  Eliz- 
abeth Robison,  Daii'l  Reed,  Mary  Smith,  Rebecca  Scott,  Josiah. 
Smith,  Patrick  Savage,  Edward  Stewart,  John  Smith,  Andrew 
•Spence,  Abm.  Tetar,  Walter  Thompson,  John  Thorn,  Alex. 
Templeton,  John  Torrance,  John  Ury,  John  Waggoner,  David 
Witherspoon,  John  Willson,  Isaac  Willson,  John  Watts,  Thos. 
Wason,  Jas.  W^iderow,  Sam'l  Walker,  Edward  Welch,  Robt. 
Walker,  Andrew  Walker,  John  Walker,  David  Williams,  John 
Williams,  Robt.  Wilson. 

Freemen. — Jas.  Allison,  Peter  Barncord,  Isaac  Bard,  Christ- 
ley  Bottleman,  John  Brewster,  John  Burgh,  Patrick  Carvona, 
Wm.  Cochran,  James  Campble,  Nath'l  Cocharon,  John  Dun- 
lap,  Wm.  Dickey,  James  Elgin,  Peter  Fegelman,  Joseph  Her- 
vey,  Charles  Hunter,  John  Hart,  Jacob  Highdiger,  Hercules 
Johnston,  George  King,  Oliver  Kej^s,  Wm.  M'Kee,  Alex.  M'- 
Dowell,  Jas.  M'Dowell,  Alex.  Mehood,  John  Macafee,  Peter 
M'Kinley,  John  M'Call,  Wm.  M'Nutt,  Robert  Newel,  John 
Pollard,  Chas.  Piper,  Andrew  Speedy,  Hugh  Tussey,  John 
Torrance,  John  Taylor,  Robert  Work — 217. 

In  Southampton  township  with  its  present  boundaries : 
Joseph  Arbuckle,  Samuel  Blyth,  John  Blj^th,  Lawrence 
Brindle,  John  Brackinridge,  James  Brackinridge,  Sam'l  Brack- 
inridge,  Andrew  Boyd,  Barnet  Barklow,  Leonard  Bough,  Sam'l 
Brindle,  Sam'l  Crawford,  Conrad  Coynard,  Thos.  Cummins, 
Archibald  Cambridge,  Samuel  Culbertson,  Wm.  Clark,  The- 
opilis  Cessna,  Samuel  Cox,  Andrew  Craig,  John  Culbertson, 
Peter  Dick,  James  Diver,  James  Dun,  Alex.  Donald,  Peter 
Dick,  David  Earl,  Wm.  Erwin,  Joseph  Findley,  George  Poust, 
Conrad  Eishburn,  Isaac  Grier,  Thos.  Grier,  Isaac  Grier,  Sr., 
Thos.  Gilke^^,  John  Harron,  Jas.  Harron,  Wm.  Harron,  Thos. 
Howard,  Jacob  Hoover,  Philip  Hoover,  Burgit  Hains,  John 
Hains,  Jacob   Hammond,  George  Johnston,  Benj.  Johustoru 


88  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY, 

Michael  Kero,CharlesKelley.Jacob  Justice,  Christopher  Lance, 
John  Lere,  Thos.  Lindsay, Caspar  Lee,John  M'Combs,  Anthony 
Mowl,  John  Millar,  Robt.M'Canlass,  Wm.  M'Cune,  John  Means, 
Sam'l  M'Cune,  Sam'l  Montgomery,  Thos.  Millar,  Mark  M'Cord^ 
Wm.  M'Cord,  David  M'Cright,  Arch'd  Mahan,  Martin  Mindle, 
Thos.  Moor,  Nicholas  Mink,  Michael  Mink,  Robt.  Mahan, 
David  Nevins,  Joseph  Phillips,  Jas.  Pimhro}-,  Stephen  Porter, 
James  Pail,  Robert  Peoples,  Mary  Porter,  (widow,)  Thos. 
Paxton,  Thomas  Paxton,  Sam'l  Rippe}-,  Wra.  Rippey,  John 
Rannelle,  Esq.,  Widow  Ross,  James  Randies,  Wm.  Rippey, 

Wm,  Randies,  (heirs,) M'Entire,  (lieirs,)  Mary  Sterret, 

Robt.  Shannon,  Peter  Shoaf,  James  Shoaf,  Peter  Shoaf,  Jr., 
John  Stoll,  Jacob  Sturapbaugh,  Wm.  Scott,  Robt.  Scott,  Wm- 
Strain,  James  Stephens,  James  Smith,  Peter  Stumpbangh, 
Abm.  Shaw,  Lorrance  Stumpaugh,  Philip  Stumpaiigh,  Mat- 
thew Scott,  Elizabeth  Tate,  George  Unstedt,  Thos.  Welch, 
Wm.  Wallace,  Jeremiah  Ward,  James  Wright,  John  Young, 
Wm.  Young. 

Freemen. — Sam'l  Blyth,  John  Cambridge,  Peter  Coons, 
Ludwick  Cook,  Wm.  Dougherty,  Sam'l  Duncan,  Fred'k  Fish- 
burn,  Hugh  Fais,  John  Hoover,  Wm.  Harron,  Sam'l  Howard, 
Robert  Justice,  David  Johnston,  Moses  Kirkpatrick,  Lewis 
Lee,  George  Lee,  Wm.  Means,  Wm.  Martin,  David  M'Cord, 
Isaac  Phillips,  John  Reynolds,  Wm.  Scott,  Moses  Scott,  Sam'l 
Salsgaver,  James  Smith,  Jos.  Stall,  John  Stevens.— 140. 

In  Washington  township,  which  then  included  the  present 
townships  of  Washington  and  Quincy  : 

Stophel  Adams,  Peter  Baker,  David  Burkit,  Dewalt  Bon- 
break,  Wm.  Blackley,  David  Baker,  James  Blackle}',  Daniel 
Beashover,  Elizabeth  Bennidick,  (widow,)  Nicholas  Beaver, 
Jacob  Baker,  John  Baker,  Philip  Boarbaugh,  Peter  Baker,  Sr,, 
Nicholas  Bittinger,  John  Burns,  Christian  Breakner,  Daniel 
Clapsaddle,  John  Cochran,  Sr.,  John  Cochran,  Jr.,  Thomas 
Chambars,  John  Crooks,  James  Crooks,  Michael  Cook,  George 
Cook,  Christian  Cofman,  George  Cofman,  Henry  Carroll, 
Jacob  Cook,  Gasper  Ceese,  Isaac  Clark,  Robt.  Conningham, 
Casper  Cline,  James  Downey,  Peter  Dull,  Joseph  Dull,  Stophel 
Dull,  Henry  Dutch,  David  Dutch,  Henry  Dewalt,  Elias  Da- 
vison, Jacob  Donneker,  William  Erwin.  John  Erwin,  John 
Emmits,  Adam  Flohere.  Peter  Fox,  Henry  Fore,  Fred'k  Fore- 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  89 

man,  Sr.,  Abm  Flora,  Adam  Fredrick,  Fred'k  ForeinaTi,  Jr., 
Henry  Flood,  Jacob  Fredrick,  Christ.  Foglar,  Andw.  Fridle}', 
Andw.  Fridley,  Jr.,  John  Fnnk,^  Laurence  Fotteral,  John 
Gantz,  John  Gralf,  Andw.  Gribhard,  Henry  Gibharfc,  Christian 
Grub.  Albert  Heffner,  Jacob  Holsinger,  George  Holsinger, 
John  Hambleton,  John  Horner,  Sr.,  Fred'k  Howard,  Elizabeth 
Helms,  John  Horner,  Jr.,  Fred'k  Horner,  Abm,  Hornei",  Gasper 
Henline,  Cornelius  Henlin,  Michael  Helms,  Jacob  Hess,  John 
Horn,  Elias  Horn,  David  Heffner,  Daniel  Helman,  Sam'l  Harsh- 
barger,  George  Helman,  Jacob  Hefner,  Yal.  Hefner,  John 
Haslet,  Jacob  HoUinger,  Martin  Jacob,  John  Johnston,  John 
Leap,  David  Lady,  Peter  Longanacer,  John  Long,  Barnet  Lick- 
hart,  Conrad  Loyd,  John  M'Coy,  John  M'CoUoch,  James  Moor- 
head,  Jacob  Mack,  Wm.  M'Crea,  James  M'Crea,  John  M'Clan- 
ahan,  Daniel  M'Co}',  Matthew  M'Farron,  Henry  Millar,  Conrad 
Man,  Jr.,  Conrad  Man,  Sr.,  Henry  M'Farron,  George  Minner, 
Able  Mensor,  Joseph  Mener,  James  Moore,  John  Miller,  John 
M'Kissack,  William  Mack,  James  M'Anulty,  John  Murphy, 
George  Mitsor,  Patrick  Money,  Christian  Miller,  Alex.  Mack, 
George  MosAbock,  David  Mensor,  John  Miller,  Sr.,  John 
Martspock,  Martin  Merkle,  Jacob  Netor,  Peter  Nipper,  Abm. 
Nipper,  Elizabeth  Nipper,  Peter  Newcomber,  Joseph  Nicholas, 
Wm.  Nicholas,  Jacob  Naugel,  John  Nicholas,  Fred'k  Nico- 
demus,  Conrad  Nicodemus,  Jacob  Ortenbarger,  George  Okkel, 
Jacob  Pechtal,  Peter  Penner,  Jacob  Pissaker,  Abm.  Pissaker, 
John  Parks,  Jas.  Parks,  John  Price,  John  Potter,  Simon  Potter, 
Adam  Prits,  Daniel  Price,  Robt.  Price,  John  Ridlesberger, 
George  Rock,  Samuel  Ro^'er,  John  Rock,  Henry  Rock, 
Fred'k  Rock,  Adam  Richardson,  Jacob  Reed,  Fred'k  Sholly, 
Peter  Stover,  David  Stoncr,  Abraham  Stoner,  Jacob  Shockey, 
Valentine  Shockey,  Jacob  Swisher,  Uly  Snowbarger,  Henry 
Shambennon,  Solomon  Seecrist,  Andrew  Snowbarger,  Henry 
Snell,  Ludwick  Stull,  John  Scott,  Herman  Stultz,  Mary  Stoops, 
Simon  String,  Michael  Stover,  Samuel  Sill,  Matthias  Summers, 
Peter  Swope,  John  Still,  Wm.  Stitt,  John  Seecrist,  Thos, 
Stoops,  John  Smith,  Adam  Smith,  Sam'l  Stitt,  John  Sell,  Wm. 
Shaver,  Henry  Stoner,  John  Taylor,  Thomas  Wallas,  John 
Wallas,  Jas.  Wishard,  John  Wishard,  Edward  Wishard, 
Casper  Wagoner,  Jacob  Winterbarger,  Conrad  Warts,  Caspar 


90  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Welch,  John  Wickel,  Jacob  Welty,  James  Watson,  Philip 
Wagerman,  Jacob  Wagerman,  Sam'l  Willson,  James  Willson. 
Freemen — George  Anderson,  George  Beaker,  John  Boggs, 
David  Beasor,  David  Burket,  Abm.  Burket,  Antony  Beaver, 
William  Blackley,  Sam'l  Burket,  Wm.  Crooks,  Henry  Coon, 
James  Crooks,  Peter  Emmit,  John  Fridley,  Daniel  Heap, 
Jacob  Helms,  Daniel  Horner,  Dennice  Joans,  Philip  Knop, 
George  Ludwick,  Henry  Lady,  John  Lanchaster,  James  M'Co}^, 
James  M'Colloch.  John  Menner,  Isaac  Millar,  John  M'Clana- 
han,  James  M'Cray,  Wm  M'Co}^,  Peter  Nipper,  John  Nichol- 
son, Wm.  Nicholson,  David  Nipper,  Peter  Nipper,  Jacob  Price, 
David  Parks,  Daniel  Ko^'er,  Durst  Snowberger,  Jacob  Stump, 
Jacob  Summers,  David  Scott,  Jas,  Stoops,  Wm.  Scott,  James 
Stitt,  Abraham  Shockey,  John  Thomas,  Sam'l  Thomas,  An- 
drew Will,  John  Wallace— 260. 

An  examination  of  the  foregoing  lists  of  taxables  shows  that 
they  contain  the  names  of  many  persons  whose  descendants  are 
still  among  us,  though  their  family  names  are  differently  spelled 
now.  The  spelling  was  done  by  the  assessors  of  the  various 
townships,  and  is  therefore  no  satisfactory  evidence  that  it  was 
correctly  done. 

In  1703  our  taxables  had  increased  to  three  thousand  five 
hundred  and  sevent}'  ;  and  our  whole  population  has  been  as 
follows,  viz  : 

In  1790 15,655 

"  1800 19,638 

"  1810 23,173 

"  1820 -         -  31,892 

"  1830 35,037 

"  1840 37,793 

"  1850 37,956 

"  1860 -         -  42,126 

"  1870 45,365 

So  that  we  have  not  quite  tripled  our  population  in  the  last 
eighty-six  j^ears. 

GUBERNATORIAL    ELECTIONS. 

The  following  statement  of  the  votes  cast  in  our  county  at 
several  of  the  earlier  elections  for  Governor  may  be  of  interest 
as  showing  the  progress  of  the  county  in  population  : 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  91 


III  1790. 

Por  Governor, 

Thomas  Mifflin 

received  1,508  vo 

ites. 

Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair        '' 

193 

u 

For  Senator, 

Abraham  Smith 

u 

985 

u 

Kobert  Johnston 

u 

565 

u 

For  Representatives 

,  James  Johnston 

u 

1,656 

i; 

(t-\vo  elected) 

James  M'Lene 

u 

1,564 

u 

For  Slieritf, 

Henry  Work 

u 

792 

u 

James  Irwin 

(( 

554 

u 

For  Coroner, 

George  Clark 

u 

1,648 

t' 

George  Stover 

u 

1,640 

u 

For  Commissioner, 

James  Poe 

u 

818 

a 

Daniel  Ro3^er 

hi 

588 

u 

In  lt90. 

For  Governor, 

James  Ross 

u 

1,413 

a 

Thomas  M'Kean 

u 

992 

u 

In  1802. 

For  Governor, 

Thomas  M'Kean 

u 

1,368 

u 

James  Ross 

(( 

686 

u 

In  1805. 

For  Governor, 

Simon  Snyder 

u 

1,369 

(( 

Thomas  M'Kean 

u 

1,228 

u 

The  election  districts  and  vote  at  this 

laet  election  were  as 

follows,  viz. : 

Snyder.     ^PKean. 

Cliambersburg, 

.         -         - 

895 

366 

Strasburg,     - 

. 

-     310 

93 

Fannett,     - 

. 

155 

40 

Metal,     - 

- 

-       90 

33 

Mercersburg, 

. 

239 

310 

Greencastle,     - 

. 

-     152 

152 

Wa^aiesboro, 

- 

28 

234 

TRANSPORTATION    LAST    CENTURY. 

There  w^ere  no  turnpikes,  no  canals  and  no  railroads  in  those 
days.  All  transportation  of  merchandise,  such  as  groceries, 
iron,  salt,  &c.,  was,  as  already  stated,  by  pack  horses,  from 
Winchester,  Hagerstown,  Chambersburg,  and  other  points  in 
the  east,  across  the  mountains  to  Bedford,  Fort  Cumberland, 
Ilanna's  town,  Pittsburg,  and  other  points  in  the  west.  The 
people  of  all  sections  of  the  countr}',  east  and  west,  had  long 
before  this  realized  the  fact  that  the  pack  horses  of  the  day 


92  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  or  franklin  county. 

were  not  equal  to  the  demands  of  the  times  in  furnishing- 
transportation  facilities.  The  ProA-^incial  great  roads,  oi)enecl 
by  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  for  the  use  of  General  Brad- 
dock's  army,  from  Loudon  town  and  Winchester  to  Fort  Cum- 
berland, were  originally  poorly  and  hastily  constructed,  had 
become  much  out  of  repair,  and  so  far  as  the  needs  of  Tenn- 
sylvania  were  concerned,  were  useless  beyond  the  town  of 
Bedford.  Accordingly,  attention  was  turned  towards  making 
better  roads.  Private  citizens  subscribed  money  for  this  pur- 
pose, many  of  the  townships  along  the  lines  gave  pecuniary 
aid,  and  in  1789  the  first  wagon  that  passed  over  the  mountain 
barriers  separating  the  east  from  the  west,  went  from  Ilagers- 
town,  Maryland,  to  Brownsville,  Pennsylvania.  It  was  drawn 
by  four  horses,  contained  two  thousand  [)ounds  of  freight,  and 
was  near  a  month  passing  over  the  road,  a  distance  of  about 
one  hundred  and  thirty  miles. 

TURNPIKES. 

The  first  turnpike  company  incorporated  in  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  was  "The  Philadelphia  and  Lancaster  Com- 
pany," April  9tli,  1792.  In  a  few  years  quite  a  number  of 
others  were  incorporated,  but  it  was  not  until  about  the  years 
1814-'21,  that  the  making  of  turnpikes  seized  hold  upon  the 
public  mind.  During  those  years  the  State  became  a  large 
subscriber  to  the  stock  of  various  turnpike  companies,  I  sup- 
pose because  the  Legislature  thought  that  the  public  treasury 
should  aid  in  the  making  of  improvements  designed  for  the 
public  benefit.  The  Carlisle  and  Chambersburg  road  received 
nearly  $100,000  from  the  State;  the  Chambersburg  and  Bed- 
ford road  $175,000;  and  the  Waynesboro',  Greencastle  and 
Mercersbui'g  road  al)oat  $25,000.  The  State  got  but  few,  and 
very  small  dividends  on  these  investments,  and  some  twenty- 
five  years  ago  these  stocks  were  sold  b}'  the  State  Treasurer  at 
the  nominal  prices  of  from  lift}'  cents  to  a  dollar  per  share.. 
The  roads,  however,  remain  ;  and  in  the  days  of  wagoning  and 
staging  they  were  of  vast  use  to  the  people,  repayiug  them  an 
hundred  fold  the  public  moneys  invested  in  their  construction.. 

We  have  now  eighty-eight  miles  of  turnpike  in  our  county^ 
viz. :  Waynesboro',  Greencastle  and  Mercersburg,  forty -two 
miles  ;  Chambersburg  and  Bedford,  nineteen  miles ;  (Miambers- 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRAXKLIN    COUNTY.  93 

burg  and  Carlisle,  eleven  miles  ;  Clianibersburg  and  Gottys- 
Ijurg-,  nine  miles ;  Greencastle  and  Maryland  line,  five  and  a 
half  miles  ;  and  Waynesboro'  and  Maryland  line,  one  and  a 
Jialf  miles. 

STAGE    COACHES. 

Tlie  first  stage  coach  line  from  Clianibersburg  to  Pittsburg 
vras  established  in  the  year  1S04.  Tiie  doom  of  that  mode  of 
travel  was  sealed  when  the  locomotive  scaled  the  heights  of 
the  Alleghenies ;  but  in  their  day  the  old  Concord  coaches 
were  the  most  speedy  and  most  pleasant  means  of  passing 
from  the  east  to  the  west,  and  those  who  can  remember  will 
bear  me  out  in  saying  that  the  arrival  or  departure  of  half  a 
dozen  coaches  of  the  rival  lines,  with  horns  blowing,  streamers 
flying,  and  horses  on  the  full  run,  was  one  of  the  most  in- 
spiring of  scenes.  It  was  witnessed  about  twice  a  day,  at  any 
time,  in  our  good  old  town,  some  thirty  years  ago. 

RAILROADS. 

We  have  now  three  railroads  in  our  county,  viz. :  The  "Cum- 
berland Valley,"  which  embraces  the  old  "Franklin  E-ailroad," 
and  extends  through  the  valley  from  Harrisburg  to  the  Marj^- 
land  line,  a  distance  of  about  sixt3-eight  miles;  the  "Mont 
Alto  Railroad,"  twelve  and  thirty  one-hundredths  miles  long; 
and  the  "Southern  Pennsylvania  Railwa}',"  twent3^-one  and 
four-tenths  miles  in  length,  making  a  total  railroad  mileage  in 
the  count}^  of  about  fifty-nine  and  thirty-four  one-hundredths 
miles.  The  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  was  incorporated  in 
1831.  Work  was  commenced  upon  it  in  1835,  and  in  August, 
1837,  it  was  opened  from  Harrisburg  to  Carlisle,  and  in  N'o- 
vember,  1837,  to  Chambersburg.  Thomas  G.  M'Culloh,  Esq., 
was  its  first  President.  Upon  his  resignation  Hon.  Frederick 
Watts,  of  Carlisle,  succeeded  him,  and  served  for  some  twenty- 
five  years.  In  1850  the  road  was  relaid  with  heavy  T  rails,  at 
a  cost  of  about  $270,000.  About  the  year  18G5  a  consolidation 
with  the  Franklin  Railroad  was  effected,  whereby  the  Cumber- 
land Valley  Railroad  was  extended  to  Hagerstown,  Maryland. 
In  1873  Thomas  B.  Kennedy,  Esq.,  of  Chambersburg,  suc- 
ceeded to  the  Presidency  of  the  road,  upon  the  resignation  of 
Judge  Watts.    ,It  now  has  a  continuous  line  of  road,  94  miles 


94  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

in  length,  from  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  to  Martinsburg, 
West  Virginia,  Avhilst  the  total  length  of  the  main  line  and  its 
connections  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles.  The  Cum- 
berland Yallcy  Kailroad  is  most  substantiall3-  built,  with 
convenient  and  tasteful  station-houses,  clean  and  neat. cars, 
first-class  engines  and  rolling  stock,  and  accommodating  and 
gentlemanly  conductors  and  other  employees;  and  there  is  no 
better  constructed  or  better  managed  railroad  in  the  Common- 
wealth than  it  is.  The  total  cost  of  the  road  has  been  about 
$2,500,000  ;  and  its  property  is  now  worth  fully  $3,500,000. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICTS. 

By  an  act  of  Assembly  passed  the  24th  of  February,  1806, 
the  State  was  divided  into  ten  judicial  districts,  Adams,  Cum- 
berland and  Franklin  counties  being  the  ninth  district.  B}^ 
the  15th  section  of  the  same  act  the  Associate  Judges  of  the 
courts  were  reduced  from  ybt/r  to  tivo  in  each  count}',  as  their 
commissions  expired.  On  the  first  of  March,  1806,  Hon.  James 
Hamilton,  of  Carlisle,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers 
of  the  State,  was  appointed  President  Judge  of  this  district, 
and  served  until  the  13th  of  March,  1819,  when  he  died  sud- 
denly at  Gettj'sburg  whilst  holding  coui-t. 

SUPREME    COURT. 

By  the  act  of  the  11th  of  :\rarch,  1809,  the  Southern  District 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  composed  of  the  counties  of  Cumber- 
land, Franklin,  Adams,  Bedford  and  Himtiugdon,  was  created, 
the  sessions  to  be  held  annually  at  Chambersburg.  This  act 
was  repealed  and  the  district  abolished  by  the  act  of  the  14th 
of  April,  1834,  reorganizing  the  Supreme  Court,  but  during 
the  intervening  twentj'-five  years,  the  Supreme  Court  sat 
annually  in  our  old  court  house,  and  Chief  Justices  Tilghman 
and  Gibson,  and  Justices  Yeates,  Breckenridge,  Duncan, 
Huston,  Pvogers,  Tod,  Smith,  Boss,  Kennedy  and  Sergeant, 
delivered  there  some  of  the  ablest  and  most  important  judicial 
opinions  to  be  found  in  our  State  Reports. 

BANKS. 

The  first  bank  estalilished  in  our  county  was  started  in  the 
year  1809,  under  "Articlevai  of  Association,"  with  a  capital  of 
$250,000,  in  two  thousand  five  hundred  shares  of  $100  each. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  95 

It  "Was  called  the  "Chambersburg  Bank,"  and  was  simply  a 
private  organization,  receiving  deposits  and  discounting  notes, 
drafts,  &c.  Edward  Crawford  was  President  and  Alexander 
Calhoun,  Cashier,  and  the  following  persons  were  the  first 
Board  of  Directors,  viz. :  John  Calhoun,  Mathias  Maris,  John 
Hollida}',  Jacob  Whitmore,  John  Shryock,  Wm.  M.  Brown, 
Jacob  Ileyser,  Patrick  Campbell,  (of  Peters.)  Peter  Eberly 
and  James  Kiddle.  It  continued  to  do  business  under  these 
articles  of  association  until  the  3- ear  1814,  when  it  was  merged 
into  the  "Bank  of  Chambersburg,"  under  the  Omnibus  act  of 
that  3"ear,  next  referred  to. 

On  the  21st  of  March,  1813,  an  act  was  passed  by  the  Legis- 
lature, "Regulating  Banks,"  which  divided  the  State  into 
twent>--seven  districts  and  provided  for  the  creation  of  forty- 
one  new  banks,  with  a  capital  of  over  $17,000,000.  It  gave 
the  county  of  Franklin  two  banks,  one  to  be  called  the  "Bank 
of  Chambersburg,"  with  a  capital  of  $600,000,  the  other  "The 
Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank  of  Greencastle,"  with  a  capital 
of  $250,000  Governor  Snyder  vetoed  the  bill,  but  at  the  next 
session,  on  the  21st  of  March,  1814,  it  was  "logrolled"  through, 
notwithstanding  the  veto. 

The  "Bank  of  Chambersburg,"  now  the  "National  Bank  of 
Chambersburg,"  has  been  in  full  operation  ever  since,  and  de- 
servedly ranks  as  one  of  the  best  conducted  and  most  reliable 
banking  institutions  in  the  State. 

"The  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank  of  Greencastle"  was 
duly  organized  under  its  charter  of  1814,  but  from  some  causes 
now  unknown,  soon  got  into  trouble,  and  about  the  year  1818 
failed  most  disastrously,  entailing  financial  trouble  and  ruin 
upon  almost  every  person  connected  with  it. 

In  addition  to  the  National  Bank  of  Chambersburg,  which 
has  a  capital  of  $260,000,  we  have  now  in  operation  in  this 
county,  the  National  Bank  of  Greencastle,  with  a  capital  of 
$100,000  ;  the  National  Bank  of  Waynesboro',  capital  $75,000 ; 
the  Franklin  County  Bank,  at  Chambersburg,  with  a  capital 
of  $65,000  ;  and  the  Farmers'  Bank  of  Mercersburg,  with  a 
capital  of  some  $20,000.  The  last  two  are  banks  of  discount 
and  deposit  alone,  owned  b}^  individuals. 


QQ  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FBANKLIN    COUNTY. 

WATER    WORKS. 

About  the  year  1818  the  first  attempt  was  made  to  introduce 
water  into  our  town.  It  was  taken  from  the  Falling  Spring, 
about  a  half  mile  east  of  the  railroad  bridge,  beiaig  forced 
thence  to  the  reservoir  (which  was  where  the  dwelling  of  Samuel 
Myers  now  is)  by  the  power  of  the  sti-eam  acting  upon  the 
buckets  of  a  large  water  wheel  placed  in  the  current.  The 
pipes  extended  through  Market  street  to  Franldin,  a  short  way 
on  Second  street,  and  ou  Main  street  from  King  street  to 
German.  There  were  no  fire  plugs — nothing  but  hydrants  for 
family  use — and  the  reservoir  being  small,  the  works  were 
wholly  useless  in  times  of  fire.  The  pipes  soon  rotted  out,  and 
by  the  year  1823  the  whole  thing  was  abandoned.  Being  very 
primitive  in  all  their  appointments,  these  works  could  not  have 
been  very  expensive,  although  some  of  our  old  citizens  say 
that  they  cost  about  forty  thousand  dollars. 

Our  present  excellent  water  works  are  the  property  of  the 
borough,  constructed  through  the  energy  of  our  Town  Council. 
They  are  said  to  be  well  built,  and  reflect  great  credit  upon  all 
connected  with  their  erection.  Their  total  cost  is  about  fifty- 
five  thousand  dollars. 

MANUFACTURE  OF    TAPER. 

Dr.  Lewis  11.  Gerrard  in  his  sketch  of  "  Chambersburg  in 
the  Colony  and  the  Revolution,"  says  that  Dr.  John  Calhoun 
started  here,  in  1786,  the  first  paper  mill  in  this  valley,  if  not 
in  the  western  country.  It  is  not  belieA''ed  that  he  carried  ou 
the  business  for  any  great  length  of  time. 

It  is  known,  however,  that  the  manufacture  of  writing  and 
printing  paper  was  carried  on  at  Chamltersburg,  or  Chambers' 
town,  as  it  was  then  called,  by  John  Scott  &  Co.,  in  September, 
1788,  and  for  about  eight  j^ears  thereafter  the  newspapers  at 
Pittsburg,  and  west  of  the  mountains  generally,  were  supplied 
from  this  point.  On  the  28th  of  June,  1788,  Col.  Benjamin 
Chambers  and  Sarah  his  wife,  for  the  consideration  ot  £lb  specie, 
conveyed  to  John  Scott,  John  Calhoun,  Samuel  Purviance  and 
Dr.  George  Clingan,  a  plot  of  ground  40  by  90  feet — the  same 
ground  the  present  woolen  mill  stands  upon,  for  the  sole  and 
exclusive  purpose  of  building  a  paper  factory  thereon.  It  was 
upon  this  ground  that  John  Scott  &  Co.,  erected  their  paper 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  97 

-mill.  The  paper  was  trausported  upon  pack  horses,  hundreds 
of  which  could  at  any  time,  as  late  as  It 96,  be  found  loading 
with  merchandise  at  Strasburg,  Loudon,  Mercersburg  and 
Chambersburg,  for  the  western  country. 

STRAW    PAPER. 

Straw  paper  was  manufactured  at  Chambersburg  as  early  as 
1831,  by  George  A.  Shryock  and  Dr.  Samuel  D.  Culbertson. 
It  never  got  into  general  use  in  the  mercantile  community, 
being  too  brittle  for  wrapping  ;  but  in  the  shape  of  binders' 
boards,  and  in  other  styles  of  manufacture,  it  met  with  large 
sales,  and  proved  ver^'  remunerative  to  those  engaged  in  the 
Inisiness.  In  the  shape  of  "binders'  boards"  alone  the  trade 
has  become  very  large  indeed. 

Mr.  George  A.  Shryock,  now  deceased,  in  an  article  pub- 
lished by  him  in  1866,  says  :  "Colonel  William  Magaw,  of 
Meadville,  Pa.,"  (who  was  a  cousin  of  Mr.  Shryock)  "was  ex- 
tensivel}^  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  potash  in  1827-28. 
His  ash  hoppers  were  lined  with  long  straw  before  the  ashes 
were  introduced,  Magaw  was  in  the  habit  of  chewing  the 
straw  taken  from  the  hoppers  and  pressing  it  in  his  hands, 
and  he  thus  discovered  that  it  produced  a  substance  united  and 
Jibrous,  closely  resembling  the  pulp  out  of  which  the  ordinary 
wrapping  paper  is  made.  He  concluded  that  the  material  was 
adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  paper.  As  I  was  at  that  time 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  rag  paper  l)y  the  old  method, 
at  Ilollywell  Paper  Mill,  one  and  a  half  miles  south  of  Cham- 
bersburg, Magaw  wrote  to  me  on  the  subject  of  his  discovery. 
I  encouraged  him  to  visit  Chambersburg,  in  July  or  August, 
1829,  to  fairly  test  the  matter  at  Hollywcll  Paper  Mill.  The 
experiment  was,  at  that  time  and  place,  made  and  proved  a 
decided  success.  I  was  so  well  satisfied  of  its  practicability 
that  I  bought  a  large  cast  iron  kettle  of  John  V.  Kelly,  in 
Chambersburg,  cribbed  it  Avith  Avood  staves  so  that  I  could 
boil  from  seven  hundred  to  one  thousand  pounds  straw  at  one 
filling,  and  made,  for  some  weeks,  from  twenty  to  thirty  reams 
per  day. 

"  The  material  used  at  that  time  in  the  preparation  of  the 
straw  was  potash,  exclusively.  I  abandoned  the  manufacture 
of  rag  paper,  and  devoted  my  mill  exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
^  1 


98  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

tiire  of  straw  paper  for  some  months.  In  Xovember,  1829,  I 
visited  the  East  to  see  a  cylinder  machine  tlien  in  operation  in 
Springfield,  Massachusetts,  by  Messrs.  Ames.  On  m^^  way  I 
accidentally  met  with  Mr.  Lafflin,  of  Lee,  Massachusetts,  at 
Hays'  Pearl  Street  House,  New  York,  and  engaged  him  to 
build  for  me  a  small  cylinder  machine,  at  Ilollywell  Paper 
Mill,  near  Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania.  This  icas  ceiiainhj 
the  fird  machine  (hat  ever  operated  on  that  material.  Within 
the  first  year  I  introduced  the  grooved  wood  roll  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  binders'  and  box  boards,  &c.  These  two  manutac- 
tures  were  (as  far  as  has  been  ascertained)  the  very  first  use 
of  straw  paper  as  a  staple  article  in  our  world." 

In  1831  Dr.  S.  D.  Culbertson,  Reed  Washington,  Alexander 
Calhoun  and  George  A.  Shryock  formed  a  partnership  under  the 
name  of  G.  A.  Shr3'ock  &  Co.,  and  bought  from  Thos.  G.  M'- 
CuUoh,  Esq.,  executor  of  the  estate  of  Samuel  Purviance,  the 
property'  at  the  confluence  of  the  Falling  Spring  and  the  Cono- 
cocheague  creek,  and  built  the  paper  mill  which  formerly 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  woolen  mill.  It  was  150  by  50 
feet  in  size,  and  five  stories  high,  had  one  hundred  and  two 
miles  of  drying  poles,  and  seventeen  dry  presses  in  it,  and  had 
ever}^  facilit}^  for  the  manufacture  of  boards  and  paper. 

COMMON    SCHOOLS. 

By  the  Constitutions  of  1176  and  1190  (each)  it  was  provided 
that  a  system  of  Public  Free  Schools  should  be  founded  in 
each  count}',  for  the  instruction  of  the  poor ;  and  this  was 
done  by  the  public  paying  those  who  kept  i^rit-ate  pa.j/  schools 
to  instruct  the  indigent  poor  who  were  sent  to  them.  It  was 
not,  however,  until  about  the  year  1836  (or  forty  j-ears  ago) 
that  the  i^resent  magnificent  Common  School  system  of  our 
State  was  established.  At  first  it  Avas  bitterly  opposed  in 
many  parts  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  many  years  elapsed 
before  it  was  generally  adopted.  In  our  county  there  were 
last  year  two  hundred  and  fifty-four  schools,  kept  open  an 
average  of  six  months,  having  in  them  one  hundred  and  ninety 
male,  and  sevent^'-two  female  teachers.  The  number  of  male 
scholars  in  these  schools  was  six  thousand  three  hundred  and 
seven,  and  of  females  five  thousand  two  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight.     The  total  receipts  were  $86,860.42,  and  the  expenditures 


HISTORICAL    SKETCU    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  99 

$82,623.45,  of  which  $49,098.47  were  applied  to  the  payment 
of  teachers'  salaries,  and  the  balance  to  other  expenses. 

By  the  thirty-ninth  section  of  the  act  of  the  8th  of  May,, 
1854,  it  was  provided  that  the  School  Directors  of  the  several 
counties  of  the  State  shall  meet  in  convention  on  the  first 
Monday  of  June  then  next  following,  and  on  the  first  Monday 
of  May  in  each  third  year  thereafter,  and  select,  viva  voce,  hy 
a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  directors  present,  one- 
person  of  literary  and  scientific  acquirements,  and  of  skill  and 
experience  in  the  art  of  teaching,  as  County  Superintendent- 
of  Common  Schools  for  three  succeeding  school  years.  And 
by  the  forty-first  section  of  the  same  act  it  was  made  the  duty 
of  such  Superintendents  "to  examine  all  the  candidates  for  the- 
profession  of  teacher,  in  the  presence  of  the  board  of  direc^tors^ 
or  controllers,  if  tliey  desire  to  be  present — and  to  give  each, 
person  found  qualified  a  certificate,  setting  forth  the  branches 
of  learning  he  or  she  is  capable  of  teaching." 

Before  the  adoption  of  the  Common  School  system,  which-, 
was  made  general  by  the  act  of  the  8th  of  Ma}^,  1854,  no- 
examination  was  required  of  those  who  were  applicants  for 
positions  as  teachers.  Examinations,  if  made  at  all,  were 
made  by  the  directors,  or  by  persons  selected  by  them.  A. 
marked  improvement  soon  became  perceptible  in  the  qualifica- 
tions of  teachers,  after  the  more  thorough  methods  of  exami- 
nation were  put  into  operation  by  the  County  Superintendents., 
and  it  cannot  be  denied  that  the  change  thus  introduced  has 
been  of  much  advantage  by  securing  a  more  thorough  super- 
vision of  the  schools,  and  by  increasing  the  qualifications  of 
the  teacliers  themselves. 

Superiyitendent — H.  S.  Eby. 

DIRECTORS  AND  TEACHERS,  1877-78. 
ANTRIM    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — John  Mann,  John  Gorman,  Columbus  C.  Pentzr. 
Jonathan  Jacoby,  Humphrey  Gordon.  James  W.  M'Clear}'. 

Teachers.— \N .  L.  Omwake,  J.  S.  Smith,  J.  Weagley,  G.  H, 
Cook,  G.  H.  Carbaugh,  D.  S.  Eager,  S.  M.  Hicks,  D.  Barnhart^ 
M.  P.  M  irtin,  W.  Stine,  J.  Shuman,  D.  L.  Grove,  C.  H.  Rich- 
ards, Miss  Mary  AUeman,  Hadessah  Stoufter,  G.  W.  Atherton,. 
J.  P.  Stover,  .f.  W.  Kuhn,  J.   C.  Hassler,  B.  F.  Snider,  T.  H. 


100  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Weagley,  L.  Allemaii,    C.  A.  Knlm,  J.  II.  Rutliriinff,  11.  T. 
Banihart,  J.  G.  Schalf,  Joshua  Skegs> 

BOROUGH    OF    GREENCASTLE. 

DirecLorH. — John  Wilhelm,  William  Snyder,  Dr.  James  K. 
Davidson,  L.  H.  Fletcher,  Lewis  Gantner,  J.  A.  Davison. 

Teachers. — G.  W.  Baughman,  Mrs.  M.  K.  Detrich,  William 
A.  Ileid,  Misses  Lottie  Fcldman  and  Beckie  Laughlin. 

FANNETT    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors  — Keifer  llosenberr}^  James  W.  llollida}',  William 
;Stake,  William  Bigler,  William  Shetler,  Daniel  Stewart. 

Teachers. — John  P.  Shearer,  Wm.  A.  Grouse,  James  S.  Craig, 
Daniel  B.  Shields,  Samuel  Robertson,  James  Ilarkins,  Vincent 
JM'Kim,  W.  D.  M'Gowan,  M.  S.  Taylor,  0.  F.  Jones,  John 
Pomeroy,  Misses  Mintie  Alexander,  Emma  Shearer,  Beckie 
Shearer  and  Lizzie  C.  Shearer. 

GREENE    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — J.  B.  White,  Uriah  Bollinger,  Henry  Slichter, 
John  Lehman,  Jacob  Bittinger,  Newton  Horner. 

Teachers.— L.  J.  Wolf,  J.  W.  DeHaven,  J.  C.  Brown,  D.  W- 
Sollenberger,  D.  A.  Flora,  B.  H.  Ochre,  C.  S.  Barr,  Elias  Hall, 
J.  S.  Winger t,  H.  A.  Bitner,  A.  B.  Sehively,  W.  Kekler,  T.  W. 
Cashman,  S.  N.  Walters,  A.  R.  Dice,  0.  C.  Hamsher,  H.  S. 
.Shade,  J.  B.  Long,-  Miss  A.  E.  Etter. 

GUILFORD    TOWNSHIP. 

^Directors. — Wm.  Ferguson,  John  Duffield,  Charles  Thomp- 
■son,  Benj.  Lehman,  George  Stever,  Samuel  S.  Led3\ 

Teachers.— John  AVolfkill,  John  B.  Hege,  J.  W.  Funk,  W. 
M.  Olliver,  J.  A.  Miller,  T.  G.  Zarcher,  W.  A.  Bender,  C.  A. 
Baker,  J.  SoUenborger,  Thomas  Gilland,  D.  Heysinger,  A.  R. 
Dornberger,  J.  A.  Dysart,  J.  H.  Shank,  W.  H.  Swigert,  A.  S. 
Maxwell,  F.  T.  Snyder,  C.  W.  Thompson,  G.  P.  Duffield,  C.  C. 
Funk,  H.  L.  M'Elhenny,  J.  B.  Wingert,  J.  A.  Ward. 

HAMILTON    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — George  Palmer,  Andrew  Bard,  Samuel  S.  Reisher, 
Jeremiah  Mish,  George  Grove,  Frederick  Dice. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  101 

Teachers. — R.  A.  Moore,  David  Ward,  David  Raff,  Miss  S. 
E.  Over,  J.  B.  Martin,  B.  H.  T.  Moore,  J.  M'Allen,  II.  J.  Sim- 
man,  M.  B.  Ilafer,  Cyrus  Grove,  A.  L.  Raff. 

LETTERKENNY    TOWNSHIP 

Directors. — John  S.  Dice,  Samuel  Kissinger,  J.  M.  Gelwix,. 
J.  M.  Kaufman,  M.  D.  Miller,  J.  A.  West 

Teachers. — F.  H.  Slyder,  J.  F.  Reifsnider,  H.  Worthington., 
J.  C.  Burkholder,  B.  F.  Newton,  C.  Shuman,  B.  F.  Dice,  B.  F. 
Funk,  D.  J.  West,  M.  H.  Bert,  Charles  Foreman,  Misses  W. 
J.  Kauffman,  Lottie  Creamer  and  Dora  Shumaker. 

LURGAN    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — P.  S.  Iloch,  William  Bitner,  John  F.  Woods. 
John  M.  Diehl,  W.  A.  Golden,  Richard  Cams. 

Teachers. — D.  D.  Swanger,  Samuel  Faust,  William  Stewart^ 
W.  A.  Coover,  D.  D.  Fickes,  J.  B.  Shearer,  J.  II.  Morrow, 
Misses  L.  J.  Mowers,  K.  B.  Hoch  and  R.  C.  Traxler. 

METAL    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — John  S.  Cowan,  Win.  Noonan,  W.  R.  Noble, 
Amos  Dever,  Jerome  Detrick,  David  Flickinger. 

Teachers. — Harvey  Jones,  George  M'Gowan,  W.  J.  Park,  J. 
A.  Ilashinger,  R.  P.  Cowan,  W.  A.  Bear,  C.  Rice,  John  Detrich 
and  Miss  T.  G.  Deaver. 

MONTGOMERY    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — Dr.  II.  G.  Chritzman,  John  W.  Anderson,  Jacob 
Zook,  John  Karper,  John  D.  Elliott,  John  D.  Hege. 

Teachers.— J).  B.  Kline,  J.  L.  Hays,  G.  W.  Kennedy,  C.  E. 
Wilhelm,  L.  B.  Wagner,  J.  M.  Brosius,  A.  S.  M.  Anderson, 
M.  A.  Embick,  John  W.  Kuhn,  Wm.  Henkell,  W.  Rice,  and 
Misses  S.  Work,  Ada  Hewitt,  Ida  Steck,  Mary  Adams,  Mary 
Alleman,  A.  Y.  DufTield  and  E.  C.  Embick. 

BOROUGH    OE    MERCERSBURG. 

Directors. — Dr.  R.  L.  Brownson,  John  Waidlich,  O.  L.  Mur- 
ray, J.  S.  Whitmore,  J.  Q.  A.  Orth,  R.  P.  M'Farland. 

Teachers. — Misses  M.  Beall,  Ella  F.  Cromer,  Sadie  M. 
Parker,  Sallie  Rice,  Mattie  Stouffer,  Ida  Negley,  and  Harry 
A.  Dysart. 


102  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

PETERS  TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — Daniel  Hege,  Jacob  Light,  George  Cromer, 
David  Kinsey,  Jacob  Phillipy,  Adam  N.  Ryder. 

Teachers.— W.  M.  Byers,  John  Gift,  D.  F.  Haulman,  J.  M- 
Xuhm,  J.  C.  Miller,  L.^D.  Burkholder,  J.  C.  Higgins,  A.  S. 
Light,  J.  W.  Hill,  J.  L.  Hays,  J.  A.  Stewart,  J.  H.  Light,  C. 
H.  Craig,  Rev.  R.  Arthur,  and  Misses  S.  E.  Gardner,  X.  J.  Hill 
and  Mary  Keefer. 

QUINCY    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — William  Hayman,  Samuel  S.  Winger,  Daniel 
IBonebrake,  John  Duey,  Samuel  Essick,  Abraham  Baker. 

Teachers. — F.  W.  Kynor,  Ezra  Wile,  D.  M.  Benedict,  Daniel 
Price,  D.  F.  Smith,  G.  A.  Helm,  Alonzo  Middower,  M.  E.  Swi- 
^ert,  G.  Waulk,  J.  C.  Ferman,  Ralph  Smith,  E.  C.  Stull,  Thos. 
llobinson,  and  Misses  Ida  Hemminger,  Mary  Gilbert  and  El- 
mira  Kohler. 

ST.  THOMAS  TOWNSHIP. 

Directors.— Sohrv  W.  Cell,  M.  H.  Kcyser,  S.  H.  Gillan,  Geo. 
W.  Betz.  S.  Z.  Hawbecker,  Daniel  Sellers. 

Teachers.— 3 o\n\  C.  Detrich,  J.  R.  Gillan,  J.  W.  Coble,  D. 
€.  Croft,  Cornelius  Lambert,  W.  L.  Raff,  D.  T.  Kroh,  T.  En- 
terline,  J.  A.  Benedict,  J.  Unger,  S.  B.  Reamer,  M.  L.  Grove, 
J.  T.  Graham,  and  Miss  M.  L.  M'Garvey. 

SOUTHAMPTON    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — J.  M'Cord  Means,  W.  H.  Blair,  Jacob  Burk- 
liolder,  J.©hn  S.  Beattie,  H.  G.  Skiles,  R.  F.  M'Cune. 

Teacherrs.—C.  R.  Reed,  D.  C.  Morrison,  G.  W.  Goshart, 
John  W..;Coover,  J.  B.  Patterson,  P.  D.  Minnick,  W.  S.  Duncan, 
1\\  C.Eebok,  J.  M.  Wright,  George  K.  M'Cormick,  and  Misses 
Xizzie  Etter,  Ida  Quigley  and  Emma  Minehart. 

WARREN    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — Jonathan  Yeakle,  John  C.  Cook,  O.  E.  M'Cul- 
loh,  William  Suffecool,  Jacob  Bair,  J.  W.  Phinicie. 

Teachers.— k.  N.  Kirk,  Wm.  Color,  J.  C.  Whitman,  J.  Min- 
aiick,  and  Miss  Sadie  Kirk. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  103 

WASHINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 

Directors. — Lewis  Detrich,  Daniel  Hoeflich,  Isaac  Shockey 
Lewis  Lecrone,  Martin  Funk,  John  Frantz,  Jr. 

Teachers. — J.  E.  Benchoff,  J.  R.  Miller,  C.  G.  Speilman,  J. 
C.  Kriner,  S.  J.  Gordon,  M.  P.  Crosby,  John  A.  Potter,  S.  G. 
Hollinger,  George  Waddle,  R.  A.  Little,  J.  Gearhart,  J.  R. 
Wolfkill,  O.  N.  Law,  A.  P.  Baker,  and  Misses  R.  M.  Gaff  and 
N.  M.  Minehart. 

BOROUGH    OP    WAYNESBORO'. 

Directors.— i .  B.  Beaver,  Daniel  Tritle,  T.  J.  Filbert,  J.  W. 
Miller,  J.  F.  Grove,  T.  H.  West 

Teachers. — A.  B.  Stoler,  Edwin  Bergstresser,  J.  West,  Mrs. 
J.  Funk,  and  Misses  A.  E.  Grouse,  C.  A.  Coon  and  Florence 
Richardson. 

BOROUGH    OF    CHAMBERSBURG. 

Directors. — First  Ward,  John  L.  Grier,  Casper  Wickey, 
Win.  Michaels;  Second  Ward,  'J.  N.  Snider,  A.  Hollar,  S.  M. 
Shillito ;  Third  Ward,  B.  Y.  Hamsher,  Geo.  Dittman,  D.  W. 
Sollenberger ;  Fourth  Ward,  Jas.  B.  Gillan,  Geo.  F.  Piatt, 
Calvin  Gilbert. 

Teachers. — W.  H.  Hockenberry,  C.  H.  Robertson,  Rev.  C. 
H.  Guudlach,  R.  S.  M'Elwain,  D.  S.  M'Fadden,  S.  Gelwicks, 
and  Misses  S.  A.  Re}' nolds,  Mary  M.  Snider,  Jennie  Gilbert, 
Lide  P.  Welsh,  Mary  E.  Wark,  Mary  E.  Mason,  Jennie  Over, 
Annie  Flinder,  Ella  M.  Brand,  L.  C.  Gillan,  Ada  B.  White, 
Adaline  Miller,  IdaB.  Worlcy,  Gertie  L.  Xead,  Jennie  Frazer, 
Virgie  Seibert,  Maggie  Barry,  Laura  Eckhart  and  Grace  ]S"it- 
terhouse. 

The  fact  that  the  Lancasterian,  or  Monitorial  system  of 
education  was  ever  tried  in  our  count}-  is  known  to  verj'  few 
of  our  citizens.  It  originated  with  a  Dr.  Bell,  in  the  island 
of  Madras,  was  thence  introduced  into  England,  and  taken 
hold  of  by  Joseph  Lancaster,  Esq.,  who  in  the  first  3-ears  of 
this  centur3^did  so  much  therefor  popular  instruction.  From 
England  this  system  spread  to  America,  taking  the  name  of 
^'Lancasterian."  It  was  founded  upon  the  principle  of  making 
iise  of  the  more  advanced  pupils  in  the  school  to  aid  the 
teachers  by  acting  as   Monitors.,  and  taking  charge  of  the 


104  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

yoiing-or  and  less  advanced  classes.  Large  cards  were  used,, 
on  which  were  printed  the  letters  and  figures  and  whole  sen- 
tences of  reading.  The  scliolars  learned  these  b}^  copying 
them,  tlie  younger  ones  making  the  letters  and  figures  in  a 
long  box  of  sand  placed  in  front  of  them  ;  the  elder  scholars 
using  slates.  No  pens,  ink  or  paper  were  used  in  the  school. 
A  Monitor  with  a  long  rod  or  pointer  overlooked  each  class 
as  it  copied  the  letters  and  figures  on  the  cards  hung  up  before 
it.  All  the  work  of  the  school  was  done  in  a  semi-militar}' 
way,  at  the  word  of  command. 

Mr.  James  Walker,  an  old  teacher  well  remembered  at  Green- 
castle,  about  the  3'ear  1810  or  '12,  went  to  Lancaster  in  this 
State,  where  the  system  was  in  use,  made  himself  acquainted 
with  it,  and  returned  home  to  Greencastle  and  opened  a  school 
in  the  brick  building,  afterwards  the  Methodist  Church,  which 
stood  just  south  of  the  present  Public  School  house.  He  had 
a  large  school  there  for  a  number  of  years.  I  know  not  how 
long  his  school  lived  nor  whether  the  system  was  tried  any 
where  else  in  the  county. 

COLLEGES    AND    ACADEMIES. 

In  addition  to  the  facilities  afforded  by  our  common  schools 
to  the  youth  of  our  county,  both  male  and  female,  to  obtain  a 
complete  education,  we  have  the  '^Mercersburg  College"  at 
Mercersburg,  in  a  department  of  which  Theology  is  also  taught, 
of  which  Professor  E.  E.  Higbee,  D.  D.,  is  Principal ;  the 
"Chambersburg  Academy"  at  Chambersburg,  of  which  Pro- 
fessor J.  H.  Shumaker  is  Principal ;  the  "Kennedy  Academy" 
at  Welsh  Kun,  of  which  Rev.  J.  H.  Fleming  is  Principal ;  the 
"Wilson  College"  (for  females)  at  Chambersburg,  of  which 
Kev.  W.  F.  Wylie,  A.  M.,  is  President ;  and  the  "Mercersburg 
Female  Seminary"  at  Mercersburg,  of  which  Rev.  J.  H.  Hass- 
ler  is  Principal.  Besides  these  are  a  number  of  other  private 
schools  of  a  high  grade  in  A^arious  parts  of  the  count^^,  where 
both  a  common  and  classical  education  may  be  acquired. 

WAR    LOSSES. 

In  the  late  war  of  the  Rebellion  our  county  suffered  more, 
and  our  people  lost  more,  than  any  other  county  in  the  north- 
ern States. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  105 

Ours  was  the  debatable  ground  over  which  friend  and  foe 
alike  passed  at  discretion  in  the  carrying  out  of  their  military 
operations,  and  by  each  were  our  people  caused  to  suffer. 
Under  the  authority  of  a  Union  Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
the  horses,  saddles,  bridles,  &c.,  of  our  rural  population  were 
seized  and  taken  for  the  public  use,  and  many  of  these  seizures 
have  never  been  paid  for.  The  Confederate  troops  raided 
upon  our  county  several  times  and  stripped  our  people  of  their 
horses,  their  wagons,  their  carriages,  their  cattle,  their  mer- 
chandise and  their  money  ;  and  in  186.3  Lee,  the  great  captain 
of  the  hosts  of  the  rebellion,  witli  the  pride  and  flower  of  his 
following,  near  one  hundred  thousand  strong,  invaded  our 
county  and  held  it  in  his  undisputed  control  for  three  weeks 
or  more. 

During  all  the  years  of  the  rebellion  the  people  of  the  bor- 
der counties  were  in  all  things  loyal  to  the  government.  Upon 
us  the  waves  of  the  rebellion  beat,  and  our  sufferings  and 
losses  were  the  protection  of  the  people  of  other  parts  of  our 
Commonwealth.  Disinterested,  unprejudiced  and  sworn  ap- 
praisers have,  for  the  third  time,  said  that  the  losses  of  the 
border  counties  were  $3,452,515.95,  distributed  as  follows,  viz: 

Somerset  county,         -         -         -         -  $120  00 

Bedford         '•    '                 ...  6,818  03 

Fulton           "  ....  56,504  98 

Franklin       "                     ...  846,058  30 

Chambersburg,  ....  1,625,435  55 

Adams  county,                 -         -         -  489,438  99 

York         "  ....  216,366  15 

Cumberland  and  Perry  counties,   -  211,778  95 


$3,452,515  95 
And  yet  the  representatives  of  the  great  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania have  hitherto  turned  a  deaf  ear  to  the  petitions  of  our 
plundered  people,  many  of  whom  lost  their  all.  Not  one 
penny  has  ever  been  given  to  the  people  of  any  of  these  dis- 
tricts, save  to  the  burned  out  population  of  Chambersburg, 
who,  after  much  tribulation  and  many  years  waiting,  obtained 
less  than  fifty  per  cent,  of  their  losses. 

In  the  great  fire  of  30th  July,  1864,  by  which  the  town  of 
Chambersburg  was  destroyed,  the  following  buildings  were 
burned,  viz  : 


106  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Residences  and  places  of  business,     -         -         -  278 

Barns  and  stal)les,          -----  98 

Out-buildings  of  various  kinds,          -         -         .  173 


Total, 549 

The  total  losses  of  the  people  of  the  town  have  been  ap- 
praised at  $1,625,435.55,  of  which  near  $185,000  was  for  real 
estate  alone.  The  county  was  also  a  great  sufferer,  and  her 
losses  are  not  included  in  this  estimate.  Our  beautiful  court 
house,  which,  in  1843,  cost  us  $44,545.1(5,  was  totall}-  destroyed, 
and  the  rebuilding  of  it  cost  our  people  $52,083.25,  though  the 
old  walls  were  used.  But  the  greatest  loss  our  people  sus- 
tained was  in  the  destruction  of  the  large  mass  of  our  public 
records,  which  were  burned  with  the  court  house.  Their  loss 
is  irreparable.  They  never  can  be  restored,  and  it  is  only 
among  the  legal  fraternit}^  that  the  magnitude  of  the  calamity 
is  duly  appreciated.  I  have  known  more  than  one  case  where 
minors  have  lost  their  whole  estates  by  reason  of  the  destrucr 
tion  of  these  records,  and  their  consequent  inability  upon 
coming  of  age  to  prove  who  were  their  guardians,  or  the  bail 
of  these  guardians  ;  and  in  other  cases  where  the  names  of  the 
guardians  were  known,  but  have  become  insolvent,  the  moneys 
in  their  hands  have  been  lost,  because  of  inability  to  prove 
who  their  securities  were. 

OUR    CRIMINAL    HISTORY. 

Nine-tenths  of  the  first  white  inhabitants  of  the  Cumber- 
land valle}'  were,  as  has  already  been  stated,  Scotch-Irish, 
with  some  Englishmen  and  pure  Scotchmen  among  them, 
They  were  generally  of  the  better  class,  brought  up  to  regard 
the  laws  of  God  and  man ;  the  most  of  them  being  members 
of  some  church.  They  were,  therefore,  desirable  additions  to 
the  population  of  the  country;  good  citizens,  who  generally 
lived  at  peace  with  each  other,  and  when  the}^  did  violate  the 
law  their  crimes  were  not  of  a  very  heinous  character.  Their 
morality  was  regulated  by  the  ideas  of  the  age  in  which  they 
lived,  and  in  those  days  many  things  were  thought  quite  proper 
and  right  which  would  not  now  meet  with  approval.  The  use 
of  strong  liquors  was  general  amongst  them,  and  to  an  exces- 
sive indulgence  in  them  was  attributable  most  of  their  depart- 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRA>;KLIN    COUNT!'.  107 

ures  from  the  rules  of  right  and  good  conduct.  Hence 
the  crimes  that  our  courts  in  early  times  were  most  often 
called  upon  to  tiy  and  punish  were  petty  larcenies,  assaults 
and  batteries,  riots,  &c.  The  higher  crimes,  such  as  arson, 
burglar}',  robbery  and  murder  were  of  rare  occurrence  among 
the  inhabitants  of  this  A'alle}-.  Indeed,  I  do  not  know  of  a 
single  instance,  in  this  county  at  least,  where  a  Scotch-Irish- 
man wa^  convicted  of  either  of  these  offences.  Thei'e  have 
been  but  five  capital  convictions  in  our  count}',  so  far  as  I  have 
any  record,  since  its  organization,  over  ninety-two  years  ago. 
Four  of  these  were  for  murder  and  one  for  rape. 

At  a  court  of  O^'er  and  Terminer,  held  at  Chambersburg,  in 
November,  1185,  before  Hon.  Thomas  M'Kean,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  John  Hanna,  of  Franklin  township,  and 
Josiah  Raniage,  of  Letterkenny  township,  were  sevcralh'  con 
victed  of  murder  in  the  first  degree. 

The  names  of  the  grand  jurors  who  found  the  indictments 
"were  as  follows,  viz :  James  Maxwell,  foreman,  William  M'- 
Dowell,  Thomas  Johnston,  George  Matthews,  John  M'Clay, 
James  Findle}',  John  Allison,  James  Watson,  Frederick  By- 
ers,  William  Scott,  Elias  Davidson,  Richard  Beard,  Charles 
M'Clay,  Nathan  M'Dowell,  James  Chambers,  Patrick  Max- 
well, William  Rannels,  Matthew  Wilson,  James  Moore  and 
James  Campbell. 

John  Hanna  was  charged  with  having  murdered  John  Deve- 
baugh,  on  the  22d  day  of  June,  1785,  near  the  Catholic  church 
in  Chambersburg,  by  striking  him  with  an  iron  stone  auger. 
The  names  of  the  jurors  who  tried  him  were  Robert  Wilson, 
John  Cunningham,  John  Lawrence,  John  Gaff,  Robert  M'Far- 
land,  Robert  Patton,  James  AVithers,  Matthew  Ferguson,  Wil- 
liam Strain,  John  Young,  Thomas  Lucas  and  James  M'Far- 
land.  The  crime  was  committed  in  the  heat  of  passion,  grow- 
ing out  of  a  sudden  quarrel,  and  strong  efforts  were  made  for 
his  pardon.  Such  was  the  influence  brought  to  bear  in  his 
favor  that  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  at  its  next  meeting, 
on  the  17  th  of  December,  1785,  refused  to  issue  a  warrant  for 
his  execution. 

Josiah  Ramage  was  charged  with  having  killed  his  wife, 
Mary  Ramage,  on  the  24th  of  March,  1785,  in  Letterkenny 
township,  by  striking  her  on  the  head  with  a  pair  of  fire  tongs. 


108  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY, 

The  names  of  the  Jurors  Avho  tried  him  were  John  Youno-,  James 
M'Farland,  James  Withers,  Robert  Davidson,  William  Berry- 
hill,  Robert  M'Farland,  John  Lawrence,  Daniel  Miller,  John 
Cunningham.  William  Strain,  Robert  Wilson  and  Gean  Mor- 
row. 

The  cases  of  Ilanna  and  Ramage  were  again  before  the  Su- 
preme Executive  Council  on  the  Gth  of  April,  17SG,  Avhen  it 
was  ordered  that  they  should  be  executed  on  Wednesday  the 
third  day  of  May,  of  that  year ;  and  they  were  on  that  day 
lumg  by  Jeremiah  Talbot,  the  first  Sheriff  of  the  county,  who 
was  paid  by  the  county  in  the  year  HSS,  a  fee  of  £9,  4  shillings 
therefor. 

A  negro  slave,  named  Jack  Durham,  the  property  of  Andrew 
Long,  of  this  county,  was  convicted  of  the  crime  of  rape,  at  a 
court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  held  on  the  3d  day  of  June,  1788, 
before  Hon.  Thomas  M'Kean,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  Wm,  Augustus  Atlee  and  George  Bryan,  his  asso- 
ciates, and  on  the  21st  of  June  of  that  year  the  Supreme  Ex- 
ecutive Council  ordered  that  his  execution  be  "made  and  done" 
on  Tuesday,  the  8th  day  of  July  following.  John  Johnston, 
the  second  Sheriff  of  our  county,  executed  Durham,  and  wa& 
paid  by  the  county  a  fee  of  £Y,  10  shillings  therefor. 

The  crime  was  committed  at  Southampton  township,  upon 
the  person  of  one  Margaret  Stall.  The  jury  valued  Durham 
at  thirty  pounds,  Pennsylvania  currency,  or  $80,  which  was- 
paid  his  owner  by  the  Commonwealth.  The  names  of  the  jurors 
who  tried  him  were  John  Ray,  George  King,  Robert  M'Cul- 
loch,  James  Erwin,  Robert  Parker,  p]dward  Crawford,  Robert 
Culbertson,  John  M'Mullan,  Henry  Pawling,  John  M'Clellan, 
William  Henderson  and  Joseph  Chambers. 

On  the  12th  day  of  November,  180T,  a  man  named  John  M'- 
Kean  was  convicted  of  the  murder  of  his  wife,  in  Washington 
township,  on  the  30th  of  August  previously,  and  was  executed 
by  Jacob  Snyder,  Esq.,  Sheriff  of  our  county,  on  the  22d  day 
of  December,  1807.  He  was  the  last  man  executed  in  this, 
county. 

The  jury  who  tried  M'Kean  were  Thomas  Anderson,  Henry 
Davis,  John  Witherow,  Christian  Kr^aler,  James  Smith,  David 
Jolm,  William  Brewster,  James  M'Curdy,  (of  James,)  John 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  109 

HoUiday,  David    Kennedy,  John  Irvin  and  Jacob  Smith,  of 
Lurgan. 

John  Mnrtagii,  an  Irisli  railroad  liand  employed  in  the  mak- 
ing of  the  "Tape-worm,''  as  the  railroad  leading  from  (jettys- 
bui'g  towards  Hagerstown  was  called,  was  convicted  at  the 
April  sessions,  1838,  of  the  murder  of  one  of  his  fellow-work- 
men, named  James  M'Glinchey,  and  sentenced  on  the  7th  of 
April,  1838,  to  be  hung,  but  he  became  insane  after  his  convic- 
tion, was  several  times  respited,  and  finally  died  in  prison, 

Ramage  and  Hanna  were  hung  on  the  hill  north  of  the  pre- 
sent residence  of  Jacob  Xixon,  and  Durham  and  ]\['Kean  east 
of  the  present  residence  of  William  M'Lellan,  Esq.,  about 
M'here  the  new  residence  of  James  A.M'Knight  has  been  built. 
Hence  that  hill  was  called  for  many  3'ears  '"Gi-allows  Hill." 

Much  of  the  criminal  business  of  our  county  for  the  last  fifty 
years,  indeed  the  viosf  of  it,  even  up  to,  and  including  the  pre- 
sent period,  has  been  caused  by  the  presence  of  the  large  num- 
ber of  colored  people  amongst  vis.  Our  Commonwealth  hav- 
ing, as  early  as  1180,  passed  "An  Act  for  the  gradual  abolition 
of  slaver}'"  within  her  borders,  it  became  a  common  occurrence 
for  the  free  negroes  of  Maryland  and  Virginia  to  leave  those 
States  and  remove  to  Pennsylvania,  and  our  county  being  im- 
mediately upon  the  dividing  line  between  the  free  and  the 
slave  States,  they  were  content,  as  soon  as  they  got  north  of  that 
line  to  settle  down  and  remain  where  they  were  safe  from  the 
oppressive  laws  of  their  former  condition  of  servitude.  In  many 
instances  the  executors  of  deceased  slave  owners,  who  had 
manumitted  their  slaves,  brought  the  new  freedmen,  sometimes 
numbering  thii'ty  or  forty  in  a  lot,  within  the  borders  of  our 
county,  and  there  left  them  to  provide  for  themselves.  To 
these  causes  it  is  owing  that  we  have  had  so  many  colored  pec- 
l)le  amongst  us.  Some  of  them  were  sober,  industrious  and 
economical,  but  the  greater  part  of  them  were  improvident, 
lazy,  and  addicted  to  the  use  of  strong  drinks  whenever  they 
could  get  them.  Hence  they  were  quarrelsome  and  riotous, 
and  through  their  improvidence  and  laziness  were  frequent!}^ 
before  our  courts  for  fighting  or  stealing,  or  were  the  inmates 
of  our  poor  house,  from  want ;  in  all  cases  taxing  our  trea- 
sury for  their  punishment  and  support. 

To  Penns^dvania  belongs  the  lasting  honor  of  being  the  first 


110  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

one  of  the  "United  Colonies"  to  acknowledge  before  God  and 
the  nations  of  the  v/oiid,  the  duties  and  obligations  resting 
iipon  her  to  do  justice  to  the  colored  people  within  her  borders? 
by  providing  for  their  equality  before  the  law  as  men  ;  and  by 
giving  to  them  and  their  descendants  the  right  to  enjoy  the 
inestimable  i)rivileges  of  life,  liberty  and  hapi)iness,  for  which 
the  war  of  the  revolution  was  then  being  waged  with  Great 
Britain. 

On  the  5tli  of  February,  HTQ,  when  General  Joseph  Reed 
was  President  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  our  State, 
George  Bryan,  Esq.,  Vice  President,  and  James  M'Lene,  Esq., 
a  Councilor  from  the  county  of  Cumberland,  the  Council  called 
the  attention  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  to  the  sub- 
ject of  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  Pennsylvania,  in  language  so 
remarkable,  because  of  its  being  so  much  in  advance  of  the 
sentiments  of  the  people  of  other  sections  of  the  land  at  that 
day,  and  so  different  from  the  views  held  even  now  by  a  great 
many  of  our  people,  both  north  and  south,  that  I  feci  con- 
strained to  give  it  here. 

"  We  think,"  said  they,  "we  are  loudly  called  on  to  evince 
our  gratitude  in  making  our  fellow-men  joint  heirs  with  us  of 
the  same  inestimable  blessings  we  now  enjoy,  under  such  re- 
strictions and  regulations  as  will  not  injure  the  community, 
and  will  impercej^tibl}^  enable  them  to  relish  and  improve  the 
station  to  which  they  will  be  advanced.  Honored  will  that 
State  be  in  the  annals  of  mankind  which  shall  first  abolish  this 
violation  of  the  rights  of  mankind  ;  and  the  memories  of  those 
will  be  held  in  grateful  and  everlasting  remembrance  who  shall 
pass  the  law  to  restore  and  establish  the  rights  of  human  nature 
in  Pennsylvania." 

On  the  first  day  of  March,  1180,  the  representatives  of  the 
Keystone  State  of  the  Union,  in  General  Assembly  met,  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  close  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  Colo- 
nies, then  also  in  session  there,  passed  Pennsylvania's  act  for 
the  gradual  abolition  of  human  slavery.  The  struggle  for  na- 
tional independence  was  then  still  undetermined.  Continental 
currency  had  depreciated  so  much  that  one  dollar  of  specie 
would  purchase  three  thousand  of  curi'ency.  The  British  on 
the  east,  and  tlie  savages  on  the  west,  pressed  hard  upon  the 
struggling  patriots.     The  national  government  was  without 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  Ill 

credit ;  the  army  and  the  navy  were  without  the  material 
needed  to  conduct  the  war  to  a  successful  ending ;  and  all — 
army,  navy,  and  people — were  sadly  straitened  for  the  neces- 
saries of  life.  And  yet,  Pennsylvania's  representatives,  undis- 
maj^ed  by  their  surroundings,  and  unheedful  what  the  repre- 
sentives  in  Congress  of  the  slave-holding  States  of  the  nation 
might  think  of  their  action,  gave  utterance  to  their  views  of 
slavery,  and  the  conclusions  tliey  had  come  to  about  it,  in  lan- 
guage so  beautiful  and  so  forcible,  that  justice  to  their  memory 
impels  me  to  extract  the  Preamble  to  the  law  they  then  enacted, 
long  though  it  be,  as  I  am  satisfied  that  the  great  majority  of 
tlie  people  have  never  seen  or  read  it. 

I.  "When,"  say  they,  '"we  contemplate  our  abhorrence  of 
that  condition,  to  which  the  arms  and  tyranny  of  Great  Bri- 
tain were  exerted  to  reduce  us  ;  when  we  look  back  on  tlie  va- 
riety of  dangers  to  which  we  have  been  exposed,  and  how  mi- 
raculously our  wants,  in  many  instances,  have  been  supplied, 
and  our  deliverance  wrought,  when  even  hope  and  human  for- 
titude have  become  unequal  to  the  conflict,  we  are  unavoida- 
bly led  to  a  serious  and  grateful  sense  of  tlie  manifold  bless- 
ings which  we  have  undeservedly  received  from  the  hand  of 
that  Being  from  whom  every  good  and  perfect  gift  cometh. 
Impressed  with  these  ideas,  we  conceive  that  it  is  our  duty, 
and  we  rejoice  tliat  it  is  in  our  power,  to  extend  a  portion  of 
that  freedom  to  others  which  hath  been  extended  to  us,  and 
release  from  that  state  of  thraldom,  to  which  we  ourselves  were 
tyrannically  doomed,  and  from  which  we  liave  now  every  pros- 
pect of  being  delivered.  It  is  not  for  us  to  enquire  why,  in 
the  creation  of  mankind,  the  inhabitants  of  the  several  parts  of 
the  earth  were  distinguished  by  a  difference  in  feature  or  com- 
plexion. It  is  sufficient  to  know  that  all  are  the  loork  of  an 
Almighty  hand.  We  find  in  the  distribution  of  the  human 
species,  that  the  most  fertile,  as  well  as  the  most  barren  parts 
of  the  earth  arc  inhabited  by  men  of  complexions  different 
from  ours,  and  from  each  other  ;  from  whence  we  may  reason- 
ably, as  well  as  religiousl}^,  infer,  that  He  who  placed  them  in 
their  various  situations  hath  extended  equally'  His  care  and 
protection  to  all,  and  that  it  becometh  not  us  to  counteract 
His  mercies.  We  esteem  it  a  peculiar  blessing  granted  to  us, 
that  we  are  enabled  this  day  to  add  one  more  step  to  universal 


112  mSTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

civilization  by  removing  as  nmcli  as  possible  the  sorrows  of  those 
who  have  lived  in  undeserved  bondage,  and  from  which  by  the 
assumed  authority  of  the  kings  of  Great  Britain,  no  effectual, 
legal  relief  could  be  obtained.  Weaned  by  a  long  course  of 
experience,  from  the  narrow  prejudices  and  partialities  we  had 
imbibed,  we  find  our  hearts  enlarged  with  kindness  and  be- 
nevolence towards  men  of  all  conditions  and  nations ;  and  we 
conceive  ourselves  at  this  particular  period  extraordinarily^ 
called  upon,  by  the  blessings  which  we  have  receiA'ed,  to  inani- 
fest  the  sincerity  of  our  profession,  and  to  give  a  substantial 
2)roof  of  our  gratitude." 

II.  "And  whereas,  the  condition  of  those  persons,  who  have 
heretofore  been  denominated  negro  and  mulatto  slaves,  has 
been  attended  with  circumstances,  which  not  only  deprived 
them  of  the  common  blessings  that  they  were  by  nature  en- 
titled to,  but  has  east  them  into  the  deepest  afflictions,  hy  an 
unnatural  sejiaration  and  sale  of  husljand  and  wife  from  each 
other,  and  from  their  children,  an  injury-,  the  greatness  of 
which  can  only  be  conceived  by  supposing  that  we  were  in  the 
same  unhappy  case.  In  justice,  therefore,  to  persons  so  un- 
happily circumstanced,  and  who,  having  no  prospect  before 
them  wherein  they  may  rest  their  sorrows  and  their  hopes ; 
have  no  reasonable  inducement  to  render  their  service  to  soci- 
ety, which  they  otherwise  might,  and  also  in  grateful  com- 
memoration of  our  own  happy  deliverance  from  that  state  of 
unconditional  submission  to  which  we  were  doomed  by  the 
tyranny  of  Great  Britain."     Therefore  be  it  enacted,  &c. 

How  different  these  ideas  and  purposes  from  those  enter- 
tained by  many  persons,  especially  in  the  southern  States,  at 
the  present  day.  ?s"otwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  the  supreme  law  of  the  land,  gives 
to  all  men,  of  every  class  and  color,  equal  rights  and  privileges, 
its  provisions  are  wdiolly  disregarded  in  many  sections  of  the 
Union,  to  the  everlasting  disgrace  of  the  nation  and  the  States 
permitting  it. 

It  is  to  be  deplored  that  the  criminal  biisiness  of  our  county 
has  so  greatly  increased  of  late  years.  It  is  now  a  vast  and 
constantly  increasing  burthen  to  our  people.  Twenty-five  years 
ago  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  was  one  that  a  law3'er 
in  full  practice  cared  not  to  accept,  because,  whilst  it  gave 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  113 

considerable  trouble  to  the  bolder  of  the  office,  the  fees 
received  from  it  afforded  no  adequate  compensation  for  the 
labor  connected  with  the  discharge  of  its  duties.  But  now 
the  office  of  District  Attorney  is  amongst  the  most  desirable 
and  lucrative  j^ositions  in  the  gift  of  our  people,  all  things 
considered.  Much  of  the  increased  expenditure  in  our  crim- 
inal courts  is  attributable  to  the  indiscriminate  entertainment 
by  magistrates  of  charges  for  petty  oftences  that  should  never 
-have  been  dignified  by  being  brought  before  a  court  and  jury. 

OUR  MILITARY  RECORD. 

In  the  earl}'  days  of  the  settlement  of  the  Cumberland 
Talley,  whilst  this  part  of  it  was  yet  in  Lancaster  and  Cum- 
berland counties,  there  were  quite  a  number  of  our  citizens 
who  figured  prominently  in  the  military  matters  of  the  day. 
Indian  forays,  murders,  pursuits  and  fights  were  quite  fre- 
quent, and  numerous  lives  were  lost  in  them.  Of  those  brave 
and  hardy  pioneers,  in  most  instances,  we  know  nothing  but 
their  names.  They  were  more  active  in  making  history  than 
in  writing  it ;  and  of  many  of  them  we  have  no  records  except 
such  as  are  traditional.  Of  others  the  historians  have  spoken 
here  and  there,  and  it  is  their  deeds  and  fame  that  I  wish  to 
rescue  from  oblivion. 

Among  the  earliest  of  these  of  whom  we  have  any  reliable 
account  is  Colonel  James  Smith,  a  native  of  Peters  township, 
in  our  count3\  In  May,  1*155,  whilst  engaged  with  others  in 
opening  a  road  from  Fort  Loudon  to  Bedford,  he  was  captured 
by  the  Indians.  He  was  subsequently  adopted  in  the  Caugli- 
newaga  tribe,  remained  with  them  until  1Y59,  then  escaped  to 
Montreal,  and  got  home  in  1760.  In  1763  he  was  actively 
engaged  against  the  Indians  as  a  captain  of  rangers.  He  next 
served  as  an  ensign  in  the  English  Provincial  army.  In  1764 
lie  took  service  under  General  John  Armstrong,  and  was 
a  lieutenant  in  Bouquet's  expedition  against  the  savages.  In 
1765  he  was  the  leader  of  a  band  of  settlers  who  burnt  the 
goods  of  some  Indian  traders  because  they  had  with  them 
powder  and  lead,  which  they  feared  would  be  sold  in  the  west 
to  the  Indians,  and  be  used  against  the  frontier  settlements. 
A  number  of  the  residents  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mercers- 
burg  and  Fort  Loudon,  who  had  nothing  to  do  with  this  burn- 
8 


114  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

ing,  were  arrested  by  the  British  troops  and  confined  at  Fort 
Loudon.  Smith  and  his  "boys'^  rallied  to  the  rescue,  and  soon 
took  more  of  the  soldiers  (llighlanders)  prisoners  than  there 
were  of  their  friends  confined  at  the  fort.  An  exchange  was 
effected  and  Smith's  neighbors  were  released. 

In  1769  some  settlers  were  arrested  and  confined  in  Fort 
Bedford  for  their  alleged  former  participation  in  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  goods  of  the  Indian  traders.  Smith  raised  a  com- 
pany, marched  to  Bedford,  captured  the  fort  and  all  its  garrison, 
and  liberated  the  men.  Some  time  afterwards  he  was  arrested 
for  this  act,  and  in  the  struggle  his  travelling  companion  was 
shot  and  killed.  He  was  charged  with  the  shooting,  was 
arrested  and  imprisoned  at  Bedford,  and  subsequently  taken 
to  Carlisle  for  trial,  the  ofiense  having  been  committed  in 
Cumberland  county.  A  body  of  six  hundred  of  his  old  com- 
panions and  neighbors  assembled  as  soon  as  they  heard  of  his 
arrest,  marched  to  Carlisle  and  demanded  his  release.  Smith 
refused  to  be  released,  made  a  speech  to  his  friends,  and  coun- 
seled them  to  return  home,  which  they  did.  He  remained  in 
prison  for  four  months,  was  tried  before  the  Supreme  Court 
at  Carlisle,  in  1169,  and  acquitted.  Shortly  after  he  was 
elected  and  serA'ed  for  three  years  as  a  County  Commissioner 
in  Bedford  count}-,  then  removed  to  Westmoreland  county  and 
served  there  three  years  in  the  same  ottice.  In  1*774  he  was 
captain  of  a  company  o})erating  against  the  Indians.  In  1776 
he  commanded  a  company  of  rangers  in  New  Jersey,  and  with 
thirty-six  men  defeated  a  detachment  of  two  hundred  Hes- 
sians, taking  a  number  prisoners.  In  1776  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Convention  of  Pennsylvania  from  Westmore- 
land county.  In  1777  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
from  that  county,  and  re-elected  as  long  as  he  desired  to  serve- 
In  1777  General  Washington  offered  him  a  commission  as 
major,  but  not  liking  the  colonel  of  the  battalion,  he  declined 
it.  Whilst  serving  in  the  Assembly  he  applied  for  and  got 
leave  of  absence  to  raise  a  battalion  of  rifle  rangers  to  serve 
against  the  British  in  New  Jersey.  James  M'Cammont,  of 
this  county,  was  the  major  under  him,  and  when,  afterwards, 
Colonel  Smith  was  taken  sick,  took  the  command  of  his  troops 
and  did  good  service.  In  1778  he  was  commissioned  a  colonel,, 
and  served  against  the  western  Indians.     In  the  expedition' 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  115 

against  the  French  Creek  Indians  he  commanded  a  battalion 
of  four  hundred  riflemen,  and  did  good  service.  In  the  year 
1788  he  removed  to  Bourbon  count}',  Kentucky,  where  he 
served  in  the  State  Convention  and  in  the  Legislature  eantin- 
uously  till  1799,  and  died  about  the  beginning  of  the  pi^esent 
century. 

Major  General  James  Potter  was  anotlier  of  these  ancient 
worthies.  He  was  a  son  of  John  Potter,  the  first  Sheriff  of 
Cumberland  count  v.  In  1758  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  Colonei 
Armstrong's  battalion  from  this  and  Cumberland  counties. 
On  the  26th  of  July,  1764,  he  appears  in  command  «>f  the- 
company  of  settlers  who  were  pursuing  the  Indians  who  mur- 
dered the  schoolmaster  and  children  at  Guitner's  school  house,, 
a  few  miles  south-west  of  Marion.  He  subsequently  reiaO'VecT 
to  what  is  ifow  Centre  count}-,  where  he  purchased  a  large- 
body  of  land,  and  built  a  stockade  fort,  widely  known  in  those 
days  as  "Potter's  Fort."  He  was  appointed  a  brigadier  gen- 
eral April  5th,  1777,  and  a  major  general  May  23d,  1782.  He- 
was  Vice  President  of  tlie  State  in  1781,  and  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  Censors  in  1784  and  on  one  occasion  came  withirt 
one  vote  of  being  made  President  of  the  State.  In  the  3'ear 
1789,  having  received  an  injury,  he  came  to  his  daughter's., 
Mrs.  Poe,  near  Marion,  to  have  the  advantage  of  the  advice 
and  attendance  of  Dr.  John  M'Lellan,  of  Greencastle.  He- 
died  there  in  the  fall  of  that  year,  and  was  buried  in  the- 
Brown's  Mill  grave-yard.  No  monumental  stone  marks  the 
i:)lace  of  his  repose. 

Major  James  M'Calmont  (or  M'Cammont,  as  he  wrote  his. 
name)  was  another  of  the  celebrated  men  of  this  region  of' 
our  State  in  the  last  century.  He  was  born  in  Letterkenny 
township,  in  this  county,  near  where  the  town  of  Strasbnrg: 
now  stands,  in  the  year  1739.  He  grew  up  surrounded  by  all 
the  dangers  and  excitements  of  a  frontier  life.  ATith  the  hills 
and  dales  of  iiis  native  district,  and  all  the  wild  recesses  of  its. 
'  neighboring  mountains,  he  was  perfectly  familiar.  His  soul- 
delighted  in  tiie  free  air  of  the  woods.  He  was  slvilled  in  the 
use  of  the  rifle,  and  fear  was  an  emotion  unknown  to  his; 
nature.  His  swiftness  of  foot  was  most  extraordinary,  and 
obtained  for  him  the  cognomen  of  "Supple  M'Cammont."  He 
was  generally  selected  as  the  leader  of  the  parties  called  iiit<a. 


116  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF    FRAKKLIN    COUNTY. 

service  to  pursue  the  savages  whenever  tliey  made  an  incur- 
sion into  the  neighborliood  of  his  place  of  residence  ;  and  so 
successful  was  he  in  tracing  the  route  of  their  retreat,  or  dis- 
covering their  haunts  ;  and  so  summary  was  the  vengeance 
intlicted  upon  them  through  liis  efforts,  that  he  soon  became 
quite  celebrate:!  as  an  Indian  scout,  and  was  acknowledged 
by  the  savages  as  a  daring  and  formidable  foe.  He  was  an 
ardent  patriot,  and  when  the  revolution  broke  out  hastened  to 
enter  the  service  of  his  countr}-.  When  the  British  occupied 
Philadelphia  he  had  command  of  a  troop  of  rangers,  whose 
iDUsiness  it  was  to  prevent  the  Tories  of  the  interior  furnish- 
ing provisions  to  tlieir  friends  in  the  cit}',  Whilst  on  duty 
one  time  in  Xew^  Jersey,  he  captured  a  number  of  Hessians, 
Avhom  he  induced  to  locate  near  Strasburg,  and  whose  descen- 
sdants  are  there  yet.  He  served  as  major  of  the  sixth  battalion 
•of  the  Cumberland  county  troops  in  the  revolutionar}^  armji 
under  command  of  Col.  Samuel  Culbertson  of  this  county, 
4jnd  also  as  a  major  of  a  battalion  of  rifle  rangers,  under  Col. 
James  Smith,  and  was  known  as  a  brave  and  accomplished 
soldier.  He  was  one  of  the  trustees  appointed  b}'  the  Legis- 
lature to  build  a  court  house  and  jail  for  our  county.  He  was 
-a  member  of  the  House  of  Kepresentatives  from  this  county 
for  the  years  n84-'85,  1785-'86,  ITBG-'ST,  and  n8t-'88  ;  and 
in  1*789  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  our  courts,  and 
reappointed  foui'th  Associate  Judge,  under  the  constitution  of 
ITOO,  on  the  17th  of  August,  1791,  which  position  he  held 
nntil  his  death,  on  the  19th  of  July,  1809.  He  was  then 
seventy-two  3'cars  of  age,  and  lies  buried  at  the  Rocky  Spring 
church. 

Another  of  our  ancient  worthies,  whose  daring  adventures 
have  been  pored  over  by  every  school  bo}^  in  the  land,  was 
■Captain  Samuel  Brady,  the  celebrated  Indian  scout.  He  was 
Ijorn  at  Shippensburg  in  1756  or  1758.  Though  not  a  native 
of  our  count}',  yet  on  our  soil  many  of  his  earlier  days  were 
spent  in  roaming  our  hills  and  dales. 

"lie  knew  each  pathway  through  the  wood, 
Each  dell  uiiwarined  by  sunshine's  gleam  ; 

Where  the  brown  pheasant  led  her  brood, 
Or  wild  deer  came  to  drink  the  stream." 

The  first  drum-tap  of  the  revolution  called  him  to  arms, 

find  he  commenced  his  services  at  Boston,  and  was  in  most  of 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  117 

the  principal  engagements  of  the  war.  At  tlie  battle  of 
Princeton  he  served  under  Colonel  Hand,  and  at  the  massacre 
of  Paoli  he  barely  escaped  capture.  After  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincj'  and  ordered  to  Fort  Pitt 
to  join  General  ]5roadhead,  with  whom  he  became  a  great  favor- 
ite, and  by  whom  he  was  almost  constantly  employed  in  scout- 
ing. The  murder  of  his  father  and  l)rother  in  n78-'79,  by  the 
Indians,  turned  the  current  of  his  hatred  against  the  treach- 
erous red  man,  and  it  never  died  out.  A  more  implacable  foe 
never  lived.  Day  and  night,  year  in  and  year  out,  he  lived 
only  to  kill  Indians.  Being  well  skilled  in  all  the  m^^steries  of 
woodcraft,  he  followed  the  trail  of  his  enemies  with  all  the 
tenacit}^,  fierceness  and  silence  of  a  sleuth  hound.  Most  of  his 
exploits  took  place  in  Ohio,  north-western  Pennsylvania,  and 
western  New  York.  He  was  a  dread  terror  to  the  Indians,  and 
a  tower  of  strength  to  the  whites.  He  commanded  the  advance 
guard  of  General  Brodhead's  troops  in  the  expedition  against 
the  Indians  of  the  upper  Alleghen}-  in  the  year  1780,  and  he 
and  his  rangers  aided  greatlj^  in  defeating  the  savages  under 
Bald  Eagle  and  Corn  Planter,  at  the  place  now  known  as 
Brady's  Bend.  Of  his  famous  "leap"  of  more  than  twenty- 
five  feet  across  the  Cuyahoga  river,  and  his  other  numerous 
and  daring  adventures  and  hair-breadth  escapes,  I  will  not 
speak.  The  books  are  full  of  them.  He  died  at  West  Liberty, 
West  Virginia,  about  the  year  1800. 

Colonel  Joseph  Armstrong  was  an  early  settler  in  Hamilton 
township,  in  this  county.  In  17o5  he  organized  a  company  of 
rangers  for  the  protection  of  the  frontier  against  the  incur- 
sions of  the  Indians.  The  names  of  his  subordinate  officers 
are  now  unknown,  but  the  following  is  the  roll  of  the  men 
who  composed  his  compan}" : 

TRIVATES. 

John  Armstrong,  Samuel  Brown 

Thomas  Armstrong,  Samuel  Brown, 

James  Barnet,  John  Boyd, 

John  Barnet,  Alexander  Caldwell, 

Joshua  Barnet,  Robert  Caldwell, 

Thomas  Barnet,  Sr  ,  James  Dinney, 

Thomas  Barnet,  Jr.,  William  Dinney, 


118 


HISTOIIICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


Robert  Dixson, 
*  William  Dixsoii, 
James  Eaton, 
John  Eaton, 
Joslnia  Eaton, 
'*James  Elder, 
'George  Gallery, 
Robert  Groin, 
James  Gnthrie, 
John  Hind  man, 
Abram  Irwin, 
Christopher  Irwin, 
vJohn  Irwin, 
John  Jones, 
James  M'Camant,  Sr., 
James  M'Camant,  Jf., 
Charles  M'Camant, 
James  M'Camish, 
John  M'Camish, 
William  M'Camish, 
Robert  M'Connell, 
■John  M'Cord, 
William  M'Cord, 
Jonathan  M'Kearney, 
John  Maehan, 
James  Mitchell, 
John  Mitchell. 


Joshna  Mitchell, 
William  Mitchell, 
Jon.  Moore, 
James  Norrice, 
John  Norrice, 
James  Patterson, 
Joshua  Patterson, 
William  Rankin, 
Jon.  Rippe}, 
Barnet  Robertson, 
Francis  Scott, 
James  Scott, 
Patrick  Scott, 
William  Scott, 
David  Shields, 
Matthew  Shields,  Sr., 
Matthew  Shields,  Jr., 
Robert  Shields,  Sr., 
Robert  Shields,  Jr., 
Jon.  Swan, 
Joshua  Sw^an, 
William  Swan, 
Charles  Stuart, 
Daniel  Stuart, 
John  Stuart, 
Devard  Williams, 
Jon.  Wilson. 


He  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly-  in  ITSG-'St  and 
"^58.  He  commanded  a  company  of  militia,  (most  likely  the 
icompan}^  of  rangers  above  named,)  under  General  Broadhead, 
:at  the  destruction  of  the  Indian  town  of  Kittanning,  on  the  8tli 
of  September,  1156.  Was  paymaster  of  the  Colony  in  the 
•building  of  the  great  road  from  Fort  Loudon  to  Pittsburg,  and 
in  December,  IT 76,  raised  a  battalion  of  troops  in  the  county 
of  Cumberland  (the  5th  battalion)  and  marched  with  them  to 
the  vdefenee  of  Philadelphia.  The  following  pei'sons  com- 
imaMfled  the  companies  of  his  battalion,  viz  :  John  Andrew, 
.Samuel  Patton,  John  M'Connell,  William  Thompson,  (after- 
wards a  brig-adier  general,)  Charles  Maclay,  James  M'Kee, 
John  ]VIartin,  John  Rea,  (afterw'ards  a  brigadier  general,) 
•Jokai  Murph}^,  George  Matthews  and  John  Boggs.     This  bat- 

*Wm.  Dixson  was  the  grandfather  of  Col.  W.  D.  Dixson,  of  St.  Thomas 
township,  and  James  Elder  was  the  grandfather  of  Col.  James  G.  Elder, 
•of  Cham  bers(jurg. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  119 

talion  -was  raised  in  Hamilton,  Letterkenny  and  Lurgan  town- 
sliips,  and  tradition  says  that  they  were  the  flower  of  the  val- 
ley, brave,  hardy  and  resolute  Presbj'-terians,  nearly  all  mem- 
bers of  the  old  Rock}'  Spring  church.  Captain  M'Clay's  com- 
pany numbered  one  hundred  men,  raised  in  old  Lurgan  town- 
ship, each  man  over  six  feet  in  height.  This  company  suffered 
severely  in  the  surprise  of  Brigadier  General  John  Lacj-'s  com- 
mand at  '-Crooked  Billet,"  in  Bucks  county,  on  the  morning 
of  the  4th  of  Maj-,  1778.  Captain  Maclay  and  nearly  one-half 
of  his  men  were  killed,  and  man}--  were  wounded.  General 
Lacy,  in  his  report  of  the  battle,  says  '"that  the  wounded  were 
butchered  in  a  manner  the  most  brutal  savages  could  not 
equal ;  even  while  living,  some  were  thrown  into  buckwheat 
straw,  and  the  straw  set  on  fire  and  burnt  up."  And  this  re- 
port is  borne  out  by  the  testimonj'  of  persons  residing  in  the 
vicinity,  who  saw  the  partially  consumed  bodies  in  the  fire. 

Another  of  these  ancient  worthies,  whom  it  would  be  a  gross 
injustice  not  to  mention  in  this  connection,  was  the  Rev.  John 
Steele.  He  was  called  to  the  charge  of  the  Presbj'terian 
churches  of  East  and  "West  Conococheague,  now  Greencastle 
and  Mercersburg,  about  the  year  1751  or  1752.  He  came  to 
our  county  at  a  time  when  the  country'  was  greatly  disturbed 
b}^  the  incursions  of  the  hostile  Indians  of  the  west.  Though 
ii  man  of  peace,  and  engaged  in  teaching  the  doctrines  of  his 
Divine  Master,  yet  his  heart  burned  within  him  at  the  suffer- 
ings inflicted  upon  his  parishioners  and  neighbors,  and  he 
speedily  organized  a  company  of  rangers  for  their  defence,  of 
which  he  was  unanimously  elected  the  captain,  and  was  com- 
missioned l\y  the  colonial  government.  After  the  disastrous 
defeat  of  General  Braddock  in  1755,  the  Indians  again  swept 
over  the  western  and  south-western  part  of  our  county,  mur- 
dering and  plundering  the  settlers,  and  Mr.  Steele's  congrega- 
tions were  for  a  time  almost  broken  up  and  dispersed.  Fre- 
quent mention  is  made  of  Mr.  Steele  and  his  men  in  the  his- 
tory- of  those  troublous  times.  Rev.  D.  K.  Richardson,  in  his 
Centennial  Sermon  in  relation  to  the  Presbyterian  church  of 
Greencastle,  delivered  August  15th,  1876,  sa3-s  :  ''At  onetime 
lie  was  in  charge  of  Fort  Allison,  located  just  west  of  town, 
near  what  afterwards  became  the  site  of  M'Caviley's  Mill.  The 
cono-resatiou  had  assembled  in  a  barn  standing  on  the  farm  now 


120  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

owned  1)3'  Adam  B.  Wingerd,  Esq.  They  brought  their  arms 
with  them.  When  Mr.  Steele  entered  the  rude  })uli)it  which 
had  been  erected  he  hung  his  hat  and  riUe  behind  him.  The 
male  members  of  the  congregation  sat  listening  to  the  gospel 
message  with  their  arms  at  their  side.  While  in  the  midst  of 
his  discourse,  some  one  appeared  and  quietly  called  a  member 
•of  the  congregation  out,  and  told  him  of  the  murder  of  a  fam- 
ily of  the  name  of  Walker,  by  the  Indians,  at  what  is  now 
known  as  Kankin's  Mill.  The  awful  story  was  soon  whispered 
from  one  to  another.  As  soon  as  Mr.  Steele  discovered  what 
had  taken  place  he  brought  the  services  to  a  close,  took  down 
his  hat  and  rifle,  and,  at  the  head  of  the  members  of  his  con- 
gregation, went  in  pursuit  of  the  murderers." 

His  "meeting-house"  on  the  West  Conococheague  was  turned 
into  a  fort,  was  stockaded  for  defence,  and  often  was  the  refuge 
of  the  neighboring  people  when  the  countr}'  was  invaded  by 
the  Indians.  It  was  afterAvards  burned  by  the  savages  in  one 
of  their  forays. 

About  the  year  1763  or  1764,  Mr.  Steele  took  charge  of  the 
Presbyterian  congregations  of  Carlise  and  lower  Pennsbor- 
ough,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days.  When  the 
revolutionary  war  broke  out  the  people  of  this  valley  responded 
to  the  call  of  their  country  with  zeal  and  unanimity.  Eleven, 
companies  were  raised  in  Cumberland  county  in  a  few  days. 
Hon.  George  Chambers,  in  his  tribute  to  the  early  Scotch- 
Irish  settlers,  says:  "The  compau}'  in  the  lead  in  July,  1776, 
from  Carlisle,  was  that  under  the  command  of  the  Reverend 
Captain  John  Steele,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  congregation 
worshipping  in  or  near  Carlisle.  In  the  Indian  wars  he  had 
acquired  military  training  and  experience,  which  were  now  at 
the  service  of  his  country  against  the  army  of  his  late,  but 
now  rejected,  royal  master." 

One  of  the  most  prominent  of  the  military  families  of  our 
county  in  those  early  daj'S  was  the  "Johnstons,"  of  Antrim 
township.  James  Johnston,  senior,  settled  about  two  and  one- 
half  miles  east  of  Greencastle,  near  where  Shady  Grove  now  is,. 
about  1735.  He  died  about  1765,  leaving  a  large  estate  and 
four  sons  and  several  daughters.  Colonel  James  Johnston^ 
the  eldest  son,  was  a  soldier  in  the  revolution,  and  commanded 
a  battalion  from  this  county  at  various  points  in  New  Jersey. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  121 

He  died  about  the  year  1814.  Colonel  Thomas  Johnston,  the 
second  son,  was  adjutant  of  the  detachment  of  troops  under 
General  Wayne  which  was  surprised  and  slaughtered  by  the 
British  at  Paoli,  September  20th,  1777.  He  twice  served  as 
colonel  in  the  revolutionary  Avar.     He  died  about  the  year  1819, 

Dr.  Robert  Johnston,  of  Antrim  township,  the  third  son,  was 
appointed  surgeon  to  Colonel  William  Irvine's  battalion,  from 
this  county,  on  the  16th  January,  1776,  and  served  his  country 
in  that  capacity  throughout  the  whole  war  of  the  revolution. 
He  was  present,  as  hospital  surgeon  in  the  southern  depart- 
ment, at  the  surrender  of  the  British  army  under  Lord  Corn- 
wallis,  at  Yorktown,  Virginia,  in  October,  1781,  and  in  1790 
was  appointed  collector  of  excise  for  Franklin  county.  He 
was  also  i^ubsequently  appointed  by  President  Jefferson,  with 
whom  he  was  very  familiar,  United  States  revenue  collector 
for  western  Pennsylvania.  His  acquaintance  with  the  leading 
officers  and  men  of  the  revolution  was  ver}"^  large,  and  many  of 
them  were  wont  to  spend  much  of  their  time  at  his  hospitable 
residence,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  south  of  Greencastle» 
Tradition  sa3^s  that  President  Washington  stopped  there  and 
dined  with  the  family  when  going  westward  to  inspect  the  Ma- 
ryland and  Virginia  troops  called  out  to  aid  in  suppressing 
the  whisky  insurrection  of  1 794.  Lieutenant  Genei'al  Winfield 
Scott  was  also,  in  his  youthful  da^^s,  a  visitor  at  '"Johnston's" 
as  well  as  many  others  of  his  compatriots,  and  of  the  literati 
of  those  times. 

Robert  Johnston  made  a  visit  to  China  about  the  commence- 
ment of  the  present  century,  and  brought  back  many  rare  cu- 
riosities from  that  far  distant  countr3^  He  died  about  the 
year  1808. 

John  Johnston,  the  youngest  son,  at  the  age  of  twenty 
years,  raised  a  troop  of  horse  and  marched  them  to  Lancaster, 
but  their  services  not  being  needed  they  returned  home.  He 
subsequently  removed  to  Westmoreland  count}',  where  he  died 
about  the  year  1825. 

Another  of  our  native-born  military  men  of  "ye  olden  time," 
and  one  whose  patriotism,  zeal  and  bravery  did  honor  to  the 
place  of  his  nativit}',  was  Brigadier  General  James  Chambers. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Colonel  Benjamin  Chambers,  the 
founder  of  Chambersburg,  and  in  June,  1775.  marched,  as  the 


122  IIISTRMCAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

captain  of  a  company  of  riflemen  raised  in  Cliambersburg  and 
vicinity,  to  the  siege  of  Boston.  Tlie  battle  of  Bunker  Hill 
was  fought  June  17th,  1775,  and  Dr.  Egle,  in  his  recent  history 
of  Pennsylvania,  says  :  "Within  ten  days  after  the  news  of  the 
battle  of  Bunker's  Hill  reaching  the  province  of  Pennsylvania, 
her  first  rifle  regiment  was  officered  and  completed,  many  of 
the  companies  numbering  one  hundred  men.  It  was  com- 
manded by  Colonel  William  Thompson,  of  Cumberland  county, 
whom  Lossing,  by  mistake,  credits  to  Virginia.  The  compa- 
nies were  severally  under  the  command  Captains  James  Cham- 
bers, Robert  Cluggage,  Michael  Doudel,  William  Hendricks, 
John  Lowden,  James  Ross,  Matthew  Smith  and  George  Nagel. 
The  regiment,  upon  its  organization,  at  once  marched  to  the 
relief  of  Boston,  where  they  arrived  about  the  last  of  July. 
They  were  the  first  companies  south  of  the  Hudson  to  arrive 
in  Massachusetts,  and  naturally  excited  much  attention.  They 
were  stout  and  hardy  yeomanry,  the  flower  of  Pennsylvania's 
frontiersmen,  and,  according  to  Thatcher,  "remarkable  for  the 
accuracy  of  their  aim."  This  command  became,  in  January, 
1776,  the  _/irs^  regiment  of  the  ai^mij  of  the  United  Colonies^ 
commanded  by  General  George  Washington.-''  Two  companies 
of  this  battalion.  Captains  Smith  and  Hendricks,  were  subse- 
quently ordered  to  accompany  General  Arnold  in  his  unsuc- 
cessful expedition  to  Quebec.  Their  term  of  service  was  for 
one  year. 

This  regiment  was  enlisted  under  a  resolution  of  Congress, 
dated  June  14th,  1775,  authorizing  the  raising  of  six  compa- 
nies of  expert  riflemen  in  Pcnnsjdvania,  ten  in  Maryland  and 
two  in  Virginia,  to  join  the  army  at  Boston.  Each  company 
to  contain  one  captain,  three  lieutenants,  four  sergeants,  one 
corporal,  one  drummer  and  sixty-eight  privates.  The  com- 
missions of  the  officers  bear  date  25th  June,  1775. 

The  companies  rendezvoused  at  Reading,  where  the  regi- 
ment was  organized  by  the  election  of  Wm.  Thompson,  of 
Carlisle,  colonel,  Edward  Hand,  of  Lancaster,  lieutenant 
colonel,  and  Robert  Magaw,  of  Carlisle,  major.  It  marched 
at  once  to  Boston  by  way  of  Easton,  through  northern  New 
Jersey,  crossing  the  Hudson  river  at  New  W^indsor,  a  few  miles 
north  of  West  Point,  and  arrived  in  camp  at  Cambridge, 
according  to  the  latest  authorities,  in  the  beginning  of  August, 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  123 

1775.  At  this  time  tlie  regiment  liad  three  field  officers,  nine 
captains,  twenty-seven  lieutenants,  one  adjutant,  one  quarter- 
master, one  surgeon,  one  surgeon's  mate,  twenty-nine  sergeants, 
thirteen  drummers  and  seven  hundred  and  thirteen  rank  and 
file  fit  for  duty. 

Captain  Chambers'  company  was  the  onl\'  one  in  the  regi- 
ment, so  far  as  I  know,  that  was  raised  within  the  bounds  of 
our  present  count}'.  I  therefore  was  very  anxious  to  get  a 
complete  roll  of  it,  believing  that  our  people  would  be  pleased 
to  have  a  knowledge  of  the  names  of  the  first  patriot  soldiers 
who  left  our  county  to  battle  for  the  independence  of  the 
United  Colonies.  For  a  long  time  I  searched  in  vain  for  this 
roll,  at  Harrisburg,  at  Philadelphia,  and  at  Washington  cit}', 
and  I  feared  I  would  not  succeed  in  getting  it.  But  recently 
the  rolls  of  the  regiment  were  found  among  the  papers  of 
Colonel  Hand  of  Lancaster  county,  who  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  regiment  upon  the  capture  of  Colonel  Thomp- 
son, and  through  the  kindness  of  Hon.  John  B.  Linn,  Deputy 
Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  I  am  able  to  give  the  com- 
plete roll  of  Captain  Chambers'  company.  It  is  as  follows, 
viz. : 

ROLL    OF    CAPTxilN    CHAMBERS'    COMPANY. 

James  Chambers,  Captain,  Benj.  Carson, 

James  Grier,  Lst  Lieut.,  Wm.  Chestne}', 

Nathan  M'Connell,  2d  Lieut.,  John  Dermont, 

Thos.  Buchanan,  Sd  Lieut.,  Joseph  Eaton, 

David  Hay,  Sergeant,  John  Everly, 

Arthur  Andrews,  Sergeant,  Abijah  Fairchild, 

Alex.  Crawford,  Sergeant,  James  Furmoil, 

David  Bo}^!,  John  Fidd, 

John  Bi'andon,  Wm.  Gildersleeve, 

Johnson  Brooks,  Richard  Henne}', 

James  Black,  Peter  Hogan, 

Thomas  Beatty,  George  Houseman, 

David  Biddle,  John  Hutchinson, 

Michael  Benker,  Thomas  Hutchinson, 

Archibald  Brown,  Charles  Irwin, 

Black  Brown,  Francis  Jamiesou, 

John  Brown,  Rolrt  Joblier, 

Wm.  Barnett,  Andrew  Johnston, 

Timothy  Campbell,  George  Justice, 

Wm.  Campbell,  Andrew  Keith, 


124  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Lewis  Kcttleng,  Patrick  M'Gaw, 

Michael  Kelly,  Thomas  Mason, 

Thomas  Kell}-,  Patrick  Is'eale, 

Silas  Leonard,  Wm.  Parker, 

David  Liikens,  David  Eiddle, 

Thos.  Lochry,  Thomas  Rogers, 

Patrick  Logan,  Nicholas  Sawyer, 

Nicholas  Lowrie,  Joseph  Scott, 

John  liynch,  Jacob  Shnte, 

John  M'Cosh,  Moses  Skinner, 

James  M'p]leve,  Timothy  Stiles. 

John  M'Donald,  Patrick  Sullivan, 

Michael  M'Gibson,  James  Sweeney, 

Cornelius  M'Giggan,  James  Symns,    / 

Jas.  M'Haff'ey,  Thomas  Yaughn. 
John  M'Murtrie, 

On  the  26th  of  August,  1775,  Captain  Chambers  commanded 
a  detachment  of  four  hundred  men,  drawn  from  the  Cumber- 
land county  companies,  sent  out  to  Prospect  Hill  and  Ploughed 
Hill,  near  Boston,  to  protect  a  force  of  about  two  thousand 
men  who  were  erecting  a  redoubt  upon  the  latter  hill.  On 
the  7th  of  March,  1776,  he  was  promoted  to  the  lieutenant 
colonelcy  of  his  regiment,  vice  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hand,  ap- 
pointed Colonel  in  the  place  of  Colonel  Thompson,  who  had 
been  commissioned  a  Brigadier  General  on  the  first  of  the 
month.  He  was  soon  after  ordered  to  Long  Island,  in  the 
vicinity  of  New  York.  He  was  in  the  battle  of  Flatbush,  on. 
the  22d  of  August,  1776,  and  also  in  that  at  King's  Bridge, 
In  his  report  of  the  operations  at  Flatbush  he  says  that  "Cap- 
tain John  Steele  acted  with  great  bravery."  On  the  30th  of 
August,  1776,  the  Pennsylvania  troops  were  selected  as  a  corjis- 
de-reserve  to  cover  the  rear  of  the  patriot  army  in  their  retreat 
from  Long  Island.  That  body  was  composed  of  Colonel 
Hand's  regiment  of  which  Chambers  was  Lieutenant  Colonel, 
Colonel  Hazens',  Colonel  Shea's  and  Colonel  Hazlett's  regi- 
ments. On  the  26th  of  September,  1776,  Mr.  Chambers  was 
commissioned  colonel  of  his"  regiment,  in  place  of  Colonel 
Hand  appointed  brigadier  general.  In  June,  1777,  he  was  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  one  of  the  first  officers  to  enter  New 
Brunswick  with  his  command  and  drive  the  eneni}-  out.  On 
the  11th  of  September,  1777,  his  command  was  opposed  to  the 
Hessians  under  General  Knyphausen,  at  Chadd's  Ford  and 


inSTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  125 

Brandywine,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  side,  together  with 
two  of  his  captains,  Greer  and  Craig,  and  Lieutenant  HoUi- 
day,  also  of  his  regiment,  was  killed.  He  was  also  in  the 
hattle  of  Gerraantown,  October  4th,  IttT  ;  and  in  that  of 
Monmouth.  June  28th,  11TS;  he  led  the  attack  at  the  hattle 
of  Bergen  Point,  Jul}-  20th,  1780,  and  his  regiment  was  com- 
plimented for  their  bravery  by  General  Wayne,  in  general 
orders,  on  the  23d  of^  the  same  month.  He  was  at  White 
Plains,  West  Point  and  other  points,  in  active  service,  up  to 
the  time  of  his  resignation,  in  1781.  Having  seen  more  than 
six  years  constant  service,  he  needed  rest.  After  his  retire- 
ment he  was  three  different  times  appointed  to  the  command 
of  a  battalion  in  his  native  county.  In  1794  he  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  third  brigade  of  the  Pennsylvania 
troops  called  out  to  quell  the  whisky  insurrection,  and  in 
1798  was  again  appointed  to  a  similar  command  in  the  Penn- 
sjdvania  troops  called  out  in  anticipation  of  a  war  with  France- 
He  was  the  second  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Judge  of  our 
countj^  courts,  appointed  September  17th,  1784,  and  served 
until  the  constitution  of  1790  went  into  force  in  1791.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  "Society  of  the  Cincinnati,"  insti- 
tuted by  the  officers  of  the  American  army.  He  died  at 
Loudon  Forge,  his  place  of  residence,  April  25th,  1805,  and 
was  buried  with  military  honors  in  the  resting  place  conse- 
crated by  his  father,  the  cemetery  of  the  Falling  Spring  church 
at  Chambersburg. 

I  have  found  it  extremely  difficult  to  make  up  a  connected, 
reliable,  or  satisfactory  history  of  the  military  organizations 
that  originated  in  our  county  during  the  revolutionary  strug- 
o^le,  or  of  the  officers  and  men  connected  with  them.  Their 
terms  of  service,  at  first,  were  generally  very  short,  ranging 
from  six  months  to  a  year,  and  the  changes  in  their  regimental 
organizations,  because  of  deaths,  desertions,  sickness,  promo- 
tions and  expiration  of  service,  were  so  frequent  that  it  has 
been  impossible,  with  my  limited  sources  of  information,  to 
trace  the  history  of  any  particular  company  or  regiment  for 
any  great  length  of  time,  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  It  would 
be  foreign  to  my  purpose  to  notice  the  whole  earl}"  military 
operations  of  the  Province  of  Penns3dvania,  and  yet  it  is 
necessary  that  I  shall  briefly  refer  to  soine  part  of  them  in 


126  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRAMKLIN    COUNTY. 

order  to  understand  that  'wliich  I  wish  to  elucidate,  to  wit : 
the  early  miUiary  hi^torij  of  that  section  of  count ri/  noiv  form- 
ing Franklin,  county. 

The  first  battalion,  or  regiment,  that  went  out  of  Cumber- 
land count}'  was  formed  in  June,  1775,  as  already  stated,  and 
was  commanded  by  Colonel  William  Thompson,  of  Carlisle, 
Colonel  Thompson  was  born  in  Ireland,  emigrated  to  America 
and  settled  near  Carlisle,  and  there  followed  his  profession  of 
a  surveyor.  Prior  to  the  revolution  he  served  in  the  war  be- 
tween England  and  France,  and  in  the  Indian  wars.  He  was 
a  commissioned  officer  in  the  Indian  expedition  that  destroyed 
Kittanning  in  1756,  and  was  captain  of  a  troop  of  light  horse 
in  1758.  In  1774  he  commanded  a  company  of  rangers  in 
Westmoreland  count}'.  He  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
first  battalion  of  Pennsylvania  militia  25th  June,  1775,  and 
brigadier  general  March  1st,  1770.  As  has  been  heretofore 
stated  his  regiment  reached  the  patriot  camp  at  Cambridge, 
near  Boston,  August  18th,  1775.  Thatcher,  in  his  militaiy 
journal,  says  of  these  men:  "Several  companies  of  riflemen, 
amounting,  it  is  said,  to  more  than  fouiteen  hundred  men, 
have  arrived  here  from  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  a  distance 
of  from  five  hundred  to  seven  hundred  miles.  They  are  re- 
markably stout  and  hardy  men,  many  of  them  exceeding  six 
feet  in  height.  They  are  dressed  in  white  frocks  or  rifle  shirts, 
and  round  hats.  These  men  are  remarkable  for  the  accuracy 
of  their  aim,  striking  a  mark  with  great  certainty  at  two  hun- 
dred yards  distance.  At  a  review  a  company  of  them,  while 
on  a  quick  advance,  fired  their  balls  into  objects  of  seven 
inches  diameter,  at  a  distance  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  yards. 
They  are  now  stationed  on  our  out  lines,  and  their  shot  have 
frequently  proA^ed  fatal  to  British  officers  and  soldiers  who 
exposed  themselves  to  view,  even  at  more  than  double  the 
distance  of  a  common  musket  shot."  General  Thompson 
was  ordered  to  Canada  in  April,  1770,  and  was  captured  by 
the  British  at  "Three  rivers"  on  the  4th  of  July  of  that  year. 
He  was  paroled  and  allowed  to  return  to  his  family  in  1777, 
but  was  not  regularly  exchanged  until  the  25tli  of  October, 
1780. 

Sir  Henry  Clinton,  the  eommander-in-chitf  of  the  British 
forces,  then  released  Ceneral  Thompson,  Colonel  Mngaw  and 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  127 

Lieutenant  Laurens,  prisoners  in  his  possession,  in  excliange 
for  Major  General  De  Keidesel,  of  tlie  Brunswick  troops,  a 
prisoner  in  our  possession.  He  died  on  his  farm  near  Carlisle, 
September  3d,  1T81,  aged  forty-five  years,  and  was  buried  in 
the  grave-yard  at  Carlisle. 

Robert  Magaw.  of  Carlisle,  was  major  of  this  battalion,  his 
brother  Wm.  Magaw,  of  Mercersburg,  surgeon,  and  Kev. 
Samuel  Blair  chaplain. 

As  everj'thing  connected  with  the  history  of  this  regiment, 
the  first  that  left  the  Cumberland  Valley^  must  undoubtedly 
be  of  great  interest  to  our  people,  I  here  insert  an  article  from 
the  pen  of  Hon.  John  B.  Linn,  Deputy  Secretary  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, published  in  the  '-'•Philadelphia  Weekly  Times^'  of 
the  14th  of  April,  ISTT. 

THE  FLAG  OF  THE  FIRST  PENNSYLVANIA  REGIMENT 1175-1183. 

"The  Historical  Societ}-  of  Pennsylvania  has  in  its  tempo- 
rary possession  a  very  interesting  relic  of  the  revolution.  It 
is  the  standard  of  the  First  Pennsylvania  Rifle  Battalion,  Col- 
onel Wm.  Thompson,  of  Carlisle,  which  was  raised  upon  the 
reception  of  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  entered 
the  trenches  in  front  of  Boston  on  the  8th  of  August,  1715. 
It  was  in  all  the  skirmishes  in  fi'ont  of  Boston,  and  before  the 
British  evacuated  that  city  it  was  ordered  to  New  York  to 
repel  their  landing  there.  Colonel  Thompson  was  promoted 
brigadier  on  the  1st  of  March,  1776,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Hand,  of  Lancaster,  succeeded  him.  The  term  of  the  bat- 
talion expired  on  the  30th  of  June,  1776,  but  officers  and  men 
in  large  numbers  re-enlisted  for  three  years  or  during  the  war^ 
under  Colonel  Hand,  and  the  battalion  became  the  First  Regi- 
ment of  the  Continental  line.  It  was  at  Long  Island,  White 
Plains,  Trenton  and  Princeton,  under  Hand.  On  the  1st  of 
April,  1777,  Hand  was  promoted  brigadier,  and  Lieutenant 
Colonel  James  Chambers,  of  Chambersburg,  became  Colonel. 
Under  him  the  regiment  fought  at  Brandywine,  Germantown, 
Monmouth  and  in  every  other  battle  and  skirmish  of  the  main 
army  until  he  retired  the  service,  January  1st,  1781. 

''Colonel  Chambers  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Daniel  Broad- 
head,  and  on  the  26th  of  May,  1781,  the  First  Regiment  left 
York,  Pa.,  with   five  others,  into  Avhich  the  line  was  consoli- 


128  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

dated,  under  the  command  of  General  Wajaie,  joined  Lafay- 
ette at  Raccoon  Ford  on  the  llappahannock  on  the  10th  of 
June  ;  fought  at  Green  Springs  on  tlie  6th  of  July ;  opened 
tlie  second  parallel  at  Yorktown,  which  General  Steuben,  in 
his  division  orders  of  21st  of  October,  saj's  'he  considers  as 
the  most  important  part  of  the  siege.'  After  the  surrender 
the  regiment  went  southward  with  Waj^ne,  fought  the  last  bat- 
tle of  the  war  at  Sharon,  Georgia,  May  24,  1T82,  entered  Sa- 
vannah in  triumph  on  the  11th  of  July,  Charleston  on  the  14th 
of  December,  1782  ;  was  in  camp  on  James  Island,  South  Caro- 
lina, on  the  11th  of  May,  1783,  and  only  Avheuthe  news  of  the 
cessation  of  hostilities  reached  that  point  was  embarked  for 
Philadelphia.  In  its  services  it  traversed  ever}^  one  of  the 
original  thirteen  States  of  the  Union ;  for  while  in  front  of 
Boston,  October  30th,  1775,  Captain  Parr  was  ordered  with  a 
detachment  of  this  battalion  up  to  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp- 
shire, to  defend  that  point.  I  noticed  this  standard  on  exhi- 
bition at  the  Museum  during  the  Centennial,  but  supposed  it 
the  banner  with  a  strange  device'  of  some  revolutionary  mi. 
litia  battalion.  I  identified  it  the  other  daj^  at  the  rooms  of 
the  Historical  Society  from  a  description  contained  in  a  letter 
from  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hand  to  Jasper  Yeates,  in  possession 
of  General  Hand's  granddaughter,  Mrs,  S.  B.  Rogers,  of  Lan- 
caster.    It  is  dated  : 

"  '•Prospect  Hill,  8  March,  177C. — I  am  stationed  at  Cobble 
Hill  with  four  companies  of  our  regiment.  Two  companies, 
Cluggage's  and  Chambers',  were  ordered  to  Dorchester  on 
Monday  ;  Ross' and  Lowdon's  relieved  them  yesterday.  Every 
regiment  is  to  have  a  standard  and  colors.  Our  standard  is  to 
be  a  deep  green  ground,  the  device  a  tiger  parti}-  enclosed  by 
toils,  attempting  the  pass  defended  by  a  hunter  armed  with  a 
spear,  in  white  on  crimson  field  ;  the  motto  ''Doonari  Nolo.''  " 

"The  present  owner  of  the  standard,  I  am  told,  is  Thomas 
Robinson,  Esq.,  grandson  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas  Rob- 
inson. The  latter,  it  appears  by  our  records,  entered  the  ser- 
vice January  5,  1776,  as  captain  in  Colonel  Wayne's  Fourth 
Pennsylvania  (one  3'ear)  battalion,  served  the  campaign  in 
Canada  and  was  promoted  June  7,  1777,  lieutenant  colonel  of 
the  First  Pennsylvania  Continental  Line.  He  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  1783  as 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  129 

lieutenant  colonel  of  the  Second  Pennsylvania.  He  became 
custodian  of  the  standard  because  Colonel  Broadhead  did  not 
accompany  the  regiment  South  and  Colonel  Robinson  was  in 
actual  command  when  the  war  closed. 

'■'■Harrisburg,  April  Qth,  1817.  John  B.  Linn." 

In  the  early  part  of  December,  1775,  the  second  Pennsyl- 
A^ania  battalion  was  formed.  It  was  fii'st  under  the  command 
of  Colonel  John  Bull,  and  subsequently  under  that  of  Colonel 
John  Philip  DeHaas. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  Congress  called  for  four  more 
battalions,  which  were  fully  organized  m  January  and  Febru- 
iir}',  1776.     They  Avere  commanded  as  follows: 

The  second  by  Colonel  Arthur  St.  Clair. 

The  third  by  Colonel  John  Shee, 

The  fourth  by  Colonel  Anthony  Wayne. 

The  fifth  by  Colonel  Robert  Magaw. 

The  sixth  by  Colonel  William  Irvine. 

With  the  regiments  of  Colonels  St.  Clair,  Shee  and  Wayne 
the  people  of  this  valley  had  no  connection.  They  were 
raised  in  other  sections  of  the  State. 

Colonel  Magaw's  regiment  was  made  up  of  companies  from 
what  is  now  Cumberland  count}',  and  from  adjoining  counties. 
There  were  none  from  the  territory  now  embraced  in  our 
county,  that  I  have  been  able  to  hear  of.  Colonel  Magaw  and 
his  whole  command  were  captured  by  the  British  at  Fort 
Washington,  Long  Island,  on  the  16th  of  November,  1776, 
and  was  pai'oled,  but  not  exchanged  until  the  25th  of  October, 
1780.     He  died  at  Carlisle  January  7th,  1790. 

Colonel  William  Irvine  was  born  at  Fermagh,  Ireland,  on 
the  3d  of  November,  1741.  He  was  educated  at  the  university 
of  Dublin,  studied  medicine  and  was  a  surgeon  in  the  British 
nav}',  in  1754.  In  1763  he  settled  at  Carlisle  in  the  pursuit  of 
his  profession.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Cumberland  county 
in  the  Provincial  Conference  which  met  at  Philadelphia  on  the 
15th  of  July,  1774,  and  recommended  a  general  congress  of 
the  Colonies.  On  the  9th  of  January,  1776,  he  was  appointed 
colonel  of  the  6th  regiment  of  Pennsylvania  troops.  On  the 
8th  of  June,  1776,  he  w^as  captured  at  the  battle  of  "Three 
Rivers,"  Canada.  On  the  3d  of  August,  1776,  he  was  released 
on  parole,  but  was  not  exchanged  until  the  6th  of  May,  1778. 
9 


130  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY, 

The  same  year  he  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  second  Penn- 
sylvania regiment.  May  12th,  1719,  was  appointed  a  briga- 
dier general  and  served  under  General  Wayne  during  that  and 
the  following  year.  In  1781  he  was  stationed  at  Fort  Pitt, in 
command  of  the  north-western  frontier.  In  1784  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Censors.  In  1785  he  was  the  agent 
of  the  State  looking  after  her  public  lands,  and  recommended 
the  purchase  of  the  ''Triangle,"  thus  giving  Pennsylvania  an 
outlet  upon  Lake  Erie.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress  in  1786- 
'88;  and  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1790.  In 
1794  Governor  Mifflin  appointed  him  and  Chief  JusticeM'Kean 
commissioners  to  reason  with  the  leaders  of  the  whisky  insur- 
rection. He  also  served  in  Congress  from  1793  to  1795  ;  was 
president  of  the  "Pennsylvania  Society  of  the  Cincinnati," 
and  died  at  Philadelphia  on  the  29th  of  July,  1804. 

Colonel  Irvine's  regiment  was  composed  of  eight  companies^ 
numbering  six  hundred  and  seventy-nine  officers  and  men,  viz  : 

Company  one.     Captain  Samuel  Hay,         Officers  and  92  men. 

"  two,  "  Robert  Adams,  "  "    93  " 

"  three,  "  Abraham  Smith,  "  "99  " 

"  four,  "  William  Rippey,  "  "    94  " 

"  five,  "  James  A.  Wilson,  "  "    86  " 

"  six,  "  David  Grier,  "  "81  " 

"  seven,  "  Moses  M'Lean,  "  "    65  " 

"  eight,  "  Jeremiah  Talbott  "  "    69  " 

The  regimental  organization  was  as  follows,  viz  : 

Colonel,  Wm.  Irvine,         commissioned  January  9,  lt76.. 

Lieut.  Colonel,  Thomas  Hartley,  "  "         "     " 

Major,  James  Dunlop,  "  "         "     " 

Adjutant,  John  Brooks,  "  "         "     " 

Surgeon,  Robert  Johnston,  "  "         "     " 

Surgeon's  mate,  John  M'Dowell. 
Quartermaster,  James  Calderwood. 

"  Wm.  Nichols. 

"  Robert  Hoops. 

But  three  of  these  companies,  viz  :  Abraham  Smith's,  Wil- 
liam Rippey's  and  Jeremiah  Talbott's,  are  claimed  to  have 
been  from  that  section  of  country  now  embraced  in  Franklin 
county. 

Captain  Abraham  Smith,  it  is  said,  resided  in  Lurgan  town- 
ship, Cumberland  county,  just  north  of  the  present  boundary 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  131 

line  of  our  county.  He  owned  a  considerable  tract  of  land 
there,  none  of  which,  iiowever,  was  ever  taxed  in  our  county, 
according  to  the  assess  books  in  the  Commissioners'  office. 
The  people  of  that  section  of  the  county  point  with  pride  to 
his  military  record,  and  claim  him  as  having  gone  out  from 
among  them.  He  and  hie  company  were  wnth  Colonel  Irvine's 
regiment  throughout  its  varied  service  in  the  war  of  the  revo- 
lution. Nothing  can  be  determined  from  the  names  of  thC' 
men  composing  his  comp»any,  as  to  where  they  were  from,  for 
an  examination  of  the  roll  shows  that  the  names  upon  it  are- 
the  same  as  those  of  residents  of  other  parts  of  the  count}^ 
than  Lurgan  township. 

On  the  5th  day  of  July,  1TT7,  an  Abraham  Smith,  of  Cum- 
berl'And  count}-,  was  elected  Colonel  of  the  8th  battalion  of  the 
militia  of  that  county,  and  it  is  claimed  that  he  was  from  Lur* 
gan  township.  How  the  fact  was,  I  have  not  been  able  to  de- 
termine. That  there  were  two  CoZoneZ  Abraham  Smiths  in  Cum- 
berland county  is  most  likely,  one  the  military  man,  the  other 
the  civilian.  Former  writers  have  generally,  though  mista- 
kenly, I  think, .confounded  Abraham  Smith,  of  Zwrgra/i,  with 
Abraham  Smith  of  Antrim.,  and  given  to  the  former  the  honor 
and  credit  of  having  filled  the  offices  undoubtedly  held  by  the^ 
latter. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  officers  and  men  of  Cap- 
tain Abraham  Smith's  company,  in  Colonel  Irvine's  regiment : 

COMPANY    NO.    .3,  OP    IRVINE'S   REGIMENT. 

Captain  Abraham  Smith  ;  commissioned  January  9th,  IttG.. 

First  Lieutenant,  Robert  White ;  commissioned  January 
9th,  1776;  resigned  February  9th,  1776. 

Second  Lieutenant,  John  Alexander ;  promoted  February 
10th,  1776. 

Second  Lieutenant,  Andrew  Irvine  ;  commissioned  Feb.  9th, 
1776. 

Ensign,  Samuel  Montgomery;  promoted  June  1st,  1776. 

Ensign,  Samuel  Kennedy;  commissioned  June  1st,  1776. 

SERGEANTS. 

John  Eeatty,  William  Scott, 

Samuel  Hamilton,  William  Burk. 

Hugh  Foster, 


132 


niSTORICAL  SKETCH   OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


CORPORALS. 


William  Burk, 
George  Standley, 
John  Moore, 
William  Campbell, 
John  Fannon,  Drummer, 


Seth  Iliche}^ 
William  M'Cormick, 
William  Drennon, 
William  Cochrane,  Fifer. 


PRIVATES. 


David  Armor, 
John  Brown, 
Patrick  Brown, 
.John  Blakeley, 
John  Brannon, 
Philip  Boyle, 
Josiah  Cochran, 
Robert  Craighead, 
Anthony  Creevy, 
William  Cochran, 
James  Dunlap, 
Thomas  Drennon, 
William  Downe}^, 
Hugh  Drennon, 
Daniel  Divinney, 
Pat.  Flemming, 
William  Gwin, 
Alex.  Gordon, 
Bobert  Gregg, 
Thomas  Higgins, 
James  Holliday, 
Thomas  Holmes, 
John  Hendricks, 
Benj.  Ishmail, 
Bobert  Jarrett, 
Thomas  Johnson, 
Samuel  Love, 
■George  Lucas, 
Nicholas  Little, 
James  Lowrey, 
Daniel  M'Kissock, 
John  M'Collam, 
William  M'Cormick, 
Michael  M'Garra, 
Bryan  M'Laughlin, 
John  M'Fetridge, 

Ninety-three 


Michael  M'Mullin, 
James  M'Kissock, 
Adam  M'Breas, 
John  M'Dowell, 
Samuel  M'Brea, 
Bobert  M'llno, 
Alex.  M'Kenn}', 
John  M'Kingham, 
John  Montgomery, 
Alex.  Moor, 
Robert  Miller, 
Hugh  Milligan, 
Moses  Powell, 
Nath.  Points, 
John  Rannell, 
Seth  Richey, 
Patrick  Rogers, 
John  Rannell,  Jr., 
Peter  Runey, 
Alex.  P».eid, 
Barthol  Roharty, 
Thomas  Smith, 
Patrick  Silvers, 
Thomas  Scott, 
George  Simpson, 
Robert  Swinie, 
John  Stoops, 
Ad.  Sheaver, 
Wi!liam  Stitt, 
Peter  Sheran, 
Charles  Tipper, 
John  Todd, 
Mich.  White, 
James  White, 
John  Wilson, 
John  Young. 

officers  and  men. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  135 

In  November,  1777,  this  company  was  under  Captain  Samuel 
Montgomer}',  and  numbered  but  fort3'-three  men — officers  and 
privates — the  men  being  captured,  or  killed,  or  incorporated 
into  other  companies.  I  find  the  names  of  many  of  the  men. 
in  Captain  John  Alexander's  company. 

COMPANY  4,  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM  RIPPEY. 

Captain  Rippey  resided  in  Shippensburg,  but  the  most  of  the- 
men  composing  his  company  were  from  the  adjoining  town- 
ship of  Lurgan,  now  in  Franklin  county.  Colonel  Irvine's 
regiment,  the  sixth,  with  the  first  under  Colonel  J.  P.  DeHaas,. 
the  second  under  Colonel  Arthur  St.  Clair,  and  the  fourth 
under  Colonel  Anthony  Wayne,  were  formed  into  a  brigade 
in  the  summer  of  1776,  and  sent  to  Canada  under  General 
Sullivan.  On  the  21st  of  July,  1776,  many  of  Sullivan's  com- 
mand were  captured  at  the  Isle  Au  Noix.  Among  them  was 
Captain  Rippey,  but  he  was  so  fortunate  as  to  escape.  Colonel 
Irvine  was  captured  at  Three  Rivers,  Canada,  on  the  8th  of 
June,  1776,  when  the  command  of  the  regiment  devolved  upon 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Thos.  Hartley,  who,  after  the  disaster  at 
the  Isle  Au  Noix,  fell  back  to  Crown  Point  and  Ticonderoga^ 
and  wintered  there.  These  battalions  were  enlisted  for -one 
year  from  January  1st,  1776,  and  at  the  expiration  of  their 
terms  of  service,  nearly  all  of  the  men  re-enlisted  in  new  regi- 
ments for  three  years  or  during  the  war.  In  the  month  of 
March,  1777,  Irvine's  regiment  re-entered  the  service  as  the 
seventh  regiment  of  the  Pennsylvania  line,  under  Lieutenant 
Colonel  David  Greer,  its  original  commander.  Colonel  Irvine 
then  being  a  prisoner  of  war.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
Captain  Rippey  lived  at  the  Branch  Hotel  in  Shippensburg,. 
where  he  died  September  22d,  1819,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  officers  and  men  of  his^ 
company : 

COMPANY  NO.  4,  OF  IRVINE's  REGIMENT. 

Captain,  William  Rippey;  commissioned  January  9,  1776.  J 
First  Lieutenant,  Wm.  Alexander  ;  commissioned  January 

9th,  1776.     Promoted  to  Captain  June  1st,  1776. 

First  Lieutenant,  Alexander  Parker ;  commissioned  Jun& 

1st,  1776. 


134 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


Second  Lieutenant,  John  Brooks. 
Ensign,  Wni.  Lusk. 


SERGEANTS. 


John  Hughes, 
Robert  Watt, 


John  M'Clelland, 
William  Anderson. 


CORPORALS. 


William  Gihhs, 
Jeremiah  M'Kibben, 
James  M'Culloh, 
Daniel  Peterson,  Drummer. 


George  Gordon, 
Nath.  Stevenson, 
Wm.  Richards.  Fifer. 


PRIVATES 


Jacob  Anderson, 
Robert  Barckley, 
Barnerd  Burns, 
Robert  Caskey, 
Henry  Cartright, 
Robert  Cortney, 
Jacob  Christyardinger, 
Benjamin  Cochran, 
Hugh  Call, 
John  Collins, 
William  Dougherty, 
John  Davison,  J 
Joseph  Divine, 
Anthony  DaAvson, 
Thomas  Dycke, 
James  Finerty, 
Hugh  Forsyth, 
Hugh  Ferguson, 
Thomas  Falls, 
William  Gorge, 
IHenry  Girden, 
Tliomas  Gell, 
Jacob  Glouse, 
JS'athan  Hemphill, 
Robert  Haslet, 
John  Hendry, 
William  Henderson, 
James  Hervey, 
Cumberland  Hamilton, 
^"eal  Hardon, 
George  Hewitt, 
Jacob  Justice, 


Pvobert  Irvine, 
John  Johnston, 
Christopher  Kechler, 
Francis  Kain, 
John  Kelly, 
William  Lowry, 
Daniel  Lavery, 
David  Linsey, 
James  Lj^nch, 
John  Madden, 
Josiah  M'Call, 
John  M'Michael, 
James  M'Comb, 
AVilliam  M'Intyre, 
John  Moor, 
James  Mullin, 
Thomas  M'Call, 
Philip  Melon, 
Alexander  M'^S^icliols, 
James  M'Coy, 
James  M'Con, 
David  M'CIain, 
John  M'Donell, 
Daniel  M'Clain, 
John  M'Gaw, 
Charles  Malone, 
George  M'Ferson, 
William  Nicholson, 
John  Ortman, 
John  O'Neal, 
Thomas  Pratt, 
Thomas  Parsons, 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  135 

Aaron  Pattersou,  Xath.  Stephenson, 

Charles  Rosbrough,  James  Smiley, 

John  Rosbrough,  William  Thomson, 

John  Rogers,  John  Tribele, 

Thomas  Reed,  Jacob  Trash, 

Robert  Robeson,  John  Van  Kirk, 

Basil  Regan,  William  Winn, 

John  Stoner,  John  Wright, 

Henry  Scott,  Peter  Young. 

Alexander  Stephenson, 

Ninetj^-nine  officers  and  privates. 
Many  of  these  men,  in  November,  ITTt,  were  incorpoi'ated 
in  Captain  Alexander  Parker's  company. 

COMPANY  NO.  8,  CAPTAIN  JEREMIAH  TALBOTT. 

This  company  was  recruited  in  Chambersburg  and  its  vicin- 
ity, by  Captain  Talbott.  He  was  a  native  of  Talbott  county, 
Maryland,  and  removed  to  Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania, 
before  the  commencement  of  the  revolutionary  struggle,  and 
settled  at  Chambersburg.  On  the  25th  of  September,  177T, 
Captain  Talbott  was  appointed  major  of  the  sixth  battalion  of 
the  Pennsylvania  troops,  and  served  in  that  position  until  the 
proclamation  of  peace.  In  March  or  April,  IV^t,  Major  Tal- 
bott was  assigned  to  the  recruiting  service,  and  such  was  his 
popularity  that  in  a  few  weeks  he  enlisted  sixty  men  in  Cham- 
iDersburg  and  its  vicinity,  paying  a  bounty  of  twenty  dollars  to 
each  recruit. 

After  the  close  of  the  war,  upon  the  formation  of  our  county, 
Major  Talbott  was,  at  the  first  election  for  county  officers, 
held  October,  1184,  elected  sheriff  of  the  county,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1Y85  and  in  1186.  On  the  3d  December,  1V8Y,  he 
was  appointed  lieutenant  of  the  county,  and  served  until  1790. 
Sheriff  Talbott  owned  the  brewery  on  the  btink  of  the  Conoco- 
cheague  creek  now  carried  on  by  Charles  Ludwig.  He  also 
owned  two  lots  of  ground  on  west  Qeeen  street — one  improved, 
the  other  unimproved.  His  dwelling  house  was  on  the  site  of 
that  now  owned  and  occupied  by  Judge  John  Huber.  It  was 
of  stone,  and  part  of  the  western  wall  is  still  standing,  having 
been  used  in  the  erection  of  the  present  dwelling.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  property,  Sheriff  Talbott  owned  a  tract  of  one  hun- 
dred acres  of  land  in  Hamilton  township,  and  had  one  horse, 


136  niSTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

three  cows  and  one  female  negro  servant.  The  tax  lists  for 
1786-1788  and  1789,  show  that  he  then  resided  in  Chambers- 
burg,  as  he  was  taxed  there  during  those  3'ears  for  all  the  fore- 
going propert}',  except  the  one  hundred  acres  of  land.  About 
1789  Sheriff  Talbott  became  pecuniarily  involved,  and  on  the 
16th  of  December,  1789,  Sheriff  John  Johnston,  his  successor, 
sold  his  Hamilton  township  farm,  and  on  the  17th  of  June,  1790^ 
sold  his  Chambersburg  property.  He  died  on  the  19th  of  Jan- 
uary, 1791,  and  was  buried  in  the  Presbyterian  grave-yard  at 
Chambersburg.  After  his  death  his  widow  and  children  re- 
moved to  the  vicinit}'  of  Mercersburg,  but  he  never  resided 
there,  nor  at  Greencastle. 

The  following  are  the  rolls  of  his  company  at  three  different 
periods : 

COMPANY    NO.  8,  OF    IRVINE's    REGIMENT. 

Captain,  Jeremiah  Talbott;  commissioned  Jan.  9fch,  1776. 
First  Lieutenant,  John  M'Donald  ;  "                 "  " 

Second  Lieutenant,  Alex.  Brown  ;    "  "  " 

Ensign,  William  Graham;  "  "  " 

SERGEANTS. 

John  M'Collam,  James  Cuppels, 

John  Wilson,  Samuel  Mitchell. 

CORPORALS. 

William  Campbell,  John  Chain, 

llobert  Hunter,  John  Reniston, 

John  Milton,  Drummer.  John  Killin,  Fifer. 

PRIVATES. 

Robert  Asten,  Hugh  P^airess, 

John  Bradley,  James  Gardner, 

William  Black,  Daniel  Gibson, 

John  Church,  William  Heaslett, 

George  Coghren,  John  Heatherington, 

'     — Francis  Clark,  Duke  Handlon, 

Robert  Carnahan,  John  Higgens, 

Charles  Conna,  Kern  Kelley, 

John  Campbell,  Stephen  Lyon, 

Joseph  Chambers,  Jacob  Lewis, 

John  Dinning,  Hugh  Lilley, 

William  Evans,  John  Marten, 

John  Faulkner,  Robert  Mollon, 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


13T 


Benj.  Morison, 
James  M'Farlan, 
Charles  M'Roim. 
Archibald  M'Donald, 
Matthew  M'Connell, 
Thomas  M'Creary, 
Lawrence  M'Crear}*, 
Charles  M'Mullen, 
Thomas  Mitchell, 
Charles  Marry, 
Patrick  Marra}', 
Able  Morgan, 
Archibald  Nickel, 
Andrew  Pinkerton, 


John  Pollock, 
James  Qnarrc, 
William  Shaw, 
Mike  Sesalo, 
John  Slioomaker, 
James  Sloan, 
John  Totton, 
John  Thompson, 
Hncrh  Thompson, 
William  White, 
John  White, 
John  Welch, 
Robert  Watson, 
Isaac  Wiley. 


Samuel  Power, 
Commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates, 
69. 

In  January,  1776,  Captain  Talbott's  Company  numbered 
sixty-nine  officers  and  men.  By  April,  1777,  it  was  so  much 
reduced  that  it  required  sixty  men  to  bring  it  up  to  the  regu- 
lation standard.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  men 
then  added  to  the  company,  viz. : 
John  M'Cullum, 


John  Foster, 
John  Wilson, 
Robert  Hunter, 
William  Gibbs, 
Thomas  Whitely, 
Hugh  Thomson, 
William  Foster, 
Phelix  O'Neal, 
John  Crowl, 
John  Fulerton, 
Patt.  Boyle, 
Thomas  Sherry, 
John  Cavenaugh, 
Robert  Burns, 
Andrew  M'Gahey, 
William  M'Calley, 
Isaac  Shackey, 
Christopher  Row, 
Francis  O'Harrah, 
Thomas  Dunn, 
Daniel  M'Cartey, 
Barney  M'Gillegan, 


John  Fergison, 
Michael  Black, 
John  Brown, 
Gilbert  Berryhill, 
Hugh  Casserty, 
Charles  Conner, 
George  Corohan, 
Edward  Hart, 
John  Shoemaker, 
James  Garlant, 
James  Loe, 
Jacob  Weaver, 
Conrad  Carcass, 
Patrick  Murrey, 
John  Kellenough, 
John  Johnson, 
Charles  Kelly, 
John  M'Kinley, 
Michael  Sitsler, 
John  Smith, 
Peter  Smith, 
Joseph  West, 
Patrick  Guinn, 


188  niSTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

Patrick  M'Cullum,  William  M'Donald, 

Michael  Danfee,  Patrick  Boyle, 

William  Campbell,  James  Ralls, 

John  Feaghander,  Henry  Yaughan, 

John  Robinson,  John  Milton, 

Peter  M'Kinley,  Michael  Brown, 

John  Smith,  (tanner),  William  Antrican. 
Thomas  Aston, 

The  following  is  the  company's  roll  as  it  stood  Xovember 
30th,  1T77: 

Jeremiah  Talbott,  Captain,  Robert  Hunter,  Sergeant, 

Andrew  Irvine,  Lieut..  Thomas  Whiteley,     '' 

Joseph  Torrence,    ''  Hugh  Thompson,       " 

John  M'Cullam,  fJnsign,  John  Smith,  CorporaL 
AVilliam  Gibbs,  Sergeant, 

PRIVATES. 

Jacob  Weaver,  Patrick  Marry, 

Francis  O'Hara,  Felix  O'Xeal, 

Charles  Conner,  Charles  Kelley, 

AVilliam  Foster,  James  Rawls, 

Daniel  M'Carty,  George  Coghran, 

Jos.  West,  James  Lee, 

Hugh  Cassady,  John  Johnston, 

John  M'Kinly,  Andrew  M'Grahy, 

Michael  Pitzler,  Edward  Hart, 

Patt.  Boyle,  John  C array. 

Nine  officers  and  twenty  men ;  total,  twenty-nine. 
In  the  early  part  of  17  76  three  new  battalions  were  organ- 
ized, commanded  respectively  by  Colonels  Samuel  Miles,  Sam- 
uel J.  Atlee  and  Daniel  Broadhead,  and  they  were  marched  to 
Long  Island  with  the  battalions  of  Colonels  Shea,  Magaw  and 
Cadwallader. 

By  the  16th  of  August,  1776,  thirteen  companies  of  men, 
fully  officered  and  equipped,  had  left  Cumberland  county  for 
the  seat  of  war,  and  six  other  companies  were  preparing  to  go. 
Of  these  the  companies  of  James  M'Connell,  William  Huston, 
Robert  Culbertson  and  Conrad  Schneider  were  from  the  ter- 
ritory now  Fz-anklin  county.  I  have  not  been  able  to  find 
their  company  rolls,  nor  any  record  of  their  actions  during  the 
war. 

On  the  16th  of  IS'ovember,  1776,  Fort  Washington  was  cap- 
tured by  the  British,  and  over  twenty-three  hundred  Pennsyl- 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  139 

vania  troops,  commanded  by  Colonels  Magaw,  Cadwallader, 
Atlee,  Swope,  Watts  and  Montgomery,  were  taken  prisoners. 
Among  them  was  John  Crawford,  of  our  county,  a  brother  of 
Edward  Crawford,  Esq.,  our  first  prothonotary.  On  the  19th 
of  April,  1T55,  Mr.  Crawford  was  commissioned  by  John  Mor- 
ton, Esq.,  Speaker  of  the  Pennsylvania  Assembl}',  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  fifth  battalion  of  associators  of  Cumberland 
county,  and  after  his  capture  was  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  at 
riatlands.  Long  Island,  until  some  time  in  the  year  1780. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  IT 76,  or  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1777,  the  first  battalion  of  Cumberland  county  militia 
was  commanded  by  Colonel  James  Dunlap.  The  lieutenant 
colonel  was  Robei't  Culbertson,  of  our  county.  This  battalion 
had  in  it  the  companies  of  Noah  Abraham,  of  Path  Valley 
Patrick  Jack,  of  Hamilton,  and  Charles  Maclay,  of  Lurgan. 
I  have  not  been  able  to  find  the  rolls  of  the  companies  of  Cap- 
tains Jack  and  Maclay,  but  Captain  Abraham's  company, 
which  was  from  all  parts  of  Path  Valley,  was  made  up  as  fol- 
loxvs,  viz  : 

Captain,  Noah  Abraham, 

First  Lieutenant,  Archibald  Elliott, 

Second  Lieutenant,  Samuel  Walker. 

SERGEANTS. 

1st.  James  M'Conaughy,  .3d.     Robert  M'Connell, 

2d.   Joseph  Noble,  4th.  Thomas  Clark.  .^ 

PRIVATES. 

Robert  Alexander,  James  Carmady, 

James  Alexander,  Samuel  Campbell, 

David  Armstrong,  Patrick  Davidson, 

John  Adams,  Andrew  Douglas,  Sr., 

William  Adams,  Patrick  Dougherty, 

James  Allen,  Henry  Delmer, 

John  Brown,  Alex.  Douglas,  (weaver,) 

James  Boggs,  Greorge  Dixson, 

Nathaniel  Bryan,  Abi'am  Elder, 

Allen  Brown,  Francis  Elliott, 

William  Buchanan,  William  Elliott, 

John  Bell,  David  Elder, 

Daniel  Colbert,  Samuel  Elder, 

William  Carty,  George  Farmer, 

John  Canady,  John  Garven, 


140  niSTOPJCAL  SKETCH    OP   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

Charles  Gibson,  Hugh  M'Ciirdy, 

James  Harvey,  Alexander  M'Connell, 

James  Howe,  James  Mitchell, 

Andrew  Hemphill.  John  M'Lellan,  Jr., 

William  Harvey.  Samuel  Mears, 

Henderson  Harvey.  James  Mackey, 

Alex.  Hopper,  Robert  M'Guire, 

Adam  Ilumburg,  Henry  M'Gee, 

John  Johnson,  John'Mackey, 

Joseph  Kilgore,  John  Montgomery, 

Alex.  Long.  James  Nealv, 

William  M'Lellan,  David  Neal,"' 

William  M'Ibbins,  James  Park, 

John  M'Lellan;  Henry  Varner, 

John  Means,  •  William  Wright, 

Nathan  M'Colley,  Robert  Walker, 

James  Montgomery,  Samuel  Watson, 

Alexander  Meor,  William  Woodrow, 

Samuel  M'Cauley,  Samuel  Woodrow. 
James  M'Lellan, 

The  second  battalion,  commanded  bv  Colonel  John  Davis, 
had  in  it  the  companv  of  Captain  Charles  Leeper,  of  Lurgau 
township. 

The  fourth  battalion,  commanded  by  Colonel  Samuel  Lj'on, 
had  in  it  the  company  of  Captain  James  M'Connel,  of  Letter- 
kenny. 

The  sixth  battalion  was  officered  as  follows,  viz  :  Samuel 
Culbertson,  Colonel  ;  John  Work,  Lieutenant  Colonel ;  James 
M'Cammont,  Major;  John  Wilson,  Adjutant ;  Samuel  Fiuley, 
quartermaster,  and  Richard  Brownson,  Surgeon, 

Company  No.  2,  of  this  battalion,  had  the  following  officers  : 
Captain,  Patrick  Jack  ;  First  Lieutenant,  William  Reynolds ; 
Second  Lieutenant,  James  M'Lene  ;  Ensign,  Francis  Gardner. 
This  company  was  from  Hamilton  township. 

Company  No.  3.  the  following :  Captain,  Samuel  Patton  ; 
First  Lieutenant,  John  Eaton ;  Second  Lieutenant,  David 
Shields;  Ensign,  William  Pv^amsay.  This  company,  I  believe,, 
was  from  Letterkenny  townsliip. 

Company  No.  4,  the  following :  Captain,  James  Patton ; 
First  Lieutenant,  Thomas  M'Dowell ;  Second  Lieutenant, 
John  Welsh  ;  Ensign,  John  Dickey.  This. company  was  most 
likely  from  Peters  township. 


IIISTOmCAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  141 

Company  No.  5,  the  following:  Captain,  Joseph  Culbert- 
son  ;  First  Lieutenant,  John  Barr ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Wil- 
liam Cessna  ;  Ensign,  Hugh  Allison.  This  company  was  from 
Lurgan  township. 

Company  No.  G,  the  following:  Captain,  Vv^illiam  Huston; 
First  Lieutenant,  William  Elliott';  Second  Lieutenant,  James 
M'Farland  ;  Ensign  Robert  Kyle.  This  company  is  believed 
to  have  been  from  Montgomery,  Peters  and  Hamilton  town- 
ships. It  was  to  this  company  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  King, 
of  Mercersburg,  made  a  patriotic  address  as  they  were  about 
to  leave  their  homes  for  the  battle-field. 

Company  No.  1,  the  following  ;  Captain,  Robert  M'Coj  ; 
First  Lieutenant,  James  Irwin  ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Samuel 
Dunwoody  ;  Ensign,  Walter  M'Kinney.  This  company  was 
from  Peters  township. 

Company  No.  8,  the  following :  Captain,  John  M'Connell ; 
First  Lieutenant,  Joseph  Stevenson ;  Second  Lieutenant, 
George  Stevenson  ;  Ensign,  James  Caldwell.  This  company 
was  from  Letterkenny  and  Lurgan  townships. 

The  eighth  battalion,  commanded  by  Colonel  Abraham 
Smith  of  our  count}^,  had  for  Lieutenant  Colonel,  James  John- 
ston ;  Major,  John  Johnston;  Adjutant,  Thomas  Johnston, 
and  Quartermastei',  Terrance  Campbell,  the  last  four  of  whom 
were  of  this  county. 

Four  of  _^the  companies  of  this  battalion  were  from  our 
county,  certainly,  and  perhaps  more.  The  company  officers 
were  as  follows,  viz  : 

Company  No.  I,  Waynesboro' — Captain,  Samuel  Royer ; 
First  Lieutenant,  Jacob  Foreman  ;  Second  Lieutenant,  John 
Ptiddlesberger  ;  Ensign,  Peter  Shaver. 

Company  No.  2,  Lurgan  township — Captain,  John  Jack  ; 
First  Lieutenant,  James  Brotherton ;  Second  Lieutenant, 
Daniel  M'Lene  ;  Ensign,  James  Drummond. 

Company  No.  3,  Antrim  township — Captain,  James  Poe  ; 
First  Lieutenant,  Jos.  Patterson ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Jacob 
Stotler  ;  Ensign,  James  Dickson. 

Company  No.  8,  Lurgan  township — Captain,  John  Rea ; 
First  Lieutenant,  Albert  Torrence ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Alex. 
Thomson  ;   Ensign,  Hugh  Wiley. 

No  rolls  can  be  found  of  these  several  battalions,  nor  can  I 


142 


HISTORICAL   SKETCU    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


tell  where  their  services  were  rendered.  I  have  seen  returns 
of  them  as  late  as  May,  1778,  but  cannot  say  when  their  ser- 
vices ceased. 

In  the  year  1779,  because  of  some  troubles  witlithe  Indians, 
some  troops  w^ere  sent  from  our  county  westward.  They 
"were  mustered  into  service  on  the  22d  of  June  of  that  year, 
at  Ligonier,  by  Colonel  John  Thomson,  D.  M,  M.  G.  of  P.  M. 
The  following  is  the  roll  of  the  company  from  Path  Valley : 

Captain,  Noah  Abraham. 

First  Lieutenant,  Nathaniel  Stevenson. 

Second  Lieutenant,  Adam  Ilarman. 


SERGEANTS. 


Joseph  Ferguson, 
Campbell  Lefever, 


James  Hamilton, 
John  Roatch. 


PRIVATES. 


Daniel  Colbert, 
Neal  Dougherty, 
Fred'k  Dougherty, 
Patrick  Dougherty-, 
Thomas  Knox, 
Daniel  Lavre}', 
William  Love, 
Redmond  M'Donough, 
Matthias  Maiers, 

The  following  are  the  officers  and  men  of  the  company  from 
Letterkenny : 

Captain,  Samuel  Patton. 

First  Lieutenant,  Ezekiel  Sample. 


John  Maghan, 
John  Millis^n, 
James  Megraw, 
Isaac  Miner, 
James  Russell, 
John  Robison, 
James  Ray, 
William  Walker. 


SERGEANTS. 


John  Kincaid, 


John  Bran, 
Thomas  Crotley, 
Richard  Cooper, 
George  Hunter, 
Samuel  Howard, 
John  Hart, 
William  Lowry, 
George  Lamb, 
John  Lytle, 


William  Speare. 


PRIVATES. 


Henry  Marshal,    l\  V^^ 
John  Matthiasweaver, 
Lorans  M'Ready, 
John  Parker, 
William  Patterson, 
Ab'm  Rosenberry, 
William  Sharpe, 
John  Welsh, 
Henry  Williamson. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  143 

It  is  impossible  to  tell  how  many  men  our  county  furnished 
in  the  Revolutionary  struggle  for  Independence.  The  number 
was,  however,  very  large  for  the  population.  Whenever  the 
country  called,  they  went  with  alacrit}',  and  wherever  the  foe 
was  to  be  met,  there  were  our  hardy  and  fearless  frontiersmen 
found. 

"They  left  tlie  ploughshare  in  the  mould, 

Their  fl<.icks  and  herds  without  a  fold, 

The  sickle  in  the  unshorn  grain, 

The  corn,  half  garner'd  in  the  plain, 

And  muster'd,  in  their  simple  dress. 

For  wrongs  to  seek  a  stern  redress  ; — 

To  right  tliose  wrongs,  come  weal,  come  woe, — 

To  perish,  or  o'ercome  the  foe."' 

THE    WHISKY    INSURRECTION. 

In  the  year  1794  President  Washington  called  for  five  thou- 
sand one  hundred  and  ninety-six  men  from  Pennsylvania,  as 
her  share  of  the  army  called  out  to  suppress  the  Whisky  In- 
surrection, then  in  existence  in  the  south-western  part  of  our 
State.  The  quota  of  our  county  was  two  hundred  and  eighty- 
one  men,  who  were  gotten  together  with  considerable  difficulty, 
because  the  mass  of  the  people  of  this  valley  sympathized  to  a 
greater  or  less  degree  with  their  fellow-citizens  who  were  re- 
sisting the  collection  of  the  excise  taxes. 

Our  quota  was,  however,  furnished  after  some  delay ;  but  I 
cannot  tell  into  how  many  companies  these  men  w^ere  divided, 
nor  by  whom  they  were  commanded.  Having  been  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  United  States,  they  were  doubtless  paid  by  the 
general  government,  and  their  pay  rolls  should  be  in  the  War 
Department  at  Washington  city,  but  I  could  not  find  them 
there,  nor  any  evidence  that  they  ever  had  been  there.  Nei- 
ther could  I  find  them  at  Harrisburg,  though  a  careful  search 
was  made  for  them.  Large  numbers  of  papers  in  the  War  De- 
partment at  Washington  city  were  destroyed  by  fires  about 
the  years  1798  and  1801,  as  I  am  informed,  and  it  is  believed 
that  those  relating  to  the  army  services  in  the  Whisky  Insur- 
rection were  among  them. 

Brigadier  General  James  Chambers,  of  our  county,  com- 
manded the  third  brigade  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops  in  the 
Whisky  Insurrection.  It  was  composed  of  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  sixty-two  men,  five  hundred^  and  sixty-eight  of 


144  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

whom  were  from  Lancaster  count}^,  five  hundred  and  fifty 
from  York,  three  hundred  and  sixt3--three  from  Cumberland, 
and  two  hundred  and  eighty-one  from  Franklin  county.  The 
troops  marched  to  Pittsburg,  were  in  service  about  one  months 
marched  back  again  and  were  discharged,  without  having  fired 
a  shot  or  lost  a  man. 

THE  WAR  OF   1812-'I4. 

The  war  with  England  for  the  establishment  of  the  right  of 
the  vessels  belonging  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  to 
navigate  the  waters  of  the  world  without  molestation  from  any 
foreign  power,  was  declared  by  Congress  on  the  12th  of  June, 
1812.  Before  that  time  the  British  government  had  claimed 
authority  to  search  all  merchant  vessels  found  upon  the  high 
seas,  to  ascertain  what  kinds  of  goods,  wares  and  merchandise 
they  carried ;  and  to  seize  and  impress  all  such  seamen  found 
upon  them  as  were  claimed  to  be  natives  of  the  British  Empire, 
or  at  some  previous  period  owed  allegiance  to  the  British 
government. 

This  claim  the  government  of  the  United  States  resisted,  as 
unfounded  under  the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nations,  and  the 
English  government  persisting  in  exercising  the  right,  not^ 
withstanding  the  remonstrances  of  the  United  States  authori- 
ties, Congress  declared  war,  and  called  upon  the  people  of  the 
country  to  rally  to  the  defence  of  "free  trade  and  sailors' 
rights." 

The  hardy  yeomanry  of  this  valley  responded  with  alacrity 
to  the  call  of  the  constituted  authorities  of  the  nation.  Like 
their  patriot  sires  of  the  days  of  1T16,  they  were  ready  and 
eager  for  the  contest,  and  during  the  years  1812,  1813  and 
1814  thirteen  companies  of  men  were  organized  within  our 
county  and  went  into  service . 

Even  before  the  formal  declaration  of  war  Avas  proclaimed 
b}"  the  President,  "the  Franklin  County  Light  Dragoons," 
forty-one  officers  and  men,  under  Captain  Matthew  Patton  ;  the 
"Mercersburg  Rifles,"  seventy-two  officers  and  men,  under  Cap- 
tain James  M'Dowell ;  the  "Concord  Light  Infantry-,"  thirty  offi- 
cers and  men,  under  Captain  Michael  Harper  ;  the  "Chambers- 
burg  Union  Yoluntecrs,"  fifty-one  otHcers  and  men,  under  Cap- 
tain Jeremiah  Snider,and  the  "Antrim  Greens,"  (riflemen,)  sixty 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  145 

■officers  and  men,  under  Captain  Andrew  Oaks,  through  Major 
William  M'Clellan,  the  Brigade  Inspector  of  this  county,  ten- 
dered their  services  to  Governor  Simon  Snyder,  as  part  of  any 
quota  of  troops  that  might  be  called  for  from  Pennsylvania. 

Three  several  detachments  of  troops  left  our  county  during 
the  war  of  1812-'14,  at  three  different  periods.  The  first  left 
about  the  5th  of  September,  1812,  and  was  composed  of  the 
"Union  Volunteers,"  of  Chambersburg,  under  Captain  Jere- 
miah Snider  ;  the  "Franklin  Riflemen,"  of  Chambersburg, 
under  Captain  Henry  Reges ;  the  "Concord  Light  Infantiy," 
under  Captain  Michael  Harper ;  the  "Mercersburg  Rifles," 
under  Captain  Patrick  Hays,  and  the  "Antrim  Greens,"  under 
Captain  Andrew  Oaks — total,  two  hundred  and  sixty-four  oflS- 
cers  and  men.  The  quota  of  our  county  was  five  hiindred  and 
seven  officers  and  men,  and  the  deficiency,  two  hundred  and 
forty,  was  made  up  by  a  draft  from  the  militia.  The  whole 
detachment  was  under  the  command  of  Major  "William  M'Clel- 
land,  the  Brigade  Inspector  of  the  county,  and  marched  to  the 
north-western  frontier  by  way  of  Bedford,  Pittsburg  and  Mead- 
"ville,  which  latter  place  was  reached  about  the  20th  or  25th  of 
September,  1812.  There  the  assembled  troops  were  organized 
into  four  regiments,  two  of  riflemen  and  two  of  infantry.  Of 
the  first  regiment  of  riflemen  Jared  Irwin  was  elected  colonel, 
and  of  the  second  regiment  William  Piper  was  elected  colonel. 
Of  the  first  regiment  of  infantry  Jeremiah  Snider  was  elected 
colonel,  and  of  the  second  regiment  John  Purviance  was  elected 
colonel.  These  four  regiments  were  formed  into  a  brigade 
under  the  command  of  Brigadier  General  Adamson  Tannahill. 
Dr.  Samuel  D.  Culbertson,  of  Chambersburg,  was  appointed 
Surgeon-in-Chief  of  the  brigade,  and  Dr.  George  Denig  Assist- 
ant Surgeon. 

Upon  the  election  of  Captain  Jeremiah  Snider  to  the  colo- 
nelcy of  the  first  regiment,  his  lieutenant,  John  M'Clintock, 
was  elected  captain  of  his  company,  and  George  K.  Harper 
was  promoted  to  the  position  of  lieutenant,  vacated  by  Captain 
M'Clintock. 

The  Roster  of  the  first  regiment  after  its  formation  was  as 
follows : 

Colonel,  Jeremiah  Snider.  Quartermaster,  Bernard  Wolff. 

First  Major,  James  Warner.     Sergeant  Major,  And.  Lindsay. 
10 


146  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OP   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Second  Major,  John  Scott.        Forage  Master,  H.  Greenfield. 
Surgeon,  Samuel  D.  Culbertson.Wagon  Master,  Stephen  Rigler.. 
Adjutant,  Owen  Aston. 

The  companies  of  Captains  M'Clintock,  Reges  and  Harper 
were  in  Colonel  Snider's  regiment,  and  those  of  Captains 
Oaks  and  Ha^'sin  Colonel  Jared  Irwin's  regiment.  After  the 
organization  of  the  brigade  it  marched  to  Buffalo,  about  the 
middle  of  October,  1812,  and  arrived  there  in  November.  It 
remained  at  Buffalo,  in  winter  quarters,  until  some  time  in  the 
month  of  Januar}^,  1813,  when  the  men  were  discharged. 

The  following  are  the  rolls  of  Captains  Jeremiah  Snider's  and 
Henry  Rege's  companies,  as  they  were  when  the}^  left  Cham- 
bersburg,  September  5th,  1812  : 

CHAMBEBSBURG    COMPANY,    SEPTEMBER    5th,  1812. 

Captain,  Jeremah  Snider. 
Lieutenant,  John  M'Clintock. 
Ensign,  Owen  Aston. 

SERGEANTS. 

First,  John  Stevenson,  Third,  John  Colhoun, 

Second,  Alex.  Allison,  Fourth,  Andrew  Colhoun, 

CORPORALS. 

First,  Robert  Haslett,  Third,  H.  Ruthrauff, 

Second,  William  Tillard,  Fourth,  John  Reed. 

MUSICIANS. 

William  Donaldson,  Henry  Bickney. 

PRIVATES. 

Timothy  Allen,  Hugh  Greenfield, 

John  Andrews,  George  Heist, 

Joseph  Barnett,  Horace  Hill, 

Samuel  Beatty,  John  Hunter, 

David  Blythe,  Thomas  Harvey, 

A.  L.  Grain,  Daniel  Hood, 

Andrew  Clunk,  John  Hutchinson, 

Daniel  Clouser,  Andrew  Lindsay, 

John  Cummings,  Spencer  M'Kinney„ 

Robert  Foot,  James  Murray, 

George  Faber,  Alex.  M'Connell, 

Isaac  Grier,  Elisha  Nabb, 

Peter  Glossbrenner,  Jacob  Phillipy, 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  147 

John  Pluinmer,  William  Taylor, 

Stephen  Rigler,  Joshua  Wilson, 

William  Shannon,  James  Wilson, 

George  Simpson,  David  Wilson, 

Moses  PI.  Swan,  Bernard  Wolfi". 

CHAMBERSBURG    COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER   5th,  1812. 

Captain,  Herny  Reges. 
First  Lieutenant,  Jeremiah  Senseny^ 
Second  Lieutenant,  John  Musser. 
First  Sergeant,  Peter  Fleck. 

PRIVATES. 

John  Boyle,  Hugh  Mannon, 

John  Baughman,  Hugh  M'Connell,, 

Robert  Cunningham,  Hugh  M'Anulty, 

John  Cook,  John  Martin, 

Edward  Crawford,  Benjamin  Matthews, 

Arthur  Dobbin,  James  M'Connell, 

John  Denig.  William  Pollack, 

John  Essig,  Richard  Runnion,, 

Isaac  Erwin,  John  Radebaugh,^ 

John  Favorite,  John  Robinson, 

John  Gelwicks,  John  Reill}^, 

William  Grice,  Jacob  Snyder, 

Joseph  Good,  Joseph  Stall, 

John  Gilmore,  Henry  Smith, 

Philip  Grim,  Thompson  SchoolSy^ 

Christian  John,  Joseph  Severns, 

George  W.  Lester,  Daniel  Sailer, 

Josiah  Lemon,  John  Whitney, 

Isaiah  Lamer,  James  Wise, 

Robert  M'Murray,  George  Wilson,,    . 

John  Mumma,  George  Zimmerman^ 

GREENCASTLE    COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER    5tH,  1812. 

Captain,  Andrew  Oaks. 
Lieutenant,  Thomas  Wilson. 
Ensign,  George  Zeigler. 

SERGEANTS. 

First,  Peter  Cramer,  Third,  Jacob  Fletter^ 

Second,  Jacob  Gudtner,  Fourth,  James  PenneL 

CORPORALS. 

First,  William  Dugan,  Third,  Jacob  Garresene., 

Second,  George  Sharer,  Fourth,  Thomas  Brady, 

Fifer,  Henry  Sites,  Drummer,  Jacob  Poper. 


148 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRAKKLIN    COUNTY. 


PRIVATES. 


Ileniy  Brendlinger, 
Joseph  Byerly, 
George  Bettes, 
AVilliam  lioltoii, 
Sanmel  Beiidei', 
"William  Carroll, 
Patrick  Dugan, 
Evan  Evans, 
"William  Foster, 
Thomas  Fletcher, 
John  Gaff, 
"William  Gordon, 
John  Garner, 
Ixichard  Keller, 
Samuel  Martin, 


James  M 'Curdy, 

Samuel  AI'Laughlin, 
William  Ovelman, 
Thomas  I'lummer, 
John  Snyder, 
AVilliam  Scull}', 
Jolm  Sreader, 
George  Stutf, 
Samuel  Smith, 
George  Shaffer, 
George  Uller. 
Christian  Wilhelm, 
Samuel  Weidner, 
Daniel  Weidner. 


MEBCERSBURG  COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER  5X11,  1812. 

Captain,  Patrick  Hays. 
Lieutenant,  John  Small. 
Ensign,  Samuel  Elder. 


SERGEANTS. 


First,  James  M'Quown, 
Second,  Jacob  Small, 


Third,  Jacob  Williams, 
Fourth,  George  Spangler. 


CORPORALS. 


Eirst,  Joseph  Herington, 
Second,  John  Donothen, 
Fifer,  John  Mull, 


Third,  Daniel  Leer, 
Fourth,  Jacob  Cain, 
Drummer,  Jacob  Wise. 


PRIVATES. 


James  Bennet, 
Isaac  Brubaker, 
Samuel  Craig, 
Joseph  Cunningham, 
■John  Crouch, 
John  Clapsaddle, 
Henry  Cline, 
William  Cooper, 
Samuel  Campbell, 
Alex.  Dunlap, 
Frederick  Divelbiss, 
David  Deitrick, 
John  Dunlap, 
James  Elder, 


Peter  Gaster, 
Jacob  Groscope, 
John  Harris, 
Jacob  Hodskins, 
Jonas  Hissong, 
William  Hart, 
John  Hallin, 
John  Hastier, 
John  Heart, 
James  Halland, 
Abraham  Hodskins, 
Peter  Kyler, 
John  King, 
Robert  M'Quown, 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  149 

Robert  M'Farland,  Charles  Pettet, 

William  M'Quown,  Henry  SiifTecool, 

John  Mowr}',  William  Suftecool, 

James  M'Dowell,  William  Stewart^ 

Charles  MTike,  Peter  Teach, 

Campbell  Montgomery,  Henry  Weaver, 

William  M'Curdy,  Daniel  Welker,, 

Samuel  Martin,  James  Walker, 

PATH  VALLEY  COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER  StH,  1812. 

Captain,  Michael  Harper. 
Lieutenant,  William  M'Kinzie. 
Ensign,  John  Campbell. 

SERGEANT?. 

First,  William  Irwin,  Third,  John  Widney,, 

Second,  James  M'Kinzie,  Fourth,  Hugh  Barrack. 

CORPORALS. 

First,  Jeremiah  Baker,  Third,  Samuel  Campbell, 

Second',  Francis M'CuUough,      Fourth,  James  Ginnevin. 

PRIVATEP. 

John  Cannon,  George  Irwin, 

Joseph  Dever,  James  Linn, 

Barnabas  Donnelly,  Samuel  Phillips, 
David  Evans,                             '   Isaac  Scooly, 

Barnabas  Fegan,  William  Smith, 

Jer.  Hockenberry,  Richard  Scott, 

James  Hockenberry,  James  Taylor, 

Peter  Hockenberry,  Peter  Timmons. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  year  1814,  the  General  Government 
having  made  a  call  upon  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  for  more 
troops.  Governor  Simon  Snyder,  about  the  beginning  of  Feb- 
ruary of  that  year,  ordered  a  draft  for  1,000  men  from  the 
counties  of  York,  Adams,  Franklin  and  Cumberland — Cum- 
berland county  to  raise  500  men,  and  the  other  counties  the 
balance.  The  qviota  of  Franklin  county  was  ordered  to  as- 
semble at  Loudon  on  the  1st  of  March,  1814.  What  was  its 
exact  number  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain. 

At  that  time  Captain  Samuel  Dunn,  of  Path  Valley  had  a 
small  volunteer  company  under  his  command,  numbering 
about  forty  men.  These,  I  am  informed,  volunteered  to  go  as 
part  of  the  quota  of  the  county,  and  were  accepted.     Drafts 


150  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FHANKLIN    COUNTY. 

were  then  made  to  furnish  the  balance  of  the  quota,  and  one 
full  company  of  drafted  men,  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Samuel  Gordon,  of  Waynesburg,  and  one  partial  company, 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Jacob  Stake,  of  Lurgan  town- 
ship, were  organized  and  assembled  at  Loudon  in  pursuance 
of  the  orders  of  the  Governor.  There  the  command  of  the 
detachment  was  assumed  by  Major  William  M'Lellan,  brigade 
Inspector  of  the  county,  who  conducted  it  to  Erie.  It  moved 
from  Loudon  on  the  4th  of  March,  and  was  twent3^-eight  days 
in  reaching  Erie.  According  to  Major  M'Clelland's  report  on 
file  in  the  Auditor  General's  office  at  Ilarrisburg,  it  was  com- 
posed of  one  major,  three  captains,  five  lieutenants,  two  en- 
signs and  two  hundred  and  twenty-one  privates. 

Dr.  Wm.  C.  Lane,  in  a  note,  sa}" s :  "  Captain  Jacob  Stake 
lived  along  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  between  Roxbury  and 
.Strasburg.  He  went  as  captain  of  a  company  of  drafted 
men,  as  far  as  Erie,  at  which  place  his  company  was  merged 
into  those  of  Captains  Dunn  and  Gordon,  as  the  commissions 
of  those  officers  anti-dated  his  commission,  and  there  were 
not  men  enough  in  their  companies  to  fill  them  up  to  the  re- 
quired complement." 

Upon  the  arrival  of  these  troops  at  Erie,  and  their  organi- 
zation into  companies,  they  were  put  into  the  fifth  regiment 
of  the  Pennsylvania  troops,  commanded  by  Colonel  James 
Eenton.  Of  that  regiment,  James  Wood,  of  Greencastle, 
was  major,  and  Thomas  Poe,  of  Antrim  township,  adjutant, 
the  whole  army  being  under  the  command  of  Major  General 
Jacob  Brown. 

Adjutant  Poe  is  reputed  to  have  been  a  gallant  officer,  one 
to  whom  fear  was  unknown.  On  one  occasion  he  quelled  a 
mutiny  among  the  men  in  camp,  unaided  by  any  other  person. 
The  mutineers  afterwards  declared  that  they  saw  death  in  his 
•eyes  when  he  gave  them  the  command  to  "return  to  quarters." 
He  fell  mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Chippewa,  July  6th, 
1814,  and  died  shortly  afterwards. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  roll  of  the  company  of  Cap- 
tain Dunn,  on  file  in  the  War  Departmant  at  Washington 
City: 

Captain,  Samuel  Dunn,  March  1st,  1814. 
First  Lieutenant,  James  M'Connell. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


151 


Second  Lieutenant,  Robert  Foot. 
Third  Lieutenant,  John  Favorite. 
Ensign,  William  Geddes. 


SERGEANTS. 


First,  John  Snively, 
Second,  Samuel  Baker, 


Third,  James  M'Henry, 
Fourth.  John  M.  Shannon. 


CORPORALS. 


First,  Thompson  Schools, 
Second,  William  Nevill, 


Third,  John  Witherow, 
Drummer,  John  Boggs, 


PRIVATES. 


Levi  Black, 
John  Brandt, 
Jesse  Beams, 
George  Bryan, 
Frederick  Boreaugh, 
Anthon}^  Bates, 
John  Barclay, 
John  Brewster, 
Hugh  Baker, 
John  Beat}', 
William  Buchanan, 
Andrew  Barclay, 
James  Connor, 
Samuel  Ci'eamer, 
John  Cunningham, 
James  Compton, 
Barnabas  Clark, 
Thomas  Cummings, 
Benjamin  Davis, 
Samuel  Davenport, 
John  Doyle, 
James  Elliott, 
Robert  Elder, 
Joseph  Fingerty, 
Abraham  Flagie, 
Jacob  Frush, 
Jere  Gift, 
Hugh  Henderson, 
Nehemiah  Harvey, 
Edward  Heil, 
Henry  Halby, 
Thomas  Hays, 


*  Robert  Hunter, 
John  Humbert, 
Henry  Hess, 
Robert  Johnston, 
Enoch  Johns, 
John  Krotzer, 
James  Keever, 
Michael  Kester, 
James  Kirkwood, 
Benjamin  Long, 
David  Lightner, 
Tobias  Long, 
Noah  Macky, 
John  M'Connell, 
Robert  M'Connell, 
James  Morehead, 
John  M'Dowell, 

f  Adam  Myers, 
George  Macomb, 
John  Miller, 
William  M'Clure, 
Samuel  Mateer, 
William  Moore, 
John  Marshal, 
James  M'Kim, 
Absalom  M'llwee, 
John  Murray, 
Joseph  Noble, 
John  Noble, 
John  Over, 
Joseph  Phipps, 
Thomas  Penwell, 


^Afterwards  Colonel  of  the  50th  Regiment.     fStill  living. 


152  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

George  Plucher,  John  Stewart, 

Mathias  Panther,  Barney  Shiptou, 

William  Reed,  John  Stake, 

Charles  Kunion,  David  Trindle, 

William  Ramsay,  William  Woods, 

Philip  Roan,  Richard  Wright, 

Jacob  Stevick,  John  Walkei-, 

Peter  Shell,  George  Wrist, 

Samuel  Swope,  William  Williams, 

John  Shell,  William  Westcott, 

John  Smith,  John  Young, 

John  Swanger,  Robert  Young, 

Jacob  Staley,  John  Young,  "■ 

William  Sheets,  *Jacob  Zettle, 

"This  company,"  says  Dr.  Lane,  "was  originally  armed  witb. 
rifles.  These  were  exchanged  at  Erie  for  regulation  muskets.. 
The  company  was  at  the  battles  of  Chippewa  and  Lundy's 
Lane,  and  guarded  British  prisoners  from  the  frontier  to 
Greenbush,  now  Alban}^,  New  York.  These  prisoners  num- 
bered more  than  220  privates  and  22  officers — among  the  latter 
General  Royal.  Dunn  lost  men  in  both  of  the  battles  named,, 
was  in  service  with  his  company  for  about  seven  mouths,  and 
"was  mustered  out  at  Albany,  New  York." 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  roll  of  Captain  Gordon's  com- 
pany, also  on  file  in  the  War  Department  at  Washington  city  : 

"SVAYNESBURG    COMPANY,  MARCH    IST,  1814. 

Captain,  Samuel  Gordon. 
First  Lieutenant,  William  Dick. 
Second  Lieutenant,  William  Patton. 
Third  Lieutenant,  James  Burns. 
Ensign,  William  Miller. 

SERGEANTS. 

First,  Hugh  Davison,  Third,  James  Scott, 

Second,  Charles  Miller,  Fourth,  Josiah  Gordon. 

CORPORALS. 

First,  Joseph  Arthur,  Third,  John  Podman, 

Second,  James  Hall,  Fourth,  Philip  Mason, 

Drummer,  Joseph  Shilling,         Fifer,  William  Burgiss. 

*Still  living. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY, 


153 


PRIVATES, 


Thomas  Allen, 
William  Alsip, 
Martin  Beard, 
Henry  Bauc:^hcr, 
Benjamiji  Bump, 
George  Burr, 
Frederick  Beverson, 
John  Baker, 
Michael  Borer, 
Jacob  Baker, 
Peter  Baker, 
Michael  Bear, 
Adam  Brown, 
Conrad  Croft, 
John  Coon, 
John  Craig, 
Richard  Cahil, 
William  Clem, 
John  Carver, 
William  Clark, 
Richard  Donahue, 
William  Divelbiss, 
John  Dowman, 
Edward  Detrick, 
George  Davis, 
Samuel  Dean, 
Jacob  Decmer, 
John  Davis, 
Adam  Duncan, 
Jacob  Eby, 
George  Ensminger, 
William  Edwards, 
Nathaniel  Tips, 
Joseph  Flora, 
John  Fisher, 
Michael  Fritz, 
Henry  Geiger, 
George  Glaze, 
Moses  Getrich, 
John  Greenl}^, 
John  Graham, 
John  Huber, 
Joseph  Hoffman, 
William  Hardin, 
George  Harmon}-, 


James  Hardy, 
John  Hawk, 
Peter  Harger. 
John  Irwin, 
David  Johnston, 
John  Jefferey, 
IS'athaniel  King, 
Jacob  Keefer, 
William  Kline. 
William  King, 
Peter  Keefer, 
Matthew  King, 
James  Logan, 
Benjamin  Lewis, 
Jacob  Liepert, 
John  M'Colley, 
John  M'Conuell, 
Alexander  M'MuUen, 
Peter  Myers, 
William  Miller, 
John  M'Neal, 
John  M'Clay, 
Philip  Myers, 
William  Mahaffy, 
Murdock  Mitchell, 
JohnM'Curdy, 
Robert  M'Clelland, 
Daniel  Mentzer, 
G.  M.  Miller, 
George  M filer, 
George  Neff, 
Joseph  Neal, 
jSTathan  Phipps, 
Abraham  Piaceare, 
William  Pearslake, 
Thomas  Poe, 
Erasmus  Quarters 
Andrew  Robertson, 
William  Reeseman, 
John  Rittcr, 
Adam  Rankin, 
Adam  Ream, 
Christopher  Sites, 
Frederick  Stumbaugh, 
Jacob  Stauffer, 


154  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Nicholas  Smith,  Henry  linger. 

Jacob  Smith,  William  Wolf, 

Henr}'  Satin,  William  Whitman, 

Joseph  Tiee,  Henry  Weaver. 
James  Thompson, 

On  the  24th  of  August,  1814,  the  battle  of  Bladensburg 
was  fought,  and  the  Americans,  under  General  Winder,  were 
defeated  by  the  British,  under  Major  General  Ross.  The 
same  day  the  enemy  entered  Washington  city  and  burned  the 
Capitol  and  other  public  buildings.  When  the  news  of  these 
events  reached  our  quiet  town  the  people  were  greatly  aroused, 
and,  report  saj^s,  they  at  once  despatched  a  messenger  to  the 
National  authorities  at  Washington  city  to  learn  if  more 
troops  were  desired,  and  whether  volunteers  would  be  re- 
ceived. The  government  gladly  accepted  the  proffered  aid, 
and  directed  that  all  the  troops  raised  should  march  at  once 
for  Baltimore,  as  it  was  feared  that  the  invaders  would  next 
make  an  attack  upon  that  cit}-. 

The  messenger  arrived  here  at  midnight,  and  found  a  large 
number  of  the  citizens  anxiously  awaiting  his  coming.  The 
bells  were  rung,  the  town  aroused,  and  the  drum  and  fife 
called  the  people  to  arms.  In  a  few  days  seven  companies 
were  fully  organized  and  equipped  and  on  the  march  to  Bal- 
timore. One  of  these  was  a  troop  of  cavalry  from  Mercers- 
burg,  under  Captain  Matthew  Patton,  which  marched  to 
Baltimore,  but  was  not  accepted,  as  cavalry  were  not  then 
needed.  Upon  learning  that  they  would  not  be  received  as 
cavalry,  many  of  the  members  of  this  company  disposed  of 
their  horses  and  joined  the  infantry. 

The  following  are  the  rolls  of  the  companies  of  Captains 
John  Findlay  and  Samuel  D.  Culbertson,  of  Chambersburg ; 
Thomas  Bard,  of  Mercersburg  ;  Andrew  Robison,  of  Green- 
castle  ;  John  Flanagan,  of  Waynesburg,  and  William  Alex- 
ander, of  Fannettsburg,  as  they  remain  on  file  in  the  War 
Department  at  Washington  city  : 

CHAMBER&BURG   COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER,  1814. 

Captain,  John  Findlay. 

First  Lieutenant,  John  Snider. 

Second  Lieutenant,  Greenberry  Murphy. 

Ensign,  John  Hershberger. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIX    COUNTY. 


155 


SERGEANTS. 


First,  Joseph  Severns, 
Second,  Andrew  Rea, 
Third,  Henry  Smith, 


Fourth,  Jeremiah  Senseny, 
Fifth,  Jacob  Fedder. 


CORPORALS. 


First,  John  Robison, 
Second,  George  W.  Lester, 


Third,  Jacpblleck, 
Fourth,  Jacob  Bickley. 


PRIVATES. 


Jacob  Abrahams, 
John  Berlin, 
Peter  Bonebrake, 
John  Baxter, 
James  Buchanan, 
John  Brindle, 
William  Bratten, 
Benjamin  Blythe, 
John  Baughman, 
John  Bucher, 
Jacob  Bittinger, 
Abraham  Burkholder, 
Frederick  ]]est, 
Daniel  Grouse, 
Joseph  Campbell, 
James  Garberry, 
Conrad  Clouse, 
Joseph  Cope, 
John  Glugston, 
M'Farlin  Cammel, 
Conrad  Draher, 
Daniel  Dechert, 
William  Dugan, 
James  Dixon, 
John  Eaton, 
Simon  Eaker, 
Benjamin  Firnwalt, 
Henry  Fry, 
Thomas  Fletcher, 
Henry  Ganter, 
Jacob  George, 
John  Gillespy, 
Jacob  Glosser, 
John  Gelwicks, 
Michael  Helman, 
Thomas  Hall, 


William  Harman, 
James  Huston, 
Daniel  Helman, 
Isaac  Irvin, 
Thomas  Jones, 
William  Kinneard, 
David  Keller, 
Thomas  Kaise}', 
Jacob  Laufman, 
John  Lucas, 
Reuben  Monroe, 
Robert  M'Afee, 
Daniel  M'Allister, 
William  M'Kesson, 
William  M'Kean, 
William  Mills, 
Samuel  M'PJlro}-, 
Soyer  M'Faggen, 
John  Milone, 
David  Mentzer, 
Jacob  M'Ferren, 
Cammel  Montgomer}', 
David  Mumma, 
Xiudwick  Xitterhouse, 
Samuel  Nogel, 
John  Nitterhouse, 
Jacob  Neff, 
John  Nixon, 
John  Porter, 
Edward  Ruth, 
Jacob  Reichert, 
Jolin  Radebaugh, 
Elijah  Sargeant, 
Charles  Stuard, 
Samuel  Shillito, 
Daniel  Sharp, 


156  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

William  Sipes,  Jacob  Wolfkill, 

Jacob  Spitel,  Josiali  Wallace, 

Ivoss  Sharp,  David  White, 

Joseph  Suttey,  Matthew  Wright, 

John  Tritle,  James  Westbay, 

John  Todd,  Hugh  Woods, 

Joseph  Wilson,  William  White, 

Benjamin  Wiser,  George  Young, 

James  Walker,  George  Zimmerman. 

CHAMBERSBURG  COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER,  1814. 

Captain,  Samuel  D.  Culbertson. 
First  Lieutenant,  John  M'Clintock. 
Second  Lieutenant,  George  K.  Harper. 
Ensign,  John  Stevenson. 

SERGEANTS. 

First,  Andrew  Calhoun,  Third,  Stephen  Rigler. 

Second,  John  Calhoun,  Fourth,  Alex.  Allison, 

CORPORALg. 

First,  Hugh  Greenfield,  Third,  Samuel  Beatty, 

Second,  James  Wilson,  Fourth,  John  Andrew. 

PRIVATES. 

John  Arntt,  William  Ferry, 

Henry  Burchett,  Isaac  Grier, 

John  Besore,  Jacob  Grove, 

Samuel  Brand,  Henr}'  Greenawalt, 

Matthew  Besore,  William  Grove, 

George  Beaver.  Paul  Hocflich, 

James  Crawford,  John  Holmes, 

Holmes  Crawford,  Wm.  Heyser, 

Augustus  Capron,  Joseph  Housem, 

William  Cook.  John  Hutchinson, 

James  Campbell,  George  ILarris,''^.-,:^ 

Edward  Crawford,  Herman  Helfmire, 

Edward  Capron,  John  Hinkle,V;       , .  ;^. 

Peter  Craytou,  Michael  S.  Johns, 

John  Devine,  William  Jamison, 

William  Denny.  George  Jasonsky, 

Joseph  Duffield.  John  Kindline, 

John  Denig.  Jacob  Kelker, 

John  Dougherty,  Andrew  Lindsay, 

Joseph  Erven,  William  M.  M'Dowell,, 

Benjamin  Fahnestock,  John  M'Bride, 


IirSTOmCAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


157 


Patrick  Murray, 
John  M'Cormick, 
Georire  B  M'Kio-ht, 
Thomas  G.  M'C'ulloh, 
Henry  Merklein, 
John  Nunemacher, 
William  Nochtwine, 
George  Oyster, 
John  O'Neal, 
Samuel  Porter, 
William  Reynolds, 
James  D.  Kiddle, 
Philip  Reges, 
John  Reed, 
Samuel  Ruthrauff, 
William  Richey, 
Adam  Rtiemer, 
George  Simpson, 


William  Schcepflin, 
John  Snider, 
Samuel  Shillito, 
William  Shane, 
Daniel  Stevenson, 
Jacob  Smith, 
David  Tritle. 
Robert  Thompson, 
Abraham  Yoress^ 
Bernard  Wolff, 
Jacob  Widefelt, 
John  Weaver, 
John  Whitmore, 
John  B.  Watts, 
James  Warden, 
Joseph  Wallace, 
George  Willison. 


MERCERSBURG    COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER,  1814, 

Captain,  Thomas  Bard. 
First  Lieutenant,  James  M'Dowell. 
Second  Lieutenant,  John  Johnston. 
Ensign,  Joseph  Bowers. 


SERGEANTS 


First,  A.  T.  Dean, 
Second^  G.  DulField, 


Third,  Thomas  Smith, 
Fourth,  G.  Spangler. 


CORPORALS. 


First,  William  Smith,  Third,  William  M'Dowell, 

Second,  Thomas  Grubb,  Fourth,  Thomas  Johnston. 

Fifer,  John  Mull. 


PRIVATES. 


John  Abbott, 
John  Brown, 
Archibald  Bard, 
Robert  Carson, 
John  Coxe, 
John  Campbell, 
Samuel  Craig, 
John  Cox,  Jr., 
John  Donnyhon, 
Joseph  Dick, 
Joseph  Dunlap, 


Peter  Elliott, 
Jeremiah  Evans, 
John  Furley, 
Leonard  Gaff, 
John  Glaze, 
Joseph  Garvin, 
James  Garver, 
William  Glass, 
Henry  Garner, 
William  Hart, 
Joseph  Harrington, 


158 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  FRANKLIN   COUNTY, 


James  Hamilton, 
James  Harrison, 
Fredericlv  Henchy, 
John  Ilarrer, 
William  Houston, 
Samuel  Johnston, 
John  King, 
John  Liddy, 
James  M'Howell, 
John  M'Clelland, 
Thomas  C.  M'Dowell, 
William  M'Dowell,  Sr., 
George  M'Ferren, 
James  Montgomery-, 
James  M'Neal, 
Augustus  M'Neal, 
Samuel  Markle, 
John  M 'Curdy, 
Robert  M'Coy, 
John  M'Culloch, 
John  Maxwell, 


William  M'Kinstry, 
Matthew  Patton, 
Charles  Pike, 
David  llobston, 
William  Stewart, 
Thomas  Speer, 
James  Sheilds, 
David  Smith, 
George  Stevens, 
John  Sybert, 
Thomas  Squire, 
Conrad  Stinger, 
Samuel  Witherow, 
Thomas  Williamson, 
William  Wilson, 
John  Werlby, 
John  Witherow, 
James  Walker, 
William  Rankin, 
Thomas  Waddle, 
Christopher  Wise. 


GREENCASTLE  COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER,  1814. 

Captain,  Andrew  Robison. 
First  Lieutenant,  John  Brotherton. 
Second  Lieutenant,  James  Mitchell. 
Ensign,  Jacob  Besore. 


SERGEANTS. 


First,  James  Walker, 
Second,  Andrew  Snively, 


Third,  Thomas  Wilson, 
Fourth,  Arch'd  Fleming. 


CORPORALS. 


First,  John  Randall,  Third,  George  Sackett, 

Second,  George  Bellows,  Fourth,  Alex.  Aiken. 

Paymaster,  William  Carson. 


PRIVATES. 


William  Armstrong,  Jr., 
John  Allison, 
William  Bratten, 
Robert  Bruce, 
John  Billings, 
Henry  Beattj', 
Samuel  Bradle}^, 
William  H.  Brotherton, 


James  Brotherton, 
Robert  Brotherton, 
Frederick  Baird, 
John  Boggs, 
Benjamin  Core, 
Walter  B.  Clark, 
William  Clark, 
George  Clark, 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRA^'KLIN    COUNTY. 


159 


Frederick  Carpenter, 
William  Coffroth, 
James  Camion, 
Jesse  Peman, 
John  Dennis, 
James  Davison, 
William  T.  Dugan, 
Samuel  Foreman, 
George  Flora, 
David  FuUerton, 
John  Garner, 
Robert  Guinea, 
Hugh  Guinea, 
Edward  Gordon, 
William  Gallagher, 
John  Gaff", 
Frederick  Gearhart, 
Peter  Gallagher, 
William  Harger, 
John  Henneberger, 
Joseph  Hughes, 
William  Irwin, 
James  Johnston, 
Jonathan  Keyser, 
Matthew  Kenned}', 
William  Krepps, 
George  Kuy, 
John  M'Cune, 
Adam  M'Callister, 
James  M'Gaw, 
James  M'Cord, 
William  M'Graw, 
William  H.  Miller, 
William  Moreland, 
John  M'Connell, 
Samuel  M'Cu^chen, 
John  Miller, 


Archibald  M'Lane, 
Abraham  M'Cutchen, 
John  M'Coy, 
John  B.  M'Lanahan, 
John  M'Clellan, 
Samuel  Nigh, 
Robert  Owen, 
James  Foe, 
John  Paiiv, 
Jacob  Poper, 
J.  Piper, 
John  Reed, 
Roger  Rice, 
A.  B.  Rankin, 
John  Rowe,  Sr., 
John  Rogers, 
John  Shira, 
Charles  Stewart, 
Adam  Sa3der, 
John  Shearer, 
Sam'l  Statler,  (of  Eman'l), 
George  Schreder, 
Henry  Sites, 
George  Speckman, 
John  Snyder, 
Robert  Smith, 
John  Shaup, 
George  UUer, 
William  Yandei'aw, 
•  Thomas  Welsh, 
James  Wilson, 
George  Wallaek, 
Christian  Wilhelm, 
Christian  Wise, 
John  Weaver, 
Thomas  Walker, 
Alexander  Younar. 


WAYNESBURG  COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER,  1814. 

Captain,  John  Flanagan. 
Lieutenant,  William  Bivins. 
Ensio-n.  Daniel  M'Farlin. 


SERGEANTS. 


First,  Robert  Gordon, 
Second,  George  Cochran, 


Third,  William  Downey, 
Fourth.  George  Foreman, 


160 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


PRIVATES. 


Samuel  Allison, ' 
John  Bowman, 
John  Bormest, 
Christian  Beclilel, 
David  Beaver, 
William  Barnet, 
Hugh  Blair, 
William  Call, 
James  Duncan, 
Joseph  Fulton, 
Jacob  Fry, 
Loudon  Fullerton, 
James  Fullerton, 
James  Getteys, 
George  Gettier, 
Samuel  Green, 
Peter  Ilaulman, 
Daniel  Haulman, 
James  Harshman, 
David  HefFner, 
Daniel  Hartman, 


James  Hayden, 
George  Koontz, 
Daniel  Logan, 
John  Logan, 
William  Moone}', 
Joseph  Misner, 
James  M'Cray, 
William  M'Dowell, 
John  Oellig, 
Maximillian  Obermeyer, 
George  Price, 
Robert  Bay, 
Abraham  Koberson, 
Adam  Stonebraker, 
John  Sheffler, 
John  Stoner, 
David  Springer, 
Alex.  Stewart, 
George  Weagley, 
David  Weaver. 


FANNETTSBURO    COMPANY,  SEPTEMBER,  1814. 

Captain,  William  Alexander. 
Lieutenant,  Francis  M'Connell.  v^ 
Ensign,  James  Barkley. 


SERGEANTS. 


First,  John  M'Clay, 
Second,  Richard  Childerson, 


Third,  Peter  Foreman, 
Fourth,  William  Young. 


COPORAL. 


John  Sterrett. 


i 


PRIVATES 


James  Alexander, 
Thomas  Childerstone, 
Edward  Dunn, 
John  Elder, 
Noah  Elder, 
William  Finnertj'', 
Andrew^  Foreman, 
Thomas  Geddis, 
Thomas  Harry, 


John  Harrj", 
John  Hill, 
George  Houston, 
Samuel  Hockenberry, 
James  Irwin, 
James  Jones, 
David  Kyle, 
Robert  Le"vvis, 
John  Little, 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  161 

James  M'Connell,  Peter  Piper, 

Robert  M'Kleary,  John  Patterson, 

Hugh  Maxwell,  John  Ryan, 

Robert  M'Millon,  William  Shiitter, 

John  M'Allen,  Arthur  Shields, 

John  M'Kee,  John  Yanlear, 

James  M'Kibben,  David  Witherow, 

Joseph  M'Kelvey,  James  Wallace, 

John  Neal,  Peter  Wilt. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  these  troops  at  Baltimore  they  Avere  or- 
ganized into  a  regiment  under  the  command  of  John  Findley,^ 
of  this  count}'.     The  following  is  the  roster  of  the  regimental 
officers:    Colonel,  John   Findley  ;   Major,   David   Fullerton 
Surgeon,  Dr.  John  M'Clelland  ;  First  Mate,  Dr.  John  Boggs 
Second  Mate,  Dr.  Jesse  M'Gaw ;  Adjutant,  James  M'Dowell 
Quartermaster,  Thomas  G.  M'CuUoh ;  Sergeant  Major,  Andrew 
Lindsay  ;  Quartermaster  Sergeant,  William  Carson  ;  Pa3^mas- 
master  General,  George  Clark,  Esq. 

Upon  the  election  of  Captain  Findley  as  colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment. Lieutenant  William  Young  "was  elected  captain  of  the 
company  in  his  stead.  These  troops  march  on  the  25th  of  Au- 
gust, 1814,  and  were  in  service  until  the  23d  of  September  fol- 
lowing, when  they  were  discharged. 

THE    MEXICAN    WAR. 

The  annexation  of  Texas  to  the  United  States  was  the  pri- 
mary cause  of  this  war.  This  was  consummated  on  the  4th  of 
Jvily,  1845,  b}'  the  action  of  the  Legislature  of  Texas,  giving 
approval  to  the  bill  passed  b}^  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  for  the  anion  of  the  two  republics.  The  Mexican  au- 
thorities became  very  indignant  and  withdrew  their  minister 
from  Washington,  with  threats  of  war.  The  United  States 
government  felt  itself  bound  to  sustain  the  independence  and 
territorial  claims  of  Texas,  and  Mexico  refusing  the  overtures 
of  our  government  for  a  peaceable  settlement  of  the  boundary 
lines  between  the  two  countries,  General  Taylor,  early  in  1846, 
was  ordered  to  advance  to  the  Rio  Grande,  the  boundary 
claimed  by  Texas,  and  occupy  the  disputed  territory.  The 
Mexicans,  under  General  Ampudia,  on  the  8th  of  May,  1846, 
were  defeated  by  him  at  Palo  Alto ;  and  on  the  next  day  were 
a  second  time  defeated  at  Resaca  de  la  Palma,  with  a  loss  of 
11 


162  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

near  1,000  men.  On  the  11th  of  May,  184G,  Congress  declared 
that  war  existed  by  the  act  of  Mexico.  The  news  of  the  com- 
mencement of  hostilities  occasioned  the  greatest  excitement 
throughout  this  countr}^  Ten  millions  of  dollars  were  voted 
hy  Congress  to  carrj^  on  the  war,  and  the  President  was  au- 
thorized to  accept  the  services  of  fifty  thousand  volunteers. 
Within  a  few  weeks  over  two  lumdred  thousand  men  volun- 
teered for  the  war.  In  the  spring  of  1847  Captain  Martin  M. 
Moore,  of  Washington  city,  received  authority  to  recruit  a 
company  in  Pennsylvania,  for  the  Mexican  war.  He  opened  a 
recruiting  office  in  Chambersburg,  and  very  soon  enlisted  a 
large  company,  paying  a  bounty  of  twelve  dollars  per  man, 
with  the  right  to  each  recruit  to  receive,  when  discharged,  one 
hundred  and  ^ixt}'  acres  of  land,  or  a  treasury  scrip,  or  certificate 
for  one  hundred  dollars,  bearing  six  per  cent,  interest.  This 
company  left  Chambersburg  on  the  lUh  of  March,  1847,  num- 
bering one  hundred  and  twenty-two  men,  rank  and  file.  The 
oflficers  were  : 

Captain,  Martin  M.  Moore. 

First  Lieutenant,  Charles  T.  Campbell. 

Second  Lieutenant,  Horace  Haldeman. 

Third  Lieutenant, Mead. 

This  compan}^  marched  to  Pittsburg  by  w\ay  of  Bedford, 
where  it  i-eceived  some  additional  recruits.  It  was  called  com- 
pany B,  eleventh  regiment  United  States  infantry.  It  reached 
Brasos  Santiago,  aboMt  the  17th  of  April,  1847,  and  was  for  a 
considerable  time  in  garrison  at  Tampico,  Mexico,  where  a 
number  of  the  men  died  of  yellow  fever.  From  Tampico  the 
company  passed  to  Yera  Cruz,  and  accompanied  our  army  to 
the  city  of  Mexico.  Peace  was  secured  by  the  treaty  of  Cau- 
dal oupe  Hidalgo,  February  2d,  1848,  though  not  formallj'  pro- 
claimed until  the  4th  of  Jul}^  following. 

Captain  Moore  was  dismissed  from  the  service  at  Tampico, 
and  thereafter  the  company  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant 
Charles  T.  Campbell.  At  the  time  of  the  signing  of  the  treaty 
of  peace  this  company  was  in  the  interior  of  Mexico,  seventy-five 
miles  above  the  cit}^  of  Mexico.  On  the  route  home  they  met 
a  number  of  men  going  out  to  join  the  compau}'.  On  the  re- 
turn of  the  company'  to  New  York,  about  the  27th  of  Julj-, 
1848,  it  had  but  about  tAventy-four  men  in  its  ranks.     I  tried 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  16S 

to  get  a  copy  of  the  roll  of  the  company,  but  the  authorities 
at  Washington  city  refused  to  give  it  for  any  purpose. 

Ca[)tain  Whipple  and  Lieutenant  Hanson  also  recruited  a 
number  of  men  for  this  war  in  our  county.  The  whole  num- 
ber recruited  could  not  have  been  less  than  two  hundred. 

THE    WAR    or    THE    REBELLION. 

The  contribution  of  our  county  to  the  armies  that  fought 
for  the  preservation  of  the  Union  in  the  late  war  of  the  rebel- 
lion, was  quite  large,  and  verj-  creditable  to  the  patriotism  of 
our  people.  A  full  and  complete  record  of  these  gallant  troops 
is  to  be  found  in  "Bates'  History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Yolun- 
teers,"  published  by  authority  of  the  State  of  Penns3dvania^ 
and  it  would  therefore  be  useless  to  encumber  the  pages  of  this 
sketch  with  a  statement  of  their  names  and  the  officers  who 
commanded  them.  Besides,  such  lists,  even  if  published,  woulci 
by  no  means  show  who  went  out  from  our  county  in  defence, 
of  their  country  in  the  hour  of  her  need  and  peril ;  for  many 
of  them  joined  companies  outside  of  the  county,  and  their 
names  and  locations  are  only  distinguishable  by  those  who 
knew  them.  I  shall,  therefore,  merely  give  the  names  of  the 
companies  and  regiments,  with  their  commanders. 

THREE    months'    MEN 1861. 

In  April,  1861,  the  second  regiment  of  the  three  months'  men: 
was  organized  at  Camp  Curtin,  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Frederick  S.  Stumbaugh,  of  Charabersburg.  In  it  were  the 
following  companies  from  our  county,  viz. : 

Company  A,  Captain  Peter  B.  Housum,  7*7  officers  and  men. 
"       ^    B,         "        John  Doebler,  73         "  "■ 

"  C,         "        James  G.  Elder,      73         "  " 

This  regiment  was  in  service  from  the  21st  of  April,  1861  ^ 
until  the  26th  of  July,  1861. 

THREE  YEAKS'  MEN. 

35Tn    REGIMENT 6TH    RESERVES. 

On  the  22d  of  June,  1861,  this  regiment  was  organized  at 
Camp  Curtin,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  W.  WaUace 
Ricketts,  of  Columbia  county.  The  only  company  in  it  from 
our  county,  was — 


16J:  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

'Company  D,  Captain  William  D.  Dixon,  103  ofticers  and  men. 

On  the  12tli  of  September,  1863,  Captain  Dixon  was  pro- 
jnoted  to  the  lieutenant  colonelcy  of  the  regiment,  which  was 
mustered  out  of  service,  June  14th,  1864. 

41ST    REGIMENT 12TU    RESERVES. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Camp  Curtin,  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  Jolin  H.  Taggert,  of  Philadelphia,  pri- 
marily for  the  three  months'  service,  but  not  being  accepted, 
Avas  mustered  into  the  State  service  for  three  years  from  the 
date  of  enlistment.  On  the  10th  of  August,  1861,  it  was  mus- 
tered into  the  United  States  service.  The  only  company  in  it 
:irom  our  count}^  was — 

Company  K,  Captain  John  S,  Eyster,  93  officers  and  men. 

The  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  June  11th,  1864. 

43d    REGIMENT — IST    ARTILLERY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Camp  Curtin,  under  the 
ecommand  of  Colonel  Charles  T.  Campbell,  in  May,  1861. 
Company  B,  Captain  Hezekiah  Easton,  was  from  our  county. 
It  had  in  it,  during  its  term  of  service,  three  hundred  and 
twenty-three  officers  and  men.  On  the  21th  of  June,  1862, 
Captain  Easton  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Gaines'  Mill,  and 
<!OU  the  25th  of  July,  1865,  after  four  3^ears  and  four  months 
service,  the  battery  was  mustered  out  at  Harrisburg. 

TTtu  regiment. 

This  regiment  was  organized  in  October,  1861,  by  the  elec- 
tion of  Frederick  S.  Stumbaugh  colonel  and  Peter  B.  Housum 
lieutenant  colonel,  both  of  whom  were  from  our  county.  The 
following  company  was  from  our  count}^,  viz. : 

Company  A,  Captain  Samuel  R.  M'Kesson,  219  officers  and 
.men. 

Parts  of  companies  D,  G  and  H,  were  also  from  our  county. 
On  the  16th  of  January,  1866,  the  regiment  was  mustered  out 
.of  the  service  at  Philadelphia. 

8tTH  regiment. 

This  regiment  was  originally  organized  in  September,  1861, 
under  Colonel  George  Hay.  In  September,  1864,  it  was  re-or- 
ganized.    In  March,  1865,  company  K,  Captain  D.  B.  Greena- 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  165 

wait,  of  oiir  county,  eightj^-seven  officers  and  men,  was  assigned 
to  it.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  June 
29th,  1865. 

103d  regiment. 

This  regiment  was  organized  on  the  24th  of  February,  1862^ 
under  Colonel  Theodore  F.  Lehman,  and  was  re-organized  and 
filled  up  in  March,  1865,  when  company  A,  Captain  Elias  K.^ 
Lehman,  eightj^-eight  officers  and  men,  from  our  county,  became 
connected  with  it.  The  war  having  closed,  the  regiment  was 
mustered  out  of  service  on  the  25th  of  June,  1865. 

lOtTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Harrisburg  on  the  5th  of 
March,  1862,  by  the  election  of  Thomas  A.  Ziegle,  of  York 
county,  colonel,  and  Robert  W.  M'AUen,  of  Franklin  count}', 
lieutenant  colonel.  One  company,  viz  :  Company  K,  Captain 
A.  Jackson  Brand,  was  from  our  county,  and  had  in  it  during 
its  term  of  service  one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  officers  and  men. 
There  were  also  a  number  of  Franklin  county  men  in  the  other 
companies.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
July  13th,  1865. 

108th    REGIMENT — 11  Til    CAVALRY. 

Colonels,  Josiah  Harlen  and  Samuel  P.  Spear. 

Lieutenant  Colonel,  George  Stetzel. 

Major,  John  S.  Nimmon. 

A  large  number  of  the  men  of  this  I'egimeut  were  from  our 

county,  especially  those  in  company  D,  Captains  R.  B.  Ward 

and  John  S.  Nimmon.     The  regiment  was  organized  October 

5th,  1861,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  July  13th,  1865. 

112th    REGIMENT — 2d    ARTILLERY. 

Colonel,  Charles  Angeroth,  Sr. 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  B.  F.  Winger. 
A  large  number  of  the  men  composing  this  regiment  were  re- 
cruited in  our  county.     It  was  organized  in  January,  1862,  and 
was  mustered  out  of  service  at  City  Point,  Yirginia,  on  the 
29th  of  January,  1866. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRAKKLIN    COUNTY. 

^^INE   MONTHS'  MEN. 

12CTII    REGIMENT 18G2. 

This  regiment  was  recruited  iu  about  three  weeks  time,  and 
irendezA'Oused  at  Camp  Curtin,  Ilarrisljurg,  between  the  6th 
.and  10th  of  August,  1802,  when  a  regimental  organization 
•was  effected,  with  the  following  field  officers,  viz  :  James  G. 
Elder,  colonel;  D.  Watson  Kowe,  lieutenant  colonel;  and 
James  C.  Austin,  major.  Many  of  the  officers  and  men  had 
served  in  the  second  regiment,  for  three  months'  service.  The 
following  companies  were  from  our  count}^,  viz : 

Company  A,  Capt.,  John  Doebler,  102  officers  and  men. 
A-bout  one-half  of 

Company  B,  Capt.,  James  C  Austin,  48  "  "  " 
"  C,  "  Robert  S.Brownson,  99  "  "  '' 
"  D,  "  John  H.  Reed,  101  "  "  " 
"  E,  "  AVilliam  H.  Walker,  99  "  "  " 
"  G,  "  George  L.  Miles,  93  "  "  " 
"  H,  "  John  H.Walker,  94  "  "  " 
"  K,  "  1).  Watson  Rowe,  101  "  "  " 
The  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  at  Harrisburg, 
<J3n  the  20th  of  May,  1863. 

158th  regiment. 
This  regiment  was  from  Cumberland,  Franklin  and  Fulton 
•counties,  and  was  organized  at  Chambersburg  in  the  early  part 
of  November,  1862,  with  David  B.  M'Kibben,  of  the  regular 
4irmy,  as  colonel ;  Elias  S.  Troxel,  of  our  county,  as  lieuten- 
-ant  colonel ;  and  Martin  C.  Hale,  of  Cumberland  county,  as 
.major.     The  following  companies  were  from  our  county,  viz  : 
<Compaiiy  B,  Capt.,  Elias  K.  Lehman,         108  officers  and  men. 
'^     .    D,      "       Archibald  R.  Rhea,      105       "         "      " 
■"        JE,       "       Elias  S.  Troxell,  104       "         "      " 

-"         G,      "       Michael  W.  Trair,        102       "         "      " 
•"         I,       "       WilliamE.  M'Dowell,  102       "         "      " 
'The  'regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Chambersburg, 
iA>ugust  12th,  1863. 

THREE  YEARS'  MEN. 

161ST    REGIMENT — 16tH    CAVALRY. 

Colonel,  John  Irvin  Gregg. 
Was  organized  18th  November  1862.     Company  H,  of  this 
iregiment,  under  command  of  Captain  W.  H.  SuUenberger,  was 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  167 

from  this  county,  and  had  in  it  two  hundred  and  three  officers 
and  men.  It  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Richmond,  Ya., 
August  7th,  1865. 

162d  regiment — ITth  cavalry. 

This  regiment  was  organized  18th  October,  1862,  under  Jo- 
siah  H.  Kellogg  as  colonel.  Company  G,  Captain  Luther  B. 
Kurtz,  one  hundred  and  forty-seven  officers  and  men,  was 
from  our  county.  It  was  mustered  out  of  service  August  16th, 
1865. 

NINE  MONTHS'  MEN— DRAFTED  MILITIA. 

165th  regiment. 

Colonel,  Charles  H.  Buehler. 
This  regiment  was  organized  6th  December,  1862,  at  Gettys- 
burg.    Company  A,  Captain  Charles  A.  Funk,  one  hundred 
and  one  officers  and  men,  was  from  our  county.     It  was  mus- 
tered out  of  service  at  Gettysburg,  28th  July,  1863. 

SIX  MONTHS'  MEN. 

182d  regiment — 21st  cavalry'. 

Colonel,  William  H.  Boyd. 
This    regiment    was    organized    at    Chambersburg,    about 
August,  1863,  for  six  months'  service.     The  following  com- 
panies were  raised  in  our  county,  viz. : 

Company  D,  Capt.  Josiah  C.  Hullinger,  105  officers  and  men. 
"        H,      "     Samuel  Walker,  92      "  "      " 

"  I,      "     Christian  R.  Pisle,     100      "  "      " 

"        K,      "     Robert  J.  Boyd,  83      "  "      " 

"         L,      "     George  L.  Miles,         102      "  "      " 

In  Februar}^,  1864,  the  regiment  was  reorganized  for  a  three 
years'  service,  under  the  former  field  and  staff  officers,  and 
with  the  following  company  officers  from  our  county,  viz. : 
Company  D,  Capt.  Josiah  C.  Hullinger,    68  officers  and  men. 
"         E,     "      Wm.  H.  Boyd,  Jr.,   in  part  from  our  county. 
"        K,     "      Henry  C.  Phenicie,  139  officers  and  men. 
"         L,     "      John  H.  Harmony,  133       "  "       " 

The  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Appomattox 
Court  House,  on  the  8th  of  July,  1865. 


168  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

ONE  YEARS'  MEN. 

201ST    REGIMENT. 

Colonel,  F.  Asbury  Awl. 
Part  of  company  K,  Captain  Alexander  C.  Landis,  of  this- 
regiment,  was  from  our  county. 

205th  regiment. 

Colonel,  Joseph  A.  Matthews. 
Part  of  company  G,  Captain    Erasmus    D.  Wilt,   of   this; 
regiment,  was  from  our  county. 

207th  regiment. 

Colonel,  Robert  C.  Cox. 
This  regiment  was  organized  at  Camp  Curtiu,  September 
8th,   1864.     About  one-half  of  Company  F,  Captain  Martin 
G.  Hale,  was  from  this  county.     The  regiment  was  mustered' 
out  May  13th,  1865. 

209TII  regiment. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Camp  Curtin  on  the  16th 
of  September,  1864,  with  Tobias  B.  Kauffman  as  colonel ; 
George  W.  Frederick,  lieutenant  colonel ;  and  John  L.  Ritchey, 
of  our  county,  as  major.  It  had  in  it  from  our  county  the 
company  of  Captain  John  L.  Pvitche^^,  ninety-two  officers  and 
men.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  on  the  31st 
of  May,  1865,  near  Alexandria,  Virginia. 

210th  regiment. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Camp  Curtin  on  the  24th  of 
September,  1864,  with  William  Sergeant  as  colonel.  A  large 
part  of  company  D,  of  this  regiment.  Captain  H.  W.  M'Knight,. 
was  from  our  county,  and  there  were  also  many  men  from 
this  county  in  the  other  companies  of  the  regiment.  The 
regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  May  30th,  1865. 

independent  battery  b. 

Captain,  Charles  F.  Muehler. 
"^      Captain,  Alanson  J.  Stevens. 
A  large  part  of  this  battery  was  recruited  in  our  county  for 
the  seventy-seventh  regiment  b}-  Captain  Peter  B.  Housum,. 
and  on   his  promotion  to   the   lieutenant   colonelcy  of  the. 


UrSTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  169 

seventy-seventh,  the  men  were  transferred  to  the  company  of 
Captain  Muehler,  and  mustered  into  service  November  6th, 
18G1.  Captain  Stevens  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Murfrees- 
boro,  and  Captain  Samuel  M.  M'Dowell  succeeded  to  the 
command.  He  was  killed  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Georgia,  2^ 
June,  1864.    It  was  mustered  out  of  service  October  12th,  1865. 

MILITIA  AND  EMERGENCY  TROOPS. 

INDEPENDENT  COMPANIES. 

Captain  John  Jeffries  ;  ninety-four  officers  and  men.  Or- 
ganized September  5th,  1862.  Discharged  September  2tth, 
1862. 

Captain  John  W.  Douglas  ;  eighty-five  officers  and  men. 
Organized  September  1st,  1862.  Discharged  September  16th, 
1862. 

Captain  James  H.  Montgomerj' ;  eighty-nine  officers  and 
men.  Organized  September  8th,  1862.  Discharged  September 
20th,  1862. 

Captain  George  W.  E3'ster ;  sixty-two  officers  and  men. 
Organized  September  12th,  1862.  Discharged  October  1st. 
1862. 

Captain  John  Denny  Walker  ;  sixty-five  officers  and  men. 
Organized  September  11th,  1862.  Discharged  September 
2nh,  1862. 

Captain  K.  Shannon  Taylor  ;  seventy-seven  officers  and  men. 
Organized  September  9th,  1862.  Discharged  September  25th, 
1862. 

Captain  David  Houser ;  seventy-seven  officers  and  men. 
Organized  September  15th,  1862.  Discharged  October  1st, 
1862. 

Captain  Thomas  L.  Fletcher ;  eighty-four  officers  and  men. 
Organized  September  14th,  1862.  Discharged  October  1st, 
1862. 

Captain  Charles  W.  Eyster ;  one  hundred  and  eighteen  offi- 
cei'sandmen.  Organized  September  14th,  1862.  Discharged 
October  15th,  1862. 

Captain  David  Yance  ;  eighty-eight  officers  and  men.  Or- 
ganized September  18th,  1862.     Discharged  October  11th,  1862. 

Captain  Andrew  M.  Criswell ;  fifty-two  officers  and  men. 
Organized  Sept.  15th,  1862.     Discharged  October  1st,  1862. 


170  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Captain  Christian  C.  Foltz  ;  forty-seven  oftieers  and  men. 
Organized  September  11th,  1862.  Discharged  September  25th, 
1862. 

The  total  aggregate  of  the  oflicers  and  men  from  our  county, 
who  served  during  the  great  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  of  whom 
we  have  records,  was  over  five  thousand.  Besides  these,  there 
were  many  others  of  our  gallant  boys  who  went  into  compa- 
nies formed  in  other  counties  and  States.  Not  one  of  them, 
that  I  know  of,  was  ever  charged  with  cowardice,  or  proved 
himself  reluctant  to  go  where  duty  called.  On  the  contrary, 
their  blood  was  poured  out  on  many  a  bloody  battle  field  far 
distant  from  their  native  homes,  and  their  last  expiring  sighs 
were  breathed  out  uncheered  by  the  presence  and  consolations 
of  their  beloved  families  and  friends.  What  has  heretofore 
been  said  of  New  England's  gallant  citizen  soldiery,  can  with 
equal  truth  be  said  of  our  own  : 
"On  every  hill  they  lie, 

On  every  field  of  strife  made  red 
By  bloody  victory, 

Each  Valley  where  the  battle  pour'd 
Its  red  and  awful  tide, 

Beheld  'Old  Franklin's'  bravest  sword, 
In  slaughter  deejjly  dyed. 

Their  bones  are  on  the  northern  hill 
And  on  the  southern  plain, 

By  brook  and  river,  lake  and  rill, 
And  by  the  roaring  main. 

"The  land  is  holy  where  they  fought. 
And  holy  where  they  fell ; 
For  by  their  blood  that  land  was  bought. 

The  land  they  loved  so  well. 
Then  glory  to  that  valiant  band, 
The  honor'd  saviors  of  the  land." 

MINERALS    AND    FURNACES. 

Franklin  county  is  exceedingly  rich  in  iron  ores — far  more 
so,  indeed,  than  most  people  here  or  elsewhere  imagine — and 
the  manu.facture  of  iron  was  commenced  both  on  the  eastern 
and  on  the  western  side  of  the  county  very  many  years  ago. 
As  early  as  1*783,  as  before  stated,  Williams,  Benjamin  and 
George  Chambers  erected  the  Mount  Pleasant  furnace,  in  Path 
Yalley,  and  by  industry,  perseverance  and  good  judgment, 
made  the  business  not  only  remunerative  to  themselves,  but 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  171 

highly  advantageovis  to  the  people  of  the  surrounding  districts. 
Everything  uecessary  to  the  economical  production  of  iron, 
save  coal,  abounds  in  close  proximit}'  to  our  ore  beds ;  and  I 
have  heard  a  gentleman  who  has  long  been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron,  and  who  has  visited  and  carefully  in- 
spected the  great  iron  producing  regions  of  the  country,  and 
who  is  qualified  b}^  his  experience  to  judge,  declare  that  no- 
where, in  the  whole  range  of  his  observation,  does  he  know  of 
an}"  section  of  country  that  is  richer  in  its  iron  ore  deposits,  or 
that  offers  greater  inducements  to  the  investment  of  capital  in 
the  iron  business,  than  the  county  of  Franklin.  In  his  opin- 
ion, long  before  another  generation  shall  have  passed  away, 
there  will  be  dozens  of  furnaces  and  forges  in  our  county, 
where  now  only  one  or  two  are  to  be  found  ;  that  millions 
of  dollars  will  be  invested  as  soon  as  the  trade  of  the  country 
returns  to  its  normal  condition,  where  only  thousands  are  now 
invested  ;  and  that  long  before  the  second  centennial  of  our 
national  existence  shall  have  arrived,  the  development  of  the 
vast  ore  beds  along  the  eastern  and  western  borders  of  our 
valley  will  most  inevitably  make  ours  one  of  the  very  largest 
iron  producing  counties  of  the  Commonwealth.  The  iron 
made  at  our  iron  works,  particularly  that  made  at  Stevens'  old 
Caledonia  works,  and  at  Hughes'  old  works,  now  the  Mont 
Alto  works,  has  always  maintained  an  excellent  reputation, 
and  commanded  ready  sales,  at  remunerative  prices,  because 
of  its  peculiar  excellencies ;  and  there  is  no  reason  why  that 
reputation  shall  not  be  maintained  in  the  future. 

'•Hughes'  Furnace,"  now  the  property  of  the  Mont  Alto 
company,  was  built  by  Daniel  and  Samuel  Hughes,  in 
1808.  It  was  cold  blast,  and  was  what  was  known  as  a 
quarter  stack.  The  water  wheel  used  was  30  feet  in  diameter 
and  three  feet  breast.  The  product  was  from  eighteen  to 
twenty  tons  of  pig  iron  per  week.  The  iron  was  hauled  by 
wagons  to  the  Potomac  river  at  Williamsport,  Maryland,  and 
thence  taken  by  boats  to  market.  1815  a  foundry  was  built,  and 
the  entire  pi'oduct  of  the  works  was  made  into  hollow  ware  and 
stoves  and  hauled  by  wagons  to  Baltimore.  In  1832  Mr.  Hughes 
built  a  rolling  mill  on  the  West  Antietam  creek.  The  wheel 
w\as  thirt3'-six  feet  diameter  and  sixteen  feet  breast.  In  1835 
a  nail  works  was  also  built  near  the  rollino-  mill.     In  1864  the 


172  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Mont  Alto  Iron  eoniptmy  purchased  the  works  and  seventeen 
thousand  acres  of  land.  They  enlarged  the  furnace,  changed 
from  water  to  steam  power,  and  introduced  new  machiner}^ 
In  18GG  they  abandoned  the  old  forges  and  rolling  mill,  and 
built  a  steam  bloom  forge  near  the  furnace,  the  second  largest 
of  the  kind  in  the  State.  The  product  of  the  furnace  is  now 
one  hundred  tons  per  week,  the  largest  known  of  any  furnace 
of  the  same  size,  and  using  the  same  percentage  of  iron  ores. 
In  1867  charcoal  kilns  were  introduced,  the  first  successful 
ones  in  Pennsylvania.  In  prosperous  times  the  company  em- 
ploy five  hundred  men,  seventy-five  horses  and  mules, and  run 
fifteen  steam  engines. 

The  Mont  Alto  liailroad  company,  between  April  and  Oc- 
tober, 1872,  with  home  labor  entirely,  built  a  railroad  from  the 
Cumberland  Yalley  railroad,  near  Scotland,  to  the  works  of 
the  Mont  Alto  Iron  company,  twelve  and  thirty  one  hun- 
dredths miles  long,  at  a  cost  of  two  hundred  and  thirtj'-six 
thousand  six  hundred  dollars,  which  is  regularly  run  twice  a 
day,  for  the  canying  of  passengers  and  freight,  and  which  has 
been  of  great  convenience  to  the  traveling  public  and  to  the 
iron  company.  They  have  also  within  the  past  three  years 
opened  up  the  gap,  in  the  mouth  of  which  their  w^orks  stand^ 
and  laid  out  at  great  expense  a  beautiful  summer  resort  under 
the  name  of  "Mont  Alto  Park."  Every  convenience  has  been 
provided  for  pic-nics  and  parties  of  pleasure  seekers  ;  and 
those  who  have  once  enjoyed  the  cool  shades  and  delights  of 
the  place  will  not  fail  to  return  to  them  again. 

"Richmond  Furnace,"  formerly  "Mount  Pleasant,"  is  the 
oldest  iron  woiksin  the  county,  having  been  established  in  1783. 
It  was  purchased  from  Daniel  Y.  Ahl,  by  a  company  styled 
"The  Southern  Pennsylvania  Iron  and  Railroad  company," 
who  built  a  new  anthracite  furnace  about  the  year  1871,  and 
constructed  a  railroad  from  the  Cumberland  Valley  railroad, 
near  Marion,  to  their  works,  nineteen  miles  in  length,  with  a 
branch  road  to  Mercersburg,  over  two  miles  long,  the  whole 
improvement  costing,  including  the  individual  subscription,, 
over  seven  hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  original  company 
became  embarrassed,  and  their  works,  franchises,  tfcc,  Avere 
sold  out,  and  anew  company  organized  in  the  year  1873, under 
the   name    of  "Southern  P^^nnsylvania  Railway  and  Mining; 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  173 

company,"  of  which  Thomas  13.  Kennedy,  Esq.,  is  president. 
The  furnace  is  not  now  in  operation.  When  run  to  its  full  ca- 
pacity it  employs  about  two  hundred  men,  and  turns  out  about 
fifty  tons  of  iron  per  week. 

The  "Franklin  Furnace,"  situated  near  St.  Thomas,  in  St. 
Thomas  township,  was  built  in  the  year  1828,  by  P.  &  G.  Hou- 
sum.  It  is  now  owned  and  carried  on  by  Messrs.  Hunter  & 
Springer,  and  when  in  full  blast,  has  a  capacity  of  from  forty 
to  fifty  tons  of  cold  blast  charcoal  iron  per  week,  and  employ  s 
about  seventy-five  hands. 

"Carrick  Furnace"  is  situated  in  Metal  township,  Path  Val- 
le}^,  about  four  miles  south  of  Fannettsburg.  It  was  built  by 
General  Samuel  Dunn,  in  the  year  1828.  It  is  now  carried  on 
by  Pt.  M.  Shalter,  and  manufactures  about  thirty  tons  of  iron 
per  week. 

We  have  also  in  the  railroads  now  in  operation,  and  in  those 
projected  and  destined  to  l)e  made  at  no  very  distant  day, 
every  facility  for  the  easy,  cheap,  and  speedy  transportation 
of  our  iron  products,  north,  south,  east  and  west ;  and  it  only 
requires  that  oiir  country  shall  get  over  its  present  monetary 
depression,  and  trade  and  business  once  more  have  resumed 
their  natural  activities,  to  show  that  these  opinions  and  pre- 
dictions of  my  friend  are  true  (in  fact)  and  not  merel}^  the  un- 
warranted conclusions  of  an  incompetent  judge 

Though  chiefly  an  agricultural  section  of  the  Commonwealth, 
our  county  has  steadily,  if  not  rapidly,  progressed  in  every- 
thing that  pertains  to  the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  her  peo- 
ple. The  lands  within  our  borders  have  been  largely  cleared ; 
thoroughly  cultivated,  and  improved  in  the  most  substantial 
manner,  and  have  correspondingly  enhanced  in  value,  and  now 
no  people  in  any  of  the  numerous  counties  of  this  great  Com- 
monwealth are  better  housed  and  provided  for  in  every  re- 
spect ;  live  better  or  more  comfortably  than  do  our  people, 
and  none,  either  agricultural,  commercial,  or  mechanical,  have 
suffered  less,  or  lost  less,  from  the  gi'eat  financial  storms  that 
have  recently  swept  over  the  land,  and  left  desolation,  ruin 
and  woe  in  their  tracks,  than  have  the  people  of  thi3  county. 

CHANGES    IN    POPULATION. 

When  our  county  was  first  settled  the  Scotch-Irish  element 
was,  as  before  stated,  largely  in  the  preponderance      Fully 


174  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

nine-tenths  of  our  citizens  then  were  of  that  nationality,  inter- 
spersed with  a  few  Scotch  and  Enolish,  and  Germans.  The 
former  then  fdled  all  onr  otlices  of  honor,  of  trust,  and  of  i)roflt. 
They  were  our  law-makers,  and  onr  leaders  in  times  of  peace, 
and  in  the  perils  and  dangers  of  war ;  and  to  their  credit  be 
it  said,  that  they  discharged  their  duties  nobly,  and  honora- 
bly, and  well.  They  have  died  off",  and  their  descendants,  in 
very  many  instances,  have  abandoned  the  avocations  which  their 
forefathers  delighted  in  of  tilling  the  soil,  and  making  the 
waste  places  to  blossom  as  the  rose,  and  have  betaken  them- 
selves to  the  pursuit  of  wealth  and  happiness  in  other  chan- 
nels, such  as  merchandise,  medicine,  divinity  and  law.  The 
plodding,  pains-taking,  economical,  law-abiding  and  steady-go- 
ing Germans  have  taken  their  places,  and  now,  thousands  of 
acres,  and  hundreds  of  farms,  that  fifty  3'ears  ago  were  the 
possessions  of  the  descendents  of  those  who  Avere  their  first 
owners,  under  titles  from  the  proprietaries  or  the  colonial  au- 
thorities, know  them  no  more.  Their  very  names  are  almost 
forgotten  in  the  land  for  which  they  did  so  much,  and  suffered 
so  many  privations  ;  and  if  remembered  at  all,  it  is  because  of 
some  deed  of  daring  or  act  of  bravery,  that  has  gone  iipou 
the  pages  of  history,  and  will  serve  to  keep  them  in  grafeful 
remembrance  long  after  all  personal  recollections  of  them  shall 
have  passed  away  in  the  regions  in  which  they  have  lived,  and 
acted,  and  died. 

OUR  "men  of  mark"  in  politics. 

In  this  free  country-  we  are  all  sovereigns  by  births,  and  the 
highest  office  in  the  gift  of  the  people  is  o|)en  to  the  humblest 
son  of  the  land.  Each  and  every  native  born  citizen  has  an 
equal  right  to  aspire  thereto,  and  to  all  the  other  high  places 
of  honor  and  profit  under  the  government.  And  the  very  fact 
that  a  man  has  thus  been  trusted  and  honored,  and  elevated  by 
the  people,  has  ever  been  considered  as  honoring  the  'district 
of  country  in  which  he  was  born.  Viewed  in  this  light  Frank- 
lin county  is  entitled  to  a  full  share  of  the  honors  attaching  to 
the  great  men  of  the  nation. 

James  Buchanan, the  fifteenth  President  of  the  United  States, 
was  born  in  our  county,  on  the  23d  day  of  April,  1191.  His 
birth  place  was  a  wild  and  romantic  spot  in  the  gorge  of  the 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  175 

Cove,  or  North  mountain,  about  four  miles  west  of  Mercers- 
burg.  Previous  to  his  elevation  to  the  Presidency  he  had 
served  ten  years  in  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  ;  and  ten  3-ears  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  ;  had 
been  Minister  to  Russia  ;  Secretary  of  State  for  the  United 
States,  and  Minister  to  England. 

William  Findlay,  the  fourth  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  at  Mercersburg,  in  our  county,  on  the  20th  of  June,  1768. 
In  1797  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Penn- 
sylvania from  this  county;  and  re-elected  in  1804-'05-'06  and 
'07.     On  the   13th   of  January,  1807,  he   was  elected    State 
Treasurer  by  the  Legislature,  whereupon  he  resigned  his  seat 
in  the  House,  and  from  that  date  until  the  2d  of  December, 
1817,  a   period  of  nearly  eleven   j^ears,  he  was  annually  re- 
elected State  Treasurer,  in  Several  instances  by  a  unanimous 
vote.     In  1817  Mr.  Findlay  was  elected  Governor  by  the  Re- 
publicans, and  resigned  the  Treasurer's  office  on  the  2d  of 
December  of  that  year.     He  filled  the  gubernatorial  chair  for 
three  years,  was  re-nominated  in  1820,  and   beaten  by  Joseph 
Heister.     At  the  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1821-'22,  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  full  term  of 
six  3'ears,  and  after  the  expiration  of  his  Senatorial  service  he 
was  appointed  b}"  President  Jackson,  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  Mint  at  Philadelphia,  which  position  he  held  until  the 
accession  of  General  Harrison  to  the  Presidency,  when  he  re- 
signed. 

During  his  term  as  United  States  Senator  his  brother,  CoL 
John  Findlay,  was  the  representative  of  this  congressional 
district,  in  the  lower  house,  for  the  years  1819  to  1827,  and 
his  brother.  General  James  Findlay,  represented  the  Cincin- 
nati district  of  Ohio,  from  1825  to  1833,  thus  presenting  the 
unusual  spectacle  of  three  brothers  sitting  in  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States  at  one  time,  a  spectacle  only  once  paralleled 
in  the  history  of  the  government,  namely,  by  the  Washburne 
brothers,  within  the  last  few  years. 

.  Robert  M'Clelland  was  born  in  Greencastle,  in  this  count}', 
on  the  1st  of  August,  1807.  In  1831  he  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice the  law  in  our  courts,  but  removed  to  Pittsburg,  and  from 
thence,  in  1833,  to  Monroe,  in  the  then  territory  of  Michigan. 
In  1838  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  of  his  adopted 


176  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

State,  and  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  1843.  In  the  same  year  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  in  1845  and  1841.  In  1850  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Michigan. 
In  1851  he  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State,  ftnd  was  subse- 
quently re-elected.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Fierce  Secretarj^  of  the  Interior,  which  position  he  retained 
during  the  administration  of  President  Pierce. 

William  Macla^,  a  native  of  our  county,  was  a  member  of 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States  from  this  State,  for  the  years 
1789  to  1791. 

Samuel  Maclay,  also  a  native  of  our  county,  was  a  Repre- 
sentative in  the  lower  House  of  Congress  from  1795  to  1797, 
and  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  from  this 
State,  from  1803  to  1808,  when  he  resigned. 

John  Macla}',  also  a  native  of  our  county,  was  a  magistrate 
in  colonial  times,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Carpenter's  Hall 
Conference,  at  Philadelphia,  from  Cumberland  county,  in  June, 
1776.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  this 
county  for  the  years  1791-'92,  and  1793-'94.  He  died  in 
Lurgan  township. 

These  gentlemen  were  brothers,  boi-n  in  Lurgan  township, 
In  our  county,  and  received  their  education  at  a  classical 
school  taught  by  Rev.  John  Blair,  pastor  of  the  three  "Spring" 
churches,  which  was  probably  the  first  school  of  that  character 
in  the  Cumberland  Valley.  William  removed  to  Harrisburg 
and  married  a  daughter  of  John  Harris,  and  died  there  in  1804. 
Samuel  Macla}^  removed  to  Mifflin  county  at  the  close  of  the 
revolution,  and  filled  a  number  of  important  local  offices  there 
prior  to  his  election  to  Congress. 

Stephen  Adams,  also  a  native  of  our  count}",  removed,  at  an 
early  age,  to  the  State  of  Mississippi,  where  he  was  subse- 
quently elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States,  and  also  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States. 

The  following  gentlemen,  natives  of  our  county,  served  in 
the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States,  and  in 
the  other  positions  indicated,  viz  :  James  M'Lone,  served  in 
Congress  in  1779-'80,  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Con- 
ference of  Pennsylvania,  held  at  Carpenter's  Hall,  Philadel- 
phia, on   the    25th    of   June,   1776;    was  a  member   of  the 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OP   FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  177 

•convention  that  formed  the  constitution  of  1176,  for  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania ;  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council  of  Pennsj-lvania,  from  Cumberland  county,  from 
November  9th,  1778,  to  December  28th,  1779;  was  elected  to 
and  served  in  the  Council  of  Censors,  from  October,  1783,  to 
October,  1784  ;  was  elected  in  October,  1784,  a  member  of  the 
Supreme  Executive  Council  from  this  county,  and  served  for 
three  years  ;  and  was  also  a  representative  from  this  county, 
in  the  convention  of  1789,  which  formed  the  State  Constitu- 
tion of  1790  ;  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  Pennsylvania  from  this  county  in  the  sessions  of 
1787-'88,  1788-'89,  1790-'91,  and  1793-'94.  He  was  born  in 
Antrim  township,  lived  there  all  his  life,  and  died  March  13th, 
1806,  and  was  buried  at  the  Brown's  mill  graveyard. 

John  Rea,  a  native  of  this  county,  represented  the  Franklin 
-and  Bedford  district  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1811,  being  the 
8th,  9th,  10th,  and  11th  Congresses.  He  was  also  in  the  13th 
Congress,  in  the  j^ears  1813  and  1815.  He  was  also  the  first 
Coroner  of  the  county,  elected  in  October,  1784,  and  served 
In  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Pennsjdvania,  for  the 
years  1785-'86,  1789-'90,  1792-'93,  1796-'97,  1797-'98,  and 
1800-1801  ;  and  was  in  the  Senate  of  Pennsylvania  from  1823 
to  1824,  when  he  resigned,  and  James  Dunlop  was  elected  in 
Jiis  place. 

William  Maclay,  also  a  native  of  our  count}',  represented 
the  Franklin,  Adams  and  Cumberland  district  in  Congress  for 
two  terms,  from  1815  to  1819.  He  had  previously  represented 
this  county  in  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Penns3dvania, 
for  the  years  1808  and  1809.     He  died  in  1825. 

David  Fullerton  was  elected  to  Congress  from  this  district 
in  1819,  and  took  his  seat  at  the  opening  of  the  first  session 
■of  the  sixteenth  Congress,  December  6th,  1819.  He  resigned 
in  the  summer  of  1820.  He  afterwards  represented  this 
county  in  the  State  Senate  from  1827  to  1839. 

Thomas  G.  M'Culloh  succeeded  him,  and  filled  out  his  term 
in  Congress.  Mr.  M'Culloh  also  represented  our  county  ia 
the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  in  the  sessions  of 
1831-'32,  1832-33  and  1834-'35. 

John  Findlay,  of  our  county,  represented  this  district  in 
Congress  from  1821  to  1827. 
12 


178  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

James  Findlay,  his  brother,  also  of  our  county,  was  in  Con- 
gress from  the  Cincinnati  district  of  Ohio,  from  1825  to  1833. 

Hon.  Alexander  Thompson,  who  was  a  native  of  this  county, 
represented  the  Bedford  district  in  Congress  in  1824-26.  He 
was  subsequently  our  President  Judge  from  182Y  to  1842. 

John  Thompson,  also  born  in  our  county,  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1825  to  1827,  and  from  1829  to  183T- 

Thomas  Hartley  Crawford,  a  native  of  Chambersburg,  was 
in  Congress  from  this  district  from  1828  to  1832.  He  also 
represented  the  county  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature 
in  1833-'34.  Was  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  and  Judge 
of  the  Criminal  Court  of  the  district  of  Columbia  for  manjr 
years. 

George  Chambers,  also  a  native  of  our  town,  was  a  repre- 
sentative of  this  district  in  Congress  from  1832  to  1836.  Was 
a  delegate  to  the  convention  that  framed  the  constitution  or 
1838,  and  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  by 
appointment  from  Governor  Johnston  from  April  12th  to  De- 
cember, 1851. 

James  X.  M'Lanahan  was  born  in  Antrim  township,  in  this 
county,  in  1809.  He  served  in  the  Senate  of  Pennsylvania 
from  this  district  in  1842-'43  and  '44,  and  represented  the  dis- 
trict in  Congress  from  1848  to  1852. 

David  P.  Robinson,  also  a  native  of  Antrim  township,  repre- 
sented our  district  in  Congi'ess  for  the  years  1854  and  1856. 

Wilson  Reilly,  a  native  of  Quiiicy  (formerlj-  Washington) 
township,  in  this  county,  represented  this  district  in  Congress 
in  the  j^ears  1857  and  1858. 

Hon.  John  A.  Ahl,  who  a  few  years  since  represented  the 
Cumberland  district  in  Congress,  was  born  at  Strasburg,  in  our 
county.  His  father  was  a  physician,  resident  there  many  years 
ago,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Hon.  Wm.  S.  Stenger,  our  present  representative  in  Congress,, 
was  born  at  Loudon,  in  this  county,  on  the  13th  day  of  Febru- 
ary, A.  D.  1840.  He  was  three  times  elected  District  Attorney  of 
our  county,  and  held  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office 
from  1863  to  1872.  He  Avas  elected  to  Congress  in  1874,  served 
in  the  44th  Congress  in  1875-77,  and  is  now  serving  in  the 
45th  Congress. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  179* 

Hon.  William  A.  Piper,  a  member  of  the  present  House  oT 
Representatives  of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia, was  born  in  Amberson's  Valley,  Fannett  township,  in 
our  county,  in  the  year  1825. 

Hon.  xllcxander  Campbell,  a  member  of  the  present  House- 
of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois, was  also  born  at  Concord,  Fannett  township,  in  our- 
county,  on  the  4th  of  October,  1814. 

There  are  no  doubt  others  who  were  born  in  our  countj^  who 
from  other  States  and  Territories  held  places  in  the  National, 
government,  l)ut  I  have  not  had  the  time  nor  the  opportunity 
to  look  up  their  records.  These  names  have  been  obtained! 
through  a  cursory  examination  of  some  of  the  journals  of  Con- 
gress, and  from  other  sources. 

Besides  these,  our  county  has  furnished  Speakers  to  bothf. 
branches  of  our  State  Legislature  in  the  persons  o-f  Hon_ 
Thomas  Carson,  in  the  Senate,  and  Hon.  Frederick  Smith  and 
Hon.  John  Rowe  in  the  House.  The  latter  also  held  from  5tli- 
May,  1857,  to  1st  Ma3',  18G0,  the  important  and  responsible- 
position  of  Surveyor  General  of  our  Commonwealth. 

Abraham  Smith,  who  represented  our  county  in  the  Supreme- 
Executive  Council  of  the  State  from  1T84  to  1790,  was  anative- 
of  the  county  and  resident  in  Antrim  township.  If  I  am  cor- 
rectly- informed,  he  was  a  brother  of  William  Smith,  the  foimder 
of  Mevcersl)urg.  He  was  Lieutenant  of  Cumberland  county  for- 
the  years  1780-'81  and  '82,  and  I  am  satisfied  that  he  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  from  our  county  in  the- 
sessions  of  1784-'85-'85- 86  and  8G-'87.  He  was  then,  and 
continued  to  be  until  April,  1803,  the  owner  of  a  tract  of  near 
three  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  land  in  Antrim  township,. 
W'hicli  in  1803  he  sold  to  Jacob  Snively,  of  that  township^ 
when  he  removed  to  Mercersburg,  where  he  died.  An  exami- 
nation of  the  assess  books  of  the  county  from  1786  to  1794 
shows  also  that  he  was  taxed  in  Antrim  township  for  three 
hundred  and  thirty  acres  of  land,  and  horses  and  other  cattle^ 
all  these  years,  and  that  he  was  the  only  man  of  his  name  as- 
sessed in  the  county.  He  was  appointed  Lieutenant  of  Frank- 
lin county  on  the  7th  of  April,  1785;  was  elected  to  and 
served  in  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  from  1787  to  179'' ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  convention  that  formed  the  State- 


180  HISTROICAL   SKETCH  OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

•constitution  of  1790,  and  represented  tlie  Senatorial  district, 
•composed  of  Franklin  and  Bedford  counties,  in  our  State,  for 
the  years  1790  to  1794.  In  his  deed  to  Jacob  Snively  he  is 
■styled  Colonel  Abraham  Smith,  a  title  most  probably  attached 
to  his  former  position  as  Lieutenant  of  the  County,  as  it  is  not 
claimed  that  he  did  any  military  service,  and  a  comparison  of 
Jiis  signature  to  that  deed  with  the  signature  of  Abraham 
Smith,  Lieutenant  of  Cumberland  count}^  in  1781,  shows  that 
t\\Qy  were  written  by  one  and  the  same  person. 

From  1790  to  187G,  covering  a  period  of  eighty-six  j-ears, 
twenty-four  persons  have  represented  our  county  in  the  State 
.Senate.  Of  these  just  one-half,  (12,)  viz:  Abraham  Smith, 
"Thomas  Johnston,  James  Poe,  Archibald  Rankin,  Robert 
'.Smith,  John  Rea,  James  Dunlap,  David  Fullerton,  James  X. 
JM'Lanahan,  Thomas  Carson,  George  W.  Brewer  and  Calvin 
JM.  Duncan  were  natives  of  our  county  ;  and  two  others — A. 
K.  M'Clure  and  Chambers  M'Kibben — were  residents  of  the 
icounty  at  the  times  of  their  election. 

It  is  worthy,  also,  of  a  passing  notice,  that  the  two  gentle- 
men who  have  filled  the  position  of  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  United  States  for  terms  longer  than 
jiny  others,  should  have  been  natives  of  adjoining  counties, 
IFranklin  and  Adams,  in  our  State.  Matthew  St.  Clair  Clark 
was  born  at  Greencastle,  in  our  county,  was  admitted  at  our 
"bar  in  1811,  and  practiced  the  law  here  for  several  years  ;  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  December  3d, 
1822,  and  served  until  December  2d,  1833,  and  was  elected 
again  Maj'  31st,  1841,  and  served  until  December  6th,  1843, 
making  a  total  service  of  twelve  years,  six  months  and  six 
'days,  the  longest  period  the  office  has  ever  been  held  by  one 
person.  He  was  a  wholo-souled,  genial  fellow,  an  intimate  as- 
sociate of  Clay,  Webster,  Calhoim,  and  all  the  great  men  who 
sat  in  Congress  during  his  period  of  service. 

Edward  M'Pherson  is  a  native  of  Adams  county,  and  after 
serving  this  district  for  two  terms  in  Congress,  filled  the  office 
of  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  for  six  consecutive 
Congresses — or  from  1863  to  1875 — being  twelve  years.  Mr. 
JM'Pherson's  was  therefore  the  longest  continuous  service  ;  Mr. 
C!lark's  the  longest  actual  service. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  181 

Why  may  not  we,  as  Pennsylvanians,  and  as  citizeixs  of 
Franklin  count}',  justly  feci  proud  when  we  look  over  this  rol£ 
of  "men  of  mark,"  and  rightfully  claim  a  portion  of  the  hx)nor 
that  their  deeds  has  reflected  upon  their  country  ? 

OUR  "lost  arts." 

In  the  earlier  years  of  our  county's  existence  there  rrere  quite 
a  number  of  trades  and  occupations  carried  on  in  various; 
parts  of  the  county  that  have  long  since  been  wholly  aban- 
doned, or  are  now  very  feebly  continued.  This  result  is.  owing- 
mainly  to  the  improvements  made  in  the  last  one  hundred  years, 
in  machinery,  whereb}^  the  great  majority  of  the  articles  that 
were  formerly  made  by  hand  are  now  turned  out  with  the  aid 
of  machinery  much  more  rapidly,  more  perfect,  and  greatly 
cheaper  than  they  could  be  made  at  the  present  day  in  the 
old  way. 

In  the  year  1787  a  man  named Mulholland  comjnencecl 

the  manufacture  of  potash  at  Strasburg,  which  he  continued 
till  his  death,  in  1808. 

In  the  year  1789  Patrick  Campbell  and Marrow  en- 
gaged in  the  same  business  at  Chambersburg,  and  continued 
it  until  1797,  when  the  firm  was  changed  to  Patrick  &  Ter- 
rence  Campbell.  They  had  their  manufactory  in  the  stone 
house  near  the  west  end  of  the  Wolfstown  bridge. 

From  about  1800  or  1805  to  1825,  William  Drucks  and  An- 
thony Van  Pool  manufiictured  iron  shovels  and  pans,  in  Green- 
castle  ;  did  a  large  business  and  made  considerable  money. 

The  manufacture  of  mill-stones  was  established  in  Cham- 
bersburg about  the  year  1792,  by  James  Falkner,  Jr.,  and  was 
extensively  conducted  for  many  years.  The  stones  were 
brought  here  in  the  rough,  upon  Avagons,  were  then  shaped  up 
and  put  together,  and  large  numbers  sold  in  the  county,  and 
to  other  points  further  west,  to  those  having  need  for  them. 

In  1820  George  Walker  and  George  Roupe  carried  on  a 
"burr  mill-stone  manufactory"  on  the  Baltimore  turnpike, 
about  two  miles  east  of  Chambersburg. 

Alexander  Scott,  the  uncle  of  Hon.  Thomas  A.  Scott,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Pennsylvania  i-ailroad  company,  carried  on  the  sil- 
versmithing  on  the  lot  on  which  the  "Repository  Hall"  now 
stands,  for  many  j-ears.     lie  was  a  skilled  mechanic,  and  man- 


18:2         HISTORICAL  sketch  of  franklin  county. 

mfaetured  a  large  number  of  eight-day  clocks  of  the  old  style, 
•Tvith  high  cases  and  brass  works  His  clocks  were  celebrated 
for  their  correctness  as  time  keepers,  and  many  of  them  are 
jet  in  existence,  and  are  highly  valued.  lie  died  about  the 
jear  1821.     No  clocks  are  now  manulactured  in  our  county. 

Andrew  Clearj^  also  manfactured  mill-stones  in  Chambers- 
hiivg  as  late  as  1829,  he  being  the  last  person  who  carried 
on  the  business  in  the  count3\  Ilis  shop  was  on  West  Market 
street.  None  of  these  avocations  are  now  carried  on  in  our 
county  that  I  know  of. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century  and  in  the  earlier  years 
■of  this  century  there  were  quite  a  number  of  oil  mills  in  vari- 
ous sections  of  the  county,  where  oil  was  regularly  manufac- 
tured from  flax  seed,  much  of  which  was  annually  raised  by 
tlie  farming  community.  There  may  3-et  be  some  places  in 
the  county  where  this  business  is  carried  on,  but  I  do  not  know 
their  locality  if  such  there  be. 

Flax  mills  were  also  quite  numerous  in  those  early  days, 
"where  the  hemp  raised  by  the  farmers  was  broken  and  pre- 
pared for  use.  For  one  oil  or  hemp  mill  that  can  now  be  found 
grinding  or  pounding  away,  there  were  ten  then. 

In  the  last  centur}-  there  were  few,  if  any,  cut  nails  used. 
Almost  all  nails  were  then  made  hy  hand,  upon  the  anvil,  out 
of  the  iron  bar.  Every  Ijlacksmith  did  more  or  less  of  such 
"work,  and  was  looked  to  by  his  neighbors  to  supply  them  with 
;all  the  nails  they  needed  for  fencing,  shingling,  house  build- 
ing, &c.  Early  in  the  century  Hugh  and  Michael  Greenfield 
established  a  large  nail  factory  at  Chaml)ersburg,  where  they 
made  all  kinds  of  nails  by  hand.  Their  shop  stood  on  the  lot 
•on  which  the  foundry  of  T.  B.  Wood  &  Co.  now  stands.  In 
the  5"ear  1819  they  declined  the  business,  and  handed  over  the 
shop  to  John  R.  Greenfield  &  Co.,  who  continued  it  until 
.about  1820.. 

From  1808  to  1810  or  1812,  there  was  a  nail  factory  carried 
on  by  the  County  Commissioners  in  the  Jail,  the  prisoners  be- 
ing the  workmen.  Large  sums  of  money  were  annually  paid 
to  Col.  Samuel  Hughes,  by  the  county,  for  iron  to  be  manu- 
:factured  into  nails  in  the  county  nail  shops. 

In  the  year  18-14  Messrs.  Brown  &  Watson  established  their 
■'  Conococheague  Rolling  Mill  and  Nail  Factory."     They  made 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  183 

rolled  iron,  cut  nails,  brads,  sprigs,  &c.,  and  were,  I  think,  the 
first  manufacturers  of  cut  nails  in  our  county. 

In  the  year  1821  Christian  Etter  commenced  the  manufac- 
ture of  cut  nails  in  Chambersburg.  His  manufactory  was 
located  "on  the  north  side  of  the  Falling  Spring,  opposite  the 
English  Presliyterian  church." 

Thomas  Johns  commenced  the  manufacture  of  augers  of 
all  sizes  at  Chambersburg,  at  a  very  early  (\^\.  They  were 
made  by  hand,  out  of  flat  bars  of  iron,  were  twisted  in  the 
common  vise,  the  edges  tiled  down  and  burnished  upon  a  large 
emery  wheel,  and  the  inner  surface  of  the  twist  was  painted 
black.  It  required  considerable  skill  and  experience  to  make 
a  perfect  article, 

William  Ferrj^  also  subsequently  followed  the  same  business 
extensively  for  many  years.  He  had  his  manufactory  at  his 
dwelling  on  West  Market  street. 

Philip  Sholl,  at  a  very  early  period,  carried  on  at  Cham- 
bersburg, the  manufacture  of  cards  for  fulling  mills,  and  for 
all  other  purposes. 

George  Faber,  also,  at  a  later  period,  followed  the  same 
business  quite  extensively.  For  many  years  he  had  his  "card 
factory"  on  the  lot  where  the  Gillan  property  now  stands,  on 
West  Market  street,  opposite  Miller's  Hotel.  Mr.  Faber  gave 
employment  to  many  females  at  "setting"  or  sticking  cards. 
That  work  was  then  all  done  by  hand,  and  it  is  said  that  many 
«ven  of  the  better  class  of  our  females  did  not  disdain  to  take 
work  from  Mr.  Faber,  and  thus  earn  an  honest  penny.  In 
after  j-ears  he  invented  an  ingenious  machine  for  sticking  his 
cards,  and  did  away  with  female  labor.  He  removed  to  Pitts- 
burg about  the  3'ear  1836. 

Glove  making  was  also  carried  on  at  this  point  for  many 
years  by  a  man  named Rians,  and  others. 

About  the  year  1794,  Anthony  Snider  commenced  the  man- 
ufacture of  scythes  and  sickles  where  the  upper  brewery  of 
David  Washabaugh  formerly  stood,  on  West  King  street. 

John  and  Thomas  Johns,  about  the  3-ear  1812,  commenced 
the  manufacture  of  sickles  and  scathes  in  Chambersburg,  and 
carried  on  the  business  largel}-  and  successfully  for  a  long 
time,  down  to  near  1820.  Their  factory  was  in  "Kerrstown," 
on  South  Main  street,  on  the  lot  south  of  Heart's  pottery. 


184  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

In  the  3'ear  1820  a  man  named  Jacob  Smith  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  tacks  of  all  sizes  at  Chambersburg.  Each 
tack  was  made  by  hand,  as  no  machinery  for  their  manufacture 
had  then  been  invented,  or  if  invented  had  not  been  introducd 
here. 

The  manufacture  of  hats,  which  were  then  all  made  of  wool 
and  furs  of  various  fineness,  was  early  commenced  at  various 
points  in  our  county.  John  M'Clintock  carried  on  in  WaA'nes- 
boro'  in  1810;  John  Rowe,  Jacob  Krepps  and  John  Weitzel 
about  the  same  time  at  Greencastle ;  John  M'Murdy  and  Thomas. 
Carson  at  Mercersburg  ;  and  Jacob  Deckert,  James  Wright  and 
others  at  Chambersburg.  In  the  3^ear  1815  Mr.  M'Clintock  re- 
moved from  Waynesburgto  Chambersburg  and  for  man}-  years, 
these  gentlemen  and  others  at  other  points  in  the  county  carried 
on  the  trade  quite  extensively.  Now  there  is  not  a  wool  or  fur 
hat  made  in  the  county.  The  seething  "kettle"  no  longer 
sends  up  its  steam  cloiids  towards  Heaven,  its  "planks"  are 
riven  and  dry,  the  twang  of  the  "bow"  no  longer  is  heard  o'er 
the  "hurl,"  and  the  song  of  the  jolly  "jour"  at  the  midnight 
hour  disturbs  not  the  repose  of  the  guardians  of  the  night.. 
For  thirty  years  past,  since  the  introduction  of  silk  and  ma- 
chinery, the  shiny  "stove-pipe"  has  supplanted  the  easy  wool 
and  felt  of  our  fathers'  time,  and  the  business  has  been  wholly 
abandoned,  except  here  and  there,  where  large  factoi'ies  exist. 

Copper-smithing,  too,  is  a  calling  almost  wholl}^  abandoned 
in  our  county.  In  former  years  it  was  largely  and  profitably 
carried  on  here  by  Jacob  Heyser  and  others.  Mr.  Heyser 
came  here  from  Hagerstown  in  the  spring  of  1794  ;  at  the  sam& 
time  William  Baily,  Jr.,  was  carrying  on  the  business  in  the 
shop  occupied  by  his  father  for  a  number  of  years  previously. 
Xow  copper  stills  and  kettles  and  other  articles  are  kept  for 
sale  by  all  our  tinners  and  stove  dealers,  but  they  are  gen- 
erally obtained  from  abroad,  from  those  who  make  them  with 
the  aid  of  the  latest  and  most  approved  machinery. 

Wagon  making  was  for  many  years,  carried  on  most  exten- 
sively at  Loudon,  in  our  count}',  after  the  completion  of  the 
turnpike  to  Pittsburg,  and  Loudon's  canvas  covered  manu- 
factures spread  far  and  wide  over  both  the  east  and  west> 
Now  there  is  not  one  wagon  made  at  Loudon,  where  fifty  3'ears. 
aaro  there  wei*e  one  hundred  made. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  185 

Whip  making  was  also  very  extensivel}"  carried  on  for  many 
3^ears,  at  Loudon  and  St.  Thomas,  in  our  county.  The  fame 
of  the  "Loudon  wagon  whip"  has  extended  over  all  parts  of 
the  country,  and  especially  was  its  excellencies  well  known  to 
those  hardy  old  "Knights  of  the  Road,"  who  hauled  from  east 
to  west  along  the  great  turnpikes  crossing  the  mountains,  the 
goods,  wares  and  merchandise  needed  by  the  people.  It  would 
be  hard  to  tell  which  the  old  wagoner  loved  most,  his  "Loudon 
whip,"  or  his  thrice  daily  drop  of  "Old  Monongahela."  The 
manufacture  of  these  celebrated  whips  was  commenced  by 
Alexander  Elder,  at  Loudon,  about  the  beginning  of  this  cen- 
tury ;  was  afterwards  followed  by  James  and  Samuel  Elder, 
(his  brothers,)  at  and  near  Bridgeport,  and  was  continued  by 
them  for  many  years.  Subsequently  James  Kirby,  William 
Shelleto  and  others,  carried  the  business  on  at  Loudon,  and  in 
later  years  from  1830  to  1855,  Thomas  Morgan,  James  Pattoii 
and  James  Gf.  Elder,  carried  on  the  business  at  St.  Thomas, 
making  even  a  larger  numljer  of  whips  than  at  Loudon.  Now 
there  is  not  one  wliip  made  in  our  county,  where  formerly 
thousands  were  made. 

The  old  familj'  "spinning  wheel,"  and  the  "domestic  loom," 
by  the  aid  of  which  our  ancestors,  one  hundred  years  ago, 
were  used  to  manufacture  their  yarn  and  thread,  and  w^eave 
the  "linsey  woolsey"  worn  by  their  wives  and  daughters,  and 
the  corn-colored  cloth  worn  by  themselves,  are  now  almost 
forgotten.  They  are  "centennial  curiosities"  in  the  present 
day,  and  few  of  our  young  people  know  even  wdiat  these  ma- 
chines look  like,  and  fewer  know  how  to  use  them. 

OUR    TOWNSHIPS. 

I  have  been  very  desirous  of  ascertaining,  if  possible,  when 
the  various  towaiships  in  our  county  were  organized  and  out 
of  wdiat  territory  they  were  severally  created.  The  territory 
now  embraced  in  Franklin  county  was  first  in  Chester  county 
until  May  lOth,  1729,  when  Lancaster  county  was  formed; 
then  in  Lancaster  county  until  Januarj^  29th,  1750,  when 
Cumberland  county  was  formed ;  and  then  in  Cumberland 
county  until  September  9th.  1784,  when  the  act  creating  our 
county  was  passed. 

The   first  authenticated   action  I  have    been  able  to  find, 


186  IIISTOmCAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

looking  to  the  Lringing  of  this  vallej^  under  the  operation  of 
the  laws  of  the  State,  Avas  the  order  of  the  Court  of  Quarter 
Sessions  of  I^ancaster  countj^,  made  at  November  sessions, 
1135,  as  before  stated,  dividing  the  valley  into  two  toionshij)s 
— the  easternmost  to  be  called  Pennsborough  and  the  western 
Hoi)ewell.  This  was  done  before  the  extinguishment  of  the 
Indian  title  to  the  land,  which  was  eflected  hy  the  treaty  with 
the  Five  Nations,  at  Philadelphia,  October  11th,  1730.  The 
government  and  the  Indians  had  been  upon  good  terms  for 
years  before,  and  both  parties  encouraged  settlers  to  come 
hither,  the  agents  of  the  Pro2)rietaries  giving  them  special 
licenses  to  take  up  lands  as  early  as  1734. 

The  division  line  between  Pennsborough  and  Hopewell 
townships,  as  has  already  been  stated,  crossed  the  valley  at  the 
"Big  Spring,"  about  where  Newville  now  is,  and  all  the  land 
from  Newville  to  the  Maryland  line  was  thereafter  in  Hope- 
well township,  Lancaster  county,  until  May  sessions,  1741, 
when  "upon  the  application  of  the  inliabitants  of  the  township," 
presented  by  Richard  O'Cain,  Esq.,  the  Court  of  Quarter  Ses- 
sions of  Lancaster  county  erected  the  township  of  Antrim  by 
dividing  the  township  of  Hopewell  by  a  line  substantially  the 
same  as  that  now  dividing  Franklin  and  Cumberland  counties, 
as  has  been  hereinbefore  shown.  The  territory  thus  formed 
into  the  new  township  of  Antrim,  was  identical  with  that  now 
emln-aced  in  our  count}-,  with  the  exception  of  the  Little  Cove, 
or  Warren  township,  and  the  townsliips  of  Fannett  and  Metal. 

I  have  personally  examined  the  records  of  Cumberland 
county  with  great  care,  and  I  have  had  the  records  of  Lancas- 
ter county  examined  in  like  manner,  by  a  gentleman  of  the  bar 
resident  there ;  but  w6  liave  been  unable  to  obtain  an}^  satis- 
factory information  as  to  the  time  ivheri,  or  the  territorj'  out  of 
tchich  the  townships  of  Lurgan,  Peters,  Guilford  and  Hamilton 
were  formed.  I  incline  to  the  belief  that  Lurgan  was  created 
by  order  of  the  Court  of  Lancaster  county,  but  no  record 
thereof  can  be  found.  And  if  the  other  three  townships  were 
created  by  the  action  of  the  courts  of  Cumberland  county, 
they  must  have  been  organized  immediately  after  that  county 
was  erected,  though  no  record  of  their  formation  has  as  yet 
been  found.  I  therefore  give  but  the  earliest  dates  at  which  I 
I  have  been  able  to  find  mention  of  them. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIX   COUNTY.  187 

ANTRIM — 1741. 

Antrim  township  was  undoubtedl}'  named  after  the  county 
of  Antrim,  Ireland,  from  whence  man}'  of  the  early  settlers  of 
this  valley  came.  Out  of  its  original  territory  all  our  town- 
ships, except  Warren,  Metal  and  Fannett,  have  been  made,  and 
still  it  is  the  largest  and  wealthiest  township  in  the  count}'. 
In  the  year  1734  Joseph  Crunkleton  obtained  his  license,  and 
in  the  3'ear  1735  he,  Jacob  Snivel}',  James  Johnston  and  James 
Roddy  made  settlements.  Mr.  Crunkleton  settled  upon  the 
lands  now  owned  by  Benjamin  Snively  and  David  Eshleman, 
about  two  miles  east  of  where  Greencastle  now  stands.  Mr. 
Snively  upon  the  farm  so  long  the  residence  of  Andrew  Snive- 
ly, dec'd.  Mr.  Johnston  on  the  lands  now  owned  by  Christian 
»Stover  and  Henry  Whitmore,  and  Mr.  Roddy  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Andrew  Gr.  M'Lanahan,  Esq.,  situated  upon  the  Con- 
ococheague  creek.  They  were  among  the  first,  if  not  the  very 
first,  settlers  in  the  township,  and  had  many  Indians  for  their 
neighbors  when  they  first  located. 

The  settlement  earl}^  took  the  name  of '"The  Conococheague 
Settlement,"  and  being  fed  from  the  older  counties  and  the 
Old  World,  was  of  rapid  growth.  A  Presbj'terian  church  was 
organized  as  early  as  1737  or  1738,  under  the  name  of  "The 
East  Conococheague  Presbyterian  Church."  Their  first  church 
edifice,  known  as  the  "Red  Church,"  was  erected  at  "Moss 
Spring,"  three-fourths  of  a  mile  east  of  Greencastle,  and  there 
the}^  Avorshipped  until  the  erection  of  the  present  church  in 
Greencastle,  in  the  3'ear  1830. 

In  the  3'ear  1772,  or  ten  years  before  Greencastle  was  laid 
out,  John  Crunkleton  laid  out  a  town  on  the  road  leading  from 
the  Conococheague  Settlement  (now  Greencastle)  towards 
where  Waynesboro  now  is,  about  two  miles  east  of  Greencas- 
tle, and  named  the  town  Crunkleton.  Lots  were  sold  sub- 
ject to  an  annual  quit  rent ;  three  houses  were  built,  one  of 
which  was  kept  as  a  tavern  b3'  George  Clark,  and  in  another  a 
store  was  kept  b}'  John  Lawrence.  James  Clark,  one  of  the 
former  Canal  Commissioners  of  our  State,  passed  his  youth 
there.  The  town  never  got  be3'ond  its  three  houses ;  two  of 
these  have  been  removed,  the  street  and  the  town  plot  merged 
into  the  farm  of  Benjamin  Snivel}',  Esq.     Its  very  name  is  al- 


188  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

most  forgotten,  and  strangers  pass  over  its  site  without  seeing 
any  evidences  that  there  a  town  once  existed. 

LURGAN — n43. 

I  cannot  tell  certainh'  from  what  this  township  took  its 
name.  Most  likely  it  was  called  after  the  town  of  Lurgan^  in 
the  county  of  Armagh,  province  of  Ulster,  Ireland,  eighteen 
miles  south-west  of  the  city  of  Belfast,  the  ]>irth-place  of 
James  Logan,  the  secretary  of  William  Pennn,  and  President 
of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  in  1736-'38. 

It  originally  extended  across  the  eastern  end  of  our  county,, 
from  the  top  of  the  South  mountain  to  the  top  of  the  Kitta- 
tinny  mountain,  and  embraced  all  the  territory  now  within  the 
tDwnships  of  Lurgan,  Letterkenny,  Green  and  Southampton. 
The  earliest  date  at  which  I  could  find  mention  of  it  among- 
the  records  of  Cumberland  county  is  in  1751,  but  an  original 
deed  for  certain  lands  in  Green  township  has  been  shown  me,, 
dated  December  1,  1753,  in  which  it  is  set  forth  that  the  war- 
rant for  the  land  therein  mentioned  had  been  issued  in  1743,. 
and  that  it  was  then  in  Lurgan  township,  Lancaster  coimty. 
Whether  it  ever  extended  eastward  further  than  the  present 
boundary  of  Cumberland  count^^,  I  cannot  say.  Being  the 
most  eastern  portion  of  our  county,  it  was  early  settled.  The 
original  settlers  were  chiefly  Scotch-Irish,  though  some  Ger- 
mans were  also  found  in  the  township  at  a  very  early  period. 
The  "Middle  Spring  Presbyterian  Church"  was  organized 
about  the  year  1740.  Their  church  edifice  stands  but  a  short 
distance  east  of  the  county  line  in  Cumberland  county. 

PETERS 1751. 

This  township  was  evidently  named  after  Richard  Peters, 
who  figured  so  conspicuously  in  Colonial  times  in  this  State 
as  the  Secretary  of  the  Colonial  Governors,  Thomas,  Palmer,. 
Hamilton,  Morris  and  Denny,  from  1743  to  1762.  It  appears 
first  in  the  records  of  Cumberland  county  in  the  year  1851, 
and  was  most  likelv  created  by  the  courts  of  that  county  after 
its  organization  in  1750.  It  then  embraced  all  the  territory 
in  the  present  townships  of  Peters  and  Montgomery,  and  also 
all  that  part  of  the  present  township  of  St.  Thomas  Avest  of 
Campbell's  run.     Its  earliest  settlers  were  also  chiefly  Scotch- 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  189 

Irish,  as  is  evidenced  by  tlieir  names,  viz.:  The  Campbells, 
Wilsons,  M'Clellands,  M'Dowells,  Welshs,  Smiths,  M'Kir- 
neys,  &c.,  &c.,  who  were  found  in  the  township  as  early  as 
1730.  A  Presbyterian  church  was  organized  in  the  j'^ear  1738, 
tinder  the  name  of  "The  Upper  West  Conococheague  Church,'' 
embracing  all  the  territory  now  occupied  by  the  congregations 
of  Welsh  Run,  Loudon  and  St.  Thomas.  The  church  edifice 
stood  about  two  miles  north-east  of  where  the  town  of  Mercers:- 
burg  now  stands,  and  was  generally  known  as  the  "  White 
Church."  "Fort  Loudon,"  so  well  known  in  "^'e  olden  time," 
was  in  this  township,  and  was  built  by  Colonel  John  xVrm 
strong  in  the  year  1756.  It  was  one  of  the  chain  of  forts  built 
by  the  colonial  government  after  the  defeat  of  General  Brad- 
dock,  to  keep  the  Indians  out  of  this  valley. 

GUILFORD — 1751. 

This  township  also  appears  on  the  records  of  Cumberland 
county  for  the  first  time  in  the  year  1751,  and  was  most  likely 
created  by  the  court  of  that  county.  Its  earliest  settlers  were 
mostly  Irish,  or  Scotch-Irish,  though  there  were  some  English 
among  them.  I  know  not  from  whence  it  derived  its  name. 
There  is  a  town  called  Guildford^  or  Gilford  in  the  county  of 
Surry,  England,  and  it  is  stated  in  history  that  some  of  the 
English  non-conformists  of  that  region,  when  persecuted  for 
their  religious  opinions,  passed  over  to  the  Scots,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ulster,  Ireland,  and  from  thence  removed  to  America. 
It  may  be  that  some  of  them,  or  their  descendants,  were  among 
the  early  settlers  in  this  township,  and  that  through  them  it  got 
its  name.  On  the  records  of  Cumberland  count}',  and  in  the 
early  records  of  our  county,  the  name  is  spelled  Gilford^  or 
Gillford.  I  have  not  found  that  the  boundaries  of  the  town- 
ship were  ever  difl"erent  from  what  they  now  are.  The  town  of 
Chambersburg  as  originally  laid  out,  was  wholly  within  this 
township.  The  Presbyterian  "  Congregation  of  the  Falling 
Spring"  was  organized  here  about  the  year  1735. 

HAMILTON — 1752. 

This  township  was  undoubtedly  named  after  James  Hamil- 
ton, who  was  the  Governor  of  the  Colou}^  from  1748  to  1754, 
the  very  period  within  which|^t  must  have  been  created,  and 


190  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

also  from  1154  to  1763,  and  from  May  to  October,  1*771.  Its 
name  first  appears  on  the  records  of  Cumberland  county  in 
1752,  and  most  likely  it  was  organized  by  the  order  of  the 
court  of  that  county,  about  that  time,  or  in  the  previous  year, 
though  no  record  thereof  has  been  found.  It  originally  em- 
braced nearlj'all  of  the  present  township  of  St.  Thomas  which 
lies  east  of  Campbell's  run.  Its  first  settlers  were  mostly 
Scotch-Irish,  who  made  their  settlements  at  about  the  same 
time  that  settlements  were  made  in  the  surrounding  districts. 

FANNET — 1761. 

This  township  originally  embraced  the  territory  now  within 
the  township  of  Metal.  Patli  Valley,  in  which  the  greater  part 
of  the  township  lies,  was  in  old  times  called  the  '■'■Tuscarora 
Path,"  and  the  Indian  title  to  the  territory  between  the  Kit- 
tochtinny  mountains  on  the  east,  and  the  Tuscarora  mountain 
on  the  west,  was  only  extinguished  by  the  treaty  made  with  the 
Six  Nations,  at  Easton,  on  the  2od  of  October,  1758.  Long  be- 
fore that  period,  however,  settlers  had  crowded  into  Path,  Horse 
and  Amberson's  Valleys,  attracted  by  the  beauty  of  the  lands 
within  them.  These  intrusions  are  said  to  have  commenced 
as  early  as  1744,  but  were  in  violation  of  the  agreement  be- 
tween the  Colonial  authorities  and  the  Indians,  and  the  latter 
made  complaint  to  the  government,  and  threatened  to  redress 
their  grievances  themselves  if  the  intruders  were  not  promptlj' 
removed.  The  government  called  upon  the  magistrates  of 
Cumberland  county  to  redress  the  wronars  of  the  Indians  by 
expelling  the  settlers.  Accordingly,  in  May,  1750,  Richard 
Peters,  the  Secretary  of  the  Governor,  attended  by  Benjamin  / 
Chambers,  William  Maxwell,  William  Allison,  John  Finley 
and  others,  magistrates  of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  went 
over  to  "Path  Valle}',  where  they  found  many  settlements. 
They  had  Abraham  Slack,  James  Blair,  Moses  Moore,  Arthur 
Dunlap,  Alex.  M'Cartie,  David  Lewis,  Adam  M'Cartie,  Felix 
Doyle,  Andrew  Dunlap,  Robert  Wilson,  Jacob  Pyatt,  William 
Ramage,  Reynold  Alexander,  Samuel  Patterson,  John  Arm- 
strong, John  Potts  alKTotheii'S  brought  before  them,  who  were 
all  convicted,  and  put  under  bonds  to  remove  at  once  out  of  the 
valley  with  their  families,  servants  and  effects,  and  to  ap- 
pear at  court  at  Carlisle  and  answer  such  charges  as  might  be 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  191 

made  against  them.  Their  houses,  cabins,  and  other  improve- 
ments were  then  all  burned  to  the  ground,  by  order  of  the 
magistrates.  After  the  purchase  of  the  land  from  the  Indians 
some  of  these  men  returned  and  located  lands  in  the  valley, 
and  their  descendants  are  there  yet. 

The  first  mention  that  I  have  found  of  the  name  of  this  . 
township  (Fannett)  in  the  records  of  Cumberland  county  is  in 
the  year  17C1.  It  was  undoubtedly  organized  by  the  order  of 
the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  that  count}^,  most  probably  in 
that  or  the  preceding  j^ear.  Its  original  shape  was  that  of  a 
long,  narrow  point ;  and  it  is  said  that  it  was  named  by  its 
early  settlers,  who  were  mostly  Scotch-Irish,  after  "  Fannett 
Point,"  a  promontory  and  light  house  in  the  county  of  Done- 
gal, Province  of  Ulster,  Ireland. 

Richard  and  John  Coulter  took  up  a  large  body  of  land  in 
the  upper  end  of  the  township,  near  Concord,  in  the  year  1756, 
and  Francis  Amberson  settled  in  the  valley  now  called  after 
him,  ''Amberson's  Yalley,"  in  the  year  17G3.  Soon  afterwards 
Barnabas  Clark,  after  whom  "Clark's  Knob"  is  named,  John 
Ward,  Cromwell  M'Vitty  and  others  also  settled  in  the  latter 
named  valle}',  and  their  descendants  are  now  among  its  most 
prominent  citizens.  There  are  two  post  offices,  one  large  steam 
tannery,  two  churches,  (one  Union  and  one  Protestant  Metho- 
dist,) one  general  store,  three  blacksmith  shops,  one  cabinet- 
maker shop,  three  carpenter  shops,  one  wheelwright  shop,  and 
four  good  school  houses  in  this  little  valley. 

LETTERKENN  Y 1 7  G2. 

This  township  was  formed  out  of  the  southern  part  of  Lur- 
gan  township,  by  order  of  the  court  of  Cumberland  county, 
about  the  year  1760  or  1761,  and  then  included  the  territory 
now  in  Greene  township.  The  first  mention  that  I  find  of  it 
in  the  records  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  that  county 
was  at  March  term,  1762.  What  it  took  its  name  from  I  can- 
not say.  Some  affirm  that  there  is  a  town,  or  district,  of  the 
same  name  in  Ireland,  and  that  the  early  settlers  being  mostly 
Scotch-Irish,  the  township  was  called  after  it.  But  I  have  not 
been  able  to  find  that  there  is  any  such  a  place  in  the  "Green 
Isle,"  and  therefore  cannot  say  that  this  statement  is  either 
true  or  false.     Settlements  and  improvements  were  made  in 


192  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRAiS'KLlN    COUNTY. 

that  region  of  the  county  shortly  after  the  year  1730,  though 
the  office  rights  issued  and  survej-s  made  do  not  date  back 
earlier  than  1736,  the  year  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished. 

John  B.  Kaufman,  Esq.,  our  present  county  surveyor,  who  is  a 
native  of  the  townsliip,  and  fully  acquainted  with  the  facts  con- 
,nected  with  its  early  settlement,  saj's :  ''Several  surveys  were 
made  and  warrants  issued  in  1736,  1744  and  1746,  but  they 
were  not  very  numerous  until  1750,  though  we  find  abundant 
evidences  prior  to  this  latter  date  that  settlements  had  been 
made  years  before.  When  the  French  and  Indian  war  became 
serious  in  1755,  and  the  settlers  were  burnt  out,  or  massacred, 
and  could  not  remain  in  safety,  many  of  them  abandoned  their 
improvements  and  removed  eastward  into  the  older  settle- 
ments. Emigration  was  checked  and  almost  totally  ceased 
until  about  the  j-ear  1760  or  1762.  Then  there  was  a  large  in- 
flux of  settlers,  and  by  the  time  the  revolution  broke  out  the 
farming  lands  both  in  this  valley  and  in  Horse  valley  were 
largely  taken  up.  I  cannot  find  either  warrants  or  surve^-s  in 
Letterkenny  township  prior  to  1762." 

"From  this  date  the  oflice  rights  multiply  x'apidly,  especially 
after  the  cheaper  rates  of  £5  sterling  per  hundred  acres  were 
inaugurated  under  the  application  system.  This  S3'^stem  went 
into  effect  in  1766.  All  that  was  necessary,  as'  long  as  this 
law  was  in  force,  was  for  the  settler  to  make  application  to  the 
Land  Office  for  so  many  acres,  bounded  by  certain  lands.  An 
order  of  survey  was  then  issued,  and  the  applicant,  for  a  small 
fee  for  his  application  and  order  of  survey,  could  take  up  a 
tract  not  exceeding  four  hundred  acres,  without  paying  for 
the  land  a  farthing,  except  the  fees  above  named,  and  the  ex- 
penses of  surveying.  It  was  expected  that  the  land  would  be 
paid  for  after  the  return  of  the  survey,  and  a  patent  then  be 
taken  out.  This,  however,  was  frequently  not  done,  and  the 
purchase  money  of  many  tracts  has  not  yet  been  paid  to  the 
Commonwealth.  The  land  then  cost  twent3'-two  and  two- 
tenths  cents  per  acre ;  hence  it  is  not  wonderful  that  as  soon 
as  the  Indian  troubles  ceased  the  lands  in  Letterkenny  were 
rapidly  occupied.  As  this  township  is  mostly  slate  land,  now 
considered  by  many  as  inferior  to  the  limestone  and  freestone, 
or  pine  lands  of  Green,  Southampton,  Guilford,  Antrim,  etc., 
it  may  seem  strange  that  the  first  settlers  selected  the  slate 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  193 

lands,  which  were  often  quite  hill}^,  in  preference  to  the  others. 
But  when  it  is  remenibered  that  the  slate  lands  were  heavily 
timbered,  and  had  abundant  springs  and  meadows,  and  were 
smoother  and  easily  cultivated  ;  and  the  limestone  lands  were 
nearl3'  all  quite  destitute  of  timber,  were  often  poorly  watered^ 
were  broken  by  ridges  of  rock,  and  were  in  other  respects  un- 
inviting and  barren,  the  reasons  for  their  preference  are  easily 
seen." 

"Some  settlers  who  had  taken  out  warrants  at  an  early  daj'' 
at  £15, 10s.  per  one  hundred  acres,  and  paid  a  part  of  the  pur- 
chase money,  afterwards,  when  the  rates  were  reduced,  aban- 
doned the  old  warrants  and  took  out  new  ones  and  obtained 
patents  on  them.  But  as  the  Scotch-Irish  of  those  days  were 
actual  settlers,  and  not  speculators,  whenever  they  went  to  the 
trouble  to  obtain  evidence  of  title  they  generally  lived  on 
their  lands  and  retained  them." 

"After  the  battle  of  Trenton  some  of  the  Hessians  captured 
there  found  their  way  to  this  vicinity,  and  settling  here,  be- 
■came  useful  and  industrious  citizens,  and  their  descendants 
are  amongst  the  most  worthy  and  respectable  of  our  people." 

"So  much  has  been  said  in  praise  of  the  Scotch-Irish  pio- 
neer that  I  will  not  spoil  a  subject  so  well  handled  and  oft 
repeated  by  enlarging  upon  it.  And  concerning  the  'Dutch- 
jnan,'  who  has  taken  his  place,  in  a  great  measure,  he  has  done 
his  part  so  quietly  that  there  is  not  much  to  say  about  him. 
When  the  Germans  first  made  their  appearance  the  old  pioneer 
did  not  always  look  upon  them  with  much  favor,  and  it  is  said 
that  one  of  them  who  did  not  like  'Hans,'  wondered,  rever- 
ently, of  course,  'what  God  Almighty  meant  in  making  the 
Dutchman  and  letting  him  have  the  best  of  the  land  besides.' " 

"But  the  Scotch-Irishman,  sturdy  and  strong,  upright  and 
fearless,  if  not  a  very  successful  farmer,  still  performed  a  mis- 
sion that  cannot  be  easily  overestimated,  and  as  a  descendant 
of  a  Swiss  German,  I  can  and  do  cheerfully  give  my  meed  of 
praise  to  the  early  settlers  of  the  Cumberland  Valley." 

Major  James  M'Calmont,  so  famous  in  early  times  as  an 
Indian  fighter,  was  born  near  Strasburg,  in  this  township. 
Because  of  the  massacre  of  certain  of  his  neighbors  and  ac- 
quaintances, he  became  the  sworn  enemy  of  the  savages.  He 
was  peculiarly  fleet  of  foot,  knew  ever}-  nook  and  corner  of 
13 


194  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

the  country,  was  a  sure  shot,  and  had  man}'  hair-breadth 
escapes  in  his  contests  with  the  Indians,  many  of  whom  are 
said  to  have  fallen  by  his  gun.  He  is  said  to  have  been  very 
modest  when  speaking  of  his  exploits,  and  never  admitted 
that  he  had  killed  an  Indian.  He  would  say  :  "I  shot  at  him," 
and  it  was  pretty  well  understood  that  when  he  shot  at  an 
Indian  there  was  a  savage  that  needed  burial. 

'^The  Rocky  Spring"  Presbyterian  Church  is  within  the 
bounds  of  this  township.  It  was  organized  about  the  year 
lto8,  and  had  a  very  large  membership  for  many  years. 

WASHINGTON — 1179. 

This  township  was  organized  by  an  order  of  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions  of  Cumberland  county  about  April  term, 
1*779,  out  of  Antrim  township.  At  January  term,  1779,  a 
petition  of  the  citizens  of  Antrim  township  was  presented,, 
praying  for  the  division  of  that  township,  and  James  John- 
ston, Abraham  Smith,  Humphrey  Fullerton,  James  M'Cleue- 
han,  Elias  Davison  and 'William  Finley  were  appointed  com- 
missioners to  examine  and  report  upon  the  propriety  of  the 
division.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  record  of  the  report 
of  these  commissioners,  nor  of  the  action  of  the  court  thereon. 
Thev  should  have  reported  to  April  term,  1779,  and  most 
probably  did,  as  the  name  of  the  new  township — Washington 
— appears  upon  the  record  of  the  court  immediately  there- 
after. It  was  called  after  General  Washington,  who  was  then 
"first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen,"  as  the  leader  of  their 
armies  in  the  contest  then  going  on  for  the  independence  of 
the  United  Colonies.  The  new  township  took  from  Antrim 
more  than  one-half  the  latter's  area,  and  embraced  all  that 
territory  now  within  the  township  of  Quincy. 

Settlements  were  made  in  what  is  now  Washington  town- 
ship as  early  as  1735-'-iO.  The  tract  of  land  upon  which 
Waynesboro  now  stands  was  taken  up  in  1749.  The  first  road 
from  what  is  now  Fulton  county  (then  Cumberland  county) 
through  Peters  and  Antrim,  and  what  is  now  Waahington 
township,  was  laid  out  by  order  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Ses- 
sions of  Cumberland  county  in  the  year  1768.  At  the  April 
sessions  of  the  courts  of  Cumberland  county,  in  the  year  1761^ 
a  petition  of  the  citizens  of  Peters  township  was  presented. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  105 

setting  forth  "that  thej^  have  no  prospect  for  a  standing 
market  for  the  produce  of  their  countr}',  onl}^  at  Baltimore, 
and  having  no  road  leading  from  their  township  to  said  town 
of  Baltimore,  and  flour  being  the  principal  commodity  their 
township  produceth,  and  having  tico  mills  in  said  township^ 
viz:  John  M'Dowell's  and  William  Smith's,  they  pray  the 
court  to  appoint  men  to  view  and  lay  out  a  road  from  each  of 
said  mills  to  meet  at  or  near  the  house  of  William  Maxwell,, 
and  from  thence  to  run  by  the  nearest  and  best  way  towards 
said  town  of  Baltimore  until  it  intersects  the  '■'■  temporary  line,^^ 
or  tlie  line  of  York  county.  The  Court  appointed  Henry 
Pawlin,  James  Jack,  John  Allison,  Joseph  Bradner,  John 
M'Clellan,  Jr.,  and  William  Holliday,  viewers,  any  four  of 
them  to  make  report.  Xo  report  was  made  until  April  term^ 
1768,  when  the  viewers  reported  in  favor  of  a  road,  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  people  of  Peters,  Air  and  Hamilton 
townships.  The  roads  were  to  be  '■''bridle  roads"  from  the 
mills  to  the  boundaries  of  Peters  township.  They  were  to- 
unite  at  or  near  James  Irwin's  mill,  in  Peters  tov/nship,  thence 
crossing  the  Conococheague  creek  at  the  mouth  of  Muddy  run,. 
thence  through  Antrim  township  to  the  Gap,  commonly  called 
"Nicholson's,"  in  the  South  mountain,  and  thence  to  the  town 
of  Baltimoi-e.  This  is  substantially  the  route  of  the  present 
turnpike  from  Mercersburg,  by  way  of  Greencastle  and 
Waynesboro,  towards  Baltimore,  and  the  reason  that  none  of 
these  towns  are  named  is  because  they  were  not  then  ia 
existence. 

MONTGOMERY — 1781. 

This  township  was  formed  out  of  the  southern  part  of  Peters 
township,  by  a  decree  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of 
Cumberland  county.  At  the  October  term,  1*780,  the  petition 
for  the  division  of  the  township  was  presented,  and  the  court 
appointed  James  Maxwell,  John  M'Clellan,  John  Work,  James 
Campbell,  Adam  Holliday  and  Thomas  Campbell  to  examine 
and  report  upon  the  propriety  of  the  division.  They  reported 
at  January  term,  1781,  and  their  report  was  then  confirmed,  di- 
viding the  township  as  follows,  viz  :  "Beginning  at  a  pine  on 
the  ]5edford  county  line,  thence  five  hundred  perches  to  the 
south  branch  of  Smith's  rim  ;  thence  down  said  run  an  easterly 


296  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

'Course  until  where  it  empties  into  the  West  Conococheague 
creek  ;  thence  south  seventy-one  degrees,  east  nine  hundred 
and  ninety-four  perches  to  the  Baltimore  road,  near  Charles 
Lowry's  ;  thence  north  eighty  degrees,  cast  one  thousand  one 
hundred  and  forty  perches  to  a  buttonwood  tree  standing  on 
the  bank  of  the  East  Conococheague  creek,  at  the  mouth  of 
Wood's  run,  being  the  wliole  extent  of  said  division  line — the 
south  side  to  be  called  'Montgomer3\'  "  This  name  was  un- 
doubtedly selected  in  honor  of  Brigadier  General  Richard 
Montgomery,  who  had  been  killed  in  the  attack  upon  (Quebec, 
Canada,  on  the  31st  of  December,  1775.  The  first  settlers 
"were  mostly  Scotch-Irish,  though  there  were  a  number  of  Welsh 
in  the  south-eastern  part  of  the  township,  from  whom  the 
present  village  of  "Welsh  Run"  took  its  name.  They  located 
between  the  j^ears  1730  and  1735.  The  first  Presbyterian 
chui'ch  there  was  organized  about  the  year  1736,  about  which 
time  their  first  church  edifice  was  erected,  which  was  used 
until  the  year  1760,  when  it  was  burned  by  the  Indians.  In 
17  41  the  Upper  West  Conococheague  Presbyterian  congrega- 
tion was  divided,  and  a  congregation  organized  in  the  Welsh 
Run  district,  under  the  name  of  "The  Lower  West  Conoco- 
cheague Church."  About  1774  they  built  their  second  church, 
which  was  used  until  the  present  beautiful  structure  ("The 
Hobert  Kennedy  Memorial  Presbyterian  Church")  was  put  up 
•on  the  site  of  the  old  church,  and  dedicated  September  30th, 
1871. 

On  the  1st  of  September,  1787,  Mr.  John  Kennedy,  one  of 
the  citizens  of  this  township,  and  the  owner  of  live  hundred 
acres  of  land  in  it,  advertised  through  the  Carlisle  Gazette  that 
.•he  had  laid  out  a  new  town  at  the  forks  of  the  east  and  west 
branches  of  the  Conococheague  creek  ;  that  there  were  two 
hundred  and  twenty-six  lots  in  his  town,  each  of  which  was 
eighty-two  and  one-half  feet  wide  by  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  feet  deep ;  that  the  streets  were  to  be  sixty  and  eighty  feet 
wide,  two  of  which  were  named  "Water  street,"  (east  and  west ;) 
that  the  lots  were  to  be  disposed  of  by  lottery  on  the  13th  of 
November,  1787  ;  that  each  lot  must  be  inclosed  with  a  rail  or 
paling  fence  within  three  years,  and  a  house  of  brick,  stone, 
frame  or  log,  at  least  twenty-two  feet  square,  with  a  chimney 
of  brick  or  stone,  must  be  put  up  within  five  years,  and  that 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIX    COUNTY.  19T 

the  annual  quit  rent  on  each  lot  would  be  three  bushels  of  mer- 
chantable wheat.  No  name  was  given  to  the  new  town,  and 
the  whole  enterprise  must  have  been  abandoned  for  some  cause 
or  another.  A  wharf  and  a  warehouse  were  erected  at  the  site 
of  this  town  many  years  ago,  and  wheat  and  other  grains  pur- 
chased and  floated  down  from  the  East  and  West  branches  of  the- 
Conococheague  in  flat  boats  to  the  Potomac,  and  by  that  river  to 
Georgetown,  which  was  then  the  principal  market  for  the  pro- 
ducts of  this  region  of  countr3\  The  erection  of  the  mill  dams 
on  the  creek  interfered  with  this  trade,  and  it  was  long  ago- 
abandoned.  An  oar,  about  fifteen  feet  long,  which  was  used 
on  one  of  these  flat  boats,  is  still  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Laza- 
rus Kennedy,  who  resides  upon  and  owns  the  farm  of  his  an- 
cestor who  laid  out  this  unnamed  town  in  IT 87. 

SOUTHAMPTON — 1783. 

This  township  was  organized  out  of  the  south-eastern  part 
of  Lurgan  township,  by  the  order  of  the  Court  of  Quarter 
Sessions  of  Cumberland  county,  about  the  year  1733.  I  have 
been  unable  to  find  the  exact  date  of  its  organization,  but  as 
it  appears  upon  the  records  of  that  county  in  that  year,  and 
does  not  appear  earlier,  it  must  have  been  organized  about 
that  time.  Its  earliest  settlers  were  also  Scotch-Irish,  who  lo- 
cated in  that  township  (then  Hopewell,  Cumberland  county) 
as  far  back  as  the  year  1738.  It  is  said  that  the  township  was 
called  after  the  county  of  Southampton,  in  the  south  of  Eng- 
land, in  which  there  is  a  city  and  important  seaport,  of  the- 
same  name,  containing  about  60,000  inhabitants. 

FRANKLIN — 1784. 

This  townships  appears  on  the  records  of  our  county  in  the 
year  1785,  and  was  carried  along  upon  the  books  of  the  Com- 
missioners' office,  for  taxation  purposes,  as  late  as  the  year 
1822.  I  could  find  no  trace  of  it  on  the  records  of  Cumber- 
land county,  and  therefore  it  must  have  been  qrganized  by  art 
order  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  this  county  in  1784^ 
or  in  the  early  part  of  1785.  It  was  formed  out  of  parts  of 
Guilford  and  -Hamilton  townships,  and  embraced  the  town  plot 
of  Chambersburg,  and  seven  tracts  of  land  adjacent  thereto  in 
both  townships,  containing  about  1,150  acres.     The  borough  of 


11)8  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

C!ham])ersburg  was  erected  b}-  an  Act  of  Assembly  approved 
:i21.st  March,  1803,  with  boundaries  greatly  less  in  extent  than 
those  of  the  township  of  Franklin,  yet  the  assessments  were 
made  for  the  township  for  nineteen  years  afterwards,  and  how 
the  township  organization  was  then  gotten  rid  of,  and  the  sur- 
plus land,  outside  the  borough  limits,  returned  to  the  adjoin- 
ing townships,  I  cannot  tell.  It  may  have  been  done  by  the 
order  of  our  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  but  as  all  the  records 
of  that  Coiirt  prior  to  18(54,  were  destroyed  when  our  town 
was  burnt  on  the  30th  of  July  in  that  year,  I  cannot  speak 
with  any  certainty  as  to  any  action  of  that  Court  in  relation 
to  this  township.     It  was  undoubtedl}'  named  after  our  county. 

GREENE — 1188. 

This  township  was  formed  out  of  the  eastern  end  of  Letter- 
tenny  township,  b^^  an  order  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions 
•of  our  county  in  the  year  1188.  The  records  containing  th^ 
action  of  the  Court  no  longer  exist,  but  there  are  contempora- 
neous records  in  the  Commissioners'  otfice  which  show  that  the 
township  did  not  exist  in  1187,  and  did  exist  in  1788.  Be- 
sides this,  the  township  officers  have  the  township  records  of 
1788,  which  show  the  election  held  that  year  for  their  first 
township  officers.  These  data  render  it  certain  that  the  town- 
ship was  organized  in  1787,  or  in  the  early  part  of  1788.  It 
was  undoubted!}'  named  after  Major  General  Nathaniel  Greene, 
of  the  revolutionar}^  army,  who  but  a  few  years  before  had  so 
gallantly  contested  the  possession  of  the  Carolinas  with  the 
British  troops  under  Lord  Cornwallis. 

The  original  settlers  in  this  township  (then  Hopewell  or 
Lurgan,)  were  Scotch-Irish  Presbj^terians,  who  came  into  it 
contemporaneousl}^  with  the  settlement  of  the  surrounding 
(districts,  I  have  not  been  given  the  dates  of  their  settlements 
,and  cannot  therefore  particularize  them.  Among  them  were 
the  Armstrongs,  Thomsons,  Ramages,  Stewarts,  Culbertsons, 
3I'Clays,  Hendersons,  Criswells,  Bittingers,  Fergusons,  Bairds, 
Johnsons,  &c.,  <^c.,  who  lived  there  many  years,  who  are  buried 
there,  and  whose  descendants  are  among  the  most  worthy  in  the 
township,  and  still  adhere  to  the  faith  of  their  forefathers.  A 
house  built  in  1755,  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  3'^ears  ago,  is 
still  standing,  and  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  199 

The  town  of  Greenvillage  stands  npon  the  summit  level  be- 
'tween  the  Susquehanna  and  Potomac,  the  waters  arising  east 
of  it  flowing  into  the  former,  and  those  rising  west  of  it  flow- 
ing into  the  latter.  Tears  ago  a  certain  James  M'Nulty,  a 
Roman  Catholic,  kept  a  tavern  in  the  village  and  the  celebrated 
Lorenzo  Dow  frequently  preached  in  his  bar-room  to  crowded 
audiences,  '■'subject  to  certain  rules^^'  among  which  was  one  that 
he  should  not  abuse  the  Catholics,  and  whenever  Lorenzo  in 
his  haste  or  zeal  forgot  the  "  rules,^^  out  ^vent  the  candle,  and 
the  preacher  and  his  audience  were  left  in  the  dark. 

METAL — 1195. 
This  township  was  formed  out  of  the  southern  end  of  old 
Fannett,  by  the  order  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of 
this  county,  about  the  year  1795.  As  in  the  case  of  Franklin 
and  Greene  townships,  no  record  of  its  organization  can  be 
found,  because  of  the  destruction  of  the  records  of  the  court. 
Eut  from  the  records  referred  to  before,  as  existing  in  the 
Commissioners'  office,  (wherein  tables  containing  the  names  of 
all  the  townships  are  found,)  it  is  certain  that  this  township 
must  have  been  created  about  1795,  for  its  name  does  }iot  ap- 
pear in  1795,  and  does  appear  in  May  1796.  Its  earliest  settlers 
were  chiefly  Scotch-Irish,  of  the  same  religious  faith  as  those 
who  settled  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Path  Yalley.  Among 
them  were  the  Elliotts,  Walkers,  Nobles,  M'Connells,  Kilgores, 
Alexanders,  M'Cartneys,  M'Curdj's,  Elders,  Skinners,  Camp- 
bells, Mackeys,  Montgomerys,  Armstrongs,  &c.,  &c.  A  Presb}-- 
terian  congregation  was  formed  about  the  year  1767,  composed 
of  the  Presbyterians  of  the  whole  valley.  They  early  differed 
as  to  the  location  of  their  church  edifice,  and  finallj^  divided 
and  formed  two  congregations,  that  in  the  southern  end  of  the 
valley  taking  the  name  of  "  The  Lower  Path  Yalley  Presbyte- 
rian Church,"  built  their  church  about  one  mile  south  of  where 
Fannettsburg  now  stands.  The  congregation  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  valley  took  the  name  of  "  The  Upper  Path  Yalley 
Presbyterian  Church,"  and  built  their  church  edifice  where 
the  village  of  Spring  Run  now  stands.  The  reverend  Amos 
A.  M'Ginley  ministered  to  both  churches  from  1802  to  1851 — 
nearly  fifty  years.  When  first  called  his  salary  was  fixed  at 
five  hundred  dollars  per  year,  one-half  of  which  was  paid  by 


200  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FllANKLIN    COUNTY. 

each  congregation.  About  the  year  1820  or  1823,  when  times 
became  very  hard,  money  scarce  and  everj^thing  very  high, 
the  sessions  of  the  churches  met  and  added  two  hundred  dol- 
lars to  their  pastor's  salar}^,  one-half  thereof  to  be  paid  by 
each  congregation.  In  a  few  years,  when  times  became  better 
and  prices  lower,  Mr.  M'Ginley  called  the  sessions  of  the 
churches  together  and  told  them  that  the}'  must  take  ofl'  the 
extra  two  hundred  dollars,  and  he  afterwards  continued  to 
preach  for  them  until  his  retirement,  in  1851,  at  his  old  salary 
of  five  hundred  dollars.  Few  clergymen  can  be  found  in  these- 
days  who  would  act  so  disinterestedly  as  did  Dr.  M'Ginley  in 
this  case. 

This  townshij)  was  undoubtedly  so  called  because  of  the  large 
quantity  of  metal  to  be  found  within  its  boundaries. 

WARREN — 1798. 

The  "Little  Cove,"  as  this  district  was  called  in  former 
times,  was  a  part  of  Bedford  county  until  the  29th  of  March, 
1*798,  when  an  Act  of  Assembly  was  approved  annexing  it  to 
our  county,  and  making  it  a  part  of  Montgomery  township. 
It  was  formed  into  a  township  during  that  year,  by  an  order 
of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  our  county,  and  called 
"  Warren,"  in  honor  of  Brigadier  General  Joseph  Warren,  who 
had  been  killed  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  on  the  17th  of 
June,  1776.  Because  of  the  destruction  of  our  county  records 
I  have  been  unable  to  fix  the  exact  date  of  the  order  of  court 
organizing  the  township,  but  it  must  have  beeu  between  the' 
April  and  August  terms  of  that  year,  for  on  the  3d  of  Janu- 
ary, 1799,  the  County  Commissioners  paid  Benjamin  Williams 
six  dollars,  in  part  of  his  services  for  assessing  Warren  town- 
ship. 

Settlements  were  made  in  this  township  as  early  as  1740. 
Quite  a  number  of  them  were  under  rights  from  Lord  Balti- 
more and  the  Mar3dand  authorities,  whilst  the  true  position 
of  the  boundary  line  between  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  was 
yet  undetermined.     There  are  no  towns  in  the  township. 

ST.   THOMAS — 1818-1820. 

This  township  was  formed  out  of  territory  taken  from  Peters 
and  Hamilton.     That  part  of  the  township  east  of  Campbell's. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  201 

run  was  taken  from  Hamilton,  that  loent  of  the  run  from 
Peters.  The  precise  date  of  its  organization  is  in  more  doubt 
than  the  organization  of  townships  formed  in  the  last  century. 
The  records  of  our  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  by  whose  order 
it  was  created,  have  been  destroyed,  and  no  contemporaneous 
record,  either  in  the  township  or  elsew^here,  has  been  found 
that  would  fix  the  date.  The  first  assess  book  for  the  laying 
of  a  tax  in  it  was  issued  in  November,  1820,  but  citizens  of 
the  township  claim  that  it  was  formed  in  1818. 

The  early  settlers  in  the  township  were  chiefly  Scotch-Irish, 
who  went  there  between  1133  and  173*7.  There  were  also 
some  Germans  in  the  eastern  or  Hamilton  part  of  the  township 
at  a  very  early  date. 

The  township,  it  is  said  by  old  residents,  was  called  after 
Thomas  Campbell,  the  founder  of  Campbellstown,  (or  St. 
Thomas,  as  it  is  now  called,)  by  putting  the  prefix  Saint  to 
his  given  name,  making  the  new  name  "  St.  Thomas." 

QUixcY— 183t-1838. 

This  township  was  formed  out  of  the  northern  part  of  Wash- 
ington township,  by  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  our 
county,  and  embraces  rather  more  than  the  one-half  of  the 
territory  originally  in  Washington  township.  It  was  organ- 
ized very  late  in  the  year  183'!,  or  within  the  first  nine  months 
of  1838.  The  assess  books  for  1831  were  issued  in  November 
of  that  year  and  no  book  for  this  township  appears  amongst 
them,  whereas  it  does  appear  among  those  issued  in  November,. 
1838. 

The  country  now  embraced  in  the  township  was  early  settled 
by  a  mixed  population  of  Germans  and  Scotch-Irish.  Freder- 
ick Fisher  located  in  1737  ;  George  Wertz  came  from  York 
county  in  1745  ;  Adam  Small  settled  about  the  same  time. 
John  Snowberger,  a  Swiss,  settled  in  1750;  John  M'Cleary, 
of  Scotland,  in  1768,  and  his  descendants  occupied  tlie  same 
tract  of  land  for  one  hundred  and  two  3'ears.  Christopher 
Dull,  Abraham  Knepper,  Adam  Small,  George  Royer,  John 
and  George  Cook,  Samuel  Toms,  John  Heefner  and  others 
were  early  settlers. 

William  Hayman,  Jr.,  says  :  "  The  first  settlers  were  a  hardy 
and  industrious  class  of  men,  who  came  principally  from  Ger- 


202  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

many,  or  from  other  districts  of  this  country  settled  by  the 
Germans.  The}-  had  no  lofty  affixes  or  suffixes  to  their  names. 
There  were  no  Generals,  Colonels  or  "D.  D.'s"  amongst  them  ; 
and  as  they  were  plain  and  economical  in  their  style  of  living, 
having  few  luxuries,  they  seldom  needed  the  '^M.  D.'s"  They 
were  peaceabh',  and  strictl}-  honest  in  their  dealings  with  their 
neighbors  and  fellow  men.  They  loved  the  institutions  of  the 
land,  and  were  slow  to  favor  innovations,  thinking  that  the 
old  and  well-known  ways  were  the  best.  They  went  in  for  the 
substantials  of  life.  Their  clothing  was  plain  and  comfortable, 
both  in  summer  and  in  winter.  Shoddy  was  unknown  to  them. 
Every  farmer  put  out  a  small  patch  of  flax  for  himself  and  his 
household.  The  fields  yielded  abundantly,  and  the  men 
served  their  country  as  faithfuU}^  in  raising  produce  for  the 
sustenance  of  mankind  as  many  who  occupied  public  stations 
and  bore  arms." 

This  township  is  very  rich  in  iron  ores  and  other  minerals, 
and  has  in  it  some  of  the  most  productive  farm  lands  in  our 
county.  The  old  residents  sa}-  that  it  was  called  after  John 
Quincy  Adams,  the  sixth  President  of  the  United  States. 

rOST    OFFICES    IN    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

The  first  settlement  in  our  county,  as  has  heretofore  been 
stated,  was  made  about  the  year  1730.  Thirt^^-fouv  years 
afterwards,  or  in  1*764,  the  town  of  Chambersburg  was  laid 
out,  and  twenty -years  after  that,  or  in  1784,  the  county  of 
Fi'anklin  was  formed,  and  yet  it  was  not  until  six  years  later, 
or  in  1790,  that  the  people  of  the  county  were  given  a  post 
office.  Considerable  settlements  had  been  in  existence  for 
years  before  at  Fort  Loudon,  Chambersburg,  Mercersburg, 
Greencastle,  Waynesboro',  Roxbury,  Strasburg,  St.  Thomas 
and  other  points  in  the  county,  whilst  the  population  had  in- 
creased from  between  three  and  four  thousand  in  1750,  to  nearly 
fourteen  thousand  in  1784,  and  numbered  fifteen  thousand  six 
hundred  and  fift^^-five  in  1790  ;  and  yet  for  nearly  sixty  years 
our  ancestors  in  this  part  of  the  Cumberland  Yalley  had  not 
a  single  post  office  among  them.  How  they  were  able  to  trans- 
act their  necessary  public  and  private  business,  it  is  difficult 
to  imagine.  It  is  well  known  that  letters  were  not  near  as 
numerous  then  as  now ;  but  how  a  people  numbering  nearly 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


203 


sixteen  thousand,  with  a  county  organization,  and  all  the  conse- 
quent public  and  private  correspondence,  could  thus  get  along 
for  six  years,  I  cannot  conceive.  Of  course  they  had  to  de- 
pend upon  the  courtesy  of  travelers,  or  neighbors,  or  rely  upon 
private  post  riders,  for  the  transmission  of  their  letters  and 
other  postal  matter. 

The  Hon,  James  H.  Marr,  Acting  First  Assistant  Post  Mas- 
ter General,  has  certified  to  me  the  following  list  of  the  post 

offices  in  our  county,  with  the  dates  of  their  establishment  re- 
spectively, and  the  names  of  the  first  post  masters,  viz  : 

Chambersburg,  John  Martin,  appointed  P.  M.  June     1,  1790 

Oreencastle,  John  Watson,  '^ 

Mercersburg,  James  Bahn,  " 

Pannettsburg,  James  Sweeny,  " 

Brown's  Mills,  William  Brown,  " 

Concord,  Edward  W.  Doyle,  " 

Waynesboro,  Michael  Stoner,  " 

Roxburv,  William  Revnolds,  " 

^St.  Thomas.  John  Shafer,  " 

Dry  Run,  Wm,  Campl)ell,  Jr.,  " 

Payetteville,  John  Darby,  " 

Greenvillage,  James  M'Nulty,  " 

Jackson  Hall,  John  S.  Kerr,  " 

Loudon,  Benjamin  Stenger,  '• 

Upper  Strasburg,  Wm.  M'Clellan,  " 

State  Line,  David  Brumbaugh.  " 

Quincy,  Jacob  Byer,  " 

Welsli  Run,  John  Eldon,  " 

Marion,  William  Martin,  " 

Orrstown,  James  B.  Oir,  " 

Sjdvan,  William  Bowers,  " 

Bridgeport  Mills,  Martin  Hoover,  " 

Mont  Alto,  John  Kuhn,  " 

Scotland,  George  R.  M'llroy,  " 

Spring  Run,  Wm.  A.  Mackey,  " 

Amberson's  Yalley,  B.  J  Culbertson,      " 

Doylesburg,  Philip  T.  Doyle,  " 

Carrick  Furnace,  Geo.  W.  Swank,  " 

Shady  Grove,  Fred.  B.  Snively,  " 

Mount  Parnel,  John  MuUan,  " 

Clay  Lick,  Elam  B.  Winger,  " 

Mowersvillc,  Jacob  Snoke,  " 

New  Bridge,  H.  P.  Piper,  " 

Mason  and  Dixon,  A.  B.  Barnhart,  " 

Richmond  Fui-nace,W.  Burgess,  " 


April 

4,  1799 

Jan. 

1,  1803 

March  30,1809 

July 

1,  1813 

Jan. 

16,  1816 

Dec. 

31,  1818 

Feb. 

5,  1822 

Feb. 

21,  1824 

Sept. 

15,  1825 

Sept. 

4,  1826 

Sept. 

12,  1827 

Jan. 

12,  1828 

Dec. 

24,  1828 

Feb. 

28,  1828 

Feb. 

9,  1830 

March  27,1830 

May 

17,  1830 

March  2,  1833 

Jan. 

26,  1836 

Feb. 

3,  1837 

Feb. 

15,  1837 

Dec. 

14,  1843 

June 

26,  1849 

Nov. 

13, 1850 

Dec. 

16,  1850 

May 

23,  1854 

July 

5,  1860 

Dec. 

7,  1860 

April 

3,  1862 

April 

.21,  1862 

March  3,  1868 

Sept. 

8,  1868 

May 

15,  1868 

May 

23,1872 

204  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Williamson.  E.  H.  Hagennan,  api)ointcd  P.  M.  Aug.  20,  18t2 
Five  Forks,  W.  H.  Brown.  "-  March  5,  187S 

llouzersville,  C.  A.  Buhrman,  "  June  26,  1873 

Lehmastcr's,  C.  Plum,  ''  1877 

Warren  Point,  Archibald  S.  Wonger,      "  Feb.  1878- 

TOWNS    AND    VILLAGES    IN    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Alto^  Dale.     See  Funkstown. 

Bridgeport  (P.  O.,  Bridgeport  Mills)  is  situated  in  Peters 
township,  at  the  intersection  of  the  roads  from  St.  Thomas  ta 
Mercersburg,  and  from  Loudon  to  Tipton.  It  is  a  very  old 
settlement.  As  early  as  1730  or  1731  John,  William,  Xathan 
and  James  M'Dowell,  four  brothers,  took  up  a  large  quantity 
of  land  immediately  around  where  the  village  now  is.  Within 
a  few  years  afterwards,  John  M'Dowell  built  a  grist  mill,  and 
in  1756  built  the  fort,  which  during  those  early  days  was  sO' 
well  known  as  "M'Dowell's  fort."  A  magazine  was  early  estab- 
lished there  by  the  colonial  authorities  for  the  deposit  and  safe 
keeping  of  arms  and  munitions  of  war.  About  fifty-five  3"ears 
ago  the  stone  bridge  was  built  there  over  the  w^est  branch  of 
the  Conococheague,  and  from  that  time  the  place  was  called 
Bridgeport.  The  town  has  grown  up  principall}'  within  the 
last  twenty-five  or  thirty  j'ears.  The  population  is  now  near 
one  hundred  and  fifty. 

Camp  Hill  is  situated  in  Montgomery  township,  at  the  base 
of  Casey's  Knob,  six  miles  south  of  Mercersburg.  It  was 
started  by  William  Auld,  Esq.,  aliout  the  year  1830,  and  took 
its  name  from  a  large  camp  meeting  that  was  held  there  at 
that  time.     Its  population  numbers  nearly  fifty  persons. 

Carrick  (P.  0.,  Carrick  Furnace)  is  situated  in  Metal  town- 
ship, on  the  road  leading  from  Loudon  through  Path  Valley 
northward,  about  four  miles  south  of  Fannettsburg.  Carrick 
Furnace  was  built  b}^  General  Samuel  Dunn  in  the  year  1828. 
It  is  now  carried  on  by  R.  M.  Shalter  and  manufactures  about 
thirty  tons  of  iron  per  week.  The  population  of  the  village 
is  about  one  hundred  and  twent}-  persons. 

Cashtown  is  situated  in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  slate 
road  leading  from  Chambersburg  to  Mercersburg,  six  miles 
from  the  former  place.  Its  population  numbers  about  fifty 
persons. 


I 


IITSTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  205 

Centre,  or  Centre  Square,  is  situated  in  Lurgan  township, 
on  the  road  leading  from  Orrstown  to  Roxhur}-.  The  popu- 
lation numbers  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons. 

CiiAMBERSBURG  (P.  0.)  is  situated  at  the-  confluence  of  the 
Conococheague  creek  and  the  Falling  Spring.  Benjamin 
Chambers  settled  here  about  the  year  1730.  On  the  30th  of 
March,  1734,  before  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished,  he  ob- 
tained a  license  from  Samuel  Blunston,  the  agent  of  the  Penns, 
to  take  up  four  hundred  acres  of  land,  on  both  sides  of  the 
•creek,  at  the  point  where  Chambersburg  now  stands.  He 
immediately  built  a  saw  mill  at  the  mouth  of  the  Falling 
Spring,  and  a  few  years  afterwards  erected  a  flour  mill  just 
south  of  his  saw  mill.  In  the  early  part  of  June,  17G4,  Colo- 
nel Chambers  laid  out  the  town  of  Chambersburg,  and  on 
Thursdaj^,  the  28th  day  of  that  month,  held  a  lottery  to  dis- 
i:)Ose  of  the  lots.  The  town  grew  slowly,  and  lots  commanded 
but  poor  prices,  as  thirteen  years  afterwards,  viz  :  on  the  12th 
day  of  July,  1777,  Colonel  Chambers  sold  the  lot  Trestle's 
tavern  now  stands  upon  to  Nicholas  Snyder  for  one  pound  ten 
shillings,  Pennsylvania  currenc}^,  (or  $4  00  of  our  present 
money,)  upon  the  condition  that  within  two  ^-ears  he  should 
build  a  house  upon  it  at  least  sixteen  feet  square^  and  forever 
pa}^  an  annual  quit  rent  of  fifteen  shillings  to  the  said  Cham- 
bers, or  his  heirs  or  assigns. 

In  September,  1784,  by  the  act  creating  the  county  of 
Franklin,  Chambersburg  was  made  the  county  seat  of  the  new- 
county.  Its  population  was  then  not  more  than  four  or  five 
hundred.  In  1786  there  were  ninety-six  houses  here,  and  in 
1788  one  hundred  and  thirty-four.  We  have  now  about  1,085 
houses,  of  stone,  brick  and  framed  timber,  all  of  them  sub- 
stantially, and  many  of  them  tastefully  built  and  ornamented. 
We  have  fourteen  churches,  viz :  two  Presbyterian,  one  Re- 
formed, one  English  Lutheran,  one  Protestant  Episcopal,  two 
Methodist  Episcopal,  one  German  Reformed,  one  Baptist,  one 
German  Lutheran,  one  United  Brethern,  one  Roman  Catholic, 
and  two  colored  Methodist.  Our  Court  House  is  one  of  the 
best  in  the  State,  whilst  our  prison  is  a  disgrace  to  the  county. 
We  have  two  banks,  with  commodious  banking  rooms,  a 
convenient  and  tasteful  Masonic  Hall,  two  Odd  Fellows'  Halls, 
'•Repository   Hall,"  for  public  meetings,  concerts,  &c.,  and 


206  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

seven  of  the  most  convenient  and  laest  conducted  hotels  to  be 
found  anywhere  in  the  interior  of  the  State.  We  have  also 
an  immense  straw-paper  mill,  (Ileyser's,)  a  large  steam  flour- 
ing mill,  (Christian  Burkhardt's,)  the  Chambersburg  flour  mill, 
and  the  Chambersburg  Woolen  Mills.  We  have  also  the 
foundry  and  iron  ivorks  of  T.  13.  Wood  &  Co.,  and  the  furni- 
ture manufactor}^  of  Henry  Sierer  &  Co.,  where  ever3-thing  in 
their  lines  of  business  is  made,  and  we  have  water  works  and 
gas  works.  Our  population  is  about  six  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred, and  our  municipal  debt  does  not  exceed  ninety-live  thou- 
sand dollars.  The  borough  of  Chambersburg  was  formed  out 
of  parts  of  the  townships  of  Guilford  and  Hamilton,  by  an 
Act  of  Assembly  approved  21st  March,  1803,  and  has  been 
enlarged  several  times  since  by  the  action  of  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions. 

(According  to  "Sheriff's  Directory  of  Chambersburg,"  pub- 
lished in  December,  18TT,  the  population  of  our  town  is  esti- 
mated to  be  seven  thousand  four  hundred  and  sixty-four.) 

Charlestown  is  situated  in  Peters  township,  on  the  turn- 
pike leading  from  Mercersburg  to  M'Connellsburg,  about  three 
miles  from  the  former  place.  It  has  a  population  of  near  fifty 
persons. 

CiiEESETOWN  is  situated  in  Hamilton  township,  three  miles 
northwest  of  Chambersburg,  on  the  road  leading  towards 
Keefer's  store.  It  was  begun  by  Joseph  Bowman  about  the 
year  1840,  and  has  a  population  of  nearly  forty  persons. 

Church  Hill  is  a  small  village  in  Peters  township,  on  the 
"Warm  Spring"  road.  It  has  sprung  up  recently,  and  is  lo- 
cated upon  land  formerly  the  property  of  the  "Old  White 
Church,"  from  which  it  takes  its  name.  The  population  num- 
bers about  thirty  persons. 

Clay  Lick  (P.  O.)  is  situate  in  Montgomery  township,  at 
the  base  of  Clay  Lick  mountain,  from  which  it  takes  its  name. 
It  was  begun  by  Jacob  Negley  about  the  year  1831.  Its  popu- 
lation is  nearly  one  hundred. 

Concord  (P.  O.)  is  situated  in  Fannett  township,  in  the 
upper  end  of  Path  Valley.  It  was  laid  out  by  James  Widncy, 
and  the  first  sale  of  lots  for  building  purposes  was  made  by 
him  in  the  year  1*197.  It  was  doubtless  called  after  Concord^ 
Massachusetts,  the  place  where,  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775, 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  207 

the  British  troops  under  Lieut.  Col.  Smith,  first  felt  the  temper 
of  the  Continental  Minute  men.  The  town  now  contains 
thirty-four  dwellings,  two  churches,  two  stores,  one  hotel  and 
one  grist  mill,  and  one  hundred  and  seventj'-six  inhabitants. 

Cove  Gap  is  situated  in  Peters  township,  at  the  point  where 
the  public  road  leading  out  of  the  Little  Cove,  or  Warren 
township,  intersects  the  turnpike  leading  from  M'Connellsburg 
to  Mercersburg.     Its  population  is  about  fifty  persons. 

DoYLESBURG  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Fannett  township,  three 
miles  south  of  Concord,  at  the  mouth  of  Burns'  Yalley,  on  the 
public  road  from  Concord  to  Dry  Run.  It  Avas  laid  out  by 
Philip  T,  Doyle,  in  the  year  1851,  and  contains  a  large  steam 
tannery,  one  store  and  eleven  dwellings,  with  a  population  of 
about  seventy  persons. 

Dry  Run  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Path  Yalley.  Fannett  town- 
ship, eight  miles  north  of  Fannettsburg.  The  first  house  was 
built  by  John  Holliday,  in  the  year  1833.  James  Stark  bi^ilt 
the  second  one  about  the  year  1836.  In  1838  Stephen  Skin- 
ner laid  out  the  town  and  called  it  "Morrowstown,"  (Morrow, 
being  the  maiden  name  of  his  wife.)  By  tliis  name  it  was 
known  for  many  years.  It  had  been  called  "Dry  Run"  before 
the  town  was  laid  out,  from  the  fact  that  the  stream  which 
passes  through  the  town  frequently  ceased  to  flow.  The  older 
name  was  preferred  to  that  of  Morrowstown,  and  has  now 
come  into  general  use.  The  population  numbers  one  hundred 
and  eighty  persons. 

Fairview  is  situated  in  Southampton  township,  at  the  point 
where  the  road  from  Shippensburg  to  Roxbury  crosses  the 
Conodoguinet  creek.  It  was  laid  out  by  the  late  William  G- 
M'Lellan,  Esq.,  of  Strasburg,  about  twenty-five  years  ago» 
Its  population  numbers  ninety  persons. 

Fannettsburg  (P.  O.)  is  situated  in  Metal  township,  on  the 
old  "Tuscarora  Path,"  twelve  miles  north  of  Loudon.  Settle- 
ments were  made  at  this  point  as  early  as  1T8T,  but  the  town 
was  laid  out  by  William  M'Intyre,  ou  the  25th  of  July,  in  the 
year  1190,  and  took  its  name  from  the  township  of  Fannett,  of 
which  it  then  formed  a  part.  The  lots  were  sold  at  the  price 
of  four  to  six  pounds,  subject  to  a  quit  rent  of  seven  shillings 
and  six  pence  each.  A  number  of  these  quit  rents  yet  exist. 
There  is  one  church  (Methodist)  and  a  public  hall  in  the  town 


208  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

and  two  churches,  one  Presbyterian  and  one  Reformed,  near 
the  town.     The  population  numbers  about  three  hundred.    ' 

Fayettville  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Greene  township,  on  the 
turnpike  road  leading  from  Chambersburg,  to  Gettysburg,  six 
miles  east  of  the  former  place.  Settlements  were  made  in  this 
neighborhood  at  a  very  earl}^  daj'.  Edward  Crawford  owned 
a  very  large  tract  of  land — a  thousand  acres  or  more — but  a 
short  distance  south  of  where  the  village  stands.  In  the  year 
1768  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions 
of  Cumberland  county,  from  citizens  of  Peters,  Hamilton  and 
Guilford  townships,  for  a  public  road  leading  from  James 
Campbell's,  near  Loudon,  through  Chambersburg,  to  the 
county  line  in  Black's  Gap.  Edward  Crawford,  Josiah  Cook, 
George  Brown,  William  M'Brier,  William  Holliday  and  Na- 
than M'Dowell,  were  appointed  viewers,  who  reported  favora- 
bly^ and  at  January  term,  1772  the  road  was  granted.  Its  route 
was  nearly  that  of  the  present  turnpike.  Samuel  Beightal 
bought  the  property  now  known  as  the  ''Renfrew  Mill"  estate 
from  John  Penn  the  elder  and  John  Penn  the  younger,  pro- 
prietaries, in  the  year  1792.  Jacob  Burkholder  owned  the  land 
that  Greenwood  now  stands  upon,  about  the  same  time.  In 
the  year  1810  David  Eby  built  the  merchant  mill,  saw  mill  and 
several  dwelling  houses,  and  called  the  place  "Milton  Mills." 
In  1824  a  school  house  was  built.  In  1826  John  and  Benjamin 
Darby  bought  the  mill  property,  dwelling  houses,  &c.,  from 
the  Bank  of  Chambersburg.  Shortl}-  after  the  Darbys  pur- 
chased they  laid  off  lots  fronting  the  pike  and  began  to 
build  houses.  The  "arcade"  was  built  b}^  John  Darby,  Jacob 
Koontz  and  Miss  Whitmore.  They  then  applied  for  a  post 
office,  to  be  called  "Milton  Mills,"  but  their  application  was 
denied,  unless  they  would  agree  to  change  the  name  of  the 
village.  A  family  council  was  held,  lots  were  cast,  and  the 
name  of  "Fayette\'ille"  selected,  in  honor  of  General  La  Fay- 
ette. 

Findlayville,  about  a  half  mile  west  of  Fayetteville,  and 
now  incorporated  in  it,  was  laid  out  by  Colonel  John  Findlaj', 
of  Chambersburg,  about  the  year  1830.  He  sold  a  number  of 
lots,  and  some  buildings  were  put  up,  but  the  name  never  took. 
The  places  are  now  united  under  the  one  name — Fa3'etteville. 
There  are  five  churches  in  the  place — one  Lutheran,  one  Cove- 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  209 

uauter,  one  United  Brethren,  one  Winebrennarian  and  one 
Presbyterian.  There  are  also  two  hotels,  one  town  hall,  three 
dry  goods  stores,  one  grocery  store  and  two  drug  stores  and 
two  schools,  one  of  which  is  graded.  The  population  is  about 
six  hundred. 

FuNKSTOWN  (P.  0.  name  Mont  Alto)  is  situated  in  Quincy 
township,  on  the  road  leading  from  Fa^'etteville  to  Quincy, 
five  miles  south  of  the  former  place.  John  Funk  was  the  first 
settler,  and  built  the  first  house  in  the  town  in  the  year  181 1. 
The  town  was  called  after  him,  though  of  late  years  an  effort 
has  been  made  to  change  the  name  to  Alto  Dale,  but  it  does 
not  take  with  the  people  of  the  neighborhood.  There  are 
three  churches  in  the  town,  viz :  One  Reformed,  one  Metho- 
dist and  one  Brethren  in  Christ.  The  population  of  the  vil- 
lage is  about  three  hundred  and  sixt3--five. 

Germantoavn  is  a  small  village  in  Greene  township,  situate 
on  the  public  road  leading  from  Scotland  to  Fayetteville, 
about  midway  between  the  two  places.  It  contains  a  popula- 
tion of  about  fifty  persons. 

Greencastle  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Antrim  township,  at  the 
intersection  of  the  Cumberland  Yalle}'^  railroad  and  the  Waynes- 
burg,  Greencastle  'and  Mercersburg  turnpike  road.  The  land 
on  which  the  town  stands  was  taken  up  on  a  warrant  issued  to 
Samuel  Smith,  September  7th,  1750.  He  conveyed  to  John 
Smith,  4th  jSTovember,  IT 61.  John  Smith  conveyed  to  John 
Davison,  6th  November,  1762^  and  he  sold  to  William  Allison, 
25th  April,  1763.  A  patent  was  issued  to  William  Allison, 
26th  July,  1766,  and  by  his  deed,  dated  3d  May,  1769,  he  con- 
veyed the  tract  (three  hundred  acres)  to  his  son.  Colonel  John 
Allison,  who  laid  out  the  town  in  1782.  He  named  it  "Green- 
Castle,"  some  think  in  honor  of  Major  General  Nathaniel 
Greene,  of  revolutionary  fame  ;  but  it  is  more  likely  that  it  was 
called  after  Green-Castle,  a  large  fishing  station,  where  there 
is  a  fort  and  harbor,  in  the  county  of  Donegal,  Province  of 
Ulster,  Ireland. 

Colonel  Allison  divided  his  town  plot  into  two  hundred  and 
fifty-six  lots,  of  equal  size,  and  numbered  them  from  one  to 
two  hundred  and  fifty-six,  inclusive,  and  put  the  price  of  each 
lot  at  three  pounds,  or  eight  dollars.  He  then  made  a  lottery, 
and  every  person  who  purchased  a  ticket  was  entitled  to  a  lot 
U 


210  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

somewhere  in  the  new  town,  and  the  drawing  or  lottery  was 
hehl  to  determine  Avhat  lots  the  ticket-holders  should  get- 
There  were  no  blanks.  Every  ticket  was  bound  to  draw  a  lot ; 
the  only  chance  or  uncertainty  being  whether  it  should  be 
located  on  the  public  square  or  on  a  back  street.  Whatever 
number  a  ticket-holder  drew  he  got  the  lot  bearing  the  same 
number  on  the  plot  of  the  town,  and  received  a  deed  therefor 
from  Colonel  Allison,  subject  to  an  annual  quit  rent  of  ten 
shillings  specie. 

There  are  six  churches  in  the  town,  viz  :  one  Presbyterian  j 
organized  in  1737  or  1738,  one  Reformed,  one  Lutheran,  one 
United  Brethren,  one  Methodist  Episcopal  and  one  African 
Methodist.  The  edifices  of  the  first  three  churches  named 
are  of  the  most  commodious  and  tasteful  character,  whilst  the 
others  named  are  sufficient  for  all  their  wants.  There  is  also 
a  fine  town  hall  in  the  place,  for  the  holding  of  lectures,  con- 
certs, &.C.  The  town  was  made  a  borough  by  an  Act  of  As- 
sembl}^  passed  March  25th,  1805,  and  has  now  a  population  of 
seventeen  hundred. 

Greenvillage  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Greene  township,  on 
the  Harrisburg  turnpike,  five  miles  from  Chambersburg.  It 
was  laid  out  by  Samuel  Nicholson  in  1793.  •  He  purchased  of 
Reuben  Gillespie  fort3^-five  acres  of  land  at  fifty  dollars  per 
acre,  "at  the  intersection  of  the  Chambersburg  and  Strasburg 
roads."  This  land,  and  others  around,  was  located  as  early 
as  1748.  Jonathan  Hirst  built  the  first  house  where  the  town 
now  stands,  on  the  north-east  corner  of  the  intersection  of 
the  present  turnpike  and  the  Scotland  road.  It  stood  until 
the  year  1844.  The  "village"  takes  its  name  from  the  town- 
ship, which  was  called  after  General  Nathaniel  Greene,  of 
the  revolutionary  army.  There  is  one  hotel,  two  churches 
and  two  stores,  in  the  place,  and  the  population  numbers  three 
hundred  persons. 

Greenwood  (P.  O.,  Black's  Gap)  is  situated  in  Greene 
township,  on  the  Chambersburg  and  Gettysburg  turnpike, 
eight  miles  east  of  Chambersburg,  at  the  entrance  of  Black's 
Gap,  in  the  South  mountain.  Settlements  were  made  in  the 
neighborhood  at  a  very  early  day.  The  Black's  Gap  road  was 
laid  out  in  1750,  and  was  made  by  Robert  Black,  the  great- 
grandfather of  Robert  Black,  Esq.,  of  Greenwood.     Conrad 


HISTORICAL   SKETCU    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  211 

Brown  made  the  first  improvement  at  this  point  about  the  3'ear 
1814. 

Jackson  Hall  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Guilford  township,  on 
the  road  leading  from  Chambersburg  to  Mount  Hope  and 
Waynesboro,  five  miles  distant  from  the  former  place.  It  was 
commenced  by  Jacob  Snyder,  in  the  year  1812.  It  is  called 
after  President  Jackson,  and  contains  one  store  and  about 
twentj^-eight  inhabitants. 

Lennhehville  is  situated  on  the  Warm  Spring  road,  in 
Hamilton  township,  just  south  of  Cashtown,  of  which  it  may 
be  considered  as  a  part.  It  was  started  by  and  named  after 
Henry  Lennher,  who  resides  and  keeps  a  store  there. 

Loudon  (P.  O.)  is  situated  on  the  Chambersburg  and  Bed- 
ford turnpike,  in  Peters  township,  near  the  base  of  the  Cove 
mountain,  fourteen  miles  west  of  Chambersburg.  It  is  a 
very  old  place,  and  was  the  scene  of  many  a  stirring  incident  in 
old  Colonial  times.  It  is  mentioned  in  history  as  "Loudon 
town,"  as  early  as  1756.  In  that  yea.r  "Fort  Loudon"  was 
built  by  the  Colonial  government,  for  the  protection  of  the 
frontier  settlers  against  the  incursions  of  the  Indians.  It  stood 
about  a  mile  south-east  of  the  present  town,  and  was  frequently 
garrisoned  by  British  and  Provincial  troops.  Before  the 
making  of  wagon  roads  over  the  mountains  it  was  a  great 
point  of  departure  for  pack-horse  trains  for  Bedford,  Fort 
Cumberland  and  Pittsburg.  The  present  town  was  laid  out 
by  Johnston  Elliott,  in  the  j^ear  1804.  For  half  a  centmy, 
and  particularly  from  the  completion  of  the  Pittsburg  turn- 
pike, in  the  year  1819,  it  was  a  great  place  for  the  manufacture 
of  wagons,  wagon  gears  and  whips ;  but  after  the  opening  of 
the  Pennsylvania  railroad  to  the  Ohio  its  business  rapidly  fell 
away.  It  now  has  one  hotel,  two  graded  schools  and  three 
churches,  and  a  population  of  three  hundred  and  fifty.  The 
Southern  Pennsylvania  railroad  passes  by  the  town,  and  af- 
fords the  citizens  much  greater  facilities  for  all  purposes  than 
they  formerly  had. 

Mainsville  (formerly  Smoketown)  is  situated  in  South- 
ampton township,  on  the  road  leading  from  Shippensburg  to 
the  old  Southampton  iron  works,  and  about  two  miles  south 
of  the  former  town.     It  was  laid  out   by  Wm.  Mains,   Esq., 


212  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FKAKKLIN    COUNTY. 

iiboiit  ten  years  ago,  and  contains  a  church,  store  and  black- 
smith shop,  and  a  population  of  about  forty  persons. 

Marion  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Guilford  township,  on  the 
^reat  road  from  Chambersburg  to  Greencastle,  six  miles  south 
of  the  former  place.  Settlements  were  made  in  the  neighbor- 
hood as  early  as  1748,  and  a  tavern  was  kept  near  the  south 
end  of  the  town  long  3'cars  ago.  The  village  was  commenced 
about  the  3^ear  1810.  It  was  first  called  Independence;  but 
when  a  post  office  was  established  there,  it  was  called  3Iarion^ 
x\o  doubt  after  General  Francis  Marion,  the  "Swamp  Fox  of 
the  Carolinas,"  so  dreaded  by  the  British  and  Tories  of  the 
South  in  revolutionary  days.  The  first  store  opened  in  the 
place  was  in  the  year  1822,  b}^  Major  Cook.  The  present 
population  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-three. 

Marion  Station  is  situated  in  Guilford  township,  on  the 
Cumberland  Yalley  railroad,  six  miles  south  of  Chambersburg 
and  about  half  mile  east  of  the  town  of  Marion.  A  new  vil- 
lage is  springing  up  there.  A  warehouse  now  owned  and 
■conducted  by  Diehl  &  Co.,  was  built  there  in  the  year  1862, 
since  wdiich  seven  or  eight  new  and  elegant  dwellings  have 
ibeen  put  up,  a  German  lleformed  church  is  also  being  built, 
and  Andrew  A.  Statler,  is  building  a  large  dwelling  and  store 
near  the  station,  on  land  purchased  from  Jacob  Myers,  at  the 
Tate  of  $900  per  acre.  A  sale  of  lots  has  also  recently  been 
liad,  and  a  number  of  dwelling  houses  are  now  under  contract. 
It  is  a  very  desirable  point  for  a  private  residence. 

Mason  and  Dixon  (P.  0.)  is  situated  on  the  Cumberland 
Talle}'  railroad,  in  Antrim  township,  immediately  at  the  State 
line,  where  the  public  road  from  Middleburg  to  Welsh  Pun 
crosses  the  railroad.  There  are  a  warehouse,  a  store  and  sev- 
eral dwellings  at  this  point.     Population  about  thirty  persons. 

JNIercersburg  (P.  0.)  is  situated  on  the  Waynesburg,  Green- 
i-astle  and  Mercersburg  turnpike,  at  the  northern  line  of  Mont- 
gomery township.  Much  the  larger  part  of  the  town  is  in 
Montgomery  township,  and  a  small  part  of  it  is  in  Peters  town- 
ship. It  is  a  very  old  settlement.  Locations  were  made  in  the 
neighborhood  as  early  as  1730,  and  it  is  stated  that  a  man  named 
James  Black,  built  a  mill  at  or  near  where  the  town  now  stands, 
about  the  year  1730.  His  improvement  was  at  first  called 
''•Black's  town."     The  settlers  around  were  nearly  all  Scotch- 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  213 

Irish,  aud  by  the  year  1738  a  Presbyterian  church  was  organ- 
ized under  the  name  of  "The  West  Conococheague  Chnrch.'"" 
Subsequently  William  Smith  bouglit  out  Mr.  Blaclc ;  the  date 
of  that  purchase  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain,  but  it  was 
as  earl}'  as  1750.  The  property  subsequently  passed  in-tothe 
hands  of  William  Smith,  Jr.,  a  son  of  William  Smith,  by  in- 
heritance from  his  father,  and  was  known  during  the  trouble- 
some times  from  1750  to  1764  as  "Squire  Smith's  town,"  the 
proprietor,  William  Smith,  then  being  one  of  the  Justices  of 
the  Peace  for  Cumberland  county.  An  extensive  trade  was 
carried  on  with  the  Indians  and  first  settlers  on  the  western  fron- 
tiers from  this  point  during  those  years.  It  was  nothing  un- 
common to  see  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  pack  horses  there  at 
one  time  loaded  with  merchandise,  salt,  iron  and  other  com- 
modities ready  to  be  transported  over  the  mountains  to  the- 
Monongahela  country.  As  is  usual  in  frontier  settlements,, 
there  were  many  unruly  spirits  to  be  found  about  the  place, 
and  on  more  than  one  occasion  tliey  became  participants  in 
riotous  and  illegal  proceedings  that  led  to  trouble  with  the 
Colonial  authorities,  and  with  the  British  troops  stationed  at 
Fort  Loudon. 

The  town  was  laid  out  in  1780  by  William  Smith,  Jr.,  the 
lots  being  subject  to  an  annual  quit  rent  often  shillings.  lie 
called  it  Mercersburg,  in  honor  of  General  Hugh  Mercer,  of  the 
revolutionary  army,  who  fell  mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Princeton,  January  3,  1777,  and  died  a  few  days  after \vards.. 
General  Mercer  was  an  eminent  physician,  and  resided  for  a 
number  of  j^ears  in  the  neighborhood  of  Davis'  Fort,  south  o.f 
Mercersburg,  near  the  Maryland  line,  where  he  practiced  his- 
profession. 

Having  enjoyed  some  military  training  and  experience  in 
Europe,  and  having  a  taste  for  military  life,  he  was  early  in 
1756  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Provincial  service,  in  which 
he  continued  for  some  years,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel.  0ns 
the  13th  of  July,  1757,  he  was  appointed  and  commissioned 
by  the  Supreme  Executive  Council,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Peace  for  Cumberland  county.  He  was  intimately  acquainted 
with  General  Washington,  who  had  a  high  regard  for  him  and 
upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  revolutionary  war.  Congress  in 
177G,  upon  the  recommendation  of  General  Washington,  who. 


214  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

had  served  with  him  in  Forbes'  campaign  in  1758,  appointed 
Dr.  Mercer  a  brigadier  in  the  army  of  the  United  States. 
Whilst  the  army  was  encamped  near  New  Brunswick,  New 
Jersey,  General  Mercer  had  shown  great  kindness  to  the  father 
of  Mr.  Smith,  or  to  Mr.  William  Smith  himself,  it  is  not  known 
which,  but  in  remberance  of  that  kindness,  Mr.  Smith  named 
his  new  town  Mercersburg. 

The  town  now  contains  seven  churches,  viz  :  one  Presbyte- 
rian, one  United  Presbyterian,  (formerly  Associated  Presby- 
terian,) one  Reformed,  one  Lutheran,  one  Methodist  Episco- 
pal, one  United  Brethren  and  one  Bethel.  Mercersburg  Col- 
lege, under  the  care  of  the  Reformed  church,  is  located  there, 
the  President  of  which  is  Rev.  E.  E.  Higbee,  D.  D.  There  is 
i^ilso  a  Female  Seminary  there,  under  the  cai'e  of  Rev.  Jacob 
Ilassler.  "  The  Farmers'  Bank  of  Mercersburg"  was  estab- 
lished in  1874,  Mr.  George  Steiger  is  its  President,  and  Wil- 
liam M.  Marshall,  Esq.,  its  Cashier.  Fairview  Cemetery  was 
laid  out  in  1866.  The  population  of  the  town  at  the  present 
time  is  about  twelve  hundred. 

MiDDLEBURG  (P.  0.  State  Line)  is  situatcd  in  Antrim  town- 
ship immediately  at  the  Maryland  State  Line,  on  the  great 
road  leading  from  Greencastle  to  Hagerstown,  Maryland.  It 
was  laid  out  b}'-  Jacob  Strickler,  about  the  year  1812,  and  takes 
its  name  from  the  fact  of  its  location  midwaj'  between  the 
towns  named.  The  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  at  present 
lias  two  churches,  one  Reformed  and  one  United  Brethren,  two 
stores  and  a  town  hall  in  it.  The  population  is  about  two 
hundred. 

The  town  was  originally  called  "  Spiglersburg."  A  man 
named  Jack  Wolgamot,  built  the  first  house  in  the  place.  He 
■WAS  a  reckless,  rollicking  fellow,  and  often  had  the  constables 
after  him,  with  a  warrant  for  his  arrest  for  the  non-payment 
of  his  debts,  contracted  in  Maryland  and  in  Pennsylvania. 
For  the  i)urpose  of  escaping  the  officers  of  the  law,  he  built 
his  house,  which  is  still  standing,  across  the  State  line,  as  he 
thought,  one-half  in  Maryland,  and  the  other  half  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, so  that  when  an  officer  came  all  he  had  to  do  to  put  him 
at  defiance  was  to  slip  across  the  line  into  the  other  State, 
take  his  seat  and  laugh  at  the  baffled  officer.  He,  however, 
made  a  mistake  as  to  the  true  location  of  the  State  line,  and 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  215 

built  all  of  the  house  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  except  the 
chimney,  which  is  in  Pennsj'lvania.  But  as  this  error  was  not 
discovered  for  many  years  after  the  house  was  put  up,  his  ruse 
served  his  purposes  on  man^-  an  occasion,  when  he  did  not 
wish  to  have  the  compau}-  of  those  officers  who  had  warrants 
against  him. 

Mont  Alto  (P.  0.)     See  Funkstown. 

Mount  Hope  (P.  O.  name  Five  Forks)  is  a  small  village 
situated  in  Quincy  township,  on  the  road  from  Chambersburg 
to  Waynesboro,  four  miles  north-west  of  the  latter  place. 
There  is  a  store,  grist  mill,  and  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  a  popu- 
lation of  about  eighty  persons  in  the  place. 

Mowersville  (P.  O.)  is  a  small  village  in  Lurgan  township, 
about  three  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Roxbury.  It  was  started 
hy  Joseph  Mowers,  Esq.,  fifteen  or  more  years  ago,  and  con- 
tains a  store,  blacksmith  shop,  carriage  manufactory,  &c.,  with 
a  population  of  about  forty  persons. 

New  Franklin  is  situated  iu  Gruilford  township,  on  the  road 
leading  from  Chambersburg  to  Waynesboro,  four  miles  south- 
east of  the  former  place.  It  was  commenced  by  Balthazar 
Kountz,  in  1'795,  and  John  Himes,  Sr.,  built  the  next  house  in 
1827.    It  now  contains  one  store  and  seventy-seven  inhabitants. 

New  Guilford  is  situated  in  Guilford  township,  three  miles 
east  of  New  Franklin.  It  contains  a  population  of  about  sixty 
persons. 

Orrstown  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Southampton  township,  on 
the  old  State  road  from  Shippensburg  to  Strasburg,  five  miles 
west  of  the  former  place.  Settlements  were  made  in  that 
neighborhood  as  early  as  the  year  1738,  and  for  many  3^ears 
prior  to  the  completion  of  the  Penns3'lvania  railroad,  down 
to  within  a  very  few  years  past,  a  very  large  number  of  horses 
and  cattle  were  annually  passed  along  the  State  road  from  the 
great  west  to  the  markets  of  the  east.  The  town,  which  is 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  countj^,  was  laid  out  in  1833, 
by  John  and  William  Orr.  The}'-  called  it  at  first  Southamp- 
ton, after  the  township  ;  but  in  1835,  when  application  was 
made  for  a  post  office  to  be  called  Southampton,  the  Post 
Office  Department  refused  the  grant  for  the  reason  that  there 
was  already  an  office  of  that  name.  Hon.  George  Chambers, 
who  was  then  in  Congress,  named  the  office  "  Orrstown^''''  and 


216  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

the  name  has  since  attached  to  the  town.  It  was  incorporated 
as  a  borough  in  the  year  184t,  and  now  contains  one  hotel^. 
two  stores,  one  carriage  factory,  and  four  churches,  viz :  one 
Lutheran,  one  Presbyterian,  one  United  Brethren,  and  one 
Winebrennarian.  The  population  is  three  hundred  and  twenty- 
five. 

PiKESviLLE.     See  Rouzersville. 

Pleasant  Hall  is  situated  in  Letterkenny  township,  on  the 
old  State  road,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Strasburg. 
It  was  laid  out  by  Joseph  Burkhart  about  the  year  1840.  It 
contains  one  store,  one  wagon-maker's  shop  and  a  blacksmith 
shop,  and  several  dwellings.  The  population  is  about  thirty 
persons. 

QuiNCY  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Quincy  township,  about  four 
miles  directly  north  of  Waynesboro,  on  the  road  leading  to 
Fayetteville.  Many  of  the  earlier  settlers  in  this  section  of 
our  county  were  Germans,  as  is  shown  by  their  family  names. 
As  it  had  been  the  policy  and  practice  of  the  agents  of  the 
proprietaries,  in  the  early  years  of  the  past  century,  to  send 
the  German  emigrants  into  York  count}',  (which  then  included 
what  is  now  Adams  county,)  it  is  very  likely  that  many  of 
those  Germans  came  over  the  mountains  from  York  county, 
and  settled  down  in  the  eastern  part  of  our  county,  instead  of 
coming  up  through  Lancaster  county  by  way  of  Harris'  Ferry 
(now  Harrisburg,)  as  all  the  other  early  settlers  of  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  did.  They  made  settlements  in  what  is  now 
Quinc}^  township  as  early  as  1V31,  and  many  of  their  descen- 
dants are  to  be  found  there  yet. 

Richmond  (P.  0.,  "Richmond  Furnace")  is  situated  in 
Metal  township,  at  the  termination  of  the  Southern  Penns}^- 
vania  Railroad  and  Iron  Company's  railway,  four  miles  north 
of  Loudon.  The  locality  was  formerly  better  known  as 
''Mount  Pleasant  Furnace,"  the  oldest  furnace  in  the  count}^.. 
The  fui-nace  has  been  re-built  by  the  present  owners,  and  it 
and  the  village  is  now  called  "Richmond,"  after  Richmond  L.- 
Jones, who  was  president  of  the  company  at  the  time  their 
railroad  was  built.  There  is  a  large  warehouse,  a  store,  a 
number  of  dwellings,  and  a  population  of  about  sixty  persons 
in  the  place. 

Rouzersville  (P.  0.)  or  Pikesville  is  a  small  village  in. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  217 

Washington  township,  on  the  turnpike  leading  from  Waynes- 
boro to  Emmittsburg,  Maryland,  three  miles  east  of  Waynes- 
boro. It  contains  a  church  and  store,  and  a  population  of 
about  thirty  persons. 

RoxBURY  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Lurgan  township,  upon  the 
banks  of  the  Conodoguiuet  creek,  at  the  base  of  the  Kitatinny 
mountains.  It  w^as  commenced  by  William  Leephar,  about 
the  3^ear  1778.  He  built  a  grist  mill  about  the  j'ear  1783. 
"Sound-well  Forge''  was  built  at  Roxbury  by  Leephar,  Crot- 
zer  &  Co.,  in  1798,  and  "Roxbury  Furnace"  by  Samuel  Cole, 
in  the  year  1815.  The  Hughes'  ran  these  works  at  one  time, 
and  the  last  persons  who  carried  them  on  were  Messrs.  Flem- 
ing &  Sheffler,  in  1857.  In  the  old  "pack-horse"  times  there 
was  a  considerable  amount  of  business  done  at  Roxbury.  For 
many  j^ears  past,  however,  the  town  has  not  improved  much. 
There  are  two  churches  in  the  place — the  "  IJnion  church," 
built  in  1815,  and  the  "Methodist  Protestant,"  built  in  1873. 
Population  about  two  hundred. 

St.  Thomas  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  St.  Thomas  township,  on 
the  Chambersburg  and  Bedford  turnpike,  eight  miles  west  of 
Chambersburg.  Settlements  were  made  in  the  neighborhood 
of  where  the  town  stands  as  early  as  1737.  Thomas  Camp- 
bell laid  out  the  town  about  the  year  1790,  and  for  many  3'ears 
afterwards  it  was  known  by  the  name  of  "  Campbellstown," 
It  is  onl}',  however,  within  the  past  thirty  or  thirty-five  years 
that  the  toivn  began  to  be  generally  called  "  St.  Thomas." 
Within  the  recollection  of  the  waiter  it  was  frequently  called 
by  its  old  name — "  Campbellstown."  There  are  two  hotels^ 
three  stores  and  two  groceries  in  the  town.  There  are  also 
four  church  edifices,  occupied  by  five  denominations,  viz  :  One 
Reformed,  one  Methodist,  one  Brethren,  and  one  used  by  the 
Presbyterians  and  Lutherans  jointly.  The  population  num- 
bers about  four  hundred. 

Scotland  (P.  0.)  is  situated  on  the  Conococheague  creek,  in 
Greene  township,  about  five  miles  north-east  of  Chambersburg^ 
and  a  short  distance  south  of  Scotland  station,  on  the  Cum- 
berland Yalley  railroad.  It  contains  two  churches,  (one  Cov- 
enanter and  one  United  Brethren,)  three  stores,  a  grist  and 
saw  mill,  a  planing  mill,  and  a  population  of  about  two  hun- 
dred and  twent3''-fiA'e  persons. 


218  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

SiiADY  Grove  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Antrim  township,  on 
the  Waynesbnrg,  Greencastle  and  Mercersburg  turnpike,  two 
miles  east  of  Greencastle.  A  warrant  for  the  land  on  which 
it  stands  was  granted  to  Thomas  Minnock  in  1752.  The  town 
was  started  b}'  Melchi  Snivel}',  Esq.,  in  1848.  There  are  now 
one  store,  twenty-four  dwellings  and  one  hundred  and  twenty 
inhabitants  in  the  place. 

Shimpstown  is  a  small  village  situated  in  Montgomery  town- 
ship, three  miles  south  of  Mercersburg,  on  the  road  to  Clay 
Lick.     Population  about  fifty  persons. 

Smoketown  is  a  small  village  situated  in  Greene  township, 
one  and  a-half  miles  south-east  of  Scotland.  It  contains  a 
population  of  about  seventy-five  persons. 

Snow  Hill,  or  Schneeberg,  is  situated  on  Antietam  creek, 
in  Quincy  township,  one  mile  south  of  Quincy.  Since  the  de- 
cline of  Ephrata,  in  Lancaster  count}^,  it  is  the  principal  insti- 
tution of  the  German  Seventh-da}^  Baptists  of  the  United 
States.  The  society  have  a  farm  of  about  one  hundred  and 
thirty  acres,  with  a  grist  mill  upon  it.  They  have  also  a  large 
brick  building,  for  the  brothers  and  sisters,  two  stories  high 
and  one  hundred  and  twent}^  feet  long.  They  have  also  a 
church  in  which  worship  is  held  weekly,  ever}'^  Saturday. 
Their  annual  religious  meetings  are  held  here.  Their  whole 
property  is  worth  about  twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  There 
are  onl}^  about  eight  male  and  seven  female  members  remain- 
ing upon  the  premises — all  old  people — and  as  there  are  no 
accessions  to  their  numbers,  the  societ}'  must  soon  become 
extinct. 

Spring  Run  (P.  O.)  is  situated  in  Fannett  township,  on  the 
main  road  through  Path  Yalley,  six  miles  north  of  Fannetts- 
burg.  There  are  two  churches,  one  Presbyterian  and  one 
United  Brethren,  two  stores,  one  tannery  and  several  shops, 
and  a  population  of  about  fift}^  persons. 

Springtown  is  a  small  village,  chiefly  of  farm  houses,  situ- 
ated in  Metal  township,  one  mile  north  of  Fannettsburg.  A 
small  fort  or  block-house  stood  here  during  the  troublous  times 
of  1750-1704,  to  which  the  settlers  in  the  neighborhood  fre- 
quentl}^  fled  for  refuge  during  the  incursions  of  the  hostile  In- 
dians.    Population  about  twent}-  persons. 

Stoufperstown  is  situated  in  Guilford  township,  one  and 


IirSTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  219 

one-fourth  miles  east  of  Chambersburg,  on  the  Chanibersburg 
and  Gettysburg  turnpike.  The  oldest  house  in  the  place  was 
built  by  Patrick  Vance,  about  1T73.  Daniel  Stouffer  built  the 
''  Falling  Spring  Mill."  or  "  Stouffer's  Mill,"  about  1T92,  and 
the  village  has  grown  up  around  it  during  the  last  twenty-five 
or  thirty  years.     The  population  is  now  about  two  hundred. 

Strasburg  (P.  O.,  Upper  Strasburg.)  is  situated  in  Let- 
terkenny  township,  on  the  old  State  road  leading  from  Ship- 
pensburg  to  Fannettsburg,  near  the  base  of  the  Kittochtinny 
mountains.  It  was  laid  out  by  Dewalt  Keefer,  in  the  fall  of 
n89,  and  was  called  after  the  city  of  Straslmrg,  in  Germany. 
After  the  completion  of  the  Three  Mountain  road  it  became 
quite  a  business  place,  and  so  long  as  transportation  was  done 
by  the  old-fashioned  "  Conestoga  wagon,"  and  horses  and  cattle 
were  brought  from  the  west  to  the  east  in  droves,  Strasburg, 
because  of  the  absence  of  all  tolls  on  the  road,  and  because 
an  abundant  supply  of  feed  was  to  be  had  at  low  rates,  was 
able  to  hold  its  own,  but  all  improvement  was  at  an  end.  It 
has  three  churches — one  used  by  the  Lutheran  and  Pveformed 
congregations,  one  Methodist  and  one  United  Brethren,  in 
which  the  Presbyterians  worship  at  stated  times.  It  has  also 
one  hotel,  one  steam  tanner}-,  one  saw  mill,  two  stores,  two 
blacksmith,  two  shoemaker,  two  cabinetmaker,  one  tailor  and 
one  saddler  shops,  and  two  hundred  and  ninety-three  inhabit- 
ants. 

ToMSTOWN  is  situated  in  Quincy  township,  at  the  base  of  the 
South  mountain,  one  mile  south-east  of  Quincy.  It  was 
started  by  a  man  named  John  Toms,  sixty  years  ago  or  more. 
It  contains  one  store,  and  twenty-five  or  thirty  houses.  Popu- 
lation about  two  hundred. 

Upton  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Peters  township,  on  the  Green- 
castle  and  Mercersburg  turnpike,  four  miles  west  of  the  for- 
mer place.  The  first  improvement  was  made  by  Alexander 
White,  where  the  hotel  is  now  kept,  in  the  year  1812.  The 
town  was  commenced  by  George  Cook,  in  the  vear  1840,  but 
the  greater  poi'tion  of  it  has  been  built  since  1860.  The  post 
office  was  established  in  1836,  and  the  name  '-Jacksonville" 
was  selected  for  it,  but  disapproved  by  the  Post  Office  De- 
partment, as  there  was  already  an  office  of  the  same  name. 
At  the  susrgestion  of  Miss  Elizabeth  Watson,  of  Greencastle, 


220  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

the  name  of  "Upton''  was  taken  for  the  oflice,  which  has  also 
attached  to  the  village.  There  are  one  store  and  hotel  and 
several  shops  in  the  place.  Population  about  one  hundred 
and  eighty. 

Waterloo  is  a  small  village  situated  in  Washington  town- 
ship, near  the  turnpike  leading  from  Waynesboro  to  Emmitts- 
burg,  Maryland.  It  is  a  short  distance  south  of  Pikesville,  or 
Rouzersville,  of  which  it  may  be  considered  as  forming  a  part. 

Waynesboro  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Washington  township, 
on  the  line  of  the  turnpike  road  from  M'Connellsburg  to  Bal- 
timore. It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  flourishing  towns 
in  our  county.  The  land  upon  which  the  town  stands  Avas 
taken  up  by  John  Wallace,  Sr.,  in  1149.  A  settlement  gradu- 
ally grew  np,  in  after  years,  at  the  point  where  the  town  now 
stands,  and  was  called  "Wallacetown."  In  the  year  1797, 
John  Wallace,  Jr.,  formally  laid  out  the  present  town,  and 
called  it  "Waynesburg,"  in  honor  of  General  Anthony  Wayne — 
"Mad  Anthou}-" —  of  the  revolutionary  army.  The  price  of 
lots  on  "Main  street"  was  fixed  at  five  pounds  specie,  and  on 
the  cross  streets  at  six  pounds,  with  an  annual  quit  rent  of 
one  dollar  on  each  of  them.  The  land  around  Waynesboro  is 
among  the  most  fertile  and  A^aluable  in  our  valley.  On  the 
21st  December,  1818,  the  town  was  incorporated  into  a  bor- 
ough, by  the  name  of  "Waynesboro."  There  are  two  hotels, 
two  drug  stores,  four  dry  goods  stores,  four  hardware  stores, 
and  eight  churches  in  the  town,  viz  :  the  Trinity  Reformed,  St. 
Paul's  Reformed,  Lutheran,  Methodist  Episcopal,  Presbyte- 
rian, German  Baptist  or  Dunker,  Reformed  Mennonite  and 
Catholic.  There  are  also  a  town  hall,  a  Grangers'  hall  and  an 
Odd  Fellows'  hall,  and  three  large  manufacturing  establish- 
ments in  the  place,  viz  :  "The  Geiser  Manufacturing  Company," 
makers  of  grain  threshers,  reapers,  mowers,  &c. ;  "Frick  &  Co.," 
steam  engine  and  boiler  works,  and  "George  F.  Lidy  &  Co.," 
lumber  manufacturers.  John  Bell  has  also  for  years  carried 
on  a  large  pottery  at  this  point.  The  population  of  the  town 
is  about  fifteen  hundred. 

Welsh  Run  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  Montgomery  township, 
on  the  road  leading  from  Mercersburg  to  Hagerstown,  Mary- 
land, six  miles  from  the  former  place.  David  Davis,  an  emi- 
grant from  Wales,  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  along  the 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OP    FKANKLIX    COUNTY.  221 

stream  near  hy^  between  the  j-ears  iToG  and  1740,  and  being 
joined  by  a  number  of  others  from  his  native  Lmd,  the  settle- 
ment received  the  name  of  "Welsh  Run,"  The  village  now 
contains  one  store,  one  tannery,  one  blacksmith  shop,  one 
wagon-maker  shop,  one  pliysician's  office  and  one  hundred  and 
fifty  inhabitants.  "Kennedj^  Academj^,"  (Rev.  J.  H.  Fleming, 
principal,)  is  situated  here,  as  is  also  the  ''Robert  Kenned}' 
Memorial  Presbyterian  church." 

Williamson  (P.  0.)  is  situated  in  St.  Thomas  township,  on 
the  line  of  the  Southern  Pennsylvania  railroad,  five  miles  south- 
vrest  of  Marion.  It  was  commenced  about  the  year  1870,  by 
Samuel  Z.  Ilawbaker,  who  then  owned  the  land  around,  and 
who  built  the  principal  buildings  in  the  place  There  is  a  store, 
a  grist  and  saw  mill,  and  about  fifty  inhabitants  in  the  place. 

Willow  Grove  is  situated  in  Guilford  township,  on  the 
iSpring  road,  about  three  miles  south-east  of  Chambersburg. 
It  was  started  b}^  John  Stoutfer  about  the  3-ear  1850  and  con- 
tains one  grist  mill,  one  straw  paper  mill,  and  about  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  inhabitants. 

LIEUTENANTS    AND    SUB-LIEUTENANTS  OF  MILITIA. 

In  the  olden  time,  as  appears  by  the  Colonial  Records  and 
Pennsylvania  Archives,  there  existed  an  officer  called  the 
"Countjr  Lieutenant,"  who  figured  prominently  in  all  the  mili- 
tary aftairs  of  the  State.  He  was  appointed  by  the  Supreme 
Executive  Council,  and  held  his  office  at  the  pleasure  of  that 
body.  The  office  was  somewhat  like  that  of  a  Brigade  In- 
spector, but  the  powers  of  the  incumbent  were  greatly  larger 
than  those  of  this  latter  named  officer,  and  his  duties  much 
more  diversified.  By  the  act  of  17th  March,  1111,  (now  obso- 
lete,) it  was  provided  that  "the  President  in  Council,  or  in  his 
absence  the  Vice  President,  should  appoint  and  commission 
one  reputable  freeholder  in  the  city  of  Philadelpliia,  and  one 
in  eacli  county,  to  serve  as  lieutenants  of  the  militia  ;  and  also 
any  numlier  of  persons,  not  exceeding  two  for  said  cit}',  and 
in  tlie  several  counties  any  number  not  exceeding  the  number 
of  battalions,  to  serve  as  .s-;/6-lieutenants.  who  were  severally 
to  have  such  rank  as  the  President  or  Tice  President  might 
confer  upon  them.     In  the  absence  of  the  County  Lieutenant 


222  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY, 

any  two  of  the  suL-lioutcnants  had  power  to  perfoim  all  his 
duties." 

By  the  act  of  the  20th  of  March,  1780,  now  also  obsolete 
they  were  each  required  to  give  bond  with  good  securities,  in 
the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  pounds.  They  were  to  divide 
the  several  counties  into  militia  districts,  to  contain  not  less 
than  four  hundred  and  forty,  nor  more  than  one  thousand 
militia-men  ;  cause  the  said  militia  to  be  enrolled  ;  divide  each 
district  into  eight  parts,  or  companies  ;  fix  the  time  for  hold- 
ing elections  for  officers — one  captain,  one  lieutenant  and  one 
ensign,  for  each  company,  and  one  lieutenant  colonel  and  one 
major  for  each  battalion  of  eight  companies.  They  were  re- 
quired to  collect  the  militia  fines,  through  the  sub-lieutenants, 
who  were  to  settle  every  three  months,  whilst  the  lieutenants 
were  required  to  settle  every  six  months,  or  forfeit  the  sum 
of  ten  thousand  pounds.  The  fine  of  an  officer  for  non-at- 
tendance at  company  exercise  was  the  price  of  three  days' 
labor,  and  the  fine  of  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates 
for  such  absence  was  the  price  of  one  and  a-half  days'  labor. 
At  battalion  trainings  the  fine  of  a  field  officer  for  non-attend- 
ance was  the  price  of  eight  days'  labor,  and  other  commisson- 
ed  officers  four  days'  labor,  and  privates  two  days'  labor.  All 
fines  were  collected  under  Avarrants  from  the  County  Lieuten- 
ant by  sale  of  all  the  goods  of  tJie  delinquent,  or  hy  imprison- 
ment in  jail  for  ten  daj's  for  each  fine. 

The  county  lieutenants  bought  the  arms  for  the  militia — 
had  them  marked  with  the  name  of  the  county,  battalion  and 
company,  and  appraised  all  private  arms  and  horses  that  went 
into  service — paid  for  those  arms  that  were  lost  or  horses  that 
were  killed.  When  the  militia  were  called  out  into  service 
they  gave  them  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  assembling, 
held  and  heard  appeals,  and  granted  relief,  forwarded  the 
troops  called  out  to  their  points  of  destination,  providing  in 
the  meanwhile  for  their  support. 

'V\\c  county  lieutenants  were  the  representatives  of  tlie  State 
government  in  military  matters  in  the  several  counties,  and 
had  very  arduous  and  important  duties  to  perform  in  the 
troublous  times  of  the  revolution.  To  them  the  Supreme  Ex- 
ecutive Council. issued  their  orders  direct,  and  they  enforced 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  223 

them  through  their  subordinates — the  sub-lieuteuauts — one  of 
whom  was  attached  to  eacli  battalion. 

The  pay  of  the  county  lieutenants  was  the  value  of  one  and 
a  half  bushels  of  wheat  per  day,  and  the  pay  of  the  sub- 
lieutenants, the  value  of  one  and  a  quarter  bushels  of  wheat 
per  day,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  militia  fines  collected.  On  the 
7th  of  April,  1785,  Colonel  Abraham  Smith,  of  Antrim  town- 
ship, was  appointed  lieutenant  of  our  count}',  and  served  until 
after  his  election  as  councillor,  when  he  resigned  on  the  28th 
November,  1787.  On  the  1st  December,  1787,  Major  Jeremiah 
Talbott  was  appointed  lieutenant  for  this  county,  and  served 
until  the  abolition  of  the  office  under  the  constitution  of  1789- 
90. 

FAST    FREIGHT    LINE?. 

Before  the  opening  of  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  to  Pitts- 
burg, all  freight  passing  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg  during 
the  time  the  canal  was  closed  in  the  winter,  was  transported 
in  wagons,  consuming  usuall}'  about  •  eighteen  days  to  a  trip. 
The  old  wagoner  was  a  very  independent  personage.  He  took 
things  leisurel}' ;  would  only  drive  a  certain  number  of  miles 
per  day,  and  always  made  it  a  point  to  stop  over  night  at  some 
"Wagon  Tavern,"  where  he  would  be  sure  to  meet  a  number 
of  his  "fellow  craftsmen" — choice  spirits,  when  he  and  they 
would  have  a  jolly  night  of  it  drinking  "Old  Monongahela," 
smoking  their  pipes,  dancing,  and  recounting  their  past  adven- 
tures on  the  road.  These  old  wagoners  and  their  teams  were 
a  necessity  to  the  business  public  of  that  day,  but  their  slow- 
ness was  very  provoking  to  the  people  expecting  goods  by 
them,  and  shippers  cast  about  for  some  means  to  avoid  this 
objection. 

Aocordingh^,  about  the  3'ear  1846,  Mr.  A.  D.  Caufman,  of 
the  firm  of  Oaks  &  Caufman,  forwarding  and  commission  men 
of  Chambersburg,  conceived  the  idea  of  establishing  a  fast 
freight  line  to  carry  goods  between  Philadelphia  and  Pitts- 
burg. Oaks  &  Caufman  furnished  the  cars,  and  agreed  to 
carry  the  goods  between  Philadelphia  and  Chambersburg,  and 
certain  parties  living  along  the  turnpike  between  Chambers- 
burg and  Pittsburg  furnished  the  wagons  and  horses.  Thus 
the  "Dispatch  Fast  Freight  line"  was  established,  the  first  of 


224  IIISTOIUCAL    SKETCU    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

the  kind  ever  known  here.  They  contracted  to  deliver  goods 
in  five  days  between  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburg,  the  time  by 
the  old  wagons  being  about  ten  to  fifteen  daj^s.  The  company 
had  fourteen  wagon  stations  on  the  road  between  Chambers- 
burg  and  Pittsburg,  fourteen  miles  apart,  where  the  horses 
were  changed.  Each  wagon  had  six  horses  to  it,  and  ran  night 
and  day,  carrying  a  load  of  0,500  pounds.  Three  extra  wagons 
and  teams  were  kept  stationed  along  the  road  to  be  on  hand 
in  case  of  an  accident.  So  well  was  the  line  conducted  that 
it  never  once  missed  making  a  connection ;  and  so  profitable 
and  necessar}'  did  it  prove  itself  to  be,  that  within  a  month  or 
two  after  the  starting  of  the  "  Dispatch  Line,"  two  other  lines 
were  placed  upon  the  road.  Upon  the  completion  of  the 
I'ennsylvania  railroad,  the  enterprise  was  abandoned, 

JOHN    brown's    raid    INTO    VIRGINIA. 

The  year  1859  has  become  celebrated  in  the  annals  of  our 
country,  because  of  the  anti-slaveiy  raid  then  made  by  John 
Brown  and  his  followers  into  the  ancient  Commonwealth  of 
Virginia  against  human  slavery.  The  exciting,  and  oft-times 
bloody,  struggles  which  took  place  in  Kansas,  between  the  ad- 
vocates of  slavery,  and  the  free-state  men  of  the  nation,  whilst 
that  region  of  country  was  being  settled  up,  have  become 
historical.  John  Brown  was  amongst  the  most  active  and 
ardent  of  the  free-state  men  of  Kansas,  and  owes  his  cog- 
nomen of  "Ossawatomie  Brown,"  to  his  participation  in  one  of 
the  fearful  fights  that  took  place  there.  So  utterl}^  hostile 
was  he  to  every  thing  that  in  any  way  gave  sanction  to  human 
slavery,  that  he  became  disgusted  even  with  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  month  of  May,  1858,  was  one 
of  a  band  of  about  fifty  ultra  anti-slavery  men  who  assembled 
at  Chatham,  Canada  West,  and  made  a  constitution  of  forty- 
eight  articles,  and  a  schedule  "for  the  proscribed  and  oppressed 
people  of  the  United  States."  That  convention,  on  the  8th 
day  of  May,  1858,  unanimously  elected  John  Brown  com- 
mander-in-chief of  all  the  forces  that  might  be  called  into  the 
field  under  their  constitution.  At  the  same  time  J.  H.  Kagi 
was  elected  Secretary  of  War  ;  Richard  Realf,  Secretary  of 
State  ;  George    B.    Gill,    Secretar}'  of  the    Treasurj'  ;  Owen 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  225 

Brown,    Treasurer  ;  and  Alfred   M.    Ellsworth  and    Osborne 
Anderson  members  of  Congress. 

From  that  time  forwai'd  the  energies  of  John  Brown  were 
devoted  to  the  making  of  preparations  for  the  destruction  of 
slavery.  Money  was  collected  and  men  were  enlisted,  both  in 
the  east  and  the  west.  John  Brown  and  two  of  his  sons, 
Tinder  the  name  of  Smith,  visited  Virginia  at  various  times 
between  May,  1858,  and  June  or  July,  1859,  and  Harper's 
Ferry  was  finally  selected  as  the  point  for  commencing  opera- 
tions. The  money  collected  by  Brown  was  devoted  to  the  pur- 
chase of  arms  and  munitions  of  war,  and  the  payment  of  the 
travelling  expenses  of  those  "choice  spirits"  whom  he  had 
persuaded  to  join  him  in  his  enterprise,  who  were  instructed 
to  come  to  Chambersburg  in  twos  and  threes,  and  there  quietly 
take  boarding,  so  as  not  to  attract  attention  to  their  move- 
ments. Of  course  all  this  was  done  silently  and  secretl}^,  no 
person  but  Brown  and  his  followers  knowing  who  they  were, 
where  they  came  from,  nor  what  was  their  purpose  in  coming 
to  Chambersburg. 

I.  Smith,  alias  John  Brown,,  was  first  seen  at  Chambersburg 
about  June  or  Jvily,  1859.  He  was  accompanied  by  one  or 
two  of  his  sons,  Tiiey  got  boaixiing  for  awhile  at  one  of  our 
hotels,  and  afterwards  in  a  private  family  in  one  of  the  back 
streets  of  the  town,  and  professed  to  be  engaged  in  prospecting 
for  minerals  in  the  mountains  of  Maryland  and  Virginia, 
skirting  the  Potomac  river.  Their  absences  were  frequent — 
sometimes  shorter,  sometimes  longer — and  they  never  spoke 
of  where  they  had  been  nor  what  they  had  been  doing.  In  a 
short  time,  about  July  or  August,  1859,  a  number  of  boxes 
were  forwarded  here  tliroughthe  commission  house  of  Messrs. 
Oaks  &  Caufman,  consigned  to  /.  Smith  &  Sons.  These  boxes 
were  most  carefully  secured,  so  that  their  contents  could  not 
be  seen,  being  in  many  cases  double  boxes.  They  were  repre- 
sented by  the  Smiths  to  contain  picks  and  mattocks,  and 
other  tools  for  mining,  and  they  were  hauled  away  from  the 
warehouse  by  persons  employed  by  Smith,  who  were  resident 
in  sections  of  our  county  remote  from  Chambersburg.  Smith 
(or  Brown)  himself  came  several  times  with  a  two-horse  wagon 
and  took  away  part  of  the  goods  consigned  to  him,  and  the 
purchases  made  here  by  him. 
15 


226  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

There  was  nothing  whatever  in  the  conduct  of  Smith,  nor 
of  any  of  those  who  were  with  him  here,  nor,  indeed,  in  the 
character  of  the  freight  he  was  receiving,  to  induce  Messrs, 
Oaks  &  Caufman,  or  any  of  their  employees,  to  think  that  he 
and  those  with  him  were  not  what  they  professed  to  be,  nor 
that  their  consignments  were  not  what  they  said  they  were. 

It  is  now  known  that  those  boxes  contained  Sharpe's  rifles 
and  pistols,  carbines,  swords  and  pike  heads,  and  ammunition 
suited  to  the  fire-arms  named  ;  but  then  all  these  things  were 
most  carefully  concealed  from  the  most  prying  and  inquisitive 
eyes. 

The  people  of  Chambersburg  were  greatly  censured  because 
they  did  not  find  out  what  these  boxes  really  did  contain, 
whilst  they  were  passing  through  the  warehouses  here,  and 
because  they  did  not  discover  the  objects  and  purposes  of 
Brown  in  time  to  have  prevented  his  useless  and  murderous' 
raid.  But  Brown  told  no  one  here  what  he  had  in  view,  and 
his  consignments  came  as  any  other  consignments  did,  and 
were  delivered  to  him  by  the  carriers  without  a  suspicion  in 
regard  to  them.  Besides,  Brown,  whilst  here,  openly  pur- 
chased mattocks  and  picks,  and  other  articles  such  as  he  said 
were  in  his  boxes,  and  such  as  he  would  have  had  need  for  had 
his  business  really  been  such  as  he  stated  it  to  be.  His  ever}'- 
act  served  to  prevent  suspicion,  and  to  make  those  dealing 
with  him  believe  that  he  was  onl_y  what  he  professed  to  be  ; 
and  when  his  mad  elfort  had  failed,  and  the  truth  became, 
known  as  to  ivho  he  was  and  ichat  his  purposes  had  been,  none 
were  more  surprised  than  were  the  people  of  Chambersburg. 
Shortly  after  Brown  appeared  in  the  vicinity  of  Harper's 
Ferry,  under  his  assumed  name  of  I.  Smith,  he  rented  a  small 
farm  in  Maryland,  a  few  miles  from  the  ferry.  There  he  took 
the  goods  he  received  at  Chambersburg,  thus  gradually  col- 
lecting a  considerable  quantity  of  arms  and  ammunition,  and 
a  body  of  twenty-two  men,  of  whom  seventeen  were  white  and 
five  colored.  The  resolute  and  daring  character  of  Brown 
was  well  calculated  to  make  him  a  leader  in  such  an  enter- 
prise, and  to  inspire  confidence  in  his  followers. 

His  first  eff"ort  was  made  Sunday  evening,  October  IGth, 
1859.  Befoi'e  leaving  his  mountain  retreat  to  commence  ope- 
rations, he  made  an  address  to  his  followers,  concluding  thus  : 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  227 

"And  now,  gentlemen,  let  me  press  one  thing  on  your  minds. 
You  all  know  how  dear  life  is  to  you,  and  how  dear  3'our  lives 
are  to  your  friends  ;  and  in  remembering  that,  consider  that 
the  lives  of  others  are  as  dear  to  them  as  you,rs  are  to  you. 
Do  not,  therefore,  take  the  life  of  any  one  if  j-ou  can  possibly 
avoid  it ;  but  if  it  is  necessary  to  take  life  in  order  to  save 
your  own,  then  make  sure  work  of  it." 

To  all  of  those  taken  prisoner  by  Brown,  and  who  inquired 
as  to  the  object  of  the  proceedings,  his  answer  was,  "To/ree 
the  slaves,''^  and  to  the  question,  by  what  authority  he  was 
acting,  the  repl}^  was  made,  "/>^  the  authority  of  God  Al- 
Tfiifjh.tyy 

The  result  of  Brown's  mad  undertaking  is  well  known. 
Within  fortj'-eight  hours  of  its  commencement,  it  was  crushed 
into  nothingness  by  the  troops  of  the  general  government, 
under  Colonel  Robert  E.  Lee,  and  those  of  the  State  of  Vir- 
ginia, under  Colonels  Baylor,  Shutt,  and  others.  Of  Brown's 
whole  band  of  twenty-two  men,  ten  whites  and  three  negroes 
were  killed — three  whites,  two  of  whom  were  severely  wounded, 
and  two  negroes,  were  taken  prisoners,  and  four  escaped,  two 
of  whom,  J.  E.  Cook,  and  Albert  Hazlett,  were  subsequently 
captured.  John  E.  Cook,  who  with  two  or  three  others  had 
attempted  to  escape  north,  along  the  South  mountain,  was 
captured  in  Quincy  township,  in  our  county,  and  was  confined 
in  jail  here  for  some  time  before  his  surrender  to  the  authorities 
of  Virginia,  In  his  pocket  book  was  found  a  commission  in 
the  following  form  : 

No.  4.  Headquarters  War  Department,  No.  4. 

Near  Harper's  Ferry,  Maryland. 

Whereas,  John  E.  Cook  has  been  nominated  a  captain  in 
the  array  established  under  the  Provisional  Government. 
Now^  Therefore^  in  pursuance  of  the  authority  vested  in  us, 
we  do  hereb}^  appoint  and  commission  said  John  E.  Cook, 
captain. 
Given  at  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  this  day,  October 

15,  1859. 
H.  Kagi,  John  Brown, 

Secretary  of  War.  Commander-in-Chief. 

Brown  was  convicted  November  2d,  1859,  and  sentenced  to 
be  hung  December  2d,  1859;  Cook  was  convicted  November 


228  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

lOtli,  1859,  and  sentenced  to  he  hung  December  16th,  1859, 
along  with  Edwin  Coppee,  wiiite,  and  Shields  Green,  and  John 
Copeland,  colored.  Hazlett  was  captured  at  Carlisle  and  sur- 
rendered to  the  Virginia  authorities,  and  suhsequentl}^  tried, 
convicted  and  hung.  The  other  executions  took  place  at  the 
times  api)ointed.  AVhcn  the  Union  armies  captured  Richmond 
they  released  from  the  penitentiary  there,  a  colored  man 
named  Jerry  Myers,  who  had  been  tried  and  convicted  as  an 
accomplice  of  Brown's,  and  sentenced  to  imprisonment  for 
life.  He  denied  that  he  had  ever  aught  to  do  with  Brown's 
movements.  After  his  liberation  he  came  to  Chambersburg, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death,  several  years  ago. 

Looking  back  at  tlie  undertaking  of  John  Brown,  and  all  its 
surroundings  and  attendant  circumstances,  one  cannot  fail  to 
be  impressed  with  the  belief  that  he  was  not  in  his  right  mind. 
No  sane  man  would  have  attempted  what  he  did  with  slich  in- 
adequate preparations  as  he  had  made.  Neither  he,  nor  those 
actino-  with  him,  could  have  reasonably  hoped  for  success  had 
they  for  a  moment  seriously  considered  the  power  of  the  State 
upon  which  they  made  their  raid. 

John  Browli,  upon  being  asked  why  sentence  should  not  be 
passed  upon  him,  j^aid  :  ''I  deny  everything  but  what  I  have  all 
along  admitted,  the  design  on  my  part  to  free  the  slaves.  That 
was  all  I  intended.  I  never  did  intend  murder,  or  treason,  or 
the  destruction  of  property,  or  to  excite  or  incite  slaves  to  re- 
bellion, or  to  make  insurrection.  This  court  acknowledges, 
as  I  suppose,  the  validity  of  the  Law  of  God.  I  see  a  book 
Mssed  here  wdiich  I  suppose  to  be  the  Bible,  or,  at  least,  the 
New  Testament.  That  teaches  me  that  'all  things  whatsoever 
1  would  that  men  should  do  unto  me,  I  should  do  even  so  to 
them.'  It  teaches  me  further,  to  'remember  them  that  are  in 
bonds  as  bound  with  them.'  I  endeavored  to  act  up  to  that 
instruction.  1  am  yet  too  young  to  understand  that  God  is 
any  respecter  of  persons.  I  believe  that  to  interfere,  as  I  have 
done  w^as  not  wrong,  but  right.  Novv,  if  it  is  deemed  neces- 
sary that  I  should  forfeit  my  life  for  the  furtherance  of  the 
ends  of  justice,  and  mingle  my  blood  further  with  the  blood 
of  my  children,  and  with  the  blood  of  millions  in  this  slave 
country,  whose  rights  are  disregarded  by  wicked,  cruel  and 
unjust  enactments,  I  submit ;  so  let  it  be  done." 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  229 

Of  John  Brown's  braveiy,  no  testimony  could  be  more  em- 
phatic than  that  of  liis  opponents.  Governor  Wise,  who  saw 
him  after  his  conviction,  said  :  ''Tiiey  are  mistaken  who  tal^e 
him  to  be  a  madman.  He  is  a  bundle  of  the  best  nei'ves  I  evei- 
saw,  cut,  and  thrust,  and  bleeding,  and  in  bonds.  He  is  a  man 
of  clear  head,  of  courage  and  fortitude,  and  simple  ingenious- 
ness.  He  is  cool,  collected  and  indomitable,  and  inspired  me 
with  great  trust  in  his  integrity  as  a  man  of  truth.  He  is  as 
brave  and  resolute  a  man  as  ever  headed  an  insurrection.  He 
has  coolness,  daring,  persistency,  stoic  faith  and  patience,  and 
a  firmness  of  will  and  purpose  unconquerable.  He  is  the 
farthest  possible  remove  from  the  ordinary  ruffian,  fanatic  or 
madman."  Colonel  Washington,  also,  said  that  "Brown  was 
the  coolest  man  he  ever  saw  in  def^-ing  death  and  danger. 
With  one  son  dead  by  his  side,  and  another  shot  through,  he 
felt  the  pulse  of  his  dying  son  with  one  hand,  held  his  rifle 
with  the  other,  and  commanded  his  men  with  the  utmost  com- 
posure, encouraging  them  to  l)e  firm,  and  to  sell  their  lives  as 
dearly  as  possible." 

I  have  referred  to  this  chapter  in  the  history  of  our  country, 
because  in  our  county  town  of  Chambersburg,  unknown  to  our 
people,  this  great  opponent  of  human  slavery  had  established 
his  base  for  the  receipt  of  supplies  for  his  undertaking ;  here 
he  lived  for  several  months ;  here  his  followers  secretly  and 
silently  assembled  ;  here  the  office  of  his  war  department  was 
established,  and  from  hence  went  out  his  orders  north, 
south,  east  and  west,  and  from  hence  his  chosen  band  of 
little  over  a  score  went  off"  upon  that  desperate,  dare-devil 
enterprise,  in  which  nearly  all  of  them  rendered  up  their  lives 
to  the  furtherance  of  the  cause  they  had  so  blindly  espoused. 
Unaided  b}-^  any  others  than  those  leagued  with  them,  without 
the  countenance  of  those  surrounding  them,  and  with  no  hope 
of  assistance  from  the  anti-slavery  element  of  the  country.like 
the  gallant  six  hundred  at  Balaklava,  they 

"Rushed  into  tlie  jaws  of  death" — 
and  went  down  into  bloody  graves,  martyrs  to  a  desperate  and 
hopeless  undertaking. 

CONSTITUTIONAL    CONVENTIONS. 

We  have  had  four  Constitutional  Conventions  in  Pennsyl- 
vania during  the  past  one  hundred  years. 


230  HISTROICAL    SKETCH  OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

The  delegates  to  the  first  Convention  were  elected  July  8th, 
1176,  in  pursuance  of  a  resolve  of  the  Provincial  Conference 
of  Pennsylvania,  which  met  at  Carpenter's  Hall,  Philadelphia, 
June  18,  1776. 

Among  the  members  of  that  Confer-ence  from  Cumberland 
county,  were  James  M'Lene,  Colonel  John  Allison,  John  M'- 
Cla^',  Dr.  John  Calhoun  and  John  Creigh,  all  of  whom,  I  be- 
lieve, were  from  the  region  of  country  now  in  our  county. 

The  Constitutional  Convention  met  at  Philadelphia,  July  15, 
1776,  and  passed  and  adopted  a  constitution,  which  was  signed 
September  28,  1776.  There  were  eiglit  delegates  from  Cum- 
berland count}^,  only  one  of  Avhom,  James  M'Lene,  Esq.,  was, 
I  believe,  from  our  county. 

The  second  Constitutional  Convention  convened  in  Pliila- 
delphia,  November  24,  1789,  and  framed  a  new  constitution, 
which  was  subsequently  adopted  by  the  people  of  the  State. 
The  members  from  Franklin  county  were  James  M'Lene  and 
George  Matthews. 

The  third  Constitutional  Convention  met  at  Harrisburg, 
May  2,  1837.  After  several  adjournments  they  reassembled  at 
Philadelphia,  November  28,  1837,  and  adjourned  finall}^  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1838.  The  constitution,  as  amended,  was  adopted 
by  the  people  at  October  election,  1838,  by  one  thousand  two 
hundred  and  thirteen  mnjorit}'. 

This  convention  was  composed  of  senatorial  and  represen- 
tative delegates.  The  senatorial  district  composed  of  Frank- 
lin, Cumberland  and  Adams  counties  was  represented  by  James 
Dunlo}),  of  Franklin  county,  and  Levi  Merkle,  of  Cumberland 
county. 

The  representative  delegates  from  Franklin  county  were 
George  Ciiambers,  of  Chambersburg,  and  Joseph  Snivel}^,  of 
Antrim. 

The  fourth  and  last  Constitutional  Convention  met  in  the 
hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  at  Harrisburg,  Novem- 
ber 12th,  1872,  and  on  the  27th  of  the  same  month  adjourned 
to  meet  in  Philadelphia  on  the  7th  of  January',  1873.  This 
convention  was  composed  of  one  hundred  and  tliirty-three  dele- 
gates— twenty-eight  from  the  State  at  large,  and  one  hundred 
and  five  from  the  senatorial  districts. 

The  Nineteenth  senatorial  district,  composed  of  the  counties 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  231 

of  CumberLand  and  Franklin,  Avas  represented  by  Samuel  M. 
Wherry,  of  Cumberland,  and  J.  M'Dowell  Sharps  and  John 
Stewart,  of  Franklin. 

The  new  constitution  was  submitted  to  the  voters  of  the 
Commonwealth  at  a  special  election  held  IGth  December,  1873, 
and  was  adopted  by  a  majority  of  one  hundred  and  forty-four 
thousand  three  hundred  and  sixt^^two  votes. 

CONGRESSMEN. 

Under  the  constitution  of  1116,  delegates  to  the  Congress 
•of  the  United  States  were  appointed  by  the  General  Assembly 
■of  the  State,  to  serve  for  one  j^ear,  and  were  liable  to  be  super- 
seded at  any  time.  One  of  our  citizens  was  twice  appointed, 
viz  : 

James  M'Lene,  3d  March,  1719,  to  13th  November,  1119,  to 
fill  a  vacanc}^ 

James  M'Lene,  13th  November,  1119,  to  13th  November, 
1180. 

Under  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  which  went 
into  force  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  March,  1189,  members  of 
Congress  were  required  to  be  elected  by  the  people.  They 
were  thereafter  elected  by  a  general  ticket  throughout  the 
State.  At  the  first  election,  held  in  October,  1189,  there  were 
eight  members  of  Congress  elected,  the  highest  vote  for  the 
successful  candidates  being  that  of  Frederick  Augustus  Muh- 
lenberg, of  Montgomery  county — eight  thousand  seven  hun- 
di'ed  and  seven  votes  ;  and  the  highest  vote  for  the  unsuccess- 
ful ticket  lieing  seven  thousand  and  sixtj'-seven,  for  John  Alli- 
son, of  Franklin  county. 

I  am  not  suflieientlj^  well  acquainted  with  the  residences  of 
the  members  of  Congress  elected  between  1189  and  1802  to 
determine  which  ones,  if  any  of  them,  were  from  our  count}'. 

On  the  2d  of  April,  1802,  an  act  was  passed  dividing  our 
State  into  eleven  congressional  districts.  By  that  act  the 
counties  of  Franklin  and  Bedford  Avere  made  a  district,  to  elect 
one  member.  Tlie  following  persons  Avere  elected,  and  served 
for  the  following  years,  A'iz  : 

1803-1805,  John  Rea,  of  Franklin,   -        -     Tlllth  Congress. 
1805-1801,  "      ■  "  -        -     IXth  " 


232  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

1807-1809,  John  Ilea,  of  Franklin,   -         -     Xth        Congress. 
1809-1811,  "  "  -         -     Xlth  " 

1811-1813,  William  Tiper,  of  Bedford,      -     Xllth  " 

ACT    OF    20tH    march,    1812 5tU    DISTRICT CUMBERLAND, 

FRANKLIN    AND    ADAMS,    TWO    MEMBERS. 

1813-1815,  Roliert  Whitehill,  Cumberland  ;  Dr.  William  Craw- 
ford, Adams ;  John  Rea,  Franklin  ;*  Xlllth  Con- 
gress. 

1815-1817,  William  Maclay,  Franklin  ;  Andrew  Boden,  Cum- 
berland ;  XIYtli  Congress. 

1817-1819,  William  Maclay,  Franklin  ;  Dr.  William  Crawford, 
Adams ;  XYth  Congress. 

1819-1821,  David  Fnllerton,  Franklin  ;t  Andrew  Boden,  Cum- 
berland ;  Thomas  G.  M'Culloh,  Franklin  ;t  XVIth 
Congress. 

Perry  county  was  created  in  March,  1820,  and  made  part  of 
the  Fifth  district,  and  so  voted  at  the  regular  election  in  1821, 
when  Colonel  John  Findlay  was  first  elected. 
1821-1823,  James  M'Sherry,  Adams;  James  Duncan,J  Cum- 
berland ;  John  Findla}',!  Franklin ;  XYIIth  Con- 


*  Robert  Whitehill  and  Dr.  William  Crawford  were  elected  for  the 
Fifth  district  in  1812,  but  Mr.  Whitehill  died  April  7th,  1813,  soon  after 
his  return  home,  vipon  the  adjournment  of  the  Xllth  Con2;re.ss,  of 
whicli  he  had  been  a  member  from  another  district,  of  whicli  Camber- 
land  formed  a  part ;  and  at  a  special  election  held  on  the  llth  May, 
1813,  John  Rea  was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy,  by  a  majority  of  five^ 
hundred  and  twenty-three  over  Edward  Crawford,  of  Franklin.  He 
took  his  seat  in  the  extra  session  of  Congress,  which  met  in  May,  1813. 

t  David  Fnllerton  resigned  after  the  close  of  his  first  session  in  Con- 
gress, because  his  constituents  disapproved  of  his  votes  upon  the  Mis- 
souri Compromise,  and  upon  some  other  questions.  On  the  9th  of  Oc- 
tober, 1820,  Thomas  G.  M'Culloh  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He 
took  his  seat  13th  November,  1820,  and  served  until  the  3d  of  March, 
1821. 

J  At  the  regular  election  in  1820,  James  M'Sherry,  of  Adams,  and 
James  Duncan,  of  Cumberland,  were  elected  ;  but  before  the  meeting 
of  the  XVlIth  Congress  Mr.  Duncan  resigned,  and  at  the  regular  elec- 
tion in  1821  John  Findlay,  of  Franklin,  was  cbosen  his  successor  over 
Thomas  G.  M'Culloh. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  233 

ACT    OF    2d    APRIL,    1822 — IItH     district — ADAMS,     FRANKLIN, 
CUMBERLAND    AND    PERRY,    TWO    MEMBERS. 

1823-1826,  John  Findlay,  Franklin;  James  Wilson,  Adams; 
XVIIIth  Congress. 

1825-1827,  John  Findlay,  Franklin;  James  Wilson,  Adams; 
XlXth  Congress. 

1821-1829,  James  Wilson,  Adams  ;  William  Ramsa}',  Cumber- 
land ;  XXth  Congress. 

1829-1831,  Thomas  H.  Crawford,  Franklin  ;  William  Ramsay^ 
Cumberland  ;  XXIst  Congress. 

1831-1833,  Thomas  H.  Crawford,  Franklin  ;  ^V^illiam  Ramsay^ 
Cumberland  ;  XXIId  Congress. 

ACT    OF    9tII    JUNE,  1832 — 12Tn    DISTRICT — ADAMS   AND  FRANK- 
LIN,   ONE    MEMBER. 

1833-1835,  George  Chambers,  Franklin,  XXIIId  Congress. 

1835-1837,       "  "  "         -  XXIYth         " 

1837-1839,  Daniel  Sheffer,  Adams,         -  XXVth  " 

1839-1841,  James  Cooper,       "      -         -  XXVIth         " 

1841-1843,       "  ''  "      -         -  XXVIIth       " 

ACT  OF  25tii  march,  1843 — 16th  district — franklin,  Cum- 
berland  AND  PERRY. 

1843-1845,  James  Black,  Perry,  -         -     XXVIIIth  Congress. 
1845-1847,       "  ^"  "        -         -     XXIXth  " 

1847-1849,  Jasper  E.  Brady,  Franklin,     XXXth  " 

1849-1851,  Jas.  X.  M'Lanahan,  Franklin,  XXXIst  " 

1851-1853,       "  ''  "  XXXIId  " 

ACT    OF    1st     may,    1852 — 17tH     district — ADAMS,     FRANKLINy 
FULTON,    BEDFORD    AND    JUNIATA. 

1853-1855,  Samuel  L.  Russell,  Bedford,  XXXIIId  Congress- 
1855-1857,  David  F.  Robison,  Franklin,  XXXIYth         " 
1857-1859,  Wilson  Reilly,  Franklin,     -    XXXYth  " 

1859-1861,  Edward  M'Pherson,  Adams,   XXXVIth         " 
1861-1863,         "  "  "         XXXVIIth       " 


234         HISTORICAL  sketch  of  franklin  county. 

ACT    OF    lOxn  APRIL,  1802 — IGtII  district — ADAMS,  FRANKLIN, 
FULTON,    BEDFORD    AND    SOMERSET, 

1863-18C5,  A.  II.  Coffroth,  Somerset,  XXXYIIIth  Congress. 

1865-1867,  I ;V^\^°«^'^'^''*      ^'     l-XXXIXth 
(Wm.  11.  Koontz,      ''     ) 

1867-1869,  "  "  '^      '  XLth  " 

1869-1871,  John  Cessna,  Bedford,         XLIst  " 

1871-1873,  Benj.  F.  Meyers,  Bedford,  XLIId  " 

1873-1875,  John  Cessna,  "  XLIIId  " 

act  of  28th  APRIL,  1873 — 18th  district — franklin,  fulton, 

JUNIATA,    HUNTINGDON,    SNYDER    AND    PERRY. 

1875-1877,  William  S.  Stenger,  Franklin,  XLIYtli  Congress. 

1877-1879        "  "  "  XLYth  " 

LEGISLATORS. 

SUPREME    EXECUTIVE    COUNCIL — SENATE. 

Under  the  constitution  of  1776,  which  was  in  force  when  the 
county  of  Franklin  was  organized,  there  was  no  State  Senate. 
The  State  was  governed  by  an  Assembly  of  the  Representatives 
of  the  freemen  of  the  State,  and  by  a  President  and  Council. 
Councillors  were  elected  for  three  years.  The  following  per- 
sons served  as  Councillors  for  this  count}-,  viz  : 

James  M'Lene, from  1784  to  1787 

Abraham  Smith,      -.--.''      1787  to  1790 

Under  the  constitution  of  1790,  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council  was  al)olished,  and  it  was  provided  that  the  govern- 
ment of  the  State  should  be  carried  on  by  a  Governor,  and  a 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  all  of  whom  were  to  be 
elected  bj-  the  people,  the  Governor  to  hold  office  for  three 
years.  Senators  for  four  years,  and  Representatives  for  one 
year.  The  following  are  the  senatorial  districts  in  which 
Franklin  county  has  been  since  1790,  and  the  names  of  the 
various  persons  who  have  represented  this  district  in  the  Sen- 
ate, with  their  terms  of  service  : 

*  At  the  opening  of  the  first  session  of  the  XXXIXth  Congress,  Mr. 
Coffroth  was  awarded  a  seat  on  a  2^'>'ima-/acie  case,  and  served  during 
most  of  the  session,  but  Mr.  Koontz  obtained  the  seat  on  a  contest,  and 
was  sworn  in  July  18th,  1866. 


HISTORICAL,    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN'    COUNTY.  235 

DISTRICT FRANKLIN    AND    BEDFORD. 

Abraham  Smith,  of  Franklin,     from  P|ec.,  1790,  to  Dec,  1794 
Thomas  Johnston,  "  "  1794,  to      "     1803 

James  Poe,  "  '^  1803,  to      ''     1807 

Archibald  Rankin,  "  ''  1807,  to      "     1811 

By  the  act  of  21st  March,  1808,  Franklin  count}^  was  made 
a  senatorial  district,  and  given  one  S-nator. 
James  Poe,         -         -         -  from  Dec,  1811,  to  Dec,  1819 

Robert  Smith,        -         -         -        "         '•      1819,  to     "       1823 
John  Rea,  (resigned),         -  '•         "       1823,  to     "       1824 

James  Dunlop,      -         -         -        "         '^       1824,  to     "       1827 
David  Fullerton,         -         -  '^         ^'       1827,  to     "      1839 

By  the  act  of  16th  June,  1836,  Franklin,  Cumberland  and 
Adams  were  made  a  senatorial  district  to  elect  two  Senators. 
The  persons  who  served  under  this  act  in  this  district,  were — 
Charles  B.  Penrose,  of  Cumberland,  from  December,  1837,  to 

December  1841. 
Jacob  Cassatt,  of  Adams,  from  December,  1837,  to  December 

25,  1838.* 
Thomas  C.  Miller,  of  Adams,  from  January  13,  1839,  to  De- 

cember,  1841. 

Under  the    Constitution  of  1838,  the  senatorial  term  was 
reduced  to  three  years.     The  Senators  were — 
William  R.  Gorgas,  of  Cumberland,  for  1842,  1843  and  1844 
James  X.  M'Lanahan,  of  Franklin,  -    "        "         "       "       " 

By  the  act  of  14th  April,  1843,  Franklin  and  Adams  were 
made  a  senatorial  district,  to  elect  one  member.  The  Senators 
were — 

Thomas  Carson,  of  Franklin,  -  -  1845,  1846,  1847 

William  R.  Sadler,  of  Adams,    -        -        -     1848,  1849,  1850 
Thomas  Carson,  of  Franklin,  -  -  1851,  1852,  1853 

David  Mellinger,  of  Adams,     -         -         -         1854,  1855,  1856 
Oeorge  W.  Brewer,  of  Franklin,  -         -         -  1857,  1858,  1859 

By  the  act  of  20th  May,  1857,  Adams,  Franklin  and  Fulton 
were  made  a  senatorial  district,  and  given  one  Senator.  The 
Senators  were — 

*Mr.  Cassatt  died  at  Harrisburg  during  bis  second  session  in  the 
Senate,  on  tlie  25tli  of  December,  1838,  and  General  Tlionias  C.  Miller, 
of  Adams  county,  was  elected  to  fill  tlie  vacancy-.  He  subsequently 
removed  to  Cumberland  county,  and  died  there  a  few  years  ago. 


236         HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OP  Franklin  county. 

A.  K.  M'Clure,  of  Franklin,  -  -  -  1860,  1861,  1862 
William  M'Sherry,  of  Adams,         -         -  1863,  1864,  1865 

David  M'Conaughy,  of  Adams,  -         -      1866,  186Y,  1868 

Calvin  M.  Duncan,  of  Franklin,     -         -  1869,  18^0,  1871 

By  the  act  of  6th  May,  1811,  Cumberland  and  Franklin 
were  made  a  senatorial  district,  to  elect  one  member.  Under 
it  James  M.  Weakley,  of  Cumberland,  served  in  18T2,  1873 
and  1874. 

By  the  Constitution  of  1873,  the  senatorial  term  was  again 
made  yo»7'  years. 

By  the  act  of  May  19th,  1874,  Franklin  and  Huntingdon 
were  made  a  senatorial  district  to  elect  one  member.  Under 
it  the  Senator  elected  in  this  district  in  1874,  was  to  serve  but 
two  years. 

Chambers  M'Kibbin,  of  Franklin,  served  in  1875  and  1876  ; 
HoratioG.Fisher,  of  Huntingdon,  was  elected  November,  1876, 
for  four  years. 

HOUSE  OF    REPRESENTATIVES. 

Names  of  persons  who  have  represented  the  county  of 
T'ranklin  in  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Pennsylvania : 
1784-1785,  James  Johnston,  Abraham  Smith,  James  M'Cam- 

mont. 
1785-1786,  James  M'Cammont,  Abraham  Smith,  John  Ilea. 
1786-1787,  Abraham  Smith,  James  M'Cammont. 
1787-1788,  James  M'Lene,  James  M'Cammont. 
1788-1789,  James  M'Lene,  James  Johnston. 
1789-1790,  James  Johnston,  John  Rea. 
1790-1791,  James  Johnston,  James  M'Lene. 
1791-1892,  James  Johnston,  John  Maclay. 
1792-1793,  James  Johnston,  John  Rea. 
1793-1794,  James  M'Lene,  John  Maclay. 
1794-1795,  William  Henderson,  James  Poe,  Daniel  Royer. 
1795-1796,  William  Henderson,  James  Poe,  Daniel  Royer. 
1796-1797,  James  Poe,  AYilliam  Henderson,  John  Rea. 
1797-1798,  William  Henderson,  John  Rea,  William  Findlay. 
1798-1799,  John  Scott,  Andrew  Dunlop,  John  Spear. 
1799-1800,  Daniel  Royer,  John  Scott,  Andrew  Dunlop. 
1800-1801,  John  Rea,' James  Poe,  John  Statler. 
1801-1802.  John  Rea,  James  Poe,  John  Statler. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  237 

1802-1803,  Kobert  Peebles,  James  Poe,  John  Statler. 

1803-1804,  William  Findlay,  Robert  Peebles,  Jacob  Dechert. 

1804-1805,  William  Findlay,  Jacob  Dechert,  James  M'Comiell. 

1805-1806,  William  Findlay,  Jacob  Dechert,  James  M'Connell. 

1806-1807,  WilliamFindlay,  William  M'Clelland,GeorgeNigli. 

1807-1808,  William  Maclay,  Robert  Smith,  Jacob  Heyser. 

1808-1809,  William  Maclay,  Robert  Smith,  Jacob  Heyser. 

1809-1810,  Jacob  Dechert,  James  Smith,  Archibald  Bard. 

1810-1811,  Jacob  Dechert,  James  Jmith,  Archibald  Bard. 

1811-1812,  Robert  Smith,  James  Smith,  Jacob  Dechert. 

1812-1813,  Robert  Smith,  David  Maclay,  Jacob  Dechert. 

1813-1814,  Robert  Smith,  David  Maclay,  Jacob  Dechert. 

1814-1815,  Jacob  Heyser,  Patrick  Campbell,  John  Cox. 

1815-1816,  Robert  Smith,  Jacob  Dechert,  David  Maclay. 

1816-1817,  Andrew  Robeson,  Stephen  Wilson,  Ludwig  Heck. 

1817-1818,  Andrew  Robeson,  Stephen  Wilson,  Lndwig  Heck. 

1818-1819,  Andrew  Robeson,  Stephen  Wilson,  Ludwig  Heck. 

1819-1820,  Andrew    Robeson,   William    Alexander,    Ludwio- 
Heck. 

1820-1821,  Samuel  Dunn,  John  Stoner,  Robert  Crooks. 

1821-1822,  John  Holliday,  Peter  S.  Dechert,  John  Flanagan. 

1822-1823,  John  King,  John  Holliday,  Peter  S.  Dechert. 

1823-1824,  Frederick  Smith,  Robert  Smith,  William  Maclay. 

1824-1825,  Frederick    Smith,  James  Walker,  William   Alex- 
ander. 

1825-1826,  Frederick  Smith,  James    Walker,  William   Alex-.' 
ander. 

1826-1827,  Frederick   Smith,  James  Walker,  Peter  Aughin- 
baugh. 

1827-1823,  Philip  Berlin,  Andrew  Robeson,  Benjamin  Rey- 
nolds. 

1828-1829,  Ludwig  Heck,  William  Boal,  John  Cox. 

1829-1830,  Frederick  Smith,  John  Cox. 

1830-1831,  Frederick  Smith,  John  Cox. 

1831-1832,  James  Diinlop,  Thomas  G.  M'Cnlloh. 

1832-1833,  Thomas  Bard,  Thomas  G.  M'Cullob. 

1833-1834,  Thomas  H.  Crawford,  William  S.  M'Dowell. 

1834-1835,  Thomas  G.  M'Cullob,  Thomas  Carson. 

1835-1836,  Thomas  Carson,  John  D.  Work. 

1836-1837,  John  D.  Work,  John  Flanagan. 


238  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

183Y-1838,  James  Colhoun,  Ilonry  Funk, 
1838-1839,  William  M'Kinstry,  Frederick  Smith. 

1840,  William  M'Kinstry  James  Nill. 

1841,  Andrew  Snively,  Joseph  Pomeroy. 

1842,  Andrew  Snively,  Peter  Cook. 

1843,  Jacob  Walter,  Thomas  Carson. 

1844,  Jasper  E.  Brad}',  Thomas  Carson. 

1845,  Jasper  E.  Brady,  Andrew -Snively. 

1846,  John  Stewart,  John  M.  Pomeroy. 

1847,  Thompson  M'Allister,  John  M.  Pomeroy. 

1848,  William  Baker,  Samuel  Seibert. 

1849,  William  Baker,  Samuel  Seibert. 

1850,  William  Baker,  John  M'Lean. 

1851,  David  Maclay,  John  M'Lean. 

1852,  David  Macla}',  George  A.  Madeira. 

1853,  John  Rowe,  Charles  T.  Campbell. 

1854,  John  Howe,  Samuel  Gilmore. 

1855,  James  B.  Orr,  James  Lowe. 

1856,  James  B.  Orr,  James  C.  Boyd. 

1857,  George  Jacobs,  John  Witherow. 

By  act  of  20th  May,  1857,  Franklin  and  Fulton  Avere  made 
a  district  and  given  two  members. 

1858,  A.  K.  M'Clure,  James  Nill. 

1859,  A.  K.  M'Clure,  James  Nill. 

1860,  James  R.  Brewster  ;  James  C.  Austin,  of  Fulton. 

1861,  James  R.  ]3rewster;  James  C.  Austin,      " 

1862,  John  Rowe  ;  William  W.  Sellers,  " 

1863,  Jonathan  Jacoby  ;  William  Ilorton,  " 
1804,  J.  M'Dowell  Sharpe  ;  William  Ilorton,     " 

By  act  of  5th  May,  1864,  Franklin  and  Perry  were  made  a 
district  and  given  two  members. 

1865,  A.  K.  M'Clure,  J.  M'Dowell  Sharpe. 

1866,  F.  S   Stumbaugh  ;  G.  A.-Shuman,  of  Perr^-. 

1867,  F.  S.  Stumbaugh  ;  G.  A.  Shuman,      " 

1868,  B.  F.  Winger  f  John  Shively,  " 

1869,  John  H.  Walker;  John  Shively,         " 

1870,  Geo.  W.  Skinner;  D.  B.  Milliken,      " 

1871,  Geo.  W.  Skinner  ;  D.  B.  Milliken,      " 

By  act  of  0th  May,  1871,  Franklin  was  made  a  district  and 
given  one  member. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  239 

1872,  Thaddeus  M.  Mahon. 
18Y3,  Thaddeus  M.  Mahon. 

1874,  George  W.  Welsh. 

By  act  of  19tli  Maj',  1874,  Frauklin  was  given  three  members^ 

1875,  Hastings  Gehr,  M.  A.  Embich,  Simon  Lechrou. 

1876,  Hastings  Gehr,  M.  A.  Embich,  Simon  Lechron. 
1877-1878,  Hastings  Gehr,  H.  C.  Greenawalt,  William  A.  Bur- 
gess. 

JUDICIARY. 

LIST  OF  OUR  JUDGES  SINCE  1790. 
4th  district FRANKLIN,  BEDFORD,  HUNTINGDON  AND  MIFFLIN- 

President  Judge^ — Tlioraas  Smith,  from  20th  August,  1791, 
to  31st  Januar^y,  1794. 

Associates — James  M'Dowell,  First  Associate,  17th  August,, 
1791 ;  James  Maxwell,  Second  Associate,  17th  August,  1791 ; 
George  Matthews,  Third  Associate,  17th  August,  1791 ;  James 
M'Cammont,  Fourth  Associate,  17th  August,  1791. 

4th  DISTRICT 1794 CUMBERLAND,  FRANKLIN,  BEDFORD,  HUN- 
TINGDON   AND    MIFFLIN. 

President  Judge — James  Riddle,  of  Chambersburg,  from  4th 
February,  1794,  to  latter  part  of  1804. 

Associates — James  M'Dowell,  George  Matthews,  James  M'- 
Cammont, James  Chambers,  from  November  12,  1795,  until  his 
death,  April  25th,  1805. 

9tH  DISTRICT — 180G — ADAMS,  CUMBERLAND  AND    FRANKLIN. 

President  Judge — James  Hamilton,  of  Carlisle,  from  1st 
March,  1806,  to  13th  March,  1819. 

Associates — James  M'Cammont,  till  his  death,  in  1809; 
James  Maxwell,  James  M'Dowell ;  William  M'Clay,  Septem- 
ber 2d,  1809;  Archibald  Bard,  April  2d,  1811;  Isaac  Eaton, 
January  9tli,  1815. 

9th    DISTRICT — 1819 — ADAMS,  CUMBERLAND  AND  FRANKLIN. 

President  Judge — Charles  Smith,  of  Carlisle,  from  March. 
27th,  1819,  to  April  27th,  1820. 

Associates — Archibald  Bard,  Isaac  Eaton. 


240  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

5)tii   district — 1820 — Cumberland,    franklin,    adams    and 

TERRY. 

President  Judge — John  Reed,  of  Carlisle,  from  lOtli  July, 
1820,  till  29tla  March,  1824. 

Associates — Archibald  Bard,  Isaac  Eaton ;  Jacob  Oyster, 
August  23d,  1823. 

IGth    district — 1824 — franklin,   Bedford    and    somerset. 

FORMED    29tII    MARCH,  1824. 

President  Judge — John  Tod,  of  Bedford,  appointed  June 
Sth,  1824  ;  served  till  25th  May,  1827,  when  he  was  appointed 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

Associates — Arcliibald  Baird,  Jacob  Oyster. 

16th  district — 182t — franklin,  Bedford  and  somerset. 

President  Judge — Alexander  Thompson,  of  Bedford,  from 
25th  June,  1827,  till  1842. 

Associates — Archibald  Bard,  Jacob  03'ster,  Matthew  Patton, 
from  October  9th,  1830;  William  M'Kesson,  from  November 
7th,  1832;  Robert  Smith,  from  December  12th,  1836. 

By  the  Constitution  of  1838,  the  terras  of  the  Judges  then 
in  commission  were  all  shortened  and  terminated  ;  and  there- 
after the  President  Judges  were  nominated  by  the  Governor, 
with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  hold  for  ten  years,  and  As- 
sociate Judges  to  hold  iov  five  years. 

•  16Tn  DISTRICT 1842 — franklin,  BEDFORD  AND  SOMERSET. 

President  Judge — Jeremiah  S.  Black,  of  Somerset,  from  30th 
June,  1841,  to  1st  Monday  in  December,  1851. 

Associates — Robert  Smith,  James  J.  Kenned}',  March  5th, 
1842  ;  Samnel  Dun,  March  5th,  1843  ;  Henry  Ruby,  March  5th, 
1847  ;  John  Orr,  March  9th  1848. 

By  the  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  1850,  the  Judges 
were  all  made  elective. 

I6TII      DISTRICT 1852 — FRANKLIN,       FULTON,       BEDFORD      AND 

SOMERSET. 

President  Judge — Francis  M.  Kimmell,  of  Somerset,  from, 
first  Monday  in  December,  1851. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  241 

Associates — James  L.  Black,  first  Monday  in  December,  1851; 
Thomas  Pomeroy,  first  Monday  in  December,  1851  ;  John 
Huber.  first  Monday  in  December,  1856  ;  James  O.  Carson, 
first  Monday  in  December,  1856  ;  John  Orr,  first  Monday  in 
December,  185u 

16Tn      DISTRICT — 1862 — franklin,      FULTON,      BEDFORD      AND 

SOMERSET, 

President  Judge — James  Xill,  of  Chambersburg,  from  first 
Monday  in  December,  1861,  till  his  death.  May  2Hh,  1864. 

Associates — John  Orr,  James  0.  Carson,  first  Monday  in 
December,  1861  ;  W.  W.  Paxton,  first  Monday  in  December, 
1862. 

16Tn      DISTRICT — 1864 — franklin,      FULTON,      BEDFORD       AND 

SOMERSET. 

President  Judge — Alexander  King,  of  Bedford,  from  4th 
June,  1864,  till  his  death,  January  10th,  1871.* 

Associates — James  0.  Carson,  W.  W.  Paxton,  James  Fer- 
guson, from  first  Monday  in  December,  1866  ;  JohnArmstrong, 
from  first  Monda}'  in  December,  186t. 

Additional  Law  Judge — D.  YT.  Rowe,  from  18th  March, 
1868.t 

16th     district — 1871 — franklin,     fulton,     Bedford    and 

somerset. 

President  Judge — William  M.  Hall,  of  Bedford,  from  Febru- 
ary 1st,  isn,  till  mh  April,  18t4.| 

*  Judge  King  was  appointed  June  4th,  1864,  to  fill  the  vacanc^^  caused 
bj'  the  death  of  Judge  Nill.  He  was  elected  President  Judge,  October, 
1864,  and  was  commissioned  December  3d,  1864,  for  ten  years. 

t  Judge  Rowe  was  appointed  Additional  Law  Judge,  18th  March, 
1868.  He  was  elected  to  the  same  position  in  October,  1868,  for  ten 
years  from  first  Monday  in  December,  1868.  Under  the  Constitution 
of  1873,  Franklin  county  became  a  separate  judicial  district,  to  which 
Fulton  county  has  been  attached,  and  on  the  17th  April,  1874,  Hon.  D. 
Watson  Rowe,  was  commissioned  President  Judge  of  the  thirty-ninth 
district,  to  hold  for  the  balance  of  the  term  for  which  he  had  been 
elected  Additional  Law  Judge,  viz  :  till  the  first  Monday  of  December, 
1878. 

%  Appointed  1st  of  February,  1871,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  death  of 
Judge  King  ;  nominated  and  elected  October,  1871,  for  full  term  of  ten 
years,  The  district  having  been  divided,  Bedford  and  Somerset  coun- 
ties were  continued  as  the  Sixteenth  district,  and  Judge  Hall  continues 
to  preside  there. 
16 


242  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

Additional  Law  Judge — D.  W.  Rowe. 

Associates — James    Ferguson,  Joliu  Armstrong,  James   D.. 
M'Dowell,  from  first  Monday  in  December,  18T1 ;  David  Oaks, 
from  the  first  Monday  in  December,  18*72, 

o9th  district — 1874 — franklin  and  fulton. 

President  Judge — D.  W.  Rowe,  of  Greencastle,  from  nth 
April,  1874. 

Associates — James  D.  M'Dowell,  David  Oaks,  till  his  death, 
December  2d,  1874. 

The  county  of  Franklin  having  the  requisite  number  of  in- 
habitants to  make  it  a  "  Separate  "  Judicial  district,  (viz  : 
40,000,)  has  had  no  Associate  Judge  since  the  expiration  of 
the  Commission  of  Judge  James  D.  M'Dowell,  on  the  first 
Monday  of  December,  1876. 

COUNTY  OFFICERS. 
PROTHONOT  ARIES. 

Wlien  Appointed. 
Edward  Crawford,  Jr.,     -         -         -         September  10th,  1784 
Edward  Crawford,        -         -         -         -     August        17th,  1791 
Edward  Crawford,  -         -         -         Januaiy        8th,  1800 

Edwai'd  Crawford,  continued  by  proclamation,  1803 

Edward  Crawford,  continued  by  proclamation,  1805 

John  Findlay,  ....         January      27th,  1809 

John  Findlaj^, April  1st,  1818 

John  Shryock,  ....         February      8th,  1821 

John  Hershberger,       .         .         .         _     January       14th,  1824 
John  Hershberger,  ...         -         December   oOth,  1826 

John  Flanagan, January      28th,  1830 

John  Flanagan,         ....         December  24th,  1832 
Joseph  Minnich,  ....     January      18th,  1836 

Recommissioned,      ....         January  2d,  1839 

Mathias  Nead, January      29th,  1839 

Mathias  Nead,  ....         November  14th,  1839 

ELECTED   HEREAFTER. 

Mathias  Nead,  ...         -  November  12th,  1842 

Thomas  P.  Bard,  ....  November  17th,  1845 

James  Wright,  ....  November  25th,  1848 

Isaac  H.  M'Cauley,      -         -         -         .  November    22d,  1851 


UISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  243 

WJie/i  Appointed. 
Abraham  K.  Weir,  -  -  -  -  November  14th,  1854 
Hiram  C.  Kejser,  ....  December  1st,  1851 
Abraham  D.  Caufman,  -/  -  -  December  1st,  1800 
K.  S.  Taylor,  -----  December  1st,  1863 
William  H.  M'Dowell,  -  -  -  December  1st,  18G6 
George  W.  Welsh,  ....  December  1st,  1869 
John  A.  Hyssong,  ....  December  1st,  1812 
Jolm  A.  Hyssong,        -         -         1st  Monday  of  Jauuar}-,  18T6 

REGISTERS  AND  RECORDERS. 

Edward  Crawford,  Jr.,  -  -  -  September  1 0th,  1784 
Edward  Crawford,  Jr.,  .  -  -  September  4th,  1790 
Edward  Crawford,  continued,  -  -  December  13th,  1790 
Edward  Crawford,  ....  January  8th,  1800 
Edward  Crawford,  continued  b}^  proclamation,  1802 

Edward  Crawford,  continued  by  proclamation,  1805 

John  Findlay, January      27th,  1809 

Peter  Spyker  Dechert,  -         -         -     April  1st,  1818 

Joseph  Call>ertson,  -         .         .         -         February      8th,  1821 

REGISTER  AND  RECORDER  AND  CLERK  OF  ORPHANS'  COURT. 

John  Findlay,  Jr.,  ....  Janviary  14th,  1824 
John  Findlay,  Jr.,    ....         December  30th,  1826 

REGISTERS  AND  RECORDERS. 

Paul  I.  Hetich,  ....  January      28th,  1830 

Paul  I    Hetich, December  24th,  1832 

Joseph  Pritts,  -         -         .         .  January      18th,  1836 

Recommissioned,  ....  Januar^^  2d,  1839 

Henry  Ruby,    ....         -  January       29th,  1839 

Henry  Rub}-, November  14th,  1839 

KLECTED   HEREAFTER. 

John  W.  Reges,        ....  November  12th,  1842 

James  Watson, November  17th,  1845 

iienjamin  Mentzer,  ....  November  25th,  1848 

David  Oaks, November    22d,  1851 

George  H.  Merklein,         .         -         -  .November  14th,  1854 

George  W.  Toms,         ....  December      1st,  1857 

Edward  C.  Boyd,     -         -         -         -  December      1st,  1860 

Henry  Striekler,           ....  December      1st,  1863 


244  IIISTOllICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

When  Apxjointed. 
Henry  Strickler,       .         .         .         .         December      1st,  1866 
Hiram  T.  Snyder,         .         .         .         .     December      1st,  1869 
Adoli)lius  A.  Skinner,      -         -         -         December      1st,  18t2 
Adolpiius  A.  Skinner,  -         1st  Monday  of  January,  1876 

CLERK  OF  THE  COURT  OF  QUARTER  SESSIONS,  OYER  AND  TERMINER 
AND  orphans'  court. 

Edward  Crawford,  Jr.,     -         -         -         September  10th,  1784 

Edward  Crawford,  Jr.,         -        -         -     August  17th,  1791 

Edward  Crawford,  -         -         -         -         January  8tli,  1800 

Edward  Crawford,  continued  by  proclamation,  1802 

Edward  Crawford,  continued  by  proclamation,  1805 

«  John  Findlay, January  27th,  1809 

\  John  Findlay,           .         .         .         .         April  1st,  1818 

John  Shr3^ock, Februarj^  8th,  1821 

CLERK  OF    QUARTER  SESSIONS  AND  OYER  AND  TERMINER. 

John  Hershberger,       .         -         .         .     January      14th,  1824 
Jo'in  Ilershberger,  ...         December  30th,  1826 

CLERK  OF  QUARTER  SESSIONS,  OYER  AND  TERMINER  AND  ORPHANS' 

COURT. 

Richard  Morrow,         .         .         .         ,  January      28th,  1830 

Kichard  Morrow,    -         -         .         -  December  24th,  1832 

Joseph  Morrow,          ....  January      18th,  1836 

Recommissioned,    ....  January          2d,  1839 

Jolm  Wood, January      29th,  1839 

Jolm  Wood, November  14th,  1839 

ELECTED   HEREAFTER. 

John  Wood, November  12th,  1842 

John  M.  Fisher,      ....  November  17th,  1845 

Josiah  W.  Fletclier,    ....  November  25th,  1848 

Henry  S.  Stoner,    ....  November    22d,  1851 

Henry  S.  Stoner,        ....  November  14th,  1854 

B.  Y.  Hamsher,      ....  December      1st,  1857 

William  G.  Mitchell,         -         -        -  December      1st,  1860 

AVilliam  G.  Mitchell,     -         -         -  December       1st,  1863 

Thaddeus  M.  Mahon,         -         -         -  December      1st,  1866 

Bernard  A.  Cormany,  -         -         -  December      1st,  1869 

Lewis  W.  Detrich,    ....  December      1st,  1872 
AY.  Rush  Gillan,            -         -           1st  Monday  of  January,  1876 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


245 


Jeremiah  Talbot,  October 

Jeremiah  Talbot,         " 

Jeremiah  Talbot,         " 

John  Johnston,  " 

John  Johnston,    November  8th,   1788, 


SHERIFFS. 

Whe7i  Appointed. 
20th,  1784,  for  one  year. 
26th,  1785,  "  " 

23cl,  178G,  "  " 

23d,    1787,  "  " 


John  Johnston, 
Henry  Work, 
Robert  Shannon, 
George  Hetich, 
John  Hetich, 
John  Brotherton, 
Jacob  Snider, 
Jacob  Merkle, 
iWilliam  Alexander, 
\i  Thomas  Alexander, 
Jeremiah  Snider, 
John  M'Clay, 
David  "Washabaugh, 
Archibald  Fleming, 
Joseph  Culbertson, 
David  Washabaugh, 
Ennion  Elliott, 
James  Burns, 
George  Hoffman, 
William  Gilmore, 
Adam  M'Kinnie, 
John  W.  Taylor, 
Thomas  J.  Earley, 
William  Skinner, 
Jacob  S.  Brown, 
William  M'Grath, 
Samuel  Brandt, 
John  Doebler, 
J.  W.  Fletcher, 
S.  F.  Greenawalt, 
John  Swene}^, 
Michael  Gable, 


'•  5th,    1789,  "  •' 

from  October,  1790,  to  October,  1793. 


1793,   " 

1796. 

1796,   " 

1799. 

1799,   " 

1802, 

1802,   " 

1805, 

1805,   " 

1808. 

"  1808,  to  Nov.  court,  1811. 

Nov.  court,  1811,  to  Nov,  court,  1814.  "^ 

"  1814,      "  "      1817."/ 

"  1817,      '•  "      1820. 

"  1820,  to  June,  1823. 

16th  June,  1823,  to  Nov.  court,  1823. 

Nov.  court,  1823,      "  "       1826. 

"  1826,      "  "       1829. 

"  1829,      "  "       1832. 

"  1832,      ".  "       1835. 

"  1835,      "  "       1838. 

"  1838,      "  "       1841, 

"  1841,      "  "       1844, 

"  1844,  to  October  "       1847. 

Oct.  court,  1847,     "  "       1850. 

"  1850,  to  Nov.      "       1853. 

Nov,court,  1853,  to  Oct.        "       1856. 

Oct.  court,  1856,  to  Nov.  18th,    1859. 

Nov.  18th,    1859,  to  Oct.  18th,      1S62. 

October,       1862,  to  November,    1865. 

November,  1865,  to  October,        1868. 

October,       1868,  to  November,     1871. 

November,  1871,  to  Jan.  4th,         1875. 

Jan.  4th,       1875,  to  Jan.  7th,        1878. 

Jan. 7th,      1878. 


24G 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


CORONERS. 


Jollll  Ilea, 
John  Johnston,    - 
Conivad  Snider, 
Conrad  Snider.     - 
George  Clark, 
George  Clark, 
George  Clark, 
Matthew  Duncan, 
Archibald  Rankin, 
Archibald  Rankin, 
James  Campbell,     - 
Andrew  Robeson, 
Robert  Liggett, 
William  Young, 
Thomas  M'Kinstr}', 
William  Young, 
David  Washabaugh, 
James  Burns,     - 
Allen  K.  Campbell, 
John  Tritle, 
James  M'Dowell,  - 
William  Slyder, 
Alexander  Hamilton, 
John  M.  M'Dowell,    - 
James  Burns, 


When  appointed. 
October       20th,  1784 
October        26th,  1785 
November  20th,  1786 
October         23d,  1787 


November 

November 

October 

October 

October 

January 

October 

January 

May 

February 

October 

December 

March 

January 

November 

November 

November 

October 

November 

November 

November 


8th,  1788 

5th,  1789 

22d,  1790 

21st,  1793 

21st,  1796 

19th,  1801 

28th,  1805 

nth,  1809 

1st,  1812 

14th,  1815 

24th,  1817 

5th,  1820 

6th.  1824 

22d",  1827 

24th,  1829 

29th,  1832 

18th,  1835 

30th,  1838 

16th,  1841 

6th,  1844 

3d,  1849 


COUNTY    TREASURERS 


were  appointed  by  the  County  Commissioners  until  the  act  of 
27th  May,  1841,  provided  for  their  election,  in  October  of  that 
year,  to  hold  office  for  two  years,  from  the  first  Monday  of 
January  after  their  election. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  persons  who 
have  been  Treasurers  of  this  county,  with  their  years  of  ser- 
vice; 
Dr.  Ceorge  Clingan,  ....         -         1785-1790 

Matthew  Wilson, 1790-1793 

John  Riddle, 1793-1796 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  24:7 

Patrick  Campbell,           -         -         -         -         -  lt96-1806 

David  Denny,              1806-1809 

Jacob  Heyser,                  1809-1812 

Henry  Reges,              ..--.-  1812-1814 

John  Hershberger, 1814-181t 

Jacob  Heyser, 18n-1820 

William  Heyser,              1820-1823 

Samuel  G.  Calhoun,             -                 .         .         .  1823-1824 

Dr.  John  Sloan, 1824-1825 

Hugh  Greenfield. 1825-182T 

William  Hamilton,          ...                 .  1827 

Daniel  Spangler, 182t-1880 

Joseph  Pritts, -  1830-1832 

Henry  Smith, 1832 

Jasper  E.  Brady,    - 1833-1836 

George  Garlin,  Jr., 1836-1839 

Henry  Smith, 1839-1842 

ELECTED   HEREAFTER   FOR    TWO    YEARS. 

Joseph  Pritts, 1842-1844 

George  K.  Harper, 1844-1846 

George  Garlin, 1846-1848 

William  M'Lellan, 1848-1850 

Lewis  Denig,* 1850-1852 

Washington  Crooks, 1852-1854 

Daniel  K.  Wunderlich, 1854-1856 

J.  Smith  Grier, 1856-1858 

William  D.  M'Kinstry, 1858-1860 

John  Stouffer, 1860-1862 

•George  J.  Balsley, 1862-1864 

James  G.  Elder, 1864-1866 

John  Hassler,              ..--.-.  1866-1868 

George  W.  Skinner,        .         .         •         .         .  1868-1870 

William  Reber, 1870-1872 

Samuel  Knisley, 1872-1874 

Hiram  M.  White, 1874-1876 

*  Jeremiah  Snider  was  elected  Treasurer  in  October,  1849,  but  not 
being  able  to  give  the  bond  required  b}^  law,  he  resigned  January  7, 

1850,  and  the  County  Commissioners  that  day  appointed  Lewis  Denig 
to  fill  the  vacancy. 


248 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


FOB   THREE   YEARS   UNDER    NEW    CONSTITUTION. 

Elias  K.  Lehman, 1876-1879 


COUNTY    COMMISSIONERS. 

James  Poe,  John  Work,  John  Beard. 

John  Work,  James  Poe,  John  Beard. 

John  Beard,  James  Poe,  John  Work.  / 

Robert  Bo3^d,  James  M'Connell,  William  Allison.' 

James  M'ConneU-,  William  Allison,  Josiah  Crawford. 

William  Allison,  Josiah  Crawford,  Matthew  Wilson. 

Matthew  Wilson,  James  Poe,  Daniel  Ro^'er. 

Matthew  Wilson,  James  Poe,  John  Work. 

James  Poe,  Daniel  Royer,  James  Chambers. 

Daniel  Royer,  James  Chambers,  George  Hetich. 

James  Chambers,  George  Hetich,  Henry  Work» 

George  Hetich,  Henry  Work,  William  Scott.      ,■ 

Henry  Work,  William  Scott,  William  Allison,^' 

William  Scott,  William  Allison,  James  Irvin. 

William  Allison^  James  Irvin,  John  Holliday. 

James  Irvin,  John  Holliday,  Nathan  M'Dowell. 

John  Holliday,  Robert  M'Dowell,  David  Maclay. 

Robert  M'Dowell,  David  ]\[aclay. 

R.  M'Dowell,  David  Maclay,  William  Rankin. 

R.  M'Dowell,  David  Macla}',  Archibald  Rankin,  Jacob 

Hej'ser. 
William  M'Clay,  Archibald  Rankin,  Jacob  Heyser. 
William  M'Clay,  Jacob  Heyser,  Patrick  Campbell. 
Jacob  Heyser,  Patrick  Campbell,  John  Royer. 
Pat  Campbell,  James  Smith,  Jacob  Dechert. 
Jacob  Dechert,  John  Rothbanst,  Robert  Crooks.  , 

John  Rothbaust,  Robert  Crooks,  William  Alexander.   ^ 
John  Rothbaust,  Robert  Crooks,  William  Alexander..*^ 
David  Rankin,  John  Cox,  Ludwig  Heck. 
David  Rankin,  John  Cox,  Ludwig  Heck. 
John  Cox,  Ludwig  Heck,  Isaac  Eaton. 
Ludwig  Heck,  James  M'Dowell,  John  M.  Macla^'. 
James  M'Dowell,  John  M.  Maclay,  William  Bleakney. 
John  M.  Maclay,  William  Bleakne^',  Philip  Berlin. 
William  Bleakney,  Philip  Berlin,  William  Rippey,  Jr. 
Philip  Berlin,  William  Rippe}',  Jr.,  David  Beshore. 


IirSTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  241) 

William  Rippey,  Jr.,  David  Besliore,  Frederick  Miller. 
Frederick  Miller,  David  Beshore,  Andrew  Thomson. 
David  Beshore,  Frederick  Miller,  Andrew  Thomson. 
Andrew  Thomson,  James  Walker,  Jacob  Wunderlich. 
Jacob  Wunderlich,  Philip  Laufman,  David  Fullerton. 
Jacob  Wunderlich,  Philip  Laufman,  Benjamin  Kej'ser,, 
Philip  Laufman,  Benjamin  Keyser,  William  He^^ser. 
William  Heyser,  Benjamin  Keyser,  John  W^alker. 
William  Heyser,  John  Walker,  Daniel  Shaffer. 
John  Walker,  Daniel  Shaffer,  John  Kadebaugh. 
Daniel  Shaffer,  John  Radebaugh,  John  W^alker. 
Daniel  Shaffer,  John  Radebaugh,  Jacob  Walter.  .,„ 
John  Radebaugh,  Jacob  Walter,  Samuel  Dunn. 
Samuel  Dunn.  Joseph  Culbertson,  John  Cox. 
Joseph  Culbertson,  John  Cox,  Tobias  Funk. 
John  Cox,  Tobias  Funk,  George  Hoffman. 
Tobias  Funk,  George  Hoffman,  George  Johnston. 
George  Hoffman,   John  Johnston,  John  Johnston,  (of 

George.) 
John  Johnston,  John    Johnston,  (of  George,)  George 

Hoffman. 
John  Johnston,  (of  George,)  D.  Washabaugh,  Emanuel 

Hade. 
John  Johnston,  (of  George,)  D.  Washabaugh,  Emanuel 

Hade. 
D.  Washabaugh,  Emanuel  Hade,  William  Seibert. 
Emanuel  Hade,  William  Seibert,  Garland  Anderson. 
William  Seibert,  G.  Anderson,  James  Burns. 
G.  Anderson,  James  Burns,  Jacob  Oyster. 
James  Burns,  Jacob  Oyster,  Thomas  Pumro3^ 
Jacob  Oyster,  Thomas  Pumroy,  James  Davison.^ 
Thomas  Pumroy,  James  Davison,  George  A.  Madeira- 
James  Davison,  George  A.  Madeira,  Dewalt  Keefer. 
G.  A.  Madeira,  Dewalt  Keefer,  John  A.  Shank. 
D.  Keefer,  John  A.  Shank,  George  S.  Eyster. 
John  A.  Shank,  George  S.  Eyster,  James  Lowe.     ■ 
George  S.  Ej'ster,  James  Lowe,  John  Alexander. 
James  Lowe,  John  Alexander,  John  Huber. 
John  Alexander,  John  Huber,  Jos.  Johnston. 
John  Huber,  Jos.  Johnston,  Robert  MTlvauey. 


250  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


1856 
1851 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
186Y 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 


Jos.  Johnston,  Robert  M'llvanej',  Samuel  M3'ers. 
Robert  M'llvaney,  Samuel  Myers,  D.  M.  Leisher. 
Samuel  Mj^ers,  1).  M.  Leisher,  John  S.  Nimmon. 

D.  M.  Leisher,  John  S.  Nimmon,  J.  A.  Eyster. 
J.  S.  Nimmon,  J.  A.  Eyster,  Jacob  S.  Good. 
J.  A.  Eyster,  Jacob  S.  Good,  James  D.  Scott. 
Jacob  S.  Good,  James  D.  Scott,  John  Nitterhouse. 
James  I).  Scott,  John  Nitterhouse,  John  Downey. 
John  Nitterliouse,  John  Downey,  Ileury  Good. 
John  Downe}',  Henry  Good,  John  Armstrong. 
Henry  Good,  John  Armstrong,  Daniel  Skinner. 
John  Armstrong,  Daniel  Skinner,  Jonas  C.  Palmer. 
Daniel  Skinner,  J.  C.  Palmer,  William  Shinafield. 
J.  C.  Palmer,  William  Shinafield,  E.  K.  Lehman. 
William  Shinafield,  E.  K.  Lehman,  J.  B.  Brumbaugh. 

E.  K.  Lehman,  J.  B.  Brumbaugh,  S.  M.  Worley. 
J.  B.  Brumbaugh,  S.  M.  Worley,  R.  J.  Boyd. 

S.  M.  Worle}',  R.  J.  Bo3'd,  Jacob  Kauflman. 
R.  J.  Boyd,  Jacob  Kauffman,  W.  D.  Guthrie. 
Jacob  Kauffman,  W.  D.  Guthrie,  Samuel  Coble. 
Daniel  Gelwix,  James  Patton,  J.  Watson  Craig.    . 
Daniel  Gelwix,  James  Patton,  J.  Watson  Craig. 
Daniel  Gelwix,  James  Patton,  J.  Watson  Craig. 


CLERKS    TO    COMMISSIONERS. 

Unknown, 1784-1788 

Robert  Boyd, 1788 

Unknown,  -         -        -         -         -        -        -  1789-1796 

James  Parks, 1796-1799 

William  Scott, 1799 

William  Orbison,  -         -         -         -        -  1800 

William  Ward,  Jr., 1801-1804 

Thomas  G.  M'Culloh, 1804-1806 

J.M.Russell, 1806 

E.  B.  Mendenhall, 1807 

Henry  Reges, 1808-1811 

William  M.M'Dowell,  ....  1811-1815 

Peter  S.  Deckhert, 1815-1818 

Daniel  Spangler, 1818-1827 

Hiram  Cox, 1827 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  251 

John  Colhoun, 1828-1836 

nichard  Morrow, 1836-1842 

Henry  Smith, 1842 

James  R.  Kirb}', 1843 

I.  H.  M'Cauley, 1844-1846 

A.  H.  M'Culloh, 1846-1850 

John  M.  Fisher, 1850-1853 

Thomas  L.  Fletcher, 1853-1856 

Jacob  Sellers, 1-856 

William  Gelwicks, 1S5T 

Jacob  Sellers,         - 1858 

Samuel  Longenecker,         -         -         -         -         -  1859 

George  Foreman, 1860-1871 

H.  C.  Koontz, 18n 

H.  C.  Keyser, 1872 

H.  S.  Shade, 1873-1815 

H.  C.  Keyser, 1875 

Thomas  M.  Kelson, 1876 

PARTIAL    LIST    OF    COUNTY    AUDITORS. 

1785-1788,  Unknown. 

1788,  James  Johnston,  Benjamin  Chambers,  James  Ir- 

win. 
1789-1793,  Unknown. 

1793-1794,  Benjamin  Chambers,  James  Irwin,  John  Pvea. 
1794-1798,  Unknown. 
1798-1800,  James  Ramsey,  John  Brown. 
1800-1801,  John  Brown,  James  Buchanan. 

1802,  James  Buchanan,  Nicholas  Clopper. 

1803,  Nicholas  Clopper,  George  Hetich. 

1804,  George  Hetich,  William  Scott. 

1805,  Nicholas  Clopper,  William  Scott,  Robert  Smith. 

1806,  William  Scott,  Robert  Smith,  Thomas  Brown. 

1807,  Robert  Smith,  Thomas  Brown,  John  Gilraor. 

1808,  Thomas  Brown,  John  Gilmor,  John  Ilolliday. 

1809,  John  Gilmor,  John  Hollida}^,  David  Rankin. 

1810,  I).  Fullerton,  David  Maclay,  Henry  Thompson. 

1811,  Henry  Thompson,  David  Fullerton,  D.  Maclay. 

1812,  Henry  Thompson,  Robert  Robison,  Joseph  Scott. 

1813,  Robert  Robison,  Joseph  Scott. 


1 


252  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


Patrick  Campbell,  David  Eby,  William  Scott.  f 

David  Eby,  Andrew  llobison,  William  Alexander.  j 

William  Alexander,  Sr.,  Andrew  llobison,  John  Walker.         \ 

John  Walker,  John  Cnlbertson.  ; 

John  Walker,  John  Culbertson,  James  M'Co}'. 

John  Culbertson,  James  M'Co\^,  John  Flanagan. 

James  M'Coy,  John  Flanagan,  Thomas  M'Clelland. 

John  Flanagan,  George  Hetich. 

Thomas  M'Clelland,  (ileorge  Iletich,  Thomas  Waddell. 

George  Iletich,  Joseph  Grubb. 

Thomas  Waddell,  Joseph,  Grubb,  William  Gamble. 

Joseph  Grubb,  William  Gamble,  Thomas  Carson. 

William  Gamble,  Thomas  Carson,  John  Walker. 

Thomas  Carson,  John  W^alker,  Isaac  Ward. 

John  Walker,  Jacob  Negle}',  John  Findla}-,  Sr. 

Isaac  Ward,  Jacob  Xegle}^,  John  M'Clintock. 

Jacob  Negle}^  Archibald  S.  M'Cune. 

Archibald  S.  M'Cune,  J.  Allison. 

J.  Allison,  James  Colhoun. 

Jacob  Ileyser,  Joseph  Pumroy. 

Jacob  Ileyser,  Joseph  Pumro}^,  John  M'Clintock. 

Joseph  Pumroy,  John  M'Clintock,  John  W^itherow. 

John  M'Clintock,  John  Witherow,  Jacob  Negley. 

John  Witherow,  Jacob  Negley. 

Jacob  Negley,  William  Fleming,  David  Lytle. 

William  Fleming,  David  Lytle,  John  Orr. 

David  Lytle,  John  Orr,  J.  13.  Guthrie. 

John  Orr,  J.  B.  Guthrie,  John  Deardorff. 

J.  B.  Guthrie,  John  D.  Work,  John  Deardorff. 

John  Deardorff,  John  D.  Work,  Robert  Wallace. 

Samuel  Lehman,  Robert  Wallace,  John  Tritle. 

Robert  Wallace,  John  Tritle. 

John  Tritle,  John  Johnston,  Abram  Stouffer. 

John  Johnston,  Abram  Stouffer,  Joseph  Snively. 

Abram  Stouffer,  Joseph  Snively,  Thomas  Carson, 

Joseph  Snively,  Thomas  Carson,  B.  A.  Doyle. 

Thomas  Carson,  B.  A.  Doyle,  George  W.  Zeigler. 

B.  A.  Doyle,  George  W.  Zeigler,  James  L.  Black. 

G.  W.  Zeigler,  James  L.  Black,  W.  A.  Shields. 

William  A.  Shields,  William  Armstrong,  David  Spencer. 


1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  ZOO 

William  Armstrong,  David  Spencer,  W.  S.  Amberson. 
D.  Spencer,  W.  S.  Araberson,  John  Bowman. 
W.  S.  Amberson,  John  Bowman,  C.  W.  Burkholder. 
John  Bowman,  C.  W,  Burkholder,  D.  11.  M'Pherson. 

C.  W.  Burkholder,  D.  H.  M'Pherson,  William  Fleagie. 

D.  H.  M'Pherson,  William  Fleagie,  J.  R.  Brewster. 
William  Fleagie,  Andrew  Davison,  John  Downey. 
John  Downe}',  Andrew  Davison,  George  Jarrett. 
John  Downe}',  George  Jarrett,  D.  K.  Wunderlich. 
George  Jarrett,  D.  K.  Wunderlich. 

D.  K.  Wunderlich,  D.  B.  Martin,  W.  S.  Amberson. 
D.  B.  Martin,  W.  S.  Amberson,  M.  Martin. 
W.  S.  Amberson,  D.  B.  Martin,  Samuel  W.  Nevin. 
M.  Martin,  Samuel  W.  Nevin,  Samuel  M^^ers. 
Samuel  W.  Nevin,  Samuel  Myers,  Joseph  Mowers. 
Samuel  W.  Nevin,  Samuel  Myers,  Joseph  Mowers. 
Samuel  M^^ers,  Joseph  Mowers,  J.  W.  Winger. 
Joseph  Mowers,  J.  W.  Winger,  John  C.  Tritle. 
J.  W.  Winger,  John  C.  Tritle,  John  A.  Sellers. 
John  A.  Sellers,  John  Cressler,  Samuel  Taylor. 
John  A.  Sellers,  John  Cressler,  H.  R.  Harnish. 
J.  Cressler,  H.  R..  Harnish,  Samuel  Taylor. 
Samuel  Taylor,  W.  H.  Blair,  William  M.  Gillan. 
Samuel  Taylor,  W.  H.  Blair,  William  M.  Gillan, 
Samuel  Taylor,  W.  II.  Blair,  William  M.  Gillan. 


POOR    HOUSE. 

The  Act  of  Assembly  for  the  erection  of  the  ''House  for  the 
employment  and  support  of  the  poor"  of  our  count}^  was  ap- 
proved by  the  Governor,  March  11th,  1807.  The  second  sec- 
tion of  the  act  provided  that  at  the  election  to  be  held  in 
October,  1807,  five  persons  should  be  elected  "to  determine 
upon  and  fix  the  place  on  which  the  buildings  should  be  erected," 
and  also  that  there  should  be  elected  "three  persons  to  be 
Directors  of  the  Poor,"  one  to  serve  for  one  year,  one  for 
two  years,  and  one  for  three  j^ears,  their  terms  to  be  determin- 
ed by  lot. 

William  Allison,  David  Fullerton,  John  Colhoun,  Colonel 
Joseph  Culbertson  and  John  Maclay,  were  elected  the  Com- 
missioners to  fix  the  site  for  the  Poor  House  ;  and    Robert 


254  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

Liggett,  James  Robinson  and  Ludwig  Ilcck,  were  elected 
Directors  of  the  Poor. 

The  Commissioners  selected  the  farm  of  Thomas  Lindsay 
(the  site  of  the  present  Poor  House)  as  the  place  where  the 
Poor  House  should  he  erected,  and  in  the  year  1808  the  direc- 
tors purchased  it  for  the  sum  of  eight  thousand  two  hundred 
dollars.  The  farm  then  contained  one  hundred  and  sixty-five 
acres,  and  had  a  stone  farm  house,  barn,  &c.,  upon  it.  This 
house  was  somewhat  enlarged,  and  used  until  the  year  1811, 
when  the  large  stone  building  now  standing  was  put  up. 

In  the  years  ISSS-'Sl,  the  large  brick  house  was  erected  at 
a  cost  of  about  twelve  thousand  dollars.  The  farm  now  con- 
tains about  two  hundred  and  ten  acres. 

The  following  lists  contain  the  names  of  the  Directors  of 
the  Poor,  their  stewards,  treasurers,  attornej'S,  clerks  and 
phj^sicians,  from  the  ^^ear  1807  to  the  present  time,  so  far  as 
they  could  be  ascertained  : 


1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1816 
181Y 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827, 
1828 


DIRECTORS. 

James  Robinson,  Robert  Liggett,  Ludwig  Heck. 
Robert  Liggett,  Ludwig  Heck,  Henry  Etter. 
Ludwig  Heck,  Henry  Etter,  Isaac  Eaton. 
Henry  Etter,  Isaac  Eaton,  Samuel  Radebaugh. 
Isaac  Eaton,  Samuel  Radebaugh. 
Samuel  Radebaugh,  Matthew  Lind. 

,  Matthew  Lind,  John  Yance. 

Matthew  Lind,  John  Yance,  Philip  Rerlin. 
John  Yance,  Philip  Berlin,  John  Snider. 
Philip  Berlin,  John  Snider,  John  Rudisil. 
John  Snider,  JohnTludisil,  Matthew  Patton. 
John  Rudisil,  Matthew  Patton.  D.  Washabaugh. 
Matthew  Patton,  D.  Washabaugh,  J.  Stoutfer. 
D.  Washabaugh,  J.  Sfouffer,  William  M'Kesson. 
J.  StoufTer,  William  M'Kesson,  John  &nider. 
William  M'Kesson,  John  Snider,  Thomas  Yeates. 
John  Snider,  Thomas  Yeates,  Jacob  Heck. 
Thomas  Yeates,  Jacob  Heck,  A.  Thompson. 
Jacob  Heck,  A.  Thompson,  John  Davison. 
A.  Thompson,  John  Davison,  Thomas  Yeates. 
John  Davison,  Thomas  Yeates,  John  Yance. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  255 

Thomas  Yeates,  John  Yance,  John  Coble 

John  Yance,  John  Coble,  Samuel  Dechart. 

John  Coble,  Samuel  Dechart,  Nicholas  Baker. 

Samuel  Dechart,  Nicholas  Baker,  James  Davison. 

Nicholas  Baker,  James  Davison,  John  Radebaugh. 

James  DaA'ison,  John  Radebaugh,  John  Orr. 

John  Radebaugh,  John  Orr,  Jacob  Oyster. 

John  Orr,  Jacob  Oyster,  John  Whitmore. 

Jacob  Oyster,  John  Whitmore,  William  Linn. 

John  Whitmore,  William  Linn,  Samuel  Campbell. 

William  Linn,  Samuel  Campbell,  Philip  Nitterhouse. 

Samuel  Campbell,  Philip  Nitterhouse,  James  Davison 

Philip  Nitterhouse,  James  Davison,  Matthew  Patton. 

James  Davison,  Matthew  Patton,  Upton  Washabaugh. 

Matthew  Patton,  LTpton  Washabaugh,  John  Monn,  Jr. 

Upton  WasliaJ)augh,  John  Monn,  Jr.,  Samuel  Lehmaix 

John  Monn,  Jr.,  Samuel  Lehman,  John  L.  Detwiler. 

Samuel  Lehman,  John  L.  Detwiler,  Daniel  Bonebrake. 

John  L.  Detwiler,  Daniel  Bonebrake,  Fred.  Boyer. 

Daniel  Bonebrake,  Fred.  Boyer,  John  Wise. 

Fred.  Bo3'er,  John  Wise,  David  Hays. 

John  Wise,  David  Hays,  S.  Detwiler. 

David  Hays,  S.  Detwiler,  Jacob  Garver. 

Samuel  Lehman,  Jacob  Garver,  Martin  Newcomer. 

Jacob  Garver,  Martin 'Newcomer,  D.  0.  Gehr. 

Martin  Newcomer,  D.  0.  Gehr,  James  Ferguson. 

D.  0.  Gehr,  James  Ferguson,  Josiah  Besore. 

James  Ferguson,  Josiah  Besore.  Jacob  Weaver. 

Josiah  Besore,  Jacob  Weaver,  M.  Gillan. 

Jacob  Weaver,  M.  Gillan,  Jacob  Strickler. 

M.  Gillan,  Jacob  Strickler,  David  Spencer. 

Jacob  Strickler,  David  Spencer,  J.  S.  Latshaw. 

David  Spencer,  J.  S.  Latr^haw,  W^illiam  Harris. 

J.  S.  Latshaw,  William  Harris,  Samuel  Seacrist. 

William  Harris,  Samuel  Seacrist,  John  Doebler. 

Samuel  Seacrist,  John  Doebler,  John  H.  Criswell. 

John  H.  Criswell,  James  H.  Clayton,  Martin  Heintzel- 

man. 
1866,  John  H.  Criswell,  James  H.  Clayton,  Martin  Heintzel- 

man. 


.256  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

186t,  James  II.  Cla^-ton,  Martin  Ileintzelman,  John  Gillan,  Jr- 

1868,  Martin  Heintzelman,  John  Gillan,  Jr.,  J.  R.  Smith. 

1869,  Martin  Heintzelman,  John  Gillan,  Jr.,  J.  R.  Smith. 

1870,  John  Gillan,  John  Smith,  Fred.  Long. 

1871,  J.  R.  Smith,  Fred.  Long,  Peter  M'Ferren. 

1872,  Fred.  Long,  Peter  M'Ferren,  David  Deatrick. 

1873,  Peter  M'Ferren,  David  Deatrick,  Jacob  Kreider. 

1874,  David  Deatrick,  Jacob  Kreider,  Amos  Stouffer. 

1875,  Jacob  Kreider,  Amos  Stouffer,  William  Bossart. 

1876,  Amos  Stouffer,  William  Bossart,  Henrj^  Lutz. 

1877,  William  Bossart,  Henry  Lutz,  B.  F.  Fuuk. 

1878,  Henry  Lutz,  B.  F.  Funk,  Jacob  Frick. 

STEWARDS    OF    rOOR    HOUSE. 

Daniel  Shroeder, 1808-1814 

Benjamin  Gruver,  .....  1814-1821 

Richard  Morrow,        ....         1         .  1821-1827 

Philip  Lauffman,    --....  1827-1830 

Andrew  M'Lellan,      - 1830-1833 

Col.  John  Snider, 1833-1839 

David  Fegley, 1839 

William  J.  Morrow,        .....  1840-1843 

Emanuel  Crosland, 1843-1845 

Samuel  Jeffries, 1845-1854 

David  Piper, 1854-1856 

William  Shinafield,         .....  1856-1859 

John  Bowman,  ......  1859 

James  Chariton, 1860-1864 

William  M'Grath, 1864-1866 

John  Ditzlear, 1866-1868 

David  Piper, 1868 

Samuel  Brandt, 1869-1873 

Joseph  Middower,      -         -        -        -        -        -  1873-1878 

TREASURERS    OF    POOR    HOUSE. 

David  Denny, 1808-1814 

Unknown,       - 1814-1821 

William  Heyser, 1821-1823 

John  Sloan, 1823 

Hugh  Greenfield, 1824-1827 

Daniel  Spangler, 1827-1830 


HISTOEICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


257 


Joseph  Pritts, 1830-1832 

Henry  Smith, 1832-1835 

Jasper  E.  Brady, 1835 

William  Bard, 1836-1838 

Henry  Ruby. 1838 

Daniel  Dechert, 1839-1843 

William  Flory, 1843-1845 

Daniel  S.  Fahnestock, 1845-1848 

James  Wright,  - 1848 

D.  S.  Fahnestock, 1849-1856 

J.  Smith  Grier, 1856-1858 

John  W.  Reed, 1858-1861 

Charles  Gelwicks, 1861-1869 

Alex.  Martin, 1869-1872 

Thomas  Metcalfe, 1872 

H.  B.  Davison, •      -  1873-1878 

CLERKS  TO  DIRECTORS  OF  POOR. 

Elijah  B.  Mendenhall, 1808 

F.  Hershberger, 1814 

Matthew  Lind, 1815 

D.  C.  Dehart, 1816 

James  M'Kay, 1817 

Henry  Reges, 1818 

Daniel  Spangler,         ......  1821 

Richard  Morrow,    .-..■-.'  1823 

Hiram  Cox, 1827 

William  S.  Davis, 1828 

John  Colhoun, 1831 

James  R.  Kirb}-, 1832 

John  Smith, 1833 

John  W.  Reges, 1835 

Richard  Morrow, 1837 

Jacob  Heck, 1840 

Hugh  B.  Davison,       ......  1843 

Charles  W.  Heart, 1845 

John  W.  Reges, 1848 

ATTORNEYS   AND^CLERKS. 

Lyman  S.  Clarke, 1851-1856 

J.  Wveth  Douglass, 1856-1859 

'  17 


-1814 


-1821 
-1823 
-1827 

-1831 


■1835 

-1837 
-1840 
-1843 
-1845 
-1848 
-1850 


258  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

Snively  Strickler, 1859-1862- 

William  S.  Everett 1862-1866 

E.  J.  Bonebrake, 1866-1869- 

John  R.  Orr, 1869-1873 

James  A.  M'Knight, 1873-1876 

Frank  Mehaffey, 1876-1877 

John  M.  M'Dowell, 1878 

PHYSICIANS    TO   POOR    HOUSE. 

Abraham  Senseny, 1808 

John  Sloan,  1809-1814 

Andrew  M'Dowell, 1815-1818 

George  B.  M'Knight, 1819-1820 

A.  J.  Dean, 1821-1823 

Samuel  D.  Culbertson, 1824-1826 

Peter  Fahnestock,     ,- 1827 

N.  B.  Lane,    -         -   '     -         -         -.        -         -  1828 

Andrew  M'Dowell, 1829-1830 

Jeremiah  Senseny,  .         .         .         -         .  1831-1832 

D.  S.  Byrne, 1833 

J.  Bayne, 1834-1835 

A. H.  Senseny, 1836-1837 

John  Lambert,        ......  1838 

J.  Evans, 1839-1841 

J.  C.  Richards, 1842-1843 

William  H.  Boyle, 1844 

John  Lambert, 1845-1847 

N.B.Lane,         - 1848-1849 

John  King, 1850-1852 

John  Lambert,  ......  1853 

A.  H.  Senseny, 1854 

S.  G.  Lane, 1855 

A.  H.  Senseny. 1856-1857 

W.  H.  Boyle, 1858 

S.  G.  Lane, 1859-1861 

James  Hamilton, 1862-1863 

J.  L.  Suesserott, 1864-1865 

J.  C.  Richards, 1866-1867 

C.  L.  Bard  and  T.  J.  M'Lanahan,  -        -         -  1868 

W.  H.  Boyle, 1869-1872 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  259 

T.  J.  M'Lanahan,            .         .         .         -         -  1873-1875 

S.  G.  Lane, 1876-1877 

T.  J.  M'Lanahaii, 1878 

CHAPLAIN. 

Augustus  Bicklcy,  elected  1873,  and  still  serving, 

DEPUTY  SURVEYORS  UNDER  APPOINTMENT  FROM  THE  SURVEYOR 

GENERAL. 

Zachariah  Butcher,  Lancaster  county,       -         -  1736 

Thomas  Cookson,                     "                 -         -  1743-1746 

Colonel  John  Armstrong,  Cumberland  county,  1750 

Matthew  Henderson,  of  Cumberland  county,  to        1784 

Matthew  Henderson,  of  Lurgan  township,        -  1784-179& 

Daniel  Henderson, 1796-1804 

Thomas  Kirby,  Chambersburg,          -         -         -  1804-1809 

Thomas  Poe,  Antrim, 1809-18ia 

Archibald  Fleming,  Antrim,      -         -         -         -  1813-1821 

William  S.  Davis, 1821-1824 

William  Hamilton,  Peters  or  Montgomery,       -  1824-1829 

William  S.  Davis,  Chambersburg,          -         -  1830-1834 

Seth  Kline,  Greene, 1834-1836 

William  S.  Davis,  Chambersburg,           -         -  1836-183T 

Samuel  M.  Armstrong, 1837-1839 

Hugh  Auld,  Chambersburg,            -         -         -  1839-1845 

Augustus  P.  Armstrong,  Chambersburg,  -         -  1845-1847 

Hugh  Auld,  Chambersburg,           -         -         -  1847-1850 

COUNTY    SURVEYORS. 

By  the  act  of  9th  April,  1850,  County  Surveyors  were  di- 
rected to  be  elected  to  serve  for  the  term  of  three  years  each. 
The  following  persons  have  filled  the  office  : 

Emanuel  Kuhn,  St.  Thomas,      -         -         -         -  1850-1856 

John  B.  Kaufman,  Letterkenny,    -         -         -  1856-1862 

Emanuel  Kuhn,  Chambersburg,*       ...  1862-1871 

John  B.  Kaufman,  Letterkenny,     ...  1871-1875 

John  W.  Kuhn,  Peters, 1875-1878 

John  B.  Kaufman,  Letterkenny,     -         -         -  1878 

*  Resigned  April,  1871,  and  John  B.  Kaufman  was  appointed  for 
the  unexpired  term.  Mr.  Kaufman  was  also  elected  for  the  full  term. 
in  October,  1871. 


260  HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OP   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 

PROSECUTING   ATTORNEYS. 

Prior  to  the  passage  of  the  act  of  1850,  providing  for  the 
election  of  District  Attorneys,  the  "State's  Attorney"  or  "Prose- 
eating  Attorneys"  were  the  "Deputies"  of  the  Attornej^  Gen- 
eral for  the  time  being,  appointed  by  him,  and  removable  at 
his  pleasure.  Our  court  records  prior  to  1842  having  been 
Ijurned,  I  have  not  been  able  to  make  more  than  a  partial  list 
of  our  former  Prosecuting  Attornej^s,  as  follows  : 

John  Clark, H  8 9-1 7  90 

William  M.  Brown, 1790-1802 

William  Maxwell,  Gettysburg,  -         -        -         1802-1812 

William  M.  M'Dowell,  ....  1813 

Matthew  St.  Clair  Clarke,  ....         1819 

Frederick  Smith, 1824 

Wilson  Reilly, 1842-1845 

William  R.  Rankin,        .         .         .         .         .  1845-1847 

George  W.  Brewer, 1847-1849 

Hugh  W.  Reynolds, 1849-1851 

DISTRICT    ATTORNEYS. 

Elected  under  the  act  of  3d  of  Ma}^,  1850,  to  serve  three 
years,  from  first  Monday  in  November  after  election. 

James  S.  Ross, 1851-1854 

Thomas  B.  Kennedy, )^  1854-1857 
Lyman  S.  Clarke,       ) 

Lyman  S.  Clarke, 1857-1860 

George  Eyster, 1860-1863 

William  S.  Stenger,            -        -         -         -        -  1863-1866 

William  S.  Stenger, 1866-1869 

William  S.  Stenger, 1869-1872 

Theodore  M'Gowan, 1872-1875 

Oliver  C.  Bowers, 1875-1878 

Oliver  C.  Bowers, 1878 

JURY    COMMISSIONERS. 

Elected  under  the  act  of  10th  April,  1867,  to  serve  for  three 
years. 

1867-1870,  Addison  Imbrie,  William  Boyd. 
1870-1873,  W.  H.  H.  Mackey,  Elias  Patton. 
1873-1876,  John  Gilbert,  A.  H.  Etter. 
1876-1879,  J.  C.  M'Culloh,  Lewis  Lechron. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


261 


COUNTY    SUPERINTENDENTS    OF    COMMON  SCHOOLS. 

Selected  under  act  of  8th  May,  1854,  to  serve  for  three  years. 


1854-1857,  James  M'Dowell, 

Hugh  J.  Campbell,  - 
1857-1860,  Philip  M.  Shoemaker, 
1860-1863,  Philip  M.  Shoemaker, 
1863-1866,  Andrew  J.  M'Elwain, 
1866-1869,  Philip  M.  Shoemaker, 
1869-1872,  Samuel  Gelwix, 
1872-1875,  Jacob  E.  Smith,     - 
1875-1878,  S.  H.  Bby, 


salary,  $600  per  }- ear. 

-  "  600  " 
"  500  " 

-  "  600  " 
"  800  " 

-  "  800  " 
"  1,200  " 
"  1,000  " 
"  1,000  "' 


A    LIST    OF     THE     CLERGYMEN      OF     OUR     COUNTY,    WITH      THEIR 
PLACES  OF  RESIDENCE  AND  CHARGES,  RESPECTIVELY, 


PRESBYTERIAN, 

Thomas  Creigh,  D.  D.,  Mercersburg, 

J.  Agnew  Crawford,  D.  D.,  Chambersbur^ 
John  C.  Caldwell,  -  " 

R.  Lewis  M'Cune,         -       Mercersburg, 

'  J,  Smith  Gordon,  -       Fannettsburg, 

Samuel  C.  Alexander,  -       Dry  Run, 

Samuel  C.  George,         -       Chambersb'g, 

David  K.  Richardson,  -       Greencastle, 

Died  Aug.  20,  1877, 
James  H.  Stewart,         -  " 

Installed  Dec.  13,  1877. 
Joseph  H.  Fleming, 


Mercersburg, 
;,  Falling  Spring. 
Central  Church. 
Fayetteville, 
f  Lower  Path  Yallej' 
I  and  Burnt  Cabins, 
Upper  Path  Yalle}-, 
( St,     Thomas      and 
(   Rocky  Spring, 
Greencastle, 


A.  Stewart  Hartman, 

R.  H,  Clare, 

A,  Hamilton  Schertz, 
F.  Klinefelter, 
P,  Bergstresser,  - 
D,  Blackwelder, 
N.  J,  Hesson, 


Welsh  Run,       Welsh  Run, 

LUTHERAN, 

^,       1       ,  (1st  Church,  Cham- 

Chambersburg,  -.    ^       -,  ' 

*'  (  bersburg, 

,,  (2d  Church,   Cham- 

(   bersburg,  (Ger.) 

"  Grindstone  Hill. 

Greencastle,  Greencastle. 

Waynesboro,        Waynesboro. 
Upper  Strasburg, Upper  Strasburg. 
Mercersburg,        Mercersburg. 


262 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF,  FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


B.  F.  Alleman, 
H.  B.  AVintoii, 
Hiram  Knodle, 


William  C.  Cremer, 
H.  I.  Comfort,     - 
Carl  Gundlaeli, 
H.  H.  W.  Hibshman, 
J.  G.  Brown,  - 
E.  E.  Higbee,  D.  D., 
John  H.  Sykes, 
Jacob  Hassler, 

Isaac  M.  Motter,    - 


Sliippcnsljurg,       Greenvillage. 
M'Connellsburg,  Loudon. 
Clearspring,Md.,  Sylvan. 


William  J.  Stewart, 


EEFURMED. 

Cliambersburg,  Cbambersburg. 
"  Grindstone  Hill. 

St.  John's,  (Ger.) 
Waynesboro. 
Mercersburg. 
College  Church. 
Greencastle. 
Loudon. 
( Waynesboro      and 
'(  Mont  Alto. 
St.  Thomas. 


Waynesboro, 
Mercersburg, 

u 

Greencastle, 
Mercersburg, 

Waynesboro, 

St.  Thomas, 


METHODIST    EPISCOPAL. 


B.  B.  Hamlin, 
W.  G.  Ferguson,  - 

M.  L.  Smith,     - 

J.H.M'Cord, 
H.  C.  Cheston,  - 
T.  M.  Griffith,       - 
E.  W.  Wonner, 
W.  Moses,    - 
A.  R.  Bender,  - 


Presiding  Elder, 
-    Chambersbur 


-  Waynesboro, 
Greencastle, 

-  Mercersburg, 
Loudon, 
Greenvillage, 
Mont  Alto, 


Cbambersburg. 

(1st  Church,  Cham- 
="  (  bersburg. 

(King    St.    Church, 
(   Cbambersburg. 
Waynesboro. 
Greencastle. 
Mercersburg. 
Loudon. 
Greenvillage. 
Mont  Alto. 


UNITED    BRETHREN    IN    CHRIST. 


H.  A.  Schlichter, 
W.  A-  Dickson, 
W.  B.  Evers,  - 
W-  H.  Shearer,     ■ 
D.  W.  Proffit, 
S.  T.  Wallace,     - 
William  Quigly, 

H.  Stouffer,  Sr., 
W.  Humberger, 


-     Chambersburg,Chambersburg. 

"  Rocky  Spring. 

-  Greencastle,  Greencastle. 
Orrstown,  Orrstown. 
Funkstown,  Funkstown. 
Loudon,  Loudon. 

-  Spring  Run,  Spring  Run. 

I.OCAL   PREACHERS. 

Cbambersburg. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


263 


Augustus  Bickley, 
J.  Fohl, 
J.  M.  Bishop, 
W.  H.  Rebok, 

H.  C  Swentzel,     - 


Chambersburg. 

.  .  u 

u 
-     Orrstown. 

PROTESTANT    EPISCOPAL. 

-     Chambersburg,     Chambersburg. 

ROMAN   CATHOLIC. 

T.  J.  Fleming,  Pastor,  Chambersburg,     Chambersburg. 
Joseph  Kalin,  assistant,  "  " 


J.  M.  Carvell. 


John  Hunsecker, 

John  O.  Lehman, 
Peter  Wadle, 
Philip  Parret, 
Eenjamin  Lesher, 


Samuel  Stoner, 
Jacob  S.  Lehman, 

Henry  Strickler, 
-Jacob  Frantz, 
Martin  Hoover, 
•John  Bonebrake,  - 


Jos  eph  Wenger, 
H  enry  Lesher, 
Samu  el  Zook,     - 
Aaron    Wenger, 


CHURCH    OF   GOD. 

Chambersburg,  jClaambersburg  Orrs- 
*'  (  town  &  Fay etteville. 


MENNONITE    CHURCH. 
BISHOP. 


PRKA-CHERS. 


Letterkenny  township. 

Letterkenny  township. 
Greene  " 


near  Mercersburg. 

REFORMED    MENNONITES. 
BISHOPS. 


PREACHERS. 


Guilford  township. 


Montgomery  township. 
Washingfton  " 


"Waynesboro. 


RIVER   BRETHREN. 
BISHOPS. 


Guilford 
Antrim 
Southampton 
Washington 


township. 


264 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


PREACHERS. 

John  Burkhart, 

. 

Lurgan 

John  Bert, 

- 

" 

Noah  Zook, 

. 

Southampton 

Martin  Oberholtzer, 

- 

Greene 

Michael  Wenger, 

. 

u 

Peter  Bert, 

. 

Letterkenny 

William  Tanner, 

. 

Peters 

Christian  Stoner, 

. 

Montgomery 

Jacob  Lesher, 

- 

Antrim 

Abraham  Lesher, 

. 

u 

Isaac  Shank, 

. 

u 

L.  C.  Wenger, 

. 

Waynesboro. 

Noah  Myers, 

. 

Guilford 

George  Wenger, 

. 

u 

John  Sollenberger, 

- 

u 

Eli  Martin, 

. 

Hamilton 

Benjamin  Myers, 

TUNKERS. 
BISHOPS. 

Montgomery 

Joseph  Gipe, 

. 

Guilford 

David  Buck, 

- 

Quincy 

Henry  Kontz, 

- 

Antrim 

John  Shank, 

- 

u 

Jacob  Price, 

PREACHERS. 

Washington 

Adam  Pile, 

. 

St.  Thomas 

Abraham  Pile, 

. 

u 

John  Lenard, 

. 

u 

Daniel  Miller, 

_ 

Peters 

Daniel  Miller, 

. 

Hamilton 

David  Bonebrake,     - 

- 

Quinc}^ 

Jonathan  Baker, 

. 

Antrim 

Christian  Royer, 

. 

u 

Benjamin  Stouffer, 

. 

Guilford 

Jacob  Oyler, 

- 

Waynesboro. 

Jacob  Snider, 

_            .            _ 

u 

Daniel  Good, 

. 

Washington 

Daniel  Baker, 

. 

a 

Henry  Etter,     - 

- 

Greene 

township. 


township. 


township. 


township. 


township.. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  265 

SEVENTH    DAY    BAPTISTS. 
PREACHERS. 

John  Riddlesberger,         -         -         -       Quincy  township, 

John  Walk,  .        .        .        .  "  " 

MORMONISM    IN    OUR    COUNTY. 

The  f\ict  that  an  effort  was  made,  years  ago,  under  the 
leadership  of  Sidney  Rigdon,  one  of  the  first  Presidents  of 
the  Mormon  church,  to  build  their  promised  new  "city  of 
Zion"  within  the  borders  of  our  county  has  passed  away  from 
the  recollection  of  most  of  our  people.  And  yet  such  was 
the  fact.  Joseph  Smith,  the  founder  of  Mormonism,  and  Sid- 
ney Rigdon  were  intimate  acquaintances  for  a  considerable 
time  before  Mormonism  was  first  heard  of.  Together  they 
planned  the  great  imposture  which  the}'  subsequently  brought 
into  life  as  the  "Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  the  Latter  Day 
Saints."  It  was  started  at  Manchester,  New  York,  in  April^ 
1830.  In  January,  1831,  Smith,  who  claimed  to  be  the  "Pro- 
phet of  the  Lord,"  led  his  followers  to  Kirtland,  Ohio,  which 
he  then  said  was  to  be  the  seat  of  the  City  of  the  New  Jeru- 
salem. There  they  remained  until  January,  1838,  organizing 
the  church,  appointing  presidents,  bishops  and  apostles,  and 
sending  out  missionaries  to  all  the  ends  of  the  earth.  They 
built  a  large  and  costly  temple,  which  it  took  them  three  years 
to  erect.  There  they  had  a  bank,  run  by  Smith  and  Rigdon, 
which  failed  disastrously  for  its  noteholders  and  depositors, 
and  Smith  and  Rigdon  fled  to  Missouri  to  avoid  arrest.  Their 
deluded  followers  went  after  them,  being  called  so  to  do  by  a 
new  revelation  from  Smith,  as  prophet.  They  were  soon 
driven  out  of  Missouri,  Smith  and  Rigdon  having  been  tarred 
and  feathered  by  the  indignant  Missourians,  and  came  back 
to  Commerce,  Carthage  county,  Illinois,  in  1840,  where  they 
founded  the  city  of  Nauvoo,  and  built  a  magnificent  temple. 
There,  in  July,  1843,  Smith  promulgated  the  revelation  in 
relation  to  polygamy,  making  a  plurality  of  wives  one  of  the 
doctrines  of  the  new  church.  It  was  not  well  received  by 
many  of  his  co-workers.  Dissensions  arose  ;  the  church  split 
into  factions  ;  anarchy  and  lawlessness  were  wide  spread. 
The  people  of  the  State  of  Illinois  arose  in  arms  against  the 
doctrines  and  crimes  of  those  who  had  thus    come  amongst 


266  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF   FRAKKLIN    COUNTY. 

them  as  fugitives  from  the  neighboring  State  of  Missouri. 
Smith  and  his  brother  Hyrum,  and  some  sixteen  others,  were 
arrested  and  imprisoned  at  Carthage,  the  county  seat,  where, 
on  the  evening  of  the  27th  of  June,  1844,  Joseph  and  Hjrum 
Smith  were  killed  by  an  armed  mob.  The  death  of  their  pro- 
phet caused  much  temporary  confuson  among  the  saints. 
Sidney  Rigdon  aspired  to  succeed  him  as  head  of  the  church, 
but  Brigham  Young  was  chosen  first  President,  and  Rigdon, 
being  contumacious,  was  cut  off  from  the  communion  of  the 
faithful,  cursed,  and  solemnly  delivered  over  to  the  Devil, 
"to  be  buffeted  in  the  flesh  for  a  thousand  years."  In  a  short 
time  Rigdon,  who  had  a  considerable  number  of  followers? 
seceded  and  came  eastward  to  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  where 
they  established  a  paper  through  which  to  spread  their  doctrines. 
But  public  sentiment  being  against  them,  they  resolved  to  re- 
move to  a  more  quiet  neighborhood. 

In  September,  1845,  the  city  of  Nauvoo  was  cannonaded 
for  three  days  by  the  forces  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  its  in- 
habitants driven  out  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  the  city, 
with  its  magnificent  temple  and  public  buildings,  wholly  de- 
stroyed. About  the  same  time  two  of  Rigdon's  emissaries 
came  through  the  southern  part  of  our  county,  on  the  turn- 
pike leading  from  Mercersburg  to  Greencastle.  Stopping  upon 
the  bridge  spanning  the  Conococheague  creek,  about  a  mile 
and  a  quarter  west  of  Greencastle,  they  looked  over  the  farm 
of  Andrew  G.  M'Lauahan,  Esq.,  which  lay  spread  out  just 
north  of  them,  and  said  that  "there  was  the  place  the  Lord 
had  shown  them  in  visions  was  to  be  the  site  of  the  City  of 
the  New  Jerusalem."  In  a  short  time  afterwards  Mr.  Peter 
Boyer,  a  wealthy  farmer  of  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania, 
came  on  and  contracted  with  Mr.  M'Lauahan  for  his  farm  of 
four  hundred  acres,  at  the  price  of  fourteen  thousand  seven 
hundred  dollars.  Six  hundred  dollars  were  paid  in  cash,  and 
on  the  3d  of  April,  1846,  Mr.  M'Lauahan  received  five  thousand 
four  hundred  dollars  additional,  gave  a  deed  and  took  a  judg- 
ment for  the  balance  of  the  purchase  money-— eight  thousand 
seven  hundred  dollars — payable  April,  1st,  1847.  The  pur- 
chaser at  once  took  possession,  and  in  a  short  time  Sidney 
Rigdon,  Elders  Hyde  and  Heber,  Judge  Richards,  William 
E.  M'Lellan,  Hatch,  Hinkle,  Zody,  Grimes,  Ringer  and  others 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH    OP    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  267 

joined  them.  The  band  numbered  from  one  to  two  hundred 
all  told.  The  most  of  them  went  upon  the  farm,  where  they 
said  that  they  intended  to  lay  out  a  great  city,  build  a  magnifi- 
cent temple  and  other  needed  public  edifices.  Quite  a  number 
of  them  located  in  the  town  of  Greencastle,  where  they  es- 
tablished a  weekly  newspaper,  called  the  "Conocoheague  Her- 
ald," under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  E.  Robinson,  the  church 
printer.  Among  them  were  professional  men,  mechanics  and 
farmers,  and  one  or  two  who  had  been  heavy  capitalists  in 
Pittsburg  when  they  joined  the  band,  but  their  riches  had  been 
squandered  subsequentl}'.  Sidney  Rigdon  was  their  Prophet 
and  High  Priest.  Every  Sunday  they  held  services  in  the 
barn  on  the  farm,  Rigdon  generally  doing  the  preaching  ;  oc- 
casionally one  of  the  elders  held  forth.  Their  meetings  vrere 
largely  attended  by  the  people  of  the  neighborhood,  more  from 
curiosity  to  hear  what  would  be  said  than  from  any  similiarity 
of  thought  or  feeling  with  them.  The}'  made  few  converts 
amongst  our  people — not  perliaps,  over  half  a  dozen  in  the 
whole  county.  They  talked  largely  about  what  they  intended 
to  do — about  laying  out  avenues  and  streets,  building  glass 
works,  cotton  mills,  &c.  But  most  of  them  lived  in  idleness 
the  while,  and  all  their  plans  soon  came  to  naught.  Their 
money  was  soon  spent ;  death  swung  his  scythe  amongst  them 
and  cut  down  quite  a  number  of  them  ;  others  became  dis- 
couraged and  left ;  they  could  not  meet  their  indebtedness 
due  to  Mr.  M'Lanahan  on  the  1st  of  April,  1847,  and  the  farm 
was  sold  at  sheriff's  sale  and  bought  in  by  Mr.  M'Lanahan,  in 
August  of  that  year,  who  again  obtained  possession  of  it  in 
IS'ovember  following.  After  this  death-blow  to  their  hopes 
and  prospects  all  discipline  and  organization  were  at  an  end, 
and  the  band  dissolved.  A  majority  of  them  went  to  Salt 
Lake,  whilst  others  joined  the  Gentiles  and  started  life  anew. 
In  the  pines,  on  the  farm,  a  number  of  them  lie  buried,  and 
the  spot  is  known  as  the  "Mormon-Graveyard." 

Brigham  Young  died  at  Salt  Lake  City,  August  29th,  18YY, 
aged  seventy-six  years.  It  is  thought  by  many  that  Mormon- 
ism  will  not  long  survive  this  event ;  that  there  is  no  person 
among  his  followers  who  will  be  able  to  keep  them  together  as 
he  did  ;  that  divisions  and  heart  burnings  will  inevitably  arise, 
no  difference  upon  whose  shoulders  his  mantle  may  descend, 


268 


HISTORICAL    SKETCn   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


and  that  disintegration  and  dissolution  must  speedily  follow. 
An  historian  cannot  foretell  the  future.  It  is  his  province  to 
speak  of  the  past^  and  Time  alone  will  show  what  is  to  become 
of  this  great  imposture  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

PHYSICIANS    RESIDING    IN    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


James  K.  Davidson,     - 
William  Grubb, 
Adam  Carl, 
A.  A.  Miller, 

D.  Rench  Miller, 
Thomas  M.  Kennedy, 
George  Carl, 

A.  S.  Bonebrake,     - 

E.  A.  Hering, 

Isaac  N.  Snively,     -  ■ 
Benjamin  Frantz, 
J.  Burns  Amberson, 
John  Ripple, 
A.  H.  Strickler,      - 
G.  W.  Boteler, 
Ezekiel  Hartzell,    - 
Henry  K.  Byers, 
William  C.  Lane, 
Robert  S.  Brownson, 
Eliab  Negley, 
D.  F.  Unger, 
Thomas  H.  Walker, 
Frank  Oellig,     - 
John  S.  Flickinger, 
M.  G.  Alexander, 
John  M.  Yan  Tries,      - 
Robert  W.  Ramsey, 
George  R.  Cauffman,    - 
Charles  H.  Garver,    - 
J.  C.  Gilland, 
11.  X.  Bonbrake, 
Hiram  Buhrman, 
Charles  T.  M'Clay, 
David  M'Clay, 


Greencastle. 


Waynesboro. 


Fayetteville. 

Orrstown. 
Mercersburg> 


near 


Fannettsbiirg. 

u 

St.  Thomas. 

u 

Cauftman's  Station. 

Scotland. 

New  Franklin. 

Mont  Alto. 

Funkstown. 

Greenvillage. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


269 


T.  B.  Reifsnyder, 

... 

Greenvillage. 

William  A.  Hunter, 

. 

Upper  Strasburg, 

James  M.  Gelwix, 

. 

u 

Henry  G.  Christman, 

. 

Welsh  Run. 

William  P.  Noble,       - 

. 

Upton. 

Joseph  H.  M'Clintic, 

. 

Loudon. 

William  A.  Hinchman, 

. 

u 

J.  B.  M'Donald,     - 

. 

Concord. 

Samuel  R.  Ickes, 

. 

Dry  Run. 

John  H.  Flickinger, 

. 

a 

W.  0.  Skinner, 

. 

u 

D.  F.  Royer, 

. 

Shady  Grove. 

M.  M.  Gerry, 

. 

Sylvan. 

John  Montgomery, 

. 

Chambersburg. 

A.  H.  Senseny, 

- 

u 

B.  Rush  Senseny, 

. 

u 

Edgar  N.  Senseny, 

. 

u 

Jacob  L.  Suesserott, 

. 

(( 

Samuel  G.  Lane, 

.        .        _ 

(( 

William  H.  Boyle, 

. 

(( 

T.  Johnston  M'Lanahan,     -         -         - 

(( 

John  Seibert,    - 

. 

il 

S.  F.  Reynolds,  (Eclectic,) 

li 

B.  Bowman,  (Homeopathic,) 

u 

I.  Y.  Reed,                 " 

■ 

u 

J.  F.  Nowell,              " 

ATTORNEYS. 

Greencastle. 

John  Clark, 

admitted^September  term,  ItSi 

Robert  Magaw, 

"         December       "         " 

Thomas  Hartley, 

u                   u 

a          li 

James  Hamilton, 

u                   u 

a         a 

Thomas  Duncan, 

((                       u 

u          u 

Thomas  Smith, 

u                   u 

((            u 

Ross  Thompson, 

u                   u 

u          a 

Ralph  Bowie, 

((                        u 

u          u 

James  Ross, 

U                             (( 

u          u 

James  Riddle, 

((                        u 

u          a 

Stephen  Chambers, 

u                   a 

a          u 

John  M.  M'Dowell, 

u                   a 

u          u 

270 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


Andrew  Dunlop, 
William  Bradford,  Jr., 
James  Carson, 
James  Smith, 
Jasper  Yeates, 
Samuel  Riddle, 
David  AVatts, 
James  Oi'bison, 
M'Steel  Sample, 

*  Thomas  Hartley, 
*Thomas  Duncan, 
*James  Riddle, 
Andrew  Dunlop, 
William  M.  Brown, 
John  Smith, 

*  Samuel  Riddle, 
George  Smith, 
*John  Clark, 
Richard  Smith, 
James  Duncan, 
John  Cadwallader, 
George  Armstrong, 
William  Claggett, 
Jonathan  Henderson, 
William  Barber 
James  Crawford, 
Parker  Campbell, 
William  Clark, 
Paul  Morrow, 
James  Brotherton, 
Samuel  Hughes, 
Thomas  Bailey, 
Joseph  Shannon, 
George  Jennings, 
William  Reynolds, 
John  F.  Jack, 
Joseph  Parks, 
Robert  Haselhirst, 


admitted  September  term,  1*785 

u  u  u  '        u 

U  U  U         1^<^Q 


March 

December 

u 

March 


September 


April 


May 

December 


1700 


1791 


1792 


1793 


1794 


1795 


1796 


1798 


*Those  gentlemen  marked  thus  were  re-sworn  after  the  adoption  of 
the  Constitution  of  1790. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


271 


James  Kelly, 

S.  W.  Culbertson,  " 

Robert  Ha3's,  " 

William  Orbison,  " 

William  Maxwell,  " 

Jonathan  Haight,  " 

James  Daubins  " 

Wm.  L.  Kelley,(from  N.  J.)  " 

William  Ross,  " 

Alex.  Lyon             •  " 

Otho  Shroder,  " 

John  I.  Stull,  (from  Md.,)  " 

Josiah  Espy  " 

James  Carson,  " 

Thomas  G.  M'Cullough        " 

Andrew  Boggs,  " 

Samuel  Leeper  " 

David  Snively,  " 

Upton  Lawrence,  " 

"  George  Chambers,  " 

Thomas  H.  Crawford,  " 

James  M.  Russell,  " 

John  M'Connolly,  " 

Andrew  Caruthers,  '' 

Elijah  Mendenhall,  " 

William  L.  Brent,  " 

Wilson  Elliott,  " 

Charles  B.  Ross,  " 

George  Ross,  " 

Daniel  Hughes,  " 

George  Metzger,  " 

Alexander  Mahon  " 

M.  St.  Clair  Clarke,  " 

Richard  W.  Lane,  " 

John  Larkel,  " 

James  Buchanan,  " 

William  Irwin,  " 

John  Johnson,  " 

William  S.  Finley,  " 

James  Dunlop,  " 


admitted  December 
"         April 


Ausrust 


April 


term,  1799 
"      1801 


1802 


January 
November 


August 
October 


January 


1803 


"      1806 
8th,      " 
term,    " 

u  u 

12th,  180T 

u 

9th,      " 
10th,      " 


1808 


1809 
1810 


1811 

term,      " 

a  u 

1812 

u 

term,  1813 

u 
181T 


272 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


Paul  I.  Hetich,  admitted 

Samuel  Liggett,  " 

James  M'Dowell,  " 

William  Chambers,  " 

Frederick  Smith  " 

Burr  HaiTison  " 

Samuel  Ramsay,  " 

Hugh  Torrence,  " 

Samuel  Alexander,  " 

James  Riddle,  " 

Robert  M.  M'Dowell,  " 

John  F.  Denny,  " 

Joseph  Chambers,  " 

Ebinger  S.  Finley,  " 

John  Williamson,  " 

Archibald  I.  Findlay,  " 
George  Augustus  Shryock,  " 

Jacob  Madeira,  " 

Richard  Bard,  " 

John  A.  Sterrett,  " 

Andrew  Davison,  " 

William  Miller,  Jr.,  " 

Thomas  Chambers,  " 

Dayid  R.  Denny,  " 

John  S.  Riddle,  " 

Reade  Washington,  " 

Thomas  Harbison,  " 

William  S.  Buchanan,  " 

Leonard  S.  Johns,  " 

Michael  Gallaher,  " 

Jasper  Ewing  Brady,  " 

William  M.  Greer,  " 

James  M.  Reynolds,  " 

Andrew  P.  Wilson,  " 

James  X.  M'Lanahan,  " 

James  II.  Hepburn,  " 

James  Nill,  " 

John  M'Ginley,  " 

Daniel  Denny,  " 

Joseph  Minnick,  " 


April 


Auffust 


April 
Ausfust 


term. 


August        term. 


1818 


1819 
1820 

u 

u 
1821 


24th. 


21st, 
term. 


1822 
1823 


1824 


August         10th, 


1825 
1826 
1827 


August         14th, 


1828 

1829 

January 

11th,  1830 

April 

8th,     " 

1831 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH  OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


273 


Robert  M'Lelland,  admitted 

Humphrey  Robinsou,  '• 

Andrew  Hewlett,  " 

Robert  M.  Bard,  " 

A.  J.  Durboraw,  " 
X.  C.  Snider,  '  '• 
John  W.  Reges,  " 

B.  Bordle}'  CraAvford,  '• 
James  W.  Buchanan,  " 

Wilson  Reilly,  "             April 

Robert  Quigley,  " 

€.  S.  Ej-ster,   '  " 

James  W.  M'Kinstr)',  " 
William  C.  Aughiubaugh,  '• 

William  M'Lellan,  "             October 

Joseph  Nill,  '• 

Experience  Estabrook,  " 

John  C.  Williamson,  " 

William  R.  Rankin,  " 

Theodore  Friend,  '• 

George  Chambers,  Jr.,  '• 

James  C.  Moody,  '• 

Isaac  H.  M'Cauley,  '•             April 

Hugh  W.  Reynolds,  '• 

John  A.  Powell,  " 
E.  Crawford  Washington,  '• 

E.  M.  Biddle,  " 

Frederick  Watts,  '• 

Samuel  H.  Tate,  " 
Alexander  H.  M'Culloh,      '• 

C3'rus  G.  French,  '• 

W.  Y.  Davis,  " 

Edward  F.  SteAvart,  " 
Alexander  Thompson,  Sr.,  " 

William  Baker,  " 

Hon.  James  Cooper,  '• 

DaA'id  F.  Robinson,  '' 

Jacob  H.  Hej-ser,  " 

Benjamin  Chambers,  " 

Lewis  C.  Levin,  " 
18 


Xovember    15th,  1831 
1832 

January        Uth,  1834 

1835 


4th.  1837 


2d, 


a 

1838 

u 

u 
1839 


1840 


10th, 


1841 


u 

c 

1842 

u 

a 

1843 

u 

a 


274 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


James  S.  Ross, 

admitted 

1843 

Abiier  M.  Fuller, 

" 

1844 

Louis  M.  Hughes, 

u 

u 

Alexauder  Thomson,  Jr 

•5 

u 

George  W.  Brewer, 

u 

u 

John  M.  Radebaugh, 

u 

1845 

Henr3'  A.  Mish, 

a 

u 

Robert  P.  M'Clure, 

(( 

u 

John  Scott, 

u 

1846 

J.  Parker  Fleming, 

u 

u 

Alfred  H.  Smith, 

u 

u 

Yictorine  N.  Firor, 

u 

(C 

"Washington  Crooks, 

u 

u 

Frederick  M.  Adams, 

u 

i84r 

John  C.  Culbertson, 

u 

- 

Frederick  Smith, 

u 

August 

10th, 

u 

John  Cessna, 

u 

January 

nth. 

1848. 

Edward  G.  Behm, 

u 

IC 

19th, 

u 

Thomas  B.  Kennedy, 

u 

April 

11th, 

u 

J.  Randolph  Coffroth, 

u 

November 

2d, 

u 

Perry  A.  Rice, 

u 

a 

u 

u 

Lyman  S.  Clark, 

u 

u 

u 

11 

Henry  L,  Fisher, 

u 

August 

ITth, 

1849 

Thomas  M.  Carlisle, 

u 

a 

u 

u 

Thomas  B.  M'Farland, 

u 

January 

25th, 

1850 

John  G.  Lemon, 

u 

April 

10th, 

1850 

William  Adams, 

u 

kL 

u 

u 

BoliA-er  B.  Bonner, 

u 

January 

2  2d, 

1851 

David  R.  B.  Nevin, 

;; 

u 

u 

a 

John  Dosh, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

J.  M'Dowell  Sharpe, 

u 

March 

11th, 

u 

A.  R.  Cornyn, 

u 

August 

20th, 

u 

William  Y.  Davis, 

u 

March 

10th, 

,  1852 

Andrew  J7.  Rankin, 

u 

April 

14th, 

u 

Frederick  Watts, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

Thomas  L.  Fletcher, 

;; 

August 

9th, 

u 

Columbus  F.  Bonner, 

a 

u 

u 

u 

James  Buchanan  Boggs 

',       " 

u 

(( 

u 

Thomas  A.  Bo3-d, 

a 

;( 

u 

u 

George  F.  Cain, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

nrSTORICAL   SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


275 


William  J.  Baer, 

admitted 

January 

nth. 

1853 

James  P.  M'Clintock, 

u 

April 

12th, 

Li 

J.  W.  Douglas, 

(,(, 

u 

u 

a- 

William  Carlisle, 

u 

u 

u 

U 

Frederick  S.  Stumlmug 

•h,  " 

January 

nth, 

1854 

James  Allison,  Jr., 

u 

u 

u 

u 

George  Ej^ster, 

u 

April 

12th, 

u. 

Hiram  0.  Keyser, 

u 

June 

6th, 

u. 

A.  J.  Cline, 

u 

August 

15th, 

u 

John  Kyle, 

u 

November 

2d, 

(i 

Philip  Hamman, 

u 

April 

9th, 

1855 

F.  A.  Tritle, 

u 

u 

(,i 

((. 

Michael  B.  Do^'le, 

;( 

;; 

u 

ii. 

David  H.  Wiles, 

u 

August 

15th, 

IL- 

A.  K.  M'Clure, 

(( 

June 

nth. 

185^ 

Israel  Test, 

u 

u 

u 

it 

James  H.  Bratten, 

u 

October 

29th, 

a 

George  W.  Welsh, 

(( 

u 

(( 

a 

John  Roljison, 

u 

April 

13th, 

185t 

George  Schle}', 

(( 

a 

14th, 

u. 

A.  K.  Seyster, 

u 

u 

u 

ii- 

H.  J.  Campbell, 

u 

u 

20th, 

u. 

H.  S.  Gassidy, 

u 

August 

10th, 

l(. 

J.  C.  Knnkel, 

u 

u 

12th, 

u. 

W.  H.  Miller, 

u 

il 

u 

u 

William  S.  Everett, 

ii 

u 

15th, 

u 

D.  Watson  Rowe, 

ii 

u 

(( 

u. 

Charles  Sumner, 

u 

October 

26th, 

u 

J.  D.  W.  Gillelan, 

(; 

u 

29th, 

(( 

C.  A.  M'Guigan, 

u 

4( 

u 

l(. 

J.  P.  Rhodes, 

u 

March 

9th, 

1858; 

John  R.  Orr, 

u 

A  pril 

12th, 

ii~ 

Robert  P.  M'Kibben, 

ii. 

u 

u 

C( 

Calvin  M.  Duncan, 

u 

u 

u 

u. 

Snivel}^  Strickler, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

A.  D.  Furguson, 

u 

August 

10th, 

u 

William  C.  Logan, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

C.  M.  Barton, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

T.  J.  Nill, 

u 

October 

31st, 

u 

John  W.  Goettman, 

a 

(( 

u 

u 

^76 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY. 


Charles  11.  Ta^ior,  admitted 

Thomas  X.  Orr,  " 

William  Kennedy,  " 

J.  A.  S.  Mitchell,  " 

David  W.  Chamljers,  '■ 

Henry  G.  Smith,  '' 

E.  J.  Bonebrake,  " 

Hiram  M.  White,  " 

George  M.  Stenger,  '• 

Jonathan  C.  Dickson,  '■' 
T.  J.  M'Grath, 

Hastings  Gehr,  " 

Leonard  C.  Pittinos,  '• 

Benjamin  K.  Goodyear,  " 

William  S.  Stenger,  " 

Jeremiah  Cook,  " 

Ross  Forward,  " 

George  A.  Smith,  '• 

John  Stewart,  " 

Samnel  Lyon,  " 

D.  W.  Thrush,  '• 

Amos  Slaymaker,  '• 

George  0.  Sellhamer,  " 

William  Etter,  '• 

J.  Montgomery  Irwin,  " 
William  H.  Hockenherry,   '• 

Joseph  Douglas,  " 

William  M.  Mervin,  '• 
John  W.  Taylor, 

Jarrett  T.  Richards,  '• 

K.  Shannon  Tajdor,  '• 

J.  Porter  Brown,  '■• 

Jacob  S.  Eby,  '• 

S.  J.  Henderson,  " 

George  Chambers,  " 

Stephen  W.  Hays,  " 

Theodore  M'Gowan,  " 

Claudius  B.  M'Kinstr^-,  " 

Amos  S.  Smith  '  " 

Joseph  M.  M'Clure,  '• 


January 
April 


August 


November 

January 

April 


28th,  1859 
Uth,     •' 


8th,     " 

15th,     '• 

2d,     '• 
2Gth,  18(30 
Uth,     " 


August         18  th, 


January 

Li 

21st, 
2  2d, 
23d, 

1861 

u 

24th, 

'^ 

August 

12th, 

'■ 

Januaiy 

29th, 

a 

February 

1st, 

a 

October 

2Sth, 

1862 

January 

23d, 

1863 

April 

18th, 

'• 

October 

28th, 

^• 

April 

16th, 

1865 

August 

i; 

nth. 

4; 

November 

Tth, 

a 

August 

uth. 

1866 

Januar}^ 

22d, 
25th, 

i86r 

August 

13th, 

4( 

u 

16th, 

u 

November 

1st, 

u 

HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


277 


John  S.  M'Cune, 
Wm.  M.  Penrose, 
Adam  Keller, 
J.  B.  Cessna, 

A.  D,  Merrick, 
F.  M.  Darb}^ 
Wm.  F.  Duffleld, 
John  D.  DeGolly, 
Wm.  F.  Brewer, 
John  A.  H3'ssong, 
John  M.  M'Dowell, 
T.  F.  Garver, 

T.  M.  Mahon, 

W.  F.  Patton, 

John  A.  Robinson, 

Lewis  W.  Detrich, 

John  C.  ZeHer 

Ed.  Stake, 

John  R.  Miller, 

J.  Alexander  Simpson, 

B.  Frank  Winger 
Andrew  M'llwain, 
W.  T.  Cressler, 

C.  Watson  M'Keehan 
J.  R.  Gaff, 

Josiah  Fnnek, 

Cyrus  Lantz, 

S.  S.  M'Lanahan, 

B.  M.  Xead, 

Jos.  M'Nulty, 

James  A.  M'Knight, 

A.  G.  Huber, 

T.  H.  Edwards, 

H.  B.  Woods, 

M.  Williams, 

Andrew  Gregg  M'Lanalian, 

Dan.  H.  Wingerd, 

Wm.  A.  Morrison, 

A.  G.  Miller,  Jr., 

Franklin  Mehaffey, 


Jr., 


[  January 

20th, 

1868 

Cl 

2nh, 

u 

li 

a 

u 

April 

14th, 

u 

u 

2l8t, 

u 

August 

12th, 

u 

October 

2nh, 

u 

(( 

>i 

u 

December 

15th, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

April 

12th, 

1869 

June 

1st, 

u 

Januar}^ 

18th, 

1870 

(i 

u 

(( 

April 

21st, 

u 

August 

8th 

u 

December 

21st, 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

24th, 

u 

January 

25th, 

1871 

March 

12th, 

1871 

August 

u 
u 

February 

u 

June 


17th, 


6th,    1872 
7th,      " 
4th,    1872 


October 

28th, 

u 

January 

20th, 

1873 

April 

14th 

u 

u 

17th 

u 

June 

3d, 

u 

August 


nth. 


MvLIN    COUNTY. 

November 

14th, 

1873 

u 

nth. 

u 

January 

19th, 

1874 

September 

7th, 

1875 

April 

28th, 

1876 

June 

26th, 

1877 

Februar}^ 

u 

1878 

278  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN 

CL  C.  Bowers,  admil 

JTohn  Adams  M'AUen,  " 

.Jacob  D.  Ludwig,  " 

JToshua  W.  Sharpe,  " 

W.  S.  Alexander,  " 
^Charles  Suesserott,               \         " 

JBenjamin  Chambers,  Jr., .  " 

THE    GREAT    FLOOD    OF    NOVEMBER    24tH,    1877. 

.Never  within  the  recollection  of  our  oldest  citizen  has  this 
county  been  visited  by  such  a  freshet  as  passed  down  the  Ea8t 
iBranch  of  the  Conococheague  creek  on  Saturday  the  24th  and 
Sunday  tlie  25th  of  November,  1877.  On  Thursday  morning 
preceding,  tlie  rain  began  to  fall,  and  continued  steadily, 
though  not  very  heavil}^,  through  all  that  day  and  night.  On 
JFriday  the  23d  it  rained  steadily,  and  at  times  quite  heavily. 
During  Friday  night  the  largest  quantity  of  water  fell.  Satur- 
day morning  and  forenoon  the  rain  fall  was  at  times  quite 
Iheavy,  and  at  other  times  none  fell.  About  noon  of  Saturday 
the  Conococheague  creek  which  passes  tlirough  Chambers- 
Tburg,  began  to  rise,  though  no  apprehensions  were  felt  that  the 
flood  was  going  to  be  a  destructive  one  until  about  four  o'clock, 
P.  M.  It  then  became  evident  that  much  damage  would  be 
•  done  to  both  public  and  private  property  along  its  course.  So 
rapidly  did  the  stream  rise  just  before  night  fall  that  various 
^persons  residing  near  it  who  thought  themselves  safe  above 
Jhigh  water,  had  to  flee  for  their  lives,  leaving  their  household 
goods  to  the  mercy  of  the  angry  waters. 

By  six  o'clock  the  arches  of  the  stone  bridge  over  the  creek 
-on  Market  street  were  nearly  filled  by  the  water,  which  had 
-also  risen  almost  up  to  the  lower  floors  of  John  Miller's,  Hotel 
and  the  dwelling  east  of  it  on  the  bank  of  the  creek,  inhabited 
•by  Reed  M'Donald. 

At  this  time  the  scene  at  the  furniture  factory  of  "H.  Sierer 
.&  Co.,"  the  old  Lemnos  edge  tool  factory,  was  most  interesting. 
'This  enterprising  firm  had  a  very  large  stock  of  lumber  piled 
■.up  in  their  yard  and  dry  houses — had  their  finishing  shop  filled 
thi'oughout  with  a  very  large  amount  of  finished  and  unfin- 
ished work — and  their  manufactory  stored  with  machiner}^  and 
Jumber  and  parti}'  finished  work.     At  the  hour  named — six 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  279 

•o'clock  P.  M. — the  ^vater  was  rushing  with  fearful  velocity  be- 
tween the  main  building  and  the  dry  houses  and  through  the 
lumber  yard.  A  large  shed  was  lifted  bodily  from  its  founda- 
tions and  hurled  against  the  finishing  house.  The  shock  was 
so  great  that  this  latter  building  was  shaken  from  its  founda- 
tions and  in  a  few  minutes  fell  with  a  fearful  crash,  and  its 
contents  valued  at  $5,000  were  swept  away  by  the  angry  waters. 
In  addition  to  this,  the  loss  of  this  firm  on  lumber  was  about 
$1,500,  whilst  the  damage  to  their  real  estate  was  from  three 
to  five  thousand  dollars  more,  and  it  will  take  a  long  time  and 
jnuch  labor  and  expense  before  their  premises  can  be  restored 
to  their  former  condition. 

About  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening  the  iron  bridge  near 
Heyser's  Paper  Mill,  north  of  town,  was  lifted  clear  of  its 
abutments,  and  carried  down  the  stream  with  fearful  rapidity. 
It  passed  safely  under  the  stone  bridge  at  King  street,  but 
struck  the  western  pier  of  the  Market  street  bridge  with  such 
force  as  to  do  considerable  damage  to  the  stone  work.  It, 
liowever,  got  through  under  this  bridge  and  the  iron  bridge 
at  Ludwig's  brewer}^,  and  sunk  just  below  Sierer's  factory, 
where  it  yet  lies. 

By  eleven  o'clock  at  night  the  water  had  reached  its  highest 
point,  completely  covering  the  ai'ches  in  the  Market  street 
bridge,  and  even  dashing  over  the  foot  bridge  connecting  with 
the  side  walks.  It  then  stood  fourteen  inches  deep  over 
the  lower  floor  of  Miller's  Hotel,  and  M'Donald's  dwelling, 
and  was  running  across  Market  street  at  the  west  end  of  the 
bridge,  in  a  stream  some  two  or  three  feet  in  depth.  At  this 
time  the  scene  was  fearful  to  behold.  The  western  arch  of 
the  bridge  was  almost  closed  up  by  debris  from  above,  which, 
had  lodged  across  it,  and  great  fears  were  entertained  that  the 
other  arches  might  be  stopped  up  in  a  similar  manner — and  if 
such  had  been  the  case  the  damages  to  surrounding  property 
would  have  been  fearful  and  be^'ond  computation. 

About  this  time  the  one  story  brick  blacksmith  shop  of 
Miller  &  Bj-ers,  situate  in  the  yard  of  Miller's  Hotel,  near  the 
bank  of  the  creek,  was  swept  away  in  toto  with  all  its  contents. 
About  half-past  twelve  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  something, 
looking  like  the  roof  of  a  large  building  or  bridge,  struck  the 
north-western  corner  of  the  Woollen  Mill  with  a  terrific  thud^ 


280  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN    COUNTY, 

and  about  two-thirds  of  the  western  end  of  the  structure,, 
from  the  foundation  to  the  roof,  came  down  witli  a  thunder- 
like crash.  The  same  mass  of  timber  that  caused  the  damage 
to  the  "Woollen  Mill  struck  the  Market  street  l)ridge,  which 
was  already  greatl}'  injured  by  the  previous  shocks  it  had  sus- 
tained, and  the  piers  gave  way,  and  a  large  part  of  the  bridge,. 
being  parts  of  two  arches,  went  down,  making  a  great  hole  in 
the  road-way,  and  extending  nearly  two-thirds  across  the 
structure.  The  damage  was  so  great  that  this  bridge  will  have 
to  be  partially,  if  not  wholly,  taken  down  and  rebuilt. 

At  the  Wolfstown  fording,  near  Sierer's  factory,  the  damage 
done  w^as  very  great.  From  150  to  200  feet  of  the  heavy  stone 
wall  along  the  western  side  of  the  creek,  as  well  as  one-half 
of  the  bed  of  Franklin  sti'eet  was  carried  away.  The  iron 
bridge  over  the  creek,  recently  built  by  the  town  council  at  a 
very  heavy  expense,  was  much  damaged.  The  abutments 
were  both  injured  more  or  less,  whilst  the  centre  pier  was 
so  greatly  damaged  that  the  western  span  of  the  bridge  went 
down  into  the  water,  though  it  was  not  carried  away.  It  can, 
however,  be  raised  to  its  place  again  after  the  pier  is  repaired.. 
The  fording  at  this  point,  which  was  formerly  one  of  the  safest 
on  the  creek,  is  now  impassable — being  washed  out  so  greatly 
that  at  low  water,  there  are  at  places  in  it  where  the  water  is 
ten  feet  deep.  Below  the  fording  an  island  nearly,  if  not  al- 
together, one  hundred  feet  in  diameter,  composed  of  brick, 
stone,  sand  and  other  debris  from  the  damaged  bridges  and 
buildings  above,  has  been  formed,  and  the  course  of  the  stream^ 
completely  changed  and  turned  away  from' its  former  channel. 
One  or  two  persons  who  attempted  to  cross  at  the  fording 
lately,  supposing  it  to  be  in  the  same  condition  as  before  the 
flood,  narrowly  escaped  being  drowned. 

The  water  in  the  Conococheague,  at  Chambersburg,  was 
never  known  to  be  so  high  before.  Mr.  John  Brown,  who  had 
marked  on  the  wall  of  his  wagon  maker  shop,  the  highest 
point  that  the  water  had  reached  within  the  past  forty  years, 
informed  me  that  this  freshet  was  fully  eleven  feet  above  the- 
great  flood  of  1866,  which  was  the  highest  within  his  knowl- 
edge. It  was  not  until  two  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning  that 
the  waters  began  to  subside,  and  our  people  became  assured 
that  the  danger  was  over.     All  along  the  course  of  the  Cono- 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF   FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  281 

cocheague  creek,  from  its  sources  in  the  South  mountain,  down 
to  its  entrance  into  the  Potomac,  the  losses  hy  the  carrying^ 
away,  and  injury  to  bridges,  the  floating  off  of  buildings,  fences 
and  other  property,  have  been  A'ery  large. 

The  great  storm,  of  which  this  freshet  was  a  part,  extended 
over  a  large  area  of  the  country,  from  the  Hudson  river  to  the 
Mississippi,  and  far  down  into  the  Southern  States.  Along 
the  Potomac  and  the  James  Rivers,  and  their  tributaries,  im- 
mense damages  were  done.  One  of  the  heaviest  of  these  losses,. 
in  which  our  people  are  interested,  was  that  done  to  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad  bridge  over  the  Potomac  River,  near 
Williamsport,  Maryland.  Five  spans  of  the  bridge,  on  the 
Virginia  side  of  the  river,  each  about  one  hundred  and  forty 
feet  long,  were  swept  away,  together  with  six  double  cars  be- 
longing to  the  railroad  company,  which  had  been  loaded  with 
coal  and  iron,  and  placed  upon  the  bridge,  in  order,  if  possi- 
ble, to  prevent  its  being  lifted  from  the  piers  by  the  water. 
The  loss  to  the  railroad  company  is  about  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars.  They  are  now  erecting  a  new  iron  bridge  of  six  spans, 
the  total  length  of  which  is  eight  hundred  and  sixty-three  feet, 
which  will  cost  $40,000.  One  span  of  the  former  wooden 
bridge,  on  Mar3dand  side  of  the  river,  will  be  used  in  connec- 
tion with  the  six  new  spans.  The  bridge  has  been  I'aised  on 
the  Virginia  side  of  the  river,  about  five  feet,  and  will  thus 
be  free  from  all  danger  from  future  freshets. 

In  this  section  of  the  country  this  flood  was  a  great  sur- 
prise. Although  a  considerable  quantity  of  water  fell  during 
the  22d  and  23d,  and  in  the  forenoon  of  Saturday  the  24th 
of  November,  yet  no  one  supposed  that  enough  water  had 
fallen  to  raise  the  Conococheague  to  the  dangerous  condition 
it  exhibited  on  the  evening  of  the  latter  day.  The  west 
branch  of  the  Conococheague  was  not  much  higher  than  it 
had  been  many  times  before,  and  little  damage  was  done  along 
.its  course,  whilst  the  Falling  Spring,  which  rises  in  the  same 
region  of  the  county  as  the  Conococheague,  though  not  so 
close  to  the  mountain,  was  little  higher  than  usual.  I  am, 
therefore,  induced  to  believe  that  along  the  South  mountain, 
in  the  eastern  part  of  our  county,  where  the  sources  of  the 
Conococheague  have  their  rise,  the  rain  fall  must  have  been 
much  heavier  than  down  in  the  vallej^,  and  after  soaking  the 


282  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF    FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

earth  until  it  would  hold  no  more,  the  surplus  water  was 
thrown  off,  and  finding  its  vray  into  the  various  feeders  of  the 
creek  produced  the  freshet  along  the  stream. 

From  Caledonia  Furnace,  which  is  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  Conococheague,  the  freshet  swept  along  tearing  up  the 
pike  there,  and  carrying  every  thing  moveable  with  it.  At 
Renfrews,  near  Greenwood,  the  bridge  was  hurled  from  its 
abutments,  and  carried  down  the  stream.  Between  Woodstock 
and  Brookside  on  the  Mont  Alto  Railroad,  the  track  was  much 
injured  for  three-fourths  of  a  mile.  At  Hamb right's,  the 
stream  became  a  miniature  river,  spreading  out  near  a  mile  in 
width.  The  bridges  at  this  point,  though  damaged,  were  not 
swept  awa}'.  The  bridge  on  the  road  from  Fayetteville  to  Scot- 
land lost  one  abutment,  and  the  frame  work  was  swung  entirely 
around,  and  it  will  cost  some  three  to  five  hundred  dollars  to 
repair  it.  The  county  bridge  at  Scotland  was  swept  away, 
and  was  wholly  destro3''ed.  It  will  cost  from  twenty -five  hun- 
dred'to  three  thousand  dollars  to  replace  it.  The  planing  mill 
of  D.  W.  Hess,  at  that  point,  and  some  twenty-two  thousand 
feet  of  his  lumber,  were  also  swept  away.  Mr.  Hess'  loss  was 
near  twent^^-five  hundred  dollars.  The  "Red  Bridge,"  on  the 
Shippensburg  pike,  two  and  a  half  miles  north  of  Chambers- 
burg,  was  also  greatl}"  damaged.  The  bridge  at  Lehman's 
Mill,  though  greath^  damaged,  withstood  the  immense  masses 
of  water  that  surged  against  it.  The  next  bridge  on  the 
stream — that  at  He3'ser's  Mill  was,  as  already  stated,  wholly 
destro3^ed,  and  it  will  cost  from  fifteen  hundred  to  twenty-five 
hundred  dollars  to  replace  it.  The  nursery  grounds  of  J.  F. 
Nitterhouse  were  wholly  submerged,  but  the  damage  done  was 
not  very  great.  At  Hej-ser's  Paper  Mill  the  loss  from  the 
straw  stacks  swept  awaj',  and  the  damage  done  to  the  "straw 
boards"  in  the  mill,  was  from  five  hundred  to  one  thousand 
dollars.  The  damages  to  the  Chambersburg  Woollen  Mill 
were  from  three  thousand  to  four  thousand  dollars.  John 
Brown's  loss  was  about  one  hundred  dollars.  Miller  &  B_yers 
lost  their  accoun^books  and  all  that  was  in  their  shop  ;  their 
damages  being  al)out  two  hundred  dollars.  John  Miller's  dama- 
ges by  the  flooding  of  his  hotel,  stables,  &c.,  were  about  twelve 
hundred  dollars.  The  foundation  of  the  house  of  Ephraim 
Finefrock  was  swept  out,  and  his  loss  will  be  near  one  hundred 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF    FRANKLIN    COUNTY.  283 

^ncl  fifty  dollars.  The  stone  bridge  at  Market  street  was  built 
in  the  years  1813  and  1814,  by  the  county,  at  a  cost  of  near 
four  thousand  dollars,  and  it  will  cost  as  much  more  to  repair 
it,  or  })ut  up  a  new  bridge  in  its  place.  Calvin  Grilbcrt  esti- 
mates his  loss  at  near  one  thousand  dollars.  George  Ludwig 
■&  Co.,  lost  about  two  hundred  barrels  of  ale,  worth  from  eight 
hundred  to  one  thousand  dollars.  The  loss  of  Heniy  Sierer  & 
Co.,  as  I  have  already  stated,  will  be  near  ten  thousand  dollars, 
whilst  an  additional  and  large  loss  will  be  sustained  through  the 
stoppage  of  work  in  his  manufactory,  Tlie  Inidge  at  the 
Wolfstown  fording,  and  the  Avail  and  roadway  of  Franklin 
street  will  have  to  be  repaired  at  the  expense  of  the  borough 
of  Chambersburg,  and  the  repairs  needed  cannot  be  done  un- 
der one  thousand  dollars.  Below  this  point,  though  much  dam- 
age was  done  by  the  sweeping  away  of  fences,  lumber,  grain, 
•&C.,  none  of  the  bridges  were  carried  off,  though  most  of  them 
were  more  or  less  injured.  The  gross  amount  of  damages 
along  the  Conococheague  creek  cannot  be  less  than  forty  thou- 
sand dollars. 

In  the  south-eastern  part  of  the  county,  along  the  eastern 
branch  of  the  Antietam  creek,  which  also  has  its  sources  in 
the  South  mountain,  the  damage  to  bridges,  buildings,  fences, 
&c.,  was  also  very  great.  At  the  junction  with  the  west 
branch  the  waters  were  four  feet  higher  than  they  were  ever 
known  to  be  in  the  past.  The  large  bridge  crossing  the  east 
branch  at  that  point,  on  the  Leitersburg  turnpike,  was  swept 
away,  and  carried  several  hundred  yards  down  the  stream  into 
Mai'3'land,  where  it  remains.  It  originally  cost  near  twenty- 
five  hundred  dollars,  but  a  new  one  can  now  be  built  for  about 
fifteen  hundred  dollars.  It  was  built  by  the  county,  but  was 
afterwards  thrown  into  the  line  of  the  turnpike,  and  has  been 
used  thus  for  some  j^ears.  It  is  now  a  mooted  question  as  to 
who  should  rebuild  it.  The  losses  to  the  residents  along  these 
-streams,  from  the  carrj'ing  away  of  bridges,  fences,  lumber, 
iay,  straw,  stock,  &c.,  were  very  large,  and  the  inconveniences 
that  will  be  sustained  by  our  people,  from  the  interruption  of 
their  routes  of  travel  cannot  now  be  estimated,  and  manj^  months 
2nust  necessarily  elapse  before  they  will  be  fully  removed. 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Abraham,  CaiJtain  Noah 139 

company  roll 139-142 

Academies  and  colleges , 104,221 

Acreage  of  the  county 45 

Acreage  of  the  State , 6 

Action  of  pcoi)le  of  Cumberland  Valley 41 

Adams,  lion.  Stephen 176 

Ahl,  Hon.  John  A 178 

Alexander,  Captain  William,  his  company 160 

Allison,  Col.  John 41, 64,209 

Alto  Dale 204 

America,  discovery  of 5 

Antrim  township,  formation  of 17, 187 

division  of 194 

Armstrong,  Colonel  Joseph  117 

his  company  roll 117 

his  regimental  otficers 118 

Arts,  the  lost,  in  our  county 181 

Assembly,  first  members  of 49 

Associate  judges 56,239 

Attorneys  in  1786-88 59 

general  list  of , 269 

to  poor  directors 257 

prosecuting,  list  of 260 

Auditors,  county 250 

Augers,  manufacture  of 1S3 

Austin,  Major  James 1C6 

Baltimore,  Lord,  grant  to. 13 

Banks  in  county 94 

Baptists,  Seventh-day,  clergy  of : . .  264 

Bard,  Captain  Thomas,  his  company 157 

Before  formation  of  county 5 

Blair,  Rev.  Samuel 127 

Boyd,  Capt.  R.  J 167 

Boyd,  Capt.  W.  H.,  Jr 167 

Brady,  Capt.  Samuel 116 

Brand,  Capt.l.A.  J 165 

Bridgeport 204 

Brown,  John,  his  raid 224 

Brownson,  Capt.  R.  S 166 


28G  INDEX. 

PAGE,. 

Buchanan,  Hon.  James IT^ 

Bucks  count}',  organization  of T 

Campbell,  Hon.  Alex 179' 

Campbell,  Col.  Charles  T 162-4 

Camp  Hill 204- 

Carrick 204 

Carson,  Hon.  Thomas 179' 

Cashtown , 204 

Catholic  clergy •. . .  263- 

Centre  or  Centre  Square ■ 205- 

Chambers,  Colonel  Benjamin 9,35, 190' 

Chambers,  General  James 39, 56, 73, 121, 143- 

his  first  company  roll 123- 

Chambers,  Hon.  George ! 178^ 

Chambersburg,  attorneys  in,  1786 59' 

laid  out 35- 

in  1784-88 6a 

inn-keepers  in 59- 

physicians  in 59" 

population  of 59" 

Changes  in  jjopulation 173- 

Chaplains  to  poor  house  259- 

CharlestOAvn 206 

Cheesetown 206- 

Chester  count}^  erection  of T 

Churches,  at  Falling  Spring 189' 

Green  Castle 187 

Mercersburg 21$ 

Path  Valley 199" 

Rocky  Spring 194- 

Welsh  Run 196 

Church  of  God,  clergy  in 263- 

Church  Hill 20& 

Clark,  Hon.  Matthew  St.  Clair 180 

Clay  Lick 20& 

Clergymen  in  county 261 

Clftrks  of  commissioners 250' 

Clerks  of  the  courts 243-4 

Clerks  of  the  poor  house 257 

Clocks,  matiufacture  of 18L 

Colhoun,  Dr.  John 41 

Colleges  and  academies 104 

Commissioners  of  county,  list  of 49, 248 

Commissioners,  jury,  list  of 260 

Common  schools 98 

directors  and  teachers  of 9^ 

superintendents  in 99, 261 

Concord 206 

Congressmen,  first  election  of 63 

list  of 231 


INDEX. 


28T 


'^ 


PAGE, 

Constitutional  Conventions 229 

Coppersmithing l^"* 

Coroners,  list  of 246 

Councillors,  election  of 49- 

County,  organization  of ^"^ 

aviditors 251 

commissioners 49, 248 

coroners 245 

courts 53 

criminal  history  of lOG 

lieutenants 221 

location  and  area  of 45 

surveyors 259 

treasurers 246 

Court  house,  first  erected 50, 55 

Cove  Gap 207 

Crawford,  Hon.  T.  Hartley 178 

Creigh,  John 41 

Criminal  history  of  county 106 

Criswell,  Capt.  Andrew  M 169 

Crunkleton  town 187 

Culbertson,  Capt.  Samuel  D.,  company  roll 145, 156 

Cumberland  county,  when  organized 8, 17 

Cumberland  valley,  action  of  people  in  41 

division  of 43 

first  settlement  of ■ 8, 16 

in  1730-60 10 

in  the  revolution 40-43 

Cumberland  Valley  railroad 93- 

Delaware,  purchase  of,  by  Wm.  Penn 6 

Deputy  surveyors,  list  of 259' 

Directors  of  common  schools 99 

Directors  of  poor,  list  of 254 

District  attorneys,  list  of 260 

Dixon,  Capt.  Wm.  D 164 

Doebler,  Capt.  John 163-66 

Douglas,  Capt.  J.  W 169 

Doylesburg 207 

Dry  Run 207 

Dunn,  Capt.  Samuel,  company  roil 148-51 

Durham  Jack,  convicted  of  murder 108 

/Early  settlements  in  county 16 

'^arly  taxes  in  county 17 

Easton ,  Capt.  Hezekiah , 164 

Elder,  Capt.  James  G 163-6 

Election  districts,  old 49, 91 

Elections,  first 49, 91 

Episcopal  clergy 263 

Executive  Council,  Supreme 234 

Eyster,  Capt.  Charles  AV 169 


Ii88  INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Eyster,  Capt.  George 169 

Eyster,  Capt.  John  S 164 

Fairview 207 

Paniiettsburg 207 

Fannet  township,  formation  of 190 

Fayetteville 208 

Fast  freight  lines 223 

Fenton,  Colonel  James,  his  regiment 150 

Findlayville  .'. 208 

Pindlay,  Captain  John,  company  roll 154 

elected  Colonel 161 

JFindlay,  Hon.  James 178 

Findlay,  Hon.  John  177 

Findlay,  Governor  William 1~5 

First  counties  in  State 7 

First  elections  in  county 49 

First  taxes  in  county 57 

IFirst  regiment,  Cumberland  county 122, 126 

its  regimental  flag 127 

JFirst  township,  Cumberland  county 16 

Flanagan,  Capt.  John,  company  roll 159 

Flax,  oil  and  hemp  mills 182 

Fletcher,  Capt.  Thomas  L  169 

Tlood,  great,  of  1877 279 

Foltz,  Capt.  C.  C 170 

Franklin  count}',  acreage  in 45 

area  and  location 45 

first  election  in 49 

geological  features 47 

organization  of 43 

j:»opulation IS,  90 

soil,  topography,  &c 45 

Pranklin  township,  erection  of 197 

property  in— in  17S6 58 

French  and  Indian  wars  of  1744-56 22 

Freight  lines,  fast 223 

Frontier  forts 24 

Fullerton,  Hon.  David 177 

Fulling  cards,  manufacture  of 183 

Funk,  Capt.  Charles  A 167 

Funkstown 209 

Furnaces 170 

CTermantowu 209 

Glovemaking 183 

Gordon,  Capt.  Samuel,  company  roll 152 

Grant  to  William  Peun 6 

Great  flood  of  1877 279 

Greenawalt,  Capt.  D.  B 165 

Green  Castle 44, 209 

Green  township,  erection  of 198 


INDEX.  280 

PAGE. 

Green  village • 210- 

Greenwood 210 

Gubernatorial  elections ^*^ 

Guilfc^rd  township,  erection  of 18^' 

Hamilton,  Judge  James , ^-t 

Hamilton  township,  erection  of 189 

Hand,  Colonel  Edward 122, 1*^4, 121 

Hanna,  John,  convicted  of  murder lOT 

Harmony,  Capt.  John  H 1''7 

Harper,  Capt.  Michael,  company  roll 149 

Hats,  manufacture  of 184 

Hays,  Capt.  Patrick,  company  roll 148. 

Hopewell  township,  formation  of 17 

House  of  Representatives,  members  of 2:5(5; 

Houser,  Capt.  David 1G9' 

Housum,  Colonel  Peter  B lG3-'t 

Huliinger,  Capt.  Josiah  C 167 

Independence,  war  for 40, 121-143- 

Indian  outrages 29 

Inn-keepers  in  1780-88 59' 

Irvine,  (,'olonel  William,  his  regiment 129' 

Irwin,  Colonel  Jared,  his  regiment 145- 

Jackson  Hall 211 

Jail,  old ' 50, 52. 

Jeffries,  Capt.  John 169' 

Johnston,  James,  Sr 120 

Johnston,  John 12L 

Johnston,  Colonel  James 49,.120' 

Johnston,  Colonel  Thomas 12L 

Johnston,  Dr.  Robert 121 

Judges— president  and  associate 50,.230' 

under  Constitution  of  1776 56- 

1790 57, 239' 

1838 240 

1873 242. 

Judicial  districts 94 

Jury  commissioners 260 

Justices  in  1786-88  59- 

Justices  who  were  judges ►  56 

Kennedystown 196 

Kurtz,  Capt.  Luther  B 167 

Land  in  the  county 45 

in  the  State 6 

in  Cumberland  valley,  when  purchased 8. 

entry  of,  in  the  olden  time 192. 

Lancaster  county,  organization  of 8. 

Lancasterian  system  of  schools 103 

Laws  in  force  in  1784-6 , 4S 

Lehman,  Capt.  Elias  K 1C5  -6 

Lenuherville  211 

19 


290  INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Letterkenny  township,  organization  of 191 

Ijiberty  poles,  erection  of 72 

Lieutenants  and  sub-lieutenants 221 

Lost  arts  in  our  county 181 

Loudon    211 

Lurgan  township,  organization  of 188 

Lutheran  clergy,  list  of 261 

Macla}',  Hon.  John 176 

Maclay,  Hon.  Samuel 176 

Maclay,  Hon.  William 176 

Magaw,  Colonel  Robert 122, 127, 129 

Magaw,  Dr.  William 127 

Mainsville 211 

Marion 211 

Marion  Station 212 

Maryland,  grant  of 13 

location  of H 

Mason  and  Dixon's  line,  history  of 11 

M'Allen,  Capt.  R.  W 165 

M'Cammont,  Major  James 49, 56-7, 115, 193 

M'Clay,  John 41 

M'Clelland,  Hon.  Robert 175 

M'Cord's  Fort,  capture  of 25, 32 

M'Calloh,  Hon.  Thomas  G 177 

M'Dowell,  Dr.  John 13u 

M'Dowell,  Capt.  James 144 

M'Dowell,  Capt.  Samuel  M 169 

M'Dowell,  Capt.  Wm.  E 166 

M'Ginley,  Rev.  Amos  A 199 

M'Kean,  John,  convicted  of  murder 108 

M'Kesson,  Capt.  Samuel  R 164 

M'Knight,  Capt.  H.  W 168 

M'Lene,  Hon.  James 44, 49, 176, 230-236 

M'Lanahan,  Hon.  James  X 178 

M'Pherson,  Hon.  Edward 180, 233 

Men  of  mark  in  politics 174 

Mennonite  clergy,  list  of 263 

Mercersburg 212 

Mercer,  Gen.  Hugh 213 

Merchants  in  1785-88 59 

Metal  township,  erection  of 199 

Methodist  clergy,  list  of 262 

Mexican  war 161 

Middleburg 214 

Miles,  Capt.  George  L - 166 

Military  record  of  county 113 

Militia,  lieutenants  of 221 

Mill-stones,  manufacture  of 181 

Minerals  in  county 170 

Mont  Alto 215 


INDEX.  291 

PAGE. 

Montgomery,  Capt.  James  H 169 

Montgomery  township,  erection  of 195 

Mormonism,  history  of 263 

Mount  Hope 215 

Mowersvilie 215 

Murders  by  Indians 29 

Murders,  convictions  for 107 

Murtaugh,  John,  convicted  of  murder l'^9 

Nails,  manufacture  of 182 

Newcastle,  location  of 1^ 

New  England,  extent  of 13 

New  Franklin 215 

New  Jersey,  grant  for 1^^ 

Newspapers  in  Franklin  county 64 

Nimmon,  Major  John  S 165 

Oaks,  Capt.  Andrew — his  company 147 

Offices,  public,  location  of  old 53 

Oil,  manufacture  of 1^2 

Old  roads 16, 194, 208 

Orrstown 215 

Outrages  by  the  Indians 29 

Paper,  manufacture  of 9t> 

Patton,  Captain  Samuel,  company  roll 142 

Penn,  William,  grant  to 6 

landing  of 7 

death  of 15 

Pennsylvania,  grant  for 6, 14 

location  and  price 6 

Peters  township,  formation  of. 188 

Philadelphia  count}',  erection  of 7 

Phinicie,  Capt.  Henry  C 167 

Physicians  in  1786-88 59 

in  1876,  list  of 268 

to  poor  house , 258 

Pikesville  216 

Piper,  Colonel  William — his  regiment 145 

Piper,  Hon.  William  A 179 

Poor  house,  clerks  of 257 

directors  of 254 

history  of. 253 

stewards  of 256 

treasurers  of. 225 

Population  in  1786,  and  since 73,90 

changes  m 173 

in  1870 45 

Post  offices,  establishment  of. 63, 202 

Postal  facilities  in  1788 62 

Potash,  manufacture  of 181 

Potter,  General  J  ames 115 

Presbyterian  clergy,  list  of 261 


292  INDEX. 

PAGR. 

President  judges 56,239 

Prosecuting  attorneys,  list  of , 260 

Protestant  Episcopal  clergy,  list  of 263 

Protiionotaries,  list  of 242 

Provincial  conference  of  1776    41. 

nienil)ers  from  Franklin  count3'' 4L 

Pablic  buildings  and  oflices 50,52 

Purviance,  Col.  John— his  regiment 145 

<luincy 216 

*Quincy  township,  erection  of 201 

Kamsige,  Josiah,  convicted  of  murder 107 

Rnilroads  in  our  countj'' 93, 172 

Hea,  Hon.  John 177 

a^eteellion,  the  war  of 104, 163  to  170 

.Reed,  Capt.  John  H 166 

Keforined  clergy,  list  of 262 

Reges,  Capt.  Henry — his  company  roll 147 

Registers  and  recorders,  list  of 243 

Heilly,  Hon.  Wilson 178 

I^hea,  Capt.  Archibald  R 166 

Representatives,  list  of 49, 236 

Richmond 216 

P,ippey,  Capt.  William — his  company  roll 133 

Hitchey,  Col.  John  L 168 

Hiver  Brethren,  clergy  of 263 

Heads,  old,  Fulton  county  to  Baltimore  194 

Harris'  Ferry  to  Potomac 16 

Loudon  to  Blaclt's  Gap 208 

Hobinson,  Capt.  Andrew— company  roll 158 

Robinson,  Hon.  David 178 

Roman  Catholic  clergy  of . . . , 263 

Rouserville 206 

Route  from  east  to  west 28 

Rowe,  Lieut.  Col.  D.  W 166 

Howe,  Hon.  John 179 

Roxbury 217 

■St.  Thomas 217 

•St.  Thomas  township,  erection  of 200 

;Schools,  common,  establishment 98 

.Schools,  Laneasterian,  reference  to 103 

.Scotch-Irish,  history  of 25 

Scotland 217 

•Senators,  list  of 180, 234 

■.Settlement  of  Cumberland  Valley 16 

iSeventh  Day  Baptists,  clergy  of. 265 

Shady  Grove ' 218 

Sheriffs,  list  of 245 

iShimpstown 218 

Shovels  and  pans,  manufacture  of 181 

Sickles  and  scythes,  manufacture  of 183 


INDEX.  293 

PAGE. 

"Slaverj^,  abolition  of 109 

sSmitli,  Captain  Abraham,  company  roll 130, 31 

Smith,  Colonel  Abraham,  of  Antrim 49, 131, 179 

Smith,  Colonel  Abraham,  of  Lurgan 131 

Smith,  ColonelJames , 113 

Smith,  Captain  John,  snrvey  by 13 

Smitli,  Hon.  Frederick 179 

Smolvetown 218 

■Snider,  Col.  Jeremiah— his  company  and  regiment 145, 146 

Snow  Hill 218 

.Soldiers  in  the  Indian  wars 113-143 

in  the  revolution 113-143 

in  the  whiskey  insurrection 143 

in  tlie  w^^r  of  1812-14 144-161 

in  the  Mexican  war 161-163 

in  the  rebellion 163 

three  months'  men. 163 

six  months'  men 167 

nine  months'  men 166 

one  year's  men 168 

three  years'  men 163, 166 

nine  months,  drafted  , 167 

independent  batteries 168 

militia  and  emergenc3^  men 169 

Southampton  township,  erection  of 197 

Spring  Run 218 

Springtown 218 

Stage  coaches 93 

■Stake,  Capt.  Jacob 150 

Steele,  Bevevend  Captain  John 119 

■Stenger,  Hon.  AVilliam  S 178 

Stetzel,  Lieut.  Col.  George , 165 

Stevens,  Capt.  Alanson  J 168 

Stewa rds  of  the  poor  house,  list  of 256 

Stouflerstown 218 

Strasburg 219 

Straw  paper,  manufacture  of 97 

Stum Ijaugh,  Colonel  Frederick  S 163-4 

Sullenberger,  Capt.  W.  H 166 

Superintendents  of  Common  Schools 99-261 

Supreme  Court,  Southern  district 94 

Supreme  Executive  Council 234 

Surveyors,  county 259 

Swedish  colony  in  Delaware • 13 

Tacks,  manufacture  of 184 

Talbott,  Coloiiel  Jeremiali 49, 135 

company  roll 135-38 

Taxables  in  1751-2,  list  of IS 

in  1786,  list  of 74 

in  1790,  and  since 90 


294  INDEX. 

PAGB. 

Taxes,  early 17 

in  1785 57 

in  178G 58,74 

Taylor,  Capt.  K.  S 16» 

Teachers  in  common  schools 99 

Thompson,  Hon.  Alexander 17& 

Thompson,  Hon.  John 178' 

Thompson,  Colonel  William 122, 127 

Tomstown 219 

Towns  and  villages  in  county 204-221 

Townships,  organization  of 16, 58, 185- 

Trair,  Capt.  Michael  W 166 

Transportation  last  century 91 

fast  freight .' 223 

Treasurers  of  poor  house 256- 

Troops  in  whiskey  insurrection 73- 

Troxell,  Capt.  E.  S 166. 

Tunkers,  clergy  of 264 

Turnpikes,  list  of 92. 

United  Brethren,  clergy  of 262. 

Upton , 2 1J> 

Vance,  Capt.  David 169 

Wagon  lines,  fast  freight 223. 

Wagonmaking 184 

Wagon  whips,  manufacture  of 185-211 

Walker,  Capt.  John  D 169- 

W^alker,  Capt.  John  H 166 

Walker,  Capt.  Samuel .' 167 

Walker,  Capt.  Wm.  H 166 

Wallacetown 220 

War  of  Independence 40' 

Indian 22. 

whiskey 71, 143 

1812-14 ; 144-161 

Mexican 161 

of  the  rebellion 163-170 

losses  in  rebellion 104 

Warren  township,  erection  of 200 

Washington,  General,  visit  of 70 

AVashington  township,  erection  of 194 

Water  works,  history  of 96 

Waterloo ~. 220 

Waynesboro 220 

Whiskey  insurrection,  history  of 71, 143 

Williamson 221 

Willow  Grove 221 

AVinger,  Lieut.  Col,  B.  F 165- 

Young,  Capt.  William,  company  roll 154, 16L 


:,     ,   ..v\